United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA530-K-95-004
September 1995
Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5305W)
Recycling Means
Business
X Recycled/Recyclable I
/ Printed on paper that con^Rs at least 20% postconsumer fiber.
-------
The Benefits of Recycling Market Development
This booklet introduces Recycling
Means Business, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA's) strategy for supporting the
national effort to expand markets
for recycled materials. In addition
• /
to its environmental benefits,
boosting recycling markets has
many economic advantages.
Some benefit local communities
directly, while others are national
in scope. For example, strong
recycling markets will:
• Increase the revenues paid to
communities for their recyclable
materials.
• Create jobs in communities
across the country.
• Enable the recycling industry to
become a major sector of the
national economy, fueling
greater economic growth.
-------
EPA's
"Greenprint"
for Market
Development
ver the past decade, ambitious
R collection programs instituted by
^1 1 communities and organizations across
America have diverted millions of tons of
recyclable materials from the solid waste stream. The
number of community curbside collection programs alone
has increased by 5OO percent over the past five years, with
more than 6,6OO curbside collection programs in place.
Many government agencies, businesses, and organizations
also instituted in-house recycling collection programs,
successfully diverting everything from office paper to scrap
tires. The nation is collecting over 2O percent of its solid
waste for recycling—the highest rate since World War II.
-------
Recycling what would
otherwise be thrown away
has obvious environmental
benefits. Using recovered materials as
a substitute for virgin feedstocks
conserves natural resources, reduces
the energy used for manufacturing,
and lessens the environmental impacts
associated with the
extraction and harvesting
of raw materials. In
addition, recycling makes
sense as a waste
management technique,
diverting valuable
materials from the
waste stream and
reducing the burden
on landfills and
incinerators.
Recycling also has inherent economic
benefits. Every step in the recycling
process, from collection to
remanufacturing to purchasing
recycled products, adds value to
recovered materials. In fact, "value
added" (defined as the difference
between the cost of materials and the
selling price of the products made
from these materials) is a measure
frequently used to gauge the
economic contribution of
recycling. The process of
turning collected materials into
new products creates a chain of
economic activity that can result
in business expansion, jobs, and other
economic growth in communities
across the country—all from a resource
that used to be thrown away.
Everyone benefits from this increase in
economic activity. Recycling
businesses are able to earn profits that
in turn can be reinvested in new plants
and processes. In addition, these
businesses require supplies and
services from other industries, such as
construction, equipment supply,
transportation, and research and
development, expanding their
economic impact and creating more
jobs for area residents. And the jobs
created by recycling businesses tend
to draw from the full spectrum of the
labor market. The material collection
and sorting industries primarily
contribute low- and semi-skilled jobs.
-------
while the companies in the
manufacturing sector, which
typically create the lion's share of
new employment opportunities,
offer more highly skilled jobs.
Communities and businesses looking
for new routes to economic growth
are recognizing that the waste they
generate every day is a valuable
economic resource. Instead of
paying to have recyclable materials
disposed of, or sending them to be
recycled elsewhere, communities can
keep the added value by providing
the materials, labor, and markets that
fuel local growth.
The Balancing Act (
For recycling to realize its full
environmental and economic
potential, however, the three
components of recycling-
collecting, remanufacturing, and
purchasing recycled products—must
be in balance. This balance is
illustrated by the universal symbol of
recycling, the "chasing arrows."
The first arrow
represents the
collection of
materials for
recycling, which
has grown dramatically since the
early 1980s. The other two sides
of the recycling equation,
however—the remanufacturing of
new products and the purchasing
Recycling Versus Waste
Disposal
The Institute for Local Self-
Reliance (ILSR) projected the
impact of collecting and
remanufacturing old newsprint
(ONP) instead of paying to have
the waste landfilled. ILSR found
that for a city of one million
residents, a single mill
processing 100,000 tons of ONP
per year could contribute up to
$57 million in annual gross
revenues to the local tax base.
By contrast, disposing of the
same material would cost the
city $4 million in disposal costs
annually (assuming an average
tipping fee of $40 per ton).
of these products by consumers-
are only beginning to match the
strength of the collection side of
recycling. Since sustainable
recycling hinges on turning
collected materials into new
products, and on selling these
products to consumers, expanding
the processing and remanufacturing
capacity of recycling businesses is
critical. This process is known as
market development.
