United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5305W)
EPA530-R-99-003
May 1999
www.epa.gov/osw
v>EPA User's Guide for the
Industrial Waste
Management Evaluation
Model (IWEM):
Tier 1 Look-up Tables and
Tier 2 Neural Networks for
Ground-water Model
DRAFT
Printed on paper that contains at least 30 percent postconsumer fiber
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
DISCLAIMER
This model is in draft form and is not intended to be used in current waste management
decision-making. All aspects of the model are undergoing peer review and public comment
including:
J :.
1) the appropriateness of the Tier 2 model for a loca^ft|idjusted analysis;
2) input values for sensitive parameters and liner s^Sluios; and *
3) capabilities and user-friendliness of the model Mftware.
We strongly encourage users to review the "Assessing Rl
Ground Water") in the Guidance for a description of the
and some critical issues that affect modeling results. *'
kin of Chapter 7 ("Protecting
of key parameters
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DRAFT
User's Guide
for the
Industrial Waste Management
Evaluation Model (IWEM):
Tier 1 Look-up Tables
and
Tier 2 Neural Networks
Published By
Office of Solid Waste (5305W)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street SW
Washington, DC 20460
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0
3.0
4.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Objectives ^ .^$. ^.J|p 2
Brief Overview of the Software &/**•
f$r J^
Limitations of Ground-Water Modeling . />,...
Application of Results to the Tiered Evaluation
<^ N £/'
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS I'
2.1 Minimum Installation Requirements ':• A #. *
2.2 Recommended Installation Requirements^.*. .TrT^. .'\. 8
2.3 Installation on a LAN or Other Network^." >...,. .TK 8
8
8
IWEM SOFTWARE INSTALLATION^.^ J:..% ?JV- 9
s&Ss&sS ./-SvX x *.
BASIS
4.1
4.2
FOR THE LINER RECOMpENDATjONS .,. .^ J 10
EPACMTP Modeling. jff. \ !.s. jrl 10
Toxicity Reference ^.'..". 11
itjpvel (MCL) 11
JN) .,. J 11
^v *y
Software 12
shold Value (LCTV) 12
(TC Rule) Regulatory Levels 12
13
c Daughter Products 14
14
15
"" t^^^^'^"' ~
4.4.3 Application of Tier 1 Results to the Design of a
Waste Management Unit (WMU) 16
LocationJIdjusted Evaluation (Tier 2) 17
4.5.1^?ier2Input 18
Tier 2 Output 23
Iff3 Application of Tier 2 Results to the Design of a
aste Management Unit (WMU) 23
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
xk
Page
5.0 RUNNING THE IWEM SOFTWARE 25
How do I start the IWEM software? ^ .... 25
What are the features of the IWEM softwari
National Evaluation (Tier 1)
5.3.1 Tier 1 Input Screen .
5.3.1.1 Tab 1: Waste Managemei
5.3.1.2 Tab 2: Chemical List
5.3.1.3 Tab 3: Leachate Concentra!
Tier 1 Summary Results Screen 35
Tier 1 Detailed Results Screen . fff... 36
Tier 1 Evaluation Summary^^^..... 38
Location-Adjusted Evaluation 41
5.4.1 . .J$*. 42
5.4.1.1 Tab 1: ,.. 42
ion Parajheters 43
' tt*£* f"i f\n -<^F «**& A A
.\,La,\^.\jL]^^^ •••••• • */. •••••••••••••••••••••••»•• i I
>pertij^ 51
ToxiciMMifelgaiee Levels (TRLs) 52
54
Results 56
suits for Location-Based Estimate of Infiltration .... 57
ts for User-Specified Infiltration Rate 59
luminary 60
5.4
5.4.1.2 Tab 2:
5.4.1.3 Tab 3
5.4.1.4 Tab d£
5.4.1.5
5.4. IjS
5"
TierlTS:
^ ^r
63
^ 1 fcstaUatiofpl T. 63
r6.2 Runnuig the Software 63
SUPPORTIgg INFORMATION 64
istification/Documentation of Location-Adjusted Input Values 64
Guide for Industrial Waste Management 64
REFERENCES
65
Appendix A: List of Waste Constituents and Default Values A-l
Appendix B: Sample Reports from Tier 1 and Tier 2 B-1
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Table 1.1
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
LIST OF TABLES
Tier 1 LCTVs
Toxicity Characteristic Regulatory Levels^
~m
Ranges and Defaults for Inputs in a Tier
Ranges and Defaults for Inputs in a Tier 2 Evaluation .. 21
Ranges and Defaults for Inputs in a 22
Ranges and Defaults for Inputs Evaluation .. 22
ni
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13.1999
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The EPA has developed the Guide for Industrial Waste Management to facilitate evaluation of
waste management units (WMU) that handle industrial solid waste. This yoluntaryjtiidance is
designed to provide: 1) a compendium of information about developin;
management system (including siting, facility design, operatiojL monit
tools to help you tailor management practices to a specific Thl
this Users' Guide, called the Industrial Waste Managemen^paluation
such tool that was developed to support the guidance. ThU
Management is being distributed by the EPA on CD am
included on the CD and is also available on 3.5" floppy
closure), and 2)
scribed in
lidefo
design by evaluating
toxicity and
;, this software
items with the
I the minimum
The IWEM software assists you in determining the
one or more types of liners, the hydrogeologic condition!^of thel
expected leachate concentrations of the anticipated
helps you compare the ground-water protection^a^^^uious 11
anticipated waste leachate concentrations, sojpfy
recommended liner system is that will be groundwater resources
(or in the case of land application units, d|ferminej!hether^^pahd application is
recommended). However, users sh^Jiip note tbafthis sojlpare and guidance is in draft
form and is not intended to be usA^cnrreff waste mJiagement decision-making.
The anticipated users
units, statejelplators, inte
Managers
accept a parti
managers of proposed or existing
munity groups. For example:
it could use the software to determine what type of liner
riate^ffipgpfeicular type of waste that is expected at the WMU and
'geoMgSfaracteristics of the site.
unit could use the software to determine whether or not to
;te at that WMU by evaluating the performance of the existing
Mors may wish to use the software in developing permit conditions for a
Irested members of the public or community groups may wish to use the
software to evaluate a particular WMU and participate during the permitting process.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
The guidance for the groundwater pathway uses a tiered approach that is based on modeling the
fate and transport of waste constituents through subsurface soils to a ground-water monitoring
well to produce a liner recommendation (or a recommendation concerning land application) that
protects human health and the environment. The successive tiers in the analysis inc|iporate
more site-specific data to tailor protective management practices to the pgfeiculaf||ircumstances
at the modeled site:
• Tierl: a conservative analysis based upon n
• Tier 2: a location-adjusted analysis using a
and site-specific data
• Tier 3: a comprehensive and detailed site as
The IWEM software is designed to support the Tier 1
the IWEM software is that it allows the user to perform
data requirements and instantaneously obtain liner
analysis are directed to the Guide for I
1999a) for information regarding the selectio
model to use hi Tier 3.
1.1 Objectives
The objective of this Users'
Tier 2 anal
The unique aspect of
;alyses with minimal
^Interested hi a Tier 3
ce) (U. S. EPA,
ground-water fate and transport
•ormation necessary to perform Tier 1 and
software:
dment
Application Unit (which is also called a Land Treatment Unit)
This Users' Guide is orgamzM;as follows:
fH iff y
Section 1 (thjfsection) provides an introduction to the Guidance and the IWEM
summarizes the computer system requirement for the IWEM software.
Section 3 provides instructions for installing the IWEM software.
Section 4 presents background information necessary to understand the how the Tier
1 and Tier 2 recommendations are developed and also describes the Tier 1 and Tier 2
evaluations, including model input and output.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Section 5 provides detailed instructions on how to run the IWEM software, guiding
you step-by-step through a Tier 1 and a Tier 2 evaluation.
Section 6 provides troubleshooting information for some commonly encountered
problems.
Section 7 provides some additional supporting information aMIMIng the IWEM
software in the context of EPA's guidance.
Section 8 lists all references cited.
'or the
t &A\
PiS
*g£.-K**'32?B
> s~i -iii:T?W<:8i1:?fes!> ..-1 ,.
} Guza||gn--ssereen while the
Appendix A presents the list of waste constituents
constituent-specific inputs (decay coefficient ^and
Appendix B presents the Tier 1 and Tier 2 repo
—*•
presented in this document.
If you have a copy of the CD, you can open and
IWEM software is running on your computer,
out a copy of the Users' Guide and refer to thlf hard c6py;iwhllS?you,.a|e" learning to use the
CJ -sk*?' SSf ^-^*fe"Afe4«*i£tr
IWEM software.
1.2 Brief Overview of the Softjyj
M
The IWEM software was deve.lorjpd on a M|
you wjind it easier to print
in Windowsj£k, Window
evaluationiill
For both
constituents of
'indows
jndows™-based platform that can be run
ldililiudes tools for the Tier 1 and Tier 2
are requupipiMiput waste-specific information consisting of the waste
the co^e^Mlding expected leachate concentration for each. These
** v ^^^^^x
determined by|me Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) or
another amfopriate analyticai'm^hod (see the Characterizing Waste Chapter of the Guidance
for furtli0r discussion). The TjejpTuser can choose from a list of 174 organic waste constituents
and J|J|metal species to evaluate the specific waste constituents that are associated with a given
industrial waste. The list of constituents is provided in Appendix A. The Tier 2 user can
^;&K»£s2 ^j-* *• ••• *•
. an evaluation Jar any of the waste constituents that are included hi Tier 1, but the Tier 2
J|Q has the optipfto include in the evaluation a waste constituent which is not on this list,
-specific data are available (see Section 5.4.1.5).
The gtfilince concerning the ground-water pathway is based on calculation of the maximum
allowable leachate concentrations that are considered to be protective of ground water down
gradient of the WMU (i.e. beneath the WMU in the direction of ground-water flow). This
maximum allowable leachate concentration is called the leachate concentration threshold value
(LCTV). The LCTV for a given waste constituent is based on: 1) the effect of transport
processes on its concentration in ground-water, and 2) the toxicity of the waste constituent.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
The IWEM software Tier 1 evaluation (also known as the National Evaluation) allows you to
construct an LCTV table that is specific to a particular waste. This LCTV table identifies for
each waste constituent the maximum allowable leachate concentration for a given type of WMU
with a specific liner-type and the liner recommendation can then be viewed on the computer
screen and printed out hi hard-copy. The assumptions that were used to dj|jelopj|)ie Tier 1
LCTVs are described in detail in the Technical Background Document Krtke Development of
J&Hii^ ^^^^i^5^®^,^^K
a Two-Tiered Approach for Evaluating WMU Liner Desigtt^jf-echn^^^^^jimund
Document) (US EPA, 1999b). The Tier 1 LCTVs were developed for the Mowing types of
WMUs and liner designs:
Table 1.1 Tier 1 LCTVs
s ^ ft
v " Liner Type
WMU Type
No Liner (in-situ soil)
Single Clay Liner
Composite Liner
Landfill
Surface
Impoundment
Waste Pile
Land Application
Unit
N/A
N/A
Only the no-liner scenario is evaluated for Land Application Units because liners are not
typically used at this type of facility.
% t' ,,* f'i '
r ' * ti\
For a Tier 1 analysis, the IWEM software compares the expected leachate concentration for each
waste constituent with the thresholds (LCTVs) calculated by a groundwater fate and transport
model (using nation-wide ^atia) for three standard liner types. The IWEM software compiles the
results for all constituents expected in the leachate and then reports the minimum liner scenario
that is protective for all constituents.
For Tier 2, you enter the expected leachate concentrations, as well as important WMU-specific
characteristics such as:
"•
"Area of the WMU,
Depth to groundwater, and
Aquifer thickness.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
For a Tier 2 analysis, you can evaluate the adequacy of the in-situ soil and single liners simply by
entering the geographic location of the WMU. In this case, the IWEM software reports the
minimum liner scenario that is protective for all constituents. If you wish to evaluate a different
liner configuration, enter the measured or calculated infiltration rate for that liner, aj^the IWEM
software provides a recommendation on the adequacy of the given liner de^ign^lr'
Sfclocaaon-
.mthijjpgJg^lLCTV..
This reduction in uncertainty is based on the fact that thejfier 2 LC^I^take m^^cpmt
specific values for a number of sensitive model inputs, whejreas TieM LCTVs arelolisefEli
. , , ,,. . „ ., fii!s%-.., Jt?v . ^ 1-I^Wi^'"
national data. In addition to allowing you to tailor manag|fflip|!|p'actices to a particulayiwaste
and environmental setting, the IWEM software also prav^^^^^k^ and user-friendly way to
perform these evaluations without requiring that you hayegn^|por experience with groundwater
modeling. ^ ' * A
, ^^
«»s?«ip% <<
*' ^^fl^fe^ -^ ^ ^ A *£\ f
The IWEM software supports file saving and retrieyalfsolhat evaluations can be archived or
' ' j^ ^^^J^ir*%?^^- !'$&ap*
retrieved later and modified. The software also has r^EaiSiitiferation capabilities to document in
hard-copy the input values and resulting liner
1.3 Limitations of Ground-Water Modeling
The tiered approach developed to evaluate WMU designs uses the latest available peer-reviewed
ground-water modeling methodology incorporating sophisticated probabilistic techniques to
account for th^ uncertainty. However, given the complex nature of the evaluations, a number of
limitations and caveats must be delineated. These limitations are described in this section.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
a down-gradient ground-water well.
The EPACMTP code is capable of simulating the fate and transport of dissolved constituents
from the point of release at the base of a WMU, through the unsaturated zone and uaifjerlying
ground water, to a down-gradient monitoring well. The model accounts for the mlfbr
£$x&gjj$i!f .$$$0$'
mechanisms affecting contaminant migration including: transport by adj^ffiMland dispersion,
retardation due to reversible linear or non-linear equilibrium a^orptioflfSliffih%soil and aquifer
-1 A*-1*3^* * 4»itf&&«fi&i&iih. * 2
materials, and bio-chemical degradation processes.
As is true of any model, EPACMTP is based on a number of simplifying assump^^slwji^i
make the model easier to use and ensure the computational efficiency of the modeBSfeese^
"¥£*£ -& *v «w.v^-
assumptions may make the use of the model inappropriate in certain.circumstances. Therefore,
before using this software, verify that the following assumptions arefltppropriate for the site you
are evaluating in the IWEM software (See Section 3.3.1 of the Technijfll Background
Document and U.S. EPA, 1999b for more information.): ^-m^MM^.
. 4 "A *x
1) The soil and aquifer are uniform porous media. The model doesjnbt account for the
presence of preferential pathways such as fractures" and'macro-pdres.
* * 4JJ vt B,. r
A* fr
^,\V .
s.
2) Flow in the unsaturated zone is|m|he vertical direction, whereas flow in the saturated zone
is dominated by regional flow in file-horizontal direction. The flow rates cannot vary over
J^tfyfa&f-fi'* $&&*¥ j$SJ£T
time, as might occur in reality iftan engineered liner were to fail. The aquifer is unconfined,
has a constant thickness,jnd has an impermeable fewer boundary.
transient com
Sfi-i^Ky^ J
ineliidmg the effects of linear and non-linear adsorption.
4) Thetdjssolved phase.i| the only mobile phase and does not account for the presence of a
non-aqueous phase Il^pS pF^PL). The model does not account for volatilization in the
.., i
unsaturated zone or gas phase contaminant transport.
EPACMTP rripdel accounts for attenuation processes, including dilution, dispersion,
||adsorption, chemical hydrolysis, and biodegradation. Chemical and biological transformation
y^piroc'esses are^elaliaated using a first-order decay coefficient. For the simulation of metals,
!'^EPAC^rpjutlBzes one of two types of sorption isotherms — generally, isotherms for metals
wMchliehave as cations hi ground water were generated by the MINTEQA2 geochemical
model and isotherms for metals which behave as anions are pH-dependent. For more
information about EPACMTP modeling of the transport of metals, see U.S. EPA (1996c).
