&EFA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5305)
EPA530-N-95-001
Winter 1995
REUSABLE
NEWS
MSW Recovery Rate
Surpasses 20 Percent
In 1993, the United States recov-
ered more than one-fifth (21.7
percent) of the nation's munici-
pal solid waste (MSW) through
recycling (including composting).
At the same time, the percentage
of waste landfilled, 62.3 percent,
was the lowest since 1960. Waste
destined for combustion remained
constant at around 16 percent.
These figures reflect a growing
shift toward integrated waste
management with more emphasis
on waste reduction and less
reliance on disposal as communi-
ties plan for the 21st century.
These statistics are reported in
Characterization of Municipal
Solid Waste in the United States:
1994 Update—the latest in a series
of EPA reports on the state of
MSW in the United States. The
1994 Update includes 1993 fig ures
on MSW generation, disposal, and
IN THIS ISSUE
Interview With the Federal
Environmental Executive-Washington
State Buys Recycled • Waste
Prevention PSA • New Guide on
Regionalization • HHW Conference •
C&D Waste Reduction • Mega
Matches Conference
Municipal Solid Waste Management 1960-2000
150
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
• Landfill,
other disposal:
129 million tons
in 1993
Recycling:
38.5 million tons
in 1993
Combustion:
33 million tons
in 1993
• Composting:
6.5 million tons
in 1993
recovery rates, and makes projec-
tions through the year 2000.
The report also indicates that
Americans are generating more
waste these days, even though
they are throwing away less. In
1993, nearly 207 million tons of
MSW were generated, up from 196
million tons in 1990. This trans-
lates into 4.4 pounds per person
per day, an increase from the 1990
figure of 4.3 pounds. After recov-
ery, national discards totaled
161.9 million tons in 1993, which
is a slight decrease from 1990.
As for individual components
of MSW, paper and paperboard
products continue to be the largest
MSW component by weight, mak-
ing up more than one-third of total
MSW generation (see chart on
page 2). By landfill volume, paper
is again at the top of the heap, with
plastics next in line. Paper prod-
ucts are also the most recycled
material—more than one-third of
all paper products generated were
recycled in 1993. Metals are the
second most recycled material.
MSW generation is projected to
reach 218 million tons by 2000, or
4.3 pounds per person per day.
While this figure is an overall
increase in total MSW generation
from current figres, per capita waste
generation is expected to decline,
principally due to waste prevention
efforts. Such efforts are expected to
lead to significant reductions in
(Continued on page 2)
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed on paper that contains at least 20%
postconsumer fiber.
-------
MSW Recovery Rate Surpasses 20 Percent
(Continued from page 1)
Yard trimmings
32.8 million tons
Other
18.7 million tons
Food
13.8 million tons'
Wood
13.7 million tons
Plastics
19.3 million tons
Materials
Generated in
MSW by
Weight, 1993
Paper and paperboard
77.8 million tons
Glass
13.7 million tons
Metals
17.1 million tons
waste. For example, implementation of
current and planned local backyard
composting programs could reduce the
generation of yard trimmings by at
least 30 percent by 2000. Recycling
efforts will also continue to have an
impact on the MSW stream. By 2000,
recovery rates are projected to climb to
between 25 and 35 percent of the MSW
stream, with the potential of reducing
total national discards to 152 million
tons annually, or just over 3 pounds
per person per day.
For a free copy of the report's
executive summary, call the RCRA
Hotline at 800 424-9346. A copy of
the complete 1994 Update is avail-
able for $27.00 by calling the
National Technical Information
Service (NTIS) at 800 553-6847.1
Waste Prevention
Comes of Age
For the first time ever, EPA's
Characterization of Municipal
Solid Waste in the United States
attempts to address the impact of
waste prevention efforts on the MSW
stream. Waste prevention is the
design, manufacture, purchase, or
use of materials or products (includ-
ing packages) to reduce their amount
or toxicity before they enter the MSW
stream.
For example, the report's research
indicates that the weight of individ-
ual glass, aluminum, and plastic soft
drink containers has been reduced
significantly over the past 20 years.
