EPA/540/1-86/061-
(OSWER Directive 9285.6-1)
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND
ASSESSMENT .OFFICE, U.S. EPA
CIMQJNNATJ, OHIO 45268
SUPERFUND RISK ASSESSMENT INFORMATION
DIRECTORY
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
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NOTICE
This Directory provides guidance on sources of information that should prove useful in conducting Su-
perfund related risk assessments. Categories of information sources in the Directory include: data bases;
data files and tapes; environmental and dose-response models; manuals, directories and periodicals; publica-
tions; and human resources.
The Directory supplements the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual and provides a guide to the
various risk assessment information sources that can supplement the primary information sources, site
specific data and professional judgments that are necessary for a successful Superfund risk assessment.
r-o
O
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Superfund Risk Assessment Information Directory identifies and describes sources of information
that should be useful in conducting EPA-related risk assessments. The Directory presents information sour-
ces that fall in the following categories: automated data bases; data files and tapes; models; manuals, direc-
tories and periodicals; publications; and,human resources. Where applicable, the content of individual infor-
mation sources within each of these categories is summarized and related to the major procedural steps in
performing a risk assesssment (i.e., hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment
and risk characterization). Information useful for accessing, obtaining, or locating each of the information
sources is also presented. The overall purpose of the Directory is to facilitate the performance of EPA-re-
lated risk assessments by helping individuals find information that may be needed in order to complete a
successful assessment.
Topics covered by the information sources presented in the Directory are broad in scope, including
physical and chemical properties of chemical substances; epidemiologic, toxicity and pharmacological data;
environmental characteristics; environmental effects of chemical substances; and human health risks caused
by exposure to carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic substances. One particular use of the Risk Assessment
Information Directory will be to identify information sources to assist in performing site-specific public
health evaluations under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act.
Specifically, this Directory will help fill information needs that arise in conducting risk assessments as
spelled out in the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual, EPA's detailed guidance on how to perform
public health evaluations at Superfund sites. Because of its broad scope however, the Directory will also be
helpful in carrying out other Superfund activities - even those not directly related to risk assessment.
The Risk Assessment Information Directory has been developed for use by a diverse audience, includ-
ing EPA regional staff, state Superfund program staff, federal and state remedial contractors, and potentially
responsible parties. Sufficient background information on the risk assessment process and its general infor-
mation requirements is provided so that the Directory can be easily used by individuals with varying degrees
of risk assessment experience. While the Directory identifies information sources that may be used in a risk
assessment, it does not provide the actual risk assessment related information itself. The user of the Direc-
tory is simply referred to other sources of information and places where those sources can be obtained.
Finally, the Directory is not intended to reflect EPA policy on preferred sources of information to be used in
conducting EPA related risk assessments.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVES 1-1
1.2 USE OF THE DIRECTORY 1-2
CHAPTER 2 INFORMATION RESOURCES AND THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
2.1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 2-2
2.1.1 Substance Identification 2-3
2.1.2 Physical/Chemical Properties 2-3
2.1.3 Hazard Characterization 2-4
2.1.4 Comparisons of Molecular Structures 2-7
2.2 DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT
CTOXICOKINETICS AND BIOEFFECTS) 2-8
2.2.1 Low-dose Extrapolation 2-8
2.2.2 Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation 2-9
2.2.3 Duration Extrapolation 2-9
2.2.4 Route Extrapolation 2-10
2.3 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 2-10
2.3.1 Physical/Chemical Properties 2-11
2.3.2 Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics 2-11
2.3.3 Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media 2-12
2.3.4 Population at Risk 2-13
2.3.5 Exposure Route, Magnitude and Duration 2-13
2.4 RISK CHARACTERIZATION 2-14
2.4.1 Environmental Effects 2-14
2.4.2 Human Risk Assessment 2-15
CHAPTER 3 ' DATA BASES
3.1 EPA DATA BASES 3-1
3.2 NON-EPA DATA BASES 3-17
3.3 ADDRESSES OF ONLINE SERVICES AND PRODUCERS 3-40
3.4 ACCESS TO DATA BASES THROUGH EPA LIBRARIES .'., 3 49
CHAPTER 4 DATA FILES AND TAPES
4.1 EPA DATA FILES AND TAPES 4-1
4.2 NON-EPA DATA FILES AND TAPES 4-7
4.3 ADDRESSES FOR DATA FILES AND TAPE CONTACTS 410
LIBRARY, AWBERC, CINCINNATI
v U. S. EPA
26 W. BSARTO LUTHER KING DRIVE
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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CHAPTER 5 MODELS
5.1 EPA MODELS 5'1
5.1.1 Atmospheric Fate Models 5-1
5.1.2 Surface Water Fate Models 5-5
5.1.3 Unsaturated Zone and Groundwater Fate Models 5-12
5.1.4 .Exposure Assessment Models 5-14
5.1.5 Multi-Media Models 5-16
5.2 NON-EPA MODELS 5-16
5.2.1 Atmospheric Fate Models 5-16
5.2.2 Surface Water Fate Models 5-17
5.2.3 Unsaturated Zone and Ground Water Fate Models 5-18
5.2.4 Dose-Response Models 5-20
5.3 REFERENCES AND DOCUMENTATION OF MODELS 5-22
CHAPTER 6 MANUALS, DIRECTORIES, AND PERIODICALS
6.1 MANUALS 6"1
6.2 DIRECTORIES 6'5
6.3 PERIODICALS 6'8
CHAPTER 7 PUBLICATIONS
7.1 SPECIFIC CITATIONS 7"1
7.1.1 Publications Related to Hazard Identification 7-1
7.1.2 Publications Related to Dose-Response Assessment 7-4
7.1.3 Publications Related to Exposure Assessment 7-5
7.1.4 Publications Related to Risk Characterization 7-8
7.2 GENERAL REFERENCES TO PUBLICATIONS 7-9
CHAPTER 8 HUMAN RESOURCES: OFFICES AND PERSONNEL
8.1 REGIONAL 8'1
8.2 HEADQUARTERS 8-5
APPENDICES
A RESOURCES VS. DATA CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES A 1
B RESOURCES VS. ATTRIBUTES B-1
C INFORMATION RESOURCES AND THE SUPERFUND PUBLIC
HEALTH EVALUATION MANUAL C-1
GLOSSARY
SUBJECT INDEX
VI
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LIST OF EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT
TITLE
PAGE
1 -1 ORGANIZATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT
INFORMATION'DIRECTORY 1-3
1-2 USE OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT INFORMATION DIRECTORY 1-5
2-1 INFORMATION ELEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE
EPA RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS 2-2
A-1 INFORMATION MATRIX
NON-BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA SUBCATEGORIES A-6
A-2 INFORMATION MATRIX
NON-BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA SUBCATEGORIES A-7
A-3 INFORMATION MATRIX
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA CATEGORIES A-8
A-4 INFORMATION MATRIX
MANUAL SOURCES VS. DATA CATEGORIES A-9
B-1 INFORMATION MATRIX
EPA DATABASE SYSTEMS ATTRIBUTES B-5
B-2 INFORMATION MATRIX
NON-EPA DATABASE SYSTEMS ATTRIBUTES B-6
B-3 INFORMATION MATRIX
DATA BASE SEARCH ATTRIBUTES B-7
C-1 STEPS INVOLVED IN THE SUPERFUND
PUBLIC HEALTH EVALUATION PROCESS C-2
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thfs document was prepared by-EPA's Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR). Drr Craig
Zamuda of OERR's Policy Analysis Staff was the EPA Project Officer.
The efforts of several additional major contributors were instrumental in the development of this Direc-
tory, Including:
OERR
Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation (OPPE)
OERR - .
Office of Research and Development (ORD)
ORD
ORD
ORD
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS)
OTS
OTS
Office of Information Resources Management (OIRM)
OIRM
OIRM
Office of Policy, Budget and Program Management
Office of Solid Waste
OPA
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
OTS
Region IV
Edison Environmental Research Laboratory
James Lounsbury
Staccy Katz
Steve Golian
Chuck Nauman
Linda Bailey
Wai Lavilie
John Koutsandreas
Steve Hoover
Dave Mayer
Paul Fuschini
Josclle Gatrelle
Loretta Marzetti
Rick Johnson
Peg Hall
Michael Gruber
Deborah Martin
Jack Keeley
Frank Kover
Susan Deihl
Hugh Masters
Arnie Edelman
Michael Shapiro
Martin Halper
Linda Travers
Laurence Rosenstein
David Dull
Peter Preuss
OTS
OTS
OTS
OTS
OTS
OTS
ORD
viii
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Penny Fenner-Crisp Office of Drinking Water
Edward Klein
Jay Benforado,
Brint Bbder
Bill Lappenbush:
Louis P. True
OTS
ORD
CH2M Hill
CH2M Hill
Office of Pesticide Programs
ICF Incorporated assisted OERR in development of this document, in partial fulfillment of Contract No
68-01-7090. The ICF effort was directed by Mr. Jeff Goodman and Dr. Mike Lowe. Other ICP staff who con-
tributed to the development of this document include Steve Wyngarden, Mark Fraga, and Robin Durst.
The final graphics and the camera-ready copy was prepared by Ebon Research Systems, 820 Quincv
St.N.W., Washington D.C. 20011.
ix
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVES
This Directory provides guidance on sources of information that should prove useful in conducting EPA-
related risk assessments. Categories of information sources in the Directory include: data bases; data files
and tapes; environmental and dose-response models; manuals, directories and periodicals; publications; and
human resources. The Directory's overall approach is to identify information categories related to each
major element of risk assessment, to list key information sources appropriate for each category, and to
describe major features of each information source.
The principal elements of risk assessment i.e., hazard identification, dose-response assessment, ex-
posure assessment, and risk characterization, are drawn directly from EPA's risk assessment guidelines.1
The guidelines are based in part on recommendations developed by the National Academy of Sciences.2
Both EPA and the National Academy draw important distinctions between risk assessment and risk manage-
ment. Risk assessment involves characterizing problems - their nature, severity and probability of occur-
rence. By contrast, risk management is the process of deciding what to do about those problems. This
Directory identifies information sources for assessing risks, not for managing them.
Risk assessment is growing in importance as a tool to aid in decision-making at EPA. Virtually every en-
vironmental statute the Agency implements can employ risk assessment techniques to assist regulatory and
response programs. This Risk Assessment Information Directory is intended to assist in the broad range
of risk assessments with which EPA may be involved.
Risk assessment activities are important in various parts of Superfund related activities, including both
the removal and remedial programs. Being able to quantify possible human risks at Superfund sites is an im-
portant component of the risk management decision making process, when considering removal or remedial
actions, to protect populations at risk. The Risk Assessment information Directory could be helpful in
quantifying such risks, as well as being useful in evaluating possible adverse environmental effects at Super-
fund sites. In addition, portions of this Directory may be helpful to Superfund activities not directly related
to risk assessment. For example, information on physical/chemical properties of hazardous substances
could prove useful in identifying appropriate treatment technologies for remedial response alternatives or in
performing natural resource damage assessments.
One particular Superfund-related use of the Risk Assessment Information Directory will be to identify
information sources to assist in performing site-specific public health evaluations under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). Publie health evaluation is an impor-
tant component of the Superfund remedial process. In particular, the evaluation is important in both the
remedial investigation (Rl) and feasibility study (FS) phases of cleanup at remedial sites. EPA has
developed several guidance documents to support the Superfund public health evaluation process Chapter
5 of EPA's Guidance on Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA describes what the public health evaluation
process is. By contrast, the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual provides detailed guidance on how
to conduct the evaluation.
1 51 Federal Register 33492-34003 and 51 Federal Register 34014-34025.
National Academy of Sciences, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government. National Academy Press. 1984.
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To supplement these guidance documents, there are two primary information sources for conducting Su-
perfund public health evaluations. Appendices to the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual provide
toxlclty and physical/chemical properties data for the hazardous substances most likely to be found at Super-
fund sites. These data have been assembled into a personal computer software package named the Public
Health Risk Evaluation Data Base (PHRED). A companion document to the public health evaluation manual,
the Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual, provides detailed information for evaluating: the type and ex-
tent of contaminant release from a site to environmental media; the environmental transport and transforma-
tion of contaminants following their release; and the concentration of contaminants at human exposure
points. This Manual provides an overall framework for conducting the exposure assessment portion of a
public health evaluation and presents state-of-the art methods for conducting the various component
analyses that comprise an exposure assessment.
Although the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual and its two primary information sources should
be sufficient to conduct risk assessments at many sites, there will be instances where additional information
sources may be necessary to complete the evaluation process. In such instances the Risk Assessment In-
formation Directory provides a guide to the various risk assessment information sources that can supple-
ment the primary information sources, site-specific data and professional judgment that are necessary for a
successful public health evaluation.
1.2 USE OF THE DIRECTORY
The Directory is organized into ten chapters and three appendices. Chapter 2 develops a conceptual
flow chart for conducting risk assessments and identifies information categories related to each major risk
assessment element. It further identifies which information sources are related to each category. Chapters
3-8 provide descriptive information on the six categories of information sources in the Directory: data
bases; data files and tapes; models; manuals, directories and periodicals; publications; and human resour-
ces. Chapters for the first three categories - data bases, data files and tapes, and models - are divided into
sections describing EPA developed information/resources and other information/resources. The glossary
has terms and acronyms in typical usage in the field of risk assessment and to the Directory. Appendix A
provides more detailed information about the types of information found in each data base by categories or
subcategories, and Appendix B provides information about the data bases that makes it easier to access or
use them. Finally, Appendix C is a more specific version of Chapter 2 which has been tailored for the perfor-
mance of risk assessments under the Superfund public health evaluation process.
Exhibit 1-1 arrays by chapter and describes the types of information sources contained in the Directory.
In general the information sources can be divided into two types. The first type includes data bases, files
and tapes, and models. These sources of information typically contain highly detailed and chemical specific
data. Much of the available information from these sources is automated, i.e. accessible by computer. In
particular, many of the environmental models are computer-based. Therefore this type of information source
would most likely be used to respond to highly specific information needs.
The second type of information source includes manuals, directories, periodicals, publications, and
human resources. While perhaps more varied in nature than the first type of information source, the second
type of information source is best suited for cases involving less specific or less structured information re-
quests. To obtain information of a more general nature, for example, it may be most appropriate to consult
a guidance manual. An individual would likely be contacted to help solve a problem or identify additional in-
formation sources.
To use the Directory a user would first decide whether ms/ner information need could be met by either
the first or second type of information source described above. If the information need were highly specific
and/or related to chemical-specific data, i.e. answerable by the first type of information source, the user
would follow a two-step procedure. First, he/she would consult Chapter 2 to determine the information
category where his/her information need could be satisfied. These categories are summarized in
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, Exhibit 2-1. Once a category (or categories) was identified, the user would refer to the remainder of
Chapter 2 to learn which specific data bases, data files and tapes, and environmental models relate to the ap-
propriate information category.
The second step would be to refer to later chapters that contain descriptions of specific information sour-
ces. Chapters 3 and 4 describe individual data bases and data files and tapes, respectively. Each of these
chapters has a heading for EPA information sources (e.g. data bases) and non-EPA information sources.
Underneath each heading, specific sources are listed and described alphabetically. In addition to these brief
descriptions, Appendices A and B contain summaries of specific data categories and system attributes to
help the user select among specific sources. Chapter 5 describes environmental models and is organized
into sections on EPA and non EPA models.
If a user's information need were more general, i.e. answerable by the second type of information
source, he/she would immediately consult Chapter 6, 7, or 8 respectively. Chapter 6 lists manuals, direc-
tories, and periodicals, each alphabetically. Chapter 7 lists specifically-cited publications organized by the
four major risk assessment categories: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assess-
ment, and risk characterization; Chapter 7 also presents generically referenced publications (i.e., families of
related documents). Chapter 8 provides the names of regional and headquarters EPA staff who can assist
EXHIBIT 1-1
ORGANIZATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT INFORMATION
DIRECTORY
TYPE OF
INFORMATION
RESOURCE
Data Bases, Files
and Tapes
Models
Manuals,
Directories, and
Periodicals
Publications
Human Resources
RELEVANT
CHAPTER(S)
2, 3, 4, and
Appendices A & B*
DESCRIPTION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES AS
CONTAINED IN THE DIRECTORY
Banks of data segregated into specific categories under
hazard identification, dose response, exposure
assessment, and risk characterization
Computerized and desktop models related to exposure
and dose-response assessment
Guidance manuals, instruction handbooks, information
directories, and periodic publications (e.g., newsletters)
related to the overall risk assessment process
General literature references segregated into
publications useful for hazard identification,
dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk
characterization
EPA headquarters and regional personnel designated as
contact points for risk assessment issues
* Refer to Exhibit 1-2 for a flow diagram showing how Chapters 2, 3, and 4, and Appendices A and B are related.
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wtth risk assessment information. The organization of the Directory is summarized in Exhibit 1-1 which lists
the types of Information that can be found in the various chapters. Exhibit 1-2 is a flow chart that illustrates
how the various chapters of the Directory might be used in searching for specific information.
Suppose for example a user wanted to find out more information about a contaminant that he/she knew
very little about. A search for information would probably begin in Chapter 2 of the Directory. It might be
necessary to better identify the hazardous substance by going to the appropriate heading (2.1 HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION; 2.1.1 Substance Identification). Under that subcategory the user would find the various
data bases (listed as EPA or non-EPA) and data files and tapes that traditionally contain releyant information
(Chemical Abstract System [CAS] numbers; synonyms; etc.). If the user was unfamiliar with the listed infor-
mation sources, it would then be appropriate to go to Chapter 3 of the Directory to review short descrip-
tions of the sources, or to Appendices A or B of the Directory for more information about the actual con-
tents of the sources or about the characteristics of the sources themselves, respectively. In this manner, first
Identifying a potential information source in the appropriate subcategory of Chapter 2 and then characteriz-
ing that source in the subsequent chapters or appendices, a user would be able to gather the information re-
quired for making a decision about which specific source or sources would be most helpful in conducting a
risk assessment.
In actuality, it will not always be necessary for a user of the Risk Assessment Information Directory to
go stepwise through the entire Directory. Someone familiar with the layout of the Directory should be able
to go directly to those information categories of interest in order to find relevant sources.
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EXHIBIT 1-2
USE OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT
INFORMATION DIRECTORY
IDENTIFY
INFORMATION
NEED
CHAPTER 8:
MANUALS,
DIRECTORIES &
PERIODICALS
CHAPTER 7:
PUBLICATIONS
CHAPTER 8:
HUMAN
RESOURCES
NO
DOES
INFORMATION
NEED REQUIRE
DETAILED AND/OR
CHEMICAL-
SPECIFIC
DATA
CONSULT CH. 2
TO IDENTIFY
SPECIFIC RESOURCES
BY CATEGORY
REFER TO
LATER CHAPTERS
AND APPENDICES
FOR DESCRIPTIONS
CHAPTER 3:
DATA BASES
CHAPTER 4:
DATA FILES
AND TAPES
CHAPTER 5:
MODELS
APPENDICES A & B
INFORMATION
MATRICES
SELECT
SPECIFIC SOURCE
APPROPRIATE
TO NEED
1-5
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CHAPTER 2
INFORMATION RESOURCES AND THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
The information sources useful for any risk assessment are dictated by the nature of the particular task
or question being addressed. There are many different types of risk assessment activities either ongoing or
under development, and they often require process or site-specific data unique to the effort Consequently
in order to create a manageable Directory of sources, it is necessary to define the type of risk assessment
activities the Directory is targeted toward.
