United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5305)
EPA530-N-94-003
Spring 1934
&EFA REUSABLE
NEWS
Managing
"Disaster Debris'
Turning Wreckage
into a Resource
.st-rp^a-.
atural disasters can pro-
duce immense quantities
I of municipal solid waste.
aste is often hastily burned
"""'» - • -."fc' . v ••" '
led so that
rebuilt with all possible
Id. Butln ttiie wake of recent
tural disasters, such as the earth-
ake in Los Angeles, floods in the
. iuuc1, : s'^SBEJSsjWMfcEmai!:.. :s , -•. .SB, T,& - •*£./ • • •• ••.
i/est, and hurricanes m Hawaii
d Florida, waste managers and
•..-.!.'! fe'('''*•''».<.•.*?'• JJIfflt'-'-. . "' SB,- ." : ;:t' .-. -?•''•
jcal officials have round better
A/ays to manage disaster debris. By
adhering to preferred waste .man-™'
gement techniques such as waste
i:^'"!!--;i» . ' """j -•'*£• -'- ";m" :,; -';^' •;".; " ?&• - .^^j.^ffe^^
revehtion and recycling, even dur-
g».^te-T*-- *. -,,-j* •':-»-,,-.'wi'T.^- •.-•••»»,• --• K,:=JI
ginlijdisaster cleanup, communities
pcajfj saye years*of landfill capacity!"
ftlWamoMnt of hazardous ma^eri-j
||lsejnter|ng the waste stream.
-H .
IN THIS ISSUE
Managing Disaster Debris • Jobs Through
Recycling • Landfill Permitting Programs
• Market for OCC « WasteWi$e Update
• Painting Recycled • Media Buying-
Recycled Campaign • NYC Prevents Waste
0 Waste-Less in Seattle • Degradable
Ring Rule • New OSW Director
Jobs Through Recycling
Linking Economic and Environmental Priorities
EPA has launched a comprehensive program to support increased growth
of the recycling industry. The Jobs Through Recycling Initiative is a $2.7
million grant program aimed at increasing the use of collected materials
by creating markets for those materials, stimulating economic development,
and fostering the creation of new jobs in recycling industries. The initiative
will create two business recycling assistance programs and a recycling
technology information network.
The fobs Through Recycling Initiative increases the capacity of selected
state and tribal governments to provide technical and business assistance to
recycling enterprises. EPA will fund selected states and tribes to establish
four Recycling and Reuse Business Assistance Centers (RBACs) and 10
Recycling Economic Development Advocate (REDA) positions.
State or tribal RBACs will provide technical, business, financing, and
marketing assistance to existing and new recycling enterprises, such as
materials processors and recycled product manufacturers. Each RBAC •will
focus the efforts of all
state or tribal agencies re-
sponsible for economic
development, solid waste
management, and em-
ployment to ensure that
assistance and resources
are applied to recycling
business development. For
example, a RBAC could
help a fledgling processing
facility design a feasibility
study, research the best
available technology, ob-
tain financing, or market its
commodity to end users.
Through the second
component of the Jobs
Through Recycling Initia-
tive, EPA will fund the
economic development
agencies of selected states
and tribes to hire REDAs.
Using the resources and
(Continued on page 12)
The Social and Economic
Benefits of Recycling
In addition to reducing the amount of
waste requiring disposal, our nation's ex-
panding recycling programs create new
business opportunities for collecting, proc-
essing, and using recyclables in the
manufacture of products. Growth in the re-
cycling industry also creates new job
opportunities, ranging from low- and semi-
skilled jobs in material sorting and
processing to highly skilled jobs in the manu-
facturing sector and related fields. Building
~new processing and manufacturing plants
creates jobs for construction workers, equip-
ment suppliers, transportation companies,
'planners, and consultants. In urban areas,
where large quantities of recyclables are gen-
erated, cities can supply both materials and
labor to new recycling facilities, thereby ad-
dressing unemployment and solid waste
problems simultaneously.
Reusable News is printed with soy/canola ink on paper that contains at least 50 percent recycled fiber.
-------
Managing
"Disaster
Debris"
Turning
Wreckage
into a
Resource
(Continued from page 1)
L.A. Rocks, Rolls,
Reduces, and Recycles
When an earthquake shook Los Angeles
in January, the city already had a
successful disaster debris cleanup
under its belt. In 1992, the city recy-
cled 80 percent of the construction and demolition
(C&D) debris from buildings that had to be torn
doxvn after the L.A. civil disturbances. Relying on
this experience and a strong waste management in-
frastructure, L.A. is currently recycling and
reducing earthquake rubble in three major ways:
• Information dissemination. Only two days af-
ter the quake, the city made certain that the
over 2,700 private contractors expected to help
in cleanup efforts had the information they
needed to access C&D recyclers. In addition,
L.A. instructed its own haulers on how to de-
liver sorted earthquake C&D materials to recy-
clers whenever possible.
• Materials recovery. L.A. requires residents to
separate and sort their earthquake debris for recy-
cling collection. But not every citizen has been
able to sort while cleaning up, and some unsorted
recydables are therefore ending up in landfills.
For this reason, one L.A. neighborhood is collect-
ing unsorted debris and then relying on a special-
ized materials recovery facility to perform the
necessary separation. This effort is proving to be
both efficient and cost-effective .
• Materials exchange. The city of L.A. hired com-
munity groups to sort, clean, and stack bricks
that otherwise might not have been recovered.
The organizations receive a small fee from the
city, as well as the chance to use the bricks in
their own projects.
Illinois Processes Floods
of Waste
early a year after floods washed *
through their communities, residents
of western Illinois are still clearing de-
bris from their properties. To help
insure the proper management of this waste, the
Illinois EPA and the Illinois Department of Trans-
portation set up 10 flood waste processing
centers. At the centers, residents separate items
containing potentially hazardous components
(including large appliances or "white goods," bat-
teries, and paint cans) from brush, household
goods, and other materials. Michael Nechvatal
of the Illinois EPA points out that this degree of
resident cooperation is remarkable: "It's pretty
hard to sort your garbage when you're still trying
to sort out your life." The materials collected at
the centers are either recycled or disposed of in a
hazardous waste facility. As of January 1994,
approximately 900 tons of white goods and the
equivalent of 220 fifty-five gallon oil drums of
hazardous waste have been diverted from mu-
nicipal landfills. A large shredder reduces the
volume of the remaining debris before it is dis-
posed of in landfills.
