Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste
and Emergency Response
(5306W)
EPA530-R-96-016
September 1996
Second-Year
Progress Report
WASTE
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Waste Wi$e Welcomes New Partners Joining in 1995
AB&I
AlliedSignal, Inc.
Allied Waste Industries
Allstate Environmental
Appleton Papers Inc.
Applied Specialties, Inc.
ASARCO, Inc.- Copper Operations
Atlanta Medical Associates
Barn Again Furniture Company
Binney & Smith
Buckley's Quality Print Center
Cape Canaveral Marine Services Inc.
Charlottesville Wellness Center
Family Practice
City Scrap and Salvage Company
Commonwealth Savings Bank
Communications Test Design, Inc.
Cooperative Power Association
Cosmair Inc.
The Curtis Center
Cytec Industries - Fortier Complex
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical
Center
Delta Air Lines, Inc.
The Dial Corp.
Dolco Packaging Corp.
Dow Chemical Company
DuPage Clean and Beautiful
Eastern Research Group
ECOCRATE
Fox and Goose Public House
Franks Steaks
Gambino Inn
Hallmark Cards
Harmon Electronics, Inc.
Harry S. Truman Coordinating
Council
Harwick Chemical Corp.
High Life Sales Company
Hoechst Celanese Corp.
H.P. Direct
Hyde Manufacturing Company Inc.
Jackson-Cross Company Realtors
Janus Funds
J.M. Huxmann Gardening
Knight's Limited
Koetter and Smith, Inc.
Kosmos Recycling, Inc.
Kraft Foods/Power Logistics
Lawn & Leaf Service/The Organic
Garden
L.R. Nelson Corp.
Majestic Metals, Inc.
Maiden Mills Industries, Inc.
Marine Midland Banks, Inc.
Maverick Tube Corp.
Mid-America Regional Council
(MARC)
National Waste Services
Nauticus - The National Maritime
Center
Optical Coating Laboratories
Paradyne Corp.
Pennsylvania Power & Light
Company
PEPCO
Perka Building Frames (USA) Inc.
Phillips Petroleum Company
Physicians Health Plan
Preston, Gates, and Ellis
Randolph County Progress
Committee, Inc.
Recycle Technologies
Refuse Management Systems Inc.
Reynolds Metals Company
Rivertown Trading Company
Scheldes Restaurant
Schreiner's Restaurant, Inc.
The Scotts Company
Siegel Display Products
Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Southwestern Bell Mobile Systems
Stull Closure Technologies
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Toshiba America Information
Systems
Total Petroleum - Denver Refinery
Trans World Airlines, Inc.
Triplex Direct Marketing Corp.
Truck-Lite Company, Inc.- Falconer
Facility
Truck-Lite Company, Inc. - Wellsboro
Facility
Union State Bank
University of Notre Dame
Vermont Small Business
Development
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Contents
Introduction 2
Waste Prevention 4
Recyclables Collection 12
Purchase or Manufacture of
Recycled Products 16
WasteWi$e 1995 Program Services 20
Looking Ahead 22
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Introduction
n 1995, WasteWi$e partners demonstrated, for the second year, that vol-
untary efforts to conserve resources and protect the environment can
result in substantial and profitable environmental achievements. By any
measure, the second year of the WasteWi$e program was a notable suc-
^H cess. Close to 100 new partners joined the program and 40 endorser
^B organizations promoted the benefits of WasteWi$e and solid waste reduc-
tion to their business members. Now, more than 500 organizations participate in
the WasteWi$e program. Most importantly, WasteWi$e partners nearly quadrupled
reported waste reduction over 1994 amounts, eliminating 344,000 tons of material
through waste prevention, and recycling an additional 4.2 million tons of material.
This represents a substantial diversion of material from landfills. More significant-
ly, solid waste reduction reduces energy consumption and the emission of green-
house gases that can contribute to global climate change. These larger scale
environmental benefits are achieved by eliminating the need for some mining, man-
ufacturing, and transportation activities associated with the manufacture of virgin
products or goods no longer needed by a business.
American businesses clearly find it worth the effort to reduce solid waste. In 1995
WasteWi$e partners saved at least $59 million in purchasing costs just through
efforts to reduce transport packaging. Reduction of transport packaging is a key cost-
cutting opportunity for many companies. Other important cost-cutting strategies
reported by WasteWi$e partners are reducing the use of office and business papers and
reducing excess material in manufacturing processes. This report highlights the 1995
achievements of WasteWi$e partners, with a section devoted to each of the three ele-
ments of the WasteWi$e program—waste prevention, collection of recyclables, and
2
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buying or manufacturing recycled products. The report includes many examples to
illustrate the wide range of strategies available to reduce waste and cut costs.
These impressive results add to a growing list of environmental improvements
achieved by organizations working with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) through an array of partnership programs. These programs address specific envi-
ronmental problems through collaboration and innovative voluntary efforts rather
than through additional regulations, and include the Common Sense Initiative,
Project XL, and a family of sign-up programs known as the Partners for the
Environment Programs. Partners for the Environment programs include WasteWi$e,
Climate Wise, Water Alliances for Voluntary Efficiency (WAVE), and the Green Lights
and Energy Star programs, among others.
None of these collaborative ventures would be successful if not for the initiative,
commitment, and follow-through of the organizations that join with EPA as partners.
While EPA can provide the framework for voluntary programs and some implementa-
tion assistance, the real work and results of the programs are achieved by changing
day-to-day operations in thousands of facilities nationwide. An additional commit-
ment EPA's partners take on is to measure and report their progress in implementing
environmental initiatives, no small task in a time of highly streamlined business
operations. EPA congratulates each WasteWi$e partner that reported results for 1995:
you are contributing to the success of voluntary approaches to environmental
improvement. We invite organizations that have not fully realized the benefits of
solid waste reduction to learn from the successes of environmental leaders by join-
ing the WasteWi$e program. Doing so will benefit your company's bottom line and
the environment.
"We participate in
many voluntary
programs and feel
that WasteWi$e is
one of the most
beneficial from both
an economic and
environmental
standpoint."
