EPA530-R-97-019
Waste Minimization Prioritization Tool
Beta Test Version 1.0
User's Guide and System Documentation
Draft
Office of Solid Waste
and
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
June 1997
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EPA530-R-97-019
Erxatum
Please Read This Before Installing the WMPT!
What Do I Need to Run the Waste Minimization Prioritization Tool?
The WMPT contains a large database, and accessing this database requires considerable computer
resources. The minimum personal computer configuration requirements to run the software are: O 16
megabytes of RAM; © a 486-33 or Pentium® processor; © 15 megabytes of free disk space; © a 1.44
floppy disk drive; and © a Windows-compatible mouse (recommended but not required).
How do I Install the WMPT and Get Started?
The software can be installed in Windows® 3.x, Windows® 95, or Windows® NT 3.5 or 4.0. In
Windows® 3.1: O Insert disk 1 in floppy drive. © Select the "File" menu. © Click on "Run" © At the
"Command Line" prompt, type in "a:\setup.exe" From there, follow.the directions on the screen. (These
steps will vary for the other versions of Windows®.)
Once the software is installed: © Click on the "WMPT" icon. © Select "File" © Click on "Open" ©
Select "Chemical.MDB"...and you are ready to begin. See the WMPT ReadMe file for more information
on getting started. •'.-''••
Details on how to install and operate the software are included in Chapter 2 of the Waste Minimization
Prioritization Tool (Beta Test Version 1.0): User's Guide and System Documentation (Draft), June 1997.
You can obtain an electronic version of the User's Guide (in Adobe Acrobat® format) on the Internet by
accessing: http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer. At the OSWER homepage, select "Hazardous Waste," then
"Waste Minimization." You can also obtain a hardcopy or electronic version of the User's Guide by
contacting the RCRA Hotline at 1-800-424-9346 and providing the document number
(EPA530-R-97-019). (Please note that given the large size of some of the electronic files, it may take
significant time to download, read, and print them.)
What If I Have Technical Difficulties or Questions on How to Apply the
WMPT?
If you are having difficulties loading or running the software^ or if you would like to know more about
potential applications of this tool and related products to identify source reduction and recycling
priorities, you can: . . .
© View some of the frequently asked questions concerning the WMPT. Go to the same EPA waste
minimization Internet site listed above. Click on WMPT Ask Me and then click on WMPT FAQ. '
© Send an E-mail message to wmpthelp@icfkaiser.com. If you do not have access to E-mail, send a fax
to "WMPT Help" at (703)934-9740. Please provide the following information, as appropriate, in your
message: your name, organization, E-mail address, phone number, fax number, and a detailed description
of your questions. Please do not submit any confidential business information (CBI) as part of your
inquiry. We appreciate your interest in applying the WMPT and will try to respond to your inquiry, by
phone or through a return E-mail or fax message, as quickly as possible. However, depending on the
number and nature of the inquiries received, it may take us one or more working days to respond to them.
This technical support will be available during the public comment period on the WMPT (i.e., through
early August 1997) and may be extended depending on need.
Continued on other side -*
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What If I Have Comments on the WMPT?
If you would like'to provide comments on the WMPT, the User's Guide, or related products, you can:
O Submit comments electronically by sending electronic mail through the Internet to:
rcra-docket@epamail.epa.gov. All electronic comments must be submitted as an ASCII file avoiding the
use of special characters and any form of encryption. Or,
© Send an original and two copies of your comments to: RCRA Docket Information Center, Office of
Solid Waste (5305G), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Headquarters (EPA, HQ), 401 M Street,
SW, Washington, DC 20460.
Comments should reference docket number F-97-MPCA-FFFFF. Please separate any comments into the
following topic areas: O Technical aspects'of WMPT software (e.g., data, scoring algorithms, functions,
and products); © Presentation aspects of WMPT software (e.g., ease of use and appearance of screens);
© WMPT User's Guide and System Documentation (e.g., information provided and ease of use); ©
Potential applications of WMPT (in promoting waste minimization); and © Other comments.
Commenters should not submit electronically any confidential business information (CBI). Please
contact the RCRA Docket at 703-603-9230 for information on the public comment period.
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DISCLAIMER
This document has been subjected to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and
administrative review and approved for publication. This document is intended as advisory
guidance in developing approaches for pollution prevention. Mention of trade names or
commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
DRAFT
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PREFACE
la November 1994, U.S. EPA released the Waste Minimization National Plan (WMNP).
The WMNP focuses on reducing the generation and subsequent release to the environment of the
most persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals in hazardous wastes, and establishes three
goals:
1) To reduce, as a nation, the presence of these chemicals in hazardous wastes by 25 percent
by the year 2000 and by 50 percent by the year 2005.
2) To avoid transferring these chemicals across environmental media.
3) To ensure that these chemicals are reduced at their source whenever possible, or, when
not possible, that they are recycled in an environmentally sound manner.
Stakeholders involved in development of the WMNP emphasized the need to prioritize
source reduction and recycling activities based on risk and requested a flexible screening tool that
would assist them in identifying priorities. EPA subsequently committed in the WMNP to
develop a tool that would prioritize chemicals based on persistence, bioaccumulation potential,
toxicity,- and quantity. EPA has developed this tool, the Waste Minimization Prioritization Tool
(WMPT), and is releasing a beta-test version for public review.
The WMPT is a joint product of EPA's Office of Solid Waste (OSW) and EPA's Office
of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT). It provides a screening-level assessment of potential
chronic (i.e., long-term) risks to human health and the environment. The relative chemical
rankings derived from the software can complement other risk or cost information in the
decision-making process. The system also provides users with the flexibility to modify
underlying chemical data and scoring thresholds. In addition, the software includes a chemical-
waste code crosswalk, which can be used to identify hazardous waste streams containing
particular chemicals, as well as information on some of the regulatory and non-regulatory lists on
which chemicals may appear.
This document is the user's guide to, and technical documentation for, the WMPT. The
user's guide includes Chapters 1-3, which provide background information on the software,
explain its functions, and present some potential applications. The technical documentation
includes Appendices A-G, which explain the technical details of chemical scoring and
aggregation and describe the supplementary information that the software provides.
The WMPT is a work hi progress. Functions will be added or modified in future versions
based on public comments. We welcome any comments you may have on the software and on
this document Call the RCRA Docket at (703) 603-9230 for information on the public comment
period and how to submit your comments. The docket number for comments on the WMPT is
F-97-MPCA-FFFFF.
DRAFT
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CONTENTS
DISCLAIMER i
PREFACE ii
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS vi
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT 1-1
1.1 ORIGINS OF WMPT 1-1
1.1.1 Federal Statutory Language Promotes Source Reduction and Recycling 1-1
1.1.2 Waste Minimization National Plan Established Source Reduction and
Recycling Goals and Promised Development of Risk Screening Tool 1-1
1.1.3 EPA Adopted WMNP Goal as Part of Government Performance and
Results Act Implementation 1-2
1.1.4 EPA Established Regional/State Team to Recommend Approach for
Developing Risk Screening Tool 1-2
1.1.5 EPA's Office of Solid Waste Formed Partnership with EPA's Office of
Pollution Prevention and Toxics to Develop WMPT 1-3
1.2 RATIONALE FOR WMPT RISK SCREENING APPROACH 1-3
1.2.1 Focus of WMNP is on Prevention, Rather than Management 1-4
1.2.2 Estimating Risk Can Be a Time- and Resource-intensive Process 1-4
1.2.3 PBT Criteria Are Important Characteristics for Chemical Risk Screening 1-5
1.2.4 A Simple Chemical Screening Approach Is a Step Toward More Fully
Considering Risk in Decision-making 1-6
1.3 CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW OF THE WMPT 1-7
1.3.1 Scoring Algorithm of the WMPT 1-7
1.3.2 Supplemental Information 1-11
1.3.3 Universe of Chemicals Addressed by WMPT 1-13
1.4 PUTTING WMPT IN CONTEXT 1-14
CHAPTER 2: USING WMPT 1.0 2-1
2.1 GETTING STARTED 2-1
2.1.1 Hardware and Software Requirements 2-1
2.1.2 Installing WMPT 2-1
2.1.3 Starting and Running WMPT 1.0 2-2
2.1.4 WMPT Menus 2-3
2.2 FILE MENU 2-4
2.2.1 Opening a Database 2-5
2.2.2 Closing a Database 2-6
2.2.3 Saving a Database 2-6
2.2.4 Renaming a Database 2-6
2.2.5 Adding a Mass Data Table 2-6
2.2.6 Switch to Another Mass Data Table 2-17
2.2.7 ExitfromWMPT 2-18
2.3 EDITING DATA (EDIT MENU) 2-18
2.3.1 Editing Chemical Data : 2-19
2.3.2 Editing Fencelines (Thresholds) 2-22
2.3.3 Editing Chemical Synonyms 2-24
2.3.4 Editing Mass Data 2-25
2.3.5 Editing and Creating Chemical Lists 2-27
DRAFT
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CONTENTS
2.4 VIEWING INFORMATION (VIEW MENU) 2-32
2.4.1 Viewing Chemical Data 2-33
2.4.2 Viewing Fencelines (Thresholds) 2-34
2.4.3 Viewing Chemical Synonyms 2-35
2.4.4 Viewing Mass Data 2-36
2.4.5 Viewing Chemical Scores 2-42
2.4.6 Viewing the Distribution of Scores 2-45
2.5 SCORING CHEMICALS (SCORE MENU) 2-45
2.5.1 Calculating Overall PBT Scores 2-46
2.5.2 Calculating PBT and Mass Scores 2-47
2.6 GENERATING REPORTS (REPORTS MENU) 2-47
2.6.1 Report Viewing Tools 2-48
2.6.2 Mass Scoring Summary Report 2-50
2.6.3 Fenceline Summary Report 2-51
2.6.4 ChemicalListReport 2-52
2.6.5 Chemical Data Summary Report 2-52
2.6.6 Advanced Report Query: Creating a Customized Report 2-54
2.7 HELP SYSTEM (HELP MENU) 2-66
2.7.1 About WMPT 2-66
2.8 ERRORMESSAGES 2-66
CHAPTERS: WMPT APPLICATIONS 3-1
3.1 GENERAL APPLICATIONS OFTHEWMPT 3-1
3.2 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OFTHE WMPT 3-1
3.2.1 Potential Government Applications and Activities ; 3-1
3.2.2 Potential Industry Applications and Activities 3-2
3.2.3 Use of the WMPT in Conjunction with Other Information Sources 3-2
REFERENCES R-l
GLOSSARY i Glossary-1
APPENDKA: THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH A-l
• A.1 INTRODUCTION A-l
A.2 CONSISTENCY WITH THE RISK ASSESSMENT PARADIGM A-2
A.3 OVERVIEW OF THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH A-4
A.3.1 Scoring and Aggregation Algorithm A-4
A.3.2 Subfactors Used in Scoring Toxicity A-5
A.3.3 Subfactors Used in Scoring Exposure Potential A-9
A.4 SCORING SUBFACTORS A-10
A.4.1 Scoring Using "Bins" A-10
A.4.2 Continuous-scale Scoring A-l 1
A.4.3 Decision Rule Scoring A-12
A.5 EVALUATING DATA ELEMENTS BASED ON DATA QUALITY A-12
A.6 LIMITATIONS A-12
A.7 REFERENCES A-13
APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL B-l
B.I INTRODUCTION B-l
B.2 PERSISTENCE B-2
B.2.1 Data Elements Used to Score Persistence, Including Data Sources B-3
B.2.2 Persistence Scoring Limitations B-8
DRAFT
iv
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_^__ CONTENTS
B.2.3 Persistence Scoring References B-8
B.3 BIOACCUMULATION B-9
B.3.1 Data Elements Used to Score Bioaccumulation, Including Data Sources ... B-10
B.3.2 Bioaccumulation Scoring Limitations B-l 1
B.3.3 Bioaccumulation Scoring References B-l 1
B.4 MASS B-12
B.4.1 Data Elements Used to Score Mass B-13
B.4.2 Mass Scoring Approach ! B-13
APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY C-l
C.1 HUMAN TOXICITY , .. C-l
C. 1.1 Data Elements Used in Noncancer Effects Scoring, Including Data Sources . C-4
C. 1.2 Data Elements Used in Cancer Effects Subfactor Scoring,
Including Data Sources C-l 1
C.1.3 Human Toxicity Limitations C-12
C.1.4 Human Toxicity References C-12
C.2 ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY C-13
C.2.1 Data Elements, Sources of Data, and Data Quality Hierarchies C-14
C.2.2 Ecological Toxicity Factor Scoring Approach and Fencelines C-23
C.2.3 Ecological Toxicity Factor Limitations C-25
C.2.4 Ecological Toxicity References C-26
APPENDKD: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST D-l
D.I BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE DRAFT
PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST D-l
D.2 APPROACH USED TO GENERATE THE DRAFT
PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST D-l
D.3 THE DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST D-2
APPENDIX E: CHEMICAL LIST INFORMATION E-l
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK F-l
F.I INTRODUCTION F-l
F.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE CROSSWALK F-l
F.2.1 Structure of the Crosswalk F-l
F.2.2 Approach Used to Develop the Crosswalk F-2
F.2.3 Quality of Associations in the Crosswalk F-6
F.2.4 Overlap Analysis F-6
F.2.5 Caveats and Important Assumptions , F-7
F.3 THE CROSSWALK F-9
F.4 REFERENCES F-9
APPENDIX G: DATA DICTIONARY G-l
DRAFT
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ACGIH
AQUIRE
ATSDR
AWQC
BAF
BCF
BRS
CAA
CAS
CASRN
CERCLA
CFR
CMA
CMC
CO2
CORR
CSI
CWA
DDT
DoD
DWCD
EC*
EHC
EPI
ERD
FAV
FCV
FDA
FJDFRA
FR
GAO
GI
GLWQI
GMATC
GPRA
HEAST
HQ
HSWA
HWJR
IARC
BDLH
IRIS
American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
Aquatic Information Retrieval Database
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Bioaccumulation Factor
Bioconcentration Factor
Biennial Reporting System
Clean Air Act
Chemical Abstracts Service
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act
Code of Federal Regulations
Chemical Manufacturers Association
Criterion Maximum Concentration
Carbon Dioxide
Chemicals on Reporting Rules
Common Sense Initiative
Clean Water Act
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
Department of Defense
Drinking Water Criteria Document
Median Effect Concentration
Environmental Hazard Communication
Estimation Program Interface
Emergency Response Division (U.S. EPA)
Final Acute Value
Final Chronic Value
Food and Drug Administration
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
Federal Register
General Accounting Office
Gastrointestinal
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative
Geometric Mean Maximum Allowable Toxicant Concentration
Government Performance and Results Act
Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables
Headquarters
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
Hazardous Waste Identification Rule
International Agency for Research on Cancer
Immediately dangerous to life and health
Integrated Risk Information System
Octanol-water partition coefficient
DRAFT
VI
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Ibs
LDSO
LDR
LOAEL
LOEC
logP
M
MATC
mg/kg
mg/L
mg/m3
NAAQS
NIOSH
NOAEL
NOEC
NRC
OECA
OERR
OPPT
ORD
OSHA
OSW
OW
PAH
PBT
PC
PCB
PCL
PEL
PPA
ppm
Qi*
RCRA
REL
RfC
RfD
RQ
SAB
SAR
SARA
SAT
SCV
SEP
SETAC
Pounds
Median Lethal Concentration
Median Lethal Dose
Land Disposal Restrictions
Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
Lowest Observed Effect Concentration
Logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient
Logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient
Mass or quantity of a chemical
Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration
milligrams/kilogram
milligrams/liter
milligrams/cubic meter
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
No Observed Adverse Effect Level
No Observed Effect Concentration
National Research Council
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (U.S. EPA)
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (U.S. EPA)
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (U.S. EPA)
Office of Research and Development (U.S. EPA)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Office of Solid Waste (U.S. EPA)
Office of Water (U.S. EPA)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Persistent, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity
Personal computer
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Prioritized Chemical List
Permissible exposure limit
Pollution Prevention Act
Parts per million
Cancer Potency Factor
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Recommended exposure limit
Reference Concentration
Reference Dose
Reportable Quantity
Science Advisory Board (U.S. EPA)
Structure-activity Relationship
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
Structure-activity Team
Secondary Chronic Value
Supplemental Environmental Projects
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
DRAFT
VII
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
SIC
SQC
STEL
TLV
TOC
TPQ
TRI
TSCA
TSS
TWA
UCLA
UCSS
UN
U.S. EPA
WMNP
WMPT
WOE
Standard Industrial Classification
Sediment Quality Criteria
Short-term exposure limit
Threshold Limit Value
Total Organic Carbon
Threshold Planning Quantity
Toxics Release Inventory
Toxic Substances Control Act
Total Suspended Solids
Time-weighted average
University of California, Los Angeles
Use Clusters Scoring System
United Nations
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Waste Minimization National Plan
Waste Minimization Prioritization Tool
Weight-of-evidence
DRAFT
VIII
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CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND ON WMPT
Prior to applying this type of decision-making tool, it is helpful to understand some of the
background on the process behind its development, its underlying logic, and how it is
intended to be applied. Section 1.1 of this chapter presents the origins of the Waste
Minimization Prioritization Tool (WMPT). Section 1.2 describes the rationale behind its
relatively simple risk screening approach. Section 1.3 provides a conceptual overview of
how the system scores and ranks chemicals and describes the supplemental information it
provides. Finally, section 1.4 provides important information on the context in which the
tool is intended to be applied.
1.1 ORIGINS OF WMPT
This section describes the origins of the Waste Minimization Prioritization Tool (WMPT),
outlining some of the statutory language promoting source reduction and recycling, describing the goals of
the Waste Minimization National Plan (WMNP) and the objectives of the Government Performance and
Results Act (GPRA), and summarizing the process used to select and develop the WMPT approach.
1.1.1 Federal Statutory Language Promotes Source Reduction and Recycling
The origins of the WMPT trace back to federal statutory language that promotes source reduction
and recycling of the nation's wastes. The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA),
which amended the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), established reporting and
certification requirements to encourage generators to reduce the volume and toxicity of their hazardous
wastes. Both HSWA and the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (PPA) identified a hierarchy of waste
management options in which reduction at the source was the preferred option, followed in turn by
environmentally-sound recycling, treatment, and finally disposal.
1.1.2 Waste Minimization National Plan Established Source Reduction and Recycling
Goals and Promised Development of Risk Screening Tool
EPA translated the broad HSWA and PPA objectives into specific actions with the November
1994 release of the Waste Minimization National Plan (WMNP) (U.S. EPA 1994b). Stakeholders
involved in development of the WMNP emphasized several themes, including:
• prioritize pollution prevention efforts based on risk;
• provide flexibility in implementing pollution prevention activities; and
• adopt a multi-media approach and prevent cross-media transfers.
The goals and objectives of the WMNP reflect these and other themes. The goals are:
• to reduce, as a nation, the presence of the most persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT)
chemicals in hazardous wastes by 25 percent by the year 2000 and by 50 percent by the year 2005;
• to avoid transferring these chemicals across environmental media; and
• to ensure that these chemicals are reduced at the source whenever possible, or, when not possible,
that they are recycled in an environmentally sound manner.
DRAFT
1-1
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CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT
One of the objectives of the WMNP, reflecting stakeholder needs, was to develop a flexible
screening tool that would assist stakeholders in identifying source reduction and recycling priorities. EPA
committed to fulfill this objective by developing a tool that would prioritize chemicals based on their
"inherent hazard" (i.e., based on their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, toxicity, and quantity). EPA
is now making a beta-test version of this screening tool, the WMPT, available for stakeholder review and
initial application.
Li addition to assisting stakeholders in identifying their priorities, EPA plans to use the WMPT as
part of the process of identifying chemicals that are national priorities for waste minimization and that can
be tracked to assess progress toward the WMNP goals. EPA used the WMPT to generate a list of
chemicals ranked based on persistence, bioaccumlation, and toxicity (i.e., the Draft Prioritized Chemical
List, or PCL, shown in Appendix D). The Agency plans to use the WMPT and PCL (after making any
changes necessary based on public comments) to support the development of a shorter National Waste
Minimization Measurement List that will be used to identify waste minimization initiatives and track
WMNP progress.
1.1.3 EPA Adopted WMNP Goal as Part of Government Performance and Results Act
Implementation
In 1993, Congress passed the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) as a means of
promoting better planning and greater accountability in federal departments and agencies. Departments
and agencies are required by the law to clearly describe their goals and objectives and track their progress
toward them. GPRA has great significance, since progress made toward the goals and objectives will be
used as a means of identifying federal priorities and making budget decisions.
EPA announced its GPRA-based planning, budgeting, and accountability system in 1996. One of
the waste minimization subobjectives that EPA has identified is derived directly from the WMNP: by the
year 2005, reduce the most persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds in our nation's hazardous
waste streams by 50 percent as compared with a baseline year of 1991. In addition, a related GPRA
activity was established following a 1997 GPRA stakeholder meeting: by 2000, reduce hazardous waste
streams likely to contain PBT chemicals by 25 percent. This GPRA activity was intended to serve as a
transitional goal that would allow EPA's regional and state partners to transition from a waste stream focus
to a chemical focus in waste minimization. EPA plans to use the National Waste Minimization
Measurement List, derived in part from the WMPT, to track national progress toward the GPRA objective
and activity.
1.1.4 EPA Established Regional/State Team to Recommend Approach for Developing
• Risk Screening Tool
Since the EPA regions and states are key partners of EPA headquarters in implementing the
WMNP, EPA's Office of Solid Waste (OSW) established a team of headquarters, regional, and state staff
in September 1995 to foster development of the screening tool called for in the WMNP. The team
clarified stakeholder needs for the tool (originally presented during development of the WMNP) and
evaluated a large number of candidate risk screening tools that were in use or under development within
EPA and outside the Agency.
Based on their analysis, the team recommended adopting and modifying the Use Cluster Scoring
System (UCSS) developed by EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) to create the
DRAFT
1-2
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CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT
WMPT.1 The UCSS is used by OPPT to score chemicals within "use clusters," or groups of chemicals that
can substitute for one another in a given use (e.g., solvents that can substitute for one another in metal
degreasing), and to score use clusters themselves.
The team identified a number of advantages of building on the UCSS, including:
• A large existing database of chemical data, allowing the efficient ranking of more chemicals based
on the PBT criteria
• A technically sound methodology that had been peer reviewed by EPA's Science Advisory Board
(SAB)
• The opportunity to work actively with another EPA program office and promote consistency in
Agency chemical screening and pollution prevention approaches
The team also identified several areas where the UCSS could be improved, including:
• Adding in readily-available data to allow scoring of as many additional chemicals as possible (e.g.,
chemicals regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA)
• Strengthening the approach and data used to score ecological toxicity
• Restructuring the way that persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and chemical quantity scores are
aggregated
The last two areas for improvement were among those that had been identified by SAB during their review
of the UCSS.
1.1.5 EPA's Office of Solid Waste Formed Partnership with EPA's Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics to Develop WMPT
EPA's OSW subsequently entered into a cooperative arrangement with OPPT to modify the UCSS
and create the WMPT. This joint project focused on making the suggested improvements listed above as
well as others. These improvements are likely to benefit not only OSW and OPPT, but other EPA offices
and stakeholder groups interested in using a consistent set of criteria as the basis for risk screening.
1.2 RATIONALE FOR WMPT RISK SCREENING APPROACH
One of the central issues discussed during development of the WMNP was whether the risk
screening tool called for in the WMNP should focus on the characteristics of wastes prior to management
(an approach referred to during discussions as "hazard as generated") or should focus on releases following
management (referred to as "risk as managed"). An approach based on hazard as generated would focus
on a few characteristics of chemicals in wastes (e.g., persistence, bioaccumulation potential, toxicity, and
quantity) to generate a simple relative ranking of chemicals and wastes based on potential to produce risk
given releases to the environment. It would answer the question: Which wastes are of greatest concern
based on the chemicals they contain and potential risks they may pose, independent of how and where the
wastes are managed? In contrast, an approach based on risk as managed would better reflect the risks
posed by the wastes following management, based on any releases from the waste management unit, the
fate and transport of these releases in the environment, and human or ecological exposures.
EPA selected the "hazard as generated" approach in developing the WMPT and identifying
national waste minimization priorities. This section provides the rationale for this approach.
1 See discussion in Waste Min: Where to Begin: Recommendations of the Waste Minimization
Prioritization Team on Risk-Based Tools for Identifying Priority Chemicals and Wastes (U.S. EPA 1996).
DRAFT 1^3
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CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT
1.2.1 Focus of WMNP is on Prevention, Rather than Management
Subtitle C of RCRA includes stringent requirements for the management of hazardous wastes
"from cradle to grave." These standards are intended to minimize present and future threats to human
health and the environment from management of wastes. In contrast, the statutory language promoting
source reduction and recycling (discussed above) focuses more on prevention of waste generation,
encouraging reductions in the volume and toxicity of waste and movement of waste up the waste
management hierarchy. This preventative approach is the foundation for the WMNP.
Although the preventative approach embodied in the WMNP focuses less directly on controlling
risks from waste management, there are several important ways that prevention may complement or replace
stringent management standards in reducing risks. First, even when management methods are operating
effectively, there may still be small quantities of chemicals released on a continuing basis to the
environment. Second, management technologies occasionally fail. For example, hazardous waste
combustion units may experience "upsets" during which wastes may not be completely destroyed, and
liner systems in hazardous waste management units may at some point develop leaks. Finally, wastes may
inadvertently be released to the environment because of accidents during handling and transportation.
For chemicals that do not readily break down in the environment or that tend to accumulate in
plant or animal tissues, even small ongoing releases are a concern, since they may allow the chemicals to
accumulate over time. The accumulation of these chemicals in the environment is a particular concern
when the chemicals are also toxic to humans or ecological systems.
1.2.2 Estimating Risk Can Be a Time- and Resource-intensive Process
Estimating the risks associated with wastes managed using a particular technology or managed in a
particular location can be a time-consuming and costly process. When wastes can be managed by
alternative management practices in various locations with different environmental and demographic
characteristics, the estimation of risk becomes even more complex, requiring more sophisticated techniques
and additional data. Given the potential variability in these factors influencing risk and the diverse
universe of hazardous waste streams to be evaluated to identify waste minimization priorities, there are
distinct advantages to adopting a simpler risk screening approach.
In addition to being time- and resource-intensive, more sophisticated risk screening approaches
also tend to require more data than simpler screening approaches. As the data requirements for screening
increase, the number of chemicals that can be screened decreases. When the EPA/state team working to
select an approach for the WMPT discussed this tradeoff with stakeholder groups, a number of stakeholder
representatives urged EPA to screen as many chemicals as possible, in order to identify potential
substitutes for higher-scoring chemicals currently being used. By relying on the relatively simple
screening criteria in the WMPT, EPA has been able to rank a significant number of chemicals, nearly 900
total to date.
The risk screening approach adopted in the WMPT attempts to convey as much information about
the potential risk-related concerns associated with chemicals in wastes as possible without incorporating
more detailed management, location, and exposure information.2 This approach is quicker to implement,
allowing more rapid progress toward the WMNP goals than an approach that attempts to estimate
management- or site-specific risks. Although EPA adopted this approach for the WMPT, this does not
n
Although the persistence and bioaccumulation criteria that form part of the foundation for the WMPT
chemical scoring approach depend to some extent on environmental conditions, they are primarily dependent on a
chemical's identity and can often be predicted from basic physical/chemical properties.
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CHAPTER 1; BACKGROUND ON WMPT
prelude stakeholders from using more sophisticated risk screening approaches to identify their own waste
minimization priorities.
One criterion that stakeholders have suggested combining with the persistence, bioaccumulation,
toxicity, and quantity criteria in the WMPT chemical scoring algorithm is mobility. Mobility is a broad
criterion that encompasses a number of different processes by which chemicals may move in
environmental media and reach receptors; consequently, it is an important criterion influencing the
potential for exposure. While EPA is interested in considering mobility as a scoring criterion, it is not
clear how this can be done without significantly increasing the overall sophistication of the scoring
approach (e.g., by moving.toward pathway-specific scoring of chemicals) and potentially reducing the
number of chemicals that can be scored. One alternative to integrating mobility in the scoring that EPA is
considering is to provide indicators of chemical partitioning to various environmental media as
supplemental information in the WMPT.
1.2.3 PBT Criteria Are Important Characteristics for Chemical Risk Screening
Persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (the PBT criteria) are three characteristics of chemicals
that are considered to be important determinants of potential adverse effects to human health and the
environment (i.e., potential risks) associated with actual or potential releases of chemicals. In the standard
risk assessment paradigm (or framework) that guides current risk assessment practices, toxicity is a
characteristic reflecting the nature and severity of adverse effects in response to a given exposure, while
persistence and bioaccumulation potential are two of the characteristics that influence the extent of
exposure to (or contact with) chemicals. (See definitions in text box.)
Chemical mass (i.e., chemical quantity) is another important criterion used in the WMPT to
represent potential for exposure. Where a waste contains two chemicals with similar levels of concern
based on the PBT criteria, if one chemical is present in significantly larger quantities (i.e., has significantly
greater mass), it will likely present greater potential for exposure and risk and therefore be a higher
priority, other things being equal. See Appendices A through C for additional discussion of persistence,
bioaccumulation, toxicity, and mass.
There is significant domestic and international interest in, and use of, the PBT criteria for chemical
risk screening. For example:
• PBT criteria are used in numerous risk screening methodologies developed by EPA and others,
both domestically and internationally.
• Several international efforts have focused on chemicals that are persistent and/or bioaccumulative
(e.g., the Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy (Binational Toxics Strategy, 1997), and the
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe List of Persistent Organic Pollutants (UNECE,
1991).
• At a February, 1995, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry international workshop
to develop guidelines for chemical ranking and scoring, participants recommended the PBT
criteria for ecological risk screening and were considering them for human risk screening
(recommendations for human risk screening are still under discussion).
• The Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) recognized the increasing domestic and
international interest in chemicals that are persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative in a recent policy
guidance, which stated that "because of their physical/chemical properties, PBT chemicals should
receive priority attention in industry risk characterization, risk management, and pollution
prevention programs" (CMA, 1996).
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1-5
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CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT
Definitions
Risk—the likelihood that a chemical will cause adverse effects to human health or the environment.
Risk is a function of toxicity and exposure.
Toxicity—the tendency of a chemical to produce adverse effects in organisms following exposure.
Toxicity is a very broad criterion, covering different effect types (e.g., human and ecological),
exposure periods (e.g., acute and chronic), and endpoints (e.g., lethality, cancer effects, and non-
cancer effects (such as developmental effects)). At similar levels of exposure, chemicals with higher
toxicity will pose greater risks than chemicals with lower toxicity.
Exposure—the extent and nature of contact of an organism with a chemical (i.e., the amount of
chemical available to be taken up through surfaces such as the lungs and skin). Exposure is a
function of a number of factors, including chemical release rates, fate and transport in the
environment, duration of exposure, and size of exposed populations. Several important predictors of
exposure are persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and mass.
Persistence—the tendency of a chemical to remain in the environment without transformation or
breakdown into another chemical form (e.g., to require a relatively long period of time to be degraded
by microorganisms and/or by chemical processes). Relatively speaking, the greater the persistence of
a chemical, the greater the potential for human or ecological exposure to the chemical. Persistence is a
more important criterion for assessing risks of long-term (i.e., chronic) exposures than short-term
exposures.
Bioaccumulation potential—the capacity of a chemical to increase in concentration or accumulate (be
stored in tissue) in an organism as a result of uptake from all environmental sources over a period of
time. Relatively speaking, the greater the bioaccumulation potential of a chemical, the .greater the
potential for magnification of chemical concentrations in food chains and for human and ecological
exposures. Bioaccumulation potential is a more important criterion for assessing human and
ecological risks via food chain exposure pathways than risks from direct exposure pathways (e.g.,
direct inhalation).
Mass—the quantity of a chemical (e.g., in a waste stream) that is potentially available for release to
the environment. Relatively speaking, the greater the mass of the chemical, the greater the potential
for human and ecological exposure.
1.2.4 A Simple Chemical Screening Approach Is a Step Toward More Fully Considering
Risk in Decision-making
There are a number of factors that can be considered in making decisions about waste management
and waste minimization alternatives. Currently, it is not uncommon for priorities to be established based
on where the greatest cost savings will be achieved or where the largest waste or chemical quantities will
be reduced, without consideration of which chemicals are present or whether they are dilute or
concentrated (let alone consideration of management- or site-specific risk).
To the extent that additional information on relative risks of chemicals in waste streams can be
integrated in decision-making, it will help promote improved environmental results. The use of PBT
criteria (and chemical quantity) for identifying potential chronic risk concerns is a step in that direction. If
desired, the risk screening results that the WMPT provides can potentially be used along with
DRAFT
1-6
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CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT
supplemental management and exposure information to more closely approximate site-specific risk
concerns. Relative rankings of chemicals based on other environmental concerns (e.g., potential to result
in acute risks, stratospheric ozone depletion, global wanning, photochemical oxidant (smog) formation,
acidification, or nullification) can also complement the PBT rankings.
1.3 CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW OF THE WMPT
This section introduces the two main components of the tool: the scoring algorithm and the
supplemental chemical information. This section also provides an overview of the universe of chemicals
addressed in the WMPT. For additional technical detail on the scoring algorithm and the supplemental
information, refer to Appendices A through F.
As shown in Exhibit 1-1, the first main component of the WMPT is the scoring algorithm that
establishes an overall chemical score based on underlying data that reflect the chemical's human health
risk potential and ecological risk potential. There are various factors and subfactors that are assessed to
generate scores for a chemical's human health risk and ecological risk potentials; these are discussed later
in this section. The overall chemical score for a given chemical can be used along with similar scores for
other chemicals to develop a relative ranking for those chemicals.
The second main component of the WMPT structure is a supplemental information database that
provides chemical-specific data that are not used directly in generating the overall chemical scores (and are
thus shown in Exhibit 1-1 as being connected with the overall chemical score by dashed arrows). This
information can be used, along with the chemical scores or independently, to inform waste minimization
decisions. •
1.3.1 Scoring Algorithm of the WMPT
The purpose of the WMPT scoring algorithm is to develop chemical-specific scores that can be
used for a screening-level risk-based ranking of chemicals. As illustrated in Exhibit 1-1, the scoring
algorithm is designed to generate an overall chemical score that reflects a chemical's potential to pose risk
to both human health and ecological systems. A measure of human health risk potential is derived,
consistent with the risk assessment paradigm, by jointly assessing the chemical's human toxicity and
potential for exposure. Similarly, a measure of the ecological risk potential is derived by jointly assessing
the chemical's ecological toxicity and potential for exposure.
The details of how an overall chemical score is generated are summarized in Exhibit 1-2.
Mathematically, the overall chemical score is the sum of two "potential-level" scores, one reflecting the
human health risk potential and the other the ecological risk potential of the chemical.
The Human Health Risk Potential score is derived by adding two "factor-level" scores, one
reflecting the chemical's toxicity to humans and the other the chemical's potential for exposure. While
designed as a screening-level tool, the WMPT's structure is generally consistent with the risk assessment
paradigm that guides current risk assessment practices. The WMPT's scoring algorithm is modeled after
the general risk calculation equation used by U.S. EPA and others, where a chemical's risk is derived by
combining estimates of the chemical's toxicity with estimates of the chemical's actual or potential
exposure. The WMPT uses a small number of relatively simple measures to represent a chemical's
toxicity and exposure potential, consistent with a screening-level approach and with other systems of this
type. There are several such measures, called "subfactors," used in the tool, and it is at the subfactor level
that WMPT actually evaluates chemical-specific data and generates scores.
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CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT
The Human Toxicity factor score is derived by taking the higher of two subfactor scores: (1)
Cancer Effects, and (2) Noncancer Effects. The Human Exposure Potential score is derived as the sum of
three subfactor scores: (1) Persistence, (2) Bioaccumulation Potential, and, when available, (3) Mass.
Similar to the Human Health Risk Potential score, the Ecological Risk Potential score is derived by
adding two "factor-level" scores, one reflecting the chemical's toxicity to aquatic ecosystems and the other
the chemical's potential for exposure. The Ecological Toxicity factor is scored currently using only one
subfactor—Aquatic Toxicity. The Ecological Exposure Potential score is derived in the same way as (and
is equal to) the Human Exposure Potential score.
As shown in Exhibit 1-2, scores are first generated at the subfactor level and these scores are then
"aggregated upward" to generate an overall chemical score. A score for a given subfactor is derived by
evaluating certain "data elements" that appropriately represent that subfactor (examples of data elements
for the various subfactors used in WMPT are shown in the last row of Exhibit 1-2). The data elements
used to score the various subfactors are briefly described below; a detailed description of the types of data
used is provided in Appendices B and C.
• Persistence. To score this subfactor, the WMPT algorithm uses data elements derived
from (1) models predicting estimated biodegradation times, (2) databases of empirical
biodegradation data, and (3) a model predicting hydrolysis half-life values for chemicals.
• Bioaccumulation Potential. The WMPT scoring algorithm uses three data elements to
score this subfactor. For most organic chemicals, the estimated logarithm of the n-octanol-
water partition coefficient (K^J is used. For metals and some organic chemicals,
measured Bioaccumulation Factors (BAFs) or Bioconcentration Factors (BCFs) are used.
• Mass. The WMPT scoring approach can use several types of data to indicate the mass (or
quantity) of the chemical in wastes, depending on the kind of data sources accessible to
the user (e.g., Toxics Release Inventory data or waste analysis data).
• Human Toxicity - Cancer Effects. For this subfactor, the WMPT scoring approach uses
measures related to the chemical's carcinogenic potency (e.g., Slope Factors) and the
likelihood that the chemical is a human carcinogen (e.g., the U.S. EPA Carcinogen
Weight-of-Evidence (WOE) Classification).
• Human Toxicity - Noncancer Effects. For this subfactor, the WMPT scoring approach
uses various data elements indicative of the chemical's capacity to cause chronic adverse
effects in human receptors, and the magnitude and severity of those effects (e.g.,
Reference Dose (RfD)).
• Ecological Toxicity - Aquatic Toxicity. To score this subfactor, the WMPT uses a
number of data elements representing chronic and acute aquatic toxicity extracted from a
number of U.S. EPA sources (e.g., Final Chronic Values, measured and estimated aquatic
chronic values, EC50s, LC50s, and aquatic toxicity reportable quantities).
The WMPT is designed to take advantage of the best available data for chemical scoring. Data
elements are generally grouped into three categories of data quality, i.e., high-, medium-, or low-quality,
and higher quality data are used preferentially, when available, for the scoring. To score the Noncancer
Effects subfactor, for example, any of the higher quality data elements, e.g., the Reference Doses (RfDs),
are used preferentially over the medium or low quality data elements, e.g., Chronic No Observed Adverse
Effect Levels (NOAELs) or Human Health Structure-Activity Team (SAT) ranks. (See Appendix C for a
DRAFT 1-8
-------
EXHIBIT 1-1
Overview of the WMPT System
Relative Ranking of
Chemicals
Overall Chemical Score
Olher Chemical-Specific
Data
Chemical-RCRA Waste
Code Cross-walk
List Information
Human Health
Risk Potential
I
Ecological Risk
Potential
-------
EXHIBIT 1-2
Overview of the WMPT Scoring
Overall Chemical Score
(6-18)**
A
Sum the two scores
1
Human Health
Risk Potential
(3-9)**
A
Ecological Risk
Potential
(3-9)**
A
JKsy.
( ) Range of scores, where I*
low, 2 = medium, and 3 =
high.
[ ]* The score for the Mass
subfactor is derived as a
continuous variable, where
score = VilogIC)Mass (in
pounds).
( )** Range of scores shown is
for persistence, bioaccumu-
lalion, and toxicity only;
adding in mass score will
increase the upper bound of
the range.
Sum the two scores
Sum the two scores
I
Human Toxicity
1
Human Exposure
Potential
(2 - 6)**
Ecological Toxicity
,, ,.
u '
A
Use higher of two scores
I
Sum the three scores
t
Use score directly
Ecological Exposure
Potential
(2-6)**
A
Sum the three scores
Cancer
Effects
(1-3)
Non-
cancer
Effects
(1-3)
Bioaccumulation
Potential
d-3)
Persistence
Mass
[variable]*
A { A A
Derive scores by assessing data element values against "fencelines"
1 1 1
Bioaccumulation
Potential
Persistence
(1-3)
Mass
[variable}*
Mathematically
elememvalue
to derive score
A
A
Mathematically
to derive score
e.g., oral
- cancer
slope
factor
e.g., RfD,
chronic
LOAEL
e.g., log P, BAF,
BCF
e.g.,
estimated
biodegrad-
ability
e.g.,
pounds in
waste
e.g., log P, BAF,
BCF
e.g.,
estimated •
biodegrad-
ability
e.g.,
pounds in
waste
-------
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT
detailed explanation of these data elements.) Allowing the use of data of varying quality in the WMPT
ensures that a large number of chemicals can be assigned scores based on their persistence,
bioaccumulation, and toxicity properties, while taking advantage of the high quality data that are available.
In compiling the underlying database for scoring chemicals in the WMPT, U.S. EPA searched readily-
available sources and incorporated persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity data for a given chemical,
starting with the highest quality data element and working down through the data quality hierarchy.
la selecting the types of data elements to be used to score the various subfactors in the WMPT,
U.S. EPA has worked to maintain consistency with approaches used in other chemical screening methods
and systems, particularly those developed and used within the Agency. For example, the highest quality
data element used to score the Aquatic Toxicity subfactor is the Final Chronic Value (FCV), a measure of
chronic aquatic toxicity. The use of an FCV as the highest quality data element is consistent with methods
used in other U.S. EPA initiatives such as OSW's Hazardous Waste Identification Rule: Risk Assessment
for Ecological Receptors, and Office of Water's data quality hierarchy for the Great Lakes Water Quality
Initiative. FCVs were also presented as high quality data elements in U.S. EPA's Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response's compilation of Ecotox Thresholds for the Superfund program. Similarly, most of the
measures used in scoring human toxicity are standard data elements used by U.S. EPA in risk assessment
and risk screening procedures. The general consistency of the WMPT approach to scoring subfactors with
other Agency approaches is discussed further, by subfactor, in Appendices B and C.
Most of the subfactors are scored using a "fenceline" approach (as discussed further in
Appendix A). The fenceline scoring approach involves comparing the value for a given chemical data
element against predefined "high" and "low" threshold values for that data element, termed "fencelines."
In general, for most data elements, lower numeric values denote higher concern. For example, the more
toxic chemicals are represented by lower numerical values for Reference Doses (RfDs). Thus, if the
chemical-specific value for the given data element is greater than the "low" fenceline, the subfactor is
assigned a score of 1 (low concern). If the chemical-specific value is less than the "high" fenceline, the
subfactor is assigned a score of 3 (high concern). If the chemical's value for that data element is between
the "high" and the "low" fencelines, the subfactor is assigned a score of 2 (medium concern). Thus, all the
subfactors, except Mass, are scored as low (score = 1), medium (score = 2), or high (score = 3).3 Mass is
assigned a score (on a continuous scale) equal to half the base10 logarithm of the chemical mass (in units of
pounds per year).
In general, the fencelines used in the WMPT are also consistent with approaches used in similar
chemical screening methods and systems used in the Agency. For example, the WMPT fencelines used to
score the chronic aquatic toxicity data elements (e.g., FCVs) are nearly identical to the environmental
toxicity classification criteria that OPPT uses to evaluate industrial chemicals under the Toxic Substances
Control Act (see also discussion in Appendices B and C).
1.3.2 Supplemental Information
During earlier discussions related to selection and development of a risk screening tool for the
WMNP, stakeholders expressed an interest in several types of supplemental information to assist in
decision-making. Stakeholders were particularly interested in obtaining information on chemicals'
regulatory status, the "linkage" between RCRA waste codes and chemicals, and chemicals' partitioning to
and transport in environmental media. At present, only the first two types of supplemental information are
included in the WMPT. U.S. EPA plans at a later time to include supplemental data on chemical
partitioning to various environmental media.
3 For some data elements, e.g., the cancer potency slope factor, lower numeric values denote lower.
concern; in such cases, the fenceline logic is reversed.
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CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT
Chemical-RCRA Waste Code Cross-walk
The Chemical-RCRA Waste Code Cross-walk, discussed further in Appendix F, provides a
translation between approximately 500 chemicals and 600 RCRA hazardous waste codes. The cross-walk
can be used for two purposes: (1) to identify RCRA waste codes (and, subsequently, waste streams) that
are likely to contain a particular chemical, or (2) to identify chemicals associated with particular RCRA
waste codes (and waste streams). On one axis of the cross-walk are RCRA waste codes, and on the other
axis are chemical names (with CAS numbers). The cells in the table include notations that indicate if an
association exists between a chemical and a waste code. The cross-walk is broken down into individual
tables for each of the five types of RCRA waste codes (D, F, K, P, and U) and for wastewater and non-
wastewater forms of waste, resulting in a total of 10 tables. The data included in the cross-walk linking
RCRA waste codes and their associated chemicals come from three U.S. EPA sources: (1) hazardous waste
listings, (2) Land Disposal Restrictions treatment standards, and (3) Hazardous Waste Identification Rule
database. (See Appendix F for more discussion of the cross-walk.)
Lists of Concern
As an indicator of prior and current regulatory and non-regulatory attention, each chemical in the
WMPT is cross-referenced with the chemicals on the 17 lists below.
• RCRA Hazardous Waste Constituents, P-List (40 CFR 261.33) (acute hazardous waste)
• RCRA Hazardous Waste Constituents, U-List (40 CFR 261.33) (toxic wastes)
• RCRA Section 3001 Hazardous Wastes, Appendix VEI Hazardous Constituents
(40 CFR 261)
• RCRA Section 3001 Hazardous Wastes, Appendix IX Ground Water Monitoring List (40
CFR 264)
• Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, Section 313 (40 CFR 372.65) (Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals)
• Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, Section 302(a)(2) (40 CFR 355,
Appendix A)
• Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, Section 110 (52 FR 12866, April 17,
1987; 53 FR 41280, October 26,1988; 54 FR 43615, October 17,1990)
• Clean Air Act Amendments Title m Hazardous Air Pollutants (PL 101-549, Section 301)
• Clean Air Act Amendments Section 602 and the Clean Air Section 112(r) (PL 101-549,
Section 602(b))
• Chemicals on TSCA Reporting Rules database (CORR)
• OPPT Toxics Master Testing List
• Clean Water Act Priority Pollutants (40 CFR 423, Appendix B)
Clean Water Act Section 31 l(b)(2) Hazardous Substances (40 CFR 116.4)
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CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT
« Safe Drinking Water Act Contaminants (40 CFR 141.11, .12, .13, .15, .16, .61, .62, .63;
56 PR 1470, January 14, 1991)
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).- Permissible Exposure Limits
(PELs)
» National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - Recommended Exposure
Limits (RELs)
» American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) - Threshold Limit
Values (TLVs)
Finding a chemical of interest on one or more of these lists can serve as an indicator of additional
information for that chemical, such as the U.S. EPA program offices concerned and knowledgeable about
the chemical. Also, finding a chemical on multiple lists might be interpreted as indicating heightened
regulatory and/or non-regulatory interest in that chemical. These lists are provided for informational
purposes only, and are not incorporated into any of the WMPT scoring algorithms.
1.3.3 Universe of Chemicals Addressed by WMPT
One of the main strengths of WMPT is its wide coverage-of chemicals that may be of potential
concern to users. The WMPT currently includes approximately 4,700 chemicals. These are primarily
chemicals listed on the TSCA Inventory, and in particular, those that are actually in commerce. Of the
more than 4,700 chemicals included in the WMPT, approximately 880 have data on persistence,
bioaccumulation, and toxicity and are included on the Draft PCL. (See Appendix D for more information
on the PCL.) U.S. EPA had focused its data gathering efforts on those chemicals in the WMPT that are
covered by RCRA and other regulatory programs. Thus, a large number of the chemicals on the PCL are
covered by those programs. Exhibit 1-3 presents how the PCL overlaps with the following lists of
concern:
« RCRA chemicals (i.e., Appendix VIE Hazardous Constituents, constituents on the
Appendix EX Ground Water Monitoring List, and constituents listed as RCRA P and U
wastes);
• TRI chemicals (i.e., the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Section 313
Toxic Chemicals);
• U.S. EPA's Water Program (i.e., Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 307(a) Priority
Pollutants and CWA Section 311 Hazardous Substances);
« U.S. EPA's Air Program (i.e., Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 112(b) Hazardous Air
Pollutants and CAA Section 112(r) List of Substances for Accidental Release Prevention);
• OSHA chemicals (i.e., chemicals for which OSHA adopted Permissible Exposure Limits
(PELs) in 1989); and
• "Commonly regulated chemicals," i.e., chemicals regulated in common among the U.S.
EPA programs (i.e., RCRA, TRI, and U.S. EPA's air and water programs).
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CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT
EXHIBIT 1-3
Overlap Between the Draft Prioritized Chemical List
and Various Chemical Lists
CLEAN AIR ACT CHEMICALS
(280)
COMMONLY REGULATED
CHEMICALS
(82)
CLEAN WATER ACT CHEMICALS
(480)
OSHA CHEMICALS
(534)
TRI CHEMICALS
(627)
RCRA CHEMICALS
(507)
For example, the exhibit shows that of the 507 chemicals that fall under the heading of RCRA
chemicals, 387 (or 76 percent) are on the PCL. Nearly all of the "commonly regulated chemicals" appear
on the PCL, along with about three-quarters of RCRA chemicals, two-thirds of Clean Air Act chemicals,
and roughly half of the TRI, OSHA, and Clear Water Act chemicals.
1.4 PUTTING WMPT IN CONTEXT
In using this type of decision-making tool, it is important to understand the nature of the tool and
its limitations, so that it can be applied appropriately. This point was emphasized by stakeholders during
development of the WMPT. Users should keep the following points in mind when applying the WMPT.
• The WMPT is intended to provide relative rankings of chemicals rather than
absolute risk results. The WMPT is a simple risk screening tool that is intended to
provide relative rankings of chemicals, as an initial step in a risk screening process. It is
not intended to indicate the absolute level of risk (e.g., the likelihood of cancer or non-
cancer effect in humans) associated with a chemical in a particular setting, since that risk
is a function of many other site-specific factors. Given the simple screening approach, the
chemical rankings may include considerable uncertainty. Chemicals ranked low by
WMPT should not be interpreted as being risk-free, since all chemicals may pose concerns
under certain conditions.
• The WMPT was developed by EPA's OSW under the WMNP to serve as voluntary
guidance in identifying priorities. Stakeholders felt strongly that the WMNP, as a
voluntary program, should provide participants with flexibility in establishing individual
goals and implementing waste minimization. Consequently, the WMPT is intended to
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CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ON WMPT
provide a means of identifying priorities for stakeholders who have not done their own
assessment of risk-based waste minimization priorities. The WMPT is not intended to
preclude stakeholders from selecting and using alternative risk-based approaches to
identify their priorities.
Results'from the WMPT should be balanced with other factors in decision-making,
as appropriate. Stakeholders emphasized that other factors, in addition to risk, are
important in making decisions about waste minimization and management. For example,
regulatory compliance costs and the feasibility of waste minimization alternatives are
important factors for many businesses in identifying waste minimization priorities. The
intent of the WMPT is to encourage stakeholders to more fully balance risk with these
other considerations in decision-making.
Chronic risk rankings from the WMPT can complement other chemical risk
rankings. The WMPT focuses on chronic (long-term) risks to human health and
ecological systems. Users may want to consider other chemical risk ranking results related
to acute (short-term) risks, stratospheric ozone depletion, acidification, and nutrification,
among others.
The prioritization of chemicals based on the PBT criteria can complement, but
should not be viewed as replacing, existing lists of regulated chemicals, which are
often an important means of identifying source reduction and recycling priorities.
PBT priorities, as determined by the WMPT, can potentially complement these regulatory
lists in a couple of ways. First, when identifying source reduction priorities among
regulated chemicals, PBT priorities can complement other factors such as cost in decision-
making. Regulated constituents that are "more PBT" would be a higher priority, other
things being equal. Second, for chemicals that are not regulated currently, PBT
evaluations can provide an indication of the potential for environmental concerns.
The list of chemicals ranked by the WMPT includes many, but not all, chemicals.
Some chemicals of interest to users may not appear among the 900 chemicals on the Draft
PCL, since only chemicals with readily available data for persistence, bioaccumulation
potential, and human and ecological toxicity were scored and included on the list. The
fact that a chemical does not appear on the list should not be interpreted as meaning that it
is not a concern. The WMPT does provide partial chemical data for an additional 3,800
chemicals that were not ranked and included on the PCL.
The Chemical-Waste Code Crosswalk indicates when chemicals may be associated
with particular waste streams. Given that the associations are based on national-level
waste characterization data, compiled over a number of years, they may not correspond
exactly to waste characteristics at a particular site and should be interpreted with caution.
Not all of the regulatory/non-regulatory lists may be current. EPA compiled
regulatory and non-regulatory lists that were readily available during development of the
WMPT. While some lists have been quality checked and updated, not all lists may be
current. Moreover, the various lists change over time, with chemicals added or deleted.
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CHAPTER 2
USING WMPT 1.0
This chapter presents the step-by-step process of installing and using the WMPT to generate
outputs that will aid in decisions about setting priorities. Most of this chapter will discuss
how to maneuver within the system, how to input data and develop scores, and how to
generate formatted outputs. Section 2.1 discusses how to get started, and sections 2.2-2.7
present the File, Edit, View, Score, Reports, and Help menus. Finally, Section 2.8, presents
system error messages.
2.1 GETTING STARTED
The WMPT is a flexible chemical ranking tool that lets you input, view, and rank chemicals and
chemical data. The WMPT already contains ecological and human exposure and hazard data for over
4,700 chemicals. You can view chemical data, group chemicals together, score and rank the chemicals
relative to one another, and output the information in both a hardcopy and electronic formats.
To help you get familiar with the WMPT, this chapter discusses the following WMPT menu items
and features:
• Hardware requirements and installing WMPT 1.0;
• Viewing and editing chemicals, chemical data, and chemical lists;
• Changing data fencelines, inputting mass data, and scoring chemicals;
• Generating reports;
• Help system; and
• Basic troubleshooting
2.1.1 Hardware and Software Requirements
WMPT is a 16 bit windows application that can be installed and run on Windows® 3.x,
Windows® 95, Windows® NT 3.5, or Windows® NT 4.0.
WMPT contains a large database, and accessing this database takes considerable resources. The
minimum PC configuration requirements are:
• A minimum of 16 megabytes of RAM;
• 486-66 or Pentium 90 processor (P90);
• 15 megabytes of free disk space;
• A 1.44 floppy disk drive; and
• A Windows-compatible mouse (highly recommended but not required)
2.1.2 Installing WMPT
To install the WMPT from Windows® 3.1 or Windows® NT 3.5:
1. Exit from any open applications, including tool bars;
2. Insert installation disk 1 into your floppy drive;
3. From the Windows FILE menu, select Run...;
4. Type 'A:\SETUP' or 'B:\SETUP' as appropriate.
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To install the WMPT from Windows® 95 or Windows® NT 4.0:
1. Exit from any open applications, including tool bars;
2. Insert installation disk 1 into your floppy drive;
3. From the Windows START menu, select Run...;
4. Type 'A:\SETUP or 'B:\SETUP' as appropriate;
Note that the install may not require all disks if necessary files are already resident on your PC.
5. The install will prompt you to enter a name for the directory in which WMPT 1.0 will be
installed.
6. Follow the instructions on the screen.
2.1.3 Starting and Running WMPT 1.0
From Windows® 3.X or NT® 3.5, double click on the WMPT icon. From Windows® 95 or
Windows® NT 4.0 navigate the start menu to find WMPT and select it.
