EPA/540/1-86/061-
                                          (OSWER Directive 9285.6-1)


                                        ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND
                                        ASSESSMENT .OFFICE, U.S. EPA
                                           CIMQJNNATJ, OHIO 45268
SUPERFUND RISK ASSESSMENT INFORMATION
                     DIRECTORY
              Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
             Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
                 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                     Washington, D.C.  20460

-------
                                            NOTICE
    This Directory provides guidance on sources of information that should prove useful in conducting Su-
perfund related risk assessments.  Categories of information sources in the Directory include: data bases;
data files and tapes; environmental and dose-response models; manuals, directories and periodicals; publica-
tions; and human resources.

    The Directory supplements the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual and provides a guide to the
various risk assessment information sources that  can supplement the primary information sources, site
specific data and professional judgments that are necessary for a successful Superfund risk assessment.
                                                                                                      r-o
                                                                                                       O

-------
                                  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
    The Superfund Risk Assessment Information Directory identifies and describes sources of information
that should be useful in conducting EPA-related risk assessments. The Directory presents information sour-
ces that fall in the following categories:  automated data bases; data files and tapes; models; manuals, direc-
tories and periodicals; publications; and,human resources.  Where applicable, the content of individual infor-
mation sources within each of these categories is summarized and related to the major procedural steps in
performing a risk assesssment (i.e., hazard identification, dose-response assessment,  exposure assessment
and risk  characterization).  Information useful for accessing, obtaining, or locating each of the information
sources is also presented.  The overall purpose of the Directory is to facilitate the performance of EPA-re-
lated risk assessments by helping individuals find information that may be needed in order to complete a
successful assessment.
    Topics covered by the information sources presented in the Directory are broad  in scope, including
physical and chemical properties of chemical substances; epidemiologic, toxicity and pharmacological data;
environmental  characteristics; environmental effects of chemical substances; and human health risks caused
by exposure to carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic substances.  One particular use of the Risk Assessment
Information Directory will be to  identify information sources to assist in performing site-specific public
health  evaluations under  the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and  Liability Act.
Specifically, this Directory will help fill information needs that  arise in conducting  risk assessments as
spelled out in  the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual, EPA's detailed guidance on how to perform
public health evaluations at Superfund sites. Because of its broad scope however, the Directory will also be
helpful in carrying out other Superfund activities - even those not directly related to risk assessment.

    The Risk Assessment Information Directory has been developed for use by a diverse audience, includ-
ing EPA regional staff, state Superfund program staff, federal and state remedial contractors, and potentially
responsible parties. Sufficient background information on the risk assessment process and its general infor-
mation requirements is provided so that the Directory can be easily used by individuals with varying degrees
of risk assessment experience. While the Directory identifies information sources that  may be used in a risk
assessment, it does not provide the actual risk assessment related information itself.  The user of the Direc-
tory is simply referred  to  other sources of information  and places where  those sources  can  be obtained.
Finally, the Directory is not intended to reflect EPA policy on preferred sources of information to be used in
conducting EPA related risk assessments.

-------

-------
                              TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY	iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 	viii

CHAPTER 1    INTRODUCTION
       1.1    OBJECTIVES	1-1
       1.2    USE OF THE DIRECTORY	1-2

CHAPTER 2    INFORMATION RESOURCES AND THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
       2.1    HAZARD IDENTIFICATION	2-2
             2.1.1   Substance Identification 	2-3
             2.1.2   Physical/Chemical Properties	2-3
             2.1.3   Hazard Characterization 	2-4
             2.1.4   Comparisons of Molecular Structures  	2-7
       2.2    DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT
             CTOXICOKINETICS AND BIOEFFECTS)	2-8
             2.2.1   Low-dose Extrapolation	2-8
             2.2.2   Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation  	2-9
             2.2.3   Duration Extrapolation	2-9
             2.2.4   Route Extrapolation	2-10
       2.3    EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT	2-10
             2.3.1   Physical/Chemical Properties	2-11
             2.3.2   Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics	2-11
             2.3.3   Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media	2-12
             2.3.4   Population at Risk	2-13
             2.3.5   Exposure Route, Magnitude and Duration	2-13
       2.4    RISK CHARACTERIZATION	2-14
             2.4.1   Environmental Effects	2-14
             2.4.2   Human Risk Assessment	2-15

CHAPTER 3 '   DATA BASES
       3.1    EPA DATA BASES	3-1
       3.2    NON-EPA DATA BASES	3-17
       3.3    ADDRESSES OF ONLINE SERVICES AND PRODUCERS	3-40
       3.4    ACCESS TO DATA BASES THROUGH EPA LIBRARIES  .'.,	3 49

CHAPTER 4    DATA FILES AND TAPES
       4.1    EPA DATA FILES AND TAPES	4-1
       4.2    NON-EPA DATA FILES AND TAPES	4-7
       4.3    ADDRESSES FOR DATA FILES AND TAPE CONTACTS	410

                                                   LIBRARY, AWBERC, CINCINNATI
                                            v               U. S. EPA
                                                   26 W. BSARTO LUTHER KING DRIVE
                                                     CINCINNATI, OHIO  45268

-------
CHAPTER 5   MODELS
       5.1    EPA MODELS  	5'1
             5.1.1   Atmospheric Fate Models	5-1
             5.1.2   Surface Water Fate Models	5-5
             5.1.3   Unsaturated Zone and Groundwater Fate Models  	5-12
             5.1.4   .Exposure Assessment Models  	5-14
             5.1.5   Multi-Media Models	5-16
       5.2    NON-EPA MODELS	• • • 5-16
             5.2.1   Atmospheric Fate Models	5-16
             5.2.2   Surface Water Fate Models	5-17
             5.2.3   Unsaturated Zone and Ground Water Fate Models 	5-18
             5.2.4   Dose-Response Models	5-20
       5.3   REFERENCES AND DOCUMENTATION OF MODELS 	5-22

 CHAPTER 6   MANUALS, DIRECTORIES, AND PERIODICALS
       6.1    MANUALS 	6"1
       6.2   DIRECTORIES	6'5
       6.3   PERIODICALS	6'8

 CHAPTER 7   PUBLICATIONS
       7.1   SPECIFIC CITATIONS	7"1
             7.1.1   Publications Related to Hazard Identification	7-1
             7.1.2   Publications Related to Dose-Response Assessment	7-4
             7.1.3   Publications Related to Exposure Assessment	7-5
             7.1.4   Publications Related to Risk Characterization	7-8
       7.2   GENERAL REFERENCES TO PUBLICATIONS	7-9

 CHAPTER 8    HUMAN RESOURCES: OFFICES AND PERSONNEL
       8.1    REGIONAL	8'1
       8.2    HEADQUARTERS	8-5

 APPENDICES
       A     RESOURCES VS. DATA CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES 	A 1
       B     RESOURCES VS. ATTRIBUTES	B-1
       C     INFORMATION RESOURCES AND THE SUPERFUND PUBLIC
              HEALTH EVALUATION MANUAL	C-1

 GLOSSARY

 SUBJECT INDEX
                                            VI

-------
                              LIST OF EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT
TITLE
                                                                  PAGE
      1 -1    ORGANIZATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT
            INFORMATION'DIRECTORY 	1-3
      1-2    USE OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT INFORMATION DIRECTORY 	1-5

      2-1    INFORMATION ELEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE
            EPA RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS	2-2

      A-1    INFORMATION MATRIX
            NON-BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA SUBCATEGORIES	A-6
      A-2    INFORMATION MATRIX
            NON-BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA SUBCATEGORIES	A-7
      A-3    INFORMATION MATRIX
            BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA CATEGORIES 	A-8
      A-4    INFORMATION MATRIX
            MANUAL SOURCES VS. DATA CATEGORIES	A-9

      B-1    INFORMATION MATRIX
            EPA DATABASE SYSTEMS ATTRIBUTES	B-5
      B-2    INFORMATION MATRIX
            NON-EPA DATABASE SYSTEMS ATTRIBUTES	B-6
      B-3    INFORMATION MATRIX
            DATA BASE SEARCH ATTRIBUTES	B-7

      C-1    STEPS INVOLVED IN THE SUPERFUND
            PUBLIC HEALTH EVALUATION PROCESS	C-2
                                       vu

-------
                                ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
   Thfs document was prepared by-EPA's Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR).  Drr Craig
Zamuda of OERR's Policy Analysis Staff was the EPA Project Officer.
    The efforts of several additional major contributors were instrumental in the development of this Direc-
tory, Including:
                            OERR
                            Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation (OPPE)
                            OERR             •        -   •   •.
                            Office of Research and Development (ORD)
                            ORD
                            ORD
                            ORD
                            Office of Toxic Substances (OTS)
                            OTS
                            OTS
                            Office of Information Resources Management (OIRM)
                            OIRM
                            OIRM
                            Office of Policy, Budget and Program Management
                            Office of Solid Waste
                            OPA
                            Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
                            OTS
                            Region IV
                            Edison Environmental Research Laboratory
James Lounsbury
Staccy Katz
Steve Golian
Chuck Nauman
Linda Bailey
Wai Lavilie
John Koutsandreas
Steve Hoover
Dave Mayer
Paul Fuschini
Josclle Gatrelle
Loretta Marzetti
Rick Johnson
Peg Hall
Michael Gruber
Deborah Martin
Jack Keeley
Frank Kover
Susan Deihl
Hugh Masters
Arnie Edelman
Michael Shapiro
Martin Halper
Linda Travers
Laurence Rosenstein
David Dull
Peter Preuss
                            OTS
                            OTS
                            OTS
                            OTS
                            OTS
                            OTS
                            ORD
                                              viii

-------
        Penny Fenner-Crisp    Office of Drinking Water
         Edward Klein
         Jay Benforado,
         Brint Bbder
         Bill Lappenbush:
         Louis P. True
OTS
ORD
CH2M Hill
CH2M Hill
Office of Pesticide Programs
    ICF Incorporated assisted OERR in development of this document, in partial fulfillment of Contract No
68-01-7090.  The ICF effort was directed by Mr. Jeff Goodman and Dr. Mike Lowe.  Other ICP staff who con-
tributed to the development of this document include Steve Wyngarden, Mark Fraga, and Robin Durst.
    The final graphics and the camera-ready copy was prepared by Ebon Research Systems, 820 Quincv
St.N.W., Washington D.C. 20011.
                                               ix

-------

-------
                                          CHAPTER 1
                                       INTRODUCTION
 1.1  OBJECTIVES
    This Directory provides guidance on sources of information that should prove useful in conducting EPA-
 related risk assessments.  Categories of information sources in the Directory include: data bases; data files
 and tapes; environmental and dose-response models; manuals, directories and periodicals; publications; and
 human  resources.  The Directory's overall approach is  to identify information  categories related to each
 major element  of risk  assessment,  to list key information sources appropriate for each category, and to
 describe major features of each information source.


    The  principal elements of risk assessment i.e., hazard identification, dose-response assessment,  ex-
 posure assessment, and risk characterization, are drawn directly from  EPA's risk assessment guidelines.1
 The guidelines are based in part on recommendations developed  by the National Academy of Sciences.2
 Both  EPA and the National Academy draw important distinctions between risk assessment and risk manage-
 ment.  Risk assessment involves characterizing  problems - their nature, severity and  probability of occur-
 rence.  By contrast, risk management is the process of  deciding what to do about those problems. This
 Directory identifies information sources for assessing risks, not for managing them.

    Risk assessment is growing in importance as a tool to aid in decision-making at EPA. Virtually every en-
 vironmental statute the  Agency implements can employ risk assessment techniques to assist regulatory and
 response programs. This Risk Assessment Information  Directory is intended to assist in the broad range
 of risk assessments with which EPA may be involved.


    Risk assessment activities are important  in various parts of Superfund related activities, including both
 the removal and remedial programs.  Being able to quantify possible human risks at Superfund sites is an im-
 portant component of the risk management decision making process, when considering removal or remedial
 actions, to protect populations at risk.  The  Risk  Assessment information  Directory could be helpful in
 quantifying such risks, as well as being useful in  evaluating possible adverse environmental effects at Super-
 fund sites.  In addition, portions of this Directory may be helpful to Superfund activities not directly related
 to risk assessment.  For example,  information  on physical/chemical properties of hazardous substances
 could prove  useful  in identifying appropriate treatment technologies for remedial  response alternatives or in
 performing natural resource damage assessments.


    One  particular Superfund-related use of the Risk Assessment Information Directory will be to identify
 information sources to  assist in performing site-specific public health evaluations under the Comprehensive
 Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act  (CERCLA).  Publie  health evaluation is an impor-
tant component of the  Superfund remedial process.  In  particular, the  evaluation is important  in  both the
 remedial investigation   (Rl)  and feasibility study (FS)  phases of  cleanup at remedial sites.   EPA has
developed several guidance documents to support the Superfund public health evaluation process   Chapter
5 of EPA's Guidance  on Feasibility Studies  Under CERCLA describes what the public health evaluation
 process is. By contrast, the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual provides detailed guidance on how
to conduct the evaluation.
1 51 Federal Register 33492-34003 and 51 Federal Register 34014-34025.

  National Academy of Sciences, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government. National Academy Press.  1984.
                                               1-1

-------
    To supplement these guidance documents, there are two primary information sources for conducting Su-
perfund public health evaluations.  Appendices to the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual provide
toxlclty and physical/chemical properties data for the hazardous substances most likely to be found at Super-
fund sites.  These data have been assembled  into a personal computer software package named the Public
Health Risk Evaluation Data Base (PHRED). A companion document to the public health evaluation manual,
the Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual,  provides detailed information for evaluating:  the type and ex-
tent of contaminant release from a site to environmental media; the  environmental transport and transforma-
tion of contaminants following their release;  and the concentration  of  contaminants at  human  exposure
points.  This Manual  provides an overall framework for conducting the exposure assessment portion of a
public health evaluation and  presents  state-of-the art  methods for conducting  the various  component
analyses that comprise an exposure assessment.

    Although the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual and its two primary information sources should
be sufficient to conduct risk assessments at many sites, there will be instances where additional information
sources may be necessary to complete the evaluation process.  In such instances the Risk Assessment In-
formation  Directory provides  a guide to the  various risk assessment information sources that can supple-
ment the primary information sources, site-specific data and professional judgment that are necessary for a
successful  public health evaluation.


1.2  USE OF THE DIRECTORY


    The Directory is  organized into ten chapters and three appendices.  Chapter 2  develops a conceptual
flow chart  for conducting risk assessments and identifies information categories related to each major risk
assessment element. It further identifies which information sources are related to each category.  Chapters
3-8 provide descriptive information on  the six categories of  information sources in the Directory:  data
bases; data files and tapes; models; manuals, directories and  periodicals; publications; and  human resour-
ces.  Chapters for the first three categories - data bases, data files and tapes, and models - are divided into
sections describing  EPA developed information/resources and other information/resources.  The glossary
has terms  and acronyms in typical usage in the field of risk assessment and to the  Directory.  Appendix A
provides more detailed information about the  types of information found in each data base by categories or
subcategories, and Appendix B provides information about the data bases that makes it easier to access or
use them.  Finally, Appendix C is a more specific version of Chapter 2 which has been tailored for the perfor-
mance of risk assessments under the Superfund public health evaluation process.

    Exhibit 1-1 arrays by chapter and describes the types of information sources contained in the Directory.
In  general  the information sources can  be divided  into two types.  The first type includes data bases, files
and tapes, and models.  These sources of information typically contain highly detailed and chemical specific
data.  Much of the available information from these sources is automated,  i.e. accessible by computer.  In
particular,  many of the environmental models  are computer-based.  Therefore this type of information source
would most likely be used to respond to highly specific information needs.

    The second type of information source  includes  manuals, directories, periodicals,  publications, and
human resources.  While perhaps more varied in nature than the first type of information source, the second
type of information source is  best suited for  cases involving less specific or less structured  information re-
quests.  To obtain information of a more general nature, for example, it may be most appropriate to consult
a guidance manual. An individual would likely be contacted to help solve a problem  or identify additional in-
formation sources.

    To use the Directory a user would first decide whether ms/ner information need  could be met by either
the first or second type of information source described above. If the information need were highly specific
and/or related to chemical-specific data,  i.e. answerable by the first type  of  information source, the user
would follow a two-step  procedure.  First, he/she would consult  Chapter 2  to  determine the  information
category where his/her information need could be satisfied.  These categories are summarized in
                                                 1-2

-------
  ,  Exhibit 2-1.  Once a category (or categories) was  identified, the user would refer to the remainder of
Chapter 2 to learn which specific data bases, data files and tapes, and environmental models relate to the ap-
propriate information category.

    The second step would be to refer to later chapters that contain descriptions of specific information sour-
ces. Chapters 3 and 4 describe individual data bases and data files  and tapes, respectively.  Each of these
chapters has a heading for EPA information sources (e.g. data bases) and  non-EPA information sources.
Underneath each heading, specific sources are listed and described alphabetically.  In addition to these brief
descriptions, Appendices A and B contain summaries of specific data categories and system attributes to
help the user select among specific  sources.  Chapter 5 describes environmental models and is  organized
into sections on EPA and non EPA models.
    If a user's information need were  more general, i.e.  answerable by the  second type  of  information
source, he/she would immediately consult Chapter 6, 7, or 8 respectively.   Chapter 6 lists manuals,  direc-
tories,  and periodicals, each  alphabetically. Chapter 7  lists specifically-cited publications organized by the
four major risk assessment categories:  hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assess-
ment, and risk characterization;  Chapter 7 also presents generically referenced publications (i.e., families of
related documents).  Chapter 8  provides the names of regional and headquarters EPA staff who can  assist

                                          EXHIBIT 1-1

             ORGANIZATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT INFORMATION
                                          DIRECTORY
            TYPE OF
          INFORMATION
           RESOURCE
       Data Bases, Files
       and Tapes
       Models
       Manuals,

       Directories, and

       Periodicals


       Publications
       Human Resources
     RELEVANT
    CHAPTER(S)
    2, 3, 4, and

Appendices A & B*
       DESCRIPTION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES AS
              CONTAINED IN THE DIRECTORY
Banks of data segregated into specific categories under

hazard identification, dose response, exposure
assessment, and risk characterization


Computerized and desktop models related to exposure

and dose-response assessment


Guidance manuals,  instruction handbooks, information

directories, and periodic publications (e.g., newsletters)

related to the overall risk assessment process


General literature references segregated into

publications useful for hazard identification,

dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk
characterization


EPA headquarters and regional personnel designated as

contact points for risk assessment issues
        * Refer to Exhibit 1-2 for a flow diagram showing how Chapters 2, 3, and 4, and Appendices A and B are related.
                                                 1-3

-------
wtth risk assessment information.  The organization of the Directory is summarized in Exhibit 1-1 which lists
the types of Information that can be found in the various chapters.  Exhibit 1-2 is a flow chart that illustrates
how the various chapters of the Directory might be used in searching for specific information.

    Suppose for example a user wanted to find out more information about a contaminant that he/she knew
very little about.  A search for information would probably  begin in Chapter 2 of the Directory.  It might be
necessary to better identify the  hazardous substance by  going  to the appropriate heading (2.1 HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION; 2.1.1  Substance Identification).  Under that subcategory the user would find the various
data bases (listed as EPA or non-EPA) and data files and tapes that traditionally contain releyant information
(Chemical Abstract System [CAS] numbers; synonyms; etc.).  If the user was unfamiliar with the listed infor-
mation sources,  it would then be appropriate to go to Chapter 3 of the Directory  to review short descrip-
tions of the sources, or to Appendices A or B of the Directory for more  information about the actual con-
tents of the sources or about the characteristics of the sources themselves, respectively. In this manner, first
Identifying a potential information source in the appropriate subcategory of Chapter 2 and  then characteriz-
ing that source in the subsequent chapters or appendices, a user would be able to gather the information re-
quired for making  a decision about which specific source or sources would be  most helpful in conducting a
risk assessment.

    In actuality,  it will not always be necessary for a user of the Risk Assessment Information Directory to
go stepwise through the entire Directory.  Someone familiar with the layout of the Directory should be able
to go directly to  those information categories of interest in order to find relevant sources.
                                                  1-4

-------
                                       EXHIBIT 1-2
                         USE OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT
                             INFORMATION DIRECTORY
                                             IDENTIFY
                                            INFORMATION
                                               NEED
 CHAPTER 8:
  MANUALS,
DIRECTORIES &
 PERIODICALS
 CHAPTER 7:
PUBLICATIONS
 CHAPTER 8:
   HUMAN
 RESOURCES
                              NO
                 DOES
              INFORMATION
             NEED REQUIRE
            DETAILED AND/OR
               CHEMICAL-
               SPECIFIC
                 DATA
                                           CONSULT CH. 2
                                            TO IDENTIFY
                                         SPECIFIC RESOURCES
                                            BY CATEGORY
                                             REFER TO
                                           LATER CHAPTERS
                                           AND APPENDICES
                                          FOR DESCRIPTIONS
  CHAPTER 3:
  DATA BASES
CHAPTER 4:
DATA FILES
AND TAPES
CHAPTER 5:
 MODELS
APPENDICES A & B
  INFORMATION
   MATRICES
                                              SELECT
                                          SPECIFIC SOURCE
                                           APPROPRIATE
                                             TO NEED
                                               1-5

-------

-------
                                         CHAPTER 2


  INFORMATION RESOURCES AND THE RISK ASSESSMENT  PROCESS


    The information sources useful for any risk assessment are dictated by the nature of the particular task
 or question being addressed. There are many different types of risk assessment activities either ongoing or
 under development, and they often require process or site-specific data unique to the effort  Consequently
 in order to create a manageable Directory of sources,  it is necessary to define the type of risk assessment
 activities the Directory is targeted toward.


    EPA has functionally adopted the risk assessment strategy and terminology set out in a recent review of
 nsk assessment activities in the federal government (National Academy of Sciences [NAS]  1984) 3 As  set
 out in the NAS committee's recommendations, the procedural  steps required to describe the risks  as-
 sociated with a chemical hazard include the following:
      •   Hazard Identification

      •   Dose-Response Assessment

      •   Exposure Assessment

      •   Risk Characterization
    This chapter of the Directory summarizes the available information resources that might be of use in per-
forming these tasks.  Exhibit 2-1 is an outline of the EPA-adopted steps in risk assessment and identifies by
subheadings, potential information required for each step.  For each of the subheadings of information re-
quirements, there is a descriptive statement about the purpose and type of information needed followed by
a listing of the major relevant data bases and data files and tapes.  Chapters 3 and 4 of the Directory  can
then be used to characterize more fully, and gain access to, particular information  resources.  It should be
emphasized  that the steps of a risk assessment as outlined in Exhibit 2-1 do not  necessarily always take
place or follow in the diagrammed order.  For example, it might be necessary to perform the exposure as-
sessment  prior to the dose-response assessment  in order to determine if any potential hazard exists for a
population of concern.  If it is unlikely that such a hazard exists because the population of concern would
not be exposed, then there would be no need to perform the dose response assessment.


    In addition to the lists of resources in this Chapter, further information can be obtained from models-
manuals, directories, and periodicals; publications; and human resources which are listed and described in
Chapters 5 through 8 of the Directory.
 National Academy of Sciences, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government. National Academy Press. 1984.
                                              2-1

-------
                                          EXHIBIT 2-1
   INFORMATION ELEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EPA RISK ASSESSMENT
                                           PROCESS
          HAZARD
      IDENTIFICATION
 DOSE-RESPONSE
   ASSESSMENT1
      •Substance Identification
      • Physical/Chemical
       Properties
      • Hazard Characterization
       H Epidemlologic Data
       H Toxlclty Data
        - Animal Bloassay Data
          (Chronic Toxicity)
        - Short Term Studies
          (Acute/Subacute
          Toxicity)
      •Comparision of Molecular
       Structures
• Pharmacological Data
 n Low-Dose Extrapolation
 H Animal-to-Human Dose
   Extrapolation
 H Duration Extrapolation
 H Route Extrapolation
    EXPOSURE
  ASSESSMENT
        RISK
 CHARACTERIZATION
• Physical/Chemical
 Properties
• Environmental
 Characteristics
• Chemical Concentrations
 in Environmental Media
 H Partitioning
 H Transport/transformation
• Population at Risk
• Exposure
 H Route
 H Magnitude
 H Duration
• Environmental Effects
 » Aquatic
 H Terrestrial
• Human Risk Assessment
 H Carcinogens
 H Noncarcinogens
            1The order of Dose-Response Assessment and Exposure Assessment may be in reverse of that shown.
2.1   HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

    Hazard Identification is the first of four major steps in performing a risk characterization under the cur-
rent EPA supported guidelines. As such, hazard identification is primarily directed towards establishing what
the human health hazards are with respect to a specific chemical.  In order to estimate the hazards, four
types of Information are commonly used:
     •   Substance Identification
     •   Physical/Chemical Properties
     •   Hazard Characterization
     *   Comparisons of Molecular Structures


    These types of approaches are listed below as subcategories with various relevant information resources.
                                                 2-2

-------
 2.1.1  Substance Identification
    The information resources listed below are useful in identifying a chemical substance.  Data items that
 rnay be obtained  from these sources include such identifiers as CA Index name, CAS Registry number,
 synonyms, molecular formulas, chemical descriptions/compositions, and chemical production data.
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  CHEMD
     •  CICIS
     •  GI
     •  OHM-TADS
     •  ORALTOX
     •  TSCA INITIAL INVENTORY
     •  TSCA PLUS
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  ACS JOURNALS ONLINE
     •  CA SEARCH
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICAL IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
     •  CHEMLINE
     •  CHEMSEARCH .
     •  CHEMSIS
     •  CHEMZERO
     •  CRGS
     •  DARC
     •  -ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
     •  HAZARDLINE
     •  HEILBRON
     •  LOG P DATABASE
     •  NPIRS
     •  OHS-MSDS
     •  RNSS
     •  RTECS
     •  TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
    EPA Data Files and Tapes (see section 4.1)
     •  TSCA PREFERRED NAME FILE AND SYNONYM FILE
2.1.2  Physical/Chemical Properties

   The data bases listed under this heading are useful sources of information for physical/chemical proper-
ties, which may be needed to identify the hazards of a contaminant.                       f
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  CHEMD
     •  GEMS
     •  OHM-TADS
     •  PDMS
     •  PHRED
     •  SPHERE
                                             2-3

-------
     •  TSDF
   Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  CA SEARCH
     •  CASSI
     •  CESARS
     •  CHEMLINE
     •  CHEMTRAN
     •  as
     •  DORTMUND VLB DATA BANK
     *  ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
     •  HAZARDLINE
     •  HEILBRON
     •  LOG P DATABASE
     •  NPIRS
     •  OHS-MSDS
     •  RNSS
   EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
        WATER SOLUBILITY DATA
2.1.3  Hazard Characterization

    One may characterize the expected health hazards associated with exposure to a contaminant based on
analysis of previously collected epidemiologic and toxicity data.

Epidemiologic Data

    Epidemiologic data include information on the exposure and toxic responses of human and/or animal
populations to  chemical substances.  They may  include information on the frequency and geographic dis-
tribution of an observed health effect within a population.  The following are data bases, files,  and tapes that
are useful sources of epidemiologic data.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  CECATS
     •  CSDCLEANS
     •  CRIB
     •  EPACASR
     •  GI
     •  HEOX
     •  OHM-TADS
     •  SPHERE DERMAL ABSORPTION DATA BANK
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  CESARS
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
     •  CTCP
     •  ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
     •  HAZARDLINE
     •  NOHS
     •  NOES
     •  OQS
     •  OHS-MSDS
                                              2-4

-------
     •  Kracs
     •  TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
    ' •  TOXLINE RPROJ
    EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
     •  EPID
     •  FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS

Toxicity Data

    Toxicity data include  information on the response of an organism to a dose of a chemical substance
through various routes of exposure. Such data may be for chronic toxicity or acute/subacute toxicity.

Animal-Bioassay Data  (Chronic Toxicity)

    Chronic toxicity data pertain to the response of an organism to repeated,  long-term exposure to a con-
taminant.  The length of exposure and time for  response may vary with the particular organism involved.
The following are information resources for chronic toxicity or animal bioassay data.
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
     •  CECATS
     •  CRIB
     •  EEFIS
     •  EPACASR
     •  GI
     •  GTDMIS
     •  IRIS
     •  OHM-TADS
     •  ORALTOX
     •  PDMS
     •  RAD
     •  SPHERE
     •  STARA
     •  WBC
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  AGRICOLA
     •  AQUALINE
     •  ASFA
     •  BIOSIS
     •  CBDS
     •  CESARS
     •  CCRIS
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUE AND FLUIDS
     •  CTCP
     •  ENVIROLINE
     •  ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES BIOLOG
     •  HSDB
     •  HAZARDLINE
     •  MEDLINE
                                               2-5

-------
     •  NIOSHTIC
     •  NPIRS
     •  NTIS
     •  OHS-MSDS
     •  PASCAL
     •  PROFILE
     •  RTECS
     •  TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
     *  TOXLINE / KEEP / CB AC / RPRO J / TD3
   EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
     •  CASTRO-INTESTINAL EFFECTS LITERATURE
     •  ITC CHEMICAL SCORES
     •  TSCA NEW CHEMICALS
     •  TSCA SECTION 4 - CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Short-term Studies (Acute/Subacute Toxicity)

   Acute/subacute toxicity refers to the immediate or short term toxicological response of an organism to
either a single dose or relatively few doses of a chemical substance.  Useful information resources for these
types of data include the following:
    EPA
      *
    Non
 Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
 ACUTE HAZARDS DATA
 AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
 CECATS
 CSDCLEANS
 DEEP
 EEFIS
 EPACASR
 GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
 GI
 HEOX
 IRIS
 NEUROTOXICITY DATA
 OHM-TADS
 ORALTOX
 PDMS
 PDAS
 RAD
 SPHERE
 STARA
i-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
 ASFA
 BIOSIS
 CESARS
 CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
 CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
 CHEMLINE
 as
 CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
                                              2-6

-------
    EPA
crcp
ENVIROLINE
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HSDB
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
PROFILE
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE / KEEP / CBAC / TOXICOLOGY BIBLIOGRAPHY / TD3
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
ETHOX
FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS
CASTRO-INTESTINAL EFFECTS LITERATURE
ETC CHEMICALS SCORES
TSCA NEW CHEMICALS
TSCA SECTION 4 CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES
2.1.4  Comparisons of Molecular Structures

    The potential hazards associated with a given chemical substance may be identified by evaluating the
hazards of other substances with similar molecular structures or similar components (functional groups) of
molecular structures.  Data bases that contain information  to assist in comparing molecular structures be-
tween different chemical substances include the following.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  CHEMD
     •  OHM-TADS
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  ACS JOURNALS ONLINE
     •  CA SEARCH
     •  CASSI
     •  CESARS
     •  CHEMLINE
     •  CHEMSEARCH
     •  CHEMSIS
     •  CHEMTRAN
     •  CHEMZERO
     •  DARC
     •  DATA LOG CHEMFATE
     •  ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
     •  HAZARDLINE
     •  HEILBRON
     •  LOG P DATABASE
     •  RNSS
     •  SANSS
                                              2-7

-------
2.2  DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT (TOXICOKINETICS AND BIOEFFECTS)

     Many factors must be taken into consideration when evaluating dose-response data for use in risk as-
sessments. In the minority of toxic chemicals that will be encountered, epidemiologic data may make it pos-
sible to predict dose-responses based upon knowledge of exposures and health effects in humans. Various
factors, Including age, illness, genetic variability, etc., combine to make such estimations  complex, but less
uncertain than estimations of human  responses to specific exposure levels based solely upon animal experi-
ments.

   The four primary dose-response tasks related to risk assessments are the following:
         Low-Dose Extrapolation

         Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation

         Duration Extrapolation

         Route Extrapolation
    Animal experimental data may be the only biological information available about the toxic effects of a
 chemical.  Extrapolations of such data must be used to predict human responses, usually without sufficient
 knowledge of species differences. Consequently, various adjustments are made for size differences, or to ac-
 count for differences in metabolic rates.  In addition, extrapolations of dose-response relationships may be re-
 quired, even when human experimental data are available, to account for differences in dose levels, periods
 of exposure, and routes of exposure for the test individual(s) and those expected for other individuals. The
 types of  information resources available to help make these extrapolations as scientific as possible are listed
 below In  each category


 2.2.1 Low-dose Extrapolation


    Low-dose extrapolation involves estimating the human response to a given chemical dose based upon
 observed human responses at higher dose levels.  Such extrapolations may require considerable adjustment
 to account for the differences between humans at an exposure point and the human(s) for which such "high-
 dose" data are  available. Data bases that may be useful in performing high to low-dose extrapolations are
 listed below.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
      •  CRIB
      *  EERF
      •  GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
      •  GTDMIS
      •  ORALTOX
      •  PDMS
      •  SPHERE
      •  STARA
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
      •  CBDS
      •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
      •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
                                                2-8

-------
     •  TAAZAKDLKSTB
     •  RTECS
     •  TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
     •  TOXLINE
2.2.2  Animal-to-Human  Dose Extrapolation

    Human responses to a chemical dose may be estimated from non human experimental data, taking into
account differences in  size, metabolic rates, and other factors.  The following are data bases that contain
animal experimental data, as well as information useful in extrapolating those data to human  dose response
relationships.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  GTDMIS
     •  ORALTOX
     •  SPHERE
     •  STARA
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  ASFA
     •  CBDS
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
     •  TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
     •  TOXLINE
2.2.3  Duration Extrapolation

    Dose-response studies covering relatively short periods are frequently inadequate for evaluating chronic
exposures.  Therefore, longer term dose-response or dose-severity relationships must be inferred from sub-
chronic and shorter term studies.  Data bases that may be useful in carrying out such a "duration extrapola-
tion" are listed below.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  CSDCLEANS
     •  DEEP
     •  GTDMIS
     •  IRIS
     •  NEUROTOXICITY DATA
     •  ORALTOX
     •  PDAS
     •  RAD
     •  SPHERE
     •  STARA
     •  TSCATS
                                              2-9

-------
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     *  CBDS
     •  CCRIS
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
     •  CHEMLINE
     •  RTECS
     •  TOXUNE
2.2.4  Route Extrapolation

    There may be instances when an investigator desires dose response information for a given route of ex-
posure, but only has available information pertaining to a different route of exposure. For these cases, if suf-
ficient data are available, response data can be extrapolated across different routes of exposure.  The follow-
ing data bases  contain  dose-response data for various exposure  routes, which may facilitate making  route
extrapolations:
    EPA
    Non-
Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
INHALATION LITERATURE
IRIS
NEUROTOXICrTY DATA
ORALTOX
RAD
SPHERE
TSCATS
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
CBDS
CCRIS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMLINE
HAZARDLINE
RTECS
TOXLINE
2.3   EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT

   The primary purpose of an exposure assessment is to estimate the actual concentration of a chemical to
which humans might be exposed.  Occasionally, there may be analytical data on exposure levels at human
receptors, but more typically the exposure must be estimated based upon reported chemical  concentrations
In the environmental media of concern.

   The following subcategories list types of information and data which can be used to make exposure as-
sessments when chemical concentration data are incomplete:
     •  Physical/Chemical Properties
     •  Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics
     •  Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
                                              2-10

-------
        Population at Risk
        Exposure Route, Magnitude, and Duration
    Information resources that are useful
categories.
in  performing exposure assessments are listed below by sub-
2.3.1  Physical/Chemical  Properties

    The data bases listed below are useful sources of information for physical/chemical  properties which
may be needed to determine the environmental fate and transport of a contaminant.
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  CHEMD
     •  GEMS
     •  OHM-TADS
     •  PDMS
     •  PHRED
     •  SPHERE
     •  TSDF
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  CASEARCH
     •  CASSI
     •  CESARS
     •  CHEMLINE
     •  CHEMTRAN
     •  CIS
     •  DORTMUND VLB DATA BANK
     •  ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
     •  HAZARDLINE
     •  HEILBRON
     •  LOG P DATABASE
     •  NPIRS
     •  OHS-MSDS
     •  RNSS
2.3.2  Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics

    These characteristics refer to features of a chemical (e.g., partition coefficients, retardation factors, bioac-
cumulation factors, and degradation rates) and to the transport mechanisms in effect as a chemical migrates
through various environmental media.  See chapter 5 of this Directory for a listing of environmental fate and
transport models.  The documentation to such models frequently contains substantial data bases of environ-
mental fate and transport information.
                                              2-11

-------
2.3.3  Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
    Chemical concentrations in environmental media are important in two different respects.  First,  con-
centrations at exposure points must be determined in order to estimate human health risks and environmen-
tal effects.   Second,  chemical concentrations in environmental media are important factors affecting the
transport of a constituent to an exposure point. The following are information resources that contain data on
chemical concentrations in the ambient environment, quality data for waste streams released to the environ-
ment, and observations of various environmental characteristics that may impact a chemical's concentration
(e.g., stream flow rates and atmospheric dispersion data).
    EPA
    Non-
    EPA
     •
    Non
Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
EERF
ERFD
GEMS
MICROBIOLOGICAL DATA
PDMS
STORET
TSDF
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
DMS
MWDI
NEDRES
NGWIC
NPIRS
SIRS
WATERLINE
WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
WATSTORE
WDSD
WRSIC
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
CHAMP
CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
EPID
SAROAD
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
ADR
AOWF
BASIC WELL DATA FOR PROFESSIONAL PAPER 796
GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
MIXING HEIGHT STUDIES
NASQAN
STABILITY ARRAY
SUMMARY OF THE MONTHLY CO-OP ELEMENT FILE
SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS U.S. SOIL TEMPERATURES
VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN THE ATMOSPHERE: AN ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE DATA
                                              2-12

-------
2.3.4  Population at Risk

    The information resources listed in this section are useful in identifying the location, and other charac-
teristics of a human  population within  a given area.  Information included in these data bases include such
items as census results, land and water use data, and human health monitoring data for a particular popula-
tion. These data are helpful in determining the population that may be exposed to a contaminant released in
the environment.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  EERF
     •  ERFD
     •  GEMS
     •  GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
     •  PERMDATA
     •  RAD
     •  WBC
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  POPLINE
    EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
     •  EPID
     •  RESOURCE CONSERVATION RECOVERY ACT NOTIFICATION DATA FILE
     •  SM/HD
    Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
     •  GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
     •  INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
2.3.5  Exposure Route, Magnitude and Duration

    An exposure route is the mode by which humans or environmental entities are exposed to a chemical
substance.  For example, human and animal exposure routes include inhalation, ingestion, and direct (der-
mal) contact.  The magnitude of exposure reflects the amount of chemical intake or extent of direct contact
by an organism.  Exposure magnitudes are dependent on the length of time, or duration, that an organism
takes in or remains in contact with  a substance.  Parameters  useful  in assessing exposure routes, mag-
nitudes, and durations include dermal absorption data; oral intake data; toxicological data in dose duration
terms; and  experimental  and  real-life bioassay data involving known exposure routes and durations.  These
types of data are available through the following information resources.
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  CRIB
     •  GI
     •  GTDMIS
     •  INHALATION LITERATURE
     •  NATIONAL HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE DATA
     •  OHM-TADS
     •  ORALTOX
     •  PDMS
     •  SPHERE
     •  STARA
     •  WBC
                                              2-13

-------
   Non-
    EPA
•EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
 BIOSIS
 CUDS
 CESARS
 CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
 CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
 CIS
 CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
 CTCP
 EMBASE
 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
 HAZARDLINE
 MEDLINE
 NGWIC
 NIOSHTTC
 NPIRS
 PASCAL
 RTECS
 TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
 TOXLINE
 Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
 CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
 NHMP
2.4  RISK CHARACTERIZATION

   Tha risk characterization estimates the health risks to hurnans and/or the environment at chemical con-
centration levels determined in the exposure assessment.   As such,  the risk characterization often  relies
upon various assumptions made in the exposure assessment, upon estimations made in the dose-response
assessment, and upon conclusions  reached  in the hazard identification procedures.  The risk characteriza-
tion should address all types of risks including:
         Environmental Effects (aquatic and terrestrial)
         Human Risk Assessment (carcinogens and non carcinogens)
    Models of risk characterization and references to standards used in making risk characterizations are
listed below within subcategories.

2.4.1  Environmental Effects

    Environmental effects include changes in aquatic and terrestrial natural resources brought about by ex-
posure to chemical  substances.  Knowledge of such effects may be important in analyzing chemical migra-
tion pathways and potential human exposures; however, knowledge of environmental effects is also impor-
tant in analyzing the non-human risks of a chemical release.  Information that can be found in the following
data bases includes data on natural resource injuries caused by exposure to chemicals.
                                               2-14

-------
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  EEFIS
     •  OHM-TADS
     •  ORALTOX
     •  PDMS
     •  STORET
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  AQUALINE
     •  ASFA
     •  BIOSIS
     •  CBDS
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
     •  NIH/EPA CIS
     •  NPIRS
     •  TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
    EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
     •  ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS DATA
    Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
     •  GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
2.4.2  Human Risk Assessment

    Toxic effects to humans can be separated into either carcinogenic or noncarcinogenic effects, and dif-
ferent methods are used to characterize health risks for exposure to carcinogens and noncarcinogens.
Carcinogens

    The following information resources contain data helpful in characterizing human health risks caused by
exposure to carcinogenic substances.  Data included in these resources  include research results on  car-
cinogenic effects, testing and regulatory activities involving carcinogens, and toxicity data for potential  car-
cinogenic effects (e.g., ten percent effective doses and carcinogenic potency factors).

