Vehicle Maintenance Industry Overview If your business is in the vehicle maintenance category, then the products you use on the vehicles and on your equipment, tools, hands, or floor might contain hazardous materials, and the waste generated by using these products might be hazardous waste. If you generate hazardous waste, you might be subject to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements covering the generation, transportation, and management of haz- ardous waste. Your business is classified under vehicle maintenance if you repair or maintain: • Vans • Trucks • Vehicle Fleets • Heavy equipment • Farm equipment. Vehicle maintenance operations that might generate hazardous waste include: • Removing oil or grease • Removing rust, dirt, or paint • Repairing or rebuilding • Refinishing or restoring • Painting • Replacing lead-acid batteries. Hazardous Wastes from Vehicle Maintenance Everyday mechanics and body repair personnel use products containing hazardous materials. Products containing materials that are hazardous to human health and the environment include: Waste that is generated as a result of using these products might be RCRA-regulated hazardous waste. Table 1 lists typical processes/operations that use products that might contain hazardous materials and that probably generate haz- ardous waste. If you generate 100 kilograms (220 pounds or about half of a 55-galJon drum) or more of hazardous waste per month, you must fill out a Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest when you ship hazardous waste off your property. The Manifest requires the proper Department of Transportation (DOT) description for each waste. Table 2 lists proper DOT shipping descriptions for a number of wastes that might be generated during vehicle mainte- nance operations. Table 1 and Table 2 are not comprehensive lists. If you suspect any waste you generate is hazardous, check with your state hazardous waste management agency or Regional EPA office. There are special provisions in the regulations for spent lead- acid batteries and used oil. YOU do not have to use a Manifest when you ship used lead batteries that are destined for recycling or used motor oil that is destined for recycling. If, however, you are disposing of used oil yourself or are sending it off-site for disposal, you generally should handle it as hazardous waste be- cause it is likely to be ignitable or toxic. Special requirements apply if you are burning used oil as fuel. Your state might have its own requirements for lead-acid batteries or used oil; check with your state hazardous waste management agency. Waste Minimization An effective waste minimization program can reduce the costs, liabilities, and regulatory burdens of hazardous waste manage- ment, while potentially enhancing efficiency, product quality, and community relations. Waste minimization techniques that can help you reduce the amount of hazardous waste that you generate include: Rust removers that contain strong acid or alkaline solutions Carburetor cleaners that contain flammable or combustible liquids Parts cleaners and degreasers that contain toxic chemicals Paint thinners or reducers that are ignitable or contain toxic constituents Motor oil and other petroleum products that are ignitable or contain toxic chemicals Auto and truck batteries. • Production planning and sequencing • Process/equipment adjustment or modification • Raw material substitution • Loss prevention and housekeeping • Waste segregation and separation • Recycling. Training and supervision of employees implementing waste minimization techniques is an important part of your successful program. Call the RCRA/Superfund Hotline toll-free at 800-424- 9346 (or TDD 800-553-7672 for the hearing-impaired) for waste minimization information and publications. EPA/530-SW-90-027a Printed on recycled paper ------- Table 1 Typical Vehicle Maintenance Operations: Materials Used and Hazardous Wastes that Might be Generated Process/Operation Materials Used Typical Material Ingredient General Types of Waste Generated Dcgrcasing Rust Removal Paint Preparation Painting Spray Booth, Spray Guns, and Brush Cleaning Paint Removal Tank Cleanout Installing Lead-Acid Batteries Degreasers (gunk), carburetor cleaners, engine cleaners, solvents, acids/alkalies, cleaning fluids Naval jelly, strong acids, strong alkalies Paint thinners, enamel reducers, white spirits Enamels, lacquers, epoxies, alkyds, acrylics, primers, solvents Paint thinners, enamel reducers, solvents, white spirits Solvents, paint thinners, enamel reducers, white spirits Solvents or cleaners to wash out tanks, residues Used batteries of cars, trucks, boats, motorcycles, and other vehicles Petroleum distillates, aromatic hydrocar- bons, mineral spirits, benzene, toluene, petroleum naphtha Phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sodium hydroxide Alcohols, petroleum distillates, oxygenated Paint wastes solvents, mineral spirits, ketones Spent solvents Ignitable wastes Toxic wastes Acid/alkaline wastes Spent Solvents Ignitable wastes Toxic wastes Acid/alkaline wastes Acetone, toluene, benzene, petroleum distillates, epoxy