An empty 16 oz. (vol) glass soda bot-
tle weighed approximately 12 oz.
(wt) in 1972. Today, the rounded,
shorter 16 oz. (vol) bottles tip the
scales at under 8 oz. (wt) each—a
reduction of about 36 percent! When
thousands of these bottles are piled
together in a landfill or crushed for
recycling, the weight difference is
substantial. In addition, a trend is
emerging toward the substitution of
lighter packaging materials, such as
plastics and aluminum, in place of
heavier materials such as glass and
steel. Other factors contributing to
the growing impact of waste preven-
tion are:
• Backyard composting and
"grasscycling" (leaving grass
clippings on lawns).
• Behavior changes in the
workplace (e.g., double-sided
copying) and at home (e.g.,
purchasing concentrated
products).
• Reuse of products and
packaging.
• Lengthened product life through
enhanced durability and
repairability.
Pay-As-You
Throw:
There's a new trend, in
communities today.
Citizens are paying ror
trasn services based on the
amount or waste they
generate. Tne less tney
toss, tne less tney pay.
To rind out
if pay-as-you-throw could
make sense in your
community, call tne RCRA
Hotline at 800-424-9346
and ask for EPA's free guide
entitled Pay-As-You-Throw:
Lessons Learned About Unit
Pricing (EPA530-R-94-004).
It's Making
Cents.
-------
Interview With the Federal Environmental
Executive
n June 1994, President
Clinton appointed Fran
McPoland as Federal
Environmental Executive.
She is responsible for
overseeing implementa-
tion of Executive Order
12873 on Federal Acquisi-
tion, Recycling, and Waste
Prevention by federal executive
agencies. She also coordinates
the work of Agency Environmental
Executives appointed by key fed-
eral agencies. These individuals
are responsible for implementing
the Executive Order in their
respective agencies. In addition,
she is responsible for ensuring
compliance with other Presidential
mandates to conserve energy
and water, to prevent pollution,
and to practice environmen-
tally beneficial landscaping
on federal lawns.
Reusable News recently inter-
viewed Fran McPoland to learn
about her agenda for overseeing
implementation of federal agency
waste prevention, recycling, and
procurement mandates.
Q
What are your principal
responsibilities as Federal
Environmental Executive,
relating to Executive Order
12873?
A I have several distinct
responsibilities under
the Executive Order.
One overarching respon-
sibility is to work with all 22
Agency Environmental Executives,
to lead and coordinate their
efforts, and to facilitate the
exchange of information about
recycling, waste prevention, and
procurement of environmentally
preferable products. The Agency
Environmental Executives are all
at the level of Deputy Assistant
Secretary or higher and come
from many different parts of
government. Some are from
administrative areas; others are
from environmental or technical
program areas.
Another responsibility is to
review and comment on each
agency's Affirmative Procurement
Plan. These plans spell out each
agency's goals and strategies for
increasing their purchase of
recycled-content and other envi-
ronmentally preferable products,
particularly those designated by
EPA in procurement guidelines.
Thus far, 20 out of 22 agencies
have drafted plans. I am also
responsible for reviewing compli-
ance with the five existing
procurement guidelines on paper,
re-refined lubricating oil, retread
tires, cement and concrete with
coal fly ash, and building insula-
tion. I am pleased to say that
response by agencies to the
Executive Order has been generally
very enthusiastic and supportive.
In addition, I am responsible for
developing and implementing
reporting requirements, and we are
in the process of developing those
now.
Q Environmental procure-
ment requires a unique
collaboration between
administrative and envi-
ronmental personnel. What is your
perspective on how to facilitate the
dialogue between procurement
people and solid waste people?
A That's one of the most
interesting challenges
we face. My office is
currently confronting an
issue about the use of ground-
wood copier paper that serves as a
good example. Executive Order
12873 requires agencies to use
paper with 20 percent postcon-
sumer content by the end of 1994.