-------
Making Market
Development Work
To further the development
of recycling markets, EPA
created a strategy called
Recycling Means Bus/ness. EPA
interviewed over 150 individuals
from governments, businesses, and
nonprofit organizations to identify
real and potential market
development issues that affect
sustainable recycling. Using this
information, Recycling Means
Bus/ness aims to:
Market Development's
Key Players ^
Recycling Means Business
fosters the development of
recycling-based businesses.
It provides a national forum to
build markets by facilitating the
efforts of:
• State, tribal, and local
governments
• Private sector entities
• Other federal agencies
• Nonprofit groups
• Educational institutions
• Individuals
The Importance of Market
Development
Market development is the key to
unleashing the economic potential of
the recycling industry. Market
development includes:
• Starting new recycling-based
businesses.
• Expanding existing businesses
and increasing revenues.
• Creating new jobs and adding
wages.
• Expanding the local tax base.
• Making additional capital
available to firms for growth.
• Support and sustain the link
between increased market
capacity and sustainable
economic growth.
• Leverage federal resources and
build federal partnerships for
market development.
• Develop infrastructures that
support markets for recyclables
and recycled products.
Together, these goals form a
"greenprint" to help ensure markets
for environmentally sound and
economically sustainable recycling.
-------
Linking Market Development and
Economic Growth
Recycling Means Business fosters
interaction and coordination
among economic development
professionals, financial institutions,
and recycling businesses. It is
critical that these groups work in
partnership to ensure that recycling
fulfills its potential for job creation
and economic revitalization.
Recycling Means Business
addresses the need to provide
marketing, technical, and financial
assistance to recycling businesses,
and to promote the use of
recovered materials.
State and local economic
development programs can be
instrumental in championing and
coordinating recycling projects
within their jurisdictions. These
programs serve as catalysts for
recycling businesses by encouraging
banks, investment groups, small
business lenders, and others within
the financial community to identify
and help fund recycling ventures.
They also help new recycling
businesses seek out and acquire the
capital and other resources they
need to be successful.
Through Recycling Means Business.
EPA is building the capacity of
those groups that provide capital
and information to budding
recycling businesses.
I
I
Bringing Together
Economic Development
and Recycling Goals
EPA's Jobs Through Recycling
initiative is one part of the
Recycling Means Business
strategy. Jobs Through Recycling
was launched to:
• Expand local and regional
markets for recycled materials.
• Stimulate economic
development.
• Create jobs in recycling-related
businesses and industry.
Recognizing that recycling can be
an important part of their
economic development strategy,
communities across the country
are looking for ways to support
their local recycling industry.
Jobs Through Recycling is helping
link groups and individuals who
know the business of recycling
with new companies and
established firms interested in
using recycled materials.
•
-------
For example, EPA established four
Recycling and Reuse Business
Assistance Centers (RBACs) and nine
Recycling Economic Development
Advocate (REDA) positions to help
recycling businesses gain access to
information and markets. These
RBACs and REDAs inform manu-
facturers about the economic
benefits of using recycled feedstocks,
finding these materials, and
switching from virgin-based raw
materials. These programs also help
individual companies learn how to
assess the equipment and process
modifications necessary to convert
from virgin to recycled feedstocks.
They also are helping companies
locate sources of high-quality
recovered materials and perform
cost analyses to help determine
when they might begin saving
money from switching to these
materials.
Industry also is taking action. Start-
up recycling businesses, with hard
work and assistance from the
growing number of economic
development programs, are making
the collection and remanufacture of
recovered materials a reality. Other
companies are reaching out within
the business community for
information and assistance on
collecting their recyclable materials
and finding ways to use recycled
products in their service and
manufacturing processes.
Leveraging Federal Resources
Recycling Means Business recognizes
and uses the federal government's
ability to stimulate recycling market
development. With its significant
purchasing power, federal procure-
ment alone represents about 8
percent of the nation's Gross
Domestic Product. Aggressive buy-
recycled policies by federal agencies
help to generate critical markets for
recycled products.