After starting WMPT, the application opens and both a WMPT menu bar and speed button tool
bar appear. Notice that the Edit, View, Mass, Score, and Reports menus are not active. Select the File
menu, select Open, select the CHEMICAL.MDB file and click on OK to activate the Edit, View, Mass,
Score, and Reports menus. You must open a file each time you start WMPT to activate the Edit, View,
Mass, Score, and Reports menus. The WMPT main screen shown in Exhibit 2-1 will appear.
EXHIBIT 2-1
WMPT Main Screen
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2.1.4 WMPT Menus
Exhibit 2-2 describes the menus on the WMPT menu bar. Double clicking on any menu gives you
access to the commands to perform the associated actions.
EXHIBIT 2-2
WMPT Menus
Menu Item
File
Edit
View
Score
Reports
Help
Description
Commands to open and save files. Also includes the WMPT exit command.
Commands to edit chemicals, chemical data, chemical lists, and the
fencelines used in scoring algorithms.
Commands to view chemicals, fencelines, chemical and chemical list scores,
and score distributions.
Commands to generate chemical persistence scores, prioritized chemical list
scores, and mass scores.
Commands to generate the fenceline report, chemical list report, and
chemical data summary report. Also contains commands to create and run
an advanced report query (ad hoc reporting).
Commands to access the WMPT on-line help system.
Several shortcut keys are available on the WMPT tool bar. Click on the toolbar icon shown in Exhibit 2-3
to activate the shortcut.
EXHIBIT 2-3
WMPT Tool Bar
Icon
Action
Description
File Open
Shortcut to access the screen which lets you select a file to open.
File Save
Shortcut to save the current open file.
Print
Shortcut to print screen.
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Icon
Action
Description
View Chemicals
by CAS Number
Shortcut to access the chemical view screens after selecting a
chemical by CAS number.
pa?
View Scores by
CAS Number
Shortcut to access the chemical PBT score summary after selecting
a chemical by CAS number.
View Chemicals
by RCRA Codes
Shortcut to view chemical data for all chemicals in WMPT for a
specific RCRA code.
View Fencelines
Shortcut to view scoring fencelines used to generate PBT scores.
View Mass Detail
Shortcut to view available mass data.
Advanced Report
Query
Shortcut to access the Advanced Report Query (Ad-hoc reporting).
Help
Shortcut to display context sensitive help.
Each WMPT menu and menu command is discussed in detail in sections 2.2 through 2.7
2.2 FILE MENU
The File menu contains the commands listed in Exhibit 2-4.
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EXHIBIT 2-4
File Menu Commands
Command
Open
Close
Save
Save As
Define Mass Table
Switch Mass Tables
Exit
Description
Open a file to be used in each WMPT session.
Close an open file.
Save an open file.
Save an open file under a new name.
Add a table of chemical mass data to the WMPT.
Switch to another attached, imported, or manually-entered table of chemical
mass data or delete a chemical mass data table from the WMPT.
Exit WMPT.
Each of the FILE menu commands are discussed in detail in the following subsections.
2.2.1 Opening a Database
After selecting the Open from the File menu, the Select A Database to Open screen shown in
Exhibit 2-5 appears. The WMPT install places a CHEMICAL.MDB file in the directory from which the
WMPT is run. You can edit the data in this file and save the edited file under the original
CHEMICAL.MDB name or under a new name (see Save and Save As below). Selecting Open from the
File menu displays the CHEMICAL.MDB file and any other file names to which you have saved an edited
version of the CHEMICAL.MDB file.
EXHIBIT 2-5
Select a Database to Open Screen
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To open a file, double click on the desired file name or click once on the file name and click OK.
Opening a file activates the Edit, View, Mass, Score and Reports menus. To see a description of the
available files, click on description, click on a file name, click OK, and the file description will appear.
(Note: This option is not yet complete.)
Note: To help you keep track of which database is open, the name of the database is added to the
title bar that appears at the top of the WMPT screen. For example, before a database is open, the title bar
reads "Waste Minimization Prioritization Tool." After the CHEMICAL.MDB file is opened, the title bar
reads "Waste Minimization Prioritization Tool - CHEMICAL.MDB."
2.2.2 Closing a Database
To close a database, select Close from the File menu. This will close the open file.
2.2.3 Saving a Database
To save a database, select Save from the File menu. This saves the open database under it's
current name.
2.2.4 Renaming a Database
To rename or save a database under a new name, select Save As from the File menu. Enter a new
name for the database in the space provided and click on OK. This saves the open database under a new
name. Click on CANCEL to exit Save As without saving the database under a new name.
2.2.5 Adding a Mass Data Table
You can add chemical mass data to the WMPT system by selecting Add Mass Data from the File
menu. The What Is Mass Data screen appears and explains how the mass data can be broken down into
various levels of aggregation (e.g., by SIC code, EPA Region). After you have read the information, click
on NEXT to advance to the next screen. Click on CANCEL to exit the Add Mass Data procedure.
After clicking on NEXT in the What Is Mass Data screen, a screen appears which asks how the
mass data will be incorporated. Click on one of the following options to select the method by which the
mass data will be incorporated:
• Attach to an existing database or spreadsheet;
• Import a CSV file; and
• Type in data manually.
Each of these options starts a series of screens that guide you through the process of adding mass
data to the WMPT. After selecting one of the options, click on NEXT to advance to the first step of the
selected option. Click on BACK to go back to die What Is Mass Data screen. Click on CANCEL to exit
the Add Mass Data procedure. Each of the options for adding mass data is described in detail in the
following subsections.
Attaching To An Existing Database or Spreadsheet
If the mass data is contained within an existing database table or spreadsheet, WMPT allows you
to attach to that external data file. Before attaching to the data file, you must know the name of the specific
table or worksheet, the location and name of the database or spreadsheet file, and the specific type of file
you are attaching to (e.g., Access®, dBase IV®). NOTE: This database table or spreadsheet must
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CHAPTER 2: USING WMPT 1.0
contain specific column or field formats so that WMPT can utilize the data that is contained in the
external source. Exhibit 2-6 contains the required formats for the external database table or spreadsheet.
The steps for attaching to an existing database or spreadsheet are listed below:
Step 1 - Naming the Attachment File;
Step 2 - Defining Attachment Parameters;
Step 3 - Locating the Attachment File;
Step 4 - Identifying Mass Data Field Names; and
Step 5 - Confirming the Attachment.
EXHIBIT 2-6
External Mass Data Required Field/Column Names and Formats
Mass Data Element
Mass Data Record Number*
Mass Amount*
Chemical CAS Number*
Waste Stream Identifier
EPA Facility Code
SIC Code
State Code (e.g., AZ)
EPA Region Number
Required Field/Column Name
MASSED
MASS
CASNUMBER
WASTESTREAM
EPAID
SICCODE
STATE
REGION
Required Field/Column Format
Numeric Long (1 - 2,147,483,647)
Numeric Single
Numeric Long
Numeric Integer (0 - 255)
Text (12 characters)
Numeric Integer •
Text (2 characters)
Numeric Integer
* The database table or spreadsheet MUST have a unique mass id for each mass record in the table or spreadsheet.
Each mass record must also contain a CAS number. The remaining optional data elements are listed in order of
decreasing aggregation.
Attaching to an External Source Step 1 - Naming the Attachment File
The Name and Description screen is shown in Exhibit 2-7. Create a name for the attachment file
that the WMPT will use to identify the mass data table or spreadsheet when switching from one set of mass
data to another (see Section 2.2.6, Switching to Another Mass Data Table) by clicking on the space to the
right of Name: and entering a mass data name. As an option, you can also enter a description of the mass
data in the space below Description by clicking and entering in the description.
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EXHIBIT 2-7
Name and Description Screen
L«3RW>^W
New mass data from TRI
After naming the mass data, click on NEXT to advance to the next step. NOTE: You must enter a
mass data name before advancing to the next step. To go back to the addition option selection screen, click
on BACK. Click on CANCEL to exit the Add Mass Data procedure.
Attaching to An External Source Step 2 - Defining Attachment Parameters
The Attachment Parameters screen is shown in Exhibit 2-8. Select the type of database or
spreadsheet to attach to by clicking in the space to the right of Type of database to be attached: or clicking
on HI and selecting the appropriate file type. Next, type the name of the table or worksheet to be attached
in the space to the right of Name of table or sheet to be attached. If required, enter the data table name or
worksheet title.
After selecting the file type and the database table or spreadsheet worksheet table name, click on
NEXT to advance to the next step. NOTE: You must enter the name of the table or worksheet before
advancing to the next step. To go back to Step 1, Naming the Attachment File, click on BACK. Click on
CANCEL to exit the Add Mass Data procedure.
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EXHIBIT 2-8
Attachment Parameters Screen
Attaching to An External Source Step 3 - Locating the Attachment File
The Attachment File Name screen is shown in Exhibit 2-9. Select the location of the database or
spreadsheet file that contains the table or worksheet named in Step 1 by selecting the appropriate drive and
folder. A list of file names of the type specified in Step 2 appears below the File Name area on the upper
left side of the screen. Next, select the database or spreadsheet file by double-clicking on the file name or
by clicking once on the file name and clicking on NEXT. NOTE: You must select the name of the
database or spreadsheet before advancing to the next step.
You can view all files contained in the selected location by clicking once in the space below the
List File of Type area in the lower left side of the screen and selecting "*.*" from the drop-down menu.
This space contains the file extension of the type specified in Step 2 by default. You may also click on the
S to the right of the space to display the list.
After selecting the database or spreadsheet by clicking once on the file name and clicking on
NEXT or double-clicking on the file name, you will be advanced to the Step 4. To go back to Step 2,
Defining Attachment Parameters, click on BACK. Click on CANCEL to exit the Add Mass Data
procedure.
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EXHIBIT 2-9
Attachment File Name Screen
massattrndb
MHHHnflRB
rrassattmdb
jl clusters
osw
g| massdata
p: \SERG-HER\PROJECTS\...
Attaching to an External Source Step 4 - Identifying Mass Data Field Names
The Identify Fields screen is shown in Exhibit 2-10. Identify the field names contained in the
external data table or spreadsheet for each mass data element by clicking on the empty box to the right of
each data element name. A drop-down list of all available field names appears. You can also activate the
drop-down list by clicking on the SH to the right of the box. The external data source must contain
specific column or field names and formats so that WMPT can recognize the data that is contained in the
source. Exhibit 2-6 contains the required field names and formats for the external data source. Select the
appropriate field name by clicking on it. The drop-down list will disappear and the field name will appear
in the box. NOTE: You MUST identify field names for the mass and CAS number data elements. The
remaining data elements are optional. The WMPT will only recognize those data elements that are
identified with a data table or spreadsheet field name.
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EXHIBIT 2-10
Identify Fields Screen
You can automatically clear all of the field names identified for the mass data elements by clicking
on RESET. After all of the appropriate field names are identified, click on NEXT to advance to Step 5.
NOTE: You must identify at least the mass and CAS number data element fields before advancing to the
next step. To go back to Step 3, Locating the Attachment File, click on BACK. Click on CANCEL to exit
the Add Mass Data procedure.
Attaching to An External Source Step 5 - Confirming the Attachment
Review the information contained in the Confirmation screen shown in Exhibit 2-11 to verify that
the correct mass data is selected to be attached. The following information are numbered and displayed in
the Confirmation screen:
1. How will mass data be obtained - lists the selected mass data incorporation option (e.g., Attach to
an existing database or spreadsheet).
2. Selected Level of Data Resolution - lists the following levels of data resolution potentially
contained in the attached database:
a. EPA Region ID;
b. State Code;
c. SIC Code;
d. Facility EPA ID;
e. Waste Stream ID; and
f. Chemical CAS Number.
Each one of the resolution levels is labeled with a "Yes" or "No," corresponding to the data
contained in the attached database or spreadsheet.
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CHAPTER 2: USING WMPT 1.0
3. Type of database to be attached - lists the database or spreadsheet file type selected in Step 2,
Defining Attachment Parameters.
4. Name of table to be attached - lists the name of the data table or worksheet selected in Step 2,
Defining Attachment Parameters.
5. File name - lists the name and location of the database or spreadsheet selected in Step 3, Locating
the Attachment File.
EXHIBIT 2-11
Confirmation Screen
I Add Mass Dsta
1. How will Mass data he obtained:
2, Selected Level of Data Resolution:
tach to a/Database w'Spfeadsheet^
2a. EPA Region ID
2b. State Code
2c. SIC Code
2d. Facility
2e. Waste Stream ID
2f. Chemical CAS M umber
3. Type or Database to be attached:
4. Name of table to be attached:
REMGTEMASSDATA
5. Filename:
If any of the information is incorrect, you can return to the previous steps by clicking on BACK
and repeating the process. Click on CANCEL to exit the Add Mass Data procedure without attaching to
the selected database or spreadsheet..
If all of the information listed on the Confirmation screen is correct, click on FINISH to attach to
the selected database or spreadsheet. The Mass Data - Modify screen appears, displaying the mass data
that is contained in the attached data source. The Mass Data - Modify screen and its functions are
discussed in detail in Section 2.3.4, Editing Mass Data.
Importing a CSV File
A *.CSV file is a comma-separated-value file. This type of file can be created in most database
and spreadsheet applications by saving an existing database or spreadsheet as a *.CSV file. If the mass
data is contained within a *.CSV file, WMPT allows you to create a data table in the system and import the
mass data into that table. Before importing the data, you must know the location and name of the *.CSV
file. NOTE: The *.CSV file must contain specific column or field names and formats so that
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CHAPTER 2: USING WMPT 1.0
WMPT can recognize the data that is contained in the file. Exhibit 2-12 contains the required field
names and formats for the external database table or spreadsheet.
EXHIBIT 2-12
External Mass Data Required Field/Column Names and Formats
Mass Data Element
Mass Data Record Number*
Mass Amount*
Chemical CAS Number*
Waste Stream Identifier
EPA Facility Code
SIC Code
State Code (e.g., AZ)
EPA Reaion Number
Required Field/Column Name
MASSE)
MASS
CASNUMBER
WASTESTREAM
EPAID
SICCODE
STATE
REGION
Required Field/Column Format
Numeric Long (1 - 2,147,483,647)
Numeric Single
Numeric Long
Numeric Integer (0 - 255)
Text (12 characters)
Numeric Integer
Text (2 characters)
Numeric Inteeer
The steps for importing a *.CSV file are listed below:
Step 1 - Naming the Import File;
Step 2 - Identifying the Level of Data Resolution;
Step 3 - Locating the Imported File; and
Step 4 - Confirming the Import.
Importing a *. CSV File Step 1 - Naming the Import File
The Name and Description screen is shown in Exhibit 2-7. Create a name for the import file that
the WMPT will use to identify the mass data table when switching from one set of mass data to another
(see Section 2.2.6, Switching to Another Mass Data Table) by clicking on the space to the right of Name:
and entering a mass data name. As an option, you can also enter a description of the mass data in the space
below Description by clicking and entering in the description.
After naming the mass data, click on NEXT to advance to the next step. NOTE: You must enter a
mass data name before advancing to the next step. To go back to the addition option selection screen, click
on BACK. Click on CANCEL to exit the Import Mass Data procedure.
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Importing a *.CSV File Step 2 - Identifying the Level of Data Resolution
The Identify the Level of Data Resolution screen is shown in Exhibit 2-13. Select the desired data
resolution (i.e., level of detail) of the mass data to be imported by clicking on each box located to the right
of the resolution level at the bottom of the screen. A 'V" will appear in the box when the level is selected.
You can select any of the optional data resolution levels, even if they are not currently contained in the
*.CSV file. The WMPT will create fields in the mass data table in which you can enter the missing data
manually (refer to Section 2.5.2 for more detail on editing mass data). Optional resolution levels include:
Wastestream Identifiers, EPA Facility Codes, SIC Codes, State Codes, and EPA Region Numbers. The
*.CSV file MUST contain Mass Data Record Numbers, Mass Amounts, and CAS Numbers in order to be
successfully imported. The *.CSV file must also contain the required field names and formats listed in
Exhibit 2-12.
EXHIBIT 2-13
Identify the Level of Data Resolution Screen
After selecting the desired data resolution for the mass data, click on NEXT to advance to the next
step. NOTE: You must select at least the CAS Number resolution level before advancing to the next step.
To go back to the addition option selection screen, click on BACK. Click on CANCEL to exit the Import
Mass Data procedure.
Importing a *.CSV File Step 3 - Locating the Imported File
Select the location of the *.CSV that contains the mass data to be imported by selecting the
appropriate drive and folder. A list of *.CSV file names appears below the File Name area on the upper
left side of the screen. Next, select the file by double-clicking on the file name or by clicking once on the
file name and clicking on NEXT. NOTE: You must select a *.CSV file before advancing to the next step.
You can view all files contained in the selected location by clicking once in the space below the
List File of Type area in the lower left side of the screen and selecting "*.*" from the drop-down menu.
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This space contains the file extension of the type specified in Step 1 by default. You may also click on the
Jil to the right of the space to display the list.
After selecting the *.CSV file by clicking once on the file name and clicking on NEXT or double-
clicking on the file name, you will be advanced to the Step 3. To go back to Step 1, Naming the Import
File, click on BACK. Click on CANCEL to exit the Import Mass Data procedure.
Importing a *.CSV File Step 4 - Confirming the Import
Review the information contained in the Confirmation screen shown in Exhibit 2-11 to verify that
the correct mass data is selected to be imported. The following information are numbered and displayed in
the Confirmation screen:
1. How will mass data be obtained - lists the selected mass data incorporation option (e.g. Import a
*.CSV file).
2. Selected Level of Data Resolution - lists the following levels of data resolution potentially
contained in the imported file:
a. EPA Region ID;
b. State Code;
c. SIC Code;
d. Facility EPA ID;
e. Waste Stream ID; and
f. Chemical CAS Number.
Each one of the resolution levels is labeled with a "Yes" or "No," corresponding to the selections
made in Step 2. NOTE: The *.CSV file must contain the field/column names and formats
specified in Exhibit 2-12 in order for WMPT to import data contained in each of the resolution
levels.
3. Type of database to be attached - Not applicable for *.CSV imports.
4. Name of table to be attached - Not applicable for *.CSV imports.
5. File name - lists the name and location of the *.CSV file selected in Step 3, Locating the Imported
File
If any of the information is incorrect, you can return to the previous steps by clicking on BACK
and repeating the process. Click on CANCEL to exit the Import Mass Data procedure without importing
the *.CSV mass data.
If all of the information listed on the Confirmation screen is correct, click on FINISH to import the
selected *.CSV file mass data. A confirmation screen appears indicating the number of mass records that
were imported. Click on OK. The Mass Data - Modify screen appears, displaying the mass data that was
imported from the *.CSV file. The Mass Data - Modify screen and its functions are discussed in detail in
Section 2.3.4, Editing Mass Data.
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Manually Entering In Data
You can manually enter mass data into the WMPT. The system will create a blank data table that
contains the necessary fields according to a selected level of data resolution. The steps for creating the
mass data table are listed below:
Step 1 - Naming the Mass Data Table;
Step 2 - Identifying the Level of Data Resolution; and
Step 3 - Confirming the Mass Data Table.
Creating a Mass Data Table Step 1 - Naming the Mass Data Table
The Name and Description screen is shown in Exhibit 2-7. Create a name for the mass data table
that the WMPT will use to identify the table when switching from one set of mass data to another (see
Section 2.2.6, Switching to Another Mass Data Table) by clicking on the space to the right of Name: and
entering a mass data name. As an option, you can also enter a description of the mass data in the space
below Description by clicking and entering in the description.
After naming the mass data, click on NEXT to advance to the next step. NOTE: You must enter a
mass data name before advancing to the next step. To go back to the addition option selection screen, click
on BACK. Click on CANCEL to exit the Create Mass Data Table procedure.
Creating a Mass Data Table Step 2 - Identifying the Level of Data Resolution
The Identify Level of Data Resolution screen is shown in Exhibit 2-13. Select the desired data
resolution (i.e., level of detail) of the mass data to be manually entered by clicking on each box located to
the right of the resolution level at the bottom of the screen. A V" will appear in the box when the level is
selected. The WMPT will create fields in the mass data table in which you can enter the data manually
(refer to Section 2.3.4 for more detail on editing mass data). You must select CAS Number as a minimum
level of data resolution. Optional resolution levels include Wastestream Identifiers, EPA Facility Codes,
SIC Codes, State Codes, and EPA Region Numbers.
After selecting the desired resolution for the mass data, click on NEXT to advance to the next step.
NOTE: You must select at least the CAS Number data resolution level before advancing to the next step.
To go back to the addition option selection screen, click on BACK. Click on CANCEL to exit the Create
Mass Data Table procedure.
Creating a Mass Data Table Step 3 - Confirming the Mass Data Table
Review the information contained in the Confirmation screen shown in Exhibit 2-11 to verify that
the mass data table is created according to the desired specifications. The following information are
numbered and displayed in the Confirmation screen:
1. How will mass data be obtained - lists the selected mass data incorporation option (e.g. Manual
Key Entry).
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2. Selected Level of Data Resolution - lists the following levels of data resolution potentially
contained in the mass data table:
a. EPA Region ID;
b. State Code;
c. SIC Code;
d. Facility EPA ID;
e. Waste Stream ED; and
f. Chemical CAS Number.
Each one of the resolution levels is labeled with a "Yes" or "No," corresponding to the selections
made in Step 2.
3. Type of database to be attached - Not applicable for mass data table creation.
4. Name of table to be attached - Not applicable for mass data table creation.
5. File name - Not applicable for mass data table creation.
If any of the information is incorrect, you can return to the previous steps by clicking on BACK
and repeating the process. Click on CANCEL to exit the Create Mass Data Table procedure without
creating the mass data table.
If all of the information listed on the Confirmation screen is correct, click on FINISH to create the
mass data table. The Mass Data - Modify screen appears, displaying an empty mass data table that was
created in the system. The Mass Data - Modify screen and its functions are discussed in detail in Section
2.3.4, Editing Mass Data.
2.2.6 Switch to Another Mass Data Table
You can switch from one attached, imported, or manually-entered mass data table to another by
selecting Switch Mass Tables from the File menu. The Mass Tables screen shown in Exhibit 2-14 appears
and displays information on the currently active mass data table. The name of the currently active mass
data table is always displayed on the WMPT main title bar following the open database name (e.g.,
CHEMICAL.MDB/SAMPLE). The Mass Table area at the top of the Mass Table screen contains the
current mass data ID number as well as the status for the data table. The currently active data table is listed
with "True" to the right of Current: in the Mass Table area. The Name and Description area just below
the Mass Table area contains the name and any descriptive text that was entered in Step 1 of the Add Mass
Data procedures described in Section 2.5.1. At the bottom of the Mass Table screen is the Data
Resolution area. In this area the possible levels of mass data resolution are listed. To the right of each
level is either the mass data field name or "" if there was no field name identified for that
resolution level in the Add Mass Data procedure.
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EXHIBIT 2-14
Mass Table Screen
To switch from the active mass data table to another attached, imported, or manually entered mass
data table, click on the box or the HHl located to the right of ID: to activate the drop-down list of available
mass data table ID numbers. Select an ID number by clicking on it. The number will appear in the box
and the drop-down list will disappear. The information for the selected mass data ID number is displayed
in the Name and Description and Data Resolution areas. To make the selected mass data the active mass
data in the WMPT, click on MAKE CURRENT located in the Mass Table area. The Current: status
changes from "False" to "True" and a confirmation screen appears. Click on OK to close this screen.
To delete an attached, imported, or manually-entered mass data table, select an inactive mass ID
number and then click DELETE located in the Mass Tables area to the right of MAKE CURRENT.
NOTE: Both the MAKE CURRENT and DELETE buttons are not functional until an inactive mass data
ID number is selected. Click on CLOSE to exit the Mass Tables screen.
2.2.7 Exit from WMPT
To exit WMPT, select Exit from the File menu. This will exit the WMPT and return you to your
operating system. If any changes have been made to WMPT database, you will be prompted to save
changes, cancel, or exit WMPT without saving any changes.
2.3 EDITING DATA (EDIT MENU)
This section describes how to use the WMPT Edit menu to add chemicals, add or revise chemical
data, and add or revise fencelines. The Edit menu contains the commands listed in Exhibit 2-15.
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EXHIBIT 2-15
Edit Menu Commands
Command
Chemical Data
Fencelines
Chemical Synonyms
Mass Data
Chemical Lists
Description
Edit chemical data by CAS number, chemical name, chemical list, or
RCRA code.
Edit factor scoring fencelines.
Edit available chemical synonyms.
Edit mass data detail or mass data summary.
Edit or create new chemical lists.
Each of the Edit menu commands are discussed in detail in the following subsections.
2.3.1 Editing Chemical Data
Selecting Chemicals to be Edited
You can edit WMPT chemical data by selecting Chemicals from the Edit menu. Select
chemical(s) to edit by clicking on one of the following secondary menus:
• Select By CAS Number,
• Select By Chemical Name;
• Select A Chemical List; and
Select By RCRA Code.
Select a chemical to edit using a CAS number by choosing Select By CAS Number. The Select a
Chemical screen shown in Exhibit 2-16 will appear. Notice the screen contains two parts, Selected
Chemical and Chemical CAS Numbers. You can choose a specific chemical to edit by typing the CAS
number in the space provided in the Chemical CAS Numbers area. As you type in the CAS number, the
list of available WMPT CAS numbers appears. Select the desired CAS number from the list when it
appears by clicking on it once. Alternatively, you can use the scroll bar located to the right of the list to
move up and down through the list of CAS numbers. Click on HI to move up one line or click on the
shaded area just below the 9 to page up. Click on JS to move down one line or click on the shaded area
just above the 13 to page down. After you select a CAS number, both the CAS number and the
corresponding chemical name appear in the Selected Chemical area.
Select a chemical to edit using chemical names by choosing Select By Chemical Name. The Select
a Chemical screen will appear. For the Select by Chemical Name, the screen shown in Exhibit 2-16
appears with chemical names in the lower half of the screen rather than CAS numbers. You can choose a
specific chemical to edit by typing the chemical name in the space provided in the Chemicals in Database
area. As you type in the chemical name, the list of available WMPT chemical names appears. Select the
desired chemical name from the list when it appears by clicking on it once. Alternatively, you can use the
scroll bar located to the right of the list to move up and down through the list of chemical names. Click on
JH to move up one line or click on the shaded area just below the SH to page up. Click on HI to move
down one line or click on the shaded area just above the IB to page down. After you select a chemical
name, both the chemical name and corresponding CAS number appear in the Selected Chemical area.
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EXHIBIT 2-16
Select a Chemical Screen
(Select by CAS Number Option)
50691
50704
50782
50817
50895
50997
51218
51285
51434
51752
51196
Edit all chemicals contained in a WMPT chemical list by choosing Select A Chemical List. The
Select a List of Chemicals screen will appear with a list of all WMPT chemical lists. You can use the
scroll bar located to the right of the list to move up and down through the available chemical lists. Click
on HH to move up one line or click on the shaded area just below the H to page up. Click on HI to move
down one line or click on the shaded area just above the lH to page down. Select a list of chemicals by
clicking on the desired list name. After you select a chemical list, the list name appears at the top of the
screen. For a more detailed description on how to create a WMPT chemical list, see Defining Chemical
Lists, Section 2.3.5.
Edit all chemicals associated with a specific RCRA code by choosing Select By RCRA Code. The
Select Chemicals by RCRA Code screen will appear with a list of all WMPT RCRA codes and RCRA code
descriptions. You can use the scroll bar to the right of the list to move up and down through the list of
RCRA codes. Click on JI3 to move up one line or click on the shaded area just below the HI to page up.
Click on SH to move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the HI to page down. Select a
RCRA code by clicking on the desired code.
Editing Selected Chemicals
After you choose a chemical or group of chemicals to edit, click on SELECT. The Edit Chemicals
screen shown in Exhibit 2-17 will appear with the CAS number and the name of the currently selected
chemical at the top of the screen. Tabs labeled for each of the WMPT scoring elements and several other
elements are also located at top of the screen. You can maneuver between the tabs by clicking on the
specific tab or by clicking on NEXT and BACK located at the bottom of the Edit Chemicals screen.
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EXHIBIT 2-17
Edit Chemicals Screen
0001336-36-3iiPolychlorinated biphenyls
Each Edit Chemicals tab contains all WMPT fenceline data elements used to calculate the
associated tab subscore. The subscore is displayed in the upper left side of the screen beneath the selected
CAS number and chemical name. To the right of the subscore is the data element relative quality, the
fenceline data element name, and the data element value for the selected chemical. To edit the data
element, click in the desired data element value box and type in the new value. Note: You cannot edit pre-
scored WMPT data elements and scores. These elements appear within a gray box and WMPT will not
allow you to change the value.
Note that red text is used to indicate the factors driving the tab subscore. For example, if log P is
displayed in red on the Bioaccumulation tab, the log P value for the selected chemical results in the highest
concern bioaccumulation score.
If you choose to edit data for a group of chemicals, the total number of chemicals in the group is
listed at the bottom left corner of the Edit Chemicals screen along with the number of the current chemical
displayed, for example, "1 of 69." To advance the display to the next chemical in the group, click on US
located to the right of the word "Chemical" at the bottom left of the screen. To go back to a chemical
within the group, click on the IS to the left of the word "Chemical." The currently displayed number will
change as you click on the left and right arrows. You can select either the first or the last chemical in the
group by clicking on H or Hi, respectively.
PRINT.
You can print the information on each of the tabs accessed using View Chemicals by clicking on
Note that after exiting and re-entering the Edit Chemicals screen, once a change has been made in
the chemical data for a chemical, a red warning notice appears, indicating that the chemical data for the
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selected chemical has been changed since the last scoring. This notice appears on all chemical data edit
and view screens until you rescore the WMPT.
Adding and Deleting Chemicals
You can add or delete a WMPT chemical by choosing either Select by CAS Number or Select by
Chemical Name from the Edit, Chemicals menu. The Select a Chemical screen shown in Exhibit 2-16
appears. To add a chemical, click on ADD NEW CHEMICAL located to the right of the list. Enter the
CAS number and name of the chemical and click OK. You also are provided with the option to enter a
chemical name without a CAS number and having the system generate a CAS number for you. You will
be returned to the Select a Chemical screen, where you can select the newly added chemical and enter
values for WMPT data elements. To delete a chemical from the WMPT, select the chemical to be deleted
from the chemical list on the Select a Chemical screen and click on DELETE CHEMICAL.
After you complete chemical editing, click on CLOSE. You will be returned to the Select a
Chemical, Select a List of Chemicals, or Select By RCRA Code screen. You may select another chemical
or group of chemicals to edit by repeating the process described above. If you are finished, click on
CLOSE again to return to the WMPT main menu. It is recommended that you save your database at this
time by selecting Save from the File menu or by clicking on the toolbar save icon.
2.3.2 Editing Fencelines (Thresholds)
You can edit the fencelines (threshold values) used by the WMPT to calculate the various
subscores for each chemical by selecting Fencelines from the Edit menu. The Edit Fencelines screen
shown in Exhibit 2-18 will appear. The Edit Fencelines screen is divided into five areas: Select a
Component, Select a Factor, Quality of the Data, Factor Scoring, and Method to be Used in Scoring.
You can edit WMPT scoring methodology and/or the fencelines applied to each data element contained by
a scoring component by choosing different selections from each portion of the Edit Fencelines screen as
described below. Some data elements have fenceline values that are calculated by WMPT. These
prescored fencelines cannot be edited. All fenceline editing features are disabled for prescored data
elements.
Select a Component
View the list of WMPT scoring components available for editing by clicking on the down arrow to
the right of the scoring component box in the Select a Component area. For example, Ecological Hazard is
a scoring component. Select a component to edit by clicking on the component name.
Select a Factor
Select a factor or data element to edit by clicking on the desired factor name in the Select a Factor
area of the screen. For example, if you would like to edit the fencelines applied to the Sediment Quality
Tier I (FCV) data in the Ecological Hazard subscore, click on "Sediment Quality Tier I (FCV)" in the
Select a Factor area.
You can also choose to delete a factor used in component scoring by clicking on DELETE at the
bottom of the Select a Factor area.
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EXHIBIT 2-18
Edit Fencelines Screen
Ecological Toxicity
Sediment Quality Tier I (FCV) [mg/L]
GLWQI Tier I FCV {mg/L}
Aquatic Water Quality Criteria: Chronic (mg/Ll
SCV based on GLwQI Tier II Methodology {mg/L}
GMATC for Most Sensitive Aquatic Species {mg/L}
PrescoredAQUIRE Chronic Data
Quality of Data
After selecting a factor, the relative data quality assigned to that factor is displayed graphically on
the thermometer bar labeled with data quality tick marks. This thermometer bar is located in the Quality of
the Data area of the Edit Fencelines screen. You can edit the data quality assigned to a factor by clicking
in the thermometer bar until the filled level corresponds to the desired data quality tick mark. For example,
if you would like to adjust the data quality assigned to the Sediment Quality Tier I (FCV) data in the
Ecological Hazard subscore to "Medium," you would click in the area to the left of the thermometer filled
level until it reaches the tick mark labeled "Medium."
Factor Scoring
You can redefine how the WMPT calculates a "High," "Medium," or "Low" score for each factor
by editing the operands in the Factor Scoring area. A factor is assigned a relative score of "High" when
the value for a selected factor meets the criteria assigned by the operand and value displayed to the right of
"Scored High When." A factor is assigned a relative score of "Low" when the value for a selected factor
meets the criteria assigned by the operand and value displayed to the right of "Scored Low When." A
factor is assigned a relative score of "Medium" when the value for a selected factor falls between the
"Scored High When" and "Scored Low When" criteria.
You can edit factor scoring by modifying the operands in the Factor Scoring area. To view the list
of available operands, click on IH next to the displayed operand. Available operands include greater than,
less than, equal to, greater than or equal to, less than or equal to, and not equal to. Select an operand by
clicking on the desired operand from the displayed list.
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Fenceline values that are calculated by the WMPT cannot be edited. These values appear in the
grey box next to the corresponding operands in the Factor Scoring area. You can edit the constant values
to which the operands are applied by following the direction described below in the Method to Be Used in
Scoring section.
Method to be Used in Scoring
You can edit the specific factor fenceline values within the Method to be Used in Scoring area,
located at the bottom of the Edit Fencelines screen. Edit a specific fenceline constant value by selecting
Constant Values and entering the desired values in the boxes to the right. Alternatively, WMPT will
calculate the fenceline values by dividing the data contained in the WMPT database into thirds by selecting
Range of Values in Database, divided into 3rds or by using a data distribution you input after selecting the
Distribution of Values in Database, using:. After selecting one of these options to calculate the fencelines,
click on CALCULATE located to the right of the Low-Medium box for the selected option. To reverse
which fenceline is used to define the High-Medium and Low-Medium scores, click on REVERSE located
to the right of the CALCULATE button for the selected option.
Applying Fenceline Edits
Note that after editing any fenceline values, a warning appears in red indicating that the selected
Fenceline has been changed since the last scoring. This warning will appear on all editing and viewing
screens until you rescore the WMPT. After you complete all desired fenceline edits, click on CLOSE
located at the bottom of the Edit Fencelines screen. It is recommended that you rescore and save the
database at this time. To rescore the database, follow the instructions located in Section 2.5. Save the
database by selecting Save from the File menu or by clicking on the toolbar save icon.
2.3.3 Editing Chemical Synonyms
Add or delete chemical synonyms or reset the chemical name used by the WMPT by selecting
Chemical Synonyms from the Edit menu. The Edit Chemical Synonyms screen shown in Exhibit 2-19 is
shown. Notice the screen is divided into two areas: Chemical Names and Alternate Chemical Names for
{CAS number]. Specify the chemical with a synonym you would like to edit by typing the chemical name
in the space provided in the Chemical Names area. As you type in the name, the list of available WMPT
chemical names appears in the area below the box. Select the chemical from the list when it appears by
clicking on it once. Alternatively, you can use the scroll bar located to the right of the list to move up and
down through the list of chemical names. Click on HI to move up one line or click on the shaded area just
below the isl to page up. Click on SI to move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the
H to page down. After you select a chemical, synonyms for that chemical are displayed in the Alternate
Chemical Names for {CAS number] area (the specific CAS number for the selected chemical appears in
the area title).
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EXHIBIT 2-19
Edit Chemical Synonyms Screen
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloropropane
1,1,1,2-Telrafluoroeftane
1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-[3-(oxirani)lmethoxii)pf opyl]trisiloxane
1,1,1 /3,5,7,7,7-Octamethyl-3,5-bis[3-oxiranylmelho!!i)]propyl3tetrasilox
1,1,1,3-Tetrachloropropane
1,1,1-Tiichloroelhane
1,1,1-Tnchloroemane
Methyl chloroform
To add a synonym for the selected chemical, click on ADD SYNONYM and enter the new
chemical name. To delete a synonym for a selected chemical name, select the synonym to be deleted and
click on DELETE SYNONYM. You cannot delete a primary chemical name (i.e., the chemical name that
is used by the WMPT). To change the primary name from one synonym to another, select the desired
synonym and then click on RENAME CHEMICAL.
After you complete all desired edits to the chemical synonyms, click on the CLOSE. It is
recommended that you save the database at this time by selecting Save from the File menu or by clicking
on the toolbar save icon.
2.3.4 Editing Mass Data
You can edit data in the current mass file by selecting Mass Data from the Edit menu. After
selecting this option, an introductory mass data editing text screen appears. You can choose to not display
this introductory screen again by clicking in the box next to "Don't display this screen again." Click OK
in the introductory screen to access the Mass Data - Modify screen shown in Exhibit 2-20. The mass data
shown in Exhibit 2-20 corresponds to that in the current mass data table. You can use the scroll bar
located to the right of the data to move up and down through the available data. Use the scroll bar at the
bottom of the data to view all columns or fields in the mass data file.
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EXHIBIT 2-20
Mass Data - Modify Screen
|"1 Mass Dsta - Modify
Edit the data displayed in the Mass Data - Modify screen by clicking and highlighting a data item
and then entering the revised information using your keyboard. Note that any revisions made using the
mass data edit option take effect immediately after entering the change. These edits are PERMANENT.
The original data can only be recovered by exiting WMPT without saving any changes.
Printing, Exporting, and Deriving EPA Region
The Mass Data - Modify screen includes an Options menu that allows you to print the mass data,
export the mass data to a CSV file, and derive the EPA region from the state information contained in the
mass data. Each of the Options menu items is described in more detail in the subsections below.
Print
Send the mass data file directly to a printer by selecting Print from the Options menu in the Mass
Data - Modify screen. After selecting print, you are prompted to enter a title that will appear at the top of
every page printed. You can also specify the number of copies of the mass table to be printed and select
either portrait or landscape page orientation. After completing your selections, click OK to print the mass
data table or CANCEL to cancel printing. Note that after selecting OK, the mass data table is sent directly
to your default windows printer, no additional printer selections are made nor is the printout sent to a print
preview screen.
Export
Export the mass data table to a comma-separated value (CSV) file by selecting Export from the
Options menu in the Mass Data - Modify screen. Comma-separated value files can be easily imported into
many spreadsheet, database, and word processing applications. Enter a name for the CSV file and specify
the destination for the exported file in the space provided. Click OK to export the mass data table as a
CSV file to the specified destination or click CANCEL to exit the exporting procedure.
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Derive Region
WMPT can populate region information in the current mass data table. To have WMPT populate
region information, select Derive Resion from the Options menu of the Mass Data - Modify screen. The
current mass data table MUST contain state information and MUST contain a region column or field.
Click YES and WMPT will populate the region field or column in your mass data table. Click NO to exit
the derive region option.
2.3.5 Editing and Creating Chemical Lists
You can edit chemical lists by selecting Chemical Lists from the Edit menu. Select to edit or
create chemical lists by clicking on one of the following secondary menus:
• Edit Existing Chemical List; or
• Create a New Chemical List.
Edit Existing Chemical List
After selecting Edit Existing Chemical List from the Chemical Lists menu, the screen shown in
Exhibit 2-21 appears. You can now choose to modify an existing list, delete an existing list, or cancel edit
chemical list activities.
EXHIBIT 2-21
Edit Existing Chemical List Screen
Modify an existing chemical list by clicking and highlighting the list name and clicking MODIFY
LIST. A screen that allows you to sort the display of chemical list members and all other available
chemicals by chemical name or CAS number appears. Select either "Sort Chemicals by CAS Number" or
"Sort Chemicals by Chemical Name" and click NEXT.
A screen that allows you to optionally filter the selected chemical list to show only those chemicals
that meet specified criteria appears. You can filter the list by chemical RCRA Code associations or by
another chemical attribute. To view all chemicals available to add to or delete from the chemical list,
select "Do Not Filter" and click NEXT. To create a filter, select either "Filter by RCRA Code" or "Filter
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by a Chemical Attribute" and click NEXT. Each of these filters are described in more detail in the
subsections below.
Filter by a Chemical Attribute
After selecting the option to filter by a chemical attribute, click NEXT. The screen shown in
Exhibit 2-22 appears. Apply filtering criteria to select a subset of the WMPT chemicals to be viewed,
added, and/or deleted from the selected chemical list. To create filtering criteria, first click in the empty
box below Available Chemical Attributes to display an alphabetical list of available chemical properties.
Select the desired chemical attribute by clicking on it. Next, click in the empty box below Operator to
display the list of available operators. Select the desired operator by clicking on it, and key enter the value
to which the operator will be applied in the empty box below Compare Value. For example, to view the
list of chemicals with reference dose concentrations less than 1 mg/kg/day, click on the Operator box next
to the "Reference Dose (RfD), mg/kg/day" field and select the less than (<) operator. Click inside the
Comparison Value box to the right of the Operator box and type "1."
Click on NEXT to view the WMPT chemicals in the list sorted by either CAS number or chemical
name, and filtered according to the criteria defined in this step. The screen shown in Exhibit 2-23 appears
and displays the CAS number, chemical name, and a column indicating whether or not each chemical is a
member of the selected list. In addition, the screen displays the filtered chemical property data that was
selected in the Chemical List Filtering screen. This data is displayed in the column titled "Filter."
EXHIBIT 2-22
Chemical List Filtering Screen
Reference Dose (RfD), mg/kg/daj>
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EXHIBIT 2-23
Chemical List Members Screen
to
The list of chemicals is displayed with all chemicals are meet the defined filtering criteria. You can
use the scroll bar located to the right of the list to move up and down through the available chemicals.
Click on 9 to move up one line or click on the shaded area just below the Hi to page up. Click on
move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the lH to page down. Include all displayed
chemicals in a chemical list by clicking SELECT ALL, or click to highlight a chemical name and click
SELECT/REMOVE to change the membership designation to yes or no, respectively. Alternatively,
double click in the membership column to change a chemical's membership designation to yes or no. All
the filtered chemicals designated with a yes will be added to the defined chemical list. After completing
chemical list modifications, click FINISH to save your changes and return to the WMPT main menu.
Filter by RCRA Code
After selecting the option to filter by RCRA code, click NEXT. The screen shown in Exhibit 2-24
appears. Select whether the RCRA code of interest is a wastewater or non-wastewater stream and enter the
desired RCRA code number.
Click NEXT to view the members of the selected chemical list that are associated with the RCRA
code you entered, sorted by either CAS number or chemical name. A screen similar to that shown in
Exhibit 2-23 appears and displays the CAS number, chemical name, and a column indicating whether or
not each chemical is a member of the selected list. In addition, the screen displays the RCRA code chosen
in the Filter by RCRA Code screen. This code is displayed in the column titled "Filter."
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EXHIBIT 2-24
Filter By RCRA Code Screen
The list of all chemicals that are members of the selected list and associated with the selected
RCRA code sorted by CAS number is displayed. You can use the scroll bar located to the right of the list
to move up and down through the available chemicals. Click on Hi to move up one line or click on the
shaded area just below the 19 to page up. Click on SI to move down one line or click on the shaded area
just above the M to page down. Update a chemical's membership in the list by clicking to highlight a
chemical name and clicking SELECT/REMOVE to change the membership designation to yes or no.
Alternatively, double click in the membership column to change a chemical's membership designation to
yes or no. Include all displayed chemicals in a chemical list by clicking SELECT ALL. After completing
chemical list modifications, click FINISH to save your changes and return to the WMPT main menu.
Create a New Chemical List
After selecting Create a New Chemical List from the Chemical Lists menu, WMPT guides you
through the process of adding a list using the following steps:
1. Enter a name for the new chemical list in the space provided. This name can include special
characters such as blanks. Click on NEXT to advance to the next step, or CANCEL to cancel the
Create a New Chemical List process.
2. Enter a chemical list identifier. This list identifier must contain eight characters or less with no
blank spaces, for example "PCLIST" is the Prioritized Chemical List identifier. The list identifier
you enter is added as a field in the WMPT chemical database and contains "Yes" to indicate
WMPT chemicals included in the list or "No" to indicate WMPT chemicals not included in the
list. After you enter the list identifier, click on FINISH, or CANCEL to cancel the Create a New
Chemical List process.
3. Add chemicals to the new list using the WMPT database or by importing a list of CAS numbers
from a comma-separated value (CSV) file. Select one of these options and click OK to continue or
CANCEL to cancel the Create a New Chemical List process.
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Add Chemicals to the New List Using the WMPT Database
If you selected the option to create a new chemical list using the WMPT database in step 3, a
screen appears prompting you to choose to display the available WMPT chemicals sorted by chemical
name or CAS number. Select either "Sort Chemicals by CAS Number" or "Sort Chemicals by Chemical
Name" and click NEXT.
A screen that allows you to optionally filter the chemical list to show only those chemicals that
meet specified criteria appears. You can filter the list by chemical RCRA Code associations or by another
chemical attribute. To view all chemicals available to add to the chemical list, select "Do Not Filter" and
click NEXT. To create a filter, select either "Filter by RCRA Code" or "Filter by a Chemical Attribute"
and click NEXT. Each of these filters are described in more detail in the subsections below.
Filter by a Chemical Attribute
After selecting the option to filter by a chemical attribute, click NEXT. The screen shown in
Exhibit 2-22 appears. Apply filtering criteria to select a subset of the WMPT chemicals to be viewed and
added to the chemical list. To create filtering criteria, first click in the empty box below Available
Chemical Attributes to display an alphabetical list of available chemical properties. Select the desired
chemical attribute by clicking on it. Next, click in the empty box below Operator to display the list of
available operators. Select the desired operator by clicking on it, and key enter the value to which the
operator will be applied in the empty box below Compare Value. For example, to view the list of
chemicals with reference dose concentrations less than 1 mg/kg/day, click on the Operator box next to the
"Reference Dose (RfD), mg/kg/day" field and select the less than (<) operator. Click inside the
Comparison Value box to the right of the Operator box and type "1."
Click on NEXT to view the WMPT chemicals in the list sorted by either CAS number or chemical
name, and filtered according to the criteria defined in this step. The screen shown in Exhibit 2-23 appears
and displays the CAS number, chemical name, and column indicating whether or not each chemical is a
member of the new chemical list. In addition, the screen displays the filtered chemical property data that
was selected in the Chemical List Filtering screen. This data is displayed in the column titled "Filter."
The list of chemicals is displayed with all chemicals that meet the defined filtering criteria sorted
by either CAS number or chemical name is displayed. You can use the scroll bar located to the right of the
list to move up and down through the available chemicals. Click on Hi to move up one line or click on
the shaded area just below the 'iO& to page up. Click on SI to move down one line or click on the shaded
area just above the S to page down. Update a chemical's membership in the list by clicking to highlight
a chemical name and clicking SELECT/REMOVE to change the membership designation to yes or no,
respectively. Alternatively, double click in the membership column to change a chemical's membership
designation to yes or no. Include all displayed chemicals in a chemical list by clicking SELECT ALL.
After completing all additions to the new chemical list, click FINISH to save your new list and return to
the WMPT main menu.
Filter by RCRA Code
After selecting the option to filter by RCRA code, click NEXT. The screen shown in Exhibit 2-24
appears. Select whether the RCRA code of interest is a wastewater or non-wastewater stream and enter the
desired RCRA code number.
Click NEXT to view the WMPT chemicals of the selected chemical list that are associated with
the RCRA code you entered and sorted by either CAS number or chemical name. The screen similar to
that shown in Exhibit 2-23 appears and displays the CAS number, chemical name, and a column indicating
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whether or not each chemical is a member of the selected list. In addition, the screen displays the RCRA
code chosen in the filter by RCRA Code Screen. This code is displayed in the field named "Filter."
The list of chemicals that are associated with the selected RCRA code and sorted by either CAS
number or chemical name is displayed. You can use the scroll bar located to the right of the list to move
up and down through the available chemicals. Click on M! to move up one line or click on the shaded
area just below the Hi to page up. Click on H to move down one line or click on the shaded area just
above the JB to page down. Change a chemical's membership in the list by clicking to highlight a
chemical name and clicking SELECT/REMOVE to change the membership designation to yes or no,
respectively. Alternatively, double click in the membership column to change a chemical's membership
designation to yes or no. Include all displayed chemicals in a chemical list by clicking SELECT ALL.
After completing additions to the new chemical list, click FINISH to save your new list and return to the
WMPT main menu.
Import a Chemical List Using a Comma-Separated Value File Containing CAS Numbers
If you decided to create a new chemical list using a comma-separated value (CSV) file in step 3,
the Select a CSV File to Import screen appears. Enter the name of the desired CSV file in the File Name
area of the screen. Select the directory that contains the file from the Folders box. Click OK to import the
CAS numbers from the designated CSV file or CANCEL to exit the Select a CSV File to Import screen.
The first row of the CSV file to be imported must contain the word "CASNumber." In addition,
the file MUST have only one CAS number per row. Note that if the CSV file to be imported does not
meet these format criteria, the import operation will be unsuccessful.
2.4 VIEWING INFORMATION (VIEW MENU)
This section describes how to use the WMPT View menu to view chemical data, chemical scores,
and scoring factor fencelines. The View menu contains the commands listed in Exhibit 2-25.
EXHIBIT 2-25
View Menu Commands
Command
Chemical Data
Fencelines
Chemical Synonyms
Mass Data
Scores
Distribution of Scores
Description
Select chemical data to view by CAS number, chemical name, Chemical List,
or RCRA code.
View factor scoring fencelines.
View available chemical synonyms.
View mass data detail or mass data summary.
View chemical PBT scores by CAS number, chemical name, Chemical
or RCRA code.
View graphical distribution of chemical PBT scores for the Prioritized
Chemical List.
List,
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Note that WMPT does not allow you to edit any information displayed using the View menu. Refer to
Section 2.3, Editing Data, if you wish to edit WMPT information. Each View menu command is
discussed in detail in the following subsections.
2.4.1 Viewing Chemical Data
Selecting Chemicals to be Viewed
View WMPT chemical data by selecting Chemicals from the View menu. Select chemical(s) to
view by clicking on one of the following secondary menus:
• Select By CAS Number,
• Select By Chemical Name;
• Select A Chemical List; and
• Select By RCRA Code.
Select a chemical to view using a CAS number by choosing Select By CAS Number. The Select a
Chemical screen shown in Exhibit 2-16 will appear. This screen contains two parts, Selected Chemical
and Chemical CAS Numbers. You can choose a specific chemical to view by typing the CAS number in
the space provided in the Chemical CAS Numbers area. As you type in the CAS number, the list of
available WMPT CAS numbers appears. Select the desired CAS number from the list when it appears by
clicking on it once. Alternatively, you can use the scroll bar located to the right of the list to move up and
down through the list of CAS numbers. Click on Urn to move up one line or click on the shaded area just
below the HI to page up. Click on HI to move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the
HI! to page down. After you select a CAS number, both the CAS number and the corresponding chemical
name appear in the Selected Chemical area.
Select a chemical to view using chemical names by choosing Select By Chemical Name. The
Select a Chemical screen shown in Exhibit 2-16 will appear. This screen contains two parts, Selected
Chemical and Chemicals in Database. You can choose a specific chemical to view by typing the chemical
name in the space provided in the Chemicals in Database area. As you type in the chemical name, the list
of available WMPT chemical names appears. Select the desired chemical name from the list when it
appears by clicking on it once. Alternatively, you can use the scroll bar located to the right of the list to
move up and down through the list of chemical names. Click on lH to move up one line or click on the
shaded area just below the Hi to page up. Click on HI to move down one line or click on the shaded area
just above the HI to page down. After you select a chemical name, both the chemical name and
corresponding CAS number appear in the Selected Chemical area.
View all chemicals contained in a WMPT chemical list by choosing Select A Chemical List. The
Select a List of Chemicals screen will appear and display all available WMPT chemical lists. You can use
the scroll bar located to the right of the list to move up and down through the available chemical lists.
Click on H! to move up one line or click on the shaded area just below the HI to page up. Click on S to
move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the ill to page down. Select a list of chemicals
by clicking on the desired list name. After you select a chemical list, the list name appears at the top of the
screen. For a more detailed description on how to create a WMPT chemical list, see Editing and Creating
Chemical Lists, Section 2.3.5
View all chemicals associated with a specific RCRA code by choosing Select By RCRA Code.
The Select Chemicals by RCRA Code screen will appear and displays all available WMPT RCRA codes
and RCRA code descriptions. You can use the scroll bar to the right of the list to move up and down
though the list of RCRA codes. Click on 9 to move up one line or click on the shaded area just below
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the JH to page up. Click on JIB to move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the MS to
page down. Select a RCRA code by clicking on the desired code.
Viewing Selected Chemicals
After you choose a chemical or group of chemicals to view, click on SELECT. The View
Chemicals screen will appear with the CAS number and the name of the currently selected chemical at the
top of the screen. The View Chemicals screen is nearly identical to the Edit Chemicals screen shown in
Exhibit 2-17, except the View Chemicals information is displayed in gray boxes and cannot be edited.
Tabs labeled for each of the WMPT scoring elements and several other elements are also located at top of
the screen. You can maneuver between the tabs by clicking on the specific tab or by clicking on the NEXT
and BACK buttons located at the bottom of the View Chemicals screen.
Each View Chemicals tab contains all the WMPT fenceline data elements used to calculate the
associated tab subscore. The subscore is displayed in the upper left side of the screen beneath the selected
CAS number and chemical name. To the right of the subscore is the data element name, the data element
value, and the data element relative quality for the selected chemical. For example, the Bioaccumulation
tab lists available log P, bioaccumulation factor, and bioconcentration factor data for the selected chemical,
as well as the chemical bioaccumulation score.
Note that red text is used to indicate the factors driving the tab subscore. For example, if log P is
displayed in red on the Bioaccumulation tab, the log P value for the selected chemical results in the highest
concern bioaccumulation score.
If you chose to view data for a group of chemicals, the total number of chemicals in the group is
listed at the bottom left comer of the View Chemicals screen along with the number of the current chemical
displayed, for example, "1 of 69." To advance the display to the next chemical in the group, click on IS
located to the right of the word "Chemical" at the bottom left of the screen. To go back to a chemical
within the group, click on JHI to the left of the word "Chemical." The currently displayed number will
change as you click on the left and right arrows. You can select either the first or the last chemical in the
group by clicking on IS or US, respectively.
You can print the information on subscore tabs accessed using View Chemicals by clicking on
PRINT at the bottom of each tab.
2.4.2 Viewing Fencelines (Thresholds)
You can view the fencelines (threshold values) used by WMPT to calculate subscores for each
chemical by selecting Fencelines from the View menu. The View Fencelines screen appears. This screen
consists of five areas: Select a Component, Select a Factor, Quality of Data, Factor Scoring, and
Methodology to be Used in Scoring. The View Fencelines screen is nearly identical to the Edit Fencelines
screen shown in Exhibit 2-18, except the information is displayed in gray boxes and cannot be edited. You
can view WMPT scoring methodology and/or the fencelines applied to each scoring component data
element by choosing different selections from each portion of the View Fencelines screen as described
below.