Richard Larsen
Senior Scientist,
Environmental Programs
Northeast Utilities Service
Company
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Waste Prevention
Nineteen ninety-five marked the second year of the WasteWi$e program
and an outstanding new record in our partners' reported waste
reduction efforts. Partners conserved nearly 344,000 tons of materials
through waste prevention activities—a 40 percent increase over 1994
waste prevention figures. Not only have WasteWi$e partners achieved
impressive volume reductions, they have also reaped significant cost savings. These
cost savings vary based on several factors, such as company size and the activity
implemented. In avoided disposal fees alone, the reported waste reduction represents
a potential savings of more than $143 million.1
Reduced purchasing costs also add up to big savings. For example, Eastman
Kodak Company saved $1 million in purchasing costs by promoting an internal
company materials exchange to recover valuable plumbing equipment such as
valves and pipes. WasteWi$e estimates that partners achieved a potential savings of
approximately $59 million2 in avoided purchasing costs by reducing transport pack-
aging in 1995, and saved an additional $12.9 million3 through office paper conserva-
tion efforts.
Waste prevention, also known as source reduction, means using less material to
get a job done. Waste prevention methods help create less waste in the first place—
before recycling. If companies take a good look at their recycling collection data,
they are likely to see ways to prevent waste first through waste prevention, thereby
reducing purchasing costs and the amount of material that must be managed for
recycling.
Herman Miller Cuts Waste Before Recycling
Herman Miller, a major manufacturer of office furniture, examined its
recycling figures and decided it could reduce those materials through
prevention efforts. By implementing electronic mail, voice mail, and duplex
copying, the company decreased its high-grade office paper recycling rate by
seven percent from 1994 to 1995. Herman Miller has set a goal of decreasing
recycling through waste prevention activities by 10 percent each year over
the next three years.
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WasteWi$e Partners Reap Big Savings
These examples demonstrate the impressive cost-savings potential associated with waste prevention
activities. On a per ton basis, waste prevention offers greater benefits than recycling or disposing of the
same material, both for a company's bottom line and the environment.
Pepsi-Cola Company saved $44 million by
switching from corrugated to reusable plastic
shipping containers for one-liter and 20-ounce
bottles, conserving 196 million pounds of cor-
rugated material.
Baxter International, a manufacturer of health-
care supplies and equipment, saved $5.1 mil-
lion in 1995 through packaging reductions,
conserving 3.9 million pounds of material.
Over a five-year period, Baxter reduced packag-
ing by 21 percent (using 1990 as a baseline).
Eastman Kodak Company earned $2.9 million
in revenue from the sale of materials and assets
for reuse that would otherwise be discarded.
Allergan, a pharmaceuticals manufacturer,
saved $2.5 million through packaging reduction
actions, such as eliminating inner packaging
from shipping containers, reducing packaging
rejects through improvements in the produc-
tion process, and reducing the weight (light-
weighting) of plastic product bottles.
The Walt Disney Company established a com-
puterized tracking system for studio sets that
facilitates revamping and reusing them. This
effort conserved 528,000 pounds of wood and
approximately $528,000. Previously, old sets
were used to tape one show, then recycled or
discarded.
To obtain the 1995 data, EPA requested all partners that joined WasteWi$e prior
to August 1, 1995, to report on their progress for the year. A total of 208 partners
submitted annual reports. Since not all reporting partners were able to measure
their results for all activities, the number of companies reporting actual measure-
ments for each activity described below is slightly smaller than the total reporting
in most cases. Of the companies that reported 1995 results, 183 submitted informa-
tion on waste prevention activities.
Key Waste Prevention Strategies
This section reviews the five key strategies used by WasteWi$e partners in 1995
to eliminate significant amounts of waste. More than one-third of the total materi-
als eliminated were from reductions in primary, secondary, or transport packaging.
Efforts included lightweighting, switching from one packaging option to another,
repairing or reusing packaging, and redesigning or eliminating packaging. Other
important waste prevention activities were reducing or reusing materials associated
with manufacturing, reducing or reusing paper and other office supplies, and donat-
ing or exchanging materials and equipment. The key waste prevention strategies
used to achieve these reductions are illustrated in Figure 1 and the examples below.
Figure 2 depicts the materials reduced through these waste prevention efforts.
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Reduce or reuse transport and secondary packaging
Transport packaging reductions are a major cost-savings opportunity for any
company that ships or receives large volumes of goods. Reductions in secondary
packaging, which is typically delivered with the product to the consumer and often
serves as protective layers or product dividers, can also result in cost savings. In 1995,
77 WasteWi$e partners reduced or reused transport and secondary packaging, such as
corrugated containers and wood pallets. Together, these companies conserved nearly
162,000 tons (324,000,000 pounds) of materials used for transporting goods.
General Mills implemented waste
prevention projects that conserved 42
million pounds of packaging materi-
als. Selected projects included short-
ening flaps on corrugated shipping
containers, redesigning shipping con-
tainers for cereal boxes, revising
material specifications on mass mer-
chandising units, and initiating a
reusable tote system. Over a five-year
period, General Mills reduced packag-
ing by 21 percent.
HASBRO reduced the thickness of
corrugated shipping containers by 15
percent, which conserved more than
763,000 pounds of corrugated and
saved $400,000.
Figure 1 All figures in tons
Key Waste Prevention Strategies in 1995
(77 companies)
162,000
Reduce or
Reuse
Transport and
Secondary
Packaging
Reduce or
Reuse
Materials
Associated
with
Products or
Manufacturing
(119 companies)
11 000 (38 companies)
Reduce or Reduce or Reuse Donate or
Reuse Office Supplies Exchange
Primary Materials
Packaging
Land O'Lakes eliminated corrugated
pads and reduced the height of ship-
ping containers for two product lines,
resulting in the reduction of more
than 356,000 pounds of corrugated
material.
The Clorox Company eliminated
more than three million pounds of
material by redesigning the corrugat-
ed cases used to transport products.
American Standard's Trane Company
facility in Trenton, New Jersey, an
equipment manufacturer, conserved
400,000 pounds of corrugated by
switching to returnable plastic con-
tainers for shipping electrical motors.
The facility also reduced 120,000
pounds of wood by using more
durable, reusable wood pallets for
shipping air conditioning coils.
Abbott Laboratories, a manufacturer
of health-care products, redesigned
secondary packaging to reduce wall
thickness and change the configura-
tion to increase efficiency, such as
increasing the number of units per
case, thereby decreasing corrugated
board and paperboard by 300,000
pounds.
Herman Miller, an office furniture
manufacturer, reduced 44,900 pounds
of plastic secondary packaging mate-
rials by eliminating or reducing filler
materials and strapping.