-------
Hurricane Andrew left
Dade County, Florida; with
70 years' worth of waste.
Hurricane Produces a
Whirlwind of Recyclables
fter Hurricane Iniki ripped across the
Hawaiian island of Kauai, residents em-
barked on an ambitious program to
^recycle 55 percent of the storm's de-
bris. Their success at recovering resources from
the hurricane has been called a "national model"
for emergency cleanups. Kauai's efforts started
with an aggressive program to collect separated
hurricane debris at receiving sites and at curb-
side. Government agencies and local contractors
then sorted and recycled the debris. They sent
4,000 tons of scrap metal from roofs and appli-
ances to Asian markets and composted over
60,000 tons of green waste (trees, shrubs, and
leaves). Dale Burton, solid waste coordinator for
Kauai, calls these recycling arrangements "triple
wins" because they benefit municipal waste man-
agement efforts, private recycling contractors,
and recovered materials markets. The island
also plans to process 225,000 tons of C&D debris
into "biofuel," some of which will be used to
power boilers of a sugar processing plant.
Recycling Programs Meet
Andrew's Challenge
urricane Andrew, which hit Florida's
Dade County in August 1992, gives
some idea of the enormous solid waste
management challenges that natural
disasters can create. More than six million tons
of "hurricane debris" were collected in Dade
County—equal to the amount of municipal solid
waste that the county would collect over a
10-year span. To manage all this material, county
officials tapped into existing recycling and com-
posting programs. The County mulched over
500,000 tons of wood waste. Local farmers and
residents are using the mulch to replace topsoil
stripped away by hurricane winds and to land-
scape homes and parks throughout the
storm-damaged community. The County also
separated and recycled metals, white goods, and
construction and demolition materials, and initi-
ated quick-response recycling programs for
specific materials generated after the storm.
Because battery usage increased dramatically
when homes lost power, the County expanded
its household battery collection program. And
because the community had to rely on bottled
water after the storm, officials collected for
recycling more than 17 tons of plastic water jugs
at emergency distribution centers. U
Kauai has been called
a "national model" for
its success at recover-
ing resources after
Hurricane Iniki.
-------
EPA Speeds
Approvals of
Landfill
Permitting
Programs
State, territory, and tribal offi-
cials are diligently working
with EPA to gain speedy ap-
provals of their permit programs for
municipal solid waste (MSW) land-
fills. According to Henry Ferland of
EPA, "the numbers speak for them-
selves." Thirty-three states have
already received final approvals,
and EPA is currently making its
final determination on applications
from six additional states and terri-
tories. Two Native American tribes
have submitted final applications to
date, and one of these applications
received proposed approval. EPA
anticipates that 18 additional tribes
might apply.
EPA's regional offices approve
landfill permit programs after deter-
mining that they are adequate to
ensure facility compliance with the
1991 federal MSW landfill criteria.
The high level of interaction among
staff in EPAheadquarters, EPAregional
offices, and the states throughout the
approval process demonstrates a
firm commitment to ensuring that
the nation's landfills comply with
the federal criteria.
Key to the success of the approval
process has been the workings of a
regional-headquarters team. The
team coordinated EPA's efforts in de-
veloping a process that would be
both consistent and flexible. State
officials appreciate the program's
flexibility, which allows them to im-
plement the new regulations with
minimum disruption to existing
programs. A pilot program that ran
in California, Connecticut, Virginia,
and Wisconsin also contributed to
the success. These states pioneered
the process, easing implementation
for the rest of the nation.
EPA's draft State/Tribal Imple-
mentation Rule (STIR) is being used
to guide states and tribes as they
prepare landfill permit program ap-
plications. It describes the elements
of an adequate permit program and
the procedures EPA uses in review-
ing applications. In this way, states
and tribes understand upfront what
their applications need to address. The
STIR, which also addresses program
revision procedures, will be proposed
this summer when an opportunity for
public comment will be provided.
For more information, contact Henry
Ferland of EPA at 202 260-3384.1
Approval Status of Landfill Permitting Programs
Approved Programs (33)
Proposed Approval Published in Federal Register (7)*
Applications Received (13)
PUERTO
RICO
Current as of May 4, 1994
: Includes the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe
-------
Southwest
Cities Secure
Market for OCC
The Southwest Public Recycling Association (SPRA)
and McKinley Paper Co. have signed a five-year
cooperative marketing agreement for old corrugated
containers (OCC), commonly referred to as "cardboard."
Under the agreement, recycling programs throughout
the Southwest can sell the OCC they collect to McKinley.
The paper company will use the OCC as a raw material
in manufacturing linerboard at its new mill in New
Mexico. (Linerboard forms the inner and outer walls of
a corrugated box.) Gary Olson, executive director of
SPRA, describes the part his organization will play in the
agreement as "making the people who are already gen-
erating cardboard aware of a great market opportunity,
while at the same time encouraging those in the process
of starting recycling by letting them know there is such
a strong market for the cardboard generated."
SPRA is a nonprofit organization comprising cities,
counties, Native American tribes, businesses, govern-
ment agencies, public institutions, and other
organizations. By working together and providing recy-
cling companies with a large, steady supply of materials,
these groups are able to create stable markets for their
recyclables. The Southwest particularly benefits from
this type of group effort since the large distances be-
tween cities can drive up transportation costs. SPRA
members can coordinate transportation and divide the
costs, saving money in much the same way carpooling
saves individuals money.
The agreement with McKinley Paper really demon-
strates that SPRA is helping its members. In fact,
McKinley Vice President Jeff Murphy credits the exist-
ence of SPRA as one of , -•- •--— - ^
the principal reasons the
company located in the
heart of the Southwest.
SPRA's cardboard
agreement is one of sev-
eral contracts SPRA has
negotiated with the pri-
vate sector. Steel cans
and glass bottles and jars
are also sold through co-
operative marketing
agreements.
For more information,
contact Gary Olson of
SPRA at 602 791-4069.1
WASTE
WkE
E!
