FINAL
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR
ORGANIC TOXKTIY CHARACTERISTIC WASTES
D018-D043
AND
ADDENDUM TO NONWASTEWATER FORMS OF PESTICIDE
TOXICITY CHARACTERISTIC WASTES
D012-D017
Richard Kinch
Chief; Waste Treatment Branch
Lisa Jones
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
2800 Crystal Drive
Arlington, Virginia 22202
Julv 1994
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DISCLAIMER STATEMENT
The technical and analytical findings and recommendations contained in this document
are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official EPA position,
policy, or decision. This disclaimer page may only be removed by EPA,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1_!
1.1 Regulatory Background 1-3
1.1.1 Toxicity Characteristic Regulatory Levels 1-3
1.1.2 Treatment Standards for Toxicity Characteristic
Wastes 1-6
1.2 Summary of BDAT Treatment Standards 1-8
1.3 Contents of This Document 1-10
2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE
CHARACTERIZATION , 2_1
2.1 Industries Affected '•'.'.'. 2-1
2.2 Waste Management Practices 2-3
2.3 Waste Characterization , 2-5
2.4 Releases and Transfers of D018-D043 Wastes
Reported in the TRI 2-5
3.0 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
NONWASTEWATER FORMS OF D018-D043 WASTES 3-1
3.1 Identification of BDAT 3-1
3.1.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 3-2
3.1.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 3-6
3.1.3 Identification of BDAT .... : . . . . 3-7
3.2 Identification of BDAT Treatment Standards 3-8
4.0 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR WASTEWATER
FORMS OF D018-D043 WASTES 4-1
4.1 Identification of BDAT . . . 4-1
4.1.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies . 4-2
4.1.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 4-6
4.1.3 Identification of BDAT 4-6
4.2 . Identification of BDAT Treatment Standards . 4-7
5.0 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
NONWASTEWATER FORMS OF NEWLY IDENTIFIED
PESTICIDE TC WASTES, D012-D017 . . . ,;. 5-1
5.1 Nonwastewaters 5-1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6-1
7.0 REFERENCES 7-1
Appendix A Treatment Performance Database and Methodology for
Identifying Universal Standards for Constituents in
Nonwastewater Forms of D018-D043 Wastes A-1
Appendix B Treatment Performance Database and Methodology for
Identifying Universal Standards for Constituents in
Wastewater Forms of D018-D043 Wastes B-l
Appendix C TRI Release Data Corresponding to the Organic TC
Constituents Regulated in D012-D043 Wastes for 1987-1990 C-l
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LIST OF TABLES
• Page
1-1 Toxicity Characteristic Constituents and Regulatory Levels l-ll
1-2 Federal Register Notices Discussing Toxicity Characteristic
Regulations . .. j_13
1-3 BDAT Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of
D012-D017 Wastes M6
1-4 BDAT Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of
D018-D043 Wastes , \.\-j
\
1-5 BDAT Treatment Standards for Wastewater Forms of D018-
D043 Wastes 1-19
2-1 Numbers and Locations of Generators of D018-D043 Wastes
by Waste Code .. 2-8
2-2 Numbers of Generators of D018-D043 Wastes by EPA
Region 2-10
2-3 . Estimated Number of Facilities Which May Generate D018-
D043 Wastes by,Industrial Classification 2-11
2-4 Waste Management Practices Reported for D018-D043
Wastes 2-12
2-5 Treatment Technologies Used to Manage D018-D043 Wastes 2-17
2-6 Levels Facilities Reported as Achievable for Treatment of
D018-D043 Wastes 2-21
2-7 Waste Characterization Data for D018-D043 Wastes 2-22
2-8 TC Constituents Which Comprise the Non-Halogenated
Solvents, Halogenated Solvents, and Chlorinated Phenolics
and Pesticides Groups 2-23
3-1 Determination of BDAT Treatment Standards for
Nonwastewater Forms of D018-D043 Wastes Based on
Universal Standards 3-10
V.
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LIST OF TABLES
4-1
4-2
5-1
A-l
B-l
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
B-6
B-7
B-8
B-9
B-10
B-ll
Page
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) for
Constituents Regulated in Wastewater Forms of D018-D043
Wastes 4.9
Determination of BDAT Treatment Standards for
Constituents in Wastewater Forms of D018-D043 Based on
Universal Standards 4-11
Determination of the BDAT Treatment Standard for
' Nonwastewater Forms of D015 5-3
Treatment Standard Data for Constituents Selected for
Regulation in Nonwastewater Forms of D018-D043 A-12
Database Key for Wastewaters B-18
Key to Treatment Technologies •. B-19
Treatment Performance Data for Benzene in Wastewaters B-21
Treatment Performance Data for Carbon Tetrachloride in
Wastewaters B-24
Treatment Performance Data for Chlordane in Wastewaters ...... B-26
Treatment Performance Data for Chlorobenzene in
Wastewaters B-27
Treatment Performance Data for Chloroform in Wastewaters B-29
Treatment Performance Data for o-Cresol in Wastewaters B-32
Treatment Performance Data for meta/para-Cresol in
Wastewaters B-33
Treatment Performance Data for p-Dichlorobenzene in
Wastewaters . B-34'
'I
Treatment Performance Data for 1,2-Dichloroethane in
Wastewaters B-36
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LIST OF TABLES
B-12
B-13
B-14
B-15
B-16
B-17
B-18
B-19
B-20
B-21
B-22
B-23
B-24
B-25
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Treatment Performance Data for 1,1-Dichloroethylene in
Wastewaters
Treatment Performance Data for 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in.
Wastewaters . %
Treatment Performance Data for Heptachlor in Wastewaters
Treatment Performance Data for Heptachlor Epoxide in
Wastewaters
Treatment Performance Data for Hexachlorobenzene in
Wastewaters
Treatment Performance Data for Hexachlorobutadiene in
Wastewaters
Treatment Performance Data for Hexachloroethane in
Wastewaters . . . .
Treatment Performance Data for Methyl Ethyl Ketone in
Wastewaters
Treatment Performance Data for Nitrobenzene in
Wastewaters ; '.
Treatment Performance Data for Pentachlorophenol in
Wastewaters
Treatment Performance Data for Pvridine in Wastewaters
\
Treatment Performance Data for Tetrachloroethylene in
Wastewaters
Treatment Performance Data for Trichloroethylene in
Wastewaters
Treatment Performance Data for 2,4,5-TrichlorophenoI in
. Wastewaters
-V
V
Page
. B-38
B-40
B-41
B-42
B-43
B-44
. B-45
B-46
B-47
B-49
. B-52
B-53
B-56
B-60
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LIST OF TABLES
B-26
B-27
B-28
B-29
B-30
B-31
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
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Treatment Performance Data for 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in
Wastewaters • .
Treatment Performance Data for Vinyl Chloride in
Wastewaters
Accuracy Correction Factors for Volatile Organic
Constituents Using Industry-Submitted Leachate Data from
CWM
Accuracy Correction Factors for Semivolatile Organic
Constituents Using Industry-Submitted Leachate Data from
Dow
HAD Variability Factors for Volatile Organic Constituents
HAD Variability Factors for Semivolatile Organic
Constituents
1987 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Halogenated
Solvents
1988 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Halogenated
Solvents
• 1989 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Halogenated
Solvents
1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Halogenated
. Solvents
1987 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Non-Halogenated
Solvents
1988 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Non-Halogenated
Solvents
1989 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Non-Halogenated
Solvents
VI
Page
B-61
B-62
B-63
B-64
B-65
B-66
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
C-8 1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Non-Haiogenated
Solvents . . . ........................................... C-9
C-9 1987 TRI Releases and Transfers of Chlorinated Phenolics
and Pesticides .......... .................. . ............ C-10
C-10 1988 TRI Releases and Transfers of Chlorinated Phenolics
and Pesticides -
C-ll 1989 TRI Releases and Transfers of Chlorinated Phenolics
and Pesticides . ........................................ c_ 12
C-12 1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of Chlorinated Phenolics
and Pesticides ..................... . ......... . ......... c-13
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
2-1 1990 TRI Releases and Transfer of Non-Halogenated
Solvents 2-24
2-2 1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of Halogenated Solvents 2-25
« • .
2-3 1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of Chlorinated Phenolics
and Pesticides 2-26
2-4 ' 1987-1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of Non-Halogenated
Solvents : 2-27
2-5 1987-1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of Halogenated .
Solvents 2-28
2-6 1987-1990 TRI Release and Transfers of Chlorinated
Phenolics and Pesticides 2-29
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
In accordance with the amendments to the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) enacted in the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
(HSWA) of November 8, 1984, tne Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or the
Agency) is establishing Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) treatment
standards for organic Toxicity Characteristic (TC) wastes identified in Title 40, Code of
Federal Regulations. Section 261.24 (40.CFR 261.24) as D018-D043. Compliance with
these treatment standards is a prerequisite for land disposal of restricted wastes, as
defined in 40 CFR Part 268. EPA may grant a variance from the applicable treatment
standards under 40 CFR 268.44 and under 40 CFR 268.6. EPA may grant waste- and
site-specific waivers from the applicable treatment standards hi 268.41-268.43.
On May 19, 1980, under RCRA, the Agency instituted a framework for
identifying hazardous waste (45 FR 33084). Under this framework, the Agency defines
which solid wastes are hazardous by either identifying the characteristics of hazardous
waste or listing particular hazardous wastes. EPA's approach for defining hazardous
waste characteristics was to determine which properties of a waste would result in harm
to human health or to the environment when improperly managed, and then to establish
test methods and regulatory levels for each characteristic property. The Extraction
Procedure (EP) Toxicity Characteristic was one of four hazardous waste characteristics
that EPA identified and promulgated in May 1980 (40 CFR 261.24). A solid waste was
classified as EP toxic if the liquid waste extract obtained using the EP contained any of
14 specified toxic constituents at concentrations equal to or greater than the
corresponding regulatory level. These constituents consisted of eight metals, four
insecticides, and two herbicides, which were assigned the hazardous waste codes
D004-D017. A list of constituents regulated in D004-D017 wastes and their
corresponding regulatory levels are presented in Table 1-1 at the end of this section.
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On March 29, 1990, EPA promulgated the Toxicity Characteristic (TC)
rule, which replaced the EP with the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
and added 26 organic chemicals (corresponding to hazardous waste codes D018-D043) to
the 14 existing toxic constituents of concern (55 FR 11798). The TC rule established
that a solid waste is considered a'hazardous waste if the waste leachate generated using
the TCLP contains any of these 40 (26 + 14 = 40) constituents at concentrations equal
to or greater than the regulatory levels. The list, of the constituents regulated in the final
TC rule and their corresponding regulatory levels are also included in Table 1-1.
Treatment standards based on BDAT for D004-D017 wastes were
promulgated in the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) for the Third Third scheduled
wastes on June 1, 1990 (55 FR 22520).
This Background Document provides the Agency's rationale and technical
support for developing BDAT treatment standards for both nonwastewater and
wastewater forms of the 26 organic TC wastes (D018-D043). The BDAT treatment
standards for wastewater forms of D018-D043. wastes discussed hi this document are
applicable to wastes managed in systems other than those regulated under the Clean
Water Act (CWA), those regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) that
inject TC wastewaters into Class I injection wells, and those zero discharge facilities that
engage in CWA equivalent treatment prior to land disposal. This document also
provides revisions to the nonwastewater BDAT treatment standard for D015 and
treatment standards for newly identified D012-D017 wastes. Newly identified D012-
D017 wastes are defined as those D012-D017 wastes identified as hazardous by the
TCLP but not by the EP leaching procedure. These wastes are not currently subject to
the existing treatment standards for D012-D017 wastes.
The Agency's legal authority and the petition process necessary for
requesting a variance from BDAT treatment standards are summarized in EPA's Final
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Quality
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Assurance. Quality Control Procedures, and Methodologies (Methodology Background
Document) (4). The methodology used for establishing BOAT treatment standards for
the TC wastes is summarized in Appendix A and Appendix B of this Background
Document.
Section 1.1, below, provides a discussion on the regulatory background for
D004-D043 wastes. Section 1.2 presents a summary of the D012-D043 wastes BDAT
treatment standards, and Section 1.3 briefly summarizes the contents of this document.
1.1 Regulatory Background
This section presents the regulatory background for the Toxicity
Characteristic wastes (D004-D043). The TC regulatory levels and leachate procedure, as
well as the BDAT treatment standards for these wastes, are discussed in this section. A
list of the Federal Register notices related to the development of the Toxicity
Characteristic regulations is presented in Table 1-2, several of which are described
below.
1.1.1 Toxicity Characteristic Regulatory Levels
On May 19, 1980 (45 FR 33084), the Agency instituted the Extraction
Procedure (EP) leaching procedure to identify wastes which pose a hazard to human
health and the environment due to their potential to leach significant concentrations of a
hazardous constituent. The Agency identified eight metal (D004-D011) and six pesticide
TC constituents (D012-D017) that, if present in the EP waste extract in excess of .
specified concentrations, caused the waste to be identified as hazardous. The regulatory
concentration levels were determined by the multiplication of constituent-specific chronic
toxicity levels (the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Standards (DWS)) by a
generic dilution/attenuation factor of 100, to reflect both the concentration at which the.
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constituent is harmful to human health and the environment and the fate of the
constituent in the environment.
« *
On January 14, 1986, the Agency proposed a framework for a regulatory
program to implement the Congressionally mandated Land Disposal Restrictions (51 FR
1602). This framework required a leaching test, known as the Toxicity Characteristic
Leaching Procedure (TCLP), for use in the LDR program in developing hazardous waste
treatment standards and determining whether these standards have been achieved. The
TCLP was intended t'o serve as an improved leaching method that would be suitable for
use in evaluating wastes containing both organic and inorganic constituents.
On June 13, 1986 (51 FR 21648), the Agency proposed to revise the
existing hazardous waste identification regulations by (1) expanding the list of Toxicity
Characteristic constituents, (2) replacing the EP leaching method with the TCLP, and (3)
applying constituent-specific dilution/attenuation factors (DAFs) for each organic
constituent included on the TC list, while retaining the 100-fold DAF for the metal and
pesticide constituents (D004-D017). The proposal specifically identified regulatory
concentration levels for 52 TC constituents, including the existing 14 metal and pesticide
constituents and 38 additional organic constituents. The Agency used a subsurface fate
and transport model to develop the constituent-specific DAFs for the organic TC
constituents. The subsurface fate and transport model, named EPASMOD, was a
modification of the model used to develop the regulatory levels for solvents and dioxins
in the January 14. 1986 proposed rule. This model was based on a mismanagement
scenario of co-disposal of TC wastes with municipal wastes in a Subtitle D sanitary
landfill. The Agency also identified chronic toxicity reference levels for these 38
additional compounds, which, when multiplied by the DAF, determined the regulatory
concentration level. EPA promulgated the TCLP for use in developing BDAT treatment
standards and monitoring BDAT compliance for certain spent solvent wastes and dioxin-
contaminated wastes (51 FR 40572, November 7, 1986). The Agency chose not to
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amend the Toxicity Characteristic rule by replacing the EP with the TCLP and including
additional constituents in that final rule.
Three additional notices published concerning this proposed rule are
described below. On May 18, 1987, the Agency published a Supplemental Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking (52 FR 18583) in response to numerous comments on the June,
1986 proposal concerning the application of the revised Toxicity Characteristic rule to
wastewaters. The main concern of the commenters was that it may be inappropriate to
apply the TC mismanagement scenario (co-disposal of hazardous wastes with municipal
wastes in an unlined landfill) to wastewaters managed in surface impoundments. The
Supplemental Notice outlined several alternatives for the application of the TC to
wastewaters that would result in a separate set of regulatory levels for these wastes. The
alternative scenario for wastewaters assumed that the subject wastes would be managed
in an unlined impoundment instead of being co-disposed in a municipal landfill.
The Agency then published a Notice of Data Availability and Request for
Comments on May 19, 1988 (53 FR 18024) as a result of commenters' concern about
uncertainties and technical difficulties associated with developing sufficiently
representative DAFs for the 38 organic constituents. The Agency proposed two
alternative approaches for establishing DAFs for these constituents. The first alternative
involved setting the DAFs in two phases that would initially bring into the hazardous
waste regulatory system the wastes with the highest concentrations of hazardous
constituents. In the first phase, the Agency would use generic DAFs for all 38 new
organic TC constituents while the development of the constituent-specific DAFs
proceeded; once the development of these constituent-specific DAFs was completed, they
would he implemented as the second phase. The Agency also considered, as the second
alternative, to promulgate the 38 organic TC constituents in one phase, using a generic
DAF. The Agency specifically requested comment on the use of a generic DAF for the
two-phased approach. The Agency also updated the chronic toxicity reference levels for
a number of constituents based on newlv available information.
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On August 1, 1988, the Agency published a Supplement to the Proposed
Rule (53 FR 28892), introducing potential modifications to the subsurface fate and
transport model used to calculate the constituent-specific DAFs. In addition, the Agency
presented currently available hydrogeological data on municipal waste landfills and
proposed to modify the subsurface fate and transport model to more accurately reflect
conditions in municipal waste landfills.
The Agency promulgated the revisions to the Toxicity Characteristic rule
on March 29, 1990 (55 FR 11798). The final rule retained many of the features of the
June 13,1986 proposal. The Agency replaced the EP leaching test with the TCLP,
added 26 organic compounds to the list of TC constituents (identified as D018-D043
wastes), and established regulatory concentration levels for these organic constituents
based on health-based concentration thresholds and a generic DAF that was developed
using a subsurface fate and transport model. In response to the comments received on
the proposed rule and related notices, the final rule incorporated a number of
modifications to the leaching procedure, the list of TC constituents, the chronic toxicity
reference levels, and the fate and transport model.
1.L2 Treatment Standards for Toxicity Characteristic Wastes
The Agency first proposed treatment standards for the Toxicity
Characteristic wastes under the LDR program in the Third Third proposed rule on
November 22, 1989 (54 FR 48372). The proposed treatment standards were expressed
as methods of treatment and concentration levels for wastewater and nonwastewater
forms of the metal characteristic wastes (D004-D011), respectively. The Agency
proposed two options for treatment standards for the pesticide TC wastes (D012-D017):
the fir" option consisted of concentration-based treatment standards based on
incineration treatment performance data, and the second option limited the treatment
standards for D012-D017 wastes to their respective regulatory concentration, or
characteristic, levels.
* -
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The Agency promulgated treatment standards for D004-D017 wastes in the
Third Third final rule on June 1, 1990 (55 FR 22520). These treatment standards were .
applicable to only those wastes previously identified as hazardous by the EP leaching
procedure and remaining hazardous by the new TCLP. The Agency did not identify
treatment standards for wastewater forms of D004-D017 wastes at constituent
concentrations below the corresponding characteristic level.' The Agency determined
that treatment standards promulgated below the characteristic level would cause
significant disruption to the existing regulatory programs adopted pursuant to the Clean
Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act. Treatment standards were established as
concentrations equivalent to the characteristic level for wastewater forms of D004-D011
wastes and as methods of treatment for wastewater forms of D012-D017 wastes.
The Agency determined that BDAT for nonwastewater forms of the metal
TC wastes (D004-D011) was vitrification or stabilization, and promulgated treatment
standards as concentrations equivalent to the characteristic level except for selenium
wastes (D010). The Agency promulgated the treatment standard for D010 wastes, based
on the performance of stabilization, at a concentration greater than the characteristic
level. The Agency believed, based on the matrix-dependent applicability of this
technology, that D010 wastes could not consistently be treated to concentrations less, than
the characteristic level. For nonwastewater forms of the pesticide TC wastes (D012-
D017), the Agency promulgated treatment standards less than the characteristic levels
based on the concentrations that could be achieved by incineration. The Agency
determined that the applicability of incineration is riot matrix-dependent and treatment
by incineration can reduce hazardous constituent concentrations to concentrations that
are orders of magnitude below the characteristic level.
On October 24, 1991 (56 FR 55160), in an Advanced Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking. the Agency discussed potential treatment standards for the newly identified
TC organic wastes (D018-D043) and newly identified inorganic wastes (D012-D017).
Newly identified D012-D017 wastes are defined as those wastes identified as hazardous
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by the TCLP but not by the EP leaching procedure and are not currently subject to the
existing D012-D017 wastes treatment standards. The Agency introduced treatment
standard options for these wastes, which are discussed in this document.
12 Summary of BDAT Treatment Standards
The Agency is establishing BDAT treatment standards for nonwastewater
forms of newly identified pesticide TC wastes (D012-D017) and for both nonwastewater
and wastewater forms of the organic TC wastes (D018-D043). This section discusses the
BDAT treatment standards for these wastes.
As discussed above, in the final rule for the Third Third wastes (55 FR
22520), the Agency promulgated treatment standards for those D012-D017 wastes
identified as hazardous using both the TCLP and EP leaching procedures. Wastes
identified as hazardous by the TCLP but not by the EP leaching procedure are
considered to be newly identified D012-D017 wastes and not currently subject to BDAT
treatment standards. The Agency is establishing the existing treatment standards for
D012-D017 wastes, except for nonwastewater forms of D015 wastes, as the treatment
standards for all newly identified D012-D017 wastes. The Agency is changing the
treatment standard for nonwastewater forms of D015 wastes to be based on treatment
performance data that account for both isomers of the constituent from which the
treatment performance data were transferred; chlordane. The treatment standards and
constituents regulated'in nonwastewater forms of D012-D017 wastes are presented in
Table 1-3. ' '
The Agency is establishing treatment standards for both wastewater and
nonwastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes as numerically equivalent to the universal
treatment standards (i.e., universal standards). A universal standard is a single treatment
standard established for a specific constituent regardless of the waste matrix in which it •
is present, i.e., the same treatment standard applies to a particular constituent in each
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waste code in which it is regulated. The treatment standards for wastewater forms of
D018-D043 wastes presented in this document are applicable to wastes managed in
systems other than those regulated under the CWA, those regulated under the SDWA
that inject TC wastewaters into Class I injection wells, and those zero discharge facilities
that engage in CWA equivalent treatment prior to land disposal. The treatment
standards and constituents regulated in nonwastewater and wastewater forms of D018-
D043 wastes are presented in Tables 1-4 and 1-5, respectively.
The universal standards for nonwastewater forms of wastes were developed
using BDAT treatment performance data from the First, Second, and Third Thirds and
Phase I rulemakirig efforts. A summary of the development of universal standards for
the constituents regulated in nonwastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes is presented in
Appendix A of this document. A more detailed discussion of the Agency's rationale and
technical support for establishing universal standards for nonwastewater forms of wastes
is provided hi its Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background
Document for Universal Standards. Volume A: Universal Standards for Nonwastewater
Forms of Listed Hazardous Wastes (16).
The universal standards for wastewater forms of wastes are based on
treatment performance data from several sources, including the BDAT database, the
NPDES database, the WERL database, EPA-collected WAO/PACT* data, the HAD
database, industry-submitted leachate treatment performance data, data submitted by the
Chemical Manufacturers Association's Carbon Disulfide Task Force, data submitted by
the California Toxic Substances Control Division, data in literature that were already not
part of the WERL database, and data in literature submitted by-industry on the WAO
and PACT® treatment processes. These standards reflect the performance of numerous
industrial wastewater treatment systems. A summary of the development of universal
standards for the constituents regulated in wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes is
/
presented in Appendix B of this document. A more detailed discussion of the Agency's
rationale and technical support for establishing universal standards for wastewater forms
- v .
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of wastes is provided in its Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for Universal Standards. Volume B: Universal Standards for
Wastewater Forms of Listed Hazardous Wastes (23).
1.3 Contents of This Document
Section 2.0 of this document describes the industry affected by the land
disposal restrictions for D018-D043 wastes. This section also presents current treatment
and management practices and information on environmental releases of constituents of
concern. These data were acquired from a survey of facilities which manage TC wastes
and from the Agency's Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) database. Sections 3.0 and 4.0
present the BDAT treatment standards for nonwastewater and wastewater forms,
respectively, of D018-D043 wastes based upon universal treatment standards. These
sections also discuss the treatment technologies that are applicable and demonstrated for
treatment of nonwastewater and wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes, the
identification of BDAT, and the determination of the treatment standards for those
newly identified wastes. Section 4.0 presents the determination of the treatment
standards for nonwastewater forms of newly identified D012-D017 wastes. References
are presented in Section 6.0 and acknowledgements are presented in Section 7.0.
All tables and figures are located at the end of each section. References
used in preparation of this Background Document are cited throughout this document
within parentheses, e.g., (1).
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Table 1-1
Toxicity Characteristic Constituents and Regulatory Levels1
1 — : — - — -
Waste Code
D004
D005
D006
D007
D008
D009
D010
D011
D012
D013
D014
D015
D016
D017
D018
DO! 9
D020
D021
j D022
1 D023
1 D024
1 D025
D026
1 . D027
D028 •
Regulated Constituent
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
Acid (2,4-D)
2,4,5-TP (SUvex)
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlordane
Chlorobcnzcne
Chloroform
o-Cresol
m-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresols (total)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethanc
CAS Number
7440-38-2
7440-39-3
7440-43-9
7440-47-3
7439-92-1
7439-97-6
7782-49-2
7440-22-4
72-20-8
58-89-9
• 72-43-5
8001-35-2
94-75-7
93-72-1
71-43-2
56-23-5
57-74-9
108-90-7
67-66-3
95-48-7
108-39-4
106-44-5
...
106-46-7
107-06-2
Regulatory Level
(mg/L)
5.0
100
1.0
5.0
5.0
02
1.0
5.0
0.02 |
0.4
10.0
0.5
10.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.03
100 j
6.0 I
200" ' I
200* 8
200"
200b
7.5
0.5
NRJ-073
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1-11
-------
Table 1-1
(Continued)
Waste Code
D029
D030
D031
D031
D032
D033
D034
D035
D036
D037
D038
D039
' D040
D041
D042
D043
Regulated Constituent
1,1-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Hcptachlor
Hcptachlor Epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloroblitadiene
Hexachloroethane
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Nitrobenzene ' '
Pentachlorophenol
Pyridine •
Tetrachloroethylcne
Trichloroethylenc
2,4,5-TrichIorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Vinyl Chloride
CAS Number
75-35-4
121-14-2
76-44-8
1024-57-3
118-74-1
87-68-3
67-72-1
78-93-3
98-95-3
87-86-5
110-86-1
127-18-4
79-01-6
95-95-4
88-06-2
75-01-4
Regulatory Level
(mg/L)
0.7
0.13
0.008
0.008
0.13
0.5
3.0
200
2.0
100
5.0
0.7
0.5
400
2.0
0.2
•Source: USEPA. 55 FR 11798.
blf o-, m-. and p-cresol concentrations cannot be differentiated, the total cresol (D026) concentration is used.