ester resins, methylene chloride, xylene, VM&P naphtha, aromatic hydrocarbons, methyl isobutyl, ketones Ketones, alcohols, toluene, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, petroleum distillates, mineral spirits Acetone, toluene, petroleum distillates, methanol, methylene chloride, isopropyl alcohol, mineral spirits, alcohols, ketones, other oxygenated solvents Solvents, petroleum products in tanks Lead dross Paint wastes Spent solvents Ignitable wastes Toxic wastes Paint wastes Spent solvents Toxic wastes Paint wastes Spent solvents Toxic wastes Tank draws containing toxic residues Acid/alkaline wastes Batteries (lead-acid) ------- Table 2 Vehicle Maintenance Waste Descriptions1 Waste Type Desiqnations/Trade Names STRONG ACID/ALKALINE WASTES Ammonium Hydroxide Hydrobromic Acid Hydrochloric Acid Hydrofluoric Acid Nitric Acid Phosphoric Acid Potassium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide Sulfuric Acid Chromic Acid SPENT SOLVENTS AND Ethylene Dichloride* Benzene* Toluene Ethyl Benzene Chlorobenzene* Cresols* Trichloroethylene* Methyl Ethyl Ketone* Chloroform* Carbon Tetrachloride* Hexachloroethane* White Spirits, Varsol 1,1,1 -Trichloroethane Petroleum Distillates Ammonium Hydroxide, NH4OH, Spirit of Hartshorn, Aqua Ammonia Hydrobromic Acid, HBr Hydrochloric Acid, HC1, Muriatic Acid Hydrofluoric Acid, HF, Fluorohydric Acid Nitric Acid, HN02, Aquafortis Phosphoric Acid, H3P04, Orthophosphoric Acid Potassium Hydroxide, KOH, Potassium Hydrate, Caustic Potash, Potassa DOT Shipping Name Waste Ammonium Hydroxide (containing not less than 12% but not more than 44% ammonia) (containing less than 12% ammonia) Waste Hydrobromic Acid (not more than 49% strength) Waste Hydrochloric Acid Waste Hydrofluoric Acid Waste Nitric Acid (over 40%) (40% or less) Waste Phosphoric Acid Waste Potassium Hydroxide Solution Dry Solid, Flake, Bead, or Granular Sodium Hydroxide NaOH, Caustic Soda, Waste Sodium Hydroxide Solution Soda Lye, Sodium Hydrate Dry Solid, Flake, Bead, or Granular Sulfuric Acid, H2SO4, Oil of Vitriol Chromic Acid IGNITABLE OR TOXIC WASTES Ethylene Dichloride, 1,2- Dichloroethane Benzene Toluene Ethyl Benzene Chlorobenzene, Monochlorobenzene, Phenylchloride o-Cresol, m-Cresol, p-Cresol, (m,p)- Cresol, (o,m,p)- Cresol TCE, Gemalgene, Lanadin, Lethurin, Nialk, Perm-a-Chlor Methyl Ethyl Ketone, MEK, Methyl Acetone, Meetco, Butanone, Ethyl Methyl Ketone Chloroform Perchloromethane Tetraform, Carbona Halon 104 Hexachloroethane White Spirits, Mineral Spirits, Naphtha Aerothene TT, Chlorten, Chloroethane, Methyl Chloroform, Alpha T, Chlorotene Petroleum Distillates Waste Sulfuric Acid Waste Chromic Acid Solution CONTAINING: Waste Ethylene Dichloride Waste Benzene (benzol) Waste Toluene (toluol) Waste Ethyl Benzene Waste Chlorobenzene Waste Cresol Waste Trichloroethylene Waste Methyl Ethyl Ketone Waste Chloroform Waste Carbon Tetrachloride , Waste Hexachloroethane Waste Naphtha Waste 1,1,1 -Trichloroethane Waste Petroleum Distillate Hazard Class Corrosive Material ORM-A Corrosive Material Corrosive Material Corrosive Material Oxidizer Corrosive Material Corrosive Material Corrosive Material Corrosive Material Corrosive Material Corrosive Material Corrosive Material Corrosive Material Flammable Liquid2 Flammable Liquid Flammable Liquid Flammable Liquid Flammable Liquid Corrosive Material ORM-A Flammable Liquid ORM-A ORM-A ORM-A Flammable Liquid ORM-A Flammable Liquid Combustible Liquid3 UN/NA ID Number NA2672 NA2672 UN1788 NA1789 UN1790 UN2031 NA1760 UN1805 UN1814 UN1813 UN1824 UN1823 UN1830, UN1755 UNI 184 UNI 114 UN1294 UN1175 UNI 134 UN2076 UN1710 UNI 193 UN1888 UN1846 NA9037 UN2553 UN2831 UN1268 UN1268 ------- Waste Type 13016 C. (cominued) Vehicle Maintenance Waste Descriptions1 Designations/Trade Names DOT Shipping Name Hazard Class UN/NA ID Number PAINT WASTES WITH HEAVY METALS Heavy'Metal paints or paint sludges with: Lead* Ntekcl* Chromium* Heavy Metal Paints Hazardous Waste, Liquid or Solid, NOS4 ORM-E NA9189 OTHER WASTES Lead-Acid Batteries Used Oil Ignitable Wastes, NOS4 Hazardous Waste, NOS Lead-Acid Batteries Various petroleum products Ignitable wastes Lead Dross (containing 3% or more free acid) Waste Petroleum Oil, NOS Waste Petroleum Oil, NOS Waste Flammable Liquid, NOS Waste Combustible Liquid, NOS Waste Flammable Solid, NOS Hazardous Waste, Liquid or Solid, NOS ORM-C Combustible Liquid Flammable Liquid Flammable Liquid Combustible Liquid Flammable Solid ORM-E NA1794 NA1270 NA1270 : UN1993 NA1993 UN1325 UN9189 * Toxicity Characteristic constituent. Any waste that results in a TCLP leachate containing a Toxicity Characteristic constituent equal to or above regulatory levels is hazardous. 1 These descriptions may change given variations in waste characteristics or conditions. Note that the DOT shipping name, hazard class, and UN/NA ID number do not necessarily correspond to RCRA hazardous waste categories. 2 A flammable liquid has a flash point below 100°F. 3 A combustible liquid has a flash point between 100°F and 200°F. 4 NOS • Not otherwise specified. For further information call the RCRA/Superfund Hotline 1-800-424-9346 ------- |