Procurement, however, is just one
part of market development. Many
federal agencies—from the
Department of Commerce to the
Small Business Administration—have
experience in job creation, business
assistance, community economic
development, and technology
development. EPA and other
agencies together can facilitate the
dissemination of this knowledge
throughout industry, thereby building
and strengthening recycling markets.
Building a Recycling
u I u
Infrastructure
Just as building a house requires a
strong infrastructure—a solid
foundation, a framework for
supporting the walls and roof, and
connections such as electricity and
clean water—sustainable recycling
-------
The Feds Weigh In
The effort to focus federal procurement policies on
recycled materials has been increased by Executive Order
12873, requiring federal agencies to establish recycling
programs and to buy recycled products whenever
possible. As part of this process, EPA has developed the
Comprehensive Guideline for the Procurement of Products
Containing Recovered Materials (CPG) (and the
accompanying Recycled Materials Advisory Notice
[RMAIM]). The CPG lists currently available items made
from recovered materials. Other federal agencies can
refer to these resources for recycled products.
i
The federal contribution also includes entering into
partnerships with other organizations to help build
recycling markets. For example, to help companies
acquire specific information about using recovered
feedstocks, the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST, a division of the U.S. Department of
Commerce), Washington State's Clean Washington
Center, and the National Recycling Coalition (NRC)
created the Recycling Technology Assistance Project
(ReTAP). ReTAP has two distinct missions: (1) to provide
direct technical assistance to companies interested in
switching to recycled materials in plant operations, and
(2) to disseminate recycling technology information
across the country. With funding support from EPA,
ReTAP offers such services as identifying and resolving
recycled product manufacturing difficulties and
identifying potential end uses for recycled products.
-------
Structures for Sustainable Recycling
EPA's Recycling Means Business strategy was designed
Gto build on efforts already under way to develop the
foundation of recycling. One such project is the
establishment of an exchange for buying and selling
recovered materials in the mecca of commodity
markets—the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). The
"
Chicago Board of Trade Recycling Partnership was
created by the New York State Office of Recycling
Market Development, the National Recycling Coalition
(NRC), Clean Washington Center, EPA, and CBOT itself
to provide a formal recovered materials market
j^H \M
exchange. This new recycling market is helping to
i . • ,
remove uncertainties over recovered materials price
and availability. The exchange also is helping minimize
concerns over the quality of recycled feedstocks
through standardized inspection procedures and a
neutral process for settling trade disputes.
To encourage businesses to adopt or expand buy-
recycled programs, EPA also created its WasteWi$e
program. In addition to implementing recycling
collections and adopting waste prevention activities,
corporations that join the program agree to increase
their purchase and/or manufacture of recycled products.
By increasing the demand for recovered materials, the
hundreds of corporations that have joined WasteWi$e
are poised to make a major contribution to the
velopment of a recycling infrastructure.
Ij^fc -
-------
also depends on developing a basic
infrastructure. This infrastructure
includes elements such as:
• Networks of information
supporting markets for recyclable
materials and recycled products.
• Links between buyers and sellers.
• Established consumer demand for
recycled products.
This nationwide base is critical for
sustainable recycling. Recycling
Means Business helps to support and
expand this foundation. Recycling
Means Business is helping improve
existing market development
programs, provide opportunities for
information exchange, and promote
recycled products procurement in
both the public and private sectors.
Recovered Materials Market Capacity Growth
in Minnesota 1987 to 1993
Market
Development:
2000 and Beyond
R
c
o
c
g
£
c
o
03
Q.
O3
O
Plastic Glass
(all types) (all types)
Source: Assessment of Recycling Capacity for End Markets Serving Minnesota. Sure Green Inc
for the Minnesota Office otWasfe Management. June 1994.
ecycling Means Business
provides focus and guidance
for EPA's growing market
development activities. At the same
time, it serves as a "greenprint" to
help organize the market develop-
ment efforts of governments,
businesses, and nonprofit
organizations. As these efforts take
root and our economy moves toward
a greater use of recovered raw
materials, EPA will monitor Recycling
Means Business trends closely to
ensure its continuing effectiveness.
In particular. EPA will
continue to study the
market development
needs of the recycling
business community.
Soliciting feedback
will remain an
important part of the
process. In this way,
EPA can maintain the
collaborative spirit
under which this
strategy was drafted,
identify emerging
market development
issues, and design
new projects to meet
these challenges.