A new paper was recently intro-
duced that is 100 percent recycled
and 50 percent postconsumer
content. While historically post-
consumer-content paper has been
more expensive than virgin print-
ing paper, this paper is incredibly
attractive because it's cheaper
than virgin paper. It is also "sec-
ondarily chlorine free." Chlorine
is not used in the manufacture of
this recycled paper (although it
might have been used in the origi-
nal paper recovered for recycling).
By using this new copier paper,
federal agencies can not only save
purchasing costs, but they can also
exceed Executive Order mandates.
And I can tell you that agencies
want to maximize compliance.
The problem with this paper, how-
ever, is at the solid waste end.
There are many questions about its
recyclability because of the high
groundwood content. Clearly, this
situation shows what can happen
when procurement people make a
decision without input from those
dealing with the solid waste rami-
fications of that procurement
decision.
One of the first things we've
done to address this issue is to get
(Continued on page 5)
-------
WasteWiSe
Launches
Endorser
Program
Washington Buy-Recycled
Campaign Rings Up a Success
The WasteWi$e program is expanding!
After the initial success of recruiting
over 370 of America's leading compa-
nies to join WasteWi$e, EPA is spreading the
waste prevention, recycling, and buying recy-
cled message to more organizations through
the WasteWi$e Endorser Program.
Endorsers are trade associations and
other membership-based organizations
that champion the WasteWi$e program to
their members. In return, EPA recognizes
Endorsers' efforts in publications and
press releases, as well as at national
WasteWi$e events.
WasteWi$e Endorsers benefit from
demonstrating leadership in the environ-
mental arena, playing a key role in
preventing pollution and conserving nat-
ural resources, and helping members
achieve substantial cost savings. Endorser
organizations commit to:
Initiate a campaign to recruit member
businesses to become WasteWi$e
partners.
Provide their members with ongoing
promotional or technical information.
Endorsers have complete discretion
over what type of activities are conducted.
Recruiting might entail sending a mailing
to member companies, publishing articles
in the organization's newsletter, or having
WasteWi$e presentations at conferences.
Ongoing promotional or technical assis-
tance might include conducting waste
reduction workshops or sponsoring awards
programs.
Endorsers are not required to set and
achieve specific waste reduction goals, as
WasteWi$e partners do. Rather, they help
promote WasteWi$e and share waste
reduction information. EPA does, of
course, encourage all organizations to
reduce, reuse, recycle, and buy recycled!
For more information on WasteWi$e or
the WasteWi$e Endorser Program, call
800 EPA-WISE.l
Surveys consistently show
that, quality and price being
equal, consumers prefer to
buy recycled. The trick is to turn
this preference into action. In
the Seattle, Washington, area, the
King County Commission for
Marketing Recyclable Materials,
in partnership with
hundreds of area
retailers, has devel-
oped a buy-recycled
advertising campaign
to help consumers
make the jump.
"Get in the Loop—
Buy Recycled" shows
consumers that recy-
cled products are
available here and
now, in the stores
they frequent. And it hits them
with the message when it
counts—when they're in the
stores, reaching for products.
The campaign, launched in
1993, is now entering its third
year. It runs for four weeks, typ-
ically in October and November.
Supermarkets, nurseries, office
supply centers, drug stores,
hardware and appliance outlets,
bookstores, and automobile
repair and lube shops all have
participated in the campaign.
"Get in the Loop—Buy Recycled"
grew out of a desire to move
beyond traditional buy-recycled
advertising projects. "As con-
sumers, everything from sex
appeal to Mom's advice influ-
ences purchases," said Candy S.
Cox, the Commission's execu-
tive director. When it comes
time to picking a product, "a
buy-recycled suggestion heard
two weeks ago often just doesn't
compete with all these messages."
To really grab the consumer,
something more was needed.
The answer proved to be team-
ing up with retailers for in-store
advertising. After using stan-
dard media advertising (for
example, radio broadcasts) to
generate awareness of the
campaign, the King County
Commission provides promo-
tional materials to member
stores, including aisle displays,
door stickers, and
ml IIII P buttons worn by store
L U U r employees.
Additionally, through-
out the stores, the
campaign uses unique
"shelf-talkers" to clue
consumers in to the
products that contain
recycled content.