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Working With Suppliers Can Benefit Everyone's Bottom Line
Schlegel Corp., a medium-sized manufacturer of urethane, textile, and plastic products in Rochester,
New York, successfully worked with a raw materials supplier to switch from corrugated and wooden ship-
ping containers to more durable plastic containers. The many benefits of this switch include:
Elimination of approximately 30,000 pounds-
per-year of corrugated and wood packaging, a
significant waste stream for Schlegel.
Conservation of valuable warehouse storage
space, a result of the plastic containers
folding flat.
Reduction in the price of raw materials from
the supplier.
Reduction of labor costs related to
handling and storing the containers.
"Similar benefits and cost savings were realized by the raw material supplier as well. This was
clearly a 'win-win' situation for Schlegel Rochester, the supplier, and the environment."
Tracy Pope, Environmental & Safety Officer, Schlegel Corp.
Reduce or reuse materials associated with products
or manufacturing
Among the ranks of successful WasteWi$e partners are many manufacturers and
service companies, 41 of which reported reducing or reusing the materials and sup-
plies associated with producing their products. These efforts, which conserved
81,000 tons (162,000,000 pounds) of material, included improving production
processes and equipment, using less material to produce a product, and finding new
ways to reuse supplies, equipment, and raw materials.
Bell Atlantic eliminated 5.8 million
pounds of paper by changing the
specification for the printing of its
telephone directories to reduce the
amount of paper required. For exam-
ple, the company reduced the basis
weights for many incidental pages,
such as coupons, indexes, and show-
case pages. The actual dimensions
of the directories were also reduced,
some listing rules were streamlined,
and Customer Guides were short-
ened.
Reynolds Metals' Kansas City facili-
ty saved nearly $900,000 and con-
served more than one million
pounds of aluminum by reducing
the thickness of aluminum used to
manufacture cans and improving its
production process to reduce waste.
Figure 2 All figures in tons
Materials Conserved Through Waste Prevention in 1995
Corrugated1
All Other Materials
Ferrous & Other Metals'
Food & Other Organics
Non-Ferrous Metals
High-Grade & Mixed Paper
1 Largely through reductions in transport packaging.
2l_argely through manufacturing process improvements, packaging reductions, and reusing parts.
Primarily from package lightweighting.
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"Measuring our
1995 Waste Wi$e
results has height-
ened our awareness
of the value and
environmental worth
of our waste
reduction endeavors.
We are ready to
redouble our efforts
in 1996. Thank you
for showing us the
way."
Gerald Porter, Jr.
Facilities Manager
First National Bank & Trust
Company of the Treasure
Coast
• NEPTCO Inc., a manufacturer of
wire and cable products, implement-
ed quality improvement strategies in
1995 which included employee
incentives to decrease scrap and non-
conforming product levels. These
efforts saved the company $12,500 in
disposal costs and 281,000 pounds of
materials.
• Avondale Mills, a textiles manufac-
turer, purchased and installed a
reclamation system for process fibers.
Leftover fibers from reprocessing are
given to a feedmill to make cattle
feed. In 1995, the company diverted
600,000 pounds of cotton fiber from
disposal and saved $9,000 in disposal
costs.
Reduce or reuse primary packaging
Targeting primary packaging for reduction and reuse opportunities is a key strat-
egy for manufacturers. Twenty-four WasteWi$e partners reported reductions in pri-
mary product packaging in 1995, conserving 57,300 tons (114,600,000 pounds) of
materials.
Courier Times, a medium-sized
printing and publishing firm, saved
$11,000 and reduced more than
37,000 pounds of print waste through
the increased awareness and efficien-
cy of the printing press operators.
The Earthgrains Company (formerly
Campbell Taggart), a grains-based
food manufacturer, supplied 53 mil-
lion pounds of food scraps from its
manufacturing process to farmers for
reuse as animal feed.
Motorola collected cleanroom booties
and gloves at one facility for repro-
cessing and reuse, conserving 140,000
pounds of mixed plastic clothing.
The Coca-Cola Company reduced
aluminum consumption by 13.2 mil-
lion pounds by slightly decreasing
the size of its beverage can lids.
Target Stores eliminated three mil-
lion pounds of plastic bags formerly
used to package clothing; this initia-
tive enabled Target to reach its goal
of reducing "softlines" packaging by
95 percent.
Maytag's Newton Laundry Products
conserved 2.4 million pounds of cor-
rugated by reducing the amount of
packaging for finished products.
Hewlett Packard redesigned the pack-
aging for its ink-jet printer cartridges
to use less material, resulting in a
reduction of 2.8 million pounds of
various packaging materials.
Avondale Mills, a textile manufactur-
er, began taking back yarn cones
from customers and reusing them,
conserving 70,000 pounds of
polypropylene and saving $50,000.
Procter & Gamble implemented sev-
eral activities that conserved more
than four million pounds of primary
packaging materials. The company
lightweighted a polyethylene tereph-
thalate (PET) bottle design, reduced
high density polyethylene (HDPE)
and PET packaging by delivering con-
centrated products, and eliminated
some boxboard packaging for skin
care products.
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Innovations in Office Waste Prevention
Bank of America's Creative Strategies to Reduce Office Paper
Bank of America reduced consumption of office paper by nearly 8.5 million
pounds in 1995. The company continues to implement a wide range of innovative
efforts to reduce paper use, such as:
• New software-based "laser letterhead." The software uses standard pre-printed,
two-color corporate signature letterhead that is not customized with name, title,
or address. Users enter personalized information onto a PC-based template that
prints with the text of the letter. This program allows users to update personal-
ized information as necessary and print the exact quantity required. Benefits
include a 56 percent cost savings over pre-printed letterhead, and zero waste
when employees change their address, title, or other information.
• A pilot test of six printers capable of duplex printing, which reduce paper con-
sumption up to 30 percent over conventional printers. A larger roll-out of duplex
printers will take place in 1996.
Alyeska Achieves Savings From Binder Reuse
Alyeska Pipeline Service Company uncovered an innovative way to recapture and
reuse vinyl three-ring binders. Previously, most binders were damaged and rendered
unusable by smeared toner on the outer plastic sleeve and on the inside front cover.
Alyeska devised a solution to this problem that substantially increases the useful life
of the binders.