NRJ-073
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1-12
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Table 1-2
Federal Register Notices Discussing Toxicity Characteristic Regulations
Federal Register Notice
May 19, 1980, 45 FR 33084
January 14, 1986, 51 FR 1602
June 9, 1986, 51 FR 24856
June 13, 1986, 51 £R 21648
November 7, 1986, 51 FR 40572
May 18, 1987, 52 FR 18583
Topic
Final Rule for Identification and
Listing of Hazardous Waste: Use of
EP Toxicity Test Procedure
Proposed Land Disposal Restrictions
Framework: Use of TCLP for
Compliance with Treatment Standards
Notice of Availability of Reports
Which Support the TCLP
Proposed Revisions to the
Identification and Listing of Hazardous
Waste: Use of the TCLP and
Addition of Constituents to the
Toxicity Characteristic
Final Land Disposal Restrictions
Approach: Use of the TCLP for
Compliance with Treatment Standards
Supplemental Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking: Consideration of
Separate Wastewater TC
Regulatory Component
CTRLs"
X
X
ti
•: • j:
>":;•: •
Modef
X
X
X
TCLP/EF
X
X
X
X
X
Regulatory
Levels
X
X
X
BOAT
Treatment
Standards
NIU-073
0727-03.nij
1-13
-------
Table 1-2
(Continued)
Federal Register Notice
May 19, 1988, 53 FR 18024
May' 24, 198S, 5* £R 187«)2
August 1, 198«, 53FR2H892
November 22, 1989, 54 FR 48372
March 29, 1990, 55 FR 11798
Junel, 1990, 55 FR 22520
June 29, 1990, 55 FR 26986
Topic
Notice of Data Availability and
Request for Comments; Supplement to
Proposed Rule: Use of a Generic
DAF and Chronic Toricity Reference
Level Revisions
Proposed Revisions to TCLP to
Replace Particle Reduction Step
Proposed Modifications to
Groundwater Model
Proposed Land Disposal Restrictions
for Third Third Scheduled Wastes
Identification and Listing of Hazardous
Wastes: Toricity Characteristic
Revisions, Final Rule
Final Rule for Land Disposal
Restrictions for Third Third Scheduled
Wastes
Corrections to March 29, 1990 Toxicity
Characteristic Revisions
Regulatory Component
CTRLs"
X
X
Model*
X
X
X
TCLP/EP"
X
X
X
Regulatory
*= Levels
X
X
BOAT
Treatment
Standards
X
X
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj
1-14
-------
Table 1-2
(Continued)
Federal Register Notice
October 24, 1W1, 5(»JFR 55IM)
Topic
ANPRM and Request for Comment
and Data for the Approach for
Establishing BOAT Treatment
Standards for D004-D043
i
Regulatory Component
CTRLs'
Model*
TCLP/EI*
.Regulatory
Levels
BDAT
Treatment
Standards
X
'('1'Kl.s - ( hronir loiirily Kcfcrencc levels
bN/Uxlcl -.(irounilwalcr Talc ant) I ran.sporl Model.
TC1-P/F.P - 'loxicity ("haiaritrisiK I carhmg Procedure or Extraction Procedure Leaching Test.
Sources: References 1-3, 5-15. •
N'IU-073
0727-03.nrj
1-15
-------
Table 1-3
BDAT Treatment Standards for
Nonwastewater Forms of D012-D017 Wastes
s
Waste Code
D012
D013
0014
DOL5
D016
D017
' \,>>sYi:
Regulated Constituent •
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
(2,4-D)
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
Maximum For Any Single Grab
Sampfe
Total Composition (mg/kg)
0.13
0.066
0.18
2.6
10
7.9
Source: Reference 17.
SRJ-073
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1-16
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Table 1-4
BDAT Treatment Standards for
Nonwastewater Forms of D018-D043 Wastes
Waste Code
D018
D019
D020 .
• D021
D022
D023
D024
D025
D026
D027
D028
D029
D030
D031
D031
D032
D033
D034
D035
D036
D037
D038
D039
Regulated Constituent
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Cfalordane
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
o-Cresol
m-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresols (total)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1, 1 -Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Heptachlor
Heptachlor Epoxide
Hcxachlorohcnzcnc
Hexachloro- 1.3-butadiene
Hcxachloroethane
Methyl Ethyl Kctonc
Nitrobcn/.cnc
Pcntachlorophcnol
Pyridinc
Tctrachloroelhylene
Maximum for Any
Single Grub Sample
(Total Composition
Concenitration)
(mg/kg)
10
6.0
0.26
6.0
6.0
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
6.0
6.0
6.0
140
0.066
0.066
10
5.6
30
36
. 14
7.4
16
6.0
\RJ-073
0727-03.nrj
1-17
-------
Table 1-4
(Continued)
Waste Code
D040
D041
D042
D043
•
Regulated Constituent
Trichloroethyiene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Vinyl Chloride
. Maximum for Any
Single Grab Sample
(Total Composition
Concentration)
(tug/kg)
6.0
7.4
7.4
6.0
NRJJ073
0727-03.nn
1-18
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Table 1-5
BOAT Treatment Standards for
Wastewater Forms of D018-D043 Wastes*
Waste Code
D018
DOW
D020
D021
D022
D023
D024
D025
D026
D027
D028
D029
D030
D031
D031
D032
D033
D034
D035
D036
D037
D038
.D039
Regulated Constituent
Benzene
Carbon Tctrachloride
Chlordane
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
o-Cresol
m-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresols (total)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-DichJoroethane
1, 1-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Heptachlor
Heptachlor Epoxidc
Hexachlorobenzene
H cxachloro- 1 .3-butadiene
Hcxachlorocthanc
Methyl Ethyl Kclonc
Nitrobenzene
Pcntachlorophenol
Pvridine
Tetrachloroethylene
Maximum for Any
Single Grab Sample
(Total Composition
Concentration)
(m8/L)
0.14
0.057
0.0033
0.057
0.046
0.11'
0.77
0.77
0.88
0.090
0.21
0.025
032
0.0012
0.016
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.28
0.068
0.089
0.014
0.056
NRJ-073
n727-03.nij
1-19
-------
Table 1-5
(Continued)
Waste Gxfe
D040
D041
D042
D043
Regulated Constituent
Trichloroethylene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol •
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Vinyl Chloride
; Maximum for Any
; Single Grab Sample
(Total Composition
Concentration)
(»g/L>
0.054
0.18
0.035
'027
These treatment standards for wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes are applicable to those wastes
managed in systems other than those regulated under the CWA, those regulated under the SDWA that inject
TC wastewaters into Class I injection wells, and those zero discharge facilities that engage in CWA
equivalent treatment prior to land disposal.
NRJ-073
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1-20
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2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
This section describes the industries potentially affected by the BOAT
treatment standards for D018-D043 wastes and presents available characterization data
for these newly identified organic TC wastes. This section also presents current waste
management and treatment practices and information on the environmental releases of
the constituents of concern from these wastes. These data were acquired from a survey
of facilities which manage TC wastes and from the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)
database.
2.1 Industries Affected
The Agency obtained information on the facilities which generate and/or
manage D018-D043 wastes from a survey, referred to as the TC survey, conducted by the
Office of Solid Waste, Waste Management Division, Capacity Programs Branch in
January 1992. The purpose of the survey was to evaluate the total national capacity
available for use in complying with the Land Disposal Restrictions and meeting
treatment standards for D018-D043 wastes. The Agency surveyed those facilities that it
believed land disposed the newly identified organic TC wastes. These facilities included
those which landfill hazardous wastes and those which filed permit modifications to
include D018-D043 wastes after these wastes were listed as hazardous. Of the 135
surveys sent to industry, 131 were returned. Eleven of these surveys were returned as
Confidential Business Information (CBI) and are not represented in the data included in
this section.
From the TC survey,.the Agency estimates that at least 75 facilities in the
United States generate D018-D043 wastes. Table 2-1 presents the numbers and location
of these 75 facilities which produce each organic TC waste, by waste code. Table 2-2
summarizes the numbers of these facilities by EPA region. The total number of facilities
generating organic TC wastes differs between Tables 2-1 and 2-2 because some of these
#
\RJ-073 v
0727-03.ni] ' 2-1
-------
facilities produce more than one organic TC waste. The majority of the facilities
identified in the TC survey were petroleum refineries that generate wastes that exhibit
the characteristic of toxicity for benzene (D018).
Additional information on the facilities which potentially generate D018-
D043 wastes was obtained from the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) for the TC Rule
(.19). This analysis was conducted by EPA to evaluate the costs and benefits of
developing the TC rule, in accordance with the requirements of Executive Order 12291.
As part of the RIA, the Agency characterized the affected wastes and facilities to serve
as a basis for estimating costs/economic impacts, and benefits of the TC Rule. EPA
completed detailed profiles of 15 major industrial sectors which it identified as the most
likely to generate large quantities of wastes potentially affected by the TC Rule.
In the RIA, the Agency estimated the number of facilities which generate
** *
wastes that would exhibit the TC based on constituent concentration data. EPA divided
the facilities potentially generating each waste into large and small facility size
categories, using a cutoff of 50 employees to separate large from small facilities. To
estimate the number of facilities that may potentially generate a TC waste, the Agency
multiplied the number of facilities that they believed may generate potentially hazardous
waste streams by the percentage of the total waste stream quantity which would exhibit
the TC for each facility size category. The results of this analysis were evaluated by
industrial classification and are presented in ranges from minimum to maximum in Table
2-3. An evaluation of these data indicated that small wholesale petroleum marketing
facilities represent the majority of the facilities potentially affected by the TC rule. All
of the petroleum refineries and large wholesale petroleum marketing facilities may also
be affected by the TC Other industries with large facilities that may be affected include
organic chemicals, textile mills (including wool dyeing and finishing, hosiery and knit
fabric finishing, and woven fabric finishing), plastics and resins, miscellaneous petroleum
and coal products, pulp and paper mills, and Pharmaceuticals.
NRJ-073 v
0727-03.nrj 2-2
-------
The Agency also estimated, based on constituent concentration data, the
quantity of each waste stream type (i.e., wastewaters or nonwastewaters) that would
exhibit the TC. The RIA indicated that wastewaters would account for over 99% of the
total quantity of affected wastes. These data were further analyzed by industrial
classification. The petroleum refining industry is expected to generate the largest
quantity of affected wastewaters (69%); the majority of these wastes are expected to be
classified as D018 wastes (benzene). A second industry identified as potentially
generating a large quantity of TC wastewaters is the organic chemicals industry. The
majority of these wastewaters are expected to be classified as D018 (benzene), D019
(carbon tetrachloride), D022 (chloroform), D030 (2,4-dinitrotoluene), D035 (methyl ethyl
ketone), and D043 (vinyl chloride) wastes.
Finally, an analysis of the RIA indicated that the petroleum refining
industry accounts for the largest quantity (44%) of nonwastewater forms of potential TC
wastes. Most (88%) of the nonwastewater matrices in this industry that are expected to
be impacted by the TC are sludges from primary wastewater treatment The other
industry identified as a significant potential generator of TC nonwastewaters was the
pulp and paper mill industry. .
Waste Management Practices
From the TC survey, the Agency identified facilities which manage newly
identified D018-DQ43 wastes. Some of these facilities generate and manage the wastes
on site while others receive the wastes from off site. Table 2-4 presents a summary of
management practices at these facilities by waste. management type (e.g., storage,
disposal, or treatment) and land disposal unit type (i.e., landfill, land treatment unit,
surface impoundment, or underground injection well). Results from the TC survey
indicate that most organic TC wastes are currently managed by disposal in either
landfills or underground injection wells.
NRJ-073 ' v
0727-03.nij 2-3
-------
Following the promulgation of treatment standards for D018-D043 wastes,
some of the facilities identified by the TC survey indicated that they plan to treat, on-
site, organic TC wastes that are currently managed in land disposal units. From the TC
survey, the Agency also identified treatment or recovery systems presently used for D018-
D043 wastes. The Agency, for the purpose of the TC Survey, defined treatment systems
as jagb treatment or recovery system used or planned to be used by each facility for
managing the newly identified organic TC wastes. Table 2-5 presents the types and
numbers of treatment systems currently used to manage each of the organic TC wastes.
The Agency identified 63 treatment systems that are currently used to treat D018-D043
wastes, some of which are used to treat more than one waste.
For each treatment system identified in the TC survey, the Agency
requested information concerning the ability of the treatment system to reduce the
concentration of the hazardous constituents hi the waste(s). The Agency specifically
requested information as to whether the treatment system, as currently operated, could
treat D018-D043 wastes to concentrations equivalent to the characteristic level and to
the F039 treatment standards for the corresponding constituents (i.e., to concentrations
below the characteristic level). The responses to these requests from the facilities
currently treating D018-D043 wastes are summarized in Table 2-6.
• Of the 63 treatment systems identified by the TC survey, facilities indicated
that 52 of the systems could treat D018-D043 wastes to concentrations equivalent to the
characteristic level, 7 could not treat to the characteristic level, and 4 were unsure. In
response to the survey request regarding the ability of the system to treat D018-D043
wastes to concentrations below the characteristic level, facilities indicated that 36 of the
systems could treat D018-D043 wastes to concentrations below the characteristic level, 12
could not treat to below the characteristic level, and 15 were unsure. Since some of
these treatment systems treat more than one organic TC waste, these numbers do not
correspond to the sum of the responses for the individual wastes as presented in Table
2-6.
XRJ-073
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23 Waste Characterization
Wastes exhibiting the characteristic of toxicity are identified as waste- codes
D004-D043. A waste is considered to exhibit the Toxicity Characteristic if the leachate
generated using the TCLP contains constituents at concentrations equal to or greater
than the regulatory levels listed in Table i-1. Available waste characterization data for
D018-D043 wastes were obtained from the TC survey. These data are presented in
Table 2-7. These data indicate that D018-D043 wastes represent a wide range of waste
matrices and that concentrations of the regulated constituents vary considerably.
2.4 Releases and Transfers of D018-D043 Wastes Reported in the TRI
The Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) database contains data on the
environmental releases and transfers of chemicals reported annually by facilities with
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39 to EPA, as required by
Section 313 of Title HI to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorizatiori Act (SARA)
(Title III is also known as the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-I£now Act).
The chemicals for which these data must be submitted are specified in 40 CFR 372.
These data are subsequently incorporated into a database of releases and transfers of
chemicals, known as the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) database. Most of the organic
TC constituents regulated in D018-D043 wastes are included in this database. While the
TRI data do not reflect the generation and release of the specific TC wastes, the data
represent the releases and transfers of the specific chemical constituents selected for
regulation in D018-D043 wastes.
The 1990 TRI data for total environmental releases were available for 25
of the 27 constituents regulated in D018-D043 wastes; these data indicated that
approximately 248 million pounds of these constituents were released to the
environment. Most (97%) of the total releases involved seven volatile organic
constituents. In descending order of total quantities released, these seven constituents
NRJ-073 v
<>727-03.nn 2-5
-------
were: methyl ethyl ketone, trichloroethylene, benzene, chloroform, tetrachloroethylene,
1,2-dichloroethane, and chlorobenzene.. While the releases of these seven chemicals to
the environment were relatively large, the TRI data indicate that the majority of these
releases (98%) were to air. This is supported by other EPA estimates indicating a rate
of 85% loss of volatile organics to air. An analysis of the TRI data indicated that the
magnitude of the generation of solid wastes containing these chemicals is expected to be
significantly lower than that implied by the TRI data.
The TRI database classified environmental releases into the following six
groups: air emissions, surface water discharges, underground injection, releases to land,
transfers to POTWs, and transfers to other off-site facilities. In evaluating the releases
of the TC constituents, the Agency categorized the constituents regulated in D018-D043
wastes as non-halogenated solvents, halogenated solvents, and chlorinated phenolics and
pesticides based on similarities in chemical structure and usage. A list of the
constituents within each of these three groups is presented in Table 2-8. Figures 2-1, 2-2,
and 2-3 present the 1990 TRI estimates of releases and transfers for the non-halogenated
solvents, halogenated solvents, and chlorinated phenolics and pesticides groups,
respectively. The data for these groups indicate that the majority of releases and
transfers for the two solvent groups consisted of air emissions and transfers to off-site
facilities. A larger percentage of the non-halogenated solvents than the halogenated
solvents were disposed of by underground injection and releases to land, while a higher
percentage of the halogenated solvents than the non-halogenated solvents were
discharged to surface water. The TRI data for the chlorinated phenolics and pesticides
indicate that the majority of these constituents are transferred for management off site.
The data also indicate that a large percentage of the releases for this group are to the
air.
a
The TRI data also provided the total amounts of chemicals transferred to
off-site facilities for management and to Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTWs).
The 1990 data for total releases indicated that approximately 44 million pounds of the
V
NRJ-073
0727-03.ni] 2-6 '
-------
constituents regulated in D018-D043 wastes were transferred off-site to management
facilities and POTWs. Most (91%) consisted of transfers to off-site management
facilities.
The Agency also evaluated the data on releases and transfers of TC
constituents in the TRI for calendar years 1987-1990. These data are presented in
Figures 2-4, 2-5, and 2-6. The data for the halogenated solvents, non-halogenated
solvents, and chlorinated phenolics and pesticides groups from 1987-1990 also indicate
that most of the environmental releases, of these constituents represent air emissions and
transfers to off-site facilities. Additionally, the data indicate a reduction in the
environmental releases of these constituents over this four year period.
Constituent-specific TRI data for the releases of the newly identified
organic TC constituents are presented in Appendix C
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj 2-7
-------
Table 2-1
Numbers and Locations of Generators of D018-D043 Wastes by Waste Code
Constituent
Benzene
Carbon Telrachloride
Chlordane
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
o-Cresol
m-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresol
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1, 1-Dichloroet hylene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Heptachlor/Heptachlor Epoxide
Waste
Code
DOI8
D019
D020
D021
D022
D023
D024
D025
D026
D027
D028
D029
D030
D031
Number of
Facilities
69
7
1
3
3
2
1
1
3
1
4. -
1
2
1
States (Number of Facilities Where the Waste Is
Generated) ^ *
CA (2), CO (1), DE (1), HI (1), IL (2), IN (1),
LA (7), MI (3), MT (2), NJ (2), MM (1), NV (1),
NY (1), OH (3), OK (3), OR (1), PA (2), PR (3),
TX (27), VA (2), WA (2), WY (1).
LA (2), NJ (1), OH (1), TX (3)
OH(1)
LA (1), NJ (1), OH (1)
LA(1),OH(1),TX(1)
OH (1), TX (1)
OH(1)
OH(1)
OH(1),OR(1),TX(1).
OH(1)
LA(1),NJ(1),OH(1),TX(1)
OH(1)
NJ(1),OH(1)
OH(1)
EPA Regions (Number of
Facilities Where the Waste
Is Generated)
II (6), III (5), V (9),
VI (38), VIII (4), IX (4),
X(3)
II(1),V(1),VI(5)
V(l)
II(1),V(1),VI(1)
V(1),VI(2)
V(1),V1(1)
V(l) .
V(l)
V(1),VI(1),X(1)
V(l)
II(1),V(1),VI(2)
V(l)
II(1),V(1)
V(l)
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj
2-8
-------
Table 2-1
(Continued)
Constituent
Hexachlorobcn/cnc
Hcxachlorobuladicnc
Hcxachloroclhanc
Methyl Elhyl Ki-lonc
Nilrolu:n/cnc
Pentacliloruphenol
Pyridinc
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
Viny! Chloride
Waste
Code
D032
D033
D034
D035
D036
D037
D038
D039
D040
D041
D043
Number of
Facilities
2
1
1
4
4
3
1
6
3
2
3
States (Number of Facilities Where the Waste is :
Generated) : :H
OH(1),TX(1)
OH(1)
OH(1)
OH (1), OR (1), TX (2)
NJ (1), OH (1), OR (1), TX (1)
OH (1), OR (1), TX (1)
OH (1)
NJ (1), OH (1), OR (1), SC (1), TX (2)
OH (1), OR (1), TX (1)
OR (1), TX (1)
LA (i), OH (1), PA (1)
! : EPA Regions (Number of
! Facilities Where the Waste
is Generated)
V (1), VI (1)
V(l)
V(l)
V (1), VI (2), X (1)
II (1), V (1), VI (1), X (1)
V (1), VI (1), X (1)
V (1)
II(1),IV(1),V(1),
VI (2), X (1)
V (1), VI (1), X (1)
VI(1),X(1)
HI (1), V (1), VI (1)
Source: USEPA Survey for Facilities that Land Dispose Newly Identified Organic TC Wastes (Reference 22).
Note: Data from the TC survey did not identify any facilities which generate D042 wastes.
NKJ-073
0727-03.nrj
2-9
-------
Table 2-2
Numbers of Generators of D018-D043 Wastes by EPA Region
EPA
Region
n
m
IV
V
VI
vm
K
X
Number of
Facilities*
7
6
l"
9
41
4'
4
3
Waste Codes (Number of F&dHties Where the Waste is Generated)
D018
D018
D039
D018
D025
D032
D039
D018
D028
D041
D018
D018
D018
D041
(6), D019 (1), D021 (1), D028 (1), D030 (1), D036 (1), D039 (1)
(5),D043(1)
(1)
(9), D019 (1), D020 (1), D021 (1), D022 (1), D023 (1), D024 (1),
(1), D026 (1), D027 (1), D028 (1), D029 (1), D030 (1), D031 (1),
(1), D033 (1), D034 (1), D035 (1), D036 (1), D037 (1), D038 (1),
(1), D040 (1), D043 (1)
(38), D019 (5), D021 (1), D022 (2), D023 (1), D026 (I),
(2), D032 (1), D035 (2), D036 (1), D037 (1), D039 (2), D040 (1),
(1),D043(1) .
(4)
(4)
(3), D026 (1), D035 (1), D036 (1), D037 (1), D039 (1), D040 (1),
(1)
'Some facilities produce more than one organic TC waste.
Source: USEPA Survey for Facilities that Land Dispose Newly Identified Organic TC Wastes
(Reference 22).
Note: Data from the TC survey did not indicate that there are any facilities in EPA Regions I and VII
which generate D018-D043 wastes.
NRJ-073
0727-03.ni]
2-10
-------
Table 2-3
Estimated Number of Facilities Which May Generate D018-D043 Wastes
by Industrial Classification
•
Industrial Classification
Woo! Dyeing and Finishing
Hosiery and Knil Fabric Finishing
Woven Fabric Finishing
Sawmill and Planing Mills
Pulp and Paper Mills
Plastic Materials and Resins
Synthetic Rubber
Synthetic Fibers, Cellulosic
Synthetic Fibers, Non-Cellulosic
Pharmaceuticals
Organic Chemicals
Petroleum Refining
Miscellaneous Petroleum and Coal Products
Petroleum Pipelines
Wholesale Petroleum Marketing
TOTAL"
Large Facilities*
Minimum
39
170
58
18
49
62
6
16
4
54
62
220
34
29
310
1,100
Maximum
48
440
59
18
49
200
6
16
4
54
260
220
61
29
310
1,800
Small Facilities* '
Minimum
0
330
150
59
8
83
9
0
1
170
88
0
210
200
13,000
14,000
Maximum
0
830
150
59
8
270
9
0
3
170
340
0
370
200
13,000
16,000
All Facilities*
Minimum
39
500
210
77
57
150
15
16
5
220
150
220
240
230
13,000
15,000
Maximum
48
1,300
210
77
57
470
15
16
7
220
600
220
430
230
13,000
17,000
— '" '
"Large and small facilities are differentiated based on a cutoff of 50 employees.
bTolals may not be equivalent to the sum of facilities due to rounding.
Source: Reference 19.
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj
2-11
-------
Table 2-4
Waste Management Practices Reported for D018-D043 Wastes
Constituent
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlordane
Waste Code
D018
D019
D020
Land Disposal Unit Type
Landfill
Land Treatment Unit
Surface Impoundment
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Land Treatment Unit
Surface Impoundment
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Waste Management Type
Disposal
Disposal
Treatment
Disposal
Storage
Treatment
Unspecified
Disposal
Treatment
Disposal
Treatment
Treatment
Unspecified
Disposal
Treatment
Disposal
Disposal
Number of Facilities
16
2
9
3
18
22
5
10
2
6
1
2
2
3
1
5
2
NRJ-073
0727-IB.nrj
2-12
-------
Table 2-4
(Continued)
Constituent
Chlorobcnzcnc
Chloroform
o-Crcsol
m-Cresol
p-Cresol
/
Cresol
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
Waste Code
D021
D022
D023
D024
D025
D026
D027
Land Disposal Unit "type
Landfill
Surface Impoundment
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Surface Impoundment
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Waste Management Type
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Treatment
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Treatment
Number of Facilities
3
2
2
3
1
5
1
2
4
1
1
1
2
5
3
3
'2
1
NRJ-073
0727-()3.nrj
2-13
-------
Table 2-4
(Continued)
Constituent
1,2-Dichlorocthane
1,1-Dichloroclhylcnc
2,4-Dinitrotoluenc
Heptachlor/Heptachlor Epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadienc
Hexachloroethane
Waste Code
D028
D029
D030
D031
D032
D033
D034
Land Disposal Unit Type
Landfill
Surface Impoundment
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Waste Management Type
Disposal
Disposal
Storage
Treatment
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Treatment
.Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Number of Facilities
10
1
1
1
.3
3
2
3
2
1
1
2
4
2
1
2
1
2
NIU-073
0727-03.nrj
2-14
-------
Table 2-4
(Continued)
Constituent
Mclhyl Ethyl Ketone
Nitrobenzene
Penlachlorophcnol
Pyridine
Te! rachloroet hylene
Waste Code
D035
D036
D037
D038
D039
Land Disposal Unit Type
Landfill
Surface Impoundment
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Surface Impoundment
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Land Treatment Unit
Surface Impoundment
Underground Injection Well
' ,,,,ii
• Waste Management Type
Disposal
Disposal
Treatment
Disposal
Treatment
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Treatment
Disposal
Treatment
Disposal
Treatment
SSS^^^^«=SB5=5S5SS=5=3S5=
Number of Facilities
8 1
—
1
1
6
1
4
4
3
4
.
3
10
1
1 II
1 II
4 1
I
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj •
2-15
-------
Table 2-4
(Continued)
Constituent
Trichloroclhylcnc
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlornphcnol
Vinyl Chloride
Waste Code
D040
D041
D042
D043
Land Disposal Unit Type
Landfill
Surface Impoundment
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Underground Injection Well
Landfill
Surface Impoundment
Underground Injection Well
Waste Management Typt
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Disposal
Storage
Disposal
Number of Facilities
8
1
3
2
2
2
.1 .
6
2
2
Source:
USEPA Survey for Facilities that Land Dispose Newly Identified Organic TC Wastes (Reference 22).
NRJ-073
• 0727-03.nrj
2-16
-------
Table 2-5
Treatment Technologies Used to Manage D018-D043 Wastes
Constituent ,_. :
Benzene
.
Carbon Tctrachioride
Waste
Code
D018
D019
l^atment Tediiiolosy
Air Flotation
Air Stripping
API Separator
Biological Treatment
Biological Treatment/Carbon Adsorption
Boiler
Equalization
Filtration/Underground Injection Well
Incineration
Land Treatment Unit
PACT*
Recovery
Sludge Dewatering
Soil Bioremediation
Stabilization
Steam Stripping
UV Oxidation
Wastewatcr Treatment (API, Biological
Treatment, Air Flotation)
Air Stripping
Biological Treatment
Filtration/Underground Injection Well
Incineration
Industrial Furnace
Steam Stripping
Number of
Treatment
' Systems
1
2
2 '
21
1
2
1
1
2
. 3
1
1
3
1
1
4
1
2 .
1
' 2
1
1
1
1
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj
2-17
-------
Table 2-5
(Continued)
Constituent
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
o-Cresol
m-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresol
1,4-Dichloroben-* :ne
1 ,2-Dichlorocthane
.-
Waste
Code
D021
D022
D023
D024
D"25
D026
EX)27
D028
Treatment Technology
Biological Treatment
Incineration
Air Stripping
Biological Treatment
Filtration/Underground Injection Well
Incineration
Industrial Furnace
Steam Stripping
Biological Treatment
Incineration
Biological Treatment
Biological Treatment
Biological Treatment
Biological Treatment/Carbon Adsorption
Boiler
Soil Bioremediation
Biological Treatment
Incineratior
Filtration/Underground Injection Well
Steam Stripping .
Air Stripping ,
Biological Treatment
Carbon Adsorption
Incineration
Industrial Furnace
Steam Stripping
Number of
Treatment
Systems
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
NRJ-073
0727-03,ni)
2-18
-------
Table 2-5
(Continued)
Constituent
1,1-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene .
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroethane
.viethyi Ethyl .v.;tone
Nilrohcn/cne
Pentachlorophcnol
Waste
Code
D029
D030
D032
D033
D034
D035
D036
D037
Treatment Technology
Air Stripping
Biological Treatment
Carbon Adsorption
Incineration
Steam Stripping
Biological Treatment/Sludge Dewatering
Incineration
Biological Treatment
Incineration
Industrial Furnace
Steam Stripping
Biological Treatment
Incineration
Steam Stripping
Biological Treatment
Incineration
Industrial Furnace
Biologica' "reatment
Boiler
Incinerator
Steam Stripping
Incineration
Steam Stripping
Biological Treatment
Incineration
Land Treatment Unit
Numoer of
Treatment
Systems
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
NRJ-073
0727-03.nij
2-19
-------
Table 2-5
(Continued)
Constituent
Pyridine
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichlorocthylcnc
Vinyl Chloride
Waste
Code
D038
D039
D040
Dr13
Treatment Technology
Incineration ,•
Steam Stripping
Biological Treatment
Incineration
Industrial Furnace
Steam Stripping
Air Stripping
Biological Treatment
Carbon Adsorption
Incineration v
Steam Stripping
Air Stripping
Incineration
Industrial Furnace
Sludge Dewatering
Number of
Treatment
Systems
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
Source: USEPA Survey for Facilities That Land Dispose Newly Identified Organic TC Wastes
(Reference 22).
PACT* - Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment
Note: Data from the TC survey did not indicate treatment systems currently used to treat D020, D031,
D041, and D042 wastes.,
Some treatment systems identified by the TC Survey treat more than one organic TC waste.
NRJ-073
0727.03.nri
2-20
-------
Table 2-6
Levels Facilities Reported as Achievable for Treatment
of D018-D043 Wastes
• '"• :'' ' • • Constituents ^.K^M:;.
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
o-Cresol
m-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresol
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroethane
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Nitrobenzene
Pcnlachlorophenol
Pyridinc
Tetrachloroelhylene
Trichlorocthylene
Vinyl Chloride
Waste
Code
D018
D019
D021
D022
D023
D024
D025
D026
D027
D028
D029
D030
D032
D033
D034
D035
D036
D037
D038
D039
D040
D043
Number of Treatment
Systems Reportedly Able to
Treat Waste to TC
Regulatory Level KV
-;.:,:ifes"
33
4
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
3
2
->
•>
3
3
2
^:-»&
6
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
•:-WTr:;:.."";!::;.
Unsure
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Number of Treatment 1
Systems Reportedly Able to
Treat Waste to Below TC
Regulatory Level
?i;::*e»
23
2
2
0
0
0
0
•0
0
1
0
2
1
0
0 .
2
1
0
1
1
2
2
No
8
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
Unsure
10
1
0 I
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
"
• —
0
0
0
o I
1
1 I
0
1 1
1 I
o I
Source:
USEPA Questionnaire for Facilities that Land Dispose Newly Identified Organic TC Wastes
(Reference 22).
Note: Data from ihe TC survey did not indicate treatment systems currently used to treat D020 D031
D041. and D042 wastes.
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj
Some treatment systems identified by the TC Survey treat more than one organic TC waste.
2-21
-------
Table 2-7
Waste Characterization Data for D018-D043 Wastes
Waste Code
D018
D019
D020
D021
D022
D023 •
D024
D025
D026
D027
D028
D029
D030
D031
D032
D033'
D034
D035
• D036
D037
D038
D039
D040
D041
D042
D043
Constituent Selected for
Regulation
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlordane
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
o-Cresol
m-Crcsol ,
p-Cresol
Crcsols (total)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Heptachlor/Heptachlor Epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroethane
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Nitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Pyridine
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylenc
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Vinyl Chloride
Concentration Range*
(ppm)
0.5-200,000
0.5-100,000
438-1,000
100-5,000
6-10,000
200-10,000
200-10,000
200-540
250-10,000
7.5-10,000
0.5-64,000
0.7-20,000
0.47-2,000
0.1-0352
0.13-200
>0.5
3-10
200-350,000
2-14,000
' 100-950,000
5-16,000
0.7-10,000
0.5-500,000
>400
>2
0.2-1,000
The TC Survey did not clearly identify whether these analytical results were based on total composition or
TCLP waste extract analysis.
Source: USEPA Survey for Facilities that Land Dispose Newly Identified Organic TC Wastes
(Reference 22). '
NRJ-073
0727-03.nTj
2-22
-------
Table 2-8
TC Constituents Which Comprise the
Non-Halogenated Solvents, Halogenated Solvents, and
Chlorinated Phenolics and Pesticides Groups
Non-Halogenated Solvents
D018 - Benzene
D023 - o-Cresol
D024 - m-Cresol
D025 - p-Cresol
D026 - Cresol (mixed isomers)
D030 - 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
D035 - Methyl Ethyl Ketone
D036 - Nitrobenzene
D038 - Pyridine
Halogenated Solvents
D019 - Carbon Tetrachloride
D021 - Chlorobenzene
D022 - Chloroform
D027 - 1,4-Dichlorobenzene .
D028 - 1,2-Dichloroethane
D029 - 1,1-Dichloroethylene
D032 - Hexachlorobenzene
D033 r Hexachlorobutadiene
D034 - Hexachloroethane
D039 - Tetrachloroethylene
D040 - Trichloroethylene
D043 - Vinyl Chloride
Chlorinated Phenolics and Pesticides
D020 - Chlordane
D031 - Heptachlor
D031 - Heptachlor Epoxide
D037 - Pentachlorophenol
D041 - 2.4,5-Trichlorophenol
D042 - 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
NRJ-073 v
0727-03.nrj 2-23
-------
1990 Releases 152 Million Pounds
1990 Transfers 24.8 Million Pounds
Air Emissions
Surf ace Water
Discharges
Underground Injection
Releases to Land
147 million
107,000
3.60 million
816,000
Transfers to POTWs
Transfers to Other
Off-site Locations
2.68 million
22.1 million
Off-site Transfers 12.5%
POTWs 1.5%
Land 0.5%
Underground
Injection 2.0%
Surface
Water 0.1%
Releases
CD Surface water
D Land.
S Underground
Injection
Transfers
S3 TOTWs
Q Ot'l'-site Transfers
Air 83.4%
Source: Reference 18
Figure 2-1
1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of Non-Halogenated Solvents
2-24
-------
1990 Releases
96.9 Million Pounds
1990 Transfers 19.6 Million Pounds
Air Emissions
Surface Water
Discharges
Underground Injection
Releases to Land
94.6 million
1.18 million
1.01 million
87,500
Transfers to POTWs
Transfers to Other
Off-site Locations
1.55 million
18.0 million
Off-site Transfers 15.5%
POTWs 1.33%
Underground
Injection 0.9%
Surface Water 1.1%
Releases
C3 Surface water
D Land
H Underground
Iniectior
Transfers
S3 roTWb •
E] Off-bite Tranbtcrs
Land 0.1%
Air 81.2%
Source: Reference 18
Figure 2-2
1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of Halogenated Solvents
\IU \S\-il4;
"'"O-i Onr
-------
1990 Releases
36,100 Pounds
1990 Transfers
165,000 Pounds
Air Emissions • 31,500
Surf ace Water 2,660
Discharges
Underground Injection 0
Releases to Land 1,940
Transfers to POTWs
Transfers to Other
Off-site Locations
4,500
161,000
Off-site
Transfers
79.9%
Releases
•«^-^——— ^
l~1 Suriace water
D Land
13 Underground
iriucuon
Source: Reference 18
Air 15.6%
Transfers
S POTVV.s
E3 Off-site Transfers
Figure 2-3
Surf ace Water 1.3%
Land 1.0%
POTWs 2.2%
Underground
Injection 0.0%
1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of Chlorinated Phenolics and Pesticides
\KJ
2-2t>
-------
1987
Pounds
1988
Pounds
1989
Pounds
1990
Pounds
Releases
Air Emissions
Surface Water
Discharges
Underground Injection
Releases to Land .
Transfers
Transfers to POTWs
Transfers to Other
Off-site Locations
191 million 169 million 163 million 147 million
412,000 154,000 265,000 107,000
4.46 million 4.50 million 4.35 million 3.60 million
1.08 million 387,000 305,000 816,000
2.91 million 4.21 million. 4.65 minion 2.68 million
58.7 million 36.6 million 33.6 million 22.1 million
Millions of Pounds
?nn
150.
100 -
50.
oJ
PI ^
ipi
fe
s^>
>4A
*v
l
\
%
fe
%i.
M:
1
|
/-
%
1
-
Air ' Surface Underground Land POTWs
Water Inunction
. D 1987 EJ 1988 O 19S9 E-J 1990
I
>
^_?
h
b
Off-site
Transfers
Source: Reference 18
Figure 2-4
1987-1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of Non-Halogenated Solvents
MU \\V-i4i
2-27
-------
1987
Pounds
1988
Pounds
1989
Pounds
1990
Pounds
Releases
Air Emissions
Surface Water
Discharges
Underground Injection
Releases to Land
Transfers
Transfers to POTWs
Transfers to Other
Off-site Locations
132 million 130 million 118 million 94.6 million
1.57 million 1.33 million 1.60 million 1.18 million
1.98 million 1.75 million 1.42 million 1.01 million
147,000 223,000 103,000 87,600
3.59 million 4.01 million 3.32 million 1.55 million
38.4 million 27.7 million 24.8 million 18.0 million
Millions of Founds
200
150.
100-
50.
n
•
•
n
$
M
^
IT
1
&*
%
1
Air Surface ' Underground Land POTWs
Water Injection
D 1987 0 1988 n 1989 E3 1990
ft
1
«4S
N
Off-site
Transfers
Source: Reference 18
Figure 2-5
1987-1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of Halogenated Solvents
\IU \\VJi4l
2-28 '
-------
Releases
Air Emissions
Surface Water
Discharges
Underground Injection
Releases to Land .
Transfers
Transfers to POTWs
Transfers to Other
Off-site Locations
1987
Pounds
32,100
3,410
43,800
65,200
29,900
460,000
1988
Pounds
64,000
2320
36,300
3,720
4,790
678,000
1989
Pounds
18,700
6,080
0
7,160
8,100
164,000
1990
Pounds
31,500
2,660
0
1,940
4,510
161,000
Thousands of Pounds
800.
600.
400.
200.
Air
Surface Underground
Water Injection
Land
1987
1988
1989
POTWs
1990
Off-site
Transfers
Source: Reference 18
Figure 2-6
1987-1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of Chlorinated Phenolics
and Pesticides
\IU \\v-mi
-------
-------
3.0 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NONWASTEWATER FORMS
OF D018-D043 WASTES
This section discusses the identification of the Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) for treatment of nonwastewater forms of D018-D043
wastes and presents development of the BDAT treatment standards for the regulated
constituents.
3.1 Identification of BDAT
This section discusses the Agency's determination of applicable and
demonstrated technologies and BDAT for treatment of nonwastewater forms of D018-
D043 wastes.
In order to establish BDAT, the Agency first identifies which technologies
are applicable for treatment of the waste of interest To be applicable, a technology
must be usable, in theory, to treat the waste in question or a waste that is judged to be
similar in terms of parameters that affect treatment selection. Detailed descriptions of
technologies that are applicable for the treatment of listed hazardous wastes are
provided in EPA's Treatment Technology Background Document (20). The
identification of treatment technologies as applicable for treating listed hazardous wastes
is based on current waste management practices, current literature sources, field testing,
data submitted by equipment manufacturers and industrial concerns, plus the engineering
judgement of EPA technical staff personnel.
The Agency next determines which of the applicable technologies are
demonstrated for treatment of the wastes. To be demonstrated, a technology must be
used in a full-scale operation for treatment of the waste of interest or a similar waste.
Technologies that are available only at pilot- or bench-scale operations are not
considered in identifying demonstrated technologies.
NRJ-073 • •
0727-03.nrj V 3-1 . • .
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The Agency determines which of the demonstrated technologies is "best"
based on treatment performance data for the constituents of interest, and determines
whether this "best" demonstrated technology is also commercially "available." If the
"best" demonstrated technology is considered to be "available," then that technology is
determined to represent BDAT.
3.1.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
Because nonwastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes contain organic
constituents at treatable concentrations, applicable treatment technologies include those
that destroy or reduce the total amount of various organic compounds hi the waste. The
Agency has identified the following technologies as being applicable for treatment of
nonwastewater forms of these wastes:
Critical fluid extraction;
Fuel substitution;
High temperature thermal distillation;
Incineration;
Pressure filtration;
Solvent extraction;
Thermal desorption; and
Total recycle or reuse.
The concentrations and type(s) of constituents present in the waste
/
generally determine which technology is most applicable for treatment of that waste. A
brief discussion of each of the technologies identified as applicable for treatment of the
constituents in nonwastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes is given below (20).
Critical Fluid Extraction
Critical fluid extraction is a separation and recovery technology in which a
solvent is brought to its critical state (liquefied gas) to extract organic constituents from a
NRJ-073
0727-03.ni] v 3-2
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waste. The solvents used are usually gases when at ambient conditions. For the
extraction procedure, the solvent is pressurized, which converts it from a gas .to a liquid.
As a liquid, it dissolves the organic constituents and removes them from the waste.
matrix. After the extraction, the solvent is returned to its gaseous state; a small volume
of extract remains which contains high concentrations of organic constituents. This
technology generates, two residuals: a treated waste residual and an extract. The extract
is often recycled or treated by incineration.
Fuel Substitution
Fuel substitution is a destruction technology in which heat is transferred to
a waste to destabilize chemical bonds and destroy organic constituents. Fuel substitution
involves using hazardous waste as fuel in industrial furnaces and boilers. The hazardous
waste may be blended with other nonhazardous wastes (e.g., municipal sludge) and/or
fossil fuels. Fuel substitution has been used in the treatment of industrial waste solvents;
refinery wastes, synthetic fibers/petrochemical wastes, waste oils, and wastes produced
during the manufacture of Pharmaceuticals, pulp and paper, and pesticides. Fuel
substitution generates two residuals: ash and scrubber water.
High Temperature Thermal Distillation
High temperature thermal distillation is a separation and recovery
technology that subjects hydrocarbon-bearing wastewaters to indirect, electrically-
generated heat in an inert atmosphere. The process removes all toxic volatilized
hydrocarbon constituents from a waste; the constituents can be recovered subsequently in
a reusable form by cooling the hydrocarbon-bearing inert gases at high pressure. This
process generates two residuals: a treated waste residual and an extract.
NRJ-073
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Incineration .
Incineration is a destruction technology in which heat is transferred to the
waste to destabilize chemical bonds and destroy hazardous organic constituents. Three
incineration technologies are applicable for organics in nonwastewaters: liquid injection,
rotary kiln, and fiuidized bed.
In a liquid injection incinerator, liquid wastes are atomized and injected
into the incinerator, where additional heat is supplied to destabilize chemical bonds in
the presence of air or oxygen. Once the chemical bonds are broken, these constituents
react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor. Liquid injection is applicable
to wastes with low viscosity values, small particle size, and low suspended solids content.
Since only wastes with low or negligible ash contents are amenable to liquid injection
incineration, this technology does not normally generate an ash residual, but does
generate a scrubber water residual.
In a rotary kiln incinerator, solid and/or semi-solid wastes are fed into the
elevated slope end of the kiln. The rotation of the kiln mixes the waste with hot gases.
Eventually, the waste reaches its ignition temperature, and the waste is converted to gas
and ash through volatilization and combustion reactions. Ash is removed from the lower
slope-end of the kiln. Combustion gases from the kiln, containing volatilized and
partially combusted waste constituents, enter an afterburner for further combustion to
complete the destruction of the organic waste constituents. Other wastes are often
injected into the afterburner. ,
In a fluidized-bed incinerator, solid and/or semi-solid wastes are injected
into a fiuidized material (generally sand and/or incinerator ash), where they are heated
to their ignition temperature. • In the incinerator, the waste is converted to gas and ash
through volatilization and combustion reactions. Heat energy from the combustion
reaction is then transferred back to the fluidized-bed. The velocity of the combustion
NRJ-073 v
0727-03,ni] 3-4
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gases is reduced in a wider space above the bed, known as the "freeboard," allowing
larger ash and unburned waste particles to fall back into the bed. Ash is removed
periodically both during operation and during bed change-outs.
Combustion gases from all three types of incineration are fed into a
scrubber system for cooling and removal of any entrained particles and acid gases. In
general, with the exception of liquid injection incineration, two residuals are generated
by the incineration process: ash and scrubber water.
Pressure Filtration
Pressure filtration, also known as sludge filtration, sludge dewatering, or
cake-formation filtration, is a separation and recovery technology used for wastes that
contain high concentrations (> 1%) of suspended solids. Filtration separates particles
from a fluid/particle mixture by passing the fluid through a medium that permits the
flow of the fluid but retains the particles. Sludge filtration is commonly applied to waste
sludges such as clarifier sludges; typically, these sludges can be dewatered to 20 to 50%
solids concentration using this technology. Pressure filtration generates two residuals:
dewatered sludge and water.
Solvent Extraction
Solvent extraction is a separation and recovery technology that removes
organic constituents from a waste by mixing the waste with a solvent that preferentially
dissolves and removes the constituents of concern from the waste. Wastes commonly
treated by this technology have a broad range of total organic content; selection of an
appropriate solvent is dependent on the relative solubilities of the constituents to be
removed and the other organic compounds in the waste. Organics are removed from the
waste due to greater constituent solubility in the solvent phase than in the waste phase.
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Solvent extraction generates two residuals: a treated residual and an extract. The
extract is often recycled or treated by incineration.
Thermal Desorption
Thermal desorption is a separation and recovery technology in which heat
is used to volatilize organic constituents from wastes. Thermal desorption has been
defined as a thermal treatment that uses direct or indirect heat exchange to elevate the
temperature of a waste, thereby volatilizing the organic constituents. Thermal desorption
differs from thermal destruction (incineration) in the way in which the organic
constituents are treated. The objective of thermal desorption is to sufficiently elevate
the temperature of the organic constituents to effect a phase separation to a gaseous
state without combustion; the objective of incineration is to combust the organic
constituents. Thermal desorption units function by creating steam from the volatilization
of the moisture in the waste from heating. The steam tends to strip organic compounds
from the waste and aids in the volatilization of organic compounds. Generally, this
technology generates two residuals: a treated waste residual and an extract.
Total Recycle or Reuse
Total recycle or reuse of a waste within the same process or an external
process eliminates the generation of the waste and subsequently generates no treatment
residuals. • .
3.1.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
Demonstrated technologies are those which have been demonstrated on a
full-scale basis for treatment of the waste of interest or a similar waste. The Agency has
no available data for the treatment of nonwastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes as
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0727-03.ni) 3-6
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'•• •• -
generated, :/jjjjjjj^$ney, however, has identified incineration as a demonstrated
treatment tecEtoiosr for treatment of a similar waste, F039.
The Agency believes that F039 wastes are similar to D018-D043 wastes.
F039 wastes are generated from many different sources and vary in concentration levels
much like the TC wastes. Additionally, the F039 treatment performance database
represents most of the BDAT treatment performance data available to the Agency for
treatment of the organic Toxicity Characteristic constituents. The Agency believes that
since both F039 and D018-D043 wastes represent a wide range of waste matrices and
concentrations of the constituents selected for regulation in D018-D043 wastes, the
demonstrated technologies for F039 wastes should also be considered demonstrated for
D018-D043 wastes.
Since the Agency has no indication that any of the other applicable
technologies are demonstrated in full-scale operation for treatment of the wastes of
interest or similar wastes, incineration is the only technology identified as demonstrated
for treatment of nonwastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes.
3.13 Identification of BDAT
•' -f
. The Agency determines BDAT based on a thorough review of all data on
the treatment of the waste of concern or wastes judged to be similar. Once identified,
the "best" per^ftii^demonstrated technology is evaluated to determine whether this
" "•'• stS^SalFSsfelsii?*'"' T'^' /""- '• • ""'* •' * " "
treatment tpl^vailable. To be "available," a technology (1) must provide
ndi (2) must be commercially available. If the "best" demonstrated
technology is ''av|||ite,'' then the technology is determined to represent BDAT.
__ . ' i ' ...':,'
The Agency has determined that incineration, the only technology
demonstrated, provides substantial treatment or" a similar waste, F039, based on the
reduction of all organic constituents of interest to nondetectable concentrations. In
NRJ-073 V , ''
0727-03.nij . 3-7 •
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addition to providing substantial treatment, incineration is commercially available,
meeting the second criterion of "availability." Therefore, incineration represents BDAT
for nonwastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes.
The Agency notes, however, that when it establishes concentration-based
treatment standards, the regulated community may use any non-prohibited technology to
treat the waste to meet the treatment standards. Compliance with a concentration-based
treatment standard requires only that the.effluent concentration be achieved; once
achieved, the waste may be land disposed. The waste need not be treated by the
technology identified as BDAT; in fact, concentration-based treatment standards provide
flexibility in the choice of a treatment technology. Any treatment, including recycling or
any combination of treatment technologies, unless prohibited (e.g., impermissible
dilution) or defined as land disposal (e.g., land treatment), may be used to achieve these
standards.
3.2 Identification of BDAT Treatment Standards
The Agency is transferring universal standards to the constituents regulated
in nonwastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes. A universal standard is a concentration
limit established for a specific constituent regardless of the waste matrix in which it is
present. Table 3-1 presents the specific treatment performance data used to determine
the universal standards for the constituents regulated in these wastes.
Universal standards for the constituents regulated in nonwastewater forms
of D018-DQ43 wastes were based upon incineration treatment performance data. These
data represent BDAT for wastes included in previous rulemakings, and, therefore, have
been judged t6 meet the Agency's requirements of BDAT. Thus, incineration was
determined to be BDAT for the constituents of interest in universal standards. Because
incineration has been identified as BDAT for DQ18-D043 wastes, the Agency feels it is
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appropriate to/transfer universal standards to the constituents selected for regulation in
nonwastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes.
The treatment standards database and methodology for identifying
universal standards for constituents in nonwastewater forms of toxicity characteristic
wastes are presented in Appendix A of this document A more detailed discussion
concerning the determination of universal standards for nonwastewater forms of listed
hazardous wastes is provided in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BOAT) Background Document for Universal Standards. Volume A: Universal
Standards for Nonwastewater Forms nf T.isted Hazardous Wastes (16).
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Table 3-1
Determination of BOAT Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater
Forms of DO 18-D043 Wastes Based on Universal Standards
Waste Code and Regulated
Constituent
D018 - Benzene
tf()19 - Carbon Telrachloride
D020 - Chlordanc .
D021 - Chlornben/cne
D022 - Chloroform
D023 - o-Cresol
D024 - m-Cresol
D025 - p-Cresol
D026 - Cresols (total)d
D027 - 1,4-DichIorohenzene
Waste Code frum
Which the
UniTmiil
Treatment
Standard Data
Were Transferred
K083
K021, K073
K032, K(W7
K019, F039,
U157
K(H)9, KOK),
K019, K029,
F025, K021,
K073
F039, U052
F039, U052
F039, U052
F039, U052
F039, U072
Treatment Test
from Which
Performance Data*
Were Transferred
K019
K019
John Zinkc
(Test 2)
K019
K019
K019
K019
K019
K019
K019
Constituent fran Wfekb
the Concentration ta .
Treated Watte Wu
Tnuufemd
Benzene
Carbon
Tetrachloride
Chlordane
(alpha and gamma)
Chlorobenzenc
Chloroform
o-Cresol
m- and p-Cresol
m- and p-Cresol
o-Cresol
1,4-
Dichlorobenzene
Coaceatratton
in Treated
Waste (tag/kg)
<2.0
<2.0
<0.026
<2.0
<2.0
<2.0
<2.0
<2.0
<2.0
<2.0
CwwtilueDt frwm WMck
UM Accuracy Cdmdl«i
Data Were Transferred
Benzene
Carbon
Tetrachloride
Chlordane
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
p-Chloro-m-cresol
p-Chloro-m-cresol .
p-Chloro-m-cresol
p-Chloro-m-cresol
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Accmracy
Correction
Factor
(Matrix Spike*
Recojery)
1.18 (85)
1.06 (94)k
3.57 (28)"
1.01 (99)
1.06 (94)k
1(110)
1(110)
1 (110)
1 (110)
1.11 (90)
VariabttJty
Factor
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
BOAT
Treat**
StawJatt
(«i*0
10
6.0
0.26
6.0
6.0
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
6.0
< - indicates a detection limit value; the concentration value represents the detection limit.
•Performance data consist of the concentration in treated waste, accuracy correction factor, and variability factor.
This number represents an average of matrix spike recovery values.
ITiis test represented the incineration of waste code U127 and POS9.
Jlf m-, o, and p-cresol concentrations cannot be differentiated, the total cresol (D026) concentration is used.
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj
3-10
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Table 34
(Continued)
Waste Code and Regulated
Constituent
D028 - 1,2-Dichlordelhane
t
D029 - 1,1-Dichloroclhylcne
D030 - 2,4 Dinilrololuene
D031 - Heplachlor
D031 - Heptachlur Epoxide
D032 - Hexachlorobenzene •
D033 - Hexachlorobutadiene
D034 • Hexachloroethane
D035 - Methyl ethyl ketone
Waste Cod* from
; jwifefctiiw
.>/r,IMwMl „
' T«*tw«jrt
Standard Dat a
Wen Transferred
K018.KOI9,
K020, K029,
F025 '
K02«), RES-
.FU.W, UI05
F03'), P()5«>,
K032, K(W7
FIKW, P059,
K032, K097
K085
K016, K018,
K028, K030
K016.K018,
K073, K095
F039, K086,
U159
Treatment Tot
fromWhkli
PerfcinainceData*
WereTrttufemd
P19
K019
K019
John Zink"
(Test 2)
John Zink0
(Test 2)
John Zink0
(Test 2)
K019
KOI?
KQ19
Constituent from WWcfc
IkeCoMertbrttiwiB
Treated Watte W«
TmuCmwd
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Heptachlor
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Naphthalene
Hexachloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Cooceatratka
kTrarted
Wtfte'dng/ki)
<2.0
<2.0
<50
<0.0066
<0.0066
<033
<2.0
<10.0
<10.0
CwBtituent fro* WUcfc
the Accwvcy Camctiw
OaUWenTnMtfemit
1,2-Dichloroethanc
1,1-Dichloroefhane
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Heptachlor
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Naphthalene
Hexachloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Accuracy
Correcttoo
Factor
(Matrii Spike*
ito»»tty)
1.06 (94)"
1.06 (94)k
1 (107)
357(28)
357(28)
4.76 (21)
1 (103)k
l(103)k
1.28 (78)
i-
' »
S
>.