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM April 13,1999
1.4 Application of Results to the Tiered Evaluation
The tiered approach described in this document is designed to be used as guidance for the
selection of an appropriate WMU design or selection of a site for land appUcation^|piven the
number of input parameters involved and the uncertainty of hydrogeolog^giar^eristics of a
specific site, you, the IWEM software user, and decision matere who the results of
a tiered analysis need to ensure that there is sufficiently docjpnted justification
of site parameter values and any potential uncertainty or dawgaps ma^^ ^
justification is especially necessary with respect to highlypensitive modeling i
infiltration rate, WMU area, sorption and hydrolysis thejfetance to tfil ^^^
well. Additional information about the uncertainty involf|®|||e modeling and tierldjapproach
is provided in the Technical Background Document (UJ
The tiered approach presented in this document was developed by|
regulatory agencies, representatives from rndustries^j|pd||ther s "
this guidance as a tool for states' regulatory aaencilslferiiol^ill have
regarding appropriateness of WMU designs.
Insconsultation with state
iPA has provided
_ Mthority on decisions
w
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
2.0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
April 13, 1999
This section summarizes the minimum and recommended installation and operating
requirements.
2.1 Minimum Installation Requirements
The minimum system requirements for installing and nm
PC: 486 CPU
• Operating System: Microsoft Windows™ 3.
System Memory: 16 Mb RAM
• Disk Storage Space: 6 Mb hard-disk space
Other: CD-ROM
fC ,. _ . /w-siSis
Ir you use this software m conjunction withJth&Wil^ operating system, you may
run into occasional problems (unexplained : crashelf el which wfhavent been able
.«« j i i • /• ^"•""•'/ .?x?-$ '^ ^J^ * **% ffl
to isolate and solve during our software testing. |jf you plan to use this software with
the Win 3.x operating system, we repbmmendi&at you confacTus for a specially
compiled version which we bepey'ejvill perform better With Win 3.1 than the standard
version of software. ! j--"' '"""
The recommende^sy^teni requkements for installing and running this software are as follows
MHZ
Operating Systern: Microsoft Windows™ 95
System Memory: ":': '•'• ••'";32:+Mb RAM
Disk Storage Space: 6 Mb hard-disk space
Other: CD-ROM
23 Installation on a LAN or Other Network
~ ' ...... =** -'"'-'-'
*;
, , -,-
If you arc installing this software on a PC that is connected to a Local Area Network (LAN), you
should consult your LAN Administrator regarding requirements for installing software on a
networked PC. See also Section 6.1.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM April 13,1999
3.0 IWEM SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
Prior to using the IWEM software for the first time, the program must be installed on your hard-
drive from the CD entitled, Guide for Industrial Waste Management. To install ti||fprogram,
click on the "Install Ground-water Tool" icon from the main menu of thej^EM^)ftware and
perform the following steps:
Click on the setup icon. y
On the Welcome Screen, click OK. ^ -^_^^-™-
Select the destination directory on the hard-drive^where theJWEM ground^0|^Fis
to be installed (recommended: C:\Program FilesXE^VEM)/' ^li83^
When the installation is complete, click on the OKBttttojn to exit the installation process.
*&< A^sv .A ~'X
For Microsoft Windows™ 3.x users, the program can be started by d|ublj|clickmg on the IWEM
software group, and then double-clicking on the IndWaste.exe file.
If installed on the C-drive as recommended, Mjerosoli Windows™ 95juSers can start the
program by selecting "Programs" from thejlart menu! (orithe Windows™ tool bar at the base of
your screen). Then select the IWEM soft/pare grougfand click on the IndWaste program.
For installation on a PC connected t^ilEAN prMher network, see Section 6.1.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users* Guide for IWEM
4.0 BASIS FOR THE LINER RECOMMENDATIONS
April 13,1999
This section of the Users' Guide describes the technical basis on which the recommendations for
WMU liner are based. In general, to determine the recommended liner design, yougthtered
leachate concentrations are compared to maximum allowable leachate cqn|entrati|lns that are
calculated by the software. These maximum leachate concentrations
Concentration Threshold Values (LCTVs).
Section 4.1 provides a summary of the groundwater modeling perfornii&d to i
each WMU scenario. Section 4.2 describes two types of toxicity refeTence leveis;(JijiCLgigHatare
used to develop LCTVs for each waste constituent. Section 4.3 discusses other considj|fltions
used to develop LCTVs. Sections 4.4 and 4 5 summarize thejtechmcal basis, required inputs, and
application of results for Tier 1 and Tier 2, respectively.
4.1 EPACMTP Modeling
The Tier 1 and Tier 2 evaluations are both based on results ofEPA's Composite Model for
Leachate Migration with Transformation Eroducts (EPACMTP), a probabilistic ground-water
fate and transport model. This type of modeling is called probabilistic because the value of many
of the input parameters are representeH as a probability distribution (rather than as a single value
for each input). In this case, probabilistic modeling is used to reflect the range of variation that
may be encountered at waste sites across the country and the uncertainty that may be associated
with the values of these parameters.
For the ground-water pathway; waste constituents in leachate emanating from the base of a
WMU travel through the subsurface soils to the groundwater table, and then travel with ground
water to an eventual jdown^gradient well. The effect of this transport from the base of the WMU
(leachate concentration^ Jhejjrell (groundwater concentration) is a decrease in concentration
which is caused by dilutiOT^|todMenuation. The degree of dilution and attenuation is expressed
in terms'of a dilution-attenuation factor (DAF). For this guidance, the DAF is determined by
performing ground-water modeling with the EPACMTP model. The value of the DAF for a
given constituent depends on both the geochemical characteristics of the waste constituent being
modeled and the hydrogeologic setting being considered. That is, the fate and transport of waste
constituents in the^subsurface is affected by both chemical-specific data and hydrogeological
da"ta7" '""""'" .'" ••"''
'fc ,*..;•• ••'•-.;•:• -,.*'''
More information about the EPACMTP modeling methodology used for this guidance can be
found in the Technical Background Document (U.S. EPA, 1999b). Additional information
about the EPACMTP model and the regional, site-based methodology are available in a number
of technical background documents (U.S. EPA, 1997,1996a, 1996b, and 1996c).
10
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Once the DAF value has been determined via modeling, the LCTV for a waste constituent
generally can be calculated as follows:
where:
LCTV =
DAF =
TKL =
LCTV = DAF xTRL
•**
"- 1\
x A#
Leachate Concentration Threshold Value
Dilution/Attenuation Factor .., *
t*r 1
Toxicity Reference Level / v
(e.g.MCLorHBN) 'v^ /
4.2 Toxicity Reference Levels (TRLs) ^ ,
^ *{*"
Two Toxicity Reference Level (TRLs) are included in theTWEM software — Maximum
Contaminant Levels (MCLs) are available forborne waste constituents, whereas Health-Based
Numbers (HBNs) are available for all waste constituents. Each type of TRL is described briefly
below.
4.2.1 Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)
For a number of constituents, the^EP A has set Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) as part of
the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. The MCL is the maximum permissible level
of a contaminant in water which is delivered to any user of a public water system. For each
contaminant to be regulated, EPA'first sets a Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) at a
level that protects against health risks. EPA then sets each contaminant's MCL as close to it's
MCLG as is feasible, taking costs and~available analytical and treatment technologies into
consideration. For the IWEM software, the MCL values were obtained from Drinking Water
Regulations and Health Advisories (U.S. EPA, 1996d).
4.2.2 Health-Based Dumber (HBN)
All constituents included in the IWEM software have a Health-Based Number (HBN), which in
this case is the maximum exposure concentration of a contaminant in drinking water which will
nof cause adverse health effects. Only health effects and assumptions about exposure are
considered in the determination of the HBN, in contrast to the MCL which includes
consideration of additional factors, such as the cost of treatment. The HBNs used in the IWEM
software were developed in support of the 1995 proposed Hazardous Waste Identification Rule
(HWIR) (U.S. EPA, 1995a and 1995b). The calculation of the HBN includes the assumptions
that an adult weighs 70 kg and drinks 2 L of water per day (U.S. EPA, 1995b). The target risk
11
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
used to calculate the HBN for carcinogens is 10"6 (unitless). The target hazard quotient used to
calculate the HBN for non-carcinogens is 1.0 (unitless).
4.2.3 Selection of TRL within the IWEM Software
Within Tier 1, both types of TRLs (MCLs and HBNs) are usedjo calcuj^gelfier 1 LCTVs.
When you view the results of a Tier 1 evaluation on-screen?^i^EWEMiii^i^p|;first presents the
LCTV values which were calculated using MCLs (for thoseli^nstituentsSiafft^an MCL).
£ 11 t- IT /-irmr i . • . HlF -4*!9& i^iJffljS^i*% ' '
following tabs present the LCTV values which are based^ HBNs. Efependm^upon the waste
constituents being evaluated and the appropriate TRL fofilch, youpiay have to%reatefor
yourself a final list of LCTV values and minimum liner i@gj^^|^ations, some b"asedjon MCLs
«._J -«.—^T_ —-_J TTT1XT- XT' _1 t _t _!_..• 1- .• ei:f&
and some based on HBNs. You should obtain direction frcjj
regarding which TRL should be used for the Tier 1 evaluation-
te regulatory authority
icular waste.
Within Tier 2, you can select which type of TRL (eitherMCL or HBN} abused to calculate the
J "• *• ..is^sajKSsS*^. '«(i^^g^gfej;,i,,» •""
LCTV for each waste constituent being evaluat^d^gdlliQlially, you cai^paiculate the LCTV
with any TRL that you choose. For instance^|p^l^^lgfflatory authority may want you to use
an HBN that is calculated using a different farget riskleve|o£a(Sffereiit assumption regarding
the weight of an adult. In this case, within the Tier^anpufsareenC you would choose the option
for a user-specified TRL and type in tile appropri|te value. JMore complete instructions
regarding the selection of the TRL and enterin^|ruser-specped TRL is provided in Section
5.4.1.6 of this Users' Guide.) Thesis no nee|||o createjpBtside of the IWEM software a final
list of Tier 2 LCTVs and line^r^c^^nmenda^^l^^^ be required for Tier 1 evaluation). The
list of LCTVs for the waste^beinj;•waluated|il:|i||^2 contains only one LCTV for each waste
constituent, and the overall liner recommendation is based on the appropriate TRL for each waste
i' * '*'i'\ii''i!ci!!i':!'iiii,,i/iii'!l'iiP:'¥l1iH!i:'ii|'i|iv ff f
constituent.
4.3 Limits oh the Leachate Concentration Threshold Value (LCTV)
"" ''l!
While ^ the majority of Leachate jConcentration Threshold Values (LCTVs) are based on TRL x
DAF, other factors were considered in developing LCTVs for some waste constituents. These
H|ll|fi"l'!'ii|lii" p !IIJ|l|h|ttE •*• ^^
areMdescribed in this section.
"' """ "'
4.3.1 Toxicity Characteristic Rule (TC Rule) Regulatory Levels
i »
For any waste constituent covered by the TC rule, the LCTV is capped at the TC Rule Regulatory
Level. This level, also called the TC Rule Exit Level, is the leachate concentration above which
the waste is considered to be characteristic hazardous waste (U.S. EPA, 1990). TC levels have
been determined for the constituents listed in Table 4.1:
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
Table 4.1 Toxicity Characteristic Regulatory Levels
April 13.1999
Waste Constituent
Arsenic
Barium
Benzene '
Cadmium
Carbon Tetrachloride
Cblordane
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
Chromium
o-cresol
m-cresol
p-cresol
2,4-D
1 ,4-dichlorobenzene
1,2-dichloroe thane
1 , 1 -dichloroethylene
2,4-dinitrotoluene ,
endrin 4§S'
heptachlor ,Jf''
hexachlorobenze
hexachloro-l,3-butadiene :?;l|gpf'
hexachloroethane
lead ,
lindane If
.mercury
fr^oxycMd01ilsiiliik
Snetfiyl ethyl ketonlttir"^
P^teene ^ x
peniachlbrophenol N > >
silver ^fSfllltJliii^
tetracMoroelfiylSillililr
toxaphene
trichloroethyjerte "T
2>4,5-trichl6r|rphenol
2,4,6-trichlOrophenol
2,4,5-T^lfcid (silvex)
vinvPchloride
Chronic Toxicity
Reference Level
(ms/L)
0.05
1 A
0.005 jm
0.01
0.005 nf
0.0003 w<"
1 * „
0.06 - "•<
0.05 Y'
2 r
2 ? <
2
0.1
"0075 t v
0005-, s s->
0,007 ^
:i0.0005 .ferf s*\
0.0002 Jf
0.000081^ *
O.OQQ2f
0,Q05r ^
K03" ,-r
0.05' /»
.,0»04 -\v «i--
0.002- , '
0.1-
2
0.02
1
0.04
0.01
0.05
0.007
0.005
0.005
4
0.02
0.01
0.002
Leachate
Regulatory Level
(mg/L)
5 -m rfl
-. 100 3 f £ f
|0,5 ^ // "s
1 -* v f -**•
0.5 X "^ ^"r
003 <• * ^
100
6
5
200 ,\
^00 ^^
200
10 " , Ss,
75 , *T
05 5
07
*0.13 ?
0.02
0.008
0.13
0.5
3
5
0.4
0.2
10
200
2
100
5
1
5
0.7
0.5
0.5
400
2
1
0.2
4.3.2
EPA does not expect leachate concentrations from units covered by this guidance to exceed
1,000 mg/L for a single constituent and, therefore, has limited the expected waste constituent
leachate concentrations to be less than or equal to 1,000 mg/L.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Consequently, all Tier 1 and Tier 2 LCTVs have been capped at a maximum value of 1,000
mg/L.
However, EPA invites comment on the use of the 1,000 mg/L cap and whether it accommodates
all realistic waste management scenarios and other regulatory requiremer
43.3 Constituents with Toxic Daughter Products
For waste constituents with hydrolysis daughter product^raiemic^^that result"
breakdown of a constituent by hydrolysis) that are include&lnSthe-list of waste consfiSifeliti for
•^feft&S^yaS'-^iJ'iiilN, ' ^t'"^'
this guidance, the LCTV of the parent constituent has beefrppj|||pat the LCTV of the toxic
daughter product. That is, if the LCTV of the parent cons^Menf;|||tQ%er than that of the
daughter, the LCTV of the parent remains unchanged. floweverli^p^^TV of the parent
constituent is higher than that of the daughter, the Lj^T^of the pareji:j^H|nged to the LCTV of
the daughter. Additionally, if the daughter const^ent:fr^1|n MCL bM^/pateat constituent
. - __ _ ,
does not, the MCL of the daughter product w^^sed inlci^uiating the^p'atent constituent LCTV.
... , f -I 1 .,. ** . -'f^W ^.^^^;^^^^^j^.i ..£$&
This methodology is designed to be protective of down^gr^S^gwsuthd water in terms of both
the parent waste constituent and its toxic daught
^ * 1 °
In Tier 1, this process of capping the LCTV of parent constituents at the LCTV of their
respective daughters is transparent to the userl; fThe capping of LCTVs is done automatically by
the software, and the Tier 1 user does not need to knqw which constituents hydrolyze to produce
toxic daughter constituents! '^en performing; a Tier1 analysis, enter the expected leachate
concentrations of the waste £ons|i|jents in the waste being evaluated (no daughter products), and
the resulting LCTVs will take into account the production of toxic daughter products, if
necessary.
. „
Li a Tier 2 analysis, if you add :a constituent which hydrolyzes to produce a toxic daughter
constituent, you will see'-the daughter product automatically added in the bottom section of the
chemical properties tab. TCie Concentration of the daughter product is controlled by that of the
parent constituent and cagnotSe edited. The KQC and first-order decay coefficient of both the
parent and daughter can be edited, if site-specific data are available. The LCTVs of all waste
constituents and any toxic daughter constituents produced by hydrolysis are shown in the Tier 2
!»" «,:!jk .*•*>• 6 ^ J } *
report.