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
        CARCINOGENICITY LITERATURE
        CECATS
        EPACASR
        GTDMIS
        GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
        IRIS
        SPHERE
        EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  BIOSIS
     •  CANCERLIT
     •  CBDS
     •  CCRIS
     •  CESARS
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
     •  CHEMLINE
     •  CIS
  •
  •
  •
  •
  •
  •
  •
Non-
                                              2-15

-------
     •  CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
     •  EMBASE
     •  ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
     •  HAZARDLINE
     *  MEDLINE
     *  NIOSHTIC
     •  NOES
     •  NOHS
     •  NPIRS
     •  OCIS
     •  OHS-MSDS
     •  PASCAL
     •  RTECS
     •  TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
     •  TOXLINE
    EPA Data Fifes and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
     •  POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS
Non-carcinogens

    The data bases listed below contain information needed to characterize human health risks for exposure
to noncarcinogenic chemicals.  Similar to the  data bases cited above for assessing carcinogenic  effects,
these data bases include research results on non-carcinogens and their health effects, relevant testing and
regulatory activity information, and toxicity data for noncarcinogenic effects (e.g., minimum  effective dose
values and acceptable intake levels).

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  CECATS
     •  DEEP
     •  EPACASR
     •  GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
     •  GI
     *  GTDMIS
     •  HEOX
     •  IRIS
     •  NEUROTOXicrry DATA
     •  OHM-TADS
     •  PERMDATA
     •  PDAS
     •  PHRED
     •  RAD
     •  SPHERE
     •  STARA
     •  WBC
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  BIOSIS
     •  CESARS
     •  CCRIS
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
     •  CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
                                              2-16

-------
     crrcp
     EMIC
     ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
     ETIC
     HAZARDLINE
     MEDLINE
     NIOSHTIC
     NOES
     NOHS
     NPIRS
     OCIS
     OHS-MSDS
     PASCAL
     RTECS
     TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
     TOXLINE
EPA
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS
                                         2-17

-------

-------
                                         CHAPTER 3
                                        DATA BASES
    This chapter contains more complete descriptions of the different data bases cited in Chapter 2.  It is
divided into four main sections:
      •   3.1 EPA Data Bases

      •   3.2 Non-EPA Data Bases

      •   3.3 Producers and Online Services

      •   3.4 Access to Data Bases through EPA Libraries
    Automated  EPA and non-EPA data bases are listed and briefly described in Sections 3.1 and 3.2,
respectively .  Some of the items included in this chapter as data bases (e.g., IRIS, OCIS, DARC) are actual-
ly ancillary automated systems which facilitate the research and manipulation of data; these systems can  be
distinguished from sources of data by their description as "indexing," "tracking," or "search system" under
"Type."  After the description of each data base, references for additional information are given.  For most of
the EPA data bases, the EPA office where the data base  resides and a  responsible person, are provided.
For the non-EPA data bases,  as well as for a  few of the EPA data bases, the data base producer and the
name of an online service for accessing the data base are cited. The addresses and telephone  numbers of
these producers and online services are given  in Section 3.3.  Section 3.4 lists data bases that  may be ac-
cessed and searched through each of the EPA  libraries.


3.1   EPA DATA BASES


    The following  are  EPA data bases that may be useful in performing  risk assessments.  Most of these
data bases were identified through  EPA's  "Information Systems Inventory," an agency wide compilation  of
data bases, models, and other information systems.5 The data bases below were selected from this large in-
ventory because they were identified, by the people who use them, as having the primary purpose of risk-as-
sessment.
  For the purpose of this Directory, manual Data Bases are considered data files and are presented separate-
ly in Chapter 4.

5 More information on the Information Systems Inventory is available through EPA's office of Information
Resources Management, Information Management Branch.
                                               3-1

-------
ACUTE HAZARDS DATA
Subject:
Content:
                        Acute Toxicity of Substances

                  This microcomputer-based data base on the acute toxicity of various chemical sub-
                  stances has been developed by OTS in support of an Agency-wide activity following
                  the Bhopal, India, tragedy. This data base will be used to develop materials to circu-
                  late to states and localities concerning a list of 400  chemicals identified by EPA as
                  being  potentially of concern if released to the environment.

    Holder:              Economics and Technology Division, U.S. EPA
    Responsible Person:   Nilesh Patel
    FTS Phone:          8-382-3718

    AIR EMISSIONS FROM TREATMENT STORAGE  AND  DISPOSAL FACILITIES  FOR HAZARDOUS
WASTE rrsoR
Subject:
Type:
Content:
                        Air Emissions
                        Non-bibliographic

                  The TSDF, which is currently under development, will contain information about in-
                  dustrial facilities which treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste.  Data to be com-
                  piled in TSDF include company names, locations, and descriptions, the size of each
                  site, waste stream compositions, and physical chemical properties.   In addition, air
                  emission models and dispersion models will be included.  The TSDF will be used to
                  generate air emission inventories to support future air pollution regulations.

    Holder:              Office of Air and Radiation
    Responsible Person:  Gene Smith
    FTS Phone:          8-629-5571

    AIRBORNE PARTICULATE AND PRECIPITATION DATA (ERFD)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
                        Atmospheric Radiation Data
                        Non-bibliographic

                  This data base contains data on gross beta and gamma concentration in samples of
                  airborne particulates and  precipitation. Monitoring results are given in terms of maxi-
                  mums, minimums, and averages. The location of the sampling point (city and state)
                  is also included.
 Holder:              Office of Radiation Programs
 Responsible Person:  Gerry Luster
 FTS Phone:          8-534-7615

 AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
 Subject:
 Type:
 Content:
 Time Span:
 Updating:
                        Toxic Air Pollutants
                        Bibliographic and Information Search

                  This data base was developed to help exchange information among state and local
                  environmental agencies and the EPA. The contents include over 60,000 records on
                  subjects like: control programs, correspondence, publications, reports, and data of
                  states' developed and developing programs. This data base contains the same infor-
                  mation  as the National Air Toxics Clearinghouse (NATICH) described later in this
                  section. Therefore, if the Air Toxics Clearinghouse proves difficult to access through
                  the contacts outlined below, one can attempt to access NATICH.

                        Varies w/file
                        Varies w/file
                                            3-2

-------
Hotter.
Online Service:

Contact:
      Office of Air Programs.  U.S. EPA
      Government access through Account with EPA. On EPA IBM
      Mainframe.  Private access through NTIS.
      Dave Patrick or Karen L. Blanchard
      (919)541-5519
CARCINOGENICITY LITERATURE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Carcinogenicity
      Bibliographic

OTS's  Health  and  Environmental  Review  Division  (HERD)  has  developed  a
microcomputer based summary of literature citations  relating to  chemical  car-
cinogenicity. Currently, the data base consists of more than 2,000 records covering
approximately 600 chemicals.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:

CBI GLOBAL
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Office of Toxic Substances, HERD
      Samir Zakhari
      8-382-4295
      Environmental and Health Effects
      Indexing System
              This system, when completely loaded, will be the Confidential Business Information
              (CBI) version  of the GLOBAL Indexing System (see below).   It will  consist of
              GLOBAL plus TSCA CBI information of the same type.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Toxic Substances, Information Management Division
      Michele Zenon
      8-382-3534
CECATS
CHEMD
              see CSB EXISTING CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT TRACKING SYSTEM
              see OTS CHEMICAL DIRECTORY
CHEMICALS IN COMMERCE INFORMATION SYSTEM (CICIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Chemical Manufacturing and Importation
      Non-bibliographic

CICIS contains  manufacturing information  on chemicals  approved for production
under TSCA.  As of July 1980, it lists chemicals manufactured in or imported to the
U.S. for commercial use, the amount of production or import in 1977, and the loca-
tions of production. Information considered trade secret by the chemical industry is
included in a confidential version of CICIS known as the Confidential Business Infor-
mation (CBI) Inventory, which may only be accessed by cleared individuals with a
need to know.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Toxic Substances
      Maureen Guild
      8-382-3623
                                           3-3

-------
CSB EXISTING CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT TRACKING SYSTEM (CECATS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Chemical-Specific Hazard Information
      Document tracking

CECATS is an automated document tracking  system designed to aid the Chemical
Screening Branch (CSB) in reviewing data on existing chemicals and selecting those
substances that require additional attention  by the Office  of  Toxic  Substances
(OTS).  The system provides storage, retrieval, verification trails,  data manipulation,
and report generation for information on existing chemicals associated with:  TSCA
Section 8(e) submissions, For Your Information (FYI) submissions, Chemical Hazard
Information Profiles (CHIP),  Pre-Chip screenings, and  Substitute Hazard Profiles.
These sources provide  information on chemical identities, health and environmental
effects, chemical uses, and market information. Information on the status of a chemi-
cal within OTS is also provided.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Toxic Substances
      James Darr
      8-382-3470
CLINICAL STUDIES DIVISION. CLEANS CLEVER CLINICAL STUDY DATA (CSDCLEANS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Human Health Effects From Airborne Contamination
      Non-bibliographic

This data base contains human health  related  data  generated  from the Clinical
Studies  Division Chapel Hill  Facility.  These studies involve experiments  in which
human subjects perform a variety of maneuvers while  residing in polluted  or clean
air chambers.  Data maintained in the system include pulmonary function measure-
ments, heart, stress, and other medical  information.    Results  of the pulmonary
studies are used in support of air quality standards.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Health Research
      John O'Neil
      8-629-2602
CRITERIA REFERENCE INFORMATION BANK (CRIB)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Air Quality and Health Effects
      Bibliographic

The CRIB  data base contains bibliographic information identifying sources cited  in
air quality  criteria and health assessment documents.  This information is retrievable
by author, title, and keyword-in context.  A full text of the document is available, al-
though no abstracts are provided
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
      Doug Fennell
      8-629-3789
DYER EEG EVOKED POTENTIAL (DEEP)
Subject:              Nervous System Health Effects
Type:                Non-bibliographic
Content:
               Data are  maintained on the physiological consequences  of acute and/or chronic
               toxicant exposure on nervous system functions.
Holder:
      Office of Health Research
                                            3-4

-------
 Responsible Person:  Robert Dwyer
 FTS Phone:          8-629-2760
 EASTERN ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION FACILITIES (EERH SAMPLE DATA BASE
 Subject:
 Type:
 Content:
                     Environmental Radiation Monitoring Data
                     Non-bibliographic

               On regular  schedules, about a  dozen environmental  sampling networks submit
               samples to the Eastern  Environmental Radiation Facilities for analysis of  radiation
               levels.  These samples are from  a wide variety of  media (e.g., soil, surface water,
               ground water, drinking water, and air).  This data base contains the results of these
               sample analyses.

 Holder:              Office of Radiation programs
 Responsible Person:  Jon Broadway
 FTS Phone:          8-534-7615

 EPA CHEMICAL ACTIVITIES STATUS REPORT fEPACASR or CASRS)
 Subject:
 Type:
 Content:
                     Chemistry
                     Reference (Bibliographic)

               This data base contains more than 19,000 references to over 8,000 chemical sub-
               stances reviewed or under review by the U.S. EPA in the course of its regulatory ac-
               tivities and scientific research.  A summary of EPA activities is provided with each
               named substance.
 Time Span:
 Updating:
 Responsible Person:
 Telephone:
                     Up to February, 1984
                     It is not updated
                     Doug Sellers
                     (202) 382-2320
 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS/FATE INFORMATION SYSTEM fEEFISl
 Subject:
 Type:
 Content:
                     Chemical Fate; Environmental Effects
                     Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

               EEFIS provides user-friendly, menu-driven access through any IBM compatible per-
               sonal computer to chemical fate and environmental effects information on selected
               chemicals.  The data base contains a variety of information resources, published
               and unpublished, such as journal articles, correspondence, tables  FYi studies sub-
               mitted to EPA by industry, non CBI Section 8(d)  studies, and Section 4 information.
               EEFIS contains chemical fate and environmental  effects data  (1) on chemicals iden-
               tified for priority testing consideration by the  interagency testing committee- (2) on
               chemicals for which EPA's Test Rules Development Branch has internally generated
               tests rules  or has received requests from other program offices to promulgate test
               rules; and  (3)  generated as a result of EPA's requiring testing under Section 4 of
               TSCA.

Holder:              Office of Toxic Substances, Existing Chemical Assessment Division
Responsible Person:  John D. Walker
Telephone:          (202) 475-8160
ERFD
              see AIRBORNE PARTICULATE AND PRECIPITATION DATA
                                           3-5

-------
GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Radiation Exposure Assessment
      Non-bibliographic

This system is used to assess health impacts resulting from environmental radiation
from sources  such as radon in surface water, drinking water, and air.  Information in
the system is  also used to assess health effects of gamma radiation levels measured
by TLD dosimeters.
 Holder:
 Responsible Person:
 FTS Phone:
      Office of Radiation Programs
      D. Norwood
      8-534-7615
 GLOBAL INDEXING SYSTEM (Gl>
 Subject:
 Type:
 Content:
       Environmental and Health Effects
       Document Indexing/Bibliographic

 This system stores and retrieves various  Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) docu-
 ments and studies collected under TSCA  Section 8(d).  It covers the 20,000 docu-
 ments existing in the OTS public files including all original submissions and all TSCA
 rule-making records.  The  Gl  system also covers the submissions  on health and
 safety studies for about 330 substances listed under the TSCA Section 8(d) report-
 ing rule.  Gl is a document search and review system consisting of a pointer to a
 fiche copy. Searches can  be conducted  by using chemical identifiers (e.g., names
 and CAS numbers), submitting company names, and document identification data.
 Holder:
 Responsible Person:
 FTS Phone:
       Office of Toxic Substances
       Doug Sellers
       8-382-2320
 GENETIC TOXICOLOGY DIVISION BIOASSAY SYSTEM fGTDMIS)
 Subject:
 Type:
 Content:
       Health Effects
       Non-bibliographic

 This system contains  the results  of  testing various  chemical compounds in
 numerous biological test systems for detecting carcinogenicity or mutagenicity.  The
 results are entered from in-house research (HERL Genetic Toxicology Division), Na-
 tional Cancer Institute reports, and other published genetic toxicology literature.
 Holder:
 Responsible Person:
 FTS Phone:
       Office of Health Research
       Mike Waters
       8-629-2537
  GRAPHICAL EXPOSURE MODELING SYSTEM (GEMS)
  Subject:
  Type:
  Content:
        Environmental Fate and Transport; Populations at Risk
        Non-bibliographic

  This data base contains 12 datasets and fosters rapid access to 11 environmental
  fate and transport  models designed  to assess risks from waste sites which are
  migrating through various  environmental media.  The  GEMS fate and transport
  models are discussed in Chapter 5. The data sets include:

  CHEMEST Validation.  Includes information on solubility, log P, boiling point, and
  vapor pressure of various substances.

  ECONOMIC CENSUS 1977.  Contains information on manufacturers, industry, and
  transportation from  1977.
                                             3-6

-------
Holder:
Telephone:
GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE.  Contains county level data from selected areas on
agriculture, climate, vegetation, soils, population, water quality, and wildlife.

GAGE.  Contains stream flow rates from approximately 99,500 stations throughout
the U.S.

IFDPIR.   Contains  facility  data  for approximately 28,000 disctvgers, excluding
POTWS.

IFDIND.  Contains facility data for approximately 12,000 discharges who discharge
through other facilities, usually POTWS.

MARF 1980 Census.  Contains  a variety  of location identification  information,
population counts by race, and  the numbers of families for all 50 states.

METEOROLOGICAL DATA. Contains data for 394 weather stations in the continen-
tal U.S.

POTWS. Contains 1982 survey data from 33,000 publically owned treatment works
in the U.S.

REACH.  Contains stream reach  information,  including cataloging unit, segment
number, and location for approximately 68,000 reaches throughout the country.

WATER SUPPLY.  Contains the  number of surface water utilities, the total popula-
tion served, the number of  intake points, and the number of STORET water quality
stations associated with surface water utilities.

      Office of Toxic Substances Exposure Evaluation Division
      (202) 382-3928
HEOX (Oxidants)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Photochemical Oxidants Health Effects
      Non-bibliographic
              This system contains data gathered as part of the oxidant research program, which
              is concerned with the atmospheric  processes, health  and environmental impacts,
              and control of photochemical oxidants.  Ozone is the most abundant photochemical
              oxidant and is of major concern for health and environmental effects.  Nitrogen
              oxides and volatile organic compounds, which are  precursors of ozone and other
              oxidants, are also being evaluated under this research program.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Health Research
      Richardson Dickerson
      8-629-2909
INDUSTRIAL STUDIES DATA BASE HSDB1
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Hazardous Waste Management
      Non-bibliographic

The  ISDB contains data extracted from RCRA 3007 questionnaires, sampling and
analysis reports,  industry contacts and literature. The data tracks the manufacturing
processes for specific organic chemicals, the types  and amounts of waste streams
produced, and how those waste streams are managed.  Data on industries for the
following substances are included in the ISDB so far: chlorinated organics, organic
pesticides,  carbamate pesticides, dyes, chlorinated aromatics, pigments, plastics,
and resins.
                                           3-7

-------
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
                    Office of Solid Waste
                    Robert M. Scarberry
                    8-382-4768
INHALATION LITERATURE
Subject:              Inhalation toxicity
Type:                Non-bibliographic
Content:
              This microcomputer based compilation contains information from the open literature
              on inhalation toxicity.  It includes approximately 500 records on 100 chemicals.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
                    Health and Environmental Review Division
                    Ernest Falke
                    8-382-3430
THE INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
                    Risk characteristics of chemicals
                    Search system

              IRIS contains  results of carcinogenic bioassays, dose-related,  responses, toxicity
              levels, reference doses, and other parameters used to control exposure.  The sys-
              tem is organized on a chemical basis and the user can call up a chemical by name
              and review all  material pertinent to it.  IRIS should be online in October or Novem-
              ber of 1986, and will contain authoritative information on about 200 compounds.
              Designed as an electronic loose-leaf notebook, IRIS can be accessed through com-
              mercial E- mail lines, and provides users with the ability to access, copy, and print in-
              formation from the data base, while  data entry access is limited to maintain the in-
              tegrity of the file.

Holding Office:       Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Responsible People:  Mary Wigginton (FTS 8-382-7315) for status and access information;
                    Jeffrey Swartou (FTS 8-684-7811) for scientific issues and accuracy
                    of reference doses.

LAKE ANALYSIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LAMS)
 Subject:
 Type:
 Content:
                     Surface Water Quality Data
                     Non-bibliographic

               LAMS includes all water quality data gathered by the EPA Office of Research and
               Development research program administered by the Large Lakes Research Station,
               Grosse lie, Ml since 1971.  This data base also includes water  quality data since
               1968 for the Canadian Great Lakes.
 Holder:
 Responsible Person:
 FTS Phone:
                     Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
                     William Richardson
                     8-226-7811
 LEVEL 8(A)
               see TSCA 8(a) LEVEL A INFORMATION SYSTEM
                                            3-8

-------
MEGA-X LIST
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Chemical Information Index
      Information Indexing

An index of all the chemicals in the CECATS System (see above)  that have CAS
numbers is being expanded into a system, known as the "Mega-X," which is being
developed as the beginning of a  master index to OTS information resources.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Toxic Substances, Existing Chemicals Assessment Division
      James Darr
      8-382-3470
MICROBIOLOGICAL DATA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
 Holder:
 Responsible Person:
 FTS Phone:
      Microbiological Organisms
      Non-bibliographic

OTS's Health and Environmental Review Division (HERD) is developing a microcom-
puter version of an  NIH mainframe system consisting of data on the characteristics
of various microbiological organisms.   This system will be used by OTS in future
reviews of altered  micro organisms  proposed  for  commercial introduction  and
reviewed under TSCA Section 5.  The system is scheduled to be running in October
1986.
      Office of Toxic Substances, HERD
      Mark Segal
      8-382-3502
 NATIONAL AIR TOXICS INFORMATION CLEARING HOUSE (NATICH)
 Subject:             Toxic Air Pollutants
 Type:                Reference-Search System
 Content:
               This information was developed to assist state and local air pollution control agen-
               cies exchange  information on  matters pertaining to toxic air pollutants.  The con-
               tents include:

                    •  Pollutant-specific information
                    «  Source-specific information
                    •  Information related to methods development activities
                    •  Listings of ongoing research and regulatory development projects
                    •  Regulatory program development information
                    •  Bibliographic information
                    •  List of agency sources, contact persons and telephone numbers.


               This data base contains the  same  information  as  the Air  Toxics Clearinghouse
               described earlier  in this section.  Therefore, if  NATICH proves difficult to access
               through the contacts outlined below, one  can attempt to access the Air Toxics
               Clearinghouse.

 Holder:              Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS),
                     Pollutant Assessment Division.
 Responsible Person:  Karen Blanchard
 FTS Phone:          629-5519
                                             3-9

-------
NATIONAL HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE DATA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
                    Chemicals in Adipose Tissue
                    Non-bibliographic

              OTS's Exposure Evaluation Division (EED) maintains a data base of levels of chemi-
              cals measured in human adipose tissue.  This data base consists of approximately
              22,000 citations covering 20 chemicals.
Holder:             Office of Toxic Substances, EED
Responsible Person:  Janet Remmers
FTS Phone:          8-382-3583

NEUROTOXICITY DATA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
                    Neurotoxicity evaluations
                    Bibliographic and Non-bibliographic

              The Toxic Effects Branch of OTS is developing this microcomputer based database
              of evaluated  neurotoxicity data.  This data base will cover the many chemicals
              reviewed by OTS for  neurotoxicity under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
              The database consists of records at the chemical level, individual article level, and at
              the experimental observational level.  The database should be implemented by sum-
              mer 1986.

Holder:              Health and Environmental Review Division
Responsible Person:  Michael Cimino
FTS Phone:          8-382-3451

OCEAN DATA EVALUATION SYSTEM (ODES)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
                    Municipal Effluent Monitoring Data
                    Non-bibliographic

              This data base contains municipal wastewater effluent monitoring data.  Under Sec-
              tion 301 (h) of the Clean Water Act, dischargers with 301 (h) modified permits are re-
              quired to submit these monitoring data in order to demonstrate compliance with the
              law.

Holder:             Office of Water (Marine and Estuarine Management)
Responsible Person: Allison Duryee
FTS Phone:         8-755-4911

OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DATA SYSTEM (OHM TADS)
 Subject:
 Type:
 Content:
 Updating:
 Producer:
                     Environment; Toxicology
                     Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

               A database containing data gathered from published literature on 1334  materials
               that have been designated oil or hazardous materials.   Provides technical support
               for dealing with potential or actual dangers resulting from the discharge of oil or haz-
               ardous substances. Up to 126 data fields, some textual and some numeric, may be
               present for each  record (i.e., one material). A record includes identification of the
               substance (Chemical Abstracts Service registry number, common and trade names,
               and chemical formula), physical properties, uses, toxicity, handling procedures, and
               suggested methods for disposing of spilled materials. Emphasis is placed on the ef-
               fects of these substances on water quality.

                     About 50 new entries each year
                     U.S. EPA
                                            3-10

-------
Online Service:
      Chemical Information System, Inc. (CIS);
      Information Consultants, Inc. (ICI)
ORALTOX
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Acute Oral Toxicity
      Non-bibliographic

ORALTOX contains acute oral toxicity data for rats, wild birds,  and wild mice. The
data are sorted according to CAS number, chemical name, and the number of car-
bons in the chemical formula.  All of the data are from  literature, with rat toxicity
data taken  from the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances and bird and
mice data taken from literature by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  Data for about
20,000 chemicals are listed in ORALTOX.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Toxic Substances
      Richard Clements
      8-382-4270
OTS CHEMICAL DIRECTORY (CHEMD)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Physical-Chemical Properties
      Non-bibliographic

CHEMD will provide a common storage and  retrieval capability for chemical,struc-
tures for chemicals in all OTS automated systems.  It will provide chemical structure
and substructure search features with sophisticated  graphics capabilities.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:

PENTA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Office of Toxic Substances
      Michele Zenon
      8-382-3534
      Chemical Case Histories
      Indexing System
               PENTA is an enhanced version of the Technical Data Indexing System (TDIS).  It
               contains scientific and  regulatory information on all Premanufacturing Notifications,
               exemption applications, and notices reviewed under the new chemicals and follow
               up review process.  The data base is designed so that cases can be quickly isolated
               and referenced by their pertinent properties. The objective of PENTA  is to automate
               descriptive information  for each case and to provide reviewers information on how
               similar cases were handled in the past.  This system contains confidential business
               information.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Toxic Substances, Information Management Division
      Michele Zenon
      8-382-3534
PERMDATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PERMDATA1
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Radon Monitoring Data
      Non-bibliographic

This data  base contains information on radon measurements in air.  Data include
the sample location, the on and off dates and times for the sample, total sample run
time, the thermo- luminescent dosimetry (TLD) detector number and its measures
dose rate, alpha and gamma TLD readouts, calibration factors, and radon concentra-
tions.
                                           3-11

-------
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Radiation Programs
      Richard D. Hopper
      8-545-2463
PESTICIDE DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PDMS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Pesticides
      Bibliographic

The PDMS data base is an on-line index to some 200,000 studies of the properties
and effects of pesticides.  These are mostly unpublished documents, submitted by
the pesticide industry to  support  regulatory  decisions by the Office of Pesticide
programs.  Microform copies of all indexed documents are maintained in OPP of-
fices.   The index supports  searching by chemical, subject,  and a wide range of
other  bibliographic and  non-bibliographic attributes  of each document.   Due to
widespread claims of data confidentiality by their submitters, ready access to PDMS
documents is restricted to EPA staff cleared for access to FIFRA confidential  busi-
               ness.

Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Pesticide Programs
      John Carley
      8-557-3240
PESTICIDE INCIDENT MONITORING SYSTEM (PIMS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Pesticide Incident Data
      Non-bibliographic

The PIMS contains and retrieves data on "incidents" involving pesticides.  The sys-
tem develops and  maintains reporting  sources, monitors suspected incidents, and
provides confirmatory analyses and data on circumstances of the incident.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Pesticide Programs
      Jerome Blondell
      8-557-0320
PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM (PDAS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Health Effects
      Non-bibliographic

The PDAS contains real-time physiological data (e.g., pulmonary function, heart, and
stress measurements) from subjects who perform various tests while  enclosed  in
chambers exposing them  to various levels of pollutants.  One of the  pollutants
studied is ozone.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Health Research
      John O'Neil
      8-629-2602
PUBLIC HEALTH RISK EVALUATION DATA BASE (PHRED)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Chemical, physical, toxicological data and health based standards
      Non-bibliographic with source citations

This personal computer software package is designed to provide chemical, physical,
toxicological data and health-based standards, and  criteria for over 400  chemicals
that may be found at Superfund sites.  The package is intended to accompany the
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual (Office of  Solid  Waste and Emergency
Response Directive 9285.4-1) which is also the source of most of the data.  More
                                           3-12

-------
                  detailed information about specific types of data in the data base can be found in
                  the manual, and footnotes and data sources are included throughout the data.
   Holder:
   Responsible Person:
   FTS Phone:

   RADIATION (RAD)
   Subject:
   Type:
      Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Policy Analysis Staff
      Craig Zamuda
      8-382-2201
      Non-Ionizing Radiation Health Effects
      Non-bibliographic
    Content:
                  This system  contains data from an EPA program to evaluate the significance and
                  dose-response characteristics of radiofrequency radiation (including microwaves) ex-
                  posure.  This program is intended to provide the scientific basis for decision making,
                  as well as EPA guidance,  on radiofrequency radiation. Data in RAD are useful  in
                  identifying and explaining the underlying mechanisms for  biophysical  interactions,
                  as well as enable better prediction of risk for humans.
    Holder:
    Responsible Person:
    FTS Phone:
      Office of Health Research
      Richard Phillips
      8-629-2771
    SCIENTIFIC PARAMETERS  FOR HEALTH  AND THE ENVIRONMENT. RETRIEVAL AND  ESTIMA-
TION (SPHERE)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Biomedicine; Chemistry-Properties; Environment; Toxicology
      Reference (Bibliographic); Non-bibliographic (Textual Numeric)

Contains 5 files of information on the health and environmental effects of chemical
substances.  Data are extracted from the published literature.

AQUATIC INFORMATION  RETRIEVAL DATA BASE (AQUIRE).  Contains data on
acute, chronic,  bioaccumulative, and  sublethal effects of over 2500  chemical sub-
stances on freshwater and  marine organisms (excluding bacteria, birds, and aquatic
mammals).

DERMAL ABSORPTION DATA BASE.  Contains information on the  qualitative and
quantitative health effects of approximately 650 chemical substances administered
to humans and test animals via the dermal route.

ENVIROFATE.   Contains  information on the environmental fate or behavior (i.e.,
transport and degradation) of chemicals released into the environment.  Chemicals
selected for inclusion are  produced  in  quantities exceeding 1  million pounds per
year.  Data, extracted from published literature,  include environmental transforma-
tion rates (e.g.,  biodegradation, oxidation,  hydrolysis) and  physical and chemical
properties (e.g., water solubility, vapor pressure).

GENETOX.  Contains mutagenicity information on 3170 chemicals that were tested
against 38 biological systems.  Data are extracted from published literature.

INFORMATION  SYSTEM  FOR HAZARDOUS ORGANICS IN WATER  (ISHOW).
Contains melting point,  boiling point,  partition coefficient, acid dissociation constant,
water solubility, and vapor pressure data for more than 5400 chemicals.
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
      1970-present
      Periodically, as new data become available
      U.S. EPA
                                               3-13

-------
Online Service:
      Chemical Information System, Inc., (CIS);
      Information Consultants, Inc. (ICI)
              see STUDIES ON TOXICITY APPLICABLE TO RISK ASSESSMENT
STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF WATER QUALITY INFORMATION (STORET)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Water Quality Data
      Non-bibliographic

STORET contains water quality data used by State and EPA analysts in making
water pollution control  decisions (e.g., issuing NPDES permits, establishing  water
quality standards for toxic pollutants, evaluating  the effectiveness  of regulatory
programs, and assessing concentrations  of toxic  pollutants).   Data contained  in
STORET include  aquatic biological data, hydrologic data, stream reach data, and
other related  information.  Approximately 60 million observations of water quality
parameters measured at about 200,000 monitoring  sites in the U.S. are included in
the data base, along with information on how and where the data were obtained.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Water
      Phillip Lindestruth
      8-382-7220
STUDIES ON TOXICITY APPLICABLE TO RISK ASSESSMENT (STARA)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Toxicological Data
      Non-bibliographic

This system contains available quantitative toxicological data on all EPA priority pol-
lutants (water quality and air lists).   Data are extracted from peer-reviewed studies
which are screened for appropriateness for human health risk estimation.  Related
software procedures (WYLBUR EXEC) allow generation  of formatted tables of the
original  data, tables of data in human equivalent (dose-duration) terms,  and graphs
of severity versus dose and duration.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
      Richard Hertzberg
      8-684-7582
TSCA INITIAL INVENTORY
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
      Chemical Industry; Toxicology
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

Contains information on approximately 56,000 chemical substances in commerce in
the U.S.,  covered in the  Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)  Initial  Inventory
published June 1, 1979.  Each record, providing information on one substance, in-
cludes the Chemical  Abstracts Service  (CAS)  Registry Number, preferred name,
molecular formula,  and synonyms.   Synonyms in the records  are  only  those
received in the inventory reports; additional  synonyms provided in the correspond-
ing printed version are not included.  Confidential substances and definitions of com-
plex substances are also excluded.

      Inventory current as of May 1, 1983
      Irregularly
      U.S. EPA
      DIALOG
                                           3-14

-------
TSCA 8(a) LEVEL
Subject:
Type:
Content:
   A INFORMATION SYSTEM (LEVELSfA))
      Chemical Use and Exposure
      Non-bibliographic
              The Preliminary Assessment Information Rule (PAIR), under section 8(A) of TSCA, re-
              quires chemical manufacturers to submit general use and exposure data to EPA on
              approximately 250 chemicals. The information submitted includes data on the quan-
              tities of chemicals  manufactured, amounts  directed to certain classes of use,  and
              potential exposures and environmental releases associated with the  manufacturing
              or processing of the chemicals.  The LEVEL8(A) Information System contains these
              data collected under the PAIR.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:

TSCA PLUS
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Office of Toxic Substances
      Maureen Guild
      8-382-3623
      Chemical Identification, Manufacturing, and Use
      Non-bibliographic
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
This data base lists chemicals in the TSCA initial inventory of 1976, plus additions as
of 1981, and includes plant and production data exclusive to  SDC Information Ser-
vices.  The chemical records in the data base include molecular formula, registry
number, chemical name, synonyms, and  data on manufacturers, amount produced
and used. Name, contact person, address, and number of substance producers are
also included.

      1976-present
      Continuously
      Office of the Toxic Substances
      SDC Information Services
TSCA TEST SUBMISSIONS (TSCATS1
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Chemical Test Results
      Chemical Indexing

The TSCATS data base represents a compilation of testing data gathered by EPA
from chemical manufacturers and processors.   It is designed to provide indexing
terms and descriptors that will enable users to conduct focused searches of industry
submissions under TSCA.  Each record in the data base contains essential chemical
tracking  information (document number, title,  microfiche  number, TSCA section
code, CAS number), and  descriptors for subject category  (health  effects,  environ-
mental effects, environmental fate) and various aspects of the experimental design
(study type, subject organism/test system, route of exposure, and  test substance).
The system documents approximately 1500 tests for 1232 chemicals.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Toxic Substances, Information Management Division
      Doug Sellers
      8-382-2320
TSDF
              see AIR  EMISSIONS FROM  TREATMENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES
              FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                          3-15

-------
WHOLE-BODY COUNT AND BIOASSAY fWBC)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
      Radionuclide Intake by Humans
      Non-bibliographic

Thfs data base, which is under development, will hold data on ingested and inhaled
radionuclide levels in humans (radiation workers and the general public) relative to
Nevada Test Site operations and laboratory activities.  These data have been col-
lected  since 1963 and are  being  extracted from  reports,  internal  memoranda,
monitoring logs, and  raw data. Mobilized whole body counters are being developed
for future data collection in the field.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
      Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
      Anita Mullen
      8-545-2597
                                            3-16

-------
3.2  NON-EPA DATA BASES


   The following are automated  non-EPA data bases.  Some of the data bases below were identified
through personal  interviews with EPA and non-EPA employees.  Most of the data bases, however, were
selected from other data base directories6 because of their apparent usefulness in performing risk assess-
ments. The information on each data base was taken directly from these other directories, which should be
consulted for further information on these and other data  bases.
ACS JOURNALS ONLINE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Chemistry Journals
      Full Text
    Producer:
    Online Service:

AGRICOLA
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
This data base contains over 50,000 articles (full text) from 18 journals published by
the American Chemical Society. The journals covered are:  (1) Accounts of Chemi-
cal Research ,  (2) Analytical Chemistry (only research papers),  (3) Biochemistry  ,
(4)  Chemical Reviews, (5) Environmental Science and Technology  (1982-present,
only research papers), (6) Inorganic Chemistry, (7) Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry,  (8) Journal of the American Chemical Society  (July 1980-present),  (9)
Journal of  Chemistry and Engineering Data, (10) Journal of Chemical Information
and Computer Science,  (11) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1976 present), (12)
Journal of Physical Chemistry , (13) Langmuir (1985-present),  (14) Macromolecules,
and (\5)Organometallics. (1982-present).  For the Journal of The American Chemi-
cal  Society, Journal of Organic Chemistry,  Inorganic Chemistry, and  Organometal-
lics, the Registry Numbers assigned by Chemical Abstracts Service are included.

      American Chemical Society
      Bibliographic Retrieval  System (BRS)
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Agriculture, Food Sciences and Nutrition
      Reference (Bibliographic)

This data base contains citations to government reports, monographs, journal litera-
ture, serials, etc.,  in agriculture and other related areas. This information has been
acquired by The  National Agricultural Library for use  by The U.S. Department of
Agriculture.  Covered topics include animal  sciences, chemistry and engineering,
food and human nutrition, forestry, natural resources, pesticides, soils and fertilizers,
water resources, and impact of chemicals in living organisms.
      1970-present
      Approximately 12,000 records/month
      U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Library
      Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS) and DIALOG
6 Cuadra Associates, Inc. 1985. Directory of Online Databases, Volume 6, Number 3.  LC Catalog Number
79 54776. Santa Monica, CA.  Zaronzny,  Sharon and Monica Honer.  1984.  The Federal Data Base Finder,
A Directory of Free and Fee-Based Data Bases and Files Available from the Federal Government. 1984-85
Edition. Information USA, Inc. Potomac,  MD.
                                               3-17

-------
AIR/WATER POLLUTION REPORT
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Air and Water - Laws and Regulations
      Full Text

This data base contains Air/Water Pollution Report (full text), which is a newsletter
that covers  air and  water pollution.   It concentrates  on environmental  laws  and
regulations, especially on the Clean Air and  Clean Water Acts.

      1982-present
      Every week
      Business Publishers, Inc.
      NewsNet, Inc.
AOUALINE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Environment, Aquatic Sciences
      Reference (Bibliographic)

This  data base   includes over  87,000  citations,  with  abstracts,  to  literature
(worldwide)  on  aspects of waste  water,  water, and  the  aquatic  environment.
Relevant topics are:  (1) surface water, (2) waste water treatment, (3)  groundwater,
(4) water sampling  and analysis,  (5) groundwater  pollution, (6)  drinking water
quality, (7) sludge utilization and other related topics.

      1960-present
      Approximately 550 records/month
      DIALOG
AQUATIC SCIENCES AND FISHERIES ABSTRACTS (ASFA)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:

    Online Service:
       Aquatic Sciences
       Reference (Bibliographic)

 This data base contains citations with abstracts to literature on science, technology,
 and management  of marine, brackish,  and freshwater environments.  It includes
 these  and related  subjects: agriculture;  aquatic biology; ecology and ecosystems;
 environmental studies; fisheries; limnology; marine biology, pollution, and technol-
 ogy; and water pollution.

       1978-present
       About 3000 records a month
       Cambridge Scientific Abstracts,
       Inter-governmental Oceanographic Commission, United Nations
       DIALOG, CISTI
 BIOSC1ENCES INFORMATION SERVICE (BIOSIS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
       Life Sciences
       Bibliographic

 BIOSIS  contains  citations  and  abstracts from  Biological Abstracts,  Biological
 Abstracts/Reports, Reviews, Meetings, and Bioresearch Index. Together, these pub-
 lications  constitute  a major  English  language service  providing comprehensive
 worldwide coverage of research in the life sciences.
    Time Span:
    Online Service:
       1969-present
       DIALOG
                                                3-18

-------
CANCER LITERATURE (CANCERLIT; formerly CANCERLINE)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time* Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Cancer
      Bibliographic

CANCERLIT contains about 521,000 references dealing with various aspects of can-
cer.  All references have English abstracts.  Over 3,500 U.S. and foreign journals, as
well  as  selected  monographs,  meeting papers, reports,  and  dissertations  are
abstracted for inclusion in CANCERLIT.

      1963-present
      Monthly (5,000 additions per month)
      National Library of Medicine
CARCINOGENESIS BIOASSAY DATA SYSTEM (CBDS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Toxicology
      Numeric

This data base contains data on approximately 600 chemical compounds being
tested for toxicity.  Data is mostly carcinogenic results of tests on rats exposed to
environmental  chemicals. Retrievable information includes: specific animal, dose of
chemical, animal age, results, organs affected and kinds of tumors.   Examples of
chemicals tested  include  compounds  in  pesticides  and over-the-counter drugs.
CBDS is searchable in batch mode.

      1973-present
      Monthly
      National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
CAS ONLINE (also known as CA SEARCH)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Chemistry
      Reference (Bibliographic)

This data base contains citations to literature in chemistry; organic, analytical, physi-
cal, applied, macromolecular, biochemical, and chemical engineering.  Covers jour-
nals, monographs, conference proceedings, and technical reports.  Contains bibliog-
raphic information and keyword index entries from the printed Chemical Abstracts,
CAS-assigned subject terms, and Registry Numbers.

      1967-present
      BRS and CISTI about 40,000 records per month;
      DIALOG, Data-Star, ESA-IRS, JICST, SDC about 19,000
      records every two weeks.
      Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
      Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS), CISTI, DIALOG,
      Systems Development Corporation (SDC)
                                               3-19

-------
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE SOURCE INDEX (CASSI)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
   Time Span:
   Updating:
   Producer:
   Online Service:
      Chemistry
      Reference (Bibliographic)

This data base covers scientific and technical literature relevant to chemistry, chemi-
cal engineering, and the chemical sciences.

      1900-present
      Quarterly
      Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
      Systems Development Corporation (SDC)
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS RESEARCH INFORMATION SYSTEM (CCRIS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Toxicology
      Reference (Bibliographic); Non-bibliographic (Textual Numeric)

This data base contains bibliographic references and data extracted from literature
on test  conditions and results of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and tumor produc-
tion  of  882  chemicals.  Data sources include environmental  surveys, National In-
stitute of Health sponsored studies, and international journals on cancer research.

      1971-present
      Two times per year
      U.S. National Institutes of Health
      Chemical Information System, Inc. (CIS)
CHEMICAL EVALUATION SEARCH AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (CESARS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Chemical Properties, Environmental Fate, and Toxicology
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

Contains toxicological data on approximately 195 chemicals. Data items covered in-
clude physical and  chemical  properties,  toxicity, carcinogenicity,  mutagenicity,
teratogenicity, and environmental fate.  Data are from literature which are referenced
to source documents.

      1962-present
      Annually
      Michigan Department of Natural Resources
      Chemical Information System, Inc  (CIS);
      Information Consultants, Inc. (ICI)
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Effects of Contaminants on Animals and Humans
      Reference (Bibliographic)
                  Contains data from journal  articles, conferences, and reports. Traces toxic chemi-
                  cals and other substances to evaluate their effects.  Includes information on chemi-
                  cal properties, synonyms, CAS Registry Numbers, formulas, tissue measured, analyti-
                  cal method used, demographics, keywords, systemic names, etc.  Has all the infor-
                  mation one needs when examining toxicity of various substances and their effects
                  on animals and humans.
                                               3-20

-------
   Time Span:
   Updating:
   Producer:
   Online Service:
      1974-present
      Annually
      Oak Ridge National Library, Chemical Effects Information Center
      DIALOG
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Toxicology
      Reference (Bibliographic); Non-bibliographic (Textual Numeric)

Contains citations to literature on over 1000 chemicals that have been identified in
human biological  media and reported effects of metals,  pesticides, and other sub-
stances on the human body.  Each record includes bibliographic information, Chemi-
cal  Abstracts Service systematic name and Registry Number, chemical properties,
formulas, synonyms, tissue levels  measured, analytical method  used, number and
sex of cases, demographic  samples, health effects, geographic location, and animal
studied.