EPA has functionally adopted the risk assessment strategy and terminology set out in a recent review of
nsk assessment activities in the federal government (National Academy of Sciences [NAS] 1984) 3 As set
out in the NAS committee's recommendations, the procedural steps required to describe the risks as-
sociated with a chemical hazard include the following:
Hazard Identification
Dose-Response Assessment
Exposure Assessment
Risk Characterization
This chapter of the Directory summarizes the available information resources that might be of use in per-
forming these tasks. Exhibit 2-1 is an outline of the EPA-adopted steps in risk assessment and identifies by
subheadings, potential information required for each step. For each of the subheadings of information re-
quirements, there is a descriptive statement about the purpose and type of information needed followed by
a listing of the major relevant data bases and data files and tapes. Chapters 3 and 4 of the Directory can
then be used to characterize more fully, and gain access to, particular information resources. It should be
emphasized that the steps of a risk assessment as outlined in Exhibit 2-1 do not necessarily always take
place or follow in the diagrammed order. For example, it might be necessary to perform the exposure as-
sessment prior to the dose-response assessment in order to determine if any potential hazard exists for a
population of concern. If it is unlikely that such a hazard exists because the population of concern would
not be exposed, then there would be no need to perform the dose response assessment.
In addition to the lists of resources in this Chapter, further information can be obtained from models-
manuals, directories, and periodicals; publications; and human resources which are listed and described in
Chapters 5 through 8 of the Directory.
National Academy of Sciences, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government. National Academy Press. 1984.
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EXHIBIT 2-1
INFORMATION ELEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EPA RISK ASSESSMENT
PROCESS
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
DOSE-RESPONSE
ASSESSMENT1
Substance Identification
Physical/Chemical
Properties
Hazard Characterization
H Epidemlologic Data
H Toxlclty Data
- Animal Bloassay Data
(Chronic Toxicity)
- Short Term Studies
(Acute/Subacute
Toxicity)
Comparision of Molecular
Structures
Pharmacological Data
n Low-Dose Extrapolation
H Animal-to-Human Dose
Extrapolation
H Duration Extrapolation
H Route Extrapolation
EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENT
RISK
CHARACTERIZATION
Physical/Chemical
Properties
Environmental
Characteristics
Chemical Concentrations
in Environmental Media
H Partitioning
H Transport/transformation
Population at Risk
Exposure
H Route
H Magnitude
H Duration
Environmental Effects
» Aquatic
H Terrestrial
Human Risk Assessment
H Carcinogens
H Noncarcinogens
1The order of Dose-Response Assessment and Exposure Assessment may be in reverse of that shown.
2.1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazard Identification is the first of four major steps in performing a risk characterization under the cur-
rent EPA supported guidelines. As such, hazard identification is primarily directed towards establishing what
the human health hazards are with respect to a specific chemical. In order to estimate the hazards, four
types of Information are commonly used:
Substance Identification
Physical/Chemical Properties
Hazard Characterization
* Comparisons of Molecular Structures
These types of approaches are listed below as subcategories with various relevant information resources.
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2.1.1 Substance Identification
The information resources listed below are useful in identifying a chemical substance. Data items that
rnay be obtained from these sources include such identifiers as CA Index name, CAS Registry number,
synonyms, molecular formulas, chemical descriptions/compositions, and chemical production data.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CHEMD
CICIS
GI
OHM-TADS
ORALTOX
TSCA INITIAL INVENTORY
TSCA PLUS
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
ACS JOURNALS ONLINE
CA SEARCH
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICAL IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
CHEMLINE
CHEMSEARCH .
CHEMSIS
CHEMZERO
CRGS
DARC
-ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HAZARDLINE
HEILBRON
LOG P DATABASE
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
RNSS
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see section 4.1)
TSCA PREFERRED NAME FILE AND SYNONYM FILE
2.1.2 Physical/Chemical Properties
The data bases listed under this heading are useful sources of information for physical/chemical proper-
ties, which may be needed to identify the hazards of a contaminant. f
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CHEMD
GEMS
OHM-TADS
PDMS
PHRED
SPHERE
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TSDF
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
CA SEARCH
CASSI
CESARS
CHEMLINE
CHEMTRAN
as
DORTMUND VLB DATA BANK
* ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HAZARDLINE
HEILBRON
LOG P DATABASE
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
RNSS
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
WATER SOLUBILITY DATA
2.1.3 Hazard Characterization
One may characterize the expected health hazards associated with exposure to a contaminant based on
analysis of previously collected epidemiologic and toxicity data.
Epidemiologic Data
Epidemiologic data include information on the exposure and toxic responses of human and/or animal
populations to chemical substances. They may include information on the frequency and geographic dis-
tribution of an observed health effect within a population. The following are data bases, files, and tapes that
are useful sources of epidemiologic data.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CECATS
CSDCLEANS
CRIB
EPACASR
GI
HEOX
OHM-TADS
SPHERE DERMAL ABSORPTION DATA BANK
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
CESARS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CTCP
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HAZARDLINE
NOHS
NOES
OQS
OHS-MSDS
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Kracs
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
' TOXLINE RPROJ
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
EPID
FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS
Toxicity Data
Toxicity data include information on the response of an organism to a dose of a chemical substance
through various routes of exposure. Such data may be for chronic toxicity or acute/subacute toxicity.
Animal-Bioassay Data (Chronic Toxicity)
Chronic toxicity data pertain to the response of an organism to repeated, long-term exposure to a con-
taminant. The length of exposure and time for response may vary with the particular organism involved.
The following are information resources for chronic toxicity or animal bioassay data.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
CECATS
CRIB
EEFIS
EPACASR
GI
GTDMIS
IRIS
OHM-TADS
ORALTOX
PDMS
RAD
SPHERE
STARA
WBC
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
AGRICOLA
AQUALINE
ASFA
BIOSIS
CBDS
CESARS
CCRIS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUE AND FLUIDS
CTCP
ENVIROLINE
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES BIOLOG
HSDB
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
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NIOSHTIC
NPIRS
NTIS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
PROFILE
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
* TOXLINE / KEEP / CB AC / RPRO J / TD3
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
CASTRO-INTESTINAL EFFECTS LITERATURE
ITC CHEMICAL SCORES
TSCA NEW CHEMICALS
TSCA SECTION 4 - CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Short-term Studies (Acute/Subacute Toxicity)
Acute/subacute toxicity refers to the immediate or short term toxicological response of an organism to
either a single dose or relatively few doses of a chemical substance. Useful information resources for these
types of data include the following:
EPA
*
Non
Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
ACUTE HAZARDS DATA
AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
CECATS
CSDCLEANS
DEEP
EEFIS
EPACASR
GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
GI
HEOX
IRIS
NEUROTOXICITY DATA
OHM-TADS
ORALTOX
PDMS
PDAS
RAD
SPHERE
STARA
i-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
ASFA
BIOSIS
CESARS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
CHEMLINE
as
CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
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EPA
crcp
ENVIROLINE
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HSDB
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
PROFILE
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE / KEEP / CBAC / TOXICOLOGY BIBLIOGRAPHY / TD3
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
ETHOX
FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS
CASTRO-INTESTINAL EFFECTS LITERATURE
ETC CHEMICALS SCORES
TSCA NEW CHEMICALS
TSCA SECTION 4 CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES
2.1.4 Comparisons of Molecular Structures
The potential hazards associated with a given chemical substance may be identified by evaluating the
hazards of other substances with similar molecular structures or similar components (functional groups) of
molecular structures. Data bases that contain information to assist in comparing molecular structures be-
tween different chemical substances include the following.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CHEMD
OHM-TADS
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
ACS JOURNALS ONLINE
CA SEARCH
CASSI
CESARS
CHEMLINE
CHEMSEARCH
CHEMSIS
CHEMTRAN
CHEMZERO
DARC
DATA LOG CHEMFATE
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HAZARDLINE
HEILBRON
LOG P DATABASE
RNSS
SANSS
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2.2 DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT (TOXICOKINETICS AND BIOEFFECTS)
Many factors must be taken into consideration when evaluating dose-response data for use in risk as-
sessments. In the minority of toxic chemicals that will be encountered, epidemiologic data may make it pos-
sible to predict dose-responses based upon knowledge of exposures and health effects in humans. Various
factors, Including age, illness, genetic variability, etc., combine to make such estimations complex, but less
uncertain than estimations of human responses to specific exposure levels based solely upon animal experi-
ments.
The four primary dose-response tasks related to risk assessments are the following:
Low-Dose Extrapolation
Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation
Duration Extrapolation
Route Extrapolation
Animal experimental data may be the only biological information available about the toxic effects of a
chemical. Extrapolations of such data must be used to predict human responses, usually without sufficient
knowledge of species differences. Consequently, various adjustments are made for size differences, or to ac-
count for differences in metabolic rates. In addition, extrapolations of dose-response relationships may be re-
quired, even when human experimental data are available, to account for differences in dose levels, periods
of exposure, and routes of exposure for the test individual(s) and those expected for other individuals. The
types of information resources available to help make these extrapolations as scientific as possible are listed
below In each category
2.2.1 Low-dose Extrapolation
Low-dose extrapolation involves estimating the human response to a given chemical dose based upon
observed human responses at higher dose levels. Such extrapolations may require considerable adjustment
to account for the differences between humans at an exposure point and the human(s) for which such "high-
dose" data are available. Data bases that may be useful in performing high to low-dose extrapolations are
listed below.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CRIB
* EERF
GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
GTDMIS
ORALTOX
PDMS
SPHERE
STARA
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
CBDS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
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TAAZAKDLKSTB
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
2.2.2 Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation
Human responses to a chemical dose may be estimated from non human experimental data, taking into
account differences in size, metabolic rates, and other factors. The following are data bases that contain
animal experimental data, as well as information useful in extrapolating those data to human dose response
relationships.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
GTDMIS
ORALTOX
SPHERE
STARA
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
ASFA
CBDS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
2.2.3 Duration Extrapolation
Dose-response studies covering relatively short periods are frequently inadequate for evaluating chronic
exposures. Therefore, longer term dose-response or dose-severity relationships must be inferred from sub-
chronic and shorter term studies. Data bases that may be useful in carrying out such a "duration extrapola-
tion" are listed below.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CSDCLEANS
DEEP
GTDMIS
IRIS
NEUROTOXICITY DATA
ORALTOX
PDAS
RAD
SPHERE
STARA
TSCATS
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Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
* CBDS
CCRIS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMLINE
RTECS
TOXUNE
2.2.4 Route Extrapolation
There may be instances when an investigator desires dose response information for a given route of ex-
posure, but only has available information pertaining to a different route of exposure. For these cases, if suf-
ficient data are available, response data can be extrapolated across different routes of exposure. The follow-
ing data bases contain dose-response data for various exposure routes, which may facilitate making route
extrapolations:
EPA
Non-
Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
INHALATION LITERATURE
IRIS
NEUROTOXICrTY DATA
ORALTOX
RAD
SPHERE
TSCATS
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
CBDS
CCRIS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMLINE
HAZARDLINE
RTECS
TOXLINE
2.3 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
The primary purpose of an exposure assessment is to estimate the actual concentration of a chemical to
which humans might be exposed. Occasionally, there may be analytical data on exposure levels at human
receptors, but more typically the exposure must be estimated based upon reported chemical concentrations
In the environmental media of concern.
The following subcategories list types of information and data which can be used to make exposure as-
sessments when chemical concentration data are incomplete:
Physical/Chemical Properties
Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics
Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
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Population at Risk
Exposure Route, Magnitude, and Duration
Information resources that are useful
categories.
in performing exposure assessments are listed below by sub-
2.3.1 Physical/Chemical Properties
The data bases listed below are useful sources of information for physical/chemical properties which
may be needed to determine the environmental fate and transport of a contaminant.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CHEMD
GEMS
OHM-TADS
PDMS
PHRED
SPHERE
TSDF
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
CASEARCH
CASSI
CESARS
CHEMLINE
CHEMTRAN
CIS
DORTMUND VLB DATA BANK
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HAZARDLINE
HEILBRON
LOG P DATABASE
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
RNSS
2.3.2 Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics
These characteristics refer to features of a chemical (e.g., partition coefficients, retardation factors, bioac-
cumulation factors, and degradation rates) and to the transport mechanisms in effect as a chemical migrates
through various environmental media. See chapter 5 of this Directory for a listing of environmental fate and
transport models. The documentation to such models frequently contains substantial data bases of environ-
mental fate and transport information.
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2.3.3 Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
Chemical concentrations in environmental media are important in two different respects. First, con-
centrations at exposure points must be determined in order to estimate human health risks and environmen-
tal effects. Second, chemical concentrations in environmental media are important factors affecting the
transport of a constituent to an exposure point. The following are information resources that contain data on
chemical concentrations in the ambient environment, quality data for waste streams released to the environ-
ment, and observations of various environmental characteristics that may impact a chemical's concentration
(e.g., stream flow rates and atmospheric dispersion data).
EPA
Non-
EPA
Non
Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
EERF
ERFD
GEMS
MICROBIOLOGICAL DATA
PDMS
STORET
TSDF
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
DMS
MWDI
NEDRES
NGWIC
NPIRS
SIRS
WATERLINE
WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
WATSTORE
WDSD
WRSIC
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
CHAMP
CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
EPID
SAROAD
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
ADR
AOWF
BASIC WELL DATA FOR PROFESSIONAL PAPER 796
GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
MIXING HEIGHT STUDIES
NASQAN
STABILITY ARRAY
SUMMARY OF THE MONTHLY CO-OP ELEMENT FILE
SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS U.S. SOIL TEMPERATURES
VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN THE ATMOSPHERE: AN ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE DATA
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2.3.4 Population at Risk
The information resources listed in this section are useful in identifying the location, and other charac-
teristics of a human population within a given area. Information included in these data bases include such
items as census results, land and water use data, and human health monitoring data for a particular popula-
tion. These data are helpful in determining the population that may be exposed to a contaminant released in
the environment.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
EERF
ERFD
GEMS
GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
PERMDATA
RAD
WBC
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
POPLINE
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
EPID
RESOURCE CONSERVATION RECOVERY ACT NOTIFICATION DATA FILE
SM/HD
Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
2.3.5 Exposure Route, Magnitude and Duration
An exposure route is the mode by which humans or environmental entities are exposed to a chemical
substance. For example, human and animal exposure routes include inhalation, ingestion, and direct (der-
mal) contact. The magnitude of exposure reflects the amount of chemical intake or extent of direct contact
by an organism. Exposure magnitudes are dependent on the length of time, or duration, that an organism
takes in or remains in contact with a substance. Parameters useful in assessing exposure routes, mag-
nitudes, and durations include dermal absorption data; oral intake data; toxicological data in dose duration
terms; and experimental and real-life bioassay data involving known exposure routes and durations. These
types of data are available through the following information resources.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CRIB
GI
GTDMIS
INHALATION LITERATURE
NATIONAL HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE DATA
OHM-TADS
ORALTOX
PDMS
SPHERE
STARA
WBC
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Non-
EPA
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
BIOSIS
CUDS
CESARS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
CIS
CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
CTCP
EMBASE
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NGWIC
NIOSHTTC
NPIRS
PASCAL
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
NHMP
2.4 RISK CHARACTERIZATION
Tha risk characterization estimates the health risks to hurnans and/or the environment at chemical con-
centration levels determined in the exposure assessment. As such, the risk characterization often relies
upon various assumptions made in the exposure assessment, upon estimations made in the dose-response
assessment, and upon conclusions reached in the hazard identification procedures. The risk characteriza-
tion should address all types of risks including:
Environmental Effects (aquatic and terrestrial)
Human Risk Assessment (carcinogens and non carcinogens)
Models of risk characterization and references to standards used in making risk characterizations are
listed below within subcategories.
2.4.1 Environmental Effects
Environmental effects include changes in aquatic and terrestrial natural resources brought about by ex-
posure to chemical substances. Knowledge of such effects may be important in analyzing chemical migra-
tion pathways and potential human exposures; however, knowledge of environmental effects is also impor-
tant in analyzing the non-human risks of a chemical release. Information that can be found in the following
data bases includes data on natural resource injuries caused by exposure to chemicals.
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EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
EEFIS
OHM-TADS
ORALTOX
PDMS
STORET
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
AQUALINE
ASFA
BIOSIS
CBDS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
NIH/EPA CIS
NPIRS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS DATA
Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
2.4.2 Human Risk Assessment
Toxic effects to humans can be separated into either carcinogenic or noncarcinogenic effects, and dif-
ferent methods are used to characterize health risks for exposure to carcinogens and noncarcinogens.
Carcinogens
The following information resources contain data helpful in characterizing human health risks caused by
exposure to carcinogenic substances. Data included in these resources include research results on car-
cinogenic effects, testing and regulatory activities involving carcinogens, and toxicity data for potential car-
cinogenic effects (e.g., ten percent effective doses and carcinogenic potency factors).
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CARCINOGENICITY LITERATURE
CECATS
EPACASR
GTDMIS
GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
IRIS
SPHERE
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
BIOSIS
CANCERLIT
CBDS
CCRIS
CESARS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
CHEMLINE
CIS
Non-
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CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
EMBASE
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HAZARDLINE
* MEDLINE
* NIOSHTIC
NOES
NOHS
NPIRS
OCIS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
EPA Data Fifes and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS
Non-carcinogens
The data bases listed below contain information needed to characterize human health risks for exposure
to noncarcinogenic chemicals. Similar to the data bases cited above for assessing carcinogenic effects,
these data bases include research results on non-carcinogens and their health effects, relevant testing and
regulatory activity information, and toxicity data for noncarcinogenic effects (e.g., minimum effective dose
values and acceptable intake levels).
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CECATS
DEEP
EPACASR
GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
GI
* GTDMIS
HEOX
IRIS
NEUROTOXicrry DATA
OHM-TADS
PERMDATA
PDAS
PHRED
RAD
SPHERE
STARA
WBC
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
BIOSIS
CESARS
CCRIS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
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crrcp
EMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
ETIC
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NOES
NOHS
NPIRS
OCIS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
EPA
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS
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CHAPTER 3
DATA BASES
This chapter contains more complete descriptions of the different data bases cited in Chapter 2. It is
divided into four main sections:
3.1 EPA Data Bases
3.2 Non-EPA Data Bases
3.3 Producers and Online Services
3.4 Access to Data Bases through EPA Libraries
Automated EPA and non-EPA data bases are listed and briefly described in Sections 3.1 and 3.2,
respectively . Some of the items included in this chapter as data bases (e.g., IRIS, OCIS, DARC) are actual-
ly ancillary automated systems which facilitate the research and manipulation of data; these systems can be
distinguished from sources of data by their description as "indexing," "tracking," or "search system" under
"Type." After the description of each data base, references for additional information are given. For most of
the EPA data bases, the EPA office where the data base resides and a responsible person, are provided.
For the non-EPA data bases, as well as for a few of the EPA data bases, the data base producer and the
name of an online service for accessing the data base are cited. The addresses and telephone numbers of
these producers and online services are given in Section 3.3. Section 3.4 lists data bases that may be ac-
cessed and searched through each of the EPA libraries.
3.1 EPA DATA BASES
The following are EPA data bases that may be useful in performing risk assessments. Most of these
data bases were identified through EPA's "Information Systems Inventory," an agency wide compilation of
data bases, models, and other information systems.5 The data bases below were selected from this large in-
ventory because they were identified, by the people who use them, as having the primary purpose of risk-as-
sessment.
For the purpose of this Directory, manual Data Bases are considered data files and are presented separate-
ly in Chapter 4.
5 More information on the Information Systems Inventory is available through EPA's office of Information
Resources Management, Information Management Branch.