4.1 ":t" National Evaluation (Tier 1)
For a given waste constituent, the degree of ground-water protection that a liner provides is
characterized by the magnitude of the LCTV for that liner scenario. For instance, a single clay
liner is (generally) more protective of groundwater than having no engineered liner at all.
Looking at the Tier 1 LCTV tables confirms this — for a given WMU and waste constituent, the
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
single-liner LCTV is always equal to or higher than the no-liner LCTV. The added protection of
a single liner means that a waste with a higher leachate concentration can be safely disposed at
the WMU with a single liner, whereas if the same waste was disposed at a WMU with no liner,
the down gradient ground water might not be protected.
**•' *&v'
£ Iff -!£?• ^^Syr
By comparing the estimated waste constituent leachate concentrations (based on results of the
TCLP or another analytical procedure) to the calculated LCTVYin the appropriate Look-Up ^
Table, you can determine which type of liner is recommended (or whether land application of ^
this waste is appropriate) to protect ground water. For example, if theJBxpectedleachate ^
concentrations for all constituents are lower than the corresponding'no-liner LCTV^ then jno
liner is recommended as being sufficiently protective of ground water. If the expectedjeachate
concentration for any constituent is higher than the corresponding no-liner LCTV, then a single
clay liner is recommended. If any expected leachate concentration is higher than the
corresponding single-liner LCTV, then a composite liner is recommended.,For waste streams
with multiple constituents, the most protective liner that is specified for any one constituent is the
recommended liner design. ^ ^ *"" »
" * * '*
An electronic version of these look-up tables is included in this software as the National
Evaluation (Tier 1), and a printed copy of the tables is included^Guidance (U.S. EPA, 1999a).
The IWEM software allows you to enter the estimated leachate concentrations for waste
constituents and compares the enteredleachate Concentrations to the corresponding LCTVs to
produce a liner recommendation or determine whether lanf application is appropriate. The Tier
1 evaluation does not require site-specific data, and the resulting design recommendations are
based solely on an evaluation of,waste characteristics.
V n S ' •
,^ s, >ji ' ^ N
s°\ / * ^ &**¥. *"° *• .^A
4.4.1 Tier 1 Required Input
For the National Evaluation (Tier 1) modeling, the modeling scenarios are the same for all
constituents (see the Technical Background Document (U.S. EPA, 1999b) for detailed
informttion on model input values), thus the waste constituent-specific parameters (KQC and
dec^poefficient (X) for (panic constituents, and Kj for metals) determine the DAF for a given
orjlfc constituent forjjfiven type of WMU and liner design. The waste constituent-specific
i cannot belted in Tier 1. Therefore, to conduct a Tier 1 evaluation, perform the
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Tier 1 Analysis
1) Select WMU type
2) Select waste constituent(s) ,^ ^
3) Enter expected leachate concentration for each waste cpiisiltuenlp*
4.4.2 Tier 1 Output
The IWEM software queries a database containing the LCTV tables determined by EPACMTP
modeling and retrieves the data for each selected constituent. These LCTV values are then
compared to the entered leachate concentrations. The results are presented in a summary form
that reports the minimum liner required for the input expected leachate concentrations (see
Section 5.3.2.1 for a sample report). The first set of summary results are based on LCTVs which
are calculated from MCLs. The second set of summary results are based on HBNs. Consult your
state's regulatory agency for guidance on which toxicity reference level (TRL) should be used for
each constituent of concern.
Following the summary results, a detailed presentation of results is shown in which the waste
constituent-specific parameters (Koc and decay coefficient for organics, K,, for metals), the
expected leachate concentration, specified TRL (MCL, HBN, or user-specified level), and the
resulting LCrVs are reported for each selected constituent. These detailed results allow you to
understand how the LCTV values were calculated and how the liner design recommendations
were developed.
The LCI7 generally equals the DAF times the TRL, however, in certain cases the LCTV may be
capped at a lower value. See Sections 4.3.1 to 4.3.3 of this Users' Guide for an explanation of
these caps. In cases where: the DAF is very large (DAF = 1030), the reported LCTV is based upon
that for the daughter chemical, the TC Rule limit, or a 1,000 mg/L cap.
1 DAps and LCTVs are presented in the "Assessing Risk" section of
chapter 7 ("Protecting Ground Water") in the Guidance.
4.4.3 Application of Tier 1 Results to the Design of a Waste Management Unit (WMU)
For the 190 waste constituents included in the database accompanying the IWEM software, all
190 constituents have an HBN value, and 51 of these constituents also have an MCL (see
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users* Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Appendix A of this Users' Guide for a complete listing). To properly interpret the Tier 1 output,
consult with the appropriate state regulatory agency to determine which TRL should be used for
each constituent of concern. For wastes with multiple constituents of concern, you may need to
construct a final list of liner recommendations, some from LCTVs based on MCLsj^td some
from LCTVs based on HBNs. *" v ^
/ X ^ ~' *
If the expected leachate concentrations for all constituents ajp|^er rnart4he"n£liner LCTVs,
then no liner is recommended as being sufficiently protecj||l--of ground wafel^If any^constituen|
is higher than the no-liner LCTV, then at least a single clj|fliner is recomrneiided.y It^the J^
expected leachate concentration for any constituent is higher manjhe single-liner'LCT^, then at
least a composite liner is recommended. For waste streams wlth'niultiple constituents, the*most
protective liner that is specified for any one constituent is the mialPTier 1 recommended liner
design.
4.5 Location-Adjusted Evaluation (Tier 2) < ^ ^ ^
To assist you in risk-based decision making, trie Location-Adjusted Evaluation (Tier 2) is also
included in the IWEM software. If appropriate, ypjican pro^e^lp the Location-Adjusted
Evaluation (Tier 2) after performing jjjjx 1 evajfation or bpin directiy with a Tier 2
evaluation. If the expected leachat^^fficentration for any constituent is below the Tier 1 no-liner
LCTV for that WMU type, then trfl^nstituent^inay notpeed to be examined in Tier 2. This is
because the Tier 1 Evaluation is^generaHy more conservative than Tier 2 (the conservative
assumptionsjflfeEier 1 are replaced with more realistic site-specific assumptions in Tier 2).
Ji®m«€lBK . ^
The Tier 2^MualionWes,atset of four artificial neural networks (one for each type of WMU),
based o^pPACMTP modeling results, which enables you to input certain site-specific data from
a parti|llar WMU. These values are then used to identify a recommended liner design for the
givellfaeility and waste pjlto determine whether land application at the given site is appropriate
forftes given waste.
isfit of sexejllinousand EPACMTP simulations, a neural network was trained for each
Ifimate the DAFs that EPACMTP would have generated based on the values
of HS^^flpffameters. You can vary input parameter values within the range of values in
EPACMTP's nationwide distributions, and the neural network then quickly makes an accurate
prediction of the results that an EPACMTP simulation would have generated. Thus, the Tier 2
evaluation provides an easy way to include a limited number of site-specific considerations
without having to run EPACMTP or another ground-water fate and transport model.
Additionally, the intuitive, windows-based user interface eliminates the need for you to have
17
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM April 13,1999
training or extensive knowledge of artificial neural networks, the EPACMTP model, or statistics.
Similar to Tier 1, the expected waste leachate concentrations are compared to the Tier 2 LCTVs
for the constituents of concern to determine the recommended liner system for thejgfste
management unit or to determine whether land application of this waste is!?
4.5.1 Tier 2 Input
To allow you to enter site-specific data on sorption and d^k^ of modeled constituents? you can
edit the organic carbon distribution coefficient (Koc) andi|||^;g^rder decay coefficient
(chemical hydrolysis and/or observed bio-degradation) inl^l|l||>r each constituent selected,
default values are assigned for KQC and the decay coefficienTiCi3!iiiEfeA., 1993). The default
, __ . •'f.^-f ^faStaiajfKif^. '
decay coefficient represents degradation from chemica!1iydrolysts^^,s|ince biodegradation
rates are often strongly influenced by site-specific factors. You sb^^ilolffiiacrease the default
.i. lJS8!>>' '
* /***• •
i and sufficient
After selecting the waste constituents to be modeled^you caf|eiM|£a value for each of the
following site-specific parameters: ' """ " ''**""*
, • .s.M«
Tier 2 Required Input
IjTypeofWMU
2) Expected leachate concentration for each waste constituent
3) Infiltration rate (or WMU location and soil type or
impoundment characteristics for a surface impoundment)
, , 'i.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Tier 2 Optional Input
1) Add a waste constituent (with known chemical properties)
that is not currently on the list of constituents <" ,^ J
2) First-order decay coefficient for each waste constituent (1/yr)
3) KQC for each waste constituent (L/kg)^- V J^ ,tf**»
4) Toxicity reference level for each waste constituent (mg/fc>)^ ,
5) WMU area (m2) *' ''" **>'
6) Depth to water table (depth to water) (m)
7) Aquifer thickness (m) >""' ^
8) Radial distance to the down-gradient monitoring well (m)
9) Groundwater pH (only required if at least one waste
constituent is a metal) , -',?«.
V1 f
Note: If you don't have a site-specific value for.any inputs, default
values supplied by the IWEM software can be used. f f
The infiltration rate is defined as the rate (annual volumejdivided by WMU area) at which
leachate flows, from the bottom of the WMU (including any liner) into the unsaturated zone
beneath the WMU. You can either^specify the infiltration rate, or the program will estimate
values for each of two general liner scenarios based on the WMU's geographic location (or
impoundment characteristics for surface impoundments). However, you are not constrained to
examine only these scenarios; given the resulting infiltration rate, any conceivable scenario can
be evaluated (provided that the infiltration rate falls within the allowable range) by entering an
infiltration rate directly. Specifically, if you wish to evaluate a composite liner and know the
infiltration rate, the site-specific infiltration option may be selected.
t * ^
The depth to the water table and aquifer thickness are parameters that may be known with
relative certainty. However, if there is uncertainty or a known variation in these values, the
model can be ran three or more times to examine the sensitivity of this parameter on the results
(e.g., once with the rmnimum value, once with the most probable value, usually a mean or
median Value, and once with the maximum value). Such a sensitivity analysis could then be the
basis for deciding if it is important and cost-effective to gather more data, or whether the liner
design evaluation should proceed using the most conservative value.
Consult with your state regulatory agency to determine the radial distance between the down-
gradient edge of the WMU and the ground-water monitoring well that should be used for the Tier
2 analysis. Note that 150 m is used for the Tier 1 analysis. However, some states may wish to
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
adopt a different radial distance for use in Tier 2 based on regional hydrogeologic characteristics
and land use patterns. Therefore, you should confirm the appropriate distance to use in Tier 2
with your state regulatory agency.
For Tier 2, the modeling scenario is designed to approximate the specific WMU being evaluated,
and, therefore, the liner recommendation from a properly performed Tier 2 evaluation has less
uncertainty associated with it than a Tier 1 evaluation of the^same site. This reduction in
uncertainty is achieved by including several types of site-specific data which are both easily
measured and important to the model output. However, if site-specific data for any of the model
inputs are not available, the suggested default values should be used.
For each type of WMU, there are two types of minimum and maximum values which are listed
below in Tables 4.1 to 4.4. The allowable range of values for each input is listed in the tables
below under the column header "Absolute Boundaries". However, there may be additional
£t*ffi J
uncertainty in the model output associated with values near these extremes therefore, the Tier 2
software will warn you when you have entered a value which is outside the range considered to
be representative of most existing WMUs in the country. That is, for each input parameter, there
is a relatively large range of allowable input values; but withift this allowable range, there is a
smaller range of input values for which we have a higher confidence in the model output.
M -
,», - «£/
The minimum and maximum value^for the layger range of allowable inputs is listed in Tables
4.1 to Table 4.4 under the column header "Absolute Boundaries."
The mmimum and maximum values for the,smallib:tSrange of input values for which there is less
||F ii up, iiilH'iWifc. -^ » ;:««Sf'3';•"> wttfift.. --iSfe'1:";*^
uncertainty in the^mpdel output is listed in Tables 4.1 to Table 4.4 under the column header
"Triggers Warmng!" This coSmin header refers to the fact that if you enter a value which is
between the minimum, value listedun|ie£jhe "Triggers Warning" header and the minimum
allowable value^warning rnessage^^0ears on the screen to remind you about the increased
uncertainty, in modeling this scenario (Which is outside the mainstream of sites for which this
model was Developed). T[^e^^|,> similar warning message appears if you enter a value which
is between the maximum ^i^listed under the "Triggers Warning" header and the maximum
allowable value. The values for the decay coefficient and K,,,. do not trigger the warning
message, even when the^yalues are outside the 10th to 90th percentile range. These parameters are
constituent-specific anE-are automatically input to the neural network. Other values for these
parameters may,be,Sntered in the appropriate input screen, but no warning will be given if the
§j§fde--me 10th to 90th percentile range, or outside the absolute boundary range.
We invite users to provide comments to us on whether or not these ranges of values
are sufficiently large to accommodate most existing and proposed WMUs.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM April 13,1999
Table 4.2 Ranges and Defaults for Inputs in a Tier 2 Landfill Evaluation
Landfill > ,'
Parameter
AreaofWMU
Infiltration rate
Depth to water
table
Aquifer
thickness
Radial distance
to well
Decay
coefficient
Units
m2
m/yr
m
m
m
1/yr
', <-"** V %" IWEM Tier 2 Input ^t^"" f^,\{ "'
' Triggers Warning >
"Less than
this value
980
0.024
2.0
4.0
50
0.0
Greater than
this value
1.5e+05
0.45
31
81
350
0.5 « "
Absolute Boundaries *!
_1 Less than"
xthis value'
40 /
l.Oe-05 ^ %
\
0.3
0.3 <^j/
40*^'-^
•<,
0.0 ,
Greater than
Jr*"™ ,
2.0e+06 ,,
1.1 */
610 "^
A '
500 >
•f f
1.0
^^J. w ^ ^ * V
-.iJnef2Defauift
Ji.9oWb4r;x
0.13 ' 1 " vi)
X
*• \
5.3
11
I5f
N/A
V ,
/*•
Table 4.3 Ranges and Defaults for Inputs in 1 Tier 2 Surface Impoundment Evaluation
-*: -"-v '."
-'" . 'H- ", •"-*
Surface Impoundment
Parameter ^
AreaofWMU
Infiltration rate
Depth to' water
table y '
& ^ *
Aquifer
thickness
•> < ? ?*
Radial distance
*»•>•" \.'> t >9
to welL
x V s.^ ySjfrj^.