'PA's WasteWise pro-
gram is up and
irunning. Thanks to an
enthusiastic response from
a diverse range of compa-
nies, WasteWise has already
grown to nearly 150 mem-
bers, including companies
in consumer products,
electronics, textiles, trans-
portation, banking and
lciTutnities7and retailing. Through this partnership
rog*faim, leading businesses are committing to imple-
,three, significant waste prevention activities,
Siftc! or improve programs to collect recyclables, and
seT purchasing of recycled products. Participating
RlfiufaqlujrJJrs can also choose to use increased
|tfjA|!hi£ptpostconsumer materials in their products.
supporting" these efforts by providing technical
fjstancelmd recognition of WasteWi$e members and
jejr,si|££essful programs. Reusable News will use this
^fjtfrjnjtp publicize WasteWise participants' accomplish-
*"' and to answer frequently asked questions about
iie~procjram. To join WasteW!$e or to obtain detailed
ation, call 800 EPAWISE (800 372-9473).
i.,^,., *T t""" ""
/asteWi$e Questions & Answers
^*2S?5* "• -
Ijjestton:" What types of waste are included under the
ye "of theWasteWi$e program?
|5svvertlVasteWi$e includes actions to reduce munid-
solid waste. Generally, that means materials that
[otherwise end upTin a company's trash dumpster
hits customers' dumpster. The program does not
rreatly^pver actions to reduce industrial, liquid, or
jvaste, nor does it incfude internal recycling
.materials within a manufacturing process.
^uiesjignjjIW]/ company has a great waste reduction
"Hfii*. We recycle everything we can and are start-
"iftgJo buy~recycled products. What else can we do?
i|w,e^^orfectirig"recyclafales is an important way to
thrown out. Buying products with
icycIecFcontent ensures that the recyclables that we
illectLget used again. More and more companies are
ithluirasjicalTy collecting recyclables and buying recy-
Hgd-content products. But, while these activities are
important, they do not prevent waste from being
in the first place. An important focus of
rajsteWiseJs cutting waste at the source. This can be
jaoSSffipHshed through many actions, including purchas-
..._fT««rr^Ti,rr -n reusa|3ie containers, redesigning
Jroduct£ or packages to use less material, reducing
fpaper use through electronic communication, copying
Asides of a page, and using two-way billing
-fqpes. Don't miss out on these kinds of untapped
jbrturTities! Such actions can often help your com-
I
hieveTilgcost savings by reducing purchasing
dis.posai costs.]
-------
Federal
Agencies
Can Paint
the Town
Recycled
For the first time, recycled-content
latex paint is available for use on
government buildings, thanks to
a unique cooperative effort initiated
by the U.S. General Services Admini-
stration's (GSAs) Federal Supply
Service (FSS) in San Francisco. A
partnership among FSS, Marin
County, California, the State of Cali-
fornia, and Major Paint Company of
Tbrrance, California (a subsidiary of
Standard Brands Paints), resulted in
the development of this new latex
paint.
The product contains an average
of 12-percent postconsumer paint
derived primarily from leftover
paint that has been collected from
homeowners through county-run
household hazardous waste pro-
grams. It also contains paint from
some California retailers who are
collecting leftover paint brought in
by their customers. Not only is the
paint made with recycled content,
but it also has received
excellent performance
ratings based on GSA
laboratory tests. Addi-
tionally, the paint is
priced at approximately
half the cost of its virgin
counterpart.
In the past, recovered mmm"^^—
paint was usually mixed
to produce a brown or grey color that
had limited uses. This new line of
recycled paint is one of the first to
be made in several distinct colors
that are consistent from batch to
The paint is
priced at
approximately
half the cost of
its virgin
counterpart.
batch. Color consistency, which pre-
viously had been difficult to achieve
with postconsumer recovered mate-
rials, is made possible by separating
^^^ collected used paint into light
and dark colors. While not
available in every possible
color, users find that a small
compromise on matching ex-
isting paint is more than
offset by substantial cost sav-
ings and the positive
__^_ environmental benefits of us-
ing this product.
The U.S. Navy and Air Force,
agencies of the Department of the
Interior, the U.S. Forest Service, and
several embassies overseas are suc-
cessfully using recycled latex paint.
GSA is encouraging federal agen-
cies worldwide to specify its use
in building maintenance con-
tracts or to supply the paint
directly to contractors. GSA be-
lieves that more agencies will
switch to it once the word reaches
facilities managers, maintenance
personnel, and contractors. To as-
sist in the procurement and use of
this item, GSA has recently estab-
lished a federal specification for
recycled latex paint and is work-
ing to expand its sources for this
new recycled product.
For more information on GSAs re-
cycled latex paint, contact Barbara
K. Wilson of GSA at 415 744-5399.1
Remember: If you are not buying recycled, you are not recycling!
-------
EPA530-N-94-003a
MSW Publications
The following publications are available at no charge from
the EPA RCRA/Superfund Hotline at 800 424-9346.