These simple cards,
placed on the edge of
store shelves below
the products, help customers
notice the items, compare them
with traditional virgin-based
products, and choose for them-
selves.
These shelf-talkers have been
the key to the success of the
campaign. Sales of recycled
products increased by 11 per-
cent over the previous month in
620 stores in 1993. The 1994
campaign results were even big-
ger. Sales of recycled products
jumped by nearly 30 percent
over the previous month in over
860 stores.
Planning for the 1995 cam-
paign is already under way.
Depending on its analysis of the
1994 effort, the Commission
is considering expanding the
campaign regionally or even
nationally this time around. So
watch for "Get in the Loop—Buy
Recycled" shelf-talkers in your
favorite stores this fall!
For more information, contact
Candy S. Cox of the King County
Commission for Marketing
Recyclable Materials at 206
296-4430.1
-------
Help Promote Waste
Prevention Through Your
Local Airwaves!
EPA needs your help to spread the waste prevention message! The
National Audubon Society, with funding and assistance from EPA, has
produced a series of public service announcements (PSAs) on waste
prevention. "Reuse stuff today....Reduce garbage tomorrow" is the central
message of these appealing radio, TV, and print ads. Although recycling
media campaigns are fairly common, this effort is one of the first national
outreach campaigns directed at preventing waste (often called "source
reduction").
National TV and radio broadcast of the PSAs began in January, and you
can help to make sure they air in your community. If you would like to
encourage your local TV or radio station to run the PSAs, please contact
Adaora Lathan of the National Audubon Society at 202 547-9009.1
5 7 4
Artie Olson used the same
cloth shopping bag 524
consecutive times. Until a
stampede for half-price
papayas ended his streak.
By not using paper bags, Mr.
Olson eliminated more than
100 pounds of garbage.
AL<
,
IX/HOr^^fc
Selected frames from a joint Audubon/EPA public service announcement on
waste prevention airing nationwide.
New Guide Helps Communities Get It
Together
From maintaining roads to picking
up municipal solid waste, small
and rural communities have a lot
of responsibilities—and, often, pretty
limited budgets. This can make it
tough to implement recycling pro-
grams, construct state-of-the-art
landfills, or tackle other solid waste
management issues. For many of
these communities, however, there
is an answer: regionalization.
Regionalization entails combining
resources and expertise with neigh-
boring communities to address local
challenges. By offering greater
(Continued on page 8)
Interview
With the
Federal
Environmental
Executive
(Continued from page 3)
all of the key people together at a
"summit meeting" held in October
1994. It involved recycled paper
manufacturers, the collectors, the
agency recycling coordinators, and
procurement people from the U.S.
Government Printing Office and the
General Services Administration.
We are working together to make
the smartest environmental pro-
curement decisions. I also think
that the fact that the Agency
Environmental Executives are such
a diverse group will serve to
enhance this dialogue.
Q Recent legislation is
reforming the federal
procurement system and
encourages more off-the-
shelf purchases. How do you see
these reforms affecting the fed-
eral government's buy-recycled
program?
A Procurement reform has
pluses and minuses. As
we get into electronic
acquisitions, we'll be
better able to track and monitor
purchases. But off-the-shelf pur-
chases made by government credit
card are difficult to track, and the
more items we add, the more diffi-
cult it will be. (Currently five items
have been designated and 21 addi-
tional items have been proposed
in the Comprehensive Procurement
Guideline.) My office is working
closely with the Office of Federal
Procurement Policy to devise ways
to streamline and minimize the
reporting burden.
To sum it up, in order to
fully implement our mandates
to buy recycled and environmen-
tally preferable products, we're
going to have to work together
with all parties, and we'll need to
be creative.fi
-------
1994 HHW
Conference a
Success!
HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE
The ninth annual Household
Hazardous Waste Manage-
ment Conference, held in
mid-November 1994, drew the
largest contingent of industry
representatives and household
product manufacturers ever. In
addition, about 330 state and
local government officials from
43 states, the District of
Columbia, and Canada partici-
pated in this conference, held
in Austin, Texas.
