United States
             Environmental Protection
             Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5305)
EPA530-S-95-005
March 1995
&EPA      Executive Summary
             The Preliminary Biennial
             RCRA Hazardous Waste
             Report (Based on 1993 Data)
                                Reeyelcid/Recyelable
                                Printed on paper that contains at least 20 percent
                                posteon sumer fiber.        ^

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                                                                  Executive Summary
                             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

       The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with the
States,1 biennially collects information regarding the generation, management, and final
disposition of hazardous wastes regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act of 1976 (RCRA), as amended.  The purpose of this preliminary repoit is to
communicate the findings of EPA's 1993 Biennial Reporting System (BRS) data collection
efforts to the public, government agencies, and the regulated community,2 as well as to
allow an assessment of the quality and completeness of the data submissions on which the
report is based.  (For further discussion of data quality and completeness see page ES-7).
The preliminary report consists of five documents (a "State Summary Analysis" will be
included in the final report) :

       o     Executive Summary—an overview of national hazardous waste generation
             and management practices;
       o     National Analysis-a detailed look at waste handling practices in the EPA
             regions, the states and at the largest facilities in the nation, including
             quantities of generation, management, shipments and receipts, and interstate
             imports and exports, as well as counts of generators and managers;
       o     State Detail Analysis-a detailed look at each state's waste handling
             practices, including overall totals for generation, management, and shipments
             and receipts, as well as totals for the largest fifty facilities;
       o     List of Large Quantity Generators—identifies every hazardous waste generator
             in the United States that reported itself to be a large quantity generator in
             1993; and
       o     List of Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities-identifies every hazardous
             waste manager in the United States that reported itself to  be a treatment,
             storage or disposal facility in 1993.
   'The term "state" includes the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Navajo Nation, the Trust Territories, and the
Virgin Islands, in addition to the 50 United States.

   'While BRS respondents have submitted Confidential Business Information (CBI) pursuant to 40 CFR 260.2(b). none of
these data have been included in this preliminary report.                              i
                                         ES-1

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Preliminary Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report: Based on 1993 Data	
                  RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION

       In 19.93, 22,615 large quantity generators produced 235 million tons of hazardous
wastes regulated by RCRA-3  This is.a decrease of 811 generators and  70 million tons of
waste compared to 1991.  As identified in Exhibit. 1, the largest hazardous waste
generating states were Texas (67 million tons). New York (45 million tons), Louisiana (32
million tons), and Michigan (21 million tons). Together, these states accounted for 70% of
the national total.

       In comparing 1993 data with those of earlier reports, it is Important to note that
many new wastes were captured by RCRA in 1990 with  the promulgation of the Toxicity
Characteristic (TC) Rule. The TC Rule added 25 new hazardous waste  codes (D018-D043)
and required more stringent analytical  tests for the presence of toxic constituents in waste.
These codes captured, at a minimum,  76 million tons of wastes that were not regulated
before 1990.  An additional 41 million tons were described by DO 18-D043 mixed with
other waste codes. This suggests that the new toxicity characteristic wastes captured
between 76 and 117 million tons of wastes that were not included in the 1989 Biennial
Report, but were included in the  1993 report.

       Hazardous waste generators are included in "The  Preliminary Biennial RCRA
Hazardous Waste Report" if they identified themselves as large quantity generators. The
following are the federal criteria for being a large quantity generator:

       o     The generator generated in any single month 1,000 kg (2,200 Ibs. or  1.1
             tons) or more of RCRA hazardous waste; or

       o     The generator generated in any single month, or accumulated at any time,  1
             kg (2.2 Ibs) of RCRA acute hazardous waste; or

       o     The generator generated, or accumulated, at any time more than 100 kg
             (220 Ibs) of spill cleanup material contaminated with RCRA acute hazardous
             waste.
  'This quantity only includes waste managed in treatment units subject to RCRA permitting standards or transportation
regulations. Hazardous waste .managed in units exempt from RCRA permitting standards, such as treatment systems
permitted by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), is not included in this report.
                                        ES-2