Select a Component
View the list of WMPT scoring components by clicking on the down arrow to the right of the
scoring component box in the Select a Component area. For example, Ecological Hazard is a scoring
component. Select a component to edit by clicking on the component name.
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Select a Factor
Select a factor or data element by clicking on the desired factor name in the Select a Factor area of
the screen. For example, if you would like to view the fencelines applied to the Sediment Quality Tier I
(FCV) data in the Ecological Hazard subscore, click on "Sediment Quality Tier I (FCV)" in the Select a
Factor area.
Quality of the Data
After you select a factor, the relative data quality assigned to that factor is displayed graphically on
the thermometer bar labeled with data quality tick marks and located in the Quality of the Data area of the
screen.
Factor Scoring
The Factor Scoring area displays how the WMPT calculates a "High," "Medium," or "Low" score
for the selected factor. A factor is assigned a score of "High" when the value meets the criteria assigned by
the operand and value displayed to the right of "Scored High When." A factor is assigned a score of
"Low" when the value meets the criteria assigned by the operand and value displayed to the right of
"Scored Low When." A factor is assigned a score of "Medium" when the value falls between the "Scored
High When" and "Scored Low When" criteria.
Method to be Used in Scoring
View the specific factor fenceline values in the Method to be Used in Scoring area, located at the
bottom of the View Fencelines screen. WMPT Fenceline values are set based on user-defined constants,
calculated by dividing factor data into a 1:1:1 distribution and setting fencelines equal to the distribution
values; or calculated based on a user-defined distribution. The method used to generate a fenceline value
and the actual fenceline value are displayed in the boxes to the right of Constant Values, Ranee of Values
in Database, divided into 3rds, or Distribution of Values in Database, using:. The method used for the
selected factor is indicated by a filled circle to the left of the method title.
2.4.3 Viewing Chemical Synonyms
View chemical synonyms available for a particular chemical by selecting Chemical Synonyms
from the View Menu. The View Chemical Synonyms screen is divided into two areas: Chemical Names
and Alternate Chemical Names for [CAS number]. The View Chemical Synonyms screen is nearly
identical to the Edit Chemical Synonyms screen shown in Exhibit 2-19. Specify the chemical with a
synonym you would like to view by typing the chemical name in the space provided in the Chemical
Names area. As you type in the name, the list of available WMPT chemical names appears in the area
below the box. Select the desired chemical from the list when it appears by clicking on the name once.
Alternatively, you can use the scroll bar located to the right of the list to move up and down mrough the list
of chemical names. Click on S to move up one line or click on the shaded area just below the H! to page
up. Click on Si to move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the m to page down.
After you select a chemical, synonyms available (if any) for that chemical name are displayed in
the Alternate Chemical Names for [CAS number] area (the specific CAS number for the selected chemical
appears in the area title). There are two columns in this display, Name and Primary Name. Each available
synonym is listed in the Name column. The Primary Name column contains "Yes" if the synonym is used
as the primary name for the selected chemical in the WMPT or "No" if it is not.
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2.4.4 Viewing Mass Data
You can view the attached or imported mass data by selecting Mass Data from the View menu.
Select how you wish to view the mass data by clicking on one of the following secondary menus:
• Detail; and
• Summarized.
Each of these menus is discussed in the subsections below.
Viewing Mass Data Detail
View all of the mass data that is contained in the attached, imported, or manually-created table by
choosing Detail from the View Mass Data secondary menu. The Mass Data - View screen shown in
Exhibit 2-26 will appear. The screen displays a table with all of the mass data listed under the appropriate
field names. Click on Si to move up one line or click on the shaded area just below the Hi to page up.
Click on JH to move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the lU to page down.
Likewise, click on 9 to move left one column or click on the shaded area just right of the S to page left.
Click on fll to move right one column or click on the shaded area just left of the HHJL to page right. NOTE:
The mass data cannot be edited in the Mass Data - View screen. Refer to Section 2.3.4, Editing Mass
Data, for a detailed discussion on how to edit mass data.
The Mass Data - View screen includes an Options menu that allows you to print the mass data or
export the mass data to a CSV file. The Derive Region menu item is disabled in the Mass Data - View
screen. Each of the Options menu items is described in more detail in the subsections below.
EXHIBIT 2-26
Mass Data - View Screen
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Print
Select Print from the Options menu of the Mass Data-View screen to title and configure how the
mass data will be printed, as well as send the data to the selected printer. After selecting Print from the
menu, the Grid Print - Options screen shown in Exhibit 2-27 appears. Type in a title for the mass data
printout in the box to the right of Printout Title: located at the top of the screen. Select the number of
copies to print by key entering the desired number in the box to the right of Copies:, located below the
Printout Title: area. You can also use the 9 and IB buttons to the right of the Copies: box to advance
the number of copies to print up or down. Select the desired orientation for the printout by clicking on
either Landscape or Portrait located in the Page Orientation box just below the Copies: area.
When the title, number of copies, and printout orientation have been set, click OK to send the
mass data to the printer. Click on CANCEL to exit the Grid Print - Options screen and return to the Mass
Data - View screen.
Export
Select Export from the Options menu of the Mass Data-View screen to export the mass data to a
*.CSV file. A *.CSV file is a comma-separated value file and is discussed in more detail in Section 2.2.5
under the subsection heading Importing a CSV File. After selecting Export from the menu, the Export the
Grid screen shown in Exhibit 2-28 appears. Enter the desired file name for the *.CSV file in the File
Name area. Select the target directory into which the *.CSV file will be created and saved from the
Folders box.
EXHIBIT 2-27
Grid Print - Options Screen
Grid Print - Options
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EXHIBIT 2-28
Export the Grid Screen
jlajcor.cjv
jtateco.cjy
itathun.c*v
jlatpb.civ
staiscor.csv
bieco.csv
Irihunicsv
Q progtal
wrapt
adhoc
£3 backup
reports
Click OK to save the mass data into the *.CSV file. Click CANCEL to close the Export the Grid
screen and return to the Mass Data - View screen.
You can view the mass data scores, as well as the PBT and Overall scores for the chemicals
contained in the mass data summarized table according to a specified format by clicking on
SUMMARIZE, located at the bottom of the Mass Data - View screen. This feature is described in more
detail in the subsections below. Click on CLOSE to exit the Mass Data - View screen. .
Viewing Mass Data In User-Defined Format (Summarized)
You can view the mass data scores, as well as the PBT and Overall scores for the chemicals
contained in the mass data summarized table according to a specified format by choosing Summarized
from the View Mass Data secondary menu. If you are already viewing the mass data in detail (in the Mass
Data - View screen), click on SUMMARIZE at the bottom of the screen to summarize the data. After
selecting Summarized or clicking on SUMMARIZE, the Summarize Mass Data Wizard is activated and
will guide you through the process of defining how to summarize the mass data scores. The steps for
summarizing the mass data scores using the Wizard are listed below:
Step 1 -Level of Data Resolution
Step 2 - Select an Aggregation Level
Step 3 - Specify a Filter (optional)
Summarize Mass Data Wizard Step 1 - Level of Data Resolution
The Summarize Mass Data Wizard Level of Data Resolution screen is shown in Exhibit 2-29.
This screen explains that you can summarize the mass data at the chemical level using the selected
aggregation level. The mass data that you view at the end of the Summarize Mass Data Wizard steps will
include each chemical's mass and PBT score, as well as the Overall Score. Click NEXT to advance to
Step 2.
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EXHIBIT 2-29
Level of Data Resolution Screen
Summarize Mass Data Wizard Step 2 - Select an Aggregation Level
The Summarize Mass Data Wizard Select an Aggregation Level screen is shown in Exhibit 2-30.
The available aggregation levels for the mass data are displayed in decreasing order. The aggregation level
that is selected in this step determines on which level the mass data scores will be grouped and displayed.
For example, to view chemical mass data scores aggregated at the state level, select State in the Select an
Aggregation Level screen. WMPT will calculate and display the Overall (PBT and mass) score for all
chemicals in that state. The aggregation levels that are available to choose are dependent upon the level of
detail contained in the attached, imported, or manually-entered mass data.
EXHIBIT 2-30
Select an Aggregation Level Screen
i Summarize Mass Data Wizard
State" '
Region
National
Select an aggregation level by clicking on the desired level and then clicking NEXT to advance to
Step 3. You can also select the aggregation level and advance to the next step by double-clicking on the
desired level. Since Step 3 is optional, you can advance directly to the PBT & Mass Scores display screen
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by clicking on FINISH (the display screen is described in detail later in this subsection). NOTE: The
NEXT and FINISH buttons are inactive until an aggregation level is selected. To go back to Step 1, Level
of Data Resolution, click on BACK. To end the Summarize Mass Data Wizard, click on CANCEL.
Summarize Mass Data Wizard Step 3 - Specify a Filter
The optional Specify a Filter step allows you to narrow down the mass data selected for viewing.
If this step is omitted, all of the mass data contained in the attached, imported, or manually-entered table
will be used in creating the summarized data view. For example, a mass table can contain data from all 50
states. By using the Specify a Filter step of the Summarize Mass Wizard, you can filter this data down to
only the chemical data associated with the state of California. The Specify a Filter screen is shown in
Exhibit 2-31.
EXHIBIT 2-31
Specify a Filter Screen
Chemical
Waste Stream
Facility
SIC Code
State
All of the mass data fields available to be filtered appear in the Filter On list on the left side of the
Specify a Filter screen. To apply a filter to one of these fields, select the desired field by clicking on the
field name. You can scroll up and down through the list of fields by clicking on iH and IS, respectively.
Select a filter operator by clicking on the empty box in the Compare area, located to the right of
the Filter On list The list of operator symbols appear below the box. Select the desired operator by
clicking on its symbol. The list will disappear and the selected symbol will appear in the Compare box.
Enter a value to be used in the filter as the limiting factor by clicking once in the empty box in the
Value area, located to the right of the Compare box. You must manually enter a value in the box. The
value may be a character or numeric value, depending on the format of the selected field.
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For example, display only the mass data associated with the state of California by:
1. Clicking on State in the Filter On list;
2. Clicking on "=" in the Compare operator list; and
3. Entering "CA" in the Value box.
After defining the filter, click on FINISH to view the summarized mass data. To remove the filter,
simply click on RESET, and all of the selections made in this step are removed. To go back to Step 2,
Select an Aggregation Level, click on BACK. To end the Summarize Mass Data Wizard, click on
CANCEL.
Viewing the Summarized Mass Data Results
After clicking FINISH from the Summarize Mass Data Wizard, the mass, PBT, and Overall scores
are displayed for each chemical and aggregated according to the selection in Step 2. An example of the
Overall Chemical Scores view screen is shown in Exhibit 2-32. You can print the data or export the data
to the selected file format by using the viewing tools located at the bottom of the screen. These tools are
described in more detail in Section 2.6.1, Report Viewing Tools.
EXHIBIT 2-32
Overall Chemical Scores View Screen
|Bi PB T & Mass Scores
4VCBA VL CBtMICAI. MCCfOXA
nl S«a .4cftfv*Mri ».*« SIC Ca««
If '1 1*9?
Overall tPXT
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2.4.5 Viewing Chemical Scores
Selecting Chemicals to be Viewed
View the overall chemical scores calculated by WMPT by selecting Scores from the View menu.
Select chemical score(s) to view by clicking on one of the following secondary menus:
• Select By CAS Number,
• Select By Chemical Name;
• Select A Chemical List; and
• Select By RCRA Code.
Select a chemical score to view using a CAS number by choosing Select By CAS Number. The
Select a Chemical screen shown in Exhibit 2-16 will appear. This screen contains two parts, Selected
Chemical and Chemical CAS Numbers. You can choose a specific chemical by typing the CAS number in
the space provided in the Chemical CAS Numbers area. As you type in the CAS number, the list of
available WMPT CAS numbers appears. Select the desired CAS number from the list when it appears by
clicking on it once. Alternatively, you can use the scroll bar located to the right of the list to move up and
down through the list of CAS numbers. Click on SI to move up one line or click on the shaded area just
below the 9 to page up. Click on HI to move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the
IH to page down. After you select a CAS number, both the CAS number and the corresponding chemical
name appear in the Selected Chemical area.
Select a chemical score to view using chemical names by choosing Select By Chemical Name. The
Select a Chemical screen shown in Exhibit 2-16 will appear with Chemical Name in the lower half of the
screen rather than CAS number. This screen contains two parts, Selected Chemical and Chemicals in
Database. You can choose a specific chemical by typing the chemical name in the space provided in the
Chemicals in Database area. As you type in the chemical name, the list of available WMPT chemical
names appears. Select the desired chemical name from the list when it appears by clicking on it once.
Alternatively, you can use the scroll bar located to the right of the list to move up and down through the list
of chemical names. Click on iH! to move up one line or click on "the shaded area just below the 9 to page
up. Click on SI to move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the B to page down.
After you select a chemical name, both the chemical name and corresponding CAS number appear in the
Selected Chemical area.
View the overall score and subscores for all chemicals contained in a WMPT chemical list by
choosing Select A Chemical List. The Select a List of Chemicals screen will appear and display all
available WMPT chemical lists. You can use the scroll bar located to the right of the list to move up and
down through the available chemical lists. Click on Ha to move up one line or click on the shaded area
just below the s&L to page up. Click on J9 to move down one line or click on the shaded area just above
the S to page down. Select a list of chemicals by clicking on the desired list name. After you select a
chemical list, the list name appears at the top of the screen. For a more detailed description on how to
create a WMPT chemical list, see Editing and Creating Chemical Lists, Section 2.3.5.
View the overall score and subscores for all chemicals associated with a specific RCRA code by
choosing Select By RCRA Code. The Select Chemicals by RCRA Code screen will appear and display all
available WMPT RCRA codes and RCRA code descriptions. You can use the scroll bar to the right of the
list to move up and down though the list of RCRA codes. Click on HI to move up one line or click on the
shaded area just below the 13 to page up. Click on SI to move down one line or click on the shaded area
just above the SB to page down. Select a RCRA code by clicking on the desired code.
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Viewing Selected Chemical Scores
After you choose a chemical or group of chemicals for which you would like to view the overall
scores and subscores, click on SELECT. The View Scores screen shown in Exhibit 2-33 appears with the
CAS number and name of the currently selected chemical displayed at the top of the screen. The View
Scores screen also displays the Overall Chemical score; the Human Health Risk Potential score; the
Human Toxicity score and the associated Cancer effect and Noncancer effect scores; the Human Exposure
score and the associated Persistence (P), Bioaccumulation (B), and Mass (M) scores; the Ecological Risk
Potential score; the Ecological Toxicity score and associated Aquatic Toxicity (AT) score; and the
Ecological Exposure score and associated Persistence (P), Bioaccumulation (B), and Mass (M) scores.
View a key describing the notations used on this screen by clicking KEY. The screen shown in Exhibit 2-
34 appears.
Note that the View Scores screen also displays how the individual scores are manipulated to generate the
overall chemical scores. Each score displayed is generated as follows:
• The Human Toxicity Score is the higher of the Cancer (C) effect and Noncancer (NC) effect
scores.
• The Human Exposure Potential score is the sum of the Persistence (P), Bioaccumulation (B), and
Mass (M) scores. Note that Mass scores are not currently included in the Human Exposure
Potential, Human Health Risk Potential, and Overall Chemical scores.
• The Human Health Risk Potential score is the sum of the Human Toxicity and Human Exposure
Potential scores.
• The Ecological Toxicity score is equal to the Aquatic Toxicity (AT) score.
• The Ecological Exposure Potential score is the sum of the Persistence (P), Bioaccumulation (B),
and Mass (M) scores. Note that Mass scores are not currently included in the Ecological
Exposure Potential, Ecological Risk Potential, and Overall Chemical scores.
• The Ecological Risk Potential score is the sum of the Ecological Toxicity and Ecological Exposure
Potential scores.
• The Overall Chemical score is the sum of the Human Health Risk Potential and Ecological Risk
Potential scores.
You Can view the underlying data used to calculate each displayed score by clicking on WHY located in
each subfactor box. Clicking on WHY displays the View Chemicals screen with the corresponding
subfactor tab, similar to that shown for Edit Chemical Data in Exhibit 2-17 as described in View Chemical
Data, Section 2.4.1.
If you chose to view scores for a group of chemicals, the total number of chemicals in the group is
listed at the bottom left comer of the View Scores screen along with the number of the current chemical
displayed, for example, "1 of 69." To advance the display to the next chemical in the group, click on IS
located to the right of "Chemical Scores" at the bottom left of the screen. To go back to a chemical within
the group, click on iH to the left of the word "Chemical Scores." The currently displayed number changes
as you click on the left and right arrows. You can select either the first or the last chemical in the group by
clicking on liH or t
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You can print the scoring information for the currently displayed chemical by clicking on PRINT
at the bottom of the View Scores screen.
EXHIBIT 2-33
View Scores Screen
View Scores
l itPolychlorinated biphenyis
. '
,-'• r :«• & £ f l!f ilBslft
Overall Chemical Score
(6-18)""
Human ToxScity
rfl n-3)
•
Human Exposure Potential
Is? (2-6) »«
c
Htl-3)
NC
Hn-3)
p
Is] n-3)
Ecological Toxicity
[3] n-3)
/,
Ecological Exposure Potential
FT! (2-6)""
• ..n^lt||||'-:-g^
r. T wr I'l £ I D I fi I'^.l'J.i''! I A^T 1..''! 'i 5 1 '-S—SH—rr—~
n-3)
M
[var]
MM Chemical Si
P
inn-3)
B
[n-3)
M
[var]"
EXHIBIT 2-34
View Scores Key
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2.4.6 Viewing the Distribution of Scores
You can view a graphical representation of the overall distribution of chemical PBT scores for the
Prioritized Chemical List by selecting Distribution of Scores from the View menu. The distribution of
scores is displayed in a bar graph numbered from six to 18 (i.e., the lowest possible score to the highest
possible score) along the X-axis with the number of chemicals assigned that score along the Y-axis. The
Distribution of Scores screen is shown in Exhibit 2-35.
Placing your pointer on a score bar and clicking the right mouse button brings up an additional
menu. This menu allows you to print the graphical distribution, view chemical data for chemicals with the
selected score (see Section 2.4.1), view scores for chemicals with the selected score (see Section 2.4.5),
and calibrate the graphical display if you have resized the view score distribution window.
EXHIBIT 2-35
Distribution of Scores Screen
Distribution of Scores
200 T
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
I
I
I
I
1
51
82
88
114
156
121
84
58
33
23
20
24
25
2.5 SCORING CHEMICALS (SCORE MENU)
This section describes how to use the WMPT Score menu to calculate a mass score for the WMPT
chemicals. You can also calculate the persistence score and the overall chemical score for the WMPT
chemicals or the National Measurement List [scoring of the National Measurement List is not currently
functional]. The Score menu contains the commands listed in Exhibit 2-36.
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EXHIBIT 2-36
Score Menu Commands
Command
Description
PBT Score
Calculate overall PBT scores for the WMPT
chemicals.
Mass Score
Calculate overall PBT and mass scores for the
WMPT chemicals.
2.5.1 Calculating Overall PBT Scores
You can calculate the overall PBT scores for the Prioritized Chemical List (i.e., the WMPT
chemicals that are associated with data for at least one data element for each scoring subfactor) by selecting
PBT Score from the Score menu. WMPT will calculate the overall PBT score for each chemical based on
available data for each of the scoring components. The result of the Prioritized Chemical List scoring is an
overall PBT score ranging from six to 18 for each of the WMPT chemicals. For a detailed description on
the overall PBT scoring, see Scoring the Human and Ecological Exposure Potentials, Appendix B, and
Scoring the Human and Ecological Hazard Potentials, Appendix C.
After selecting PBT Score from the Score menu, your computer will become busy while WMPT
calculates the overall PBT scores, and the Score Prioritized Chemical List progress screen shown in
Exhibit 2-37 will appear. The progress screen displays the total number of chemicals to be scored in the
space to the right of Chemicals to Be Scored:, the number of chemicals scored in the space to the right of
Chemicals Scored:, and the name of the chemical that is currently being scored in the space to the right of
Scoring:. The screen also displays the scoring progress graphically with a horizontal thermometer bar.
The filled area progresses from left to right on the bar as the scoring progresses.
EXHIBIT 2-37
Score Prioritized Chemical List Progress Screen
You can interrupt the scoring at any time by clicking on CANCEL. A window will appear
displaying the message "Scoring Was Canceled." Click on OK to close the message window. When the
scoring is complete, a window displaying the message "[number] chemicals were scored" appears, listing
the total number of chemicals at the beginning of the message. Click on OK to close the message window.
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It is recommended that you save the database at this time by selecting Save from the File menu or by
clicking on the toolbar save icon.
2.5.2 Calculating PBT and Mass Scores
You can calculate both the overall PBT scores and the mass scores for the chemicals contained in
the attached, imported, or manually-entered mass data table by selecting Mass Score from the Score menu.
WMPT will calculate the overall PBT score for each chemical based on available data for each of the
scoring components. The result of this scoring is an overall PBT score ranging from six to 18 for each of
the mass data table chemicals. WMPT will also calculate a mass score and an overall score for each of the
chemicals contained in the mass data table based on the mass amount and PBT score that is associated with
each chemical. The result of this scoring is a mass score equal to the log,0 of the mass amount for each
chemical. The overall score is then calculated by adding together the PBT and mass scores. For a detailed
description on the calculation of the mass and overall scores, see The WMPT Scoring Approach, Appendix
A. For a detailed description on the overall PBT scoring, see Scoring the Human and Ecological
Exposure Potentials, Appendix B, and Scoring the Human and Ecological Hazard Potentials, Appendix
C.
After selecting Mass Score from the Score menu, the Selected Score Option screen appears
describing what components are about to be scored. Click OK to begin the scoring or click CANCEL to
return to the WMPT main menu bar without scoring. After clicking OK, your computer will become busy
while WMPT calculates the overall PBT, mass, and overall scores, and the Score Mass progress screen
will appear. This screen is very similar to the Score Prioritized Chemical List progress screen shown in
Exhibit 2-37. The progress screen displays the total number of chemicals to be scored in the space to the
right of Chemicals to Be Scored:, the number of chemicals scored in the space to the right of Chemicals
Scored:, and the name of the chemical that is currently being scored in the space to the right of Scoring:.
The screen also displays the scoring progress graphically with a horizontal thermometer bar. The filled
area progresses from left to right on the bar as the scoring progresses.
You can interrupt the scoring at any time by clicking on CANCEL. A window will appear
displaying the message "Scoring Was Canceled." Click on OK to close the message window. When the
scoring is complete, a window displaying the message "[number] chemicals were scored" appears, listing
the total number of chemicals at the beginning of the message. Click on OK to close the message window.
It is recommended that you save the database at this time by selecting Save from the File menu or by
clicking on the toolbar save icon.
2.6 GENERATING REPORTS (REPORTS MENU)
This section describes how to use the WMPT Reports menu to create, print, and export reports.
The Report menu contains the commands listed in Exhibit 2-38.
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EXHIBIT 2-38
Report Menu Commands
Command
Mass Scoring Summary
Fenceline Summary
Chemical List Report
Chemical Data Summary
^Advanced Renort Ouerv
Description
Mass scoring report.
Fenceline report.
PBT score report for chemical lists.
Single page report for chemical(s) that contains all ecological and human
hazard and exposure data.
Create a customized reoort.
Each of the Report menu commands are discussed in detail in the following subsections.
2.6.1 Report Viewing Tools
You can route each report described in this section either to your computer screen to be viewed or
directly to your printer. Exhibit 2-39 is a sample chemical data summary report. A report status section
and report viewing tools are displayed at the bottom of the screen. These tools are described below and are
available for every report generated from the Reports menu.
EXHIBIT 2-39
Chemical Data Summary Report
H Chemical Data Summary
al LB ta »•••»!•*
y&mtfet
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Report Status
The current page and the total number of pages in the report is displayed on the lower left side of
the viewing window, for example "1 of 8." Traverse the report one page at a time by clicking on f
advance a page or Hi to go back a page. You can also return to the first page by clicking on 1H1 or
advance directly to the last page by clicking on IB.
Cancel
Click on CANCEL to stop generating the selected report. Click on CLOSE to return to the
WMPT menu bar.
Zoom
Zoom in and out of the report by clicking on the zoom button. Click on this button multiple times
until the desired view is displayed.
You can send the report to the printer directly from the viewing window by clicking on the printer
button. A screen appears asking you to confirm your printer selection. You can also choose to print the
entire report, print a range of pages, or print multiple copies of the report from this window. Click on OK
to send the report to the printer or CANCEL to return to the report view. A status window appears as the
report is being compiled for the printer. To cancel the print job once it has started, click on CANCEL
PRINTING.
Export the Report to a File
Save the data presented in the report to a separate file to transfer into another application, such as-a
spreadsheet, another database, or document, by clicking on the suitcase icon at the bottom of the screen.
The Export screen will appear. Select a file format for the report data by clicking on the blank space
beneath the File Format title. Select a specific file format by clicking on the format name. The following
export formats are currently available in the WMPT:
• Character-separated values;
• Comma-separated values (*.csv);
• Data interchange format (*.dif);
• Record style (columns of values);
• Tab-separated text;
• Tab-separated values; and
• Text.
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Choose a destination for the exported file. There is currently only one destination option: Save to
a disk file.
After selecting the export file format and destination, click on OK. Follow the instructions on
subsequent screens to specify the character used to separate text and/or values in the export file, saving the
date and number formats used by the report, and choosing the location to save the new file and name for
the new file. Click on OK to save the output into the file. To exit the exporting procedure at any time,
click on CANCEL.
Close
After viewing, printing, and/or exporting the report data, click on CLOSE to return to the WMPT
main menu bar.
2.6.2 Mass Scoring Summary Report
The Mass Scoring Summary Report activates the Summarize Mass Data Wizard. The Wizard will
guide you through the process if defining how to summarize the chemical mass data scores into a report.
Activate the Wizard by selecting Mass Scoring Summary from the Reports menu. The Summarize Mass
Data Wizard can also be activated from the View menu by selecting Mass Data. Summarized or by
clicking SUMMARIZE from in the Mass Data - View screen, as previously described in Section 2.4.4.
The steps for summarizing the mass data scores using the Wizard are listed below:
Step 1 - Level of Data Resolution
Step 2 - Select an Aggregation Level
Step 3 - Specify a Filter (optional)
Summarize Mass Data Wizard Step 1 - Level of Data Resolution
The Summarize Mass Data Wizard Level of Data Resolution screen is shown in Exhibit 2-29.
This screen explains that you can summarize the mass data at the chemical level using the selected
aggregation level. The mass data that you view at the end of the Summarize Mass Data Wizard steps will
include each chemical's mass and PBT score, as well as the Overall Score. Click NEXT to advance to
Step 2.
Summarize Mass Data Wizard Step 2 - Select an Aggregation Level
The Summarize Mass Data Wizard Select an Aggregation Level screen is shown in Exhibit 2-30.
The available aggregation levels for the mass data are displayed in decreasing order. The aggregation level
that is selected in this step determines on which aggregation level the chemical mass data scores will be
grouped and displayed. For example, to view chemical mass data scores aggregated at the state level,
select State in the Select an Aggregation Level screen. WMPT will calculate and display the Overall (PBT
and mass )score for all chemicals in that state. The aggregation levels that are available to choose are
dependent upon the level of detail contained in the attached, imported, or manually-entered mass data.
Select an aggregation level by clicking on the desired level and then clicking NEXT to advance to
Step 3. You can also select the aggregation level and advance to the next step by double-clicking on the
desired level. Since Step 3 is optional, you can advance directly to the PBT & Mass Scores display screen
by clicking on FINISH (the display screen is described in detail later in this subsection). NOTE: The
NEXT and FINISH buttons are inactive until an aggregation level is selected. To go back to Step 1, Level
of Data Resolution, click on BACK. To end the Summarize Mass Data Wizard, click on CANCEL.
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Summarize Mass Data Wizard Step 3 - Specify a Filter
The optional Specify a Filter step allows you to narrow down the mass data selected for viewing.
If this step is omitted, all of the mass data contained in the attached, imported, or manually-entered table
will be used in creating the summarized data view. For example, a mass table can contain data from all 50
states. By using the Specify a Filter step of the Summarize Mass Wizard, you can filter this data down to
only the chemical data associated with the state of California. The Specify a Filter screen is shown in
Exhibit 2-31.
All of the mass data fields available to be filtered appear in the Filter On list on the left side of the
Specify a Filter screen. To apply a filter to one of these fields, select the desired field by clicking on the
field name. You can scroll up and down through the list of fields by clicking on 9 and m, respectively.
Select a filter operator by clicking on the empty box in the Compare area, located to the right of
the Filter On list. The list of operator symbols appear below the box. Select the desired operator by
clicking on its symbol. The list will disappear and the selected symbol will appear in the Compare box.
Enter a value to be used in the filter as the limiting factor by clicking once in the empty box in the
Value area, located to the right of the Compare box. You must manually enter a value in the box. The
value may be a character or numeric value, depending on the format of the selected field.
For example, display only the mass data associated with the state of California by:
1. Clicking on State in the Filter On list;
2. Clicking on "=" in the Compare operator list; and
3. Entering "CA" in the Value box.
After defining the filter, click on FINISH to view, print, or export the summarized mass data. To
remove the filter, simply click on RESET and all of the selections made in this step are removed. To go
back to Step 2, Select an Aggregation Level, click on BACK. To end the Summarize Mass Data Wizard,
click on CANCEL.
After clicking FINISH, the Mass Data Summary Report is displayed on the screen. Refer to
Section 2.6.1, Report Viewing Tools for detailed information on how to use the report viewing tools
located at the bottom of the report viewing screen.
2.6.3 Fenceline Summary Report
The Fenceline Summary Report presents an overview of each WMPT fenceline (threshold value)
used to calculate the subscores for each chemical. This report is divided into sections for each chemical
subscore: Bioaccumulation, Persistence, Ecological Hazard, Human Carcinogen Hazard (WOE = A or B),
Human Carcinogen Hazard (WOE = C), and Human Noncarcinogen Hazard. Each section contains a list
of all data elements used to calculate each subscore. Each subscore listing includes:
• Name of the database containing the data element,
• Data element field name within the database,
• Internal fenceline number (used for WMPT internal tracking),
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• Actual fenceline values and the criteria applied to calculate a "High," "Medium," or "Low"
subscore. For example, chemicals with a Log Kow of 3.5 or less will be assigned a
bioaccumulation subscore of 1 (or "Low")
• Method used to generate fenceline values: constant values, calculated values generated by
dividing the data contained in the WMPT database into thirds, or calculated values generated by
dividing the data into a distribution other than thirds.
Generate the Fenceline Summary Report by selecting Fenceline Summary Report from the Reports menu.
The Output Destinations) screen appears. You can choose to view the report on your computer screen or
to output the report directly to a printer. The report format viewed on the screen is also the format used to
print the report. Refer to Section 2.6.1 for information on using report viewing tools. After you have
completed viewing, printing, and/or exporting the report data, click on CLOSE at the bottom of the
viewing screen to return to the system.
2.6.4 Chemical List Report
The Chemical List Report lists each WMPT subscore and the overall PBT score for each chemical
in a selected chemical list. For a detailed description on how to create a chemical list, see Editing and
Creating Chemical Lists, Section 2.3.5.
Generate the Chemical List Report by selecting Chemical List Report from the Reports menu.
Select a chemical list by clicking on the desired list name and clicking on SELECT. You can also select
the chemical list by double-clicking on the list name. The Output Destinations) screen will appear. You
can choose to view the report on your computer screen or to output the report directly to a printer. The
report format viewed on the screen is also the format used to print the report. Refer to section 2.6.1 for
information on using report viewing tools. After you have completed viewing, printing, and/or exporting
the report data, click on CLOSE located at the bottom of the viewing screen to return to the system.
2.6.5 Chemical Data Summary Report
The Chemical Data Summary Report summarizes all the WMPT data for a chemical on a single
page. Each data element is displayed by grouping it with the respective subscore component:
Bioaccumulation, Persistence, Ecological Hazard, Human Carcinogen Hazard (WOE = A or B), Human
Carcinogen Hazard (WOE = C), and Human Noncarcinogen Hazard. The report also includes the
chemical name and CAS number. If you select more than one chemical for the Data Summary Report, the
data for each chemical appears on a separate page.
Generate a Chemical Data Summary Report by selecting Chemical Data Summary Report from
the Reports menu. The Output Destinations) screen will appear. You can choose to view the report on
your computer screen or to output the report directly to a printer. After selecting the output destination, a
screen appears that allows you to select one or more chemicals or an entire chemical list to route to the
chemical list report. The Select One or More Chemicals screen shown in Exhibit 2-40 appears.
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EXHIBIT 2-40
Select One or More Chemicals Screen
Polymethacrylales
Polyglycols, N.O.S.
Polyisobutylene
Polymericamine-epichlorohydrin resins
Polymelhacrylates
0880372-00-0 Pofoethers, perHuorinated
0025087-26-7 IPolymethaciylates
Selecting Chemicals or Chemical Lists
Select chemicals by name by clicking on Chemical Name in the Search By area at the top of the
screen. The area below Search By changes to a Search By Name area. You can choose specific chemicals
by typing the name of the chemical in the space provided in the empty box in the Search By Name area.
As you type in the chemical name, the list of available WMPT chemical names appears in the area below
the box. Alternatively, you can move up and down through the list of names using the scroll bar located to
the right of the list. Click on 3l to move up one line or click on the shaded area just below the SI to page
up. Click on SI to move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the IHI to page down.
Select a chemical by clicking on the desired chemical name and then clicking on SELECT located to the
right. You can also select chemicals by double-clicking on the desired chemical name. After you select a
chemical, both the chemical name and CAS number appear in the Selected Chemicals area located below
the Search by Name area. Deselect chemicals by clicking on their CAS number or name in the Selected
Chemicals area and clicking on DESELECT. You can also deselect a chemical by double-clicking on the
CAS number or name.
Select chemicals by CAS number by clicking on CAS Number in the Search By area at the top of
the screen and the area below Search By changes to a Search By CAS area. You can choose specific CAS
numbers by typing the CAS number in the space provided in the empty box located in the Search By CAS
area. As you type in the CAS number, the list of available WMPT CAS numbers appears in the area below
the box. Alternatively, you can move up and down through the CAS number using the scroll bar located to
the right of the list. Click on iH to move up one line or click on the shaded area just below the iH to page
up. Click on Si to move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the IS to page down.
Select a CAS number by clicking on the desired number and then clicking SELECT located to the right
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You can also select CAS numbers by double-clicking on the desired number. After you select a CAS
number, both the CAS number and the chemical name will appear in the Selected Chemicals area located
below the Search by CAS area. Deselect chemicals by clicking on their CAS number or name in the
Selected Chemicals area and clicking on DESELECT. You can also deselect chemical by double-clicking
on the CAS number or name.
Create a report that includes all chemicals contained in one of a WMPT chemical list by choosing
the Chemical List option in the Search By area at the top of the screen. The area below Search By changes
to a Search By List area. Select a list of chemicals from the available WMPT chemical lists by clicking on
the desired list name and then clicking on SELECT. Only one chemical list may be chosen at a time for
the Chemical Data Summary Report.
The report format viewed on the screen is the format used to print the report. Refer to section
2.6.1 for information on using report viewing tools. After you have completed viewing, printing, and/or
exporting the report data, click on CLOSE button located at the bottom of the viewing screen to return to
the system.
2.6.6 Advanced Report Query: Creating a Customized Report
Advanced Report Query or Ad-hoc reporting allows you to define specific output parameters and
to create reports for selected WMPT data elements. Use the ad-hoc reporting feature by selecting
Advanced Report Query from the Reports menu. The following three options are available through the
Advanced Report Query: Create a New Report Definition Using the Ad-hoc Wizard; Create a New Report
Definition by Writing an SQL Statement; Open An Existing Ad-hoc Report Definition; and Import a Report
Definition. These options are discussed below.
Creating a New Report Definition Using the Ad-hoc Wizard
If you are unfamiliar with writing SQL code, it is recommended that you use the Ad-hoc Wizard
by selecting Create a New Report Definition Using the Ad-hoc Wizard from the Advanced Report Query
screen. The Ad-hoc Wizard guides you through the process of defining the parameters used to generate a
report and specifying the desired format. The steps for creating a report using the Ad-hoc Wizard are
listed below:
Step 1 - Select Tables
Step 2 - Identify Join Fields (only applicable if more than one table is selected in Step 1)
Step 3-Select Fields
Step 4 - Define Filters (optional)
Step 5 - Define Sort Order (optional)
Ad-hoc Wizard Step 1 - Select Tables
The Ad-hoc Wizard Select Table screen is shown in Exhibit 2-41. Select one or more data tables
from the list located on the left side of the screen. As data tables are selected, their names appear under the
Selected Tables list located on the right side of the screen and are removed from the Available Tables list.
Select data tables by:
• Clicking on the name of the data table in the Available Tables list and then clicking on SELECT;
• Double-clicking on the name of the data table contained in the Available Tables list; or
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Clicking and holding on the name of the data table in the Available Tables list and dragging the
table into the Selected Tables list located on the right side of the screen.
EXHIBIT 2-41
Ad-Hoc Wizard Step 1 - Select Tables Screen
1: Chemical Information
Acute Toxicity Chemical Data
Chemical Names and Synonyms
Mass Data
Won-waslewater RCRA Associations
Prioritized Chemical List Scores
RCRA Code Descriptions
"
WMPT Scoring Components
WMPT Scoring Fencelines
To see a brief description of the contents of the data tables contained in the Available Tables list,
highlight the data table by clicking on the name and then click on DESCRIPTION located at the top right
corner of the list.
You can also deselect tables. As data tables are deselected, their names return to the Available
Tables list and are removed from the Selected Tables list. Deselect data tables by:
• Clicking on the name of the data table in the Selected Tables list and then clicking on
DESELECT; or
• Double-clicking on the name of the data table contained in the Selected Tables list; or
• Clicking and holding on the name of the data table and dragging the table into the Available
Tables list.
After selecting all of the desired data tables, click on NEXT to advance to the next step. NOTE:
The Next button is inactive until at least one data table is selected. To end the Ad-hoc Wizard, click on
CLOSE.
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Ad-hoc Wizard Step 2 - Identify Join Fields
This step is required if more than one data table was chosen in Step 1, Select Tables. The Identify
Join Fields step links the data contained in the tables together for the report. NOTE: Some of the tables do
not have common join fields and cannot be used together to generate an ad-hoc report. To join tables, you
need to identify the common fields found in the selected tables. For example, a data table containing
chemical log P data can be joined with another table containing RCRA codes associated with chemicals by
selecting the CAS Registry Number field as the join field for both tables. The Identify Join Fields screen
is shown in Exhibit 2-42.
The data table names selected in Step 1 appear in the Selected Tables column on the left side of
the screen. Select the join fields for each table from the field lists under the Field to Join On column on
the right side of the screen. Each list contains the fields available for the selected data table listed to the
left. Select the join fields by clicking in the white space to the right of each data table name. The list of
fields for that data table appear below the white space. Use the scroll bar to move up and down the list.
Click on Sm to move up one line or click on the shaded area just below the Mi to page up. Click on iHl to
move down one line or click on the shaded area just above the H to page down. Select the field by
clicking on the field name once. The list of available fields disappears and the name of the selected field
appears in the box. The join field can be changed by repeating this process.
When a join field has been selected for each data table, click on NEXT to advance to the next step.
To end the Ad-hoc Wizard, click on CLOSE.
EXHIBIT 2-42
Ad-Hoc Wizard Step 2 - Identify Join Fields Screen
\Advanced Report Query Wizard
i^^'^j^-s^g-Str*^^
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Ad-hoc Wizard Step 3 - Select Fields
. The Ad-hoc Wizard Select Fields screen is shown in Exhibit 2-43. Select the fields that will be
displayed in the finished report from the Available Fields list on the left side of the screen. As fields are
selected, their names appear under the Selected Fields list located on the right side of the screen and are
removed from the Available Fields list. Select the fields to be included in the report by:
• Clicking on the name of the field in the Available Fields list and then clicking on SELECT; or
• Double-clicking on the name of the field contained in the Available Fields list; or
• Clicking and holding on the name of the field in the Available Fields list and dragging the field
into the Selected Fields list located on the right side of the screen.
[EXHIBIT 2-43
Ad-hoc Wizard Step 3 - Select Fields Screen
: Structure Activity Team (SATJ Alternate Category
: Structure Activity Team (SAT) Category
: Structure Activity Team (SAT) Subcategory
: Subchronic Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Leve
: Subchronic No Observed Adverse Effect Level (N
: Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ). Ib
: TRI Chemicals on Superfund Amendments and Re
: TRI Releases
: TSCA Section 8(e) Ranking
: Underlying Carcinogen Reportable Quantity (RQ) V
: Underlying Chronic Reportable Quantity (RQ) ValU'
: Underlying Reportable Quantity (RQ) Values (VMF j
2: ASSOCIATION
2:CASNUMBER
2'RCRA CODE™
1: CAS Registry Number
1: Chemical Name
1: Ecological Hazard Score
The number that appears to the left of each field name in the Available Fields list represents the
specific data table in which the field can be found. To see which data tables correspond to each number,
click on LEGEND, located on the upper right side of the Available Fields list.
You can also deselect fields. As fields are deselected, their names return to the Available Fields
list and are removed from the Selected Fields list. Deselect a selected field by:
• Clicking on the name of the field in the Selected Fields list and then clicking on DESELECT; or
• Double-clicking on the name of the field contained in the Selected Fields list; or
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• Clicking and holding on the name of the field and dragging the field into the Available Fields list.
By default, the fields appear in the order in which they are chosen. The fields listed from top to
bottom on the Selected Fields list will appear in order from left to right in the report, respectively. To
change the order in which the selected fields will appear in the report, click and hold on the name of the
field in the Selected Fields list (the pointer will turn into a pointing hand), drag the field name up or down
in the list to the desired position, and release. The name of the field appears at the chosen position and
disappears from the previous position in the list.
Formatting the Field Appearance
Each field selected to appear in the final report can be individually formatted. Modify a selected
field caption, format, and/or alignment by clicking and highlighting a field name in the Selected Fields list.
Click on ADVANCED located on the top right corner of the Selected Fields list. The Advanced Report
Query Advanced Field Options screen shown in Exhibit 2-44 appears. Each of the advanced field options
is discussed below.
Editing the Field Caption
The name of the selected field appears in the Field area on the first line of the screen shown in
Exhibit 2-44. The name of the field as it will appear in your report can be changed by editing the name in
the Field Caption area (the default name will be the field description (if any exists) or the field name).
EXHIBIT 2-44
Advanced Field Options Screen
Editing the Field Format
The appearance of the data contained in the selected field can be edited by selecting a format in the
Field Fonnat area. Select a field format by clicking in the blank space beneath the Field Format area.
Select a field format by clicking on the format name or code. You can also type your own format into the
blank space. An example of how the field data will appear with the chosen format is displayed in the
Example of Selected Format space.
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Editing the Field Alignment
Change the field alignment by selecting one of the alignment options in the Field Alignment area.
Click on the blank space beneath the Field Alignment area to view the available field alignment options.
Select Left Aligned to line up the field name and data along the left edge of the field column; select Right
Aligned to line up the field name and data along the right edge of the column; or select Centered to center
the field name and data in the column.
After completing the desired field format changes, click on OK to return to Step 3 of the Ad-hoc
Wizard, Select Fields. To return to Step 3 without any changes, click on CANCEL. Note: You can also
format report fields from the Ad-hoc Query Results screen by clicking the right mouse button and selecting
Change Column Properties from the menu.
Following selecting, ordering, and formatting of the desired fields, click on NEXT to advance to
the next step or click on FINISH to view or print the report, or save it as a file. If you want to save your
report definiation thus far, click on SAVE AS. NOTE: The Next, Save As, and Finish buttons are inactive
until at least one field is selected. To go back to Step 2, Identify Join Fields, click on BACK. To end the
Ad-hoc Wizard, click on CLOSE.
Ad-hoc Wizard Step 4 - Define Filters
The optional Define Filters step allows you to narrow down the data set used to generate a report.
ff this step is omitted, all of the data contained in the selected data table will appear in the report. For
example, a data table can contain Human Hazard scores for over 4,700 chemicals. By using the Define
Filters step of the Ad-hoc Wizard, you can filter this data down to only those chemicals having an
Ecological Hazard score equal to 3. The Define Filters screen is shown in Exhibit 2-45.
All selected fields appear in the Database Fields list on the left side of the Ad-hoc Wizard Step 4
screen. To apply a filter to the data contained in one or more of these fields, build the filter expression into
the Filters area located at the bottom of the screen. Build the filter expression by:
1. Clicking on the desired field name in the Database Fields list;
2. Clicking on INSERT;
3. Clicking on and highlighting the desired operators in the Operators list on the right side of the
screen; and
4. Clicking on INSERT.
Following these steps builds the expression in the Filters screen. Alternatively, the filter
expression can be built by double-clicking on the field name and the desired operator. Specific limiters
and values must be entered manually by placing your cursor in position in the Filters screen and entering
the value. Repeat this process until all desired filters are defined.
For example, display only chemicals with an Ecological Hazard Score = 3 by:
1. Double-clicking on the Ecological Hazard field name;
2. Double-clicking on the "=" (equal) operator; and
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3. Placing the cursor to the right of the "=" (now appearing in the Filters screen) and
entering the number 3.
EXHIBIT 2-45
Ad-hoc Wizard Step 4 - Define Filters Screen
l: Clean Water Ad Section 311(b)(2)(A) Hazardous Substances
1: Ecological Structure Activity Team (SAT) Category
1: Ecological Structure Activity Team (SAT) Subcategory
1: Ecological Hazard Score
1: Ecotoxicfty^Structure Activity Team (SAT) Ranking
> {greater than)
>= (greater or equ
< (less than)
<= (less or equal)
{1: Ecological Hazard Score} = 3l
Check if the filter expression you built is valid by clicking on CHECK. A screen appears
indicating whether the expression contains errors or is valid.
After defining all desired filters, click on NEXT to advance to the next step or click on FINISH to
view or print the report, or save it as a file. If you saved a report definition in Step 3, you can save it again
under the same name by clicking on SAVE (this button will not be enabled if you have not yet saved the
report definition). If you have not yet saved the report definition and want to save your work thus far, click
on SAVE AS. To go back to Step 3, Select Fields, click on BACK. To end the Ad-hoc Wizard, click on
CLOSE.
Ad-hoc Wizard Step 5 - Define Sort Order
The optional Define Sort Order step allows you to define the order in which the data appears in a
report. If this step is omitted, the data will appear on the report in the order it was entered into the data
table. The Define Sort Order screen is shown in Exhibit 2-46.
Define the sort order of the field by first selecting either Ascending or Descending from the Sort
Order box located below the Sort Fields list. Next, select the field on which to sort. All of the fields you
selected in Step 3 appear in the Fields available for sorting list on the left side of the Ad-hoc Wizard Step 5
screen. As fields are selected for sorting, their names appear under the Sort Fields list located on the right
side of the screen and are removed from the Fields available for sorting list. Select a field to be sorted by:
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Clicking on the name of the field in the Fields available for sorting list and then clicking on
SELECT; or
Double-clicking on the name of the field contained in the Fields available for sorting list; or
Clicking and holding on the name of the field in the Fields available for sorting list and dragging
the field into the Sort Fields list located on the right side of the screen.
EXHIBIT 2-46
Ad-hoc Wizard Step 5 - Define Sort Order Screen
Chemical Name
Bioaccumulation Score
Ecological Hazard Score
Human Hazard Carcinogen Score
Human Hazard Woncarcinogen Score
'Persistence'Scofe
D-2: RCRA_CODE
A-1: CAS Registry Number
You can also deselect fields to removed them from sorting. As fields are deselected, their names
return to the Fields available for sorting list and are removed from the Sort Fields list. Deselect a selected
field by:
• Clicking on the name of the field in the Sort Fields list and then clicking on DESELECT; or
• Double-clicking on the name of the field contained in the Sort Fields list; or
• Clicking and holding on the name of the field and dragging the field into the Fields available for
sorting list.
To sort on more than one field in the report, first select all sort orders and fields to be sorted.
Prioritize the ordering by moving the field names within the Sort Fields list so that the first-level sort field
appears at the top of the list and the last-level sort field appears at the end of the list, respectively. By
default the fields appear in the order in which they are chosen. The fields listed from top to bottom on the
Son Fields list will be sorted first to last in the report, respectively. To change the order in which the
selected fields will be sorted in the report, click and hold on the name of the field in the Sort Fields list (the
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pointer changes into a pointing hand), drag the field name up or down in the list to the desired position,
and release. The name of the field will then appear at the chosen position and disappear from the previous
position in the list.
For example, to order the results by descending RCRA code with CAS numbers appearing in
ascending order within each group of RCRA codes, set the sort order for the RCRA codes by clicking on
the Descending option in the Sort Order box while the name of the RCRA code field is selected in the
Available Fields list. Select the RCRA code field. Set the sort order for the CAS number by repeating this
process and clicking on the Ascending option in the Sort Order box and selecting, the CAS number field.
The RCRA code field should appear above the CAS number field in the Sort Fields list. A "D" appears to
the left to the RCRA code field name and an "A" appears to the left of the CAS number field name in the
Sort Order box, illustrating the respective sort orders.
Click on FINISH to view or print the report, or save it as a file when the sort order is complete. If
you saved the report definition in either Steps 3 or 4, you can save it again under the same name by
clicking on SAVE (this button will not be enabled if you have not yet saved the report definition). If you
have not yet saved the report definition and want to save it for future use, click on SAVE AS. To go back
to Step 4, Define Filters, click on BACK. End the Ad-hoc Wizard by clicking on CLOSE.
Creating a New Report Definition by Writing an SQL Statement
Create a customized report by writing an SQL statement by selecting Create a New Report
Definition by Writing an SQL Statement from the Advanced Report Query screen. The Advanced Report
Query SQL screen shown in Exhibit 2-47 appears. Compose the SQL statement by placing the cursor
within the blank space of the screen. The SQL code used by WMPT is the same as that used by the MS
Access® Database software. An example SQL statement appears in Exhibit 2-47.
EXHIBIT 2-47
Advanced Report Query SQL Screen
1U Advanced Report Query SOL
ISELECT DISTINCTROW CHEMINFO.CASNUMBER. CHEMINFO.CHEMICAU
|CHEMINFO.SED_I_FCV. CHEMINFO.GLWQIJ_FCV, CHEMINFO.AWQC_CHRON, ,
ICHEMINFO.GLWQIJLSCV, CHEMINFO.MEAS CHRON. CHEMINFO.GLWQI_I_FAV.I
|CHEMINFOAWQC_ACUTE, CHEMINFO.RQAQUATTOX, CHEMINFO.MEAS ACUTE,'
iCHEMINFO.PRED_CHRON, CHEMINFO.PRED ACUTE. CHEMINFO.NTS.
iCHEMINFO.ECOHAZ
IFROM CHEMINFO
, ^RE(ttCHEMINFO]![PCUSTl=-D)
IORDER BY CHEMINFO.CASNUMBER;
When the SQL statement is complete, click on EXECUTE to view or print the report, or save it as
a file. Save the SQL for future use by clicking on SAVE AS. To exit the Advanced Report Query SQL
screen, click on CLOSE. The Lock/Unlock and Save buttons are discussed in the following section,
Opening and Existing Ad-hoc Report Definition.
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Saving an Ad-hoc Query
To save a query that you created with the Ad-hoc Wizard or with an SQL statement:
1. Click on SAVE AS at the bottom of the screen;
2. Enter a query description or name in the Description area at the top of the Save As screen;
3. Choose die type of query format under the Type menu in the Save As screen; and
4. Click on OK located at the bottom of the Save As screen.
Under the Type screen, you can choose to save the query as either a normal query or an expert
query. A normal query can be retrieved and edited again from within the Ad-hoc Wizard. An expert query
is saved as SQL code and cannot be viewed or edited again by the Ad-hoc Wizard. Expert queries can
only be edited through their SQL codes. It is recommended that you create queries using the Ad-hoc
Wizard and save them as normal queries unless you are experienced in writing SQL code. All saved
queries can be retrieved and edited by selecting Open an Existing Ad-hoc Report Definition from the
Advanced Report Query screen. To return to the Ad-hoc Wizard without saving the query, click on
CANCEL.
Viewing the Ad-hoc Wizard Query Results
After clicking FINISH or EXECUTE from the Ad-hoc Wizard or Advanced Report Query SQL,
respectively, the report that you created appears on your screen. The report display includes all the
selected fields as well as all the data contained in each field and reflects the appearance of the report as it
will be printed. An example of the Advanced Report Query Results screen is shown in Exhibit 2-48.
EXHIBIT 2-48
Advanced Report Query Results Screen
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Changing Column Width
To change the width of any field or column, place your pointer on the line that separates the
column (the pointer now appears as a double-ended arrow pointing to the left and right). Click and hold
the left mouse button and drag the column line to the left and right to adjust the column size to the desired
width.
Formatting, Printing, and Saving the Report
The report display includes the following menus:
* Print;
• Export; and
• Options.
Each of these menus is discussed in the subsections below.
Print
Use the Print menu to select and configure a printer destination for the results, as well as send the
results to the selected printer. The Print menu commands are discussed below:
Printer Setup - Select both the printer to be used to print the report and the desired font from the
Printer Setup screen. Display printer options by clicking on the displayed printer name or on the down
arrow to the right of the displayed printer name. Select a printer by double-clicking on the desired printer
name. Display font options by clicking on the displayed font name or on the down arrow to the right of the
displayed font name. Select a font by double-clicking on the desired font name. The fonts shown are
those that are valid for the selected printer.
Click OK to set the printer/font. Click CANCEL to close the Printer Setup screen with no
changes.
Print Results - Enter the title for the report under the Printout Title area. This title will be
displayed at the top of each page of the printed report. Enter the desired number of copies under the
Copies area. The number of copies can be set by clicking on HI or B to the right. You can also key
enter the number of copies into the space manually. Set the report orientation by clicking either landscape
or portrait in the Page Orientation box.
Click OK to print the report. The report will be printed using the printer selected in the Printer
Setup screen. Click CANCEL to close the Print Results screen without printing the report.
Export - To export the results to a CSV file, select Export. A *.CSV file is a comma-separated-
value file. The contents of a *.CSV file can be converted into either a spreadsheet or database file by most
applications. For example, you can import a *.CSV file directly into Excel® and then save it as an Excel®
spreadsheet or other format. Enter the desired file name for the CSV file in the File Name area. Select the
target directory into which the CSV file will be created and saved from the Folders box.
Click OK to save the report into the *.CSV file. Click CANCEL to close the Export to CSV File
screen with no changes.
Options - Select Options, Change Column Properties to change the formatting properties of a
column in the report display.
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By selecting this option, the Advanced screen appears. You can also change the column properties
by double-clicking on the desired field/column name shown in Exhibit 2-44. Format the field/column as
by entering the necessary information in the Advanced screen and clicking on OK to save the formatting.
Clicking on CANCEL closes the Advanced screen with no changes to the report. For a more detailed
description of the components of the Advanced screen, refer to Ad-hoc Wizard Step 3 - Select Fields
provided in this section.
Opening an Existing Ad-hoc Report Definition
Open a query that was created in either the Ad-hoc Wizard or SQL code by selecting Open an
Existing Ad-hoc Report Definition from the Advanced Report Query screen. The Advanced Report Query
Open screen is shown in Exhibit 2-49. Select a query to open by clicking on one. of the query names listed
in the Description column and clicking OPEN, located at the bottom of the screen. You can also open a
query by double clicking on the query name. Delete an existing WMPT query by clicking on the query
name and clicking on DELETE. Exit the Advanced Reporting Query without opening a saved query by
clicking on CANCEL.