      1974-present
      About 2000 records a year
      Science Applications International Corp.
      DIALOG, U.S. DOE (RECON)
CHEMICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM fCIS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:

    Online Service:
      Chemistry
      Reference (Bibliographic)

This data base provides  cross-reference to all citations of a chemical  or class of
chemicals cited in the Federal Register (FR) since January 1, 1978.  Each mention
of a substance in the Register results in a citation in the data base, with a descrip-
tion of the FR article as it concerns the cited substance or substances,  the agency
or agencies  involved, the actions being taken or proposed,  significant dates, and the
affected sections of the CFR (Code of Federal Regulations).

      1978-present
      Continuously
      NIH/EPA Chemical  Information System User Support
      Computer Sciences Corporation
      Chemical Information System, Inc.
 CHEMICAL REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES SYSTEM (CRGS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
       Chemical Regulations
       Reference (Bibliographic)

This data base provides an index to U.S. Federal regulatory material on the control
of chemical substances and  covers federal statutes, promulgated regulations, avail-
able federal  guidelines, standards,  and support documents.   CRGS  follows the
regulatory cycle and includes an up-to-date reference to each  document, including
main documents  and revisions published in the Federal Register.  Each chemical
cited in a regulatory document is indexed by name, CAS Registry Number, and a
chemical  role tag. The latter shows the context in which the substances appear in
the  document. Citations show publication title,  date,  abstract, index  terms  and
chemical^identifiers.
                                               3-21

-------
   Time Span:
   Updating:
   Producer:
   Online Service:
      May 1981-present
      Monthly
      CRC Systems, Inc.
      DIALOG
CHEMICAL REGULATION REPORTER
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Current Developments in Chemical Industry and Regulation
      Full Text

Contains full  text of the current  developments section of Chemical  Regulation
Reporter, covering legislative, regulatory, and industry activities related to control of
chemicals in the air, water, land, and workplace.  Includes control of  pesticides,
chemical  testing, transportation  of  hazardous materials,  waste  disposal, and
recordkeeping.  Primary source is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

      1982-present
      Weekly
      Bureau of National Affairs
      Mead Data Central
CHEMLAW
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Chemical Regulations
      Reference (Bibliographic)

This data base  covers U.S.  agencies'  regulations  relating to the  manufacture,
storage, use, transportation and disposal of chemical substances.   Available with
summaries, CFR title headings, CFR citations, promulgating agency and statutory
authority.

      The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.
      DIALOG
CHEML1NE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Chemical Dictionary
      Source (Numeric)

Contains over 500,000 records on chemical substances found in the following data
bases:  TOXLINE; TOXBACK 65;  TOXBACK 74; MEDLINE; and TDB data bases;
also,  the  EPA  Toxic  Substances Control Act  Inventory.  Also contains National
Library of Medicine file locator and limited ring information.  This  data base helps
the user in searching  the other MEDLARS data base by providing synonyms and
CAS Registry Numbers, the  use of which can increase retrieval in those data bases.
CHEMLINE can also be searched to locate classes of chemical substances.
    Time Span:
    Producer:

    Online Service:
       1965-present
       U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute,
       International Cancer Research Data Bank Program
       National Library of Medicine, DIALOG (CHEMLINE is under the
       name CHEMNAME in DIALOG), SDC Information Service
       (CHEMLINE is under the name CHEMDEX in SDC)
                                               3-22

-------
CHEMSEARCH

    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

Contains nomenclature information by substances not yet entered in CHEMSIS that
have appeared in the most recent 3 updates of CA SEARCH.  Elements of data in-
clude CAS Registry Number, molecular formula, and  systematic  names  from the
Chemical Abstracts Substance Index.
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Most recent 3 updates of CA SEARCH
      Every 2 weeks
      DIALOG
CHEM SINGLY INDEXED SUBSTANCES (CHEMSIS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

This data base  includes  CAS  Registry Number, molecular formula,  systematic
names from the Chemical Abstracts Substance Index, synonyms, and ring data. Ad-
ditional search terms generated by DIALOG for this database are also included.

      1967-present
      Current collective index period, irregularly; earlier periods, not updated.
      DIALOG
CHEMTRAN
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Chemistry-Properties
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

Is a component of a process simulation system that combines data on physical
properties of compounds and constants with the software  necessary to perform
vapor liquid equilibrium calculations.  Data on  857 compounds cover molecular
weight, normal boiling points, critical properties,  ideal gas heat capacities, acentric
factors, solubility parameters, liquid density, vapor pressures,  and heats of vaporiza-
tion.  The user may also supply a 2 dimensional chemical structure for any com-
pound not in the file and the system will estimate the physical  properties of that com-
pound.

      Monthly
      ChemShare Corporation; Control Data Corporation;
      General Electric Information Services Company
 CHEMZERO
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

 Contains nomenclature information for over I million chemical  substances that are
 not  cited in Chemical  Abstracts.   The  following  data items from the Registry
 Nomenclature and Structure Service are included: CAS Registry Number, molecular
 formula,  systematic  names  from the Chemical Abstracts Substance  Index, and
 synonyms. Additional search terms generated by DIALOG for this database are also
 included.
                                               3-23

-------
   Time Span:
   Updating:
   Online Service:
      1965-present
      Irregularly
      DIALOG
CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Health
      Reference (Bibliographic)

This data base contains citations and  abstracts  of literature about health indexes.
The system  includes both  published and unpublished materials in a variety of lan-
guages; book  reviews; information about forthcoming conferences, meetings, semi-
nars, etc., relating to the development and/or application of health measures; and a
bulletin board  file with information pertaining to the development of health indexes
such as forthcoming books, libraries, and technical information centers.  "Health in-
dexes" refers to the overall health of an individual or group, and concerns measures
of health, not  disease.  Examples  of topics covered include:  number  of cancer
deaths, life expectancy, quality of life, and biometry.  The data base contains multi-
disciplinary materials in fields such as sociology,  psychology, economics  and politi-
cal science.

      1973-present
      Continuously
      Department of Health and Human Services
      Office of Analysis and Epidemiology
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS (CTCP>
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:

    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Toxicology
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

A database system that contains chemical and toxicological  information on  over
20,000  commercial products  derived from  3000  chemicals.   Records  can be
retrieved by manufacturer, trade  name, manufacturer's approved usage,  date of
most recent change in chemical formulation, chemical  names of ingredients, and
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number.  Includes data on toxicity, symptoms,
and treatments.

      1984
      Data from monthly bulletins added quarterly;
      is completely replaced with each new edition.
      U.S. EPA; U.S. Food and Drug Admin., U.S. National Institutes of Health
      Chemical Information System, Inc. (CIS)
 COMPLIANCE ALERT: FEDERAL REGISTER DIGEST
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
       Energy; Environment; Government-U.S. Federal; Safety
       Reference (Bibliographic)

 Contains summaries  of federal  regulations pertaining to the environment,  waste
 management, energy, and the Occupational  Safety and  Health Administration
 (OSHA).  Covers relevant sections of the Federal Register and the Code of Federal
 Regulations.

       1984-present
       Weekly
       Bureau of Law & Business, Inc.
       CompuServe Consumer Information Service; NewsNet, Inc.
                                               3-24

-------
COMPLIANCE MANAGEMENT REPORT
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
       Compliance with Environmental and Safety Requirements
       Full Text

Contains full text of Compliance Management Report, a newsletter on legal  and
practical problems encountered  in complying with federal laws and  regulations in
the environmental protection and occupational health and safety areas.  Covers air
pollution, hazardous materials and wastes, and technologies supporting compliance
with regulations.

       1984-present
       Monthly
       Bureau of Law & Business, Inc.
       NewsNet, Inc.
PARC
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Chemical Structure
      Search System

DARC is an integrated chemical search system which operates on the (1) almost
seven million chemical compounds in the Chemical Abstracts Service; (2) the almost
four million compounds in the Index Chemicals Online file; and (3) the 40,000 com-
pounds and 40,000 complete low resolution mass spectra in the SPECTRA file (NIH-
EPA  Mass Spectra Data  Center).  Searching is done on structures,  substructures,
and Markush Formulae.

      1965-present
      Monthly (depends on specific file)
      Questel, Inc.
DMS
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Online Service:
      Hydrologic and Water Quality Data
      Non-bibliographic (Numeric)

Contains hydrologic and water quality data collected from field work and laboratory
tests by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, and Environmental Protection Agency.   Software systems allow users  to
analyze time series data, land segments hydrologic response, wash-off and routing
in channels and reservoirs, and momentum equations.

      Hydrocomp, Inc.
DORTMUND VLE DATA BANK
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
   Time Span:
   Updating:
   Producer:
   Online Service:
      Chemistry-Properties
      Non-bibliographic (Numeric)

Contains over 10,000  sets of vapor-liquid equilibrium data for approximately 1200
chemicals.  Each set of data contains either isobaric or isothermal data for binary,
ternary,  or quarternary systems.  Sources of data include over 2400 technical jour-
nal articles and dissertations.

      1890-present
      Twice a year
      University of Dortmund
      ChemShare Corporation
                                              3-25

-------
EMBASE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:

ENVIROLINE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Human Medicine
      Bibliographic

EMBASE provides bibliographic references and abstracts for  literature on human
medicine and related  disciplines.  Subject coverage includes  the basic biological
sciences with some relevance to human medicine, such as articles on drugs and
potential drugs.  Normally excluded are articles on nursing, dentistry, psychology,
paramedical professions, podiatry, and optometry.

      1974-present
      235,000 records added annually
      DIALOG
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Environment
      Reference (Bibliographic)

Contains citations to a broad range of issues and topics related to the environment
and the management and use  of natural resources. Major topic areas included are
air, water, and noise pollution; management of renewable and non-renewable resour-
ces of the land and water; chemicals, and biological and radiological contaminants.
Covers all types of printed literature, including conference papers, research reports,
government documents,  and journal articles.

      1971-present
      About 600 records a month
      DIALOG
ENVIRONMENT REPORTER
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Current Developments in Environmental Management
      Source (Full Text)

Contains full text  of the current developments section of Environment Reporter,
covering state and federal legislative, regulatory, and judicial activities related to pol-
lution control and the environment.   Includes  developments concerning air and
water pollution, hazardous wastes, solid wastes, mining,  land use, and sewage treat-
ment

      1982-present
      Weekly
      The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.
      Mead Data Central
ENVIRONMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
       General Environmental References
       Reference (Bibliographic)

 Contains  citations to literature  on the environment, including water,  air,  soil, and
 noise pollution, solid waste management, health hazards,  urban planning and other
 related topics.

       1973-present
       About 4000 records every 2 months
       DIALOG
                                                3-26

-------
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Chemistry-Properties; Environment; Toxicology
      Reference (Bibliographic); Non-bibliographic (Textual Numeric)

Consists of 3 interrelated files of information on the fate (i.e., transport and degrada-
tion) of organic chemicals released in the environment.

DATALOG.   Contains  over 48,000  records covering over 4000 organic chemicals
and metals.  Each record provides the chemical name, molecular formula, Chemical
Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number,  and  one or  more of  18 data items
relevant to the environmental  fate of the chemical  (e.g.,  water solubility, octanol/
water partition  coefficient, vapor  pressure, soil adsorption, Henry's Law constant,
biodegradation, hydrolysis).  Each record also contains an abbreviated reference to
the source article.

CHEMFATE. Contains actual data derived from the  literature pertinent to the fate of
over 465 representative chemicals listed  in DATALOG.  Categories of data include
chemical identification information (e.g., molecular formula,  molecular weight, chemi-
cal name, synonyms); chemodynamic properties  (e.g., log octanol/water partition
coefficient, log  acid dissociation  constant, soil adsorption, ultra-violet absorption,
vapor pressure,  solubility in water);  transport properties (e.g., bioconcentration,
evaporation  from water, Henry's  Law constant, soil column transport); laboratory
degradation  data; and environmental measurements (e.g.,  air, biota, water and soil
monitoring,  and  data from  field  studies).   Each record also includes the  CAS
Registry  Number, data type, reference to the source article, and a  summary of ex-
perimental design, methods, and results.

B1OLOG.  Contains citations  to  literature on microbial  degradation  and toxicity.
Records are organized by CAS Registry Number and  by 6 categories.

      Periodically, as new data become available
      Syracuse Research Corporation
      Syracuse Research Corporation
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NEWS
    Subject:              Environment
    Type:                Reference (Bibliographic)
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
The data base is not a bibliographic or abstracting service, but rather an environ-
mental news alert.   News stories appear weekly in the data bank, totalling ap-
proximately 15 new headlines each week. Events covered include committee recom-
mendations, activities, state and local actions, regulatory testing requirements, agen-
cy personnel changes and court rulings.

      December 1981-present
      Continuously
      Occupational Health Services, Inc.
      Occupational Health Services, Inc.
                                                3-27

-------
ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGEN INFORMATION CENTER (EMIC)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Genetic toxicology of chemicals
      Bibliographic

Includes  references indexed from journals, magazines, and professional presenta-
tions throughout the world.  Contains approximately 60,000 references.

      1968-present
      Monthly
      National Library of Medicine
ENVIRONMENTAL TERETOLOGY INFORMATION CENTER (ETIC)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Valuative of Chemical Physical-Biological Agents for Teratogenicity Activity
      Bibliographic

Includes over 40,000 references pertaining to the biochemical agents for teretology.

      1950-present
      Monthly
      National Library of Medicine
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DATA BANK (HSDB)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Producer:
    Online Service:

HAZARDLINE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Chemical Data
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

This data base contains data on more than 4100 substances that are of known  or
potential toxicity and to which substantial populations are exposed.  Covers environ-
mental health, standards, and regulations, monitoring and  analysis, and safety and
handling.

      National Library of Medicine
      National Library of Medicine
      Chemistry-Properties; Environment; Toxicology
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

Contains regulatory, health, and  precautionary data on over 75,000 hazardous
chemicals.  Includes chemical name;  chemical formula; synonyms,  including brand
and trade names; Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number;  identification
number from the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (see RTECS);
U.S. Department of Transportation  (DOT) UN/PLACARD number; U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA)  hazardous  waste number; a physical description of the
substance; chemical and  physical properties; incompatibility with  other  chemical
substances; emergency procedures in the event of personal contact; route of entry
of the substance into the body; permissible exposure levels, including carcinogenic,
mutagenic, and teratogenic data,  CERCLA Hazard  Ratings,  EPA reportable quan-
tities, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acceptable daily intake and food toleran-
ces; level of danger to life or health; relevant federal regulations and abstracts of
state laws on hazardous materials, transportation, storage, and state right-to-know
laws; and guidelines and  procedures for dealing with hazardous leaks, spills, and
waste disposal. Users  can retrieve data on specific chemical  substances by search-
ing on various criteria,  including chemical name, synonym, keyword, chemical for-
mula, CAS Registry Number, RTECS  number,  or symptoms of exposure.   Sources
                                               3-28

-------
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
of data include (OSHA) and EPA standards and regulations, as weff as National In-
stitute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) criteria documents.

       Most services, daily; Mead Data Central, quarterly
       Occupational Health Services, Inc.
       Bibliographic Retrieval System (BBS); Executive
       TelecomSystem, Inc.; Mead Data Central
HEILBRON
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
       Chemistry-Properties
       Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

Contains physical and chemical properties data on approximately 70,000 important
substances selected by a panel of experts. Includes molecular weight and formula;
melting, freezing, and boiling point; solubility; relative density;  optical rotation; dis-
sociation constants; and  Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number,  derivative
names, synonyms, and variant compounds.

       Current information
       Every 6 months
       DIALOG
INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:

LEXIS
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Educational Materials and Institutions Concerning Water Resources
      Reference (Bibliographic, Referral)

Contains citations, with abstracts,  to educational and instructional materials (both
print and non-print) on water quality and water resources. Topics covered include
water quality, water resources, water pollution control, water treatment, waste  dis-
posal, wastewater treatment, water quality monitoring, safety, standards, pesticides
and toxic substances.

      1979-present
      About 1300 records a year
      CompuServe Consumer Information Service
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Court Cases and Actions
      Full-Text

LEXIS contains the full-text court decisions for complete legal cases and relevant
text from a few pending cases.  The court cases included in LEXIS are from both
federal and local levels taking place in the entire U.S. as well as internationally (court
cases from Great Britain and France are included).  In addition to court case ac-
tions, LEXIS contains the full text of other legal-related non-case law material includ-
ing college law reviews,  Commerce Clearinghouse Materials, American Bar Associa-
tion publications, and publications from the Bureau of National Affairs.

      State court cases are from approximately 1976 to present;
      federal court cases are from the 1800's to present.
      An effort is under way to include court cases dating back to the mid  1700's.
      As court cases are decided
      Mead Data Central
                                               3-29

-------
LOG P DATABASE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Chemistry-Properties
      Non-bibliographic (Numeric)

Contains about 27,500 records providing partition coefficients (log P values) and re-
lated data for over 13,000 organic compounds in about 300 solvents.  Includes com-
pound name, log P value, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number,  molecular
formula,  chemical name, Wiswesser Line Notation (WIN), Acid Dissociation Con-
stant  (PKA),  and citations to  source  documents.   Data can be  used to predict
properties (e.g.,  absorption,  solubility) and  interactions of substances in  chemical
and biological procedures and processes.

      1965 to date
      About 1250 records twice a year
      Pomana College Medical Chemistry Project
      Technical  Database Services, Inc.
MASTER WATER DATA INDEX (MWDI)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Online Service:

 MEDLTNE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Aquatic Sciences
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

 Contains about 500,000 sites throughout the U.S. from which water data (both sur-
 face and ground) is collected. Site information includes:  location, organization col-
 lecting  information, status of collection project and water quality parameter data.
 The data base can  be searched  by geographical  area,  type of  site,  and lon-
 gitude/latitude position.

       1976-present
       U.S. Geological Survey NAWDEX Program Office
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
       Medical
       Bibliographic

 MEDLINE contains approximately 600,000 references to biomedical journal articles
 published in the current and two proceeding years. An English abstract, if published
 with  the article,  is frequently  included.   The articles  are from  3,000 journals
 published in the U.S and to foreign countries, as well as from selected monographs.

       1966-present
       Monthly
       National Library of Medicine
 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL DATA REFERRAL SERVICE (NEDRES)
     Subject:
     Type:
     Content:
       Environment; Information Systems & Services Directories
       Reference (Bibliographic, Referral)

 Contains over 13,000 descriptions of sources of publicly available environmental
 data, collected by environmental satellites, oceanographic vessels, weather stations,
 bouy, and  environmental observers.  Type  of data sources covered  include com-
 puter readable  data files,  printed  publications, data  file  documentation  (e.g.,
 manuals, code book), and  organizations that provide environmental data.  Covers
 cHmatological, meteorological, oceanographic, geophysical, geological, geographic,
 hydrological and limnological data.  Each  record includes title  or name  of  data
 source; descriptions of purpose and general characteristics of the data; data collec-
                                                3-30

-------
   Time Span:
   Updating:
   Producer:

   Online Service:
tion methods;  data  processing and quality control; time period; geographic area;
names of observed or computed parameters  and variables;  general descriptors
such as  chemical compound and biological  organism names;  availability  of data
(e.g., contact person or organization  and volume, media, and conditions of use);
principal  investigator(s); program, project name or acronyms, and contract or grant;
processing organization (if different  from contact); related  publications; and dis-
cipline, type, and organization codes.

      1974-present
      Quarterly
      National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
      National Environmental Data Referral Service
      Bibliographic  Retrieval System (BRS)
NATIONAL GROUNDWATER INFORMATION CENTER DATA BASE (NGWIC)
    Subject:             Ground and Surface Water Use
    Type:                Bibliographic
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
The NGWIC data base contains references on the occurrence and utilization of sur-
face and ground water, and on water well technology.  Indexed titles include trade
and  technical journals and newsletters, books, and government documents.  Be-
cause EPA established the National Groundwater Information Center, there  is spe-
cial emphasis in the data base on EPA-sponsored reports.

      Depends on the journal; some since 1890
      Monthly
      National Water Well Association
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY (NOES)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Online Service:
      Exposure Assessment
      Non-bibliographic

The  content  of this  information  resource  is the same as the NOHS data base
described immediately below, except NOES covers the time frame 1981- 1983 and
NOHS covers 1970 -1974.

      1981-1983
      David Sundin, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
      (513) 684-4491
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD SURVEY (NOHS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Online Service:
      Exposure Assessment
      Non-bibliographic

The content of this data base, available on printout, lists either industries or occupa-
tions for which the NOHS indicated a potential  exposure to the listed agents.  The
survey data were collected during the period  1972 to 1974 from a sample of 4,636
businesses employing nearly 900,000 workers.   Exposure estimates were  derived
based on observed uses of a specific agent, and observed uses of a product known
or suspected to contain an agent.

      1970-1974
      David Sundin, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
      (513) 684-4491
                                              3-31

-------
NATIONAL PESTICIDE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (NPIRS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Producer:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
                    Pesticide Chemical and Registration Data
                    Non-bibliographic

              This data base contains  information that describes the key characteristics of pes-
              ticides.  Included are approximately 50,000  products registered by the EPA as well
              as thousands of state registrations.  One valuable source of information about pes-
              ticides that is available on-line through NPIRS is the Pesticide Fact Sheets. These
              fact sheets are prepared  as new pesticides are first registered, or as registration
              standards or special reviews are completed for old pesticides.  Each fact sheet sum-
              marizes the following characteristics of a pesticide chemical:  chemical description
              and characteristics; use  patterns and  formulations;  toxicological  characteristics;
              physiological and behavioral characteristics; environmental fate and effects; ground-
              water concerns; food residue tolerances; reported incidents; EPA's regulatory posi-
              tion and supporting rationale; and major gaps in the supporting data base.

                    Purdue University
                    1982-present
                    Weekly
                    Martin Marietta Data Systems
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
                     Science & Technology
                     Reference (Bibliographic)

               Contains  over 1 million citations,  most with abstracts, to unrestricted  technical
               reports from U.S. and non U.S. government-sponsored research, development, and
               engineering analyses. The unpublished U.S. reports are prepared by federal, state,
               and local agencies  and  their contractors or grantees.  Major areas covered  include
               the  biological, social, and  physical sciences, mathematics, engineering, and busi-
               ness information. Includes announcements of computer-readable software and data
               flies, U.S. Government-owned inventions,  selected  reprints,  federally sponsored
               translations, and some non-English language reports.
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
                     1974-present
                     About 5000 records a month
                     Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS); CISTI; DIALOG;
                     Mead Data Central; Systems Development Corporation (SDC)
Information Services:  TECH DATA (a special BRS)
NEXIS
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
                     Business News
                     Full Text

               NEXIS is a  full-text data base containing current business news from  printed sour-
               ces such as  magazines  (e.g., Business Week),  newspapers  (e.g., the New York
               Times and Washington Post), newsletters, and government documents.

                     Generally from 1975 to present, but this may vary for particular publications
                     Daily or weekly depending on the timing of different publications
                     Mead Data Central
                                                3-32

-------
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
       Toxicology
       Reference (Bibliographic)

 Contains more than 100,000  bibliographic citations and abstracts  of occupational
 safety and health materials pertaining mainly to toxicology.  Input is gathered from
 U.S. and foreign  literature, the personnel files of several distinguished people in the
 fields, and foreign trade.

       1975-present
       About 500 to 1,000 records a month
       National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (OHS-MSDS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Online Service:
       Chemical and Safety Information
       Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

This data base contains chemical and safety information required by the Occupation-
al Safety and Health Administration for more than 75,000 substances.  Includes sub-
stance identification, physical data, fire  and explosion data, toxicity and health ef-
fects, and spill and leak procedures.

       Occupational Health Services,  Inc.
OSHA COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION SYSTEM (OCIS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Industrial Chemicals
      Search System

The  system contains 17 separate data bases covering a wide range  of subjects.
Files include results of laboratory samples, hazardous waste site activities, and in-
dustrial  activities.  Also included in the data bases are  references,  letters of cor-
respondence between OSHA and industries, and records of industrial chemical ac-
tivities.  Total references are approximately 275,000.

      1981-present
      Monthly
      OSHA Analytical Laboratory
PASCAL
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
   Time Span:
   Updating:
   Producer:
   Online Service:
      Physical, Earth, and Life Sciences; Engineering Science
      Bibliographic

PASCAL is a multidisciplinary data base containing over 5 million citations.  Subjects
include physical science (e.g., atoms and molecules; general physical, analytical, in-
organic, and organic chemistry),  earth science (e.g., stratigraphy and hydrology),
life sciences (e.g.,  human diseases, genetics, and animal biology), and engineering
science (e.g.,  pollution, mechanical industries, and transportation).  PASCAL is a
French database, but over 70 percent of the citations are in English.

      1973-present
      Approximately 500,000 new citations each year.
      Centre de Documentation Scientifique et Technique
      Questel, Inc.
                                               3-33

-------
POLLUTION ABSTRACTS
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Pollution Research, Sources, and Controls
      Reference (Bibliographic)

Contains citations, with abstracts, to the worldwide technical and non-technical litera-
ture on  pollution research, sources, and controls.  Covers air, water, land, thermal,
noise, and  radiological  pollution; pesticides; sewage and waste treatment; environ-
mental action; and toxicity and health.

      1970-present
      Most services, about 1500 records every 2 months; BRS, monthly
      Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
      Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS); DIALOG
POPULATION INFORMATION ONLINE (TOPLINE)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:

 PROFILE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Population/Demography
      Bibliographic

POPLINE contains about  147,200  citations and abstracts  to journal  articles,
monographs, and  technical  reports in the field of population,  including basic  re-
search in demography.

      1970-present
      Monthly
      National Library of Medicine
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
       Toxicology
       Non-bibliographic

 PROFILE was  developed to  provide a structured method for abstracting,  storing,
 and retrieving toxicological data.  It contains chemicals found in the urban atmos-
 phere, water, coal, and as environmental  pollutants;  including many organic com-
 pounds  but less than ten inorganic compounds, pesticides, and  metals.  PROFILE
 data records contain information on a total  of about 300 chemicals.

       1981-present
       Updated as results of new literature searches are completed.
       Systems Application, Inc.
 REGISTRY NOMENCLATURE AND STRUCTURE SERVICE (RNSS)
     Subject:
     Type:
     Content:
       Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
       Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

 Contains data that  are  based on the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)  Registry
 Nomenclature and Structure Service,  an authority file of names and structural data
 that have been registered by CAS.  The coverage and size of the data bases  on
 each online service are somewhat different, but entries have in common the follow-
 ing data items: full  nomenclature and synonyms; substructure search via nomencla-
 ture; preferred, alternate, replaced, and replacing Registry Numbers; molecular for-
 mula; and ring system information. The data bases available through RNSS include:

 CHEMDEX.  Covers all substances cited in Chemical Abstracts, 1972 to date.
                                                3-34

-------
CHENILINE. Covers substances appearing with a CAS Registry Number in any Na-
tional Library of Medicine data base or in the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
Inventory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Each entry contains the in-
formation listed above, as well as locators pointing to the data bases  in which the
substance is referenced.

CHEMNAME.  Covers substances that have been cited 2 or more times in Chemical
Abstracts, from 1967 to date.  Additional search terms generated by DIALOG specifi-
cally for CHEMNAME are also included.
CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE.
from 1967 to date.
Covers all substances cited in Chemical Abstracts
                           3-35

-------
REGISTRY OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES (RTECS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Updating:
    Producer:

    Online Service:
      Toxicology
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

Contains over 110,000 unevaluated  toxicological measurements pertaining to ap-
proximately 73,000 chemicals.  Each entry contains the Chemical Abstracts Service
(CAS) name and registry  number, synonyms, molecular formula, and one or more
measures of toxicity, including  acute and chronic in-vivo data, in-vitro mutagenesis
data, and skin and eye irritation data.

      Quarterly
      U.S. Dept. of Health and  Human Services, National Institute for
      Occupational Safety and Health
      Chemical Information  System, Inc., (CIS)
SOILS INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS (SIRS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Soil Characteristics
      Reference (Bibliographic); Non-bibliographic (Textual Numeric)

Contains 20,000 records compiled from the Soil Conservation Service's reports On
the characteristics and interpretive properties of all soils in the United States.  Ex-
amples  of soil information include use restrictions, potential  habitat, description  of
soil and much more.  Information is organized only by soil series.

      About 4000 revisions a month
      ETIS
STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE SEARCH SYSTEM (SANSS)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Chemical Properties
      Indexing System

SANSS is a component of the NIH/EPA Chemical Information System (CIS), and ser-
ves as an index to most of the other CIS components as well to over 100 other im-
portant sources of information on environmentally significant chemicals. These sour-
ces include EPA reports, state documents, and international lists.  Included for each
chemical are names, synonyms, molecular formulas, and structural images.
    Online Service:
      Chemical Information System (CIS), Information Sciences Corporation
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Toxicology
      Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

Contains data on more than 4,100 substances that are of known or potential toxicity
and to which substantial populations are exposed. Approximately 96 data elements
are grouped into several classes of information, including:

Substance Identification Information.  Includes  Chemical Abstracts Service Name
and Registry Number, synonyms,  and molecular formula.  Manufacturing/Use Infor-
mation.  Includes probable method of manufacture,  manufacturers, major uses, and
production data.  Chemical and Physical Properties.  Includes boiling point, melting
point, and solubility.

Manufacturing/Use  Information. Includes  probable  method  of  manufacture,
manufacturers, major uses, and production data.
                                               3-36

-------
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
Chemical  and  Physical Properties.  Includes boiling  point,  melting point  and
solubility.

Toxicity/Biomedical Effects.   Includes human and non-human toxicity, minimum
fatal dose, antidote and emergency treatment, and pharmacokinetics.

Environmental Fate/Exposure Potential  Information.   Includes average daily in-
take, probable routes of human exposure, and body burden.

Monitoring  and Analysis Methods.  Includes sampling procedures, analytic proce-
dures, and clinical laboratory methods.

Additional references.  Includes special  reports and test status.  Information has
been extracted from the published  literature  and reviewed by subject specialists
before being entered into the database.  The sources used are listed in the record
so that users can obtain more detailed information from these original sources.

       About 200  new and revised records a quarter
       National Library  of Medicine
       National Library  of Medicine
TOXLINE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
       Biomedicine; Pesticides; Toxicology
       Reference (Bibliographic)

Contains citations, with abstracts, to the literature in all areas of toxicology, includ-
ing  chemicals  and  Pharmaceuticals,  pesticides,  environmental  pollutants  and
mutagens, and teratology. Comprises discrete files.          \

Abstracts  On Health Effects Of  Environmental Pollutants' (HEEP).  Contains
records from  the  BIOSIS PREVIEWS database.  Covers  effects of  environmental
chemicals or substances, other than medicinals, on human health.

Chemical-Biological   Activities   (CBAC).    Contains  records  from  Chemical
Abstracts that cover interactions of chemical substances with biological systems in-
vivo and in-vitro. All records contain CAS registry numbers.

Hayes  File On Pesticides.   Contains citations to  published  articles on  health
aspects of  pesticides.  Is essentially a backfile for Pesticides Abstracts (see below).
Does not include abstracts (1940-1968).

Hazardous  Materials  Technical  Center Bulletin  (HMTC).  Contains citations to
published literature on the management of hazardous  materials, including disposal,
storage, and transportation.

Pesticides Abstracts.  Corresponds to a  publication, formerly known as Health
Aspects of  Pesticide Abstract Bulletin (HAPAB), prepared on the epidemiological ef-
fects of pesticides  on humans, from more than  1000 journals  published in the U.S.
and other countries.

Toxic Materials Information Center File (TM1C).  Contains citations  and abstracts
on toxic materials  prepared  by the TMIC.  Oak  Ridge  National Laboratory (1940 to
1973).

Toxicity Bibliography.  Is a subset of the MEDLINE database.  Covers adverse ef-
fects, toxicity, or poisoning caused by drugs and chemicals, as well  as disease con-
ditions induced  by chemical substances.  All records contain Chemical Abstracts
Service Registry  Numbers (1965 to date).
                                               3-37

-------
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
Toxicology/Epidemiology Research  Projects (RPROJ).  Contains descriptions of
research projects supported  by research  grants and contracts programs of the
Public Health Service, or conducted  intramurally by the U.S. National Institutes of
Health (NIH) and the National Institute of Mental Health in the areas of toxicology
and epidemiology.

Toxicology  Document  and  Data Depository  (TD3).   Contains  citations to the
report literature dealing  with  toxicology  and related subjects.  Information is ob-
tained from the NTIS database (1979 to date).

      Varies by file
      About 12,000 records a month
      National Library of Medicine
      National Library of Medicine
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:
      Waste Management; Resource Recovery
      Reference (Bibliographic)

Contains citations, with abstracts, to the worldwide literature covering solid, liquid,
hazardous, and nuclear waste management; water quality;  toxic substances; land
reclamation; and resources recovery.  Emphasis in these areas  is on air pollution,
agricultural  engineering,  civil  engineering, food  science,  geology,  and  nuclear
science.    Sources  include  government  reports, journal  articles,  monographs,
proceedings, news items, patents, and other databases.

      March 1971-present
      Every 2 weeks, about 30,000 records a year
      International Research & Evaluation
WATER DATA SOURCES DIRECTORY (WDSD)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Updating:
    Producer:
       Aquatic Sciences
       Reference (Bibliographic)

 Contains information on over 700 organizations that are water data users and collec-
 tors.   Organizations include consultants, businesses,  universities and governmental
 agencies.  Data includes background information on each listing, and the name, ad-
 dress  and  phone number of a contact person in each organization. WDSD can be
 searched by geographical area, agency code, or multistate organizations.

       Continuously
       U.S. Geological Survey NAWDEX Program Office
 WATER DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM fWATSTORE)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
       Aquatic Sciences and Water Resources
       Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)

 This database stores the hydrologic data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at
 more than 70,000 water sites nationwide. The system  consists of several files. The
 Station  Header  File contains  identification, location  and physical descriptions of
 sites for which data is stored.   The Daily Values  Files  contains river stages,
 streamflow values, water temperatures, specific  conductance values, sediment con-
 centrations and discharges,  and other parameters  that are measured on a daily
 schedule.  The Peak Flow File contains peak streamflow and stage values for sur-
 face water sites.  The Unit Values File contains stream discharge values, tempera-
                                                3-38

-------
    Updating:
    Producer:
tures, and other parameters that are measured on a schedule more frequently than
daily. The Water Quantity File contains results of chemical, physical, biological and
radiochemical analyses for both surface and ground  waters.  The Ground-Water
Site Inventory File contains  inventory information  such as site location and  iden-
tification data, well-construction data, geohydrologic characteristics, and other data
pertinent to wells, springs, and other sources of ground water.

      Frequently
      U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Exchange Office
WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Aquatic Sciences; Water Resources
      Reference (Bibliographic)

Contains about 180,000 citations, with abstracts, to scientific and technical literature
on the water-resource-related aspects of the physical, social, and life sciences.  Also
covers related engineering and legal aspects  of the characteristics,  conservation,
control,  use, and management of water resources.  Topics covered include the na-
ture of water and water cycles; water quality management and protection; and water
resources planning.

      1968 to date
      About 500 records a month
      U.S. Geological Survey
      DIALOG; U.S. Department of Energy (RECON)
WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTERS (WRSIQ
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Online Service:

WATERLINE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Aquatic Sciences
      Reference (Bibliographic)

Contains 140,000 abstracts, indexes and citations to materials in the following fields:
nature of water; resources data; watercycles; engineering works; water supply aug-
mentation and conservation; water quality management, control  and protection;
manpower, grants  and facilities; and scientific and technical  information.  WRSIC
also maintains a data base of information about current water resources projects.

      1968-present
      About 10,000 records a month
      DOE (RECON); DIALOG (File 17)
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Ground-Water Quality and Quantity
      Full Text

Provides access to a wide variety of information on the quality and quantity of U.S.
ground-water resources.  Includes full text of relevant state and federal regulations
covering ground water leasing and public information brochures on  ground water.

      Irregularly
      National Water Well Association
      CompuServe Consumer Information Service
                                               3-39

-------
WATERNET
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Water Quality
      Reference (Bibliographic)

Contains citations, with abstracts,  to literature on  water  quality, analytical  proce-
dures for water quality testing, water system materials, and environmental issues re-
lated to water.  Includes these specific topics: the drinking  water industry, water pol-
lution,  health  effects,  toxicology.   Items are  selected  from  books, conference
proceedings,  journals,  newsletters, standards,  handbooks, water quality standard
test methods.

      1971-present
      Quarterly; about 5000 records a year
      American Water Works Association
      DIALOG
WETLAND VALUES BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Time Span:
    Updating:
    Producer:
    Online Service:
      Aquatic Sciences; Wetlands
      Reference (Bibliographic)

Contains approximately 4000 citations, with abstracts, to literature on functions and
values of wetlands in the U.S.  Covers food  chain, habitat, human use, hydrologic
and water quality values, as well as wetland  value assessment techniques, and re-
lated bibliographies.

      1950-present
      Monthly
      U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, U.S. Dept.  of the Interior
      U.S. Department of Energy
3.3  ADDRESSES OF ONLINE SERVICES AND PRODUCERS


    This  section contains an alphabetical  listing of online services and the producers of the data bases
described above.


       American Water Work Association
       Technical Library
       6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO  80235
       Telephone: (303)794-7711
       Telex: 45-0895


       American Chemical Society
       115516th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.  20036
       Telephone: (202) 872-8066; (800) 424-6767
       Telex: 440159 ACSPUI
                                               3-40

-------
Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS)
1200 Route 7, Latham, NY  12110
Telephone: (518) 783-1161; (800) 227-5277; (800) 553 5566 (N.Y only)
TWX: (710) 444-4965                   .