Now, when the Print Shop assembles a document, a clear plastic sheet is inserted
in front of the title page and spine label, thus protecting the outer plastic sleeve. A
second clear plastic sheet is also inserted immediately inside the front cover to pro-
tect that area.
Employee participation is a key element in the success of this program. New
binders cost more than $4.45 each. With a 50 percent rate of recapture and a contin-
ued demand of 42,000 binders per year, Alyeska projects cost savings to reach
$40,000 per year. All future company manuals and other documents will contain the
plastic inserts and be reused in later productions. Each document will include an
information sheet to remind employees and contractors about the importance of
waste reduction and how the binder reuse program works.
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Reduce or reuse office supplies
"We appreciate
EPA's Waste Wi$e
program, which
provides us with
opportunities to
share our successes
and learn from other
WasteWi$e
partners."
Jack Shih
Manager of
Environmental Affairs
Navistar International
Transportation Corp.
Any company with office operations should be able to identify cost-saving oppor-
tunities through the reduction and reuse of supplies, especially through reductions
in office paper use. In 1995, 119 WasteWi$e partners reported on projects to reduce
or reuse office supplies and equipment, resulting in the conservation of more than
10,700 tons (21,400,000 pounds) of materials. Nearly all of the office supplies
reduced were high-grade or other types of paper, including printer and copier paper,
stationery, and envelopes. The amount of measured waste prevention would likely
have been higher if not for the challenges many companies face in measuring reduc-
tions in paper use. As the examples below illustrate, WasteWi$e partners have
found many ways to reduce office paper and other supplies.
CITGO Petroleum conserved 753,000
pounds of paper by utilizing electron-
ic viewing techniques, such as man-
agers viewing reports on line, thereby
reducing the number of pages printed.
Aetna Inc. saved $144,000 from an
inter-office supply and equipment
recapture program and reused more
than 128,000 pounds of supplies and
equipment such as calculators and
fax machines.
Union Carbide, a chemical manufac-
turer, sends used toner cartridges to a
remanufacturer; in 1995 this activity
saved $75,000 through the reuse of
about 700 cartridges.
Radio Flyer, a manufacturer of red
wagons and other toys, eliminated
150,000 pounds of glossy labels by
printing product information directly
on the corrugated cartons. The
labels, previously used as a market-
ing tool, were no longer needed since
merchants began displaying assem-
bled products rather than cartons.
This action saved the company
$37,500 over two years.
CSX Transportation implemented
duplex copying and the use of elec-
tronic mail at 334 locations, result-
ing in the reduction of 596,000
pounds of office paper. The company
also saved 1,000 pounds of paper by
eliminating the use of paper training
manuals. Instead, CSX conducted
multi-media training via computer,
featuring written text, video clips,
and other interactive elements.
BellSouth Telecommunications
began printing double-sided customer
bills in 1995. This activity reduced
more than 1.3 million pounds of
paper and saved $535,000 in paper
purchasing costs. In addition,
BellSouth used electronic data inter-
change (EDI) to increase electronic
billing by six percent, reducing paper
consumption by 7,500 pounds and
saving $54,000.
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Employee Education Pays Off at Janus Funds
Janus Funds, a medium-sized Colorado financial and mutual funds firm, saved
$31,200 and conserved more than 40,000 pounds of paper in 1995. Employee par-
ticipation played a key role in these savings. The company formed a six-person
Paper Reduction Committee to educate employees on paper conservation and to
monitor progress throughout the various departments.
Committee members met with employees from each department and educated
them on various methods for reducing paper consumption. Each department was
asked to sign a form committing to three specific paper reduction goals. Example
goals included reducing the distribution of lengthy memos, using e-mail, and
duplex copying. Committee members informed the departments that they would
follow up at a later date to determine the progress on the goals.
The Paper Reduction Committee developed a measurement form for each
department to use for assessing its goals and reporting the results.
Donate/Exchange materials
By donating and exchanging materials, 38 WasteWi$e partners diverted more
than 2,100 tons (4,200,000 pounds) of material from disposal in addition to assisting
schools and other nonprofit groups.
Texaco donated 120,000 pounds of
building materials, such as lights and
ceiling tiles from remodeling pro-
jects, for reuse by nonprofit groups.
The company also donated 4,000
pounds of computer equipment and
furniture to nonprofits.
The Gillette Company donated
12,500 pounds of materials, such as
polystyrene and corrugated packaging
and promotional items, to the Boston
Schools Recycle Center. Teachers use
materials for experimental and inno-
vative classes. The company also
donated more than 1,300 pieces of
office furniture and equipment, such
as desks, computers, and printers, to
local charitable and educational
organizations.
Rivertown Trading Company donat-
ed more than 11,000 pounds of pack-
aging peanuts, gift wrapping
materials, stationery, and computer
equipment to local organizations.
Apple Computer, Inc. distributed
10,000 pounds of used office supplies
and small equipment to local school
districts in Santa Clara Valley,
California.
NEC Electronics, Inc. donated more
than 29,000 pounds of various items
to nonprofit and other organizations.
For example, the company donated
polystyrene peanuts and bubblewrap
to a local store that mails packages.
ENDNOTES
1 This figure is based on an average 1995 U.S.
tipping fee of $32.19 per ton, a value reported
by Solid Waste Digest, 1995.
2 This figure is based on an extrapolation of
cost savings data provided by WasteWi$e
partners in 1995.
This figure is based on a 1995 national aver-
age cost of $1,095 per ton of high-grade office
paper, as derived from low-end costs reported
by Pulp & Paper, 1995.
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Recyclables Collection
Although 1995 was a volatile year for many recyclables markets,
WasteWi$e partners maintained or expanded their collection activities.
In 1995, 192 WasteWi$e partners recycled nearly 4.2 million tons of
material—a 400 percent increase from the 956,000 tons reported in
1994. Figure 3 illustrates the materials collected in largest amounts by
WasteWi$e partners. Because WasteWi$e recycling goals are often integrated into
overall company recycling efforts, the amount of materials collected specifically as a
result of WasteWi$e activities can be difficult to separate from overall recycling fig-
ures. Many companies did not attempt to differentiate recyclables collected as part
of WasteWi$e goals from total recyclables collected in 1995. One hundred five com-
panies did report specifically on WasteWi$e goal amounts, resulting in a total of
885,000 tons collected.