Variability
Factor
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
f
2.8
i ^yi
', '* vri'sjS
m
Ts3
' . «1
•• "'^1
. •vl
*$
• 6Xlo||
' "t.fj-l
140 ^
,,;,;ig
0.066
ft063.nrj
3-11
-------
Table 3-1
(Continued)
Waste Code and Regulated
Constituent
D036 • Nitrobenzene
/
D037 • Penlachlorophenol
D038 - Pyridine
D039 - Tetrachloroclhylene
D040 - Trichloroelhylene
D041 - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
D042 - 2,4,6-TrichIorophenol
D043 - Vinyl Chloride
Waste Code from
Which the
Universal
Treatment
Standard Data
Were Transferred
F039, K086,
U169
K083 -
F()3<), K(X)I,
U051
F039, U196
KOI 9, K02D,
K028, K030,
K073, K()95,
K096
F025, F039,
K086, U228,
K095, K096
F039
F039
K029
Treatment Test
front Whick
Perform aaceDaUf
Were Transferred
K019
K019
K001-PCP
K001-PCP
K019
K019
K001-PCP
K001-PCP
K019
Constituent IrMk Which
the Concentration it
Treated WaritWa*
TnuuffcnretV
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Pyridine
Tetrachloroethylerie
Trichloroethylene
Pentachlorophenol
Pentachlorophenol
Chloroform
Concentration
in Treated '
Wait«(mg/kg)
<5.0
<5.0
<2.5
<5.0
<2.0
<2.0
<\25
<\25
<2.0
CpMtittteut from Which
th* Accuracy C«rr«cti*«
Data Were TraatfeiTMl
4-Nitrophenol
Nitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Benzene
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
Pentachlorophenol
Pentachlorophenol
Chloroform
Accuracy
Correctioo
Factor
(MUriiSr*«%
ReeoTery)
1.03 (97)
1 (103)k
1.05 (95)
1.14 (88)
1.06 (94)b
1(107)
1.05 (95)
1.05 (95)
1.06 (94)fc
Variability
Factor
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
BOAT ;
Treat****
frHADs?
14
7-4
16
6.0
6.0
7.4
7.4
6.0
< - indicates a detection limit value; the concentration value represents the detection limit.
•Performance data consist of the concentration in treated waste, accuracy correction factor, and variability factor.
'This number represents an average of matrix spike recovery values.
This test represented the incineration of waste code U127 and POS9.
'If m-, o-, and p-cresol concentrations cannot be differentiated, the total cresol (D026) concentration is used.
Source: Reference 16.
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4-0 *Jj^T TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR WASTEWATER FORMS OF
D018-D043 WASTES
This section discusses the identification of Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BDAT) for treatment of wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes and
presents the development of the BDAT treatment standards for the regulated
constituents. The treatment standards for wastewater forms of wastes are applicable to
wastes managed in systems other than those regulated under the CWA, those regulated
under the SDWA that inject TC wastewater into Class I injection wells, and those zero
discharge facilities that engage in CWA equivalent treatment prior to land disposal,
4.1 Identification of BDAT
This section discusses the Agency's determination of applicable and
demonstrated technologies and BDAT for treatment of wastewater forms of D018-D043
wastes. However, any treatment technology which reduces the concentration of
regulated constituents to the level of the treatment standards and is not considered
impermissible dilution is also acceptable. • ,
In order to establish BDAT, the Agency first identifies which technologies
are "applicable" for treatment of the constituents of interest. An applicable technology is
one which, in theory, can treat the waste in question or a waste similar to the waste in
question in te^pgfjparameters that affect treatment selection. Detailed descriptions of
the technoj^^^l^tified; as applicable, for the treatment of listed hazardous wastes are
provided irt^^giJbeatment Technology Background Document (20): The basis of
identifying treatment technologies as applicable for treating BDAT List constituents is
evaluation of current waste management practices, current literature sources, field
testing, data submitted by equipment manufacturers and industrial concerns, plus
engineering judgement of EPA technical staff personnel.
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The Agency next determines which of the applicable technologies are
"demonstrated" for treatment of the wastes. To be designated as demonstrated, a
technology must be used in a full-scale operation for treatment of the waste of interest
or a similar waste. Technologies that are. available only at pilot- or bench-scale
operations are not considered demonstrated technologies.
The Agency determines which of the demonstrated technologies is "best" by
comparing available treatment performance data from as many systems as possible for
the constituents of interest, and determines whether this "best" demonstrated technology
* •
is also commercially "available." If the "best" demonstrated technology is "available,"
then the technology is determined to represent BOAT.
4.1.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
Because wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes contain organic
constituents at treatable concentrations, applicable treatment technologies include those
that destroy or reduce the total amount of organic constituents in the waste. The
technologies listed below are applicable for treatment of organic constituents in
wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes:
• Biological treatment (including aerobic fixed film, aerobic lagoon,
activated sludge, filtration, anaerobic fixed film, rotating biological
contactor, sequential batch reactor, and trickling filter technologies);
• Carbon adsorption (including activated carbon and granular
activated carbon technologies);
• Chemical oxidation;
• Chemically assisted clarification (including chemical precipitation
technology);
• PACT® treatment (including powdered activated carbon addition to-
activated sludge and biological granular activated carbon
technologies);
\RJ-073
0727-03.no v 4-2
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^
• Reverse osmosis;
* Solvent extraction (including liquid-liquid extraction technology);
• Stripping treatment (including steam stripping and air stripome
technologies); and
• Wet air oxidation (including supercritical oxidation technology)..
The concentration and type(s) of waste constituents present in the waste
generally determine which technology is most applicable. A brief discussion of each of
the technologies identified as applicable for the treatment of constituents in wastewater
forms of D018-D043 wastes is given below (20).
Biological Treatment
Biological treatment includes aerobic fixed film, aerobic lagoons, activated
sludge, anaerobic fixed film, rotating biological contactor, sequential batch reactor, and
trickling filter technologies. Biological treatment is a destruction technology in which
organic constituents in wastewaters are biodegraded. This technology generates two
treatment residuals: a treated effluent,and a waste biosludge.
Carbon Adsorption
Carbon adsorption is a separation technology in which hazardous organic
constituents in wastewaters are selectively adsorbed onto activated carbon. This
technology gen^tes two treatment residuals: a treated effluent and spent activated
carbon. The sp;
-------
Chemical
Chemical oxidation is. a destruction technology in which inorganic cyanide,
some dissolved organic compounds, and sulfides are chemically oxidized to yield carbon
dioxide, water, salts, simple organic acids, and, in the case of sulfides, sulfur. This
technology generates one treatment residual: treated effluent-
Chemically Assisted Clarification
Chemically assisted clarification, including chemical precipitation, is a
separation technology in which coagulating and flocculating chemicals are added to form
insoluble solid precipitates with the organics or inorganics in the wastewater. The solids
formed are then separated from the wastewater by settling, clarification, and/or polishing
filtration. This technology generates two treatment residuals: treated wastewater
effluent and separated solid precipitate. The solid precipitate may require additional
treatment to meet the nonwastewater BDAT treatment standards.
PACT® Treatment
PACT® treatment is a combination of carbon adsorption and biological
treatment rn which hazardous organic constituents are biodegraded or selectively
adsorbed onto powdered-activated carbon. This technology generates two treatment
residuals: a treated effluent and spent carbon/biosludge. The spent carbon is often
regenerated and recycled to the process or may be incinerated.
Reverse Osmosis
«
Reverse osmosis is a separation technology in which dissolved organics
(usually salts) are removed from a wastewater by filtering the wastewater through a
semipermeable ^membrane at a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure caused by the
XRJ-073 . >• •
0727-03.nn 4-4
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&:sn^^
" *v
^ wastewater. This technology generates two treatment residuals:
the trea^^^faistewater and the concentrated organic salt materials which do not
pass
Solvent Extraction
/
Solvent extraction is a separation technology in which organics are
removed from a waste due to greater constituent solubility in the solvent phase than in
the waste phase. This technology generates two residuals: a treated waste residual and
an extract
Stripping Treatment
, Stripping treatment is a separation technology. Steam stripping js a
technology in which wastewaters containing volatile organics have the organics removed
by application of heat using steam as the heat source. Air stripping is a technology in
which wastewaters containing volatile organics have the organics removed by
volatilization. This technology generates one treatment residual: treated effluent
Emissions from stripping treatment may require further treatment.
'"',<. . •
Wet Air Oxiidatmn
in wastes
is a destruction technology in which organic constituents
under pressure at elevated temperatures in the
This technology is applicable for wastes comprised
:to; 10% total organic constituents. Wet air oxidation generates
one treatment?iiiip< treated effluent. The treated effluent may require further
treatment for organic (constituents by carbon adsorption or PACT® treatment Emissions
frorti wet air oxidation may also require further /treatment T
NRJ-073
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4.13 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
Demonstrated treatment technologies are those which have been
%
demonstrated in full-scale operation for treatment of the wastes of interest or a similar
waste. The Agency has identified all of the applicable treatment technologies for
wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes listed in Section 4.1.1 to be demonstrated
'technologies, from an analysis of the available treatment performance data presented in
Appendix B. Treatment performance data for the constituents regulated in wastewater
forms of D018-D043 wastes, presented in Appendix B, include data from bench-, pilot-,
and full-scale treatment using these technologies.
4.13 Identification of BDAT
The procedure used to identify BDAT for the wastewater forms of D018-
D043 wastes follows the methodology described in EPA's Methodology Background
Document (4). All applicable and demonstrated treatment technologies are identified
for the wastes of interest, and treatment performance data are examined to identify the
technologies that perform "best." The treatment performance data are evaluated to
determine:
• Whether the data represent operation of a well-designed and well-
operated treatment system;
• Whether sufficient analytical quality assurance/quality control
measures were used to ensure the accuracy of the data; and
• Whether the appropriate measure of performance was used to assess
the performance of the particular treatment technology.
The Agency then determines whether the best demonstrated technology is "available."
To be "available," a technology (1) must provide substantial treatment and (2) must be
commercially available.
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The Agency determined the best demonstrated technology for each
constituent s^eted for regulation in D018-D043 wastes based on a thorough review of
''•'"'££-'-•' * "
aU of the treatnaent performance data available for each constituent Appendix B
presents the treatment performance data evaluated by EPA for these constituents.
/ ' .
The demonstrated technologies identified and determined to be "best" for
each constituent are all commercially available. In addition, treatment performance data
included in.Appendix B show substantial treatment of each constituent by the
corresponding technology identified as best Therefore, the technologies selected as best
and demonstrated for each constituent are also considered to be available, and therefore,
BOAT for that constituent The BDATs for the constituents regulated in the wastewater
forms of D018-D'043 wastes are shown in Table 4-1.
4-2 Identification of BOAT Treatment Standards
The Agency is transferring universal standards to the constituents regulated
in nonwastewater and wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes. A universal standard is a
concentration limit established for a specific constituent regardless of the waste matrix in
which it is present. Table 4-2 presents the specific treatment performance data used as
the basis of the universal standards for the constituents regulated in these wastes.
Universal standards in wastewater forms of wastes are based on treatment
performance data from several sources including the BDAT database, the NPDES
database, the WERL database, EPA-colIected WAO/PACT® data, the EAD database,
industry-submitted leachate treatment performance data, data submitted by the Chemical
Manufacturers' Association's Carbon Disulfide Task Force, data submitted by the
California Toxic Substances Control Division, data in literature that were not already
part of the WERL database, and data irt literature submitted by industry on the WAO
and PACT® treatment processes. Since these standards reflect the performance of
numerous industrial wastewater treatment sys.tems, the Agency believes it is appropriate
NRJ-073
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to transfer the universal standards for wastewaters to the constituents regulated in
wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes.
The treatment performance database and methodology for identifying
universal standards for constituent in wastewater forms of toxicity characteristic wastes
are presented in Appendix B of this document A more detailed discussion concerning
the determination of the universal standards for nonwastewater forms of Usted hazardous
wastes is provided in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Universal Standards. Volume B: Universal Standards for
Wastewater Forms of Listed Hazardous Wastes (23).
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Table 4-1
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) for
Constituents Regulated in Wastewater Forms
of D018-D043 Wastes
Waste
Code
D018
D.019
D020
D021
D022
D023
D024
D025
D026
D027
D028
D029
D030
D031
D031
D032
D033
D034
D035
D036
D037
D038
D039
D040
Regulated Constituent
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlordane
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
o-Cresol
m-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresols (total)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloro-l,3-butadienc
Hexachloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Nitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Pyridine
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
BDAT
Steam Stripping (SS)
Biological Treatment (BT)
Biological Treatment (BT)
Biological Treatment (BT)
Steam Stripping (SS)
Biological Treatment (BT)
Activated Sludge (AS)
Activated Sludge (AS)
Activated Sludge and Biological Treatment (AS and BT)
Activated Sludge Biological Treatment (AS)
Steam Stripping (SS)
Steam Stripping (SS)
Powdered Activated Carbon Addition to Activated
Sludge (PACT*)
Granular Activated Carbon (GAG)
Biological Treatment (BT)
Activated Sludge and Filtration (AS + Fil)
Activated Sludge and Filtration (AS + Fil)
Activated Sludge and Filtration (AS + Fil)
Biological Treatment (BT)
Steam Stripping and Activated Carbon (SS+ AC)
Filtration and Granular Activated Carbon (Fil + GAC)
Anaerobic Fixed Film (AnFF)
Steam Stripping (SS)
Steam Stripping (SS)
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Table 4-1
(Continued)
Waste
Code
D041
D042
D043
Regulated Constituent
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Vinyl chloride
BDAt
Biological Treatment (BT)
Biological Treatment (BT)
Steam Stripping (SS)
Source: Reference 23.
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Table 4-2
Determination of BDAT Treatment Standards for Constituents in Wastewater
Forms of DO 18-D043 Wastes Based on Universal Standards
Waste
Code
D018
D()l<)
D020
D021
D022
D023
D024
D025
D026
D027
D028
D029
D030
Regulated
Constituent
Bcnxcnc
Carbon tclrachloride
Chlordanc
Chlorohcnxcnc
Chloroform
o-Crcsol
m-Cresol
p-Crcsol
Cresols (total)
1,4-Dichlorobsnzene
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1, 1 -Dichloroethylene
2,4-DinilrotoIuene
Treatment
Technology
SS
BT
BT
BT
SS
BT
AS
AS
AS/BT
AS
SS .
SS
PACT*
Database
, Reference
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
NPDES
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
BDAT (F001-F005)
WERL
WERL
BDAT (F001-
F005)/WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
Average
Effluent
Concentration
(mg/L)
0.010
0.010
0.00023
0.010
0.012
0.025
0.17
0.17
0.20
0.016
0.026
0.010
0.058
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
.
.
5.0
.
-
".
.
.
-
.
-
.
• -
-../,§: • :
Variability
Factor
14
5.7
2.8
5.7
3.7
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
5.5
8.2
2.5
5.5
BDAT
Treatment
Standard
(mg/L)
0.14
0.057
0.0033
0.057
0.046
0.11
0.77
0.77
0.88"
0.090
0.21
0.025
0.32
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Table 4-2
(Continued)
Waste
Code
D031.
D031
D032
D033
D034
D035
D036
D037
D038
D039
D040
D041
Regulated
Constituent
Hcptachlor
Hcptuchlor cpoxidc
Hcxachlorobcn/cnc
Hcxachloro-1,3-
buladicnc
Hexachlorocthanc
Methyl clhyl kctonc
Nitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Pyridine
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
Treatment
Technology
GAC
BT
AS+Fil
AS + FH
AS + FU
BT
SS+AC
FiUGAC
AnFF
SS
SS
BT
Database
Reference •
WERL
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
LEACHATE
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
LEACHATE
Average
Effluent •
Concentration
(rag/L)
< 0.000083
0.0011
0.010
0.010
0.010
<0.10
0.014
0.020
< 0.0024
6.010
0.010
<0.050
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
5.0
5.0
-
-
-
1.0
-
-
'
-
-
1.3
Variability
" :: :)lfcctor
2.8
2.8
5.5
55
55
2.8
4.8
4.4
5.7
53
5.3
2.8
BDAT
Treatment
Standard
(mg/L)
0.0012
0.016
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.28
0.068
0.089
0.014
0.056
0.054
0.18
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5.0 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NONWASTEWATER FORMS
OF NEWLY IDENTIFIED PESTICIDE TC WASTES, D012-D017
This section discusses the BDAT treatment standards for nonwastewater
forms of newly identified pesticide Toxicity Characteristic wastes (B012-D017). In the
final rule for the Third Third wastes (55 FR 22520), the Agency promulgated treatment
standards for only those D012-D017 wastes identified as hazardous by both the TCLP
and EP leaching procedures. Wastes identified as hazardous by the TCLP but not by the
EP are considered to be newly identified D012-D017 wastes and are currently not subject
to the BDAT treatment standards. The Agency is establishing the existing treatment
standards for nonwastewater forms of D012-D017 wastes as the treatment standards for
all newly identified D012-D017 wastes except for nonwastewater forms of D015 wastes.
The Agency is revising the D015 nonwastewater treatment standard as discussed below.
These treatment standards are presented in Table 1-3.
5.1 Nonwastewaters
The Agency is establishing the existing treatment standards for
nonwastewater forms of D012-D017 wastes as the treatment standards for all newly
identified D012-D017 TC wastes, except for D015 wastes. The existing treatment
standards for nonwastewater forms of D012-D014 and D016-D017 wastes were based on
incineration, and since incineration treatment has been demonstrated to be relatively
independent of matrix interferences, it is likely that any newly identified nonwastewater
forms of these wastes can be treated to meet the existing treatment standards for
nonwastewater forms of D012-D014 and D016-D017 wastes that were promulgated in the
Third Third. These existing treatment standards are based on total composition analysis.
The Agency is therefore establishing treatment standards for nonwastewater forms of
newly identified D012-D017 wastes based on total composition analysis of the waste
rather than on an analysis of the TCLP extract. Details regarding the development of
the treatment standards for nonwastewater forms of D012-D014 and D016-D017 wastes
NRJ-073 . v '
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Table 4-2
(Continued)
Waste
Code
D042
D043
Regulated
Constituent
2,4,6-Trichlorophcnol
Vinyl chloride
Treatment
Technology
BT
SS
Database
Reference
LEACHATE
EAD-OCPSF
Average
Effluent
Concentration
(mg/L)
< 0.010
0.050
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
1.3
-
Variability
factor
2A
5.3
BOAT
Treatment
Standard
(mg/L)
0.035
0.27
AnFF
AS
AS + Fil
BOAT
BT
BAD
Fil+GAC
GAC
LEACHATE =
Anaerobic Fixed Film NPDES
Activated Sludge Biological Treatment OCPSF
Aclivaled Sludge Biological Treatment and Filtration PACT41
Best Demonstrated Available Technology
. Biological Treatment ' SS
Engineering and Analysis Division SS+AC
Filtration and Granular Activated Carbon . WERL
Granular Activated Carbon
Leachale Treatment Performance Data Submitted
by Industry
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers
Powdered Activated Carbon Addition to
Activated Sludge
Steam Stripping
Steam Stripping and Activated Carbon
Water Engineering Research Lab
•As discussed in Appendix B, the wastewater treatment standard for D026 wastes (Cresols (total)) was determined based upon the sum of the
m/p-cresol and o-cresol treatment standards.
< - Indicates a detection limit value.
Source: Reference 23. . '
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Table 5-1
Determination of the BDAT Treatment Standard for Nonvvastcwater Forms of D015 Wastes
Constituent Regulated
Toxaphcnc
Waste Code from
Whkb the BDAT
Treatment
Standard Was
Transferred
K041, KfWH
Treatment Test
from Whkh
Performance Data*
Were Transferred
John Zink
(Test 2)
Constituent from Which
the Concentration in
Treated Waste Was
Transferred
Chlordane
(alpha and gamma)
.
Concentration in
treated Waste
(mg/kg)
<0.26°
Coojttoient from Which
the Accuracy Correction
Data Were Transferred
Chlordane
(alpha and gamma)
Accuracy
Correction Factor
(Matrix Spike %
Recovery)
3.57 (28)k
Variability
Factor
2.8
BDAT
Treatment
Standard
(«8Af)
2.6
< - indicates a detection limit value; the concentration value represents the detection limit.
'Performance data consist of the concentration in treated waste, accuracy correction factor, and variability factor.
'This number represents a constituent specific matrix spike.
The concentration in the treated waste was doubled to account for both the alpha and gamma isomers of chlordane.
Sources: References 17 and 21. .
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are presented in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Halogenated Pesticide and Chlorobenzene Wastes K031-
K034. K041. K042. K085. K097. KQ98. K105. and D012-D017 (17).
The Agency is revising the nonwastewater treatment standard for D015
wastes, toxaphene. The existing treatment standard is 13 mg/kg, based upon the
transfer of treatment performance data for chlordane from the Third Third Incineration
Treatability Test at the John Zink Facility. However, the Agency believes that treatment
standard data for toxaphene in nonwastewater forms of K041 and K098 wastes, which is
also based on data from the John Zink treatability test, is more appropriate for transfer
to D015 wastes. To account for the characteristic differences between toxaphene arid
chlordane (i.e., chemical structure differences), the toxaphene concentration is calculated
by multiplying the chlordane concentration by ten. Both, the alpha and gamma isomers
of chlordane were accounted for in the development of the treatment standard by
doubling the concentration of chlordane in the nonwastewater treatment residual. The
Agency believes that the transfer of the K041 and K098 treatment standard of 2.6 mg/kg,
which accounts for the two isomers of chlordane, is appropriate for DO 15 wastes. The
Agency is establishing a treatment standard for nonwastewater forms of D015 wastes
based on,total composition analysis of the waste rather than on analysis of the TCLP
extract. The treatment standard for nonwastewater forms of D015 wastes and the
corresponding treatment performance data are presented in Table 5-1.
NRJ-073
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7.0 REFERENCES
1. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Hazardous Waste Management System; •
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Final Rule, Interim Final Rule,
and Request for Comments. Federal Register. (45 FR 33084). May 19, 1980.
2. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Hazardous Waste Management System;
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Toxicity Characteristics Revisions;
Final Rule. Federal Register. (55 FR 11798). March 29, 1990.
3. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Land Disposal Restrictions for Third Third
Scheduled Wastes; Final Rule. Federal Register. (55 FR 22520). June 1, 1990.
4. USEPA. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document
for Quality Assurance. Quality Control Procedures, and Methodologies.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
5. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Hazardous Waste Management System; Land
Disposal Restrictions; Proposed Rule. Federal Register. (51 FR 1602). January
, . 14, 1986.
6. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Hazardous Waste Management System;
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Notification Requirements;
Reportable Quantity Adjustments; Proposed Rule. Federal Register. (51 FR
21648). June 13, 1986.
7. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Hazardous Waste Management System; Land
Disposal Restrictions; Final Rule. Federal Register. (51 FR 40572). November
7, 1986.
8. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Hazardous Waste Management System;
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; .Supplemental Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking. Federal Register. (52 FR 18583). May 18, 1987.
9. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Hazardous Waste Management System;
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Notice Of Data Availability and
Request for Comments; Supplement to Proposed Rule. Federal Register. (53 FR
18024). May 19, 1988.
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6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Radian Corporation provided technical support for the development of this
document to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste under
Contract Numbers 68-W9-0072, 68-WO-0025, and 68-W3-0001. This document was
prepared under the direction of Richard Kinch, Chief, Waste Treatment Branch; Larry
Rosengrant, Section Chief, Treatment Technology Section; and Angela Wilkes and Dave
Levy, Project Officers. Mary Cunningham served as the Project Manager for the early
stages of development of this regulation, while Lisa Jones served as Project Manager for
the remainder of this effort Steve Silverman served as EPA legal advisor.
The following personnel from Radian Corporation supported the
development of this document: Tom Ferguson and Gayle Kline, Program Managers;
Mary Willett and Richard Weisman, Project Directors; and the Radian Project team,
Julian Bentley, Chrisanti Haretos, Tim Meeks, Tim McLaughlin, and Nancy Johnson.
NRJ-073
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20. USEPA. 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste.
Treatment Technology Background Document. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
21. USEPA. April, 1990. Onsite Engineering Report of the Third Thirds
Incineration Treatabilitv Test at the John Zink Company. Tulsa. OK. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
22. USEPA. Survey for Facilities That Land Dispose Newly Identified Organic TC
Wastes.
23. USEPA. July, 1994. Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology TBDATl
Background Document for Universal Standards, Volume B: Universal Standards
for Wastewater Forms of Listed Hazardous Wastes. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
NRJ-073
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10. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Hazardous Waste Management System;
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; New Data and Use of These Data
Regarding the Establishment of Regulatory Levels for the Toxicity Characteristic;
and Use of the Model for the Delisting Program; Notice Of Data Availability and
Request for Comments; Supplement to Proposed Rule. Federal Register. (53 FR
28892). August 1, 1988.
11. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Land Disposal Restrictions for Third Third
Scheduled Wastes; Proposed Rule. Federal Register. (54 FR 48372). November
22, 1989.
12. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Land Disposal Restrictions; Potential Treatment
Standards for Newly Identified and Listed Wastes and Contaminated Soil;
Proposed Rule. Federal Register. (56 FR 55160). October 24, 1991.
13. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Hazardous Waste Management System;
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Land Disposal Restrictions; Notice
Of Availability of Reports. Federal Register. (51 FR 22856). July 9, 1986.
14. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Land Disposal Restrictions; Proposed Rule.
Federal Register. (53 FR 18792). May 24, 1988.
15. USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Hazardous Waste Management System;
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Toxicity Characteristics Revisions;
Final Rule; Corrections. Federal Register. (55 FR 26986). June 29, 1990.
16. USEPA. July, 1994. Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology rBDATl
Background Document for Universal Standards. Volume A: Universal Standards
for Nonwastewater Forms of Wastes. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
17. USEPA. May, 1990. Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDATV
Background Document for Haloeenated Pesticide and Chlorobenzene Wastes
K032-K034. K041. K042. K085. K097. K109. D012-D017. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency,. Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
18. USEPA. May, 1992. Toxic Release Inventory. Public Data Release. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics.
Washington, D.C.
19. USEPA. March 1990. Toxicitv Characteristic Regulatory Impact Analysis. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
NRJ-073
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Appendix A
Treatment Performance Database and
Methodology for Identifying Universal Standards
for Constituents in Nonwastewater Forms of D018-D043 Wastes
NRJ-073
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(4) When evaluating the matrix spike recovery data, the Agency
preferred to use a matrix spike recovery for a specific constituent
instead of a value averaged over a group of constituents (e.g.,
volatile organics).
(5) The method detection limit was examined to determine if it could
be met routinely by industry.
(6) The treatment performance data and standard corresponding to the
"best" data was compared to the detection limits used to calculate
other treatment standards to determine if the constituent could be
treated to similar levels in similar waste codes.
•
Determination of Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of D018-
D043 Wastes
Treatment standard data for the constituents regulated in nonwastewater
forms of D018-D043 wastes are presented in Table A-l. A constituent-by-constituent
discussion of the determination of the universal standard for each of these constituents is
given below. The universal standards and corresponding performance data for each
constituent regulated in D018-D043 wastes are also presented in Table 3-1. A more
detailed discussion of the determination of the universal standards is provided in EPA's
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BD AT) Background Document for
Universal Standards. Volume A: Universal Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of
Listed Hazardous Wastes (16).
DO 18 - Benzene
The universal standard for benzene was determined to be 10 mg/kg, based
upon the K083 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use the K083 treatment
standard data since these data represent the use of an accuracy correction factor and
detection limit from the same constituent as the constituent of concern. The treatment
standard was not based upon F039 and U019 treatment standard data because the
detection limit was considered to be an outlier compared to the magnitude of the
NRJ-073 v .
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This appendix presents the development of the universal treatment
standards (i.e., universal standards) for the constituents regulated in nonwastewater
forms of D018-D043 wastes. Section A.1 presents the methodology for determining
nonwastewater universal standards and introduces the universal standards database.
Section A.2 presents a constituent-by-constituent discussion of the determination of the
universal standards for each constituent selected for regulation.