Decay *•"
coefficient
•"OT*
[ „ *U^~
Units'*
rf''^
m/yr
m
m
•*/
* /
m
1/yr
L/kg
" -, " l1^1"-'1 '.£" -" llWEMTlMlllput ,;,/** *^l"r^J\"V"",
r ,v * " >• " ~ ""
^Triggers Warning
Less than ~*
this value
^110 -x
0^084
*, ' V »
2.0 ^
jf* *"
^4.0
50
0.0
0.01
- Greater than
* this value -
4.0e+04
0.50
31
84
350
0.5
2.0e+04
J* "*• AbsqlutelBoundariesd^. -
-Less'thaa (J '
"£hisvaluef/
14
0.007
0.3
0.3
40
0.0
0.0
11 **
Greater than
this value
4.0e+06
1.9
610
910
500
1.0
S.Oe+04
»f?\ \'f ~fs "I,
-t -,<^ —
"" — ^
"S11er2jpe6iuft
2.70e+03
0.16
6.1
11
150
N/A
N/A
21
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM April 13,1999
Table 4.4 Ranges and Defaults for Inputs in a Tier 2 Waste Pile Evaluation
Waste Pile
Parameter
ArcaofWMU
Infiltration rate
Depth to water
table
Aquifer
thickness
Radial distance
to well
Decay
coefficient
Koc
Units
m2
m/yr
m
m
m
1/yr
L/kg
MEM Tier 2 Input-
Triggers Warning
Less than
this value
110
0.13
2.0
4.0
50
0.0
0.01
Greater than
this value
4.0e+04
0.50
31
84
350
0.5
2.0e+04
Absolute Boundaries ,
Less than
this value
7.0
0.0003
0.3
0.3
40
0.0
0.0
Greater than
this value
1.4e+06
1.2
610
910
500
1.0
5.06+04
- ,
-Tier 2 Default
'430'
0.27
6.5
12
150
N/A
N/A
Table 4.5 Ranges and Defaults for Inputs in a Tier 2 Land Application Unit Evaluation
V '•"
Land Application Unit
Parameter
Area of WMU
Infiltration rate
Depth to water
table
Aquifer
thickness
Radius
Decay
coefficient
Koc
Units
m2
m/yr
m
m -
m
1/yr
L/kg
IWEM Her 2 Input
Triggers Warning
Less than
this value
2200
0.11
2,0
4.0
50
0.0
0.01
Greater than
this value
9.0e+05
0.41
34
91
350
0.5
2.0e+04
Absolute Boundaries
Less than
this value
20
0.077
0.3
0.3
40
0.0
0.0
Greater than
this value
8.0e+07
0.74
610
910
500
1.0
5.0e+04
Tier 2 Default *
8.40e+04
0.16
7.0
18
150
N/A
N/A
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
4.5.2 Tier 2 Output
After appropriate input values have been chosen, the model is queried for each constituent of
concern using the chosen waste constituent-specific and site-specific inputs. Any toxic daughter
products produced by hydrolysis of the selected constituents are automatically added to the list,
and the concentration of these daughter products is determined by the concentration of the parent
constituents. ,,,'"?''£ ^ ^
The form of results for the Tier 2 evaluation is determined by which option you chose|
the infiltration rate (either a location-based estimate or a user-specifieli value). Bu£rf
infiltration option you choose, the results are divided into two sets: summary resultsli|pietailed
results. The first set of results is a results summary which reports liner recommendation for each
constituent, and the overall liner recommendation based on all input expected leachate
concentrations. A ** V
The second set of results, the detailed results, present all the data upon^wjiich the liner evaluation
is based. This data includes the waste constituent-specific parameters (Koc and decay
coefficient), expected leachate concentration, t)AF value, specified TRL, and the resulting LCTV
value for each selected constituent. These detailed results allow you to understand how the
LCTV values were calculated and howjthe liner design recommendations were developed.
If you choose to have the infiltration rate estimated automatically for the landfill, waste pile, or
surface impoundment, your expected leachate concentrations are compared to the LCTVs
calculated for m-situ soil and single clay linelrf'THSSEirial Tier 2 recommendation is the minimum
liner design (of the two evaluated) which is protective of groundwater. If you choose to have the
infiltration rate estimated automatically for the land application unit, your expected leachate
concentrations are compared to the LCTVs calculated for the no-liner (in-situ soil) scenario. The
final Tier 2 recommendation is whether^or not land application of this waste will be protective of
groundwater. '
ifiltration (for any of the four types of WMUs), the entered
If youjdlrectly enter a valt ,
leaclfale concentrations aWcofnpared to the LCTV calculated for this scenario. The results
rep^Kwhether the giverjlcenario is recommended as being sufficiently protective of the ground
wi
Illation of Tier 2 Results to the Design of a WMU
To properly perform a Tier 2 evaluation, consult with the appropriate state regulatory authority
about which TRL should be used for each constituent of concern in the waste being evaluated.
If you choose to have the infiltration rate estimated by the model based on the WMU location,
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users* Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
then the results are presented in terms of the standard types of liners: no liner (in-situ soil) and
single clay liner. If the expected leachate concentrations for all constituents are lower than the
no-liner LCTVs, then no liner is recommended as being sufficiently protective of ground water.
If any constituent is higher than the no-liner LCTV, then at least a single clay liner ip?
recommended. If the expected leachate concentration for any constiment|!|> higheifihan the
single-liner LCTV, then the scenario is determined to be not protective.^fl^^^ streams with
multiple constituents, the most protective liner that is specifie^|br anytplM^I&ituent is the
recommended liner design.
If you have a measured or calculated value for infiltrationlj-ate, thatfvalue can
as input for Tier 2. In this case, the expected leachate conclntfattbns are compared to^rae^LCTV
. — . %^l-$'fi^4kW;$$fr. * * ">•
calculated for this scenario. The modeling results are theh1|rte$|ped^which tell you whether the
given scenario is recommended as being sufficiently proteetwe?6flh|liground water.
* * jfAAff '"Wiy-i-t-F/yw.imhi-^^-.j.,
In instances where the scenario is not protective, you will be directld'tSficonsider pollution
A J .^••fiJ'iftK'X'f-X'f. -^ftH^fff^ffx' c
prevention, treatment, or a more protective liner desigm I5»e&Part IV Mtifc Guidance for further
. s&^^^^i&. £<->£!>•» - - ^- '"%%yivr
"*"'"
.
discussion.
*• f
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM April 13,1999
5.0 RUNNING THE IWEM SOFTWARE
5.1 How do I start the IWEM software?
*&>
To use the program for the first time, you must install the software from the CD to the hard-drive
(see Section 3.0). ^ -^ x
•^ ""V ^
After installation, Microsoft Windows™ 95 and NT users can launch the program by choosing '/
"Programs" from the "Start" menu (at the lower left corner of the screen) and then choosing
"IWEM" program group and the program "IndWaste". Alternately, you can create a create^ short-
cut to the "IndWaste" program and move it to the desktop. In this case, the program can be
launched by double-clicking on the "IndWaste" icon on the^desktop.
•y \
Microsoft Windows™ 3.x users can launch the program by double-clicking on the "IWEM"
program group from the Program Manager and then clicking on the program "IndWaste.exe."
5.2 What are the features of the IWEM software?
The IWEM software has a user-
friendly point-and-click interface
which is designed to operate in
accordance wjth Microsoft
Windows™ conventions. The first
* >\^ \
screen that you see after launching
the program is thelStart-Up Screen
which will appear only while the
program is loading. ^
The first time the IWEM software is run, the Start-Up Screen will disappear after a few seconds
and will be replaced by the main program window which will display the first of several
Introductory Screens. After reading the text on each screen, click the "Next" button at the
bottom right of the screen to proceed to the next screen. After reading this introductory
info|mation, you can click in the check-box at the bottom of the screen to prevent these screens
from being; Displayed the next time the program is run. This introductory information can be
viewed at any time by choosing Introduction from the Help menu.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Note the following features of the main program window:
Title Bar at the top
and the name of the
current file
displays the software title iSSasToTgnlZ^
currentwaste management decision-making. All aspects oltia moduli
Wo5(^?Vsncoumgeu«orstoreviewftB'Assessingresk'secSonofChaptar7(-ProtacSngGraundWaleOintheGuidancsfoi
A description of Bie model and a discussion of key parameters and some critical issues that affect modeling results
undergoing peer review and public comment including:
1) The appropriateness of the Tier 2 model for a location adjusted anarysis:
2) In put values for sensitive parameters and linsr scenarios; and
Pull"DOWn MenUS allOW 13 Capabilities and user-friendliness of the model software.
you to perform <
file operations
Tool Bar also allows you |
to quickly perform
common operations
From the pull-down menus in the main program window, you can select among the following
menu items: .1:."" ;-M ^jfF
• File: perform general file operations suclt as open and save
• Evaluation: proceed directly to either the National Evaluation (Tier 1) or the Location-
Adjusted Evaluation (Tier 2) ;
• Options: customize the appearance of the software, such as font size for the introductory
screens and the ^indftw colors
.Help: display the introductory screens, definitions of key terms, contact information for
technical support or the "About" dialog box (which gives general information about the
software).
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
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Using the toolbar is a quick way to perform common operations:
Clicking here begins a "New Evaluation".
Clicking here launches the "Open File" dialog box to select the previously saved
evaluation file to be opened. ,
Clicking here launches the "Save File" dialog box to select the evaluation file to
be saved.
Clicking here begins the National Evaluation (Tier 1). ,,s , '
Clicking here begins the Location-Adjusted Evaluation (Tier 2).
Clicking here exits you from the TWEM software.
If you forget the function of any of the toolbar buttons, you can display "Tool tips" (which
identifies the button's function) for each button by placing the cursor on top of the button.
How do I navigate through the IWEM software?
f
The software is set up as a series of screens through which you can navigate to enter data and
view results. Some screens consist of several tabs which all have a common function. For
$•••';'
instance, the Tier 1 Data Input Screen consists of three tabs on which you enter your leachate
data; the Tier 1 Summary Results Screen consists of two tabs (MCL and HBN) on which the
analysis results are presented.
.. ' > s ,\? '^'^ A"
You can move through the program using three different methods:
• Clicking on one of the toolbar buttons or clicking on the Evaluation menu,
• Clicking on the "Next" or "Back" buttons at the bottom of the screen, or
• Clicking on one of the labeled tabs located at the top of the data entry and results screens.
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How do I get help if I have a problem or a question?
If you have a copy of the CD, you can open and read this Users' Guide on-screen while the
IWEM software is running on your computer, however, you will find it easier to pratpout a copy
of the Users' Guide and refer to this hard copy while you are learning to i||e theJ^raM software.
Note that Section 5 of this Users' Guide contains screen-by-screen uis3^^Rn$ on how to use
the software.
A dialog box containing a definition can be displayed by Clicking on Jjp
Data Requirements Screen (one of the introductory screellsk Theseiiialog
•* * ** (i^iMfSjjiS^, &*$&
displayed at any time by choosing Definition Window f^^^aelp menu.
Win 3.x users and anyone with a technical question aboutjii
should contact:
.^W^'i-^s;1.'"^^, "3HW(«^»«ieaii
Virginia Colten-Bradley (US EPA Office of SollS Waste. EMRADlJ
* t^*"*' Sililiiiim S
phone: 703-308-8613 ^ " ^Iplflll^.. tf
f«>-v ICY* "^na n<»nQ , ^ t Click on "National Evaluation" button or "Location-Adjusted Evaluation" button at the
|| ;-*T*bpttom of the last introductory screen.
;i •;;•••
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
5.3 National Evaluation (Tier 1)
The Input Screen for Tier 1 consists of three tabs:
• WMU Type
• Waste Chemical List
• Leachate Concentration
The Summary Results Screen for Tier 1 consists of two
April 13,1999
MCL Summary
HBN Summary
The Detailed Results Screen for Tier 1 consists of six tabs:
<* f
• MCL Results for No Liner
• MCL Results for Single Liner
• MCL Results for Composite Liner ,
• HBN Results for No Liner
• HBN Results for Single Liner ( """ ^
• HBN Results for Composite Liner „ ^
The overall Tier 1 result is then displayed on the National Evaluation Summary Screen.
> 4 ^ *"
The available options and data displayed on each of these tabs is explained in the following
sections.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
5.3.1 Tier 1 Input Screen
5.3.1.1 Tab 1: Waste Management Unit Type
User Input: Select WMU Type
Enter Facility Identification Information
April 13,1999
In the WMU Type fab of the Tier 1 Data Input Screen, first select one of the following types of
WMU's (selection can be made by clicking on the appropriate option button):
'Landfill
' "s j Surface Impoundment
'•4*.^;, Waste Pile _„,;;,/
^"•j'; Land Application Unit
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
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Then, in the text boxes located in the lower half of the screen, enter the following information
about the WMU being evaluated:
• Facility Name
• Address of the WMU (street, city, state, zip)
• Date of waste constituent analysis
• Your name (name of the person performing the liner evaluation)
• Any additional identifying information that you wouldlike to include
*. ? > < * x
o, J f N
/ ^ *• fs ^
Please note that these text fields cannot contain quotation marks (") or apostrophes (*). All
information entered in these text boxes will be included on the printed Tier 1 and Tier 2 ''
Evaluation Reports. , ["
5.3.1.2 Tab 2: Chemical List
User Input: Select constituents expected in leachate using the following options:
• Search by Constituent Name or CAS Number
• Sort by Constituent Name or CAS Number
• Type of Constituent (Display Organics oit
s > '*;•&'
440350 Antimony
7440382 Areenre
7440333 Barium
7440417 B«j*um
7440433 Cadmum
16065381 Qromun [III)
7440473 Chromium (VI)
7440508 Coppa
7439321 Lead
7433976 Metcuy
7440020 Nickot
7782492 Selenium
7440224 Siva
7440280 ThaSun
7440622V«vxfcm
7440666 Zinc
71432 Benzene
75092 MeDylene CMotide (Dichloromelhane)
7440360 Antimony
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What waste constituents can I enter in IWEM software?
In the Chemical List tab, you will find a list of waste constituents. The list of constituents
includes 174 organics and 16 metal species. These waste constituents and the defauj§?values for
the waste constituent-specific properties are presented in Appendix A.
How do I find and select a waste constituent?
You can display either the list of organic constituents or the list of metals by clicking one of the
options within the frame titled "Type of Chemical." Although only one type of constituent is
displayed in the list at the same time, you can have both organics and metals in the expected
leachate from the modeled waste. f ' -•
Each constituent appears with its common name and Chemical Abstract Service Registry
Number (CAS #) in the list in the lower left of the screen. You can determine whether the
constituents are sorted by name or by CAS # by clicking one of the options within the frame
titled "Sort by." * - : "
, .*'
i «• %*/
You can move through the displayed list to select a particular constituent by using one of these
methods:
To move through the list of waste constituents:
1) Use the scroll bar at theiight of the displayed list
2) Use the arrow keys on the keyboard (once one
constituent in the list is selected)
3) Type in the constituent name or CAS # in the
appropriate text box within the frame titled "Search by"
, . --
When using the "Search by" option, as soon as you have typed in enough information to identify
one of the listed constituents, that waste constituent will be highlighted in the list. You can then
use me arrow "keys on the keyboard to move up or down in the list if the highlighted constituent
is not exactly the one you intended to select.
Once the appropriate constituent is highlighted in the list (on the left of the screen), you can click
the "Add" button at the bottom of the screen to transfer it to your list of constituents expected in
the leachate (on the right side of the screen). Similarly, you can click the "Remove" button to
delete a highlighted constituent from the your list of selected constituents. A waste constituent
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM April 13,1999
can also be added quickly to your list by double-clicking on it in the list on the left.
How do I select more than one waste constituent at a time?
The following keyboard functions simplify the selection of more than one waste constituent:
• To add a number of constituents that are listed sequentially in the listf(that is, one after
another without any non-selected constituents in the middle), click on the first waste
constituent, press down the "Shift" key, and then click on the Jast waste constituent. jjjl
waste constituents listed between the first and last chosen constituents
*.
highlighted. > ^
• To add a number of constituents that not are listed sequentially in the list, click on the
first waste constituent, and then hold down the "Control" (Ctrl) key while selecting
additional constituents using the mouse. , ;>,
* > * x/V
"*><,•"
Once your selection is complete, use the "Add" button at the bottom of the screen to transfer all
the highlighted constituents to your list.
f " ~r*f /
Once your list of waste constituents is complete, you can proceed with the Tier 1 evaluation by
clicking on either the tab titled "Leachate Concentration" or click the "Next" button at the bottom
of the screen.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
5.3.1.3 Tab 3: Leachate Concentration
April 13,1999
User Input: Enter the expected leachate concentration for each selected waste constituent
^*n7F*IiS!Wf3^7;*^-'/:vB>~*Sfi!pa
The National Evaluation (Tier 1) cannot be performed until an expected leachate
concentration is entered for each selected waste constituents.
How do I determine what my expected leachate concentrations are?
Please see the chapter on Waste Characterization in the Guidance for information on analytical
procedures that can be used to determine expected leachate concentrations for waste constituents.
How do I enter my expected leachate concentrations?
This table is similar to a spreadsheet. Using the mouse, click on the first empty cell in the
column titled "Leachate Concentration," and type in your expected leachate concentration. Then
click on the cell below to enter the next concentration. Repeat this process until you have
entered expected leachate concentrations for all waste constituents.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM April 13,1999
How do I perform the Tier 1 evaluation?
Simply click on the Next button at the bottom right of the screen to perform the Tier 1 evaluation
and view your results.