Other
-------
More Studies Link Recycling and Jobs
A series of studies examining the emerging recycling
industry has found that recycling is having a major impact
on job creation in local and state economies. For example,
in a recent report entitled California Recycling Means
California Jobs: A Library of Facts, the Californians Against
Waste Foundation reported that recycling businesses in the
state employ about 18,000 residents. Small business
manufacturers, who have entered the recycling market in
response to the state laws encouraging recycling and the
steady growth in recycling collections, are accounting for
much of this growth. The report also predicts a continu-
ation of this trend. About 45,000 recycling jobs are
expected by the year 2000, over 20,000 of which should
come from the manufacturing sector.
In Philadelphia, city planners decided to conduct a multi-
year study to gauge recycling's impact on the economy of
the metropolitan Philadelphia area. The city gathered
baseline data in 1991, finding that the potential existed for
665 jobs from recycling (based on the city's count of 35
companies that had started up, were intending to start up,
or had expanded since 1986). By 1992, the city found that
Recycling Employment in Washington State by Commodity:
Jobs Created Since 1989
Paper
1,300
Glass
-Other /-Plastic /-Compost/-Metal
410
2,050
Source: 1992 Survey by Clean Washington Center.
i
-------
25 of the 35 original companies were operating, providing
a total of 599 jobs—over 90 percent of the potential
maximum. Moreover, in 1992, businesses that had not
been in operation or were missed in 1991 generated 134
additional jobs for Philadelphia-area residents. All together.
the city found that 733 jobs had been created in
Philadelphia's recycling industry since 1986.
Number of Recycling Jobs in the Northeast, by State
40,893
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
Total number of recycling jobs
in the region: 103,413
L
4,261
0
CT DE ME MA NH N.I NY PA Rl VT
Source: Roy F Weston, 1994, tor the Northeast Recycling Council.
The North Carolina Office of Waste Reduction also found
that recycling is a major source of employment, according
to its report The Impact of Recycling on Jobs in North
Carolina. Recycling industries have created over 8,700 jobs
in North Carolina. And the study offers more important
evidence. Using its Recycling Jobs Model, the report found
that these kinds of job gains can far outnumber those jobs
lost in other industries. For every 100 recycling jobs
created, according to the report, just 10 jobs were lost in
the solid waste industry, and three jobs were lost in the
timber harvesting industry.
-------
Value Added by Recycling in Massachusetts*
Material
Value Added
by Processors
(in dollars)
Value Added
by Manufacturers
(in dollars)
Paper
Plastic
Glass
Metals
Compost
Subtotal
42,909,000
2,891,000
2,429,000
44,022,000
0
92,251,000
475,307,000
58,000
20,010,000
3,000
400,000
495,778,000
TOTAL VALUE ADDED
BY MANUFACTURING SECTORS:
$588,029,000
'Estimates do not include semiprecious or precious metals, auto scrap, mill
scrap portion of tonnage from nonrecycled materials, or value added after
manufacture (e.g., intellectual property, paperboard made into games, etc.).
No avoided disposal costs have been figured into this analysis.
Estimates provided by Massachusetts Department ot Environmental Protection, Division ot Solid Waste Management, Willa S. Kuh, Director.
Study by Robin Ingenthron, Recycling Director. July 1992.
-------
EPA Resource Centers
The following clearinghouses, dockets,
and hotlines stock up-to-date recycling
information.
Public Information Center (PIC)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Public Information Center (3404)
401 M Street, SW.
Washington, DC 20460
phone: 202 260-7751
fax: 202 260-6257
Serves as the primary point of contact between
EPA and the public. Refers calls and letters to
the appropriate sources for technical information,
and distributes a variety of general-interest items.
RCRA Information Center (RIC)
RCRA Information Center (RIC)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste (5305W)
401 M Street, SW.
Washington, DC 20460
phone: 202 260-9327
fax: 202 260-4937
Holds and provides public access to all
regulatory materials on solid waste and
distributes technical and nontechnical
information on solid waste.