This year's conference focused
on "toxicity reduction" and pro-
gram cost-effectiveness. While
some programs emphasize the
collection and reuse of HHW,
toxicity reduction programs con-
centrate on reducing the amount
of toxics generated by manufac-
turers and consumers in the first
place. To this end, they utilize
outreach avenues to educate people
about alternative products and
methods. On cost-effectiveness,
participants discussed ways to
streamline programs and obtain
financial support.
The conference was run by
the International City/County
Managers Association with tech-
nical assistance from the North
America Hazardous Material
Management Association, a new
trade association formed to pro-
mote toxicity reduction and
pollution prevention for munici-
pal solid waste. EPA provided
financial support.B
C&D Waste Reduction
Begins at Home
If you've ever built a home, you
know that the project can gener-
ate a lot of excitement and
satisfaction, but do you know how
much waste it can generate? The
construction of an average-size
single-family home can produce
as much as seven tons of debris!
And this is just a small portion of
an approximate 45 million tons of
construction and demolition
(C&D) debris generated annually
in the United States from building
projects.
Not only do C&D activities cre-
ate a lot of waste, but it is
becoming both more difficult and
more costly to dispose of the
debris. To help address these
issues, EPA and the National
Association of Home Builders
(NAHB) Research Center are
working together to evaluate tech-
niques and technologies for:
• Reducing the amount of C&D
debris generated.
• Recovering and recycling
C&D materials.
• Encouraging the development
of markets for products
made from reclaimed C&D
materials.
The NAHB is a trade association
of the nation's home building and
light construction industry. The
Research Center hopes to demon-
strate that it is financially attractive
to reduce and recycle up to 50 per-
cent of C&D waste generated.
One of the most interesting
aspects of this multifaceted pro-
ject is a waste prevention and
recycling assessment that NAHB
will conduct during the construc-
tion of three homes in the East,
Midwest, and West. Based on its
field observations of how typi-
cal houses are built, NAHB will
produce a list of recommended
actions to:
• Reduce construction waste.
• Increase onsite waste reuse.
• Increase construction waste
recycling.
• Increase use of building
materials with recycled con-
tent. (Many materials used in
C&D projects can be re-
claimed, including wood,
steel, copper, aluminum,
gypsum, cardboard, paper,
plastic, asphalt, concrete,
and glass.)
The NAHB Research Center will
test these recommendations dur-
ing the construction of about a
dozen or more homes in metropol-
itan areas on the East Coast and in
the Midwest. Throughout the con-
struction process, NAHB will
monitor the quantity of waste
reduced, reused, and recycled,
and will compile its findings into
a report to be used by other
builders in the future.
The NAHB Research Center will
also produce an educational
brochure about C&D waste reduc-
tion for homeowners, remodelers,
and builders, as well as a docu-
mentary video on the project. Both
of these tools will be available in
1996.
For more information, call Peter
Yost at the NAHB Research Center
at 301 249-4000 or EPA's Daria
Willis at 703 308-8754J
* Green*
-------
Greenhouse
Cultivates
Recycled
Building
Materials
While the idea of "envi-
ronmentally conscious
construction" might con-
jure images of patchwork
dwellings built of old tires and
empty soda bottles, the reality
is much different. Today's
construction industry often
incorporates reused and recy-
cled materials into houses and
buildings. To demonstrate the
viability of these materials to
homebuilders, Pierce County,
Washington, has developed a
mobile "Greenhouse" con-
structed entirely of recycled,
reused, nontoxic, and energy-
efficient building materials.
The garage-sized teaching
facility, built with the support
and cooperation of a number of
private sector partners, displays
more than 80 products, including:
• Nontoxic and recycled brands
of house paint.
• A deck constructed of plastic
lumber, made from recycled
plastic milk jugs.
• Roofing materials made from
recycled rubber tires, computer
cases, and aluminum cans.
The County takes the exhibit
to fairs, trade shows, and exhibi-
tions throughout the Pacific
Northwest. Since Pierce County
first displayed the house in
September 1993, more than
400,000 people have visited the
facility.