Figure 3 All figures in tons
Materials Recycled by WasteWi$e Partners in 19951
2,182,000
17^00 ! 42,000 129,000 100,000
74,000
2,000
Ferrous Wood Corrugated All White/
Metals Other Mixed
Metals Paper
Non- All
Ferrous Plastics
Metals
Glass Organic
12
1 WasteWi$e and Non-WasteWi$e Activities
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Successful Recycling Strategies
In 1995, WasteWi$e partners found new ways to expand and improve their
recycling programs. Partners expanded their efforts by adding new materials for
recycling, educating employees and the community, finding new ways to increase
collection of materials already recycled, and increasing the recyclability of materi-
als. Some successes in each of these areas are featured below.
Adding new materials
Identifying new materials to collect for recycling is an ongoing process, and a
key component of a successful recycling program. The two companies below bene-
fitted from their search for new recycling opportunities.
First National Bank & Trust
Company of the Treasure Coast col-
lected 150,000 pounds of computer
and printer paper. Prior to implemen-
tation, approximately 65 percent of
this paper was shredded by bank staff
and landfilled. By switching to recy-
cling, the company saved $14,000 in
avoided disposal costs.
Haworth, one of the largest office
furniture manufacturers in the
United States, conducts monthly
audits to identify new waste reduc-
tion opportunities. An audit in 1995
revealed that powder coat paint could
be recycled. The company recycled
96,500 pounds as a result.
Employee education
Employee education can often be the key to successful company waste preven-
tion and recycling programs. In 1995, the following three companies took a creative
approach to keeping employees involved.
Office Plan, a furniture manufactur-
er, hosted a half-day recycling and
waste prevention seminar for all
members of the company. Employees
were given a "lab test" of 60 objects
and materials used in the office and
warehouse to survey their knowledge
of what can and cannot be recycled.
The quiz was later graded and dis-
cussed, and a prize was awarded to
the employee with the highest score.
Stonyfield Farm Yogurt launched an
employee awareness campaign. The
program included a monthly recy-
cling report in the company's inter-
nal newsletter, presentations and
question and answer sessions with
every department, educational
posters about what is recyclable and
why it should be recycled, and small
employee incentives, such as
coupons and mugs.
Bank of America established a recy-
cling hotline called Wasteline for
employees, which received more
than 400 calls on such topics as extra
pickups, sorting, and supplies for
recycling.
13
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" Waste Wi$e
provides an
excellent program
to help us revitalize
recycling efforts and
make inroads where
recycling hasn 't
caught on."
William Meng
Corporate Procurement
Manager
The Southern Company
Community outreach
Many companies find that building partnerships for recycling within their com-
munities is a rewarding way to benefit both the environment and their neighbors.
Pennsylvania Power and Light
donates its recyclable mixed paper to
a center for people with learning dis-
abilities. The center sorts and sells
the materials and keeps all revenues.
Virco Manufacturing, a school and
office furniture manufacturer, assist-
ed a local school district in initiating
a corrugated recycling program.
Thirteen bins were built and placed
at all district schools. Within nine
months, schools collected more than
85,000 pounds of corrugated which
Virco sold, generating $3,800 in rev-
enue for the school district.
Ford Motor Company cosponsored an
exhibit called "The Stinking Truth
About Garbage." It is on display
through 1998 at the Chicago
Children's Museum and focuses on
educating children on the need to
reduce, reuse, and recycle. Most
recently, Ford sponsored a traveling
6,000 square foot exhibit titled
"EarthQuest." This exhibit is touring
museums through 2000 and also
focuses on educating children on the
need to reduce, reuse, and recycle.
Expanding collection of materials and improving recyclability
Many WasteWi$e partners have aggressively sought to increase the amount of
materials collected for recycling or to design their products to increase recyclability.
Both activities can help an already-successful recycling program conserve even more
material.
University of Notre Dame increased
collection of corrugated to more than
460,000 pounds in 1995 by banning
the disposal of corrugated boxes and
requiring students to recycle boxes
used during move-in to residence
halls.
Texaco expanded its collection pro-
grams for corrugated, mixed plastics,
glass, and wood to several new facili-
ties in 1995. This expansion enabled
the company to collect more than
one million pounds of recyclables.
AMD, an integrated circuits manu-
facturer, increased the recycled con-
tent and recyclability of its product
packaging materials. Its product ship-
ping boxes have been replaced with
boxes that contain a minimum of 65
percent postconsumer content and
are more easily recycled in AMD's
local markets. AMD also facilitated
the recycling of its plastic device
tubes by replacing nylon pins with
pins made of the same plastic resin.
General Motors Corp. developed a
Recycling Design Guide to aid the
General Motors community in
designing vehicles whose parts can
be easily removed and recycled.
14
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Snapshot of Recycling Collection Programs
New Materials Collected in 1995
Sixty-five companies added new materials and products to their recycling collection
programs in 1995. The most common new additions were:
Corrugated boxes
Magazines
Newspaper
Aluminum cans
High-grade copier paper
Glass bottles
Impressive Volumes Collected
• General Motors recycled 3.6 billion
pounds of paper, plastic, metals, and
wood.
• Navistar International Transportation
Corp. recycled more than 86 million
pounds of ferrous materials.
• Motorola recycled more than 30 mil-
lion pounds of materials across 33
facilities.
Public Service Electric & Gas Co. recy-
cled more than 18 million pounds of
concrete and asphalt.
CSX Transportation recycled 759 mil-
lion pounds of materials in 1995.
Compaq Computer Corporation recy-
cled more than 22 million pounds of
various materials.
Recycling Collection Generates Revenue
• Seagate Technology earned revenue of
$ 1.3 million from the sale of materials
including metals, plastics, and paper.
• Baxter earned revenue of $5 million
from the sale of recovered materials
including corrugated, plastics, and
aluminum.
Xerox saved $7.8 million in disposal
costs through its recycling efforts.
American Standard's savings and rev-
enue totaled $744,000.
15
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Purchase or Manufacture of Recycled Products
In 1995, 160 WasteWi$e partners reported on their efforts to increase purchases of
recycled-content products. This section summarizes major activities implemented
by WasteWi$e partners, including purchasing new products that contain recycled
content, increasing the percentage of recycled content or the number of recycled-
content products already purchased, educating employees on buying recycled, test-
ing the performance of new recycled products, tracking buy-recycled purchases, and using
recovered materials to manufacture new products. In all, WasteWi$e partners purchased
more than two million tons of recycled-content products in 1995. Figure 4 summarizes
activities reported by WasteWi$e partners in 1995.