Bureau of Law and Business, Inc.
64 Wall Street, Madison, CT 06443
Telephone: (203)245-7448

The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.
Data Base Publishing Unit
1231 25th Street, NW
Washington, D.C.  20037
Telephone: (202) 452-4132; (800) 862-4636
Telex: 892692

Business Publishers, Inc.
951 Pershing Drive
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Telephone: (301) 587-6300

Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
5161 River Road
Bethesda, MD   20816
Telephone:  (301) 951-1400; (800) 638-8076
Telex: 898452 DISCING BHDA

Chemical Abstracts Service
2540 Olentangy River Road
P.O. Box 3012
Columbus, OH  43210
Telephone:  (614) 421-3600; (800) 848-6533
Telex: 6842086 CHMAB
TWX: (810)482-1608

Chemical Information System, Inc.
Computer Sciences Corporation
P.O. Box 2227
6565 Arlington Blvd.
Falls Church, VA 22046
Telephone: (703) 237-2000
                                          3-41

-------
ChemShare Corporation
P.O. Box 1885
Houston, TX  77001
Telephone: (713) 627-8945

CISTI
Client Services CAN/OLE and CAN/SDI
National Research Council Canada
Ottawa, Ontario K1A OS2
Canada
Telephone: (613)993-1210
Telex:  0533115

CompuServe Consumer Information Service
5000 Arlington Centre Blvd.
Columbus, OH  43220
Telephone: (614) 457-8600; (800) 848-8990

Control Data Corporation
P.O. Box O
Minneapolis, MN  55440
Telephone:  (612) 853-8100; (800) 328-1870

DIALOG Information Services, Inc.
3460 Hillview Avenue
Palo Alto, CA  94304
Telephone: (415) 858-3785; (800) 334-2564
Telex: 334499 DIALOG
TWX:  (910)339-9221

 ElC/Intelligence Inc.
 48 West 38th Street
 New York, NY  10018
 Telephone: (212) 944-8500; (800) 223-6275
 Telex:  668298

 Environmental Quality
 Instructional Resources Center
 The Ohio State University
 1200 Chambers Road, Room 310
 Columbus, OH  43212
 Telephone: (614) 422-6717
                                          3-42

-------
Environmental Studies Institute
2074 Alameda Padre Serra
Santa Barbara, CA  93103
Telephone:  (805) 965-5010

Executive Information Service
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
P.O. Box 437
One Wiley Drive
Somerset, NJ  08873
Telephone:  (212) 850-6360

Executive Telecom System, Inc.
9585 Valparaiso Court
Indianapolis, IN   46268
Telephone:  (317) 872-2045; (800) 421-8884

General Electric Information Services Company
401 North Washington Street
Rockvffle, MD  20850
Telephone:  (301)340-4000
Telex:  898431

Hydrocomp, Inc.
201 San Antonio Circle
Mountain View, CA  94040
Telephone:  (415) 948-3919
Telex:  348357

Information Consultants, Inc.
1133 15th Street, N.W.
Suite 300
Washington, D.C.   20005
Telephone: (202) 822-5200

Information Sciences Corporation
2135 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C.   20007
Telephone: (202)298-6200


International Research and Evaluation
                                         3-43

-------
21098 IRE Control Center
Eagan,MN  55121
Telephone:  (612)888-9635
Telex:  29-1008

Martin Marietta Data Systems
6303 Ivy Lane
Greenbelt, MD  20770
Telephone:  (301) 982-6500

Mead Data Central
P.O. Box 933
Dayton, OH  45401
Telephone:  (513) 859-1611; (800) 227-4908

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Toxicology Research and Testing Service
MD 18-01, P.O. Box 12233
Research Triangle Park, NC  27709
Telephone:  (919) 541-3418

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH  45226
Telephone:  (513)684-4491

National Library of Medicine
Toxicology Information Program
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda,MD  20209
Telephone:  (301) 496-6193

National Technical Information Service
Database Services Division
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA  22161
Telephone:  (703)487-4807
Telex:  899405
National Water Well Association
                                         3-44

-------
 500 West "Wilson Bridge Road
 Worthington, OH  43085
 Telephone: (614) 761-1711

 NewsNet, Inc.
 945 Haverford Road
 BrynMawr, PA 19010
 Telephone: (215) 527-8030; (800) 345-1301

 Oak Ridge National Laboratory
 Environmental Mutagen Information Center
 Building 9224
 P.O. Box Y
 Oak Ridge, TN  37831
 Telephone:  (615) 574-7871

 Occupational Health Services, Inc.
 400 Plaza Drive
 P.O. Box 1505
 Secaucus, NJ  07094
 Telephone:  (201) 865-7500; (800) 223-8978
 Telex: 4754124

 OSHA Analytical Laboratory
 P.O. Box 15200
 1781S. 300 West
 Salt Lake City, UT  84115
 Telephone:  FTS-588-4270; (801) 524-4270

 Pomona  College Medicinal Chemistry Project
 Seaver Chemistry Laboratory
 Claremont, CA  91711
 Telephone:  (714) 621-8000

 Questel,  Inc.
 1625 Eye Street, N W.
 Suite 719
 Washington, D.C.  20006
Telephone:  (202) 296-1604; (800) 424-9600
Science Applications International Corporation
                                         3-45

-------
Health and Environmental Information
300 South Tulare Avenue
Oak Ridge, TN  37830
Telephone: (615) 576-6024

Systems Development Corporation (SDC) Information Services
2500 Colorado Avenue
Santa Monica, CA  90406
Telephone: (213) 453-6194; (800) 421-7229; (800) 352 6689 (in CA)
Telex:  652358
TWX:  (910)343-6643

Sigma Data Services Corp.
5515 Security Lane
Rockville,MD  20852
Telephone: (301)231-0644
Telex:  898435

State of Michigan
Department of Natural Resources
Office of Materials Control
P.O. Box 30028
Lansing, MI  48909
Telephone: (517) 373-2190

STN International
c/o Chemical Abstracts Service
2540 Olentangy River Road
P.O. Box 3012
Columbus, OH  43210
Telephone: (614) 421-3600; (800) 848-6533
Telex: 6842086 CHMAB
TWX: (810)482-1608

Syracuse Research Corporation
Merrill Lane
Syracuse, NY 13210
Telephone: (315)425-5100
Technical Database Services, Inc.
                                         3-46

-------
  10 Columbus Circle, Suite 2300
  New York, NY  10019
  Telephone:  (212) 245-0044
  Telex: 238790 NYK

  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
  Waterways Experiment Stations
  Environmental Lab
  P.O. Box 631
  Vicksburg, MS 39180
  Telephone:  (601) 634-3774

  U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
  National Agriculture Library
  Information Systems Division
  Room 203
  Beltsville, MD  20705
 Telephone: (301)344-3813
 TWX: (710) 828-0506 USDA NAL

 U.S. Dept. of Energy
 Office of Scientific and Technical Information
 P.O. Box 62
 Oak Ridge, TN 37831

 U.S. Dept. of Energy
 RECON
 P.O. Box 62
 Oak Ridge, TN 37830
 Telephone:  (615) 576-1303

 U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
 Public Health Service
 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
 Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
 4676 Columbia Parkway
 Cincinnati, OH  45226
 Telephone: (513) 684-8317
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
                                         3-47

-------
Office of Analysis and Epidemiology
300 East-West Highway, RM 27
Hyattsville, MD  20782
Telephone: (301)436-7035

U.S. Dept. of the Interior
Geological Survey
Water Resources Scientific Information Center
425 National Center
Reston,VA  22902
Telephone: (703) 860-7455

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
CIS Project
PM-218
401M Street, SW
Washington, D.C. 20460

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Air Pollution Technical Information Center
Library MD-35
Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
Telephone: (919) 541-2777

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Emergency Response Division
401M Street, SW
Washington,  D.C. 20460
Telephone: (202) 382-7933; (800) 368-3432

 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
 Chemical Information Branch
 401M Street, SW, MS-TS793
 Washington, D.C. 20460
 Telephone:  (202) 382-3524; (800) 424-9065
 Telex:  892758

 U.S. Food and Drug Administration
 200 C Street, SW
 Washington, D.C. 20204
 U.S. Geological Survey
                                           3-48

-------
        NAWDEX Program Office and
        Water Data Exchange Office
        421 National Center
        Reston, VA  22092
        Telephone: (703) 648-5677

        U.S. National Institutes of Health
        9000 Rockville Pike
        Bethesda, MD  20205
        Telephone: (301) 496-4235
 3.4  ACCESS TO DATA BASES THROUGH EPA LIBRARIES

    Several of the data bases cited in Sections 3.1  and 3.2 may be accessed through the EPA Library Sys-
 tem, which consists of a total of 28 different libraries located at EPA Headquarters, Regional Offices, and
 Laboratories.  Upon request from EPA employees, the libraries  can perform searches of those data bases
 for which they  have access at no cost to the employee.  This section lists which data bases  may be sear-
 ched through each of the EPA libraries.7  In general, it is necessary to contact the office responsible for a
 particular data  base in order to make arrangements for accessing EPA data bases.  Information in this sec-
 tion is based on results of a survey completed in October, 1985 by EPA's Information Management  and Ser-
 vices Division, Information Services Branch.

    Some of the data bases listed below are individual data bases (e.g., HAZARDLINE) and additional infor-
 mation on each of these is presented in Sections 3.1 or 3.2 under the respective data base names  Other
 data bases listed below are actually the names of collections of  data bases available through  non-EPA on-
 line services (e.g., DIALOG  and BBS data bases).  An exhaustive list of all  the individual data bases making
 up these various data base collections is not provided in this Directory.  However, Section 3.2 does provide
 additional information on some of these individual data bases, which are identified in  Section 3 2 as beina
 available through the particular online service of interest.
Athens Environmental Research Laboratory Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
        Address:       College Station Road
                      Athens, GA  30613
                      (FTS) 8-250-3324
       gtrthere are certain EPA data bases that may be accessed through EPA libraries (e.g., GEMS and
PDMS), the libraries primarily provide access to non-EPA data bases.  In general, it is necessary to contact
the office responsible for a particular data base in order to make arrangements for accessing EPA data
D3SGS.
                                               3-49

-------
Central Regional Laboratory Library
       Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           NGWIC
       Address:       839 Bestgate Road
                      Annapolis, MD 21401
                      (FTS) 8-922-3752

Cincinnati Environmental Research Center Library
       Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           CAS ONLINE
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
           NGWIC
       Address:       26 West St.  Clair Street
                      Cincinnati, OH 45268
                      (FTS) 8-684-7701
       Note:
           The Las Vegas Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory Library conducts data base
           searches through the Cincinnati Library.

Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           NGWIC
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
            U.S. DOE (RECON)
        Address:       200 SW 35th Street
                       Corvallis, OR  97330
                       (FTS) 8-420-4731

 Diilutli Environmental Research Laboratory Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
            Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
        Address:        6201 Congdon Boulevard
                        Duluth,MN  55804
                        (FTS) 8-783-9538
                                                 3-50

-------
Gvflt Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases
           Dialog Information Services, Inc.  Data Bases National
           Library of Medicine Data Bases NGWIC
        Address:       Sabine Island
                      Gulf Breeze, FL  32561
                      (FTS) 8-686-9011

Headquarters Law Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           NEXIS
           NGWIC
        Address:       401M St. SW, Room 2902
                      Washington, D.C.  20460
                      (FTS) 8-382-5919

Headquarters Main Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3-2):
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           NEXIS/LEXIS
           NGWIC
           News Net, Inc. Data Bases
        Address:       401M St. SW, Room M2904
                      Washington, D.C.  20460
                      (FTS) 8-382-5922

Headquarters Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Library
        EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
           GEMS
           PDMS
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           NGWIC
           NEXIS
                                               3-51

-------
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
           NPIRS
           OHS-MSDS
           Systems Development Corporation Data Bases
           Address: Systems Development Corporation Data Bases
       401M St. SW, Room E447
                      Washington, D.C. 20460
                      (FTS) 8-382-3568

Nnrraeansett Environmental Research Laboratory Library
       Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           NGWIC
       Address:       South Ferry Road
                      Narragansett, RI  02882
                      (FTS) 8-838-5087; Ext. 265 or 268

National Enforcement Investigation Center Library
       EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
           OHM-TADS
       Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           News Net, Inc. Data Bases
           NEXIS
           NGWIC
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
       Address:       Building 53, Box 25227
                      Denver Federal Center
                      Denver, CO  80225
                      (FTS) 8-234-5765

Region 1 Library
       Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           NGWIC
                                               3-52

-------
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
        Address:        JFK Federal Building, Room 2100-B
                       Boston, MA  02203
                       (FTS) 8-223-5791

Region 2 Field Office Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           NGWIC
        Address:        Edison, NT  08813
                       (FTS) 8-340-6762

Region 2 Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           NGWIC
        Address:        26 Federal Plaza
                       New York, NY  10278
                       (FTS) 8-264-2881

Region 3 Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
           NGWIC
           OHS-MSDS
        Address:        Curtis Building, 3PM24
                       6th and Walnut Streets
                       Philadelphia, PA  19106
                       (FTS) 8-597-0580
Region 4 Library
        EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
           GEMS
           PDMS
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
                                                3-53

-------
          NGWIC
          NEXIS
          National Library of Medicine Data Bases
          NPIRS
          OHS-MSDS
          Systems Development Corporation Data Bases
       Address:       345 Courtland Street NE
                      Atlanta, GA  30365
                      (FTS) 8-257-4216

Region 5 Library
       Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           NEXIS
           NGWIC
           Systems Development Corporation Data Bases
       Address:       230 South Dearborn St, Room 1420
                      Chicago, IL  60604
                      (FTS) 8-353-2022

Region 6 Library
       Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           NGWIC
       Address:       1201 Elm Street
                      First International Building
                      Dallas, XX  75270
                       (FTS) 8-729-7341

Region 7 Library
        Non-EPA Data (see Section 3.2):
           NEXIS
           NGWIC
        Address:       324 East llth Street
                       Kansas City, MO  64106
                       (FTS) 8-758-3497
                                                3-54

-------
 Region 8 Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
            DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
            NGWIC
        Address:       1860 Lincoln Street
                       Denver, CO  80295
                       (FTS) 8-327-2560

 Region 9 Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
            CIS
            DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
            NGWIC
            OHS-MSDS
        Address:       215 Fremont Street
                       San Francisco, CA  94105
                       (FTS) 8-454-8255

 Region 10 Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
            CIS
            DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
            NGWIC
            NEXIS
            NLM
        Address:       Region 10 Information Center, M/S 541
                      1200 Sixth Ave.
                      Seattle, WA  98101
                      (FTS) 8-399-1289

Research Triangle Park Library
        EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
           OHM-TADS
       Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
           CAS ONLINE
           CIS
           DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
           HAZARDLINE
           NGWIC
           National Library of Medicine Data Bases
                                                3-55

-------
        Address:
        Note:
Library Services, MD-35
Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
(FTS) 8-629-2777
                   There are two other libraries at the Research Triangle Park facility: The Office of Air
                   Quality  Planning and Standards  Library  and  the Meteorology Division  Library.
                   Neither of these two libraries have online access to data bases.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory Library
        Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
           CIS
           NGWIC
        Address:        P.O. Box 1198
                       Ada, OK 74820
                       (FTS) 8-743-2241
                                                3-56

-------
                                         CHAPTER  4
                                 DATA FILES AND TAPES
    This chapter contains brief descriptions of the data files and tapes cited in Chapter 2. For the purposes
of this Directory a collection of information is designated a data file rather than a data base if:  (1) the data
is stored in a manual file and not retrievable through a computerized system; (2) the information  it contains
is the result of a distinct, one-time data collection effort  (e.g., environmental radiation data collected follow-
ing the accident at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor); or (3) the data contained are no longer being ac-
tively updated.  A  data tape is considered a set of data stored on magnetic tape which is  not  accessible
through any online service.


    The chapter is organized with EPA data files and tapes presented in Section 4.1,  and  data files and
tapes available through other organizations presented in Section 4.2.  The citation for each data file and tape
includes a brief description of the file/tape content, format, and availability.  A point of contact for additional
information (EPA Office, other government agency,  responsible person's name, or commercial information
service) is also provided  for each data file and tape.  Section 4.3 provides the addresses of all contacts men-
tioned in the included descriptions.
4.1   EPA DATA FILES AND TAPES
CANAL
                  see LOVE CANAL AND DATA HANDLING SYSTEM
CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Contact:
      Body-Burden Data
      Non-bibliographic

This comprehensive data source includes information  on chemicals that have been
identified in human tissues and bodily fluids and wild animal populations.  This con-
tinuing acquisition is intended to facilitate a more relevant assessment of human ex-
posure to xenobiotics by providing a centralized source of body burden  data. The
data base is published on an annual basis in tabular format with indices and chemi-
cal listings that allow for specific searching. The 1984 version contains 1,900 cita-
tions  covering  1,600  chemicals in human populations and  5,800  chemicals
animals.

      Cindy Stroup,
      FTS 8-382-3891
      Exposure Evaluation Division
                                                                                            in
COMMUNITY HEALTH AIR MONITORING PROGRAM (CHAMPA
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
      Ambient Air Monitoring Data
      Non-bibliographic

CHAMP contains ambient air monitoring results,  in terms of five minute values and
hourly averages with peak five minute values, for  16 parameters.  The data were col-
lected to support epidemiological studies in approximately 21 cities.
                                               4-1

-------
   Contact:
      Jose Sune,
      FTS 8-629-3127
      Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
              EFFECTS DATA
   Subject:
   Type:
   Content:
    Contact:
      Experimental data on compounds
      Non-bibliographic

This data file contains experimental results obtained by the Fish and Wildlife Service
Lab in Denver, Colorado under the Sponsorship of OTS.  Included are approximate-
ly 5,000 experimental results on 1,850 compounds.

      Charles Aver
      FTS 8-382-3464
      Health and Environmental Review Division
ECOTOXICQLOGICAL DATA ON ETHQXYLATED SURFACTANTS (ETHOX)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Contact:
       Acute and Chronic Toxicity
       Non-bibliographic

 This manual data base contains acute and chronic toxicity data for ethoxylated sur-
 factants   The data are sorted according to chemical  structure features of  the
 various chemicals including number of carbons, number of Ethoxylate units, and ter-
 minal functional group. Most of the data are on acute toxicity for aquatic species, al-
 though there are some data on chronic toxicity for terrestrial species (e.g., crabs).
 Approximately  400  records  are included in the data base,  most of which are un-
 published data supplied by the Shell Oil Company.

       Richard G. Clements
       FTS 8-382-4270
       Office of Toxic Substances
 EPA BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA FILE

     Content.       ^ ^^ ^ contains citations, with abstracts, for all U.S. Environmental Protection
                   Agency and its predecessor agencies report entered into the NTIS collection.
     Availability:

     Contact:
        NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is in COSATI character set.
        Character set restricts preparation to 9 track one half inch tape only.
        NTIS
 EPIDEMIOLQGICAL STUDIES (EPID)
     Subject:
     Type:
     Content:
     Contact:
        Exposure Assessment
        Non-bibliographic

  The EPID system contains data extracted from questionnaire responses from popula-
  tion surveys of health status.   These data are concerned with acute respiratory dis-
  ease  incidence,  asthma  attack  frequency,  and  physiologic monitoring results.
  General environmental data are also contained in the system including demographic
  information, socio-economic characteristics, and ambient air quality data.

        William Nelson,
        FTS 8-629-2330
        Office of Health Research
                                                 4-2

-------
 FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS
     Subject:
     Type:
     Content:
     Contact:
       Exposure Assessment
       Non-bibliographic

 This source of information  is a hardcopy file of all exposure assessments done by
 the Office of Toxic Substances, Chemical Engineering Branch, of Chemicals being
 considered for regulatory action under TSCA sections 4 and 6. The file consists of
 internal reports and contractor  studies.   Reports generally  cover  workplace ex-
 posure and/or estimates of releases to the environment from industrial/commercial
 facilities. The file covers about 40 chemicals/classes.

       R. Craig Matthiessen,
       FTS 8-382-3694
       Office of Toxic Substances
 GASTRO-INTESTINAL EFFECTS LITERATriRR
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
       Gastro-lntestinal Effects
       Bibliographic

OTS's Health and Environmental Review Division (HERD) has developed a compila-
tion of reports of gastro-intestinal effects of chemicals extracted from the open litera-
ture.  This data file consists of 6,000 records covering approximately 2,000  chemi-
cals.
    Holder:
    Responsible Person:
    FTS Phone:

 ITS CHEMICAL SCORES
      Office of Toxic Substances, HERD
      David Gould
      8-382-3399
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Contact:
      Biological Effects of Chemicals
      Non-bibliographic

An Interagency Testing Committee  (ITC) has used a scoring system since 1977 to
aid in the selection of chemicals to be recommended for testing.  The scoring sys-
tem is used to rank chemicals on the basis of their exposure and biological effects
potential.  Such a system ranks the  chemicals and allows those of highest priority to
be selected for detailed  review and consideration by the  Committee. To date there
have been three rounds of scoring covering thousands of chemicals.

      Robert Brink
      FTS 8-382-3820
      Office of Toxic Substances
LOVE CANAL AND DATA HANDLING SYSTEM (CANALS
    Subject:             Environmental Monitoring Data
    Type:                Non-bibliographic
    Content:
                  This data base contains all of the data collected in the course of intensive monitor-
                  ing done in the fall of 1980 in the Love Canal, New York area.
    Contact:
      Steve Bromberg,
      FTS 8-629-2919
      Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
                                               4-3

-------
NATIONAL HUMAN MILK MONITORING PROGRAM (NHMP)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Contact:
      Milk Sampling Data
      Non-bibliographic

This data base contains concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and
PCB residues found in human milk samples provided by about 3,000 volunteers ran-
domly selected from the entire continental U.S.

      Jerome Blondell,
      FTS 8-557-0320
      Office of Pesticide Programs
OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (OHM-SIRS)

    Content:
                  Included are 10,600 records of data on such items as: names of materials spilled;
                  location and date of spill occurrence; quantity spilled and quantity entering  water;
                  source of spill; cause of spill; damages caused by spill; actions taken and by whom;
                  and, comments for the period July 1, 1972 to December 31, 1974.
    Availability:

    Contact:
      NTIS, CP TOI, 1 reel mag tape.
      Available only in 9 track, 1600 bpi, odd parity, EBCDIC.
      NTIS
POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS
    Subject:             Chemical Health Risks
    Type:               Manual File of Chemical Information
    Content:
    Contact:
This source contains notifications required of manufacturers who receive or possess
information which reasonably supports a conclusion that a chemical presents a sub-
stantial risk.  As of January 1986, OTS had received  580 notifications.   In addition,
OTS has received 470 other notifications,  on a For Your Information (FYI) basis, that
did not specifically cite Section 8(e). Currently, about 40-50 section 8(e) notifica-
tions are received a year.

      David Williams,
      FTS 8-382-3468
      Existing Chemicals Assessment Division
RESOURCE CONSERVATION RECOVERY ACT NOTIFICATION DATA FILE
    Content:
                  This file contains data compiled for the Resource Conservation Recovery Act. EPA
                  Form 8700-12,  Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity, was used to collect the
                  data.  The file was updated with information compiled from Applications for Hazar-
                  dous Waste Permits,  EPA Form 3510-3.  The data includes names and addresses of
                  facility owners and operators, as well as facility contacts  names and  phone num-
                  bers.  The data indicates whether a facility is a generator, treatment, storage or dis-
                  posal facility, and/or transporter of hazardous waste. Code numbers of waste hand-
                  led, taken from 40 CFR Part 261, are also listed.
    Availability:
    Contact:
      NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set.
      Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording modes
      for one-half inch tape.
      NTIS
                                               4-4

-------
STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF AEROMETRIC DATA (SAROAD). National Air Data Branch
    Content:
                  SAROAD is a storage and retrieval system for air quality data. Data are reported to
                  EPA by the states from about 4,000  reporting facilities nationally.  Criteria pollutants
                  are well covered, though not all pollutants are monitored at all sites.
    Contact:
      Jake Summers,
      National Air Data Branch,
      U.S. EPA
SURVEY METER AND HISTORICAL DOSIMETRY DATA BASE (SM/HD)
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Contact:
      Gamma Radiation Measurements
      Non-bibliographic

This data base contains gamma radiation measurements taken  in the 1950's and
1960's as  part  of  a surveillance  of  the  Nevada Nuclear Weapons  Test  Site.
Geographic areas included in the surveillance include Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Idaho,
and California.

      Gilbert Potter,
      FTS 8-545-2321
      Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
THREE MILE ISLAND ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION (TMI RAD>
    Subject:
    Type:
    Content:
    Contact:
      Environmental Radiation Measurements
      Non-bibliographic

This data file contains environmental radiation data collected following the March 28,
1979 accident at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor in Pennsylvania.  Data from
EPA,  the Public Health Service, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Depart-
ment of Energy, the State, and the utility itself are included.

      William Kirk,
      FTS 8-590-4866
      Office of Radiation Programs
TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES INVENTORY;INITIAL

INVENTORY AND CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENT TWO. PLANT SITE INFORMATION FILE
    Content:
   Availability:
   Contact:
The TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supple-
ment TWO, Plant Site Information File lists names and addresses for more than 6000
processors and manufactures of chemicals.  This file, with the Production Informa-
tion File along with the TSCA Preferred Name file and Synonym file, provides the
complete Toxic Substances Control Act.

      NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is in EBCDIC character set.
      Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording modes for
      one-half inch tape.
      NTIS
                                              4-5

-------
TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES INVENTORY; INITIAL

INVENTORY AND CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENT TWO. PRODUCTION INFORMATION FILE
    Content:
    Availability:
    Contact:
The TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supple-
ment Two, Production Information File contains production  information for more
than 50000 chemicals.  This file includes  Manufacturing Identification Numbers
(MID) but not manufacturer names and locations.  The TSCA Chemical Substances
Inventory  Initial  Inventory Cumulative Supplement Two, Plant Site Information File
tape must be used to find this information.  The MID links the production figure to
the plant sites. See also TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory and Cumulative Sup-
plement Two, Preferred Name File and Synonym File to obtain the complete inven-
tory.

      NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is in EBCDIC character set.
      Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording modes for
      one-half inch tape.
      NTIS
 TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES INVENTORY:INITIAL

 INVENTORY AND CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENT TWO. PREFERRED NAME FILE AND SYNONYM FILE
    Content:
    Availability:
     Contact:
 The Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substances Inventory:  Initial Inventory
 and Cumulative Supplement  Two,  Preferred  Name File and Synonym File lists
 names for more than  50,000 chemicals substances.   File I  includes:TSCA CAS
 Registry Numbers (a listing of chemical names by CAS Registry No.), and File 2 in-
 cludesfTSCA Synonyms (an alphabetical listing of synonyms).  See also the TSCA
 Chemical Substances Inventory.   Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
 Plant site Information File and Production Information file to obtain the complete in-
 ventory.

       NTIS, CP T02, mag tape. Source tape is in EBCDIC character set.
       Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording modes for
       one-half inch tape.
       NTIS
 TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) NEW CHEMICALS
     Content:
     Contact:
 This source contains information collected on chemicals proposed for manufacture
 which are not included on the July 1979 inventory of existing chemicals. Producers
 of such new chemicals are required to notify OTS at least 90 days prior to manufac-
 ture, providing information about the chemical, its intended production and use, and
 any available  health and safety information (Section 5 of TSCA).  Those manufac-
 turers  seeking an exemption from premanufacture review for test  marketing pur-
 poses  can apply for such exemption 45 days in  advance of test marketing.  Exemp-
 tions from the full 90 day review have recently been established for certain polymers
 and low volume  chemicals.  As  of March 28, 1986, OTS had  received  6,721
 Premanufacturing  Notification  (PMN) submissions, 379 test marketing exemption
 (TME)  requests, and 243 low volume and polymer exemption applications.  Current-
 ly about  1,600 PMN, 60 TME, and 475 low volume and polymer exemption  requests
 are received each year.

        Wendy Cleland-Hamnett,
        FTS 8-382-3725
        Chemical Control Division
                                                4-6

-------
TSCA SECTION 4 CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES
    Subject:             Chemical Data
    Type:                Bibliographic
    Content:
    Contact:
              The Test Rules and Development  Branch  within  OTS  maintains complete bibliog-
              raphies on all TSCA Section 4 chemicals.  Section 4 authorizes  EPA to require the
              development of any needed new  test data  on chemicals  that may pose an un-
              reasonable risk or ones that have high exposure or high release.  To date,  OTS has
              received 620 studies on 58 different Section 4 chemicals,  and many more  tests are
              underway.

                    Harriet Corbet
                    FTS 8-382-8140
                    Office of Toxic Substances
WATER SOLUBILITY DATA

                        Non-bibliographic
Type:
Content:
    Contact:
              This collection of more  than  3,000  records includes  published values on water
              solubility data, intended to provide rapid access to such information for assessment
              purposes.

                    Robert Lipnick,
                    FTS 8-382-4274
                    Health and Environmental Review Division
4.2  NON-EPA DATA FILES AND TAPES
ANNUAL OBSERVATION WELL FILE (AOWF)
    Content:
                  Historical file of groundwater level measurements and producing formations for all
                  declared groundwater basins in New Mexico.
    Contact:
                    James Hudson,
                    U.S. Geological Survey,
                    (505) 766-2011
AUTOMATIC DIGITAL RECORDER TAPES (ADR)
    Content:
                  Water data such as river stages, temperature, groundwater levels, specific conduc-
                  tivity, and dissolved oxygen are punched on paper tape in the file in raw form.
    Contact:
                    Charles R. Showen,
                    U.S. Geological Survey,
                    (703) 860 6871
                                              4-7

-------
BASIC WELL DATA FOR PROFESSIONAL PAPER 796

                  The coverage is of spatial distribution of permeability for the Atlantic Coastal Plain
                  from North Carolina to New York.
    Contact:
      Donald J. Dolnack,
      U.S. Geological Survey,
      (703) 860 6031
GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE (SAS Format)
    Content:                                                            .            „  .   .
                  The  Geoecology Data Base represents a unique compilation of computerized  en-
                  vironmental data for research and development.  The system is designed to provide
                  rapid access to data at appropriate spatial and temporal scales for environmental im-
                  pact assessment and planning.  Data are stored at the county level of resolution for
                  the conterminous United States. The Geoecology Data Base contains selected data
                  on terrain  and  soils, water resources,  forestry.vegetation,  agriculture, land use,
                  wildlife, air quality, climate, natural areas, and endangered species. Basic files on
                  humanpopulation are also included to complement the environmental files.
    Availability:
    Contact:
      NTIS, CP T02, mag tape. Source tape is an IBM/SAS formatted file.
      NTIS
 INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
    Content:
     Contact:
The index has been developed as a data base and data base management system
that provides three  main capabilities.  Geo index consists of fixed-length  records
that supply the following information on published mapstunique numeric identifier,
state, author,  year,  title,  county or counties, publisher, series, emphasis,  area
covered by the map, coverage in latitude and longitude, center point in latitude and
longitude, depositories, type of base map, and plate number.

      Yula Sakss,
      U.S. Geological Survey,
      (703) 860-7297
 NATIONAL STREAM QUALITY ACCOUNTING NETWORK (NASOAW. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY


                   The data base is a subset of the U.S. Geological Survey's WATSTORE.  A uniform
                   water quality parameter list information on instantaneous discharge, specific conduc-
                   tance, temperature,  pH, dissolved  oxygen, fecal streptococcal  and fecal coliform
                   bacteria, suspended sediment, etc.
     Contact:
       James Schornick, Dick Smith,
       Water Resource Division, USGS
 MIXING HEIGHT STUDIES
     Content:                                                                           .
                   The data utilized in generating this file are hourly surface weather observations and
                   upper air observations. The major parameters that make up this file are date, morn-
                   ing type indicator, morning  mixing  depth,  morning average wind speed through
                   mixing depth, morning average surface wind speed, afternoon type indicatory, after-
                   noon mixing depth, afternoon average wind  speed through mixing depth, and after-
                                                 4-8

-------
    Contact:
                   noon average  surface wind speed.  Data is  from  1960 to  1964 and various  later
                   periods of record.

                         National Climatic Data Center
STABILITY ARRAY (STAR)
    Content:
                  The STAR output consists of frequency and percent frequency tables of wind direc-
                  tion versus wind  speed for each stability category. These star data may be sum-
                  marized on a monthly,  seasonal, or annual basis.  The major parameters that make
                  up this file are wind direction, stability class, wind speed frequencies, station ID, and
                  beginning and ending year.
    Contact:
                         National Climatic Data Center
SUMMARY OF THE MONTH CO-OP ELEMENT FILE
    Content:
                  This file contains monthly averages or totals of daily data that are measured primari-
                  ly by cooperative stations. The major parameters that make up this file are monthly:
                  maximum and minimum temperatures; mean temperature with departure from nor-
                  mal; total snowfall and maximum snow depth; total precipitation with departure from
                  normal; extreme high and low temperatures; freeze data; evaporation; and total heat-
                  ing and cooling degree days. Data is from 1876 to present, and is updated monthly.
    Contact:
                         National Climatic Data Center
SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS
    Content:
                  The  major parameters that make up  this file are time; ceiling  height;  horizontal
                  visibility; weather; wind - direction and speed; dry-bulb, wet-bulb, and dew point
                  temperatures; relative  humidity;  sea  level  pressure and  station pressure; and  total
                  sky cover and total opaque sky cover. Data is from 1948 through present, and is up-
                  dated monthly.
    Contact:
                         National Climatic Data Center
U.S. SOIL TEMPERATURES
   Content:
                  The primary source  of  information for this file is  daily measurements taken by
                  Federal  government,  state  government and  university  sponsored  Agriculture
                  Research and Experiment station who  are part of the cooperative station network.
                  The major parameters that make up this file are depth of soil temperature measure-
                  ment, and daily temperatures.  Data is from 1967 to the present, and is updated an-
                  nually.
   Contact:
                        National Climatic Data Center
                                                       AN ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE DATA
VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN THE ATMOSPHERE:
    Content:
                  A significant body of information is currently available to characterize the burden of
                  possibly-hazardous organic chemicals (HOCs)  in ambient environments.  However,
                  these data  have  not been accessible in an organized format, and no attempt had
                  been made to study their significance or to integrate them into a useful andcohesive
                  document.  In this study, ambient data, primarily from the years 1970 through 1980,
                                               4-9

-------
   Availability:
   Contact:
from 241 references covering 151 chemicals were collected and collated into a com-
puter-accessible  data  base.  Data acquisition has  been limited primarily  to a  few
geographical  regions,  and most sampling programs have been performed in the
warmer months and during daylight hours.  Specific recommendations are made for
future studies regarding data reporting.  A strategy for an effective national monitor-
ing program was presented.
      NTIS, CP T02, mag tape.  Source tape is in ASCII characterset.
      Character set restricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch only.
      NTIS
4.3  ADDRESSES FOR DATA FILES AND TAPE CONTACTS

       National Air Data Branch
       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-14
       Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
       Telephone: (919) 541-5582

       National Climatic Data Center
       User Services Branch
       Federal Building
       Asheville,NC  28801
       Telephone:  (704)259-0682

       National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
       U.S. Department of Commerce
       Springfield, VA  22161
       Telephone:  (703)487-4650
       Telex: 89-9405

       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
       Headquarters Including:
                       Office of Health Research
                       Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
                       Office of Pesticide Programs
                       Office of Radiation Programs
                       Office of Toxic Substances
       401M Street, S.W.
       Washington, D.C.  20460
       Telephone:  (202) 755-9112
                                                4-10

-------
"U.S. Geological Survey
Water Resources Scientific Information Center
425 National Center
Reston, VA  22902
Telephone:  (703) 648-6818
                                           4-11

-------

-------
                                          CHAPTER 5
                                            MODELS
    This chapter  lists numerous  exposure assessments (environmental  fate  and transport) and dose
 response models which may be useful in performing risk assessments.  The section is organized with EPA
 models presented in Section 5.1 and "non-EPA" models presented in Section 5.2.  Within each section, the
 models are further grouped into particular types (e.g., atmospheric,  surface water, ground water, fate, and
 dose-response models) with all models of a given type listed alphabetically.  References for additional infor-
 mation for  each model are  given by either providing an  office and an individual's name to  contact, or by
 citing a literature reference. These literature citations are fully referenced in Section 5.3.

    The list of models presented in this section is far from an exhaustive compilation of  all exposure assess-
 ment models; nor does the list below represent all the different types of models which may be useful in risk
 assessment (e.g., pharmacokinetic models).  Instead, this section describes accepted, commonly used, en-
 vironmental fate, transport and dose-response models that were either: (1) identified through  interviews with
 EPA and non-EPA employees; (2) taken from the list off EPA's "risk assessment"  models compiled in the In-
 formation System Inventory8; or (3) selected  from EPA or non-EPA publications and references using
 professional judgment on the applicability of a model in the risk assessment process.  There are countless
 other models besides those listed below which may also be acceptable and may in fact be more applicable
 or useful for a given situation.
5.1   EPA MODELS
5.1.1   Atmospheric Fate Models
BOXMDD80

      •  Contains population retrieval program

      •  Applicable primarily to regions containing many diffuse emission sources

      •  Steady-state, Gaussian distribution

      •  Exposure routine is included

      «  Available on GEMS
    Reference:
    Contact for access:
Hanna, 1972
Loren Hall,
EPA
(202) 382-3931
Q
  The Information Systems Inventory is an EPA-wide compilation of data bases, models, and other informa-
tion systems which can be segregated into groups having the same purpose (e.g., information systems for
the purpose of risk assessment).  More information on this inventory is available through EPA's Office of In-
formation Resources Management, Information Management Branch.
                                                5-1

-------
CLIMATOLOGICAL DISPERSION MODEL (COM)
     •   Long-term seasonal or annual
     •   Point or area sources
     •   Gaussian plume model
     •   Simulates non-conservative pollutants
     •   Can simulate turbulence over urban areas
     •   Outputs long-term average concentrations at user specified receptors
     •   Requires stability array data
     •   FORTRAN V program language; has been implemented on the UNIVAC 1110
     •   22K bytes storage required
     •   Software available as part of UNAMAP package for $420
     •   A modified version (CDMQC) includes calibration of individual point and area source contribution lists
         and of averaging tune transformations.
    Documentation:       Busse and Zimmerman, 1976
    Software:             Computer Products,
                         NTIS,
                         Springfield, VA 22161
CRSTER
     *   Modified steady state Gaussian Plume algorithm.
     •   Estimates ground level concentrations resulting from up to 19 colocated elevated stack emissions.
     •   Terrain adjustment can be made.
     •   Prints out the highest and second highest 1-hour, 3 hour and 24 hour concentrations; also gives annual
         mean concentrations at 180 receptors.
    Documentation:       U.S. EPA, 1977.
INDUSTRIAL SOURCE COMPLEX
     •   Long-term or short-term, point, area, or line sources, single or multiple sources
     •   Models gravitational settling of particulates, providing deposition
     •   Release rates can be varied as a function of tune
     •   Not applicable to complex terrain
     •   May provide overly conservative short-term maximum values for calm wind conditions
     •   Requires stability array data
     •   Extensive input data required to make use of sophisticated features
     •   FORTRAN IV program language, implemented on UNIVAC 140
     •   Approximately 65 K bytes storage required
     •   Available through GEMS
    Documentation:       Bowers et. al.  1979
    Software:             Computer Products,
                         NTIS,
                         Springfield, VA 22161
                                                 5-2

-------
       SOURCE, DISCHARGE - CONCENTRATION AT A DISTANCE (PTPIS)
     •  Steady-state Gaussian plume model
     •  Point source
     •  Accommodates limit to upward vertical mixing
     •  Short-term
     •  Assumes conservative pollutant
     •  Produces estimates of hourly concentrations at a user selected downwind distance
     •  Available through GEMS
     •  FORTRAN IV Program, applicable to wide range of computers; has been implemented on UNIVAC
        1110
     •  Approximately 12K bytes memory required
     •  Software available as part of UNAMAP package, for $420
    References:           Turner and Busse 1973,
                         General Software Corporation 1982
    Software:             Computer Products
                         NTIS,
                         Springfield,  VA  22161
POINT SOURCE DISCHARGE - MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION (PTMAX)
     •  Steady-state Gaussian plume model
     •  Point-source
     •  Short-term
     •  Assumes conservative pollutant
     •  Produces maximum hourly concentrations for each stability and wind speed, location of maximum con-
        centration
     •  Available through GEMS
     •  Approximately 12 K bytes memory required
     •  Software available as part of UNIMAP package, for $420
     •  FORTRAN IV Program, applicable to wide range of computers; has been implemented on UNIVAC
        1110
    References:           Turner and  Busse, 1973,
                         General Software Corporation, 1982
    Software:             Computer Products,
                         NTIS,
                         Springfield,  VA  22161
PTMTP
     •  Estimates the concentration from a number of point sources to a number of arbitrarily located receptors
        at/or above ground level.
     •  Hourly meteorological data is used.
     •  Hourly concentrations and averages over any averaging time from 1 to 24 hours can be obtained.
     •  Downwind and crosswind distances are determined for each source receptor pair.
    Documentation:       Turner and Busse, 1973.
                                                5-3

-------
POINT. AREA. LINE SOURCE ALGORITHM (PAL)
     •   A short-term Gaussian steady-state algorithm.
     •   Estimates concentrations of stable pollutants for point, line and area sources.
     •   Valuable emission rate along line source can be included.
     •   Intended for smaller scale analysis such as for shipping centers, airports and single plants.
     •   Hourly concentrations are estimated.
    Documentation:
Peterson, 1978.
RAM
      •  A Gaussian plume short term multiple source air quality algorithm.
      •  Estimate concentrations of stable pollutants from urban point and area sources.
      •  Hourly meteorological data are used.
      •  Allows determination of downwind receptor locations to ensure good area coverage with minimum num-
         ber of receptors.
    Documentation:      Turner and Novak, 1978.
TEXAS EPISODIC MODEL fTEM)
      •  Steady state model
      •  Point or area sources
      *  Short-term - 10 minutes to 24 hours
      •  Produces maximum and average concentrations over time periods selected by user
      •  User can select up to 2500 down-wind receptor points, according to an automatic or specific grid array
      •  Handles nonconservative pollutants
      •  Up to 24 meteorologic scenarios can be input for a single run
      •  FORTRAN program applicable to a wide range of computer types; has been implemented on Bur-
         roughs 6810/11
      •  Requires approximately 26 K bytes memory
      •  Engineering, meteorology, atmospheric transport background useful
    References:           Christiansen, 1976
VALLEY
         Short- or long-term
         Simulates plume impaction in complex terrain
         Provides screening estimates of worst-case short-term concentrations
         Provides annual average concentrations
         112-receptor grid
         Accommodates nonconservative pollutants
         Requires stability array data for long-term option
         Requires user-input worst-case meteorological data for short-term screening option
         May require careful analysis of output by experienced air quality modeler
         FORTRAN V program, applicable to wide range of computers
         Approximately 13 K bytes memory required
                                                  5-4

-------
     •  Software available as part of UNAMAP series, for $420
    Documentation:       Burt, 1977.
    Software:             Computer Products,
                         NTIS,
                         Springfield, VA  22161
5.1.2  Surface Water Fate Models
CHANNEL TRANSPORT MODEL (CHNTRN)

     •  Time-varying, 1-dimensional model
     •  Models organic pollutants
     •  Second-order decay mechanisms

     •  Models rivers, lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters

     •  Can be coupled with a hydrodynamic model, CHNHYD, for estimation of flow dynamics where such
        data is not available

     •  Requires extensive data input, and extensive setup time
     •  Has not been field tested and documentation is currently under review
     •  FORTRAN IV program language

     •  Applicable to IBM 3933 computer, and others
    References:
    Documentation:
                        Yeh 1982
                        Dr. G.T. Yeh
                        Environmental Sciences Division
                        Oak Ridge National Laboratory
                        P.O. Box X
                        Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
                        (615) 574-7285

CHEMICAL AND STREAM QUALITY MODEL HTOXIWASP)
     •  Time-varying, 3-dimensional model
     •  Comprehensive second-order decay kinetics for organic pollutants
     •  Models rivers and estuaries and it can be applied to lakes
     •  Very data intensive model
     •  Applicable to IBM 370 or PDF 11/70
     •  Software in FORTRAN IV; requires 64 K byte memory
     •  Requires 150-300 man hours for setup
   Documentation and
   Software:             Robert Ambrose
                        Center for Water Quality Modeling
                        U.S. EPA
                        Athens, GA  30612
                        (404) 546-3546
                                               5-5

-------
CHEMICAL TRANSPORT AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM (CTAP)
     •  Steady state, 3-dimensional compartmental model
     •  Complex computer program
     •  Contains comprehensive second order decay kinetics for organics (most models only have first-order

        kinetics)
     •  Models organic chemicals
     •  Suitable for freshwater,  non-tidal aquatic systems
     •  Requires extensive data input
     •  Has been incorporated into EPA OTS GEMS system
     •  An estimated 350 man hours required for installation and setup, assuming all data is readily available

     •  Well documented and recommended for use over most other models
     •  Available on magnetic tape for installation on mainframe or small computers (e.g., PDP-11 or HP 3000);
        batch version requires 64 K bytes memory at a minimum, more for complex modeling
     •  Also available hi interactive version, requiring 164 K bytes memory plus 2 K for each chemical and 2.5 K

        bytes for each environment
    References:
    Documentation:
                        Burns eta!.  1982
                        ORD Publications,
                        Center for Environmental Research Information
                        U.S. EPA
                        Cincinnati, OH  45268
                        513-684-7562; or