For more information, or for a
guide to the companies who
supplied the products used in
the Greenhouse, contact Nancy
Morrison of Pierce County at 206
593-4050.1
Mega Matches
Coming Soon to a
Region Near You
When it comes to reducing
municipal solid waste,
experience and informa-
tion are valuable commodities.
Whether it's designing a unit pric-
ing program or starting a local
materials exchange, community
decisionmakers need hard data to
get a source reduction task off the
ground. EPA's Source Reduction
Mega Match program is designed
to provide this information.
Organized as roundtables and
information-sharing forums, Mega
Matches are an outgrowth of the
Solid Waste Peer Exchange
Program. Under this program,
municipal officials with experi-
ence in tackling solid waste
challenges visited other communi-
ties in need of expert advice.
Managed by the International
City/County Management
Association (ICMA) and funded by
EPA, the Peer Exchanges had just
one drawback: only a single com-
munity benefited from each visit.
Mega Matches bring together
groups of experienced community
officials with local decisionmak-
ers, involving more communities
in the process while retaining the
smaller-scale, one-on-one quality
of the Peer Exchanges. And partic-
ipants come away with more than
innovative and cost-effective
ideas: the sessions help build a
network of solid waste partner-
ships—contacts that local officials
can draw on when dealing with
future source reduction chal-
lenges.
Hundreds of communities partic-
ipated in the 1994 source reduction
Mega Matches, which took place in
Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois;
Kansas City, Missouri; and San
Francisco, California. The confer-
ences focused on variable rate (or
unit) pricing, materials exchanges,
backyard composting, and waste
prevention in businesses. EPA is
lining up an additional series of
Source Reduction Mega Matches for
1995 that will focus on similar
waste prevention topics. The loca-
tions of these Mega Matches will be
announced in the near future.fl
Pierce County's mobile "GreenHouse"
-------
r
A Trashy Contest!
Have you noticed anything different about recent issues of
Reusable News? If not, here's a hint. Take a look at the mast-
head on this issue. Look familiar? It should. It's the original
Reusable News identifier that's been with us since the newsletter was
launched.
But, as you might have noticed, our most recent issues (Fall,
Summer, and Spring of 1994) featured three different variations on
this "trashy" theme. We just can't make up our minds which trash
can to use on the masthead. We need your help!
WHICH TRASH CAN DO YOU LIKE BEST? |
I
Vote for one of the trash cans pictured below by clipping and
mailing your ballot to John Leigh at the address below or by faxing
to EPA at 202 260-6252. To cast a paperless ballot, call in your vote
to 202 260-6548, or send your vote via electronic mail to
Leigh.John@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV.
We'll announce the winner in our next issue and feature it on our
masthead!
__ Ol' Standby
"Can-Can"
Can
Trendy
Toter
Sumi
'Ceptacle
J
The mention of publications, products, and organizations in this newsletter
does not constitute endorsement or approval for use by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
New Guide Helps
Communities Get It
Together
(Continued from page 5)
economies of scale, regionalization
enables member communities to
undertake projects that otherwise
would be too expensive.
EPA's new handbook, Joining
Forces: Regionalization Is Working
in Rural and Small Communities,
is helping local governments
learn about working together. It
discusses the advantages of
regionalization, shows how it can
be used, and highlights successful
efforts from across the country. To
obtain a free copy, call EPA's
RCRA Hotline at 800 424-9346.1
REUSABLE NEWS is the quarterly
newsletter of the EPA Office of
Solid Waste's Municipal and
Industrial Solid Waste Division.
Reusable News reports on the
efforts of EPA and others to safely
and effectively manage the nation's
garbage and provides useful informa-
tion about key issues and concerns
in municipal solid waste manage-
ment.
Address comments or free subscription
requests to:
John Leigh, Editor (5305)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW.
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
(5305)
Washington, DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300
-------
MSW PUBLICATIONS - 1995
The following publications are available at no charge from the
EPA RCRA/Superfund Hotline at 800 424-9346.