A-l Methodology for Determining Nonwastewater Universal Standards
The performance data presented in Table A-l represent the universal
standards database for the constituents regulated in D018-D043 wastes. These data
consist of the treatment performance data used to develop nonwastewater treatment
standards in the First, Second, and Third Third, and Phase I Land Disposal Restrictions
Program rulemaking efforts. In order to determine the universal standards, the Agency
examined the treatment performance data used in calculating each treatment standard
applicable to a specific constituent
The Agency chose which treatment performance data to transfer as the
universal standard on a constituent-by-constituent basis. Six factors were considered in
selecting the "best" performance data and standard from the available treatment standard
performance data:
(1) Where possible, the Agency preferred performance data (i.e., the
matrix spike recovery data, detection limit, and variability factor
(according to Table 3-1)) for the same, constituent.
(2) The matrix spike recovery data were evaluated to determine
whether acceptable recoveries were obtained according to EPA's
• quality assurance/quality control guidelines.
(3) When performance data from the same constituent were
unavailable, the Agency used performance data from a constituent
with similar composition and functional groups.
XRJ-073
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constituents. The Agency believes that a treatment standard of 6.0 mg/kg may be
reasonably achieved based on the detection limits reported for chlorobenzene in other
waste codes.
D022 - Chloroform
The universal standard for chloroform was determined to be 6.0 mg/kg,
based upon the K019 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use the K019
treatment standard data since these data represent the use of an accuracy correction
factor and detection limit from the same constituent as the constituent of concern. The
Agency believes that a treatment standard of 6.0 mg/kg may be reasonably achieved
based on the detection limits reported for chloroform in other waste codes.
D023 - o-Cresol
The universal standard for o-cresol was determined to be 5.6 mg/kg, based
upon the F039 and U052 treatment standards, which represent the only concentration-
based treatment standards promulgated to date for this constituent based on the
performance of incineration.
D024 - m-Cresol
The universal standard for m-cresol was determined to be 5.6 mg/kg based
upon the F001-F005, F039, and U052 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use
the F001-F005, F039, and U052 data since these data represent the only concentration-
based treatment standards promulgated to date for this constituent based upon the
performance of incineration. The Agency believes that the detection limit reported for
m-cresol in the K019 treatment test of 2.0 mg/kg is representative of the detection limits
that, may be reasonably achieved for m-cresol. In addition, a universal standard of 5.6
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj v A-4
-------
detection Umits from other incineration tests. The treatment standard was established at
10 mg/kg in order that the treatment standard could be routinely met by industry,
considering the detection limits reported for benzene in other waste codes.
D019 - Carbon Tetrachloride
The universal standard for carbon tetrachloride was determined to be 6.0
mg/kg, based on -the K021 and K073 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use
the K021 and K073 treatment standard data since these data represent the use of an
accuracy correction factor and detection limit from the same constituent as the
constituent of concern. The Agency believes that a treatment standard of 6.0 mg/kg may
be reasonably achieved based on the detection Umits reported for carbon tetrachloride in
• . '
other waste codes.
D020 - Chlordane
The universal standard for chlordane was determined to be 0.26 mg/kg,
based upon the K032 arid K097 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use the
K032 and K097 treatment standard data since these data represent the use of an
accuracy correction factor and detection limit from the same constituent as the
constituent 'of concern. The two isomers of chlordane, alpha and gamma, were also
considered in calculating the K032 and K097 treatment standards.
D021 • Chlorobenzene
The universal standard for chlorobenzene was determined to be 6.0 mg/kg
based upon the K019 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use the K019
treatment standard data since these data represent the use of an accuracy correction
factor and detection limit from the same constituent as the constituent of concern. The •
treatment standard was established at 6.0 mg/kg to maintain consistency with similar
NRJ-073 , •
0727-03.nrj ^ A-3
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use the F039 and U072 treatment standard data since these data represent the use of an
accuracy correction factor and detection limit from the same constituent as the
constituent of concern. The treatment standard was established at 6.0 mg/kg to maintain
consistency with similar constituents. The Agency believes that a treatment standard of
6.0 mg/kg may be reasonably achieved based on the detection limits reported for
1,4-dichlorobenzene .in other waste codes.
D028 - 1,2-Dichloroethane
The universal standard for 1,2-dichloroethane was determined to be 6.0
mg/kg, based upon the K019 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use the
K019 treatment standard data since these data represent the use of an accuracy
correction factor and detection limit from the same constituent as the constituent of
concern. The Agency believes that a treatment standard of 6.0 mg/kg may be reasonably
achieved based on the detection limits reported for 1,2-dichloroethane in other waste
codes.
D029 - 1,1-Dichloroethylene
The universal standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene was determined to be 6.0
mg/kg, based on the K029 and F025 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use
the K029 and F025. treatment standard data rather than the F039 and U078 treatment
standard data since the detection limit used in calculating the F039 and U078 treatment
standard was considered to be an outlier compared to the magnitude of the detection
limits from other incineration tests. The Agency believes that a treatment standard of
6.0 mg/kg may be reasonably achieved based on the detection limits reported for 1,1-
dichloroethylene in other waste codes.
NRJ-073
0727-03.nq
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mg/kg is consistent with the universal standard established for a constituent similar in
elemental composition and functional groups, o-cresol.
D025 - p-Cresol
The universal standard for p-cresol was determined to be 5.6 mg/kg based
upon the F001-F005, F039, and U052 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use
the F001-F005, F039, and U052 data since these data represent the only concentration-
based treatment standards promulgated to date for this constituent based upon the
performance of incineration. The Agency believes that the detection limit reported for
p-cresol in the K019 treatment test of 2.0 mg/kg is representative of the detection limits
that may be reasonably achieved for p-cresol. In addition, a universal standard of 5.6
mg/kg is consistent with the universal standard established for a constituent similar in
elemental composition and functional groups, o-cresol.
D026 - Cresols (total)
The universal standard for cresols (total) was determined to be 5.6 mg/kg,
based on the universal standards for o-cresol and cresol (m- and p-isomers). The total
cresol standard (D026) accounts for o-, m-, and p-cresols when these isomers cannot be
differentiated. The Agency chose to use the universal standard data since these data
have already been determined to be the "best" treatment performance data for cresols in
the development of universal standards. The Agency believes that a treatment standard
of 5.6 mg/kg may be reasonably achieved based on the detection limits reported for o-,
m-. and p-cresol in other waste codes.
D027 - 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
The universal standard for 1,4-dichlorobenzene was determined to be 6.0
mg/kg, based upon the F039 and U072 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to
*
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj A-5
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treatment standard could be routinely met by industry, considering the detection limits
)
reported for hexachlorobenzene in other waste codes.
D033 - Hexachlorobutadiene
The universal standard for hexachlorobutadiene was determined to be 5.6
mg/kg, based upon the K016, K018, K028, and K030 treatment standard data. The
Agency chose to use the K016, K018, K028, and K030 treatment standard data rather
than the F025, F039, and U128 treatment standard data since the detection limit used in
calculating the F025, F039, and U128 treatment standard was considered to be an outlier
compared to the magnitude of the detection limits from other incineration tests. The
Agency believes that a treatment standard of 5.6 mg/kg may be reasonably achieved
based on the detection limits reported for hexachlorobutadiene in other waste codes.
D034 - Hexachloroethane
The universal standard for hexachloroethane was determined to be 30
mg/kg, based upon the F025, K016, K018, K095, and K073 treatment standard data.
The Agency chose to use the F025, K016, K018, K095, and K073 treatment standard data
since these data represent the use of an accuracy correction factor and detection limit
from the same constituent, as the constituent of concern. The treatment standard was
established at 30 mg/kg to maintain consistency of treatment standards within the
treatability group. •
D035 - Methyl Ethyl Ketone
The universal standard for methyl ethyl ketone was determined to be 36
mg/kg, based upon the F039, K086, and U159 treatment standards, which represent the
only concentration-based treatment standards promulgated to date for this constituent.
NRJ-073
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D030 - 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
The imiversal standard for 2,4-dinitrotoluene was determined to be 140
mg/kg, based upon the F039 and U105 treatment standards, which represent the only
concentration-based treatment standards promulgated to date for this constituent.
D031 - Heptachlor
The universal standard for heptachlor was determined to be 0.066 mg/kg,
based upon the F039, P059, K032, and K097 treatment standards, which represent the
only concentration-based treatment standards promulgated to date for, this constituent.
D031 - Heptachlor Epoxide
The universal standard for heptachlor epoxide was determined to be 0.066
mg/kg, based upon the F039, P059, K032, and K097 treatment standards, which
represent the only concentration-based treatment standards promulgated to date for this
constituent
D032 • Hexachlorobenzene
The universal standard for hexachlorobenzene was determined to be 10
mg/kg, based upon the K085 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use the
K085 treatment standard data since these data represent the use of an accuracy
correction factor and detection limit from the same constituent as the constituent of
concern. The treatment standard for hexachlorobenzene was not based upon the.K016,
K018, F025, F039, and U127 treatment standard data because the detection limit was
considered to be an outlier compared to the magnitude of the detection limits from
.other incineration tests; the treatment standard was" established at 10 mg/kg so that the
NRJ-073
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A-7
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Agency believes that a treatment standard of 6.0 mg/kg may be reasonably achieved
based on the detection limits reported for tetrachloroethylene in other waste codes.
D040 - Trichloroethylene
The universal standard for trichloroethylene was determined to be 6.0
mg/kg, based upon the F025, F039, K086, U228, K095, and K096 treatment standards,
which represent the only concentration-based treatment standards promulgated to date
for this constituent. The treatment standard was established at 6.0 mg/kg to maintain
consistency with treatment standards for similar constituents.
D041 - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
The universal standard for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was determined to be 7.4
mg/kg, based upon the F039 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use the
F039 treatment standard data since these data represent the use of an accuracy
correction factor and detection limit from a more similar constituent as the constituent
of concern. . .
D042 - 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
The universal standard for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was determined to be 7.4
mg/kg, based upon the F039 treatment standard data. The Agency chose ta use the
F039 treatment standard data since these data represent the use of an accuracy
correction factor and detection limit from a more similar constituent as the constituent
of concern.
NRJ-073
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D036 - Nitrobenzene
The universal standard for nitrobenzene was determined to be 14 mg/kg,
based upon the F039, U169, K086, and K083 treatment standard data. The Agency
chose to use the F039, U169, K086, and K083 treatment standard data since these data
represent the use of an accuracy correction factor and detection limit from the same or
similar constituent This treatment standard was also chosen to account for variability in
treatment of wastes containing this constituent.
D037 - Pentachlorophenol
The universal standard for pentachlorophenol was determined to be 7.4
mg/kg, based upon the F039, K001, and U051 treatment.standard data. The Agency
chose to use the F039, K001, and U051 treatment standard data since these data
represent the use of an accuracy correction factor and detection limit from the same
constituent as the constituent of concern.
D038 - Pyridine
The universal standard for pyridine was determined to be 16 mg/kg, based
upon the F039 and U196 treatment standards, which represent the only concentration-
based treatment standards the Agency has promulgated to date for this constituent.
D039 - Tetrachloroethylene
The universal standard for tetrachloroethylene was determined to be 6.0
mg/kg. based on the K019 treatment standard data. The Agency chose to use the K019
treatment standard data since these data represent the use of an accuracy correction
factor and detection limit from the same constituent as the constituent of concern. The
NRJ-073
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Table A-1
Treatment Standard Data for Constituents Selected for Regulation in Nonwastewater Forms of D018-D043 Wastes
Waste Code and Regulated
Constituent
D018 - Benzene
D019 - Carbon Tetrachloridc
"
D020 - Chlordane
Treatment
Standard
0.071
4.4
6.0
6.6
36
5.6
6.2C
6.2"
0.13
0.26°
Corresponding
Waste Code(s)
K060, K087
K085, K105
K103, KI04
K083
,F039, UOI9
F039, U211
F025
K021, K073
F039, U036
K032, K097
Concentration
in Treated
Waste
-------
D043 - Vinyl Chloride
The universal standard for vinyl chloride was determined to be 6.0 mg/kg,
based on the K029 treatment standard data. The treatment standard for vinyl chloride
was not based upon the F025, F039, and U043 treatment standard data because the
detection limit was considered to be an outlier compared to the magnitude of the
detection limits from other incineration tests. The Agency believes that a treatment
standard of 6.0 mg/kg may be reasonably achieved based on the detection limits
reported for vinyl chloride in other waste codes.
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Table A-l
(Continued)
Waste Code and Regulated
Constituent
D028- 1,2-Dichloroethane
t
D029 - 1,1-DichIorocthylenc
D030 - 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
D031 - Heptachlor
D031 - Heptachlor Epoxide
D032 - Hexachlorobenzene
Treatment
Standard
-------
Table A-l
(Continued)
Waste Code and Regulated
Constituent
D021 - Chloroben/enc
D022 - Chloroform
D023 - o-Cresol
D024 - m-Cresol
D025 - p-Creso)
D027 - 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Treatment
Standard
4'.4
5.7
6.0V
6.0
6.2'
5.6
3.2
3.2
4.4
6.2
Corresponding
Waste Code(s)
K085, K105
F039, U037
K019
K009, K010,
K019, K029
F025, K021,
K073
F039, U052
F039, U052
F039, U052
K042, K085,
K105
F039, U072
Concentration
in Treated
Waste
(mf/kg)
<033
<2.0
<2.0
<2.0
<2.0
<2.0
<1.0
<1.0
<0.33
<2.0
TreatoteBtTect
FIXM Which th«
PerforouaceDaU'
Were Trauf erred
JohnZink*
(Test 2).
K019
K019
K019
K019
- K019
K087
K087
John Zink4
(Test 2)
K019
Constituent Frotn Whkh
th«Coocentnrtk»bi
Treated Waste Wa*
Transferred
Hexachlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
Chloroform
o-Cresol
Cresol (m- and p-)
Cresol (m- and p-)
Hexachlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
CowttitMMt From Whkh
the AccWftcy Correction
Hexachlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
Chloroform
p-Chloro-m-cresol
p-Chloro-m-cresol
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Hexachlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Accmracy
Correction
Factor
(Matrix Spike*
Recovery)
4.76 (21)
1.01 (99)
1.01 (99)
1.06 (94)k
1.1 (91)b-°
1 (110)
1.15 (87)
1.15 (87)
4.76 (21)
1.11 (90)
- -.r. f^y
2>8t
2.8 ;
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
< - Indicates a detection limit value; the concentration value represents the detection limit.
Terfonnance data consist of the concentration in treated waste, accuracy correction factor, and variability factor.
This number represents an average of matrix spike values.
'See the notes at the end-of this table.
•niiis test represented the incineration of waste codes U127 and P059.
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-073
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Table A-l
(Continued)
Waste Code and Regulated
Constituent
D033 - Hexachlorobutadicne
/
D034 - Hexachlorocthanc
D035 - Methyl Ethyl Kctonc
D036 - Nitrobenzene
D037 - Pentachiorophenol
D038 - Pyridine
Treatment
Standard
(pp«n)
5.6
28
28
28
30
36
5.6
14
14
7.4
16
Corresponding
Waste Code(s)
KOI 6, K018,
K028, K030
F025, F039,
U128 .
F039, U131
K016, K018,
K095, K019,
K028, K030
F025, K073
F039, K086,
U159
K103, K104
F039, K086,
U169
K083
F039, K001,
U051
F039, U196
Concentration
in Treated
Waste
(rag/kg)
<2.0
<10.0
<10.0
<10.0
<10.0
<10.0
<2.0
<5.0
<5.0
<2.5
<5.0
Treatment Test
From Which the
Perfonoance DaU*
Were Transferred
K019
K019
K019
K019
K019
K019
K019
K019
K019
K001-PCP
K001-PCP
Constituent From Whkh
the Concentration ia
Treated Waste Was
Transferred
Naphthalene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloroethane
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
1 Naphthalene
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene
Pentachiorophenol
Pyridine
ComUlwat From Which
the Accuracy CorrectiM
Data Weft Transferred
Naphthalene
-
Trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Naphthalene
4-Nitrophenol
Nitrobenzene
Pentachiorophenol
Benzene
Accuracy
Cerrectkw
Factor
(Matrix Spike %
Recovery)
1 (103)h
1(107)
1 (107)
1(103)"
1 (103)"
1,28 (78)
l.(103)b
1.03 (97)
1 (103)"
1.05 (95)
1.14 (88)
. • -a
5"
V-rUh*
ftctof
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
< - Indicates a detection limit value; the concentration value represents the detection limit.
•Performance data consist of the concentration in treated waste, accuracy correction factor, and variability factor.
"ITiis number represents an average of matrix spike values.
'See the notes at the end of this table.
*ITiis lest represented the incineration of waste codes U127 and P059.
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj . A-15
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Table A-l
(Continued)
Waste Code and Regulated
Constituent
D039 - Telrachloroclhylcnc
• /
D040 - Trichlorocthylcnc
D041 - 2,4,5-Trichlorophcnol
D042 - 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
D043 - Vinyl Chloride
Treatment
Standard
(ppm)
5.6
6.0
6.2°
5.6
4.4
37°
4.4
37°
6.0
33
Correi ponding
Waste Code(s)
F039, U210
K016, K019,
K020, K028,'
K030, K095,
K0%
K073
F025, F039,
K086, U228,
K095, K096
K105
P039
K105
P039
K029
F025, F039,
U043
Concenlnitk»
In Treated
Waste
(n»|/k|)
<2,0
<2.0
<2.0
<2.0
<0.33
<12.5
<033
<12.5
<2.0
<10.0
TreataeatTctt
•FrMWhkhlhe
PerfonuueeData*
WenTrtuufentd
K019
K019
K019
K019
JohnZink4
(Test 2)
K001-PCP
JohnZink'
(Test 2)
K001-PCP
K019
K001-C
Co«aUro«t Fro* Which
tbeCoocentnrtJoMb
Treated Watt* Wtt
Tnuuferred ,
Tetrachloroethyicne
Tetrachioroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
Hexachlorobcnzcne
Pentachlorophenol
Hexachlorobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Chloroform
Vinyl Chloride
CMttibMNtFrtoi Which
the Acomtqr ComctkM
D«UWf(iTr*atf«rr«]
Trichloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
Hexachlorobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Hexachlorobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Chloroform
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Accuracy
ComctiM
F«ct»r
(MairaSpUw*
Recorery)
1 (107)
1.06 (94)k
1.1 (91)k-'t
1 (107)
4.76 (21)
1.05 (95)
4.76(21)
1.05 (95)
1.06 (94)k
1.16 (86)
'«- :-P
;.r|
VariabUl)
F»ctor
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
< - Indicates a detection limit value; the concentration value represents the detection limit.
'Performance data consist of the concentration in treated waste, accuracy correction factor, and variability factor.
This number represents an average of matrix spike values.
cSee the notes at the end of this table.
This test represented the incineration of waste codes U127 and P059.
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-073
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A-16
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Table A-l
(Continued)
Notes;
Carbon Telrachloride
Chlordanc
/
Chlorobcn/enc
Chloroform
1,2-Dichloroelhane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophcnol
The accuracy correction faclors used in the F025, K021, and K073 treatment standards were transferred incorrectly from the K019 treatment leu
1 he accuracy correction factor for the average of the semivolatile organic constituents was incorrectly transferred as 11 instead of 106 The
correct treatment standards is 6.0 mg/kg. ' '
To account for both the alpha and gamma isomers of chlordane, the concentration in the treated waste was doubled in calculating the K032 and
K097 treatment standards. This doubling accounts for the K032 and K097 treatment standards of 026 mg/kg as opposed to the F039 and U036
treatment standards of 0.13 mg/kg. ".«•».
In calculating the treatment standard for K019, the variability factor, accuracy correction factor, and concentration in treated waste were incorrei
multiplied. The correct K019 treatment standard is 5.7 mg/kg.
The accuracy correction faclors used in the F025, K021, and K073 treatment standards were transferred incorrectly from the K019 treatment tesi
The accuracy correction factor for the average of the scmivolatile organic constituents was incorrectly transferred as 1.1 instead of 106 The
correct treatment standard is 6.0 mg/kg. .
The accuracy correction factor used b the P025 treatment standard was transferred incorrectly from the K019 treatment test The accuracy
correction factor for the average of the semivolatile organic constituents was incorrectly transferred as 1.1 instead of 1.06. The correct Ireatmen
standard 'is 6.0 mg/kg.
The accuracy correction factor used in the F025 treatment standard was transferred incorrectly from the K019 treatment test The accuracy
correction factor for the average of the semivolatile organic constituents was incorrectly transferred as 1.1 instead of 1.06. The correct treatment
standard is 6.0 mg/kg.
The accuracy correction factor used in the K073 treatment standard was transferred incorrectly from the K019 treatment test The accuracy
correction factor for the average of the semivolatile organic constituents was incorrectly transferred as 1.1 instead of 1.06. The correct treatmem
standard is 6.0 mg/kg. - . • •
In calculating the RB9 treatment standard, the PQL was used instead of the method detection limit. Since the PQL is five times greater than tl
detection limit, the F039 treatment standard is incorrect by a factor of five, and should be 7.4 mg/kg.
In calculating the F039 treatment standard, the PQL was used instead of the method detection limit. Since the PQL is five times greater than th
detection limit, the F039 treatment standard is incorrect by a factor of five, and should be 7.4 mg/kg.
NRJ-073
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A-17
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-------
Appendix B
Treatment Performance Database and
Methodology for Identifying Universal Standards
for Constituents in Wastewater
Forms of D018-D043 Wastes
NRJ-073
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B.I Methodology for Determining Wastewater Universal Standards
The universal standards for regulated constituents in wastewater forms of
D018-D043 wastes are based on treatment performance data from several sources,
including the BDAT treatment performance database, the NPDES database, the WERL
database, WAO/PACT* data, the BAD database, industry-submitted leachate treatment
performance data, data submitted by the Chemical Manufacturers Association's Carbon
Disulfide Task Force, data submitted by the California Toxic Substances Control
Division, data in literature that were not already part of the WERL database, and data
in literature submitted by industry on the WAO and PACT* treatment process. This
appendix presents the wastewater treatment performance database and discusses use of
the data to determine BDAT and to calculate the universal treatment standards for the
constituents regulated in wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes.
Table B-l and Table B-2 are database and treatment technology keys,
respectively, for the data tables presented in this appendix. Tables B-3 through B-27 in
this appendix present the available wastewater treatment performance data for each
N
constituent regulated in D018-D043 wastes. The data used to determine the universal
standards are indicated with a footnote. A discussion of the determination of the
universal standards for each of the constituents regulated in D018-D043 wastes is
presented in Section B.2. .
The calculation of the universal standards involved three steps:
(1) identification of best demonstrated technologies and treatment performance data;
(2) determination of a variability factor specific to each constituent in a treatment
performance data set to correct,for normal variation in the performance of a particular
technology over time; and (3) calculation of the treatment standard, which is equal to the
average effluent concentration multiplied by the variability factor. The universal
standards and specific treatment performance data used to determine the treatment
NRJ-073
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standards for the constituents regulated in wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes are
presented in Table 4-2.
Identification of Best Demonstrated Technologies and Treatment
Performance Data
To determine the best demonstrated technology for each BDAT List
organic constituent, the Agency examined the universal wastewater treatment
performance database. To determine "best," a hierarchy was established to evaluate the
wastewater treatment performance data. The following outlines the methodology used to
determine "best" for wastewater constituents that are included in this document:
(1) For any organics with EAD performance data and a promulgated
EAD effluent limitation, the EAD data were used to calculate the
BDAT treatment standard for that constituent The data
representing EAD Option 1 (see Reference 23 for a description of
Option 1) were used in all cases.
(2) For any constituent for which promulgated EAD standards (based
on actual treatment perfonnance data) do not exist, data from an
Agency-sponsored BDAT wastewater treatment test were used to
determine the BDAT treatment standard.
(3) For any constituent with industry-submitted leachate treatment
performance data, where the data showed substantial treatment and
the data were considered better or more representative of treatment
performance than Agency data, the Agency used the industry-
submitted leachate data to calculate the BDAT concentration-based
standard.
(4) For any constituent without EAD data, BDAT wastewater treatment
test data, or industry-submitted leachate treatment perfonnance data
showing substantial treatment, other available treatment
performance data were evaluated to determine BDAT and were
used to calculate the BDAT concentration-based standard.
Considered in this evaluation were the treatment technology for
which data were available/ whether the data represented a full-,
pilot-, or bench-scale technology, the concentration of the
constituent of interest in the influent to treatment, the average
NRJ-073
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concentration of the constituent of interest in the effluent from
treatment, and the removal efficiency of the treatment technology.
Full-scale treatment data with an influent concentration range
greater than 100 micrograms per liter G*g/L) were preferred over
pilot- or bench-scale data and preferred over data with a low (i.e., 0-
100 /tg/L) influent concentration range. If several sets of data met
these criteria (i.e., full-scale available technologies with high influent
concentrations), they were compared by examination of their
average effluent values and percent removals to determine the data
set(s) which had the lowest effluent values and the technology with
the highest percent removal.
(5) For any constituent where treatment performance data were not
available from any of the examined sources, data were transferred
for calculation of a BDAT treatment standard from a similar
• constituent in a waste judged to be similar.
Details regarding the identification of BDAT for the constituents selected
for regulation hi wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes are presented in Section B.2
and in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background
Document for Universal Standards. Volume B: Universal Standards for Wastewater
Forms of Wastes (23).
For most constituents regulated in D018-D043 wastes, the Agency had
treatment performance data from the Engineering and Analysis Division (formerly
Industrial Technology Division (ITD)) database. The Agency believes that these data
represent the best demonstrated treatment performance for the following reasons:
The.EAD database consists of treatment performance data from
Organic Chemical Plastics and Synthetic Fiber (OCPSF) sampling
episodes. These episodes included long-term sampling of several
industries -and the data are therefore a good reflection of the
treatment of organics in industrial wastewaters.
The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database and were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit.
XRJ-073 ' ^ .
0727-03,mj • B-3
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A promulgated HAD limit represents data that have undergone both
EPA and industry review and acceptance.
Accuracy Correction Factors
Accuracy correction factors account for analytical interferences associated
with the chemical matrices of the treated effluent samples. In those cases where an
BAD variability factor was used to calculate the treatment standard, the Agency chose
not to use an accuracy correction factor. Since HAD variability factors were originally
calculated to represent performance, analytical, and matrix variations, the use of an
accuracy correction factor was not necessary for these data. In cases where an HAD
variability factor was not used, an accuracy correction factor was determined and
included in the calculation of the universal standard.
Accuracy correction factors are determined for each constituent by dividing
100 by the lowest matrix spike recovery (expressed as a percent) value for that
constituent. Since matrix spike data were not available for most of the data examined,
analytical matrix'spike data were pooled from BOAT and leachate sources. Leachate
matrix spike data were used to determine an accuracy correction factor in those cases
where leachate treatment performance data were used to estabh'sh a treatment standard.
The BOAT matrix spike data were used in all other cases.
In cases where matrix spike data were not available for a specific
constituent, but were available for a similar class of constituents (e.g., volatile organics,
acid-extractable sernivoJatile organics, base-neutral semivolatile organics, organochlorine
pesticides, organophosphorus insecticides), matrix spike recovery data for the class of
constituents were transferred to the constituent of interest. All recovery values greater
than 20% were averaged; an accuracy correction'factor was determined based on the
averaged value. As stated in EPA's Methodology Background Document (4), matrix
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj
-------
spike recovery values less than 20% were considered unacceptable, and were not used in
developing treatment standards.
In cases where matrix spike data were not available for the specific
constituent and an average accuracy correction factor could not be determined for a
similar class of constituents, a worst case accuracy correction factor was used. The worst
case accuracy correction factor was based on a matrix spike percent recovery of 20
percent (the lowest percent recovery that the BDAT methodology considers acceptable).
The calculated accuracy correction factor hi this worst case then equals 5 (100 divided by
20).
Accuracy correction factors used in calculating the universal standards for
the constituents selected for regulation hi wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes are
presented in Tables B-28 and B-29.