                        Center for Water Quality Modeling
                        Environmental Research Laboratory
                        U.S. EPA
                        Athens, GA   30613
                        (404) 546-3585

DYNHYD3
     *   A simple 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model capable of handling variable tidal cycles, wind, and un

         steady inflows.
     •   Updated from the Potomac Dynamic Estuary Model (DEM).
     •   Has the ability to produce an output file that can be linked with WASP3 (described near the end of this
         section) to supply the flows and volumes to the water quality model.
     •   Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of microcomputers and compatible

         systems.
     •   Language: FORTRAN 77
     •   Approximate run tune using sample data sets: 16 minutes.
    Contact:              Center for Water Quality Modeling
                         Environmental Research Laboratory
                         U.S. EPA
                         Athens, GA  30613
                         (404) 546-3585
                                                 5-6

-------
 ENHANCED STREAM WATER QUALITY MODEL (QUAL2E)
      •  A steady state model for conventional pollutants in branching streams and well mixed lakes.
      •  Includes conservative substances, temperature, coliform bacteria, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved
         oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and algae.
      •  Widely used for waste load allocation and permitting, in the United States and other countries.
      •  Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of microcomputers and compatible
         systems.
      *  Approximate run time observed using sample data sets: 1 minute.
    Contact:              Center for Water Quality Modeling
                         Environmental Research Laboratory
                         U.S. EPA
                         Athens, GA  30613
                         (404) 546-3585
EXPOSURE ANALYSIS MODELING SYSTEM (EXAMS)
      •  Subject:  Synthetic Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Systems
      •  Simulation model
      •  1, 2, or 3 dimensional
      •  Runs analyses of initial conditions, time variations, steady state analysis
      •  Uses a set of fundamental process models that accept standard chemical parameters and limnological
         data as input parameters
      •  DEC-VAX family of computers and IBM PC compatibles
      •  FORTRAN 77 standard
      •  Available through GEMS  '
    Contact:              Dr. Lawrence Burns
                         Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
                         Environmental Research Laboratory
                         Athens,  GA
                         (404) 546-3511
HYDROLOGICAL SIMULATION PROGRAM - FORTRAN (HSPF)
      •   Time-varying, 1-dimensional model
      •   Requires extensive data input
      •   Designed for year-round simulation
      •   Most suitable to minicomputers(e.g., HP 3000, PRIME, HARRIS) as model utilizes direct access input-
         output, which can be costly on mainframe computers
     •   Models organic pollutants
     •   Second-order decay  mechanisms
     •   Models non-tidal rivers and streams and mixed lakes
     •   Has been used on IBM 370 series computers
     •   Requires 250 K bytes of overlay computers type storage
                                                5-7

-------
   References:
   Software:
Johanson et. al. 1980
Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, GA  30613
(404) 546-3585
METALS EXPOSURE ANALYSIS MODELING SYSTEM (MEXAMS)

     •  Steady state, 3-dimensional compartmental model

     •  Complex computer program
     •  A combination of two models (MINTEQ and EXAMS) designed for modeling of metal loadings

     •  Suitable for freshwater, non-tidal aquatic systems
     *  Complex metal dynamics requiring extensive data input
     •  Can be used with mainframe or small (e.g., PCP 11/70 or HP 3000 computers)

     •  Interactive format
     •  Contains data base with thermodynamic properties of 7 metals

    Further information:   Yasuo Onishi
                        Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories
                        Richland, WA 99352
                        (509) 376-8302
    Documentation:
 Center for Water Quality Modeling, EPA
 Environmental Research Laboratories
 Athens, GA
 (404) 546-3585
MICHIGAN RIVER MODEL (MICHRIV)

      •   Steady-state, 1-dimensional model

      •   Easy to set up and use

      •   Computer program written in FORTRAN

      •   Requires minimal computer programming

      •   Similar to SLSA but can model more than one reach

      •   Intended for metals

      •   Models rivers and streams
    References:          Delosetal. 1984
    Technical Assistance
    Available from:       Bill Richardson
                        U.S. EPA
                        Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth
                        Large Lakes Research Station

 MINTEO (see Section 5.13)
 PROBABILISTIC DILUTION MODEL (PPM)
      •  Estimates the percent of time a given concentration level may be exceeded in recieving streams
                                               5-8

-------
      •  Model estimates based on statistical distribution of daily volume flow and on solution of mass balance
         dilution evaluation
      •  Contains averages of mean and low flows of streams in major river basins of U.S., broken down by
         direct and indirect discharges and standard industry classification codes
      •  Designed for use on personal computers
    Holding Office:       Office of Toxic Substances
    Responsible Person:  Karen Hammerstrom
    FTS Phone:          8-382-3896
 SEDIMENT-CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT (SERATRA^
      •  Time-varying, 2-dimensional model (longitudinal and vertical)
      •  Complex sediment transport mechanisms
      •  Second-order decay mechanisms for organic pollutants
      •  Models rivers and lakes
      •  Requires extensive data input
      •  Computer program written in FORTRAN preprocessor language FLECS, batch mode
      •  Has been field tested and is available for use
      •  Second-order decay mechanisms for organic pollutants.
      •  Requires an estimated 750 man hours for setup, assuming all required data are readily available
                         Onishi and Wise 1982a
                         Onishi and Wise 1982b
                         ORD Publications
                         Center for Environmental Research Information
                         U.S. EPA
                         Cincinnati, OH  45268
                         (413) 684-7562
    Technical Assistance:  Robert Ambrose
                         U.S. EPA,
                         Athens Env. Research Lab
                         Center for Water Quality Modeling
                         Athens, GA  30613
                         (404) 546-3546

TIME-DEPENDENT. THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT MODEL
      •  Calculates hydrodynamic transport of conservation and non conservation substances in surface water
         bodies

      •  User-specified options permit application to conservative substances (e.g., chloride) and non-conserva-
         tive substances (e.g., suspended solids)
      •  Estimates time-dependent concentrations
    Holding Office:        Office of Environmental  Processes and Effects Research
    Responsible Person:
References:

Documentation:
    FTS Phone:
                    J. F. Paul
                    8-838-5087
TIME-DEPENDENT. THREE-DIMENSIONAL. VARIABLE DENSITY HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL

     •   Estimates the movement of pollutants in thermal discharges in harbors, bays, lake basins, entire lakes, es-
         tuaries, marine coastal areas, etc.
     •   Calculates velocities, temperatures and salinity
                                                5-9

-------
     •  Results of model can be used as input to a separate transport model
     •  Various user-specified versions to consider the receiving waters in different ways (e.g., water surface
        treated as a rigid lid or a free-surface, or bottom boundary condition specified as no slip or slip)
    Holding Office:       Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
    Responsible Person:  J. F. Paul
    FTS Phone:          8-838-5087

TOXIC ORGANIC SUBSTANCE TRANSPORT AND BIOACCUMULATION MODEL (TOXIC)
     •  Quasi-dynamic, 3-dimensional compartment model
     •  Program language is FORTRAN
     •  Complex biological uptake mechanisms
     •  Models pesticides in reservoirs and aquatic impoundments
     •  Only time-varying functions for loading, not flows
     •  Good for biological accumulation but lacking in chemical fate mechanisms
     •  Applicable to IBM 370 and 750 Prime systems
     •  FORTRAN program in batch mode
     •  User support is limited; no user manual is available
    References:          Schnooretal. 1981
    Software:            Jerry Schnoor
                         Civil and Environmental Engineering
                         Energy Engineering Division
                         University of Iowa
                         Iowa City, IA 52248
                         (319) 353-7262
 TOXrVVASP
                   see CHEMICAL AND STREAM QUALITY
 TRANSIENT ONE-DIMENSIONAL DEGRADATION AND MIGRATION MODEL (TODAM)
      •  Time varying, 1-dimensional model
      •  Second-order decay mechanism
      •  Models rivers and estuarine systems
      •  Exterior hydrodynamic model (e.g., EXPLORE) is required to provide channel and flow characteristics

         to TODAM
      •  Requires extensive data input
      •  Complex FORTRAN program, written hi the preprocessor language FLECS or hi FORTRAN IV
      •  Applicable to VAC or PDC 11/70 computers (batch mode)
      •  TODAM has been applied; however documentation is currently under review; release date unknown
     References:          Onishi et. al. 1982
     Further Information:   Yasuo Onishi
                         Battelle-Pacific Northwest Laboratories and ICF Northwest
                         Richland.WA  99352
                         (509)  376-8302
                                                5-10

-------
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS SIMULATION PROGRAM (WASP3t
      •  A generalized modeling framework for contaminant fate and transport in surface waters.
      •  Based on a flexible compartment modeling approach, which allows WASPS to be applied in one, two, or
         three dimensions.
      •  Problems that have been studied using WASPS include biochemical oxygen, demand-dissolved oxygen
         dynamics, nutrients and eutrophication, bacterial contamination, and toxic chemical movement.
      •  Can be used with subroutines selected from a library or written by user (e.g., TOXIWASP described ear-
         lier in this section).
      •  Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of micro-computers and compatible
         systems.
      •  Language: FORTRAN 77
    Contact:              Center for Water Quality Modeling
                         Environmental Research Laboratory
                         U.S. EPA
                         Athens, GA  30613
                         (404) 546-3585
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY (WOAM)
      •  Steady-state, 1-dimensional
      •  Requires only desk top calculations
      •  Provides canonical information
      •  Models lakes, rivers, and estuaries
      •  Easy to set up and use
      •  No computer programming needed; requires only hand calculator
      •  Recommended if time, costs, or information are restrictive
    References:           Mills et al. 1982
    Documentation:       ORD Publications
                         U.S.  EPA,
                         Cincinnati, OH 45268
                         (513) 684-7562
WATER QUALITY MODELING SYSTEM FOR THE GREAT LAKES (WOMSGUt
      •  Consists of three subsystems which allow user to develop, calibrate, and verify water quality models for
         aquatic systems
      •  Developed to serve EPA's research mandates for the Great Lakes,  but applicable to any surface water
         system
      •  Can be applied to most water quality problems, constituents, and interactions
    Holding Office:        Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
    Responsible Person:   William Richardson
    FTS Phone:           8-226-7811
                                               5-11

-------
5.1.3  Unsaturated Zone and Groundwater Fate Models

MINTED
     *  A geochemical model capable of calculating equilibrium aqueous specification, adsorption, gas phase
        partitioning, solid phase saturation states, and precipitation dissolution of 11 metals (arsenic, cadmium,
        chromium,copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc).
     •  Can solve a broad range of chemical equilibrium problems for surface and ground waters.
     •  Contains an extensive thermodynamic data set.
     •  Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of micro-computers and compatible
        systems.
     •  Language: FORTRAN 77.
     •  Approximate run time using sample data sets: 4 minutes.
    Contact:             Center for Water Quality Modeling
                         Environmental Research Laboratory
                         U.S. EPA
                         Athens, GA  30613
                         (404) 546-3585

 PESTICIDE ROOT ZONE MODEL (PRZM)
      •  Simulates the vertical movement of pesticides in unsaturated soil within and below the plant root zone,
         and extending to the water table.
      •  Uses generally available input data that are reasonable in spatial and temporal requirements.
      •  Consists of hydrology and chemical transport components that simulate runoff, erosion, plant uptake,
         leaching, decay, foliar wash off, and volatilization of a pesticide.
      •  Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of micro-computers and compatible
         systems.
      •  Language: FORTRAN 77.
      •  Approximate run time using sample data sets: 8 minutes.
     Contact:             Center for Water Quality Modeling
                         Environmental Research Laboratory
                         U.S. EPA
                         Athens, GA  30613
                         (404) 546-3585
 PESTICIDES ANALYTICAL TRANSPORT SOLUTION (PESTA1SD or ANALYTIC TRANSIENT 1.2.3
 DIMENSIONAL MODEL (AT123D)
      •   Predicts pesticide and organic pollutant movement to ground water
      •   Environmental and chemical data input interactively
      •   Available through GEMS
      •   Version in GEMS features an automated  link with Seasonal Soil Model (SESOIL) to allow modeling of
          chemicals moving from the unsaturated zone into ground water
     Holding Office:       Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
     Responsible Person:  David M. Walters
     FTS Phone:
8-743-2261
                                                 5-12

-------
REGULATOR AND TREATMENT ZONE MODEL (RITZ)
      •   Models pollutant transport by leaching and volatilization
      •   Estimates biological degradation of the pollutant
      •   Considers the effect of an oil phase on pollutant transport
    Holding Office:        Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
    Responsible Person:  Tom Short
    FTS Phone:           8-743-2234
SEASONAL SOIL COMPARTMENT MODEL (SESOIL)
      •   Long-term fate simulations
      •   Accounts for numerous hydrologic, meteorologic characteristics of site
      •   Accounts for numerous transfer, transformation processes; absorption volatilization, degradation,
         biodegradation
      •   Models organics, inorganics
      •   Handles up to 3 layers of soil type, permeabilities
      •   Integrated into GEMS
      •   Versatile, easy to use
      •   FORTRAN program language; has been implemented on IBM 370, VAX 11/780
      •   Produces contaminant concentration distribution in unsaturated zone, quality of ground water runoff
    Documentation:       Bonazountas and Wagner, 1981
    Contact for access:    Mr. Loren Hall
                         U.S. EPA,
                         Exposure Evaluation Division
                         Washington, D.C.
                         (202) 382-3931
SIMULATED WASTE ACCESS TO GROUND WATER (SWAG)
      •   Predicts organic pollutant transport to groundwater
      •   Three compartment analytical computer model
      •   Considers transformations in the soil-geological matrix
      •   Data is input interactively by the user
    Holding Office:        Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
    Responsible Person:  David M. Walters
    FTS Phone:           8-743-2261
THREE-DIMENSIONAL PLUMES IN UNIFORM GROUND WATER FLOW (PLUMEZD>
      •   Estimates concentration distribution in a leachate plume emanating from a point source
      •   Includes both linear absorption and first-order reactions
    Holding Office:        Office of Emergency Processes and Effects Research
    Responsible Person:  Carl Enfield
    FTS Phone:           8-743-2334
                                                5-13

-------
5.1.4  Exposure Assessment Models

ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION OF RADIONUCLIDES (AIRDOSE-EPA)
     •  Estimates annual intakes and exposures from the atmospheric release of radionuclides
     *  The intake estimates provided as inputs to DARTAB to assess individual or collective doses/risks as-
        sociated with chronic releases
     •  Atmospheric dispersion, wet and dry deposition, and food pathway models included
     •  Radionuclide chain ingrowth and decay considered
     •  Environmental removal taken into account
    Office:               Office of Radiation Programs
    Responsible Person:  Christopher Nelson
    FTS Phone:
8-557-9380
COHORT ANALYSIS OF INCREASED RISKS OF DEATHS (CAIRD) MODEL
     •   Estimates human health risks produced in a population after exposure to a given radiation level
    Holding Office:       Office of Radiation Programs
    Responsible Person:  Neal S. Nelson
    FTS Phone:          8-557-9380
DOSE AND RISK ASSESSMENT TABULATION (DARTAB)
     •   Computes fatal cancers and genetic defects from radiological concentrations on the ground surface, and
         in air, water, and vegetation
     •   Used in conjunction with RADRISK information to provide risk assessment information for AIRDOSE
         EPA and PRESTO EPA
    Holding Office:      Office of Radiation Programs
    Responsible Person:  Christopher Nelson
    FTS Phone:
8-557-7380
HIGH LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE-REPOSITORY RISK MODEL (REPRISK)
      •   Calculates expected genetic and somatic health effects at a generic high level radioactive waste geologic
         repository
      •   Estimates radionuclide releases to air, land surface, and rivers or lakes, from a repository as a result of
         expected and accidental events
      •   Accidents considered include human intrusion, faults, meteorites, and volcanoes
      •   Expected events include shaft and borehold leakage, and bulk rock transport
      •   Releases are from destruction of waste packages or disturbance of a contaminated repository backfilled
         tunnel
    Holding Office:        Office of Radiation Programs
    Responsible Person:   Daniel Egan
    FTS Phone:          8-557-8610
                                               5-14

-------
LOW-LEVEL, RADIOACTIVE WASTE ENVIRONMENTAL, TRANSPORT AND RISK ASSESSMENT CODE
(PRESTO-EPA)
      •  Calculates health effects to an exposed population from radioactivity escaping from a shallow land or
         deep geologic burial site
      •  DARTAB used as a subroutine to calculate fatal cancers and genetic defects
      •  RADRISK data required to run the model
    Holding Office:       Office of Radiation Programs
    Responsible Person:  G. Lewis Meyer
    FTS Phone:
8-557-8610
 MAXIMUM INDIVIDUAL DOSE MODEL (MAXDOSE)
      •  Models geological events and health effects associated with accidental releases from a nuclear waste
         repository
      •  Calculates set of dose rates at different tunes and distances
      •  Estimates contaminated areas and individual risk
      •  Considers leaching and dissolution as waste escapes mechanisms
    Holding Office:        Office of Radiation Programs
    Responsible Person:  Daniel Egan
    FTS Phone:
8-557-8610
MIXTURE AND SYSTEMIC TOXICANT RISK MODEL (MSRM)
      •  Estimates human health risk from exposure by any route
      •  Non-cancer risk assessment models and estimation categories
      •  Contains statistical methods and extrapolation models for using available toxicological and epidemiologi-
         cal data
      •  Cancer risk models included for completeness, but developed elsewhere
      •  Applicable for single chemicals and mixtures
      •  Estimation methods include those in EPA Risk Assessment Guidelines for Comparison.
    Holding Office:        Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
    Responsible Person:  Richard Hertzberg
    FTS Phone:           8-684-7582
PLUTONIUM AIR INHALATION DOSE fPAID)
      •  Calculates dose rates and doses resulting from the acute or chronic lifetime inhalation or ingestion of
         transuranic radioisotopes
    Holding Office:        Office of Radiation Programs
    Responsible Person:   Neal Nelson
    FTS Phone:           8-557-9380
PRESTO-EPA

    see LOW-LEVEL  RADIOACTIVE  WASTE ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT AND  RISK ASSESSMENT
CODE
                                               5-15

-------
RADIONUCLIDE DOSE RATE/RISK (RADRISK)
     •  Estimates health risk due to inhalation or ingestion of radionuclides for arbitrary exposure periods
     •  End result in set of values relating fatal cancers and genetically significant radiation doses to a unit of
        radionuclide intake
     *  A greatly revised combination of two previously existing programs - INREM II and CAIRD
     •  Health risk from external exposure also estimated by CAIRD using dose rates from DOS FACTER
    Holding Office:        Office of Radiation Programs
    Responsible Person:  Christopher B. Nelson
    FTS Phone:          8-557-9380
REPRISK
    see HIGH LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORY RISK MODEL
SLUDGE PROGRAM-HEALTH IMPACTS (SPHD
     *   Assesses adverse human health effects from contaminants in sewage sludge
     •   Considers sludge distributed and/or marketed to public for use in vegetable gardens and lawns
     •   Contaminants taken into account include metals, PCBs, and pathogens
    Holding Office:       Office of Solid Waste
    Responsible Person:  Ken Shuster
    FTS Phone:          8-382-3345

5.1.5  Multi-Media Models

ENVIRONMENTAL PARTITIONING MODEL (ENPART)
      *   Uses physical/chemical properties to estimate partitioning between air, water, and river sediment (i.e.,
         estimates mass distribution between these three components).
      •   Estimates environmental persistence.
      •   Available on GEMS.
    Holding Office:       Office of Toxic Substances
                        Exposure Evaluation Division
    Responsible Person:  Russell Kinerson
    FTS Phone:          8-382-3928

5.2  NON-EPA MODELS

5.2.1  Atmospheric Fate  Models

-------
      •  Point or area sources
      •  Up to 2500 receptor locations on downwind user specific grid
      •  Outputs average concentration data
      •  Requires stability array data
      •  FORTRAN program language; has been implemented on Burroughs 6810/11
      •  Batch mode
      •  17K bytes memory required
      •  Technical background in meteorology, air pollution useful
    Documentation:       Texas Air Control Board, 1980

5.2.2  Surface Water Fate Models

ESTUARY AND STREAM QUALITY MODEL (WASTOXl
      •  Time-varying, 3-dimensional model
      •  Sophisticated second-order organic decay kinetics
      •  Models rivers, lake and estuaries
      •  Very data intensive model
      •  User must provide hydrodynamic flows between model compartments
      •  Applicable to IBM 370 or PDF 11/70 systems
      •  Fortran IV program requires 32 K bytes storage
      •  Requires 150-300 man hours for setup
    Documentation
    and Software:         Dr. John Connolly
                         Environmental Engineering and Science
                         Manhattan College
                         Bronx, NY  10471
                         (212) 920-0276
    or:
                         Dr. Parmely H. Pritchard
                         Environmental Research Laboratory
                         Gulf Breeze, FL  32561
                         (904) 932-5311
FINITE ELEMENT TRANSPORT MODEL (FETRA>
     •   Time-varying, 2-dimensional model (longitudinal and lateral)
     •   Second-order decay mechanisms for organic pollutants
     •   Models rivers, estuaries, coastal systems, and completely mixed lakes
     •   Can be coupled with EXPLORE-I hydrodynamic model to generate velocities where these are unknown
     •   Input data requirements are extensive
     •   Computer program written in FORTRAN IV
     •   Can be used on IBM, VAX or CDC-7600 computers
     •   Has been field validated
     •   Setup and execution time requirements are large
                                               5-17

-------
   References:
   Further Information:
Onishiet. al. 1981.
Yasuo Onishi
Battelle-Pacific Northwest Laboratories and ICF Northwest
Richland, WA  99352
(509) 376-8302
SIMPLIFIED LAKE/STREAM ANALYSIS (SLSA)
     *  Steady-state, 1-dimensional model
     •  Solution either by desk top calculations or simple (hand calculator) FORTRAN program
     •  Suitable for simplified lake and river systems
     *  Easy to set up and use
     •  Computer programming not necessary; if used, only 280 bytes are required, suitable for microcomputers
     •  Well documented and suggested for use before using a more sophisticated model
    References:          HydroQual 1982
    Documentation:      William Gulledge
                        2581 M Street, N.W.
                        Washington, D.C.  20037
                         (202)887-1183

WASTOX
    see ESTUARY AND STREAM QUALITY MODEL
 5.2.3  Unsaturated Zone and Ground Water Fate Models

 COUPLED FLUID. ENERGY AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT (CFEST) COMBINED WITH UNSAT ID
      •  3-dimensional
      •  Accommodates heterogeneous, anisotropic, multilayered soil configurations
      •  Has been field verified for arsenic and organic wastes
      •  Sorption, degradation mechanism not incorporated
      •  Handles saline aquifers as well as fresh water
      •  Transport mechanism of dispersion, advection simulated
      •  Tune-variant release and flow rates
      *  Combination covers unsaturated and saturated zones
     Documentation:      Gupta et al.  1982.
 ESTAN
          One-dimensional
          Organic substances
          Degradation is simulated
          Provides pollutant velocity, distribution, and concentration data
          Accommodates various release rates, schedules
          Considered a screening model
          Rapid evaluations
          Inexpensive, easy to use; requires only hand-held calculator
                                                 5-18

-------
      •  Has been field verified with pesticides
    References:          Enfield et. al. 1982.

 FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL OF WASTE fFEMWASTE) AND FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF WATER FLOW
 (FEMWATER)
      •  Two-dimensional
      •  Interzone transfer is modeled
      •  Incorporates convection, dispersion
      •  Simulates degradation of non-conservative substances
      •  Absorption is accounted for
      •  Capable of modeling layered, heterogeneous soil zones
      •  FEMWATER is a model for ground water flow, while FEMWASTE simulates the transport/fate of con-
         taminants
      •  Has been implemented on IBM 360
      •  May require background in hydrogeology, differential equations, programming
      •  Field verified
                         Yen and Ward  1981
                         Dr. George T.  Yeh
Documentation:
Information:
                         Oak Ridge National Laboratory
                         Environmental Science Division
                         P.O. Box X
                         Oak Ridge, TN  37830
                         (615) 574-7285
LEACHATE PLUME MIGRATION MODEL (LPMM>
     •   Continuous source model
     •   Dispersion is simulated
     •   Degradation processes accounted for
     •   A simplistic model; results may not be as sophisticated as necessary for Level III work
     •   Can be used in nomographic, hand-held calculator, or computer form
     •   Relatively easy to use
    References:           Kent et. al. 1982.

RANDOM WALK SOLUTE TRANSPORT MODEL (RWSTM)
     •   One or two-dimensional
     •   Tune-variant release rates
     •   Accommodates well-injected release
     •   Incorporates dispersion, retardation
     •   Handles nonconservative pollutants
     •   Accounts for well pumping
     •   Requires mathematical programming, hydrogeological knowledge on part of user
     •   Has been field validated
     •   Provides contaminant concentration at user-selected points
    Documentation:      Prickett et. al.  1981.
                                               5-19

-------
SANPIA WASTE ISOLATION FLOW AND TRANSPORT MODEL (SWIFT)
     *   3-dimensional
     •   Transport processes of advection, dispersion simulated
     •   Sorption, degradation processes accounted for
     •   Appropriate for waste-injection, waste-isolation modeling
     •   Has been field verified
     •   Has associated user's guide in self-teaching format
     •   Fortran program; has been implemented on various CDC systems including CDC 7600
     •   1984 version to be released late 1984, or 1985
    Documentation:
    Software:
    Information:
Reeves and Cranwell 1981; Finley and Reeves 1978
National Energy Software Center
Argonne National Laboratories
Argonne, IL  60439
Intera Environmental Consultants, Inc.
11999 Katy Freeway, Suite 610
Houston, TX  77079
5.2.4  Dose-Response Models

GAMMA MULTIHIT MODEL
      •  Generalization of One-Hit Model
      •  Assumes that a response requires more than one hit (dose)
      •  Exhibits a greater variety of behavior than one-hit model
      *  Can accommodate a wider range of data than one-hit or multistage models
      •  Excess risk is convex for more than one hit, concave for less than one, Unear for one hit
      •  Inconclusive for a negative or non-integer number of hits
      •  Resembles curves with thresholds at low levels
      •  May "manufacture" a background rate even with no evidence of one
      •  Determination of formulae for confidence intervals is problematic
      •  Less problematic when additive background is incorporated
    References:          For specific applications see the "hit theory" in Iverson and Arley, 1950 or
                         the "particle theory" in Cornfield, 1954. The gamma multihit model is
                         described in Chesson et al., 1984.
LOGIT MODEL
      •  Similar to Probit Model (see below) but approaches zero more slowly
      •  Low dose linearity implies a concave dose response curve at higher doses
      *  Extrapolations will be close to gamma-multihit model
    References:          Worcester and Wilson, 1943 and Berkson, 1944.  A more general model
                          of which both Probit and Logit  models are special cases was proposed in
                          Prentice, 1976.  See also Chesson et al.,  1984.
                                                5-20

-------
MULTISTAGE MODEL,
      •  A form of the Weibull model (see below)
      •  Accounts for cancer death rate proportional to some power of age
      •  Assumes that a cell goes through a variable number of distinct stages in a specific order before becom-
         ing cancerous
      •  Assumes rate within each  stage is constant and related to dose
      •  Recommended for low-risk assessment of cancer
      •  Estimation is more complicated than with other models
      •  Uses computer program GLOBAL 79 to calculate confidence intervals
    References:           Armoitage and Doll, 1961 and Crump et. al., 1976.
                          See also Chesson et. al., 1984.
ONE-HIT MODEL
      •  Linear at low doses,  concave at high doses (sometimes called "linear model")
      •  Assumes a response  after  a single biologically effective Unit of dose
      •  Provides a conservative estimate of risk at low doses
    References:           Chesson et al., 1984.
PROBIT MODEL
      •  Tolerance distribution model
      •  Assumes tolerance to follow a lognormal distribution
      •  Has been used to describe "time to response" data
      •  Tends to give a high  VSD
    References:           Finney,  1971.  A more general model of which both Probit and Logit
                          models are special cases was proposed in Prentice, 1976.  The Probit
                          model is described  in Chesson et. al., 1984.
WEIBULL MODEL
      •  Tolerance distribution model suggested by human cancer incidence patterns
      •  Assumes cancer begins in a single cell
      •  Assumes individual cells in a tissue behave independently
      •  Accounts for external forces hie death of some person in sample set by non-measured causes before
         cancer could be diagnosed
      •  Low dose linearity implies  a concave dose response curve at higher doses
    References:           Suggested in Cook et al., 1969. See also Chesson et al., 1984.
                                                5-21

-------
5.3  REFERENCES AND DOCUMENTATION OF MODELS


   Armitage, P., Doll, R., 1961.
   Stochastic Models for Carcinogenesis.
   Proceedings 4th Berkeley Symposium IV, pp. 19-38

   Berkson, J., 1944.
   Application of the Logistic Function to Bioassay.
   In: J American Statistical Association 39:134-167.

   Bonazountas, M.,  Wagner, J., 1981.
   SESOIL, A Seasonal Soil Compartment Model.
   A.D. Little Inc. for U.S. EPA
   Cambridge, MA
   Contract No.: 68-01 6271.

   Bowers, J.F., et al.  1979.
   Industrial Source  Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model User's Guide, Volumes I and II.
   Washington, D.C.
    U.S. EPA
    EPA 450/4-79 030
   As reviewed in: Bonazountas, M., Fiksel, J., et. al.  1982.
    Environmental Mathematical Pollutant Fate Modeling Handbook/Catalogue (Draft).
    Washington, D.C.
    U.S. EPA,
    Office of Policy and Resource Management.
    Contract No.: 68-01-5146

    Bums LA.,  Cline  D.M., Lassiter, R.R., 1982.
    Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS) User Manual and System Documentation.
    Athens, GA
    Environmental Research Laboratory,
    Office of Research and Development,
    U.S. EPA
    EPA-600/3-82-023
    As reviewed in: Versar Inc.  1983.                                       .    x „ .  ,.   ,,, .
    Methodology for Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via the Ingestion of Drinking Water.
    Washington, D.C.
    U.S. EPA
    Contract No.: 68-01-6438

    Burt, E., 1977.
    VALLEY Model User's Guide.
    Washington, D.C.
    U.S. EPA
    EPA-450/2-77-018
    As reviewed in: U.S. EPA. 1982.
    Environmental Modeling Catalogue.
    Washington, D.C.
    U.S. EPA
    Information Clearing House. PM 211 A.
                                               5-22

-------
 Busse, A.D., Zimmerman, J.R. 1976.
 User's Guide For The Climatological Dispersion Model.
 Research Triangle Park, NC
 U.S. EPA
 EPA-R4-73-024
 As reviewed in: Bonazountas M., Fiksel J., et al.1982.
 Environmental Mathematical Pollutant Fate Modeling Handbook/Catalogue (Draft).
 Washington, D.C.
 U.S. EPA,
 Office of Policy and Resource Management
 Contract No.: 68-01-5146

 Chesson, J., Zanetos, M.A.  1984.
 Documentation of High to Low Dose Extrapolation Models Used in Quantitative Risk Assessment:
 Assessment of Models.  Draft Final Report.
 Batelle, Washington D.C.
 Office of Toxic Substances,
 U.S. EPA
 Contract No.: 68-01-6721

 Christiansen, J.H.,  1976.
 Design and Application Of The Texas Episodic Model. Proceedings of the Conference on
 Environmental Modeling and Simulation.
 Washington, D.C.
 U.S. EPA
 EPA-600/9-76-016
 As reviewed in: U.S. EPA. 1982.
 Environmental Modeling Catalogue.
 Washington, D.C.
 U.S. EPA
 Information Clearing House.  PM 211 A.

 Cook, P.J., Doll, R., Fellingham, S.A., 1969.
 A Mathematical Model For The Age Distribution Of Cancer In Man.
 Int. J. Cancer 4:93-112.

 Cornfield, J. 1954.
 Measurement and comparison of toxicities: the quantal response.  In: Statistics and Mathematics in
 Biology.
 Kempthorne O., Baneroft T.A., Gowen J.W., and Lush J.L., eds. Ames:
 Iowa State College Press, pp.  327-344

 Crump, K.S., Hoel,  D.G., Langley, C.H., Peto, R. 1976.
 Fundamental Carcinogenic Processes and Their Implications For Low Dose Risk Assessment.
 Cancer Research 36:2973-2979

 Delos, C.G., Richardson, W.L, Depinto, J.V., et. al. 1984.  .
 Technical guidance manual for performing wasteload allocations,  Book II: Streams and Rivers
 U.S. EPA
 Office of Water Regulations and Standards
 Water Quality Analysis Branch
 Washington, D.C.

 Enfield,  C.G., Carsel, R.F., Cohen, S.Z.,  Phan, T., Walters, D.M.  1982.
Approximating pollutant transport to ground water.
 Ground Water 20 (6) 711-722.
                                           5-23

-------
Finley, N.C., Reeves, M.  1978.
SWIFT self-teaching curriculum.
Washington, D.C.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NUREG/CR 1968, SAND 81-0410
As reviewed in: Lo T.Y.R., Scott B.H., Benjamin R.R. 1983.
Remedial Action Assessment Models for Hazardous Waste Sites.  Review draft.
Athens,  GA
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-03-3116

Finney,  DJ. 1971.
Problt analysis (3rd edition).
London
Cambridge University Press

General Software Corporation.  1982.
Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS) User's Guide.
Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6618

Gupta, S.K., Kincaid, C.T., Meyer, P.R., Newbill, C.A., Cole, C.R.  1982.
A Multl Dimensional Finite Element Code for The Analysts of Coupled Fluid, Energy, and Solute
Transport (CFEST).
Richiand, WA
Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory
PNL-2939
As reviewed in: Lo T.Y.R., Scott, B.H., Benjamin, R.R. 1983.
Remedial Action Assessment Models for Hazardous Waste Sites. Review draft.
Athens, GA
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-03-3116

HydroQual, Inc. 1982.
Application Guide for CMA - HydroQual Chemical Fate Models.
Prepared for: Chemical Manufacturers Association,
Washington, D.C.
As reviewed in: Dixon, et al., 1985.
Methodology For Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via The Ingestion of Drinking Water.
Washington, D.C.
 U.S. EPA
 Contract No.: 68-01 6271
 NTIS PB 86 132156

 Iverson, S., Arley, N.,  1950.
 On the Mechanism of Experimental Carcinogenesis.
 ActaPath. Micro Scan, 27:1-31
                                            5-24

-------
 Johnanson, R.C., Imhoff, G.C., Davis, H.H.,  1980.  Hydrocomp Inc.
 Users Manual for Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF)
 Athens, GA
 Office of Research and Development,
 U.S. EPA
 EPA-600/9-80 015
 As reviewed in: Dixon, et. al., 1985.
 Methodology for Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via the Ingestion of Drinking Water
 Washington,  D.C.
 U.S. EPA
 Contract No.: 68-01 6271
 NTIS PB 86 132156

 Kent, D.C., Pettyjohn, W.A., Witz, R, Prickett, T. 1982.
 Prediction of Leachate Plume Migration and Mixing in Ground Water.
 Solid and Hazardous Waste Research and Development Annual Symposium proceedinqs
 Columbus, OH
 National Water Well Association.
 As reviewed in: Versar Inc. 1983.
 Theoretical Evaluation of Sites Located in The Zone of Saturation.  Draft Final Report
 Chicago, IL                                                       '
 U.S. EPA
 Contract No.: 68-01  6438

 Konikow, L.F., Bredehoeft, J.D. 1974.
 Computer model of two dimensional transport and dispersion in ground water.
 Washington, D.C.
 U.S. Geological Survey
 Techniques of Water Resource Investigation, Book 7, Chapter 2.
 As reviewed in: Versar Inc. 1983.
 Theoretical Evaluation of Sites Located in The Zone of Saturation.  Draft Final Report
 Chicago, IL
 U.S. EPA
 Contract No.: 68-01-6438

 Mills, W.B., Dean, J.D., Porcella, D.B., et al.  1982.
 Water Quality Assessment: A Screening Procedure For Toxic and Conventional Pollutants- part 1
 Tetra Tech, Inc.
 U.S. EPA
 Environmental Research  Laboratory
 Office of Research and Development
 Athens, GA
 Contract No.: 68-03-2673

 Onishi, Y., Wise,  S.E.  1982a.  Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories.
 Mathematical Model, SERATRA, For Sediment Contaminant Transport in Rivers and Its Application to
 Pesticide Transport in Four Mile and Wolf Creeks in Iowa.
 Athens, GA
 Office of Research and Development,
 U.S.  EPA
 EPA-600-3/82-045
As reviewed in: Versar Inc.  1983.
Methodology for Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via the Ingestion of Drinkina Water
Washington, D.C.
U.S.  EPA
Contract No.: 68-01 -6271.
                                           5-25

-------
Onlshi, Y., Wise, S.E.  1982b.  Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory.
User's Manual For the Instream Sediment Contaminant Transport Model SERATRA.
Athens, GA
Office of Research and Development,
U.S. EPA
EPA 600 3/82-055
As reviewed in: Versar Inc.  1983.
Methodology For Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via the Ingestion of Drinking Water.
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6438.

Peterson, William, B., 1978.
User's Guide to PAL-A Gaussian Plume Algorithm for Point, Area and Line Sources,
U.S. EPA,
Research Triangle Park, NC
Environmental Monitoring Series
EPA 600/4-78-013 (NTIS PB 274 054)

Prentice, R.L,  1976.
A Generalization Of The Probit and Logit Methods For Dose Response Curves.
Biometrics 32:761-768.

Prickett, T. A., Maymik, T. G., Lonnquist, C.G.,  1981.
A "Random-Walk" Solute Transport Model For Selected Groundwater Quality Evaluations.
Champaign, IL
Illinois Department of Energy and  Natural Resources
ISWS/BUL 65/81
As reviewed in: Versar Inc. 1983.
Theoretical Evaluation of Sites Located in The Zone of Saturation.  Draft Final Report.
Chicago, IL
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6438

Reeves, M., Cranwell, R.M., 1981.
User's Manual for the Sandia Waste-Isolation Flow Transport model (SWIFT).
Washington, D.C.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NUREG/CR-2324, SAND81-2516
As reviewed in: Lo T.Y.R., Scott B.H., Benjamin R.R. 1983.
Remedial Action Assessment Models For Hazardous Waste Sites.  Review draft.
Athens, GA
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-03-3116

Schnoor, J.L, Rao, N., Cartwright, K.J., Noll, R., Ruiz Calzada, C.,  1981.
Verification of a Toxic Organic Substance Transport and Bioaccumulation Model.  Final report.
Athens, GA
 Office of Research and Development,
 U.S. EPA
 Grant No. R-80605 02
As reviewed in: Dixon et al., 1985.
Methodology for Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via The Ingestion of Drinking Water.
Washington, D.C.
 U.S. EPA
 Contract No.: 68-01-6271.  NTIS PB 86 132156
                                            5-26

-------
 Texas Air Control Board. 1980.
 User's guide to the Texas Climatological Model.
 Austin, TX
 Texas Air Control Board
 As reviewed in: U.S. EPA. 1982.
 Environmental Modeling Catalogue
 Washington, D.C.
 U.S. EPA
 Information Clearing House. PM-211A.

 Turner, D.B., Busse, A.D., 1973.
 User's Guides To The Interactive Version of Three Point Source Dispersion Programs- PTMAX PTDIS
 and PTMTP (preliminary draft).                                                        '
 Research Triangle Park, NIC
 U.S. EPA
 EPA/DF-81/001f
 As reviewed in: Bonazountas M., Fiksel J., et al. 1982.
 Environmental Mathematical Pollutant Fate Modeling Handbook/Catalogue (Draft)
 Washington, D.C.
 U.S. EPA,
 Office of Policy and Resource Management.
 Contract No.: 68-01-5146.

 Turner, D.,  Bruce and Joan Hreako-Novak, 1978
 User's Guide for RAM.
 Vol.  I, Algorithm Description and Use, EPA 600/8-78 01 6a (NTIS PB-294 791)
 Vol.  II,  Data Preparation and Listings, EPA 600/8-78-016b (NTIS PB-294 792)

 Research Triangle Park, NC

 U.S. EPA.  1985.
 Modeling Remedial Actions  at Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
 EPA/540/2 85/001  (NTIS PB  85-211357)
 U.S. EPA.  1977.
 Monitoring and Data Analysis Division,
 Research Triangle Park, NC
 User's Manual for Single Source (CRSTER) Model
 EPA-450/2 77-013 (NTIS PB-271-360)

Worcester, J., Wilson, E.B.,  1943.
The Determination of LD50 and Its Sampling Error in Bioassay.
Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 29:79 85.

Yeh, G.T., Ward, D.S.,  1981.
                                                                                     Me*.
Environmental Services Division:
Publication No. 1462, ORNL-5602.  137 p.
As seen in: Versar Inc. 1983.
Theoretical Evaluation of Sites Located in the Zone of Saturation.
Chicago, IL
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6438
                                                           Draft Final Report
                                          5-27

-------
Yeh, G.T., 1982. Oak Ridge National Laboratory.                       .,„..,.*•   •
CHNTRN: A Chemical Transport Model for Simulating Sediment and Chemical Distribution in a
Stream/River Network.
Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
U.S EPA
Contract No.: W 7405 eng-26
As reviewed in:  Dixon, et al., 1985.                                               .  .
Methodology for Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via the Ingestion of Drinking Water,
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6271. NTIS PB 86 132156
                                            5-28

-------
                                         CHAPTER 6
                   MANUALS, DIRECTORIES  AND  PERIODICALS


    This chapter presents manuals, directories, and periodicals that are useful sources of information in per-
 forming risk assessments.  Manuals are considered documents with the purpose of giving guidance or in-
 structions for carrying out a specific function, such as conducting public health evaluations under Superfund
 or using a particular modeling system.  Directories are compilations of information resources, names and ad-
 dresses, or chemical activity status reports.  Periodicals are regularly published newsletters,  bulletins, and
 reports that also contain information relevant to risk assessments.