5.3.2 Tier 1 Summary Results Screen
Why are there two tabs in the Summary Results Screen?
The results of the National Evaluation (Tier 1) are first presented on-screen in summary form.
The summary results are divided into two tabs, based on which toxicity reference level (TRL) is
used to calculate the leachate concentration threshold value (LCTV) -- one for LCTVs based on
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), and one for LCTVs based on Health-Based Numbers
(HBNs). /,"* ', '
Are results for all my waste constituents on both tabs?
$&& "%*"'
Please note that not all waste constituents have both an MCL and an HBN, therefore, results for
all constituents may ndtbe on both tabs. The MCL summary tab provides a minimum liner
recommendation for each of the selected constituents that have an MCL. Likewise, the HBN tab
presents a rninimum liner recommendation for each of the selected constituents that have an
HBN. These recommendations are based on a comparison of the expected leachate concentration
for that constituent to the calculated LCTV using the waste constituent-specific MCL or HBN.
The bottom of the tab displays an overall minimum liner recommendation which is based on
consideration of all waste constituents that are included on that tab.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
How do I use these two sets of LCTVs?
April 13,1999
Please note that the overall liner recommendation may depend upon whether HBNs or MCLs are
being used. Depending upon the waste constituents being evaluated and the appropriate TRL for
each, you may have to create for yourself a final list of LCTV values and minimum liner
recommendations, some based on MCLs and some based on HBNs. Ypushould obtain direction
from your state regulatory authority regarding which TRL should be use
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
SESESiESS
^ft"*SJw? '&&>tt'j$&i3?-'sif'*'S'*~' '•$-:< NS 3ft xvv1*"
What da^|rtp1reseiD%a^||E! Tierl DetaUed Results tabs?
The tajpfe at the top of ea<^l$if'!|>resents the data on which the liner recommendation is based for
eacbjpiected chemical. |ffe last column in the table (with the header "Protective?") tells you
or not the specified liner is protective of groundwater for that constituent. This
lation is madejfy comparing the entered leachate concentration with the LCTV. If the
Ijleachate concentration is greater than the LCTV, the liner is not recommended as being
|e C*No"), Ivhereas, if the expected leachate concentration is less than the LCTV, the
Commended as being protective ("Yes"). If the LCTV is not calculated for that
constituent because the TRL is not available, "NA" (not applicable) is displayed in this cell.
To properly interpret the results of the National Evaluation, you must consult with the
appropriate state regulatory agency to determine which human health toxicity benchmark should
be used for each constituent of concern. For wastes with multiple constituents of concern, you
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
may need to construct a final list of liner recommendations, some from LCTVs based on
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and some from LCTVs based on Health-Based Numbers
(HBNs).
For waste streams with multiple constituents, the most protective liner specified fofany one
111. Ji^flfi,, JfM*
constituent is the overall recommended liner type. ^
53 A Tier 1 Evaluation Summary
•>
The "Next" button brings up a screen containing a summary of the Tier 1
instructions for proceeding on to a Tier 2 evaluation, and where you can find
'<'/W>-\*y'£,-j;vf-'-'
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
At this point, you can also choose to save your results or to exit the IWEM software — these
options will be explained after describing the Tier 1 Report.
How do I view and print the Tier 1 Report? **
?>
<0 ' >
Clicking on the "Report" button in the National Evaluation Summary screen displays the Tier 1
report on-screen. You can then view the report or choose one of the following options:
$ , -^ *" j. *w-
* V l A* ^* -
Print the report; the "Print" dialog box then appears where you can
adjust printer setting or choose to print selected pages. * * ^/
Save the report to a file; a dialog box then appears where you can
specify the file type, and then select the file name and directory. The
file types in this list are dependent upon what software you have
installed on your PC, but not all of these options are currently
functional. Most users will find that the option for Word for Windows
works, however, some minor formatting in Word may be required to
produce a document-ready report.
View the next page of the report
View the previous page of the report
Tier 1 Report Includes:
1) List of selected waste constituent(s) and constituent
specific-values
2) Minimum liner requirement based on MCLs
3) Minimum liner requirement based on HBNs
4) Data used to calculate the LCTV for each liner
Please note that an example Tier 1 report is included in this Users' Guide in Appendix B.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM April 13,1999
How do I save the input and results of the Tier 1 evaluation?
There are several ways to save the Tier 1 evaluation input:
i*.
• Click on the "File" menu and choose "Save" or "Save As." A clMog box will then
open which prompts you for the file name and directory locafion^^aslappropriate. You
can choose any filename you want, but you must use the file!fej(it||isi$n>"wem" in
order to later open a saved evaluation. Please note that youj^t^>|^tyljany files to jj*
the cd-rom, so you must specify a directory on*your hardndifle or'l^j^^jdisk asjfie
location to which the file should be saved. ^ ''^im^mim^
Click on the "Save" button on the toolbar. If you are editing a previously saved
evaluation, the file will be automatically updated. If you have created a new
evaluation, the "Save As" dialog box will open, as described above.
• Click on the "Cancel" button in the very top right corner of the screen. (The "Cancel"
button is the one with the "X" on it.)
If you forget to save before trying to exit the IWEM software, a dialog box will pop up, asking if
you want to save before exiting the software.
* ^ v *
How do I exit the IWEM software?
You can exit the IWEM software by clicking on the "File" menu, and choosing "Exit".
* ii "• •*
You can also click on the exit button on the tool bar to exit the IWEM software.
m
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
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How do I proceed to Tier 2?
Clicking on the "Continue" button at the bottom of the screen launches the Location-Adjusted
Evaluation (Tier 2). ^
When you proceed to a Tier 2
evaluation after performing a Tiej
1 evaluation, a message box __,, ^
appears *
transfer the
and expected leachate
concentrations from the Tier 1
analysis to the Tier 2 analysis.
Click on theJlYes" button to
~> *>si?
continue on to Tier 2 with the
current list of waste constituents.
ThaNrfonalEvdw&n.
Konm^lhafelaM|ng
The Detailed Results Screen for the Location-Adjusted Evaluation varies according to the option
you chose for the infiltration rate. When using a location-based estimate of infiltration, the
Detailed Results Screen for Tier 2 consists of two tabs:
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users'Guide for IWEM
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No Liner Results
Single Liner Results
When using a user-specified infiltration rate, the Detailed Results Screen for Tjier 2 consists of
t 'v*fe,, j&ty'
only one tab: ^
« User-Defined Liner Results
5 * «"'" **/*K*4fKgy;p?»!:.?/.^5y
The overall Tier 2 result is then displayed on the Location-Adjusted Evaluation Summary Screen.
The available options and data displayed on each of these tabs is explained in the following
sections.
j.
5.4.1 Tier 2 Input Screen
If you begin with the Tier 1 Evaluation and then proceed to the Tier 2 Evaluation with the same
selected constituents, the WMU type, list of waste constituents, and the expected leachate
concentrations specified in Tier 1 can be transferred to Tier 2 for your convenience. However,
these values can be edited in Tier 2, if appropriate.
5.4.1.1 Tab 1: Waste Management Unit Type
The first tab of the Tier 2 Data Input Screen. WMU Type, is identical to the Tier 1 WMU Type
tab.
How do I enter WMU data?
• Using the option buttons,
select the type of WMU to
be evaluated.
• Enter the facility
information in the text
boxes at the bottom of the
.'":i":"::" screen.
• The information entered in
these text boxes will be
included on the printed
report for Tier 2.
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5.4.1.2 Tab 2: Location Parameters
User Input: Area of the waste management unit
Depth to the water table ^
Aquifer thickness
Radial distance to the monitoring well
Groundwater pH (only for wastes containing metals)
Brief justification for each site-specific value > -> ^
This tab is where you enter your site-specific data. If you don't have a site-specific value fprany
inputs, default values supplied by the IWEM software can be used. However, you must type in a
value for each input: either the default value or your site-specific value. The default values are
generally the median values from the distributions of values used in the Tier 1 evaluation (See
Section 4.5.1).
value teccmtnonded by stale regutetoy agency
^ipiapmput parameters for which you enter site-specific values, remember
if pe in a brief justification of this value. This justification will be included
in the printed report.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
5.4.1.3 Tab 3: Infiltration
April 13,1999
User Input: Choose one of the following options for specifying infiltration rate:
• Use site-specific data (i.e., a measured, modeled, or calculated vflijie)
• No site-specific data available (the model will estima^^alues;^f you based
on the soil type and geographic location of the WMl|
Displayed at the top of this tab is the following question:
"Do you have a site-specific value for infiltration rate?"
To answer this question, click on one of the two option button!•
• "Yes, I have a site-specific infiltration rate^ or
• "No, I do not have a site-specific infiltration rate."
If you choose yes, the Tier 2 results will be repbrteffi
liner scenario is referred to as a'
linerat the modeled unit, this
concentrations will
recommend whether or not
.
be compared to the LCTV calculated for^tms liner^jtrid the
your liner design will be protective for all* the listed Waste constituents. This would be the option
. _ . «iah>t**rt. tff.f «i»' r
to choose if you are evaluating the composite liher scenarioland you know the infiltration rate.
If you choose no, the Tier 2 results will be reported forMe default liner type(s). There are two
J' I":* ,. ":;;.'(!'\-">.J!.«St taf-ffftiKKitiXfSKj'' J * *• '
liner types for landfills, surf^.i^oundme^ and: waste piles (no liner/in-situ soil and single
clay liner). There is only one liner Scenario for land application units because engineered liners
• f-ir"'",,»• tf; iilviin;!!!1'}*!!^ **%*;: •-:'• "^ wt 7 >t^2-:^. * •*• ^
are not usuaHy^sed>t;Jhese t^pes'otfacijities. Your entered leachate concentrations will be
compared to me I^TV for each ofIfiyeKher types, and the model will recommend the
. . '•'Yfc.iil :K,i.,J-,,ji.*i,vAt 'ia*»i.;Sl*,By •'^
minimum linejjype which is protective for all the listed waste constituents.
""" '"' " "" "
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If you click on the "Yes, I have a site-specific infiltration rate" option button, the tab will appear
like this for an evaluation of a landfill, surface impoundment, or waste pile (only the no-liner
infiltration rate will be given for an evaluation of a land application unit):
Now, enter the infiltration rate and a brief justification in the appropriate cells. Note that the
default infiltrattolfrate is the median infiltration rate (based on EPACMTP modeling using OSW
survey data) for the specified type of WMU. This value is provided just to give you an idea of
what is considered to be, a typical infiltration rate for your type of unit, however, climate and
other site-specific factors will likely cause the infiltration for the modeled site to be different
from the default value displayed by the software.
jv "^ 1? 4-S
If you enter an infiltration rate which is between the 90th and the 100th percentile yalues for the
no-Jiner scenario or which is between the 0th and the 10th percentile value for the single-liner
scenario (based on the 6"SW survey data for the type of WMU being modeled), a dialog box will
pop up which infqrfffs you that there is increased uncertainty in model output based on this type
of extreme value Iflnfiltration. However, you will be allowed to continue with the analysis.
If you enter an infiltration rate which is larger than the 100th percentile value for the no-liner
scenario or which is smaller than the 0th percentile value for the single-liner scenario (based on
the OSW survey data for the type of WMU being modeled), a dialog box will pop up which
informs you that this value is beyond the allowable input range. In this case, you will not be
allowed to continue with the analysis unless you change this input to an acceptable value.
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If you click on the "No, I do not have a site-specific infiltration rate" option button, the tab will
appear like this:
Landfill Evaluation
Waste Pile Evaluation
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Land Application Unit
Evaluation
The infiltration rate tab for the surface impoundment scenario is slightly different, and is
described later.
"' /<. v
For an evaluation of a landfill, waste pile, or land application unit, you now need to specify the
soil type and'geographic location of the WMU, The model will then estimate the resulting
infiltration'rate for^your site for the standard liner scenario(s) (only the no-liner scenario is
evaluated for a land application unit). This estimate is based on water-balance modeling
conducted for 97 climate.centers around the country (See Section 3.1 in the Technical
Background Document (tf.S. EPA, 1999b) for more information.).
First, select one of the following choices for soil type by clicking on it:
, • Coarse-grained soil
/ 1 • Mediumrgrained soil
l%~4 • Fine-grained soil
v^ • Unk&own soil type
*• v^ >'
If you choosJlnknown soil type, the model will use the infiltration rate for the coarse grained
soil type (which is generally the most conservative case). Note that for a waste pile, you must
also specify the conductivity of the waste (this value is used in determining the single-liner
infiltration rate). There are three choices for waste conductivity: high (4.1 x 10"2 cm/sec),
medium (4.1 x 10'3 cm/sec), and low (5.0 x 10"5 cm/sec). These values are thought to be typical
of wastes disposed in waste piles (ABB Environmental Services, 1995).
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Infiltration rates for 97 different cities or "climate centers" around the country have been
calculated based on meteorological data and soil type. By choosing the climate center closest to
modeled WMU site, you can use the infiltration rate for this climate center as an estimate of the
infiltration rate expected at your site.
&&$#, /*?$,
Notice that the infiltration rates for Fresno, CA appear in the table at the bottom of the tab
because Fresno, CA is the default choice for climate center.JTo^choose another, location, click on
the "View Cities List" button. The following dialog box will appear: "* ~~"
P &
By choosing one of the options ;under the title "Sort by," you can sort the climate centers
alphabetically by city or by state. You can then move through the list using the arrow keys on the
keyboard until the appropriate city is highlighted. Then click the "OK" button.
#'.' iv, ate
Once you have selected soil type and the nearest climate center, the model can estimate the
infiltration rates for each of two standard liner scenarios (no liner/in-situ soil and single liner) for
your WMU site. The resulting values are listed in the table at the bottom of the infiltration tab.
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If you click on the "No, I do not have a site-specific infiltration rate" option button, the tab will
appear like this for an evaluation of a surface impoundment:
f ff t £
In order for the model to calculate an infiltration rate for a surface impoundment, you must select
the soil type whichls beneath the impoundment and type in the ponding depth. This value is the
average depth of liquid wjiich is]presentin the impoundment. The default value for the ponding
depth is the median value from OS W^survey data. Once you have entered these data, click the
"Calculate" button to display the calculated infiltration rates in the text boxes at the bottom of the
screen,
The no-liner infiltration rate is calculated by assuming that there is two feet of sludge at the base
of the^surface impoundment which has a conductivity of 1 x 10"7 cm/sec. The single-clay-liner
infiltration rate is calculated by assuming that the clay liner consists of three feet of clay with a
* *> . . ,. .. ••tfHH&l .
conductivity of 1 xs£0 cm/sec.
*- /"X\^
The next three" tabs of the Tier 2 Data Input Screen contain waste constituent-specific data.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM
5.4.1.4 Tab 4: Chemical List
User Input: Select constituents expected in leachate using the following options:
• Search by Constituent Name or CAS#
• Sort by Constituent Name or CAS#
• Type of Constituent (Display Organics or Metals)
April 13,1999
The Chemical List tab for Tier 2 is identical to the Tier 1 Chemical List tab, and the options and!
r „ „ „„ _,_.__ ^ , ^ / IT ^if"
controls on this tab work exactly the same as the ones on the Tier 1 Chemical List tab. You caif
i ^ V #*• &• f
choose any of the 174 organic waste constituents and 16 metal species included in Tier 1 (see
Appendix A). (Refer to Section 5.3.1.2 for instructions on finding*and selecting waste
constituents.) However, unlike Tier 1, in Tier 2 you can add a constituent not in this list.
> X
*- «, K. j.f
How do I add a waste constituent? : s,tzy:; : <; ^,v
To add a new waste constituent, click on the "Add New Constituent" Suttbiti at the bottom of the
' .,' ",•.- ' • :<;.'•;•'•.•' I-;-'"-'«•' •:-• ;^ -XA*. WN.>I.;>.;.;O
Chemical List. The following text box will appear: viNi'fc
* R'
Now type in the information about your new chemical and click the "Add" button. Note that the
CAS Number must be entered and it must be a number that is not already in use by one of the
listed constituents. If a CAS Number is not available or you don't know what this number is for
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your constituent, any number can be used here, as long as it is a unique number. If you do not
enter a value for the KOC and decay coefficient (A), the default value of zero will be used for each
of these parameters.