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ACUTE HAZARDS DATA
Subject:
Content:
Acute Toxicity of Substances
This microcomputer-based data base on the acute toxicity of various chemical sub-
stances has been developed by OTS in support of an Agency-wide activity following
the Bhopal, India, tragedy. This data base will be used to develop materials to circu-
late to states and localities concerning a list of 400 chemicals identified by EPA as
being potentially of concern if released to the environment.
Holder: Economics and Technology Division, U.S. EPA
Responsible Person: Nilesh Patel
FTS Phone: 8-382-3718
AIR EMISSIONS FROM TREATMENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES FOR HAZARDOUS
WASTE rrsoR
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Air Emissions
Non-bibliographic
The TSDF, which is currently under development, will contain information about in-
dustrial facilities which treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste. Data to be com-
piled in TSDF include company names, locations, and descriptions, the size of each
site, waste stream compositions, and physical chemical properties. In addition, air
emission models and dispersion models will be included. The TSDF will be used to
generate air emission inventories to support future air pollution regulations.
Holder: Office of Air and Radiation
Responsible Person: Gene Smith
FTS Phone: 8-629-5571
AIRBORNE PARTICULATE AND PRECIPITATION DATA (ERFD)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Atmospheric Radiation Data
Non-bibliographic
This data base contains data on gross beta and gamma concentration in samples of
airborne particulates and precipitation. Monitoring results are given in terms of maxi-
mums, minimums, and averages. The location of the sampling point (city and state)
is also included.
Holder: Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person: Gerry Luster
FTS Phone: 8-534-7615
AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Toxic Air Pollutants
Bibliographic and Information Search
This data base was developed to help exchange information among state and local
environmental agencies and the EPA. The contents include over 60,000 records on
subjects like: control programs, correspondence, publications, reports, and data of
states' developed and developing programs. This data base contains the same infor-
mation as the National Air Toxics Clearinghouse (NATICH) described later in this
section. Therefore, if the Air Toxics Clearinghouse proves difficult to access through
the contacts outlined below, one can attempt to access NATICH.
Varies w/file
Varies w/file
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Hotter.
Online Service:
Contact:
Office of Air Programs. U.S. EPA
Government access through Account with EPA. On EPA IBM
Mainframe. Private access through NTIS.
Dave Patrick or Karen L. Blanchard
(919)541-5519
CARCINOGENICITY LITERATURE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Carcinogenicity
Bibliographic
OTS's Health and Environmental Review Division (HERD) has developed a
microcomputer based summary of literature citations relating to chemical car-
cinogenicity. Currently, the data base consists of more than 2,000 records covering
approximately 600 chemicals.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
CBI GLOBAL
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Office of Toxic Substances, HERD
Samir Zakhari
8-382-4295
Environmental and Health Effects
Indexing System
This system, when completely loaded, will be the Confidential Business Information
(CBI) version of the GLOBAL Indexing System (see below). It will consist of
GLOBAL plus TSCA CBI information of the same type.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Toxic Substances, Information Management Division
Michele Zenon
8-382-3534
CECATS
CHEMD
see CSB EXISTING CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT TRACKING SYSTEM
see OTS CHEMICAL DIRECTORY
CHEMICALS IN COMMERCE INFORMATION SYSTEM (CICIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemical Manufacturing and Importation
Non-bibliographic
CICIS contains manufacturing information on chemicals approved for production
under TSCA. As of July 1980, it lists chemicals manufactured in or imported to the
U.S. for commercial use, the amount of production or import in 1977, and the loca-
tions of production. Information considered trade secret by the chemical industry is
included in a confidential version of CICIS known as the Confidential Business Infor-
mation (CBI) Inventory, which may only be accessed by cleared individuals with a
need to know.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Toxic Substances
Maureen Guild
8-382-3623
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CSB EXISTING CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT TRACKING SYSTEM (CECATS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemical-Specific Hazard Information
Document tracking
CECATS is an automated document tracking system designed to aid the Chemical
Screening Branch (CSB) in reviewing data on existing chemicals and selecting those
substances that require additional attention by the Office of Toxic Substances
(OTS). The system provides storage, retrieval, verification trails, data manipulation,
and report generation for information on existing chemicals associated with: TSCA
Section 8(e) submissions, For Your Information (FYI) submissions, Chemical Hazard
Information Profiles (CHIP), Pre-Chip screenings, and Substitute Hazard Profiles.
These sources provide information on chemical identities, health and environmental
effects, chemical uses, and market information. Information on the status of a chemi-
cal within OTS is also provided.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Toxic Substances
James Darr
8-382-3470
CLINICAL STUDIES DIVISION. CLEANS CLEVER CLINICAL STUDY DATA (CSDCLEANS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Human Health Effects From Airborne Contamination
Non-bibliographic
This data base contains human health related data generated from the Clinical
Studies Division Chapel Hill Facility. These studies involve experiments in which
human subjects perform a variety of maneuvers while residing in polluted or clean
air chambers. Data maintained in the system include pulmonary function measure-
ments, heart, stress, and other medical information. Results of the pulmonary
studies are used in support of air quality standards.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Health Research
John O'Neil
8-629-2602
CRITERIA REFERENCE INFORMATION BANK (CRIB)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Air Quality and Health Effects
Bibliographic
The CRIB data base contains bibliographic information identifying sources cited in
air quality criteria and health assessment documents. This information is retrievable
by author, title, and keyword-in context. A full text of the document is available, al-
though no abstracts are provided
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Doug Fennell
8-629-3789
DYER EEG EVOKED POTENTIAL (DEEP)
Subject: Nervous System Health Effects
Type: Non-bibliographic
Content:
Data are maintained on the physiological consequences of acute and/or chronic
toxicant exposure on nervous system functions.
Holder:
Office of Health Research
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Responsible Person: Robert Dwyer
FTS Phone: 8-629-2760
EASTERN ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION FACILITIES (EERH SAMPLE DATA BASE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Environmental Radiation Monitoring Data
Non-bibliographic
On regular schedules, about a dozen environmental sampling networks submit
samples to the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facilities for analysis of radiation
levels. These samples are from a wide variety of media (e.g., soil, surface water,
ground water, drinking water, and air). This data base contains the results of these
sample analyses.
Holder: Office of Radiation programs
Responsible Person: Jon Broadway
FTS Phone: 8-534-7615
EPA CHEMICAL ACTIVITIES STATUS REPORT fEPACASR or CASRS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemistry
Reference (Bibliographic)
This data base contains more than 19,000 references to over 8,000 chemical sub-
stances reviewed or under review by the U.S. EPA in the course of its regulatory ac-
tivities and scientific research. A summary of EPA activities is provided with each
named substance.
Time Span:
Updating:
Responsible Person:
Telephone:
Up to February, 1984
It is not updated
Doug Sellers
(202) 382-2320
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS/FATE INFORMATION SYSTEM fEEFISl
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemical Fate; Environmental Effects
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
EEFIS provides user-friendly, menu-driven access through any IBM compatible per-
sonal computer to chemical fate and environmental effects information on selected
chemicals. The data base contains a variety of information resources, published
and unpublished, such as journal articles, correspondence, tables FYi studies sub-
mitted to EPA by industry, non CBI Section 8(d) studies, and Section 4 information.
EEFIS contains chemical fate and environmental effects data (1) on chemicals iden-
tified for priority testing consideration by the interagency testing committee- (2) on
chemicals for which EPA's Test Rules Development Branch has internally generated
tests rules or has received requests from other program offices to promulgate test
rules; and (3) generated as a result of EPA's requiring testing under Section 4 of
TSCA.
Holder: Office of Toxic Substances, Existing Chemical Assessment Division
Responsible Person: John D. Walker
Telephone: (202) 475-8160
ERFD
see AIRBORNE PARTICULATE AND PRECIPITATION DATA
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GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Radiation Exposure Assessment
Non-bibliographic
This system is used to assess health impacts resulting from environmental radiation
from sources such as radon in surface water, drinking water, and air. Information in
the system is also used to assess health effects of gamma radiation levels measured
by TLD dosimeters.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Radiation Programs
D. Norwood
8-534-7615
GLOBAL INDEXING SYSTEM (Gl>
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Environmental and Health Effects
Document Indexing/Bibliographic
This system stores and retrieves various Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) docu-
ments and studies collected under TSCA Section 8(d). It covers the 20,000 docu-
ments existing in the OTS public files including all original submissions and all TSCA
rule-making records. The Gl system also covers the submissions on health and
safety studies for about 330 substances listed under the TSCA Section 8(d) report-
ing rule. Gl is a document search and review system consisting of a pointer to a
fiche copy. Searches can be conducted by using chemical identifiers (e.g., names
and CAS numbers), submitting company names, and document identification data.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Toxic Substances
Doug Sellers
8-382-2320
GENETIC TOXICOLOGY DIVISION BIOASSAY SYSTEM fGTDMIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Health Effects
Non-bibliographic
This system contains the results of testing various chemical compounds in
numerous biological test systems for detecting carcinogenicity or mutagenicity. The
results are entered from in-house research (HERL Genetic Toxicology Division), Na-
tional Cancer Institute reports, and other published genetic toxicology literature.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Health Research
Mike Waters
8-629-2537
GRAPHICAL EXPOSURE MODELING SYSTEM (GEMS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Environmental Fate and Transport; Populations at Risk
Non-bibliographic
This data base contains 12 datasets and fosters rapid access to 11 environmental
fate and transport models designed to assess risks from waste sites which are
migrating through various environmental media. The GEMS fate and transport
models are discussed in Chapter 5. The data sets include:
CHEMEST Validation. Includes information on solubility, log P, boiling point, and
vapor pressure of various substances.
ECONOMIC CENSUS 1977. Contains information on manufacturers, industry, and
transportation from 1977.
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Holder:
Telephone:
GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE. Contains county level data from selected areas on
agriculture, climate, vegetation, soils, population, water quality, and wildlife.
GAGE. Contains stream flow rates from approximately 99,500 stations throughout
the U.S.
IFDPIR. Contains facility data for approximately 28,000 disctvgers, excluding
POTWS.
IFDIND. Contains facility data for approximately 12,000 discharges who discharge
through other facilities, usually POTWS.
MARF 1980 Census. Contains a variety of location identification information,
population counts by race, and the numbers of families for all 50 states.
METEOROLOGICAL DATA. Contains data for 394 weather stations in the continen-
tal U.S.
POTWS. Contains 1982 survey data from 33,000 publically owned treatment works
in the U.S.
REACH. Contains stream reach information, including cataloging unit, segment
number, and location for approximately 68,000 reaches throughout the country.
WATER SUPPLY. Contains the number of surface water utilities, the total popula-
tion served, the number of intake points, and the number of STORET water quality
stations associated with surface water utilities.
Office of Toxic Substances Exposure Evaluation Division
(202) 382-3928
HEOX (Oxidants)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Photochemical Oxidants Health Effects
Non-bibliographic
This system contains data gathered as part of the oxidant research program, which
is concerned with the atmospheric processes, health and environmental impacts,
and control of photochemical oxidants. Ozone is the most abundant photochemical
oxidant and is of major concern for health and environmental effects. Nitrogen
oxides and volatile organic compounds, which are precursors of ozone and other
oxidants, are also being evaluated under this research program.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Health Research
Richardson Dickerson
8-629-2909
INDUSTRIAL STUDIES DATA BASE HSDB1
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Hazardous Waste Management
Non-bibliographic
The ISDB contains data extracted from RCRA 3007 questionnaires, sampling and
analysis reports, industry contacts and literature. The data tracks the manufacturing
processes for specific organic chemicals, the types and amounts of waste streams
produced, and how those waste streams are managed. Data on industries for the
following substances are included in the ISDB so far: chlorinated organics, organic
pesticides, carbamate pesticides, dyes, chlorinated aromatics, pigments, plastics,
and resins.
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Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Solid Waste
Robert M. Scarberry
8-382-4768
INHALATION LITERATURE
Subject: Inhalation toxicity
Type: Non-bibliographic
Content:
This microcomputer based compilation contains information from the open literature
on inhalation toxicity. It includes approximately 500 records on 100 chemicals.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Health and Environmental Review Division
Ernest Falke
8-382-3430
THE INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Risk characteristics of chemicals
Search system
IRIS contains results of carcinogenic bioassays, dose-related, responses, toxicity
levels, reference doses, and other parameters used to control exposure. The sys-
tem is organized on a chemical basis and the user can call up a chemical by name
and review all material pertinent to it. IRIS should be online in October or Novem-
ber of 1986, and will contain authoritative information on about 200 compounds.
Designed as an electronic loose-leaf notebook, IRIS can be accessed through com-
mercial E- mail lines, and provides users with the ability to access, copy, and print in-
formation from the data base, while data entry access is limited to maintain the in-
tegrity of the file.
Holding Office: Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Responsible People: Mary Wigginton (FTS 8-382-7315) for status and access information;
Jeffrey Swartou (FTS 8-684-7811) for scientific issues and accuracy
of reference doses.
LAKE ANALYSIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LAMS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Surface Water Quality Data
Non-bibliographic
LAMS includes all water quality data gathered by the EPA Office of Research and
Development research program administered by the Large Lakes Research Station,
Grosse lie, Ml since 1971. This data base also includes water quality data since
1968 for the Canadian Great Lakes.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
William Richardson
8-226-7811
LEVEL 8(A)
see TSCA 8(a) LEVEL A INFORMATION SYSTEM
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MEGA-X LIST
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemical Information Index
Information Indexing
An index of all the chemicals in the CECATS System (see above) that have CAS
numbers is being expanded into a system, known as the "Mega-X," which is being
developed as the beginning of a master index to OTS information resources.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Toxic Substances, Existing Chemicals Assessment Division
James Darr
8-382-3470
MICROBIOLOGICAL DATA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Microbiological Organisms
Non-bibliographic
OTS's Health and Environmental Review Division (HERD) is developing a microcom-
puter version of an NIH mainframe system consisting of data on the characteristics
of various microbiological organisms. This system will be used by OTS in future
reviews of altered micro organisms proposed for commercial introduction and
reviewed under TSCA Section 5. The system is scheduled to be running in October
1986.
Office of Toxic Substances, HERD
Mark Segal
8-382-3502
NATIONAL AIR TOXICS INFORMATION CLEARING HOUSE (NATICH)
Subject: Toxic Air Pollutants
Type: Reference-Search System
Content:
This information was developed to assist state and local air pollution control agen-
cies exchange information on matters pertaining to toxic air pollutants. The con-
tents include:
Pollutant-specific information
« Source-specific information
Information related to methods development activities
Listings of ongoing research and regulatory development projects
Regulatory program development information
Bibliographic information
List of agency sources, contact persons and telephone numbers.
This data base contains the same information as the Air Toxics Clearinghouse
described earlier in this section. Therefore, if NATICH proves difficult to access
through the contacts outlined below, one can attempt to access the Air Toxics
Clearinghouse.
Holder: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS),
Pollutant Assessment Division.
Responsible Person: Karen Blanchard
FTS Phone: 629-5519
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NATIONAL HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE DATA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemicals in Adipose Tissue
Non-bibliographic
OTS's Exposure Evaluation Division (EED) maintains a data base of levels of chemi-
cals measured in human adipose tissue. This data base consists of approximately
22,000 citations covering 20 chemicals.
Holder: Office of Toxic Substances, EED
Responsible Person: Janet Remmers
FTS Phone: 8-382-3583
NEUROTOXICITY DATA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Neurotoxicity evaluations
Bibliographic and Non-bibliographic
The Toxic Effects Branch of OTS is developing this microcomputer based database
of evaluated neurotoxicity data. This data base will cover the many chemicals
reviewed by OTS for neurotoxicity under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
The database consists of records at the chemical level, individual article level, and at
the experimental observational level. The database should be implemented by sum-
mer 1986.
Holder: Health and Environmental Review Division
Responsible Person: Michael Cimino
FTS Phone: 8-382-3451
OCEAN DATA EVALUATION SYSTEM (ODES)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Municipal Effluent Monitoring Data
Non-bibliographic
This data base contains municipal wastewater effluent monitoring data. Under Sec-
tion 301 (h) of the Clean Water Act, dischargers with 301 (h) modified permits are re-
quired to submit these monitoring data in order to demonstrate compliance with the
law.
Holder: Office of Water (Marine and Estuarine Management)
Responsible Person: Allison Duryee
FTS Phone: 8-755-4911
OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DATA SYSTEM (OHM TADS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Updating:
Producer:
Environment; Toxicology
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
A database containing data gathered from published literature on 1334 materials
that have been designated oil or hazardous materials. Provides technical support
for dealing with potential or actual dangers resulting from the discharge of oil or haz-
ardous substances. Up to 126 data fields, some textual and some numeric, may be
present for each record (i.e., one material). A record includes identification of the
substance (Chemical Abstracts Service registry number, common and trade names,
and chemical formula), physical properties, uses, toxicity, handling procedures, and
suggested methods for disposing of spilled materials. Emphasis is placed on the ef-
fects of these substances on water quality.
About 50 new entries each year
U.S. EPA
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Online Service:
Chemical Information System, Inc. (CIS);
Information Consultants, Inc. (ICI)
ORALTOX
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Acute Oral Toxicity
Non-bibliographic
ORALTOX contains acute oral toxicity data for rats, wild birds, and wild mice. The
data are sorted according to CAS number, chemical name, and the number of car-
bons in the chemical formula. All of the data are from literature, with rat toxicity
data taken from the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances and bird and
mice data taken from literature by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Data for about
20,000 chemicals are listed in ORALTOX.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Toxic Substances
Richard Clements
8-382-4270
OTS CHEMICAL DIRECTORY (CHEMD)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Physical-Chemical Properties
Non-bibliographic
CHEMD will provide a common storage and retrieval capability for chemical,struc-
tures for chemicals in all OTS automated systems. It will provide chemical structure
and substructure search features with sophisticated graphics capabilities.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
PENTA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Office of Toxic Substances
Michele Zenon
8-382-3534
Chemical Case Histories
Indexing System
PENTA is an enhanced version of the Technical Data Indexing System (TDIS). It
contains scientific and regulatory information on all Premanufacturing Notifications,
exemption applications, and notices reviewed under the new chemicals and follow
up review process. The data base is designed so that cases can be quickly isolated
and referenced by their pertinent properties. The objective of PENTA is to automate
descriptive information for each case and to provide reviewers information on how
similar cases were handled in the past. This system contains confidential business
information.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Toxic Substances, Information Management Division
Michele Zenon
8-382-3534
PERMDATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PERMDATA1
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Radon Monitoring Data
Non-bibliographic
This data base contains information on radon measurements in air. Data include
the sample location, the on and off dates and times for the sample, total sample run
time, the thermo- luminescent dosimetry (TLD) detector number and its measures
dose rate, alpha and gamma TLD readouts, calibration factors, and radon concentra-
tions.