    Manuals are listed in Section 6.1, directories are presented in Section 6.2, and periodicals are in Section
 6.3.  Because these information resources are typically broad in scope with information that may be useful
 throughout the risk assessment process, they are not categorized according to specific risk assessment
 steps (i.e., hazard identification,  dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization
 as described  in Chapter 2). For each manual, directory, and periodical, a brief description of its content is
 given along with a full bibliographic  reference or point of contact.


 6.1   MANUALS
    The Endangerment Assessment Handbook


    This document, which was prepared and distributed by EPA's Office of Waste Programs Enforcement
(OWPE), provides guidance to EPA regional,  state, and contractor personnel on conducting endangerment
assessments and preparing the necessary documentation. Its primary purpose is to assist individuals in the
preparation of endangerment assessment documents to satisfy enforcement needs.  The handbook explains
the use of endangerment assessment as an enforcement tool, its relationship to other documents which may
be prepared for a specific site, and instructions for preparing the endangerment assessment document
    Reference:
    Contract No.:
PRC Engineering.  1985.
Submitted to the Office of Waste Programs Enforcement
U.S. EPA.,
68-01-7037.
    Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS) User's Guide


    This handbook describes the GEMS, an interactive computer system developed in the Exposure Evalua-
tion Division of the Office of Toxic Substances.  The purpose of the document is to describe GEMS from the
users point of view.  It is intended to serve as a comprehensive guide to the  use of GEMS by personnel
without great knowledge of computer programming.
    Reference:
    Contract No.
General Software Corporation.  1984.
Submitted to the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
U.S. EPA.
68-01-6618.
                                              6-1

-------
    Guidance on Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA

    This document provides guidance for the preparation of feasibility studies required under the revised Na-
tional Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan.  It provides project managers and decision
makers In government and industry with guidelines for developing and evaluating alternative remedial respon-
ses to uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances. In conjunction with other publications in this series, it
will assist in meeting the national goal of adequately protecting public health,  welfare, and the environment.
    Reference:
U.S. EPA, 1985.
Guidance on Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, D.C.
    Guidance on Remedial Investigations Under CERCLA

    This document provides guidance on the conduct of remedial  investigations  in support of feasibility
studies under Superfund and the National Contingency Plan.  Essential steps in the remedial investigation
process are described and the document identifies important factors, information,  and analysis needs to
scope the investigations; prepare all necessary plans (health and safety, sampling, data management); con-
duct the site assessment; and  evaluate and present results. The guidance document provides government
and private personnel with the means to plan, prepare,  conduct, and conclude remedial investigations con-
sistent with hazardous waste site clean-up legislation and site-specific requirements.
    Reference:
U.S. EPA, 1985.
Guidance on Remedial Investigations Under CERCLA.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, D.C.
    A Manual for the Preparation of Engineering Assessments

    The manual contains models used by the Office of Toxic Substances Chemical Engineering Branch to as-
 sess occupational exposure and environmental releases.
    Reference:
    Telephone:
William Burch,
Chemical Engineering Branch,
Economics and Technology Division,
U.S. EPA
Office of Toxic Substances
FTS 382-3664
     OTS Exposure Assessment Manuals

     EPA's Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) has developed a series of manuals outlining methods for as-
 sessing exposure to chemical substances.  The series consists of five volumes, the first providing an intro-
 duction to the overall exposure assessment process and, as noted by the following references, subsequent
 volumes pertain to exposure assessments conducted for different purposes.
     References:
 Callahan, et. a!., 1985.
 Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 1: Introduction.
 EPA 560/5-85-001.  NTIS PB 86-107083.
                                                 6-2

-------
                         Freed, et. al., 1985.
                         Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 2:
                         Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances in the
                         Ambient Environment.
                         EPA 560/5-85 002. NTIS PB 86-107067

                         Adkins, et. al., 1985.
                         Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 3:
                         Methods for Assessing Exposure from Disposal of Chemical Substances.
                         EPA 560/5-85-003. NTIS PB 86 107059

                         Dixon, et. al., 1985a.
                         Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 4:
                         Methods for Enumerating and Characterizing Populations Exposed to
                         Chemical Substances.
                         EPA 560/5-85 004. NTIS PB 86 107042

                         Dixon, et. al., 1985b.
                         Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 5:
                         Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances in Drinking Water.
                         EPA 560/5-85-005. NTIS PB 86 132156

                         Shultz, et. al., 1985.
                         Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 6:
                         Methods for Assessing Occupational Exposure to Chemical Substances.
                         EPA 560/5-85-006. (NTIS PB number to be assigned.)
    Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual


    This manual presents an integrated methodology designed to guide the execution of four major com-
ponent analyses required in support of Superfund site Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies: (1)
analysis of toxic contaminant releases from a subject site; (2) determination of  the environmental fate of
such contaminants; and (3) evaluation of human population  exposure.  The first three analyses are con-
ducted as components of the  site Remedial Investigation.  The last is executed as part  of the Feasibilitv
Study.
    Reference:
    Contract Numbers:
    Task No.:
    Work Assignment No.: 23-2
Versar, Inc., 1986.
Submitted to the Office of Toxic Substances,
Exposure Evaluation Division,
U.S. EPA.
68-01-6271,
59; 68-03-3149,
    Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual

    This manual establishes a framework for analyzing public health risks at Superfund sites and for develop-
ing design goals for remedial alternatives that are based on applicable or relevant and appropriate require-
ments of other laws, where available, or risk analysis where those requirements are not available.  These pro-
cedures were developed by EPA's  Office  of Emergency  and Remedial Response in  conjunction with an
Agency-wide  Working Group,  which  included representatives from the program offices, the Office  of
Research and Development, the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, and several Regional offices. The
                                               6-3

-------
procedures provided in the manual  are designed to conform  to EPA's risk assessment guidelines. The
manual provides a range of analytical requirements that may be needed at a particular site.
    Reference:
U.S. EPA. 1986.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Submitted by ICF Inc. under Contract Number: 68-01 7090
    Toxicology Handbook, Principals Related to Hazardous Waste Site Investigation

    This handbook describes the processes and procedures involved in collecting and interpreting the infor-
mation needed to perform a toxicity assessment as part of a risk assessment. It is prepared and distributed
by the EPA's Office of Waste Programs Enforcement.  The handbook is intended to  provide an introduction
to the toxicity assessment process and some of the major elements involved.
    Reference:
    Contract No.:
PRC Engineering. 1985.
Submitted to the Office of Waste Programs Enforcement,
U.S. EPA.
68-01-7037
    The Use of Risk Assessment In EPA Regional Operations

    This  report examines the nature and use of risk assessment in U.S. EPA Regional operations.  The
 report was done to clarify what the term "risk assessment" means in the context of current Regional policies
 and procedures.  It focuses on the use of risk assessment to estimate human health impacts from toxic
 chemical exposures in site-specific situations.  It is based on a survey of regulatory programs at a "typical"
 Regional office - Region IV, located in Atlanta, Georgia.  From the survey results, the step-by-step process in-
 volved In site-specific risk assessment is defined.  The report also presents recommendations for ensuring
 the scientific quality and consistency of site specific risk assessments.
    Reference:
 U.S. EPA.  November 1985.
 Region 4. EPA 904/5-85 140.
    User Guide to Chemical Activity Status Report (CASR)

    This manual describes the scope and organization of information contained in CASR as well as the basic
 search and display techniques.  The manual also lists some sample searches done on specific chemicals
 and shows displays from the searches.
     Reference:

     Contract No.:
 Computer Sciences Corp. 1985.
 Prepared by EPA CIS User Support Group.
 6639-151.
                                                6-4

-------
 6.2  DIRECTORIES
    Chemical Activities Status Report, Fourth Edition, Volumes I & II


    These reports summarize EPA's chemical related activities.  The reports are  organized into three sec-
 tions which include 1) an alphabetized chemical name reference listing; 2) a chemical name synonym list,
 and; 3) an EPA chemical activities report arranged sequentially by CAS Registry Number.  It is prepared and
 distributed by the Chemical Policy and Coordination Staff of OTS.
    Reference:
 U.S. EPA.  1985.
 Prepared by Chemical Coordination Staff of the
 Office of Toxic Substances. February.
    Directory of Online Data Bases


    This publication provides brief summaries of 2764 data bases and files available through online services.
 Brief introductory material about online data base services is also included.  Online services are indexed by
 telecommunication networks through which they are available.
    Reference:
    LC Catalog No.:
Cuadia Associates, Inc.
79-54776.
Santa Monica, CA
1985 (Vol. 6, Numbers).
    Groundwater Management: The Use of Numerical Models, 2nd Edition

    This monograph discusses  ground-water models and  their applications in the  management of water
resource systems.  The kinds of models that have been developed, their availability, data and technical exper-
tise requirements and their specific and general roles in ground water management are discussed The first
chapters are dedicated to brief reviews of ground water systems, ground-water management, and the basic
mathematics equations used  in ground water modeling.  The appendix contains a comprehensive list of
models, a bibliography and a list of model contact addresses.
    Reference:
Paul van der Heijde, Yehuda Bachmat, John Bredehoeft,
Barbara Andrews, David Holz, and Scott Sebastian. 1985.
American Geophysical Union Water Resources Monograph 5.
American Geophysical Union,
Washington, D.C.
    Industry Program Interaction Matrix; A Guide to Agency Personnel Who Are Familiar with Selected In-
dustries
    This document identifies headquarters and regional/ lab personnel who  may have current information
concerning specific segments of  industry.   The document  contains a  matrix which lists 81  industry
categories and their subcategories, along with the name, phone number, and organization of the EPA per-
sonnel who are responsible for that category or subcategory.  Report is prepared and distributed by the
Chemical Coordination Staff of the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
    Reference:
U.S. EPA. 1984.
Prepared by Chemical Coordination Staff of the
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. June.
                                               6-5

-------
    Information Resources in Toxicology

    This book is a succinct guide to major sources  of information in the field of toxicology.  It deals with
sources relevant to chemical, physical and biological hazards to man, although the chemical  hazards  have
been emphasized.  Brief descriptions are  provided for books, special monographs, popular literature,  peri-
odicals, journal articles, abstracts, data bases, organizations, relevant legislation and regulations, educational
institutions, and other directories. Although the book focuses on toxicology in the United States, one chap-
ter Is devoted to International Activities.  Appendices  include a directory of poison control centers and  a list
of selected abbreviations.
    Reference:
Phillip Wexler, 1982.
Elsevier Publishing Co. Inc.,
New York
    NIOSH Publication Catalog

    This publication is a cumulative catalog  of all  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) numbered  publications, hazard evaluation  and technical assistance  reports,  contract reports, in-
dustry-wide study reports, control technology reports, and miscellaneous reports (educational and training
materials). The publications listed are generally not available from NIOSH and must be purchased from the
Government Printing Office (GPO) or the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).  Instructions for or-
dering from GPO and NTIS are provided.
    Reference:
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services (Sixth edition).
OHHS (NIOSH) Publication No.: 84-118
                                                                              1984.
    NTIS Directory of Computerized Data Files

    This publication  provides current  information on  the availability  and content of  Federal, machine-
 readable data files which are available from NTIS.  Technical reports are not described.  Data file abstracts
 are presented In sections for Economics, Social Sciences and Science and Technology.  Data files are also
 Indexed by agency, as well  as NTIS order number and subject.  All of the data files listed are available for
 purchase from NTIS.
     Reference:
 U.S. Department of Commerce.
 PB 85-155174
                                                        1985.
     ORD Topical Directory

     This directory provides a  comprehensive alphabetical listing  of  areas  in  which the EPA  Office of
 Research and Development has technical expertise. The individuals who are active in these areas are listed
 along with telephone numbers, office locations, and, if applicable, laboratory locations.
     Reference:
 U.S. EPA.
 Office of Research and Development/Office of Research Planning and
 Management/Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI)
                                                  6-6

-------
    O7S Information Architecture Notebook
    This handbook was  originally  prepared for internal uses within the  EPA  Office of Toxic  Substances
 (OTS).  The handbook contains information on data bases and  reference materials which are useful in the
 review and analysis of the effects of chemical substances on human health and the environment.
    Reference:

    Contract No.:
U.S. EPA.  1983.
Report prepared by Office of Toxic Substances.
68-01-6651.
    The Federal Data Base Finder
     This publication identifies over 3,000 free and fee-based databases and files available from the Federal
Government.   It is divided into sections for government controlled data bases (searchable directly through
Federal Agencies); commercial data bases (containing government supplied data available through commer-
cial vendors); and government data files and tapes (sold to the public from various organizations and depart-
ments).
    Reference:
Zaronzny, Sharon and Monica Honer.
Information USA
Potomac, MD
1984 (1984-5 Edition).
    The Status of Chemicals in the Special Review Program Registration Standards Program, and Data Call-
in Program


    This report contains a listing of all chemicals which have been,  or are being handled under the Special
Review  Process; an alphabetical listing  of  chemicals active  in the Registration Standard  Development
Process; and identification of the chemicals which are processed in the Data Call-In  program.  The lists of
chemicals are maintained and distributed by the Office of Pesticides  Programs and are updated semi annual-
ly.
    Reference:
U.S. EPA. 1985.
Prepared by the Office of Pesticide Programs on a semi-annual basis.
                                               6-7

-------
6.3  PERIODICALS
   Accomplishments Under the New Chemical Program

   This bulletin Is an annual summary of actions taken under Section 5 of TSCA. It contains a listing of the
formal and informal regulatory actions,  as well as the Premanufacturing Notifications (PMN's) withdrawn.
Each PMN entry includes a brief description of the Agency's findings on the potential risk of the  chemical,
the types of toxic data reviewed, the action taken by EPA, and the final disposition of the PMN.
    Reference:

    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
U.S. EPA,
Chemical Control Division
Wendy Cleland-Hammett,
8-382-3784
    Chemlcals-!n-Progress Bulletin

    The Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) publishes the above, which summarizes developments within OTS
pertaining to the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA).  Information within the  Bulletin includes current as
well as near term plans.  The Bulletin is published on a monthly basis.
    Reference:
    Phone:
U.S. EPA.
Office of Toxic Substances,
TSCA Assistance Office (TS-799)
(800) 424-9065
    CIS News
    CIS News, published  by Chemical Information Systems (CIS), Inc., is a  monthly newsletter tailored
specifically to developments, updates and future plans within CIS.  The information contains notes on data
bases, meetings, seminars, and major company events.
    Reference:
Chemical Information Systems, Inc.
7215 York Road
Baltimore, MD  21212
    Existing Chemicals Assessment Division (ECAD) Quarterly Report

    This report summarizes the status of all chemicals in the OTS assessment process.  The  reports are
 designed for  internal OTS purposes.  An abbreviated, tabular version of the  Quarterly Report is also
 published every two months as the Bl-Monthly Assessment Report.
    Reference:

    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
 U.S. EPA,
 Existing Chemicals Assessment Division
 Jeanette Wiltse,
 8-382-3832
                                                6-8

-------
    Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) Report Bibliographies

    The Information  Management Division maintains bibliographies of OTS publications.  These are updated
 on a periodic basis.
    Reference:

    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
 U.S. EPA,
 Information Management Division
 Geraldine Nowak,
 8-382-3568
    Risk Assessment Review
    This publication intends to serve as a forum for information exchange on risk assessment activities and
developments.   The Review  is the product of a cooperative  effort between the Office of Research and
Development and the Regional Risk Assessment Network.  The information covered includes reviews of cur-
rent and future programs related to risk assessment. It is published on a monthly basis.
    Reference:
 U.S. EPA,   «        '
 Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
 Office of Research and Development
 To be added to the mailing list, contact:
 CERI Distribution,
 26 W. St. Clair,
 Cincinnati, OH  45268
    Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Annual Report


    This report summarizes EPA's activities under TSCA during the last current fiscal year, and includes not
only direct  rule making activities,  but  also  such'item's as  data collection procedures  risk  evaluation
strategies, rule making  processes, policy statements, enforcement activities, and any litigation  There have
been 8 annual reports since TSCA took effect in January, 1977, fulfilling the Congressional reportinq require-
ments under sections 9(d), 28(c), and 30 of the Act
    Reference:

    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
U.S. EPA,
Office of Program Management and Evaluation
Brenda Kover,
8-382-3784
                                               6-9

-------

-------
                                          CHAPTER 7
                                       PUBLICATIONS
    Bibliographic references to general literature, textbooks, and other publications that are useful risk as-
sessment information resources are listed in this chapter.  Specifically-cited and titled publications and more
generically-referenced resources are included in  Sections 7.1  and 7.2 respectively.  Although the  publica-
tions itemized in Section 7.1 are generally applicable to more than one step in the risk assessment process
these specifically-cited publications are grouped with those related to hazard identification in Section 71 v
publications related to dose-response assessment in Section 7.1.2; exposure assessment publications in Sec-
tion 7.1.3;  and publications related to  risk characterization  in Section 7.1.4.  Chapter 2 of this Directory
describes the purpose of these different risk assessment steps and the types of information needed to ac-
complish each.  The  generically referenced resources in  Section 7.2 may contain various individual com-
ponents under each title and are thus too broad in their applications to be placed into one specific section.

    The publications listed  below are identified, through interviews with EPA and npn-EPA employees as
commonly  used risk assessment references or were extracted from publication lists from other known docu-
ments related to risk assessment. Additional bibliographic references for specific exposure assessment and
dose-response models are  given  in Chapter 5, and additional  references for manuals and directories  are
given in Chapter 6.
7.1  SPECIFIC CITATIONS
7.1.1  Publications Related to Hazard Identification


    Browning E., 1979.
    Toxicity of Industrial Metals.  New York:
    Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Clayton, G.D., and Clayton, F.E., eds., 1981.
    Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.
    John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3rd edition.

    Dawson, et al., 1980.
    Physical/Chemical Properties of Hazardous Waste Constituents.
    Prepared by Southeast Environmental Research Laboratory for U.S. EPA.

    Food and Drug Administration, 1970.
    Radiological Health Handbook
    Bureau of Radiological Health
    Rockville, Maryland.

    GCA Corporation, 1982.
    Evaluation and Selection of Models for Estimating Air Emissions from Hazardous
    Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities.
    Prepared for U.S. EPA,
    Office of Solid Waste,
    Washington, D.C.
                                               7-1

-------
Gosselin, R.E., Smith, P.P., and Hodge, H.C.  1984.
Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.
Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 5th Ed.

Grain, C.F., 1982.
Vapor Pressure.
Chapter 14 in Lyman et al., Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods,
McGraw-Hill, 1982.

(ARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans.
International Agency for Research on Cancer,
Lyon, France  (continuing series).

Klrk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 1978.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,                                                           ,
New York, 3rd Ed.

Lyman, et al., 1982.
Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods.
McGraw-Hill, New York

Mackison, F.W., Stricoff, R.S., Partridge, L.J., and Little, A.D., 1980.
NIOSHIOSHA Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Publication No.: 78-210

Mills, W.B., Dean, J.D., Porcella, D.B., et al., 1982.
Water Quality Assessment: A Screening Procedure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants,
Parts One and Two.
Office of Research and Development,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Athens, GA
EPA 600/6-82-004 a and b.

Perry, R.H. and Chilton, C.H., eds., 1983.
Chemical Engineers' Handbook,
McGraw-Hill, 5th Ed.

 Plunkett, E.R., 1976.
Handbook of Industrial Toxicology.
 Chemical Publishing Co., Inc.
 New York

RTECS (Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances).
 NIOSH (published annually)

 Sax, N.I., 1984.
 Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. Sixth edition
 Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
 New York

 Shepard, T.H., 1980.
 Catalog of Teratogenic Agents. Third edition.
 The Johns Hopkins University Press
 Baltimore, MD
                                             7-2

-------
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980a.
 Ambient Water Quality Criteria Documents for [Specific Chemical].
 Office of Water Regulations and Standards
 NTIS PB 81 -117251, for entire set

 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980b.
 Water Quality Criteria Documents Availability.
 Federal Register 45:79318-79379

 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1981.
 Treatability Manual, Volume I.
 Office of Research and Development,
 EPA 600/2-82-0013.  NTIS PB 80 223050

 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983.
 Technical Support Document and Summary Table for the Ranking of Hazardous Chemicals
 Based on Carcinogenicity, External Review Draft.
 Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
 OHEA-C-073

 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984.
 Characterization of Constituents from Selected Waste Streams Listed in 40 CFR Part 261
 Office of Solid Waste
 Prepared by Environ Corporation

 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985a.
 Proposed Maximum Contaminant Levels for Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals in
 Drinking Water.
 Federal Register 50(219)46902-46933

 Verschueren, K., 1983.
 Handbook of Environmental Data for Organic Chemicals.
 Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
 New York, 2nd ed.

 Weast, R.C., ed., 1979.
 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
 CRC Press, Inc.
 Boca Raton, FL

Windholz et al., ed., 1983.
 The Merck Index.
Merck & Company, Inc.,
Rahway, New Jersey, 10th ed.
                                           7-3

-------
7.1.2  Publications Related to Dose-Response Assessments


    Mclaughlin, T., 1984.
    Review of Dermal Absorption.
    EPA-600/8-84-033.  NTIS No. PB85-170694

    International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), 1968.
    Report of Committee IV on Evaluation of Radiation Doses to Body Tissues from
    Internal Contamination Due to Occupational Exposure.
    ICRP Publication 10
    Pergamon Press,
    New York.

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986a.
    Guidelines for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment.
    Federal Register 51:33992-34003

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986b.
    Guidelines for Exposure Assessment.
    Federal Register 51:34042-34054

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986c.
    Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment.
    Federal Register 51:34006.34012

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986d.
    Guidelines for the Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants.
    Federal Register 51:34028:34040

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986e.
    Guidelines for the Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures.
    Federal Register 51:34014-34025

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985a.
    Health Effects Assessment for [Specific Chemical].
    [Note: 58 individual documents available for specific chemicals or chemical groups.]
    NTIS PB 86-134111, for entire set

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, I985b.
    Relative Carcinogenic Potencies among 54 Chemicals Evaluated by the Carcinogen Assessment
    Group as Suspect Human Carcinogens.

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984.
    Summary Data Tables for Chronic Noncarcinogenic Effects.
    Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
    [Note: prepared during reportable quantity adjustment process.]

    U.S. Office of Science and Technology Policy, 1985.
    Chemical Carcinogens; A Review of the Science and Its Associated Principles.
    Federal Register 50(50): 10372-10442
                                               7-4

-------
7.1.3  Publications Related to Exposure Assessment
   Anderson, E., et. al., 1985.
   Development of Statistical Distributions or Ranges of Standard Factors Used in Exposure
   Assessments.
   EPA-600/8-85-010. NTIS No. PB85-242667/AS

   Basta, D.J. and Bower, B.T., 1982.
   Analyzing Natural Systems Resources for the Future.
   Washington, D.C.

   Bureau of the Census, 1984.
   Statistical Abstract of the United States  1984
   104th Ed.

   Callahan, etal., 1979.
   Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority Pollutants
   Volumes I and II,
   Office of Water Planning and Standards,
   Office of Water and Waste Management,
   U.S. EPA,
   EPA Contract Nos.: 68-01 3852 and 68-01-3867

   Cowherd, Chatten, et. al., 1985.
   Rapid Assessment of Exposure to Paniculate Emissions from Surface Contamination Sites
   NTIS No.: PB192219/AS.  EPA-600/8-85-002

   Cupitt, L.T., 1980.
   Fate of Toxic and Hazardous Materials in the Air Environment.
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, ORD
   U.S. EPA, PB80-22/948

   Dawson, Gaynor et. al., 1985.
   Dioxin Transport from Contaminated Site to Exposure Locations
   EPA-600/8-85-012. NTIS No. PB85 214310/AS

   Dickson, K.L., Maki, A.W., and Cairns, J., 1982.
   Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment.
   Ann Arbor Science

   Donigian, A.,  et. al., 1983.
   Rapid Assessment of Potential Groundwater Contamination Under
   Emergency Response Conditions.
   EPA 600-8-83-030. NTIS No.: PB84-133123

   Fiserova-Bergerova, Vera, 1983.
   Modeling of Inhalation Exposure to Vapors: Uptake, Distribution and Elimination  Volume I
   CRC Press, Inc.
   Boca Raton, FL

   Food and Drug Administration, 1980.
   Fiscal Year 1979 Total Diet Studies - Adult
   NTIS PB 83-112722
                                             7-5

-------
Freeze, R. and Cherry, J., 1979.
Groundwater.
Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ

International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), 1975.
Report of the Task Group on Reference Man. No. 23.
Pergamon Press,
New York

International Standards Organization (ISO), 1981.
Recommendations on Size Definitions for Particle Sampling.
Report of Ad Hoc Working Group to Technical Committee 146 Air Quality, ISO.
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. (42),
May 1981.

Jaber, et al., 1984.
Data Acquisition for Environmental Transport and Fate Screening.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
U.S. EPA,
Washington, D.C.
EPA 600/6-84-009

Kenaga, E.E. and Goring, C.A.I., 1978.                              ..  .
Relationship Between Water Solubility, Soil Sorptlon,  Octanol/Water Partitioning,
and Bhconcentration of Chemicals in Biota.                                  .
 In: Aquatic Toxicology, ASTM STP 707, J.G.  Eaton, P.R. Parrish, and A.C. Hendncks, Eds.
 American Society for Testing and Materials,
 Philadelphia, PA

 Kirnbrough,  R. etal.,1984.
 Health Implications of 2,3,7,8 TCDD Contamination of Residential Soil.
 J. of Tox. and Env. Health.  Vol. 14, No. 1.

 Mabey, etal.,1982.
 Aquatic Fate Process Data for Organic Priority Pollutants.
 Prepared by SRI International,
 EPA Contract Nos.: 68-01 3867 and 68-03-2981,
 Prepared for Monitoring and Data Support Division,
 Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
 Washington, D.C.

 Maki, A.W.,  Dickson, K.L., and Cairns, J., eds., 1980.
 Blotransformation and Fate of Chemicals in Aquatic  Environments.
 American Society for Microbiology,
 Washington, D.C.

  Menzer, R.E. and Nelson, J.O., 1980.
  Water and Soil Pollutants.
  Chapter 25 in Doull, J., Klaassen, C.D., and Amdur,  M.D., Toxicology,
  MacMillan,  1980.

  National Academy of  Sciences, 1977.
  Drinking Water and Health. Volume I.
  NRC Press,
  Washington, D.C.
                                              7-6

-------
 National Academy of Sciences, 1980.
 Drinking Water and Health. Volume II.
 NRC Press,
 Washington, D.C.

 National Academy of Sciences, 1980.
 Drinking Water and Health. Volume III.
 NRC Press,
 Washington, D.C.

 National Academy of Sciences, 1982.
 Drinking Water and Health. Volume IV.
 NRC Press,
 Washington, D.C.

 National Academy of Sciences, 1983.
 Drinking Water and Health. Volume V.
 NRC Press,
 Washington, D.C.

 Nelson, D.W., Elrick, D.E., Tangi, K.K., Krai, D.M., and Hawkins, S.L, eds., 1983.
 Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in  Soil Systems:
 Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the American Society of Agronomy
 and the Soil Science Society of America.
 American Society of Agronomy,
 The Soil Science Society of America,
 Madison, WS

 Swann, R.L and Eschenroeder, A., 1983.
 Fate of Chemicals in the Environment: Compartmented and Multimedia Models for Predictions
 American Chemical Society,
 Washington, D.C.

 Tabak, H.H., Quave, S.A., Mashni, C.I., and Barth, E.F., 1981.
 Biodegradability Studies with Organic Priority Pollutant Compounds
 J. Water Pollution Control
 Fed.  53(10):1503.1518

 Turner, D.B., 1970.
 Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates.  AP-26
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
 Office of Air Programs,
 Research Triangle Park, NC

 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984.
Exposure Profiles for RCRA Risk-Cost Analysis Model
 Office of Solid Waste
 Prepared by Environ Corporation

U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency, 1980.
Water Quality Criteria Documents Availability.
Federal Register 45:79318-79379
                                           7-7

-------
   Walton, W.E., 1985.
   Practical Aspects of Ground Water Modeling.
   National Water Well Association,
   Worthington, OH

   Whitmore, R.W., 1985.
   Methodology for Characterization of Uncertainty in Exposure Assessments.
   EPA-600/8-85-009.  NTIS No. PB85 240455/AS
7.1.4  Publications Related to Risk Characterization
    National Academy Press.  1985.
    Risk Assessment in the Federal Court.  Managing the Process.
    Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health,
    Commission on Life Sciences,
    National Resource Council

    Schaum, J., 1984.
    Risk Analysis of TCDD Contaminated Soil.
    EPA 600/8 84-031. NTIS No. PB85 145704/AS

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1986a.
    Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment.
    Federal Register 51:33992-34003

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  I986b.
    Guidelines for Exposure Assessment.
    Federal Register 51:34042-34054

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1986c.
    Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment.
    Federal Register 51:34006-34012

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1986d.
    Guidelines for the Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants.
    Federal Register 51:34028-34040

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  I986e.
    Guidelines for the Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures.
    Federal Register 51:34014-34025

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  1985a.
    Proposed Rule: National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan.
    Federal Register 50:47912-47979

    U.S. Office of Science and Technology Policy, 1985b.
    Chemical Carcinogens; A Review of the Science and Its Associated Principles.
    Federal Register 50(50):10372-10442
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984a.
    Risk Analysis of TCDD Contaminated Soil.
    Prepared by the Exposure Assessment Group,
    Office of  Health and Environmental Assessment,
    Washington, D.C.,
    EPA 600/8-84 031
                                               7-8

-------
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984b.
     Risk Assessment and Management: Framework for Decision Making
     EPA-600/9-85-002

     Zamuda, C.D., 1986.
     The Superfund Record of Decision Process: Part 1, The Role of Risk Assessment.
     Chemical Waste Litigation Reporter,
     11 (6) :847859
 7.2  GENERAL REFERENCES TO PUBLICATIONS
    Chemical Advisories
    These advisories are nonregulatory informational documents, intended to encourage voluntary risk-reduc-
 tion actions by individuals or organizations in instances where regulatory control is not appropriate or as in-
 terim measures while regulatory action is pursued.  They provide information to the public on the toxic ef-
 fects of chemicals of concern, routes of exposure, and alternative methods of reducing risks.
    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
 Jeannette Wiltse,
 Existing Chemicals Assessment Division,
 U.S. EPA.
 8-382-3832
    Chemical Hazard Information Profiles (CHIPs)


    CHIPs are summaries of readily available information on the health and environmental effects as well as
the exposure potential of a chemical. Various chemicals reviewed in the risk identification phase of the exist-
ing chemical review process are chosen for a CHIP.  Information for a CHIP is gathered from various litera-
ture sources, data bases, companies, and other government  agencies.  To date,  240 CHIPs have been
prepared.
    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
James Darr,
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3470.
    Current Awareness Reports


    OTS prepares these reports from its continuous surveys of published literature.  The reports are intended
to identify potentially significant  risks and to document current knowledge of the cancer-causing ability of
each class of chemicals believed to have such effects.
    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
Joseph Arcos,
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3478.
                                               7-9

-------
   Environmental Effects Assessment Documents

   This resource is  a compendium  of  procedures  which the Environmental  Effects  Branch employs  to
evaluate the environmental effects of chemicals.
    Contact:


    FTS Phone:
James Gilford,
Health and Environmental Review Division,
 U.S. EPA.
8-382-4237.
    Health Effects Assessment Documents (HEAs)

    HEAs summarize and evaluate information relevant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse health
effects associated with individual chemicals.  The intent in these assessments is to suggest acceptab e ex-
posure levTs whenever sufficient data are available. Whenever possible  two categories of exposure levels
a°e estimated for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is not the endpo.nt of concern). The first
the AIS or acceptable intake subchronic, is an estimate of an exposure level that would not be expected to
cause adverse effects when exposure  occurs  during a limited time interval  The second, the  acceptablenn-
teke chVonic CA1C) is similar in concept to the acceptable daily intake. AlC's estimate exposure levels that
±1nS^ be( expected to'cause adverse effects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of an in-
dividual's lifespan. HEAs are subject to EPA's peer and administrative review process. In total, over 58 in-
dividual documents are available for specific chemicals or chemical groups.
    Contact:
     FTS Phone:
 Craig Zamuda,
 Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
 Policy Analysis Staff,
 8-382-2201
     HERD Science Issue Papers

     These documents address some of the important issues which OTS encounters in evaluating the risk of
 chemicals or determining the need for testing.  The papers include such issues as h°w to interpret var.ous
 test data and how to determine the combination of tests that will  yield the most cost effective,  high quality
 data.  To date, approximately 6 Science Issue Papers have been prepared.
     Contact:
     FTS Phone:
 C.C. Lee,
 Health and Environmental Review Division,
 U.S. EPA.
 8-382-4241
     Industrial Process Profiles

     These documents  support the  premanufacturing notification (PMN)  review process by describing the
  manufacturing processes which  use a compound  under consideration, the actual materials used  in  each
  process, worker exposure to the compound, and waste disposal and relevant technology.
      Contact:
      FTS Phone:
  Craig Matthiessen,
  Economic and Technology Division,
  U.S. EPA.
  8-382-3694
                                                 7-10

-------
    industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use
    These reports present the Chemical Engineering  Branch's  evaluation of ways to  predict the  release
potential for different chemical handling processes. These documents are also utilized during the new chemi-
cal Premanufacturing Notification (PMN) review process.  To date, 9 process release documents have been
prepared.
    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
Larry Longanecker,
Economic and Technology Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-7971.
    Interagency Testing Commission (ITC) Information Reviews
    These papers document the reviews of chemicals which  ITC  conducts in deciding  whether or not to
recommend them for testing. These reviews contain the following types of information: physical and chemi-
cal properties; exposure data; biochemical, toxicological, and environmental information; and observations in
humans. To  date, approximately 500 chemicals or groups  of chemicals  have undergone initial  reviews by
ITC and of these about 100 have been recommended for test rules development.
    Contact:

    FTS Phone:
Robert Brink,
Interagency Testing Committee,
8-382-3915.
    Production/Exposure Profiles
    These documents are used both to support the new chemical review process and to provide inputs into
the CHIP reports. A profile of a particular chemical contains the following types of information: production;
manufacturing and processing methods; intermediate and end uses; monitoring data; human and animal ex-
posure; disposal; names  and locations of manufactures  and processors; and environmental fate.  As of
January 1986, 210 profiles have been prepared.
    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
Robert E. Lee,
Economic and Technology Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3703.
    Risk Assessments and Precursor Documents

    These reports are developed through OTS's risk assessments of chemicals of potential regulatory con-
cern.  Each of these assessments is made up of numerous component analyses (e.g., exposure assessment,
hazard assessment,  etc.) and  may go through numerous versions.   None of the component assessments
have ever been released by OTS and only two or three of the one to two dozen risk assessments have been
released (in conjunction with proposed regulatory actions).
    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
Jeannette Wiltse,
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3832
                                              7-11

-------
    Section 8(e) and For Your Information (FYI) Status Reports
    Status reports are prepared from all Section 8(e) notifications and FYI submissions.  Each  report con-
tains the CAS number, chemical name, information type, or submission number and the OTS evaluation of
the significance of the submissions, including any recommended follow-up. As of January 1986, there are
status reports for 580 Section 8(e) submissions and a few more on the 470 FYl's.
    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
David Williams,
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3468
    Technical Support Documents
    These documents support the significant rule-makings undertaken by OTS by providing evaluative infor-
mation.   They address such topics as the technical basis for the action, the projected economic and
regulatory impacts, and other areas upon which OTS seeks comment.
    Contact:
    FTS Phone:
Deborah Williams,
Information Management Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3598
                                              7-12

-------
                                         CHAPTER 8
               HUMAN RESOURCES: OFFICES AND  PERSONNEL


    There will be occasions when the traditional information resources detailed  in the previous chapters of
 this Directory will not contain the data required to characterize risks.  At those times it may be helpful to ac-
 cess particular EPA offices, or non EPA individuals experienced with the problem area. Toward this  end
 this chapter lists EPA individuals or offices that have been identified as being likely sources of unique infor-
 mation or advice concerning risk characterizations.  It should be emphasized that individuals listed have  con-
 sented to the inclusion of their names under the understanding that they will be contacted only when all
 other information resources have proven to be inadequate.


 8.1  REGIONAL


    EPA's Regional Network for Risk Assessment  Issues was  developed two  years ago.  The following
 people are designated by Regional  Administrators to serve as primary contacts for participating in agency
 wide risk assessment initiatives.  Many of them also  chair their Region's cross-media committee for address-
 ing toxic chemical exposure issues, so they have an overall perspective on risk assessment activities in  their
 Region. Susan Deihl or Earl Bozeman should be contacted for further information, Region IV, FTS 257-3776
Region I
Region II
Region III
                        Tom D'Avanzo
                        Chairman, Toxics Coordinating Committee
                        Air Management Division
                        John F. Kennedy Federal Building
                        Room 2203
                        Boston, MA  02203
                        FTS 223-4864
                        Kevin Bricke, Chief
                        FTS 264-4296
                        Policy and Program Integration Branch
                        26 Federal Plaza
                        Room 900
                        New York, NY  10278

                        Maria Pavlova, M.D., Ph.D.
                        FTS 264-1918
                        Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
                        26 Federal Plaza
                        New York, NY  10278
                       Greene A. Jones, Director
                       FTS 597-9378
                       Environmental Services Division
                       841 Chestnut Street
                       Philadelphia, PA
                                              8-1

-------
Region TV
 Region V
 Region VI
 Region VII
                        John A. Little
                        FTS 257-4727
                        Deputy Regional Administrator
                        FTS 257-4727
                        345 Courtland  Street, N.E.
                        Atlanta, GA  30365

                        Susan Deihl
                        FTS 257-3776
                        Risk Assessment Coordinator
                        Office of Policy and Management
                        345 Courtland Street, N.E.
                        Atlanta, GA  30365

                         lla Cote, Toxicologist
                         FTS 629-5645
                         (Mail Drop 12)
                         Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
                         Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                         David Dolan (5H-13)
                         FTS 886-5518
                         Pesticides and Toxic Substances Branch
                         Environmental Services Division
                         230 South Dearborn Street
                         Chicago, IL 60604
                         Jim Bob Sales (6AWH)
                         FTS 729-9722
                         Hazardous Materials Branch
                         1201 Elm Street
                         Dallas, TX  75270

                         Jill Lyons
                         FTS 729-9187
                         Toxics Coordinator
                         Air Branch
                         1201 Elm Street
                         Dallas, TX  75270
                          William W. Rice
                          FTS 757-2800
                          Deputy Regional Administrator
                          726 Minnesota Avenue
                          Kansas City, KS  66101

                          Bob Fenemore
                          FTS 757-2835
                          Air and Toxics Division
                          726 Minnesota Avenue
                          Kansas City, KS  66101
                                                 8-2

-------
 Region Tffll
 Region IX
 Region X
                         Jim Baker (8AW-WM)
                         FTS 564-1524
                         Air and Waste Management Division
                         One Denver Place
                         Denver, CO  80202-2413

                         Suzanne Wuerthele, Toxicologist
                         FTS 564-1743
                         (8AT-TS)
                         One Denver Place
                         Denver, CO  80202-2413
                         Arnold Den
                         FTS 454-7487
                         Senior Science Advisor
                         Office of Policy and Management
                         215 Freemont Street  ,
                         San Francisco, CA  94105
                         Gary O'Neal, Director
                         FTS 399-1152
                         Air & Toxics Division
                         1200 Sixth Avenue
                         Seattle, WA  98101

                         Dr. Dana Davoli, Toxicologist
                         FTS 399-1757
                         1200 Sixth Avenue
                         Seattle, WA  98101

co JLadtdM!T toJheJe9jPnal Network for R^k Assessment Issues outlined above, there is also a Health As-
sessment Network which ,s a group of EPA  staff who are involved in various aspects of health/ns/assest

         ^n;  rlT3 V ^f  t0  ^ 6aCh °ther find answers to sPecific technical  questions refatedTo
     sfessmente. The range of specialties represented in the network is  quite broad  -- exposure assess
     ,KCBS' 9round-water contamination, general toxicology, and statistics, to name  a few  As  of earfv"
 n thP ±n^reffab°Uth5°HEPA ^  memberS '" the Hea'th Ass^sment Network, with  representatives from
all the regional off.ces, headquarters,  and  several field components. There were also about 20 people in the
  W°rerel Or9anizations such as ^ health departments,                   9

                                                  ^^ *"* *»
                                              8-3

-------
    The following EPA Regional personnel are designated contacts for air toxics questions (only names and
telephone numbers are given below; the addresses for regional offices are  given above for the risk assess-
ment contacts).
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV
Region V
Region VI
Region VII
Region VIII
 Region IX
 Region X
                         Margaret McDonough
                         (617) 223-4870; FTS 223-4870
                         Beth Hasset
                         (617) 223-4880; FTS 223-4880
                         Bob Kelly
                         (212) 264-2517; FTS 264-2517
                         I. Milner
                         (215) 597-9090; FTS 597-9090

                         Paul Racette
                         (215) 597-9009; FTS 597-9009
                         Doug Cook
                         (404) 347-2864; FTS 247-2864
                         Harriet Croke
                         (312) 353-6009; FTS 353-6009
                         Jill Lyons
                         (214) 767-9187; FTS 729-9187
                         Bob Chanslor
                         (913) 236-2893; FTS 757-2893
                         Dewitt Baulch
                         (303) 293-1761; FTS 564-1761
                         Tim Smith
                         (415) 974-8219; FTS 454-8219
                         Dana Davoli
                         (206) 442-1757; FTS 399-1757
                                                8-4

-------
8.2  HEADQUARTERS


U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                        401 M Street, N.W.
                        Washington, D.C.   20460
                        Locator Phone No.: FTS 8-382-2090

Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
                        Craig D. Zamuda,  Ph.D.
                        Policy Analysis Staff
                        FTS 8-382-2201

Office of Waste Programs Enforcement
                        Sheryl Sterling
                        Chief, Health Sciences Section
                        FTS 8-382-5646

Office of Pesticide and Toxic Substances
                        Arnold Edelman
                        Chemical Activity Coordination Group
                        FTS 8-382-2249

                        Terry O'Bryan
                        OTS Chemical Assessment Desk
                        FTS 8-382-3483

    [NOTE: The OTS Chemical Assessment Desk is an outreach service to other EPA offices and regions to
provide consultation and share information on risk assessment activity for chemicals evaluated in the OTS
Existing Chemicals Program.  The Desk also provides estimates of chemical toxicity and environmental fate
based  on structure activity relationships in the absence of data, and offers assistance in identifying related
risk assessment activities in other EPA program offices.]
Office of Research and Development


    Contact for cancer/mutagenicity/reproductive effects risk assessment questions.
                        Peter W. Preuss, Ph.D.
                        Director, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
                        FTS 8-382-7315

                        William Farland, Ph.D.
                        Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
                        FTS 8-382-5898

    Contact for exposure assessment questions.
                        Michael A. Callahan, Ph.D.
                        Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
                        FTS 8-475-8909
                                               8-5

-------
    Contact tor risk assessment methods for non-carcinogens and chemical mixtures.
                        Lester Grant, Ph.D.
                        Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
                        FTS 8-629-4173
    [NOTE: Lester Grant is located in Region IV, Hwy 54 and Alex Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711.]