Variability Factors
A variability factor accounts for the variability inherent in the treatment
system performance, treatment residual collection, and analysis of the treated waste
samples. Variability factors are calculated as described in EPA's Methodology
Background Document (4). •
Due to the nature of the data gathered from various sources presented in
, this appendix, variability factors for all of the constituents selected for regulation in
D018-D043 wastes are not calculated as described in Reference 4, since in many cases,
original effluent points were not available.
The variability factor-calculated during the BAD regulation effort was used
for those constituents for which a treatment standard was based on an HAD effluent
limitation (i.e., selected volatile and semivolatile organic constituents).
\
NRJ-073 v
0727.03,nij B-5
-------
For constituents where a variability factor was unknown or could not be
calculated, an average variability factor was used. The average variability factors were
generated from the BAD variability factors and are specific to the type of constituent
under consideration (i.e., volatile organic or semivolatile organic). The average
variability factor for volatile organics is the average of the variability factors from BAD
data, as shown in Table B-30. The average variability factor for semivolatile organics is
the average of the variability factors shown in Table R31. Determination of these
average variability factors is similar to the procedure used by EPA in previous BDAT
rulemakings to determine average accuracy correction factors.
For those constituents that are not a volatile or semivolatile organic
constituent where a variability factor could not be calculated or an average variability
factor could not be determined, a variability factor of 2.8 was used. Also, the Agency
used a variability factor of 2.8 for those constituents for which a treatment standard was
based upon industry-submitted leachate data and for those constituents where the
average effluent concentration was based on all non-detect values. A variability factor of
2.8 represents EPA's generic variability factor calculated assuming a lognormal
distribution of effluent concentrations and an order of magnitude difference between the
highest and lowest effluent values.
Treatment Standard Calculation .
A constituent-by-constituent discussion of the determination of the
universal standards for wastewaters is presented in Section B.2.
B.2 Determination of Treatment Standards for Wastewater Forms of D018-
D043 Wastes
Wastewater treatment performance data for the constituents regulated in
D018-D043 wastes are presented in Tables B-3 through B-27. A constituent-by-
NRJ-073 v
0727-03.ni] • - ' B-6
-------
constituent discussion of the data used to calculate the universal standards for the
constituents regulated in wastewater forms of D018-D043 wastes is given below.
D018 - Benzene
BDAT for benzene was identified as steam stripping (SS). Steam stripping
was selected as BDAT because it represents treatment performance data from the HAD
database. The universal standard was calculated using the BAD median long-term
average of 10 ppb and the HAD variability factor for benzene. The determination of the
resulting universal standard for benzene in wastewaters (0.14 mg/L) is shown in Table
4-2. ,
D019 - Carbon Tetrachloride
BDAT for carbon tetrachloride was identified as biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT because it represents full-scale data
developed from HAD sampling and was used as part of the BDAT Solvents (F001-F005)
rule. The effluent concentration achievable by this technology is supported by similar
effluent concentrations from the SS and GAC treatment performance data. The
universal standard was calculated using an effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the
appropriate variability factpr and accuracy correction factor for carbon tetrachloride.
The determination of the resulting universal standard for carbon tetrachloride in
wastewaters (0.057 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D021 - Chlorobenzene
BDAT for chlorobenzene was identified as biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT because it represents full-scale data
developed from HAD sampling and was used as part of the BDAT Solvents (F001-F005)'
Rule. The effluent concentration achievable by this technology is supported by similar
NRJ-073
0727.03.nn - V B-7
-------
effluent concentrations from the AS and PACT® treatment performance data. The
universal standard was calculated, using an effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the
appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor for chlorobenzene. The
determination of the resulting universal standard for chlorobenzene in wastewaters (0.057
mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D020 - Chlordane
BOAT for chlordane was identified as biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance
data represent full-scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The
universal standard was calculated using an effluent concentration of 0.2336 ppb (the
average of biological treatment effluent concentration values with those effluent values
less than the method detection limit for chlordane (0.014 ppb) based on EPA-approved
methods set at detection limit) and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor for chlordane. The determination of the resulting universal standard
for chlordane in wastewaters (0.0033 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
j
D022 - Chloroform
BDAT for chloroform was identified as steam stripping (SS). Steam
stripping was selected as BDAT because it represents treatment performance data from
the HAD database. The universal standard was calculated using the BAD median long-
term average of 12.2 ppb and the HAD variability factor for chloroform. The
determination of the resulting universal standard for chloroform in wastewaters (0.046
mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
XRJ-073
0727-03.nrj v g_g
-------
D023 - o-Cresol
BDAT for o-cresol was identified as biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BDAT because it represents full-scale data developed from
HAD sampling used as part of the BDAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule. The universal
standard was calculated using an effluent concentration of 25 ppb and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor for o-cresol. The determination of the
resulting universal standard for o-cresol in wastewaters (0.11 mg/L) is shown in Table
4-2. .
D024 - m-Cresol
BDAT for m-cresol was identified as activated sludge biological treatment
(AS). Activated sludge was selected as BDAT because it represents a demonstrated
technology with a high removal efficiency and was the BDAT chosen for o-cresol, a
constituent similar to m-cresol with respect to elemental composition and functional
groups. The universal standard was calculated using an effluent concentration of 174
ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor for m-cresol.
The determination of the resulting universal standard for m-cresol in wastewaters (0.77
mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D025 - p-Cresol
BDAT for p-cresol was identified as activated sludge biological treatment
(AS). Activated sludge was selected as BDAT because it represents a demonstrated
technology with a high removal efficiency and was the BDAT chosen for o-cresol, a
constituent similar to p-cresol with respect to elemental composition and functional
groups. The universal standard was calculated using an effluent concentration of 174
ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor for p-cresol.
NRJ-073
0727.03.nn B-9
-------
The determination of the resulting universal standard for p-cresol in wastewaters (0.77
mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D026 - Cresols (total)
The Agency is establishing a treatment standard for D026 wastes (cresols
(total)) based upon the sum of the universal standards for o-cresol and cresol (m- and p-
isomers). Since the total cresol (D026) standard accounts for o-, m-, and pi- isomers
when these isomers cannot be differentiated, the Agency chose to base the treatment
standard based on the sum of these isomers. BOAT for total cresol, therefore, was
identified as activated sludge biological treatment (AS) and biological treatment (BT),
based upon BDAT for o-cresol and cresol (m- and p- isomers). The universal standard
was calculated using an effluent concentration of 199 ppb (representing the sum of the
effluent concentrations for o-cresol and cresol (m- and p- isomers)) and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The determination of the resulting
treatment standard for total cresol in wastewaters (0.88 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D027 - 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-Dichlorobenzene)
BDAT for 1,4-dichlorobenzene was identified as activated sludge biological
treatment (AS). Activated sludge was selected as BDAT since the available treatment
performance data represent full-scale treatment with high influent concentrations and
high removal efficiencies. The universal standard was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 16.33 ppb (the average of the full-scale data presented for the activated
sludge technology in the high influent concentration ranges) and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor for 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The
determination of the resulting universal standard for 1,4-dichlorobenzene in wastewaters
(0.090 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
NRJ-073
0727-03.nij
-------
D028 - 1,2-Dichloroethane
BDAT for 1,2-dichloroethane was identified as steam stripping (SS).
Steam stripping was selected as BDAT because it represents treatment performance data
from the HAD database. The universal standard was calculated using the HAD median
long-term average of 25.6 ppb and the HAD variability factor for 1,2-dichloroethane.
The determination of the resulting universal standard for 1,2-dichloroethane in
wastewaters (0.21 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D029 - 1,1-Dichloroethylene
BDAT for 1,1-dichloroethylene was identified as steam stripping (SS).
Steam stripping was selected as BDAT because it represents treatment performance data
from the EAD database. The universal standard was calculated using the EAD median
long-term average of 10 ppb and the EAD variability factor for 1,1-dichloroethyiene.
The determination of the resulting universal standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene in
wastewaters (.0.025 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D030 - 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
BDAT for 2,4-dinitrotoluene was identified as powdered activated carbon
addition to activated sludge (PACT®). PACT® was selected as BDAT since the available
treatment performance data represent full-scale treatment with a high influent
concentration and the lowest effluent concentration. The universal standard was
calculated using an effluent concentration of 58 ppb and the appropriate variability
factor and accuracy correction factor for 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The determination of the
resulting universal standard for 2,4-dinitrotoluene in wastewaters (0.32 mg/L) is shown in
Table 4-2.
NRJ-073 ' ^
0727-03.nij B-ll
-------
D031 - Heptachlor
BDAT for heptachlor was identified as granular activated carbon (GAC).
Granular activated carbon was selected as BDAT since the available treatment
performance data represent full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration and a
high removal efficiency and show the ability to treat the wastewater to a level less than
the method detection limit for heptachlor (0.083 ppb) based on EPA-approved methods.
The universal standard was calculated using its detection limit of 0.083 ppb and the
appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor for heptachlor. The Agency
used the method detection limit value since the effluent concentration of heptachlor was
below the detection level routinely achievable using EPA-approved methods. The
determination of the resulting universal standard for heptachlor in wastewaters (0.0012
mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D031 - Heptachlor Epoxide
BDAT for heptachlor epoxide was identified as biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance
data represent full-scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The
Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be
routinely achieved by industry. The universal standard was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 1.1449 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor for heptachlor epoxide. The determination of the resulting universal
standard for heptachlor epoxide in wastewaters (0.016 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D032 • Hexachlorobenzene
BDAT for hexachlorobenzene was identified as activated sludge followed
by filtration (AS+Fil). Activated sludge followed by filtration was selected as BDAT.
/
since the available treatment performance data represent full-scale treatment with a high
NRJ-073
0727-03.nr)
-------
influent concentration and a high removal efficiency. The universal standard was
calculated using an effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability
factor and accuracy correction factor for hexachlorobenzene. The determination of the
resulting universal standard for hexachlorobenzene in wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is shown
in Table 4-2.
D033 - Hexachloro-l,3-butadiene
BDAT for hexachlorobutadiene was identified as activated sludge followed
by filtration (AS+Fil). Activated sludge followed by filtration was selected as BDAT
since the available treatment performance data represent full-scale treatment with a high
influent concentration and a high removal efficiency. The universal standard was
calculated using an effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability
factor and accuracy correction factor for hexachlorobutadiene. The determination of the
resulting universal standard for hexachlorobutadiene in wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is
shown in Table 4-2.
D034 - Hexachloroethane
BDAT for hexachloroethane was identified as activated sludge followed by
filtration (AS+Fil). Activated sludge followed by filtration was selected as BDAT since
the available treatment performance data represent full-scale treatment performance
with a high removal efficiency. The universal standard was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor for hexachloroethane. The determination of the resulting universal standard for
hexachloroethane in wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
NRJ-073 ' v
-------
D035 - Methyl Ethyl Ketone
BDAT for methyl ethyl ketone was identified as biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted
leachate data for biological treatment showed substantial treatment of methyl ethyl
ketone and (2) the Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values
that can be routinely achieved by industry. The universal standard was calculated using
an effluent concentration of 100 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor for methyl ethyl ketone. The determination of the resulting universal
standard for methyl ethyl ketone in wastewaters (028 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D036 - Nitrobenzene
BDAT for nitrobenzene was identified as steam stripping followed by
activated carbon (SS+AC). Steam stripping followed by activated carbon was selected as
BDAT because it represents treatment performance data from the HAD database. The
universal standard was calculated using the HAD median long-term average of 14 ppb
and the HAD variability factor for nitrobenzene. The determination of the resulting
universal standard for nitrobenzene in wastewaters (0.068 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D037 - Pentachlorophenol
BDAT for pentachlorophenol was identified as filtration followed by
granular activated carbon (Fil + GAC). Fil + GAC was selected as BDAT since this
technology represents treatment performance data with a high influent concentration and
a high removal efficiency. The effluent concentration achievable by Fil + GAC is
supported by the effluent concentration data from the biological treatment technologies.
The universal standard was calculated using an effluent concentration of 20 ppb and the
appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor for pentachlorophenol. The
X'RJ-073
0727-03.nrj B-14
-------
determination of the resulting universal standard for pentachlorophenol in wastewaters
(0.089 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D038 - Pyridine
BDAT for pyridiiie was identified as anaerobic fixed film biological
treatment (ARFF). Anaerobic fixed film was selected as BDAT since this demonstrated
biological treatment technology showed substantial treatment and ability to treat the
wastewater to a level less than the method detection limit for pyridine (2.4 ppb) based
„ on EPA-approved methods. The universal standard was calculated using its detection
limit of 2.4 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor for
pyridine. The Agency used the method detection limit value since the effluent
concentration of pyridine was below the detection level routinely achievable using EPA-
approved methods. The determination of the resulting universal standard for pyridine in
wastewaters (0.014 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D039 - Tetrachloroethylene
BDAT for tetrachloroethylene was identified as steam stripping (SS).
Steam stripping was selected as BDAT because it represents treatment performance data
from the EAD database. The universal standard was calculated using the EAD median
long-term average of 10.4 ppb and the EAD variability factor for tetrachloroethylene.
The determination of the resulting universal standard for tetrachloroethylene in
wastewaters (0.056 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D040 - Trichloroethylene
BDAT for trichloroethylene was identified as steam stripping (SS). Steam
stripping was selected as BDAT because it represents treatment performance data from
the EAD database.. The universal standard was calculated using the EAD median long-
A'RJ-073
-------
term average of 10 ppb and the HAD variability factor for trichloroethylene. The
determination of the resulting universal standard for trichloroethylene in wastewaters
(0.054 mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
D041 - 2,4,5-TrichIorophenol
BOAT for trichlorophenol was identified as biological treatment (BT).
Biolpgical treatment was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted
leachate data for biological treatment showed substantial treatment of 2,4,5-
trichlorophenol and (2) the Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent
values that can be routinely achieved by industry. The universal standard was calculated
using the effluent concentration of 50 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. The determination of the resulting
universal standard for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol in wastewaters (0.18 mg/L) is shown in Table
4-2.
D042 - 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
BDAT for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was identified as biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted
leachate data for biological treatment showed substantial treatment of 2,4,6-
trichlorophenol and (2) the Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent
values that can be routinely achieved by industry. The universal standard was calculated
using an effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The determination of the resulting
universal standard for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in wastewaters (0.035 mg/L) is shown in
Table 4-2.
NRJ-073
0727-°3-nd , . v B-16
-------
D043 - Vinyl Chloride
BDAT for vinyl chloride was identified as steam stripping (SS). Steam
stripping was selected as BDAT because it represents treatment performance data from
the EAD database. The universal standard was calculated using the EAD median long-
term average of 50 ppb and the EAD variability factor for vinyl chloride. The
determination of the resulting universal standard for vinyl chloride in wastewaters (0.27
mg/L) is shown in Table 4-2.
XIU-073
0727-03.ni) B-17
-------
Table B-l
Database Key for Wastewaters
• • ' - 'Code^^x •••••'•••• -:' • .
BDAT
BAD
NPDES
WAO
WERL
OCPSF
LEACHATE
" "'• : .'•'•'\.I^-.b''::^-^v:^:?il>afabai5^'v-: ••-' ••'•• :; ;-^, •
Best Demonstrated Available Technology
Engineering Analysis Division
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Wet Air Oxidation
Water Engineering Research Laboratory
Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers
Leachate Treatment Performance Data Submitted
by Industry
NRJ-071
0610-02.mj
B-18
-------
Table B-2
Key to Treatment Technologies
-.. ..... ,- • Q»de:>£Vi::V •;.;.<;. ••••_
AC
AFF
AL
API
. AS
AirS
AnFF
BGAC
BT
CAC
ChOx
Chred
DAF
Fil
GAC
KPEG
LL
PACT*
RBC .
RO
SCOx
SExt
SS
.; , Technology
Activated Carbon
Aerobic Fixed Film
Aerobic Lagoons
API Oil/Water Separator
Activated Sludge
Air Stripping
Anaerobic Fixed Film
Biological Granular Activated Carbon
Biological Treatment
Chemically Assisted Clarification
Chemical Oxidation
Chemical Reduction
Dissolved Air Flotation
Filtration
Activated Carbon (Granular)
Dechlorination Using Alkoxide
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Powdered Activated Carbon Addition to
Activated Sludge
Rotating Biological Contactor
Reverse Osmosis
Super Critical Oxidation
Solvent Extraction
Steam Stripping
NRJ-071
061WE.MJ
B-19
-------
Table B-2
(Continued)
• •. - ' •-••^r-X-^/Code
TF
UF
UV
WOx
Technology
Trickling Filter
Ultrafiltration
Ultraviolet Radiation
Wet Air Oxidation
w +
"_[BJH
Indicates that the first process unit is followed in the process train
by the second (e.g., AS + Fil - Activated Sludge followed by
Filtration).
Indicates that the two units are used together (e.g., UFwPAC -
Ultrafiltration using Powdered Activated Carbon).
Indicates batch instead of continuous flow.
NRJ-07I
0610-02.nij
B-20
-------
Table B-3
Treatment Performance Data
for Benzene in Wastewaters
TcdhMtocj-
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL+AS
API+DAF+AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS „
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS-i-Fil
TecfaMfeffjr
Seal*
Bench
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
Bench
Bench
Full
FuH
FuU
FuU .
Full
FuU
Bench
Full
FuU
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
, , - -.v.>>:;-.:
*«eaurv
371D
6B
IB
6B
233D
1482D
6B
200B
200B
IB
6B
IB
6B
6B
IB
202D
6B
6B
6B
6B
200B
6B
• 234A
201B
IB
206B
234A
6B
DetecticM
. L«Jt
:*<*IM^
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
!" '. bftM*'
f&ft'Wfc
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
P-100
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
0-100 •
• o-ioo
0-100
100000-1000000
No. of
Data.
NR
2
6
2
21
4
7
16
8
6
22
6
14
3
6
NR
3
27
3
28
16
. 15
NR
•10
6
20
NR
3
Anns* '
(Pf*)
60.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
13.000
3.700
10.000
0.800
LOOO
2.000
30.000
1.000
10.000
10.000
2.000
40.000
10.000
11.000
10.000
10.000
0.500
10.000
0.600
6.000
16.000
0.200
0.700
20.000
KCCQVtSry
<»r
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ramwal
W^'
98
98.9
94.4
9Z3
99.9
99.96
918
993
99.83
99
91.7
99.55
95.7
95.6
98.9
99.97
99.09
99.8
99.71
89.6
97.8
99.97
99.83
81
84
99.73
97.4
99.99
•. ' R«ftrt«c»':":
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0610-OZnjj
B-21
-------
Table B-3
fa
(Continued)
{ Tedaolocr
Teclaolocr Scale
AirS
AiiS
AirS
—
"*
AirS
AirS+GAC
GAC
LL
LL
LL+SS
LL+SS+AC
PACT*
,
1 PACT*
[ PACT*
PACT*
1 RO
1 RO '
| RO
RO
RO
ss-
ss1
ss*
ss*
ss
ss
ss
Beach
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
p-ear
1328E
322B
224B
322B
1362E
229A
245B
K104
K103
K103/
K104
K103/
K104
242E
2MB
Zimpro
Zimpro
250B
2SOB
323B
250B
2SOB
0415
2680
1494
0415
6B
6B
6B
Detoctico
I Ifftif
(PI**
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
5
5
5
5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
10
10
10
NR
NR
NR
1
: Range of
' taOatat ^
' flrtlM MlllM^my
; d*«»
10000-100000
100-1000
. lOO-lOOO*
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000*
4500-320000
32000-81000
4500-320000
4500-320000
0-100
100-1000
290
29
1000-10000
0-100
0-100*
100-1000
100-1000
22300-48100
34693-147212
239-2008310
274000-412000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
::*fe.'of
Data
Paintt
5
22
1
19
3
19
1
5
5
5
4
NR
12
1
1
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
4
10
13
3
3
12
2
[• •:;.;. -Awngft;,
• ; "• EffiM* .
CaaceatntiM
*£". fa** ;*•
9300.000
0.440
0^00
52.000
1.000
10.000
35600.000
3560.000
5.600
19.000
5.000
0.700
1.000
5.000
140.000
3.800
32,000
50.000
67.000
38.800
10.000
44.8000
200.300
200.000
48.000
10.000
Recovery
W
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
764
76.0
76.0
76,0
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
— — ===^=
Rcmoral
(%)
90
99.74
99.67
' 98.7
99.09
90.9
99^8
NR
NR
NR
NR
83
9934
99.7
83
92^
95.1
19
78
92-7
NR
NR
NR
NR
99.94
99.99
9997
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL 1
WERL |
WERL
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
BDAT
WERL
WERL
WAO(UT)
WAO (LTT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OPSCP
EAD-OCPSP
EAD-OCPSP I
EAD-OCPSP |j
WERL
WERL
WERL 1
NRJ-071
0610-02.nij
B-22
-------
Table B-3
(Continued)
T*dMoi*cr ,
ss
ss
TF
TF+AS
UP
WOx
WOxfBJ
WOxfBJ
Tedoclocr
.. .. Seal*
Fun
Fun
FuU
Full
Pilot
Full
Bench
Bench
•,
Facad-
es
251B
IB
6B
250B
•242E
'1054E
10S4E
ifetectia*
Lkul
&S*>
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
: ffllgll
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
!**.<*
Date
10
10
5
3
NR
NR
NR
NR
Aionc*
to»*
10JXX)
10.000
1.000
10000
2^0,000
29.000
500.000
180000.000
RtCOTMJ
i (»
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Rcnoral
{%)
99.99
963
97J5
99.97
78
99.64
53
82
Referac*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
•Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR " Not Reported.
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-07I
0610-02.nrj
B-23
-------
Table B-4
Treatment Performance Data
for Carbon Tetrachloride in Wastewaters;
Tectaolofy
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fd
AS+Fil
AirS
BT-
BT
CAC
OAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
SCOx
SS ,
SS
TF
'TF
TechMfatr
-•"• Sdtef;;.:.'
Pilot
PUot
Pilot
Full
PUot
Full
Bench
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
:':;••;.• ,:- . •_.,
203A
203A
203A
IB
206B
975B
202D
6B
241B
24QA
6B
66
1328E
P225
F001-
F005
203A
1264B
237A
242E
Zimpro
Zimpro
323B
65D
251B
251B
203A
240A
Detectm
'.I Ltnrit
i^ton
MR
NR
MR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
=====
Raateof
lafiimt
v(MccBintioME
(PI*}
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
10000-100000
10000-100000
51-44000
95
100-1000
0-100
0-100-
1000-10000 •
860
2000
100-10008
100-1000
10000-100000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
_____
No.«r
DM*
14
14
14
6
20
NR
NR
3
5
12
14
2
5
17
1
14
NR
1
NR
1
1
1
NR
10
10
14
12
^^s^s^sssssssssss
ATtrtfe
te*i
11.000
15.000
13.000
16JJOO
0^00
3.000
130.000
10.000
5.000
4.000
mow
10.000
7600.000
10.000
5^00.
101.000
1.000
10.000
30.000
1.000
30.000
2.000
20.000
5.000
10.000
26.000
4.000
:==
Reamai
(%)
84
78
81
88
99.67
943
9932
96.7
983
90.7
99.09
99.96
89
NR
942
0
87
89
985
99.9
985
98
965
99.99
99.41
62
90.7
=====
Xttmac*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT**
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO (LIT)
WAO (LIT)
WERL
WERL ;
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0610-OZnij
B-24
-------
Table B-4
(Continued)
&*«•
Defectiev
Limit
Nbuef
(PPW
Kcawnsi
(*>
RoCTCBCC*
WOx
Bench
MR
4330000
12000.000
99.7
WAO(LTT)
WOx
Full
242E
NR
1000000
NR
2000.000
99.92
WERL
*Dau used in developing iuuversal standard.
*EAD data presented in the BDAT Solvents Rule FOOI-FOQS Background Document.
The tnfiuent eooeentntioo wxc reported ac between this ranje.
NR » Not Repotted.
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071 -
051CM)2,nij
B-25
-------
Table B-5
Treatment Performance Data
for Chlordane in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
BT
BT*
BT» =.
FT
BT
BT*
BT
BT-
BT
BT
BT*
BT
BT
Chred
Tccfcaoiosr
Sb» :
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
k .MU*^
CA0107611
CA0048216
CA0037681
CA0037681
OH0058874
LA0058882
•LA0065501
LA0058882
PA0026531
CA0038598
CA0048194
CA0107417
CA0108031
LA0038245
CA0107395
CA004S160
TN0020711
CA0037737
CA0048143
CA0047996
CA0037494
CA0047881
CA0047364
CA0022756
CA01 10604
NR
Detcctioa
tart
r
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
:.7. . Rtttaof
InflMBt
, • CoactPtMtiogg
NR
NR
NR •
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
30
No. of
Data
Pbi**
1
5
13
29
5
33
6
32
29
5
5
6
1
38
5
3
22
4
2
1
2
1
3
1
9
6
Areng* '"•
EflbMHt
Coflccotr^iOB
(wW;^ v
0.1000
132.0000
0.1000
0.1000
0.0200
1551000
05000
15.6000
483.4500
0.1000
03420
0.0602
QJ0100
1.6500
02360
0.0100
0.0400
0.0500
0.1600
0.0500
0.1250
0.0500
0.0502
05000
0.1000
0.1000
Rtmoral
•; .{*>.',:
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NPDES
NPDES
' NPDES
NPDES _
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES*
NPDES«
NPDE?
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES»
NPDES1
NPDES1
NPDES"
NPDES*
NPDES-
NPDES*
ART
'Data used in developing universal standard:
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 23. .
NRJ-071
0610-02.nij
B-26
-------
Table B-6
Treatment Performance Data
for Chlorobenzene in Wastewaters
Ttttaofecr
AFF
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AirS
AlrS
BGAC
BT
BT
BT
BT
BP
BT+AC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
PACT*
PACT*
TKfaobfT
-v" Serf*-
Bench
Bench
Bench
Beach
Full
Fufl
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
' Full
Full
' Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
, Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
501A
371D
200B
200B
975B
6B
200B
975B
975B
IB
206B
241B
97SB
1328E .
1328E
501A
P206
P246
P263
F001-F005
P202
P246
245B
24SB
237A
1421D
.6B ,
200B
Deftcte
fesk>
MR
MR
MR,
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
• NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
R*aC*of
(I*« V
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100:1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
0-100
929-49775
10-3040
443-832
1900
79-129
10-7200
lOQrlOOO'
1000-100001
1000-10000"
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
No. of
D*t*
9
NR
12
6
NR
4
a
NR
NR
6
20
5
NR
5
5
23
8
13
3
1
20
16
1
1
1
NR
. 4
11
Average
CoAccBtnbm
" a*»
LOOO
160.000
1.100
1300
6.000
10.000
0.200
10.000
6.000
3.000
1.300
4.000
12.000
1800.000
3300.000
0.290
841.000
101.000
504.000
12.000
10.000
30.000
10.000
10.000
' 10.000
0.250
10.000
0.800
BeMovat
«*>
90.7
94.7
99.17
99 Jl
94.6
98.9
99 23
94.6
84
984
9934
98.6
973
77
89
97.6
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
96.6
99.7
99.17
56
99.38
99.37
Rrferaac* :.::,•:;.
