United States
             Environmental Protection
             Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5305)
EPA530-S-95-039
August 1995
&EPA      Executive Summary
     «,%«     The National Biennial
    *        RCRA Hazardous Waste
             Report (Based on 1993 Data)
                                   Recycled/Recyclable       ^
                                   Printed on paper that contains at least 20 percjjr''"'
                                   Dostconsumer fiber.

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                                                                  Executive Summary
                             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

       The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with the
States,1 biennially collects information regarding the generation, management, and final
disposition of hazardous wastes regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act of 1976 (RCRA), as amended.  The purpose of this report is to communicate the
findings of EPA's 1993 Biennial Reporting System (BRS) data collection efforts to the
public, government agencies, and the regulated community.2 The report consists of six
documents:

       o     Executive Summary—an overview of national hazardous waste generation
             and management practices;
       o     National Analysis—a detailed look at waste handling practices in the EPA
             Regions, the States and  at the largest facilities in the nation, including
             quantities of generation, management, shipments and receipts, and interstate
             imports and exports,  as well as counts of generators and managers;
       o     State Summary Analysis—two page overviews of the generation and
             management practices of individual States;
       o     State Detail Analysis-a detailed look at each State's waste handling
             practices, including overall totals for generation, management, and shipments
             and receipts, as well as totals for the largest fifty facilities;
       o     List of  Large Quantity Generators—identifies every hazardous waste generator
             in the United States that reported itself to be a large quantity generator in
             1993; and
       o     List of Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities—identifies every hazardous
             waste manager in the United States that reported itself to be a treatment,
             storage or disposal facility in 1993.
   ^he term "State" includes the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Navajo Nation, the Trust Territories, and the
Virgin Islands, in addition to the 50 United States.

   2Some respondents have submitted Confidential Business Information (CBI) pursuant to 40 CFR 260.2(b). While not
included in any public BRS database, CBI has been incorporated into this report wherever possible. Where CBI has been
omitted to preserve confidentiality, a footnote has been provided.
                                         ES-1

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 National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report: Based on 1993 Data	
                 RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION

       In 1993, 24,362 large quantity generators produced 258 million tons of hazardous
 wastes regulated by RCRA.3  This is an increase of 936 generators and a decrease of 47
 million tons of waste compared to 1991.  As identified in Exhibit 1, the largest hazardous
 waste generating States were Texas  (63 million tons), Tennessee (34 million tons),
 Louisiana (32 million tons), Michigan  (21 million tons), and New Jersey (18 million tons).
 Together, these States accounted for 65% of the national total.

       In comparing 1993 data with those of earlier reports, it is important to note that
 many new wastes were captured by RCRA in 1990 with the promulgation of the Toxicity
 Characteristic (TC) Rule. The TC Rule added 25 new hazardous waste codes (D018-D043)
 and required more stringent analytical tests  for the presence of toxic constituents  in waste.
 These codes captured, at a minimum, 91 million tons of wastes not regulated before 1990.
 An additional 44 million tons were described by D018-D043 mixed with other waste
 codes.  This suggests that, in 1993, the new toxicity characteristic wastes captured as
 much as 135 million tons of wastes not regulated before 1990. This compares to 162
 million tons in 1991.

       Hazardous waste generators are included in "The National Biennial RCRA Hazardous
 Waste Report"  if they identified themselves  as  large quantity generators.  A generator is a
 large quantity generator if it met the following federal criteria:

       o     The generator generated in any single month 1,000 kg (2,200 Ibs. or 1.1
             tons) or more of RCRA hazardous waste; or

       o     The generator generated in any single month, or accumulated at any time,  1
             kg (2.2 Ibs) of RCRA acute hazardous waste; or

       o     The generator generated, or accumulated, at any time more than 100 kg
             (220 Ibs)  of spill cleanup material contaminated with RCRA  acute hazardous
             waste.
  'This quantity only includes waste managed in treatment units subject to RCRA permitting standards or transportation
regulations. Hazardous waste managed in units exempt from RCRA permitting standards, such as treatment systems
permitted by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), is not included in this report.
                                        ES-2

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                                                                Executive Summary
       It is important to note that the large quantity generators identified in this report have
been included on the basis of the best available and most current information provided
electronically to the EPA by the States. Both the EPA and the States have made significant
efforts to ensure the accuracy  of these data.  However, the large quantity generator counts
may include  some generators that met lower, State-defined thresholds for large quantity
generators.  The EPA and the States endeavor to control for variation in State programs,
but it  is not always possible to distinguish generators that the federal threshold determines
to be  large quantity generators from generators that a State threshold determines to be
large quantity generators.  The EPA and the States also endeavor to ensure that only
federally regulated wastes are  counted in the determination of federal large quantity
generators, but the large quantity generator counts may include generators that, when
determining whether they were large quantity generators, counted wastes regulated only
by their States or wastes that are exempt from federal regulation.