530-S-92-019
530/SW-89-072
530-F-94-009
530-F-92-024
530-C-93-001a
530-C-93-001b
530/SW-89-051a
530-K-93-002
530/SW-90-019
530/SW-90-020
530/SW-89-019
530-K-92-002
530-R-92-015
Characterization of Municipal Solid
Waste in the United States: 1992
Update; Executive Summary
Decision-Makers Guide to Solid Waste
Management
Environmental Fact Sheet: EPA Sets
Degradability Standards for Plastic Ring
Carriers
Green Advertising Claims (Brochure)
MSW Factbook (3-1/2" diskette)
MSW Factbook (5-3/4" diskette)
Report to Congress: Methods to Manage
and Control Plastic Wastes; Executive
Summary
Reporting on Municipal Solid Waste: A
Local Issue
Sites for Our Solid Waste: A Guidebook
for Public Involvement
Siting Our Solid Waste: Making Public
Involvement Work (Brochure)
Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for
Action
Solid Waste Resource Guide for Native
Americans: Where to Find Funding and
Technical Assistance
Waste Prevention, Recycling, and
Composting Options: Lessons from 30
Communities
530-K-92-003
530-K-92-004
530/SW-89-015C
530-S-92-013
530-F-92-016
530-F-92-012
530-R-94-004
The Consumer's Handbook for Reducing
Solid Waste
A Business Guide for Reducing Solid
Waste
Characterization of Products Containing
Lead and Cadmium in Municipal Solid
Waste in the United States, 1970 to
2000; Executive Summary
Characterization of Products Containing
Mercury in Municipal Solid Waste in
the United States, 1970 to 2000;
Executive Summary
Environmental Fact Sheet: Municipal
Solid Waste Prevention in Federal
Agencies
Environmental Fact Sheet: Recycling
Grass Clippings
Pay as You Throw: Lessons Learned
About Unit Pricing
530/SW-91-005
530/SW-90-084a
530-F-93-008
530-K-92-005
530-F-93-018
530-F-94-006
530-F-94-003
530-F-94-002
Unit Pricing: Providing an Incentive to
Reduce Waste (Brochure)
Variable Rates in Solid Waste:
Handbook for Solid Waste Officials;
Executive Summary
Waste Prevention: It Makes Good
Business Sense (Brochure)
Waste Prevention Pays Off: Companies
Cut Waste in the Workplace
WasteWi$e: EPAs Voluntary Program for
Reducing Business Solid Waste
WasteWi$e Tip Sheet: Facility Waste
Assessments
WasteWi$e Tip Sheet: Waste Prevention
WasteWi$e Tip Sheet: WasteWi$e
Program Road Map
530/SW-91-024
530/SW-91-009
530-F-92-014
530-F-94-007
530/SW-91-011
530-F-92-003
530-H-92-001
530/SW-90-082
530/SW-89-014
530-R-93-011
530/SW-90-073b
530/SW-90-072b
530/SW-90-071b
530/SW-90-074b
530-K-92-006
530-F-94-005
530-F-94-004
Environmental Fact Sheet: Recycling
Municipal Solid Waste: Facts and
Figures
Environmental Fact Sheet: Yard Waste
Composting
Federal Recycling Program (Brochure)
How to Start or Expand a Recycling
Collection Program (Fact Sheet)
Procurement Guidelines for Government
Agencies
Recycle: You Can Make a Ton of
Difference (Brochure)
Recycle: You Can Make a Ton of
Difference (Poster)
Recycling in Federal Agencies (Brochure)
Recycling Works! State and Local
Success Stories
Report to Congress: A Study of the Use
of Recycled Paving Materials
Summary of Markets for Compost
Summary of Markets for Recovered
Aluminum
Summary of Markets for Recovered Glass
Summary of Markets for Scrap Tires
Used Dry Cell Batteries: Is a Collection
Program Right for Your Community?
WasteWi$e Tip Sheet: Buying or
Manufacturing Recycled Products
WasteWi$e Tip Sheet: Recycling
Collection
530-R-92-026 Household Hazardous Waste
Management: A Manual for One-Day
Community Collection Programs
530-F-92-031 Household Hazardous Waste: Steps to
Safe Management (Brochure)
-------
530/SW-90-029b
Characterization of Municipal Waste
Combustion Ash, Ash Extracts, and
Leachates; Executive Summary
530/SW-91-089
530-F-93-024
530/SW-91-092
530-2-93-012
OSWFR91004
Criteria for Solid Waste Disposal
Facilities; A Guide for Owners/Operators
Environmental Fact Sheet: Some
Deadlines in Federal Landfill
Regulations Extended; Extra Time
Provided to Landfills in Midwest Flood
Regions
Safer Disposal for Solid Waste; The
Federal Regulation for Landfills
Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria;
Delay of Effective Date; Final Rule;
October 1, 1993 (includes correction
published October 14, 1993)
Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria;
Final Rule; October 9,1991
530-F-94-008
530/SW-89-Q39a
530/SW-89-039d
530/SW-89-039b
Collecting Used Oil for Recycling/Reuse:
Tips for Consumers Who Change Then-
Own Motor Oil and Oil Filters
(Brochure)
How to Set Up a Local Program to
Recycle Used Oil
Recycling Used Oil: For Service Stations
and Other Vehicle-Service Faculties
(Brochure)
Recycling Used Oil: What Can You Do?
(Brochure)
'" 1^3'S;' rifefP *&^'&f*%&S&itr
Educational Maieri Ifc
530/SW-90-024
530/SW-90-005
530/SW-90-025
530/SW-90-010
530/SW-90-023
Adventures of the Garbage Gremlin:
Recycle and Combat a Life of Grime
(Comic Book)
Let's Reduce and Recycle: A
Curriculum for Solid Waste Awareness
Recycle Today: Educational Materials
for Grades K-12 (Brochure)
Ride the Wave of the Future: Recycle
Today! (Poster)
School Recycling Programs: A
Handbook for Educators
(Ecee subscriptions and back issues are available by calling
the EPA RCRA/Superfund Hotline at 800 424-9346.)
Native American Network
Reusable News
The following publications are available for a fee from
the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Call
703 487-4650 for price and ordering information.
PB89-220 578 Analysis of U.S. Municipal Waste
Combustion Operating Practices
PB92-207 166 Characterization of Municipal Solid
Waste in the United States: 1992 Update
PB91-111 484 Charging Households for Waste
Collection and Disposal: The Effects of
Weight- or Volume-Based Pricing on
Solid Waste Management
PB94-163-250 Composting Yard Trimmings and
Municipal Solid Waste
PB94-136 710 List of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
PB94-100 138 Markets for Compost
PB93-170 132 Markets for Recovered Aluminum
PB93-169 845 Markets for Recovered Glass
PB92-115 252 Markets for Scrap Tires
PB87-206 074 Municipal Waste Combustion Study:
Report to Congress
PB90-199431 Office Paper Recycling: An
Implementation Manual
PB92-162 551 Preliminary Use and Substitutes
Analysis of Lead and Cadmium in
Products in Municipal Solid Waste
PB90-163 122 Promoting Source Reduction and
Recyclabttity in the Marketplace
PB92-100 841 Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Final
Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste
Landfills
PB92-100 858 Addendum for the Regulatory Impact
Analysis for the Final Criteria for
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
PB88-251 137 Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for
Action; Background Document
PB88-251 14!> Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for
Action; Background Document;
Appendices
PB94-100 450 Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria;
40 CFR Part 258: Technical Manual
PB92-119 965: States' Efforts to Promote Lead-Acid
Battery Recycling
PB90-272 063 Variable Rates in Solid Waste:
Handbook for Solid Waste Officials
PB90-163 114. Yard Waste Composting: A Study of
Eight Programs
-------
Media Campaign Promotes
Buying Recycled
onsumers all across America are
getting the "buy recycled" message
like never before. The Environ-
mental Defense Fund (EDF), with support
from EPA and many states, has launched
a new advertising campaign on the im-
portance of buying recycled products and
packaging. During the next two years,
television, radio, newspaper, and maga-
zine advertisements will encourage con-
sumers to look for and buy products
made from recycled materials. The ads
invite people to call EDF's hotline to re-
ceive a free brochure that explains how
important buying recycled products and
packaging is to the overall success of recy-
cling programs.