EXHIBIT 2-49
Advanced Report Query Open Screen
If the query you would like to open was saved as a normal query, the Ad-hoc Wizard is enabled
and the query can be edited using the Ad-hoc Wizard steps described in Creating a New Report Definition
Using the Ad-hoc Wizard.
If the query you would like to open was saved as an expert query (i.e., it was saved as an SQL
statement), the Advanced Report Query SQL screen appears with the SQL code. To edit the code, click on
the Lock/Unlock button until LOCK is visible. This "unlocks" the code and allows changes to be made
and executed. To make the SQL code read-only (i.e., edits cannot be made to the code), click on the
Lock/Unlock button until UNLOCK is visible. After you complete the changes to the query, click on
SAVE to save the query under the same name. Save the query under a new name by clicking SAVE AS.
NOTE: Advanced queries can only be saved again as advanced queries.
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2.7 HELP SYSTEM (HELP MENU)
Activate the online WMPT Help System by clicking on the Help menu and selecting Contents.
You may then click on the desired Help topic. NOTE: Only the Ad-hoc Wizard Help topics are currently
active. Other information available through the Help menu includes general information. This feature is
discussed below.
2.7.1 About WMPT
Select About WMPT from the Help menu to display the WMPT version number, copyright, and
licensee name (i.e., the name you entered during WMPT installation). Click on OK to return to the
WMPT main menu.
2.8 ERROR MESSAGES
In general, WMPT error messages are user friendly and intuitive. In all cases, the error message is
intended to explain the error, as well as recommend corrective actions. Note that to avoid the possibility of
losing data, it is recommended that you save the CHEMICAL.MDB database periodically if you are
modifying data, fencelines, or chemicals. The table shown in Exhibit 2-50 lists the majority of the error
messages that can be produced by WMPT, provides a description of each error message, and suggests
corrective actions.
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EXHIBIT 2-50
WMPT Error Messages
Number/Message
Explanation
Recommended Action(s)
3024
The read-only database, CHEMREAD.ERG, is
either missing or corrupt.
Contact Technical Support or reinstall WMPT.
This is an invalid database.
The database you selected is either not a valid
WMPT database or it has become corrupted.
If you selected a valid database that has become
corrupted, perform the following: (1) repair the
database by selecting Repair Database from the File
menu and (2) compress the database by selecting
Compress Database from the File menu.
This command is not available until
a file is opened.
You attempted to select an item on the toolbar
that requires a database to be opened first.
Open a database file by selecting Open from the File
menu and double clicking on a file name. After you
successfully open a database, the file name will
appear in the main window title.
The following error (nnn)
was encountered while... Please
contact Technical Support.
This is the message displayed when an
unexpected error is trapped in a general error
trapping function.
Inform Technical Support of the error number.
This [name/CAS number] is already
being used by [CAS number/name].
Enter a different [name/CAS
number].
WMPT chemicals are uniquely identified by
CAS number and primary name. Two
chemicals in the database can have neither the
same CAS number nor the same primary name.
Select a different CAS number or chemical name. If
you wish to add a chemical synonym, refer to the
Editing Chemical Synonyms section for more
information.
The selected Chemical was not
found in the CHEMINFO table.
The CHEMICAL database contains both a data
table (CHEMINFO) and an index table
(CHEMICAL). This error indicates that a
chemical in the index table does not have a
corresponding entry in the data table.
Inform Technical Support of the error.
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EXHIBIT 2-50 (Continued)
WMPT Error Messages
Number/Message
Explanation
Recommended Aclion(s)
Invalid value. EPA list fields must
be 'X' or blank.
You entered an invalid value for a chemical
while modifying a regulatory list.
Enter either an upper case "X" or leave the field
blank. Refer to Section 2.3.1 for more information
on editing chemical data.
Invalid value. Valid Metal field
values are: 'M', 'MC', 'MSA',
'MSB','MIN', or blank.
You attempted to enter an invalid Metal value
for a chemical.
Enter a valid value. Refer to Appendix B.2.1 from
metal compound codes.
Invalid Weight of Evidence (WOE).
Valid WOE values include: A, B,
C, D, or blank.
You attempted to enter an invalid WOE for a
chemical.
Enter a valid value.
Invalid Distribution. Distribution
format it must be 'n:n:n'. Enter a
valid distribution and try again.
The fenceline distribution format must be three
non-zero integers separated by colons.
Enter a valid fenceline distribution. If you changed
your mind about the distribution values, you can re-
enter the default of "1:1:1."
Error encountered in deriving
Distribution Fencelines. No data
found in database. Please contact
Technical Support.
You attempted to automatically derive
distribution fencelines for a factor without any
data in the database.
Check the selected factor to determine if data exists
in the database. If so and the error still occurs,
contact Technical Support for additional guidance.
An original Fenceline was not
found for the selected Fenceline.
The Reset operation failed. Please
contact Technical Support if you
have any questions.
You selected RESET in the Edit Fencelines
window. The RESET button reinstates the
original values for a factor. RESET cannot be
used for fencelines you add to WMPT.
Change the factor values manually.
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EXHIBIT 2-50 (Continued)
WMPT Error Messages
Number/Message
Explanation
Recommended Action(s)
An invalid fenceline quality was
detected in the database. A
fenceline's quality is an integer
number between 1 and 15. Please
contact Technical Support.
The scoring engine detected an invalid
fenceline number.
Contact Technical Support.
A fenceline short name is required
You attempted to add a new fenceline, but did
not specify a name for the fenceline.
Enter a name for the fenceline. The fenceline name
should be something meaningful. It can include
embedded blanks, for example, "Consumer Use."
Error adding fenceline. You have
exceeded the number of available
fencelines. Contact Technical
Support.
WMPT allows 30 factors or fencelines per
component score, i.e., Ecological Hazard. This
message is displayed when you attempt to add
the 31st factor.
Delete an existing factor before adding the new
factor.
You are not allowed to delete this
chemical list. This list is required
for WMPT to operate properly.
This message is displayed when you attempt to
delete a chemical list that is required in order
for WMPT to work properly.
Do not attempt to delete the list.
Embedded blanks are not valid in
the list identifier. Please remove
any embedded blanks.
List identifiers are fields in the CHEMINFO
table that identify which chemicals belong to a
list. List identifiers are limited eight characters,
and cannot include embedded blanks.
Remove embedded blanks from the list identifier.
"Mylist" is an example of a valid list identifier.
"My List:" is an example of an invalid list identifier.
You entered an invalid list
identifier. Please remove any
special characters, such as periods
and dashes.
List identifiers' are fields in the CHEMINFO
table that identify which chemicals belong to a
list. List identifiers are limited eight characters,
and cannot include most special characters.
Remove special characters from the list identifier.
"Mylist" is an example of a valid List Identifier.
"$.,-. @" is an example of an invalid list identifier.
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EXHIBIT 2-50 (Continued)
WMPT Error Messages
Number/Message
Explanation
Recommended Action(s)
You entered a list identifier that
already exists as a field in the
WMPT database. Are you sure this
is correct? (We recommend that
you always specify a new, unique
list identifier when adding a
chemical list.)
List identifiers are fields in the CHEMINFO
table that identify which chemicals belong to a
list. It is possible to use an existing field name
as a list identifier, but this is not recommended.
Specify a list identifier with a unique field name.
The list identifier is already in use
for an existing chemical list. List
identifiers must be unique between
chemical lists. Please enter a
unique list identifier.
List identifiers are fields in the CHEMINFO
table that identify which chemicals belong to a
list. It is invalid to have two or more lists with
the same list identifier.
Specify a list identifier with a unique field name.
An Unknown Database Lock was
encountered. Please save, close,
and re-open the database before
continuing. It is recommended that
you add new chemical lists
immediately after opening the
database, and not after you have
made other database changes.
Database locks are used to preserve the contents
of a database. Locks are usually set and
released automatically by the database engine.
Software, such as WMPT, can sometimes
accidentally cause a database lock to be set,
preventing another action from occurring.
Close and re-open the database.
The selected RCRA code is not
associated with any chemicals
The RCRA code you selected as the search
criteria is not associated with any WMPT
chemicals.
Select a different RCRA code.
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EXHIBIT 2-50 (Continued)
WMPT Error Messages
Number/Message
Explanation
Recommended Action(s)
'Type mismatch' error encountered
while attempting to execute the
generated SQL statement. This is
probably due to a filter. It is invalid
to compare a numeric field to a non-
numeric compare value. You
should remove any suspect filters
and try again.
It is invalid to compare certain data types with
other data types. For example, it is invalid to
compare a numeric value to an alphabetic
character value.
Remove any filters you added and attempt to run
your query again. Once your query runs
successfully without the filters, add one filter at a
time to determine the offending filter.
'SQL syntax' error encountered
while attempting to execute the
generated SQL statement. The
generated SQL is shown below.
Please contact Technical Support.
Generated SQL: xxxxxxxxxx
The SQL generated by the Ad Hoc Wizard was
invalid.
Print the message (with the offending SQL at the
end), and Contact Technical Support,
Invalid Number of Copies.
This message is displayed when you attempt to
enter an invalid number of copies on the Print
window.
Enter a valid numeric value.
Error 3061 encountered while
attempting to select the chemicals in
the Chemical Group. One
possibility for the error is that the
field associated with this Chemical
Group was deleted from
CHEMINFO.
The database engine returned error 3061 while
attempting to extract a chemical list from the
database. There are several reasons why error
3061 may occur, but the most likely is that the
list identifier for the selected chemical list was
deleted from the database.
Verify that the chemical list identifier is still in the
CHEMINFO table by selecting Advanced Query
Report from the Reports menu and opening the
existing query. The list identifier should appear in
the Available Fields list in the Ad-hoc Wizard Step 3
window.
If the list identifier is still present, contact Technical
Support.
If the list identifier was deleted, rebuild the list.
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EXHIBIT 2-50 (Continued)
WMPT Error Messages
Number/Message
Explanation
Recommended Action(s)
You have changed the width of the
window. Before you select any
options from the Chemicals Scored
Popup Menu, you will be required
to calibrate the graphic. Calibrate
the graphic by selecting Calibrate in
the popup menu.
The window that displays the Distribution of
Scores is resizable, you can increase or decrease
the window size to meet your needs. However,
every time you change the width of the'
distribution of scores window, you must
recalibrate to allow WMPT to recognize the
location of the columns on the bar graph.
Click once on the graph with the right mouse button.
A floating menu appears. From this menu, select
Calibrate and follow the instructions that appear on
the window title.
You must CALIBRATE the graphic
before selecting this option.
You selected a menu option that requires that
the graphic be calibrated. Calibration allows
WMPT to recognize the location of columns on
the Distribution of Chemical Scores bar graph.
If you resize the window, you must calibrate the
graphic.
Click once on the graph with the right mouse button.
A floating menu appears. From this menu, select
Calibrate and follow the instructions that appear on
the window title. Once the graphic is calibrated,
you can select any menu option.
No Chemicals with the selected
score were found.
You asked WMPT to display all chemicals with
a certain score, but no chemicals were found
with that score.
Select a different score.
The SELECT ALL button causes all
of the chemicals to be added to the
list. You currently have selected nn
chemicals. This will take a while.
Are you sure you want to Select All
chemicals?
The SELECT ALL button can take a relatively
long time to complete, depending on how many
chemicals are selected. This message is a
warning that WMPT may be busy for a while
completing this task.
Answer either Yes or No as appropriate.
It is invalid to specify a Boolean
Operator without a compare value.
Either define both or remove both.
You entered a partial filter. A filter requires
both a Boolean operator as well as a compare
value.
Enter both or remove both.
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EXHIBIT 2-50 (Continued)
WMPT Error Messages
Number/Message
Are you sure you want to delete
xxxxxxx?
Invalid numeric amount.
Invalid File Format. The file has
been corrupted or it is not a
Database Maintenance file!
Error 3315 encountered in
modifying a database row. Field
xxx is not defined to accept NULLs.
Blanks were applied instead.
Factor xxxx was not found in the
database. Contact Technical
Support.
The selected query is invalid.
Contact Technical support.
Invalid Score. Scores must be 0, 1,
2, or 3.
Explanation
This message is a confirmation that you are
about to delete something.
You entered an invalid numeric value into a
field that requires a valid numeric value.
You attempted to apply database maintenance,
but the file you selected is not in the correct
format.
While applying the database maintenance, the
system encountered a field in the database that
is defined to not allow NULLs. The database
maintenance file indicated that NULLs should
be stored in the field.
A factor required to generate a component score
was not found in the database.
The Advanced Report Query you selected to
open is invalid.
Some chemical attributes stored in the database
are prescored factors, such as the SAT Rank.
The value you entered is invalid.
Recommended Action(s)
Answer Yes or No as appropriate.
Correct or remove the value.
Verify that this is the correct file. Contact the
person who created the file to determine how it was
created. Contact Technical Support if needed.
No actions are required.
Delete the factor from the component by selecting
Edit Fencelines from the Edit menu.
Contact Technical Support.
Enter a valid value.
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EXHIBIT 2-50 (Continued)
WMPT Error Messages
Number/Message
Explanation
Recommended Action(s)
Invalid Fenceline number (nnn)
found in the database. Fenceline
numbers must be an exponential
number of 2, (ie. 1,2,4,8,16, etc).
Contact Technical Support.
Fenceline numbers are used in WMPT to keep
track of chemical scoring methodology. The
scoring engine encountered an invalid number.
Contact Technical Support.
Do you want to save the changes to
the database? If you reply'No', any
changes you have made to the
database since the last time it was
saved will be lost.
You made one or more changes to the database,
but did not save the database. You are now
closing down WMPT. The system wants to
know whether it should apply or cancel the
changes you made to the database.
Answer Yes or No as appropriate.
You must specify a different file
name.
You specified the same file name for the Before
and After file names on a Repair or Compress
Database.
Enter different file names.
There are no database changes to be
saved. Command ignored.
You selected the Save from the File menu, but
no changes have been made to the database.
No action required.
The disk is full. Please delete some
files and try again.
You asked the system to save the database
under a different file name, which creates
another copy of the original database. This is
often the cause of running out of disk space.
Delete some files and try again.
This database no longer exists.
Please select a different file.
You selected a recent file to open from the File
menu, but the file no longer exists or was
renamed.
Select a different file or select Open from the File
menu to specify the new name/location of the
database.
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CHAPTER 2: USING WMPT 1.0
EXHIBIT 2-50 (Continued)
WMPT Error Messages
Number/Message
Explanation
Recommended Action(s)
The file
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\xxxxx is
in use and cannot be installed.
Please exit all other applications and
retry. Press Ignore to not install the
file and then press Abort to cancel
the installation.
The install process copies certain window files
to your hard drive if the file doesn't already
exist on your hard drive or if they are 'older'
then the version on the install disk. This
message is displayed when a file is in use and
cannot be checked to see how 'old' it is.
If one of the three file names listed below appears in
the message, it is recommended that you click the
IGNORE button:
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\OLE2.DLL
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\STORAGE.DLL
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\COMPOBJ.DLL
If the file that appears in the message is not one of
these three files, it is recommended that you exit all
Windows applications, including any software suite
toolbars, and try the install again.
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CHAPTER 3
WMPT APPLICATIONS
This chapter presents some potential applications of the WMPT and its outputs, as -well as
some follow-up activities that can be implemented to promote source reduction and recycling.
As with earlier chapters, this discussion of applications will be revised based on comments
from WMPT users. U.S. EPA is interested in hearing your comments on potential applications
discussed here, as well as your ideas for additional applications. Section 3.1 of this chapter
briefly describes two general applications of the tool, based on its core functions, and section
3.2 provides some examples of specific applications and implementation activities for
government agencies and industry.
3.1 GENERAL APPLICATIONS OF THE WMPT
The WMPT scores and ranks chemicals based on their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and
toxicity ("PBT") and, if desired, quantity. The rankings can potentially be used directly or along with the
Chemical-RCRA Waste Code Crosswalk, as discussed below. Industry and government agencies (at the
national, regional, state, or local level) could apply the tool in these ways, keeping in mind how the tool
was intended to be applied (see Chapter 1).
Identifying Chemicals for Source Reduction and Recycling: PBT scores could be used alone, or
with quantities of chemicals contained in waste streams or released to the environment, to select high-
priority chemicals for source reduction and/or recycling.
Identifying Hazardous Wastes that Mav Contain Specific Chemicals: The Chemical RCRA Waste
Code Crosswalk function of the WMPT can help users identify hazardous waste streams that are likely to
contain particular PBT chemicals.1 The crosswalk associates chemicals with RCRA hazardous waste
codes, distinguishing between wastewater and non-wastewater forms of waste (see Appendix F for more
details). Using these waste codes, users could then identify waste streams, from the Biennial Reporting
System or other sources, that might contain the chemicals. The waste streams could then be further
prioritized based on quantity or other factors, as appropriate, to identify source reduction and recycling
priorities.
3.2 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF THE WMPT
This section provides some examples of potential applications of the WMPT and follow-up
activities that could be undertaken by government and industry to promote source reduction and recycling.
In addition, it provides suggestions for linking results from the WMPT with EPA's waste and release
databases.
3.2.1 Potential Government Applications and Activities
Government agencies could focus source reduction and recycling activities on high-scoring PBT
chemicals and the hazardous wastes that are likely to contain these chemicals. Once priority chemicals and
wastes had been identified, government agencies could pursue a variety of activities to achieve reductions
1 Please note that not all of the approximately 900 chemicals ranked based on PBT on the Draft Prioritized
Chemical List are included in the crosswalk, since the crosswalk focuses on a smaller universe of about 500
chemicals typically found in RCRA hazardous wastes.
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CHAPTERS: WMPTAPPLICATIONS
in these chemicals and wastes. Some potential activities include: hosting waste minimization conferences
involving generators of specific wastes containing high-scoring PBT chemicals and highlighting processes
that have significant potential to reduce the use of these chemicals; launching voluntary programs to reduce
high-scoring PBT chemicals in hazardous wastes (possibly focusing on specific industrial sectors); and
organizing waste minimization training courses to spread information on substitute chemicals or processes.
For example, EPA plans to use PBT scores, quantities of chemicals in wastes, and frequency of
generation to develop a National Waste Minimization Measurement List of priority chemicals for national
waste minimization purposes. EPA will track the presence of these chemicals in hazardous wastes against
the reduction goals of the Waste Minimization National Plan (e.g., 50% reduction in the presence of the
most persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals in our nation's hazardous waste by 2005, compared
to a baseline of 1991). EPA regions and states could adopt this National Measurement List, modify it
based on their existing priorities, or incorporate PBT scores into their own priority-setting processes.
The WMPT could also be used during permitting and corrective action activities to investigate and
prioritize waste minimization activities at facilities generating these chemicals on-site. For example, if a
state or EPA region were involved in a permitting action for a facility generating hazardous waste
containing high-scoring PBT chemicals, the state or EPA region could suggest that the facility explore
waste minimization activities designed to reduce the quantities of the PBT chemicals in their hazardous
waste or the overall quantity of waste containing the PBT chemicals.
States and EPA regions could also provide information on high-scoring PBT chemicals and waste
minimization opportunities for them during the course of facility inspections or site visits and could
investigate the appropriateness of Supplemental Environmental Projects involving these chemicals.
3.2.2 Potential Industry Applications and Activities
Individual facilities or companies could use the WMPT, along with their own knowledge about
their operations, the chemicals they use, and the wastes they generate, to establish their source reduction
and recycling priorities, goals, and activities. Industrial trade associations could use the WMPT, along
with their knowledge about their members' operations, to assist their members in selecting priority
chemicals, establishing source reduction and recycling goals, and identifying specific waste minimization
opportunities and activities. Potential activities could include: identifying chemicals of concern based on
PBT scores; using the crosswalk, or their own knowledge, to identify waste streams containing these
chemicals; identifying the processes generating these waste streams; and investigating source reduction and
recycling opportunities for these processes and waste streams. Such opportunities may include, when
feasible, research into effective substitutes that present reduced risk to human health and the environment.
Similarly, if a facility that generates and manages hazardous waste containing high-scoring PBT
chemicals is involved in a corrective action, they may want to consider investigating source reduction and
recycling opportunities to reduce the quantity of hazardous wastes containing these chemicals.
3.2.3 Use of the WMPT in Conjunction with Other Information Sources
Results from the WMPT could be applied along with information from other EPA databases to
identify and refine source reduction and recycling priorities.
The Biennial Reporting System: The WMPT can provide information on PBT scores of chemicals
and RCRA waste codes of hazardous wastes that are likely to contain these chemicals. Once these waste
codes had been identified, the Biennial Reporting System (BRS) could then provide information on waste
streams, both wastewaters and non-wastewaters, containing these chemicals. The BRS can enable users to
identify the following:
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CHAPTERS: WMPTAPPLICATIONS
• specific generators that generate waste streams containing (high-scoring) PBT chemicals;
• facilities that manage waste streams containing PBT chemicals;
• processes that generate waste streams containing PBT chemicals;
• industrial sectors that generate waste streams containing PBT chemicals; and
• quantities of hazardous wastes containing PBT chemicals generated in the United States or
in a particular state or EPA region.
The Toxics Release Inventory: Similarly, the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), when used in
conjunction with results from the WMPT, can provide information on:
• specific facilities that release (high-scoring) PBT chemicals;
• facilities that manage PBT chemicals;
• facilities that transfer PBT chemicals for off-site management;
• sectors that release, manage, and transfer PBT chemicals; and
• quantities of chemicals that are released, transferred off-site, and managed in the United
States or in a particular state or EPA region.
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REFERENCES
Bilateral Toxics Strategy. 1997. The Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy: Canada-United States
Strategy for the Virtual Elimination of Persistent Toxic Substances in the Great Lakes, March 27,1997.
Chemical Manufacturers Association. 1996. PTB Policy Implementation Guidance: Product Risk
Management Guidance for PTBs. Chemical Manufacturers Association, 1300 Wilson Boulevard,
Arlington, VA 22209.
UNECE. 1991. Organochlorines in the Environment. Task Force on Persistent Organic Pollutants.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1996. Waste Min: Where To Begin?
Recommendations of the Waste Minimization Prioritization Team on Risk-based Tools for Identifying
Priority Chemicals and Wastes. Washington, D.C.: Office of Solid Waste. Review Draft. July.
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GLOSSARY
Aquatic toxicity - the ability of a chemical or chemical mixture to cause an adverse effect in an aquatic
ecosystem. Aquatic ecosystems can be freshwater (e.g., pond, river), saltwater (e.g., ocean), or estuarine
(e.g., bay).
Aquatic Toxicity Reportable Quantity - quantity of a chemical that must be reported based on the
concentration that is lethal to one-half the population of aquatic animals under continuous exposure for
96 hours. Established for chemicals of concern under Section 102 of CERCLA.
Bins - as used in WMPT, categories used in scoring that correspond to "high, "medium," and "low"
concern.
Bioaccumulation - the accumulation of chemical substances in living organisms.
Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) - the ratio of the steady-state concentration of a contaminant in an
organism to the steady-state concentration in the ambient environment. Uptake of the contaminant can
occur through either food ingestion or direct contact. (U.S. EPA, 1996)
Bioaccumulation Potential subfactor - one of three chemical-specific properties used to score the Human
and Ecological Exposure Potential factors. It is the capacity of a chemical to accumulate over time in an
organism as a result of uptake from all environmental sources.
Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) - an indicator of the degree to which a chemical residue may accumulate
in aquatic organisms relative to the ambient concentration of the chemical in water. It is the ratio of the
steady state concentration of a contaminant in an organism to the steady-state concentration in the ambient
environment. Uptake of the contaminant occurs through direct contact. (U.S. EPA, 1996)
Biodegradation - decomposition of a substance into more elementary compounds by biological action.
(Cohrssen and Covello, 1989)
Cancer Effects subfactor - one of the two subfactors used to score the Human Toxicity factor. The
Cancer Effects subfactor addresses a chemical's potential to cause cancer.
Cancer Weight-of-evidence (WOE) - the extent to which the available epidemiologic, animal toxicity,
and other biomedical data support the hypothesis that a substance causes cancer in humans. WMPT uses
both U.S. EPA WOE and International Agency for Research on Cancer WOE classifications.
CAS Number - a unique number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to identify a chemical.
(Cohrssen and Covello, 1989)
Chemical List - a group of selected WMPT chemicals saved under a specific name that can be accessed
for viewing/editing and creating reports. WMPT users can create and save chemical lists.
Chemical Category Human Toxicity Rank - the rank for each chemical based on the Structure-activity
Team chemical category.
Chemical synonym - alternative chemical name for the same chemical.
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Glossary -1
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GLOSSARY
Chemical-RCRA Waste Code Cross-walk - a component of WMPT that designates possible associations
between several hundred Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) chemicals and RCRA
hazardous waste codes.
Chronic Lowest Observed Adverse Effects Level (Chronic LOAEL) - the lowest doses in an
experimental study at which a statistically- or biologically-significant adverse effect is seen in an organism
after exposure to an altered environment during a major portion of its lifetime.
Chronic No Observed Adverse Effects Level (Chronic NOAEL) - the highest experimental dose at
which there is no statistically significant increase in a lexicologically important effect in an organism after
exposure to an altered environment during a major portion of its lifetime.
Chronic toxicity - delayed or long-term toxicity. It may also refer to effects that persist over a long period
of time whether they occur immediately or are delayed. (U.S. EPA, 1992b)
Column - vertical arrangement of data from a specific field within a data table.
Community - an assemblage of populations of different species within a specified location in space and
time. (U.S. EPA, 1992a)
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) - a U.S. EPA aquatic toxicity measure that is an estimate of
the highest 1-hour average chemical concentration in water that should not result in "unacceptable effects
on aquatic organisms and their uses."
Dose - a measure.of exposure. Examples include (1) the amount of a chemical ingested, (2) the amount of
a chemical absorbed, and (3) the product of ambient exposure concentration and the duration of exposure.
(Suter, 1993)
Ecological Exposure Potential factor - a WMPT scoring factor that addresses chemical exposure to
ecosystems. It is scored using three chemical-specific properties: (1) persistence, (2) bioaccumulation
potential, and (3) mass.
Ecological receptors - an ecological organism that receives, may receive, or has received environmental
exposure to a substance. (Cohrssen and Covello, 1989)
Ecological Risk Potential - the WMPT score that indicates ecological risk. It is the sum of the Ecological
Exposure Potential factor and the Ecological Toxicity factor.
Ecological Toxicity factor - a WMPT scoring factor that addresses the potential for a chemical to cause
adverse effects on ecosystems. The Ecological Toxicity factor score is added to the Ecological Exposure
Potential factor score to generate the Ecological Risk Potential score. Currently, the Ecological Toxicity
factor is scored based on only one subfactor, aquatic toxicity.
Ecosystem - the biotic community and abiotic environment within a specified location in space and time.
(U.S. EPA, 1992a)
Exposure - measure of potential contact with a chemical or physical agent. In WMPT, exposure is based
on a combination of mass, persistence and bioaccumulation scores.
Exposure potential - the potential for contact with a chemical.
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Glossary - 2
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GLOSSARY"
Fenceline - thresholds against which WMPT data element values are compared to assign a high, medium,
or low score for a particular data element.
Field - an element of a data table that contains a specific item of information, such as CAS number.
Filter - a set of criteria applied to records with a data table in order to return or display a subset of the
records or to sort the records.
Final Acute Value (FAV) - a U.S. EPA aquatic toxicity measure that is calculated using one of the
following two methods: (1) the estimated concentration of a chemical in water corresponding to the lower
95th percentile of all of the measured acute values that have been conducted for the chemical, or (2) the
mean acute value for commercially or recreationally important species.
Final Chronic Value (FCV) - a U.S. EPA-derived measure of the highest four-day average concentration
of a chemical in water that should not cause unacceptable toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates during a
long-term exposure. FCVs are used by U.S. EPA to derive National Sediment Quality Criteria (SQC),
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLWQI) Tier I aquatic life criteria and Chronic Ambient Water
Quality Criteria (AWQC).
Geometric Mean Maximum Allowable Toxicant Concentration (GMATC) - geometric mean of the
lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) for the
most sensitive aquatic species.
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) - Enacted in 1993, this act places new management
expectations and requirements on federal agencies by creating a framework for more effective planning,
budgeting, program evaluation, and fiscal accountability of federal programs. The intent is to improve
public confidence in federal agency performance by holding agencies accountable for achieving program
results. (U.S. EPA, 1997)
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLWQI) Tier I Final Acute Value (FAV) - an acute aquatic
toxicity measure developed from a Tier I methodology similar to that of the National Ambient Water
Quality Criteria (AWQC).
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLWQI) Tier I Final Chronic Value (FCV) - a chronic aquatic
toxicity measure developed from a Tier I methodology similar to that of the National Ambient Water
Quality Criteria (AWQC).
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLWQI) Tier n Secondary Chronic Value (SCV) - a chronic
aquatic toxicity measure developed based on the GLWQI Tier I and the National Ambient Water Quality
Criteria (AWQC) final chronic values (FCVs). Tier H FCVs (i.e., the SCVs) have a less stringent
minimum data set than the Tier I FCVs.
Hazard - measure of the inherent lexicological properties of a chemical. As often used, this term can also
encompass inherent properties indicating the potential for exposure.
Human Exposure Potential factor - a WMPT scoring factor that addresses chemical exposure to human
receptors. It is scored using three chemical-specific subfactors: (1) persistence, (2) bioaccumulation
potential, and (3) mass.
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Glossary - 3
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GLOSSARY
Human Health Risk Potential - the scoring element in WMPT that is the sum of the Human Exposure
Potential factor and the Human Toxicity factor. The Human Health Risk Potential score is added to the
Ecological Risk Potential score to generate the overall chemical score.
Human receptor - a human that receives, may receive, or has received exposure to a substance.
(Cohrssen and Covello, 1989)
Human Toxicity factor - a WMPT scoring factor that evaluates chronic adverse effects to human health.
Human Toxicity is scored using two subfactors: (1) cancer effects, and (2) noncancer effects.
Hydrolysis - a chemical reaction in which water reacts with another chemical to form two or more new
chemicals. (Cohrssen and Covello, 1989)
Isorner - two or more compounds with the same molecular formula, but different arrangements of atoms.
(Kotz and Purcell, 1987)
List Identifier - a field created in a WMPT data table that contains 'yes' or 'no' flags indicating a
chemical's membership in a specific chemical list.
Log P or Log KO,, - the calculated value of the logarithm of the n-octanol/water partition coefficient which
represents the ratio between the chemical solubility in polar and nonpolar substances. Predictor of
tendency of chemicals to bioaccumulate in fatty tissues.
Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) - the lowest concentration of a substance evaluated in
an aquatic toxicity test that has a statistically significant adverse effect on the exposed organisms compared
with control organisms in a control.
Mass - the amount or quantity of a chemical (e.g., in a waste stream).
Mass subfactor - one of the three subfactors used to score the Human Exposure Potential factor and the
Ecological Exposure Potential factor. It evaluates the amount or quantity of a chemical (e.g., in a waste
stream) that is available for release to the environment. The mass of a chemical in a waste stream is used
as an indicator of the magnitude of exposure that could potentially occur once the chemical is released to
the environment.
Median Effects Concentration (EC50) - the concentration of a substance to which test organisms are
exposed that is estimated to be effective in producing some sublethal response (e.g., behavioral effects) in
50 percent of the test population. The ECSO is usually expressed as some time-dependent value (e.g.,
24-hour ECjo). (U.S. EPA, 1996)
Median Lethal Concentration (LCse) - a statistically or graphically estimated concentration that is
expected to be lethal to 50 percent of a group of organisms under specified conditions. (U.S. EPA, 1992a)
National Waste Minimization Measurement List - list of chemicals derived based on PBT scores and
other criteria that will be used by OSW to track progress toward the reduction goals in the Waste
Minimization National Plan and EPA's objectives under the Government Performance and Results Act.
No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) - the highest concentration of a substance evaluated in an
aquatic toxicity test that causes no statistically significant difference in effect compared with the controls.
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Glossary - 4
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_ __ _ GLOSSARY
Non-biological degradation - breakdown of a compound into simpler compounds by non-biological
means, such as chemical reaction. (Cohrssen and Covello, 1989)
Noncancer Effects subfactor - one of two chemical-specific properties used to score the Human Toxicity
factor. It is assigned a score based on toxicity measures that indicate a chemical's potential to cause
chronic noncancer effects.
Non-linear Biodegradation Model - predicts the estimated probability of rapid biodegradation based on a
binary model developed considering the biodegradation rates of 264 chemicals. The binary model was
constructed using 35 chemical structures, determining the contribution of each of these structures to the
degradation rate. The model predicts the probability that a particular chemical will be a rapid or a slow
degrader.
Non-wastewaters - wastes that do not meet the criteria for wastewaters. The criteria for wastewaters are
the presence of less than one percent by weight total organic carbon (TOC) and the presence of less than
one percent by weight total suspended solids (TSS).
Octanol- water partition coefficient (K^,) - a measure that indicates the extent of chemical partitioning
between water and octanol at equilibrium. A greater Kow indicates that a chemical is more likely to
partition to octanol than to remain in water. Octanol is used as a surrogate for lipids (fat), and chemical's
can be used to predict bioconcentration of that chemical in aquatic organisms. (U.S. EPA, 1989)
Persistence - the tendency of a chemical to remain in the environment without transformation or
breakdown into another chemical form (e.g., to require relatively long periods of time to be degraded by
microorganisms and/or by chemical processes). Persistence indicates how long a chemical is expected to
exist in the environment and, thus, be available for exposure.
Persistence subfactor - one of three chemical-specific properties used to score the Human and Ecological
Exposure Potential factors. As used in WMPT, it indicates the time required for a chemical to completely
biodegrade in the environment using the estimated biodegradation time from the ultimate survey model
and the estimated probability of rapid biodegradation from the non-linear model, and adjusted based on
measured biodegradation rates, predicted hydrolysis rates, and (where appropriate) metal category.
Photolysis - chemical decomposition induced by light. (Cohrssen and Covello, 1989)
Population - an aggregate of individuals of a species within a specified location in space and time.
(U.S. EPA, 1992a)
Prioritized Chemical List (PCL) - a draft relative ranking of 879 chemicals out of 4,700 included in
WMPT that have data for persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity.
RCRA Hazardous Waste Code - a label placed on a certain type of statutorily defined hazardous waste.
A waste code can define waste that contains a certain chemical or define waste that comes from a certain
industrial process. If a waste qualifies for a waste code, then it is considered hazardous under RCRA.
Record - a unit of storage in a data table comprised of data fields.
Reference Concentration (RfC) - an EPA estimate of the highest inhaled air concentration exposure for
the human population likely to be without appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.
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Glossary - 5
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GLOSSARY
Reference Dose (RfD) - an EPA estimate of the highest daily exposure by ingestion to the human
population, including sensitive subgroups, that is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleterious effects
during a lifetime.
Reportable Quantify (RQ) - the quantity of a hazardous substance above which if released the chemical
must be reported under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA).
Risk - the probability that a substance will cause adverse effects to human health or the environment under
specified conditions. Risk is dependent on exposure potential and toxicity.
Risk assessment paradigm - the generally accepted method of measuring risk, which establishes a
generalized risk calculation equation that denotes a multiplicative relationship between exposure and
toxicity (i.e., Individual Risk = Toxicity x Exposure).
Row - a set of data belonging to a record arranged in a horizontal formation within a data table, each
member of the row belonging to a field within that data table.
Secondary Chronic Value (SCV) - a U.S. EPA aquatic toxicity measure that is the estimated average
concentration of a chemical in water that should not result in "unacceptable adverse effects" on aquatic
organisms exposed for long-term durations (i.e., greater than four days). SCVs are derived based on the
GLWQI Tier II methodology, which has even less rigorous data requirements than the GLWQI Tier I
methodology used to calculate FCVs.
Slope Factor (q*) - the upper-bound linear term from EPA's model of the dose-response function for
carcinogens. The slope factor is used to estimate an upper-bound probability of an individual developing
cancer as a result of a lifetime of exposure to a particular level of a potential carcinogen. The higher the
slope factor value, the higher the carcinogenic potency. (U.S. EPA, 1989)
Structure-activity Relationship (SAR) - relationships of biological activity or toxicity of a chemical to its
chemical structure or substructure. (Sullivan, 1993)
Structure-activity Team Chemical Category - the SAT chemical category system contains both major
categories and subcategories for many chemicals. Descriptive categories, such as aldehydes or esters, were
developed by EPA based on either structure or function of chemicals. Over 150 categories based on the
SAT rankings of over 1,400 chemicals have been developed. A chemical with no SAT ranking can be
"assigned to" an SAT chemical category based on its structure or function. A human health hazard rank
for that chemical is then derived from the rankings of all SAT ranked chemicals in that chemical category.
Subchronic Lowest Observed Adverse Effects Level (Subchronic LOAEL) - the lowest dose in an
experimental study at which a statistically - or biologically-significant adverse effect is seen in an organism
after exposure to an altered environment over about 10 percent of its lifetime.
Subchronic No Observed Adverse Effects Level (Subchronic NOAEL) - the highest experimental dose
at which there is no statistically significant increase in a lexicologically important effect in an organism
after exposure to an altered environment over about 10 percent of its lifetime.
Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ) - the amount of an extremely hazardous substance present at a
facility above which the facility's owner/operator must give emergency planning notification to the State
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Glossary - 6
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GLOSSARY
Emergency Response Commissions (SERVCs) and Local Emergency Planning Commissions (LEPCs)
under SARA Section 302.
Toxicity - a measure of the potential for a chemical to cause adverse effects to living organisms or the
ecological systems. Also, the quality or degree of being poisonous or harmful to plant, animal, or human
life. (Cohrssen and Covello, 1989)
Ultimate Survey Model - predicts the estimated time for complete biodegradation of a chemical based on
the results of a survey of fifty experts who ranked 200 organic chemicals on their environmental
persistence.
Use Clusters Scoring System (UCSS) - a screening tool developed by the Office of Pollution Prevention
and Toxics (OPPT) that provides a screening-level scoring/ranking of chemicals based on the potential
exposure, potential hazard, and EPA interest. It identifies "use clusters" of chemicals (i.e., groups of
chemicals that may substitute for one-another in a given use) that may have high potential for pollution
prevention. (U.S. EPA, 1994)
Waste Minimization National Plan (WMNP) - released in November 1994, sets the following goals for
voluntary national reductions in the most persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals in hazardous
wastes: 25 percent reduction by the year 2000; 50 percent reduction by the year 2005. One of the stated
objectives of the Plan is to develop and distribute tools that stakeholders can use to identify their source
reduction and recycling priorities. U.S. EPA's Office of Solid Waste (OSW), working in partnership with
U.S. EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) designed WMPT to assist in meeting this
objective.
Wastewaters - wastes that contain less than one percent by weight total organic carbon (TOC) and less
than one percent by weight total suspended solids (TSS).
GLOSSARY REFERENCES
Cohrssen, J.J.; Covello, V.T. 1989. Risk Analysis: A Guide to Principles and Methods for Analyzing
Health and Environmental Risks. Washington, DC: United States Council on Environmental Quality,
Executive Office of the President.
Kotz, J.C.; Purcell, K.F. 1987. Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders College
Publishing.
Soukhanov, A.H., ed. 1984. Webster's II New Riverside University Dictionary. Boston, MA: Houghton
Mifflin Company.
Sullivan, T.F.P., ed. 1993. Environmental Regulatory Glossary, 6th ed. Rockville, MD: Government
Institutes, Inc.
Suter, G.W. 1993. Ecological Risk Assessment. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1997. EPA Reinvention Activity Fact Sheets.
Government Performance and Results Act. http://www.epa.gov/partners/reinvent/gpra.htm
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GLOSSARY
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1996. Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfimd: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments. Edison, NJ: Emergency
Response Team.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1992a. Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment.
Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum. February. EPA/630/R-92/001
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1992b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
Glossary of Risk Assessment-Related Terms. Cincinnati, OH: Office of Research and Development.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfimd:
Volume 1, Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). Washington, DC: Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. December. EPA/540/1-89-002.
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APPENDIX A
THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
This appendix presents the Waste Minimization Prioritization Tool (WMPT) chemical scoring
approach and its foundation. Section A.I introduces the current theory and practice of risk
screening for chemicals that form the foundation for the WMPT. Section A.2 presents the risk
assessment paradigm and how it relates to the structure of the WMPT. Section A.3 describes
the scoring algorithm and provides an overview of the factors, subfactors, and data elements
used in the WMPT. Section A.4 explains the scoring scales for the subfactors in the WMPT.
Section A.5 discusses the WMPT data quality hierarchies. Finally, section A.6 discusses the
limitations associated with the WMPT scoring approach.
A.1 INTRODUCTION
The WMPT scoring approach is consistent with the theory and practice currently used in many
risk-screening tools. There are many tools of various types that can be considered risk-screening tools.
Risk-screening tools are essentially priority-setting applications of risk assessment that involve some kind
of ordering of the items (e.g., chemicals), either by scoring and ranking them individually or placing them
in ordered groups (e.g., high, medium, low). While some of these tools may incorporate site-specific
information, such information generally is used in a different way and to a lesser extent than in actual site-
or chemical-specific risk assessments. Risk-screening or priority-setting tools emphasize the comparative
aspects of risk assessment—that is, the "relative risks" of two or more items, in contrast to their "absolute
risks," which are considerably more difficult and costly to estimate given current methods and the types of
data generally available.
Risk-screening tools typically incorporate major simplifying assumptions, simple models of
physical, chemical, and biological processes, and default values for many input variables. In fact, most
chemical risk-screening tools are based primarily, or even exclusively, on selected risk assessment
parameters, such as toxicity and other inherent properties of chemicals (e.g., bioaccumulation potential).
Because of their key role as determinants of human health and environmental risks, criteria related to a
chemical's persistence (P), bioaccumulation potential (B), toxicity (T), and mass (M) are among the most
important and frequently used criteria in priority-setting systems or risk-screening tools that address
chemicals.
Although there are important commonalities across many of the tools, as discussed above, there
also are many variations in design, screening criteria considered, criteria evaluation methods, algorithms
for combining scores, relative "weighting" of criteria, and rules for data use. Typically, a tool is developed
and applied for a specific use and is not considered directly transferable to other uses; that is, there is no
universally accepted risk-screening or ranking tool for chemicals, or wastes, or other similar items.
Given the lack of a consensus risk screening approach for chemicals that could be readily applied
to identify waste minimization priorities, U.S. EPA developed an approach built as much as possible on
generally accepted scientific theory and practice. This approach:
• Focuses on the key P, B, T, and mass criteria often used in risk screening;
• Scores these criteria as consistently as possible with approaches used in other Agency
programs; and
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APPENDIX A; THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
• Aggregates scores for these criteria by following the theoretical construct of the risk
assessment paradigm.
This appendix spells out the details of this approach.
It is important to note here that although WMPT follows the risk assessment paradigm, its
scoring approach does not constitute a standard risk assessment as commonly understood. The WMPT
scoring approach is a screening-level method, where a limited number of indicators of risk are
evaluated and readily available data are used. The scoring algorithm is not intended to be used as a
substitute for detailed risk assessment.
A.2 CONSISTENCY WITH THE RISK ASSESSMENT PARADIGM
The risk assessment paradigm states that individual risk is a function of toxicity (T) and
exposure (E).1 This statement yields a generalized risk calculation equation where risk can be regarded as
a multiplicative function of toxicity and exposure. The WMPT scoring algorithm is designed to be
consistent with this risk calculation equation:
Individual Risk = Toxicity x Exposure (or T x E)
[1]
See the accompanying box for definitions of
these terms.
Toxicity-related factors measure the
potential for the chemical or waste to cause
adverse effects to human and ecological
receptors in the event of exposure, as well as
the nature and severity of the adverse effects.
Toxicity factors are often based on the
relationship between the administered dose
of a chemical and the incidence of adverse
effects observed in the exposed population
(i.e., a dose-response relationship).
Exposure-related factors that are a
function of chemical properties include the
following:
Risk, Toxicity, and Exposure
Risk is defined as the likelihood that a substance will
cause adverse effects to human health or the
environment under specified conditions. Risk is
dependent on exposure potential and toxicity.
Toxicity is defined as the tendency of a chemical to
produce adverse effects in organisms following
exposure. Toxicity indicates, for a given exposure
level, whether adverse effects might be expected and,
if so, what kinds of effects can occur and how
severe/reversible they might be.
Exposure is defined as contact of an organism with a
chemical, and generally refers to the amount of the
chemical available for uptake at the organism's
exchange boundaries (e.g., skin, lungs).
The likelihood and
magnitude of potential or
actual release of a chemical
to the environment (e.g., the amount of chemical available for release, the chemical's rate
of release).
The potential for the chemical to be transported to receptors (e.g., the chemical's soil-to-
water partition coefficient).
The risk assessment paradigm conveys the conceptual relationship between several factors or phases that
in combination lead to risk; this concept has been formally described in the National Research Council's (NRC)
1983 publication, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process.
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APPENDIX A: THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
• The potential for the chemical to persist in the environment (e.g., the chemical's
biodegradation rate).
• The potential for the chemical to accumulate in plant and animal tissue (e.g., the
chemical's bioconcentration factor).
Other exposure factors not related to the chemical (e.g., size and location of exposed populations, duration
of exposure) are also important considerations in risk assessments. As a screening-level tool, however,
WMPT addresses only selected chemical-specific indicators of exposure.
The WMPT scoring approach uses the basic risk calculation equation to derive a measure of a
chemical's "risk potential." The final output of the WMPT scoring approach is an overall chemical score
that integrates two separate risk potential scores, each of which is derived consistent with the risk
calculation equation. The two risk potential scores in the WMPT are derived, using Equation 1, as
follows:
Human Health Risk Potential = Human T x Human E
Ecological Risk Potential = Ecological Tx Ecological E
[2]
[3]
In more detailed and comprehensive risk assessments, additional measures of toxicity and
exposure are used to assess different kinds of risks (e.g., cancer, noncancer, occupational) and to assess
risks more precisely. The general equations can be expanded to include many more terms and become
much more complicated, especially the exposure component.
In contrast, in screening-level tools such as WMPT, a small number of relatively simple measures
are used to represent toxicity and exposure. In WMPT, the toxicity "factor" is represented by one
"subfactor" each .for human and ecological toxicity, which is based on the dose-response characteristics of
a chemical for particular effect types. (The human toxicity subfactor is the higher of the cancer and
noncancer effects subfactors.)
The exposure factor, for both human health risk potential and ecological risk potential, is
represented by three "subfactors:"
• Mass (M), which is based on the amount of a chemical generated and potentially
releasable to environmental media, and thus potentially available as a source of
environmental exposure;
• Environmental persistence (P), which is based primarily on the overall rate of
biodegradation of a chemical in the environment; and
• Bioaccumulation potential (B), which is based on the equilibrium partitioning of a
chemical from environmental media (e.g., water) to biota (e.g., fish).
The scoring of these individual factors, and the algorithm used to combine individual factor scores into
overall scores, are based on the logic and relationships contained in the risk assessment paradigm, and,
more specifically, the generalized risk calculation equation. The subfactors representing exposure are
combined in a multiplicative fashion based on the relationships among these types of criteria in standard
fate and transport equations used to estimate exposure concentrations. Thus, for purposes of this scoring
system, Equations 2 and 3 become:
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APPENDIX A: THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
Human Health Risk Potential = Human T x (M x P x B)
Ecological Risk Potential = Ecological T x (M x P x B)
[4]
[5]
In a detailed risk assessment, when risks of human chronic exposures are being assessed, exposure
is often represented as an average (over a specified time period) chemical concentration in the
environmental medium (e.g., air, food, water) to which a person is being/would be exposed. In a
screening-level system such as WMPT, potentially releasable mass (represented by pounds of a chemical
generated or released) is used as a relatively crude, but widely available, surrogate for potential exposure
concentration. Persistence and bioaccumulation potential are used as "modifiers" of the mass to reflect the
way in which these physical/chemical characteristics affect a chemical's potential exposure concentration.
Persistence (represented by time required to biodegrade) is used to increase any score that reflects risk
potential, consistent with the way a chemical's resistance to degradation increases its long-term exposure
potential. Bioaccumulation potential (represented by bioconcentration factor, bioaccumulation factor, or
n-octanol-water coefficient (K^^.is also used to increase any score that reflects risk potential, consistent
with the amplification of concentration of bioaccumulating chemicals in biological systems, and thus the
increased exposure potential via food chain pathways.
The underlying data used to score all four subfactors included in the WMPT scoring approach
(i.e., T, M, P, and B) all vary over ranges of a number of orders of magnitude. The scoring scales,
therefore, can be roughly approximated by a logarithmic scale. For example, instead of presenting scores
ranging from 10 to 1,000,000, log values ranging from 1 to 6 would be used.2 When scoring Equations 4
and 5 are converted to log values, the T, M, P, and B subfactors are added rather than multiplied (to
maintain mathematical consistency), yielding the following equations:
Score for Human Health Risk Potential = Scores for Human T + (M + P + B) [6]
Score for Ecological Risk Potential = Scores for Ecological T + (M + P + B) [7]
Equations 6 and 7 form the essential construct of the overall WMPT scoring algorithm; the specific
factors, underlying data, and scoring and aggregation approaches are discussed in the following sections.
A.3 OVERVIEW OF THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
The previous section established the general theoretical construct (i.e., multiplying exposure and
toxicity) used by the WMPT scoring algorithm. This section provides more detail on the structure of the
scoring algorithm, including what individual factors and subfactors go into generating scores to reflect
exposure and toxicity, and how these scores are aggregated. The scoring of the factors and subfactors
related to exposure and toxicity is discussed at a conceptual level in this appendix; specific details are
presented in Appendices B and C, respectively.
A.3.1 Scoring and Aggregation Algorithm
As illustrated in Exhibit A-l, the WMPT scoring algorithm is designed to generate an overall
chemical score that reflects a chemical's potential to pose risk to both human health and ecosystems.
Mathematically, the overall chemical score is derived as the sum of two "potential-level" scores, one
reflecting the human health risk potential and the other the ecological risk potential of the chemical. The
As discussed later, low, medium, and high "bins" are used to represent the P, B, and T scores. Each bin,
therefore, would cover roughly two orders of magnitude, based on this example.
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APPENDIX A: THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
overall score, therefore, is derived based on a risk management decision to integrate both human health
and ecological concerns. This decision is based on the logic that chemicals of high concern from both a
human health and ecological standpoint are arguably a higher priority than chemicals that are of high
concern from only one or the other standpoint
The Human Health Risk Potential score is derived by adding two "factor-level" scores, one
reflecting the chemical's toxicity to humans and the other the chemical's potential for exposure (see
Exhibit A-2). As noted before, WMPT uses a small number of relatively simple measures to represent a
chemical's exposure potential and toxicity, consistent with a screening-level approach and with other
systems of this type. These measures are generally called "subfactors" in the tool. It is at the subfactor
level that WMPT actually evaluates chemical-specific data and generates scores. The Human Toxicity
score is derived by taking the higher of the two subfactor scores, i.e., (1) Cancer Effects, and
(2) Noncancer Effects. The Human Exposure Potential factor score is derived as the sum of three
chemical-specific subfactor scores: (1) Persistence, (2) Bioaccumulation Potential, and (3) Mass. The
addition of subfactor scores to obtain factor- and potential-level scores is based on Equation 6.
Similar to the Human Health Risk Potential score, the Ecological Risk Potential score is derived
by adding two "factor-level" scores, one reflecting the chemical's toxicity to aquatic ecosystems and the
other the chemical's potential for exposure (see Exhibit A-3). The Ecological Toxicity factor is scored
currently using only one subfactor—Aquatic Toxicity. The Ecological Exposure Potential factor score is
derived in the same way as (and is equal to) the Human Exposure Potential factor score. The addition of
subfactor scores to higher levels is based on Equation 7.
As shown in both Exhibits A-2 and A-3, scores are first generated at the subfactor level and these
scores are then "aggregated upward" until an overall chemical score is generated. A score for a given
subfactor is derived by evaluating certain "data elements" that appropriately represent that subfactor.
Appendices B and C describe how, in selecting the types of data elements to be used to score the various
subfactors in WMPT, EPA has tried to be as consistent as possible with approaches used in other chemical
screening methods and systems, particularly those developed and used within the Agency. The specific
subfactors and data elements are briefly discussed in the next two sections.
Exhibits A-2 and A-3 also show that the score for the Human Toxicity and Ecological Toxicity
factors can range from 1 to 3. The scores for the Human Exposure Potential and Ecological Exposure
Potential factors can range from 2 to 6, when scores for only the P and B subfactors are considered,
without incorporating the Mass score. Because the score for the Mass subfactor is derived as a continuous
variable, use of this score will alter the range of the Exposure Potential scores by an amount that is
application-specific. Thus, the scores for the Human Health Risk Potential and Ecological Risk Potential
each can range from 3 to 9, again, by considering scores for only P, B, and T, without incorporating the
Mass score. Accordingly, the overall chemical score based on PBT alone (without mass) can range from 6
to 18.
A.3.2 Subfactors Used in Scoring Toxicity
A chemical's toxicity is a key determinant of its risk potential. The WMPT scoring approach
emphasizes long-term or chronic toxicity; therefore, the WMPT exposure component stresses
bioaccumulation and persistence, both of which indicate the likelihood and potential magnitude of chronic
exposure. Chemical toxicity is represented in the WMPT algorithm by two factors: (1) Human Toxicity,
and (2) Ecological Toxicity. The Toxicity scoring approaches, including specific data elements, sources of
data, fencelines, and limitations, are described in greater detail in Appendix C.
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APPENDIX A; THE WMPT SCORIiNG APPROACH
EXHIBIT A-1
Overview of the WMPT Scoring Algorithm
Overall Chemical Score
Sum the two scores
I
Human Health
Risk Potential
Ecological Risk
Potential
Sum the two scores
I
Human Toxicity
Sum the two scores
I
Human Exposure
Potential
Ecological Toxicity
Ecological Exposure
Potential
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APPENDIX A: THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
EXHIBIT A-2
Overview of the Human Health Risk Potential Scoring
Overall Chemical Score
(6-18)**
Sum with the Ecological Risk Potential score
Human Toxicity
0-3)
Use higher of two scores
I '
Cancer
Effects
(1-3)
Non-
cancer
Effects
(1-3)
Human Health
Risk Potential
(3-9)**
Sum the two scores
I
Human Exposure
Potential
(2-6)**
Sum the three scores
Kev
( ) Range of scores, where 1 =
low, 2 = medium, and 3 =
high.
[ ]* The score for the Mass
subfactor is derived as a
continuous variable, where
score = 1/2logIOMass (in
pounds).
( )** Range of scores shown is
for persistence, bioaccumu-
lation, and toxicity only;
adding in mass score will
increase the upper bound of
the range.
Bioaccumulation
Potential
(1-3)
Persistence
0-3)
Mass
[variable]*
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APPENDIX A; THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
EXHIBIT A-3
Overview of the Ecological Risk Potential Scoring
Overall Chemical Score
(6-18)**
Sum with the Human Health Risk Potential score
Ecological Toxicity
0-3)
Use score directly
Ecological Risk
Potential
(3 - 9)**
Sum the two scores
I
Ecological Exposure
Potential
(2-6)**
Sum the three scores
1
Bioaccumulation
Potential
(1-3)
Persistence
(1-3)
|
Ma
[varia
( ) Range of scores, where 1 =
low, 2=medium, and 3 =
high.
[ ]* The score for the Mass
subfactor is derived as a
continuous variable, where
score=1/dogIOMass (in
pounds).
( )** Range of scores shown is
for persistence, bioaccumu-
lation, and toxicity only;
adding in mass score will
increase the upper bound of
the range.
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APPENDIX A: THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
Human Toxicity Factor
The Human Toxicity factor evaluates adverse effects to human health from chronic exposures.