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Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Radiation Programs
Richard D. Hopper
8-545-2463
PESTICIDE DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PDMS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Pesticides
Bibliographic
The PDMS data base is an on-line index to some 200,000 studies of the properties
and effects of pesticides. These are mostly unpublished documents, submitted by
the pesticide industry to support regulatory decisions by the Office of Pesticide
programs. Microform copies of all indexed documents are maintained in OPP of-
fices. The index supports searching by chemical, subject, and a wide range of
other bibliographic and non-bibliographic attributes of each document. Due to
widespread claims of data confidentiality by their submitters, ready access to PDMS
documents is restricted to EPA staff cleared for access to FIFRA confidential busi-
ness.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Pesticide Programs
John Carley
8-557-3240
PESTICIDE INCIDENT MONITORING SYSTEM (PIMS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Pesticide Incident Data
Non-bibliographic
The PIMS contains and retrieves data on "incidents" involving pesticides. The sys-
tem develops and maintains reporting sources, monitors suspected incidents, and
provides confirmatory analyses and data on circumstances of the incident.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Pesticide Programs
Jerome Blondell
8-557-0320
PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM (PDAS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Health Effects
Non-bibliographic
The PDAS contains real-time physiological data (e.g., pulmonary function, heart, and
stress measurements) from subjects who perform various tests while enclosed in
chambers exposing them to various levels of pollutants. One of the pollutants
studied is ozone.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Health Research
John O'Neil
8-629-2602
PUBLIC HEALTH RISK EVALUATION DATA BASE (PHRED)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemical, physical, toxicological data and health based standards
Non-bibliographic with source citations
This personal computer software package is designed to provide chemical, physical,
toxicological data and health-based standards, and criteria for over 400 chemicals
that may be found at Superfund sites. The package is intended to accompany the
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual (Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response Directive 9285.4-1) which is also the source of most of the data. More
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detailed information about specific types of data in the data base can be found in
the manual, and footnotes and data sources are included throughout the data.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
RADIATION (RAD)
Subject:
Type:
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Policy Analysis Staff
Craig Zamuda
8-382-2201
Non-Ionizing Radiation Health Effects
Non-bibliographic
Content:
This system contains data from an EPA program to evaluate the significance and
dose-response characteristics of radiofrequency radiation (including microwaves) ex-
posure. This program is intended to provide the scientific basis for decision making,
as well as EPA guidance, on radiofrequency radiation. Data in RAD are useful in
identifying and explaining the underlying mechanisms for biophysical interactions,
as well as enable better prediction of risk for humans.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Health Research
Richard Phillips
8-629-2771
SCIENTIFIC PARAMETERS FOR HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT. RETRIEVAL AND ESTIMA-
TION (SPHERE)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Biomedicine; Chemistry-Properties; Environment; Toxicology
Reference (Bibliographic); Non-bibliographic (Textual Numeric)
Contains 5 files of information on the health and environmental effects of chemical
substances. Data are extracted from the published literature.
AQUATIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL DATA BASE (AQUIRE). Contains data on
acute, chronic, bioaccumulative, and sublethal effects of over 2500 chemical sub-
stances on freshwater and marine organisms (excluding bacteria, birds, and aquatic
mammals).
DERMAL ABSORPTION DATA BASE. Contains information on the qualitative and
quantitative health effects of approximately 650 chemical substances administered
to humans and test animals via the dermal route.
ENVIROFATE. Contains information on the environmental fate or behavior (i.e.,
transport and degradation) of chemicals released into the environment. Chemicals
selected for inclusion are produced in quantities exceeding 1 million pounds per
year. Data, extracted from published literature, include environmental transforma-
tion rates (e.g., biodegradation, oxidation, hydrolysis) and physical and chemical
properties (e.g., water solubility, vapor pressure).
GENETOX. Contains mutagenicity information on 3170 chemicals that were tested
against 38 biological systems. Data are extracted from published literature.
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR HAZARDOUS ORGANICS IN WATER (ISHOW).
Contains melting point, boiling point, partition coefficient, acid dissociation constant,
water solubility, and vapor pressure data for more than 5400 chemicals.
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
1970-present
Periodically, as new data become available
U.S. EPA
3-13
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Online Service:
Chemical Information System, Inc., (CIS);
Information Consultants, Inc. (ICI)
see STUDIES ON TOXICITY APPLICABLE TO RISK ASSESSMENT
STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF WATER QUALITY INFORMATION (STORET)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Water Quality Data
Non-bibliographic
STORET contains water quality data used by State and EPA analysts in making
water pollution control decisions (e.g., issuing NPDES permits, establishing water
quality standards for toxic pollutants, evaluating the effectiveness of regulatory
programs, and assessing concentrations of toxic pollutants). Data contained in
STORET include aquatic biological data, hydrologic data, stream reach data, and
other related information. Approximately 60 million observations of water quality
parameters measured at about 200,000 monitoring sites in the U.S. are included in
the data base, along with information on how and where the data were obtained.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Water
Phillip Lindestruth
8-382-7220
STUDIES ON TOXICITY APPLICABLE TO RISK ASSESSMENT (STARA)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Toxicological Data
Non-bibliographic
This system contains available quantitative toxicological data on all EPA priority pol-
lutants (water quality and air lists). Data are extracted from peer-reviewed studies
which are screened for appropriateness for human health risk estimation. Related
software procedures (WYLBUR EXEC) allow generation of formatted tables of the
original data, tables of data in human equivalent (dose-duration) terms, and graphs
of severity versus dose and duration.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Richard Hertzberg
8-684-7582
TSCA INITIAL INVENTORY
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Chemical Industry; Toxicology
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Contains information on approximately 56,000 chemical substances in commerce in
the U.S., covered in the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Initial Inventory
published June 1, 1979. Each record, providing information on one substance, in-
cludes the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number, preferred name,
molecular formula, and synonyms. Synonyms in the records are only those
received in the inventory reports; additional synonyms provided in the correspond-
ing printed version are not included. Confidential substances and definitions of com-
plex substances are also excluded.
Inventory current as of May 1, 1983
Irregularly
U.S. EPA
DIALOG
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TSCA 8(a) LEVEL
Subject:
Type:
Content:
A INFORMATION SYSTEM (LEVELSfA))
Chemical Use and Exposure
Non-bibliographic
The Preliminary Assessment Information Rule (PAIR), under section 8(A) of TSCA, re-
quires chemical manufacturers to submit general use and exposure data to EPA on
approximately 250 chemicals. The information submitted includes data on the quan-
tities of chemicals manufactured, amounts directed to certain classes of use, and
potential exposures and environmental releases associated with the manufacturing
or processing of the chemicals. The LEVEL8(A) Information System contains these
data collected under the PAIR.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
TSCA PLUS
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Office of Toxic Substances
Maureen Guild
8-382-3623
Chemical Identification, Manufacturing, and Use
Non-bibliographic
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
This data base lists chemicals in the TSCA initial inventory of 1976, plus additions as
of 1981, and includes plant and production data exclusive to SDC Information Ser-
vices. The chemical records in the data base include molecular formula, registry
number, chemical name, synonyms, and data on manufacturers, amount produced
and used. Name, contact person, address, and number of substance producers are
also included.
1976-present
Continuously
Office of the Toxic Substances
SDC Information Services
TSCA TEST SUBMISSIONS (TSCATS1
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemical Test Results
Chemical Indexing
The TSCATS data base represents a compilation of testing data gathered by EPA
from chemical manufacturers and processors. It is designed to provide indexing
terms and descriptors that will enable users to conduct focused searches of industry
submissions under TSCA. Each record in the data base contains essential chemical
tracking information (document number, title, microfiche number, TSCA section
code, CAS number), and descriptors for subject category (health effects, environ-
mental effects, environmental fate) and various aspects of the experimental design
(study type, subject organism/test system, route of exposure, and test substance).
The system documents approximately 1500 tests for 1232 chemicals.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Toxic Substances, Information Management Division
Doug Sellers
8-382-2320
TSDF
see AIR EMISSIONS FROM TREATMENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES
FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE
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WHOLE-BODY COUNT AND BIOASSAY fWBC)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Radionuclide Intake by Humans
Non-bibliographic
Thfs data base, which is under development, will hold data on ingested and inhaled
radionuclide levels in humans (radiation workers and the general public) relative to
Nevada Test Site operations and laboratory activities. These data have been col-
lected since 1963 and are being extracted from reports, internal memoranda,
monitoring logs, and raw data. Mobilized whole body counters are being developed
for future data collection in the field.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
Anita Mullen
8-545-2597
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3.2 NON-EPA DATA BASES
The following are automated non-EPA data bases. Some of the data bases below were identified
through personal interviews with EPA and non-EPA employees. Most of the data bases, however, were
selected from other data base directories6 because of their apparent usefulness in performing risk assess-
ments. The information on each data base was taken directly from these other directories, which should be
consulted for further information on these and other data bases.
ACS JOURNALS ONLINE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemistry Journals
Full Text
Producer:
Online Service:
AGRICOLA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
This data base contains over 50,000 articles (full text) from 18 journals published by
the American Chemical Society. The journals covered are: (1) Accounts of Chemi-
cal Research , (2) Analytical Chemistry (only research papers), (3) Biochemistry ,
(4) Chemical Reviews, (5) Environmental Science and Technology (1982-present,
only research papers), (6) Inorganic Chemistry, (7) Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry, (8) Journal of the American Chemical Society (July 1980-present), (9)
Journal of Chemistry and Engineering Data, (10) Journal of Chemical Information
and Computer Science, (11) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1976 present), (12)
Journal of Physical Chemistry , (13) Langmuir (1985-present), (14) Macromolecules,
and (\5)Organometallics. (1982-present). For the Journal of The American Chemi-
cal Society, Journal of Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Organometal-
lics, the Registry Numbers assigned by Chemical Abstracts Service are included.
American Chemical Society
Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS)
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Agriculture, Food Sciences and Nutrition
Reference (Bibliographic)
This data base contains citations to government reports, monographs, journal litera-
ture, serials, etc., in agriculture and other related areas. This information has been
acquired by The National Agricultural Library for use by The U.S. Department of
Agriculture. Covered topics include animal sciences, chemistry and engineering,
food and human nutrition, forestry, natural resources, pesticides, soils and fertilizers,
water resources, and impact of chemicals in living organisms.
1970-present
Approximately 12,000 records/month
U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Library
Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS) and DIALOG
6 Cuadra Associates, Inc. 1985. Directory of Online Databases, Volume 6, Number 3. LC Catalog Number
79 54776. Santa Monica, CA. Zaronzny, Sharon and Monica Honer. 1984. The Federal Data Base Finder,
A Directory of Free and Fee-Based Data Bases and Files Available from the Federal Government. 1984-85
Edition. Information USA, Inc. Potomac, MD.
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AIR/WATER POLLUTION REPORT
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Air and Water - Laws and Regulations
Full Text
This data base contains Air/Water Pollution Report (full text), which is a newsletter
that covers air and water pollution. It concentrates on environmental laws and
regulations, especially on the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts.
1982-present
Every week
Business Publishers, Inc.
NewsNet, Inc.
AOUALINE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Environment, Aquatic Sciences
Reference (Bibliographic)
This data base includes over 87,000 citations, with abstracts, to literature
(worldwide) on aspects of waste water, water, and the aquatic environment.
Relevant topics are: (1) surface water, (2) waste water treatment, (3) groundwater,
(4) water sampling and analysis, (5) groundwater pollution, (6) drinking water
quality, (7) sludge utilization and other related topics.
1960-present
Approximately 550 records/month
DIALOG
AQUATIC SCIENCES AND FISHERIES ABSTRACTS (ASFA)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Aquatic Sciences
Reference (Bibliographic)
This data base contains citations with abstracts to literature on science, technology,
and management of marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. It includes
these and related subjects: agriculture; aquatic biology; ecology and ecosystems;
environmental studies; fisheries; limnology; marine biology, pollution, and technol-
ogy; and water pollution.
1978-present
About 3000 records a month
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts,
Inter-governmental Oceanographic Commission, United Nations
DIALOG, CISTI
BIOSC1ENCES INFORMATION SERVICE (BIOSIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Life Sciences
Bibliographic
BIOSIS contains citations and abstracts from Biological Abstracts, Biological
Abstracts/Reports, Reviews, Meetings, and Bioresearch Index. Together, these pub-
lications constitute a major English language service providing comprehensive
worldwide coverage of research in the life sciences.
Time Span:
Online Service:
1969-present
DIALOG
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CANCER LITERATURE (CANCERLIT; formerly CANCERLINE)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time* Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Cancer
Bibliographic
CANCERLIT contains about 521,000 references dealing with various aspects of can-
cer. All references have English abstracts. Over 3,500 U.S. and foreign journals, as
well as selected monographs, meeting papers, reports, and dissertations are
abstracted for inclusion in CANCERLIT.
1963-present
Monthly (5,000 additions per month)
National Library of Medicine
CARCINOGENESIS BIOASSAY DATA SYSTEM (CBDS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Toxicology
Numeric
This data base contains data on approximately 600 chemical compounds being
tested for toxicity. Data is mostly carcinogenic results of tests on rats exposed to
environmental chemicals. Retrievable information includes: specific animal, dose of
chemical, animal age, results, organs affected and kinds of tumors. Examples of
chemicals tested include compounds in pesticides and over-the-counter drugs.
CBDS is searchable in batch mode.
1973-present
Monthly
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
CAS ONLINE (also known as CA SEARCH)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
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Updating:
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Chemistry
Reference (Bibliographic)
This data base contains citations to literature in chemistry; organic, analytical, physi-
cal, applied, macromolecular, biochemical, and chemical engineering. Covers jour-
nals, monographs, conference proceedings, and technical reports. Contains bibliog-
raphic information and keyword index entries from the printed Chemical Abstracts,
CAS-assigned subject terms, and Registry Numbers.
1967-present
BRS and CISTI about 40,000 records per month;
DIALOG, Data-Star, ESA-IRS, JICST, SDC about 19,000
records every two weeks.
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS), CISTI, DIALOG,
Systems Development Corporation (SDC)
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CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE SOURCE INDEX (CASSI)
Subject:
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Chemistry
Reference (Bibliographic)
This data base covers scientific and technical literature relevant to chemistry, chemi-
cal engineering, and the chemical sciences.
1900-present
Quarterly
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
Systems Development Corporation (SDC)
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS RESEARCH INFORMATION SYSTEM (CCRIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
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Toxicology
Reference (Bibliographic); Non-bibliographic (Textual Numeric)
This data base contains bibliographic references and data extracted from literature
on test conditions and results of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and tumor produc-
tion of 882 chemicals. Data sources include environmental surveys, National In-
stitute of Health sponsored studies, and international journals on cancer research.
1971-present
Two times per year
U.S. National Institutes of Health
Chemical Information System, Inc. (CIS)
CHEMICAL EVALUATION SEARCH AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (CESARS)
Subject:
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Chemical Properties, Environmental Fate, and Toxicology
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Contains toxicological data on approximately 195 chemicals. Data items covered in-
clude physical and chemical properties, toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity,
teratogenicity, and environmental fate. Data are from literature which are referenced
to source documents.
1962-present
Annually
Michigan Department of Natural Resources
Chemical Information System, Inc (CIS);
Information Consultants, Inc. (ICI)
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Effects of Contaminants on Animals and Humans
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains data from journal articles, conferences, and reports. Traces toxic chemi-
cals and other substances to evaluate their effects. Includes information on chemi-
cal properties, synonyms, CAS Registry Numbers, formulas, tissue measured, analyti-
cal method used, demographics, keywords, systemic names, etc. Has all the infor-
mation one needs when examining toxicity of various substances and their effects
on animals and humans.
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1974-present
Annually
Oak Ridge National Library, Chemical Effects Information Center
DIALOG
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
Subject:
Type:
Content:
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Toxicology
Reference (Bibliographic); Non-bibliographic (Textual Numeric)
Contains citations to literature on over 1000 chemicals that have been identified in
human biological media and reported effects of metals, pesticides, and other sub-
stances on the human body. Each record includes bibliographic information, Chemi-
cal Abstracts Service systematic name and Registry Number, chemical properties,
formulas, synonyms, tissue levels measured, analytical method used, number and
sex of cases, demographic samples, health effects, geographic location, and animal
studied.
1974-present
About 2000 records a year
Science Applications International Corp.
DIALOG, U.S. DOE (RECON)
CHEMICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM fCIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
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Chemistry
Reference (Bibliographic)
This data base provides cross-reference to all citations of a chemical or class of
chemicals cited in the Federal Register (FR) since January 1, 1978. Each mention
of a substance in the Register results in a citation in the data base, with a descrip-
tion of the FR article as it concerns the cited substance or substances, the agency
or agencies involved, the actions being taken or proposed, significant dates, and the
affected sections of the CFR (Code of Federal Regulations).
1978-present
Continuously
NIH/EPA Chemical Information System User Support
Computer Sciences Corporation
Chemical Information System, Inc.
CHEMICAL REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES SYSTEM (CRGS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemical Regulations
Reference (Bibliographic)
This data base provides an index to U.S. Federal regulatory material on the control
of chemical substances and covers federal statutes, promulgated regulations, avail-
able federal guidelines, standards, and support documents. CRGS follows the
regulatory cycle and includes an up-to-date reference to each document, including
main documents and revisions published in the Federal Register. Each chemical
cited in a regulatory document is indexed by name, CAS Registry Number, and a
chemical role tag. The latter shows the context in which the substances appear in
the document. Citations show publication title, date, abstract, index terms and
chemical^identifiers.
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May 1981-present
Monthly
CRC Systems, Inc.
DIALOG
CHEMICAL REGULATION REPORTER
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
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Online Service:
Current Developments in Chemical Industry and Regulation
Full Text
Contains full text of the current developments section of Chemical Regulation
Reporter, covering legislative, regulatory, and industry activities related to control of
chemicals in the air, water, land, and workplace. Includes control of pesticides,
chemical testing, transportation of hazardous materials, waste disposal, and
recordkeeping. Primary source is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
1982-present
Weekly
Bureau of National Affairs
Mead Data Central
CHEMLAW
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Producer:
Online Service:
Chemical Regulations
Reference (Bibliographic)
This data base covers U.S. agencies' regulations relating to the manufacture,
storage, use, transportation and disposal of chemical substances. Available with
summaries, CFR title headings, CFR citations, promulgating agency and statutory
authority.
The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.
DIALOG
CHEML1NE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemical Dictionary
Source (Numeric)
Contains over 500,000 records on chemical substances found in the following data
bases: TOXLINE; TOXBACK 65; TOXBACK 74; MEDLINE; and TDB data bases;
also, the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory. Also contains National
Library of Medicine file locator and limited ring information. This data base helps
the user in searching the other MEDLARS data base by providing synonyms and
CAS Registry Numbers, the use of which can increase retrieval in those data bases.
CHEMLINE can also be searched to locate classes of chemical substances.
Time Span:
Producer:
Online Service:
1965-present
U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute,
International Cancer Research Data Bank Program
National Library of Medicine, DIALOG (CHEMLINE is under the
name CHEMNAME in DIALOG), SDC Information Service
(CHEMLINE is under the name CHEMDEX in SDC)
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CHEMSEARCH
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Contains nomenclature information by substances not yet entered in CHEMSIS that
have appeared in the most recent 3 updates of CA SEARCH. Elements of data in-
clude CAS Registry Number, molecular formula, and systematic names from the
Chemical Abstracts Substance Index.
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Most recent 3 updates of CA SEARCH
Every 2 weeks
DIALOG
CHEM SINGLY INDEXED SUBSTANCES (CHEMSIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
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Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
This data base includes CAS Registry Number, molecular formula, systematic
names from the Chemical Abstracts Substance Index, synonyms, and ring data. Ad-
ditional search terms generated by DIALOG for this database are also included.
1967-present
Current collective index period, irregularly; earlier periods, not updated.
DIALOG
CHEMTRAN
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Updating:
Online Service:
Chemistry-Properties
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Is a component of a process simulation system that combines data on physical
properties of compounds and constants with the software necessary to perform
vapor liquid equilibrium calculations. Data on 857 compounds cover molecular
weight, normal boiling points, critical properties, ideal gas heat capacities, acentric
factors, solubility parameters, liquid density, vapor pressures, and heats of vaporiza-
tion. The user may also supply a 2 dimensional chemical structure for any com-
pound not in the file and the system will estimate the physical properties of that com-
pound.
Monthly
ChemShare Corporation; Control Data Corporation;
General Electric Information Services Company
CHEMZERO
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Contains nomenclature information for over I million chemical substances that are
not cited in Chemical Abstracts. The following data items from the Registry
Nomenclature and Structure Service are included: CAS Registry Number, molecular
formula, systematic names from the Chemical Abstracts Substance Index, and
synonyms. Additional search terms generated by DIALOG for this database are also
included.