Purchase New Products Made With Recycled Content
In 1995, 80 WasteWi$e companies reported purchasing products made with recycled
content that they had not previously purchased. As with any new purchase, evaluating the
performance of recycled-content products can be an important first step before purchasing.
Fifty-four WasteWi$e partners reported that they evaluated or tested recycled-content prod-
ucts ranging from standard office products to transparencies to polypropylene fabric storage
bags. Some of the recycled-content products newly purchased by WasteWi$e companies in
1995 are described below.
The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea
Company purchased more than 500 tons
of cash register tape with 50 percent
postconsumer content for all its super-
markets.
Allergan purchased more than one mil-
lion pounds of 15 percent postconsumer
paper for product inserts.
McDonald's acquired more than eight
million pounds of 18 percent postcon-
sumer paperboard hamburger boxes.
Commonwealth Edison initiated the use
of 100 percent recycled-content paper for
all intra-company memos and copies.
Sligo Adventist School purchased 100
percent recycled-content playground
equipment, which it found to be "far
superior" to competitive products made
from virgin materials.
16
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Figure 4
Buy/Manufacture-Recycled Activities by WasteWi$e Partners in 1995
2 > 60
U 2 40
13
Buy New Increase Quantity Buy Recycled Evaluate/Test Increase Measure/ Manufacture
Recycled- of Recycled Policy/ Recycled Recycled-Content Develop Recycled
Content Product Products Education Products Percentage Tracking System Product
Through their purchasing, some companies take "closing the loop" a step further
by taking direct responsibility for the recyclable materials they collect. These com-
panies arrange to purchase products that are actually made with their own collected
recyclables.
NYNEX Corporation tested the use
of 100 percent recycled-content
return payment envelopes that
contain 50 percent old telephone
directories. Full implementation of
the product commenced in February
1996.
The Walt Disney Company tested
theme park trash can liners that con-
tain 30 percent postconsumer con-
tent, including a percentage of the
company's old liners.
State Farm Mutual Automobile
Insurance Company is purchasing
letterhead made from the company's
recycled office paper after successful-
ly testing the product.
Increase the Amount of Recycled Content in Products Purchased
Forty-five WasteWi$e companies increased the amount of recycled content in
products they were already buying.
Virco Manufacturing raised the
recycled content of corrugated car-
tons purchased to 60 percent. The
company acquired 4.5 million
pounds of the containers in 1995.
Chrysler Corporation maximized
recycled content by purchasing
more than 1.2 million pounds of
100 percent recycled-content com-
puter paper.
Maytag's Newton Laundry Products
increased recycled content in 2.7
million pounds of corrugated car-
tons from 40 percent to 100 percent
recycled content.
Recycled Products Most Frequently Purchased by WasteWi$e Partners
Copier paper
Computer and printer paper
Stationery (letterhead, business cards,
envelopes)
Folders and binders
Toner cartridges
Paper towels
Toilet paper
Corrugated containers and boxes
Packaging material and filler
17
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Increase the Quantity of Products Purchased With Recycled Content
In 1995, 60 WasteWi$e partners reported on activities to increase the amount of
recycled products they were already purchasing.
Navistar International
Transportation Corp. increased the
purchase of 100 percent recycled-con-
tent corrugated containers to 1.3 mil-
lion pounds.
Dow Corning Corporation expanded
its buy-recycled program by 50 per-
cent in 1995, spending more than $7
million on a variety of products with
recycled content.
The Coca-Cola Company spent more
than $2 billion on recycled-content
purchases in 1995.
Target Stores increased its purchase
of plastic bags with 25 percent recy-
cled content to nearly seven million
pounds.
Strengthen Institutional Support for Buying Recycled
Establishing a policy for purchasing recycled products can help to ensure that
buying recycled is institutionalized in a company. Similarly, educating purchasing
officials, other employees, and suppliers about buy-recycled opportunities can build
institutional support for buy-recycled practices. Thirty WasteWi$e partners reported
developing buy-recycled policies or guidelines in 1995; another 26 companies took
action to educate employees or others on buying recycled.
Motorola developed a policy requiring
recycled content in all inbound pack-
aging and a minimum of 35 percent
recycled content in outbound
packaging.
The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical
Company initiated a policy requiring
all advertising, promotional litera-
ture, letterhead, business cards, and
envelopes to be printed on recycled
paper.
Western Resources has a buy-recycled
policy that allows its purchasing
department to give a price preference
on the first $100,000 worth of recy-
cled products it buys.
Compaq Computer Corporation spec-
ifies that corrugated shipping boxes
for its products must contain a mini-
mum of 35 percent postconsumer
content.
Holston Defense Corporation encour-
ages employees to use recycled-con-
tent supplies and used its monthly
newsletter to list products available
for purchase.
Establish a System to Track and Measure Recycled-Content Purchases
Seventeen WasteWi$e companies initiated systems to track or measure recycled-
content purchases. For example, Northeast Utilities Service Company worked with
its office supply distributor to develop a software program to track recycled prod-
ucts purchased and dollars spent. This service is now available to all the distribu-
tor's customers. Other companies that developed computer tracking systems
include Abbott Laboratories, Dow Corning Corporation, and CITGO Petroleum.
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Manufacturing Products With Recovered Materials
With consumer demand for recycled products growing, manufacturers are work-
ing to increase the supply of these products. In 1995, 13 WasteWi$e partners
increased the amount of postconsumer material in the products they manufacture.
Ford Motor Company issued world-
wide automotive recycling guidelines
to its suppliers and engineers. Not
only do these guidelines review
design for disassembly, they also
describe how to include materials
made from recycled content. Some
activities underway include manufac-
turing plastic parts containing 25 per-
cent recycled content in all 25
million parts produced annually at
one plant; manufacturing new tail-
light housings and bumper guide
brackets using material salvaged from
plastic bumpers; manufacturing
polypropylene splash shields made
out of old battery casings; manufac-
turing grille opening reinforcements,
luggage rail racks, and trunk carpet-
ing made from recycled soda bottles;
and manufacturing headlamp housing
made from plastic water cooler
bottles.
Louisiana-Pacific used nearly 15 mil-
lion pounds of postconsumer newspa-
per in its wall and ceiling panel
products and recycled nearly 482 mil-
lion pounds of wood by-products into
marketable soil amendments.