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT
BDAP-*
BOAT
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0610-02.ni:
B-27
-------
Table B-6
(Continued)
Tccbnalofjr
PACT*
Tedmoiogjr
Scafe
Bench
242E
Dateetfo*
Lnnt
NR
Raise of
(PI*)
0-100
Data
NR
OMCCBtCatiDB
5.000
84
Reference
••••^•^••MHH
WERL
PACT*
Bench
MR
31
5.000
84
WAO(LTI)
RO
Pilot
323B
NR
o-ioo-
12.000
50
WERL
RO
Full
2MB
NR
0-100
NR
4.000
S3
WERL
RO
Full
250B
NR
1000-10000
NR
9L6
WERL
SS
Full
2S1B
NR
100-1000
10
10.000
97.4
WERL
WOx
Bench
Zirnpw
NR
5535000
155000aOOO
72
WAO(UT)
WOx
Bench
ZtlBpTO
NR
792000
'Data used in developing universal standard.
.»EAD data presented in the BDAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
61000.000
923
WAO(LIT)
NRJ-071
0610-02.nrj
B-28
-------
Table B-7
Treatment Performance Data
for Chloroform in Wastewaters
T«*M>fccr •
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Tadtoolou
Serf*
Full
Full
Pilot
FuQ
Full .
Full
Pilot
Full
Fun
FuU
Full
Bench
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
. FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
T*atr
1607B
IB
203A
141A
1607B
1607B
203A
IB
6B
IB
6B
202D
234A
IB
375E
IB
975B
234A
234A
6B
238A
1607B
1607B
206B
375E
1587E
241B
234A
Detectioa
UMJt
(K«
NR
MR
NR
" NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Raateof
lafbM*.
ConccBtntBOHV
U M*
0-100
100-1000
• 100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
No.rf
D**
3
6
14
NR
2
3
14
3
7
5
3
NR
NR
.6
7
6
NR
NR
NR
3
3
3
2
20
7
NR
5
NR ;
Avenge
toil
9.000
26.000
53.000
16.000
10.000
130.000
31.000
20.000
30.000
6.000
10.000
200.000
1.200
21.000
1.000
59.000
2.000
2JOO
0.500
10.000
2.400
50.000
40.000
3.600
20.000
1.600
44.000
1.300
RMOTtl
(*>
90.1
%.8
61 .
923
97.4
86
77
80 .
77
86
97.7
99.43
61
62
75
51
93.8
72
98.4
98.2
46
86
96.9
97.4
78
65
85
84
Reftnae»
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0610-02.nrj
B-29
-------
Table B-7
(Continued)
Tedmafaty
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FU
AS+FU
AirS
AirS •
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS •
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
CAC
CAOAirS
ChOx
ChOx
ChOx
(ozone)
ChOx
(ozone)
GAC
Technology
Seal*
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Fufr
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Faeffity
203A
6B
201B
234A
240A
6B
6B
1328E
369A
213B
1328E
22SB
17A
17A
. 17A
17A
210B
17A •
132SE
434B
203A
1833D
640E
640E
331D
331D
1264B .
DeteticM
rj»iif .:.
(PI**
MR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
K:.v..R«t*or
:'";'" irmttum*
I ' :
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100*
10000-100000
0-100*
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000*
100-1000
.100-1000
1000-10000 .
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000'
. 0-100
0-100
0-100*
N^rf
Data
14
27
29
NR
14
3
14
5
NR
1
5
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
5
4
14
25
2
1
NR
NR
NR
Ktt^tmt
GMCtntnffeM
' fe*ry-
18JXK)
19.000
38.000
1300
2JOOO
10.000
10.000
16000.000
1.400
13X00
4401X000
0.130
2^00
110.000
3.900
4^00
1.000
3.700
34.000
41.000
106.000
.0.200
7.000
3.000
46.000
2.800
1.000
Roooral
; cw
87
98.7
53
65
98
99.41
95.8
93.1
9&2
77
83
985
96.9
91.7
88
98.6
99J
98.6
84
98
22
89
96
99
37
35
87
IT-af - ••III.
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL.
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0610-02.nrj
B-30
-------
Table B-7
(Continued)
TcctaulocT
GAG
GAC
GAG
GAG
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
RO
RO
RO
SCOx
SS»
ss*
ss
ss
ss
ss
TF
TF
TF
WOx
WOx
Ted-otofy
Sal*
Pilot'
Fufl
Full
Full
Beach
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Fun
Full
Pilot
Fun
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
Pilot
FuU
Pilot
Bench
Bench
FacSTjr
331D
245B
237A
245B
242E
Zunpro
Zunpxo
180A
2SOB
2SOB
65D
415T
913
6B
6B
2S1B
2S1B
240A
IB
203A
Zimpro
Zimpro
Drtectio*
!;•*;»
(PDb)
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
: RMC*of
CsoccDfiratiaflft
(ppb)
0-100
100-1000*
100-1000*
100-1000*
0-100
. 1470
38
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
7330-1088000
28700-200000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
1000000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
4450000
270000
lfe.ef
D*«
Pants
NR
1
1
1
NR
1
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
15
14
15
2
10
10
14
4
14
1
1
Avenf*
EfflMt : "••
*P6) :
1JOOO
10.000
10.000
10.000
20400
1.000
20.000
< 0390
110.000
53.000
1.700
10500
129^00
10.000
120.000
6000.000
9600.000
11.000
14.000
102.000
3000.000
1000.000
Ranorak
•-••»)•
98.6
97.6
98.1
963
47
99.9
47
71
945
87
99.83
NR
NR
99.99
99.88
99.99
96.4
89
86
24
99.9
99
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO(LTT)
WAO(UT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO(LIT)
WAO (LIT)
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR • Not reported
Source*. Reference 23.
NRJ-071
061(W2.nrj
B-31
-------
Table B-8
Treatment Performance Data
for o-Cresol in Wastewaters
•••--=" •"l^.-_
AnFF
AnFF
AnFFwGAC
BT»
RO
SeH»
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Fun
Full
230A
235D
249D
REF17
250B
Deteetiok
(Pf*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
JEL
100000-1000000
10000-100000
100000-1000000
1886-2536
100-1000
No. of
'«••»,
NR
NR
NR
2
NR
Co^L
26000X00
7800.000
8800.000
25X00
14.000
Rannal
(*>
78
85
98.7
NR
985
WERL
WERL
WERL
BDATV
WERL
•Data used in developing universal standard.
'EAD data presented in the BDAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document (25).
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 23. •
NRJ^Tl
0610-02.nij
B-32
-------
Table B-9
Treatment Performance Data
for meta/para-Cresol in Wastewaters
TirfaaTnp-
AFI+DAF+AS
AS«
AnFF
RO
SExt
Tiftaelap
Safe
Full
Pilot
Bench
Fufl
Pilot .
wxatf
1482D
' 241B
23QA
2SOB
10S2E
.. IMfc
&**
NR
NR
NR
"NR
NR
Rage of
&S«
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
Nfcrf
Date
4
9
NR
NR
NR
; AYCffVffr
; ^r ill ,t r • itn •
\vOBCQBn0OB
(ppw
160.000
174.000
17000.000
7ZOOO
3000.000
RoBoral
, <*>
87
68
90.7
97.7
99.66
Referaw*::
WERL
WERL-
WERL
WERL
WERL
•Data used in developing universal standard.
VEAD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Documeat.
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-OZnrj
B-33
-------
Table B-10
Treatment Performance Data
for p-Dichlorobenzene in Wastewaters
I TddHOfef?
AFF
,AL
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS*
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS"
Ls
AS
AS*
AS
[ AS-
1 AirS
BGAC
1 CAC
[ ChOx
Teduolofr
':.- \Sait ;'.*
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Fun .
Full
Pilot
Fun
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
- Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Bench
'•-. F*a*
501A
192P
203A
203A
192D
IB
234A
241B
975B
192D
631I>
631D
240A
192D
234A
241B
201B
IB
IB
203A
234A
6B
97SB
975B
1328E
501A
203A
. 975B
DefK&H.
Limit
tott
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
- NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ruf«of
CoBctntntmv
fctt
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100 .
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100*
0-100*
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
0^100
0-100
0-100
NO. or
Data
27
NR
. 11
11
NR
2
NR
4
NR
NR
NR
NR
12
NR
NR
11
2
1
1
11
NR
• 4
NR
NR
5
34
11
NR
ATCCIC*
ta*?
0.200
10.000
31.000
12400
10.000
10.000
OJOO
10.000
12.000
10.000
OM4
0.004
8.000
10.000
0^00
19.000
6.000
5.000
8.000
5.000
0.500
10.000
4.900
27.000
3600.000
0.270
66.000
5.000
Rmmrii
! «»>
98.1
88
67
87
90^
76
81
90.7
99.63
90.5
99
99
933
88
90
95.1
79
93.1
83
94.6
91.7
97
92.8
96.6
90
97.5
29
91.1
====
. ^*-*-" -
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
"WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL*
WERL
WERL1
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0610-02.nrj
. B-34
-------
Table B-10
(Continued)
Tec&aolocr
GAC
GAC
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
RBC
RO
IF
IF
Tccfcaology
Seal*
Fun
Full
Bench
Bench
Beach
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
S f
TtaStf
245B
1421D
975B
975B
Zi^po
192D
180A
240A
203A
IMcetiiM.
(PI*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
teW
100-1000*
0-100
0-100
0-100
364
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
Jfe.rf
DMA
Matt
1
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
11
11 .
Ararat*
BlfiM*
Cowraitratiai
CPI*)
1OOOO
OJOO
5.000
5.000
0015
10.000
0.670
16.000
58.000
: Reawral
I f»
96
92
93^
923 .
99.96
88
61
88
38
ReTereDc*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
(UT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
•Data used in developing unsvenal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between that range.
NR « Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
061CWJ2.nrj
B-35
-------
Table B-ll
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,2-Dichloroethane in Wastewaters
Tecfcaotofj
AL
AL
AL
AL+AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS + fil
AiiS
AirS
CAC
PACT*
RO
RO
RO
RO
ss-
SS-
ss
ss
Tcchaolocr
•.;.;?:• Scafa
Pilot
FuU
PUot
Full
Pilot
PUot
FuU
FuU
PUot
FuU
FuU
Bench
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
Full
Pilot
Bench
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
IteO*
203A
IB
203A
233D
203A
241B
IB
6B
240A
6B
375E
202D
IB
66
6B
6B
322B
322B
203A
ZLmpro
2SOB
2SOB
323B
250B
415T
913
2S1B
6B
Detection
Link
(K>W
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
N'R
NR
NR
NR
10
10
NR
NR
Raat« at
(Pf*)
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
210
1000-10000
(MOO
0-100*
100-1000
2339900-2347600
172000-327000
1000000
1000000
Nk.o*
Dttft
Vofa*
14
6
14
21
14
3
6
3
13
25
7
NR
6
13
12
3
5
5
14
1
NR
NR
1
NR
15
14
10
15
Eflkia*
CoaccHtmigft
(P!*>>
15.000
10.000
45.000
&000
22.000
140.000
4*00.000
1ZOOO
5.000
29.000
74.000
3700.000
1800.000
94.000
15.000
1200.000
55.000
189.000
109.000
1.000
350.000
13.000
32.000
43.000
56.100
73.300
97.000
. 56.000
Ream*
W
902
99.75
71
99.67
86
57
33
98.1
943
98^
82
98.6
89
84
9&5
98J
89
91^
29
99^
84
79
37
76
NR
NR
99.99
99.99
^.,V • •'• .'"•ftS:
AiVERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL .
WERL
WERL
WAO(LIT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
EAD-OCPSF*
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0610-02.nrj
B-36
-------
Table B-ll
(Continued)
ss
IF
TF
TF
WOx
WOxfBJ
3rrfi
Fun '
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Faeaitjr
6B
240A
375E
203A
ZlIDptO
1Q54E
Dtfactia*
Lin*
fc*W
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
(P5*>
10000(V1000000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
£280000
1000000
*fe»«r :
Data
-MMC
2
13
7
14
1
NR
,«___^__
- CoaccBtratMR
(Ppb)
5OOOO
12.000
45.000
93.000
13000X00
230000.000
Rcouxral
(«>
99 J8
86
65
39
99A
93.6
R^ftcVM£A
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO(LII)
WERL
"D»U used ia dcvclopinj universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR- Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-02.nrj
B-37
-------
Table B-12
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,1-Dichloroethylene in Wastewaters
-- TecfaMtocr ;
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
CAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
RO
RO
RO
SS
SS
SS
SS*
Tcchaolacr
':- State
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full •
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
PUot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full .
r«caty
203A
203A
6B
206B
201B
203A
IB
6B
IB
240A
6B
217B
222B
1362E
1344E
1I39E
1139E-
203A
237A
1264B
1139E
250B
2SOB
2SOB
2S1B
6B
6B
415T
Detate
(PI*>
NR
: MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
'NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
: RMftof
Taflnaa
L Onif fittertioM-
(PJ*>
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100*
0-100*
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100*
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
200-10800
NO. or
D*t*
Poi*»
14
14
3
20
2
14
2
22.
2
12
3
1
1
3
NR
6
2
14
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
2
.15
15
Avm££
Effteett
CoMceuUftUue
(ppW
83.000
35.000
10.000
O200
1.000
14.000
5.000
10.000
&000
LOGO
25.000
0300
1.000
4.000
2.000
7.400
1000
150.000
10.000
1.000
1.000
1^00
3.100
240.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10^00
Rcmmi
(%»
61
84
97J '
99.75
97.5
93.4
86V
97
9iS
983
97
95.6
923
99.82
99.94
92.7
98L6
29
64
70
97
98.4
72
78
99.79
99.87
99.77
NR
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WE£L
EAD-OCPSP
NRJ-071
0610-OZnrj
B-38
-------
Table B-12
(Continued)
Tedbttloor
Scarf*
(PP6)
Avenc*
(PI*)
(*)
SS"
Fun
913
10
2900-12300
14
laooo
NR
EAD-OCPSP
TF
Pilot
240A
NR
0-100
12
.1.000
WERL
TF
Pilot
203A
MR
100-1000
14
85.000
60
WERL
•Data uced in developing univetcal standard.
The influent coccentntion wax reported as between thi* range.
NR « Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-07I
0610.02.nij
B-39
-------
Table B-13
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Wastewaters
Detection
Unit
(«*>
No. of
fitf*
&**
AS
Fun
6B
NR
10000-100000
110JJOO
99.15
WERL
PACT*
Full
6B
NR
1000-10000
5&000
96.4
WERL*
Bench
Zunpxo
NR
10000000
26000X00
99.74
WAO (LIT)
wp^pj
Beach
236A
NR
> 1000000
1200OOOO
99.88
WERL
•Data used in developing univenal stahdaid.
NR " Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-OZnrj
B-40
-------
Table B-14
Treatment Performance Data
for Heptachlor in Wastewaters
Tecteoiacr
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
BT
BT
CAC
GAC
TF
TF
TcchufcBr
- ''.at* -
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Fun
Fufl
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
s
-*-*:
LAOQ5SSS2
LAOQ58882
LA0065501
PA0026531
FL0021661-
203A
203A
240A
203A
204A
LA003824S
PA0026247
203A
237A
203A
24QA
Dcftc&w
Limit
(K*>>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ra^0 of
&•»>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100 .
NR
NR
0-100
100-1000*
0-100
0-100
No. of
Data
Afato/
33
32
6
29
3
11
11
13
11
8
39
25
11
1
11
12
n A i»t"i»a
f*J^Mf *Mll«,iL^
fcfW
153000
15.0000
0.1000
2Z4140
0.0430
13.0000
13.0000
25.0000
13.0000
23000
1.7590
0&470
14.0000
0.0100
18.0000
26.0000
Sowmd
(*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
67
67
68
67
923
NR
NR
64
99.99
54
67
, •••••../;,-.
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL*
WERL
WERL
*Dau used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentntion was reported as between this range.
NR * Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-02.nrj
B-41
-------
Table B-15
Treatment Performance Data
for Heptachlor Epoxide in Wastewaters
•Data used in developing universal standard.
NR » Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-OZnrj
B-42
-------
Table B-16
Treatment Performance Data
for Hexachlorobenzene in Wastewaters
TirtaiTiiy
AS
AS
AS+FiP
GAC
Jtdmdtogy
Sta
Full
Full
Full
Fun
t <'
« VfeOtr
375E
37SE
6B
237A
Detection
taut
(PI*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
as?
fnarralii
83
94.4
96.7
38
.. Bflfenac* •
WERL
WERL
WERL'
WERL
"Data used in developing universal standard.
NR « Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NR/-071
OfiKMlnrj
B-43
-------
Table B-17
Treatment Performance Data
for Hexachlorobutadiene in Wastewaters
TecfaMtocr
(PI*>
Dcte
<*)
AS
Pilot
241B
NR
100-1000
11
15.000
WERL
AS+FiT
Full
6B
MR
100-1000
10.000
923
WERL-
AS+FiT
Full
6B
NR
lodo-ioooo
14
10.000
99.6
WERL*
GAC
FuU
237A
NR
lOO-lOOO*
20.000
82
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR » Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-OZnrj
B-44
-------
Table B-18
Treatment Performance Data
for Hexachloroethane in Wastewaters
Sb»
Dctectie*
No. of
{*>
AS
Pilot
241B
MR
100-1000
11
10.000
97.1
WERL
AS+FiT
Full
6B
MR
100-1000
14
10.000
935
WERL'
•Data used in developing univcnsl standaid.
MR » Notrepotted
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-02.ni]
B-45
-------
Table B-19
Treatment Performance Data -
for Methyl Ethyl Ketone in Wastewaters
— ^ ^ m,
Tedmofac
MR
NR
NR
NR
AS
AS
AS
BT»
BT
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
WOx
WOx
WOx+PACT"
WOxfB]
WOx [B]
T«chaafefr
b. Sate
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot "
NR
Beach
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench
Bench
•FvOtr
NY0096792
NY0072231
IN0036072
NH0001503
241B
252E
2S2E
CWM
CWM
Zunpro
^Sflipco
£iinpio
Zimpro
242E
Zinpro
78D
78D
=====
Unit
W*
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
100
100
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
100
NR
NR
=====
===
SflVBBflf
fe*}
NR
NR
NR
NR
100-1000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
2000-19000
-7067
2300
266
300
6000000
1000000
130000-250000
1000000
100000-1000000
==
No. of
D*te
8
10
14
1
5
6
7
3
3
1
1
1
1
NR
3
NR
NR
=====
Avenge
EffiMOt
CoBetatnttioB
(PI*)
3.400
35.400
779 J60
27000.000
9.000
900.000
500.000
100.000
lOOflOO
14.000
LOOO
0.010
1000.000
2300.000
100
IOOOMO
1000.000
=====
TttmmH
• &&^
NR
NR
NR
NR
96.6
99.7
99
98.78
9K5B
9939
99.6
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.6
: Piriiuat«
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES §
WERL
WERL
WERL
LEACHATE*
LEACHATE*
WAO(LTT)
WAO(UT)
WAO(LIT)
WAO(LTT)
WERL |
WAO f
WERL |
WERL |
•Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-02.nij
B-46
-------
Table B-20
Treatment Performance Data
for Nitrobenzene in Wastewaters
TceJMofefr
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AiiS
BT
BT+AC
ChOx
LL
LL
LL+SS
LL*SS*AC
PACT*
PACT*
PACT"
PACT*
SCOx
SS
SS
SS*AC
TfrlMnfojj
Sa»
Bench
FuU
Full
PuH
Bench
Beach
Full
FuU
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench
FuU
FuU
Bench
FuU
FuU.
FuU
FuU
Bench
Full
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
FaefltT
371D
975B
6B
6B
202D
200B
975B
6B
241B
IB
241B
1328E
P246
P246
975B
K104
K103
K103/
K104
K103/
K104
190E
6B
975B
200B
65D
P297
P246
500
Defecte
•.limit.
.?•' 0»W =
MR
MR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
30.
30
30
30 '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
14
Rsnfcol1
Inflow*
CoaceBtntioet
&&:&*
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
lOO-lOOO-
100-1000
100000-1000000
821-5559
821-90500
0-100
2200000-3900000
1500000-3000000
1500000-3900000
1500000-3900000
100-1000
1000-10000
"100-1000
100-1000
1000000 •
87000-330000
91200-1965760
14-5460000
• . , -• . :<....,
No. of
D«ta
Taatf
NR
NR
330
3
NR
16
NR
28
4
1
10
5
14
18
NR
5
5
5
4
NR
4
NR
12
NR
10
15
37
:'-; ATenge-'"
ElBaett
(HP&fr
69.000
96.000
120.000
150.000
2200.000
3.000
3.400
14.000
10.000
23.000
32.000
96000.000
737.000
297.000
2.000
2420000.000
2200000.000
2400.000
30.000,
21.000
14.000
2.000
3.700
' 22.000
11793.000
251325.000
520.300
Recovery
* W
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
115
115
115
115
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ranoral
<*>
97.7
72
96.1
99.3
97.8
97.5
99.48
99.78
923
90
9Z8
16
NR
NR
95.9
NR
NR
NR
NR
i 96
98.8
98.3
96.7
99.99
NR
NR
NR
RcftartBCV. :l-r': :>'.
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
BDAT»
WERL
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
BOAT
EAD-OCPSF*
NRJ-071
0610-OZnq
B-47
-------
Table B-20
(Continued)
•Data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule P001-POQ5 Background Documeat.
*Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
MR - Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-02.nrj
B-48
-------
Table B-21
Treatment Performance Data
for Pentachlorophenol in Wastewaters
TocBMw(]r
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Tcctaolocr
.'••'•• Sfa*,";r
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
PUot
Pilot
PUot
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Bench
. Bench
'. '"••'-'•yi'.:-y'.«:-'4-i
-vyfia^B:
LA0066214
TX0001201
OH0058874
MS00445SO
TX0001201
M00103349
MW0049786
NJQOS0750
LA006S501
OH0004961
CT0003751
W10025739
WY0032590
PA0026531
WY0032S90
CT0001341
NY0001210
203A
203A
192D
1050E
192D
240A
673B
1691A
202D
Detection
: Urn*.
fel*> ;
NR
' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kant* of '
Infinc*
CoaecBtratioM
fet*""'.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100
MOO
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000 •
100-1000
1000-10000
Kb. oT
D*t*
Ibfafe"
15
9
5
1
59
14
40
5
6
1
1
1
34
29
1
24
1
11
11
NR
5
NR
9
29
NR
NR
ATonte "
€OIC£Bt£ftilBB'
' few '.
10.000
29.400
7624.000
1000
41.900
3.700
3.148
18.775
5.000
16200.000
10.000
40.000
1.000
23103.400
1.000
64.600
0.010
57.000
20.000
10.000
2500
70.000
20.000
3600.000
1.000
170.000
BeBoral
{«>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
32
76
98
993
86
60
57
99.66
97.9
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
.NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0610-02.nij
B-49
-------
Table B-21
(Continued)
Technology
AS
II ^
AS
.AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
BT
BT
BT
CAC
COAG + Sed +
BT+fil
Fii
FiI + GAO
GAC
RBC
RO
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF '
TF
TF
NRJ-071
0610-02.ni]
Technology
So*
Beach
Full
Pilot
FuU
Pflot
Bench
FuU
Bench
Bench
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
moi
Pilot
Pilot .
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
. Full
Full
' * F«oH«y
960E
375E.
204A
375E
203A
1691A
. 37SE
40D
591A
375E
PA0008800
PA0026247
LA0038245
203A
673B
673B
673B
192D
1SOA
240A
375E
IB
IB
203A
375E
M00023264
=s^===
Dcteetfe*
•" Lnwt
<***;:
NR
NR
NR
NR
'NR
NR
NR
I NR
1 NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
l;/lRMt«afV:n/
^''^S1!!:
10000-100000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
0-100
10000-100000
1000-10000
0-100
NR
NR
NR
0-100
NR
" i
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
NR
B-50
{!*».<*
; iDate-
>o«*
4
7
11
NR
7
30
NR
7
6
25
41
11
"
28
9
28
NR
NR
10
7'
6
6
11
7
10
========
:;§.;;;:A»W«»:;:
: .-• *^ni*f *"*T***fl<
• i^r^ <»«#•:•••.:• ;•
5400.000
0^20
t&300
0.650
3.000
2.000
0.190
68.000
2.000
0.410
585 JOO
21600
44.624
50.000
20.444
3400.000
20.000
30.000
90.000
0.100
25.000
0.430
220.000
14.000
82.000
0300
1Z100
Removal
(%)
74
15
17
14
96.4
99.98
63
99.66
99.94
39
NR
NR
NR
40
NR
6
95.fr
82
86
39
6
35
69
33
NR
=T==^=
" •"• — «• — — •— — ••
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
NPDES
WERL
WERL*
WERL
WERL '
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
-------
Table B-21
(Continued)
Teckaobfjr
... . S».:- ,.
Dttaetfaa
(PP*)
Kefemc*
WOx
Bench
NR
5000000
135000.000
7J3
WAO(LTT)
Beach
236A
NR
> 1000000
6000.000
99JK
WERL
•DaU toed in developing univenal standard
NR * Not repotted
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
061W)2.nrj
B-51
-------
Table B-22
Treatment Performance Data
for Pyridine in Wastewaters
•Dau used in developing universal standard.
NR • Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-02.nrj
B-52
-------
Table B-23
Treatment Performance Data
for Tetrachloroethylene in Wastewaters
•ftdMfccr
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS-t-Fil
AS+Fil
AirS
AirS
:.".... Setf*
Fun
Full
Full
Fun
. Full
Fun
Full
FuU
Full
Full'
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Pilot
FuU •
FuU
FuU
Fun
FuU
FuU
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
, Pilot
* S
Tm*tr
IB
IB
IB
IB
238A
1587E
234A
238A
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
241B
IB
201B '
IB
IB
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
6B
6B
221B
71D
Dctetia*
/Jtiaft
fe*>
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR -
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
RUC#af
hfiMtt
80
S3
97.5
85
87
97.8
49
87
. 96
96.7
75
96.7
45
71
95.3
85 .
89S
93
79
78
95.9
85
74
83
99.04
97.7
95.8
98.7
'•''••'•'ttttenaff •
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL .
NRJ-071
0610-OZnij
B-53
-------
Table B-23
¥. '
(Continued)
| Technolotr
AirS
AiiS
AiiS
AirS
AirS ,,,
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AnFF
BT
BT
BT
CAC+AirS
ChOx
ChOx
Chred
GAC
GAC
GAC -
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
RO'
RO
Technology
i • State
Fun
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
FuU
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
FuU
Pilot
Bench
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Pilot
PUot
- Bench
Full
Full
FuU
Bench '
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
IT-, -tra
FmLJIUf
223B
•»r>y
217B
207B
69A
220B
208B
1363E
214B
1042E
322B
1362E
724D
. P22S
P280
F001-F005
1833D
2026A
2026A
MR
1264B
245B
237A
242E
Zimpro
Zimpro
323B
180A
Detect**
Lint
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
I KM***
[ InfiM*
(Ppb)
lOO-lOOO-
0-100-
100-1000"
0-100>
0-100
0-100-
0-100*
0-100
100-1000*
100-1000
100-1000
1000.10000
10000-100000
95-31500
110-1748
62
0-100
0-100
0-100
250
0-100
lOOO-lOOOO5
100-1000-
100-1000
304
136
o-iocr .
0-100
N»*«r
Data
Pointe
1
1
1
1
NR
1
j 1
NR
1
NR
9
3
NR
18
12
1
7
4 .
4
1
NR
1
1
NR
NR
1
1
NR
A»wga,;:
EZRofl*
I Coacatrs&m
«PBb^v'
0^09
(X200
0300
OJOO
0.960
0^00
0.200
OJOO
OJOO
0500
. 1.200
5^000
4.400
47.000
10.000
7300
0.100
•2.000
1.700
5.000
1.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
1.000
10.000
30.000
0.250
: Ronoral
'••• "::- • 'C»> • '
j 99.43
943
99.73
983
98.4
99.76
-^^•««— ^••••^
99.17
97.1
9931
99.71
99.75
99.74
99.99
NR
NR
88.2
89
86
84
98
95^
99.13
96.3
92.6
99.7
93
68
81
f ftrfirrarr'1''"'
-4 •-
1 ' WERl.