Human Toxicity is scored using two subfactors: (1) Cancer Effects and (2) Noncancer Effects. The
Cancer Effects subfactor is assigned a score of l(low concern), 2 (medium concern), or 3 (high concern)
by comparing indicators of a chemical's likelihood to cause cancer (e.g., cancer slope factors or potency
factors) against specified fencelines. In addition, the weight-of-evidence associated with the cancer
potency or slope factors is used in a decision-rule framework to select the relevant fencelines for scoring
the cancer effects. The Noncancer Effects subfactor is scored by comparing indicators of a chemical's
potential to cause chronic noncancer effects (e.g., EPA Reference Doses (RfDs), Reference Concentrations
(RfCs)) to specified fencelines. The higher of the two subfactor scores becomes the Human Toxicity factor
score, as illustrated in Exhibit A-2.
Ecological Toxicity Factor
The Ecological Toxicity factor addresses the potential for a chemical to cause adverse effects on
ecosystems. The WMPT scoring approach currently uses one subfactor—Aquatic Toxicity—to score the
Ecological Toxicity factor. The WMPT algorithm may be revised in the future to address terrestrial
ecotoxicity. To the extent possible, measured or estimated chronic aquatic toxicity data are used. For
some chemicals, however, acute aquatic toxicity data are used to predict chronic values where they are not
available. A chemical-specific value for the highest quality aquatic toxicity data element available for that
chemical is compared to specified fencelines to assign a score of 1 (low concern), 2 (medium concern), or
3 (high concern).
A.3.3 Subfactors Used in Scoring Exposure Potential
Three chemical-specific characteristics, referred to as "subfactors," are evaluated to score the
Human and Ecological Exposure Potential factors: persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and mass. The
reader should refer to Appendix B for a more detailed discussion of the subfactor scoring approaches,
including the data elements, sources of data, fencelines, and limitations.
Persistence Subfactor
A chemical's persistence in the environment is a function of both biological and non-biological
degradation or loss processes. Biological degradation (i.e., biodegradation) processes degrade chemicals
into more elementary compounds through the action of living organisms, such as bacteria or fungi. Non-
biological degradation processes degrade chemicals through chemical reactions. The most important non-
biological processes are hydrolysis (i.e., reaction with water, or hydrogen ions or hydroxyl ions in water),
photolysis (i.e., reaction with sunlight in the air or in water), and oxidation (i.e., reaction with oxygen,
activated oxygen, or other free radicals, such as hydroxy radicals, in the atmosphere).
The WMPT scoring approach evaluates biodegradation and hydrolysis to score the Persistence
subfactor, using the following five data elements:
(1) estimated biodegradation time as predicted by the Ultimate Survey Model of
Biodegradation;
(2) estimated probability of rapid biodegradation as predicted by the Non-linear Model of
Probability of Rapid Biodegradation;
(3) measured biodegradation data (from the BIODEG SUM database);
(4) the estimated hydrolysis half-life from the HYDRO program; and
(5) the metal classification.
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APPENDIX A: THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
The scoring of the Persistence subfactor consists of a combination of fenceline and decision rule scoring
approaches (see also Section A.5). The first two data elements listed above are evaluated against specified
fencelines to determine a "preliminary" Persistence subfactor score, and the last three data elements are
used to modify this score. Based on the results of these evaluations, an overall Persistence score of 1 (low
concern), 2 (medium concern), or 3 (high concern) is assigned.
Bioaccumulation Potential Subfactor
Several chemical-specific measures can be used to evaluate a chemical's potential to
bioaccumulate. These measures or data elements include measured and estimated bioaccumulation factors
(BAFs), measured and estimated bioconcentration factors (BCFs), and measured and estimated n-octanol-
water partition coefficient values (log K,,w or log P).
The WMPT scoring algorithm uses three data elements to score the Bioaccumulation subfactor.
For most organic chemicals, the estimated n-octanol-water partition coefficient is used. For metals and
some organic chemicals, measured BAFs or BCFs are used. The chemical-specific value for the
appropriate data element is compared to specified fencelines to assign a score of 1 (low concern), 2
(medium concern), or 3 (high concern) to the Bioaccumulation Potential subfactor.
Mass Subfactor
The WMPT scoring approach for the Mass subfactor can use several types of data (e.g., TRI data,
waste stream data, discharge data) to indicate the mass, or quantity, of the chemical, depending on what
data are available to the user. The Mass subfactor is scored by mathematically transforming the potentially
releasable mass (e.g., based on the chemical's concentration in waste) or actually released mass (e.g., based
on discharge data) of the chemical. Specifically, the Mass subfactor score is derived as one-half of the
base 10 logarithm of the mass (in pounds per year) of the chemical in waste or released to the environment.
See section B.4.2 in Appendix B for an example of how the mass score is derived.
Use of this algorithm for the Mass subfactor achieves roughly the same scaling as for the other
exposure and toxicity subfactors, thus preventing mass from being any more (or less) influential than these
other subfactors in determining the overall score. Inclusion of mass in the overall scoring provides
important information on exposure potential and allows users to distinguish between two chemicals with
similar exposure and toxicity scores (the chemical with substantially higher mass will receive the higher
overall score, all other subfactor scores being equal).
A.4 SCORING SUBFACTORS
Three different types of approaches are used in WMPT to generate factor and subfactor scores
from quantitative data elements. One approach, called "binning," is used to derive scores for most factors
and subfactors, including Persistence (P), Bioaccumulation potential (B), and Toxieity (T). A second
approach, called "continuous-scale scoring," is used for the Mass subfactor. A third approach, called
"decision rule scoring" is used for cancer effects and persistence subfactor scoring.
A.4.1 Scoring Using "Bins"
The "binning" or "fenceline" scoring approach involves comparing the quantitative value for a
given chemical data element against predefined "high" and "low" threshold values for that data element,
termed "fencelines." In general, for most data elements, lower numeric values denote higher concern.
Thus, if the chemical-specific value for the given data element is greater than the "low" fenceline, the
subfactor is assigned a score of 1 (low concern). If the chemical-specific value is less than the "high"
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APPENDIX A: THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
fenceline, the subfactor is assigned a score of 3 (high concern). If the chemical's value for that data
element is between the "low" and the "high" fencelines, the subfactor is assigned a score of 2 (medium
concern).3 The fenceline scoring approach is the most commonly used scoring approach in WMPT. For
example, in scoring chlorobenzene for Noncancer Effects, the fencelines used for the data element RfD are
> 0.1 mg/kg-day for "low" and < 0.001 mg/kg-day for "high." Because chlorobenzene has a data value of
0.02 mg/kg-day for RfD, it receives a score of 2 for Noncancer Effects.
This binning approach, which is very commonly used in chemical scoring and ranking systems,
was deemed appropriate for scoring P, B, and T because they each can be scored using any of several
relevant, but different, data elements, and the binning approach readily allows all such data elements to be
placed on the same scale. For example, Human Toxicity can be scored either using Reference Doses,
which are in units of intake dose (mg/kg-day) and can differ by small values between chemicals, or using
Reportable Quantities, which are in units of pounds, and differ by relatively large values between
chemicals. Using continuous-scale scoring for data elements that have such different units of measure will
not allow them to be directly compared.
Another advantage of binning is that it takes into account that chemical data used in screening
systems often are not very precise, and grouping data into similar "bins" avoids the false sense that such
data are highly precise. Also, as the bins exist in WMPT, very small values and extremely high values for
certain data elements fall into bins, thus dampening (limiting) the influence that outliers can have on the
overall scoring.
Binning has some drawbacks, however. Because bins can cover a couple of orders of magnitude,
not all chemicals within a bin may be of equal concern. Also, there may not be a significant difference
between those chemicals that are at the "lower border" of one bin (e.g., the "high" bin) and those at the
"upper border" of the adjacent bin (e.g., the "medium" bin).
To reflect the substantial underlying scoring uncertainty, T is scored on roughly a double order-of-
magnitude scale; in other words, each bin includes roughly two orders of magnitude of toxicity, and the
difference between a scoring value of 1 and 2 (or between 2 and 3) represents a hundred-fold difference in
toxicity. Overall, therefore, approximately six orders of magnitude of quantitative variation in toxicity are
captured by this scale. While the P and B scoring scales are not explicitly double order-of-magnitude, they
are roughly comparable in that a one-point difference in scoring value represents about a two order-of-
magnitude difference in exposure potential.
A.4.2 Continuous-scale Scoring
The "continuous-scale scoring" method involves mathematically transforming the actual chemical
value for a given data element into a subfactor score. In assigning scores for the Mass subfactor in
WMPT, a "continuous scale" was used. The continuous scale approach to scoring was chosen for a couple
of reasons. Unlike P, B, and T data, estimates of mass may involve less uncertainty, depending on the
source of the data. Also, using continuous-scale scoring for the Mass subfactor allows one to aggregate
mass-based scores from smaller to larger "items" where there is an additive relationship between the items.
For example, it is possible to derive a mass-based score for each of several chemicals within a waste stream
and then aggregate those scores to derive a waste stream-level score.
By design, both the binning and continuous-scale approaches were made to be roughly logarithmic
in scale, and each step (e.g., going from a score of 1 to a score of 2) corresponds to roughly a two-order-of-
3 For some data elements, e.g., the cancer potency slope factor, lower numeric values denote lower
concern; in such cases, the fenceline logic is reversed.
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APPENDIX A: THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
magnitude (i.e., 100-fold) increase in the underlying data. One major overall difference, however, is that
"binning" has a finite range of scores and the "continuous scoring" range is more open-ended.
A.4.3 Decision Rule Scoring
The "decision rule" scoring method calculates subfactor scores based on a single or a combination
of multiple data elements, following a specified set of rules. This approach is used for scoring human
cancer effects and persistence. For example, a different set of rules apply in scoring cancer effects for the
Human Toxicity Factor, depending on what types of data are available. If a chemical has no cancer
potency data available, but its WOE classification is known, the chemical is assigned a score for cancer
effects based on the WOE itself, without considering any fencelines. In contrast, if a chemical has cancer
potency data available, but its WOE classification is unknown, the chemical is assigned a score for cancer
effects by assuming that its WOE classification is B, and fencelines for Slope Factor or RQ Potency Factor
relevant to a WOE classification of B are used.
A.5 EVALUATING DATA ELEMENTS BASED ON DATA QUALITY
The design of the WMPT scoring approach is such that several different data elements, all of
which vary in terms of "quality," can be used to score each of the subfactors that are part of the algorithm.
Based on generally accepted conventions of data use, especially within the Agency, all data elements are
grouped into generally three categories of data quality, i.e., high-, medium-, or low-quality, and higher
quality data are used preferentially, when available, for the scoring. Higher quality data elements generally
reflect a greater level of peer review and consensus in use. The data quality hierarchies for specific data
elements are discussed hi Appendices B and C.
As an example, the data quality hierarchy for scoring the Noncancer Effects subfactor under
Human Toxicity includes high quality data elements, i.e., the Reference Doses (RfDs), Reference
Concentrations (RfCs), Reportable Quantities (RQs), and Threshold Planning Quantities (TPQs); medium
quality data elements, i.e., Chronic and Subchronic NOAELs and LOAELs; and low quality data elements,
i.e., Human Health SAT ranks, and TSCA Section 8(e) submissions. To score chlorobenzene for
Noncancer effects, for example, data values are available for the chemical's RfD (0.02 mg/kg-day) and
also for its Chronic LOAEL (54.5 mg/kg-day). In this case, the RfD value is used preferentially over the
Chronic LOAEL value.
Allowing the use of data of varying quality in the WMPT ensures that a large number of chemicals
could be assigned scores based on their PBT properties, while taking advantage of the high quality data
that are available. In compiling the underlying database for scoring chemicals in WMPT, U.S. EPA
searched readily available and generally accepted sources and incorporated values for the specific data
elements for a given chemical, starting with the highest quality data element and working down through
the data quality hierarchy. In most cases where values for higher quality data elements were found, U.S.
EPA did not search for values for lower-quality data elements in order to conserve resources.
A.6 LIMITATIONS
There are a couple of general limitations associated with the WMPT scoring approach. Please
refer to Appendices B and C for a discussion of the limitations associated with the scoring of specific
factors and the sources of relevant data required for scoring.
• Use of WMPT does not constitute a risk assessment. The PBT scores reflect inherent
hazard only and, other than the mass of the chemical, WMPT does not incorporate any
site- or situation-specific factors in its scoring approach. The necessary simplifications
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APPENDIX A: THE WMPT SCORING APPROACH
that have been incorporated in WMPT make it unlikely that this scoring approach would
be fully consistent with rankings developed based on in-depth risk assessment (e.g., due to
the very few factors that are used to reflect either exposure or toxicity, compared to those
that are used in a risk assessment).
• WMPT rankings are only as accurate as the input data upon which they are based. Poor
mass data, for example, will produce less "accurate" rankings than more reliable mass
data.
• Discrimination among chemicals is limited because the underlying scales for most
subfactors are limited to three-category scales in the binning approach used.
A.7 REFERENCES
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1995. Final Water Quality Guidance for the Great
Lakes System, Final Rule. Federal Register 15366, March 23.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1994. Chemical Use Clusters Scoring Methodology.
Washington, DC: Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Chemical Engineering Branch. July 23.
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APPENDIX B
SCORING HUMAN AND
ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
This appendix presents the details behind the scoring of human and ecological exposure
potentials. Section B.I provides an introduction. Section B.2 discusses the scoring of
persistence. Section B.3 presents the scoring of bioaccumulation. Section B.4 explains the
scoring of mass.
B.1 INTRODUCTION
Two WMPT scoring factors address chemical exposure—Human Exposure Potential and
Ecological Exposure Potential. Each of these factors is scored using the same approach and indicators of
exposure potential. While a chemical's human and ecological exposure potential might well differ in the
context of a comprehensive risk assessment, at the level of detail and data availability for which WMPT
was designed, it was not feasible to differentiate between these factors. As shown in Exhibit B-l, three
chemical-specific characteristics, referred to as "subfactors," are evaluated to score the Human and
Ecological Exposure Potential factors: persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and mass.
EXHIBIT B-1
Exposure Potential Factors and Subfactors
Human Exposure
Potential
Ecological
Exposure Potential
Add scores
Add scores
Bioaccumulation
Potential
Persistence
Mass
These WMPT exposure-related subfactors measure
the following:
• The potential for the chemical to
accumulate in plant and animal tissue (e.g.,
the chemical's bioconcentration factor);
• The potential for the chemical to persist in
the environment (e.g., the chemical's
biodegradation rate); and
Exposure
Exposure is defined as contact of an
organism with a chemical, and generally
refers to the amount of the chemical
available for uptake at the organism's
exchange boundaries (e.g., skin, lungs).
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
• The magnitude of potential or actual release to the environment (e.g., the mass or amount
of chemical available for release, the chemical's rate of release).
Other exposure factors not related to the chemical (e.g., size and location of exposed population,
duration of exposure) are also important considerations in risk assessments. As a screening-level tool,
however, WMPT addresses only chemical-specific indicators of exposure.
B.2 PERSISTENCE
A chemical's persistence in the
environment is a function of both biological
and non-biological degradation or loss
processes. Biological degradation (i.e.,
biodegradation) processes degrade chemicals
into more elementary compounds though the
action of living organisms, such as bacteria or
fungi. Non-biological degradation processes
degrade chemicals through chemical reactions.
The most important non-biological processes
are hydrolysis (i.e., reaction with water, or
hydrogen ions or hydroxyl ions in water),
photolysis (i.e., reaction with sunlight in the air
or in water), and oxidation (i.e., reaction with
oxygen, activated oxygen, or other free
radicals, such as hydroxy radicals, in the
atmosphere).
Persistence
Persistence is the tendency of a chemical to remain
in the environment without transformation or
breakdown into another chemical form (e.g., to
require relatively long periods of time to be
degraded by microorganisms and/or by chemical
processes). Persistence indicates how long a
chemical is expected to exist in the environment
and, thus, be available for exposure. Environmental
persistence is a more important criterion for
assessing risks of long-term exposures than risks of
acute exposures. Relatively speaking, the greater
the persistence of the chemical, the greater the
potential for human and ecological exposure to the
chemical.
The WMPT scoring approach emphasizes biodegradation because it is the most important
degradation process for the majority of chemical substances released to soil and water, often determining
whether a substance is persistent or degrades relatively rapidly. Moreover, biodegradation in wastewater
treatment plants is a major pollution control process and often determines whether a chemical is released to
the environment in the first place. The WMPT evaluates biodegradation and hydrolysis to score the
Persistence subfactor, using the following five data elements:
(1) estimated biodegradation time as predicted by the Ultimate Survey Model of
Biodegradation;
(2) estimated probability of rapid biodegradation as predicted by the Non-linear Model of
Probability of Rapid Biodegradation;
(3) measured biodegradation data (from the BIODEG SUM database);
(4) the estimated hydrolysis half-life from the HYDRO program; and
(5) metal classification.
The scoring of the Persistence subfactor consists of a combination of fenceline and decision rule scoring
approaches. The first two data elements listed above are evaluated against specified fencelines to
determine a "preliminary" Persistence subfactor score, and the latter three data elements are used to modify
this score. Based on the results of these evaluations, an overall Persistence score of 1 (low concern), 2
(medium concern), or 3 (high concern) is assigned. The data elements and scoring thresholds used to
develop chemical persistence score are shown in Exhibits B-2 and B-3.
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
EXHIBIT B-2
Persistence Scoring Thresholds
Data Element
Predicted Persistence Score
Persistence Adjustment
— Biodegradation Rate
(Biodegrades fast, high reliability)
—Hydrolysis Rate
(Half-life less than 1 day at pH 7)
—Metal Category - Elemental Metal
Scoring Thresholds
High (3)
3
flag
flag
—
Medium (2)
2
reset to 1
reset to 1
—
Low(l)
1
—
—
—
Not Scored
—
—
reset to 3
B.2.1 Data Elements Used to Score Persistence, Including Data Sources
Predicting Persistence Using Biodegradation Models
For most organic chemicals, biodegradation in surface water, ground water, soil, and sediment is
the degradation process most critical in determining whether a chemical is persistent or degrades relatively
rapidly. However, experimental biodegradation data are typically lacking entirely or do not exist in a form
that can be easily incorporated into automated screening tools such as the WMPT. Using both qualitative
and quantitative data, as well as a number of structural or physical/chemical properties, predictive
biodegradability correlations and models have been developed to support EPA risk screening activities,
including those related to the new chemicals program, mandated under Section 5 of the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA), as well as the TSCA-mandated screening of existing chemicals by the U.S.
Interagency Testing Committee (U.S. EPA, 1994). Similar to the focus of WMPT, these models support
generation of quantitative or semi-quantitative estimates of biodegradation rates and estimate the
probability of rapid biodegradation for use at the chemical screening level.
WMPT uses information from two models of this type to determine the predicted persistence for
chemicals in the environment. The first model estimates approximate time required for complete
biodegradation of a chemical in typical soil and water environments, and was developed using knowledge
obtained from a panel of experts (Ultimate Survey Model). Model predictions are based on die presence of
chemical substructures such as halogen atoms (e.g., chlorine) and hydroxyl groups. The second model
provides an estimate of the probability of rapid biodegradation and is based on actual test data. It similarly
uses chemical substructures to make predictions (Non-linear Probability Model). The model values for
each chemical are entered in Exhibit B-3 and the predicted persistence rank taken from the final column of
this table. The WMPT predicted persistence scoring approach is consistent with that used in EPA's Office
of Pollution Prevention and Toxic's Use Clusters Scoring System (UCSS) (U.S. EPA, 1994), which is
used to support EPA's existing chemicals program. The development of each of these models is discussed
below.
Predicting Persistence Using Ultimate Survey Model
The Ultimate Survey Model (Boethling, 1989 and 1994; Howard, 1995) was created using the
results of a survey of 17 experts who ranked two hundred organic chemicals on their estimated rates of
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
EXHIBIT B-3
Predicted Environmental Persistence Chemical Scoring (Boethling, 1995)
Ultimate Surrey Model of
Biodegradatibn
_;2
>2tos3
> 3 to <; 4
> 4
Non-linear Model Probability of
Rapid Biodegradation
_____
_____
<0.5
;>0.5
Persistence Score
high (3)
medium (2)
medium (2)
low(l)
low(l)
primary degradation (loss of parent chemical identity) and ultimate degradation (conversion to CO2 and
water) under aerobic conditions.1 The 200 chemicals were selected to represent the diversity of organic
chemicals subject to review by EPA. The experts assigned each chemical an estimated ultimate
biodegradability time using the words hours, days, weeks, months and longer than several months. These
words were intended to suggest the approximate (order of magnitude) time that would be required for a
given chemical to degrade completely in typical aerobic environments in water and soil. In order to
develop an arithmetic mean of the ratings (words) assigned by the experts to each chemical, numeric
values were assigned as follows:
"1" indicated an estimated biodegradation time longer than several months
"2" indicated an biodegradation time in months
"3" indicated an estimated biodegradation time in weeks
"4" indicated an estimated biodegradation time in days
"5" indicated an estimated biodegradation time in hours
To further analyze the experts' rating, counts of the frequency of occurrence of 36 structural fragments
contained in each chemical were also completed. The structural fragments were selected based on
generally acknowledged rules of thumb concerning the effects of chemical structure on biodegradability.
After calculating the mean biodegradation "rate" as expressed on the above scale of 1 to 5 and
structural fragment counts, multiple linear regressions were performed on the data using the mean scores as
dependent variables and the structural fragment counts and molecular weight as independent variables.
Regression-derived coefficients were calculated for each independent variable. The result of these
analyses is the Ultimate Survey Model, which estimates the biodegradation time of organic chemicals on a
scale from one to five based on chemical substructure information. What the model actually calculates is
the numerical biodegradability "score" and this number must be related to the terms used by the experts
(days, weeks, etc.) for interpretation. Since the experts were not asked to estimate actual half-lives but
rather to use specific terms to describe biodegradability, this is in effect what the model calculates.
Assignment of fencelines using such a measure of persistence is straightforward, since any
reasonable analysis would suggest that chemicals requiring months or more to degrade completely (i.e., <; 2
in the model) should properly be placed in the high persistence category. Selection of a fenceline between
medium and low persistence is somewhat less obvious, but clearly any fenceline should designate
1 Documentation of the ultimate survey model has not yet been published. An earlier survey was conducted
using the same general method and can be found in Boethling, et al. 1989.
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
chemicals expected to degrade in days (= 4) or less as low. The WMPT designates chemicals in the range
<, 3 but > 2 ("weeks to months") as medium for persistence, but uses a second model, the Non-linear
Probability Model, to choose between low and medium persistence scores when the Ultimate Survey
Model prediction is in the range <, 4 but > 3 ("days to weeks"). The way this works is that if the Non-
Linear Model estimates the probability of rapid biodegradation to be low (i.e., < 0.5), the WMPT errs on
the side of conservatism by scoring persistence as medium rather than low.
To assess the accuracy of the ultimate survey expert estimates, experimental data for all survey
chemicals were retrieved from EPA's BIODEG file, discussed below. An approximate ultimate
biodegradation time was estimated for 13 of the survey chemicals with literature data. The estimated
biodegradation times were then compared to the mean expert estimate of ultimate biodegradability. The
expert estimates were found to be generally consistent with the experimental data (Boethling, 1994).
Predicting Persistence Using Non-linear Probability Model
The second model used in developing a chemical predicted persistence score, the Non-linear
Model of Biodegradation, generates an estimate of the probability of rapid biodegradation. This model
was developed from a file of evaluated biodegradation data for over 800 organics to support efforts to
predict the persistence of diverse groups of organic chemicals. This data file, called BIODEG, is a
component of the Environmental Fate Database, used by EPA to support the TSCA-mandated new and
existing chemical programs. In the BIODEG file, each test result is assigned a qualitative biodegradability
descriptor, such as BF (Biodegrades Fast) or BSA (Biodegrades Slowly even with Acclimation)
(Exhibit B-4). For each chemical, summary descriptors are then developed from the descriptors for
individual test results. The summary descriptors use the same codes (BF, BSA, etc.) and are developed for
each of several data types if data exist; e.g., there are separate summary codes for screening studies, grab
sample studies, field studies, etc. An overall aerobic biodegradability summary code is also developed, for
every chemical with at least one aerobic biodegradation study of any type. Finally, reliability codes,
indicating the amount and consistency of available data, are assigned to each summary code (but not
individual study results), following the scheme in Exhibit B-4. The summary and reliability codes are
placed in a separate data file called BIODEG SUM.
To develop the non-linear model of biodegradation, the frequency of occurrence of the same
structural fragments used in the Ultimate Survey model analysis, such as esters or tertiary alcohols that are
known from EPA's past experience to affect the rate of biodegradation, were counted for each chemical in
the database. To model the effect of each of these structural fragments on a chemical's probability to
biodegrade, 264 chemicals from the file that had good experimental biodegradation data and contained at
least one of the structural fragments were identified. Each of the chemicals was then classified as a rapid
or slow biodegrader. An indicator variable was developed in which all the rapid biodegraders were
assumed to have a probability of rapid biodegradation of one and all slow biodegraders were assumed to
have a probability of zero. The indicator variable was then used as the dependent variable in multiple
nonlinear regressions against the structural fragment counts and molecular weight. Based on these
calculations, the contribution to rapid biodegradation of each of the independent variables, structure and
molecular weight, was estimated. These results were then used to create a non-linear model that calculates
the estimated probability that a chemical is a rapid or a slow biodegrader based on structure and molecular
weight information. An estimated model probability greater than or equal to 0.5 indicates a rapid
biodegradation rate while a probability under 0.5 indicates a slow biodegradation rate.
To validate this model, the predicted non-linear biodegradation probabilities were compared
against a set of chemicals with consistent experimental biodegradation rates. The model was shown to
classify the chemicals with over 90 percent accuracy. It should be noted that the rapidly degrading
chemicals were classified more accurately than the slowly degraded chemicals (Boethling, 1994; Howard,
1992).
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APPENDIX B; SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
Limitations of Modeling
Several limitations of the model approaches discussed above are as follows:
• The structural approach to biodegradability modeling used in both the Ultimate Survey and Non-
linear Biodegradation Models does not take into account the possible interactions of fragments in
multifunctional molecules. However, these models do provide quantitative or semi-quantitative
estimates of biodegradation rates sufficient for use in WMPT chemical screening efforts.
• Both the ultimate survey and non-linear biodegradation models address only the estimated
biodegradation of the chemical, and do not account for the possibility of abiotic chemical
degradation through hydrolysis, photo-oxidation, photolysis or reduction. However, several
adjustment factors reflecting hydrolysis rates and uncertainty in biodegradation rates are applied to
the model-predicted persistence values as discussed below.
• The emphasis of the WMPT is on screening for persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals.
Therefore, aquatic and terrestrial exposure is of more direct interest than the fate of certain
chemicals in the air. Although predictions of high persistence from the models could indicate
potential for long-range transport of chemicals via air, deposition to surface waters, and resulting
aquatic terrestrial exposures, no satisfactory models have been identified that adequately predict
persistence in air for use in these chemical screening efforts.
Measured Biodegradation Data from BIODEG SUM
EPA began development of an environmental fate and exposure database in 1979 (Howard, 1986).
One component of this database, the BIODEG database, contains a large collection of test data on the
micrbbial degradation of chemicals. As discussed above, this data was collected for the purpose of
EXHIBIT B-4
BIODEG SUM Database Biodegradability Codes
Biodegradability Code
BF
BFA
BS
BSA
BST
MB
NE
Reliability Code
1
2
3
Description
Biodegrades at a fast rate.
Biodegrades at a fast rate with acclimation.
Biodegrades at a slow rate.
Biodegrades at a slow rate even with acclimation.
Biodegrades sometimes.
No biodegradation.
No evaluation.
Description
Chemical tested in three or more tests with consistent results.
Chemical tested in two tests or results in more than two tests are
interpretable but some conflicting data.
Only one test or uninterpretable conflicting data.
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
developing stracture/biodegradation relations (Howard, 1987). Due to issues with the test data, such as
pure vs. mixed culture studies, acclimation affects, direct or indirect measurement of biodegradation rates,
test protocols, and test reproducibility, biodegradability was assessed using a weight-of-evidence approach.
This approach assumes that as the number of consistent test results or test results for which apparent
resolvable inconsistencies increases, the greater the likelihood that the biodegradation indicator is a
property of the chemical rather than of the test system (Howard, 1987). This weight of evidence approach
was implemented by entering the data for each test into a database, evaluating the test data, and assigning a
biodegradability and reliability code as shown in Exhibit B-4.
A biodegradability code of BF-1 indicates that chemical biodegradation will take place rapidly
under most environmental conditions without any special conditions or acclimation, by which
microorganisms can degrade a chemical more rapidly. These chemicals can be degraded by species that
are widespread in the environment. The reliability code is an indicator of the amount of information
supporting the biodegradation rate code. A BF-1 code was used to adjust the WMPT persistence subfactor
score for chemicals based on ultimate survey and non-linear model of biodegradation rates. A WMPT
persistence subfactor score of medium was reset to low if the chemical had a BF-1 biodegradability code.
Chemicals with a persistence subfactor score of high and a BF-1 biodegradability code were flagged to
indicate that the "Potential Exists for Formation of Persistent Biodegradation Byproducts."
Hydrolysis Half-life from HYDRO
The hydrolysis rate of a chemical once released to the environment has a significant impact on its
persistence. Chemicals with relatively short half-lives are expected to hydrolyze quickly upon release to
the environment and should be assigned a lower persistence than those with longer half-lives. The
HYDRO component of EPA's Estimations Program Interface (EPI) application estimates aqueous
hydrolysis rate constants at 25°C for selected chemical classes, such as esters, carbamates, epoxides,
halomethanes, and selected alkyl halides. The hydrolysis rate constants are estimated based on the
chemical compound structure and are calculated from regression equations using experimental hydrolysis
data. The HYDRO program estimates acid- or base- catalyzed rate constants only; neutral hydrolysis rates
.are not estimated. Overall hydrolysis constants are the sum of the acid- catalyzed, base-catalyzed, and
neutral hydrolysis rate constants, therefore, if the neutral hydrolysis rate constant is the dominant constant,
the acid or base-catalyzed estimate will not be a true indication of the hydrolysis rate.
The estimated chemical half-life calculated by HYDRO is based on the total base- or acid-
catalyzed rate constant. A predicted chemical hydrolysis half-life value at pH 7 of less than 1 day was used
to reset a medium persistence subfactor score based on ultimate survey and non-linear model data to low.
Chemicals with a persistence subfactor score of high and a predicted hydrolysis half-life of less than 1 day
were flagged to indicate that the "Potential Exists for Formation of Hydrolysis Products."
Metal Classification
Data elements used to generate persistence scores for metals and metal-containing compounds are
not estimated by many of the modeling programs discussed earlier in this section. To generate a
persistence score for these compounds, WMPT chemicals were reviewed and classified into one of the
following five metal categories where appropriate: elemental metals; metal salts, such as organic or
inorganic salts of alkali or alkaline earth metals; other organic or inorganic metal salts; metal compounds
(other than salts); minerals, including metal silicates, metal sulfides, and metal oxides; and radionuclides.
WMPT chemical persistence subfactor scores were set to high for any elemental metals. One
limitation of this approach is that consideration of the behavior of the other metal-containing compounds in
the environment has not been incorporated into the persistence scoring methodology. The persistence of
metal-containing compounds in the environment will vary based on the physical/chemical properties of the
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
individual compounds. Some metal-containing compounds, such as minerals, may be expected to be
persistent in the environment when released to either water or solid media. Other metal-containing
compounds, particularly when released to water, may dissociate to metal ions and the corresponding
counter ions. The disassociated metal ions may potentially complex with other substances to form
precipitates, other relatively innocuous and non-persistent substances, or potentially toxic, persistent
substances. Factors affecting the persistence of metal-containing compounds include the media of release,
other species present in the media, and the pH of the media.
B.2.2 Persistence Scoring Limitations
Factors affecting persistence include the media of release, other chemical species present in the
media, the pH of the media, and the temperature. The models used to predict persistence values address
only the estimated biodegradation of the chemical, and do not account for the possibility of abiotic
chemical degradation through hydrolysis, photo-oxidation, photolysis, or reduction. In addition, these
models focus on release in water, and do not address the potential chemical partitioning through
volatilization from water into air, atmospheric oxidation, or soil adsorption. Adjustments to account for
hydrolysis and the rate of aerobic biodegradation were used; however, only limited data were available.
Additionally, persistence scoring data elements are not available for a number of metals and metal-
containing compounds. Elemental metal persistence values were adjusted as described in Section B.2.1;
however, the expected persistence of metal-containing compounds is not addressed.
Although these factors provide additional data valuable in estimating the expected persistence of a
chemical in the environment, the models incorporated into WMPT have undergone peer review and the
methodology is consistent with that used in many other similar risk screening activities (Boethling, 1994;
Howard, 1992,1986, and 1987). WMPT incorporates appropriate quantitative or semi-quantitative
estimates of persistence required for performing a chemical screening analysis.
B.2.3 Persistence Scoring References
Boethling, R. 1995. Memorandum, UCSS Persistence Scoring, July 21,1995.
Boethling, R.S., P.H. Howard, W. Meylan, W. Stiteler, J. Beauman, and N. Tirade. 1994. Group
contribution method for predicting probability and rate of aerobic biodegradation. Environmental Science
and Technology. 28:459-465.
Boethling, et al. 1989. Expert Systems Survey on Biodegradation of Xenobiotic Chemicals, Ecotoxicity
and Environmental Safety 18,252-267.
Howard, P. and W. Meylan. 1996. Estimation Program Interface EPA Version 1.36, Syracuse Research
Corporation, Environmental Science Center, NY.
Howard, P. and W. Meylan. 1995. User's Guide for the Biodegradation Probability Program. Versions,
March 1995. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Research Corporation.
Howard, P.H., R.S. Boethling, W.M. Stiteler, W.M. Meylan, A.E. Hueber, J.A. Beauman, and M.E.
Larosche. 1992. Predictive model for aerobic biodegradability developed from a file of, evaluated
biodegradation data. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11: 593-603.
Howard, P.H., A.E. Hueber, and R.S. Boethling. 1987. Biodegradation data evaluation for
structure/biodegradability relations. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 6: 1-10.
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
Howard, P.H., A.E. Hueber, B.C. Mulesky, J.S. Crisman, W. Meylan, E. Crosbie, D.A. Gray, G.W. Sage,
K.P. Howard, A.L. LaMacchia, R.S. Boethling, and R. Troast. 1986. BIOLOG, BIODEG and
FATE/EXPOS: new files on microbial degradation and toxicity as well as environmental fate/exposure of
chemicals. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5: 977-988.
User's Guide for HYDRO. (Undated). PC Software to Estimate Aqueous Hydrolysis Rates. Version 1.0,
undated. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Research Corp.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1994. Chemical Use Clusters Scoring Methodology.
Washington, DC: Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Chemical Engineering Branch. September.
B.3 BIOACCUMULATiON
Several chemical-specific measures can be used to evaluate a chemical's potential to
bioaccumulate. These measures or data elements include measured and estimated bioaccumulation factors
(BAFs), measured and estimated bioconcentration factors (BCFs), and measured and estimated n-octanol-
water partition coefficient values (log K,,w or log P).
For organic chemicals, WMPT uses predicted log Kow values to score the Bioaccumulation
Potential subfactor. For metals and inorganic metal compounds, WMPT uses measured BAF values to
score the Bioaccumulation Potential subfactor because log Kow values cannot be derived for these
compounds. Where BAFs are not available, measured BCF values are used to score the metal or inorganic
metal compound.
The WMPT data quality hierarchy
for bioaccumulation subfactors starts with
log Kow values and BAFs (both designated as
"high quality") and then proceeds to BCFs
(designated as medium quality). While this
hierarchy departs somewhat from hierarchies
that are applied elsewhere (e.g., EPA's Office
of Water specifies that measured BAFs
and/or measured BCFs are preferable to
log K,,w values), there are several important
reasons for adopting the WMPT approach:
• Predicted log Kow values are available
for many more chemicals than are
measured BAFs and BCFs. The use
of measured values would greatly
reduce the number of chemicals that
could be scored for persistence in
WMPT.
Bioaccumulation Potential
Bioaccumulation potential — the capacity of a
chemical to increase in concentration or accumulate
(be stored in tissue) in an organism as a result of
uptake from all environmental sources over a period
of time (U.S. EPA, 1995a). Bioaccumulation
potential indicates the degree to which a chemical is
accumulated by living organisms to higher
concentrations (sometimes much higher) than in the
surrounding environmental media. It also indicates
the degree to which chemical concentrations (and
thus exposures) may be magnified in food webs.
Bioaccumulation potential is a critical criterion for
assessing ecological risks and human risks via food
chain exposure pathways. All else being equal,
chemicals with higher bioaccumulation potential will
produce higher exposure levels than chemicals with
lower bioaccumulation potential, especially for
animals at higher trophic levels.
Measured BAF and BCF data tend to
be more specific to a particular site,
species, or set of test conditions,
which is why they are often preferred to log Kow data in other applications. For the type of general
chemical screening conducted with WMPT, the more general predictions of bioaccumulation
potential provided by log Kow data are arguably more relevant.
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
• Log K™, values correlate well with BAF and BCF values for chemicals that are
hydrophilic/lipophobic, i.e., that have log K^ values less than 5 (U.S. EPA, 1995a; Gobas 1993).
Therefore, log K^, values in this low to medium range are reasonably good predictors of BAF and
BCF values and of chemical bioaccumulation potential. Chemicals that are hydrophobic/lipophilic
(with log K™, values grater than 5) are expected to have high bioaccumulation potentials (with the
possible exception of a limited number of "superlipophilic" chemicals with log K,,w values greater
than approximately 8). Therefore, the fact that log Kow values may understate BAFs and BCFs in
this high range does not affect the "high" scores that WMPT would assign to them.
The WMPT data quality hierarchy for the bioaccumulation subfactor is generally consistent with
OERR's Risk Assessment Guidance (U.S. EPA, 1996) and OPPT's approach for evaluation of new and
existing chemicals (U.S. EPA, 1992), which specify that BAFs, BCFs, and/or log Kow values can be used
to assess chemical bioaccumulation potential in human and ecological risk assessments.
The WMPT Bioaccumulation Potential subfactor log K^ fencelines are similar to those used in
OPPT's evaluation of new and existing chemicals (U.S. EPA, 1992) and OPPT's approach to screening
the TSCA inventory for the proposed persistent bioaccumulators rule (U.S. EPA, 1989b). WMPT's log
K^,, high concern fenceline (greater than 5) is slightly higher than the fenceline (greater than 4.3) used for
these other efforts.
B.3.1 Data Elements Used to Score Bioaccumulation, Including Data Sources
Log K^ (logarithm of the n-octanol-water partition coefficient)
The log KOT, is a measure of the extent of chemical partitioning between water and n-octanol at
equilibrium (U.S. EPA, 1989a). The greater the log K^,, the more likely a chemical is to partition to the
octanol than to remain in the water. Octanol is used as surrogate for fat or lipids found in biological
organisms. Thus, the higher the log K,,w, the more likely a chemical will partition to (and accumulate in)
fats in biological organisms.
The WMPT accesses a data set of log K,,w values available for 17,000 organic chemicals. These
log K^, values were calculated using CLOGP 3.3 (Leo, 1985), a computer program developed at Pomona
College in conjunction with EPA's Duluth Laboratory, which uses the chemical's structure to estimate its n-
octanol-water partition coefficient, and EPA's EPI database (Howard, 1996). The criterion was used in
EPA's Environmental Hazard Communication (EHC) environmental toxicity evaluation (U.S. EPA, 1991).
The scoring fencelines for log K,,w correspond to those used in the EHC and are shown in Exhibit B-5.
EXHIBIT B-5
Bioaccumulation Scoring Fencelines
Data Element
LogK^
Bioaccumulation Factor
Bioconcentration Factor
Data
Quality
High
High
Medium
Scoring Fencelines
High (3)
*5
z 1,000
;> 1,000
Medium (2)
* 3.5 to < 5
;> 250 to < 1,00
* 250 to < 1,000
Low (1)
<3.5
<250
<250
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
Bioaccumulation Factor Data
Bioaccumulation is the process through which chemical substances accumulate in living
organisms. Bioaccumulation may occur directly through oral, dermal, or inhalation routes, or indirectly
through uptake via the food chain. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) is the ratio of a concentration of a
contaminant in an organism to the concentration in the ambient environment at steady state, where the
organism can take up the contaminant through ingestion with its food as well as through direct contact with
the medium (e.g., water, sediments) (U.S. EPA, 1996). The higher the BAF, the greater the
bioaccumulation potential. Most EPA guidance generally recommends field-measured BAFs as the best
data for assessing the bioaccumulation potential of organic and inorganic chemicals (although it may be for
very specific applications).
BAF data for WMPT chemicals were extracted from HWIR documentation (U.S. EPA, 1995b)
and OPPTs environmental fate ISISbase system. WMPT BAF scoring thresholds were set equal to
bioconcentration factor scoring thresholds. Exhibit B-5 shows the BAF scoring fencelines.
Bioconcentration Factor Data
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is a measure of the extent of chemical partitioning at
equilibrium between a biological medium such as fish tissue or plant tissue and an external medium such
as water (U.S. EPA, 1989a). The higher the BCF, the greater the expected accumulation of the chemical
in living tissue. BCF differs from BAF in that the BCF does not account for intake via ingestion of food.
In gathering BCF data, measured bioconcentration factors from fish are used preferentially to those
obtained from invertebrates, and those from invertebrates are used preferentially over measured values
from aquatic plants (U.S. EPA, 1995b). The calculated bioconcentration factor based on the n-octanol-
water partition coefficient is used only if values for the other exposure data elements are not available
(Howard, 1996; OPPT's environmental fate ISISbase system).
The scoring thresholds for the high, medium and low categories for bioconcentration factor data
were established by collecting data on a sample of chemicals and setting the limits so that one-third of the
sample set was assigned to each rank. The scoring fencelines for bioaccumulation were assigned to
correspond to those used by EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics UCSS. Exhibit B-5 shows
the BCF scoring fencelines.
B.3.2 Bioaccumulation Scoring Limitations
The tendency for a chemical to bioaccumulate is related to a number of factors, including:
chemical partitioning, diffusional transport across cell membranes, transport mediated by bodily fluid,
concentration effects related to biomolecule affinity, and biodegradation (Verscheuren, 1996). While the
WMPT bioaccumulation scoring methodology incorporates adjustments based on some partitioning effects
and biodegradation rates, several of the factors impacting a chemical's tendency to bioaccumulate are not
considered. However, the WMPT bioaccumulation data are generally sufficient to perform relative
chemical screening analyses.
B.3.3 Bioaccumulation Scoring References
Gobas, F. 1993. A model for predicting the bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic chemicals in aquatic
food-webs: application to Lake Ontario. Ecological Modeling 69: 1-17.
Howard, P. and W. Meylan. 1996. Estimation Program Interface EPA Version 1.36. New York, NY:
Syracuse Research Corporation, Environmental Science Center, NY.
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
Leo, A. and D. Weininger. 1985. CLOGP Version 3.3: Estimation of the N-octanoUWater Partition
Coefficient for Organics in the TSCA Inventory, Pomona College, CA.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1996. Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfiind: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments. External Review Draft.
Edison, NJ: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Environmental Response Team. August.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1995a. Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative
Technical Support Document for the Procedure to Determine Bioaccumulation Factors. Washington, DC:
Office of Water. EPA-820-B-95-005. .
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1995b. Technical Support Document for the
Hazardous Waste Identification Rule: Risk Assessment for Human and Ecological Receptors.
Washington, DC: Office of Solid Waste. August.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1992. Classification Criteria for Environmental
Toxicity and Fate of Industrial Chemicals. Washington, DC: Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics,
Chemical Control Division.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1991. Environmental Hazard Communication: Pilot
Study Project Package. Washington, DC: Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1989a. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfiind.
Volume 1. Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). Washington, DC: Office of Emergency and
Remedial
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1989b. Significant New Use Rules; General
Provisions for New Chemical Followup, Federal Register. July 27,1989. p. 31298.
Verscheuren, K. 1996. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, 3rd ed. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
B.4 MASS
As discussed previously, the WMPT scoring algorithm is modeled after the general risk calculation
equation, using relatively simple factors to represent toxicity and exposure. Factors used to represent
toxicity are discussed elsewhere. Factors used to represent exposure include environmental persistence,
which is based on the overall rates of biodegradation and hydrolysis of a chemical in the environment;
bioaccumulation potential, which is based on the equilibrium partitioning of a chemical from
environmental media (e.g., water) to biota (e.g., fish); and mass, which is used to generally reflect the
amount of a chemical that is released or is potentially releasable to environmental media, and thus
potentially available as a source of environmental exposure.
In terms of simplified risk-screening tools such as the WMPT, potentially releasable mass can be
used as a relatively crude, but widely available, surrogate for potential exposure concentration. Although
one can score and rank wastes based on only the PBT scores of the wastes' constituent chemicals, it is
apparent that for finer "resolution" of the rankings, mass of the different constituent chemicals needs to be
evaluated along with the chemicals' PBT scores. This is because a given PBT chemical is likely to be of
greater concern if it is present in larger quantities in a waste stream, all other things being equal.
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
B.4.1 Data Elements Used to Score Mass
The WMPT algorithm can use, as a surrogate for potential exposure concentration, measures of
mass that reflect either of the following:
• amount of a given chemical that is potentially releasable, which can be measured
as the mass of a chemical in wastes as generated; or
• amount of a given chemical that is actually released to the environment, which can
be measured directly as the mass released to specific environmental media.2
Given this structure of the algorithm, only one data element is used for scoring the mass factor, i.e., the
mass of the chemical. Several different data types and sources, however, can be used to derive a measure
of mass for this data element. For example, a user of the WMPT at the state, regional, or national-level can
obtain data on mass of chemicals released to the environment and/or transferred in wastes from EPA's
Toxics Release Inventory (TRT). Similarly, a user at a facility level may have facility-specific estimates of
chemical concentrations in wastes derived from waste analysis data, that can be multiplied by waste
quantity to obtain chemical mass estimates.
Unlike the other (PBT) factors used for scoring chemicals in the WMPT algorithm, the mass factor
will require input data each time the tool is used; that is, there are no mass data "resident" in the tool.
Thus, there is flexibility in the variety of data types or sources that can be used to score the mass factor,
because use of a particular data type or source will depend on the specific user and/or application of the
tool. It is important, however, that the same data type and source be used for scoring and ranking all
chemicals in any given application of the tool (i.e., all mass data should be internally consistent within an
application of the tool).
B.4.2 Mass Scoring Approach
Mass is used in the WMPT as a surrogate for potential exposure concentration. In turn,
persistence and bioaccumulation potential are used as "modifiers" of the mass to reflect the way in which
these physical/chemical characteristics affect a chemical's potential exposure concentration. In concept,
mass is scored on a continuous, not categorical, scale such that there are no pre-defined high or low
fencelines used to derive the mass factor score. Use of the continuous scale in this case allows more
discrimination and does not "compress" the data. Persistence acts to retain available mass, consistent with
the way a chemical's resistance to degradation increases its exposure potential. Similarly, bioaccumulation
potential acts to increase available mass, consistent with the amplification of concentration of
bioaccumulating chemicals in biological systems, and thus the increased exposure potential via food chain
pathways.
In the underlying WMPT algorithm, mass is scored on a continuous logarithmic scale, with the
score derived by taking half of the base 10 log of the pounds of a chemical present in wastes or released to
the environment.
Mass score =
Iog10 chemical mass (pounds per year)
2
2 Other measures of mass, such as concentration of a chemical in products or quantity of chemical used in
industrial processes, can potentially be used in this context, but may be less relevant for a tool that focuses on wastes
as generated or as released to the environment.
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APPENDIX B: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE POTENTIAL
This approach is best illustrated with an example.
The WMPT user is prioritizing the emissions from a certain chemical plant in 1995. The amount
of benzene emitted in that year was 4,586 pounds. This mass emitted is scored in the WMPT as
follows:
Mass score = Iogi0 (chemical mass in pounds) / 2
= logjo (4,586)7 2
= 1.83
The mass score for benzene in this case, therefore, is 1.83.
The log of the mass is divided by two so that one scale point covers two orders of magnitude of
mass. The division by two is needed for the mass scale to be commensurate with the double order-of-
magnitude toxicity and exposure scales, i.e., to make a mass score difference of 1 point (e.g., from 1 to 2)
represent a two order-of-magnitude difference in mass. For example, 100 pounds would be scored as a 1
and 10,000 pounds would be scored as a 2. This is appropriate because, to be consistent with the general
risk assessment equation, a hundred-fold increase in "exposure" (i.e., releasable mass) should have
approximately the same impact on score as a hundred-fold increase in toxicity.
As shown in the flowchart for the WMPT algorithm, a mass score derived in this manner is then
added to the P, B, and (human) T scores, to derive the Human Risk Potential score. Similarly, this same
mass score is added to the P, B, and (ecological) T scores to derive the Ecological Risk Potential score.
DRAFT
B-14
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APPENDIX C
SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL
TOXICITY
This appendix presents the WMPT scoring approach in regards to chemical toxicity, which is
a key determinant of risk potential. Chemical toxicity is represented in the WMPT algorithm
by the factors Human Toxicity and Ecological Toxicity. Section C.I presents the human
toxicity scoring rationale, and discusses the scoring elements, data quality hierarchies, and
limitations. Section C.2 presents the ecological toxicity scoring approach and describes the
data elements, data quality hierarchies, fencelines, and limitations.
A chemical's toxicity is a key determinant of its risk potential. The WMPT toxicity scoring
approach emphasizes long-term or chronic toxicity; and the WMPT exposure component stresses
bioaccumulation and persistence, both of which
indicate the likelihood and potential magnitude of
chronic exposure. Chemical toxicity is
represented in the WMPT algorithm by two
factors: (1) Human Toxicity and (2) Ecological
Toxicity.
Toxicity-related factors measure the
potential for the chemical or waste to cause
adverse effects to human and ecological receptors
in the event of exposure, as well as the nature and
severity of the adverse effects. Toxicity factors
are often based on the relationship between the ^^^~~~~~~~"~~~"
administered dose of a chemical and the incidence
of adverse effects observed in the exposed population (i.e., a dose-response relationship). The data
elements used to score human and ecological toxicity for WMPT chemical screening purposes are
described in this appendix.
Toxicity
Toxicity is defined as the tendency of a chemical
to produce adverse effects in organisms
following exposure. Toxicity indicates, for a
given exposure level, whether adverse effects
might be expected and, if so, what kinds of
effects can occur and how severe/reversible they
might be.
C.1 HUMAN TOXICITY
The Human Toxicity factor evaluates
adverse effects to human health from chronic
exposures. Human Toxicity is scored using two
subfactors: (1) Cancer Effects and (2)
Noncancer Effects. The Cancer Effects
subfactor is assigned a score of 1 (low concern),
2 (medium concern), or 3 (high concern) by
comparing indicators of a chemical's likelihood
to cause cancer (e.g., cancer slope factors or
potency factors) against specified fencelines. In
addition, the weight-of-evidence associated with
the cancer potency or slope factors is used in a
decision-rule framework to select the relevant
fencelines for scoring the cancer effects. The
Noncancer Effects subfactor is scored by
EXHIBIT C-1
Human Toxicity Factor Scoring
Human Toxicity
f
Higher of two scores
t 1
Cancer
Effects
Noncancer
Effects
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C-1
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
comparing indicators of a chemical's potential to cause chronic noncancer effects such as reproductive or
developmental abnormalities (e.g., EPA Reference Doses (RfDs), Reference Concentrations (RfCs)) to
specified fencelines. The higher of the two subfactor scores becomes the Human Toxicity factor score, as
illustrated in Exhibit C-l.
The chemical human toxicity score is based on toxicity indices from several EPA sources as well
as experimental data value reported in the scientific literature. Exhibit C-2 lists the different data elements
that may be used to score the Human Toxicity factor and indicates the data quality of each data element.
Data quality is based on the amount of peer review that a particular study has undergone and not on the
particular value of the study. Exhibit C-3 presents the total number of chemical in WMPT that were
scored for human toxicity, the number of chemicals that were scored based on each individual data element
in the Human Toxicity factor scoring hierarchy, and how many chemicals were scored at each data quality
level. Numbers are presented for both the entire set of chemicals in WMPT (approximately 4,700) and the
subset of chemicals on the Draft Prioritized Chemical List (PCL) (approximately 880). It should be noted
that a chemical may have a value for more than one data element; therefore, the numbers and percentages
in the first and third columns in the table do not add up to the totals.
•v
If data elements of high quality are available, the highest of the scores based on these data is taken
as the chemical score. If no data of high quality are available, then medium quality data are collected and
again the highest score based on these data becomes the chemical score; if those are lacking, data of low
quality are used. Some further, conservative judgments are applied when scoring a unique group of
chemicals, the metals. In WMPT, metals are scored for human health concerns as they appear in the
database as elemental metals, salts, or other species, except in some instances when data were extremely
limited and so the elemental form was chosen as the basis for the overall score. Further, in those cases
where data on a metal group are limited, the closest analog (through molecular adjustment) is chosen as
the basis for scoring, unless a form of the metal is known to exhibit greater environmental toxicity than the
chosen analog.
The highest quality human toxicity data elements are the EPA oral cancer slope factors (used with
the EPA cancer classifications), RfDs, and RfCs. These data elements, and several others used in human
toxicity scoring are available from EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). The data in IRIS
EXHIBIT C-2
Human Toxicity Data Elements and Data Quality Hierarchy
Data Element
Reference Dose (RfD)
Reference Concentration (RfC)
Reportable Quantity (RQ)
Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ)
Cancer Potency Slope Factor (q*)
RQ Potency Factor
Chronic NOAEL
Chronic LOAEL
Subchronic NOAEL
Subchronic LOAEL
Cancer Weight-of-Evidence
Human Health Structure Activity Team Rank
Chemical Category Human Toxicity Estimate
TSCA §8(e) Submission
Data Quality
High
Medium
Low
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C-2
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
EXHIBIT C-3
Frequency Distribution of Human Toxicity Factor Data
Elements Used to Score Chemicals in WMPT
Data Element
Total Number of Chemicals Scored
for Human Toxicity
Reference Concentration
Reference Dose
Reportable Quantity
Threshold Planning Quantity
Cancer Potency Slope Factor
RQ Potency Slope Factor
Chronic Lowest Observed Adverse
Effect Level
Chronic No Observed Adverse Effect
Level
Subchronic Lowest Observed
Adverse Effect Level
Subchronic No Observed Adverse
Effect Level
Cancer Weight-of-evidence
Human Health Structure Activity
Team Rank
Chemical Category Human Toxicity
Estimate
TSCA Section 8(e) Submission
All Chemicals (4,727 chemicals)
Number
(Percentage)
of Chemicals
with Data
Element
Number
(Percentage) of
Chemicals Scored
Based on One or
More Data Elements
in Data Quality
Category
2,567 (54.3%)
79 (2%)
360 (8%)
311 (7%)
381 (8%)
136 (3%)
131 (3%)
166 (4%)
241 (5%)
0 (0%)
4 (0.08%)
268 (6%)
715 (15%)
2,041 (43%)
223 (5%)
High Data Quality
868 (18.4%)
Medium Data Quality
60 (1.3%)
Low Data Quality
1,639 (34.7%)
PCL Only (879 chemicals)
Number
(Percentage)
of Chemicals
with Data
Element
Number
(Percentage) of
Chemicals Scored
Based on One or
More Data Elements
in Data Quality
Category
879 (100%)
58 (7%)
292 (33%)
188(21%)
172 (20%)
120 (14%)
105 (12%)
144 (16%)
195 (22%)
0 (0%)
2 (0.2%)
188(21%)
397 (45%)
622 (71%)
150(17%)
High Data Quality
515 (58.6%)
Medium Data Quality
26 (3.0%)
Low Data Quality
338 (38.5%)
represent EPA's consensus scientific positions on potential adverse effects that may result from exposure
to environmental contaminants (U.S. EPA, 1993). The data summarized in IRIS are used to support two of
the four major steps of EPA's risk assessment process as described in the National Research Council's
(NRC) 1983 publication, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. The NRC
publication describes the risk assessment process as consisting of the following four major steps: hazard
identification, dose-response evaluation, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Similar to the
intended use of this data by WMPT, IRIS data are commonly used to support the first two steps, hazard
identification and dose-response evaluation. Combined with specific situational exposure assessment
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C-3
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APPENDIX C; SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
information, the summary information in IRIS may be used as one source of evaluating potential health
risks associated with chemicals (U.S. EPA, 1993).