This is EDF's third recycling aware-
ness effort within the past five years.
BUY RECYCLED-
Previous campaigns used the familiar mes-
sages, "If You're Not Recycling, You're
Throwing It All Away" and "Recycle. It's
the Everyday Way to Save the World."
EDF's educational program has evolved, as
recycling has matured, from an initial fo-
cus on collection to the current emphasis
on buying recycled products as a way to
stimulate markets for recovered materials,
thereby "closing the recycling loop."
EDF has been measuring the effective-
ness of its public education efforts.
Through February 1994, the organiza-
tion's recycling hotline had received
235,000 calls. EDF's recycling ads have
attracted over $115 million in donated
media exposure through the end of 1992,
and this new campaign is expected to be
just as popular with both consumers and
the media.
EPA has been the single largest con-
tributor to this campaign, providing
funding to cover some of the costs for
producing the advertisements and for
distributing them to media outlets across
America. The McCann-Erickson adver-
tising agency donated its services to
create the campaign. The Ad Council, a
nonprofit organization that encourages
public service advertising, contributed
its public service marketing expertise.
The Ad Council's endorsement has
helped to increase the campaign's expo-
sure in the media.
For a copy of a free brochure on buying
recycled products, call EDF's recycling
hotline at 800 CALL-EDF (800 225-5333).!
-------
New Yorkers Are
The city that has long
been considered the
center of the Ameri-
can meltingpotis currently
cooking up a diverse mixture of
waste prevention actions. Around
the Big Apple, large and small gro-
cers are packing food in single bags
or reusing bags returned by custom-
ers. Numerous Chinese take-out
restaurants are urging patrons to
limit their consumption of dispos-
able chopsticks, forks, and soy
sauce packets. Several hotels have
replaced disposable miniature
shampoo bottles with reusable dis-
pensers. And many dry cleaners are
accepting clothes hangers for reuse,
reducing their own annual purchas-
ing costs while keeping some of the
750,000 clothes hangers handed out
in New York City each year from
going to landfills.
These actions are just some of the
ingredients in the New York City
Partnership For Waste Prevention's
recipe for success. The partnership
is a cooperative effort involving lo-
cal merchants and New York's
Department of Sanitation that is mak-
ing a dent in the city's waste stream
while saving business and taxpayer
dollars. In return for their commit-
ment to preventing waste, Partners
Waking Up in the City
That Prevents Waste
For Waste Prevention receive public-
ity, hands-on technical assistance,
and public education materials from
the Department of Sanitation's Bu-
reau of Waste Prevention, Reuse, and
Recycling.
The Partnership is built primarily
out of trade associations and, there-
fore, can access networks, resources,
and contacts that influence a great
number of individual businesses.
The four groups that first joined the
partnership in 1991—the Neighbor-
hood Cleaners Association, the New
York State Food Merchants Associa-
tion, D'Agostino Supermarkets, and
the Direct Marketing Association—
represent over 15,000 businesses.
These organizations were followed
by the Chinese American Restaurant
Association of Greater New York, the
New York City Hotel Association,
and NYNEX Information Resources
Company. Additional partners will
be added soon.
Each member of the Partnership
prevents waste in its own way. For
example, NYNEX, the corporation
that publishes phone books for the
New York metropolitan
area, changed the format of
its Manhattan white pages
and cut the length of the di-
rectory by over 100 pages. NYNEX
saved costs on over one million
phone books and prevented 107
tons of paper from entering New
York City's waste stream.
The Bureau attributes its success
stories to the close working relation-
ships it builds with members of the
Partnership and their constituents.
"The program is at its best when we
get close to the partners and really
interact," says Dave Kleckner, direc-
tor of waste prevention programs for
the Bureau. "Our most substantive
results come from gaining specific
(Continued on page 11)
-------
Waste-Less in Seattle
Washington Retailers Reduce Packaging
You can't judge a book by its
cover, but you can judge the
book's cover—and the bag in
which the book is sold. While pack-
aging serves many useful purposes,
some businesses are finding that
certain types of packaging are un-
necessary.
To reduce packaging waste, 41 re-
tailers representing over 760 stores
in the state of Washington have en-
dorsed the Preferred Packaging
Procurement Guidelines. Drawn up
by the Washington Retail Associa-
tion with funding from EPA and
other sources, the guidelines consist
of goals, priorities, and tips that re-
tailers can voluntarily follow to
reduce packaging waste and encour-
age recycling.
The guidelines challenge retail-
ers to achieve a number of targeted
goals. One of the goals encourages
retailers to reduce all packaging by
25 percent within 48 months.
Another asks businesses to use cor-
rugated cardboard with 40 percent
recycled content within 24 months
and 50-percent recycled content
within 48 months. The recycled
content should include as much
postconsumer material as possible.
The guidelines also provide a set of
waste reduction priorities to which
retailers can refer when pursuing
their individual reduction and recy-
cling goals. The first priority is to
eliminate packaging whenever possi-
ble. If packaging cannot be eliminated,
retailers should then minimize the
material used. As a third priority, pack-
ing material or packages should be
reused. And fourth, retailers should
design packages that can be conven-
iently recycled and/or that contain
recycled content.
,_r _t sible,eliminate \
lie packaging altogether. '
uideline 2: Minimize ,
Lorjfhose products that must ^
©packaged, minimize the
amount of material that is
packaging. j
Sign packages that are
hef consumable, refillable^
Recyclable/Recycled
g^^C6ntent;;;;";:-:;. .
jpcluqe packages that are
^^tfable ancl/pr contain
P3"^rgrycled content.
Over the past two years, many
retailers have made impressive
strides in implementing the guide-
lines. Storman's, a Seattle-area
grocer, eliminated packaging by
serving food samples on edible
crackers instead of disposable nap-
kins or forks. Associated Grocers,
Inc., worked with suppliers to mini-
mize the plastic in its cooking oil
bottles, eliminating over 6,400
pounds of polyethylene terephtha-
late (PET). Helen's Hallmark reuses
the packaging peanuts it receives
from suppliers and even donates the
extras to Mailboxes, Etc., for reuse
in mailed packages. (About ten 34-
gallon bags of peanuts are donated
each month.) A large national retailer,
Nordstrom's, Inc., simultaneously in-
creased the recycled content in its
shopping bags and made its bags eas-
ier to recycle by replacing plastic
handles with paper ones. (Products
made out of a single type of material,
such as Nordstrom's new all-paper
bags, are usually easier for recyclers
to process.)