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1965-present
Irregularly
DIALOG
CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
Subject:
Type:
Content:
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Health
Reference (Bibliographic)
This data base contains citations and abstracts of literature about health indexes.
The system includes both published and unpublished materials in a variety of lan-
guages; book reviews; information about forthcoming conferences, meetings, semi-
nars, etc., relating to the development and/or application of health measures; and a
bulletin board file with information pertaining to the development of health indexes
such as forthcoming books, libraries, and technical information centers. "Health in-
dexes" refers to the overall health of an individual or group, and concerns measures
of health, not disease. Examples of topics covered include: number of cancer
deaths, life expectancy, quality of life, and biometry. The data base contains multi-
disciplinary materials in fields such as sociology, psychology, economics and politi-
cal science.
1973-present
Continuously
Department of Health and Human Services
Office of Analysis and Epidemiology
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS (CTCP>
Subject:
Type:
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Toxicology
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
A database system that contains chemical and toxicological information on over
20,000 commercial products derived from 3000 chemicals. Records can be
retrieved by manufacturer, trade name, manufacturer's approved usage, date of
most recent change in chemical formulation, chemical names of ingredients, and
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. Includes data on toxicity, symptoms,
and treatments.
1984
Data from monthly bulletins added quarterly;
is completely replaced with each new edition.
U.S. EPA; U.S. Food and Drug Admin., U.S. National Institutes of Health
Chemical Information System, Inc. (CIS)
COMPLIANCE ALERT: FEDERAL REGISTER DIGEST
Subject:
Type:
Content:
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Updating:
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Energy; Environment; Government-U.S. Federal; Safety
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains summaries of federal regulations pertaining to the environment, waste
management, energy, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA). Covers relevant sections of the Federal Register and the Code of Federal
Regulations.
1984-present
Weekly
Bureau of Law & Business, Inc.
CompuServe Consumer Information Service; NewsNet, Inc.
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COMPLIANCE MANAGEMENT REPORT
Subject:
Type:
Content:
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Compliance with Environmental and Safety Requirements
Full Text
Contains full text of Compliance Management Report, a newsletter on legal and
practical problems encountered in complying with federal laws and regulations in
the environmental protection and occupational health and safety areas. Covers air
pollution, hazardous materials and wastes, and technologies supporting compliance
with regulations.
1984-present
Monthly
Bureau of Law & Business, Inc.
NewsNet, Inc.
PARC
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Chemical Structure
Search System
DARC is an integrated chemical search system which operates on the (1) almost
seven million chemical compounds in the Chemical Abstracts Service; (2) the almost
four million compounds in the Index Chemicals Online file; and (3) the 40,000 com-
pounds and 40,000 complete low resolution mass spectra in the SPECTRA file (NIH-
EPA Mass Spectra Data Center). Searching is done on structures, substructures,
and Markush Formulae.
1965-present
Monthly (depends on specific file)
Questel, Inc.
DMS
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Online Service:
Hydrologic and Water Quality Data
Non-bibliographic (Numeric)
Contains hydrologic and water quality data collected from field work and laboratory
tests by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, and Environmental Protection Agency. Software systems allow users to
analyze time series data, land segments hydrologic response, wash-off and routing
in channels and reservoirs, and momentum equations.
Hydrocomp, Inc.
DORTMUND VLE DATA BANK
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
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Chemistry-Properties
Non-bibliographic (Numeric)
Contains over 10,000 sets of vapor-liquid equilibrium data for approximately 1200
chemicals. Each set of data contains either isobaric or isothermal data for binary,
ternary, or quarternary systems. Sources of data include over 2400 technical jour-
nal articles and dissertations.
1890-present
Twice a year
University of Dortmund
ChemShare Corporation
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EMBASE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
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Updating:
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ENVIROLINE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Human Medicine
Bibliographic
EMBASE provides bibliographic references and abstracts for literature on human
medicine and related disciplines. Subject coverage includes the basic biological
sciences with some relevance to human medicine, such as articles on drugs and
potential drugs. Normally excluded are articles on nursing, dentistry, psychology,
paramedical professions, podiatry, and optometry.
1974-present
235,000 records added annually
DIALOG
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Environment
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains citations to a broad range of issues and topics related to the environment
and the management and use of natural resources. Major topic areas included are
air, water, and noise pollution; management of renewable and non-renewable resour-
ces of the land and water; chemicals, and biological and radiological contaminants.
Covers all types of printed literature, including conference papers, research reports,
government documents, and journal articles.
1971-present
About 600 records a month
DIALOG
ENVIRONMENT REPORTER
Subject:
Type:
Content:
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Updating:
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Current Developments in Environmental Management
Source (Full Text)
Contains full text of the current developments section of Environment Reporter,
covering state and federal legislative, regulatory, and judicial activities related to pol-
lution control and the environment. Includes developments concerning air and
water pollution, hazardous wastes, solid wastes, mining, land use, and sewage treat-
ment
1982-present
Weekly
The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.
Mead Data Central
ENVIRONMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
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General Environmental References
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains citations to literature on the environment, including water, air, soil, and
noise pollution, solid waste management, health hazards, urban planning and other
related topics.
1973-present
About 4000 records every 2 months
DIALOG
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ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
Subject:
Type:
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Updating:
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Chemistry-Properties; Environment; Toxicology
Reference (Bibliographic); Non-bibliographic (Textual Numeric)
Consists of 3 interrelated files of information on the fate (i.e., transport and degrada-
tion) of organic chemicals released in the environment.
DATALOG. Contains over 48,000 records covering over 4000 organic chemicals
and metals. Each record provides the chemical name, molecular formula, Chemical
Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number, and one or more of 18 data items
relevant to the environmental fate of the chemical (e.g., water solubility, octanol/
water partition coefficient, vapor pressure, soil adsorption, Henry's Law constant,
biodegradation, hydrolysis). Each record also contains an abbreviated reference to
the source article.
CHEMFATE. Contains actual data derived from the literature pertinent to the fate of
over 465 representative chemicals listed in DATALOG. Categories of data include
chemical identification information (e.g., molecular formula, molecular weight, chemi-
cal name, synonyms); chemodynamic properties (e.g., log octanol/water partition
coefficient, log acid dissociation constant, soil adsorption, ultra-violet absorption,
vapor pressure, solubility in water); transport properties (e.g., bioconcentration,
evaporation from water, Henry's Law constant, soil column transport); laboratory
degradation data; and environmental measurements (e.g., air, biota, water and soil
monitoring, and data from field studies). Each record also includes the CAS
Registry Number, data type, reference to the source article, and a summary of ex-
perimental design, methods, and results.
B1OLOG. Contains citations to literature on microbial degradation and toxicity.
Records are organized by CAS Registry Number and by 6 categories.
Periodically, as new data become available
Syracuse Research Corporation
Syracuse Research Corporation
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NEWS
Subject: Environment
Type: Reference (Bibliographic)
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
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The data base is not a bibliographic or abstracting service, but rather an environ-
mental news alert. News stories appear weekly in the data bank, totalling ap-
proximately 15 new headlines each week. Events covered include committee recom-
mendations, activities, state and local actions, regulatory testing requirements, agen-
cy personnel changes and court rulings.
December 1981-present
Continuously
Occupational Health Services, Inc.
Occupational Health Services, Inc.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGEN INFORMATION CENTER (EMIC)
Subject:
Type:
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Genetic toxicology of chemicals
Bibliographic
Includes references indexed from journals, magazines, and professional presenta-
tions throughout the world. Contains approximately 60,000 references.
1968-present
Monthly
National Library of Medicine
ENVIRONMENTAL TERETOLOGY INFORMATION CENTER (ETIC)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
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Valuative of Chemical Physical-Biological Agents for Teratogenicity Activity
Bibliographic
Includes over 40,000 references pertaining to the biochemical agents for teretology.
1950-present
Monthly
National Library of Medicine
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DATA BANK (HSDB)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Producer:
Online Service:
HAZARDLINE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemical Data
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
This data base contains data on more than 4100 substances that are of known or
potential toxicity and to which substantial populations are exposed. Covers environ-
mental health, standards, and regulations, monitoring and analysis, and safety and
handling.
National Library of Medicine
National Library of Medicine
Chemistry-Properties; Environment; Toxicology
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Contains regulatory, health, and precautionary data on over 75,000 hazardous
chemicals. Includes chemical name; chemical formula; synonyms, including brand
and trade names; Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number; identification
number from the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (see RTECS);
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) UN/PLACARD number; U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) hazardous waste number; a physical description of the
substance; chemical and physical properties; incompatibility with other chemical
substances; emergency procedures in the event of personal contact; route of entry
of the substance into the body; permissible exposure levels, including carcinogenic,
mutagenic, and teratogenic data, CERCLA Hazard Ratings, EPA reportable quan-
tities, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acceptable daily intake and food toleran-
ces; level of danger to life or health; relevant federal regulations and abstracts of
state laws on hazardous materials, transportation, storage, and state right-to-know
laws; and guidelines and procedures for dealing with hazardous leaks, spills, and
waste disposal. Users can retrieve data on specific chemical substances by search-
ing on various criteria, including chemical name, synonym, keyword, chemical for-
mula, CAS Registry Number, RTECS number, or symptoms of exposure. Sources
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of data include (OSHA) and EPA standards and regulations, as weff as National In-
stitute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) criteria documents.
Most services, daily; Mead Data Central, quarterly
Occupational Health Services, Inc.
Bibliographic Retrieval System (BBS); Executive
TelecomSystem, Inc.; Mead Data Central
HEILBRON
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
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Chemistry-Properties
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Contains physical and chemical properties data on approximately 70,000 important
substances selected by a panel of experts. Includes molecular weight and formula;
melting, freezing, and boiling point; solubility; relative density; optical rotation; dis-
sociation constants; and Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, derivative
names, synonyms, and variant compounds.
Current information
Every 6 months
DIALOG
INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
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LEXIS
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Educational Materials and Institutions Concerning Water Resources
Reference (Bibliographic, Referral)
Contains citations, with abstracts, to educational and instructional materials (both
print and non-print) on water quality and water resources. Topics covered include
water quality, water resources, water pollution control, water treatment, waste dis-
posal, wastewater treatment, water quality monitoring, safety, standards, pesticides
and toxic substances.
1979-present
About 1300 records a year
CompuServe Consumer Information Service
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Court Cases and Actions
Full-Text
LEXIS contains the full-text court decisions for complete legal cases and relevant
text from a few pending cases. The court cases included in LEXIS are from both
federal and local levels taking place in the entire U.S. as well as internationally (court
cases from Great Britain and France are included). In addition to court case ac-
tions, LEXIS contains the full text of other legal-related non-case law material includ-
ing college law reviews, Commerce Clearinghouse Materials, American Bar Associa-
tion publications, and publications from the Bureau of National Affairs.
State court cases are from approximately 1976 to present;
federal court cases are from the 1800's to present.
An effort is under way to include court cases dating back to the mid 1700's.
As court cases are decided
Mead Data Central
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LOG P DATABASE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
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Chemistry-Properties
Non-bibliographic (Numeric)
Contains about 27,500 records providing partition coefficients (log P values) and re-
lated data for over 13,000 organic compounds in about 300 solvents. Includes com-
pound name, log P value, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, molecular
formula, chemical name, Wiswesser Line Notation (WIN), Acid Dissociation Con-
stant (PKA), and citations to source documents. Data can be used to predict
properties (e.g., absorption, solubility) and interactions of substances in chemical
and biological procedures and processes.
1965 to date
About 1250 records twice a year
Pomana College Medical Chemistry Project
Technical Database Services, Inc.
MASTER WATER DATA INDEX (MWDI)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Online Service:
MEDLTNE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Aquatic Sciences
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Contains about 500,000 sites throughout the U.S. from which water data (both sur-
face and ground) is collected. Site information includes: location, organization col-
lecting information, status of collection project and water quality parameter data.
The data base can be searched by geographical area, type of site, and lon-
gitude/latitude position.
1976-present
U.S. Geological Survey NAWDEX Program Office
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Medical
Bibliographic
MEDLINE contains approximately 600,000 references to biomedical journal articles
published in the current and two proceeding years. An English abstract, if published
with the article, is frequently included. The articles are from 3,000 journals
published in the U.S and to foreign countries, as well as from selected monographs.
1966-present
Monthly
National Library of Medicine
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL DATA REFERRAL SERVICE (NEDRES)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Environment; Information Systems & Services Directories
Reference (Bibliographic, Referral)
Contains over 13,000 descriptions of sources of publicly available environmental
data, collected by environmental satellites, oceanographic vessels, weather stations,
bouy, and environmental observers. Type of data sources covered include com-
puter readable data files, printed publications, data file documentation (e.g.,
manuals, code book), and organizations that provide environmental data. Covers
cHmatological, meteorological, oceanographic, geophysical, geological, geographic,
hydrological and limnological data. Each record includes title or name of data
source; descriptions of purpose and general characteristics of the data; data collec-
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tion methods; data processing and quality control; time period; geographic area;
names of observed or computed parameters and variables; general descriptors
such as chemical compound and biological organism names; availability of data
(e.g., contact person or organization and volume, media, and conditions of use);
principal investigator(s); program, project name or acronyms, and contract or grant;
processing organization (if different from contact); related publications; and dis-
cipline, type, and organization codes.
1974-present
Quarterly
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Environmental Data Referral Service
Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS)
NATIONAL GROUNDWATER INFORMATION CENTER DATA BASE (NGWIC)
Subject: Ground and Surface Water Use
Type: Bibliographic
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
The NGWIC data base contains references on the occurrence and utilization of sur-
face and ground water, and on water well technology. Indexed titles include trade
and technical journals and newsletters, books, and government documents. Be-
cause EPA established the National Groundwater Information Center, there is spe-
cial emphasis in the data base on EPA-sponsored reports.
Depends on the journal; some since 1890
Monthly
National Water Well Association
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY (NOES)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
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Exposure Assessment
Non-bibliographic
The content of this information resource is the same as the NOHS data base
described immediately below, except NOES covers the time frame 1981- 1983 and
NOHS covers 1970 -1974.
1981-1983
David Sundin, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(513) 684-4491
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD SURVEY (NOHS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Online Service:
Exposure Assessment
Non-bibliographic
The content of this data base, available on printout, lists either industries or occupa-
tions for which the NOHS indicated a potential exposure to the listed agents. The
survey data were collected during the period 1972 to 1974 from a sample of 4,636
businesses employing nearly 900,000 workers. Exposure estimates were derived
based on observed uses of a specific agent, and observed uses of a product known
or suspected to contain an agent.
1970-1974
David Sundin, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
(513) 684-4491
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NATIONAL PESTICIDE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (NPIRS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Producer:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Pesticide Chemical and Registration Data
Non-bibliographic
This data base contains information that describes the key characteristics of pes-
ticides. Included are approximately 50,000 products registered by the EPA as well
as thousands of state registrations. One valuable source of information about pes-
ticides that is available on-line through NPIRS is the Pesticide Fact Sheets. These
fact sheets are prepared as new pesticides are first registered, or as registration
standards or special reviews are completed for old pesticides. Each fact sheet sum-
marizes the following characteristics of a pesticide chemical: chemical description
and characteristics; use patterns and formulations; toxicological characteristics;
physiological and behavioral characteristics; environmental fate and effects; ground-
water concerns; food residue tolerances; reported incidents; EPA's regulatory posi-
tion and supporting rationale; and major gaps in the supporting data base.
Purdue University
1982-present
Weekly
Martin Marietta Data Systems
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Science & Technology
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains over 1 million citations, most with abstracts, to unrestricted technical
reports from U.S. and non U.S. government-sponsored research, development, and
engineering analyses. The unpublished U.S. reports are prepared by federal, state,
and local agencies and their contractors or grantees. Major areas covered include
the biological, social, and physical sciences, mathematics, engineering, and busi-
ness information. Includes announcements of computer-readable software and data
flies, U.S. Government-owned inventions, selected reprints, federally sponsored
translations, and some non-English language reports.
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
1974-present
About 5000 records a month
Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS); CISTI; DIALOG;
Mead Data Central; Systems Development Corporation (SDC)
Information Services: TECH DATA (a special BRS)
NEXIS
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Business News
Full Text
NEXIS is a full-text data base containing current business news from printed sour-
ces such as magazines (e.g., Business Week), newspapers (e.g., the New York
Times and Washington Post), newsletters, and government documents.
Generally from 1975 to present, but this may vary for particular publications
Daily or weekly depending on the timing of different publications
Mead Data Central
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Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Toxicology
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains more than 100,000 bibliographic citations and abstracts of occupational
safety and health materials pertaining mainly to toxicology. Input is gathered from
U.S. and foreign literature, the personnel files of several distinguished people in the
fields, and foreign trade.
1975-present
About 500 to 1,000 records a month
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (OHS-MSDS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Online Service:
Chemical and Safety Information
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
This data base contains chemical and safety information required by the Occupation-
al Safety and Health Administration for more than 75,000 substances. Includes sub-
stance identification, physical data, fire and explosion data, toxicity and health ef-
fects, and spill and leak procedures.
Occupational Health Services, Inc.
OSHA COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION SYSTEM (OCIS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Industrial Chemicals
Search System
The system contains 17 separate data bases covering a wide range of subjects.
Files include results of laboratory samples, hazardous waste site activities, and in-
dustrial activities. Also included in the data bases are references, letters of cor-
respondence between OSHA and industries, and records of industrial chemical ac-
tivities. Total references are approximately 275,000.
1981-present
Monthly
OSHA Analytical Laboratory
PASCAL
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Physical, Earth, and Life Sciences; Engineering Science
Bibliographic
PASCAL is a multidisciplinary data base containing over 5 million citations. Subjects
include physical science (e.g., atoms and molecules; general physical, analytical, in-
organic, and organic chemistry), earth science (e.g., stratigraphy and hydrology),
life sciences (e.g., human diseases, genetics, and animal biology), and engineering
science (e.g., pollution, mechanical industries, and transportation). PASCAL is a
French database, but over 70 percent of the citations are in English.
1973-present
Approximately 500,000 new citations each year.
Centre de Documentation Scientifique et Technique
Questel, Inc.
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POLLUTION ABSTRACTS
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Pollution Research, Sources, and Controls
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains citations, with abstracts, to the worldwide technical and non-technical litera-
ture on pollution research, sources, and controls. Covers air, water, land, thermal,
noise, and radiological pollution; pesticides; sewage and waste treatment; environ-
mental action; and toxicity and health.
1970-present
Most services, about 1500 records every 2 months; BRS, monthly
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS); DIALOG
POPULATION INFORMATION ONLINE (TOPLINE)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
PROFILE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Population/Demography
Bibliographic
POPLINE contains about 147,200 citations and abstracts to journal articles,
monographs, and technical reports in the field of population, including basic re-
search in demography.
1970-present
Monthly
National Library of Medicine
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Toxicology
Non-bibliographic
PROFILE was developed to provide a structured method for abstracting, storing,
and retrieving toxicological data. It contains chemicals found in the urban atmos-
phere, water, coal, and as environmental pollutants; including many organic com-
pounds but less than ten inorganic compounds, pesticides, and metals. PROFILE
data records contain information on a total of about 300 chemicals.
1981-present
Updated as results of new literature searches are completed.
Systems Application, Inc.