The fencelines used to score the Noncancer Effects subfactor are presented in Exhibit C-5. The
fencelines used to score the Cancer Effects subfactor are presented in Exhibit C-6.
C.1.1 Data Elements Used in Noncancer Effects Scoring, Including Data Sources
Reference Dose and Reference Concentration - High Quality
The reference dose (RfD) is an EPA estimate of the highest daily oral exposure to the human
population, including sensitive subgroups, that is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleterious effects
during a lifetime. RfDs are developed using an assessment method that assumes there is a dose below
which no adverse affects will occur. (U.S. EPA, 1993) The reference concentration (RfC) is an analogous
estimate of the inhaled air concentration for the human population likely to be without appreciable risk of
deleterious effects during a lifetime. The RfC considers effects on the respiratory tract as well as systemic
effects. Several adjustments related to the physical state of the chemical and the type of effect are used to
scale the experimental RfC to human equivalent.
Both the RfD and RfC are found on either the Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables
(HEAST) (U.S. EPA, 1994a) or in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (U.S. EPA, 1997). The
former is a comprehensive list consisting almost entirely of provisional risk assessment information relative
to oral and inhalation routes for chemicals of interest to Superfund, the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA), and the EPA in general. Entries on HEAST are limited to chemicals that have
undergone review, have the concurrence of individual Agency program offices and are supported by an
Agency reference. This risk assessment information has not had enough review to be recognized as
Agency-wide consensus information. Two exceptions are the chemicals on the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the Drinking Water Criteria Document (DWCD) series whose
information is of extremely high quality and appears on HEAST. IRIS is the Agency's official repository
of Agency-wide consensus chronic human health risk information. IRIS evaluations are conducted by the
Agency's Work Group Review process that leads to internal Agency scientific consensus regarding the risk
information on the chemical. Both IRIS and HEAST are available through the National Technical
Information Service. IRIS is available on disk and is updated monthly within EPA and quarterly through
the service; HEAST is available only in hardcopy and is updated annually.
The scoring fencelines for RfDs and RfCs are identical to those used to support the existing
chemicals program by the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics' (OPPT) Use Clusters Scoring System
(UCSS) (U.S. EPA, 1994b). The UCSS RfD and RfC thresholds were established to screen chemicals
relative to one another by using the set of chemicals with RfDs and RfCs reported in IRIS and creating
classifications of low, medium and high based on an approximate 1:2:1 distribution of the number of
chemicals in this set. In addition, the RfD thresholds are identical to those used in the Toxic Release
Inventory Risk Screening Guide (U.S. EPA, 1989a).
Reportable Quantity - High Quality
The reportable quantity (RQ) was derived from EPA's Reportable Quantities Database (U.S. EPA,
1994c). This database contains regulatory and technical data on more than 950 hazardous substances that
are designated, or planned for designation under Section 101(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA). The database was first developed in the early
1980s by EPA's Emergency Response Division (ERD). For each chemical in the database, test data is
entered and assigned an underlying RQ code. The Technical Background Document to Support
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
EXHIBIT C-4
Human Toxicity Scoring Fencelines - Noncancer Effects
Data Element
Reference Dose (RfD)1
Reference Concentration (RfC)1
Reportable Quantity (RQ)1
Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ)2
Chronic NOAEL
Chronic LOAEL
Subchronic NOAEL
Subchronic LOAEL
Human Health Structure Activity
Team Rank ,
Chemical Category Human Toxicity
Estimate
TSCA §8(e) Submission
Data Quality
High
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Scoring Fencelines
High (3)
< 0.001 mg/kg/day
< 0.002 mg/m
1, 10 Ib
1, 10 Ib
<0.1 mg/kg/day
< 1 mg/kg/day
< 1 mg/kg/day
< 10 mg/kg/day
High
3
3
Medium (2)
0.001 -0.1 mg/kg/day
0.002 - 0.2 mg/m
100, 1,000 Ib
100, 500 Ib
0.1 -10 mg/kg/day
1 - 100 nig/kg/day
1 - 100 mg/kg/day
10 -1,000 mg/kg/day
Medium-high, Medium
2
2
Low(l)
>0.1 mg/kg/day
> 0.2 mg/m
5,000 Ib
1,000, 10,000 Ib
> 10 mg/kg/day
> 100 mg/kg/day
> 100 mg/kg/day
> 1,000 mg/kg/day
Low-medium, Low
1
1
1 Scoring thresholds (i.e., fencelines) were calculated using data collected through August 1994.
2 Scoring thresholds were based on values in the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide.
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C-5
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APPENDIX C; SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
EXHIBIT C-5
Human Toxfclty Scoring Fencelines - Cancer Effects
Data Element
If WOE = A then
q,' (Cancer Potency)1
RQ Potency Factors1 •
No q,*or RQ available
If WOE = B or no WOE available then
qi* (Cancer Potency)1
RQ Potency Factors'
No q,'or RQ available (WOE = B
only)
If WOE = C then
qi* (Cancer Potency)1
RQ Potency Factors'
No q,*or RQ available
Data Quality
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
Scoring Fencelines
High (3)
>1 /mg/kg/day
>10/mg/kg/day
High
> 1 /mg/kg/day
> 10 /mg/kg/day
> 10 /mg/kg/day
> 80 /mg/kg/day
Medium (2)
0.01 - 1 /mg/kg/day
0.2 -10 /mg/kg/day
0.01 - 1 /mg/kg/day
0.2 - 10 /mg/kg/day
Medium
0.1 -10 /mg/kg/day
1-80 /mg/kg/day
Medium
Lowtt)
< 0.01 /mg/kg/day
< 0.2 /mg/kg/day
< 0.01 /mg/kg/day
< 0.2 /mg/kg/day
< 0.1 /mg/kg/day
< 1 /mg/kg/day
1 Scoring thresholds (i.e., fencelines) were calculated using data collected through August 1994.
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
Rulemaking Pursuant to CERCLA Section 102, Volumes 1, 2, and 3, describe the assignment process in
detail (U.S. EPA, 1989b). The database contains the following data used in developing statutory RQs:
aquatic toxicity, acute mammalian toxicity data (including oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure),
potential carcinogenicity, chronic toxicity, ignitability, and reactivity.
WMPT underlying RQ values were selected based on chronic toxicity test data and carcinogenicity
test data from the Reportable Quantities Database. The underlying RQ values associated with chronic test
data range from 10 to 5,000 pounds. The underlying RQ values associated with carcinogenic studies were
entered in the database as high, medium, and low. To convert the carcinogenic underlying RQ data to a
numerical scale consistent with the chronic toxicity test data, the high, medium, and low entries were
converted to RQ values of 1,10, and 100 pounds, respectively. The scoring thresholds for RQs are
identical to those used to support the existing chemicals program by the OPPT's UCSS (U.S. EPA,
1994b). The UCSS RQ thresholds were established to screen chemicals relative to one another by using
the set of chemicals in IRIS with both statutory RQs and RfDs reported. The scoring thresholds were
calculated based on a 1:2:1 distribution. In addition, these thresholds are similar to the RQ thresholds used
in the Toxic Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide (U.S. EPA, 1989a).
Threshold Planning Quantity - High Quality
Threshold Planning Quantities (TPQs) are the amounts of extremely hazardous substances present
at a facility above which the facility's owner/operator must give emergency planning notification to the
State Emergency Response Committee and the Local Emergency Planning Committee under the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act Section 302 (U.S. EPA, 1987). The list of extremely hazardous
substances which have TPQs was established by EPA to identify chemical substances that could cause
serious and irreversible health effects from accidental releases. This extremely hazardous substances list
was based on consideration of the inherent acute toxicity of a chemical. The physical and chemical
properties of substances on the list were considered in establishing TPQs but were not used as criteria for
including the chemical on the list. TPQs also take into account the tendency for chemicals (primarily
liquid substances) to become airborne.
EPA developed chemical TPQ levels by considering all available LC50 and LCLt> values with
exposure periods up to 8 hours or with no reported exposure period. The actual chemical TPQ values were
developed using a dispersion/toxicity ranking method. This method allowed EPA to assign chemicals a
TPQ using an index that accounts for both the chemical toxicity and the potential for the chemical to
become airborne in an accidental release. The potential for a chemical to become airborne was assessed
based on an evaluation of the chemical's physical state and volatility. These indices were then combined
to determine a chemical ranking factor. This approach results in a relative ranking and assignment of each
chemical to one of a series of TPQ categories, but does not give a measure of absolute risk. Chemicals
with a low ranking factor, or the highest concern, were assigned a TPQ of 1 pound. EPA believes that the
one pound quantity represents a reasonable lower limit for the most extremely hazardous substances on the
list (U.S. EPA, 1987). Chemicals with the highest factor, or the lowest concern, were assigned a TPQ of
10,000 pounds to ensure that facilities handling bulk quantities of any extremely hazardous substance
would be required to notify the State Commission. Between the 1 and 10,000 pound limits, chemicals
were assigned to intermediate categories of 10,100, 500, and 1,000 pounds based on order of magnitude
ranges in the ranking factors. The intermediate categories were based on standard industrial container
sizes between one and 10,000 pounds. TPQs were developed to provide a "first cut" for community
emergency response planners. TPQs are not considered absolute levels above which the substances are
dangerous and below which they pose no threat.
The WMPT scoring threshold for TPQs were based on the values in the Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory Risk Screening Guide (U.S. EPA, 1989a) and are consistent with the methodology used by EPA
to develop the TPQs. Extremely hazardous substances expected to pose the greatest risk to human health,
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APPENDIX C; SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
with a TPQ of 1 pound or 10 pounds, are assigned a high level of concern in WMPT. Chemicals expected
to pose the least risk, with a TPQ of 1,000 or 10,000 pounds, are assigned a lower level of concern by
WMPT. Chemicals with TPQs between the high and low ranges are assigned a WMPT concern of
medium.
Effect Levels - Medium Quality
There are four elements of medium data quality as shown in Exhibit C-2. The chronic no
observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) is the highest experimental dose at which there is no statistically
significant increase in a toxicologically-important effect in an organism after exposure to an altered
environment during a major portion of its lifetime. The chronic lowest observed adverse effects level
(LOAEL) is the lowest dose in an experimental study at which a statistically- or biologically-significant
adverse effect is seen in an organism after exposure to an altered environment during a major portion of its
lifetime. Two subchronic levels are also considered. The subchronic NOAEL is the highest experimental
dose at which there is no statistically significant increase in a lexicologically important effect in an
organism after exposure to an altered environment over about 10 percent of its lifetime. Similarly, the
subchronic LOAEL is the lowest dose in an experimental study at which a statistically- or biologically-
significant adverse effect is seen in an organism after exposure to an altered environment over about 10
percent of its lifetime. When data is collected for the WMPT chemicals, both the lowest NOAEL and the
lowest LOAELs are chosen to make a conservative screening estimate. Available effect level data
elements are collected from HEAST (U.S. EPA, 1994a) and IRIS (U.S. EPA, 1997)
The scoring thresholds for these medium quality data elements are identical to those used to
support the existing chemicals program by the OPPT's UCSS (U.S. EPA, 1994b), and were chosen using
the limits established for the reference dose and multiplying by an average uncertainty factor to obtain
correspondence with the IRIS reference dose data distribution. The average uncertainty factors are 100 for
a chronic NOAEL, 1,000 for both the chronic LOAEL and subchronic NOAEL, and 10,000 for the
subchronic LOAEL.
Human Health Structure-activity Team Rank - Low Quality
If there are no medium or high quality data available for a WMPT chemical, ratings from EPA's
Structure-activity Team (SAT) are considered in human health hazard scoring. The SAT is a team of
experts- scientists (chemists, biologists, and lexicologists), and information specialists - from EPA's
OPPT. The function of the SAT is to evaluate the potential health effects, environmental effects, and
environmental fate of chemicals through structure activity relationships (SAR). The SAT routinely
predicts selected physical properties and potential environmental fate, and assesses the human health
effects and environmental effects of chemicals for which there are little or no data, in support of EPA's
new chemicals program (Arcos, 1983). In doing so, the members of the SAT rely on a variety of sources
and methods: publicly available databases, EPA- generated confidential data, models, and professional
judgement The SAT was formed in 1979 to support EPA's new chemicals program mandated under
Section 5 of TSCA, and in recent years, has reviewed over 2,500 new chemical substances per year
(Wagner, 1996).
The SAT health assessment typically begins with a description of the potential for absorption
through the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A discussion of the potential for chemical reactivity
and the metabolic pathway of the chemical is included in the SAT report if it is relevant to the health
assessment. The health endpoints that are typically assessed are mutagenicity, oncogenicity, neurotoxicity,
acute toxicity, systemic toxicity, developmental toxicity, and reproductive toxicity.
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
The health assessment portion of an SAT report identifies the health concerns, rationale, and an
overall health concern level. The health concern levels are expressed as high, moderate, and low according
to the following guidance:
• Chemicals receive a high concern designation if there is evidence of adverse effects in
human populations, or conclusive evidence of severe effects in animal studies for any of
the toxic endpoints listed above;
• Chemicals receive a moderate concern designation if there is suggestive evidence in
animals of any of the toxic endpoints listed above, or if there is a close structural,
functional, and/or mechanistic analogy to chemicals with known toxicity. For example,
aromatic amines may receive a moderate concern for liver and blood effects or the
methylene dianiline family may be presumed to elicit retinopathy (neurotoxicity) based on
data available for the parent diamine.
• Chemicals not meeting the above criteria are generally assigned low concern
classifications.
Human toxicity. ratings based on SAT calls were transferred directly for any chemicals common to
both WMPT and UCSS (U.S. EPA, 1994b). Concern levels for WMPT chemicals that have been
reviewed by the SAT are assigned using the same methodology as other chemicals reviewed by the SAT.
WMPT scoring thresholds are set equal to the SAT thresholds: a chemical with a high concern SAT rating
is assigned a score of 3, indicating high concern, a chemical with a moderate concern SAT rating is
assigned a score of 2, indicating medium concern,, and a chemical with a low concern SAT rating is
assigned a score of 1, indicating low concern.
The SAT assessment methodology is used by many EPA offices, and has been applied to over
3500 existing chemicals. During the past year, SAT has evaluated approximately 60 chemicals to support
two Office of Solid Waste hazardous waste listing efforts and over 50 chemicals for the Office of Air and
Radiation as an early step in identifying replacements for chlorinated solvents and chlorofluorocarbons.
The SAT is also evaluating 1500 chemicals added to pesticide products for the Office of Pesticide
. Programs. In addition, the SAT has interacted with the U.S. chemical industry to share the SAR principles
routinely used in evaluating chemicals. Finally, the SAT recently participated in a joint study with the
European Union to determine how well the SAR methods employed by the SAT work. This exercise
found that the SAT was highly successful in identifying the potential human health effects of chemicals.
Rank Based on Chemical Category - Low Quality
If no data of high or medium quality are available, and no SAT call data are available for WMPT
chemicals, the chemicals are classified in one of 150 categories developed by EPA to support the Existing
Chemicals Program use of the UCSS (U.S. EPA, 1994b). The quantitative data needed to score UCSS
chemicals for health hazard concerns were only available for a select number of chemicals. To allow
scoring of UCSS chemicals with no available screening data, chemical categories ranked for human health
hazard were developed from an independently derived chemical classification set that had supporting
hazard data.
The UCSS chemical classification set was composed of chemicals from five sources. Any
chemical that was part of EPA's IRIS database (U.S. EPA, 1997) and had a reference dose, reference
concentration, or slope factor was included. In addition, any chemical that had a reportable quantity (RQ)
listed on REGMAT, the regulated materials database available through CAS and developed by Alpha-
Omega Software Systems, was also included. Any chemical with an RQ potency factor in EPA's
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
background document for CERCLA Section 102 rulemaking (U.S. EPA, 1989b) was included, as were
chemicals with past SAT ratings (if not protected as confidential under TSCA).
A classification set of 1632 chemicals was divided into categories based primarily on structure.
Most of the category names reflect a chemical structural feature such as alcohol or ketone. Large
categories were subcategorized based on more specific structural criteria, for example alcohols were
divided into: chemicals with greater than eight carbon atoms, primary alcohols with one to four carbons,
primary or branched alcohols with five to eight carbons, and the remainder into the not elsewhere classified
subcategory. Several categories reflect the function that the chemical serves and were derived from EPA's
new chemicals program classification. Examples of these categories include chelators, anionic surfactants,
and chlorine sources. To the extent possible, each classification set chemical was placed in the smallest
category possible. For example, a chemical would be placed in the more specific acetanilide category, if
possible, rather than the amide category. In all, over 150 categories were developed to classify over 900
UCSS chemicals.
Scores were assigned to the categories based on the health hazard data available for member
chemicals. When deciding on a score, the data available from peer reviewed sources, IRIS, and the RQ
database were considered first. If these data were not available, then scores based on past SAT calls were
used. Data from over 1,400 SAT reports were used in this analysis. In each case, the range of the data for
the member chemicals in the categories were studied. If a natural division in hazard levels was apparent
within a category, the sample member chemicals were subdivided further, if possible, based on the
structure and hazard levels associated with the divisions. The rank assigned to the reference dose range,
the reference concentration range, the reportable quantities and the slope factor were based on the ranges
used in EPA's UCSS (U.S. EPA, 1994b) along with professional judgement. For example, the
acrylonitrile category has three chemicals members whose SAT ratings range from 2 to 3 for human health.
The conservative value of 3, or high concern, was assigned as the human toxicity rating for this category.
UCSS chemicals were classified into one of the 150 categories developed using the methodology
described above based on structure, and assigned the human toxicity score associated with that category. If
a chemical fit equally well within two categories, the category with the higher human toxicity rank was
chosen as the chemical score.
WMPT human toxicity ratings based on category assignments were transferred directly for any
chemicals common to both WMPT and UCSS. The category thresholds were also transferred directly from
the UCSS and are similar to those used for SAT call assignments; a chemical with a high SAT concern
was assigned a score of 3, indicating high WMPT concern, a chemical with a moderate SAT concern rating
was assigned a score of 2, indicating medium WMPT concern, and a chemical with a low SAT concern is
assigned a score of 1, indicating low WMPT concern.
TSCA §8(e) Submission - Low Quality
Under TSCA §8(e) companies must report to EPA information that "reasonably supports" a
conclusion of substantial risk for any chemical substance or mixture they manufacture, process or
distribute in commerce. When EPA receives this information, it is submitted to an initial hazard screening
review and assigned a high-, medium-, or low-level of concern. These values are interpreted in WMPT in
the same manner as the SAT values are, with a high assigned a value of 3, a medium assigned a value of 2,
and a low assigned a value of one. The strengths of the §8(e) submissions are the inclusion of additional
information about the chemical in question. The weakness of the §8(e) submission is that it is based on
information submitted and may not address the complete range of toxic effects.
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TQXICiTY
C.1.2 Data Elements Used in Cancer Effects Subfactor Scoring, Including Data Sources
The first step in scoring a cancer effect is to determine if a cancer weight-of-evidence (WOE)
exists for the chemical. Weight-of-evidence categories available from IRIS (U.S. EPA, 1997) include
. Group A (known human carcinogen-evidence in humans is sufficient), Group B (probable human
carcinogen-evidence in humans is limited or inadequate but animal evidence is sufficient), Group C
(possible human carcinogen—inadequate or no evidence in humans and animal evidence is limited), Group
D (unclassifiable), and Group E (evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans). Each carcinogen
assessment in IRIS is based on an EPA document that has undergone external peer review (U.S. EPA,
1993).
Carcinogen classifications available from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
were also incorporated into WMPT (HSDB, 1997). IARC carcinogen classifications are as follows: 1
(human carcinogen), 2A (probable human carcinogen-limited human evidence), 2B (possible human
carcinogen), 3 (not classifiable), and 4 (probably not carcinogenic). IARC carcinogen classifications were
assigned a corresponding WOE as shown in Exhibit C-6.
EXHIBIT C-6
IARC and EPA WOE Cancer Classifications
;::;:' •'•;" IARC Classification :'' : "
1
2A
2B
3
4
EPA WOE Classification
A
B
C
D
E
If no WOE is available for the chemical, but slope factor or RQ potency data are available, the
chemical is assigned a WOE of B. Once the weight-of-evidence has been established, the scoring
thresholds as shown in Exhibit C-3 can be applied to the data elements discussed below.
Slope Factor (q,*) - High Quality
Cancer effects are scored on the basis of the slope factor (q/) or the RQ potency factor, both of
which are considered high quality data elements. For cancer risk assessment, EPA has developed standard
methods for predicting the incremental lifetime risk of cancer resulting from exposure to a chemical. EPA
generally uses a linearized multistage model of carcinogenesis to quantitatively model the dose-response
function of a carcinogen. The upper-bound linear term of this model is called the qj°. The higher the value
is for qj*, the higher the carcinogenic potency. Data for the slope factor is found in either HEAST (U.S.
EPA, 1994a) or IRIS (U.S. EPA, 1997).
The WMPT slope factor scoring thresholds are identical to those used to support the use of the
UCSS for the OPPT's existing chemicals program UCSS (U.S. EPA, 1994b). The UCSS slope factor
scoring thresholds were established to screen chemicals relative to one another by combining the set of
chemicals on IRIS having reported slope factors with a database of 80-90 chemicals and analogs that was
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
developed for EPA's new chemicals program for cancer risk assessment. The chemicals in the combined
data set were ordered by potency; thresholds were calculated assuming a 1:2:1 distribution.
RQ Potency - High Quality
The RQ potency factor is based on a multistage dose response model using quantitative evidence
from animal studies to derive an estimated dose for a 10 percent lifetime cancer risk (ED10) for animals.
The potency factor for humans (RQ Potency Factor) is derived by EPA from the animal RQ factor by
applying a multiplier based on the relative weights of animals and humans. The higher the factor, the
higher the likelihood of cancer. The potency values are found in EPA's background document for
CERCLA Section 102 rulemaking (U.S. EPA, 1989b).
The WMPT RQ potency scoring thresholds are identical to those used to support the existing
chemicals program by the OPPT's UCSS (U.S. EPA, 1994b). The UCSS RQ potency scoring thresholds
were established to screen chemicals relative to one another by examining the set of chemicals on IRIS for
which both qt* and RQ potency values were reported. The RQ potency scoring thresholds were set based
on a 1:2:1 distribution.
No Slope Factor (q^) or RQ Potency Data, WOE Available - High Quality
If a chemical has been assigned a WOE of A, B, or C, but no slope factor or RQ potency data are
available, the chemical will be assigned a WMPT cancer effect score based upon the chemical's WOE. If
the chemical has a WOE of A, it will be assigned a high score. If the chemical has a WOE of B or C, it
will be assigned a medium score.
No WOE Available, Slope Factor (q,*) or RQ Potency Available - High Quality
If a chemical is assigned a slope factor or RQ potency factor, but no WOE is available, the
chemical WOE is set to B. The WMPT cancer effect score for the chemical is then assigned based on the
slope factor and RQ potency factor scoring thresholds shown in Exhibit C-3 for WOE equal to B.
C.I.3 Human Toxicity Limitations
WMPT human toxicity scoring primarily considers chronic endpoints as well as potential cancer
effects using data from short-, medium, and long-term studies. Focusing on these aspects and test results
may not encompass all important potential exposure pathways and the associated potential toxic effects. A
number of other types of potential human toxicity, such as teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and
immunotoxicological effects, are not given equal consideration within WMPT. This is primarily due to
data limitations and the Agency focus in recent years on assessing cancer endpoints.
C.1.4 Human Toxicity References
Arcos, J.C. 1983. Comparative Requirements for Premarketing/Premanufacture Notifications in the EC
Countries and the USA, with Special Reference to Risk Assessments in the Framework of the US Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA). Journal of the American College of Toxicology 2: 131-145.
HSDB. 1997. Hazardous Substances Databank. National Library of Medicine.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1997. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Accessed through National Library of Medicine Toxicology Data Network.
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1994a. Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables,
Annual FY1994. March, 1994. NTIS No. PB94-921199.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1994b. Chemical Use Clusters Scoring
Methodology. Washington, DC: Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Chemical Engineering
Branch. July 23,1994.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1994c. Reportable Quantities Database.
Washington, DC: Emergency Response Division, Office of Solid Waste Response Standards and Criteria
Branch.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1993. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
Background Paper. Cincinnati, OH: Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment. February.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1989a. Toxic Chemical Release Inventory: Risk
Screening Guide, Volume 2. July 1989. EPA 560/2-89-002.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1989b. Technical Background Document to Support
Rulemaking Pursuant to CERCLA Section 102. Volumes 1, 2, and 3. Emergency Response Division,
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1987. Extremely Hazardous Substance List and
Threshold Planning Quantities; Emergency Planning and Release Notification Requirements. Federal
Register 52,13378 - 13391, April 22.
Wagner, P.M. 1996. OPPT Structure Activity Team. Chemicals in the Environment: Public Access
Information, Issue 2. February 1996.
C.2 ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
The WMPT Ecological Toxicity factor
evaluates a chemical's potential to cause an
adverse effect on an ecosystem. Although
ecological toxicity can be measured and evaluated
for both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, the
WMPT scoring approach currently addresses only
a chemical's aquatic toxicity. Thus, the
Ecological Toxicity factor has only one subfactor
contributing to its score—the Aquatic Toxicity
subfactor.
A chemical's aquatic toxicity, like
ecological toxicity, can be evaluated at the
organism, population, community, and ecosystem
levels. Aquatic toxicity can be assessed for
different exposure durations (e.g., short term, long
term) and for different ecosystem types (e.g.,
freshwater or saltwater).
Ecological Toxicity
Ecological toxicity is defined as the ability of a
chemical or chemical mixture to cause an
adverse effect in an ecosystem. An ecosystem is
defined as the biological community and its non-
biological environment within a specified
location in space and time (e.g., a freshwater
lake, a desert, a wetland area). Chemical effects
on ecosystems can be measured by assessing
causal changes in individual organisms (e.g.,
mortality, developmental abnormalities),
changes in populations of organisms (e.g.,
decreased abundance or density of the
population), changes in communities of different
species (e.g., altered community structure), and
changes in the ecosystem itself (e.g., altered
species diversity, changes in nutrient cycling).
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
Aquatic Toxicity
A chemical's Aquatic Toxicity subfactor is scored based on data for the chemical's toxicity to
freshwater or saltwater organisms. Toxicity data
for longer term or chronic exposure are used
preferentially; however, short term or acute
toxicity data may be used for chemicals that lack
or have incomplete chronic data. The specific
data elements and the data quality hierarchies used
to score the Aquatic Toxicity subfactor are
described in section C.2.1. The Ecological
Toxicity factor scoring approach is described in
Aquatic toxicity is defined as the ability of a
chemical or chemical mixture to cause an
adverse effect in an aquatic ecosystem. Aquatic
ecosystems can be freshwater (e.g., pond, river),
saltwater (e.g., ocean), or estuarine (e.g., bay).
section C.2.2. Limitations associated with the
Ecological Toxicity factor scoring approach and
data are presented in section C.2.3. Section C.2.4 lists the references cited in section C.2.
C.2.1 Data Elements, Sources of Data, and Data Quality Hierarchies
A chemical's Aquatic Toxicity subfactor is scored based on one of 12 different data elements.
Exhibit C-7 lists the Aquatic Toxicity subfactor data elements in order of decreasing data quality. The
remainder of this section describes each data element and, if required, the hierarchy of sources for data
elements.
Because the WMPT exposure scoring focuses on chronic risks, chronic measures of aquatic
toxicity are used preferentially for scoring. For chemicals that lack or have incomplete chronic toxicity
data, acute toxicity data may be used in one of two ways: (1) measured acute toxicity data are used in
EXHIBIT C-7
Aquatic Toxicity Subfactor Data Elements and Data Quality Hierarchy
Data Element
Sediment Quality Final Chronic Value (FCV) Tier I
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLWQI) FCV Tier I
National EPA Ambient Water Quality Criterion (AWQC) FCV
Secondary Chronic Value (SCV)
Measured Chronic Value/Estimated Chronic Value Based on a
Chemical Class- and/or Species-specific Acute-to-Chronic Ratio
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Tier I Final Acute Value
National AWQC Criterion Maximum Concentration
Aquatic Toxicity Reportable Quantity (RQ)
Measured Acute Value (LCSO or ECSO)
Predicted Chronic Value Based on Structure-Activity
Relationships (SARs)
Predicted Acute Value (LCSO or EC50)
Units
mg/L (ppm)
mg/L (ppm)
mg/L (ppm)
mg/L (ppm)
mg/L (ppm)
mg/L (ppm)
mg/L (ppm)
pounds
mg/L (ppm)
mg/L (ppm)
mg/L (ppm)
Data Quality
Level
Highest
Highest
Highest
High
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Lowest
Lowest
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
conjunction with a chemical class- and/or species-specific acute-to-chronic ratio to estimate a chronic
value; or (2) measured acute toxicity data are compared against "acute toxicity" fencelines that, in effect,
predict chronic values by assuming an acute-to-chronic ratio of 10, which is not a chemical class- and
species-specific acute-to-chronic ratio (see the discussion of acute aquatic toxicity fencelines in section
C.2.2). Rather than converting all of the available acute values to estimated chronic values and presenting
the predicted chronic values in the WMPT database, U.S. EPA chose to use the acute aquatic toxicity
fenceline approach to maintain transparency and to distinguish between the "higher quality" chronic values
that were estimated based on chemical class- and/or species-specific acute-to-chronic ratios from the
"lower quality" chronic values that are not estimated based on chemical class- and species-specific acute-
to-chronic ratios. Predicting chronic values based on acute aquatic toxicity values and acute-to-chronic
ratios is a practice utilized by many U.S. EPA offices for aquatic toxicity characterization (e.g., for Office
of Water's (OW) Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLWQI) and Ambient Water Quality Criteria
(AWQC) development, OPPT's review of new and existing chemicals). The WMPT Aquatic Toxicity
subfactor data quality hierarchy also specifies that valid measured data are, in general, preferred to
predicted data.
In general, elemental metals are scored for aquatic toxicity based on data for the highest scoring
salt or species of the metal. If high quality data are available for several species of a given metal (e.g.,
FCVs for chromium(VI) and chromium(in)), the metal species are scored as well. This simplified
approach is consistent with other risk screening tools of this type. As discussed in Chapter 1, WMPT is
designed to be a simple screening approach to convey as much information about potential risk associated
with chemicals in wastes without more detailed information on management, location, and exposure. To
make predictions about metal speciation would require this more detailed information, as well as more
sophisticated risk screening tools.
Exhibit C-8 summarizes the total number of chemicals in WMPT that were scored for aquatic
toxicity, how many were scored based on each individual data element in the Aquatic Toxicity subfactor
scoring hierarchy, and how many were scored at each data quality level. Numbers are presented in the
exhibit for both the entire set of chemicals evaluated (approximately 4,700) and the subset of chemicals on
the Draft PCL (approximately 880). The measures are listed in order of higher to lower quality. It should
be noted that a chemical may have a value for more than one data element; therefore, the numbers and
percentages in columns one and three in the table do not add up to the totals.
Final Chronic Value
A Final Chronic Value (FCV) is a measure of chronic aquatic toxicity. An FCV is the highest
four-day average concentration of a chemical in water that should not cause unacceptable toxicity to fish
and aquatic invertebrates during a long-term exposure (U.S. EPA, 1986). FCVs have been used by U.S.
EPA to derive national chronic Sediment Quality Criteria (SQC), Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative
(GLWQI) Tier I aquatic life criteria, and Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC). U.S. EPA's
methodology to calculate FCVs specifies minimum data requirements (e.g., measured toxicity data for
aquatic species representing at least eight different families, acute-to-chronic ratios for aquatic species in at
least three different families of fish and invertebrates). Thus, FCVs are designated as the highest quality
data elements used to score the Aquatic Toxicity subfactor.
The primary reason why FCVs are used rather than the actual chronic AWQC or GLWQI chronic
aquatic life criteria is that, for some chemicals (e.g., DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, methyl mercury,
and PCBs), the chronic AWQC may not be based on the chemical's hazard to aquatic organisms, but
instead on human fish consumption concerns. In these cases, the chronic AWQC have been derived based
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
EXHIBIT C-8
Frequency Distribution of Aquatic Toxicity Subfactor
Data Elements Used to Score Chemicals in WMPT
Data Element
Total Number of Chemicals Scored
for Aquatic Toxicity
Sediment Quality FCV Tier I
GLWQIFCVTierl
National AWQC FCV
SCV Derived Based on GLWQI Tier
II Methodology
Measured Chronic Value/Estimated
Chronic Value Based on a Chemical
Class- and/or Species-specific Acute-
to-Chronic Ratio
GLWQI Tier I FAV
National AWQC CMC
Aquatic Toxicity Reportable
Quantity (RQ)
Measured Acute (LQo or EQo)
Predicted Chronic Value Based on
SARs
Predicted Acute Value (LQ<, or EC^
All Chemicals (4,727 chemicals)
Number
(Percentage)
of Chemicals
with Data
Element
Number
(Percentage) of
Chemicals Scored
Based on One or
More Data Elements
in Data Quality
Category
1,260 (26.7%)
5(0.11%)
13 (0.28%)
41 (1%)
52 (1%)
178 (4%)
13 (0.28%)
28(1%)
374 (8%)
813 (17%)
159 (3.4%)
51 (6%)
Highest Data Quality
46 (1.0%)
High Data Quality
190 (4.0%)
Medium Data Quality
0 (0%)
Low Data Quality
861 (18.2%)
Lowest Data Quality
163 (3.4%)
PCL Only (879 chemicals)
Number
(Percentage)
of Chemicals
with Data
Element
Number
(Percentage) of
Chemicals Scored
Based on One or
More Data Elements
in Data Quality
Category
879 (100%)
4 (0.5%)
11(1%)
28 (3%)
47 (5%)
152 (17%)
12(1%)
23 (3%)
210 (24%)
623 (71%)
135 (15%)
47 (5%)
Highest Data Quality
31 (3.5%)
High Data Quality
164(18.7%)
Medium Data Quality
0 (0%)
Low Data Quality
544(61.9%)
Lowest Data Quality
140 (15.9%)
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
on levels that would result in an exceedence of a Food and Drag Administration action level for fish
consumed by humans, rather than the FCV for the protection of aquatic organisms. The use of an FCV as
the highest quality data element is consistent with other U.S. EPA OSW endeavors (e.g., the Hazardous
Waste Identification Rule: Risk Assessment for Ecological Receptors (U.S. EPA, 1995a)), and OW's data
quality hierarchy for the GLWQI and the derivation of the Draft Sediment Quality Advisory Levels (U.S.
EPA, 1993,1996a, 1996d). FCVs were also presented as high quality data elements in U.S. EPA's Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response's (OERR)
compilation of Ecotox Thresholds for the
Superfund program (U.S. EPA, 1996b).
Since 1980, U.S. EPA has calculated
FCVs to derive chronic SQC, GLWQI Tier I
aquatic life chronic criteria, and AWQC. FCVs
developed more recently were judged to be higher
quality because these FCVs should reflect more
recent data and measurement methods. Therefore,
the data quality hierarchy specifies that FCVs
developed more recently should be used before
FCVs calculated earlier. The FCVs used in the
development of the SQC are the most recently
developed FCVs. The FCVs developed for the
GLWQI Tier I aquatic life chronic criteria are
slightly older. The FCVs used to develop the
national chronic AWQC in the 1980s are the
oldest. Thus, the data quality hierarchy for the
Aquatic Toxicity subfactor specifies that the SQC
FCV for a chemical should be used over any other
U.S. EPA Chronic Values
for Aquatic Toxicity
Final Chronic Value (FCV): the highest four-
day average concentration of a chemical in water
that should not cause unacceptable toxicity
during a long-term exposure (U.S. EPA, 1986).
Secondary Chronic Value (SCV): an
estimated average concentration of a chemical in
water that should not result in "unacceptable
adverse effects" on aquatic organisms exposed
for long-term durations (i.e., greater than four
days). SCVs are derived based on the GLWQI
Tier n methodology, which has even less
rigorous data requirements than the methodology
used to calculate FCVs.
aquatic toxicity measure. The GLWQI Tier I
FCVs should be used, if no SQC FCV is available. The AWQC FCVs should be used, if an SQC FCV or
a GLWQI Tier I FCV is not available. This data source selection hierarchy for FCVs is consistent with the
FCV selection approach used in U.S. EPA OSW's Hazardous Waste Identification Rule: Risk Assessment
for Ecological Receptors (U.S. EPA, 1995a) and the approach used by OERR to compile the Ecotox
Thresholds for the Superfund program (U.S. EPA, 1996b).
Secondary Chronic Value
For the GLVvQI, U.S. EPA developed a Tier n methodology to derive Secondary Chronic Values
(SCVs). Similar to an FCV, an SCV is an estimated average concentration of a chemical in water that
should not result in "unacceptable adverse effects" on aquatic organisms exposed for long-term durations
(i.e., greater than four days). The Tier IE methodology, however, has even less rigorous data requirements
than the methodology used to calculate the Tier I FCVs. The Tier n methodology uses statistically derived
"adjustment factors" to calculate an SCV (40 CFR 132 Appendix A). The SCV also has minimum data
requirements (e.g., the data set must include a daphnid test and meet specified acceptability criteria).
Therefore, SCVs are designated as being lower quality than the FCVs, but higher than any of the
remaining aquatic toxicity data elements. This data quality hierarchy is consistent with those used by
OSW for the HWBR. Ecological Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1995a), by OERR for the development of the
Ecotox Thresholds for the Superfund program (U.S. EPA, 1996b), and by OW for the GLWQI and the
derivation of the Draft Sediment Quality Advisory Levels (U.S. EPA, 1993,1996d).
SCVs have been calculated for several U.S. EPA efforts. OSW derived SCVs for the HWIR
Ecological Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1995a). OW developed SCVs for the GLWQI secondary criteria
and for the Draft Sediment Quality Advisory Levels (U.S. EPA, 1993, 1996a, 1996d). OERR calculated
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C-17
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
SCVs for the Ecotox Thresholds project (U.S. EPA, 1996b). The SCVs presented in the WMPT database
were compiled from these sources. No overlap occurred between the chemicals addressed by these
projects; thus, a data source selection hierarchy was not necessary.
Measured Chronic Values/Predicted Chronic Values Based on a Chemical Class- and/or
Species-specific Acute-to-Chronic Ratio
An aquatic toxicity "chronic value" is a threshold concentration of a chemical in water at which
statistically significant effects on an aquatic test population's survival, growth, or reproduction are
expected to occur (Suter, 1993). Chronic values can be calculated directly from experimental toxicity test
data (i.e., the concentration-effect relationship for the chemical or the concentration-effect curve for the
chemical) or predicted using (1) acute data and acute-to-chronic ratios, and (2) structure-activity
relationships.
"Measured" chronic values are calculated directly from results of chronic toxicity tests performed
in a laboratory or in the field. The WMPT database includes the following measured chronic aquatic
toxicity values:
• Median effect concentration (EC50) measured for a chronic or long-term duration;
• Chronic EC10;
• Median lethal concentration (LC50) measured for a chronic duration; and
• Geometric mean maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (GMATC) for the most
sensitive species.
The aquatic toxicity endpoints ECso, EC,0, LC50, NOEC, LOEC, and GMATC are defined in the text box
below. The chronic values must be determined for long-term durations as specified in Exhibit C-9.
Measured chronic values have been used by (1) OW to derive AWQC and Great Lakes Water
Quality Criteria, and (2) OPPT to evaluate hazard of. new industrial chemicals under Section 5 of the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) and to develop the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) expansion list.
Measured chronic values were also used in a number of OPPT screening efforts (e.g., hazard screening of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Section 313 initial list).
Chronic values can also be predicted for a chemical by dividing a measured acute value by an
acute-to-chronic ratio for a similar chemical (or the chemical class to which the chemical belongs) and
similar species. The acute-to-chronic ratio is the ratio of the acute value and the chronic value for an
aquatic species. The premise is that, for chemicals that have a measured acute value, but no chronic value,
for a particular species, an acute-to-chronic ratio for a similar chemical or chemical class and species can
be used to predict the chronic value for that species.
The measured acute values used here to predict chronic values differ from the measured acute
values presented later in this appendix because the former had chemical class- and/or species-specific
acute-to-chronic ratios readily available in OPPT's environmental toxicity profiles. Chronic values
predicted based on measured acute data and chemical class- and/or species-specific acute-to-chronic ratios
are designated in WMPT as higher data quality than chronic values that are estimated based on an assumed
acute-to-chronic ratio of 10 (the acute-to-chronic ratio for the neutral organics chemical class) because the
former are less likely to over or under predict the chronic toxicity of a chemical.
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
Aquatic Toxicity Endpoints
The following standard aquatic toxicity endpoints can be measured experimentally or predicted with
structure activity relationships.
Median effect concentration (EC50): The exposure concentration of a substance in water that is
estimated to be effective in producing some sublethal response (e.g., behavioral effects) in 50 perc'ent
of the test population. The EC^ is usually expressed as some time dependent value (e.g., 24-hour
.S. EPA, 1996c).
Ten Percent Effect Concentration (EC10): The exposure concentration of a substance in water that
is estimated to be effective in producing some sublethal response in 10 percent of the test population..
Median lethal concentration (LCSO): A statistically or graphically estimated aqueous concentration
of a chemical that is expected to be lethal to 50 percent of a group of organisms under specified
conditions (U.S. EPA, 1996c).
No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC): The highest concentration of a chemical in water
evaluated in an aquatic toxicity test that causes no statistically significant difference in effect
compared with controls (U.S. EPA, 1996b).
Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC): The lowest level of a chemical in water evaluated
in an aquatic toxicity test that has a statistically significant effect on the exposed organisms compared
with control organisms (U.S. EPA, 1996c).
Geometric Mean Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration (GMATC): The geometric mean
of the NOEC and the LOEC. The geometric mean is the Nth root of the product of the N numbers.
For example, the geometric mean of two numbers is the square root of the product of the two numbers
or antilog of the the arithmetic average of the logarithms of the two numbers.
Chronic values predicted based on chemical class- and/or species-specific acute-to-chronic ratios
are considered by the WMPT system to be of equal data quality as the measured chronic values. Thus,
attempts were made to evaluate a chemical's measured chronic values and those chronic values predicted
based on chemical class- and/or species-specific acute-to-chronic ratios. If no other higher quality aquatic
toxicity data element existed for a chemical, then the lowest chronic value of either the measured chronic
values or the estimated chronic values was used to score the chemical for aquatic toxicity. This approach
of evaluating measured chronic values and estimated chronic values as equal data quality is consistent with
the approach used to derive AWQC Final Chronic Values (U.S. EPA, 1986). This approach also attempts
to ensure that the chronic value used by the WMPT to score the chemical represents the most sensitive
species. If measured chronic values were always selected ahead of estimated chronic values, the most
sensitive species may not be addressed, because for some chemicals, only acute data for the most sensitive
species may be available.
Chronic values were extracted from readily available compilations of GMATCs, chronic ECsos,
chronic ECI0s, chronic LC50s, and chronic values predicted based on chemical class . These sources
included the following databases, listed in order of preference:
• Chronic values compiled in OPPT's environmental toxicity profiles for existing
chemicals;
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C-19
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
Chronic values compiled for OPPT's environmental toxicity evaluations of the TRI
expansion list;
OPPT's screening of the SARA Section 313 initial list; and
• Office of Research and
Development's (ORD)
Aquatic Information
Retrieval (AQUIRE)
database.
Except for the chronic values taken
from OPPT's environmental toxicity profiles
and the TRI expansion list hazard
evaluations, the measured chronic values in
WMPT are based on a limited review of
available aquatic toxicity data. The
AQUIRE data compiled for WMPT and the
AQUIRE data used in OPPT's screening of
the SARA Section 313 initial list were
subject to only minimal quality requirements
(e.g., the documentation code for the chronic
value had to be "complete"). Only the test
duration reported in AQUIRE was reviewed
to ensure that the chronic value selected was
indeed a chronic endpoint. No other test
parameters were reviewed. This is an
important limitation for these data because
certain toxicity test parameters (e.g., water
hardness, temperature, total organic carbon,
humic acid, and pH) can affect the aquatic
toxicity of a chemical. In contrast, OPPT's
environmental toxicity profiles and the TRI
expansion list hazard evaluations confirmed
that the chronic value's test parameters met
some standard requirements; therefore, these
data sources were preferred to the others.
s
EXHIBIT C-9
Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
Test Durations
Species
Fish - cold water (e.g.,
trout, salmon)
Fish - warm water (e.g.,
fathead minnow, bluegill,
bass)
Daphnids (water flea)
Green algae
Chironomids (e.g., midge,
mayfly, stonefly)
Mysids/shrimp
Scud (gamarus)
Aquatic plants
(e.g., Duckweed)
Duration
90 to z 120
days
30 to ;> 90 days
14 to 21 days (3
broods)
3 to 4 days
28 days
(complete
emergence)
21 days
21 days
28 days
ource: U.S. EPA, 1997
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Tier I Final Acute Value
U.S. EPA OW has proposed for the GLWQI Tier I aquatic life criteria which, if not exceeded in
the Great Lakes System, will protect fish, invertebrates, and other aquatic life from adverse effects from
that chemical. A Tier I GLWQI Final Acute Value (FAV) is used to derive a GLWQI acute criterion,
referred to as a Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) for the chemical. The FAV is calculated using
one of the following two methods: (1) the estimated concentration of a chemical corresponding to the
lower 95th percentile of all of the measured acute values that have been conducted for die chemical, or (2)
the mean acute value for commercially or recreationally important species. The method that yields the
lowest concentration is used to determine the FAV. Acute values used include median effect
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
U.S. EPA Acute Values
for Aquatic Toxicity
GLWQI Final Acute Value (FAV): The FAV
is calculated using one of the following two
methods: (1) the estimated concentration of a
chemical corresponding to the lower 95th
percentile of all of the measured acute values
that have been conducted for the chemical, or (2)
the mean acute value for commercially or
recreationally important species.
AWQC Criterion Maximum Concentration
(CMC): an estimate of the highest 1-hour
average chemical concentration that should not
result in "unacceptable effects on aquatic
organisms and their uses." (U.S. EPA, 1986)
concentrations (EC50s) and median lethal
concentrations (LC50s). See the text box on page
19 for definitions of these endpoints.
In WMPT, when chronic toxicity data are
not available for a chemical, acute toxicity data are
used in conjunction with acute aquatic toxicity
fencelines to score the Aquatic Toxicity subfactor
(see discussion of acute aquatic toxicity fencelines
in section C.2.2). The GLWQI FAV is designated
as medium data quality among all of the chronic
and acute data elements combined (see Exhibit
C-7). The GLWQI FAVs are designated medium
quality because U.S. EPA derived these values
more recently than the national acute AWQC.
Also, for the FAV to be derived, a rigorous set of
data requirements were met (e.g., data for species
from at least eight different families have to be
available, tests had to be conducted using
"acceptable procedures").
National AWQC Criterion Maximum
Concentration
U.S. EPA has calculated national acute AWQC. An acute or short-term AWQC is called a
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC). The CMC is an estimate of the highest 1-hour average
chemical concentration that should not result in "unacceptable effects on aquatic organisms and their uses"
(U.S. EPA, 1986). CMCs have been derived for both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems. Where both
saltwater and freshwater CMCs were available, the lower of these two values was selected. The national
CMCs in WMPT were extracted from U.S. EPA's draft list of national AWQC (U.S. EPA, 1995b).
If a chemical does not have a GLWQI FAV, then the national CMC for the chemical, if available,
is used. The GLWQI FAVs are designated as higher quality data than the national AWQC because,
although the GLWQI FAVs are derived using nearly identical methodologies, the GLWQI FAVs were
developed more recently than the national CMCs.
National AWQC CMCs have been used to score a chemical ecological toxicity in number of other
ranking systems, including OPPT's Use Clusters Scoring System (UCSS) (U.S. EPA, 1994).
Aquatic Toxicity Reportable Quantity
Under Section 102 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA), U.S. EPA has established Reportable Quantities (RQs) for listed hazardous substances.
An RQ is an amount, generally in pounds, for a listed hazardous substance. If a listed hazardous substance
is released to the environment in an amount that equals or exceeds the RQ, the incident must be reported to
the National Response Center (NRC). Six primary criteria are examined to derive the RQ: aquatic
toxicity, acute mammalian toxicity, chronic toxicity, potential carcinogenicity, ignitability, and reactivity.
An underlying reportable quantity is developed for each of these criteria, depending on available data, and
the lowest of these underlying reportable quantities becomes the RQ. The underlying reportable quantity
that is derived based on aquatic toxicity (i.e., the aquatic toxicity reportable quantity) is determined based
on the measured lowest acute 96-hour LC50 for the listed hazardous substance (U.S. EPA, 1985).
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
WMPT uses the underlying aquatic toxicity reportable quantity to score a chemical's Aquatic
Toxicity subfactor, if no other higher quality data are available for the chemical. Like the RQ, the aquatic
toxicity reportable quantity units are pounds. For the WMPT database, aquatic toxicity reportable
quantities were obtained from databases compiled for OPPT's hazard screening of the SARA Section 313
initial list and OERR's Reportable Quantities database.
Measured Acute LCw, or EC
"50
If no higher quality data are available for a chemical, measured acute aquatic toxicity LC50 or EC50
values are used in conjunction with acute aquatic toxicity fencelines to score a chemical's Aquatic Toxicity
subfactor (see discussion in section C.2.2). Refer to page 19 for general definitions of LC50 and EC50
aquatic toxicity endpoints. Acute LC^s and EC50s are measured over shorter durations than chronic EC50
and LCso durations. The acute aquatic
toxicity test durations are species specific
and are presented in Exhibit C-10.
Measured aquatic EC^jS and LC^s
were extracted from the following sources,
listed in order of preference:
s<
EXHIBIT C-10
Acute Aquatic Toxicity
Test Durations
Species
Fish
Daphnids (water flea)
Green algae
Chironomids (e.g., midge,
mayfly, stonefly)
Oysters/mussels
Mysids/shrimp
Scud (gamarus)
Aquatic plants
(e.g., Duckweed)
Oligochaetes
Duration
3 hours to 14
days
1 to 2 days
< 1 hour
1 to 14 days
4 days
2 to 4 days
4 days
4 days
all tests are
acute (partial
life cycle tests)
Mirce: U.S. EPA, 1997
• Database compiled for
OPPT's screening of the
SARA Section 313 initial
list and the hazard
evaluations published for
the TRI expansion list;
ORD's AQUIRE
database; and
• OPPT's environmental
toxicity profiles for
existing chemicals.
Predicted Chronic Value Based
on Structure-Activity
Relationships
"Chronic values," which were
described in the section on Measured
Chronic Value/Estimated Chronic Values
based on an Acute-to-Chronic Ratio, can
also be estimated based on structure-
activity relationships (SARs). AnSARis
a relationship between a chemical structure and a specific biological effect (Nabholz, 1991). OPPT has
developed SARs to estimate the toxicity of chemicals in the absence of test data. Predicted chronic values
were developed for chemicals that had no other measured data. The predicted chronic values were
extracted from OPPT's environmental toxicity profiles for existing chemicals or generated with OPPT's
ECOSAR program (a computer program for estimating the ecotoxicity of industrial chemicals based on
SARs). Predicted chronic values provided in the environmental toxicity profiles were selected over the
ECOSAR program predictions.
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGfCAL TOXfCfTY
Although the SARs used for the OPPT environmental toxicity profiles, and contained in
ECOSAR, usually predict a quantitative concentration of an aquatic toxicity endpoint, for some chemicals,
they provide only a qualitative statement. In these cases, SARs predicts "no toxic effects at saturation
(NTS)," which means, that the chemical is not expected to cause acute and chronic aquatic toxicity up to
and including the chemical's saturation point in water. Chemicals for which chronic NTS are predicted are
scored low for aquatic toxicity.
Predicted Acute Value
As described in the preceding section, SARs have been developed by OPPT to estimate the aquatic
toxicity of chemicals. In addition to chronic values, SARs are available that can be used to estimate acute
EC50s and LCsos. The predicted acute EC50s and LC50s were extracted from OPPT's environmental toxicity
profiles for existing chemicals or generated with OPPT's ECOSAR program. Predicted acute values
compiled in OPPT's environmental toxicity profiles were selected over the ECOSAR program predictions.
C.2.2 Ecological Toxicity Factor Scoring Approach and Fencelines
The Aquatic Toxicity subfactor for a chemical is scored by comparing the numerical value for the
highest quality data element available for that chemical against the fencelines for that data element. If the
data element value meets the "high concern" fenceline for that data element, then the Aquatic Toxicity
subfactor is assigned a score of 3 (high concern). If the data element value meets the specified "low
concern" fenceline, then the Aquatic Toxicity subfactor is assigned a score of 1 (low concern). If the data
element is between the two fencelines, then the Aquatic Toxicity subfactor is assigned a score of 2
(medium concern). Exhibit C-l 1 presents the fencelines for the Aquatic Toxicity subfactor data elements.
The Aquatic Toxicity subfactor score (1,2, or 3) becomes the Ecological Toxicity factor score.
The remainder of this section discusses how the fencelines for the Aquatic Toxicity subfactor data
element were derived. WMPT is currently designed such that the fencelines for the Aquatic Toxicity
subfactor can be categorized into three sets: (1) chronic, (2) acute, and (3) aquatic toxicity RQ. The
fencelines used to score the chronic aquatic toxicity data elements (i.e., FCVs, SCVs, measured chronic
values, and estimated chronic values) are identical and are discussed here as one set of fenceline values.
The fencelines used to score the acute toxicity data elements (i.e., FAVs, CMCs, measured LC50s and
EC50s, and predicted LC50s and EC50s) are identical, with the exception of the aquatic toxicity RQ.
Although the aquatic toxicity RQ is considered to be an acute toxicity data element, its fencelines are
different from the fencelines used to score the other acute toxicity data elements; thus, the aquatic toxicity
RQ fencelines are discussed separately.
Chronic Aquatic Toxicity Fencelines
The WMPT fencelines used to score the chronic aquatic toxicity data elements (i.e., FCVs, SCVs,
measured chronic values, and estimated chronic values) are the same fencelines that were used to score
chronic AWQC in U.S. EPA OPPT's UCSS. The WMPT chronic aquatic toxicity data element fencelines
are also nearly identical to the environmental toxicity classification criteria that OPPT uses to evaluate
industrial chemicals under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (U.S. EPA, 1992). The WMPT
chronic aquatic toxicity data element fenceline values (i.e., the actual numbers with which the actual data
element values are compared) are the same as those used in OPPT's TSCA chronic aquatic toxicity
classification criteria; however, the fenceline operators differ slightly (e.g., WMPT's "high" chronic
fenceline is < 0.1 mg/L while OPPT's "high" chronic fenceline is < 0.1 mg/L).