T —
1 WERL
1 WERL
- -
WERL
WERL I
WERL , \
WERL I
f 1
WERL 1
\ ^
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL 1
1
WERL §
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
ART
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO (LIT)
WAO (LIT)
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0610-02.nij
B-54
-------
Table B-23
(Continued)
Tcctaalocr
SS1
SS
SS
TF
IF
IF
TF .
IF
TF
UV(B)
WOx
WOx
Ted»obcr
Seal*
Fun
Full
Full
Full
FuU '
Full
FuU
Full
FuU
Bench
MR
Pilot
FavStr'
913
251B
6B
IB
IB
IB-
IB
IB
IB
1138E
ZizBpxo
78D
Deteetio*
NR
99^9
99.95
81
83
54
9&9
917
943
85
97.6
. 9958
•• .v ::-' .
RefercDce .
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
'EAD data presented in the BDAT Solvent* Rule F001-FOQS Background Document
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR « Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRI-071
0610-02.nrj
B-55
-------
for
Table B-24
Treatment Performance Data
Trichloroethylene in Wastewaters
1
AS
r"
A.
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
II ^
AS
AS
AS
AS
1 AS
1 AS
1 AS
[ AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
-AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
NRJ-071
0610-02-nij
1 ™
Ttcbmelosr
Se»h
Beach
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
'Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
I
FacStr
202D
IB
IB
6B
1587E
37SE
IB
206B
238A
IB
241B
IB
234A
201B
IB
IB
6B
238A
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
1362E
209B
199B
26A
V
T
Octeetio*
Limit
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range ef
rtmeati iAm
(PPW
10000-100000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
•0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
lOO-lOOO-
100-1000
100-1000
B-56
T— '
No. of
V**
NR
4
6
3
NR
7
6
20
3
4
5
6
NR
.
6
5
5
3
NR
5
6
,.4
6
5
3
1
NR
NR
ss^aaii1
Arcnfu
: Cemumtntiem
l»fc*
210.000
5.000
2.000
11X000
0.100
ZSOO
tcoo
1500
2.100
3JOOO
7JJOO
64.000
0.700
13.000
ZOOO
tooo
10.000
(X500
0.700
31.000
87.000
4.000
37.000
1.000
0.800
1-500
27.000
•t
^?5=S^^^ES
I ReoMtnd
(*>
99.78
• mmm^l^^^^l^
89
• ^•••^^••^^•^^•B
99.23
944
95.7
58
96.7
9BL6
9O6
973
96.7
87
n
87
97^
9&5
89
94.8
923
74
87
89.7
92^
99.94
99^8
99.75
87
'" RffrrriM-a
WERL
~-"
WERL
~ Mi
WERL
WERL 1
WERL §
WERL §
WERL |
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL""
WERL B
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
-------
Table B-24
(Continued)
Tecbaology
AirS
AirS
AiiS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AiiS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
BT
BT
Tecfcaotosr
Scale
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Fun
Fun !
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot1
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
:, ] *.-.'. ,f
•'; Facffitr;':-
216B
219B
369A
211B
205E
220B
217B
322B
1327E
212B
• 223B
69A
369A
221B
1585E
1363E
1327E
211B •
1042E
215B
208B
222B
322B
' 158SE
. 71D
207B
FOOI-F005
P213
: VntteHott
limit
: <«»•*>•
MR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
'•.'• InlhMnt
f*n' a- , • • ,- -
UNKCurMMMB
:•=:•' •"«»
100-1000*
. 100-1000-
O-100
lOO-lOOO-
0-100
100-1000-
100-1000*
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100*
0-100*
0-100
0-100
0-100*
0-100-
100-1000
0-100
lOOO-lOOOO*
0-100
0-100-
0-100-
0-100-
1000-10000
1000-10000-
100-1000-
0-100*
60
16-76
No. of
Bate
1
1
NR
1
NR
1
1
to
NR
1
1
NR
NR
1
1
NR
NR
1
NR
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
3
AVCIYffr
: EffiM*
frfW . ' •
1100
0500
0300
3.100
LOGO
0200
1200
0.460
190.000
0.400
0500
1.400
3.000
0500
4300
5.000
4300
7.700
0300
0500
0.700
0300
11.000
170.000
5.000
0500
5.800
10.000
!•'_,','..:. •,.,',
RaMvai
,.., (%t
98.9
9958
99.44
98.6
97.2
99.92
99^9
9951
913
99.6
983
98.1
93J
99.44
87
97.1
87
993
99.68
98
99.03
9931
99.77
84
985
98.7
903
NR
Reference '
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL .
WERL
BOAT
BOAT*
NRJ-071
0610-02.tirj
B-57
-------
Table B-24
•.?
(Continued)
1
I
,
L
1
Technology
BT
BT
——____
BT+AC
CAC+AirS
ChOx
ChOx
Chied
1 Chied
Chied
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
PACT*
PACT»
PACT*
PACT*
RO
RO
RO
ss*
ss
ss
ss
ss
NRJ-071
061(W3Znij
TeclmoJogy
; Stale.. ..
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot '
Bench
Bench
Full
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Full
Pilot
Bench
"Bench
Bench
Bench
FuU
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
FtfSuf
P217
P2S3
P246
1833D
2026A
2026A
NR
NR
NR
1264B
1264B
24SB
1264B
245B
237A
REF20
242E
Zimpro
Zimpro
Zimpro
2SOB
2SOB
323B
415
251B
6B
6B
2S1B
V
________
• Detection
• : urn* :;
^:
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
S^^^=!*=S!— —
*:1>2*5
. ••'. :• Infiaa-t
*vflt_f fni r MtSom
frpi*
98-224
484
40-70
0-100
0-100
100-1000
200
280
300
100-1000 .
0-100
100-1000-
0-100
1000-10000-
100-1000-
171
0-100
326
90
32^
100-1000
0-100
0-100"
59-10300
1000-10000
1000-10000
10000-100000
looo-ioooo
B-58
=T======
No. of
Data
. Points
3
,
3
20
4
NR
1
1
1
NR
NR
1
NR
1
1
1
NR
1
1
1
NR
NR
1
15
10
14
2
10
1 Aveeife
; Efflmot
CToof ftitraUuu
Wb)
10.000
16.000
10.000
0.200
3.700
7.100
5.000
3.900
0.400
LOOO
LOGO
10.000
1300
:
10.000
10.000
0590
10.000
1.000
10.000
0.005
110.000
5.500
68.000
16.100
5.000
16.000
10.000
10.000
=P===
Reoio-al
(%>
NR
96.7
• -™— —™-i-»,
NR
90
9&2
94.4
975
98.6
99.9
9936
9&8
97.8
98.6
99.46
95^
99.7
89
99.7
89
78
79
30
NR .
99.91
99.20
99.97
99.79"
=?=====
JtfffrroeM
BOAT*
• — — i— — — —
I BDAT"
1 BDAT
1
WERL
••— »i-»_^— »,
WERL
WERL 1
ART 1
1
ART i
ART 1
^ 1
WERL 1
1
WERL 1
IWERL 1
1
WERL 1
1
WERL. j
WERL |
BOAT*
WERL
WAO (LIT)
WAO(LTT)
WAO (LTT)
WERL |
WERL |
WERL |
EAD-OCPSF*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
•
-------
Table B-24
(Continued)
T«dh*olo(7
SS*
SS
TF
IF
TF
TF
TF
UV[B]
WOx
WOx
WOx[B]
Tecfeotoffy
Scah
Fun
Fan
FuU
Fun
Fun
Fun
FuU '
Bench •
Bench
Bench
Beach
11 A
s- \
Facffit/
913
P284
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
113SE
Zimpro
Zinipio
78D
DcttetfaK
Lint
(ppfc)
10
MR
MR
MR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kaagftflf
(ppte
2290CK52700
10-10300
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
500000
300000
100000-1000000
N*.«f
DM»
14
15
6
5
S
5
6
NR
1
1
NR
ATCM(V
: f^QffifffftritioF
: te*i
10.000
16X100
1.000
LOOO
tooo
1.000
5.000
22.000
1700.000
2000.000
1700.000
RMoral
(%J
NR
NR
9&8
9933
9&5
98.4
9U
56
99.7
993
99US6
Rcftnac*
EAD-OCPSF*
BDAP
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO(LIT)
WAO(LTI)
WERL
'HAD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule FOOI-FOQS Background Document
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration wis reported as between this range.
NR • Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
06104Xnrj
B-59
-------
Table B-25
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,4,5-TrichIorophenol in Wastewaters
DcfecfibB
loot.
(PI*)
Nik of
!»**
<*>
Befti
BTT
NR
DOW
50
25-1000
50.000
90.1
LEACHATP
Gr/Rem
FuU
WT0029149
NR
NR
8.000
NR
NPDES
'Data used in developiof univena! standard.
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-02.nrj
B-60
-------
Table B-26
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in Wastewaters
. , . * •
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS
AS
BT*
BT
3T
BT
BT
RO
T«tealecr
:/ve-Sb* -
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Fun
Full
NR
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Pilot
r*W':
PA0033367
PA0036650
AR003SS12
PAD008231
LA0065501
AR003SS12
CIWW1341
MI0000668
PA0008231
LA0066214
NJD005134
375E
375E
DOW
PA0026247
LA003824S
NY0026042-
M10022276
180A
Defection
Cn*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
feac*<*
•f"'- fefiJ „
• NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100
0-100
26-200
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100
No. of
JP*»
1
6
25
7
6
20
30
8
1
15
is
7
7
3
25
38
3
22
^j^—-.^^^^**.^ .
VOBCaBTUMMt
, fcl«
10400
5.170
3083-510
7150.000
10.000
1294.810
398.000
2.000
10.000
10.000
37.647
0.070
0.040
10.000
11-520
10.466
5.000
0.635
0.010
Removal
(*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
42
60
90.49
NR
NR
NR
NR
98
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
LEACHATE-
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES .
NPDES
WERL
•Data used in developing universal standard.
NR « Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-02.nrj
B-61
-------
Table B-27
Treatment Performance Data
for Vinyl Chloride in Wastewaters
Tcdmofccr
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fil
AiiS
AiiS
AiiS
SS
ss«
ss«
SS
Tecfcnolofr
'•)•''• Scdje
FuU
Full
FuU
Full
Full
Pilot
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
F*Srr
6B
IB
IB
IB
6B
217B .
1344E
69A
251B
913
725
6B
=====
=====
Defection
loot
(w*>
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
.50
50
NR
ftMteof
fepk*
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
10000-100000
1000-10000
0-100*
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
50-3500
410000-2230000
1000000 -
=====
No.«f
Btfft
fe*rt*
3
6
4
6
14
1
NR
NR .
10
14
13
11
—
=====
Arenge
EffiBMt
CoanotntipB
fob*
50.000
20.000
390OOOO
50.000
0500
0.100
0.300
10.000
50.000
37944JOO
120.000
=====
Hesaortl
(%>
94.9
94.1
80
92^
983
93.1
99.99
96.4
99^8
NR
NR
99.99
=====
Rd«nK*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL j
WERL
EAD-OCPSF*
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
•Data used in developing universal standard.
Tne influent concentration was reponed as between this range. .
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-02-nrj
-------
Table B-28
Accuracy Correction Factors for Volatile Organic Constituents Using
Industry-Submitted Leachate Data from CWM
Constituent '"'. . .
Acetone
n-ButanoI
Isobutanol '
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methanol
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
. % , Matrix Spike Recover; "\ \
99
112*
112*
99
112*
99
Accuracy Correction Factor*
101
LO
1.0
1.01
1.0
1.01
Average « 105J*
Volatile Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF)' _» 100/100 - LOO
The accuracy correction factor is calculated from: ACF - 100/recovery value.
'Percent recoveries greater than 100% were set at 100% for
The average accuracy correction factor for volatile organics was calculated using the average of the recovery
values for each volatile organic constituent (ACF > 100/avg. low value).
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
061
-------
Table B-29
Accuracy Correction Factors for Semivolatile Organic Constituents Using
Industry-Submitted Leachate Data from Dow
Percent Recover;
Accuracy
Correction
Factor"
Matrix Spike
Duplicate
Lowest Recovery
> Yakut
Matrix Spike
ACID EXTRACTABLES
Pentachlorophenol
2-ChIorophenol
p-Chloro-m-creso]
4-Nitrophenol
100
^=
Average * 80.2
Acid Semivolatile Organics Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACT)*'- 100/80.2 - L25
BASE/NEUTRAL EXTRACTABLES
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Acenaphthene
N-Nitroso-n-propylamine
Base/Neutral Semivolatile Organics Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF)b = 100/77.5 = 1.29
The accuracy correction factor is calculated from ACF = 100/lowest recovery value
The average accuracy correction factor for semivolatile organics was calculated using the average of the
.lowest recovery values for each semivolatile organic constituent (ACF = 100/avg. low value).
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-02.mj
B-64
-------
Table B-30
EAD Variability Factors for Volatile Organic Constituents
Constituent
Acryionitrile
Benzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1,1-Dichloroe thane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
trans- 1,2-DichloroethyIene
Methyiene Chloride
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichlorocthane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane •
Trichloroethylene
Vinyi Chloride
EAB Variability Factor
4.83045
13.5252
534808
3.71334
3.79125
5.88383
8.22387
2.4723
534808
336915
534808
7.9506
534808
534808
534808
534808
Average = 5.7310
Volatile Organics Average Variability Factor = 5.7310
Source: Reference 23.
NRJ-071
0610-OZnrj
B-65
-------
Table B-31
EAD Variability Factors for Semivolatile Organic Constituents
EAD Variability
EXTRACTABLES
2,4-Dimethylphenol
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
Phenol
Acid Semivolatile
Organic Average Variability F
'actor
=*=
BASE/NEUTRAL EXTRACTABLES
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
•^^"•^•^^•^•"•^••••••M
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Chrysene
Diethyl Pbthalate
Dimethyl Pbthalate
Di-n-butyl Phthalate
Fluoranthene
—•• —^—•.
Fluorene
Naphthalene
— " •—^•a.—^M».
Nitrobenzene
Phenanthrene
Base/Neutral Semivolatile Organics Average Vari.abiliQr Factor = 5.5340
Source: Reference 23. ' .
NRJ-071
061(M2.ntj
B-66
-------
-------
Appendix C
TRI Release Data Corresponding to the Organic
TC Constituents Regulated in D012-D043 Wastes for
1987-1990
NRJ-073
0727-03.nrj
-------
This appendix presents the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) data available to
the Agency for the environmental releases of the constituents corresponding to the
organic TC wastes (D012-D043,). These constituent-specific data were used to develop
the tables and figures presented and evaluated in Section 2.0. For the purpose of the
evaluation of the TRI data, the Agency divided the TC constituents into five groups:
halogenated solvents, non-halogenated solvents, chlorinated phenolics and pesticides, and
pesticide TC constituents (D012-D017). A list of the constituents which comprise the
non-halogenated solvents, halogenated solvents, and chlorinated phenolics and pesticides
groups is presented in Table 2-8.
*
The constituent-specific TRI release and transfer data for each year from
1987-1990 are presented in this appendix. The TRI data are presented in Tables C-l,
C-2, C-3, and C-4 for the halogenated solvents, Tables C-5, C-6, C-7, and C-8 for the
non-halogenated solvents, Tables C-9, C-10, C-ll, and C-12 for the chlorinated phenolics
and pesticides. Since the TRI database provided only limited data on the releases of the
pesticide TC wastes (D012-D017), these data are not included in this appendix. Figures
2-4, 2-5, and 2-6 present an evaluation of the TRI releases and transfers of the
halogenated solvents, non-halogenated solvents, and chlorinated phenolics and pesticides
for the period from 1987-1990.
NRJ-073
0727-Olnij v C-l
-------
L
£
9
K)
CAS
Number
56^23-5
108-90-7
67-66-3
106-46-7
107-06-2
75-35-4
118-74-1
87-68-3
67-72-1
127-18-4
79-01-6
75-01-4
Table C-l
1987 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Halogenated Solvents
Air
->,*
Chemical
- v
*%
-;*
Emissions
<%
•^
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
1,4-Dichlorobenzcne
1,2-Dichloroelhane
1,1-Dichlorbethylene
Hexachlorbbenzene
Hexachloro-l,3-butadiene
1 lexachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl Chloride
Total Release or Transfer
Percentage
4491609
5173781
25253417
1244833
6382086
NA
3339
3580
5656
33207858
53979996
1794472
131540627
74.21
11283
62744
1216418
11557
75486
NA
189
162021
31551
3578
1574841
0.89
211000
56503
161000
19000
1162844
NA
522
70
197
354000
18720
700
1984556
1.12
3134
18878
39220
740
3173
NA
0
1
501
5220
73283
2833
146983
0.08
16551
559923
895936
87305
1391536
NA
109
125
0
468519
130836
38973
3589813
2.03
NA - Dala Not Available
1898593
5290627
2611979
126308
4408848
NA
656847
1984287
831291
9380569
10426948
801165
.
38417462"
21.67
Source: Reference 18
-------
OJ
a
.3
56-23-5'
108-90-7
67-66-3
106-46-7
107-06-2
75-354
118-74-1
87-68-3
67-72-1
127-18-4
79-01-6
75-01-4
Table C-2
1988 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Halogenated Solvents
Number r ! Chemical
f > ^Bmissibjtis |xv J?jtediafl
, ^fPouiiilfiW.J5Kll>niina
ietg«j^idvt'i
iJ0|16k;;t|»^tatti
MMi«i«
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorobcnzenc
Chloroform
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichlorocthylene
1 lexachlorobenzenc
I lexachloro-l,3-buladiene
Hexachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichlorbeihylene
Vinyl Chloride
Total Release or Transfer
Percentage
3767421
4569513
23871504
1891419
4524929
NA
4994
2556
19187
35614502
54623373
1436427
130325825
78.82
16447
98354
1120702
6153
40517
NA
153
11
33784
14050
2051
1332226
0.81
98054
84457
36002
4000
1452084
NA
410
220
520
72250
390
53
1748440
1.06
14759
4127
68498
1300
2166
NA
0
0
1
106394
21440
4409
223094
0.13
5014
578774
1226573
37997
1476992
NA
160
300
260
586994
79652
17104
4009820
2.43
NA - Data Not Available
1349761
5043055
1469422
138882
2013386
NA
965099
3532941
649856
5338846
6531916
675787
27708951
16.76
r
Source: Reference 18
-------
Table C-3
1989 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Halogenated Solvents
Number , : Chemical
56-23-5
108-90-7
67-66-3
106-46-7
107-06-2
75-35-4
118-74-1
87-68-3
67-72-1
127-18-4
79-01-6
Carbon Telrachloritle
Chlorobcn/cne
Chloroform
1,4-Dichloroben/cnc
1,2-Dichloroelhane
1,1-Dichloroclhylonc
I lexachlorobc»7onc
I Iexachloro-l,3-butadicne
Hexachloroethanc
Tetrachloroethylenc
Trichloroethylene
Total Release or Transfer
Percentage
3443248
4051149
25881082
1592229
4382066
NA
4591
3637
22480
27238228
49994455
117882197
79.05
16396
62551
1208450
6621
227614
NA
338
622
421
54940
1596987
1.07
122043
82969
114338
250
1046661
NA
710
330
770
50005
1418857
0.95
1616
6609
70145
250
714
NA
0
10791
102716
0.07
3841
312398
1067436
33941
1399826
NA
30
100
250
467501
3324757
2.23
1716644
4074606
876933
104091
2623097.
NA
1453803
4213617
486536
4230162
24799776
16.63
NA - Dala Nol Available
Source: Reference 18
-------
Table C-4
1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Halogenated Solvents
CAS
Number
Chemical
56-23-5
Carbon Tetrachloridc
1671092
4644
31557
1005
42049
1079478
108-90-7
Chlorobenzene
4046799
72893
49406
4267
148728
3747266
67-66-3
Chloroform
21762461
1001446
89560
57897
799120
1153889
106-46-7
1,4-Dichloroben/ene
818133
3912
255
38
12921
180756
107-06-2
1,2-Dichloroelhane
5595973
48763
826672
7351
81514
3568409
LSI
75-35-4
1,1-D.ichloroclhylene
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
118-74-1
87-68-3
I lexachlorobcn/cnc
I fexachioro'-1,3-bu lad icne
1468
124
220
0
4906
715
330
0
23
958
53010
84345
67-72-1
Hexachloroethanc
8041
1
1500
334
0
128241
127-18-4
Telrachloroelhylenc
21644996
21505
11012
1017
450528
4266258
79-01-6
Trichloroethylene
37897948
14209
805
13154
11341
3619556
75-01-4
Vinyl Chloride
1135809
7291
593
2521
1897
130873
Total Release or Transfer
94587626
1175503
1011910
87584
1549079
18012081
Percentage
81.24
1.01
0.87
0.08
1.33
15.47
NA - Data Not Available
Source: Reference 18
-------
3 '/•'
,-, c
Table C-5
1987 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Non-Halogenated Solvents
n
71-43-2
1319-77-3
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
121-14-2^
78-93-3
98-95-3
110-86-1
Cresols (mixed isomers)
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
'-Cresol
2,4-Dinilrotoluene
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Nitrobenzene
Pyridine
Total Release or Transfer
Percentage
797542
20450
57382
86584
99498
157919555
115893
298438
11475
0
721
1000
11270
76189
17076
2418718
0
0
96000
203000
75250
561000
845704
250
3200
16912
261
59765
250
Transfers
: < '''ft*.
0.42
782392
56210
7091
15118
339052
770000
724166
8850
2912759
1.13
2703567
33508
116939
33711
3952902
48338190
684006
354556
58732969
22.69
Source: Reference 18
-------
It
Table C-6
1988 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Non-Halogenated Solvents
Number "-Chemical
# '<
' ^fct«:i»«fcv*^|^ ?j:0jg
f Jf". Af$ ^A fV.f.,ft
Transfers
71-43-2
Benzene
30787947
47763
825035
136691
1146116
2350382
1319-77-3
108-39-4
Cresols (mixed isomers)
769284
6516
1804060
4772
m-Cresol
18932
283
0
455
358242
7415
1559595
139240
95-48-7
106-44-5
o-Cresol
89797
448
1
1667
p-Cresol
640703
1143
152000
62291
40703
744568
90523
27270
121-14-2
78-93-3
98-95-3_
lfd-86-1
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
93257
12055
106400
14961
Methyl Ethyl Kelone
Nitroben/cnc
136034011
77304
253762
162163
40373
5907
819024
2875
Pyridine
228449
2158
537775
1125
Total Release or Transfer
168702753
153577
700000
9358%
5671
275083
4498057
387000
4213694
Percentage
78.64
0.07
2.10
0.18
1.96
126336
30806197
1371395
97428
36568366
17.05
Source: Reference 18
-------
i, C
Table C-7
1989 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Non-Haiogenated Solvents
n
00
CAS
Number
71-43-2
1319-77-3
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
121-14-2
78-93-3
98-95-3
110-86-1
Chemical
Benzene
Cresols (mixed .isomers)
m-C.resol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
2,4-Dinitrotolucne
Methyl Hlhyl Ketone
Nilroben/enc
Pyridinc
Total Release or Transfer
Percentage
* .. '; &
Emissions
; (Pounds!
27043080
897744
12601
59666
255484
87293
134798789
38791
143003
163336451
79.07
169947
7627
45
311
3421
12657
67797
1287
2365
265457
0.13
799132
2069891
0
2
1800
69000
200698
554025
660281
4354829
2.11
$£D
122444
2437
0
3345
10000
341
163627
2814
251
305259
0.15
tottttipfe
1178362
78305
15588
123923
1507037
600000
789574
4750
354602
4652141
2.25
ts£3f
1881680
728393
55715
73192
745156
243455
29551913
108436
259117
33647057
16.29
Source: Reference 18
-------
Jg
Table C-8
1990 TRI Releases and Transfers of TC Non-Halogenated Solvents
o
vb
Number Chemical
71-43-2
1319-77-3
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
121-14-2
78-93-3
98-95-3
110-86-1
Benzene
Cresols (mixed isomcrs)
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
2,4-Dinilrololuene
Methyl Ethyl Ketouc
Nilroben/ene
Pyridine
Total Release or Transfer
Percentage
Source: Reference 18
-------
O
o
2 .<
?, /
3 ^
r.
CAS V;
Number
57-74-9
76-44-8
1024-57-3
87-86-5
95-95-4
88-06-2
Table C-9
1987 TRI Releases and Transfers of Chlorinated Phenolics and Pesticides
Chemical
* Air ^
Emissions
ndetgroiutd
Chlordane
I leplachlor
Ileplachlor l-poxide
Penlachlorophenol
2,4,5- 1 richlorophcnol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Total Release or Transfer
Percentage
7158
8178
NA
16769
NA
0
32105
5.06
NA
3153
NA
250
3409
0.54
19825
0
NA
8520
NA
15500
43845
6.91
0
0
NA
65176
NA
0
65176
10.27
NA - Data Not Available
Source: Reference 18
?0Wf;>1fratts%s
(Ponnal)
4035
57
NA
25760
NA
0
29852
4.70
223695
118550
NA
118190
NA
0
460435
72.53
-------
X
Table C-10
1988 TKI Releases and Transfers of Chlorinated Phenolics and Pesticides
57-74-9 -
Chlordane
575
4262
0
23
80809
76-44-8
I leptachlor
49055
2
0
0
37
51935
1024-57-3
I leptachlor hpuxide
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
87-86-5
Penlachlorophenol
14029
2465
20000
3717
4728
545673
95-95-4
88-06-2
2,4,5-1 richlorophenol
91
0
0
2,4,6-1 riehlorophenol
250
50
12000
lolal Release or Transfer
64000
2521
36262
Percentage
8.10
0.32
4.59
0
0
3717
0.47
0
0
4788
0.61
20
10
678447
85.91
NA - Data Not Available
Source: Reference 18
-------
i-- /.
3 f
•3 !_'
Table C-ll
1989 TRI Releases and Transfers of Chlorinated Phenolics and Pesticides
CAS
Number Chemical
57-74-9
Chlordane
3753
0
37
3099
76-44-8
I leplachlor
3411
0
0
51
73292
1024-57-3
I leplachlor Hpoxidc
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
n
i—i
K)
87-86-5
Penlachlorophenol
11123
2559
0
6906
8013
87417
95-95-4
2,4,5:Tricliilorophenol
250
0
0
0
0
250
88-06-2
2,4/6-TrichlOrophent)l
116
3515
0
250
0
0
Total Release or Transfer
18653
6080
0
7156
8101
164058
Percentage
9.14
2.98
0.00
3.51
3.97
80.40
NA - Data Not Available
Source: Reference 18
-------
i
i.
Table C-12
1990 TKI Releases and Transfers of Chlorinated Phenolics and Pesticides
57-74-9
76-44-8
1024-57-3
87-86-5
95-95-4
88-06-2
Chlordano
1 lepliiehlor
I Icplaohlor Hpoxido
Ponlachlorophenol
2,4,5-Trkhlorophenol
2,4,6-1 richkirophciu)!
Todil Release or Transfer
Percentage
4422
3797
NA
23206
NA
78
31503
15.63
NA
2577
NA
79
2658
1.32
0
0
NA
0
NA
0
0
0.00
0
0
NA
194T
NA
0
1941
0.96
99
58
NA
4349
NA
0
4506
2.24
523
85306
NA
75159
NA
0
160988
79.86
NA - Data Not Available
Source: Reference 18
------- |