       Because of differences between state and federal criteria for large quantity
generators and because large quantity generator status is based  on monthly generation
amounts but the amount reported is for the report year, EPA separated those generators
that reported as large quantity  generators into three categories for data quality purposes:

       o     Generators reporting  13.2 or more tons of RCRA hazardous waste
             generation.

             A generator that reports more than 13.2 tons (12 months x 1.1 tons) of
             annual hazardous waste generation must be a large quantity generator,
             because the generator must have generated at least 1.1 tons in at least one
             month.

       o     Generators reporting  1.1 or more tons but less than 13.2 tons of RCRA
             hazardous waste generation.

             A generator that reports less than 13.2 tons in a year may not be a large
             quantity generator, because they may have generated less than 1.1 tons in
             every month.
                                        ES-3

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 National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report: Based on 1993 Data	
       o     Generators reporting less than 1.1 tons of RCRA hazardous waste
             generation.

             A generator that reports less than 1.1 tons in a year is not a large quantity
             generator, because they did not generate 1.1 tons in any month.

       Of the 24,362 generators that identified themselves as large quantity generators,
 there are 14,284 generators that generated more than 13.2 tons in 1993, 8,050 that
 generated between 1.1 and 13.2 tons, and 2,027 that generated less than 1.1 tons.  5.8
 million tons of RCRA acute hazardous waste was generated by 2,077 of the 24,362 large
 quantity generators.

                RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

       In 1993, 2,584 treatment, storage, or disposal facilities (TSDs) subject to RCRA
 permitting standards managed 235 million tons of hazardous waste. This represents a
 1,278 facility decrease in the number of TSDs and a 60 million ton decrease in the amount
 of waste managed as compared to 1991.  As identified in Exhibit 2, the States managing
 the largest quantities of hazardous wastes were Texas (53 million tons), Tennessee (34
 million tons), Louisiana (31 million tons), Michigan (21 million tons), and New Jersey (18
 million tons).  Together, these States accounted for 67% of the national management total.

       Ninety-four (94) percent of the national management total was wastewater
 management (i.e., management in aqueous treatment units, neutralization tanks,
 underground injection wells, or other wastewater management systems).  The majority
 (70.6%) of the national total was managed in aqueous treatment units.  One hundred and
 three (103) million tons were managed in aqueous organic treatment units, 6 million tons in
 aqueous inorganic treatment units, and 57 million tons in both inorganic and organic
 aqueous treatment units.

       Land disposal accounts for 11.6% of the management total.  Nationwide, 24 million
tons of hazardous wastes were disposed in underground injection wells, 2 million tons
were disposed in landfills, 276 thousand tons were managed in surface impoundments,
and 159 thousand tons were managed by land treatment (land farming).
                                      ES-4

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                                                              Executive Summary
      Recovery operations account for 3.5% of the national management total. Facilities
reported that 5.6 million tons were recovered by other methods such as acid regeneration,
waste oil recovery, and non-solvent organic recovery, 1.3 million tons were managed in
fuel blending units, 673 thousand tons were managed in solvent recovery units,  and 523
thousand tons were managed in metals recovery units.

      Thermal treatment accounts for  1.6% of the national management total.  A total of
2 million tons were incinerated, while facilities reused 1.7 million tons as fuel in boilers or
industrial furnaces.

        RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE SHIPMENTS AND RECEIPTS

      In 1993, 23,964 shippers reported shipping a total of 17 million tons of hazardous
waste, of which 7 million tons were shipped interstate.  This is a decrease  of 36 shippers
and an increase of 4 million tons of waste compared to 1991.  The States that shipped (in
or out of State) the largest quantities of wastes were Michigan (4.2 million tons), Texas
(3.4 million tons), and California (1.7 million tons).  The States that received the largest
quantities of waste, from both in or out of State, were California (1.4 million tons), Texas
(860 thousand tons) and Ohio (857 thousand tons). The largest importers of waste were
Ohio (423 thousand tons),  Indiana (340 thousand tons), and Louisiana (326 thousand
tons). The largest exporters were Michigan (1.5 million tons), California (1.2 million tons),
and Texas (306 thousand tons).
                                        ES-5

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 National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report: Based on 1993 Data	




 Exhibit 1    Quantity of RCRA Hazardous Waste Generated, and Number of Hazardous Waste Generators, by State, 1993

STATE


ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
GUAM
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS •
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NAVAJO NATION
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
PUERTO RICO
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
TRUST TERRITORIES
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGIN ISLANDS
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING


RANK
2o
50
41
25
7
23
21
42
55
34
24
51
53
20
8
14
37
12
31
3
47
33
36
4
11
13
28
44
56
40
45
43
5
35
16
30
27
15
22
17
9
18
46
32
54
2
1
49
38
48
52
39
6
10
29
19
TONS
GENERATED
7/9,645
5,534
46,913
794,801
14,055,553
1,079,332
1,169,205
22,173
628
213,888
921,076
2,453
1,774
1,255,865
12,494,369
. 1,751,572
158,908
3,144,665
397,488
31,715,905
8,651
308,621
1 63,037
21,014,255
5,993,221
1,882,053
528,922
11,282
245
90,471
10,773
1 7,249
1 7,977,002
1 76,409
1,498,421
447,718
594,815
1,739,928
1,145,732
1,392,152
9,441,256
1,373,639
10,169
310,399
767
33,937,638
63,435,688
6,045
104,623
8,337
2,049
96,850
14,397,985
8,471,643
522,523
1,316,689