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C-23
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICtTY
EXHIBIT C-11
Aquatic Toxicity Subfactor Fencellnes
Data Element
Sediment Quality FCV Tier I
GLWQIFCVTierl
National AWQC FCV
SCV Derived Based on GLWQI Tier II
Methodology
Measured Chronic Toxicity Value/Predicted
Chronic Value Based on an Acute-to-Chronic
Ratio
GLWQI FAV Tier I
National AWQC CMC
Aquatic Toxicity RQ
Measured Acute Value (LC5() or EC50)
Predicted Chronic Value Based on SARs
SAR Prediction of or measured No Toxic Effects
at Saturation (NTS)
Predicted Acute Value (LC50 or EC50)
Data
Quality
Highest
Highest
Highest
High
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Low
Lowest
Scoring Fencelines
High (3)
<0.1mg/L
<0.1 mg/L
<0.1 mg/L
< 0.1 mg/L
< 0.1 mg/L
. < 1 mg/L
<1 mg/L
1, 10 pounds
<1 mg/L
<0.1 mg/L
Not applicable
<1 mg/L
Medium (2)
0.1 - 10 mg/L
0.1 -10 mg/L
0.1 -10 mg/L
0.1 - 10 mg/L
0.1 -10 mg/L
1 - 100 mg/L
1 - 100 mg/L
100, 1000 pounds
1 - 100 mg/L
0.1 -10 mg/L
Not applicable
1 - 100 mg/L
Low(l)
> 10 mg/L
> 10 mg/L
> 10 mg/L
> 10 mg/L
> 10 mg/L
> 100 mg/L
> 100 mg/L
5000 pounds
> 100 mg/L
> 10 mg/L
1
> 100 mg/L
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
Acute Aquatic Toxicity Fencelines
The fencelines used to score the acute aquatic toxicity data elements (i.e., FAVs, CMCs, measured
LC50s and EC50s, and predicted LC50s and EC50s) are the same as those that were used to score the acute
AWQC in U.S. EPA OPPT's UCSS (U.S. EPA, 1994). The WMPT acute toxicity data element fencelines
are also very similar to the OPPT's environmental toxicity classification criteria for industrial chemicals
(U.S. EPA, 1992). As is the case for the chronic toxicity data element fencelines, the acute toxicity data
element fencelines have the same fenceline values as those used in OPPT's TSCA acute aquatic toxicity
classification criteria, but the fenceline operators differ slightly.
The acute aquatic toxicity fenceline values were derived from the chronic aquatic toxicity
fenceline values by assuming that the acute-to-chronic ratio for many chemicals is likely to be close to 10,
the acute-to-chronic ratio for the neutral organic chemicals—the largest chemical class (U.S. EPA, 1997).
Thus, the acute aquatic toxicity fenceline values are 10 times greater than the chronic aquatic toxicity
fenceline values.
In effect, the application of the acute aquatic toxicity fencelines estimates chronic values, and
evaluates these estimated chronic values using the same fencelines as those used to evaluate the other
chronic value data elements; however, the "conversion" occurs at the fenceline level. Rather than
converting all of the available acute values to estimated chronic values and presenting the predicted
chronic values in the WMPT database (as is the case for those chronic values estimated based on chemical
class- and species-specific acute-to-chronic ratios), U.S. EPA chose to use the acute aquatic toxicity
fenceline approach to maintain transparency and to make the important distinction between those chronic
values that were estimated based on chemical class- and/or species-specific acute-to-chronic ratios from
those chronic values that are not estimated based on chemical class- and species-specific acute-to-chronic
ratios (i.e., chronic values estimated by assuming an acute-to-chronic ratio of 10).
Aquatic Toxicity RQ Fencelines
The aquatic toxicity RQ fencelines are different from the other acute toxicity data elements
because aquatic toxicity RQs are reported in pounds rather than mg/L. The aquatic toxicity RQ fencelines
values were derived to be consistent with the other acute aquatic toxicity fencelines. According to U.S.
EPA (1985), the aquatic toxicity thresholds that OERR uses to determine the aquatic toxicity RQ are as
follows:
OERR's Aquatic Toxicitv Thresholds
LCSO < 0.1 mg/1
0.1 mg/L < LCjo < 1 mg/L
1 mg/L <; LC50 < 10 mg/L
10 mg/L < LC50 < 100 mg/L
100 mg/L <: LCjo < 500 mg/L
Aquatic toxicitv RO (pounds)
1
10
100
1000
5000
Based on these OERR thresholds, the aquatic toxicity RQ values that correspond to the WMPT "high"
acute fenceline are 1 and 10 pounds. Similarly, the aquatic toxicity RQ values that meet WMPT's
"medium" acute fenceline are 100 and 1,000 pounds. The aquatic toxicity RQ value of 5,000 corresponds
to WMPT's "low" acute fenceline value.
C.2.3 Ecological Toxicity Factor Limitations
This section discusses limitations associated with the Ecological Toxicity factor and Aquatic
Toxicity subfactor scoring approach, data elements, data sources, and fencelines.
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C-25
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APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY
Ecological Toxfcity Factor
A limitation associated with the Ecological Toxicity factor is that it evaluates only aquatic toxicity
and does not address toxicity to terrestrial wildlife. This is important because terrestrial wildlife (e.g.,
predatory birds and mammals) can be particularly susceptible to the effects of persistent, bioaccumulative,
and toxic (PBT) chemicals because of these organisms' high potential for exposure.
Aquatic Toxic Subfactor
Limitations associated with specific data elements and sources of data used to score the Aquatic
Toxicity subfactor are discussed in the descriptions of each data element in section C.2.1. Overall
limitations associated with the Aquatic Toxicity subfactor scoring approach, data elements, and fencelines
include the following:
• The methodology used by U.S. EPA to derive FCVs, SCVs, FAVs, and AWQCs only
addresses toxic effects in fish and aquatic invertebrates. Toxicity to algae and other
aquatic plant life is not addressed.
• The Aquatic Toxicity subfactor currently uses predicted data where measured data are not
available. The SARs used to predict some of the chronic values and acute values are
developed from toxicity data for analogous chemicals.
* The amount of measured data used to derive OPPT s aquatic toxicity SARs varies
considerably across the different SAR chemical classes. Some SARs are derived based on
more data than other SARs. WMPT does not evaluate or differentiate between SAR
predictions used for scoring. A score for one chemical based on an SAR based on four
chemicals may be less certain than that for another chemical based on an SAR based on 50
chemicals.
C.2.4 Ecological Toxicity References
Nabholz, J.V. 1991. Environmental Hazard and Risk Assessment Under the United States Toxic
Substances Control Act. The Science of the Total Environment. 109/110: 649-665.
Suter, G.W. 1993. Predictive Risk Assessment of Chemicals. In: Ecological Risk Assessment. Chelsea,
MI: Lewis Publishers, p. 71.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1997. Personal Communication between Dr. J.
Vincent Nabholz, U.S. EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Environmental Effects Branch,
and Kimberly Osbom, ICF Inc. February 13,1997.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1996a. Personal Communication between Jim
Keating, U.S. EPA Office of Water, and Ravi Singh, ICF Inc. December 2,1996.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1996b. Ecotox Thresholds. ECO Update.
Washington, DC: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. EPA540/F-95/038.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1996c. Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfimd: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments. Interim Final. August.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1996d. Derivation of EPA's Sediment Quality
Advisory Levels. Draft. Washington, DC: Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology.
DRAFT
C-26
-------
APPENDIX C: SCORING HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL TOXfCtTV
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1995a. Technical Support Document for the
Hazardous Waste Identification Rule: Risk Assessment for Human and Ecological Receptors. Volume 1.
Washington, DC: Office of Solid Waste.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1995b. Quality Criteria for Water. Draft.
Washington, DC: Office of Water, Health and Ecological Criteria Division.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1994. Chemical Use Clusters Scoring Methodology.
Draft Report. Washington, DC: Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Chemical Engineering
Branch. July 23.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1993. Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Criteria
Documents for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Ambient Water. Washington, DC: Office of Water.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1992. Classification criteria for environmental
toxicity and fate of industrial chemicals. Washington, DC: Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics,
Chemical Control Division.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1986. Quality Criteria for Water. Washington, DC:
Office of Water, Health and Ecological Criteria Division.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1985. Technical Background Document to Support
Rulemaking Pursuant to CERCLA Section 102. Volume 1. Washington, DC: Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. March.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1982. Guidelines and Support Documents for
Environmental Effects Testing. Washington, DC: Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics.
DRAFT
C-27
-------
-------
APPENDIX D
DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
This appendix is divided into four main sections. Section D.I provides the background and
the purpose of the Prioritized Chemical List. Section D.2 discusses the approach used to
generate the list and its limitations. Section D.3 concludes by providing the list and a
summary of its key data elements. Note that detailed discussion of potential applications of
the Draft Prioritized Chemical List is provided in Chapter 3 of this document.
D.1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
The Draft Prioritized Chemical List (PCL) is a relative ranking of 879 chemicals based on the
chemicals' tendency to persist in the environment once released, their tendency to accumulate in animal
tissues (i.e., bioaccumulate), and their toxicity (i.e., their potential to cause adverse effects in humans or
aquatic ecosystems). Persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity (often referred to in this
document as PBT criteria or properties) are key predictors of chronic (i.e., long-term) risk.
The PCL is one of several outputs of the Waste Minimization Prioritization Tool. It is intended to
assist government agencies and the public in implementing the Waste Minimization National Plan, which
calls for a reduction in the most persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals in the nation's hazardous
wastes by 50 percent by the year 2005. Progress toward the goal will also be measured under the
Government Performance and Results Act. U.S. EPA plans to use the PCL as a starting point in
identifying a shorter list of chemicals (the National Waste Minimization Measurement List) that can be
used to track progress toward the goal.
D.2 APPROACH USED TO GENERATE THE DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
Chemical priorities were identified by assigning scores to each chemical that represent the
potential risk posed to human health and to aquatic ecosystems. The human health risk potential score was
calculated for each chemical by adding separate persistence, bioaccumulation, and human chronic toxicity
scores. Similarly, the ecological risk potential score was calculated by adding separate persistence,
bioaccumulation, and ecological toxicity scores. The overall score for each chemical represents the sum
of the persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity scores for human health risk potential added to the
corresponding scores for ecological risk potential; the rankings or priorities among the chemicals are based
on the overall score for the chemicals. U.S. EPA made extensive efforts to collect and incorporate the best
available data for these PBT properties in developing the list. Chemicals missing data on any of these
properties were not scored.
The overall score for a given chemical can be used for comparison with other chemicals to develop
a sense of the relative concern for that chemical, in terms of its potential risk to human health and aquatic
ecosystems. Although the persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity properties are predictors of potential
chronic (long-term) risk, these chemical properties are merely a starting point in assessing actual risk
associated with a particular management practice or site. Other factors that influence risk include chemical
quantities, waste management practices, fate and transport in the environment, actual exposure dose, and
size of potentially-exposed populations.
Note that the overall scores of chemicals on the PCL do not incorporate chemical quantity (or
mass). Chemical quantity, however, is another important predictor of risk that can be used in conjunction
with PBT scores to rank chemicals.
DRAFT
D-1
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
D.3 THE DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
Exhibit D-l presents the PCL. It includes nine data elements:
(1) CAS number,
(2) Chemical name;
(3) Persistence score for human health risk potential;
(4) Bioaccumulation score for human health risk potential;
(5) Human toxicity score for human health risk potential;
(6) Persistence score for ecological risk potential;
(7) Bioaccumulation score for ecological risk potential;
(8) Ecological toxicity score for ecological risk potential; and
(9) Overall chemical score.
The chemicals in Exhibit D-l are ranked by their overall chemical score. Due to the nature of the
scoring process, several chemicals can have the same overall score. The chemicals on the list, therefore,
are presented first in descending numerical order by their overall scores, and then in alphabetical order
within a particular overall score.
A chemical on the PCL can have a minimum score of six to a maximum score of 18. These
overall scores are derived by adding the individual persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity scores, each
of which range from 1 (low) to 3 (high). Chemicals with a high overall score are generally of greater
concern from a chronic risk perspective (i.e., are more persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic) than those
with a low overall score. For example, chlordene, which has an overall score of 17, may potentially pose a
greater risk to human health and the environment based on the PBT criteria than 1,1,1 -trichloroethane,
which has an overall score of 11. Larger differences in chemical scores (e.g., 17 vs. 11) are more
significant than smaller differences (e.g., 16 vs. 15). Chemicals with relatively low scores on the list
should not be interpreted as "risk-free," since all chemicals may be harmful under certain conditions.
See Appendices A to C for a detailed discussion of underlying data and scoring for human and
ecological exposure and toxicity.
DRAFT
D-2
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
1746-OI-6
56-49-5
57-97-6
309-00-2
56-55-3
50-32-8
205-99-2
189-55-9
57-74-9
72-54-8
72-55-9
50-29-3
53-70-3
60-57-1
72-20-8
76-44-8
118-74-1
77-47-4
70-30-4
143-50-0
7439-97-6
2385-85-5
608-93-5
1336-36-3
8001-35-2
194-59-2
191-24-2
205-82-3
207-08-9
2104-96-3
3734-48-3
7440-48-4
226-36-8
224-42-0
192-65-4
CHEMICAL NAME
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
3-Melhylcholanthrene
7, 1 2-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
Aldrin
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(rst)penlaphene
Chlordane
ODD, p,p'-
DDE, p,p'-
DDT, p,p'-
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Dieldrin
Endrin
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachlorophene
Kepone
Mercury
Mirex
Pentachlorobenzene
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Toxaphene
7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole
Benzo{g,h,i)perylene
Benzo(j)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Bromophos
Chlordene
Cobalt
Dibenz(a,h)acridine
Dibenz(a,j)acridine
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Bioaccumulation
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Human Toxicity
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Bioaccumulation
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Ecological Toxicity
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
. 18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
DRAFT
D-3
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
189-64-0
1 15-32-2
206-44-0
193-39-5
297-78-9
465-73-6
21609-90-5
72-43-5
40487-42-1
87-86-5
79-94-7
327-98-0
1582-09-8
7440-62-2
95-94-3
1836-75-5
91-94-1
101-14-4
101-68-8
12674-1 1-2
1861-40-1
510-15-6
21923-23-9
218-01-9
56-53-1
115-29-7
563-12-2
1024-57-3
87-82-1
87-68-3
608-73-1
319-84-6
58-89-9
26399-36-0
3118-97-6
CHEMICAL NAME
Dibcnzofa.h) pyretic
Dicofol
Fluoranlhcnc
Indenof 1 ,2,3-cd)pyrene
Isobenzan
Isodrin
Leplophos
Mclhoxychlor
Pendimethalin
Pentachlorophcnol
Tetrabromobisphenol A
Trichloronale
Trinuralin
Vanadium
1 ,2,4,5-Telrachlorobenzene
2,4-Dichloro- 1 -(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
4,4'-MethyIenebis(2-chloroaniline)
4,4'-Mcthylenediphenyl isocyanate
Arochlor 1016
Benefit!
Chlorobenzilate
Chlorthiophos
Chrysene
Diethylslilbestrol
Endosulfan
Ethion
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexabromobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-
Profluralin
l-((2,4-DimethyIphenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenol
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
Bioaccumulnlion
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
Human Toxidty
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
. 1
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
Bionccumulntion
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2'
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
Ecological Toxidty
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 '
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
15
DRAFT
D-4
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
490 1 -5 1 -3
58-90-2
786-19-6
55285-14-8
470-90-6
2921-88-2
5598-13-0
1861-32-1
67-72-1
33820-53-0
2234-13-1
112-90-3
82-68-8
25154-52-3
4104-14-7
3468-63-1
129-00-0
3383-96-8
961-11-5
2303-17-5
1330-78-5
126-72-7
3380-34-5
118-79-6
140-66-9
84852-15-3
14351-50-9
7440-36-0
7440-39-3
225-51-4
7440-41-7
7440-43-9
494-03-1
1937-37-7
78-48-8
CHEMICAL NAME
2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
Carbophenothion
Carbosulfan
Chlorfenvinfos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos methyl
Dacthal
Hexachloroethane
Isopropalin
Oclachloronaphthalene
Oleyl ainine
Pentachloronilrobenzene
Phenol, nonyl-
Phosacelim
Pigment orange 5
Pyrene
Temephos
Telrachlorvinphos
Triallate
Tricresyl phosphate
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-hydroxidiphenyI ether
2,4,6-Tribromophenol
4-( 1 , 1 ,3.3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenol
4-Nonyl phenol, branched
9-Octadecenylamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide, (Z)-
Antimony
Barium
Benz(c)acridine
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chlornaphazin
CI Direct Black 38
DBF
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
. 3
I
Bioaccumulation
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
t
2
1
1
2
2
3
Human Toxicity
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
I
3
1
1
1
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
1
Bioaccumulation
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
Ecological Toxicity
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
I
3
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
DRAFT
D-5
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
333-4I-5
2676I-40-0
28553-12-0
298-04-4
319-85-7
319-86-8
135-88-6
7440-02-0
556-67-2
9036-19-5
98-51-1
434-64-0
298-02-2
50-55-5
57-24-9
3689-24-5
13071-79-9
7440-28-0
78-30-8
101-02-0
101-84-8
108-70-3
4904-61-4
5989-27-5
94-81-5
91-57-6
101-55-3
98-56-6
7005-72-3
83-32-9
140-57-8
7440-38-2
548-62-9
95-93-2
98-07-7
CHEMICAL NAME
3iazinon
Diisodecyl phiholate
Diisononyl phthatate
}isulfoton
lexachlorocyclohexane, bela-
Hexachlorocyclohexane, della-
^-phenyl-2-naphlhalenainine
Nickel
Dctatnethyl cycloletrasiloxane
Octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol
p-tert-Bulyltoluene
'erfluorotoluene
Phorate
Reserpine
Strychnine
Sulfolepp
Terbufos
Thallium
Tri-o-cresyl phosphate
Triphenyl phosphite
l.l'-Oxybisbenzene
1 ,3,5-Trichlorobenzene
1 ,5,9-Cyclododecatriene
1 -Methyl-4-( I -meihylethenyl)cyclohexene, (R)
2-MethyI-4-chlorophenoxybutyric acid (MCPB)
2-Methylnaphthalene
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
Acenaphlhene
Aramite
Arsenic
Basic violet 3
Benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethyl
Benzotrichloride
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
'ersistence
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
Biooccumulation
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
Human Toxleity
3
1
I
3
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
Bionccumulation
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
Ecological Toxlcily
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
1
•3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3 •
3
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
-14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
DRAFT
D-6
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
117-81-7
4044-65-9
1689-99-2
357-57-3
2008-41-5
2425-06-1
56-23-5
305-03-3
118-75-2
1982-47-4
7440-47-3
7440-50-8
56-72-4
21725-46-2
294-62-2
10311-84-9
77-73-6
20830-75-5
94-58-6
28804-88-8
882-33-7
112-55-0
86-73-7
944-22-9
303-34-4
7439-92-1
150-50-5
60-11-7
133-07-3
9016-45-9
56-38-2
76-01-7
139-40-2
299-84-3
7782-49-2
CHEMICAL NAME
Bis(2-ethyhexyl)phthalate
Bitoscanate
Bromoxynil oclanoate
Brucine
Butylate
Captafol
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorainbucil
Chloranil
Chloroxuron
Chromium
Copper
Coumaphos
Cyonazine
Cyclododecane
Dialifor
Dicyclopentadiene
Digoxin
Dihydrosafrole
Dimelhylnaphthalene
Diphenyl sulfide
Dodecyl mercaplan, n-
Fluorene
Fonofos
Lasiocarpine •
Lead
Merphos
N,N-Dimelhyl-4-(phenylazo)benzenamine
N-(Trichloromethylthio)phthalimide
Nonylphenol, ethoxylated
Paralhion
Penlachloroethane
Propazine
Ronnel
Selenium
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
1
2
1
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
Bioaccumulation
3
2
3
1
2
I
1
2
I
2
1
1
2
1
3
2
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
1
I
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
Human Toxicity
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
1
2
1
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
Bioaccumulation
3
2
3
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
3
2
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
1
|
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
Ecological Toxicity
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13 •
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
DRAFT
D-7
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
CAS NUMBER
7440-224
131-52-2
97-77-8
26471-62-5
91-08-7
25167-82-2
1929-77-7
7440-66-6
630-20-6
96-18-4
120-82-1
528-29-0
122-66-7
19 18-02-1
99-35-4
541-73-1
100-25-4
4080-31-3
872-05-9
112-41-4
107-64-2
112-88-9
57-06-7
1 120-36-1
2437-56-1
821-95-4
93-72-1
95-95-4
634-93-5
121-14-2
25013-16-5
91-58-7
131-89-5
75-86-5
94-74-6
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CHEMICALNAME
Silver
Sodium pcntachlorophcnate
Tclraethyllhiuram disulfidc
Toluene diisocyanale, commercial
Toluene-2,6-di!socyanale
Trichlorophcnol
Vemam
Zinc
1,1,1,2-Telrachloroelhane
1 ,2,3-TrichIoropropane
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2-Dinitrobenzene
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine
1,2-Pyridinecarboxylic acid. 4-ainino-3,5,6-lrichloro
1,3,5-Trinilrobenzene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
l-(3-ChloroallyI)-3,5,7-triaza-l-azoniaadam-antane chloride
1-Decene
I-Dodecene
1-Octadecanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-octadecyl-, chloride
1-Octadecene
1-Propene, 3-isothiocyanato-
I-Tetradecene
1-Tridecene
I-Undecene
2.4,5-TP (Silvex)
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoi
2,4,6-Trichloroaniline
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2- and 3-t-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole
2-ChloronaphthaIene
2-CyclohexyI-4,6-dinitrophenol
2-Hydroxy-2-melhyI propanenitrile
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacelic acid (MCPA)
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
2
I
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Blooccu mutation
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
I
I
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
Human Toxicity
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
I
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
I
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bioaccumulaiion
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
Ecological Toxicity
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
DRAFT
D-8
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
1 19-90-4
482-89-3
94-82-6
504-24-5
120-12-7
836-30-6
71-43-2
120-78-5
133-06-2
1563-66-2
81-88-9
64-86-8
20830-81-3
124-18-5
8065-48-3
2303-16-4
109-43-3
141-66-2
1464-53-5
60-51-5
88-85-7
122-39-4
111-82-0
13194-48-4
22224-92-6
59756-60-4
67-45-8
86-50-0
392-56-3
103-23-1
110-27-0
142-91-6
109-77-3
7487-94-7
CHEMICAL NAME
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
3H-IndoI-3-one,
2-( 1 ,3-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-indol-2-ylidene)- 1 ,2-dihydro-
4-(2,4-DichIorophenoxy) butyric acid
4-Aminopyridine
Anthracene
Benzenamine, 4-nitro-N-phenyl-
Benzene
Bis-benzothiazole-2,2'-disulfide
Captan
Carbofuran
CI Food Red 15
Colchicine
Daunornycin
Decane
Demeton
Diallate
Dibutyl sebacate
Dicrotophos
Diepoxybutane
Dimethoate
Dinoseb
Diphenylamine
Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester
Elhoprophos
Penamiphos
Fluridone
Purazolidone
Guthion
Hexafluorobenzene
Hexanedioic acid, bis(2-elhylhexyl)esler
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl palmitate
Malononitrile
Mercuric chloride
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
3
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
2
2
3
1
1
2
2
2
Bioaccumulation
1
2
.2
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3 '
1
1
Human Toxicity
3
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
3
1
3
2
1
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
3
2
3
3
2
1
1
1
3
3
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
3
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
2
2
3
1
1
2
2
2
Bioaccumulation
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
Ecological Toxicity
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
1
1
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
1
3
3
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
DRAFT
D-9
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
I0265-92-6
298-00-0
132I-944
56-04-2
50-07-7
7439-98-7
6923-22-4
98-95-3
61 1-14-3
111-65-9
622-96-8
98-73-7
1910-42-5
62-38-4
732-11-6
124-87-8
13515-40-7
127-91-3
23950-58-5
108-98-5
584-84-9
12002-48-1
1 15-86-6
71-55-6
76-13-1
75-34-3
96-12-8
106-93-4
95-50-1
107-06-2
96-23-1
542-75-6
99-65-0
130-15-4
1 12-53-8
CHEMICAL NAME
Melhamidophos
Methyl paralhion
Mclhylnapthlalene
Melhyllhiouracil
Milomycin C
Molybdenum
Monocrotophos
Nitrobenzene
o-Elhyltoluene
Octane
p-Ethylloluene
p-tert-Butylbenzoic acid
Paraquat dichloride
Phenylmercury acetate
Phosmet
Picrotoxin
Pigment yellow 73
Pinene, beta
Pronamide
Thiophenol
ToIuene-2,4-diisocyanate
Trichlorobenzene
Triphenyl phosphate
,1,1-Trichloroelhane
, 1 ,2-Trichloro- 1 ,2,2-trifluoroethane
,1-Dichloroethane
,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
,2-Dibromoethane
,2-Dichlorobenzene
,2-Dichloroethane
,3-DichIoropropanol
,3-DichIoropropylene
,3-Dinitrobenzene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
I-DodecanoI
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
Bioaccumutotlon
2
2
3
2
2
1
I
1
1
2
2
I
1
2
2
2
3
Human Toxldty
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
1
2
2
3
3
3
2
1
1
2
3
2
2
3
2
I
2
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
1
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
Blooccumulillon
2
2
3
2
2
1
I
I
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
3
Ecological Toxicity
3
3
2
3
1
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
1
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
DRAFT
D-10
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
99-87-6
6846-50-0
2431-50-7
120-83-2
128-37-0
21564-17-0
52-51-7
532-27-4
149-30-4
636-21-5
538-93-2
91-59-8
119-93-7
95-7ff-l
107-05-1
95-74-9
108-42-9
534-52-1
60-09-3
92-67-1
120-32-1
3165-93-3
15972-60-8
1 16-06-3
1646-88-4
834-12-8
61-82-5
7173-51-5
1912-24-9
2642-71-9
569-64-2
17804-35-2
99-51-4
25376-45-8
27176-87-0
CHEMICAL NAME
1 -Methyl-4-( 1 -methylethyl)benzene
2,2,4-Trimethyl- 1 ,3-pentanediol diisobutylate
2,3,4-Trichloro-l-butene
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Di-tert-Bulyl-p-cresol
2-(Thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole
2-Bromo-2-nitro-l,3-propanediol
2-Chloro- 1 -phenylethanone
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
2-Methylaniline hydrochloride
2-Methylpropyl benzene
2-Naphthylamine
3,3'-Dime!hy!benz!dine
3,4-Dichloroaniline
3-Chloro- 1 -propene
3-Chloro-p-toluidihe
3-Chloroaniline
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
4-(Phenylazo)benzenamine
4-Aminobiphenyl
4-Chloro-2-chlorophenol(phenylmethyl)pheno!
4-ChIoro-2-methylaniline hydrochloride
Alachldr
Aldicarb
Aldicarb sulfone
Ametryn
Amitrole
Ammonium, didecyldimethyl-, chloride
Atrazine
Azinphos-Ethyl
Basic green 4
Benomyl
Benzene, l,2-dime(hyI-4-nilro
Benzenediamine, ar-methyl-
Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
I
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bioaccumulation
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
|
1
1
1
2
Human Toxicity
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
3
2
2
1
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
I
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bioaccumulation
2
2 '
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Ecological Toxicity
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
1
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
!!
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
It
11
11
11
11
11
11
li
11
DRAFT
D-11
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
92-87-5
577-II-7
85-68-7
55406.53-6
63-25-2
I07-20-0
67-66-3
12I-73-3
4680-78-8
6876-23-9
91-I7-8
U7-84-0
84-74-2
3H-45-5
148-18-5
77-78-1
644-64-4
25321-14-6
78-34-2
1 38-86-3
I06-89-8
759-94-4
75-21-8
96-45-7
64-02-8
122-14-5
51-21-8
23422-53-9
140-01-2
1 10-54-3
II 9-38-0
330-55-2
121-75-5
12427-38-2
51-75-2
CHEMICALNAMB
Benzldine
Bis(2-elhylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinale
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Carbamic add, butyl-. 3-iodo-2-propynyl ester
Carbaryl
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroform
Chloronitrobcnzenc. m-
CI Acid Green 3
Cyclohexane, 1,2-dimelhyl, trans-
decahydronnpthalene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Dibutyl phthalate
Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate
Diethyldithiocarbamic acid, sodium salt
Dimethyl sulfale
Dimetilon
Dinitrotoluene
Dibxathion
Dipentene
Epichlorohydrin
EPTC
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Ethylenediaminetetraaceteic acid, tetrasodium salt
Fenitrothion
Fluorouracil
Formetanate hydrochloride
Glycine, N,N-bis
Hexone
Isopropylmethylpyrazolyldimethylcarbamate
Linuron
Malathion
Maneb
Mechlorethamine
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
1
I
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
Bioaccumulalion
1
3
2
2
2
3
2
1
1
I
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
!
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Human Toxlcity
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
1
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2 •
2
2 '
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
Biooccumulaiion
1
3
2
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Ecological Toxicity
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
2
1
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
DRAFT
D-12
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
1600-27-7
950-37-8
2032-65-7
108-87-2
1129-41-5
7786-34-7
505-60-2
105-55-5
53-96-3
55-18-5
103-65-1
300-76-5
91-20-3
10595-95-6
51811-79-1
23135-22-0
88-04-0
64-00-6
108-45-2
95-54-5
13171-21-6
57-47-6
80-56-8
1918-16-7
95-63-6
106-51-4
81-07-2
122-34-9
2893-78-9
62-74-8
107-49-3
39196-18-4
297-97-2
62-56-6
137-26-8
CHEMICAL NAME
Mercuric acetate
Methidathion
Methiocarb
Methyl cyclohexane
Metolcarb
VIevinphos
Mustard gas
N.N'-Diethylthiourea
^-9H-Fluoren-2-yl acetamide
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
n-Propylbenzene
Naled
Maphthaiene
Mitrosomethylethylamine
Nonylphenol ethoxylated + phosphated
Oxamyl
p-Chloro-m-xylenol
Phenol, 3-(l-Methylethyl)-, methyl carbainate
Phenylenediamine, m-
Phenylenediamine, o-
Phosphamidon
Physostigmine
Pinene, alpha
Propachlor
Pseudocumene
Quinone
Saccharin and salts
Simazine
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate
Sodium fluoroacetate
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
Thiofanox
Thionazin
Thiourea
Thiram
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL .
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bioaccumulation
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
I
2
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Human Toxicily
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
. 3
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
3
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 .
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2 .
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bioaccumulation
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
!
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
Ecological Toxicity
• 3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
DRAFT
D-13
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
98-I3-S
52-68-6
81-81-2
92-83-1
79-34-5
79-00-5
496-72-0
35691-65-7
1120-71-4
2691-41-0
626-17-5
10061-01-5
10061-02-6
110-57-6
106-46-7
2243-62-1
591-08-2
106-43-4
100-00-5
90-12-0
134-32-7
111-66-0
271-89-6
496-11-7
93-76-5
88-06-2
118-96-7
94-75-7
51-28-5
123-54-6
95-68-1
95-82-9
87-62-7
606-20-2
99-55-8
CHEMICALNAME
Trichlorophenylsilanc
Trichlorophon
Warfarin
Xanthene
. 1 ,2,2-Tcirachloroclhanc
,1,2-Trichloroelhane
,2-Diamino-4-melhyIbenzene
,2-Dibromo-2.4-dicyanobuiane
,2-Oxathiolane, 2.2-dioxide
,3,5,7-Tetrazocine, octahydro- 1 ,3.5,7-tetranitro-
,3-Benzcnedicarbonilrilc
,3-Dichloropropene, cis-
,3-Dichloropropene, trans-
,4-Dichloro-trans-2-butene
,4-Dichlorobenzene
,5'-Naphthalenediamine
-Acetyl-2-lhiourea
-Chloro-4-methyIbenzene
-Chloro-4-nilrobenzene
-Methylnaphthalene
-Naphthalenamine
-Octene
2,3-Benzofuran
2,3-Dihydro-lH-indene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacelic acid
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trinitrotoiuene (TNT)
2,4-D
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Pentanedione
2,4-Xylidine
2,5-Dichlorobenzenamine
2,6-Dimethylbenzenamine
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
2-Methyl-5-nitroaniIine
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2 '
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
BiooccuMuMon
2
1
1
2
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
I
2
I
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Human Toxieity
2
2
3
I
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bioaccumulaiion
2
1
1
2
I
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
. 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
I
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
I
Ecological Toxieity
I
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
II
I!
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10.
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
DRAFT
D-14
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
26530-20- 1
88-75-5
103-11-7
760-23-6
98-16-8
133-90-4
98-92-0
106-47-8
95-80-7
59-89-2
110-93-0
2702-72-9
107-02-8
591-27-5
62-53-3
492-80-8
98-87-3
98-82-8
610-39-9
1982-69-0
1 19-61-9
98-88-4
100-44-7
1 11-44-4
108-60-1
80-05-7
75-25-2
104-51-8
2475-46-9
2832-40-8
51-79-6
79-44-7
24934-91-6
999-81-5
108-90-7
CHEMICAL NAME
2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazoIin-3-one
2-NilrophendI
2-Propenoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
3,4-Dichloro- 1 -butene
3-(TrifIuoromethyl)benzenamine
3-Amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid
3-Pyfidinecarboxamide
4-Chloroaniline
4-Methyl- 1 ,3-benzenediamine
4-Nitrosomorpholine
5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl
Acetic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-, sodium salt
Acrolein
Aminophenol, m-
Aniline
Auramine
Benzal chloride
Benzene, (l-methylelhyl)-
Benzene, 4-methyI-l,2-dinitro-
Benzoic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy-, sodium salt
Benzophenone
Benzoyl chloride
Benzyl chloride
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)elher
Bisphenol A
Bromoform
Butylbenzene
C.I. disperse blue 3
C.I. Disperse yellow 3
Carbamic acid, ethyl ester
Carbamic chloride, dimethyl-
Chlormephos
Chlormequat chloride
Chlorobenzene
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
persistence
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bioaccumulation
1
1
2
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Human Toxicity
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
3
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bioaccumulation
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
I
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Ecological Toxicity
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
1
1
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
I
2
1
2
2
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
DRAFT
D-15
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
124-48-I
542-88- 1
107-30-2
88-73-3
95-49-8
1319-77-3
26444-49-5
80-15-9
506-68-3
66-81-9
50-18-0
919-86-8
103-24-2
131-17-9
132-64-9
62-73-7
103-83-3
7398-69-8
1300-71-6
145-73-3
62-50-0
100-41-4
2235-25-8
52-85-7
2164-17-2
640-19-7
2540-82-1
100-97-0
680-31-9
55-91-4
120-58-1
142-90-5
148-82-3
126-98-7
124-63-0
CHEMICAL NAME
Chlorodibromomclhanc
Chloromelhyl clher
Chloromcihyl methyl ether
Chloronitrobenzcne, o-
Chlorololucnc, o-
Cresol
Cresyl diphcnyl phosphate
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cyanogen bromide
Cycloheximide
Cyclophospharnide
Demeton-S-Methyl
Di-2-elhylhexyl azelate
Diallyl phthalale
Dibenzofuran
Dichlorvos
Dimethylbenzylamine
Dimelhyldiallylanimonium chloride
Dimethylphenol
Endothall
Ethyl meihanesulfonale
Ethylbenzene
Ethylmercuric phosphate
Famphur
FluometUFon
Fluoroacetamide
Formolhion
Hexamethylenetetramine
Hexainethylphosphoramide
Isofluorphale
Isosafrole
Lauryl methacrylate
Melphalan
Methacrylonitrile
Methanesulfonyl chloride
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
Biooccumulation
1
I
1
I
1
!
2
I
1
1
1
I
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
I
Human Toxidty
2
3
3
2
2
3
I
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
2
I
3
2
2
2
1
3
2
2
1
3
3
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
2
I
2
2
2
2
2
I
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
Bioaccumulaiion
I
I
I
I
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
3
1
1
1
Ecological Toxicily
2
1
1
2
2
1
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
i
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
DRAFT
D-16
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
16752-77-5
22 1 2-67- 1
HO-91-8
109-46-6
HO-26-9
684-93-5
759-73-9
70-25-7
6I5-53-2
62 1 -64-7
IH6-54-7
86-30-6
4549-40-0
16543-55-8
1 00-75-4
930-55-2
90-30-2
1 26-99-8
54- 1 1 -5
99-09-2
55-63-0
83-4 1 -0
152-16-9
1 1 2-80- i
96-09-3
98-54-4
HI4-71-2
75-44-5
78-42-2
10025-87-3
88-89-1
12236-62-3
6358-31-2
2631-37-0
122-42-9
CHEMICAL NAME
Methomyl
Molinate
Morpholine
N.N'-Dibutyllhiourea
N,N'-Methy!enebisacrylamide
N-Me(hyl-N-nitrosourea
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
N-Nitroso-N-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine
N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane
N-Nitrosodi-n-propyl amine
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylainine
N-Nilrosomethylvinylainine
N-Niirosonornicoiine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
N-Phenyl- 1 -naphthalenamine
Neoprene
Nicotine
Nitroaniline, m-
Nitroglycerine
o-Xylene, 3-nilro-
Octamethyldiphosphoramide
Oleic acid
Oxirane, phcnyl-
p-tert-Butylphenol
Pebulate
Phosgene
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Phosphorus oxychloride
Picric acid
Pigment orange 36
Pigment yellow 74
Promecarb
Propham
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
I
2
2
3
3
.2
2
Bioaccumulation
1
1
I
1
1
I
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
i
1
1
1
Human Toxicity
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
•2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
1
1
2
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
' 2
2
1
2
2
i
2
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
Bioaccumulation
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ecological Toxicity
2
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
i
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
I
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
DRAFT
D-17
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
53558-25- 1
94-59-7
I51-21-3
100-42-5
75-64-9
127-18-4
629-59-4
62-55-5
640-15-3
23564-05-8
79-19-6
823-40-5
126-73-8
79-01-6
121-44-8
25551-13-7
66-75-1
75-01-4
88-12-0
1 10-98-5
85-70-1
156-59-2
540-59-0
78-87-5
540-73-8
156-60-5
85-43-8
123-91-1
470-82-6
140-31-8
108-31-6
576-26-1
93-65-2
78-51-3
2867-47-2
CHEMICAL NAME
Pyriminil
Safrole
Sodium laurvl sulfate
Styrene
Tert-butylamine
Tetrachloroelhylene
Tclradecane
Thioacelamide
Thiometon
Thiophanate-methyl
Thiosemicarbozide
Toluene-2,6-diamine
Tributyl phosphate
Trichloroethylene
Trielhylamine
Trimelhyl benzene (mixed isomers)
Uracil mustard
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl pyrrolidione
1 , 1 '-oxybis-2-proponol
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2-butoxy-2-oxyethyl butyl ester
1,2-Dichloroethene, cis-
1,2-DichIoroelhyIene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
1 ,2-Dimethylhydrazine
1 ,2-trans-Dichloroethene
1 ,3-Isobenzofurandione, 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-
1,4-Dioxane
1,8-Epoxy-p-menthane
1-Piperazineethanamine
2,5-Furandione
2,6-Dimethylphenol
2-(2-Melhyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP)
2-ButoxyethanoI, phosphate (3:1)
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, 2-(diinethy!ainino)ethyI ester
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
Bioaccumulation
I
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
Human Toxicity
2
2
I
2
2
2
1
3
I
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
I
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
2
I
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
I
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
Bioaccumulation
1
1
I
I
I
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
• 1
1
1
1
2
2
1
Ecological Toxicity
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
1
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
I
2
1
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
DRAFT
D-18
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
120-18-3
107-87-9
616-45-5
3452-97-9
70-69-9
104-94-9
108-89-4
100-01-6
100-02-7
208-96-8
30560-19-1
650-51-1
102-01-2
506-96-7
79-06-1
107-13-1
123-77-3
55-21-0
98-09-9
134-20-3
532-32-1
111-91-1
75-27-4
74-83-9
1689-84-5
111-36-4
76-22-2
353-50-4
120-80-9
79-11-8
74-87-3
1897-45-6
57-12-5
506-77-4
2636-26-2
CHEMICAL NAME
2-Naphthalene sulfonic acid
2-Pentanone
2-Pyrrolidinone
3,5,5-Trimethyl-l-hexanol
4-Aminopropiophenone
4-Methoxybenzenainine
4-Melhyl pyridine
4-Nitrobenzenamine
4-Nilrophenol
Acenaphthylene
Acephate
Acetic acid, trichloro-, sodium salt
Acetoacetanilide
Acetyl bromide
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Azodicarbonamide
Benzamide
Benzenesulfonyl chloride
Benzoic acid, 2-amino-, methyl ester
Benzoic acid, sodium salt
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Broinodicliloromethane
Bromomethane
Bromoxynil
Butyl isocyanate
Camphor
Carbonic difluoride
Catechol
Chloroacetic acid
Chloromelhane
Chlorthalonil
Cyanide
Cyanogen chloride
Cyanophos
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
Bioaccumulation
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
Human Toxicity
I
2
I
1
2
2
2
2
2
I
2
2
! '
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
Bioaccumulation
2
Ecological Toxicity
2
1
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
2
3
1
3
3
3
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
, 9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
DRAFT
D-19
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
75-99-0
II2-30-I
75-7 1-8
26952-23-8
Ili-77-3
112-34-5
57-I4-7
142-84-7
25265-7 1 -8
54 1 -53-7
51-43-4
15 1 -56-4
97-53-0
50-00-0
765-34-4
142-82-5
25339-56-4
74-90-8
123-31-9
74-88-4
108-20-3
108-78-1
1338-23-4
60-34-4
556-61-6
120-94-5
74-95-3
1615-80-1
127-19-5
5064-31-3
924-16-3
756-80-9
78-11-5
62-44-2
108-95-2
CHEMICAL NAME
Dalapon
Decyl alcohol
Dichlorodifluoromelhane
Dichloropropene
Dicthylcnc glycol methyl ether
Dielhylene glycol inonobutyl. ether
Dimelhylhydrazine
Dipropylamine
Dipropylene glycol
Dithobiuret
Epinephrine
Ethyleneimine
Eugenol
Formaldehyde
Glycidylaldehyde
Heptane, n-
Heptene
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydroquinone
lodomethane
Isopropyl ether
Melamine
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Mgthyl hydrazine
Methyl isothiocyanate
Methyl pyrrolidine
Melhylene bromide
N.N'-Diethylhydrazine
N.N'-Dimethylacetamide
N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-glycine trisodium salt
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
O,O-Dimethyl phosphorodilhioate
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Phenacetin
Phenol
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
I
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
Bionccumulation
I
2
I
1
2
2
Human Toxlcity
2
1
2
1
2
2
3
I
2
2
3
3
1
3
3
I
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
3
2
I
2
3
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
I
2
2
2
2
I
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
Biofficctimulution
I
2
2
2
Ecological Toxicity
1
2
1
2
I
I
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
I
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
DRAFT
D-20
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
106-50-3
90-43-7
103-85-5
7719-12-2
85-44-9
151-50-8
333-20-0
107-12-0
75-56-9
75-55-8
110-86-1
91-22-5
497-19-8
143-33-9
132-27-4
95-06-7
64-67-5
97-99-4
509-14-8
5344-82-1
108-88-3
95-70-5
75-87-6
75-69-4
1 12-35-6
112-24-3
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
552-30-7
504-60-9
120-61-6
105-67-9
114-26-1
95-57-8
CHEMICAL NAME
Phenylenediamine, p-
Phenylphenol, o-
Phenylthiourea
Phosphorus trichloride
Phthalic anhydride
Potassium cyanide
Potassium thiocyanate
Propionitrile
Propylene oxide
Propyleneimine
Pyridine
Quinoline
Sodium carbonate
Sodium cyanide
Sodium-o-phenylphenate
Sulfallale
Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
Tetranitromethane
Thiourea, (2-chlorophenyl)-
Toluene
Toluene-2,5-diamine
Trichloroacetaldehyde
Trichlorofluoromethane
Triethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Trielhylene tetramine
Xylene, m-
Xylene, o-
Xylene, p-
1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic acid, anhydride
1,3-Pentadiene
1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester
2,4-Dimethylphenol
2-(l-Methylethoxy)phenol, methyl carbamate
2-Chloroplienol
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
I
1
1
1
Bioaccumulation
Human Toxicity
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
3
2
3
I
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bioaccumulation
Ecological Toxicity
2
3
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
8
DRAFT
D-21
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
104-76-7
78-79-5
75-65-0
95-53-4
135-19-3
111-13-7
818-61-1
106-63-8
95-65-8
542-76-7
108-99-6
106-68-3
106-48-9
110-12-3
540-88-5
79-10-7
107-18-6
I07-II-9
115-02-6
100-52-7
121-57-3
141-32-2
75-00-3
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
123-73-9
121-82-4
123-42-2
111-42-2
109-89-7
100-37-8
121-69-7
68-12-2
646-06-0
CHEMICAL NAME
2-EihyJ-l-hexanol
2-Melhyl-l,3-buladiene
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methylaniline
2-Naphthol
2-Octanone
2-Propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, 2-mcihylpropyl ester
3,4-Dimelhylphenol
3-Chloropropionilrile
3-Melhyl pyridine
3-Oclanonc
4-Chlorophenol
5-Methyl-2-hexanone
Acetic acid, 1 , l-dimethylelhyl ester
Acrylic acid
Allyl alcohol
Allylamine
Azaserine
Benzaldehyde
Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-amino
Butyl acrylate, n-
Chloroelhane
Cresol, m-
Cresol, o-
Cresol, p-
Crotonaldehyde
Cyclotrimethylenetrinilramine
Diacetone alcohol
Dielhanolamine
Diethylainine
Dielhylaminoethanol
Dimethylaniline, N,N-
Dimethylformamide, N,N-
Dioxolane
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
I
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
BiofficctitnuMon
Human Toxicity
2
2
1
2
!
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
2
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
2
- 2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
I
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
Biooccumutation
Ecological Toxicity
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
I
2
2
1
2
2
1
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
DRAFT
D-22
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
1 12-00-5
64-17-5
60-29-7
75-04-7
107-15-3
111-54-6
60-004
1 15-90-2
144-49-0
1 10-00-9
98-01-1
107-22-2
78-59-1
75-31-0
97-65-4
78-97-7
96-33-3
563-804
74-93-1
1634-044
74-89-5
75-09-2
315-18-4
2763-96-4
124-40-3
62-75-9
99-08-1
88-72-2
99-99-0
1 1 1-87-5
59-50-7
104-15-4
10649-0
123-63-7
107-19-7
CHEMICAL NAME
Dodecyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride
Ethyl alcohol
Elhyl ether
Ethylamine
Ethvlene diamine
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts & esters
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Fensulfothion
Fluoroacetic acid
Furans
Furfural
Glyoxal
Isophorone
Isopropylamine
Itaconic acid
Lactonilrile
Methyl acrylate
Methyl isopropyl ketone
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl-t-butyl ether
Methylamine
Methylene chloride
Mexacarbate
Muscimol
N-Methyl melhanainine
N-Nitrosodimethylamihe
Nitrotoluene, m-
Nilrotoluene, o-
Nilrotoluene, p-
Octyl alcohol, n-
p-Chloro-m-cresol
p-ToIuenesulfonic acid
p-Toluidine
Paraldehyde
Propargyl alcohol
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
1
1
2
I
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
2
1
2
1
Bioaccumulation
Human Toxicity
2
2
I
2
2
1
1
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
I
1
2
I
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
1
1
2
I
1
2
2
1
I
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
Bioaccumulation
Ecological Toxicity
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
I
2
2
3
2
I
2
I
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
1
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
DRAFT
D-23
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
1 3952-84-6
563-4I-7
540-72-7
1 8883-66-4
109-99-9
1 1 9-64-2
H2-50-5
75-50-3
57-13-6
108-05-4
1330-20-7
75-35-4
11 1-55-7
108-67-8
108-46-3
90-15-3
107-10-8
110-65-6
77-99-6
591-78-6
868-77-9
79-46-9
108-11-2
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
98-86-2
1596-84-5
68603-15-6
628-63-7
71-41-0
50-78-2
CHEMICALNAME
Sec-bulylotnine
Scinicaibazide hydrochloride
Sodium thiocywate
Streptozolocin
Tetrahydrofuran
Telralin
Trielhylene glycol monoethyl ether
Trimethylamine
Urea
Vinyl acetate
Xylenes
,1-Dichloroethylene
,2-Ethanediol, diacelate
,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
,3-Benzenediol
-Naphlhalenol
-Propanamine
2-Butyne-l,4-diol
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-propanediol
2-Hexanone
2-Melhyl-2-propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyelhyI ester
2-Nitropropane
4-Methyl-2-pentanol
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic acid, anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitriie
Acetophenone
Alar
Alcohols, C6-C12
Amyl acetate
Amyl alcohol, n-
Aspirin
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
1
1
1
I
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Bioaccumuttuion
I
1
-1
1
!
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Human Toxicity
2
2
2
3
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
I
1
2
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
I
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
Bioaccumulntion
Ecological Toxicity
2
2
2
I
I
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
DRAFT
D-24
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
100-51-6
123-86-4
71-36-3
109-73-9
75-15-0
74-11-3
107-07-3
460-19-5
1 10-82-7
108-93-0
108-91-8
287-92-3
141-28-6
84-66-2
111-46-6
111-40-0
108-83-8
142-78-9
141-43-5
74-85-1
140-88-5
105-37-3
97-63-2
1 10-80-5
111-76-2
1 1 1-15-9
109-86-4
110-49-6
122-99-6
64-18-6
66-25-1
142-62-1
111-27-3
7647-01-0
67-63-0
CHEMICAL NAME
Benzyl alcohol
Butyl acetate, n-
Butyl alcohol, n-
Butylamine
Carbon disulfide
Chlorobenzoic acid, p-
Chloroethanol
Cyanogen
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexylamine
Cyclopentane
Diethyl adipate
Diethyl phthalate
Diethylene glycol
Diethylene triamine
Diisobutyl ketone
Dodecanamide, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
Ethanol ainine
Ethene
Ethyl acrylate
Ethyl ester propanoic acid
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene glycol ethyl ether
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether
Formic acid
Hexanal
Hexanoic acid
Hexanol
Hydrochloric acid
Isopropyl alcohol
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
1
1
1
Bioaccumulation
1
Human Toxicity
1
1
2
I
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
I
1
I
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
Bioaccumulation
Ecological Toxicity
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
I
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
DRAFT
D-25
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRfOfHTiZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
7447-41-8
123-33-1
90-05-1
79-22-1
108-10-1
624-83-9
80-62-6
96-37-7
139-13-9
109-60-4
126-30-7
144-62-7
1 10-62-3
109-66-0
123-38-6
144-55-8
1401-55-4
100-21-0
68-11-1
102-71-6
112-27-6
512-56-1
109-52-4
110-97-4
57-55-6
94-96-2
78-96-6
109-69-3
115-77-5
78-92-2
109-06-8
107-41-5
79-41-4
584-02-1
79-20-9
CHEMICAL NAME
Lithium chloride
Maleic hydrazi.de
Methyl catechol, o-
Methyl chloroformale
Methyl isobulyl kclone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl methacrytate
Methylcyclopentane
N,N-Bis(carboxyinethyl)grycme
n-Propyl acetate
Neopentyl glycol
Oxalic acid
Pentanal
Pentane
Propanal
Sodium bicarbonate
Tannic acid
Terephlhalic acid
Thioglycolic acid
Triethanolamine
Triethylene glycol
Trimethyl phosphate
Valeric acid
1 , r-iminobis-2-propanol
1,2-Propanediol
l,3-Hexanediol,2-ethyI-
1 -Ainino-2-propanol
1-Chlorobutane
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-I,3-propanediol
2-Butanol
2-Methyl pyridine
2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
3-Pentanol
Acetic acid, methyl ester
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
Bioaccumutolion
Human Toxlcity
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
•
Bioaccumulation
Ecological Toxiclty
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
I
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
DRAFT
D-26
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
65-85-0
58-85-5
123-72-8
107-92-6
141-97-9
97-88-1 .
77-92-9
108-94-1
111-90-0
131-11-3
67-68-5
141-78-6
107-21-1
110-17-8
105-60-2
111-69-3
124-04-9
123-92-2
110-19-0
78-83-1
121-91-5
108-21-4
110-16-7
67-56-1
1 10-43-0
78-93-3
590-01-2
71-23-8
75-52-5
1 12-05-0
25322-68-3
7447-40-7
56-81-5
79-09-4
123-62-6
CHEMICAL NAME
Benzole acid
Biotin
Butanal
Butanoic acid
Butanoic acid, 3-oxo-, ethyl ester
Butyl methacrylate
Citric acid
Cyclohexanone
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Ethyl acetate
Ethyiene giycoi
Fumaric acid
Hexahydro-2H-Azepin-2-one
Hexanedinitrile
Hexanedioic acid
Isoainyl acetate
Isobutyl acetate
Isobutyl alcohol
Isophthalic acid
Isopropyl acetate
Maleic acid
Methanol
Methyl ainyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
n-Butyl propionate
n-Propyl alcohol
Nitromethane
Pelargonic acid
Polyethylene glycol
Potassium chloride
Propanetriol
Propionic acid
Propionic anhydride
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
Bioaccumulation
Human Toxicity
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
Bioaccumulation
Ecological Toxicity
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
DRAFT
D-27
-------
APPENDIX D: DRAFT PRIORITIZED CHEMICAL LIST
EXHIBIT D-1
Draft Prioritized Chemical List
CAS NUMBER
69-72-7
7647-14-5
1 10-15-6
1 12-60-7
CHEMICAL NAME
Salicylic acid
Sodium chloride
Succinic acid
Tclrneihvtenc Elvcol
HUMAN HEALTH RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
I
I
1
1
Bioaccumulation
I
1
1
1
Human Toxicity
1
I
I
I
ECOLOGICAL RISK POTENTIAL
Persistence
1
I
1
I
BioKcmnuIalion
I
1
1
1
Ecological Toxicity
I
1
1
I
OVERALL
CHEMICAL
SCORE
6
6
6
6
Score Key:
3 - High. 2 - Medium, I - Low
DRAFT
D-28
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APPENDIX E
CHEMICAL LIST INFORMATION
This appendix presents 15 regulatory lists (in Exhibits E-l through E-5) and two non-
regulatory lists (Exhibit E-6) with which each chemical in WMPT is cross-referenced. The
regulatory lists cover chemicals of interest under several environmental statutes. Comparison
of chemicals in the WMPT against these lists helps identify which chemicals may pose concern
in environmental media and indicates which EPA program offices will be concerned and
knowledgeable about the chemical. It also indicates potential sources of additional
information for the chemical.
As an indicator of the prior and current attention EPA has given to chemicals in WMPT, each
chemical is cross-referenced with the 15 regulatory lists shown in Exhibits E-l through E-5. These
regulatory lists cover chemicals of interest under several environmental statutes including the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA),
the Clean Air Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and the Clean Water Act.
In addition, WMPT chemicals are also cross-referenced with the two non-regulatory lists shown in
Exhibit E-6. These lists are indicators of human occupational exposure concerns developed by non-
regulatory agencies.
Note that the regulatory and non-regulatory list information is included in the WMPT for
informational purposes only, and has not been incorporated into the human toxicity, ecological toxicity,
persistence, bioaccumulation potential, or mass scoring. Also note that the chemical lists may include
chemical categories (e.g., mercury compounds) in additon to or instead of certain individual chemicals.
Thus, a user may encounter a situation where a particular chemical belongs to a listed chemical category,
and the WMPT may not show that particular chemical as being a member of any of the 17 lists because the
WMPT matches the chemical members to the lists by CAS number only.
REFERENCES FOR NON-REGULATORY LISTS
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 1993. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical
Hazards. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.
American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGffl). 1994. 1994-1995 Threshold Limit
Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices.
DRAFT
E-1
-------
APPENDIX E: CHEMICAL LIST INFORMATION
EXHIBIT E-1
U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Regulatory Lists
Chemical List
P Hazardous Waste Constituents
U Hazardous Waste Constituents
RCRA Section 3001 Hazardous
Wastes, Appendix VTfl
Hazardous Constituents
RCRA Section 3001 Hazardous
Wastes, Appendix IX Ground
Water Monitoring List
Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act Section 313
Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act Section 302
(a)(2)
Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act Section 1 10
Contents and Source
Chemicals from RCRA P list (40 CFR 261.33) — acute hazardous waste.