REGISTRY NOMENCLATURE AND STRUCTURE SERVICE (RNSS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemistry-Structure & Nomenclature
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Contains data that are based on the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry
Nomenclature and Structure Service, an authority file of names and structural data
that have been registered by CAS. The coverage and size of the data bases on
each online service are somewhat different, but entries have in common the follow-
ing data items: full nomenclature and synonyms; substructure search via nomencla-
ture; preferred, alternate, replaced, and replacing Registry Numbers; molecular for-
mula; and ring system information. The data bases available through RNSS include:
CHEMDEX. Covers all substances cited in Chemical Abstracts, 1972 to date.
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CHENILINE. Covers substances appearing with a CAS Registry Number in any Na-
tional Library of Medicine data base or in the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
Inventory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Each entry contains the in-
formation listed above, as well as locators pointing to the data bases in which the
substance is referenced.
CHEMNAME. Covers substances that have been cited 2 or more times in Chemical
Abstracts, from 1967 to date. Additional search terms generated by DIALOG specifi-
cally for CHEMNAME are also included.
CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE.
from 1967 to date.
Covers all substances cited in Chemical Abstracts
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REGISTRY OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES (RTECS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Toxicology
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Contains over 110,000 unevaluated toxicological measurements pertaining to ap-
proximately 73,000 chemicals. Each entry contains the Chemical Abstracts Service
(CAS) name and registry number, synonyms, molecular formula, and one or more
measures of toxicity, including acute and chronic in-vivo data, in-vitro mutagenesis
data, and skin and eye irritation data.
Quarterly
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health
Chemical Information System, Inc., (CIS)
SOILS INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS (SIRS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Updating:
Online Service:
Soil Characteristics
Reference (Bibliographic); Non-bibliographic (Textual Numeric)
Contains 20,000 records compiled from the Soil Conservation Service's reports On
the characteristics and interpretive properties of all soils in the United States. Ex-
amples of soil information include use restrictions, potential habitat, description of
soil and much more. Information is organized only by soil series.
About 4000 revisions a month
ETIS
STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE SEARCH SYSTEM (SANSS)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Chemical Properties
Indexing System
SANSS is a component of the NIH/EPA Chemical Information System (CIS), and ser-
ves as an index to most of the other CIS components as well to over 100 other im-
portant sources of information on environmentally significant chemicals. These sour-
ces include EPA reports, state documents, and international lists. Included for each
chemical are names, synonyms, molecular formulas, and structural images.
Online Service:
Chemical Information System (CIS), Information Sciences Corporation
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Toxicology
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
Contains data on more than 4,100 substances that are of known or potential toxicity
and to which substantial populations are exposed. Approximately 96 data elements
are grouped into several classes of information, including:
Substance Identification Information. Includes Chemical Abstracts Service Name
and Registry Number, synonyms, and molecular formula. Manufacturing/Use Infor-
mation. Includes probable method of manufacture, manufacturers, major uses, and
production data. Chemical and Physical Properties. Includes boiling point, melting
point, and solubility.
Manufacturing/Use Information. Includes probable method of manufacture,
manufacturers, major uses, and production data.
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Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Chemical and Physical Properties. Includes boiling point, melting point and
solubility.
Toxicity/Biomedical Effects. Includes human and non-human toxicity, minimum
fatal dose, antidote and emergency treatment, and pharmacokinetics.
Environmental Fate/Exposure Potential Information. Includes average daily in-
take, probable routes of human exposure, and body burden.
Monitoring and Analysis Methods. Includes sampling procedures, analytic proce-
dures, and clinical laboratory methods.
Additional references. Includes special reports and test status. Information has
been extracted from the published literature and reviewed by subject specialists
before being entered into the database. The sources used are listed in the record
so that users can obtain more detailed information from these original sources.
About 200 new and revised records a quarter
National Library of Medicine
National Library of Medicine
TOXLINE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Biomedicine; Pesticides; Toxicology
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains citations, with abstracts, to the literature in all areas of toxicology, includ-
ing chemicals and Pharmaceuticals, pesticides, environmental pollutants and
mutagens, and teratology. Comprises discrete files. \
Abstracts On Health Effects Of Environmental Pollutants' (HEEP). Contains
records from the BIOSIS PREVIEWS database. Covers effects of environmental
chemicals or substances, other than medicinals, on human health.
Chemical-Biological Activities (CBAC). Contains records from Chemical
Abstracts that cover interactions of chemical substances with biological systems in-
vivo and in-vitro. All records contain CAS registry numbers.
Hayes File On Pesticides. Contains citations to published articles on health
aspects of pesticides. Is essentially a backfile for Pesticides Abstracts (see below).
Does not include abstracts (1940-1968).
Hazardous Materials Technical Center Bulletin (HMTC). Contains citations to
published literature on the management of hazardous materials, including disposal,
storage, and transportation.
Pesticides Abstracts. Corresponds to a publication, formerly known as Health
Aspects of Pesticide Abstract Bulletin (HAPAB), prepared on the epidemiological ef-
fects of pesticides on humans, from more than 1000 journals published in the U.S.
and other countries.
Toxic Materials Information Center File (TM1C). Contains citations and abstracts
on toxic materials prepared by the TMIC. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1940 to
1973).
Toxicity Bibliography. Is a subset of the MEDLINE database. Covers adverse ef-
fects, toxicity, or poisoning caused by drugs and chemicals, as well as disease con-
ditions induced by chemical substances. All records contain Chemical Abstracts
Service Registry Numbers (1965 to date).
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Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Toxicology/Epidemiology Research Projects (RPROJ). Contains descriptions of
research projects supported by research grants and contracts programs of the
Public Health Service, or conducted intramurally by the U.S. National Institutes of
Health (NIH) and the National Institute of Mental Health in the areas of toxicology
and epidemiology.
Toxicology Document and Data Depository (TD3). Contains citations to the
report literature dealing with toxicology and related subjects. Information is ob-
tained from the NTIS database (1979 to date).
Varies by file
About 12,000 records a month
National Library of Medicine
National Library of Medicine
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
Waste Management; Resource Recovery
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains citations, with abstracts, to the worldwide literature covering solid, liquid,
hazardous, and nuclear waste management; water quality; toxic substances; land
reclamation; and resources recovery. Emphasis in these areas is on air pollution,
agricultural engineering, civil engineering, food science, geology, and nuclear
science. Sources include government reports, journal articles, monographs,
proceedings, news items, patents, and other databases.
March 1971-present
Every 2 weeks, about 30,000 records a year
International Research & Evaluation
WATER DATA SOURCES DIRECTORY (WDSD)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Updating:
Producer:
Aquatic Sciences
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains information on over 700 organizations that are water data users and collec-
tors. Organizations include consultants, businesses, universities and governmental
agencies. Data includes background information on each listing, and the name, ad-
dress and phone number of a contact person in each organization. WDSD can be
searched by geographical area, agency code, or multistate organizations.
Continuously
U.S. Geological Survey NAWDEX Program Office
WATER DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM fWATSTORE)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Aquatic Sciences and Water Resources
Non-bibliographic (Textual-Numeric)
This database stores the hydrologic data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at
more than 70,000 water sites nationwide. The system consists of several files. The
Station Header File contains identification, location and physical descriptions of
sites for which data is stored. The Daily Values Files contains river stages,
streamflow values, water temperatures, specific conductance values, sediment con-
centrations and discharges, and other parameters that are measured on a daily
schedule. The Peak Flow File contains peak streamflow and stage values for sur-
face water sites. The Unit Values File contains stream discharge values, tempera-
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Updating:
Producer:
tures, and other parameters that are measured on a schedule more frequently than
daily. The Water Quantity File contains results of chemical, physical, biological and
radiochemical analyses for both surface and ground waters. The Ground-Water
Site Inventory File contains inventory information such as site location and iden-
tification data, well-construction data, geohydrologic characteristics, and other data
pertinent to wells, springs, and other sources of ground water.
Frequently
U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Exchange Office
WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Aquatic Sciences; Water Resources
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains about 180,000 citations, with abstracts, to scientific and technical literature
on the water-resource-related aspects of the physical, social, and life sciences. Also
covers related engineering and legal aspects of the characteristics, conservation,
control, use, and management of water resources. Topics covered include the na-
ture of water and water cycles; water quality management and protection; and water
resources planning.
1968 to date
About 500 records a month
U.S. Geological Survey
DIALOG; U.S. Department of Energy (RECON)
WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTERS (WRSIQ
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Online Service:
WATERLINE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Aquatic Sciences
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains 140,000 abstracts, indexes and citations to materials in the following fields:
nature of water; resources data; watercycles; engineering works; water supply aug-
mentation and conservation; water quality management, control and protection;
manpower, grants and facilities; and scientific and technical information. WRSIC
also maintains a data base of information about current water resources projects.
1968-present
About 10,000 records a month
DOE (RECON); DIALOG (File 17)
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Ground-Water Quality and Quantity
Full Text
Provides access to a wide variety of information on the quality and quantity of U.S.
ground-water resources. Includes full text of relevant state and federal regulations
covering ground water leasing and public information brochures on ground water.
Irregularly
National Water Well Association
CompuServe Consumer Information Service
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WATERNET
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Water Quality
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains citations, with abstracts, to literature on water quality, analytical proce-
dures for water quality testing, water system materials, and environmental issues re-
lated to water. Includes these specific topics: the drinking water industry, water pol-
lution, health effects, toxicology. Items are selected from books, conference
proceedings, journals, newsletters, standards, handbooks, water quality standard
test methods.
1971-present
Quarterly; about 5000 records a year
American Water Works Association
DIALOG
WETLAND VALUES BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Time Span:
Updating:
Producer:
Online Service:
Aquatic Sciences; Wetlands
Reference (Bibliographic)
Contains approximately 4000 citations, with abstracts, to literature on functions and
values of wetlands in the U.S. Covers food chain, habitat, human use, hydrologic
and water quality values, as well as wetland value assessment techniques, and re-
lated bibliographies.
1950-present
Monthly
U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, U.S. Dept. of the Interior
U.S. Department of Energy
3.3 ADDRESSES OF ONLINE SERVICES AND PRODUCERS
This section contains an alphabetical listing of online services and the producers of the data bases
described above.
American Water Work Association
Technical Library
6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235
Telephone: (303)794-7711
Telex: 45-0895
American Chemical Society
115516th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036
Telephone: (202) 872-8066; (800) 424-6767
Telex: 440159 ACSPUI
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Bibliographic Retrieval System (BRS)
1200 Route 7, Latham, NY 12110
Telephone: (518) 783-1161; (800) 227-5277; (800) 553 5566 (N.Y only)
TWX: (710) 444-4965 .
Bureau of Law and Business, Inc.
64 Wall Street, Madison, CT 06443
Telephone: (203)245-7448
The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.
Data Base Publishing Unit
1231 25th Street, NW
Washington, D.C. 20037
Telephone: (202) 452-4132; (800) 862-4636
Telex: 892692
Business Publishers, Inc.
951 Pershing Drive
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Telephone: (301) 587-6300
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
5161 River Road
Bethesda, MD 20816
Telephone: (301) 951-1400; (800) 638-8076
Telex: 898452 DISCING BHDA
Chemical Abstracts Service
2540 Olentangy River Road
P.O. Box 3012
Columbus, OH 43210
Telephone: (614) 421-3600; (800) 848-6533
Telex: 6842086 CHMAB
TWX: (810)482-1608
Chemical Information System, Inc.
Computer Sciences Corporation
P.O. Box 2227
6565 Arlington Blvd.
Falls Church, VA 22046
Telephone: (703) 237-2000
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ChemShare Corporation
P.O. Box 1885
Houston, TX 77001
Telephone: (713) 627-8945
CISTI
Client Services CAN/OLE and CAN/SDI
National Research Council Canada
Ottawa, Ontario K1A OS2
Canada
Telephone: (613)993-1210
Telex: 0533115
CompuServe Consumer Information Service
5000 Arlington Centre Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43220
Telephone: (614) 457-8600; (800) 848-8990
Control Data Corporation
P.O. Box O
Minneapolis, MN 55440
Telephone: (612) 853-8100; (800) 328-1870
DIALOG Information Services, Inc.
3460 Hillview Avenue
Palo Alto, CA 94304
Telephone: (415) 858-3785; (800) 334-2564
Telex: 334499 DIALOG
TWX: (910)339-9221
ElC/Intelligence Inc.
48 West 38th Street
New York, NY 10018
Telephone: (212) 944-8500; (800) 223-6275
Telex: 668298
Environmental Quality
Instructional Resources Center
The Ohio State University
1200 Chambers Road, Room 310
Columbus, OH 43212
Telephone: (614) 422-6717
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Environmental Studies Institute
2074 Alameda Padre Serra
Santa Barbara, CA 93103
Telephone: (805) 965-5010
Executive Information Service
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
P.O. Box 437
One Wiley Drive
Somerset, NJ 08873
Telephone: (212) 850-6360
Executive Telecom System, Inc.
9585 Valparaiso Court
Indianapolis, IN 46268
Telephone: (317) 872-2045; (800) 421-8884
General Electric Information Services Company
401 North Washington Street
Rockvffle, MD 20850
Telephone: (301)340-4000
Telex: 898431
Hydrocomp, Inc.
201 San Antonio Circle
Mountain View, CA 94040
Telephone: (415) 948-3919
Telex: 348357
Information Consultants, Inc.
1133 15th Street, N.W.
Suite 300
Washington, D.C. 20005
Telephone: (202) 822-5200
Information Sciences Corporation
2135 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20007
Telephone: (202)298-6200
International Research and Evaluation
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21098 IRE Control Center
Eagan,MN 55121
Telephone: (612)888-9635
Telex: 29-1008
Martin Marietta Data Systems
6303 Ivy Lane
Greenbelt, MD 20770
Telephone: (301) 982-6500
Mead Data Central
P.O. Box 933
Dayton, OH 45401
Telephone: (513) 859-1611; (800) 227-4908
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Toxicology Research and Testing Service
MD 18-01, P.O. Box 12233
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Telephone: (919) 541-3418
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226
Telephone: (513)684-4491
National Library of Medicine
Toxicology Information Program
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda,MD 20209
Telephone: (301) 496-6193
National Technical Information Service
Database Services Division
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: (703)487-4807
Telex: 899405
National Water Well Association
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500 West "Wilson Bridge Road
Worthington, OH 43085
Telephone: (614) 761-1711
NewsNet, Inc.
945 Haverford Road
BrynMawr, PA 19010
Telephone: (215) 527-8030; (800) 345-1301
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Environmental Mutagen Information Center
Building 9224
P.O. Box Y
Oak Ridge, TN 37831
Telephone: (615) 574-7871
Occupational Health Services, Inc.
400 Plaza Drive
P.O. Box 1505
Secaucus, NJ 07094
Telephone: (201) 865-7500; (800) 223-8978
Telex: 4754124
OSHA Analytical Laboratory
P.O. Box 15200
1781S. 300 West
Salt Lake City, UT 84115
Telephone: FTS-588-4270; (801) 524-4270
Pomona College Medicinal Chemistry Project
Seaver Chemistry Laboratory
Claremont, CA 91711
Telephone: (714) 621-8000
Questel, Inc.
1625 Eye Street, N W.
Suite 719
Washington, D.C. 20006
Telephone: (202) 296-1604; (800) 424-9600
Science Applications International Corporation
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Health and Environmental Information
300 South Tulare Avenue
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Telephone: (615) 576-6024
Systems Development Corporation (SDC) Information Services
2500 Colorado Avenue
Santa Monica, CA 90406
Telephone: (213) 453-6194; (800) 421-7229; (800) 352 6689 (in CA)
Telex: 652358
TWX: (910)343-6643
Sigma Data Services Corp.
5515 Security Lane
Rockville,MD 20852
Telephone: (301)231-0644
Telex: 898435
State of Michigan
Department of Natural Resources
Office of Materials Control
P.O. Box 30028
Lansing, MI 48909
Telephone: (517) 373-2190
STN International
c/o Chemical Abstracts Service
2540 Olentangy River Road
P.O. Box 3012
Columbus, OH 43210
Telephone: (614) 421-3600; (800) 848-6533
Telex: 6842086 CHMAB
TWX: (810)482-1608
Syracuse Research Corporation
Merrill Lane
Syracuse, NY 13210
Telephone: (315)425-5100
Technical Database Services, Inc.
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10 Columbus Circle, Suite 2300
New York, NY 10019
Telephone: (212) 245-0044
Telex: 238790 NYK
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Waterways Experiment Stations
Environmental Lab
P.O. Box 631
Vicksburg, MS 39180
Telephone: (601) 634-3774
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
National Agriculture Library
Information Systems Division
Room 203
Beltsville, MD 20705
Telephone: (301)344-3813
TWX: (710) 828-0506 USDA NAL
U.S. Dept. of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
P.O. Box 62
Oak Ridge, TN 37831
U.S. Dept. of Energy
RECON
P.O. Box 62
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Telephone: (615) 576-1303
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
Public Health Service
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226
Telephone: (513) 684-8317
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
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Office of Analysis and Epidemiology
300 East-West Highway, RM 27
Hyattsville, MD 20782
Telephone: (301)436-7035
U.S. Dept. of the Interior
Geological Survey
Water Resources Scientific Information Center
425 National Center
Reston,VA 22902
Telephone: (703) 860-7455
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
CIS Project
PM-218
401M Street, SW
Washington, D.C. 20460
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Air Pollution Technical Information Center
Library MD-35
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Telephone: (919) 541-2777
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Emergency Response Division
401M Street, SW
Washington, D.C. 20460
Telephone: (202) 382-7933; (800) 368-3432
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Chemical Information Branch
401M Street, SW, MS-TS793
Washington, D.C. 20460
Telephone: (202) 382-3524; (800) 424-9065
Telex: 892758
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
200 C Street, SW
Washington, D.C. 20204
U.S. Geological Survey
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NAWDEX Program Office and
Water Data Exchange Office
421 National Center
Reston, VA 22092
Telephone: (703) 648-5677
U.S. National Institutes of Health
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20205
Telephone: (301) 496-4235
3.4 ACCESS TO DATA BASES THROUGH EPA LIBRARIES
Several of the data bases cited in Sections 3.1 and 3.2 may be accessed through the EPA Library Sys-
tem, which consists of a total of 28 different libraries located at EPA Headquarters, Regional Offices, and
Laboratories. Upon request from EPA employees, the libraries can perform searches of those data bases
for which they have access at no cost to the employee. This section lists which data bases may be sear-
ched through each of the EPA libraries.7 In general, it is necessary to contact the office responsible for a
particular data base in order to make arrangements for accessing EPA data bases. Information in this sec-
tion is based on results of a survey completed in October, 1985 by EPA's Information Management and Ser-
vices Division, Information Services Branch.
Some of the data bases listed below are individual data bases (e.g., HAZARDLINE) and additional infor-
mation on each of these is presented in Sections 3.1 or 3.2 under the respective data base names Other
data bases listed below are actually the names of collections of data bases available through non-EPA on-
line services (e.g., DIALOG and BBS data bases). An exhaustive list of all the individual data bases making
up these various data base collections is not provided in this Directory. However, Section 3.2 does provide
additional information on some of these individual data bases, which are identified in Section 3 2 as beina
available through the particular online service of interest.
Athens Environmental Research Laboratory Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
Address: College Station Road
Athens, GA 30613
(FTS) 8-250-3324
gtrthere are certain EPA data bases that may be accessed through EPA libraries (e.g., GEMS and
PDMS), the libraries primarily provide access to non-EPA data bases. In general, it is necessary to contact
the office responsible for a particular data base in order to make arrangements for accessing EPA data
D3SGS.
3-49
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Central Regional Laboratory Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
NGWIC
Address: 839 Bestgate Road
Annapolis, MD 21401
(FTS) 8-922-3752
Cincinnati Environmental Research Center Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
CAS ONLINE
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
HAZARDLINE
National Library of Medicine Data Bases
NGWIC
Address: 26 West St. Clair Street
Cincinnati, OH 45268
(FTS) 8-684-7701
Note:
The Las Vegas Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory Library conducts data base
searches through the Cincinnati Library.
Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
CIS
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
NGWIC
National Library of Medicine Data Bases
U.S. DOE (RECON)
Address: 200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97330
(FTS) 8-420-4731
Diilutli Environmental Research Laboratory Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
Address: 6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth,MN 55804
(FTS) 8-783-9538
3-50
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Gvflt Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory Library
Non-EPA Data Bases
Dialog Information Services, Inc. Data Bases National
Library of Medicine Data Bases NGWIC
Address: Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
(FTS) 8-686-9011
Headquarters Law Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
NEXIS
NGWIC
Address: 401M St. SW, Room 2902
Washington, D.C. 20460
(FTS) 8-382-5919
Headquarters Main Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3-2):
CAS ONLINE
CIS
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
HAZARDLINE
NEXIS/LEXIS
NGWIC
News Net, Inc. Data Bases
Address: 401M St. SW, Room M2904
Washington, D.C. 20460
(FTS) 8-382-5922
Headquarters Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Library
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
GEMS
PDMS
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
CAS ONLINE
CIS
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
HAZARDLINE
NGWIC
NEXIS
3-51
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National Library of Medicine Data Bases
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
Systems Development Corporation Data Bases
Address: Systems Development Corporation Data Bases
401M St. SW, Room E447
Washington, D.C. 20460
(FTS) 8-382-3568
Nnrraeansett Environmental Research Laboratory Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
NGWIC
Address: South Ferry Road
Narragansett, RI 02882
(FTS) 8-838-5087; Ext. 265 or 268
National Enforcement Investigation Center Library
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
OHM-TADS
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
CAS ONLINE
CIS
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
HAZARDLINE
News Net, Inc. Data Bases
NEXIS
NGWIC
National Library of Medicine Data Bases
Address: Building 53, Box 25227
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
(FTS) 8-234-5765
Region 1 Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
CAS ONLINE
CIS
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
NGWIC
3-52
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National Library of Medicine Data Bases
Address: JFK Federal Building, Room 2100-B
Boston, MA 02203
(FTS) 8-223-5791
Region 2 Field Office Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
NGWIC
Address: Edison, NT 08813
(FTS) 8-340-6762
Region 2 Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
NGWIC
Address: 26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
(FTS) 8-264-2881
Region 3 Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
CIS
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
HAZARDLINE
National Library of Medicine Data Bases
NGWIC
OHS-MSDS
Address: Curtis Building, 3PM24
6th and Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, PA 19106
(FTS) 8-597-0580
Region 4 Library
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
GEMS
PDMS
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
CAS ONLINE
CIS
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
HAZARDLINE
3-53
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NGWIC
NEXIS
National Library of Medicine Data Bases
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
Systems Development Corporation Data Bases
Address: 345 Courtland Street NE
Atlanta, GA 30365
(FTS) 8-257-4216
Region 5 Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
CIS
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
NEXIS
NGWIC
Systems Development Corporation Data Bases
Address: 230 South Dearborn St, Room 1420
Chicago, IL 60604
(FTS) 8-353-2022
Region 6 Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
NGWIC
Address: 1201 Elm Street
First International Building
Dallas, XX 75270
(FTS) 8-729-7341
Region 7 Library
Non-EPA Data (see Section 3.2):
NEXIS
NGWIC
Address: 324 East llth Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
(FTS) 8-758-3497
3-54
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Region 8 Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
NGWIC
Address: 1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, CO 80295
(FTS) 8-327-2560
Region 9 Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
CIS
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
NGWIC
OHS-MSDS
Address: 215 Fremont Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
(FTS) 8-454-8255
Region 10 Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
CIS
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
NGWIC
NEXIS
NLM
Address: Region 10 Information Center, M/S 541
1200 Sixth Ave.
Seattle, WA 98101
(FTS) 8-399-1289
Research Triangle Park Library
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1):
OHM-TADS
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
Bibliographic Retrieval System Data Bases
CAS ONLINE
CIS
DIALOG Information Services, Inc. Data Bases
HAZARDLINE
NGWIC
National Library of Medicine Data Bases
3-55
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Address:
Note:
Library Services, MD-35
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(FTS) 8-629-2777
There are two other libraries at the Research Triangle Park facility: The Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards Library and the Meteorology Division Library.
Neither of these two libraries have online access to data bases.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory Library
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2):
CIS
NGWIC
Address: P.O. Box 1198
Ada, OK 74820
(FTS) 8-743-2241
3-56
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CHAPTER 4
DATA FILES AND TAPES
This chapter contains brief descriptions of the data files and tapes cited in Chapter 2. For the purposes
of this Directory a collection of information is designated a data file rather than a data base if: (1) the data
is stored in a manual file and not retrievable through a computerized system; (2) the information it contains
is the result of a distinct, one-time data collection effort (e.g., environmental radiation data collected follow-
ing the accident at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor); or (3) the data contained are no longer being ac-
tively updated. A data tape is considered a set of data stored on magnetic tape which is not accessible
through any online service.
The chapter is organized with EPA data files and tapes presented in Section 4.1, and data files and
tapes available through other organizations presented in Section 4.2. The citation for each data file and tape
includes a brief description of the file/tape content, format, and availability. A point of contact for additional
information (EPA Office, other government agency, responsible person's name, or commercial information
service) is also provided for each data file and tape. Section 4.3 provides the addresses of all contacts men-
tioned in the included descriptions.
4.1 EPA DATA FILES AND TAPES
CANAL
see LOVE CANAL AND DATA HANDLING SYSTEM
CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Contact:
Body-Burden Data
Non-bibliographic
This comprehensive data source includes information on chemicals that have been
identified in human tissues and bodily fluids and wild animal populations. This con-
tinuing acquisition is intended to facilitate a more relevant assessment of human ex-
posure to xenobiotics by providing a centralized source of body burden data. The
data base is published on an annual basis in tabular format with indices and chemi-
cal listings that allow for specific searching. The 1984 version contains 1,900 cita-
tions covering 1,600 chemicals in human populations and 5,800 chemicals
animals.
Cindy Stroup,
FTS 8-382-3891
Exposure Evaluation Division
in
COMMUNITY HEALTH AIR MONITORING PROGRAM (CHAMPA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Ambient Air Monitoring Data
Non-bibliographic
CHAMP contains ambient air monitoring results, in terms of five minute values and
hourly averages with peak five minute values, for 16 parameters. The data were col-
lected to support epidemiological studies in approximately 21 cities.
4-1
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Contact:
Jose Sune,
FTS 8-629-3127
Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
EFFECTS DATA
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Contact:
Experimental data on compounds
Non-bibliographic
This data file contains experimental results obtained by the Fish and Wildlife Service
Lab in Denver, Colorado under the Sponsorship of OTS. Included are approximate-
ly 5,000 experimental results on 1,850 compounds.
Charles Aver
FTS 8-382-3464
Health and Environmental Review Division
ECOTOXICQLOGICAL DATA ON ETHQXYLATED SURFACTANTS (ETHOX)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Contact:
Acute and Chronic Toxicity
Non-bibliographic
This manual data base contains acute and chronic toxicity data for ethoxylated sur-
factants The data are sorted according to chemical structure features of the
various chemicals including number of carbons, number of Ethoxylate units, and ter-
minal functional group. Most of the data are on acute toxicity for aquatic species, al-
though there are some data on chronic toxicity for terrestrial species (e.g., crabs).
Approximately 400 records are included in the data base, most of which are un-
published data supplied by the Shell Oil Company.
Richard G. Clements
FTS 8-382-4270
Office of Toxic Substances
EPA BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA FILE
Content. ^ ^^ ^ contains citations, with abstracts, for all U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and its predecessor agencies report entered into the NTIS collection.
Availability:
Contact:
NTIS, CP T02, mag tape. Source tape is in COSATI character set.
Character set restricts preparation to 9 track one half inch tape only.
NTIS
EPIDEMIOLQGICAL STUDIES (EPID)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Contact:
Exposure Assessment
Non-bibliographic
The EPID system contains data extracted from questionnaire responses from popula-
tion surveys of health status. These data are concerned with acute respiratory dis-
ease incidence, asthma attack frequency, and physiologic monitoring results.
General environmental data are also contained in the system including demographic
information, socio-economic characteristics, and ambient air quality data.
William Nelson,
FTS 8-629-2330
Office of Health Research
4-2
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FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Contact:
Exposure Assessment
Non-bibliographic
This source of information is a hardcopy file of all exposure assessments done by
the Office of Toxic Substances, Chemical Engineering Branch, of Chemicals being
considered for regulatory action under TSCA sections 4 and 6. The file consists of
internal reports and contractor studies. Reports generally cover workplace ex-
posure and/or estimates of releases to the environment from industrial/commercial
facilities. The file covers about 40 chemicals/classes.
R. Craig Matthiessen,
FTS 8-382-3694
Office of Toxic Substances
GASTRO-INTESTINAL EFFECTS LITERATriRR
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Gastro-lntestinal Effects
Bibliographic
OTS's Health and Environmental Review Division (HERD) has developed a compila-
tion of reports of gastro-intestinal effects of chemicals extracted from the open litera-
ture. This data file consists of 6,000 records covering approximately 2,000 chemi-
cals.
Holder:
Responsible Person:
FTS Phone:
ITS CHEMICAL SCORES
Office of Toxic Substances, HERD
David Gould
8-382-3399
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Contact:
Biological Effects of Chemicals
Non-bibliographic
An Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) has used a scoring system since 1977 to
aid in the selection of chemicals to be recommended for testing. The scoring sys-
tem is used to rank chemicals on the basis of their exposure and biological effects
potential. Such a system ranks the chemicals and allows those of highest priority to
be selected for detailed review and consideration by the Committee. To date there
have been three rounds of scoring covering thousands of chemicals.
Robert Brink
FTS 8-382-3820
Office of Toxic Substances
LOVE CANAL AND DATA HANDLING SYSTEM (CANALS
Subject: Environmental Monitoring Data
Type: Non-bibliographic
Content:
This data base contains all of the data collected in the course of intensive monitor-
ing done in the fall of 1980 in the Love Canal, New York area.
Contact:
Steve Bromberg,
FTS 8-629-2919
Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
4-3
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NATIONAL HUMAN MILK MONITORING PROGRAM (NHMP)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Contact:
Milk Sampling Data
Non-bibliographic
This data base contains concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and
PCB residues found in human milk samples provided by about 3,000 volunteers ran-
domly selected from the entire continental U.S.
Jerome Blondell,
FTS 8-557-0320
Office of Pesticide Programs
OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (OHM-SIRS)
Content:
Included are 10,600 records of data on such items as: names of materials spilled;
location and date of spill occurrence; quantity spilled and quantity entering water;
source of spill; cause of spill; damages caused by spill; actions taken and by whom;
and, comments for the period July 1, 1972 to December 31, 1974.
Availability:
Contact:
NTIS, CP TOI, 1 reel mag tape.
Available only in 9 track, 1600 bpi, odd parity, EBCDIC.
NTIS
POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS
Subject: Chemical Health Risks
Type: Manual File of Chemical Information
Content:
Contact:
This source contains notifications required of manufacturers who receive or possess
information which reasonably supports a conclusion that a chemical presents a sub-
stantial risk. As of January 1986, OTS had received 580 notifications. In addition,
OTS has received 470 other notifications, on a For Your Information (FYI) basis, that
did not specifically cite Section 8(e). Currently, about 40-50 section 8(e) notifica-
tions are received a year.
David Williams,
FTS 8-382-3468
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division
RESOURCE CONSERVATION RECOVERY ACT NOTIFICATION DATA FILE
Content:
This file contains data compiled for the Resource Conservation Recovery Act. EPA
Form 8700-12, Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity, was used to collect the
data. The file was updated with information compiled from Applications for Hazar-
dous Waste Permits, EPA Form 3510-3. The data includes names and addresses of
facility owners and operators, as well as facility contacts names and phone num-
bers. The data indicates whether a facility is a generator, treatment, storage or dis-
posal facility, and/or transporter of hazardous waste. Code numbers of waste hand-
led, taken from 40 CFR Part 261, are also listed.
Availability:
Contact:
NTIS, CP T02, mag tape. Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set.
Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording modes
for one-half inch tape.
NTIS
4-4
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STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF AEROMETRIC DATA (SAROAD). National Air Data Branch
Content:
SAROAD is a storage and retrieval system for air quality data. Data are reported to
EPA by the states from about 4,000 reporting facilities nationally. Criteria pollutants
are well covered, though not all pollutants are monitored at all sites.
Contact:
Jake Summers,
National Air Data Branch,
U.S. EPA
SURVEY METER AND HISTORICAL DOSIMETRY DATA BASE (SM/HD)
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Contact:
Gamma Radiation Measurements
Non-bibliographic
This data base contains gamma radiation measurements taken in the 1950's and
1960's as part of a surveillance of the Nevada Nuclear Weapons Test Site.
Geographic areas included in the surveillance include Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Idaho,
and California.
Gilbert Potter,
FTS 8-545-2321
Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
THREE MILE ISLAND ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION (TMI RAD>
Subject:
Type:
Content:
Contact:
Environmental Radiation Measurements
Non-bibliographic
This data file contains environmental radiation data collected following the March 28,
1979 accident at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor in Pennsylvania. Data from
EPA, the Public Health Service, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Depart-
ment of Energy, the State, and the utility itself are included.
William Kirk,
FTS 8-590-4866
Office of Radiation Programs
TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES INVENTORY;INITIAL
INVENTORY AND CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENT TWO. PLANT SITE INFORMATION FILE
Content:
Availability:
Contact:
The TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supple-
ment TWO, Plant Site Information File lists names and addresses for more than 6000
processors and manufactures of chemicals. This file, with the Production Informa-
tion File along with the TSCA Preferred Name file and Synonym file, provides the
complete Toxic Substances Control Act.
NTIS, CP T02, mag tape. Source tape is in EBCDIC character set.
Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording modes for
one-half inch tape.
NTIS
4-5
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TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES INVENTORY; INITIAL
INVENTORY AND CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENT TWO. PRODUCTION INFORMATION FILE
Content:
Availability:
Contact:
The TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supple-
ment Two, Production Information File contains production information for more
than 50000 chemicals. This file includes Manufacturing Identification Numbers
(MID) but not manufacturer names and locations. The TSCA Chemical Substances
Inventory Initial Inventory Cumulative Supplement Two, Plant Site Information File
tape must be used to find this information. The MID links the production figure to
the plant sites. See also TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory and Cumulative Sup-
plement Two, Preferred Name File and Synonym File to obtain the complete inven-
tory.
NTIS, CP T02, mag tape. Source tape is in EBCDIC character set.
Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording modes for
one-half inch tape.
NTIS
TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES INVENTORY:INITIAL
INVENTORY AND CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENT TWO. PREFERRED NAME FILE AND SYNONYM FILE
Content:
Availability:
Contact:
The Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory
and Cumulative Supplement Two, Preferred Name File and Synonym File lists
names for more than 50,000 chemicals substances. File I includes:TSCA CAS
Registry Numbers (a listing of chemical names by CAS Registry No.), and File 2 in-
cludesfTSCA Synonyms (an alphabetical listing of synonyms). See also the TSCA
Chemical Substances Inventory. Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
Plant site Information File and Production Information file to obtain the complete in-
ventory.
NTIS, CP T02, mag tape. Source tape is in EBCDIC character set.
Tapes can be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording modes for
one-half inch tape.
NTIS
TSCA (TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT) NEW CHEMICALS
Content:
Contact:
This source contains information collected on chemicals proposed for manufacture
which are not included on the July 1979 inventory of existing chemicals. Producers
of such new chemicals are required to notify OTS at least 90 days prior to manufac-
ture, providing information about the chemical, its intended production and use, and
any available health and safety information (Section 5 of TSCA). Those manufac-
turers seeking an exemption from premanufacture review for test marketing pur-
poses can apply for such exemption 45 days in advance of test marketing. Exemp-
tions from the full 90 day review have recently been established for certain polymers
and low volume chemicals. As of March 28, 1986, OTS had received 6,721
Premanufacturing Notification (PMN) submissions, 379 test marketing exemption
(TME) requests, and 243 low volume and polymer exemption applications. Current-
ly about 1,600 PMN, 60 TME, and 475 low volume and polymer exemption requests
are received each year.
Wendy Cleland-Hamnett,
FTS 8-382-3725
Chemical Control Division
4-6
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TSCA SECTION 4 CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Subject: Chemical Data
Type: Bibliographic
Content:
Contact:
The Test Rules and Development Branch within OTS maintains complete bibliog-
raphies on all TSCA Section 4 chemicals. Section 4 authorizes EPA to require the
development of any needed new test data on chemicals that may pose an un-
reasonable risk or ones that have high exposure or high release. To date, OTS has
received 620 studies on 58 different Section 4 chemicals, and many more tests are
underway.
Harriet Corbet
FTS 8-382-8140
Office of Toxic Substances
WATER SOLUBILITY DATA
Non-bibliographic
Type:
Content:
Contact:
This collection of more than 3,000 records includes published values on water
solubility data, intended to provide rapid access to such information for assessment
purposes.
Robert Lipnick,
FTS 8-382-4274
Health and Environmental Review Division
4.2 NON-EPA DATA FILES AND TAPES
ANNUAL OBSERVATION WELL FILE (AOWF)
Content:
Historical file of groundwater level measurements and producing formations for all
declared groundwater basins in New Mexico.
Contact:
James Hudson,
U.S. Geological Survey,
(505) 766-2011
AUTOMATIC DIGITAL RECORDER TAPES (ADR)
Content:
Water data such as river stages, temperature, groundwater levels, specific conduc-
tivity, and dissolved oxygen are punched on paper tape in the file in raw form.
Contact:
Charles R. Showen,
U.S. Geological Survey,
(703) 860 6871
4-7
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BASIC WELL DATA FOR PROFESSIONAL PAPER 796
The coverage is of spatial distribution of permeability for the Atlantic Coastal Plain
from North Carolina to New York.
Contact:
Donald J. Dolnack,
U.S. Geological Survey,
(703) 860 6031
GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE (SAS Format)
Content: . . .
The Geoecology Data Base represents a unique compilation of computerized en-
vironmental data for research and development. The system is designed to provide
rapid access to data at appropriate spatial and temporal scales for environmental im-
pact assessment and planning. Data are stored at the county level of resolution for
the conterminous United States. The Geoecology Data Base contains selected data
on terrain and soils, water resources, forestry.vegetation, agriculture, land use,
wildlife, air quality, climate, natural areas, and endangered species. Basic files on
humanpopulation are also included to complement the environmental files.
Availability:
Contact:
NTIS, CP T02, mag tape. Source tape is an IBM/SAS formatted file.
NTIS
INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
Content:
Contact:
The index has been developed as a data base and data base management system
that provides three main capabilities. Geo index consists of fixed-length records
that supply the following information on published mapstunique numeric identifier,
state, author, year, title, county or counties, publisher, series, emphasis, area
covered by the map, coverage in latitude and longitude, center point in latitude and
longitude, depositories, type of base map, and plate number.
Yula Sakss,
U.S. Geological Survey,
(703) 860-7297
NATIONAL STREAM QUALITY ACCOUNTING NETWORK (NASOAW. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
The data base is a subset of the U.S. Geological Survey's WATSTORE. A uniform
water quality parameter list information on instantaneous discharge, specific conduc-
tance, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, fecal streptococcal and fecal coliform
bacteria, suspended sediment, etc.
Contact:
James Schornick, Dick Smith,
Water Resource Division, USGS
MIXING HEIGHT STUDIES
Content: .