530-S-94-042
530/SW-89-072
530-F-94-009
530-F-94-042
530-F-92-024
530-K-93-001
530-C-95-001
530/SW-89-051a
530-K-93-002
530/SW-90-019
530/SW-90-020
530/SW-89-019
530-K-94-002
530-R-92-015
Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in
the United States: 1994 Update; Executive
Summary
Decision-Makers Guide to Solid Waste
Management
Environmental Fact Sheet: EPA Sets
Degradability Standards for Plastic Ring
Carriers
Environmental Fact Sheet: Update Released
on Solid Waste Management in the United
States
Green Advertising Claims
Joining Forces on Solid Waste Management:
Regionalization is Working in Rural and
Small Communities
MSW Factbook (Version 2.0) (3-1/2" diskette)
Report to Congress: Methods to Manage and
Control Plastic Wastes; Executive Summary
Reporting on Municipal Solid Waste: A Local
Issue
Sites for our Solid Waste: A Guidebook for
Public Involvement
Siting Our Solid Waste: Making Public
Involvement Work (Brochure)
Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for Action
Solid Waste Resource Guide for Native
Americans: Where to Find Funding and
Technical Assistance
Waste Prevention, Recycling, and
Composting Options: Lessons from 30
Communities
530-K-92-003
530-K-92-004
530/SW-89-015C
530-S-92-013
530-F-92-016
530-F-92-012
530-R-94-004
530-K-94-003
The Consumer's Handbook for Reducing
Solid Waste
A Business Guide for Reducing Solid Waste
Characterization of Products Containing Lead
and Cadmium in Municipal Solid Waste in the
United States, 1970 to 2000; Executive
Summary
Characterization of Products Containing
Mercury in Municipal Solid Waste in the
United States, 1970 to 2000; Executive
Summary
Environmental Fact Sheet: Municipal Solid
Waste Prevention in Federal Agencies
Environmental Fact Sheet: Recycling Grass
Clippings
Pay as You Throw: Lessons Learned About
Unit Pricing
Review of Industrial Waste Exchanges
530/SW-91-005
530/SW-90-084a
530-F-93-008
530-K-92-005
530-F-93-018
530-F-94-006
530-F-94-003
530-F-94-002
530/SW-91-009
530-F-92-014
530-F-94-007
530-F-94-026
530-R-95-001
530/SW-91-011
530-F-92-003
530-H-92-001
530/SW-90-082
530/SW-89-014
530-R-93-011
530/SW-90-073b
530/SW-90-072b
530/SW-90-071b
530/SW-90-074b
530-K-92-006
530-F-94-005
530-F-94-004
EPA530-N-95-001a
Unit Pricing: Providing an Incentive to
Reduce Waste
Variable Rates in Solid Waste: Handbook for
Solid Waste Officials; Executive Summary
Waste Prevention: It Makes Good Business
Sense
Waste Prevention Pays Off: Companies Cut
Waste in the Workplace
WasteWi$e: EPA's Voluntary Program for
Reducing Business Solid Waste
WasteWi$e Tip Sheet: Facility Waste
Assessments
WasteWi$e Tip Sheet: Waste Prevention
WasteWISe Tip Sheet: WasteWi$e Program
Road Map
Environmental Fact Sheet: Yard Waste
Composting
Federal Recycling Program (Brochure)
How to Start or Expand a Recycling
Collection Program (Fact Sheet)
Jobs Through Recycling Initiative (Fact
Sheet)
Manufacturing from Recyclables: 24 Case
Studies of Successful Enterprises
Procurement Guidelines for Government
Agencies
Recycle: You Can Make a Ton of Difference
(Brochure)
Recycle: You Can Make a Ton of Difference
(Poster)
Recycling in Federal Agencies (Brochure)
Recycling Works! State and Local Success
Stories
Report to Congress: A Study of the Use of
Recycled Paving Materials
Summary of Markets for Compost
Summary of Markets for Recovered
Aluminum
Summary of Markets for Recovered Glass
Summary of Markets for Scrap Tires
Used Dry Cell Batteries: Is a Collection
Program Right for your Community?