                        Chris  DeRosa
                        Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
                        FTS 8-684-7534
                        Commercial (513) 569-7534
    [NOTE: Chris DeRosa is located in Region V, 26 West St. Clair Street, Cincinnati, OH  45268.]


Office of Information Resources Management: Risk Assessment/Risk Management Bulletin Board


    The Office of Information Resources Management has established a risk assessment and risk manage-
ment "Bulletin Board" on EPA's  electronic mail (E-mail) system.  Anyone in EPA with access to E-mail can
post messages on the bulletin board and  read messages posted by others.  The Bulletin Board can be used
to:  post notices of upcoming conferences,  workshops, and other events; request assistance from others on
specific risk assessment or  risk  management problems; inform others of useful information; and, in general,
promote further communication regarding risk related matters.  For assistance in posting announcements or
reading entries on the Bulletin  Board, contact  Electronic  Mail User's Support at FTS 8-382-5639  or Earl
Bozeman, Region IV, FTS 8-257-3776


Office of Radiation Programs
                        Jerome S. Puskin,
                        Chief, Bioeffects  Analysis Branch
                        FTS 8-475-9640        ......
                                                8-6

-------
                                        APPENDIX A
      INFORMATION  RESOURCE MATRICES: RESOURCES VS. DATA
                       CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES


    This  appendix presents  three  sets  of matrices  which match data categories  and  subcategories
(described below) against  major information resources. The purpose of the matrices is to  document the
types of information (i.e., data categories or data subcategories) available in the major information resour-
ces.  While non-bibliographic computerized information resources are matched against data subcategories,
both bibliographic data bases and manual resources are indexed by data categories only.  It would have
been  technically infeasible to match  bibliographic data bases and  manual resources  against data sub-
categories.


    The First Set of Matrices matches data subcategories against computerized non-bibliographic data
bases. This set of matrices establishes the relationships between information resources and data by indicat-
ing the specific types of data, i.e., data subcategories that are available in these information resources.  In
using these matrices, users may want to consult simultaneously the resource attributes matrices in Appendix
B in order to  obtain a  complete understanding about the availabilities as well as the searchabilities of data
bases.


    The Second Set of Matrices matches data categories against  computerized bibliographic data bases.
This establishes the availabilities of major types of data, i.e., data categories, in the bibliographic data bases.
Again users are urged to consult the resource attributes matrices on bibliographic data bases in Appendix B
for a complete characterization of the source.

    The Third Set of Matrices in this section matches data categories  against manual information resour-
ces. A matrix outline is included in this section. For each of these manual sources listed  in the matrices, its
major search  attributes are  included  and indexed.  Wherever a manual source  is available at EPA, it is so in-
dicated in the matrices.


    When scanning a matrix,  the user may wish to use the Data Category and Subcategory definitions in-
cluded in Section A.1  in order to decode  the information presented. (For this draft of  the  Directory, the
matrices do not include all information resources, but only 20-25 of the more useful data bases.)
                                              A-l

-------
A.1   DEVELOPMENT OF DATA CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES


    This section classifies user information requirements into the following four major data Hazard Identifica-
tion categories:
      *   Dose-Response Assessment

      •   Exposure Assessment

      •   Hazard Identification

      •   Risk Characterization

    Within each of the four major data categories, subcategories are identified. A subcategory is not neces-
sarily a data element; it may,  in some cases, represent a group of data elements.

    The classification of data categories and subcategories is a complex and difficult task. There is probably
no one single "correct" way of categorizing the types of technical data that are needed.  Therefore, some of
the data categories were developed partially based on specific information requirements for certain types of
analyses as defined  in Chapter 2.  However, certain data categories, e.g., Physical/Chemical Properties, may
reflect the traditional grouping of  data elements from an  information  management standpoint, and do not
necessarily align themselves  with specific types of analyses.  Physical/chemical properties data, for example,
are used in support of Hazard Identification and Exposure Assessment.

    In determining how  certain  subcategories should be listed under a specific data category, two factors
were taken into consideration.  First, a subcategory is placed under a data category which, from a hierarchi-
 cal standpoint,  is the most logical parent  of that subcategory.  Second, if a subcategory can be logically
 placed under more than one major category, that subcategory is then listed under the more appropriate
 category.

    To facilitate use and understanding of the data categories and their subcategories, several data organiza-
 tion techniques are used. First, a  scope note is included for each major data category, describing the  scope
 or special features of that category (a scope note is, nevertheless, not a definition and, therefore, does not
 define  a category).  Second, a  definition (in some cases,  a  scope note) is developed for each subcategory
 (see Glossary).   Third,  where  a  subcategory may be logically placed under more than a single  major
 category  the more appropriate category is chosen to incorporate that subcategory and its  definition.  The
 same term is repeated  under the less appropriate category without  a definition, and a "See" reference is
 used referring the reader to the  more appropriate category.

     In  using this section of the Directory, the following must be taken into consideration:

     1.   For each data category,  only those  subcategories that are needed for risk characterization  are in-
 cluded. Therefore, a category may not include all of the possible subcategories.

     2. Some of the subcategories represent the types of information that are not readily  available in either
 the open literature or existing information  resources.

     3. The definitions for the subcategories are not necessarily the types of definitions that can be found in
 a text book or a dictionary.  Many of the definitions are  scope notes describing what is covered under a sub-
 category.
  *The data categories and subcategories described in this section were developed from those given in the OT$ In-
  formation Architecture Notebook, dated 1983.
                                                  A-2

-------
 A.1.1  Hazard Identification


    Data subcategories that are listed below are those that are needed to identify the hazard associated with
 a specific chemical.


 Subcategories

      •  1. Substance Identification

      •  2. Physical/Chemical Properties

      •  3. Hazard Characterization

      •  4. Comparisons of Molecular Structures

    1. Substance Identification.  This involves the identification of a substance based upon its commonly
 used names and  synonyms,  chemical formula and composition, and  Chemical Abstracts  Service (CAS)
 registry numbers.


    2. Physical/Chemical Properties. These properties indicate the potential for a chemical substance to
 migrate through environmental media .as well as the health effects that the chemical will have.  Some physi-
 cal/chemical properties relevant to hazard identification include: solubility, adsorption coefficient^ hydrolysis
 rate, physical state, partition coefficient, molecular weight, etc.


    3. Hazard Characterization.  This involves an assessment of various  hazards and health effects as-
 sociated with  a specific chemical.   The  hazard characterization  can be done  by  using data from
 epidemiologic, animal bioassay, and short-term studies done for the chemical  in question.


    4. Comparisons of Molecular Structures. Because properties and  toxicities may sometimes be similar
 for different but related  chemicals, it may  be  necessary to compare chemical  molecular structures.
 Molecular structure information often makes it easier to make exact distinctions between two chemicals with
 similar formulas.


 A.1.2  Dose-Response Assessment (Toxicokinetic and Bioeffects)


    Study results on dose-response reactions of specific chemicals often contain raw pharmacological data
 which must be extrapolated in order to be applied to Risk Assessments.  Data subcategories listed below
 are the types of operations that must be applied to pharmacological data in order to extrapolate the results
 to risk characterization.


 Subcategories

      •   1.  Low-Dose Extrapolation

      •   2.  Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation

      •   3.  Route Extrapolation

      •   4.  Duration Extrapolation

    1. Low-Dose Extrapolation.  Studies on health effects involving either humans or laboratory animals ex-
 posed to doses higher than anticipated in the environment.  Mathematical extrapolation is necessary to es-
timate the response at lower environmental doses.
                                               A-3

-------
    2 Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation.  Studies on health effects are also often done with laboratory
animals.  Extrapolation of animal-dose responses is necessary to use the study results to predict human
dose responses.

    3  Route Extrapolation.  Studies are  occasionally  unavailable for the exposure route of interest,  so
dose-response relationships must be inferred or extrapolated from data on another exposure route. This ex-
trapolation is usually used for estimating route or media specific criteria levels and standards.

    4.  Duration Extrapolation. Dose-response studies covering relatively short periods are frequently inade-
quate for evaluating chronic exposures. Therefore, longer term dose-response or dose severity relationships
must be inferred from subchronic and shorter term studies.


A.1.3 Exposure Assessment

    What the concentration will be at an exposure point and information on the population susceptible to  ex-
posure can be determined by factors listed  in the subcategories  below. The exposure to a contaminant can
be through air, soil, or water.


Subcategories

      •   1.  Physical/Chemical Properties

      •   2.  Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics

      •   3.  Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media

      •   4.  Population at Risk

      *  5.  Exposure Route, Magnitude & Duration

     1. Physical/Chemical Properties. See Section A. 1.1.

     2. Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics.  These refer to characteristics which determine
 environmental fate and transport of both the chemical in question and of the environmental  media through
 which transport is  occurring.  Relevant chemical characteristics include such parameters as partition coeffi-
 cient and solubility, while relevant environmental media  characteristics include  such things as soil type  and
 wind direction.

     3.  Chemical Concentrations in Environmental  Media.  These can be determined through the use of
 fate and transport models and monitoring data.  Once they are  determined, estimations of  concentrations at
 specific exposure points can be made to further characterize the risk.

     4.  Population at Risk. In order to fully characterize a risk, it is necessary to quantify the population  sus-
 ceptible to  exposure.  This can be approached using information from a variety of sources, including zoning
 maps or lists of ground or surface water users near a specific  site.

     5.  Exposure, Route, Magnitude, & Duration.  These determine what population will be exposed and to
 what magnitude the exposure will be. They are determined by factors mentioned above along with data on
 environmental persistence and bioaccumulation rates of  specific chemicals.
                                                 A-4

-------
A.1.4  Risk Characterization


    Once the concentration of a chemical substance at an exposure point is estimated, it is then possible to
determine health effects which may result. The following  subcategories are various effects that  a con-
taminant may have on health.


Subcategories/Definitions

     •   1. Environmental Effects

     •   2. Human Risk-Assessment

    1.  Environmental Effects.  Environmental effects from exposure to chemical substances include both
aquatic  and terrestrial  effects.  Aquatic effects are those  which occur on  aquatic vertebrates and inver-
tebrates as well as vascular and  non  vascular aquatic plants.  Terrestrial effects are those which occur on ter-
restrial vertebrates and invertebrates  as well as vascular and non-vascular terrestrial plants.


    2.  Human Risk-Assessment. This involves a quantification of both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic
risks.   Human Risk Assessment is following the exposure  assessment which indicates exposure amounts
susceptible populations, and durations of exposure.
                                               A-5

-------
                 EXHIBIT A-1  INFORMATION MATRIX
NON-BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA SUBCATEGORIES
                                     EPA DATA BASE
                                       CECATS
                                       GTDMIS
                                      OHM-TADS
                                    SPHERE - AQUIRE
                                     SPHERE-DADB
                                   SPHERE-ENVIROFATE
                                    SPHERE-GENETOX
                                     SPHERE-ISHOW
X

X
X
X













X
X
X











X
X
X
X
X



X



X
X
X




X
X










X


X
X
X

X
X





X
X


X






X
X




















X
X
X
X






X







Substance Identification
Physical/Chemical Properties
Epidemiologic Data
Animal-Bioassay Data
Short-Term Studies
Hazard
Characterization
Comparison of Molecular Structures
Low-Dose Extrapolation
Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation
Physical/Chemical Properties
Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics
Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
Population at Risk
Exposure Rate, Magnitude & Duration
Carcinogens
Non-Carcinogens
Human Risk
Assessment
Environmental Effects
Hazard
Identification
Dose Response
Assessment
Exposure
Assessment
Risk
Characterization
                                     A-6

-------
                 EXHIBIT A-2  INFORMATION MATRIX
NON-BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA SUBCATEGORIES
                   Non-EPA ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASE
                             CHEMFATE
                            HAZARDLINE
                              RTECS
                        TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
                             TOXLINE
x
X






X
X
X





x
X






X




X
X

x
X
X
X
X
X







X
X


X



X



X
X


X
X
X


X
X
X

X
X





X
X

Substance Identification
Physical/Chemical Properties
Epidemiologic Data
Animal-Bioassay Data
Short-Term Studies
Hazard
Characterization
Comparison of Molecular Structures
Low-Dose Extrapolation
Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation
Physical/Chemical Properties
Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics
Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
Population at Risk
Exposure Rate, Magnitude & Duration
Carcinogens
Non-Carcinogens
Human Risk
Assessment
Environmental Effects


Hazard
Identification
Dose Response
Assessment
Exposure
Assessment
Risk
Characterization
                                  A-7

-------
        EXHIBIT A-3 INFORMATION MATRIX
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA CATEGORIES
               RISK

         CHARACTERIZATION
             EXPOSURE

            ASSESSMENT
           DOSE-RESPONSE

            ASSESSMENT
              HAZARD

         IDENTIFICATION
      TITLE OF SOURCE
EPA
CRIB
EPACASR
SPHERE

NONEFA
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASE
- DATALOG
-BtoLOG
ENVtROUNE

NIOSHT1C
TOXUNS
- HEEP
- CBAC
- HAYES FILE ON PESTICIDES
- HMTC
- PESTICIDES ABSTRACTS
- TMJC
- TOXtOTY BIBLIOGRAPHY
- RPROJ
- TD3


X
X
X



X

X



X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X




X
X




X
X



X
X
X


X
X
X



X
X




X

X














X
X
X




X
X



X
X
X


X
X
X


                         A-8

-------
   EXHIBIT A-4 INFORMATION MATRIX
MANUAL SOURCES VS. DATA CATEGORIES
            RISK

       CHARACTERIZATION
          EXPOSURE

         ASSESSMENT
        DOSE-RESPONSE

         ASSESSMENT
           HAZARD

        IDENTIFICATION
  TITLE OF SOURCE
MANUALS
ENDANGERMENT ASSESSMENT HANDBOOK
GEMS USER'S GUIDE
GUIDANCE TO FEASIBILITY STUDIES UNDER
CERCLA
GUIDANCE ON REMEDIAL INVESTIGATIONS
UNDER CERCLA
SUMMARY CHEMICAL INFORMATION PROFILE
USERS MANUAL
SUPERFUND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT MANUAL
SUPERFUND PUBLIC HEALTH EVALUATION
MANUAL
TOXICOLOGY HANDBOOK, PRINCIPALS RELATED
TO HAZARDUOS WASTE SITE INVESTIGATIONS
USERS GUIDE TO CASR

DIRECTORIES
CHEMICAL ACTIVITIES STATUS REPORT
EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITY REPORT
DIRECTORY OF ONLINE DATA BASES
FEDERAL DATA BASE FINDER
GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT: THE USE OF
NUMERICAL MODELS
INDUSTRY PROGRAM INTERACTION MATRIX: A
GUIDE TO SELECTED PERSONNEL WHO ARE
FAMILIAR WITH SELECTED INDUSTRIES
INFORMATION RESOURCES IN TOXICOLOGY
MANAGER'S GUIDE TO EPA ACTIVITIES ON
TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
NIOSH PUBLICATION CATALOG
NTIS DIRECTORY OF COMPUTERIZED DATA FILES
OTS INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE NOTEBOOK
THE STATUS OF CHEMICALS IN THE SPECIAL
REVIEW PROGRAM, REGISTRATION PROGRAM,
AND DATA CALL-IN PROGRAM

X



X

X

X
X

X

X


X
X
X
X


X


X
X

X
X
X
X



X

X





X
X

X






X
X





x


X
X
x
x



X
X
X

X



X
X



x




X
X
x









x



.
X

X



x

x
x

x






x
x
x




x
X

X
x
x
x


                    A-9

-------

-------
                                         APPENDIX B
                      INFORMATION RESOURCES  MATRICES
                             RESOURCES VS ATTRIBUTES
    This appendix presents the resource attributes of the major computerized data bases that can be used
in support of the types of analyses required in performing risk-assessments.  Non-computerized resources
are included in Chapters 6 & 7 of the Directory since they have few significantly different attributes.

    There are two  types of  resource  attributes that  are  used to describe a computerized  information
resource, i.e., search attributes and  system attributes.  While search attributes pertain mainly to the sear-
chability and retrieval features of the data, system attributes describe characteristics of the system, including
hardware and  software used  and access mode.   The search and system attributes  of online data bases
define for the user what features, information, and capabilities are available.  The intent of this appendix of
the Directory is  to make the  user aware of the variety of information resources available, to help the  user
decide which attributes can facilitate access, and to assist the user in  selecting  the  most appropriate
resource(s) to solve the information problems.


    This appendix contains three parts.  The first part  is the matrix outline, listing resource attributes  in a
hierarchical format and  includes definitions (or sometimes scope notes) and codings for the attributes.  Fol-
lowing the definitions are two matrices matching search and system attributes against computerized informa-
tion resources.  In these  matrices, the attributes  are listed on the horizontal axis in the same sequence as
they appear in the hierarchical listing. The computerized information resources are placed on the vertical
axis of the matrix and are divided into two main groups, i.e.,  bibliographic data bases and rion-bibliographic
data bases.  Within each of these two groups,  the systems are listed in  alphabetical sequence and are
divided into EPA and Non-EPA data  bases. In the matrix, the information  resources are  either indexed by
an "X" symbol or by some other alphanumeric  notation.  For explanations  on the notations used in the
matrix, consult the attributes definitions in this Appendix. (For this version of the Directory, the matrices do
not include all information  resources, but only 20-25 of the more useful data bases.)


B.1  INFORMATION  RESOURCES/ATTRIBUTES  MATRIX OUTLINE


    Definitions for the column headings in the data base search and system attribute matrix  are provided
below in the order in which they appear in the matrix.  A  key  is also provided for  the various  symbols
entered in the matrix.
B.1.1  Search Attributes


     •  1. Chemical Searching

     •  2. Subject Searching

     •  3. Alphanumeric Searching

     •  4. Bibliographic Information Searching

     •  5. Logical Searching

     •  6. Search Aids
                                               B-1

-------
    1.  Chemical Searching.  This column indicates whether or not there are chemical-specific search and
retrieval capabilities and, if so, what chemical search options are available. Chemicals can be searched by:
    S - substructure
    CR - chemical reference number
    NM - name match

    2.  Subject Searching. An "X" in this column indicates that specific concepts, topics, and/or descrip-
tions can be searched and retrieved.

    3.  Alpha/Numeric Searching. An "X" in this column indicates that specific numeric or alpha numeric
data are  available and can be searched and retrieved.

    4.  Bibliographic Information. An "X" in this column means that bibliographic information (referring to
the document from which  data were extracted) can be either used as the object of a search and/or dis-
played In retrieved records.  This type of information may include such things as author, title, year of publica-
tion, Journal title (if applicable), language type, and abstract.

    5.  Logical Searching.  This column indicates whether or not there  may be manipulation  of search
terms to provide more specific or comprehensive searches.  Logical searching may be:

    FS - field specific; capability to search selected specific fields (indirect search or serial search)
    BWF - Boolean logic within fields; using logical operations ("and," "or," and "not") to show relationships
between sets of terms involving the same field of data
    BAP - Boolean logic across fields; logical operators can be used to link separate fields.

    6. Search Aids.  This column shows  whether or not there is tutorial help available on searching the data
base or  on describing the file contents.

B.1.2  System Attributes

     1. File Size and Use
         -Number of Records
         -Number of Chemicals

     2. Data Base Characteristics
         -Update Cycle
         -Cost
         -Coverage Period

     3. System Access
         -Source
         -Status
         -Interactive
         -Restricted Access
                                                  B-2

-------
    4. Hardware
        -Computer Utilized
        -Computer Owner

    5. Software
        -Program Language
        -Command Language

    6. System User Aids

    1. File Size and Use. This denotes the number of records available in the data base, where a record is
a unit of related information (e.g., a record is generally meant to include all the information stored for a par-
ticular document in a bibliographic data base).  It also denotes the number of unique chemicals,  substances,
formulations, generic classes, etc., in a data base.

    2. Data Base Characteristics

    Update Cycle - Shows the frequency of additions to the records in the data base. The key to the letters
in this column is as follows:
        C - closed
        D - daily
        W - weekly
        BW - biweekly
        M - monthly
        BM - bimonthly
        Q - quarterly
        SA - semi-annually
        A - annually
        I - irregular

    Cost - Itemizes the cost (dollars) per connect hour. This does not include subscription fees, print costs
or telecommunication fees.

    Coverage Period  -  Shows the span of coverage  represented by the data base contents.  No date on
the most recent end of a range (e.g., 1971-) indicates that coverage is to the present.
to:
    Content Type - This column denotes specific characteristics of the data base's  information according
        U - unpublished data; data is not in the public domain (e.g., communications, private files, etc.)
        O - ongoing research; contains references to research which is in progress
        I - international sources; data taken from non-U.S. sources either entirely or in addition to U.S.sources.
                                                 B-3

-------
   3. System Access

   Source - Shows the availability of the data base to the end user, where:
       C = commercial
       P = private

   Status - Denotes the current availability of a data base, where:
       D = developed
       U = under development

   Interactive.  If this  column is marked with an  "X",  the  system allows the user to input  instructions,
receive a response, and then modify or manipulate the results.

   Restricted Access.  An "X" in this column indicates that the data base is available to a limited user com-
munity (e.g., contains confidential data, is available only for "in-house" use, etc.)

   4.  Hardware

    Computer Utilized -  This column denoted the specific hardware in which the data base resides, where:
        VAX =  VAX 11/780
        IBM = IBM
        UNI = Univac

     Computer Owner -  This column shows the organization which owns or leases the hardware, where:
        EPA = EPA
        C  = contractor
        D  = developer of data base

     5.  Software

     Program Language - This column shows the defined set of characteristics and rules used for writing the
 computer  routine (e.g., COBOL, PL/1, BASIC).

     Command  Language -  Provides direct interface with the central processing unit and determines  data
 entryl™I editing facilities, submission and retrieval capabilities,  and utility and data set manipulation func-
 tions (e.g., TSO, ELHILL).

     6. System User Aids - An "X" in this column indicates that there is documentation available for the user
 to facilitate interaction with the system.
                                                  B-4

-------
 EXHIBIT B-1  INFORMATION MATRIX
EPA DATABASE SYSTEMS ATTRIBUTES
                            SPHERE-DERMAL ABSORPTION
14K
14K



O
C
U
X
X

C


X

2800



O
P
U
X
X

C


X
3539
655
C

1970-81

P
U
X
X

C


X
6.2K
418


1968-
O
C
D
X


C


X
30K
1.8K
C

1970-81
O
P
U
X
X

C


X
1.3K

C

1950-76
U,O
C
D
X


C


X
4K
4K
I

1970-
U,0
C
D
X


EPA


X
5K
15K
D

1976-
U,O
C
D
X


EPA


X
Number of Records
Number of Chemicals
Update Cycle
Cost
Coverage Period

Source
Status
Interactive
Restrictive Access
Computer Utilized
Computer Owner
Program Language
Command Language

File Size and Use
Data Base
Characteristics
Content Type
System
Access
Hardware
Software
System User Aids
                B-5

-------
   EXHIBIT B-2 INFORMATION MATRIX
NON-EPA DATABASE SYSTEMS ATTRIBUTES
1400K

M
55
1965-
0,1
C
D
X


D


X

73K
M
22
1890-
u.o.i
C
D
X





X
102K

BW

1880-
U,O,I
C
D



D


X
1.3K
1.3K
D
120

U,0
.C
D
X






116K

M
90
1971-
u,o,i
C
D
X


D


X
21 K
3K
S
85
1976-
U,O
C
D
X


D


X
Number of Records
Number of Chemicals
Update Cycle
Cost
Coverage Period

Source
Status
Interactive
Restrictive Access
Computer Utilized
Computer Owner
Program Language
Command Language

File Size and Use
Data Base
Characteristics
Content Type
System
Access
Hardware
Software

System User Aids
                   B-6

-------
EXHIBIT B-3 INFORMATION MATRIX
 DATA BASE SEARCH ATTRIBUTES
DATA BASE
EPA DATA BASES
CECATS
EPA CASR
OHM-TADS
SPHERE DATA BASES
-AQUIRE
-CHEMFATE
-DERMAL ABSORPTION
-GENETOX
-ISHOW
CHEMICAL
SEARCHING

CR
CR
CR.NM

CR.NM
CR
CR.NM
S,CR,NM
CR.NM
LOGICAL
SEARCHING

FS
FS.BAF
FS.BWF.BAF

FS.BWF.BAF
FS.BWF
FS.BWF.BAF
FS.BWF.BAF
FS.BWF.BAF
SUBJECT
SEARCHING



X

X

X
X
X
ALPHA/NUMERIC
SEARCHING



X

X

X

X
BIBLIOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION
SEARCHING





X
X
X
X
X


NON-EPA DATA BASES
CESARS
ENVIROLINE
HAZARDLINE
NIOSHTIC
RTECS
TOXLINE
SEARCH
AIDS

X
X


X

X

X


CR.NM
NM
CR.NM
CR.NM
S.CR.NM
CR.NM

FS.BWF.BAF
FS
FS.BWF.BAF
FS.BWF.BAF
FS.BWF.BAF

X
X
X
X
X
X



X


X
X
X

X

X
X
X

X


              B-7

-------

-------
                                        APPENDIX C


   INFORMATION RESOURCES AND THE SUPERFUND  PUBLIC HEALTH
                                 EVALUATION MANUAL
 HO  h,,,   int(fded *° !.erve as a reference for information sources when the Superfund Public
 Health Evaluation Manual and the Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual do not contain the specific infor-
 mabon  required to  evaluate the potential risks posed by a chemical identified at a  Superfund site   To

           In t  l,ind]n£ data> th6 information sources in this appendix of the Directory are listed under
                 6 6   *eDflKe,StepS of the Public health evaluation process as described in Chapters 3

                               ^ EVa'Uati0n MM  Specifica1'* the '" -W- "re re-

      •   Selection of Indicator Chemicals

      •   Estimation of Exposure Point Concentrations of Indicator

      •   Chemicals

      •   Estimation of Chemical Intakes

      •   Toxicity Assessment

      •   Risk Characterization


tho Mh'S aPPei]di* of the Directory summarizes available data bases and data files and tapes to aid users of

Ls mod^s  !±±9HPeC; 'C SOUrCeS,°f i?formation as needed-  Other types of information resources such
fnn^  H^  3    ;-dirf tOI"^S' Periodlca's, general publications, and people, may also  be useful in provid-
ing needed information  for the public health evaluation process.   For example Health Effects Assessment
Documents (set ^Section 7.2  of this Directory) provide useful exposure level data  Therefor? the user oS

ChaoSsE m^^K!* S reyiewin9jhe data base^ anddata files and tapes idSCd he e  rev ew
Chapters 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the Directory to identify other important information resources.
reaurme^                            health eVa'Uati°n process and identifies P°tentl'a' information
requ rements associated with each step in the process.  For each of the subheadings of information reauire

E r^t^TJSSS^tT1119"1 a,^Ut the PUrP°Se 3nd type °f inf°rmation nided  foZeTbyTst-
ho ,!H f.  h   f      data bases and data files and tapes.  Chapters 3 and 4 of the Directory can then
be used to character.^ more fully and gain access to particular information  resources.
                                             C-l

-------
                              C-1  STEPS INVOLVED IN THE
               SUPERFUND PUBLIC HEALTH EVALUATION PROCESS
SELECTION
OF
INDICATOR
CHEMICALS

"^

ESTIMATION OF
EXPOSURE POINT
CONCENTRATIONS


"^

ESTIMATION
OF CHEMICAL
INTAKES


"™\

TOXICITY
ASSESSMENT





RISK
CHARACTERIZATION


•Toxicity
• Physical/Chemical
 Proportios
•Identify Exposure
 Pathways
•Estimate Exposure
 Point Concentrations
•Compare to
 Requirements,
 Standards, and Criteria
• Calculate Air Intake
• Calculate Ground
 Water Intake
• Calculate Surface
 Water Intake
• Calculate Total
 Intake
• Carcinogenic
 Effects
• Non-Carcinogenic
 Effects  ,
C.1 SELECTION OF INDICATOR CHEMICALS

    The Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual recommends that if there are fewer than 10 to 15 chemi-
cals actually identified at a hazardous waste site all of them should be evaluated for their potential public
health risk at the site.  For those circumstances when there are many chemicals at a site, the Manual in-
cludes two information sources, Appendices C and D, which contain information that  allows the "highest risk"
chemicals to be identified. Appendix C contains data on the toxicity,  mobility, and persistence of specific
chemicals, whereas Appendix D presents more detailed methods for deriving indicator scores for chemicals
not listed  in Appendix C.  The selection of indicator chemicals is based on contaminant toxicities and physi-
cal/chemical properties, and useful sources for these two types of data are presented  separately below.
 C.1.1  Evaluate Chemical Toxicity

    Toxicity data include information on the response of an organism to a dose of a chemical  substance
 through various routes of exposure.  Such data may be for chronic toxicity or acute/subacute toxicity and
 may represent acute, subchronic or chronic exposure durations.  The following are data bases, files, and
 tapes that are useful sources of toxicity data.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1 for details)
         ACUTE HAZARDS DATA
         AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
         CECATS
         CRIB
         EEFIS
         CSDCLEANS
         DEEP
         EPACASR
         GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
         GI
                                                C-2

-------
   •
 Non
  •
  •
EPA
  GTDM1S
  HEOX
  IRIS
  NEUROTOXICITY DATA
  OHM-TADS
  ORALTOX
  PDAS
  PDMS
  PHRED
  RAD
  SPHERE
  STARA
  WBC
 EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2 for details)
 ACS JOURNALS ONLINE
 AGRICOLA
 AQUALINE
 ASFA
 BIOSIS
 CBDS
 CCRIS
 CESARS
 CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
 CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
 CHEMLINE
 CLEARINGHOUSE ON
 HEALTH INDEXES
 CTCP
 EMBASE
 ENVIROLINE
 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
 HSDB
 HAZARDLINE
 MEDLINE
 NIOSHTIC
 NTIS
 NPIRS
 OHS-MSDS
 PASCAL
 PROFILE
 RTECS
 TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
 TOXLINE
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1 for details)
    FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS
    CASTRO-INTESTINAL EFFECTS LITERATURE
    ITC CHEMICAL SCORES
    TSCA NEW CHEMICALS
    TSCA SECTION 4 CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES
                                         C-3

-------
r
           C.1.2  Physical/Chemical Properties

              The data bases listed under this heading are useful sources of information for physical/chemical proper-
           ties, which may be needed to select indicator chemicals.
               EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1 for details)
                •  CHEMD
                •  GEMS
                •  OHM-TADS
                •  PDMS
                •  PHRED
                •  SPHERE
                •  TSDF
               Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2 for details)
                •  CASEARCH
                •  CASSI
                *  CESARS
                •  CHEMLINE
                •  CHEMTRAN
                •  as
                •  DARC
                •  DORTMUND VLB DATA BANK
                •  ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
                *  HAZARDLINE
                •  HE1LBRON
                •  LOG P DATABASE
                •  NPIRS
                •   OHS-MSDS
                •  PASCAL
                •   RNSS
               EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
                •   WATER SOLUBILITY DATA
            C.2 ESTIMATION OF EXPOSURE POINT CONCENTRATIONS

                This step in the process described in the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual involves estimating
            baseline environmental concentrations of indicator chemicals so that the extent and duration of human ex-
            posure can be determined.  Often at Superfund sites, contamination may not yet have reached a point of
            human exposure.  In those cases, it is therefore necessary to estimate where and to what extent exposure
            will take place. This can be done through the use of chemical fate and transport models  (see Chapter 5 of
            this Directory).

                The steps involved in estimating exposure point concentrations in various types of environmental media
            include:
                 •  Identifying Exposure Pathways
                 •  Estimating Exposure Point Concentrations
                 •  Comparing to Requirements, Standards, and Criteria
                                                          C-4

-------
    Various types of data, including chemical and environmental media properties, are needed to use fate
 and transport models to estimate exposure point concentrations. Once the estimates are made  it is neces-
 sary to compare them to exposure limits for the chemicals.

 C.2.1  Identify Exposure Pathways
    The pathway that a chemical will take towards an exposure point depends on the characteristics of the
 site and of the transport media, be it air, surface, or ground water.  These characteristics include such thinas
 as ground water flow direction or wind direction. The following informational resources are useful in identify-
 ing exposure pathways. Because this step is highly site-specific, however, relatively few resources are listed

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
      •  GEMS
      •  STORET
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
      •  DMS
      •  MWDI
      •  NERDES
      •  WDSD
      •  WATERNET
      •  WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
      •  WATSTORE
      •  WRSIC
    EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4 1)
      •  SAROAD
        EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4 2)
         ADR                                 '  '
        AOWF
         BASIC WELL DATA FOR PROFESSIONAL PAPER 796
         GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
        INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
        STAR
        SUMMARY OF THE MONTHLY CO-OP ELEMENT
        SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS
Non-
C.2.2 Estimate Exposure Point Concentrations
          m.°"itorin9udata d° not exist or where contaminants have not yet reached exposure points math-
                   thKte'p. ^^  C™°-  Fate •"" '-sport mod* listed in Chapter I Sf

   EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  AIRTOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
     •  EERF
     •  ERFD
     •  GEMS
                                             C-5

-------
  Non-
   EPA
   Non-
MICROBIOLOGICAL DATA
PDMS
STORET
TSDF
•EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
DMS
MWDI
NEDRES
NOW1C
NPIRS
SIRS
WDSD
WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
WATERLINE
WATSTORE
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
 CHAMP
 CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
 EPID
 SAROAD
 EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
 ADR
 AOWF
 BASIC WELL DATA FOR PROFESSIONAL PAPER 796
 GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
 INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
 NASQAN
 MIXING HEIGHT STUDIES
 STABILITY ARRAY
 SUMMARY OF THE MONTHLY CO-OP ELEMENT FILE
 SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS
 U.S. SOIL TEMPERATURES
 VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN THE ATMOSPHERE: AN ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE DATA
C.2.3  Compare to Requirements, Standards and Criteria

   Once estimates of exposure point concentrations are made, it is necessary to compare these estimates
to existing health standards and limits for the indicator chemicals. The following resources are useful in find-
Ing these data.

   EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  EPACASR
     *  IRIS
     •  PHRED
   Non-EPA Data Files (see Section 3.2)
     •   CHEMICAL REGULATION REPORTER
     •   CHEMLAW
     •   CHEMLINE
     •   CRGS
     •   CTCP
                                             C-6

-------
     •   ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NEWS
     •   HAZARDLINE
     •   HSDB

     •   NIOSHTIC
     •   OCIS

     •   OHS-MSDS

     •   RTEGS

     •   WATERLINE

     •   WATERNET
C.3  ESTIMATION OF CHEMICAL INTAKES


    In order to assess the potential adverse health effects associated with a site, it is necessary to determine
the amount of human exposure to the indicator chemicals. Human exposure is expressed in terms of intake,
which is the amount of substance taken into the body per unit body weight per length of time. The intakes
are calculated separately for various environmental media. The steps involved in estimating overall intake are:
      •   Calculate Air Intake

      •   Calculate Ground Water Intake

      •   Calculate Surface Water Intake

      •   Combine Pathway-Specific Intakes to Yield Total Intake

    Intake should be calculated both as subchronic daily intake (SDI) and as chronic daily intake (GDI).  This
can be calculated from data on exposure concentrations, and vital statistics on the exposed population.


C.3.1 Calculate Air  Intake
    Human intake of contaminants in air is dependent upon the contaminant concentration, the frequency
and volume of inhalations, the duration of exposure, and paniculate size.  The following information resour-
ces are useful in calculating air intakes.
    EPA
    Non-
     •

    EPA
     •

    Non
 Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
 AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
 CRIB
 ERFD
 EERF
 GEMS
 INHALATION LITERATURE
 TSDF
 WBC

 EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
 NOHS

 Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
 CHAMP
•EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
 VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN THE ATMOSPHERE
                                               C-7

-------
C.3.2 Calculate Ground-Water Intake

    Human exposure to contaminated ground water can occur from wells used as a drinking water source.
The degree of exposure depends on the concentration of the contaminant in drinking water, the amount con-
sumed per day, and the duration of exposure.  The following information resources are useful in calculating
ground water intakes.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  GEMS
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     *  MWDI
     •  WATERLINE
     •  WATERNET
     •  WATSTORE


C.3.3 Calculate Surface Water Intake

    Intake of contaminants from surface water can occur from both ingestion of surface water or from inges-
tion of contaminated fish.  Intake from surface water occurs when the surface water is used as  a drinking
water source.  As with ground water, the intake depends on the amount ingested  per day and the duration
of exposure.  Intake from contaminated fish depends upon the contaminant concentrations in the fish, the
amount of fish consumed, and the duration of exposure. The following information resources can  be used in
calculating Intakes from surface water.

    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
      *  GEMS
      •  LAMS
      •  STORET
    Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
      *  ASFA
      •  MWDI
      •  WATER11NE
      •  WATERNET
      *  WATSTORE
      *  WDSD
    Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes
      *   NASQAN
      • WATSTORE


 C.3.4 Combine Pathway-Specific Intakes To Yield Total  Intake

    In this step, the above calculations of intake from air, ground, and surface water are totaled to calculate
 an upper  bound on the total exposure.  Section 5.5 of the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual gives
 details on how this is accomplished. Information resources in the above three sections can be used to deter-
 mine total exposure.
                                               C-8

-------
C.4 TOXICITY ASSESSMENT

    The toxicity assessment is done to determine critical toxicity values in the Superfund health evaluation
process. This information is used in conjunction with results of the exposure assessment to characterize
risk.  In the  manual,  reference doses (rids),  and evaluations by  EPA's Carcinogen  Assessment Group
reported in Health Effects Assessment Documents (HEAs) are listed in Appendix C to serve as a consistent
source of critical toxicity values.  In situations where Appendix C does not contain the necessary data for all
indicator chemicals at a site, the EPA Office of Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment (Cincinnati) should
be contacted.  In addition, the following information resources may be  useful  in conducting the toxicitv as-
sessment.                                                                                   *
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  CECATS
     •  CSDCLEANS
     •  CRIB
     •  DEEP
     •  EPACASR
     •  GI
     •  GTDMIS
     •  GEMS
     •  HEOX
     •  IRIS
     •  NATIONAL HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE DATA
     •  OHM-TADS
     •  ORALTOX
     •  PDMS
     •  PHRED
     •  SPHERE
     •  STARA
   Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3 2)
     •  BIOSIS
     •  CBDS
     •  CCRIS
     •  CESARS
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMANS TISSUES AND FLUIDS
     •  CHEMLINE
     •  CTCP
     •  EMBASE
     •  ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
     •  HSDB
     •  HAZARDLINE
     •  MEDLINE
     •  NIOSHTIC
     •  NPIRS
     •  OHS-MSDS
     •  PASCAL
     •  RTECS
     • TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
     •  TOXLINE
                                              C-9

-------
C.5 RISK CHARACTERIZATION

    In the risk characterization step of the Manual, a comparison is made between projected intakes and cal-
culated risks in order to quantify the overall risk. Different types of risk characterization include:
     •   Carcinogenic Effects
     •   Non-carcinogenic Effects
    The manual outlines different methods of characterizing risk for each type of effect.