5.4.1.5 Tab 5: Chemical Properties
Required User Input: Expected leachate concentration
Optional User Input (for organics): Organic carbon disjributioriscoefficient
First order decay |o^fKaent (A) (chemical hydrolysis
and/or bio-degradj^oj$l |,
Mdhjfene Chloride (DichloKmeHMnal[0.02
Antimony" iO.03
Tliie';prcj>e^ei|Vf6r'' each waste constituent are listed in a table at the top of the tab. If you
performed a Tier 1 evaluation immediately prior to performing a Tier 2 evaluation, the waste
constituents considered in Tier 1 can be imported to Tier 2 for your convenience. In this case,
the expected leachate concentrations will also be imported, however, this concentration can be
edited, if appropriate. For each constituent, default values are assigned for KOC (K,, for metals)
and the decay coefficient (See constituent list in Appendix A), however, you can change the
values of these parameters to site-specific values if site-specific data are available. The default
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decay coefficient represents degradation from chemical hydrolysis only, since biodegradation
rates are often strongly influenced by site-specific factors. You should only increase the default
decay coefficient if there is clear evidence of biodegradation occurring at a site.
If any of the selected waste constituents degrade to form toxic daughter products, these
constituents are automatically added to the table at the bottom of the tab. The concentration of a
toxic daughter product is determined by the concentration of its parent constituent, thus, the
expected leachate concentration of daughter products are not editable. The K^c and decay
coefficient of the daughter products are editable parameters.
*„
The Tier 2 Evaluation cannot be performed until the expected leachate
concentration is entered for each selected waste constituent.
Once your list of waste constituents and expected leachate concentrations is complete, click on
the Toxicity Reference Levels tab or the "Next" button to specify a standard to be used for each
of the selected constituents.
5.4.1.6 Tab 6: Toxicity Reference Levels (TRLs)
#!'• <•
User Input: Select one of the following toxicity reference levels for each waste constituent:
• Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)
• Health-Based Number (HBN)
• User-specified TKJu (this can be any value and is generally determined by your
state regulatory authority)
>'
Like the previous tab, this tab is divided into two sections: parent waste constituents (at the top)
and toxic daughter products (at the bottom). You can specify which TRL to use for both parent
and daughter constituents.
ii; si :;.»fiiM-h,y*>
°r " ',,,, '»!!»' '' ''!,' ''- „' „" '"'"IF,,,; fr ., ,,
II |. "'" .ff:" 'I'H.h ,"",11"!' ' 'In, ,"il||! ''I1 /' f
' Vs •••^•\ "'&''
--!;«tl»J"H •'"
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To Select the TRL for each constituent:
1) Click in the cell in the "Select Standard" column to reveal an arrow button
\ \
2) Click on the arrow button to activate the pull-down list
3) Select the appropriate TRL and hit the "Enter" key
Note: If you select a user-specified TRL for any waste constituents, be sure
to provide a brief explanation of this value in the "Justification" column.
\
^<
Vs, '•
\-v,
t f
/
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
5.4.1.7 Tab 7: Input Summary
April 13,1999
You cannot enter or edit data on the Input Summary tab, rather its purpose is to consolidate into
one place all the data you have entered for the Tier 2 evaluation. If you notice that you have
entered any data incorrectly, use the "Back" button or click on the tab name to go Sack to the
appropriate tab on the Tier 2 Data Entry Screen.
GteerebonxNC
ol Type Medun-gcahed so(tty loon)
AKXC 18500 sum
tied Zone TKcfcnetc 4.5 m
atonRetefmA*)
The input summary screen has three sectibns: 1) waste constituent-specific data, 2) source and
unsaturated zone data, and 3) saturateil'zone data. Each section has a scroll bar which can be
used to view information which doesn't fit on the screen.
'
?! ........ W'
The first section contains,^ table of the selected constituents, listing their CAS#, common name,
expecied leachate concentration, the type and value of the selected TRL, waste constituent
specific parameters (K^; Kj), and toxic daughter product, if applicable.
i in n in
Below this table, the selected values for the source and unsaturated zone parameters are detailed
in a text box on the left side of the screen. To the right, the selected values for the saturated zone
parameters are listed.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users* Guide for IWEM
How do I perform a Tier 2 Evaluation?
April 13,1999
After you have verified that all Tier 2 inputs are correct, click the "Next" button from the Input
Summary tab to perform the Tier 2 evaluation and display the results. ^
' ^'
In a Tier 2 evaluation, the model is queried for each constituent of concern using/the chosen
waste constituent-specific and site-specific inputs. Any toxic daughter products produced by
hydrolysis of the selected constituents are also evaluated, v x'' *„
Please note that the LCTVs for Tier 2 are determined by feeding your input values to the "
appropriate neural network. Although the neural networks are based on probabilistic EPACMTP
model runs (see Appendix A of the Technical Background Document for the details of neural
network training), only the most important EPACMTP input parameters are used as inputs to the
neural networks. Therefore, even if the Tier 2 input values are slrnilarjo the median values of
the distributions used in the Tier 1 modeling, the results from Tier 2 wilTbe different from the
Tier 1 results. For a given constituent, the DAF obtained in a Tier 2 analysis may be higher or
lower than the DAF obtained in a Tier 1 analysis. For instance, in a Tier 2 analysis for a given
constituent, if you use the default infiltration rates based on the geographic location of the
modeled facility, the Tier 2 results may be higher or lower than the Tier 1 results for that same
constituent. This difference will be in part due to the fact that in Tier 1, the infiltration rate is
varied over a nation-wide distribution,,whereas in Tier 2, the infiltration rate is constant.
The exact format of the liner recommendation for the Tier 2 evaluation is determined by which
option you chose to specify the infiltration rate (either a location-based estimate or a user-
specified value). But whichever infiltration option you choose, the results are divided into two
sets: summary results and detailed results.
The first set of results is a summary which reports liner recommendation for each constituent,
and the overall liner recommendation based on all input expected leachate concentrations.
The second set of results, the detailed results, present all the data upon which the liner evaluation
is based. This data includes the waste constituent-specific parameters (KoC and decay
coefficient), expected leachate concentration, DAF value, specified TRL, and the resulting LCTV
value for each selected constituent. These detailed results allow you to understand how the
LCTV values were calculated and how the liner design recommendations were developed.
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5.4.2 Tier 2 Summary Results
The results of the Location-Adjusted Evaluation are first presented on-screen in summary form.
The Summary Results screen provides a liner recommendation for each of the select|d
constituents which are listed by name and CAS#. The recommendation is'based on a comparison
of the expected leachate concentration for that constituent to the calculated* Leacnate
Concentration Threshold Value (LCTV) using the specified l|?|i.
If you used a location-based
estimate of the infiltration rate,
the liner recommendation is
the minimum recommended
liner of the two types that are
evaluated (no liner/in-situ soil,
and single clay liner).
If you have entered an
infiltration rate, then the liner
recommendation is whether J
or not the modeled liner type
is recommended as being
protective of groundwater.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM
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The bottom of the screen displays an overall liner recommendation which is based on
considerations of all input constituents.
What does the colored text mean?
For a Tier 2 evaluation, results for which no liner is recommended are dj^|||efrin green text.
Results for which a single liner is recommended are displayed in^blue fe^ipRWtilts for which a
° .... ._. . &•
ingle liner is not recommended as being protective of ground water are
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users* Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Detailed results for the
landfill single-liner
scenario
H
The results table for each liner type presents all data on which the liner recommendation is based.
This information includes the CAS#, waste constituent name, TEL type and value (mg/L), the
expected leachate concentration (mg/L), the Leachate Concentration Threshold Value (LCTV),
and text explaining whether or not the liner is recommended as being protective of groundwater.
If the expected leachate concentrations for all constituents are lower than the no-liner LCTVs,
then the no liner scenario is recomtnended as being sufficiently protective of ground water. If
.•:.,.,, .':,'.. "i ..; :•.*,»', i-Sl, -V, *° J f a
any constituent is higher than the no-liner LCTV, then at least a single clay liner is
recommended. if|he expected l|acS^ concentration for any constituent is higher than the
single-liner LCTV, theti consider ^pcpatibn prevention, treatment, and more protective liner
designs, as well as consultation between regulators, the public, and industry to ensure such
wastes are protectively managed. See part IV of the Guidance for further discussion.
For waste streams with multiple constituents, the most protective liner specified for any one
constituent is the overall recommended liner design.
" ' ,*if ^
,
(SI;.*?
jiff
V
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users* Guide for IWEM
5.4.4 Tier 2 Detailed Results for User-Specified Infiltration Rate
April 13,1999
If you directly enter a value for infiltration (for any of the four types of WMUs), the entered
leachate concentrations are compared to the LCTV calculated for this scenario. Thjpesults
report whether the given scenario is recommended as being sufficiently p^|tecti^^oi the ground
water.
r.'T.otm ' •—•—•«•—-•"•--.i.........—.^ ...-...„.
The results table,presents all data on wWchlWmerSrecommendation is based. This information
* < >X -^"J^ ''4-f'j^'^Sf^i"
includes the CAS#, waste constituent name, TRL type and value (mg/L), the expected leachate
concentration (mg/L|, the Leachate Concentration Threshold Value (LCTV), and text explaining
whether or not tbejinef is recommended as being protective of groundwater.
** X s Cf
Clicking on the "Next" button brings you to the Tier 2 Evaluation Summary screen.
j
i j
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
5.4.5 Tier 2 Evaluation Summary
April 13,1999
The Location-Adjusted Evaluation Summary Screen identifies the overall Tier 2 liner
recommendations and gives instructions on how to exit the program or go back to tht^Tier 1 or
Tier 2 evaluation.
The toea&on-Aciijried Evouaocn roccmnenas the folovwn design:
bu may choose to print the results and exit this program. You may also return to the beginning of the National Evaluation or the
cation-Adjusted Evaluation, oryou may conduct your own site specific assessment
After reviewing your Tier 2 results on-screen, you have four options to continue within the
IWEM software:
, • ji* "i **
• Go back to the previous screens of the Tier 2 results by clicking on the "Back" button,
' • Go to the beginning of the Tier 1 Evaluation by clicking the "National Evaluation"
f button,
, • Go to the beginning of the Tier 2 Evaluation by clicking the "Location-Adjusted
. * Evaluation" button, or
• VieWj the Tier 2 report by clicking the "Report" button.
At this point, you can also choose to exit the IWEM software or conduct a Tier 3 Evaluation
using another groundwater fate and transport model. For more information about Tier 3
Evaluations, see the "Assessing Risk" section of Chapter 7 ("Protecting Ground Water") in the
Guidance.
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How do I view and print the Tier 2 Report?
Clicking on the "Report" button in the Tier 2 Recommendation screen displays the Tier 2 report
on-screen. You can then view the report or choose one of the following options: *^
N S V
Print the report; the "Print" dialog box then appears, where you can
adjust printer setting or choose to print selected pages.,,
Save the report to a file; a dialog box then appears where you can^ "
specify the file type, and then select the file name and directory. The
file types in this list are dependent upon what software you have
installed on your PC, but not all of these options are currently
functional. Most users will find that the option for Word for Windows
works, however, some minor formatting in^ord may be required to
produce a document-ready report. > '
-••>'_'/"•> v r
View the next page of the report
View the previous page of the report
, ~ Tier 2 Report Includes:
1) Listof selected waste constituent(s) and constituent specific-values, including
Jfrany toxic daughter products
|2) Input value and justification for each location parameter
% '*'*
J3) Minimum liner requirement based the selected TRL for each waste constituent
•%<&. -^ •-*
urcalculate the LCTV for each liner
Please note that an example Tier 2 report is included in this Users' Guide in Appendix B.
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How do I save the input and results of the Tier 2 evaluation?
There are several ways to save the Tier 2 evaluation input:
>. y^"
• Click on the "File" menu and choose "Save" or "Save As." A dialog box will then
open which prompts you for the file name and directory locatipn^aslappropriate. You
can choose any filename you want, but you must use the file extension "wem" in
order to later open a saved evaluation. Please notelhat you cannot: save any files to Jjj'
the cd-rom, so you must specify a directory on your hard-drive or a floppy disk ^J
location to which the file should be saved. »\\ * " "
" ' "
Click on the "Save" button on the toolbar. If you are editing a previously saved
evaluation, the file will be automatically updated, ffyou have created a new
evaluation, the "Save As" dialog box will open, as described above.
• Click on the "Cancel" button in the very top right corner of the screen. (The "Cancel"
button is the one with the "X" on it.)
k *
**> •**• A
If you forget to save before trying to exit the IWEM software, a dialog box will pop up, asking if
you want to save before exiting the software.
How do I exit the IWEM software?
1, 't ^ '>*. .,_,i
You can exit the IWEM software by clicking on the "File" menu, and choosing "Exit".
Y ^ v
You can also click on the exit button on the tool bar to exit the IWEM software.
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6.0 PROBLEM SOLVING
Win 3.x users and anyone with a technical question about installing or running the software
should contact:
Virginia Colten-Bradley (US EPA Office of Solid Waste,
phone: 703-308-8613
fax: 703-308-0509 m
email: COLTEN-BRADLEY.VIRGEm@EPAMAfilEPA.Gj?
6.1 Installation
jn tf •>
f xt /
Networked PCs - ^ >-
If you are experiencing difficulties installing and are linked to a network^version of Microsoft
Windows™, it may be necessary to use your local version of MS Windows™. Check with your
local network administrator to determine the best option for installation.
jjjjj? £#<^ ^ *
6.2 Running the Software /Sjfr
'/$> ^ ^- „ ^
If your monitor is set to use 256 or fewer colors, the toolbar icons and buttons may flicker. To
f J"^ "> 1 S ^ S "tS y- J
solve this problem, access JJiejdisplay/monitor^settings and increase the number of colors or use
the True Colors setting. "{-;-; '^/'c^
This program has been developedTon af|||-bit platform to allow Microsoft Windows™ 3.x users
to be able to use the software. HoweVeJp^ have noticed that on computers running MS
Windows™,95 or NTr&erefajppear toSe some conflicts between the IWEM software and
WordPerfect. For this rea|p^,,\ve,recornmend that users do not have both of these applications
open at the same time. ^-''•tt-'-'* '?
If you experience problems using the IWEM software (the software abruptly closes or displays an
error message), first try closing all other applications and attempt to repeat your analysis in
IWEM, If this doesn't help, then try re-booting your computer and try to repeat your analysis in
IWEMV If you stilltiave the same problem after re-booting your computer, please call Virginia
Colten-Bradley lor technical assistance (see Section 6.0. for contact information).
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7.0 SUPPORTING INFORMATION
7.1 Justification/Documentation of Location-Adjusted Input Values
While you are allowed to enter location-adjusted input parameter values, you will be required to
document and justify the source of the input parameter valuest
7.2 Guide for Industrial Waste Management
4, *> *
J~
Refer to the supporting documentation provided on the CD entitled Guide for Industrial Waste
Management (Guidance).
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
8.0 REFERENCES
April 13,1999
ABB Environmental Services, 1995. Estimation ofLeachate Rates from Industrial Waste
Management Facilities. August, 1995.
m
Bonaparte, R., J.P. Giroud, and B.A. Gross, 1989. Rates of Leakage trtt^majiii Liners,
Conference Proceedings, Vol. I, Geosynthetics '89 Conference|San Di^^p&February 23.
*
U.S. EPA, 1999a. Guide for Industrial Waste ManagemeMf Office pfeSol
DC. (EPA530-R-99-001) jj^ ^
U.S. EPA, 1999b. Technical Background Document for!ii^li^Mopment of a Two-Tiered
Approach for Evaluating WMU Liner Designs. Office of Washington, DC.
(EPA530-R-99-002) , ("^ « "?T
^ x *>•
U.S. EPA, 1997. EPACMTP User's Guide. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. (Docket*.