Stone Container used 3.5 billion
pounds of corrugated, mixed paper,
and newspaper to manufacture 34
percent postconsumer content boxes
and bags. More than 45 million
pounds of these materials were
collected from the company's cus-
tomers, particularly small companies
that do not have their own recycling
programs.
Truck-Lite, Wellsboro, Pennsylvania
facility, is evaluating using recycled
plastic to manufacture molded plastic
plugs and connectors used in truck
electrical systems.
Kodak Recycles One Billion Rolls of Film
Hundreds of wholesale photographic process-
ing labs and thousands of minilabs in the United
States voluntarily collect materials from 135 mm
film for recycling, using collection and shipping
receptacles provided by the Eastman Kodak
Company. Promotional materials are created and
provided to these labs and retailers by Kodak,
allowing them to publicize their participation in
this recycling program to their customers. Kodak
accepts 135 mm film materials from all manufac-
turers. The company recycles or reuses these
materials, which include the polystyrene spool
and the steel on either end of the spool, the steel
cartridge itself, and the polyethylene container
and lid.
These recovered materials are used to make
new container bottoms with 25 percent recycled
plastic, as well as notebooks and wire fencing.
Using the recycled plastic from the collected con-
tainers and lids to make new container bottoms
is a good example of closed-loop recycling. Kodak
recycled its billionth roll of 135 mm film during
Earth Month 1996, diverting 29 million pounds
of material from landfills.
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"WasteWiSe
helps us by pro-
viding focus,
peer contacts,
ideas, and sup-
port. We find the
WasteWiSe
Update to be an
outstanding
newsletter and
exceptional
resource."
Fred Kaeser
Environmental
Manager
United Technologies
Corp.
WasteWi$e Program Services
j asteWi$e offers numerous services to its partners. The WasteWi$e
helpline is available to answer general questions about the program
as well as technical questions on specific waste reduction topics. In
addition, each partner has access to an individual WasteWi$e repre-
sentative who can provide assistance in designing and implement-
ing a waste reduction program. WasteWi$e staff have access to an extensive library
as well as the WasteWi$e Resource Guide, a compendium of up-to-date information
about waste reduction resources throughout the country. Other WasteWi$e services
include national recognition for waste reduction successes, technical publications,
and access to a peer network.
^ WasteWi$e kicked off a promotional
campaign with a public service
announcement printed in prominent
business magazines including Fortune.
20
A WasteWi$e distributed several technical publications to its partners
in 1995. These documents include the WasteWi$e Update, tip sheets,
and the First-Year Progress Report.
-------
WasteWi$e Services
National recognition for waste reduction successes
Individual WasteWi$e representatives
Helpline and extensive library of resources
Tip sheets on brief topics
WasteWi$e Update newsletter
Routine bulletins
Peer network
Workshops and conferences
A A WasteWi$e information specialist
provides assistance to a partner via the
WasteWi$e helpline.
Partners Ask, Waste Wi$e Answers
Below are some typical questions WasteWi$e staff have addressed for
partners by providing technical resources and referrals. Partners can call the
helpline at 800 EPA-WISE.
Waste Prevention
• How can I begin a food scraps composting program?
• Can you help me locate a materials exchange in my area?
• How can I reduce paper use in my office?
• What are some ways to reduce transport packaging?
• What are some methods for managing wood pallets?
Recycling
• Where can I recycle mixed plastic in my community?
• What information is available on plastics recycling?
• How can I recycle scrap tires?
• How can I find a hauler for my recyclables?
Buy Recycled
• Where can I find distributors for recycled-content products?
• How can I work with my vendors to purchase products with recycled content?
• What are some typical products made with recycled content?
• How can I measure recycled-content purchases?
21
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22
Looking Ahead
'asteWi$e plans to build on the strong foundation of its first two
years to expand participation in the program, strengthen services for
WasteWi$e partners, and develop more in-depth information on
waste reduction in specific business sectors.
Expanding WasteWi$e Participation
In its first two years, WasteWi$e targeted primarily large businesses for partici-
pation, focusing on their considerable influence in purchasing and materials use,
and their particular needs when developing services and information. As the pro-
gram grows, we will encourage participation by other organizations as well, includ-
ing universities and other institutions, and government agencies.
Strengthening Services for WasteWi$e Partners
WasteWi$e already offers an array of services intended to strengthen and assist
company waste reduction programs, including a WasteWi$e representative dedicat-
ed to each partner, a helpline and extensive library of resources, tip sheets on brief
topics, and the WasteWi$e Update newsletter which features partners' successful
waste reduction efforts. Much of our technical assistance information emphasizes
waste prevention, an area of great cost-saving opportunity for companies and for
which information may not be available through other sources. Future technical
assistance will focus on areas of biggest cost-saving opportunity, such as transport
packaging and office paper reduction. Additional services that WasteWi$e plans to
develop for its partners include an Internet chat group where partners can query
and respond to specific questions, simple and practical methods for estimating cost
savings and waste reductions from selected waste prevention actions, and optional
electronic reporting and goal-setting.
-------
Profiling Sector-Specific Waste Reduction Strategies
Working with a large and diverse set of companies enables WasteWi$e to gather
insights on waste reduction strategies that appear especially beneficial to a particu-
lar business sector, by virtue of potential cost savings or other benefits. While
WasteWi$e routinely shares this type of information with partners, we see an
opportunity to develop more in-depth information on waste reduction practices for
specific business sectors. This information would be intended to spur additional
organizations in these sectors to adopt the high-impact practices. WasteWi$e is
piloting this approach with a study of electric utilities, interviewing utility
WasteWi$e partners to identify their highest impact waste reduction practices and
documenting the practices and their benefits. The report will be available in early
1997. If this approach is successful, WasteWi$e will implement it with other busi-
ness sectors.
In addition to the plans detailed here, the WasteWi$e staff will continually eval-
uate the program, looking for ways to improve its efficiency and value to partners.
We encourage all WasteWi$e partners to give us specific feedback on the program
and its services so we can continue to evolve and improve. For organizations that
are not WasteWi$e participants, we invite you to join in this cost-saving and innov-
ative effort to reduce solid waste.
-------
Registration Form
G My company is ready to become a WasteWi$e partner.
(Please complete sections A and B)
G I would like more information about the program.