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                                                               Executive Summary
      According to these criteria, a generator that reports more than 13.2 tons (12
months x 1.1 tons) of annual hazardous waste generation must be a large  quantity
generator, because the generator must have generated at least 1.1 tons in at least one
month. A generator that reports less than 13.2 tons in a year may not be  a large quantity
generator, because they may have generated less than 1.1 tons in every month.  Of the
22,615 generators that identified themselves as large quantity generators, there are
13,473 generators that generated more than  13.2 tons in 1993,7,570 that generated
between 1.1 and 13.2 tons, and 1,572 that generated less than 1.1 tons.
                              i                                  '
      It is important to note that the large quantity generators identified in this report have
been included on the basis of the best available and most current information provided
electronically to the EPA by the States. Both the EPA and the States have made significant
efforts to ensure the accuracy  of these data. However, the large quantity generator counts
may include some generators that met lower, state-defined thresholds for  large quantity
generators. The EPA and the States endeavor to control for variation iin state programs,
but it is not always possible to distinguish generators that the federal threshold determines
to be large quantity generators from generators that a state threshold determines to be
large  quantity generators.  The EPA and the States also endeavor to ensure that only
federally regulated wastes are  counted in the determination of federal large quantity
generators, but the large quantity generator counts may include generators that, when
determining whether they were large  quantity generators, counted wastes regulated only
by their states  or wastes that are exempt from  federal regulation.

                RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

       In 1993, 3,792 treatment, storage, or disposal facilities (TSDs) subject to RCRA
 permitting standards managed 211 million tons of hazardous waste.  This represents a 70
 facility decrease in the number of TSDs and an 84 million ton decrease in  the amount of
 waste managed as compared to 1991. As identified in Exhibit 2, the states managing the
 largest quantities of hazardous wastes were Texas (58 million tons),  Nlew York (45 million
 tons), Louisiana (31  million tons), and Michigan (21 million tons).  Togiether, these states
 accounted for  73% of the national management total.
                                         ES-3

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Preliminary Biennial. RCRA Hazardous Waste Report: Based on 1993 Data	
      The majority (69:7%) of the national total was managed in aqueous treatment units.
Ninety-seven (97) million tons were managed in aqueous organic treatment units, 7 million
tons in aqueous inorganic treatment units, and 43 million tons in both inorganic and
organic aqueous treatment units.,   .: .   •

      Land disposal accounts for 12.6% of the management total. Nationwide, 24 million
tons of hazardous wastes were disposed in underground injection wells, 1.6 million tons
were disposed in landfills, 275 thousand tons were managed in surface impoundments,
and 159 thousand tons were managed by land treatment (land farming).

      Recovery operations account for 1.6% of the national management total.  Facilities
reported that 858 thousand tons were managed in. solvent recovery units, 1.3 million tons
were managed in fuel blending units, 756 thousand tons were managed in metals recovery
units, and 501 thousand tons were recovered by other methods such as acid regeneration,
waste oil recovery, and non-solvent organic  recovery.

      Thermal treatment accounts for 1.7% of the national management total. A total of,
1.8 million tons were incinerated, while facilities reused  1.8 million tons as fuel in boilers or
industrial furnaces.                          ,

         RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE SHIPMENTS AND RECEIPTS

       In 1993, 22,665 shippers reported shipping a total of 20 million tons of hazardous
waste, of which 7 million tons were shipped interstate.  The states that shipped (in or out
of state)  the largest quantities of wastes were  Michigan (4.2 million tons), Texas (4.1
million tons), and Utah (2.4 million tons). The states that received the, largest quantities of
waste (from in or out of state) were Texas (1..3. million tons), California (981 thousand
tons), and Ohio (846 thousand tons).  The largest importers were Pennsylvania.(419
thousand tons), Ohio (418 thousand tons), and Indiana (340 thousand tons). The largest
exporters were Michigan (1.5 mijlion tons), California (1.2 million tons), and Texas (318
thousand tons);
                                       ES-4

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                                                                  Executive Summafv
Exhibit 1   Quantity of RCRA Hazardou* Waste Generated, and Number of'Hazardou* Watte Generators, by State; 1993

JSTATP -
O IM 1 B
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
GUAM
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NAVAJO NATION
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
PUERTO RICO
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
TRUST TERRITORY
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGIN ISLANDS
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY .

RANK
26
49
42
24
. 6
35
19
43
50
25
21

29 •'.
18
5
14
39
10
32
3
12
33
40
4
9
13
28
44
53
41
45
38
22
37
2
31
27
15
20
16
7
30
47
36
52
34
1
48
11
46
51
23
8

54
17 >
,' TOTAL •
TONS
GENERATED
672,333
5,520
46,681
794,801
7,995,598
358,220
1,163,083
25,075
4,626
710,483
921,076
NO DATA
492,494
1,255,849
12,492,414
1,751,572
158,908
3,144,665
398,258
31,683,346
2,418,472
386,618
109,716
21,013,620
5,993,221
1,882,053
528,458
11,271
245
90,471
10,759'
175,227
856,310
176,432
45,471,076
447,718
594,815
1,726,025
1,145,722
1,392,194
7,065,761
480,265
8,223
310,367 ,
767
369,348
66,747,138
6,045
2,874,915
8,337
2,049 ,
851,848
6,926,406
NO DATA
0
, 1,316,689
235,473,584

PERCENTAGE
0.3 •.
0.0
0.0
0.3
3.4
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.4
RECEIVED
0.2
0.5
5.3
0.7 i
0.1
1.3
0.2
13.5
1.0
0.2
O.O
8.9
2.5
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
.0.1
19.3 ,
0.2
0.3
0.7
0.5
0.6
3.0 ,
0.2 ,
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
28.3
0.0
1.2 r
0.0 .
0.0
0.4
2.9
RECEIVED
• o.o
0.6
100.0 '
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS

RANK
' 25
41
26
31
3
34
16
42
50
18
16
FROM
46
43
6
1O
27
24
15
22
33
12
13
8
23
30
19
43
51
37
38
32
1
43
2 -
11
49
4
28
29
7
• 35
40
20
48
;14
- 5
52
36
38
53
21
9
FROM
54
47

NUME1ER OF
GENERATORS
•• 292
76
224
162
1 ,784
130
438
71
15
412
438
STATE
40
59
1.237
683
196
297 :
472
347
149
559
527
778
300
1 63
399
* ' -, 59.:
9
96
32
1 53
2,468
' .. S9
2,033
623
16
1,518
192
136
1,139
109
77
387
-\ 24
517
1 ,298
3
107
32
2
3 79
723
STATE
O-
26 :
, 22,615

PERCENTAGE
" 1.3 -.'.
0.3
1.0
0.7
7.8
0.6
1.9
0.3
., 0.1
1.8
1.9

0.2
0.3
5.5
3.0
0.9
1.3
2.1
1.5.
0.7
2.5
2.3 ,
3.4 -
1.3
0.7
1.8
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.7
1O.9
0.3
9.0,,
2.8 ?
0.1 ;
6.7
0.8
0.8 ;
'5.0,
O.5 ;
0.3
.1.7-! : :.
0.1. - ,
2.3
5.7
„ 0.0
0.5
0.4
,0.0
1 .7
3,2 _ '..

b.o..'
0.1
V 100.0
Note:  Columns may not sum due to rounding.
                                         ES-5

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Preliminary Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report:  Based on  1993 Data
Exhibit 2   Quantity of RCRA Hazardous Waste Managed and Number of TSDc, by State, 1993

STATE
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
GUAM
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NAVAJO NATION
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
PUERTO RICO
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
TRUST TERRITORY
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGIN ISLANDS
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY'
RANK
24
51
39
13
3
26
36
43
52
31
17

47
18
5
11
29
10
27
3
46
38
40
4
9
12
22
44
52
37
34
41
19
28
2
25
20
13
14
21
6
30
49
15
52
23
1
42
32
45
SO
35
7

33
48
TOTAL
TONS
MANAGED
349,005
56
26.359
804,914
6,242,406
306,727
75,239
1.861
0
113,159
825,522
NO DATA
612
935,049
11.349.555
1.972,197
130,002
3,202,245
222,471
31,452,957
911
31,791
9,794
20,516,890
6,015,307
1,901,716
516,407
1,695
0
45,458
82.601
9,354
657,728
165.976
44,510,329
336,975
593.349
1,697.197
1,156,392
568.633
7,280,356
122,036
126
1,104,523
0
424,970
57,820,904
5,808
103,546
1,120
90
81.625
6,770,554
NO DATA
94,955
520
210,639,971
PERCENTAGE
O.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
' 3.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
RECEIVED
0.0
0.4
5.4
0.9
0.1
1.5
0.1
14.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.7
2.9
0.9
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.1
21.1
0.2
0.3
0.8
0.5
0.3
3.5
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.2
27.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
RECEIVED
0.0
0.0
100.O
TSD FACILITIES
RANK
20
39
30
34
4
29
18
45
52
15
17
FROM
48
43
7
9
26
18
23
16
22
3
30
8
20
35
10
43
54
36
47
38
2
37
11
14
45
6
25
40
11
23
40
33
50
28
5
51
30
42
52
13
1
FROM
27
49