RCRA/Superfund/OUST Hotline
RCRA/SF/OUST Hotline
1725 Jefferson Davis Highway
Arlington, VA 22202
phone: 800 424-9346 (outside
Washington, DC metropolitan area)
within Washington, DC: 703 412-9810
fax: 703 486-3333
Answers questions on matters related to solid
waste, hazardous waste, or underground
storage tanks. Also can be used to find and
order EPA publications.
Pollution Prevention Information
Clearinghouse (PPIC)
PPIC (3404)
401 M Street, SW.
Washington, DC 20460
phone: 202 260-1023
fax: 202 260-0178
Provides a library and an electronic bulletin
board /accessible by any PC equipped with a
modem) dedicated to information on pollution
prevention.
Environmental Financing
Information Network (EFIN)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EFIN (3304)
401 M Street, SW.
Washington, DC 20460
phone: 202 260-0420
fax: 202 260-0710
Provides an on-line computer database
containing abstracts of publications and a
network of public financing and environmental
program experts. Help using the database is
available.
Small Business Ombudsman
Clearinghouse/Hotline
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Small Business Ombudsman (1230C)
401 M Street, SW.
Washington, DC 20460
phone: 800 368-5888
fax: 703 305-6462
Helps private citizens, small businesses, and
smaller communities with questions on all
program aspects within EPA.
-------
Solid Waste Assistance Program
(SWAP)
SWANA
Solid Waste Assistance Program
Post Office Box 7219
Silver Spring, MD 20907
800 677-9424
Collects and distributes current municipal solid
waste information.
EPA Main Library
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Headquarters Library (3404)
401 M Street, SW. Room 2904
Washington, DC 20460
202 260-5921 or 5922
Maintains environmental reference materials for
EPA staff and the general public, including
books, journals, abstracts, newsletters,
newspapers, and audiovisual materials
generated by government agencies and the
private sector. Also provides access to on-line
computer services, bulletin boards, and CD-
ROM systems.
EPA Regional Offices
EPA's ten regional offices can offer
further information on recycling.
Region 1
Connecticut Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
JFK Building
One Congress Street
Boston, MA 02203
Library: 617 565-3298
Waste Management Division
Mail Code: HAA-CAN2
617 573-5700
Region 2
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands
Javitz Building
290 Broadway
New York, NY 10007
Library: 212 637-3010
Hazardous Waste and Solid Waste
Programs Branch
Mail Code: 2AWMD
212 637-4100
Region 3
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Library: 215 597-6633
Hazardous Waste Management
Division
Mail Code: 3HW53
215 597-8181
Region 4
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee
345 Courtland Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30365
Library: 404 347-4216
Waste Management Division
Mail Code: 4WD-RCRA
404 347-3454
-------
Region 5
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio,
Wisconsin
77 West Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
Library: 312 886-9906
Waste Management Division
Mail Code: HS-6J
312 886-7579
Region 6
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma,
Texas
First Interstate Bank Tower
1445 Ross Avenue, Suite 1200
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
Library: 214 665-6424
Hazardous Waste Management
Division
Mail Code: 6HHW
214 665-6701
Region 7
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
Library: 913 551-7358
Waste Management Division
Mail Code: SUPR
913 551-7050
Region 8
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
999 18th Street, Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202-2405
Hazardous Waste Management
Division
Mail Code: HWM-HW
303 293-1720
Region 9
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada,
American Samoa, Guam
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
Library: 415 744-1510
Hazardous Waste Management
Division
Mail Code: H-1
415 744-1730
Region 10
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
Library: 206 553-1289
Hazardous Waste Division
Mail Code: HW111
206 553-1296
Accessing This Document on the Internet
This document can be accessed on line
using one of several Internet pathways:
Through the World Wide Weh: Access the home page
at http//www.epa.gov. Select EPA Offices and
Regions. Recycling Means Business is under the
Office of Solid Waste directory.
Through Gopher: Access the EPA Public Access
Gopher at gopher.epa.gov. Select EPA Offices and
Regions. Recycling Means Business is under the
Office of Solid Waste directory.
Through FTP: Go to the ftp.epa.gov server. Login as
"anonymous" using your Internet address as the
password. Recycling Means Business is located in
/pub. All OSW files are in directories beginning with
"OSW."
This document is available at these sites as an Adobe
Acrobat file (an electronic version containing both
text and graphics).