WasteWi$e Tip Sheet: Buying or
Manufacturing Recycled Products
WasteWi$e Tip Sheet: Recycling Collection
530-R-92-026 Household Hazardous Waste Management:
A Manual for One-Day Community Collection
Programs
530-F-92-031 Household Hazardous Waste: Steps to Safe
Management
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530/SW-90-029b Characterization of Municipal Waste
Combustion Ash, Ash Extracts, and
Leachates; Executive Summary
530-F-94-021
530-R-94-020
Implementation Strategy of U.S. Supreme
Court Decision in City of Chicago v. EOF for
Municipal Waste Combustion Ash
(Memorandum)
Sampling and Analysis of Municipal Refuse
Incinerator Ash
Native American Network
Reusable News
WasteWiSe Update
The following publications are available for a fee from the
National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Call 703 487-
4650 for price and ordering information.
530/SW-91-089 Criteria for Solid Waste Disposal Facilities; A
Guide for Owners/Operators
530-F-93-024 Environmental Fact Sheet: Some Deadlines
in Federal Landfill Regulations Extended;
Extra Time Provided to Landfills in Midwest
Flood Regions
530-K-94-001 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Permit
Programs: A Primer for Tribes
530/SW-91-092 Safer Disposal for Solid Waste; The Federal
Regulation for Landfills
530-Z-93-012 Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria; Delay
of Effective Date; Final Rule; October 1, 1993
(includes correction published October 14,
1993)
OSWFR91004 Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria; Final
Rule; October 9, 1991
530-F-94-008 Collecting Used Oil for Recycling/Reuse: Tips
for Consumers Who Change Their Own
Motor Oil and Oil Filters (Brochure)
530/SW-89-039a How to Set Up a Local Program to Recycle
Used Oil
530/SW-89-039d Recycling Used Oil: For Service Stations and
Other Vehicle-Service Facilities (Brochure)
530/SW-89-039b Recycling Used Oil: What Can You Do?
(Brochure)
530/SW-90-024 Adventures of the Garbage Gremlin: Recycle
and Combat a Life of Grime (Comic Book)
530/SW-90-005 Let's Reduce and Recycle: A Curriculum for
Solid Waste Awareness
530/SW-90-025 Recycle Today: Educational Materials for
Grades K-12
530/SW-90-010 Ride the Wave of the Future: Recycle Today!
(Poster)
530/SW-90-023 School Recycling Programs: A Handbook for
Educators
PB89-220 578 Analysis of U.S. Municipal Waste Combustion
Operating Practices
PB95-147 690 Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in
the United States: 1994 Update
PB91-111 484 Charging Households for Waste Collection
and Disposal: The Effects of Weight- or
Volume-Based Pricing on Solid Waste
Management
PB94-163-250 Composting Yard Trimmings and Municipal
Solid Waste
PB94-136 710 List of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
PB94-100 138 Markets for Compost
PB93-170 132 Markets for Recovered Aluminum
PB93-169 845 Markets for Recovered Glass
PB92-115 252 Markets for Scrap Tires
PB87-206 074 Municipal Waste Combustion Study: Report
to Congress
PB90-199 431 Office Paper Recycling: An Implementation
Manual
PB92-162 551 Preliminary Use and Substitutes Analysis of
Lead and Cadmium in Products in Municipal
Solid Waste
PB90-163 122 Promoting Source Reduction and
Recyclability in the Marketplace
PB92-100 841 Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Final
Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
PB92-100 858 Addendum for the Regulatory Impact
Analysis for the Final Criteria for Municipal
Solid Waste Landfills
PB88-251 137 Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for Action;
Background Document
PB88-251 145 Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for Action;
Background Document; Appendices
PB94-100 450 Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria; 40
CFR Part 258: Technical Manual
PB92-119 965 States' Efforts to Promote Lead-Acid Battery
Recycling
PB90-272 063 Variable Rates in Solid Waste: Handbook for
Solid Waste Officials
PB90-163 114 Yard Waste Composting: A Study of Eight
Programs
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