PERCENTAGE
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
5.4
0.4
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.5
4.8
0.7
0.1
1.2
0.2
12.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
8.1
2.3
0.7
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
0.1
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.7
0.4
0.5
3.7
0.5
0.0
0.1
0.0
13.1
24.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.6
3.3
0.2
0.5
TOTAL 258,449,001 100.0
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS

RANK
26
43
27
32
3
35
17
44
52
18
18
53
48
47
6
10
28
25
16
23
34
14
13
8
24
31
20
45
54
40
41
33
1
45
2
11
51
4
29
30
7
36
39
21
50
15
5
55
37
41
56
22
9
37
12
49

NUMBER OF
GENERATORS
295
75
233
162
1,872
146
441
71
15
438
438
14
44
57
1,238
683
196
297
472
347
148
566
569
789
300
163
415 •
60
9
96
82
158
3,120
60
2,036
623
16
1,524
193
184
1,215
109
102
388
24
518
1,286
3
106
82
2
379
766
106
605
26
24,362

PERCENTAGE
1.2
0.3
1.0
0.7
7.7
0.6
1.8
0.3
0.1
1.8
1.8
0.1
0.2
0.2
5.1
2.8
0.8
1.2
1.9
1.4
0.6
2.3
2.3
3.2
1.2
0.7
1.7
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.6
12.8
0.2
8.4
2.6
0.1
6.3
0.8
0.8
5.0
0.4
0.4
1.6
0.1
2.1
5.3
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.0
1.6
3.1
0.4
2.5
0 1
100.0
Note: Columns may not sum due to rounding.
                                       ES-6

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                                                                      Executive Summary
 Exhibit 2   Quantity of RCRA Hazardous Waste Managed and Number of TSDs, by State, 1993

STATE


ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
GUAM
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NAVAJO NATION
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
PUERTO RICO
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
TRUST TERRITORIES
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGIN ISLANDS
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY1

RANK
26
51
41
22
6
23
36
44
52
32
21
52
48
20
7
13
33
12
29
3
47
30
39
4
11
14
27
45
52
40
37
52
5
31
19
28
24
15
18
25
9
16
42
17
52
2
1
43
34
46
50
38
8
10
35
49
TONS
MANAGED
544/602
55
32,681
804,914
12,899,741
743,526
87,080
1,857
0
134,387
825,522
0
591
935,049
1 1 ,446,050
1,972,197
1 30,002
3,202,245
221,701
31,468,974
908
1 66,232
45,607
20,686,504
6,01 5,307
1,901,716
516,407
1,695
0
45,458
82,601
0
17,557,748
165,968
1,057,801
336,975
593,349
1,697,197
1,156,392
568,633
9,215,329
1,338,211
11,118
1,184,248
0
33,996,659
52,506,535
5,808
103,495
994
90
81,550
10,159,540
8,238,991
94,955
520

PERCENTAGE
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
5.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
4.9
0.8
0.1
1.4
0.1
13.4
0.0
0.1
0.0
8.8
2.6
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.7
0.5
0.2
3.9
0.6
0.0
0.5
0.0
14.5
22.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.3
3.5
0.0
0.0
TSD FACILITIES

RANK
19
43
24
34
1
24
16
43
54
12
15
51
47
41
5
7
23
17
20
13
32
30
24
4
18
36
8
41
56
37
43
51
3
39
9
11
43
6
28
40
9
20
37
32
50
28
2
51
31
48
54
14
22
35
24
48

NUMBER
49
8
32
24
253
32
56
8
1
68
58
2
6
9
134
103
34
54
42
67
25
27
32
136
50
22
91
9
0
19
8
2
158
15
82
73
8
117
31
11
81
42
19
25
3
31
234
2
26
5
1
59
40
23
32
. 5

PERCENTAGE
1.9
0.3
1.2
0.9
9.7
1.2
2.2
0.3
0.0
2.6
2.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
5.2
4.0
1.3
2.1
1.6
2.6
1.0
1.0
1.2
5.3
1.9
0.9
3.5
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.3
0.1
6.1
0.6
3.1
2.8
0.3
4.5
1.2
0.4
3.1
1.6
0.7
1.0
0.1
1.2
9.1
0.1
1.0
0.2
0.0
2.3
1.5
0.9
1.2
0.2
TOTAL 234,864,033 100.0 2,584 100.0
'Quantity managed only by storage is excluded.



Note: Columns may not sum due to rounding.
                                           ES-7

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