F-95-WHWP-FFFFF) ss - A ^
"' „* f,
U.S. EPA, 1996a. EPACMTP Background Document Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
(Docket* F-95-WHWP-FFFFF.) ,
U.S. EPA, 1996b. EPACMTP Background Document for the Finite Source Methodology.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. (Docket # F-95-WHWP-FFFFF.)
« v'
U.S. EPA, 1996c. EPACMTP Background Document for Metals. Volume 1: Methodology.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. (Docket # F-95-WHWP-FFFFF)
U.S. EPA, 1996d. Drinking Water Regulations and Health Advisories. Office of Water,
Washington, DC. ^October (EPA 822:B^96-002).
U.S. EPA> 1995a. Hazardous>Waste Identification Rule, Background Document for
Groundwater Pathway Results, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. (Docket # F-95-
WH^FFFFF) ^ >
/».
^, 1995b. Technical Support Document for the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule:
•Jjjman and Ecological Receptors, Volume 1. Office of Solid Waste,
t. (Docket*F-95-WHWP-FFFFF)
U.S?E|^|B993". Environmental Fate Constants for Organic Chemicals under Consideration for
EPA's Hazardous Waste Identification Projects. Compiled and edited by Heinz Kollig.
Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Athens, GA.
(Docket # F-95-WHWP-FFFFF)
U.S. EPA, 1990. Toxicity Characteristic Final Rule. 55 £R 11796. March 29, 1990.
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Appendix A
List of Waste Constituents and Default Values
4+
JMF
;, j;!;:,!ii!,i, "i;,j|,t,-,,,.. rfffii i
w (*«Bur
"
t^
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Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Ground Water Pathway
List of Waste Constituents
*•* ","'*.- ,,,•,,»"*' ,1. ' --,/»5S"'-J-s\ilf<.
;r:,;;-,V-y>vES^«?^
* -,-'7,,/~ ' :, -, - •'"' . ' -"• ,"-i»?" -«*-*?
a"* ^ ^r^J \4 * \sf"" -«*-i'' ^r A. ^-r^s- ;s't
. ;?vl,^,V" f "'-X-r'^VH^WS??:
" ri"f ^/"ColMteMm Nanae^.*"""", 1^
Acenaphthene
Acetone (2-propanone)
Acetonitrile (methyl cyanide)
Acetophenone
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Aldrin
Aniline (benzeneamine)
Benzene
Benzidine
Benzo[a]pyrenej ^
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzyl alcohol ~<, f
~ p~*
Benzyl chlonde x ^ * v?
Benz[a]anthracene
Bis(2-chlofpisopropyl)ether ^
Bis(2jtioroethyl)ether ff
'*ffip$3l £$%
Bj|t2|ethylhexyl)phthalate jjjp
Brorn(xlichloromethane _^^
'-s?i|;«««5»S?3S«*-
Butaiiol-*^-"
Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2-sec-
(Dinoseb)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Carbon tetrachloride
"" " ^ •^Is^V1^ *> ^ S
v^,-;\;f"k-?;
<,-?¥,-; v*»-i
•,:;'CASf;t^
83329
67641
75058
98862
107028
79061
107131
309002
62533
71432
92875
,50328
205992
100516"
100447
X56553"
39638329
^V>.v:yi.:;:-;X'i.v.^^
'$$$g&$y
f«pfl444
' '*Sv
117817
75274
74839
71363
88857
85687
56235
Health Efiett
; v/c= carC> ,:
^,NtJ=tibnic-'
^.i'carfc" • .'-;
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
C
C
C ••' '
C '
,c'
C /"
C
NC
NC
c >
C
C
C
C
C
NC
NC
NC
NC
C
,'V*vf-4V ,'4>
'-K't/'-^ti*
i. _ ' 3 J-
' "*"::5 •- -?t
€ee+oi
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
JLOe+00
1.0&HOQ
10«H-00
l.Oe+00
4,0e+03,
l.Oe+00
?1.2e+00
l.Oe+00
1.7e+03
1.7e+03
l.Oe+00
2.8e+00
5.8e+02
1.7e+00
l.Oe+00
3.6e+04
1.2e+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
1.3e+00
4.6e+01
1.7e+00
"%%yia$
&*•***
',Sfe^;
"-(yKV
X ^~<>tf !,
0.0e+p
d.Oe+Oti
8.2e-07
O.Oe+00
1.9e+08
v5-%m,
- 1 2e-04
•:0 Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
1.2e+02
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
6.7e-02
7.2e-10
7.9e-04
2.7e+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
4.8e-05
4.9e-03
'f;fV'%%-sV «VJ
,-iBDBH !;
*&&*
Xoe+OO
4!be+00"
^v*> > J&{
2.0e-0^
4.0e+00
7.0e-01
2.0e-05
2.0e-04
5.0e-06
l.Oe-02
3.0e-03
4.0e-07
l.Oe-05
7.1e-05
l.Oe+01
5.0e-04
7.76-05
l.Oe-03
S.Oe-05
6.0e-03
1.4e-03
5.0e-02
4.06+00
4.0e-02
7.0e+00
7.0e-04
P-C ^f^rt-s"* ,4 ,
£&i - ->Jf
'^^5
,;{B1^L);5
J
jfr
f
y
S.Oe-03
2.0e-04
6.06-03
8.0e-02
7.0e-03
S.Oe-03
A-l
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13.1999
Common Name
Carbon disulfide
Chlordane
Chloro- 1 ,3-butadiene
2-(Chloroprene)
Chloroaniline p-
Chlorobenzcne
Chlorobenzilate
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
Chlorophenol 2-
Chloropropene, 3- (Allyl
Chloride)
Chrysene
Crcsol m-
Cresol p-
Cresol o-
Cumene
DDD
DDE
DDT,p,p'-
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Diallate ....... ^-f^
Dibcnz[a4i]anthracene
Dibromo-3-chloropropanel ,2-
Dichlorobenzenel ,2-
Dichlorobenzenel ,4-
Dichlorobenzidine3,3-
CAS#
75150
57749
126998
106478
108907
510156
124481
67663
74873
95578
107051
218019
108394
106445
95487
98828.
72548
72559
,..'50293
84742
117840
2303164
53703
96128
95501
106467
91941
Health Effect
C-carc.
NC= non-
care.
NC
C
NC
NC
NC
C
C
C
C
NC
.NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
c"
C
C
NC
NC
C
C
C
NC
C
C
KOC
6.9e+01
7.8e+05
5.5e+01
4.1e+0l
3.8e+02
l.le+04,,
8.1e+01
3.8e+Ql
8-le+OO'
6.6e+01
1.4e+01
2.2e+05
5.8e+01
5.8e+01
5.8e+01
2.5e+03
7.8e+05
4.4e+06
3.9e+06
2.3e+04
4.0e+07
1.5e+04
3.3e+06
8.7e+01
1.2e+03
l.le+03
2.1e+03
* JR,
1.2e+00
2.1e+03
l.le+00
l.le+QO
2.0e+00
S.Oe+flir
1.2e+00.
l.le+00
l.Oe+00
1.2e+00
: l.Oe+00
5.8e+02
1.2e+00
1.26+00
1.2e+00
7.7e+00
2.1e+03
1.2e+04
l.Oe+04
6.3e+01
l.le+05
4.0e+01
8.8e+03
1.2e+00
4.2e+00
4.0e+00
6.6e+00
X
(yr-1)
4.9e-04
3.36-10"^
yO.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
1.76-03
3,8e-04
7,5e-05x'
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
1.2e+01
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
7.3e-03
O.Oe+00
1.7e-02
3.5e-05
9.0e-08
2.9e-02
O.Oe+00
2.9e-03
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
HBN ,
JragflW
4.0e+00
'7.0e-05
7-Oe-Ol
i.Oe-01
7.0e-01 .
3.0e-04
l.Oe-03.
l.Oe-02
6.6e-03
2.0e-01
1.8e+00
2.7e-03
2.0e+00
2.0e-01
2.0e+00
l.Oe+00
4.0e-04
3.06-04
3.0e-04
4.0e+00
7.06-01
l.Oe-03
l.le-05
6.0e-05
3.0e+00
4.0e-03
2.0e-04
„ MCL
(mg/L)
2.0e-03
/-"
V i>
, '
l.Oe-01
8.0e-02
8.0e-02
2.0e-04
6.06-01
7.5e-02
A-2
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
'' , *, ' "'" ' ' * '* XT
-~ , f , ' . >"«" ' '
/ , ' Common Name > -^
Dichlorodifluoromethane
(Freon 12)
Dichloroethane 1,1-
Dichloroethanel,2-
Dichloroethylene cis-1,2-
Dichloroethylene trans- 1,2-
Dichloroethylene 1,1-
(Vinylidene chloride)
Dichlorophenol 2,4-
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-(2,4-D)
Dichloropropane 1,2-
Dichloropropene cis-1,3-
Dichloropropene trans-1,3-
Dichloropropene 1,3-
(mixture of isomers)
Dieldrin
Diethyl phthalate /
Diethylstilbestrol
Dimethoate ^ ,
Dimethoxy^enzidine 3,3-
Dimethyl phthalate
Diawihylbenzidine 3,3 - J|>
Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene|f!
^ :;.;,.. ^
Dimethylphenol 2,4-
Dinitrbbenzene 1,3-
Dinitrophenol 2,4-
Dinitrotoluene 2,4-
Jinitrotoluene 2,6-
/
CAS#"
75718
75343
107062
156592
156605
75354
120832
94757
78875
10061015
10061026
542756
60571
84662
56531'
60515
119904
131113
119937
57976
105679
99650
51285
121142
606202
Health Effect
C =s care. -
NC = non-
care.
NC
C
C
NC
NC
C
NC
NC
C
C
C
C
C
NC
C
NC
C
NC
C
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
?
KOC '
1.5e+02
2.9e+01
1.4e-fOl-v
5.06+01"
4.0e+0l
6.2e+01
3.1e+02
4.8e+00
4-7e+Ol
6.3e+01
6.3e+01^
2,7e+01
1.2e+05
9.8e+01
1.2e+04
1.4e+00
3.1e+01
1.6e+01
3.6e+02
4.4e+06
2.0e+02
2.0e+01
8.1e-01
4.8e+01
2.5e+01
*, R :
1.4e+00
l,fe+00
l.Oe+00
l.le+00
l.le+00
L2e+00
1.8e+00:
l.Oe+00
l.le+00
1.2e+00
1.2e+00
l.le+00
3.2e+02
1.3e+00
3.4e+01
l.Oe+00
l.le+00
l.Oe+00
1.9e+00
1.2e+04
l.Se+00
l.le+00
l.Oe+00
l.le+00
l.le+00
X \
, X s
-(yr-1)
N
O.Oe+00
3.3e-03
2.8e-03
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
1.3e-02
1.2e+01
1.2e+01
O.Oe+00
1.8e-02
4.5e-03
O.Oe+00
5.7e-01
O.Oe+00
3.2e-02
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
OOe+00
HBN \
(mg^L)
7.0e+00
A 9.0e-04
,9.06-04
4.0e4n
7.0e-01
l.Oe-04
l.Oe-01
4.0e-01
l.Oe-03
5.0e-04
5.0e-04
5.0e-04
5.0e-06
3.0e+01
2.0e-08
7.0e-03
6.0e-03
4.0e+02
9.0e-06
3.0e-06
7.0e-01
4.0e-03
7.0e-02
7.0e-02
4.0e-02
MCL,
*(mg/L)'
5.0e-03 -
7.0e-02
- l.Oe-01
7.0e-03
5.0e-03
A-3
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
ulijii ',, ',' ». ! :" ,.,' • *' " > ", ' ui 'hi, jl''i' I
Common Name
Dioxane 1,4-
Diphenylamine
Disulfoton
Endosulfan
(Endosulfan I and II, mixture)
Endrin
Epichlorohydrin
Ethoxyethanol 2-
Ethyl methanesulfonate
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl methactylate
Ethyl ether
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene thiourea
Ethylene dibromide
(1,2-Dibromoethane)
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Formaldehyde , ;' , ,:::;';;;
Formic acid, • ' ,-
,,:*"..- v-.
Furan ,
HCH alpha- .?= :
.- \,. • ., <;n*«f
HCH beta- £?
HCH (Undane) gamnto- >*
» •'• • , : , : ,"'>:. •;•' '• ""'v''
Heptachlor _s"
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachloro-l,3-butadiene
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
CAS#
123911
122394
298044
115297
72208
106898
110805
62500
141786
97632
60297
100414:
96457
'••> 106934
206440
86737
.. .,. 50000
VJ64186
;iio1)09
319846
319857
58899
76448
1024573
87683
118741
77474
Health Effect
C scare.
NC = non-
care.
C
NC
NC
NC
NC
C
NC
C
NC
NC
NC
NC
C
C
NC
:J*m
;NC
NC
NC
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
NC
KOC
1.5e-01
2.0e+03
8.7e+02
3.6e+03
4.0e+04
3.0e-01
2.9e-01
5.4e-01
2,2e+00
1.9e+0l
3.6e+00
l.Oe+03
O.Oe+00
:2.6e+01
4.3e+04
8.1e+03
5.0e-02
2.0e-03
l.Oe+01
2.7e+03
2.7e+03
2.5e+03
1.6e+05
7.9e+04
2.9e+04
2.6e+05
5.3e+04
R '"
l.Oe+00
(6^3e+00
3.3e+00
l.Oe+01
l.le+02
l.Oe+00,
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00.
l.Oe+00
3.7e+00
l.Oe+00
l.le+00
l.le+02
2.3e+01
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
8.2e+00
8.26+00
7.7e+00
4.3e+02
2.1e+02
7.8e+01
6.9e+02
1.4e+02
" -X
(yr5)
0.0g*00
0,0e+0tf
6.7e-01
6.4e-01 '
1.6e-02
9.0e+00
O.Oe+00
3.6e+02
6,3e-02
1.9e-02
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
1.8e-01
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
S.le-01
O.Oe+00
3.1e-01
1.8e+01
1.8e-02
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
7.2e+00
_ /,
HBN
(mgflW
SlOe-OS
9.0e-01
LOe-03
2.0e-01 ,
l.Oe-02
9.0e-03
l.Oe+01
3.0e-07
3.0e+01
3.0e+00
7.0e+00
4.0e+00
7.26-04
l.Oe-06
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
7.0e+00
7.0e+01
4.0e-02
l.Oe-05
S.Oe-05
7.0e-05
2.0e-05
9.0e-06
l.Oe-03
5.0e-05
3.0e-01
MCL
(mgflL\,
2.0e-03
7.0e-01
5.0e-05
2.0e-04
4.0e-04
2.0e-04
l.Oe-03
5.0e-02
A-4
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
; - *- -;\'"*V
^ m *" * i "38, Ji **
4^ %*K _» ^
- ^ -™**ti5i*' '•" ~-
: Common Name
Hexachloroethane
Hexachlorophene
Indeno[l,2,3-cd]pyrene
Isobutyl alcohol
Isophorone
Kepone
Methacrylonitrile
Methanol
Methoxychlor
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl parathion
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methylcholanthrene 3-
Methylene Chloride
(Dichloromethane)
Methylene bromide
(Dibromomethane) "^
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine *
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine *
srv"
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine Jp
^ *?$£*
N-Nttrosopiperidine Jjj?