Chemicals from RCRA U list (40 CFR 261.33) — toxic wastes.
These are hazardous constituents of hazardous waste streams. The waste
streams are covered by CERCLA; however, the constituents are not
specifically covered by CERCLA (40 CFR 261).
Ground water is monitored for these constituents at RCRA land-based
hazardous waste disposal units (40 CFR 264).
These are the chemicals included in the Toxics Release Inventory under the
SARA Title HI Section 3 13 (40 CFR 372.65).
This list includes the 366 "Extremely Hazardous Substances" as listed
under the SARA Title III Section 302 (40 CFR 355, Appendix A).
The list of chemicals the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR) is to investigate under SARA Section 104(6)(a). (52 FR 12866,
April 17; 1987; 53 FR 41280, October 26, 1988; 54 FR 43615, October 17,
1990).
EXHIBIT E-2
U.S. EPA Office of Air and Radiation Regulatory Lists
Chemical List
Clean Air Act Amendments
Title ffi Hazardous Air
Pollutants
Clean Air Act Amendments
Section 602 and the Clean Air
Act Section 112(r)
Contents and Source
The hazardous air pollutants in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990,
Tide HI are listed (PL 101-549, Sec. 301).
The Clean Air Act Amendments section 602 list consists primarily of
chlorofluorocarbons, the Clean Air Act 1 12(r) list is comprised of regulated
toxic substances and a list of regulated flammable substances (PL 101-549,
Sec. 602 (b)).
DRAFT
E-2
-------
APPENDIX E: CHEMICAL LIST INFORMATION
EXHIBIT E-3
U.S. EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics Regulatory Lists
Chemical List
Contents and Source
Chemicals on Reporting Rules
(CORR)
The Chemicals on Reporting Rules database contains lists of chemical
substances, chemical categories and mixtures that are or have been the
subject of all proposed or final TSCA regulations.
On EPA's Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics Master
Testing List
The Master Testing List developed by the Office of Pollution Prevention
and Toxics to identify testing needs and priorities and to establish an agenda
for testing chemicals under the authority of TSCA Section 4 (December,
1992).
EXHIBIT E-4
U.S. EPA Office of Water Regulatory Lists
Chemical List
Contents and Source
Clean Water Act Priority
Pollutants
The list consists of the 126 Priority Pollutants in the Clean Water Act (40
CFR423, Appendix A).
Safe Drinking Water Act
Contaminants
The list of contaminants required to be regulated by the Safe Drinking
Water Act Amendments of 1986 (40 CFR 141.11, .12, .13, .15, .16, .61, .62,
.63) and the Drinking Water Priority List (56 FR 1470, January 14, 1991).
Clean Water Act Section
31.1 (b)(2)(A) Hazardous
Substances
Hazardous substances listed in Section 311 of the Clean Water Act are
those which, when discharged into waters, "present an imminent and
substantial danger to the public health or welfare, including, but not limited
to, fish, shellfish, wildlife, shorelines and beaches" (40 CFR 116.4).
EXHIBIT E-5
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Regulatory List
Chemical List
OSHA Permissible Exposure
Limits
Contents and Source 1
OSHA permissible exposure limits as a time-weighted average (TWA) 1
concentrations which must not be exceeded during any 8 hour shift of a I
40-hour workweek, short-term exposure limits (STEL), or ceiling 1
concentrations. |
DRAFT
E-3
-------
APPENDIX E: CHEMICAL LIST INFORMATION
EXHIBIT E-6
Non-regulatory Chemical Lists of Interest
Chemical List
NIOSH Recommended
Exposure Limits and
Immediately Dangerous to Life
and Health Limits
ACGIH Threshold Limit Values
Co .ents and Source
NIOSH recommended exposure limits (RELs) as time weighted average
(TWA) concentrations for up to a 10 hour work day during a 40-hour
workweek, short-term exposure limits (STEL), ceiling RELs, or
immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) concentrations.
ACGIH threshold limit values as time-weighted average (TWA)
concentrations which must not be exceeded during any 8 hour shift of a
40-hour workweek, short-term exposure limits (STEL), or ceiling
concentrations.
DRAFT
E-4
-------
APPENDIX F
CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
This appendix provides the background on how the links between chemicals and RCRA waste
codes were developed. Section F.I provides an introduction to the crosswalk, section F.2
describes the structure of the crosswalk and how it was created, section F.3 includes
abbreviated versions of the crosswalk tables, and section F.4 lists the references.
F.1 INTRODUCTION
The Chemical-RCRA Waste Code Crosswalk
designates possible links between about 500 chemicals
and nearly 600 RCRA hazardous waste codes that are
likely to be associated with these chemicals. The
crosswalk provides two useful services:
• The crosswalk can be used to identify
RCRA waste codes and,
subsequently, waste streams that are
likely to contain a particular chemical.
• The crosswalk can be used to identify
chemicals likely to be present in
particular waste streams.
The crosswalk provides a means of translating
between priority chemicals (e.g., high-ranking
chemical on the Draft Prioritized Chemical List
(PCL)) and the RCRA hazardous waste codes and
waste streams that may contain them. The crosswalk
has been integrated in the WMPT so that associations
between chemicals and waste codes can be generated
automatically.
F.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE CROSSWALK
F.2.1 Structure of the Crosswalk
What is a RCRA Hazardous
Waste Code?
A RCRA hazardous waste code is a label
(e.g., F027) placed on a certain type of
statutorily defined hazardous waste. Most
waste codes define waste that contains a
certain chemical or define waste that comes
from a certain industrial process. Many
wastes are designated by more than one
code.
What is a Chemical Name?
A chemical name is generally used to
identify a specific chemical. In practice,
however, many names (i.e., synonyms) can
refer to the same chemical. Furthermore,
some chemical names refer to groups of
chemicals with the same basic structure (i.e.,
isomers) or to chemicals that have a
common structural unit (e.g., cyanides).
The crosswalk consists of a series of tables with chemical names and CAS numbers listed on one
axis and RCRA D, F, K, P and U hazardous waste codes listed on the other axis, with notations in the cells
to mark any association between the chemicals and the waste codes. The tables are separated into
wastewaters and non-wastewaters. Listed in Exhibit F-l are the ten tables that comprise the crosswalk, the
number of RCRA waste codes included in each table, and the number of chemicals included in each table.
DRAFT
F-1
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
EXHIBIT F-1
Summary Information on the Crosswalk Tables
Table
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
RCRA Waste Code Category
D Codes, Wastewaters
D Codes, Non-wastewaters
F Codes, Wastewaters
F Codes, Non-wastewaters
K Codes, Wastewaters
K Codes, Non-wastewaters
P Codes, Wastewaters
P Codes, Non-wastewaters
U Codes, Wastewaters
U Codes, Non-wastewaters
Number of
Codes
40
41
28
28
113
114
124
124
271
271
Number of
Chemicals
41
46
241
262
190
184
140
137
294
293
Although the axes of the crosswalk contain the chemical names and the RCRA waste codes
(specific D, F, K, P, and U codes), the body of the crosswalk contains notations that identify the data
sources that indicate an association between the chemicals and waste codes. The notations include the
letters D, L, and H, which are explained in the next section.
To facilitate use of the tables, the chemical names are listed in alphabetical order. To allow for a
consistent approach for the alphabetization, the prefix of the chemical name (e.g., 1,2-, o-, trans-) has been
moved to the end of the chemical name and separated from the name by a comma.
Where multiple synonyms exist to name the same chemical, only one synonym is selected and
used consistently throughout the crosswalk tables. In some cases, a more common synonym is used as the
chemical name in the crosswalk in place of a less common synonym found in the crosswalk data sources
.g., CFR).
F.2.2 Approach Used to Develop the Crosswalk
To generate the crosswalk, data were collected from three sources, entered into tables, and
reviewed for accuracy. The data in the crosswalk include national-level waste characterization data from
the following sources:
• U.S. EPA's hazardous waste listings
• Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) treatment standards
• Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR) database1
Exhibit F-2 summarizes the three data sources.
1 The HWIR Process Waste Model database, compiled by U.S. EPA's Economics, Methods, and Risk
Assessment Division, includes data from the 1986 Generator Survey that were selectively updated during 1995.
DRAFT
F-2
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
EXHIBIT F-2
Data Sources for Lists of Chemicals Associated with RCRA Waste Codes
Letter
D,for
definition
data
L,forLDR
data
H,for
HWIRdata
Data Source
D Codes: 40 CFR 261.24, Table 1
F and K Codes: Appendix VH to 40 CFR 261
P and U Codes: 40 CFR 261.33
D, F, K, P, and U Codes: 40 CFR 268.40
F and K Codes only: HWIR Database
Explanation
Regulatory definition of the waste code.
Regulatory language that identifies
wastes as hazardous.
Land Disposal Restrictions standards.
Treatment standards for hazardous waste
prior to land disposal.
Hazardous Waste Identification Rule
database. Waste data gathered as part
of identifying waste that could "exit" the
hazardous waste classification system.
Each of these three types of data (D, L, and H) is described in more detail in the sections that follow. The
need to develop separate crosswalk tables for wastewaters and hon-wastewaters is also addressed.
D
K
Definition Data
The waste code definitions found
in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
were developed to define and categorize
hazardous wastes. Exhibit F-2 lists the
actual CFR citations for the RCRA
hazardous waste codes, and Exhibit F-3
provides general descriptions of each waste
code type. Waste code definitions often
provide an indication of the underlying
constituents to be found in waste that
carries that waste code. This observation
holds particularly true for D, P, and U
codes, which tend to be associated with one
chemical per code (although some of the
associations are to chemical categories
rather than individual chemicals).
Conversely, F and K codes are generally
associated with multiple chemicals because the codes are defined by the process generating the waste
rather than the chemicals that are present in the waste.
LDR Data
The LDRs include treatment standards for waste that is land disposed. Some of the LDR treatment
standards are maximum allowable concentrations (e.g., 0.8 mg/L) and others are specified treatment
technologies (e.g., biodegradation). The table of LDR treatment standards in the CFR is organized
according to individual chemicals (or categories) expected to occur in each RCRA hazardous waste code.
U
EXHIBIT F-3
RCRA Waste Code Categories
Characteristic hazardous waste
Hazardous waste from non-specific sources
Hazardous waste from specific sources
Discarded commercial chemical products, off-
specification species, container residuals, and
spill residues thereof—acute hazardous waste
Discarded commercial chemical products, off-
specification species, container residues, and
spill residues thereof—toxic wastes
DRAFT
F-3
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
For the purposes of this crosswalk, only those constituents with concentration standards were included in
the matrices (and identified with an "L"); constituents with only technology standards were excluded.2
According to the definition data (i.e., "D" data), most D, P, and U codes are defined as associated
with single chemicals (i.e., a one-waste-code-to-one-chemical relationship). LDR data, however, often
associate a waste code with more than one chemical. U.S. EPA decided to retain the LDR data in the D, P,
and U code crosswalk tables (even though it may indicate multiple associations for these single-chemical
defined waste codes) because the LDR data add useful information on the compounds into which a
chemical would dissociate or transform when in actual waste. For example, the definition data specify that
waste code P013 is defined as "barium cyanide." In contrast, the LDR data associate P013 with the two
ions that "barium cyanide" would dissociate into in solution, specifically, "barium" and "cyanide."
Therefore, to maintain a more complete picture of the chemicals that potentially would be found in (i.e.,
associated with) the waste defined by a waste code (and vice versa), the LDR data have been included in
the D, P, and U waste code crosswalk tables.
HWIRData
The HWIR data included in the crosswalk are from the HWIR Process Model Database (U.S.
EPA, 1995). The database includes waste constituents reported in the 1986 Generator Survey, which was
updated and revised as part of the analyses supporting HWIR. The database consists of a list of chemicals
found in waste streams and the associated list of waste codes for the specific waste streams. For each
combination of RCRA waste code and chemical, the database lists the number of "occurrences" (i.e., the
number of waste streams where that code and chemical are both present). The approach used to create the
HWIR database becomes a limitation when a waste stream carries multiple waste codes because the entire
list of chemicals for the waste stream is shown as associated with each of the individual codes. To lessen
the effects of potential mis-associations included in this data source, U.S. EPA took the following steps:
(1) U.S. EPA eliminated from the database the waste code-chemical combinations that had no
occurrences (i.e., number of occurrences = 0) or an extremely low number of occurrences
(i.e., number of occurrences = 1).
(2) For each of the remaining chemicals, U.S. EPA sorted the waste codes associated with the
chemical from the highest to the lowest number of occurrences, and only included those
waste codes that contributed to the cumulative 90. percent of all occurrences for that
chemical. In other words, U.S. EPA discarded waste codes in the tail of the distribution
that made up the lowest 10 percent of occurrences.
For two types of RCRA waste codes (F and K codes), the HWIR database provides useful
information because F and K codes are defined in the CFR as encompassing wastes from general processes
(i.e., there is no specific list of chemicals that each code encompasses). For D, P, and U codes, however, a
specific chemical is assigned in the CFR to each individual waste code and any additional HWTR data is
most likely superfluous. Therefore, U.S. EPA did not include associations based on the HWIR database in
the P and U code matrices. (HWIR data were not available for D waste codes.)
2 Associations based on LDR concentration standards were included in the crosswalk because they were
readily available electronically. U.S. EPA is considering adding associations based on LDR technology standards to
the crosswalk. Such additions are only expected to contribute a few associations that do not already exist in the
crosswalk (i.e., most of the LDR technology standards are for chemical-waste code associations that are already in
the crosswalk based on the other two data sources, primarily the definition "D" data source).
DRAFT
F-4
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APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
Separate Crosswalks Prepared for Wastewaters and Non-wastewaters
Two of the data sources (L and H) used to generate the crosswalk make a distinction between the
wastewater and non-wastewater forms of waste. Based on the form, these sources supply different
information on which chemicals are likely to be associated with the waste. To accommodate the differing
data for wastewater and non-wastewater forms of waste, separate tables for each of these waste forms were
constructed for each of the RCRA waste code categories (D, F, K, P, and U). Unlike the L and H data
sources, the definition (D) data source does not use such a distinction and, therefore, all data from the "D"
source are included identically in both wastewater and non-wastewater tables.
To help users understand and use the crosswalk, U.S. EPA has defined wastewaters and non-
wastewaters and developed an algorithm mat can be used to differentiate between them. The definition is
taken from the LDR, and the algorithm uses data from the Biennial Reporting System (BRS) to distinguish
between wastewaters and non-wastewaters.
LDR Definition
In 40 CFR 268.2, the LDR defines wastewaters as "wastes that contain less than one percent by
weight total organic carbon (TOC) and less than one percent by weight total suspended solids (TSS)."
Non-wastewaters are defined as wastes that do not meet the criteria for wastewaters. These definitions are
useful if TOC and TSS sampling data are available for the wastes of interest. If the user does not have
such data, however, the algorithm presented in the next section may be more useful.
Algorithm for BRS Data
Another source of information that can be used to differentiate between wastewaters and non-
wastewaters is the BRS reporting forms. The BRS reporting forms do not contain a data field that
indicates positively whether a hazardous waste stream is wastewater or non-wastewater, but U.S. EPA has
developed an algorithm3 that uses some of the data provided on the BRS reporting form to determine if the
waste is wastewater or non-wastewater. The algorithm uses both the "waste form code" and the "system
type" in which the waste is managed to make a rough judgment as to whether a particular waste is
wastewater or non-wastewater. This means that if the BRS respondent indicated that the physical/chemical
form of the waste (i.e., waste form code) was similar to that of wastewater (or non-wastewater) or if the
manner in which the waste was managed (i.e., system type) was similar to the processes used to manage
wastewater (or non-wastewater), then the waste is classified accordingly. The actual algorithm is as
follows:
Step 1 Wastes with waste form codes that are clearly reserved for non-wastewaters are classified
as non-wastewaters (irrespective of the system types in which the wastes are managed).
Waste form codes that are reserved for non-wastewaters are B001-B009, B301-B319,
B401-B409, B501-B519, B601-B609, B701, and B801.
Step 2 If the waste form code does not match any of the codes listed in Step 1, then the waste
form code is compared to the list of codes that are reserved for wastewaters. If a match
occurs, then the waste is considered wastewater. The waste form codes that are reserved
for wastewaters are B101, B102, BIOS, and Bl 10-116.
3 The algorithm presented here was developed recently by U.S. EPA for the National Hazardous Waste
Constituent Survey.
DRAFT
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
Step 3 If no match was found in Step 2, then the system type code is compared to the list of
wastewater system type codes. If a match occurs, then the waste is considered wastewater.
The system type codes that are wastewater system type codes are M071-M079, M081-
M085, M089, M091-M094, M099, M121-M124, and M134-136.
Step 4 If no match was found in Step 3, then the waste is classified as non-wastewater.
The crosswalk user will want to keep in mind that the above algorithm provides only general guidance and
should be considered secondary to higher-quality data (e.g., TSS, TOC, direct documentation) that indicate
whether a waste is wastewater or non-wastewater. Also, the above algorithm may, in some cases, err on
the side of classifying waste as non-wastewater rather than wastewater.
F.2.3 Quality of Associations in the Crosswalk
Because the crosswalk includes data from three different sources, the body of the tables or
matrices contains one of the several possible combinations of data sources that indicate associations; these
combinations are listed in Exhibit F-4.
Related to the quality of the
associations between chemicals and
the RCRA waste codes, in general,
the more sources that indicate an
association exists, the more likely it is
that the association exists in real
waste. There are, however,
exceptions to this logic:
• A single association
is actually quite
strong for some
waste codes, such as
the single-chemical-
defined D (i.e.,
D004-D043), P, and
U waste codes.
EXHIBIT F-4
Possible Combinations of Data Sources
Possible Combinations of
Data Sources
Blank
D
L
H
D/L
D/H
L/H
D/L/H
Category
No Data .
Single Association
Double Association
Triple Association
• Some waste codes
(i.e., D, P, and U) do not have HWIR (i.e., "H" data) included in their tables either due to
lack of availability or it being inappropriate to include HWIR data (see section F.2.2), and,
thus, can only achieve certain single (D, L) and double associations (D/L).
As for a hierarchy among the three individual data sources, it is very difficult to judge the relative quality
of "D" vs. "L" vs. "H" data. For example, it is not clear whether regulatory definition data from a number
of years ago (i.e., D data) are more accurate than data from more recent prevalence counts (i.e., H data).
F.2.4 Overlap Analysis
U.S. EPA determined the overlap between the chemicals in the crosswalk and those listed as the
"RCRA universe" chemicals. The "RCRA universe" chemicals are defined as Appendix VIE Hazardous
Constituents, chemicals on the Appendix IX Ground Water Monitoring List, and chemicals listed as
RCRA P and U wastes. The interest in describing such an overlap analysis is to indicate the amount of
coverage that the crosswalk provides to users interested in RCRA chemicals. The results are as follows:
DRAFT
F-6
-------
APPENDIX. F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
• Out of the 507 chemicals in the RCRA universe, 468 (92%) appear in the matrices as
found in wastewaters and associated with at least one waste code. These 468 chemicals
represent 95% of the total list of wastewater chemicals in the matrices (495).
• Out of the 507 RCRA chemicals, 469 (93%) appear in the matrices as found in non-
wastewaters and associated with at least one waste code. These 469 chemicals represent
95% of the total list of non-wastewater chemicals in the matrices (495).
• All but four chemicals overlap between the wastewaters list and the non-wastewaters list.
Two chemicals are unique to each list.
• Out of the 507 chemicals in the RCRA universe, 387 (76%) appear on the PCL. Of these
387 chemicals, 365 (72%) appear in the matrices as found in wastewaters and associated
with at least one waste code. These 365 chemicals represent 74% of the total list of
wastewater chemicals in the matrices (495).
• Out of the 387 RCRA chemicals (or 76 percent) that appear on the PCL, 364 (72%)
appear in the matrices as found in non-wastewaters and associated with at least one waste
code. These 364 chemicals represent 74% of the total list of non-wastewater chemicals in
the matrices (495).
F.2.5 Caveats and Important Assumptions
In using the crosswalk, the user should be aware of several limitations. Some of these limitations
have been incorporated in the preceding discussion of the crosswalk structure and development.
Additional important limitations are listed and discussed below.
• The D, L, and H associations (singly or in combination) provided in the crosswalk are
indicative but do not definitively link chemicals and waste codes. In some cases, the data
are dated and may not accurately represent current waste characteristics. Additionally, all
of these sources were intended to identify characteristics on a national, rather than a
facility, level.
• Some chemicals of interest (which may be present in wastes) may not appear in the
crosswalk.
• Some RCRA waste codes do not appear in the crosswalk. For example, the ignitability
and corrosivity characteristic codes (D001-D002) do not appear in the crosswalk and the
reactive characteristic code (D003) has only one association included, because chemicals
that are typically associated with these three waste codes are difficult to identify. This lack
of information can be an issue because significant quantities of hazardous waste streams
may be identified only by these waste codes. Other codes that were used in the past but
are no longer in use (e.g., U230, U231, U232, U233, and U242 were replaced by F027),
do not appear in the crosswalk.
• Because some chemicals are known by various names, finding a specific chemical name
may not be possible. Instead, using the chemical's CAS number will assist in finding the
desired chemical in the crosswalk.
• Chemical categories can overlap with individual chemicals and make use of the crosswalk
more involved. For example, the individual chemical 1,2-dichlorobenzene is included in
the crosswalk as is the chemical category "dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)," which
DRAFT
F-7
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
includes 1,2-dichlorobenzene as well as other isomers. See Exhibit F-5 below for a list of
chemical categories from the three data sources (D, L, and H) included in the crosswalk.
EXHIBIT F-5
Chemical Categories Included in the Crosswalk
Chemical Category
CAS Number
Categories or Chemical Names That Are Mixed Isomers
Cresol
Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
Dichloroethene
Dichloropropane
Dichloropropene
Dichloropropylene, 1,3-
Dinitrobenzene (mixed isomers)
Endosulfan
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
Phenylenediamine (mixed isomers)
Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachlorophenol
Trichloroethane
Trichlorophenol
1319-77-3
25321-22-6
25323-30-2
26638-19-7
26952-23-8
542-75-6
25154-54-5
115-29-7
34465-46-8
55684-94-1
36088-22-9
30402-15-4
25265-76-3
25322-20-7
25167-83-3
25323-89-1
25167-82-2
Broad Categories
Coal tars
Dithiocarbamates
Phosphorodithioc acid esters
Polychlorinated biphenyls
8007-45-2
-
-
1336-36-3
Categories Represented by CAS Number for Parent Compound
Parent Compound
Chromium
Cyanide
Nicotine
Strychnine
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-
Tetrachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,7,8-
Warfarin
CAS Number
7440-47-3
57-12-5
54-11-5
57-24-9
1746-01-6
51207-31-9
81-81-2
Category Represented
Chromium and compounds
Cyanides (total or amenable)
Nicotine and salts
Strychnine and salts
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
Warfarin and salts |
DRAFT
F-8
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
F.3 THE CROSSWALK
For illustrative purposes, the first page of each of the ten tables that make up the crosswalk is
included at the end of this appendix. The full set of crosswalk tables (approximately 120 pages) is
available in the U.S. EPA RCRA docket as document number EPA530-D-97-003. Contact the RCRA
Hotline (1-800-424-9346) to obtain a copy of this document.
F.4 REFERENCES
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). July 1,1996 edition. Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 40, Part 261.24, Table 1. Washington, DC.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). July 1,1996 edition. Code of Federal Regulations,
Tide 40, Part 261, Appendix VH. Washington, DC.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). July 1, 1996 edition. Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 40, Part 261.33. Washington, DC.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). July 1, 1996 edition. Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 40, Part 268.40. Washington, DC.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). March 15,1995. Quick Response Task 6—
Comparison of Constituents for Listed Waste Codes. Washington, DC: Office of Solid Waste.
Memorandum.
DRAFT
F-9
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEftllCAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
TABLE 1: Crosswalk for
D Codes, Wasttwaters
CASI
?M&»2
744O4M
"7M3-3
7440-43-1
M-JH
57.74-1
m-to-7
S7-4W
7«tU7-3
fOI-M-4
K-U-7
1OS-44-S
13IB-770
109-46-7
107-09-2
7S-3H
«4-76-7
121-14-2
72-20-8
78-44-8
1024-57-3
I1I-74-I
B7-68-3
07-72-1
7439-»2>1
7439-97-G
72^3-5
78-93-3
98-95-3
87-88-5
1104S-1
7782-49-2
7440^2-^
93-72-1
127-18-'
8001-35-:
70-01-6
05.95-'
88-06-2
75-01-<
UUBK
urtuu
£KZ£IC
iHc.amm.m«wio
CAOUUU
fMBOH TeiructdonoE
MOHOM4E
MLOKXCNZEHE
wionoFonu
cuftouum
:n£souu-
IHE601.0.
C RE SOUP-
;RESOLS (UIXEO ISOUCRSI
)ICHlOROe6HZEIIE.1.*-
MCHLOROETHAHE. 12-
XCHIOROEIHYLENE. 1,1.
MCHtOfiOPHEHOXYACETIC ACID, 2.4- (?.4-D]
)INIIROTOl.UENE.J.*-
:NDHN
HEPTACHLOfl
iEPTACHLOfl EPOXIOE
.6-TPJ
IETRACHIOROETHYLENE
[OXAPHENE
IRICaOROETHVLENE
IR1CHLOROPHENOL 2,4.5-
TRICHLOnOPHENOL, 2.4.C-
/1NYLCHLOBIOE
W.
(M.
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-5T
IM.
m.
U/L
l«L
U/L
..._
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—
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—
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D = CFH definilion ol Bio waslacode
I = Land Disposal RastricUons
Table 1
Page 1 of 1
6/12/97
DHAFT
DRAFT
F-10
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
TABLE 2: Crosswalk for
D Codes, Non-wastewaters
CAS»
7440-38-2
744WM
71-0-2
319-644
3H-85-7
319-66-8
58-89-9
7440-43-9
66-23-5
57-74-9
109-90-7
67-66-3
74W-47-3
108-39-4
95-48-7
10644-5
1319-77-3
57-12-5
10646-7
107-06-2
75-35-4
94-75-7
121-14-2
72-20-8
7421-934
7644-8
1024-57-3
116-74-1
87-68-3
67-72.1
7439-92-1
7439-97-6
72-43-5
78-93-3
99-95-3
87-86-5
110-S6-1
7782-49-2
7440-22-4
93-72-1
127-184
8001-35-2
79-01-8
95-95-4
08-06-2
75-01-4
ConiUHHnlNirm
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BENZENE
BHC. ALPHA-
BHC.BETA-
BHC. DELTA-
BHC, GAMMA- (UNDANE)
CADMIUM
CARBON TETHACHLOHIOS
CBLOHOANE
CHLOROBENZENE
CHIOBOFOHM
CHROMIUM
CRESOUM-
ORESOL.O-
CHESOL.P-
CRESOLS (MIXED ISOMERS)
CYANIDES (TOTAL Of AMENABLE)
3ICHLOROBENZENE. 1,4-
OICHLOROETHANE. IS-
OICHLOROETHYLENE, I.I-
DICKLOROPHENOXVACETIO ACID, 2,4- (2,4-1
DINITROTOLUENE.2.4-
=NORIN
ENORIN ALDEHYDE
-lEPTACHLOR
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE
KEXACHLOROBENZENE
HEXACHLOROBUTAOIENe
HEXACH1.0HOETHANE
.EAO
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METHOXYCHLOR
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
NITROBENZENE
PENTACHLOROPHENOL
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SELENIUM
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SILVEX(2,4.5-TP)
TETHACHLOROETHYLENE
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L
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1
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D » CFR definition of Ihe waste code
L * Land Disposal Restrictions
TablaZ
Page 1 of f
6/12/97
DRAFT
DRAFT
F-11
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
TABLES: Crosswalk for
F Codes, Wa»t«wat«r*
1 ^.,,
_ sttH
W*-M
— KH4
M4t-l
107-62-8
107.11-1
3COW-2
•HSHW*
— S8S!
•2-53-3
120-12-7
74404*0
•TWW-*
7440-38-2
744049-3
542-62-1
56-554
7143-2
21601-9
MS-99-2
207-08-9
50-32-t
191-24-2
744041-7
319-M-4
414-45-7
319-66-6
5M9-9
111-44-4
39638-32-9
117-81-7
75-27-4
75-25-2
74-83-9
101-55-3
71-36-3
65.68-7
744M3-9
13765-19-0
— TJiSS
56-23-5
57-74-9
126-99-6
69-50-7
9TS6-7
103-47-6
109-90-7
510-15-6
124-48-1
75-00-3
67-664
74-674
95-57-6
107-05-1
7440-474
7440-504)
" 544-924
10849-4
10S-44-5
1319-77-3
57-12-5
10M4-jJ
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D = CFRd«Mbnollh«w>sleec
PageloM
DRAFT
F-12
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
TABLE 4: Crosswalk for
F Codes, Non-wastewaters
CASI
93-32-9
63-32-9
208-96-8
67-64-1
75-05-8
93-86-2
75-36-5
107-02-6
107-13-1
309-00-2
107-18-6
20859-73-8
92-67-1
62-53-3
120-12-7
7440-38-0
25376-45-8
140-57-8
7440-38-2
7778-39-4
7440-39-3
E42-62-1
56-55-3
71-43-2
218-01-9
205-99-2
207-08-9
60-32-8
191-24-2
9M7-7
100-44-7
7440-41-7
319-64-6
319-85-7
319-86-8
58-69-9
111-44-4
39638-32-9
117-61-7
75-27-4
75-25-2
74-83-9
101-55-3
81-81-2
1338-23-4
71-36-3
85-66-7
7440-43-9
75-15-0
56-23-5
57-74-9
126-99-6
5*50-7
91-56-7
106-47-8
108-90-7
510-15-6
124-46-1
75-00-3
110-75-8
^
ConiiniKntNiiM
*CENAPHTHENE
ACENAPHTHYLENE
ACETONE
ACETONITRILE
ACETOPHENONE
tCETYL CHLORIDE
ACROLEIN
U3WLONITRILE
ALORIN
ALLYL ALCOHOL
MUMINUM PHOSPHATE
MINOBIPHENYL.4-
ANILINE
ANTHRACENE
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ARAMITE
ARSENIC
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JARIUM
3ARIUM CYANIDE
3ENZMANTHRACENE
9ENZENE
BENZOIA1PHENANTHRENE
BENZO(B)FLUORANTHENE
JENZOtKIFLUORANTHENE
BENZOIAIPYRENE
lENZOIQ.H.IIPERYLENE
3ENZOIC TRICHLORIDE
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1ERYLLIUM
!HC, ALPHA-
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IHOMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER. 4-
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CADMIUM
CARBON DISULFIOE
CARBON TETRACHLOHIDE
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H « HazonHxn Wasli IdenWlcBlkm Rulo djlabaso
Tibia 4
PogoloK
6/12/97
DRAFT
DRAFT
F-13
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEIUCAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
TABLES: Crotiwtlkfor
KCe>d«i,Watt«w»ttr»
c*it
BOM
txm
~7J*M
M«4-2
7f-CC*1
107.13-1
•2*J-W
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7XO-M-0
J43Jf-4$-l
140-57-1
744034-2
" 744WW
""""68-55-3
98-17*3
71-43-2
— iii-bTi
205-99-2
207-08-1
50-32.1
11-07-7
HO-44-7
7440-41-7
111-44-4
I17-81-7
542*88-1
74-83-1
71-38-3
85-68-7
2008-41*5
7440-43-fl
1929-77*7
63-25-2
10605-21-7
1563-68-2
75-15-0
56*23-5
55285-14-1
57-74-9
107-20-0
015-74-7
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66*3
74-87-3
95-57-8
744047*3
6007-45-2
7440-50-S
8001-58-0
108-39-4
8548-7
108-44-5
131J-77-3
57-12-5
108-94-1
84-74-2
117-84-0
^
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BENZOIAFYRENE
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6/12/17
DRAFT
DRAFT
F-14
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
TABLE 6: Crosswalk for
K Codes, Non-wastewaters
CAS*
83-32-9
208-964
67-64-1
75454
9949-2
7948-1
120-12-7
25376-454
744048-2
7440-39-3
1710445-2
56-55-3
99474
71-43-2
216-01-9
207-08-9
191-24-2
9947-7
100-44-7
7440-41-7
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11741-7
542-88.1
7440-434
1929-77-7
63-25-2
10605-21-7
1563-66-2
75-154
58-23-5
55265-144
57-744
67464
74474
95-574
7440-474
6007-45-2
7440-504
8001-58-9
108-39-4
106-44-5
57-12-5
84-74-2
53-704
108-93-4
8745-0
25321-224
_T
ACENAPHTHENE
ACENAPHtHYLENE
ftStONE
ACETONITRILE
ACETOPHENONE
ACRYLAMIDE
ANTHRACENE
AR-METHYL-BENZENEOIAMINE
ARSENIC
BARIUM
JENOMYL
iENZ(A)ANTHRACENE
BENZAL CHLORIDE
BENZENE
BENZO(A)PHENANTHRENE
BENZCXKIFLUORANTHENE
BENZdO.H.IFERYLENE
BENZOIC TRICHLORIDE
BENZYL CHLORIDE
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BISI2-CHLOROETHYDETHER
USI2-ETHYLHEXYL1PHTHALATE
BIS(CKLOROMETHYL) ETHER
BROMOMETHANE
BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
CADMIUM
CARBAMOTHIOIC ACID. DIPROPVL-. S-PROPYL
CARBARYL
CARBENDAZIM
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6/I2S7
DRAFT
DRAFT
F-15
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMCAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
TABLE 7: CrotcwiMcfor
P Godot, Watttw»t»r«
CAS*
~ar«fi
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11*4X4
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106-H-5
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DRAFT
DRAFT
F-16
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
TABLES: Crosswalk for
P Codes, Non-wastewaters
CAS*
591-08-2
107-02-8
110-06-3
1648-88-4
309-00-2
107-18-4
20859-73.8
. ??as*
504-24-5
131-74-8
7803-554
744038-2
7778-39-4
1303-28-2
1327-53-3
7440-39-3
542-62-1
122-09-8
108-98-5
100-44-7
7440-41-7
542-89-1
15339-36-3
593-31-2
357-57-3
592-01-8
21419-73-8
1563-66-2
75-15-0
SS285-14-8
107-20-0
106-47-8
S42~76-7
544-92-3
64-00-6
57-12-5
460-19-5
606-77-4
131-89-5
696-28-6
60-57-1
311-45-5
297-97-2
692-42-2
55-91-4
60-51-5
' 64'4&4
534-52-1
51-28-5
298-04-4
7446-18-6
541-53-7
115-29-7
959-98-8
33213-65-9
1031-07-8
145-73-3
72-20-8
7421-93-4
51-43-4
107-12-0
151-564
52-85-7
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emm
DRAFT
DRAFT
F-17
-------
APPENIDIX F: CHEMtCAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
TABLES: CrotiwaJkfor
-£?-5n
>i«ira
"" n-tti
~ uiM
Miiitt
nan
— 7*«R
Tj.io-7
• MM
12-UJ
744O-39-3
4*3404
11 KM
" 111474
J27II-23-3
22M14M
I7M4-35-2
Se-SSJ
22S41-4
8M7-3
71-o-a
MMM
WOM
12474
2IMI4
qaa
108-51-4
MO7-7
319-94-4
3I94S-7
_..^i»«a
6M9-9
tll-44-4
11741-7
133S-324
137-20-1
07*74-5
7S-25-2
ioi-sia
71-38-3
2008-41-5
13765-19-0
130-30-1
146-18-5
"5288840$
1929-77-7
63-25-2
10605-21-7
1563-38-8
56-23-5
353-50-4
57-74*
494-03-1
59-SO-7
91-58-7
3105-83-3
108-807
510-154
"110-75-8
67-68-3
744y
^
«*l«0£Krt*
WEIOHE ' '• ' "" " " """" ™
tctJOMrMiE " " "" ' "
UXfOHfHOOT^ "" '
KCClYl CMOfUO^
^CIWt/MOfi
KCftYQ£A6o
UOTBOlg
AmwE
UBIEHC
WMMiOAf
MAtenHE
BMUW ' ' ' ' "
3ENWOCAHB
>EHOIOCA(tl)l>WeM(X
BEHOMY1.
BEKZIAIAHTHIUCENE
3EN2JCHCRI01N6
BENZALCHLORDE
BENZENE
3EHZEHEBUIANOC ACID
BENZENESUFONYl CHLORIDE
3EH2CWE
BENZO(*)PHENANTHAENG
BEHZO(nsT)PENTAPHENE
BENZOIAiPYniNE""
8ENZOQUINONE,P-
BENZOTHICHLORIDE
BHC.AIPKA-
BHC.BETA-
BHC.OELTA-
BHC.QAMMA-(LINDANE)
3IS[2-CHtOBOETHYL)EIHER
3IS(J-EIHYIHEXVI)PHTHALATE
JISIACETATO-OITETRAHVOflOXYTRI-UAD
3IStDIMETH¥LCARB*WOOIIHIOATO3.STCOPPEH
3IS(DIMETHVLTHIOC*RBAMO¥L)5UI.F10E
SROMOFORM
BROMOMETHAHE
3ROMOPHENVL PHENYL ETHER. 4-
3UTYL ALCOHOL, N-
3UTYLATE
CALCIUM CHROMATE
TARBAMODtTHIOIC ACID. OtBUTYL'. SODIUM SALT
JAHBAMOOITHIOIC ACID, OIETHYL-. SODIUM SALT
CARBAWOtHiblC ACID. biPROPYL-. S-IPKENYl METHYL) ESTER
CAHBAWOTHIdC ACID. D1PBOPYL-. S-PROPYL ESTER
IAHBARYL
DAHBEHDA2IM
CARBOFURAN PHENOL
5ARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CARBONIC DIFLUORIDE
CHLORDANE
CHLORNAPHAZINE
-HLOHO^METHYL-PHENOL. 4-
IHLORO-NAPHTHALENE. 2-
CHLOflaatOLUiOJNE'.HYbnOCHLOmiEM-
DKLOROBENZENE
CHLOROJ>^>IATE
SHUy ATHENE. 2-
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DRAFT
F-18
-------
APPENDIX F: CHEMICAL-RCRA WASTE CODE CROSSWALK
TABLE 10: Crosswalk for
U Codes, Non-wastewaters
CA8»
76-07-0
67-64-1
75-05-1
88-86-2
75-38-5
79-06-1
79-10-7
107-13-1
61-82-5
62-53-3
7440-39-2
492-80-1
115-02-6
101-27-t
92781-23-3
2296142-1
17804-35-2
56-55-3
225-51-4
8887-3
71-43-2
305-03-3
68-098
92-87-S
21841-9
18955-0
50-32-1
IOS-SI-4
98-07-7
319-844
319-85-7
319-86-8
58-89-9
~ 'ltl-445
39638-32-9
117-81-7
1335-32-C
137-29-1
97-74-5
75-25-2
74-83-9
101-55-3
71-38-3
2008-41-5
13785-1941
136-30-1
148-18-5
52888-80-9
1929-77-7
83-25-2
10605-21-7
1503-38-8
68-S3S
353-50-4
57-74-9
494-03-1
59-50-7
91-56-7
3165-93-3
108-90-7
510-15-6
110-75-8
&•&?
S
ConiMumtNum
ACETALDEHYOE
ACETONE
ACETONITRILE
ACETOPHENONE
ACETVL CHLORIDE
ACRYLAMIDE
ACRYLIC ACID
ACRYLONITHILE
AMITROLE
ANILINE
ARSENIC
AURAMINEOAF
AZASERINE
BARBAN
BENDIOCARB
SENDKJCARB PHENOL
9ENOMYL
3ENZ(A)ANTHRACENE
3ENZ|C|ACR1D1NE
BENZAL CHLORIDE
BENZENE
BENZEHE8UTANOIC AGIO
BENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE
BENZIDINE
BENZOMJPHENANTHHENE
BENZOIRSTIPENTAPHENE
BENZOIA1PYRENE
BENZOQUINONE. P-
BENZOTRICHLORIDE
BHC. ALPHA-
9HC. BETA-
BHC, DELTA-
BHC.QAMMA-ILINDANE)
3IS(2-CHLOROETHVL)ETHER
3IS(2-CHLOROISOPROPVL) ETHER
3IS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE
3IS(ACETATO-O)TETRAHYDROXYTRI-LEAD
3IS(DIMETHYLCAHBAMODITHIOATOS,S) COPPER
3ISIDIMETHYLTHIOCARBAMOYL) SULFIDE
BROMOFORM
3ROMOMETHANE
BHOMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHEa 4-
BUTYL ALCOHOL, N-
3UTYLATE
CALCIUM CHROMATE
DARBAMODITHIOIC ACID, OIBUTYL-, SODIUM SALT
;ARBAMOOITHIOIO ACID. OIETHVL-. SODIUM SALT
:ARBAMOTHIOIO ACID, OIPHOPYL-^S-IPHENYLMETHYD ESTER
CARBAMOTHiOIC ACID, DIPROPYL-. S-PHOPYL ESTER
DARBARYL
:ARBENDAZIM
CARBOFURAN PHENOL
2ARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CARBONIC OIFLUORIDE
:HLOHDANE
CHLORNAPHAZINE
CHLORO-3-METHYL-PHENOl, 4-
CHLORO-NAPHTHALENE.2-
CHLORO-0-TOLUIDINE, HYDHOCHLOHIDE. 4-
CHLOHQB'XeNE
DHLO*" >^E
y >ieNE,2-
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Plg«tol40
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DRAFT
DRAFT
F-19
-------
-------
APPENDIX G
DATA DICTIONARY
Table Name: BRSDESC
Field Name
DESCRIPT
SCODE
Field Type
Text
Text
Field Size
68
4
Field Format
Description
RCRA Code Description
RCRA Code
Validation
Requirement
—
—
Table Name: CHEMICAL
Field Name
CASNUMBER
NAME
USING
Field Type
Long Integer
Text
Boolean
Field Size
. 4
90
1
Field Format
0000000-00-0
Yes/No
Description
CAS Registry Number
Chemical Name
Flag Indicating Whether the Name is Used as
the WMPT Primary Name for a Chemical
Validation
; Requirement
Valid Numeric
Required
True or False
Table Name: CHEMINFO
Field Name
ACGIHTLV
ACUTE_ENDPT
AerobicSumCode
PRESCRD_MEAS_
ACUTE
PRESCRD_MEAS_
CHRON
Field Type
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Field Size
1
4
2
3
3
Field Format
Description
ACGIH Threshold Limit Values
Measured Acute Endpoint: GMATC, LC50,
orECSO
Aerobic Summary Code
Prescored Measured Acute Value
Prescored Measured Chronic Value
Validation
Requirement
—
—
—
—
—
DRAFT
G-1
-------
APPENDIX G: DATA DICTIONARY
Table Name: CHEIJINFO (Cont)
Field Name
ATSDR
AWQC.ACUTE
AWQC_CHRON
BAF
BCF
BCF_Reference
BIOACCUM
CAAA112
CAAATIT3
CASNUMBER
CHANGED
CHEMICAL
CHRON_ENDPT
CLOAEL
CNOAEL
CORRLIST
CWA311
CWAPP
field Type
Text
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Text
Byte
Text
Text
Long Integer
Boolean
Text Integer
Text
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Text
Text
Text
Field Size
1
4
4
4
4
50
1
1
1
4
1
90
4
4
4
1
1
1
Field Format
0000000-00-0
Yes/No
••'.•' H '
Description » .
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry List (under SARA Section 104(6)(a))
Acute Aquatic Water Quality Criteria, ppm
Chronic Aquatic Water Quality Criteria
(AWQC),ppm '
Bioaccumulation Factor
Bioconcentration Factor
References: EPI=Estimation Program Interface
(predicted); HWff; or ISIS Base
Bioaccumulation Score
Clean Air Act Amendments Section 602 and
Clean Air Act Section 1 12 (r) Chemicals
Clean Air Act Amendments Title in
Hazardous Air Pollutants
CAS Registry Number
Chemical Data Changed Flag
Chemical Name
Measured Chronic Endpoint: GMATC, LC50,
orECSO
Chronic Lowest Observed Adverse Effect
Level (LOAEL), mg/kg/day
Chronic No Observed Adverse Effect Level
(NOAEL), mg/kg/day
Chemicals on Reporting Rules Database
(CORR)
Clean Water Act Section 31 l(b)(2)(A)
Hazardous Substances
Clean Water Act Priority Pollutants
'-;;.:f:.-.ValliWto«, •-••
! Requirement
—
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
—
Valid Numeric
—
—
Valid Numeric
True or False
...
—
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
—
—
—
DRAFT
G-2
-------
APPENDIX G: DATA DICTIONARY
Table Name: CHEMINFO (Cont.)
Field Name
ECOHAZ
GLWQIJL.FAV
GLWQIJLFCV
GLWQIJLSCV
HSATRANK
HUMHAZC
HUMHAZNC
RCRAPCODES
RCRAUCODES
HydrolysisHalflifeAtPH?
LOOP
MEAS ACUTE
MEAS.CHRON
Metals
MTL
NIOSHREL
Field Type
Byte
Double Numeric
Double Numeric
Double Numeric
Byte
Byte
Byte
Text
Text
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Double Numeric
Double Numeric
Text
Text
Text
Field Size
1
8
8
8
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
8
8
3
1
1
Field Format
Scientific
i , B
, Description
Ecological Hazard Score
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Final
Acute Value Tier I (GLWQI FAV), ppm
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Final
Chronic Value Tier I (GLWQI FCV), ppm
Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative
Secondary Chronic Value Tier H (GLWQI
SCV), ppm
Chemical Category Human Health Ranking
Human Hazard Carcinogen Score
Human Hazard Noncarcinogen Score
Hazardous Waste Constituents List - RCRA P
List
Hazardous Waste Constituents List - RCRA U
List
Hydrolysis Half-life at pH7 (days)
Logarithm of the Octanol-Water. Partition
Coefficient
Measured Acute Toxicity Concentration, ppm
Measured Chronic Toxicity Concentration,
ppm
Metal Category: M=Elemental Metal,
MS A=Metal Salt of Alkali or Alkaline Earth
Metals, MSB=Any Other Metal Salt,
MC=Metal Compound, RN=Radionuclide,
MIN=Metal Containing Mineral
Master Testing List Developed by EPA's
OPPT
NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit List
Validation
Requirement
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
—
—
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
—
—
DRAFT
G-3
-------
APPENDIX G: DATA DICTIONARY
Table Name: CHEMINFO (Cont)
Field Name
NONLINBIO
NTS
OSHAPEL
PCLIST
PERSIST
PERSIST_FLAG1
PERSIST_FLAG2
PHSATRANK
PRED ACUTE
PRED_CHRON
QSAS_COC
QSTAR
QSTAR_SOURCE
RCRAK
RCRAVm
Reliability
RFC
RFD
RFD SOURCE
Field Type
Single Numeric
Integer
Text
Boolean
Byte
Boolean
Boolean
Byte
Double Numeric
Double Numeric
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Text
Text
Text
Integer
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Text
Field Size
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
4
4
50
1
1
2
4
4
50
Field Format
•
Yes/No
Yes/No
Description
Estimate of Biodegradation Using the
Non-linear Biodegradation Model
No Toxic Effects Expected in a Saturated
Solution (EPA/ECOSAR)
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit List
List Identifier - Prioritized Chemical List
(PCLIST)
Persistence Score
Persistence Flag 1 (for internal use)
Persistence Flag 2 (for internal use)
Human Health Structure Activity Team (SAT)
Ranking
Predicted Acute Toxicity Concentration, ppm
Predicted Chronic Toxicity Concentration,
ppm
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship
Concentration of Concern (QSAR COC)
Cancer Slope Factor (ql*), mg/kg/day
Cancer Slope Factor (ql*) Source (IRIS or
HEAST)
RCRA Section 3001 Hazardous Wastes,
Appendix IX Ground Water Monitoring List
RCRA Section 3001 Hazardous Wastes,
Appendix VIE Hazardous Constituents
Reliability Code
Reference Concentration (RfC), mg/m3
Reference Dose (RfD), mg/kg/day
Reference Dose Source (IRIS OR HEAST)
Validation
Requirement
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
...
True or False
Valid Numeric
True or False
True or False
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
—
—
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
DRAFT
G-4
-------
APPENDIX G: DATA DICTIONARY
Table Name: CHEMINFO (Cont.)
Field Name;
RQ
RQAQUATTOX
RQPOT
SARA302
SARA313
SATALTCAT
SATCAT
SATSUBCAT
SCLOAEL
SCNOAEL
SDWA
SEDJLFCV
SOURCEWOE
TPQ
TRIREL
TSCARANK
ULTSURV
Field fyi*}
Double Numeric
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Text
Double Numeric
Text
Single Numeric
Integer
Byte
Single Numeric
Field Size
8
4
4
1
1
30
30
30
4
. 4
1
8
10
4
2
1
4
Field Format
Description
Underlying Reportable Quantity (RQ) Values
(WMPT), Ibs
Aquatic Toxicity Reportable Quantity, Ibs
Carcinogen Reportable Quantity (RQ) Potency
Factor, mg/kg/day
Extremely Hazardous Substances Listed
Under SARA Title HI Section 302
TRI Chemicals on Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act Title HI Section 313
(SARA313)
Structure Activity Team (SAT) Alternate
Category
Structure Activity Team (SAT) Category
Structure Activity Team (SAT) Subcategory
Subchronic Lowest Observed Adverse Effect
Level (LOAEL), mg/kg/day
Subchronic No Observed Adverse Effect
Level (NOAEL), mg/kg/day
Safe Drinking Water Act Contaminants
Sediment Quality Final Chronic Value Tier I
(SQ FCV), ppm
Cancer Weight of Evidence Source [IRIS or
IARC]
Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ), Ibs
TRI Releases
TSCA Section 8(e) Ranking
Estimate of Biodegradation Using the
Ultimate Survey Model
Validation
* Requirement
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
—
—
.
—
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
—
Valid Numeric
—
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
DRAFT
G-5
-------
APPENDIX G: DATA DICTIONARY
Table Name: CHEHHNFO (Cont)
Field Name
WEIGHTOFE
WHYBIOACCUM
WHYECOHAZ
WHYHUMHAZC
WHYHUMHAZNC
Field Type
Text
Long Integer
Long Integer
Long Integer
Long Integer
Field Size
1
4
4
4
4
Field Format
Description
Cancer Weight of Evidence (WOE)
Factors Contributing to Bioaccumulation
Score
Factors Contributing to Ecological Hazard
Score
Factors Contributing to Human Hazard
Carcinogen Score
Factors Contributing to Human Hazard
Noncarcinogen Score
Validation
Requirement
A.B.C.D
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Table Name: COMPONENTS
Field Name
APPL
Caption
COMP
Field Type
Integer
Text
Integer
Field Size
2
50
2
Field Format
' i
Description
Application Identifier
Scoring Component Description
Scoring Component ID Number
••• Validation
> Requirement ,
Valid Numeric
...
Valid Numeric
DRAFT
G-6
-------
APPENDIX G: DATA DICTIONARY
Table Name: FENCELINES
Field Name
APPL
CAPTION
CHANGED
COMP
DIST
FENCE
FIELDNAME
HIGHCONST
HIGHDIST
HIGHHIGHV
HIGHOP
LOWCONST
LOWDIST
LOWHIGHV
LOWOP
METHOD
PRESCORED
QUALITY
TABLE
Field Type
Integer
Text
Boolean
Integer
Text
Long Integer
Text
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Integer
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Single Numeric
Integer
Integer
Boolean
Integer
Text
Field Size
2
51
1
2
5
4
20
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
2
2
1
2 j
8
Field Format
Yes/No
Yes/No
Description
Application Identifier
Data Element Description
Flag Indicating Fenceline Changes by User
Component ID Number
Distribution of the Data to Calculate
Fencelines
Scoring
Field Name of the Data Element
High Fenceline for Constant Option
High Fenceline for Distribution Option
High Fenceline for Range Option
High Fenceline Operator ID Number:
0: < I: & 2: >
3: ;> 4: = 5: <>
Low Fenceline for Constant Option
Low Fenceline for Distribution Option
Low Fenceline for Range Option
Low Fenceline Operator ID Number:
0: < 1: <; 2: >
3: * 4: = 5: O
Fenceline Calculation Method ID Number:
0: Constant 1: Range 2:
Distribution
Flag Indicating a Prescored Fenceline
Data Quality Ranking Number
Table Containing the Data Element
1 - 'Validation
Requirement
Valid Numeric
—
True or False
Valid Numeric
~~~
Valid Numeric
—
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
True or False
Valid Numeric 1 to 15
—
DRAFT
G-7
-------
APPENDIX G: DATA DICTIONARY
Table Name: GROUPS
Field Name
FIELDNAME
DESCRIPTION
NAME
Field Type
Text
Memo
Text
Field Size
8
0
30
Field Format
Description
Chemical List Identifier
Description of the Chemical List
Chemical List Name
Validation
Requirement
Required
.»•.
Required
Table Name: MASS
Field Name
CASNUMBER
EPAID
FACILITY
MASS
REGION
SCORE
SICCODE
STATE
WASTESTREAM
Field Type
Long Integer
Text
Memo
Long Integer
Byte
Single Numeric
Integer
Text
Byte
Field Size
4
12
0
4
1
4
2
2
1
Field Format
000-00-0
Fixed
Description
CAS Registry Number
Facility ID
Facility Name
Mass
Region
Score
SIC Code
State
Stream ID
Validation
Requirement
Valid Numeric
...
...
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
.._
Valid Numeric-
DRAFT
G-8
-------
APPENDIX G: DATA DICTIONARY
Table Name: MASTERLIST
Field Name
CASNUMBER
ECOEXP
ECOHAZ2
ECOSUB
EPAINT
HUMEXP
HUMHAZ
HUMSUB
SCORE
Field Type
Long Integer
Byte
Byte
Byte
Byte
Byte
Byte
Byte
Byte
Field Size
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Field Format
0000000-00-0
.Description ,
CAS Registry Number
Ecological Exposure Score
Ecological Hazard Score
Ecological Risk Potential Score
EPA Interest Rating
Human Exposure Score
Human Hazard Score
Human Risk Potential Score
Overall Chemical Score
Validation
, ' Requirement
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Valid Numeric
Table Name: RCRA NWW
Field Name
ASSOCIATION
CASNUMBER
RCRA CODE
Field Type
Text
Long Integer
Text
Field Size
5
4
4
Field Format
Description.
Source of Data:
D = CFR Definition of RCRA Code,
H = HWIR Database,
L = Land Disposal Restrictions.
CAS Registry Number
RCRA Code Associated with the Chemical
Validation
Requirement
Valid Numeric
—
DRAFT
G-9
-------
APPENDIX G: DATA DICTIONARY
Table Name; RCRAJVW
Field Name
ASSOCIATION
CASNUMBER
RCRA_CODE
FMdType
Text
Long Integer
Text
Field Size
5
4
4
Field Format
Description
Source of Data:
D = CFR Definition of RCRA Code,
H = HWIR Database,
L = Land Disposal Restrictions.
CAS Registry Number
RCRA Code Associated with the Chemical
; Validation
i Requkement
Valid Numeric
—
Table Name: STATES
Field Name
PIPS
HighZIP
LowZIP
REGION
STATE
STATENAME
Field Tilte:
Text
Text
Text
Byte
Text
Text
Field Size
2
5
5
1
2
20
Field Format
Description ' ,'
FIPS State Code (2 digit)
Upper bound of ZIP code range
Lower bound of ZIP code range
EPA Region (Arabic numeral)
State Abbreviation (2 character)
State Name
, Validation
1 Requirement
... •
...
—
Valid Numeric
—
—
DRAFT
G-10
------- |