(Please complete section A)
How did you hear about the WasteWi$e program?
I—I Periodical/Publication (Name)
I I Workshop/Conference (Sponsor)
I—I Trade Association (Name)
Q Other EPA Program (Name)
I—I PSA/Advertisement (Location)
I I Another Company (Name)
Q Other (Specify)
Section A
Company Name:
Company SIC Code:
Check if a
Principal Contact:
Address:
City:
Phone Number:
subsidiary or
division. Name of parent company (if applicable):
Title: _
State:_
Fax:
. Zip;
Section B
Signature of
Senior Official:
Print Name:
Date:
My company is ready to become a Waste Wise partner!
Please send a membership packet.
Facilities to be included in initial waste reduction efforts:
(e.g., corporate headquarters only, regional facilities, all plants)
Approximate total number of employees in these facilities:
Title:
Please cut and mail to the WasteWi$e program at the address indicated.
Or, fax to WasteWi$e at 703-308-8686
For more information call the WasteWi$e helpline at 1-800-EPA-WISE.
-------
WASTE
WasteWi$e (5306W)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW.
Washington, DC 20460
-------
WASTE
WkE
WasteWiSe Materials Order Form
Please indicate the number of copies of each material that you are request-
ing and fax this form to EPA at (703) 308-8686 or mail to the WasteWiSe
program at WasteWiSe (5306W), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460. Please call the WasteWiSe
Helpline at 1-800-EPA-WISE if you have questions concerning the program.
Organization
Contact
Address
Phone #
Fax*
Materials About WasteWiSe
D WasteWiSe: EPA's Voluntary Program for
Reducing Business Solid Waste (18 pp.)
Describes key aspects of the WasteWiSe program.
D WasteWiSe "First Year Progress Report" (26 pp.)
Highlights the program's eventful first year and
shares the impressive results achieved by
WasteWiSe partners in 1994.
D WasteWi$e "Second Year Progress Report"
(28 pp.)
Highlights the second successful year of the pro-
gram and presents the outstanding achievements
of WasteWiSe partners in 1995.
D Put Your Business on the Waste Cutting Edge:
Join WasteWiSe (2 pp.)
Briefly outlines the WasteWiSe program.
D Endorser Program Fact Sheet (2 pp.)
Describes key aspects of the WasteWiSe Endorser
program, designed for trade associations and other
membership-based organizations who want to pro-
mote WasteWiSe to their members.
Waste Reduction Publications
D Business Guide for Reducing Solid Waste
(41 pp. plus worksheets & appendices)
Offers step-by-step guidance on establishing a
waste reduction program, including conducting a
waste assessment (detailed worksheets included),
establishing a waste reduction team, and develop-
ing goals.
D Waste Prevention Pays Off: Companies Cut
Waste in the Workplace (24 pp.)
Provides a brief overview of waste prevention
goals and strategies that are working for different
types of businesses (includes case studies).
D WasteWiSe Update "A Fresh Look at Packaging"
(12pp.)
Describes successful packaging reduction efforts
undertaken by WasteWiSe partners.
D WasteWiSe Update "Measuring Waste
Reduction" (12 pp.)
Explains techniques and tools partners have used
for measuring the effectiveness of waste preven-
tion.
D WasteWi$e Update "Employee Education"
(12pp.)
Focuses on employee education as a key element
of a successful waste reduction program.
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D WasteWi$e Update "Going Paperless with
Technology" (12 pp.)
Examines technologies used by WasteWi$e part-
ners to reduce office paper.
D Waste Prevention: It Makes Good Business Sense
(1 page)
Outlines the benefits of waste prevention and
contains an order form for EPA's Waste Prevention
Pays Off and Business Guide for Reducing Solid
Waste publications.
D Buy-Recycled Guidebook, published by the
National Recycling Coalition's Buy Recycled
Business Alliance (24 pp. plus appendices)
Offers step-by-step advice on implementing a suc-
cessful recycled products purchasing program.
D Reusable Transport Packaging Directory, pub-
lished by Minnesota Office of Waste Management
(42 pp.)
Provides descriptions of various types of reusable
packaging options for transporting goods and lists
of vendors.
D Source Reduction Now, published by Minnesota
Office of Waste Management (116 pp.)
Describes in detail how to establish and imple-
ment a waste reduction program, including mea-
surement ideas, company case studies, and
educational signs.
Tip Sheets
Tip sheets provide guidance on a variety of waste
reduction issues (1-6 pp. each)
D Facility Waste Assessments
D Waste Prevention
D Recycling Collection
D How to Start or Expand a Recycling Collection
Program
D Buying or Manufacturing Recycled Products
D Buy-Recycled Resources
D Buy-Recycled Questions and Answers
D Donating Leftover Food to the Needy
D Managing Food Scraps as Animal Feed
D PackTrack: Software to Measure Reductions in
Products and Packaging
D Waste Accounting for Utilities: Software to Track
and Reduce
WasteWi$e Forms
D Partner Registration Form
D Goals Identification Form
D Sample Goals Identification Form
D Annual Reporting Form
D Sample Annual Reporting Form
D Endorser Registration Form
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Waste Wi$e Welcomes Endorsers Joining in 1995
The Aluminum Association, Inc.
American Iron and Steel Institute
American Plastics Council
American Road and Transportation
Builders Association
American Textile Manufacturers
Institute
Association of Ohio Recyclers
Business and Institutional Furniture
Manufacturers Association
Direct Marketing Association, Inc.
DuPage Clean and Beautiful
Edison Electric Institute
Electronic Industries Association
Food Marketing Institute
Foodservice & Packaging Institute
The Glass Packaging Institute
"Green" Hotels Association
Grocery Manufacturers of America
Illinois Recycling Association
Institute of Packaging Professionals
Michigan Recycling Coalition
National Association for
Environmental Management
National Association of Photographic
Manufacturers, Inc.
National Automobile Dealers
Association
National Retail Federation
National Soft Drink Association
National Wooden Pallet and
Container Association
Newspaper Association of America
Polystyrene Packaging Council
Steel Manufacturers Association
Steel Recycling Institute
Toy Manufacturers of America, Inc.
USA Recycling Services
The Vinyl Institute
Virginia Recycling Association
WasteCap of New Hampshire
Water Foundation
-------
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW. (5306W)
Washington, DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300
Printed on paper that contains at least 20 percent postconsumer fiber.
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