!- f
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
•^ f- $
N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamme
N-Nitroso-di-n-butylamine
Naphthalene
Nitrobenzene
s- ^ ->
•* *
• CAS# -'
67721
70304
193395
78831
78591
143500
126987
67561
72435
80626
108101
298000
78933
K 56495
75092
74953
86306
55185
62759
930552
100754
10595956
621647
924163
91203
98953
Health Effect r
C'=carc. V
NCiodnrT
carc."^ .,
C
NC
C
NC
C
C
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC ,
NC
NC
C
C
NC
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
NC
NC
•1
\j f -t,
-Kbc ' -
4.1e+03
l.Oe+05
1.8e+06
2.8e+OOJ
7.9e+01%
1.4e+o4
1.7e+00
8.3e-02
' 7.9e+04
5.5e+00
7.4e+00 ,
3.0e+02
9.3e-01
l.Oe+07
8.5e+00
1.6e+01
6.9e+02
9.3e-01
2.8e+00
2.7e-01
9.6e-01
l.le+01
l.le+01
1.2e+02
1.3e+03
3.2e+01
1
R '"""
f. f? v
1.2e+01
,2^6+02
"4^8e+03
l.Oe+00,
1.2e+00
,3.9e+01
I>.0e+o5,
l.Oe+OlO
2.1e+02
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
?1.8e+00
l.Oe+00
2.7e+04
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
2.8e+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
1.3e+00
4.4e+00
l.le+00
, x ~r
I'.CC^^
O.pe+OO
,0.0e+00r
O.Oe+OCT
vO.Oe+00^
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
1.2e-04
O.Qe+Op
-2.0e-df
_ 3.4e-02
O.Oe+00
8.1e-01
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
2.9e-04
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
~f f
&f
;KHBD{"
CmgflL)^
6Je-03
1i.0e-02
2.le-04
;i.0e+01x
j» <,
9.06-02;
2.06-06*
4.0e-03
2.0e+01
2.0e-01
3.0e+00
2-Oe+OO
9.0e-03
2.0e+01
3.0e-06
l.Oe-02
4.0e-01
2.0e-02
6.0e-07
2.0e-06
4.06-05
2.0e-06
4.0e-06
l.Oe-05
2.0e-05
l.Oe+00
2.0e-02
7 l
~*»
•McaD"'
^(mg/L)
/'
*'*'>/
* •'^sy *'•'
- <7
V"
4.0e-02
5.0e-03
A-5
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
' , ' . , 1' ' , 1, ' ',: " „' .
Common Name
Ocfamethyl pyrophosphoramide
Parathion (ethyl)
Pentachlorobenzene
Pcntachloronitrobenzene
(PCNB)
Pcntachlorophenol
Phenol
Phenyl mercuric acetate
Phenylenediamine, 1,3-
Phorate
Polychlorinated biphenyls
(Aroclors)
Pronamide
Pyrene
Pyridine
Safrole
Strychnine and salts
Styrene
TCDDioxin 2, 3, 7, 8-
Tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5- ;
Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2- .;-
Tetrachloroethane 1,1,1,2-
Tetrachloroethylene ,-• • /'
, *•-- . v .
Tctrachlorophenol 2,3,4i6-
Tetraethyl dlthlopyrophosphate
(Sulfotep)
Toluene
Toluencdiamine 2,4-
Toluidine p-
CAS#
152169
56382
608935
82688
87865
108952
62384
108452
298022
1336363
23950585
129000
110861
94597
57249
100425
1746016
A95943
:- 79345
630206
127184
58902
3689245
108883
95807
106490
Health Effect
C = carc.
NC = non-
care.
NC
NC
NC
C
c
NC
NC
NC „•:;•••
NC ;"••'•'
..C '•-.'" ,:.
NC
NC
NC
" :" .'--'' '-../•'
c "•'-"•"
'NC,
;NC;:>
c
NC
C
C
NC
NC
NC
NC
C
C
KOC
3.1e-01
1.4e+03
2.5e+05
3.7e+04
1.2e+03
1.7e+01
O.Oe+00
5;0e-01
4,4e+02
1.6e+06
4.3e+02:
8.3e-if04
"k2e+00
2.2e+02
7.9e+01
6.9e+02
1.3e+06
1.9e+04
1.2e+02
S.le+02
1.6e+02
2.1e+02
3.2e+03
2.7e+02
l.le+00
1.7e+01
R
l.Oe+00
'4.8e+00
6.5e+02
1.0e*02
X4.1e+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
:2.2e+00
4.1e+03
2.1e+00
2.2e+02
l.Oe+00
1.6e+00
1.2e+00
2.8e+00
3.3e+03
5.2e+01
1.3e+00
2.4e+00
1.46+00
1.66+00
9.6e+00
1.7e+00
l.Oe+00
l.Oe+00
A,
(yr-1) -
8<8e-05
7-le-O^ ,
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
'O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
1.8e+01
O.Oe+00
2.1e-05
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
2.2e-01
4.1e-03
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
2.4e+01
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
HBN
•{mg/L)
7.0e-02
2.06-01
3.06-02
3.0e-04
7.06-04
2.0e+01
2.8e-03
2.0e-01
7.0e-03
l.Oe-05
3.0e+00
l.Oe+00
4.0e-02
5.0e-04
l.Oe-02
7.0e+00
6.0e-10
l.Oe-02
4.0e-04
3.06-03
4.0e-01
l.Oe+00
2.0e-02
7.0e+00
3.0e-05
4.0e-04
MCL,
(mg/L)
s
l.Oe-03
5.0e-04
l.Oe-01
3.0e-08
5.0e-03
l.Oe+00
A-6
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
r^ - 'j *•*-..' % '~-"
* >T< "/ '-* " 7/>. *
. ' Common Name " ~ -~~
Toluidine o-
Toxaphene (chlorinated
camphenes)
Tribromomethane (Bromoform)
Trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoro- ethane
1,1,2-
Trichlorobenzene 1,2,4-
Trichloroethane 1,1,1-
Trichloroethane 1,1,2-
Trichloroethylene
(1,1 ,2-Trichloroethylene)
Trichlorofluoromethane
(Freonll)
Trichlorophenol 2,4,-
Trichlorophenol 2,4,6-
TrichlorophenoxjOpropionic
acid 2-(2,4,5-4|avex) ^
^Ki^iilt!^%, *®
Trichlorophefioxyacetje-acid
,, „ - F '''W^KWf*
2,4,5-
Trichloropropane
Trimtrobenzsn^^^^if
(1,3,5-TriniybSnzene) ~*tff!
4e# ^p
Tris (2,3;«dibromopropyl) \f;
phospliite ,||
,,-sip,, .. if
YMl?hlonde .-.tf
sKs:*!*^. ;^*"
«i^otal) .^
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Copper
» -*
(• j, „
;o^_ "
95534
8001352
75252
76131
120821
71556
79005
79016
75694
95954
88062
^-
-v93'765l
96'184,"
.,-'••-, ;•'" -''ff: '•-•-,?r:--
! "'1*26727
75014
1330207
7440360
7440382
7440393
7440417
7440439
7440508
Health Effect
JTOwnpi*---'
^cac,^ """
C
C
C
NC
NC
NC
C
C
NC
NC
"C
VJ*
NC * *"
NC
^Ntf^
NC
C
NC
NC
NC
C
NC
C
NC
NC
U-
~ KOC' ;
1.7e+01
2.0e+04
l.le+02
J
9.3e+02 *
9.1e+03
1.5e+02
5.4e+01
1^
We^+02, •*
^ VJ'V
1.3e+02^
8.5e+02 :
1.8e+GjF
P^
,
"5.5e+01
2.7e+01
4.6e+01
l.le+01
1.6e+03
l.le+01
l,2e+03
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
* ^C -
""•R. «•
l.Oe+OO
^5.5e+01
1.3e+00
35e+00
2.5e+01
t.4e+00
l.le+00^
13e+00
s
•>\> ^ v
1.^3e+00
3.3e+00
1.5e+00
l.le+00
l.le+00
l.le+00
l.Oe+OO
S.le+00
l.Oe+OO
4.2e+00
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.,
* A- V-"
-Ml/'
OOe+OO
<^
2.06-02"
1.4e-0f f
?
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
2.2e-01
g.Oe-04
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
5.0e-03
O.Oe+00
2.7e-02
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
^ -i "~ ^ ,
>
.^-3TON ,
"(n^L)
4.06-04
A-
f
X8 Oe-05
i.0ei02
/ •*> „
10e+03X
4.0e-01
1.2e+00
l.Oe-03
8.0e-03
l.Oe+01
4.0e+00
8.0e-03
S.Oe-01
4-Oe-Ol
2.0e-01
2.0e-03
9.0e-06
4.06-05
7.0e+01
1.4e-02
5.7e-05
3.0e+00
4.0e-03
2.0e-02
l.Oe+OO
/ > f j
""%* /
"MCLj,
(mg/lj"
3.0e-03
l.Oe-Ol"
^ «
?
7.0e-02
2.0e-01
5.0e-03
5.0e-03
2.0e-03
l.Oe+01
6.0e-03
S.Oe-02
2.0e+00
5.0e-03
A-7
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Common Name
Chromium III
Chromium VI
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
CAS#
16065381
7440473
7439921
7439976
7440020
7782492
7440224
7440280
7440622
7440666
Health Effect
C=carc.
NCss non-
care.
NC
NC
C
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
KOC
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA -
NA
NA
NA
R ~
NA
V:NA
NA
NA
NA '
NA\
NA
NA
NA '
NA
X ,
^{yr-1)
0.08*00
o.oe-t-oo
0.06400
^O.Oe+00 ,
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
O.Oe+00
j- S
O.Oe+00
A S.
HBN
(mgflL)
4.0e+01
"l.Se-Ol
1.5e-02
Ue-02
7,0e-01
1.8e-01
2.0e-01
O.Oe+00
3.0e-01
l.Oe+01
•)
l.Oe-01
2.0e-03
l.Oe-01
5.0e-02
2.0e-03
Abbreviations and Symbols
CAS# = Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number
C = Carcinogen " ^
NC = Non-carcinogen
_ .(/"''"V - . . __ .
KQC = Organic carbon partition coefficient
NA = Not Xpplicable
R = RetardaHon*C|>e|fi,ciient
"k = Fkst Order'Decay Rate (Only chemical hydrolysis is considered, since biodegradation rates can vary
widely from one(site to"anpttier.) " '
HBN = Health^Basel Number
MCL =
m Contaminant Level
A-8
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Appendix B
Sample Report^rom and Tie/2
-------
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
*6'" 11:23:45AM
National Evaluation (Tier I) Results
Recommendation: Single Liner
This model Is In draft form and Is not Intended to be used in current waste management decision-making.
All aspects of the model are undergoing peer review and public comment including :
1 ) The appropriateness of the Tier 2 model for a Location Adjusted analysis.
2) input values for sensitive parameters and liner scenarios.
3) Capabilities and user-friendliness of the model software.
FacUity Type
Facility Name
Street Address
City
State
Zip
Date of Sample Analysis
Name of User
Additional Information
Landfill
Southern Industries Landfill
123 Industrial Ave.
Raleigh
NC
27611
October 31,1998
Sam Rogers
unitB-1
List of chemicals selected by the user
:CASJ<'<. a^«*
Benzene
Methylene Chloride (Dichbroraethane)
Antimony
taachate Concentration , "V
l.OE-02
2.0E-02
3.0E-02
Minimum Liner Recommendation Based on MCL
71432
75092
7440360
Minimum Liner
Benzene
Methylene CHoride (DkUoromethane)
Antimony
Ho Liner
Single Liner
Single Liner
Minimum Liner Recommendation Based on HBN
71432
75092
7440360
"™ * '^ *" _.",_
rchnmtcal-llam*';
Benzene
Methylene Chbride (Dichloromethaw)
Antimony
Single Liner
No Liner
No Liner
B-l
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
In the following tables, for each constituent LCTV is calculated as DAF * TRL. If the groundwster concentration is exceedingly tow, no DAF is
given, but instead the DAF is denoted with an asterisk. In these cases, the LCTV is rapped at the LCTV of the toxic daughter product, the TC
Rob Level, or 1,000 rog/L. See the Guidance for more details.
Detailed ResuMs Based on MCL - No Liner
71432
75092
7440360
Benzene
Methvlene Chloride (Dichbromethane)
Antimony
Detailed Results Based on MCL - Single Liner
71432
75092
7440360
Benzene
Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane)
Antimony
eachate •;
1.0E4J2
2.0E-02
3.0&02
2.2E-Q2
2.4E-02
1.1E-01
4.5E-HW
4.8E-M30
1.9E401
0.005
0.005
0.006
Yes
Yes
Yes
Detailed Results Based on MCL - Composite Liner
71432
75092
7440360
Benzene
Methvlene Chloride (Dichloroine
Antimony
Laochato jy
Cone. (mg/L)
l.OE-02
2.0E-02
3JJEJ12
LCTV <>
(ma/L) <*
5.0E-01
IDE-HE
1.0E403
4.1E-405
4.7E408
0.005
0.005
0.006
Yes
Yes
Yes
Detaled Results Based on HBN - No Liner
71432
75092
7440360
Benzene
Methylene Chloride (Dichlorometr
Antimony
l.OE-02
2.0EJJ2
3.0E-02
0.003
0.01
0.014
Ho
Yes
Yes
Detafed Results Based on HBN - Single Liner
or 3
Benzene
Methvlene Chloride (Dichlonnnethane)
Antimonv
B-2
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Detailed Results Based on HBN - Composite Liner
71432
75092
7440360
Benzene
Methvlene Chloride (Dichlorometl
Antimony
l.OE-02
2.0E-02
3.0E-02
Yes
Yes
Yes
3 of 3
B-3
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management: Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Looatl°n Adjusted Evaluation (Tier II) Results
4/6199
U:\9-2SfM
I
Recommendation: Not Protective
This model Is In draft form and Is not Intended to be used In current waste management decision-making.
All aspects or the model are undergoing peer review and public comment including :
1) The appropriateness of the Tier 2 model for a Location Adjusted analysis
2) Input values for sensitive parameters and liner scenarios, and
3) Capabilities and user-friendliness of the model software.
FacStyType
Facility Name
Stint Address
City
State
Zip
Date of Sample Analysis
Name of User
Additxmal Infonruition
Landfill
Southern Industries
123 Industrial Ave.
RaMgJi
NC
27611
October 31,1998
SamRogen;
unftB-1
Location Parameters
Parameter
AreaofWMU(sq.ra)
Depth to Water Table (ra)
Atnnftr Thickness (m)
Radial distance to Well (m)
Default Value Value Entered
1.8E+04
ISE-KM
53E-HM
1.1E-+01
1JE-W2
45E-HH
1.0E401
1JE-MK
Groundwater pH Value (only if metals are 7.0E-HXJ
Justification
facility survey, 10/5/96
weU B-15, gauged 10/15/98
regional hydrogeologic map
value recommended by stats
regulatory agency
weUB-15, sampled 10/15/98
Infiltration Rate
33&01
3.6E-02
Chemical ToxIcHy Standards
Benzene
Methvkne Chbride (DiciilorometKane)
Xntiroonv
B-4
-------
Guide for Industrial Waste Management; Users' Guide for IWEM
April 13,1999
Daughter Chemical Toxfcity Standards
Methyfene Chloride
(DicWoromethsM)
Chemical Pronstties
71432
75092
7440360
Benzene
Methvfene Chloride (Dichloromethane)
Antimony
63EM1
8.SE-WO
3.2EHH
O.OE-KTO
2.9E4M
0.06*00
1.0&02
2.0E-02
3.0E-02
Daughter Chemical Properties
•o-i
MetKvfene Chloride (Dichbroroethane)
1.0E-HM
...MXSlBi
O.OE400
Detailed Results - No Liner
fp*
ical Name
Benzene
Methylene CUoride (Dick
Antimony
1.4B-WO
2.0E-WO
1.4E-HM
1.4E+00
""? „ -v
5.0E-01
JUCW
LCTVflHB/1.)
7.0E-03
95E-03
3.4E-03
l.OE-02
2.0E.02
3.0E-02
No
No
No
* For each Constituent LCTV = DAF * TRL
Unless the LCTV has been capped as noted by one of the following
D — LCTV Capped at Daughter Chemical LCTV.
T— LCTV Capped at TC Rule Level.
L- LCTV Capped at 1000 mg/L.
Detailed Results-- Single Liner
Benzene
Methyfene Chbnde (Die
Antimony
* For each Constituent LCTV = DAF * TRL
Unless the LCTV has been capped as noted by one of the following
D — LCTV Capped at Daughter Chemical LCTV.
T— LCTV Capped at TC Rule Level.
L— LCTV Capped at 1000 mg/L.
2 of 2
B-5
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