Finally, the guidelines offer prac-
tical technical assistance, including
a set of tips on reducing packaging
waste, a checklist for conducting an
in-house packaging analysis, and
other tools that retailers can use to
work with suppliers to reduce pack-
aging. The guidelines are designed
to be flexible so that retailers can
use their own ideas and timelines
for implementing strategies.
For more information on the
Preferred Packaging Procurement
Guidelines, write Patty Schwegman of
the Washington Retail Association,
618 South Quince, Suite A, PO. Box
2227, Olympia, WA 98507, or call
her at 206 943-9198.1
-------
RESOURCES
I
»
Crafting a Materials Exchange for the Arts
Thanks to a recent guide published by New York's Mate-
rials for the Arts and EPA Region 2 (New Jersey, New
York, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands), the next
Mona Lisa could be painted on scrap fabric donated by a
textile factory to a budding Leonardo Da Vinci. The publica-
tion, entitled Starting a Materials Donation Program: A Step-
by-Step Guide, leads readers through the process of
launching a materials exchange, which is a program that
matches _donation_s of un-
I tTneeded^materials and goods to
artists or nonprofit organiza-
tions that can use them. Mate-
rials exchanges not only
benefit worthy causes, but also
prevent usable items from join-
materials for the arts
I .
^Ling the waste stream.
tss-.wBtt. guide draws on Materi-
als for the Arts' 15 years of
success as a materials exchange. It presents tactics for solic-
iting in-kind donations, raising funds from government and
private sources, and marketing materials to artists and oth-
ers. The guide also offers useful tools for starting and
organizing a materials exchange, such as sample donation
requests, thank-you letters, and warehouse rules. Materials
for the Arts is jointly funded by the City of New York
Department of Cultural Affairs and Department of Sanitation, Bureaiu of Waste Prevention, Reuse and Recycling.
To order a free copy of this guide, contact Materials for the Arts, 410 West 16th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY
10011, or call 212 255-5924.
•THE LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS
Garbaae A to Z
GARBAGE
PRIMER
»
sed about solid waste? Don't know what exactly a leachate
collection system collects? Need ideas on how your commu-
nity might improve markets for recyclables? Then The Gar-
bage Primer, a guidebook on solid waste produced by the League of
Women Voters for citizens and local officials, can help. Developed
with funding from EPA,, the primer covers the economics, politics,
MSSjJiSiil^^ options, including
source reductioi^recyciEmgTconT^ostuig, incineration, and landfill-'
ing. The primer also discusses the challenges posed by managing
special wastes, such as motor oil, and ways that citizens can get
involved in solid waste management. By clarifying the issues and
facts surrounding solid waste, this book encourages readers to
"readily understand and influence municipal solid waste issues and
policies." The Garbage Primer, which costs $12.95, is available in
bookstores and from the League of Women Voters of the United
States, 1730 M StreerNW, Washington, DC 20036, or call 202
429-1965 and ask for Publication Number 954.
10
-------
Public Meeting
for Small Landfills
EPA is holding a series of public.meet-
ings on alternatives for ground-
water monitoring at small* dry, and
remote municipal solid waste landfills.
Anyone involved with municipal solid
waste management is invited to attend-
especially owners/operators of small
landfills in remote communities. Waste
management specialists and repre-
sentatives of state and local governments,
environmental groups, and public inter-
est organizations may attend the meet-
ings, present a statement, and/or submit
written information to the Agency. Meet-
ings will be held: (1) June 8 in Salt Lake
City, Utah; (2) June 10 in Anchorage,
Alaska; (3) June 14 in Midland, Texas; and
(4) June 28 in Washington, D.C. at EPA.
For more information or to preregis-
ter for any of the meetings, please call
the EPA Alternatives to Ground-Water
Monitoring Hotline at 800 230-3546.
Consumer
Education Video
Released
To improve consumer education
about how purchasing choices
can affect the environment, the
University of Illinois Cooperative Ex-
tension Service has released a one-hour
video for educators and consumer
groups. Entitled Making Choices with
the Environment in Mind, the video
covers general principles of environ-
mental education, as well as facts about
packaging that can help consumers
make informed choices.
To purchase or preview this vide-
otape, send a check (payable to the
University of Illinois) to Brenda Cude,
Environmental Shopping, University of
Illinois, 271 Bevier Hall, 905 S. Good-
win Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801. The
cost to preview the video is $10, which
can be applied to the purchase price
.of $20. An accompanying curriculum
is available for an additional $3.0.
Now Available
The Solid Waste Association of; j
;North America (SWANA), un- :i
der an EPA grant, recently pub-
lished a report entitled Coizsfrucfz'ojti
Waste and Demolition Debris Recy- \
cling—A Primer. It provides infor-
mation to communities and to the ;
private sector on planning and im-
plementing recycling programs for :
construction and demolition debris; ;
known as "G&D waste." The report :
describes federal and state: C&D j
regulations, presents generation
data, and discusses the factors that,
influence generation rates. It also ;;
identifies the types of materials gen- •'"'.,
erated and provides information on j
market opportunities for these re- ;
covered C&D materials. In addition,
the report describes available C&D i
waste processing systems and pro- ;;
vides estimates of their costs. Three :
case studies also are presented. This
report is available from SWANA at a i
costof $35 to SWANA members and i
$50 to nonmembers.For more in- .
formation or to order the report,
write to SWANA at RO. Box 7219,
Silver Spring, MD 20907, or call 301
585-2898.
I Construction Waste
|& Demolition Debris
I Recycling... A Primer
L
New Yorkers Are
Waking Up in the
City That Prevents
Waste
(Continued from page 8)
commitments and following
up." One way that Kleckner's
office has followed up is by
conducting a summer out-
reach program for dry
cleaners, grocery stores, and
Chinese restaurants. The pro-
gram used site visits and
surveys to collect feedback on
waste prevention measures,
research case studies, and
identify outstanding efforts.
The site visits also gave the
Partnership a chance to en-
courage nonparticipating
businesses to institute waste
prevention.