NUMBER
50
12
27
24
244
28
54
8
1
72
58
STATE
6
9
133
103
34
54
42
67
45
285
27
132
50
22
88
9
0
19
7
13
397
16
81
73
8
136
40
11
81
42
11
25
3
30
233
2
27
10
1
74
731
STATE
32
5
3,792
PERCENTAGE
1.3
0.3
0.7
0.6
6.4
0.7
1.4
0.2
0.0
1.9
1.5

0.2
0.2
3.5
2.7
0.9
1.4
1.1
1.8
1.2
7.5
0.7
3.5
1.3
0.6
2.3
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.3
10.5
0.4
2.1
1.9
0.2
3.6
1.1
0.3
2.1
1.1
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.8
6.1
0.1
0.7
0.3
0.0
2.0
19.3

0.8
0.1
100.0
'Quantity managed only by storage is excluded.
Note:  Columns may not sum due to rounding.
                                         ES-6

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                                                                Executive Summary
                   DATA QUALITY AND COMPLETENESS

      The data presented in this report have been provided by States to their respective
EPA regional offices. In some cases; data were also collected by EPA Regional offices. •
When the data were transmitted to EPA Headquarters, the state or region that collected
the data provided an indication of how complete the'data.were-for.each state that was
being transmitted. Exhibit 3 lists the current level of completion for each state according
to one of the four categories described below.

1.    State believes data submission is complete.
             State has indicated that it provided all required data for ail handlers that were
      required to file the 1993 Biennial Report, including all LQGs and TSDs in the state.
      (Please note that sites claiming confidential business information have been    ;
      excluded from all volumes of this report.)
                                       '••.;''.             '. I              .
2.    State believes data submission is incomplete.              !                    '
             State has indicated that its data omitted handlers that were required to file
      the 1993 Biennial Report.  Data for these states will probably change when a full
      submission is received for the state.

3.    No data received from state.
                                                                            .
             State has not provided any data to EPAr
                                                         •     i."                •
4.    Data translation error has occurred.
             The data submitted appear to contain a  systematic data error.
                                        ES-7

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Preliminary Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report:  Based on  1993 Data

Exhlbh 3    Statu* of Stata data •ubmisfion*, 1993
                    STATE
             ALABAMA
             ALASKA
             ARIZONA
             ARKANSAS
             CALIFORNIA
             COLORADO
             CONNECTICUT
             DELAWARE
             DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
             FLORIDA
             GEORGIA
             GUAM
             HAWAII
             IDAHO
             ILLINOIS
             INDIANA
             IOWA
             KANSAS
             KENTUCKY
             LOUISIANA
             MAINE
             MARYLAND
             MASSACHUSETTS
             MICHIGAN
             MINNESOTA
             MISSISSIPPI
             MISSOURI
             MONTANA
             NAVAJO NATION
             NEBRASKA
             NEVADA
             NEW HAMPSHIRE
             NEW JERSEY
             NEW MEXICO
             NEW YORK
             NORTH CAROLINA
             NORTH DAKOTA
             OHIO
             OKLAHOMA
             OREGON
             PENNSYLVANIA
             PUERTO RICO
             RHODE ISLAND
             SOUTH CAROLINA
             SOUTH DAKOTA
             TENNESSEE
             TEXAS
             TRUST TERRITORY
             UTAH
             VERMONT
             VIRGIN ISLANDS
             VIRGINIA
             WASHINGTON
             WEST VIRGINIA
             WISCONSIN
             WYOMING
                                          STATUS OF STATE DATA SUBMISSION
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS INCOMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS INCOMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
NO DATA RECEIVED FROM STATE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS INCOMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS INCOMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS INCOMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS INCOMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS INCOMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS INCOMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS INCOMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
NO DATA RECEIVED FROM STATE.
DATA TRANSLATION ERROR HAS OCCURRED.
STATE BELIEVES DATA SUBMISSION IS COMPLETE.
                                             ES-8

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