C.5.1  Carcinogenic Effects

    The  carcinogenic  risk  is dependant upon the  chronic daily intakes.of the  contaminant and the car-
cinogenic potency factor, values of which are listed in Appendix C of the manual.  In  addition, other informa-
tion resources which may be useful in calculating carcinogenic effects are listed below.
    EPA
     Non-
Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CARaNOGENlCITY LITERATURE
CECATS
EPACASR
GTDMIS
IRIS
SPHERE
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
BIOSIS
CANCERLJT
CBDS
CESARS
CCRIS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
CHEMLJNE
as
CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
EMBASE
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
 HAZARDLINE
 MEDLINE
 NIOSHTIC
 NOES
 NOHS
 OCIS
 OHS-MSDS
 PASCAL
 RTECS
 TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
 TOXLINE
     EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
       •  CHIPS
       •  POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS
                                                C-10

-------
C.5.2 Non-carcinogenic Effects

    The non-carcinogenic risk is dependent upon the exposure level, or intake.and the acceptable level of in-
take for the contaminant.  For assessing teratogenic risk, the subchronic daily intake and the acceptable
level of intake are often used.  Reference doses are listed, for some chemicals, in Appendix C of the Super-
fund Public Health Evaluation Manual.  In addition, the following information resources may also provide use-
TUI data.
    EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
     •  CECATS
     •  DEEP
     •  EPACASR
     •  GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
     •  GI
     •  GTDMIS
     •  HEOX
     •  WBC
     •  IRIS
     •  NEUROTOXICFTY DATA
     •  OHM-TADS
     •  PERMDATA
     •  PDAS
     •  RAD
     •  SPHERE
     •  STARA
   Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
     •  BIOSIS
     •  CESARS
     •  CCRIS
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
     •  CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
     •  CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
     •  CTCP
     •  EMIC
     •  ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
     •  ETIC
     •  HAZARDLINE
     •   MEDLINE
     •  NIOSHTIC
     •  NOES
     •  NOHS
     •  NPIRS
     •  PASCAL
     •  OCIS
    •  OHS-MSDS
    •  PROFILE
    •  RTECS
    •  TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
    •  TOXLINE
                                             C-ll

-------

-------
                   GLOSSARY AND DEFINITION  OF ACRONYMS
  Absorption:
  ACS:
     American Chemical Society.

  Acute/Subacute Toxicity:
     Immediate or short term response of an organism to a single dose of a chemical substance
        r0e
             u
       int. includes
tinnd h
tion, and bi
                                 and other quantitative endpoints.
 Adsorption Coefficient:
                      f antif|cation of the adherence of a substance to a surface.  The transport degrada-
                     of a substance are greatly affected by it's adsorption properties.           aegraaa
 AQUIRE:
     Aquatic Information Retrieval Data Base - a component of SPHERE
 Behavioral Toxicity:
     Behavioral manifestations of an organism's  response to a toxic substance.
 Bioconcentration/Biomagnification:
Boiling Point:

the
 CA Index Name:

                    * ** temperature at which a licluid u"der «andard atmospheric pressure changes to
                  > fU"y* systemf ic name assi9ned bY the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)   A CA Index
                   ^^               r                       in the identification °f a substa J
 CAS:
    Chemical Abstracts Service.

 CAS Registry Number:




CBI:
    Confidential Business Information.
CDC:
    Center for Disease Control.
                                          Glossary-l

-------
CERCLA:
    Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act.

CHEMD:
    Chemical Directory Data Base.

Chemical  description/composition:
    In certain substances, the CAS Index/Preferred Name may not be sufficiently detailed enough to identify
the substance completely. The chemical description/composition name may be useful for those substances.

Chemical  Incompatibility:
    The capacity of a chemical substance to react with another substance to produce an undesired product.

CHIP:
    Chemical Hazard Information Profile.

Chronic Toxicity:
    Response of an organism to repeated, long term exposure to a chemical substance.

Color:
    The aspects of a chemical  substance that may be described in terms of hue, lightness, and saturation.
Includes both qualitative and quantitative descriptions.

CPSC:
    Consumer Product Safety Commission.

CSB:
    U.S. EPA Chemical Screening

Decomposition Temperature:
    The temperature at which heat causes the chemical  degradation of a substance into two or more sub-
stances.

Density:
    Density Is the mass of a liquid, or gas per unit volume of that substance.

DERMAL:
    A dermal exposure database  - a component of SPHERE

DIALOG:
    A commercial vendor of on-line databases.

Dissociation Constant (Ka,Kb):
    The dissociation constant represents the degree of ionization of acids and bases in solution.  It is usually
reported as the negative logarithm of the constant.

 Distribution:
    The internal transport and deposition of a chemical substance in body fluids, tissues, and organs. Dis-
tribution can be reported  quantitatively.

 DOE:
    U.S. Department of Energy.

 EEFIS:
    Environmental Effects/Fate Information System.
                                             Glossary-2

-------
 ENV1ROFATE:
     Environmental fate database - a component of SPHERE.
 Environmental Characteristics:
     These identify and characterize the medium that becomes contaminated,  such as air, ground and sur-
 face water, or soil.  This category would include such things as  meteorological data (e.g., wind speed and
 direction), surface and ground-water characteristics (e.g., such as flow velocities), and soil types and charac-
 teristics.
 EPACASR:
     EPA Chemical Activity Status Report.

 Epidemiology:
     Study of the relationships of the various factors determining the frequency and distribution of diseases in
 a human community.

 Excretion:
     Elimination of a chemical substance or its metabolites by an organism.  Excretion can be represented
 quantitatively and may include rate.

 Extractability:
     This refers to the extractability of a substance by water or other substances.

 Eye Irritation:
     Reactions produced in the eye after exposure to a chemical substance.

 FDA:
     U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

 Field Studies:
                   ? Wff 5 Or9a"isms are exP°sed to a comical substance in a natural habitat or in an ar-
                   located outside the laboratory and operated under natural conditions.

 Flammable Limits:
     Flammable limits denote the concentration range at which the flammable or explosive mixture will  ianite
 ana continue burning.                                                                          a

 Flash Point:
                ithiSithe temperature at which a liquid or volatile solid Qives off vapor sufficient to form an ig-
GEMS:
    Graphical Exposure Modeling System.

GENETOX:
    Genetic Toxicology System ~a component of SPHERE.

GLOBAL:
    An OTS indexing system of TSCA documents.

Henry's Law Constant:
    The Henry's Law Constant expresses the effect pressure has on the solubility of a gas.
HERD:
    U.S. EPA Health and Environmental Review Division.
                                            Glossary-3

-------
Hydrolysis Rate:                                                                 .  ,.
   The rate of reaction of a chemical substance with water to form a new substance or substances.


ISHOW:
    Information System for Hazardous Organics in Water.


  6 The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from the solid to the liquid state.


Metabolism:
    The physical or chemical alteration of a chemical substance by an organism.


    This  number is' a  systematic summation of the  actual numbers and kinds of options  present in a
molecule at a chemical substance.


  ° A°8u"matlon of the individual atomic weights  based on the numbers and kinds of atoms present in a
molecule of a chemical substance.

Mutagenlcity:
    The capacity to cause an adverse effect on a genetic system.

NAS:
    National Academy of Sciences.

 NCI:
    National Cancer Institute

 NCP:
    National Contingency Plan.


    Observed'effects to the nervous system caused by exposure to a chemical substance.  Includes effects
 to neuromuscular transmissions and pathological changes in nerves, spinal cord, or brain.


 NIH:
     National Institutes  of Health.

 NIOSH:
     National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

 NOAA:
     National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.

 NT1S:
     National Technical Information Service.

 Odor:
     A description of the smell  of a chemical.

 OHEA:
     U.S. EPA Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
                                              Glossary-4

-------
  OHM-TADS:
     Oil and Hazardous Materials - Technical Assistance Data System.
  OHR:
     U.S. EPA Office of Health Research.

  Oncogenicity:
  n,,mI1^?vf°rmf 10n oblerved in organisms in response to exposure to a chemical substance. May include
  number, type, site, growth-rate and ability to metastasize of tumor.
  OPP:
     U.S.  EPA Office of Pesticide Programs.

  ORD:
     U.S.  EPA Office of Research and Development.

  ORP:
     U.S.  EPA Office of Radiation Programs.

  OSHA:
     Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

  OSW:
     U.S. EPA Office of Solid Wastes.

 OTS:
     U.S. EPA Office of Toxic Substances.

 Particle Size:
     The average diameter of the individual particles in a particular solid.
 Partition Coefficient (log P):

 PENTA:
    An enhanced version of the Technical Data Indexing System (TDIS).
PHRED:
    Public Health Risk Evaluation Data; a database.
PMN:
    Premanufacturing Notification.

pH:
                                                                                           of the
Physical State:
    Whether or not the substance is a gas, liquid, or a solid under ambient or other given conditions.
RCRA:
    Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
                                            Glossary-5

-------
Reproductive Toxicity:                                                            .                   '
    Observed effects on  reproductive  organs or  reproductive  performance of an organism.  Includes egg
laying, fertilization, number of offspring, and reproduction.


Relative Vapor Density:
    Relative Vapor Density is the ratio of the weight of a gas to the weight of an equal quantity of air.



  °UThe route of exposure is the mode by which  humans or the environment is exposed to a chemical sub-
Stance.  For example, route of exposure may be dermal  contact or inhalation, and route of environmental ex-

posure may be air, water, or land.


RTECS*
    Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.



    A response of the immune system (an allergic reaction) of an organism caused by its being exposed to

a chemical substance.



    "lo'ca?Inflammatory response of the skin observed  after exposure to a chemical substance. Exposure

can be a single, repeated, or prolonged contact.



  ° "ihe solubility of a substance in water (or other solvent)  is the weight of the dissolved substance per
volume of solution in water (or other solvent) when  the solution  is at equilibrium with an excess of the sub-
stance, i.e., saturated at a specific temperature. This definition is limited to homogeneous materials.


SPHERE:                                                                 ^   .
     Scientific Parameters in Health and the Environment; Retrieval and Estimation Databases.


Sublethal Toxicity:                                                      .   „       .   iU       . ...
     Response  of an organism exposed to a chemical substance that results in effects other than mortality,
 Including; behavioral, reproductive, growth and physiological effects.


 Sublimation Temperature:                                                                .
     The temperature at which the partial pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with a solid substance is equal to

 one atmosphere.


 Synonyms:
     The chemical synonym may be a non-systematic  chemical name, a common name, a trade name, a

 class name, a code, or a trivial name.


 TDIS:
     Technical  Data Indexing System.


 Teratogenicity:
     Abnormalities observed  in offspring of females exposed in utero, and  developmental delays, or fetal

  death.

  Transport/Transformation Characteristics and  Partitioning:
      Partitioning refers to the relative distribution of a chemical  among environmental media while transport
  refers to the potential movement of the chemical from one media  compartment to another. Transformation
  refers to a chemical's change in structure.  Major processes that effect transformation  are photolysis, oxida-
  tion, hydrolysis, biotransformation, and the transport media characteristics.
                                              Glossary-6

-------
 TSCA:
    Toxic Substances Control Act.

 TSCATS:
    Toxic Substances Control Act Test Submissions - an indexing system.

 USDA:
    U.S. Department of Agriculture.

 USGS:
    U.S. Geological Survey.

Vapor pressure:
    The vapor pressure of a substance is the pressure which a vapor, in a closed container and in equi-
librium with its solid or liquid form, exerts on the enclosing walls.

Viscosity:
    The internal resistance of a liquid substance to flow.
                                           Glossary-7

-------

-------
                                  SUBJECT INDEX

Access to Data Bases Through EPA Libraries                                                 Q AQ
ACS Journals Online ................ .'.'.'.' ........................... ^
Addresses for Data Files and Tape Contacts ....... '.'.'. ........................ «}(
Addresses of Online Services and Producers               ........................ o"]n
AGRICOLA  ..................  ................................. r™
Air/Water Pollution Report  ........ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .......................... oil
Animal-Bioassay Data (chronic toxicity)  ...... ,  . .  . ........................... I™
Animal-to-Human Dose  Extrapolation ......... .  ............................ ^
Annual Observation Well File (AOWF)             .............................. '-,
AQUALINE  ....................  '.'.'.'.'.'. .......................... ~\l
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA)  '.'.'.'.'.'.''.'.'.'.'. .................... 3 HO
Athens Environmental Research Laboratory Library  .........  . . ................... 3 4g
Atmospheric Dispersion of Radionuclides (AIRDOSE EPA)    ......................... c -M
Atmospheric Fate Models   ..............            .................... '  ' '^.^
Automatic Digital Recorder Tapes (ADR)  ..'.'.'.'.'.'.  .........................      4 7
Basic Well Data for Professional Paper 796  .......    .......................... ,~
Biosciences Information Service (BIOSIS)                  ........................ ~I0
BOXMDD80  .....                    .................................. v3'18
CANAL   ................ .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' .............................
Cancer Literature  (CANCERLIT; formerly CANCER' LINE) ............................ o4,"!
Carcinogens ....................           ........................ ~ iy
 EPA Data Bases (See: Section 3.1)  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ........................... f}l
   Carcinogenicity Literature .....                ........................... 7. *
   CECATS  .....                    ................................. 2'15
   EPACASR  ......           ..................................... 2'15
   GTDMIS   .................. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ......................... ?
   General Radiation Health Impact Evaluation   ............................... o ,r
   IRIS  ......                        ................................ 2'15
   SPHERE  ............ '.'.'.'.'. .................................. 2"15
 Non-EPA Data Bases (See: Section 3.2) ' '. ................................. olr
   BIOSIS  ......                          ............................. ^"'5
   CANCERLIT   ....         ....................................... 2'15
   CBDS ......                ..................................... 2'15
   CCRIS   .....          ......................................... 2'15
   CESARS   ............. '.'.'.'.'.'.'. ............................... 2"15
   Chemical Exposure  ........ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ..................... \ ~!f
   Chemical Exposure:  Chemicals in Human Tissues and Fluids ....................... O'HC
   CHEMLINE ......                                  ...................... ^'5
   cis   ............ .'.'.'.'.'!.'!.".'.'.'.':: ........................... 2~15
   Clearinghouse on  Health Indexes .       ................................. 2"^
   EMBASE   ................ .''.'' ............................... 2'16
   Environmental Fate Data Bases   ................................... ' '2~16
   HAZARDLINE   . .                  .................................. 2"16
   MEDLINE  .....            ......................... ............. 2'16
   NIOSHTIC  ....            ...................................... 2'16
   NOES .......            ...................................... 2'16
   NOHS ......              ...................................... 2-16
   NPIRS  ...           .......................................... 2'16
   OCIS  ...... : .............................................. 2-16
   OHS-MSDS ...               ..................................... 2'16
   PASCAL  ........        ....................................... 2'16
   RTECS  .............. .......  ................ ............... 2"16
  Toxicology Data Bank .....      .................................... 2"16
  TOXLINE  ...               ...................................... 2~16
                 ............................................... 2-16
                                        Index-!

-------
  EPA Data Files and Tapes (See: Section 4.1)
    Potential Substantial Risks
Carclnogenesis Bioassay Data System (CBDS)
CAS Online (also known as CA SEARCH)
Central Regional Laboratory Library
Channel Transport Model (CHNTRN)  ............ .
Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI)
Chemical and Stream Quality Model (TOXIWASP) ....... .
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System (CCRIS)
Chemical Concentrations in  Environmental Media
Chemical Evaluation Search And Retrieval System (CESARS)
Chemical Exposure ....................
Chemical Exposure: Chemicals in Human Tissues and Fluids
Chemical Information System (CIS)
Chemical Regulations and Guidelines System (CRGS)
Chemical Regulation Reporter
Chemical Transport and Analysis Program (CTAP)
Chemicals Identified in Human Biological Media
                                                                                         2-16
CHEMLAW  ................................................. ' ' 'IT;
CHEMUNE  ............................ •  .......................  '
CHEMSEARCH                                                                            ~
 Chem Singly Indexed Substances (CHEMSIS)
 CHEMTRAN
 CHEMZERO
 Cincinnati Environmental Research Center Library
 Clearinghouse on Health Indexes
 Climatological Dispersion Model (CDM)
 Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products (CTCP)
 Cohort Analysis of Increased Risks of Deaths (CAIRO) Model
 Community Health Air Monitoring Program (CHAMP)
 Comparisons of Molecular Structures
 Compliance Alert: Federal Register Digest
 Compliance Management Report
 Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Library
 Coupled Fluid, Energy and Solute Transport (CFEST)
   Combined with UNSAT-ID
 CRSTER
 DARC
                                                                                           _
 Directories   [[[ 0 oc
 ^...o                                                              ................ <3-^O
 DMS ............................................                  „ oc.
 Dortmund VLE Data Bank  ............................................ -tf
 Dose and Risk Assessment Tabulation (DARTAB)   ............................... =>-'£
 Dose Response Assessment (Toxicokinetics and Bioeffects)   ......................... 2-8
 Dose-Response Models  .................................... ' ......... 5'^
 Duluth Environmental Research Laboratory Library  .............................. J b"
 Duration Extrapolation  .............................................. jjjS
 DYNHYD3 [[[
 Ecological Effects Data  ............................................. J^
 Ecotoxlcologlcal Data on Ethoxylated Surfactants (ETHOX)   ......................... ^
 EMBASE  .......................................... ........... 312°
 Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2E)  ............................... *>-'
 ENV1ROUNE [[[ 3';°
 Environment Reporter  ............................................... ^"^°
 Environmental Bibliography  ........................................... ;f^°

-------
 Environmental Fate Data Bases	                               3 27
 Environmental Health News	'.':'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.	3^7
 Environmental Mutagen Information Center (EMIC)  	!	3 2«
 Environmental Partitioning Model (ENPART)  ..... .	'.'.',	5_16
 Environmental Teretology Information Center (ETIC)        	Q~28
 EPA Bibliographic Data File  . .  . ".	:.":•; .' .'  ' .' .' .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'	4.2
 EPA Data Bases	                   	3 1
    Acute Hazards Data	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.	3-2
    Air Emissions  From Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities for Hazardous Waste (TSDF)	3-2
    Airborne Paniculate and Precipitation Data (ERFD)	            3_2
    Air Toxics Clearinghouse	        3-2
    Carcinogenicity Literature	                        	o o
    CBI GLOBAL	.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.''.'.'.'.	3.3
    Chemicals In Commerce Information System (CICIS)	      	33
    CSB Existing Chemical Assessment Tracking System (CECATS)  ..'.'.'.'.'.'.	3.4
    Clinical Studies Division, Cleans Clever Clinical Study Data (CSDCLEANS)   	3.4
    Criteria Reference Information Bank (CRIB)   .......                     	34
    Dyer EEG Evoked Potential (DEEP)   	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.	3.4
    Eastern Environmental Radiation Facilities (EERF) Sample Data Base	35
    EPA Chemical Activities Status Report (EPACASR or CASRS)  	            	3.5
    Environmental Effects/Fate Information System (EEFIS)	3.5
    ERFD See: Airborne Paniculate and Precipitation Data
    General Radiation Health Impact Evaluation	                        ,       3 6
    Global Indexing System (Gl)   	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.	        3-6
    Genetic Toxicology Division Bioassay System (GTDMIS)  .	3 5
    Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS)  .              	o"R
    HEOX (Oxidants)	.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'	37
    Industrial  Studies Data Base (ISDB)   	'.'.'.'.'.		o~7
    Inhalation Literature	3 8
    Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)	3"8
    Lake Analysis Management System (LAMS)  . .	3 8
    LEVEL 8(A) See: TSCA 8(a) LEVEL A Information System        	
    MEGA-XLIST	
    Microbiological Data	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.	'39
    National Air Toxics Information Clearing House (NATICH)  '.'.'.'.'.'.	3 a
    National Human Adipose Tissue Data  	          	o 1n
    Neurotoxicity Data	\  \	)T™
    Ocean Data Evaluation System (ODES)  .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.	'  " '  3^0
    Oil and Hazardous Materials-Technical Assistance Data System  (OHM-TADS)  ............  .3-10

    OTS Chemical  Directory (CHEMD)  '.'.'.'.	?~]J
    PENTA  	.'.'.'.'.'.'	o"
    Permdata Management System (PERMDATA)	   	' '  3.^
    Pesticide Document Management System (PDMS)	3"12
    Pesticide Incident Monitoring System (PIMS)   	  	3"12
•   Physiological Data Acquisition System (PDAS)	3"12
   Public Health Risk Evaluation Data Base (PHRED)              	o~,0
   Radiation  (RAD)  	.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'	3-13
   Scientific Parameters for Health and the Environment, Retrieval and Estimation (SPHERE)	313
   Storage and Retrieval of Water Quality Information (STORET)  	             	3 14
   Studies on Toxicity Applicable to Risk Assessment (STARA)              	q 14
   TSCA Initial Inventory  	      	^ \
   TSCA8(a) LEVEL A Information System (LEVEL8(A))	o~1tr
   TSCA Plus		Ill
   TSCA Test Submissions (TSCATS)	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.	3^5
   TSDF See: Air Emissions from Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities for Hazardous Waste
                                         Index-3

-------
   Whole-Body Count and Bioassay (WBC)	3-"16
EPA Data Files and Tapes	4'1
  Chemicals Identified in Human Biological Media	4-"1
  Community Health Air Monitoring Program (CHAMP)	4-1
  Ecological Effects Data  	4'2
  Ecotoxicological Data on Ethoxylated Surfactants (ETHOX)   	4-2
  EPA Bibliographic Data File	4'2
  Eptdemiological Studies (EPID)	4-2
  Files of Exposure Assessments for Existing Chemicals  	4-3
  Gastro-Intestinal Effects Literature   	4-3
  ITS Chemical Scores	4'3
  Love Canal and Data Handling System	4-3
  National Human Milk Monitoring Program (NHMP)   	4-4
  Oil and Hazardous Materials Spill Information Retrieval System (OHM-SIRS)  	4-4
  Potential Substantial Risks	4'4
  Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification Data File   	'.	4-4
  Storage And Retrieval Of Aerometric Data (SAROAD), National Air Data Branch  	4-5
  Survey Meter and Historical Dosimetry Data Base (SM/HD)   	4-5
  Three Mile Island Environmental Radiation (TMI Rad)	4-5
  TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
    Plant Site Information File	4-5
  TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
    Production Information File	4-6
  TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
    Preferred Name File and Synonym File  	4-6
  TSCA New Chemicals   	4-6
  TSCA Section 4 Chemical Bibliographies	4-7
  Water Solubility Data	4-7
 EPA Models   	5-1
  Atmospheric Dispersion of Radionuclides (AIRDOSE EPA)  	5-14
  BOXMDD80	5'1
  Climatological Dispersion Model (COM)   	5-2
  Channel Transport Model (CHNTRN)	5-5
  Chemical and Stream Quality Model (TOXIWASP)	5-5
  Chemical Transport and Analysis  Program (CTAP)   	5-6
  Cohort Analysis of Increased Risks of Deaths (CAIRO) Model  	5-14
  CRSTER	5-2
  Dose and Risk Assessment Tabulation (DARTAB)	5-14
  DYNHYD3   	5-6
  Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2E)	5-7
  Environmental Partitioning Model (ENPART)	'.	5-16
  Exposure Analysis Modeling  System (EXAMS)	5-7
  High Level Radioactive Waste-Respository Risk Model (REPRISK)	5 14
  Hydrdogical Simulation Program FORTRAN (HSPF)   	5-7
  Industrial Source Complex	5-2
  Low-level Radioactive Waste Environmental Transport and
    Risk Assessment Code (PRESTO-EPA)   	5-15
  Maximum Individual Dose  Model  (MAXDOSE)	5-15
  Metals Exposure Analysis Modeling System (MEXAMS)	58
  Michigan River Model (MICHRIV)	5-8
  MINTEQ	5-8
  Mixture and Systemic Toxicant Risk Model (MSRM)	5 15
  Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM)	5-12
  Pesticides Analytical Transport Solution (PESTAN) or
    Analytic Transient 1,2,3 Dimensional Model (AT123D)	5-12
  Plutonium Air Inhalation Dose (PAID)	5-15


                                             Index-4

-------
  Point Source Discharge - Concentration at a Distance (PTDIS)	5-3
  Point Source Discharge - Maximum Concentration (PTMAX)	5.3
  Point, Area, Line Source Algorithm (PAL)	                            5.4
  Probabilistic Dilution Model (PDM)  	                    	5.8
  PTMTP  	'	'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 5-3
  Radionuclide Dose Rate/Risk (RADRISK)	5-16
  RAM	'5.4
  Regulator and Treatment Zone Model (RITZ)	:	 .5-13
  REPRISK See: High Level Radioactive Waste Repository Risk Model
  Seasonal Soil Compartment Model (SESOIL)  	5-13
  Sediment-Contaminant Transport (SERATRA)  	5.9
  Simulated Waste Access to Ground Water (SWAG)   	5-13
  Sludge Program-Health Impacts (SPHI)   	5-16
  Texas Episodic Model (TEM)	 5-4
  Three-dimensional Plumes in Uniform Ground-Water Flow (PLUMEZD)  	'.	5-13
  Time-dependent, Three-dimensional Transport Model	59
  Time-dependent, Three-dimensional, Variable-density Hydrodynamic Model   	5-9
  Toxic Organic Substance Transport and Bioaccumulation Model 0"OXIC)	5-10
  TOXIWASP See: Chemical and Stream Quality
  Transient One-dimensional Degradation And Migration Model (TODAM) .                         5-10
  VALLEY	'.!'.'.'.".'.!".'.'.'! 5-4
  Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASPS)	 .5 11
  Water Quality Assessment Methodology (WQAM)	    5-11
  Water Quality Modeling System for the Great Lakes (WQMSGL)	  . .5-11
Epidemiologic Data	2-4
Epidemiological Studies (EPID)  	                                        4_2
ESTAN  	.".'.'.'.::::::::: ;5-i8
Estuary and Stream Quality Model (WASTOX)	5-17
Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS)	'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 5-7
Exposure Assessment  	    2-10
Exposure Assessment Models	5_14
Exposure Route, Magnitude, and Duration	'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .2-13
Files of Exposure Assessments for Existing Chemicals  	                          4.3
Finite Element Model of Waste (FEMWASTE)	'  ' '5.19
Finite Element Transport Model (FETRA)	 5-17
Gamma Multihit Model	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.''' 5-20
Gastro-lntestinal Effects Literature	 4-3
General References to Publications	    	7.9
Geoecology Data Base (SAS Format)	...........]....... . . 4-8
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory Library  	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .3-51
Hazard Characterization	   	2.4
Hazard Identification	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.	2-2
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)	          	-3 OR
HAZARDLINE	'.'.'.  I '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.''' 's-28
Headquarters	'.'.'.'.'.'.	8-5
Headquarters Law Library	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.	3-51
Headquarters Main Library	 ^3-51
Headquarters Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Library                                  ^ 
-------
Leachate Plume Migration Model (LPMM)   	5-19
LEXIS
Log P Database
Logit Model
Love Canal and Data Handling System (See: CANAL)
Low-dose Extrapolation
Low-level Radioactive Waste Environmental Transport
  and Risk Assessment Code (PRESTO-EPA)
Manuals	•
Master Water Data Index (MWDI)
Maximum Individual Dose Model (MAXDOSE)	5-15
MEDUNE  	
Metals Exposure Analysis Modeling System (MEXAMS)	5 8
Michigan River Model (MICHRIV)  	•  • •  5'8
MINTEQ	5"8' 5"12
Mixing Height Studies  	4;3
Mixture and Systemic Toxicant Risk Model (MSRM)	°-i°
Multimedia Models	'	°-ie
Multistage Model	j>-j"
Narragansett Environmental Research Laboratory Library	<*-°*
National Enforcement Investigation Center Library	3 52
National Environmental Data Referral Service (NEDRES)   	3-30
National Groundwater Information Center Data Base (NGWIC)	3-31
National Human Milk Monitoring Program (NHMP)  	4-4
National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES)	3'3]
National Occupational Hazard Survey (NOHS)	3-31
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS)   	3-32
National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN), Geological Survey  	4-8
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)	3-32
NEX1S	3'32
NIOSHTIC	3'33
Non-carcinogens  	2'}°
  EPA Data Bases (See: Section  3.1)   	2 16
    CECATS   	2'16
    DEEP	2'16
    EPACASR  	2-16
    General Radiation Health Impact Evaluation	2-1°
    Gl	2'16
    GTDMIS   	2-16
    HEOX	2'16
    IRIS	2-16
    Neurotoxicity Data	Z"1D
    OHM-TADS	2'16
    PERMDATA	2"16
    PDAS	2'16
    PHRED	2-16
    RAD	2'16
    SPHERE  	2'16
    STARA   	2'16
    WBC  	2'16
   Non-EPA Data Bases (See: Section 3.2)   	2~16
     B1OSIS	2'16
     CESARS  	2-16
     CCRIS   	2'16
     Chemical Exposure  	2'16
     Chemical Exposure: Chemicals in Human Tissues and Fluids  	2-16
                                             Index-6

-------
    Clearinghouse on Health Indexes . .                                                  0 ic
    CTCP	,	2- °
    EMIC	:::::::::::::;;•"•	2-7
    Environmental Fate Data Bases  ....                                 	0 <-?
    ETIC  	::;:::;:;:"•"*	2 }77
    HAZARDLINE  	                          '	*	' 'f ]'
    MEDLINE		' J'
    NIOSHTIC  		 ' '  ' • 	*"];
    NOES	'.'.'.'.'.'/.'.'.'.'.	•"	f}7
    NOHS	;	:::::;::'	' • • ^
    NPIRS   	                         	; ;
    ocis	:;:;:::;;	.2- ?
    OHS-MSDS	                                   ' '  ' "	r".1'
    PASCAL	'.;]*.;;;	••--•-•	.2-7
    BTECS   	„	 '.'....'..'.'.'.'"	2 17
   Toxicology Data Bank	                                       '	0 17
   TOXLINE	....'.'.'.'.'.	"	2 17
 EPA Data Files and Tapes (See: Section 4.1) , .	 -w
   Potential Substantial Risks  	                   	'  ' " "	' '  ' '„'
Non-EPA Data Bases	            	' '  '	f"J'
   ACS Journals Online		t~. '
   AGRICOLA		IT ;
   Air/Water Pollution Report ....	' '	'• '  ' "t]l
   AQUALINE	  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.	3 Jo
   Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) ......      	3 18
   Biosciences Information Service (BiOSIS)  ....	       ? ia
   Cancer Literature (CANCERLIT; formerly CANCERLINE)  '.'.'.'.''	3 Jo
   Carcinogenesis Bioassay Data System (CBDS)	O'^Q
   CAS ONLINE (also known as CA SEARCH)	' '	'	|"]q
   Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI)	  .	3 20
   Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System (CCRIS)    	3 2n
   Chemical Evaluation Search And  Retrieval System (CESARS)         •-•••-	, ..- u
   Chemical Exposure	,	..,.,.....'	' ' '	3"on
   Chemical Exposure; Chemicals in Human Tissues and Fluids	-son
   Chemical Information System (CIS)  	        '      • - - - -	, . .0-^1
   Chemical  Regulations and Guidelines System (CRGS)	't?}
   Chemical  Regulation Reporter  	                  >-.....,,... . .._._. .^
   CHEMLAW	                     ' "	.-,...,		, ,3-22
   CHEMLINE	                	'	- - - • -^ .,--..,.	,3-22

   CHEMSEARCH	'.'.'/.'.'.'.'."'"''"''''''''"'	J22
   Chem Singly Indexed Substances (CHEMSIS)  . .     	..,--....,,.	, ,3-23
   CHEMTRAN  ....	3-23

   CHEMZERO  	,....'.'.'!.'"'".'	'	' ' '  '
   Clearinghouse on .Health Indexes	..'.......	 ••••••••••	,  . ,3-23
   Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products (CTCP)   	'	' 't?*
   Compliance Alert: Federal Register Digest		« ,?
   Compliance Management Report  .	^"^
   DARC		 .3-25
   DMS	:;:	• •	- -	• •  • -3-^
   Dortmund VLE Data Bank ...        ' '	'	' *	 '  ' '  ' -?'?5
   EMBASE  	            . . - - -	,	 	,......,, .3-25

   ENVIROLINE	"..'.'.'.'.'/.'.'.'.	3"26
   Environment Reporter ...,.....'.'.'.'.	,..-,...	3-26
   Environmental Bibliography .......	 .3-26
   Environmental Fate Data Bases	• - - -	- ,	3.25

   Environmental Health News ...,,.,	"....„	
                                       """"'"'""	•	3-27
                                      Inclex-7

-------
                                                                                        o OR
  Environmental Mutagen Information Center (EMIC)	2Q
  Environmental Teretoiogy Information Center (ETIC)  	'	3 2g
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)   	3 28
  HAZARDLINE  	3_29
  HEILBRON	3_29
  instructional Resources Information System (IRIS)  	g 2g
  LEXIS	'.  '.3.30
  Log P Database  	                 3.30
  Master Water Data Index (MWDI)	'.'.'.'.'.  .3-30

  National Environmental Data Referral Service (NEDRES) .  . .	^°
  National Groundwater Information Center Data Base (NGWIG)	3_31
  National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES)   	3 31
  National Occupational Hazard Survey (NOHS)  •  • •  •	3.32
  National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS)	3_32
  National Technical Information Service (NTIS)	3 32
  NEXIS	   	3_33

  oSupItfonalHeal'th Services Material' Safety Data Sheet (OHS-MSDSJ	3-33
  OSHA Computerized Information  System (OCIS)  	3 33
  PASCAL  	'3_34
  Pollution Abstracts	3 34
  Population Information Online (POPLINE)  	'3 34

  Registry Nomenclature and Structure Service (RNSS)   .	"
  Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)   	
  Soils Information Retrieval Systems (SIRS)   	
   Structure and Nomenclature Search System (SANSS)  	3 36
  Toxicology Data Bank	3.37
  TOXLINE	3_38
   Waste Management and Resource Recovery  	3 38
   Water Data  Sources Directory (WDSD) .  .  . ••••••	3.38
   Water Data  Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE)  	3_3g
   Water Resources Abstracts	/./r,;,^'	3-39
   Water Resources Scientific Information Centers (WRSIC)	3 3g
   WATERLINE  	3".40
   WATERNET	3.40
   Wetland Values Bibliographic Database  	47
Non-EPA Data  Files and Tapes  	47
  Annual Observation Well  File (AOWF)   	   ?
  Automatic Digital Recorder Tapes (ADR)	
  Basic Well Data for Professional Paper 796   	4 8
  Geoecology Data Base (SAS Format)  	4 8
  Index to Geologic Maps	.• • •	A o
  National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN), Geological Survey	£»
  Mixing Height Studies 	' 4.g
  Stability Array (STAR)  	4_g
  Summary of the Month Co-op Element File   	4 g
  Surface Airways Observations	4_g
  U.S. Soil Temperatures  	• • • • • •  • ;	4 q
  Volatile Organic Chemicals in the Atmosphere: an Assessment of Available Data	- -^
Non-EPA Models   	,'.  ' j  ' •luYnuoAT in	* ia
  Coupled Fluid, Energy and Solute Transport (CFEST) Combined with  UNSAT ID	5-18
  ESTAN   	5_17

                                                                            : '-5-19
                                            Index-8

-------
  Finite Element Transport Model (FETRA)  ...............................      5_17
  Gamma Multihit Model  ................................. ..........   5-20
  Leachate Plume Migration Model (LPMM)  .....................  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'' 5-19
  Logit Model ..................................... '............ .5-20
  Multistage Model  ......................................... ....... 5_2-|
  One-hit Model  ......................................    ......... 5_21
  Probit Model  ....................................              ..... 5_21
  Random Walk Solute Transport Model (RWSTM)   ...... ...... .  . .  . .  . . .  . .  . .  . ' .  .' .' ."5-19
  Sandia Waste Isolation Flow and Transport Model (SWIFT) ................. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 5-20
  Simplified Lake/Stream Analysis (SLSA)   ........................ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ^5-18
  Texas Climatological Model Control (TCM) .....                                ........ K-\K
  WASTOX   ..........................  .".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.''.".'.'.'.'.'.'. '.  '.'. '5-17
  Weibull Model  .........................................   ....... 5_2-j
 Objectives ..........................................   .......... ^
 Occupational Health Services Material Safety Data Sheet (OHS MSDS)  ..... ..... .  . .  . . .     3.33
 Office of Emergency and Remedial Response  .........................  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 8-5
 Office of Information Resources Risk Management Bulletin Board  ................  '.'.'.'.'.'. 8-6
 Office of Pesticide and Toxic Substances   .............................. . .      8-5
 Office of Radiation Programs  ....................................  " ..... 8.6
 Office of Research and Development  ...  ................................      8-5
 Office of Waste Programs Enforcement  .............................. '.'.'.'.'"' 8-5
 Oil and Hazardous Materials Spill Information Retrieval System (OHM-SIRS)   .... ............ 4.4
 One-hit Model ..........................................       ..... 5.21
 Osha Computerized Information System (OCIS)  ....                         ............ 3 33
 PASCAL  .................................... .... .............. 3.33
 Periodicals   ......................................   ............. 6_8
 Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) ................... '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  ...... 5-12
 Pesticides Analytical Transport Solution (PEST AN) or
  Analytic Transient 1,2,3 Dimensional Model (AT123D)  ..................               5.12
 Physical/Chemical Properties  ......................... [ .............  2-32-11
 Plutonium Air Inhalation Dose (PAID)  ............. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .......... 5-"l5
 Point, Area, Line Source Algorithm (PAL)  ...............  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ........... 5.4
 Point Source  Discharge - Concentration at a Distance (PTDIS) ............... ......... 5.3
 Point Source  Discharge - Maximum Concentration (PTMAX)   ............. ............ 5.3
 Pollution Abstracts  ................................      ............. 3_34
 Population at Risk  .... .................... '.'.'.'. .................... 2]^3
 Population Information Online (POPLINE)  ...... '.'.'.'.','.'.'.'. .................... 3^34
 Potential Substantial Risks  .........                ........................ 4 4
 PRESTO-EPA  ..........................  .' ........................ - ~*
 Probabilistic Dilution Model (PDM)  .  .           .............................. c o
 Probit Model   ...........                     .......................... , °"?
 PROFILE  ..................... '.'.'.'.'.'.'.  ......................... 3~34
 PTMTP  ................................  .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".::::: ........ 5 3
 Publications Related to Dose-Response Assessments  ................ ..... ........ 74
 Publications Related to Exposure Assessment  ...............   ................. 7.5
 Publications Related to Hazard Identification ............. ............  ......... 7-1
 Publications Related to Risk Characterization  ...............  '.'.'.'.'. ............. 7-8
 Radionuclide Dose Rate/Risk (RADRISK)  . .                    ..................... c 1R
 RAM ........                          ............................... b;^
       .............................................               5-4
Random Walk Solute Transport Model (RWSTM)   ....................      ....... 5_19
References and Documentation of Models  ....... ........ '.   .................. 5.22
Region 1 Library  ......................... ..... ................... 3~52
Region I .....................         .......................... a 1 8 4
Region 2 Field Office Library .................... '.'.'.'.'.  ................   3.53
Region 2 Library  ..........                   ........................... o'co
                                          Index-9

-------
Region 3 Library	•  :?
Region III  	8'1
Reglon4 Ubrary	•  _J
ReglonlV	- -  •  • •	**•
Regions Library  	:  • •  • •  -d
RegionV  	**•
Region 6 Library	  -d
Region VI	•	^'
Region 7 Library  	•  -
Region VII	• •  -8-2
Region 8 Ubrary  	•  -3
Region VIII   	•	8'3'
Region 9 Library  	•  • °
Region IX	•	8"3'
Region 10 Ubrary	•	•  f
RegionX  	8'3'
Regional	„
Registry Nomenclature and Structure Service (RNSS)	^
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)	
Regulator and Treatment Zone Model (RITZ)	5
REPRISK	
Research Triangle Park Ubrary  	*
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification Data File	
Risk Characterization
Roberts. KerrUbrary
Route Extrapolation  	^" "
Sandia Waste Isolation Row and Transport Model (SWIFT)	°-^u
Seasonal Soil Compartment Model (SESOIL)   	5-13
Sediment-Contaminant Transport (SERATRA)   	°-^
Short-term Studies (acute/subacute toxicity)	2-6
SImplined Lake/Stream Analysis (SLSA)   	^-IB
Simulated Waste Access to Ground-Water (SWAG)  	°-id
Sludge Program-Health Impacts (SPHI)   	5-16
Soils Information Retrieval Systems (SIRS)	3'3°
Specfflc Citations	'"\
Stability Array (STAR)   	j9
Storage And Retrieval Of Aerometric Data (SAROAD), National Air Data Branch   	4-5
Structure And Nomenclature Search System (SANSS)   	3 36
 Substance Identification  . .,	^"3
 Summary of the Month Co-op Element File   	4'9
 Surface Airways Observations	•  • • 4'=
 Surface Water Fate Models  	5~5< 5'^
 Survey Meter and Historical Dosimetry Data Base (SM/HD)	4-5
Texas Clirnatological Model Control (TCM)	5-16
 Texas Episodic Model (TEM)   	5'4
 Three-dimensional Plumes in Uniform Ground-Water Flow (PLUMEZD)  	5-13
 Three Mile Island Environmental Radiation (TMI RAD)	4-5
 Time-dependent, Three-dimensional Transport Model	59
 Time-dependent, Three-dimensional, Variable-density Hydrodynamic Model	5-9
 Toxic Organic Substance Transport and Bioaccumulation  Model (TOXIC)	5-10
 Toxicity Data  	2-5
 Toxicology Data Bank 	«^°
 TOXIWASP  	5'10
 TOXLINE   	3"37
 Transient One-dimensional Degradation And Migration Model (TODAM)	5-10
                                              Index-10

-------
TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) Chemical Substances Inventory:
 , Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two, Plant Site Information File	4-5
TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
  Production Information File   	4-6
TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
  Preferred Name File and Synonym File .	4-6
TSCA New Chemicals   	4-6
TSCA Section 4 Chemical Bibliographies	4-7
Unsaturated Zone and Groundwater Fate Models	5-12,518
Use of the Directory  	1-2
U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency  	8-5
U.S. Soil Temperatures	4-9
VALLEY	5-4
Waste Management and Resource Recovery	3-38
WASTOX   	5-18
Water Data Sources Directory (WDSD)	3-38
Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE)   	3 38
Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASPS)	511
Water Quality Assessment Methodology (WQAM)	5-11
Water Quality Modeling System for the Great Lakes (WQMSGL)  	5-11
Water Resources Abstracts  	3-39
Water Resources Scientific Information Centers (WRSIC)	3-39
Water Solubility Data	4-7
WATERLINE	3-39
WATERNET	3-40
Weibull Model	5-21
Wetland Values Bibliographic Database	3-40
                                             Index-11
                                                                    U.S.GOVEHNMENTPRINTINGOFF1CE:1987 - 748-121/40714

-------

-------