The Partnership For Waste
Prevention is only part of New
York City's broad effort to tap
the potential of waste preven-
tion. A Mayoral Directive
issued in 1992 instructed all
City of New York agencies to
engage in active waste preven-
tion. The Directive included
instructions to print and copy
double-sided, send intraof-
fice mail in reusable envelopes,
and cut down on the use of fax
cover pages. By combining the
Partnership with initiatives like
the Mayoral Directive and pro-
grams that promote packaging
reduction, materials exchanges,
and waste prevention in schools
and households, New York
hopes to meet an ambitious
goal—to use waste prevention
tactics to reduce waste by 9 per-
cent by the year 2000.
For more information on the
New York City Partnership For
Waste Prevention or other
waste prevention programs
run by the City of New York,
contact Dave Kleckner of the
Bureau of Waste Prevention,
Reuse, and Recycling at 212
837-8175.1
11
-------
Jobs Through Recycling
(Continued from page 1)
infrastructure of their agencies, KEDAs
will advocate exclusively for recycling-
based businesses. These business
development professionals will be re-
sponsible for attracting materials
processors and recycled product
manufacturing plants to a state or
tribe. They will facilitate the expan-
sion of existing recycling businesses
and work to convert them to the use
of recovered materials. REDAs will
also establish strong communication
links among existing, traditional
state or tribal economic development
agencies, solid waste programs, and
other recycling business develop-
ment efforts.
EPA expects to announce grant
awards by late summer. EPA's re-
gional offices are playing a major role
in reviewing proposals from states
and tribes and also will manage the
programs operating in their regions.
A third component of this initia-
tive will support the creation of a
national network to provide informa-
tion on recycling technologies to
manufacturers, small businesses,
and entrepreneurs. The network will
also identify barriers to the use of
recyclable materials and develop a
research agenda to find solutions.
As a fourth component, EPA will
initiate interagency agreements and
pursue joint projects with other fed-
eral agencies to tap a variety of
government resources to benefit re-
cycling business development. For
example, EPA and the Economic De-
velopment Administration (EDA) are
jointly sponsoring workshops with
economic development officials,
solid waste experts, and financing
specialists to explore capital forma-
tion for recycling businesses. The
workshops will take place this June
and September under the auspices of
the Northeast Recycling Coalition.
For more information about the
fobs Through Recycling Initiative, call
Tim Jones at 202 260-7920 or Kim
Carr at 202 260-7600.fi
Three Cities Attract Recycling Jobs
.«,.'._ ..'••... . -,..- --.-j ,,:*,. teiJifc. -,^.,.^,.,-.-.,-.,i.-";1*-:3L^ .^^^js'^iiis^V^..;^^ Li.".'i,'VLv,'' ^fa*;':•••&&• ,, >.vrc;r# r. >-'^.;3^ --,;*••' '••»<'
he Jobs Through Recycling Initiative expands on the success of
several existing EM-spbnsored pilot projects that jink; recycling and
economic deyefopmemj_iDne such program is the National Capital
Area Project, which is designed to attract recycling enterprises and scrap-
based industries tot Balturiore, Maryland; Richmond, Virginia; and
-^Washjngton, DC. Facilitatedjby the Institute for Local Self-Reliance, a
S^Washingtoh, DC-6ase3 orgarifzatibn, "n'
' -'-. --.---,-.,.-,.«.-•-.. -.--<- -.-,-- ,,,=-,!-_-- .'«•>. fJi-' ' •-• i1 '--
Group in each city cdmposed
,.,^
financial cpjnM^
ducting educationaC progTiimst Seveioping innbvative buy-recy_cled
prbgTams, anci designing' mafIcet^(Jevelbpmeni: strategies^ they are also
coordinating regional approaches to pVpblem-solyingi and promoting po-
jitical and economic cooperation across jurisdictionai lines. The success of
-i-cr-iff, •^r.._.r^;,53^;:lr V"l£^J£";i'-^r"-IJVCfe"glre5£y5,.^^:^^
this two-year project will hejneasured by its impact on waste disposal costs,
job creatibn, andTax reyVnu^
xbntactlSeBorafi Gajfman 6F!:PA at 202 266-468§®^
:?.t._^.:_.; ;.,:^y;r^w:{;_-^^;sP-it'--V^^;w^^yi^^^:^|^
-'. •;" ••-'•:• •"- -:"~:. "•-'• • '•-:':v''^^r:>:^?J^*lfeigJ?fe^y-K
Degradable Ring Rule Finalized
In March 1, 1994, EPA issued
a rule that sets degradability
standards for plastic ring car-
riers commonly used on beverage
cans. The carriers pose a threat to
marine wildlife when improperly
disposed of in the environment.
The rule requires testing proce-
dures that manufacturers will use to
ensure the degradability of their ring
carriers. Ring carriers are currently
being made of photodegradable plas-
tics that disintegrate into smaller
fragments in the presence of sun-
light. These carriers appear to meet
EPA's standards for degradability.
EPA also encourages the develop-
ment of ring carriers made from
biodegradable plastics, however, as
these plastics can degrade com-
pletely in the marine environment.
Discarded ring carriers do not de-
grade immediately. EPA therefore
encourages people to avoid littering
and to properly dispose of their ring
carriers.
For a copy of the rule or for more
information, call the RCRA Hotline
at 800 424-9346.1
Meet Mike Shapiro
New OSW Director
Mike Shapiro is the new Director of EPA's
Office of Solid Waste. Most recently he
served as Deputy Assistant Administra-
tor in EPAs Office of Air and Radiation, where
he directed implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990. He also held various po-
sitions in the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances. He earned a Ph.D. in environmental
engineering from Harvard and holds a B.S. de-
gree in mechanical engineering from Lehigh University. Mr. Shapiro's top
solid waste priorities include encouraging pollution prevention efforts, de-
veloping recycling industries, and initiating a long-term strategy for reducing
and managing industrial nonhazardous wastes.fi
12
-------
4'-Ji
J?JlsiJ§ife^
2i>icAi_'^a-^Zffc.(,1^k4lM3| j. ,
*t
,-JS
I
#~*'^W' ;Sr.
i»
iSife-
. T^?
^i
», taBnoi^saiisi! -i-r.aa^i rr?