-------
United States Solid Waste and EPA530-F-94-001
Environmental Protection Emergency Response June 1994
Agency (5305)
Recycling Means Business:
EPA's Market Development Strategy
The three chasing arrows of the recycling logo portray a seemingly simple
system. Materials are collected out of the waste stream for recycling. Next, they are
processed and used to make new products. Finally, the purchase of recycled products
closes the loop. Recycling, however, is much more complex than the symbol indicates.
At its core, recycling is about shifting to an environmentally-responsible manufacturing
economy that conserves natural resources, energy, and disposal capacity. For this shift
to take place, numerous barriers must be addressed. For example:
«• Recycling businesses often lack ready access to technology, marketing information, and business
development assistance. In addition, recycling businesses are often perceived as risky ventures by
financiers unfamiliar with the recycling industry.
» Many state and local government market development programs need mechanisms to coordinate
their activities, share information, and learn from each other's experiences.
» Government agencies and private sector entities often lack partnerships that would enable them to
work cooperatively to build markets.
>• Manufacturers and distributors of recycled products often find it difficult to gain access to
markets provided by large purchasers such as government agencies and large corporations.
>• Recycled products have not achieved widespread public acceptance due to a lack of performance
history and general public awareness.
Market Development, which is defined as the process of strengthening or expanding both
intermediate and end-uses of materials collected for reuse or recycling, can mitigate these barriers
while advancing other national goals of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, such as:
Harmonizing environmental protection with economic growth
Preventing pollution and conserving natural resources and energy
Enhancing the capacity of State, Tribal, and local government programs
Promoting public-private partnerships and building government alliances
Fostering technology development and transfer.
In this Strategy, EPA is adopting three equally important Market Development goals that will
guide the Agency's market development activities and leverage other resources outside EPA.
ReeyeteoVftocyclabki
Printed *fth Soy/Canol* Ink on pafmthai
contains at least 50% cast-consumer recycled III
-------
EPA's Market Development Goals
1) SUPPORT AND STRENGTHEN THE LINK BETWEEN INCREASED MARKET CAPACITY AND
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH.
Objectives: Stimulate interaction and coordination among the economic development,
financial, and recycling communities.
Promote the use of recycled feedstock by assisting recycling businesses.
Through leadership and advocacy, EPA can demonstrate that environmental protection and economic
prosperity are complementary pursuits. By implementing this goal, EPA will build bridges between the public
and private sectors, create and expand networks to provide processors and manufacturers with needed
assistance, and encourage them to use recycled feedstock.
2) LEVERAGE FEDERAL RESOURCES AND BUILD FEDERAL PARTNERSHIPS FOR MARKET
DEVELOPMENT.
Objectives: Maximize Federal purchases of recycled products.
Facilitate access to Federal information, research, and programs.
Mobilize Federal participation in market development.
Acting as a catalyst, EPA can demonstrate how Federal agencies can further their primary missions while
incorporating environmental protection goals. Achieving this goal will demonstrate how Federal agencies can
not only procure recycled products, but also participate in the strengthening of recycling infrastructure by
promoting resource efficient approaches and partnerships.
3) DEVELOP INFRASTRUCTURES THAT SUPPORT MARKETS FOR RECYCLABLES AND
RECYCLED PRODUCTS.
Objectives: Strengthen State, Tribal, and local government capabilities.
Foster the establishment and exchange of market development information.
Maximize public and private sector purchases of recycled products.
By helping to create, expand, and disseminate information about existing organizational infrastructures, EPA
can establish foundations for the activities of other groups. Through this goal, EPA will help improve
existing market development programs, provide opportunities for the exchange of information and lessons
learned, and promote increased procurement of recycled products by the public and private sectors.
These goals are the basis for EPA's internal market development Strategy which will direct EPA
activities in fiscal years 1995-1996 and beyond. I look forward to working with the public and private
sectors to implement this Strategy which will promote the development of mature recycling markets to
permanently "close the recycling loop."
Carol M. Browner
EPA Administrator
-------
s-a
-< 51
Z! CD
s %
CO
CD
CQ •
r-t -
O
p
O
o
IV)
O
0
CD CD
3£
CD CO
T3
O
O
D
CD
------- |