EPA530-N-94-003b
Comprehensive Procurement
Guideline Proposed
oon, federal and many other government
agencies will be adding a wide variety of
products containing recovered materi-
als to their shopping lists. On April 20,1994,
EPA proposed a Comprehensive Procurement
Guideline (CPG) that "designates" 21 products,
from plastic trash bags to engine coolant for
government purchase.
The underlying impetus behind the CPG is
the need to stimulate markets for materials
collected through recycling programs. Presi-
dent Clinton reiterated this need when he
signed Executive Order 12873 on October 20,
1993. In issuing the CPG, EPA will have met
one of its major responsibilities under that
Executive Order, as well under Section 6002 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA), the law that authorizes and directs
EPA to issue procurement guidelines.
Prior to the President's Executive Order, EPA
had issued five procurement guidelines cover-
ing paper and paper products, re-refined
lubricating oils, retread tires, building insula-
tion products, and cement and concrete
containing coal fly ash. In addition to designat-
ing new items, the CPG incorporates and
reorganizes the five existing procurement
guidelines.
Under RCRA, all government agencies,
along with their contractors and grantees,
that purchase designated items ("procuring
agencies") are required to establish a prefer-
ence for buying the items with recovered
material content, if they spend more than
$10,000 a year on an item using appropriated
federal funds. To do so, they must develop or
revise their existing "affirmative procurement
program." The program must include at least
the following four components:
• Recovered materials preference program.
Procuring agencies must establish a system
for buying designated items containing re-
covered materials. They can do this by using
one of three alternative approaches pro-
vided in RCRA.
• Promotion program. Procuring agencies
must actively promote their preference for
products made from recovered materials.
For example, they can publish articles in
newsletters both inside and outside of their
agencies, hold employee training work-
shops, participate in trade fairs, and include
statements in bid solicitations.
H Estimation, certification, and verification
program. Agencies must establish proce-
dures for collecting estimates and certifica-
tions from vendors, and for verifying
information about the recovered material
content of the products they buy.
• Monitoring. Agencies must monitor their
progress in buying products made from re-
covered materials and report on their pur-
chases of designated items.
In addition, procuring agencies must review
their purchasing specifications for designated
items to incorporate requirements for recov-
ered material content, and to remove language
that might hinder the purchase of these items.
For example, if a specification requires that
only virgin plastic resins be used in plastic
trash cans, that requirement must be changed
to allow for the use of recovered plastic, since
such trash cans are now available.
-------
Only the following conditions can exempt
procuring agencies from these procurement re-
quirements:
• If an item containing recovered material is
only available at an unreasonable price.
• If there is inadequate competition (not
enough sources of supply).
• If there would be an unusual and unreason-
able delay in obtaining an item.
• If the item does not meet all reasonable
performance requirements.
At the same time that EPA proposed the CPG,
it published a draft Recovered Material Advi-
sory Notice (RMAN). The RMAN lists the
ranges of recovered material content within
which designated items are commercially
available. It also suggests purchasing practices
to help government agencies buy these prod-
ucts.
To obtain more information or a copy of the
Federal Register notices for the CPG or the
RMAN, call the RCRA Hotline at 800-424-
9346.1
Items Designated in the Proposed Comprehensive
Procurement Guideline
ir~- tr^:Bir^-™--r™-^--T~~V^
• H „•, .•.,,.. ,^-i:^>^.J,.i.:»*>*'««.:,te***^^^
.i . •' • -•-,•* "•'•-^''••--:x-i't-'-'-'^-i"-v-'^^^^
• -- -• '", :' .' ,,: "£.:--.••'-•".'?,- '. V'Ji, ^,V :-•.::•-;
Vehicular Products Park & Recreation Products
, -,!",-»•? «-m»f!r7" ^,-?-_,-^-T~r»•«."»»,.,-.,-,»; .MMCT- -»^-^«;*"^-Hvfl^*f-*»^f»iBf"f»»,--'pI^
Engine Coolant ' **. pfaygrouna Surfaces
1^ ••[_• ;.•••'-• "-_-_•• _.: 5'-^ _~-":V----Y:-'',^.-;. i l'>ij.^J'^^Wt%iBS;P/V-;«-»;5^^3*i««*M»!»S"r'
Construction'producl^^ '••^^'^^^Runnlng Tracks
|!;;;; StrurturaTFjfa^
* "'!' ' '»' ••*•: - T •'- •pt«iw-'W— « ™.«~s,''»rf>-:i,'»'i-»>r*'^"!-«<»ii *.B*--^a>™»iW""*!'f»^s^4^J^«*«»'^*SWS^^KS«3Si
!1^;»';*!"l'i«iJi:;:A'i-.;i
^ISi^tfSSailHlgSS'i
Laminated Paperboard
Hydraulic "MulclFi
f Plastic Pipe and Fittings Yard Trimmings Compost
f Su* i I , ' . .r.|]m. i |u,*iirpti!,jf'i M- •••-, .'../liii.!!!.!.^!!!!"™^! .Hii.th^'^HiSf^H™ .-t i^»-r;it| •(,„ , uw ,11^ _ jfn^siei., %«•_
•" • Geotextiles
Carpet " ' ' ''' " ^ '" '"" '^' '' '"""
|,_, Floor Tiles " ." '"". ~ ~-"^~ '~~ '" "^"
Patio Blocks II ^ !1
I Cement Containing Blast Furnace Slag
'j^y^^W^/:-!-"-^ |
lompost
„;; Mon-paper Office Products j
*«T^Office Recycling Containers •
:'--^' -Waste Receptacles ']
£^5 c plastic Desktop Accessories .;
• Cartridges
x&xJmTxWrrSfi:-:-,;™..*
IBinders
Plastic fras
"
: Transportation Products
h Trajfic Cpntrd'l Cones'..'
TrafHic Barriers
l^i^^^
:' r , • • '. . '. _. 1r".,"BL"~V ~M~ •*• J'ifr.'JJ*~"';j;J,i~''"T'''' S^rJjiJ-jj' T'i',^'" ^~i'"T"'n!~'¥f'%:fi'41rt'^f f'V u\^|;f"-Vl?SJ^*X'-u^^f¥*^^^.^l^'^W^^i^fr;~-^'^^:*^1^^*V*^^ .?!~jf',$.~'?;%'•
*The CPG also proposed amendments to the existing procurement guiideline for building insulation.
For a free subscription to Reusable News, write to:
Office of Solid Waste
US EPA (5305)
401 M Street. S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
i|%.:s'ip:
' -
------- |