The data utilized in generating this file are hourly surface weather observations and
upper air observations. The major parameters that make up this file are date, morn-
ing type indicator, morning mixing depth, morning average wind speed through
mixing depth, morning average surface wind speed, afternoon type indicatory, after-
noon mixing depth, afternoon average wind speed through mixing depth, and after-
4-8
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Contact:
noon average surface wind speed. Data is from 1960 to 1964 and various later
periods of record.
National Climatic Data Center
STABILITY ARRAY (STAR)
Content:
The STAR output consists of frequency and percent frequency tables of wind direc-
tion versus wind speed for each stability category. These star data may be sum-
marized on a monthly, seasonal, or annual basis. The major parameters that make
up this file are wind direction, stability class, wind speed frequencies, station ID, and
beginning and ending year.
Contact:
National Climatic Data Center
SUMMARY OF THE MONTH CO-OP ELEMENT FILE
Content:
This file contains monthly averages or totals of daily data that are measured primari-
ly by cooperative stations. The major parameters that make up this file are monthly:
maximum and minimum temperatures; mean temperature with departure from nor-
mal; total snowfall and maximum snow depth; total precipitation with departure from
normal; extreme high and low temperatures; freeze data; evaporation; and total heat-
ing and cooling degree days. Data is from 1876 to present, and is updated monthly.
Contact:
National Climatic Data Center
SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS
Content:
The major parameters that make up this file are time; ceiling height; horizontal
visibility; weather; wind - direction and speed; dry-bulb, wet-bulb, and dew point
temperatures; relative humidity; sea level pressure and station pressure; and total
sky cover and total opaque sky cover. Data is from 1948 through present, and is up-
dated monthly.
Contact:
National Climatic Data Center
U.S. SOIL TEMPERATURES
Content:
The primary source of information for this file is daily measurements taken by
Federal government, state government and university sponsored Agriculture
Research and Experiment station who are part of the cooperative station network.
The major parameters that make up this file are depth of soil temperature measure-
ment, and daily temperatures. Data is from 1967 to the present, and is updated an-
nually.
Contact:
National Climatic Data Center
AN ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE DATA
VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN THE ATMOSPHERE:
Content:
A significant body of information is currently available to characterize the burden of
possibly-hazardous organic chemicals (HOCs) in ambient environments. However,
these data have not been accessible in an organized format, and no attempt had
been made to study their significance or to integrate them into a useful andcohesive
document. In this study, ambient data, primarily from the years 1970 through 1980,
4-9
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Availability:
Contact:
from 241 references covering 151 chemicals were collected and collated into a com-
puter-accessible data base. Data acquisition has been limited primarily to a few
geographical regions, and most sampling programs have been performed in the
warmer months and during daylight hours. Specific recommendations are made for
future studies regarding data reporting. A strategy for an effective national monitor-
ing program was presented.
NTIS, CP T02, mag tape. Source tape is in ASCII characterset.
Character set restricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch only.
NTIS
4.3 ADDRESSES FOR DATA FILES AND TAPE CONTACTS
National Air Data Branch
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-14
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Telephone: (919) 541-5582
National Climatic Data Center
User Services Branch
Federal Building
Asheville,NC 28801
Telephone: (704)259-0682
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: (703)487-4650
Telex: 89-9405
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Headquarters Including:
Office of Health Research
Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
Office of Pesticide Programs
Office of Radiation Programs
Office of Toxic Substances
401M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Telephone: (202) 755-9112
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"U.S. Geological Survey
Water Resources Scientific Information Center
425 National Center
Reston, VA 22902
Telephone: (703) 648-6818
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CHAPTER 5
MODELS
This chapter lists numerous exposure assessments (environmental fate and transport) and dose
response models which may be useful in performing risk assessments. The section is organized with EPA
models presented in Section 5.1 and "non-EPA" models presented in Section 5.2. Within each section, the
models are further grouped into particular types (e.g., atmospheric, surface water, ground water, fate, and
dose-response models) with all models of a given type listed alphabetically. References for additional infor-
mation for each model are given by either providing an office and an individual's name to contact, or by
citing a literature reference. These literature citations are fully referenced in Section 5.3.
The list of models presented in this section is far from an exhaustive compilation of all exposure assess-
ment models; nor does the list below represent all the different types of models which may be useful in risk
assessment (e.g., pharmacokinetic models). Instead, this section describes accepted, commonly used, en-
vironmental fate, transport and dose-response models that were either: (1) identified through interviews with
EPA and non-EPA employees; (2) taken from the list off EPA's "risk assessment" models compiled in the In-
formation System Inventory8; or (3) selected from EPA or non-EPA publications and references using
professional judgment on the applicability of a model in the risk assessment process. There are countless
other models besides those listed below which may also be acceptable and may in fact be more applicable
or useful for a given situation.
5.1 EPA MODELS
5.1.1 Atmospheric Fate Models
BOXMDD80
Contains population retrieval program
Applicable primarily to regions containing many diffuse emission sources
Steady-state, Gaussian distribution
Exposure routine is included
« Available on GEMS
Reference:
Contact for access:
Hanna, 1972
Loren Hall,
EPA
(202) 382-3931
Q
The Information Systems Inventory is an EPA-wide compilation of data bases, models, and other informa-
tion systems which can be segregated into groups having the same purpose (e.g., information systems for
the purpose of risk assessment). More information on this inventory is available through EPA's Office of In-
formation Resources Management, Information Management Branch.
5-1
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CLIMATOLOGICAL DISPERSION MODEL (COM)
Long-term seasonal or annual
Point or area sources
Gaussian plume model
Simulates non-conservative pollutants
Can simulate turbulence over urban areas
Outputs long-term average concentrations at user specified receptors
Requires stability array data
FORTRAN V program language; has been implemented on the UNIVAC 1110
22K bytes storage required
Software available as part of UNAMAP package for $420
A modified version (CDMQC) includes calibration of individual point and area source contribution lists
and of averaging tune transformations.
Documentation: Busse and Zimmerman, 1976
Software: Computer Products,
NTIS,
Springfield, VA 22161
CRSTER
* Modified steady state Gaussian Plume algorithm.
Estimates ground level concentrations resulting from up to 19 colocated elevated stack emissions.
Terrain adjustment can be made.
Prints out the highest and second highest 1-hour, 3 hour and 24 hour concentrations; also gives annual
mean concentrations at 180 receptors.
Documentation: U.S. EPA, 1977.
INDUSTRIAL SOURCE COMPLEX
Long-term or short-term, point, area, or line sources, single or multiple sources
Models gravitational settling of particulates, providing deposition
Release rates can be varied as a function of tune
Not applicable to complex terrain
May provide overly conservative short-term maximum values for calm wind conditions
Requires stability array data
Extensive input data required to make use of sophisticated features
FORTRAN IV program language, implemented on UNIVAC 140
Approximately 65 K bytes storage required
Available through GEMS
Documentation: Bowers et. al. 1979
Software: Computer Products,
NTIS,
Springfield, VA 22161
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SOURCE, DISCHARGE - CONCENTRATION AT A DISTANCE (PTPIS)
Steady-state Gaussian plume model
Point source
Accommodates limit to upward vertical mixing
Short-term
Assumes conservative pollutant
Produces estimates of hourly concentrations at a user selected downwind distance
Available through GEMS
FORTRAN IV Program, applicable to wide range of computers; has been implemented on UNIVAC
1110
Approximately 12K bytes memory required
Software available as part of UNAMAP package, for $420
References: Turner and Busse 1973,
General Software Corporation 1982
Software: Computer Products
NTIS,
Springfield, VA 22161
POINT SOURCE DISCHARGE - MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION (PTMAX)
Steady-state Gaussian plume model
Point-source
Short-term
Assumes conservative pollutant
Produces maximum hourly concentrations for each stability and wind speed, location of maximum con-
centration
Available through GEMS
Approximately 12 K bytes memory required
Software available as part of UNIMAP package, for $420
FORTRAN IV Program, applicable to wide range of computers; has been implemented on UNIVAC
1110
References: Turner and Busse, 1973,
General Software Corporation, 1982
Software: Computer Products,
NTIS,
Springfield, VA 22161
PTMTP
Estimates the concentration from a number of point sources to a number of arbitrarily located receptors
at/or above ground level.
Hourly meteorological data is used.
Hourly concentrations and averages over any averaging time from 1 to 24 hours can be obtained.
Downwind and crosswind distances are determined for each source receptor pair.
Documentation: Turner and Busse, 1973.
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POINT. AREA. LINE SOURCE ALGORITHM (PAL)
A short-term Gaussian steady-state algorithm.
Estimates concentrations of stable pollutants for point, line and area sources.
Valuable emission rate along line source can be included.
Intended for smaller scale analysis such as for shipping centers, airports and single plants.
Hourly concentrations are estimated.
Documentation:
Peterson, 1978.
RAM
A Gaussian plume short term multiple source air quality algorithm.
Estimate concentrations of stable pollutants from urban point and area sources.
Hourly meteorological data are used.
Allows determination of downwind receptor locations to ensure good area coverage with minimum num-
ber of receptors.
Documentation: Turner and Novak, 1978.
TEXAS EPISODIC MODEL fTEM)
Steady state model
Point or area sources
* Short-term - 10 minutes to 24 hours
Produces maximum and average concentrations over time periods selected by user
User can select up to 2500 down-wind receptor points, according to an automatic or specific grid array
Handles nonconservative pollutants
Up to 24 meteorologic scenarios can be input for a single run
FORTRAN program applicable to a wide range of computer types; has been implemented on Bur-
roughs 6810/11
Requires approximately 26 K bytes memory
Engineering, meteorology, atmospheric transport background useful
References: Christiansen, 1976
VALLEY
Short- or long-term
Simulates plume impaction in complex terrain
Provides screening estimates of worst-case short-term concentrations
Provides annual average concentrations
112-receptor grid
Accommodates nonconservative pollutants
Requires stability array data for long-term option
Requires user-input worst-case meteorological data for short-term screening option
May require careful analysis of output by experienced air quality modeler
FORTRAN V program, applicable to wide range of computers
Approximately 13 K bytes memory required
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Software available as part of UNAMAP series, for $420
Documentation: Burt, 1977.
Software: Computer Products,
NTIS,
Springfield, VA 22161
5.1.2 Surface Water Fate Models
CHANNEL TRANSPORT MODEL (CHNTRN)
Time-varying, 1-dimensional model
Models organic pollutants
Second-order decay mechanisms
Models rivers, lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters
Can be coupled with a hydrodynamic model, CHNHYD, for estimation of flow dynamics where such
data is not available
Requires extensive data input, and extensive setup time
Has not been field tested and documentation is currently under review
FORTRAN IV program language
Applicable to IBM 3933 computer, and others
References:
Documentation:
Yeh 1982
Dr. G.T. Yeh
Environmental Sciences Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P.O. Box X
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
(615) 574-7285
CHEMICAL AND STREAM QUALITY MODEL HTOXIWASP)
Time-varying, 3-dimensional model
Comprehensive second-order decay kinetics for organic pollutants
Models rivers and estuaries and it can be applied to lakes
Very data intensive model
Applicable to IBM 370 or PDF 11/70
Software in FORTRAN IV; requires 64 K byte memory
Requires 150-300 man hours for setup
Documentation and
Software: Robert Ambrose
Center for Water Quality Modeling
U.S. EPA
Athens, GA 30612
(404) 546-3546
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CHEMICAL TRANSPORT AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM (CTAP)
Steady state, 3-dimensional compartmental model
Complex computer program
Contains comprehensive second order decay kinetics for organics (most models only have first-order
kinetics)
Models organic chemicals
Suitable for freshwater, non-tidal aquatic systems
Requires extensive data input
Has been incorporated into EPA OTS GEMS system
An estimated 350 man hours required for installation and setup, assuming all data is readily available
Well documented and recommended for use over most other models
Available on magnetic tape for installation on mainframe or small computers (e.g., PDP-11 or HP 3000);
batch version requires 64 K bytes memory at a minimum, more for complex modeling
Also available hi interactive version, requiring 164 K bytes memory plus 2 K for each chemical and 2.5 K
bytes for each environment
References:
Documentation:
Burns eta!. 1982
ORD Publications,
Center for Environmental Research Information
U.S. EPA
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-684-7562; or
Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, GA 30613
(404) 546-3585
DYNHYD3
* A simple 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model capable of handling variable tidal cycles, wind, and un
steady inflows.
Updated from the Potomac Dynamic Estuary Model (DEM).
Has the ability to produce an output file that can be linked with WASP3 (described near the end of this
section) to supply the flows and volumes to the water quality model.
Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of microcomputers and compatible
systems.
Language: FORTRAN 77
Approximate run tune using sample data sets: 16 minutes.
Contact: Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, GA 30613
(404) 546-3585
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ENHANCED STREAM WATER QUALITY MODEL (QUAL2E)
A steady state model for conventional pollutants in branching streams and well mixed lakes.
Includes conservative substances, temperature, coliform bacteria, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved
oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and algae.
Widely used for waste load allocation and permitting, in the United States and other countries.
Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of microcomputers and compatible
systems.
* Approximate run time observed using sample data sets: 1 minute.
Contact: Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, GA 30613
(404) 546-3585
EXPOSURE ANALYSIS MODELING SYSTEM (EXAMS)
Subject: Synthetic Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Systems
Simulation model
1, 2, or 3 dimensional
Runs analyses of initial conditions, time variations, steady state analysis
Uses a set of fundamental process models that accept standard chemical parameters and limnological
data as input parameters
DEC-VAX family of computers and IBM PC compatibles
FORTRAN 77 standard
Available through GEMS '
Contact: Dr. Lawrence Burns
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Environmental Research Laboratory
Athens, GA
(404) 546-3511
HYDROLOGICAL SIMULATION PROGRAM - FORTRAN (HSPF)
Time-varying, 1-dimensional model
Requires extensive data input
Designed for year-round simulation
Most suitable to minicomputers(e.g., HP 3000, PRIME, HARRIS) as model utilizes direct access input-
output, which can be costly on mainframe computers
Models organic pollutants
Second-order decay mechanisms
Models non-tidal rivers and streams and mixed lakes
Has been used on IBM 370 series computers
Requires 250 K bytes of overlay computers type storage
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References:
Software:
Johanson et. al. 1980
Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, GA 30613
(404) 546-3585
METALS EXPOSURE ANALYSIS MODELING SYSTEM (MEXAMS)
Steady state, 3-dimensional compartmental model
Complex computer program
A combination of two models (MINTEQ and EXAMS) designed for modeling of metal loadings
Suitable for freshwater, non-tidal aquatic systems
* Complex metal dynamics requiring extensive data input
Can be used with mainframe or small (e.g., PCP 11/70 or HP 3000 computers)
Interactive format
Contains data base with thermodynamic properties of 7 metals
Further information: Yasuo Onishi
Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 376-8302
Documentation:
Center for Water Quality Modeling, EPA
Environmental Research Laboratories
Athens, GA
(404) 546-3585
MICHIGAN RIVER MODEL (MICHRIV)
Steady-state, 1-dimensional model
Easy to set up and use
Computer program written in FORTRAN
Requires minimal computer programming
Similar to SLSA but can model more than one reach
Intended for metals
Models rivers and streams
References: Delosetal. 1984
Technical Assistance
Available from: Bill Richardson
U.S. EPA
Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth
Large Lakes Research Station
MINTEO (see Section 5.13)
PROBABILISTIC DILUTION MODEL (PPM)
Estimates the percent of time a given concentration level may be exceeded in recieving streams
5-8
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Model estimates based on statistical distribution of daily volume flow and on solution of mass balance
dilution evaluation
Contains averages of mean and low flows of streams in major river basins of U.S., broken down by
direct and indirect discharges and standard industry classification codes
Designed for use on personal computers
Holding Office: Office of Toxic Substances
Responsible Person: Karen Hammerstrom
FTS Phone: 8-382-3896
SEDIMENT-CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT (SERATRA^
Time-varying, 2-dimensional model (longitudinal and vertical)
Complex sediment transport mechanisms
Second-order decay mechanisms for organic pollutants
Models rivers and lakes
Requires extensive data input
Computer program written in FORTRAN preprocessor language FLECS, batch mode
Has been field tested and is available for use
Second-order decay mechanisms for organic pollutants.
Requires an estimated 750 man hours for setup, assuming all required data are readily available
Onishi and Wise 1982a
Onishi and Wise 1982b
ORD Publications
Center for Environmental Research Information
U.S. EPA
Cincinnati, OH 45268
(413) 684-7562
Technical Assistance: Robert Ambrose
U.S. EPA,
Athens Env. Research Lab
Center for Water Quality Modeling
Athens, GA 30613
(404) 546-3546
TIME-DEPENDENT. THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT MODEL
Calculates hydrodynamic transport of conservation and non conservation substances in surface water
bodies
User-specified options permit application to conservative substances (e.g., chloride) and non-conserva-
tive substances (e.g., suspended solids)
Estimates time-dependent concentrations
Holding Office: Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Responsible Person:
References:
Documentation:
FTS Phone:
J. F. Paul
8-838-5087
TIME-DEPENDENT. THREE-DIMENSIONAL. VARIABLE DENSITY HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL
Estimates the movement of pollutants in thermal discharges in harbors, bays, lake basins, entire lakes, es-
tuaries, marine coastal areas, etc.
Calculates velocities, temperatures and salinity
5-9
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Results of model can be used as input to a separate transport model
Various user-specified versions to consider the receiving waters in different ways (e.g., water surface
treated as a rigid lid or a free-surface, or bottom boundary condition specified as no slip or slip)
Holding Office: Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Responsible Person: J. F. Paul
FTS Phone: 8-838-5087
TOXIC ORGANIC SUBSTANCE TRANSPORT AND BIOACCUMULATION MODEL (TOXIC)
Quasi-dynamic, 3-dimensional compartment model
Program language is FORTRAN
Complex biological uptake mechanisms
Models pesticides in reservoirs and aquatic impoundments
Only time-varying functions for loading, not flows
Good for biological accumulation but lacking in chemical fate mechanisms
Applicable to IBM 370 and 750 Prime systems
FORTRAN program in batch mode
User support is limited; no user manual is available
References: Schnooretal. 1981
Software: Jerry Schnoor
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Energy Engineering Division
University of Iowa
Iowa City, IA 52248
(319) 353-7262
TOXrVVASP
see CHEMICAL AND STREAM QUALITY
TRANSIENT ONE-DIMENSIONAL DEGRADATION AND MIGRATION MODEL (TODAM)
Time varying, 1-dimensional model
Second-order decay mechanism
Models rivers and estuarine systems
Exterior hydrodynamic model (e.g., EXPLORE) is required to provide channel and flow characteristics
to TODAM
Requires extensive data input
Complex FORTRAN program, written hi the preprocessor language FLECS or hi FORTRAN IV
Applicable to VAC or PDC 11/70 computers (batch mode)
TODAM has been applied; however documentation is currently under review; release date unknown
References: Onishi et. al. 1982
Further Information: Yasuo Onishi
Battelle-Pacific Northwest Laboratories and ICF Northwest
Richland.WA 99352
(509) 376-8302
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WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS SIMULATION PROGRAM (WASP3t
A generalized modeling framework for contaminant fate and transport in surface waters.
Based on a flexible compartment modeling approach, which allows WASPS to be applied in one, two, or
three dimensions.
Problems that have been studied using WASPS include biochemical oxygen, demand-dissolved oxygen
dynamics, nutrients and eutrophication, bacterial contamination, and toxic chemical movement.
Can be used with subroutines selected from a library or written by user (e.g., TOXIWASP described ear-
lier in this section).
Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of micro-computers and compatible
systems.
Language: FORTRAN 77
Contact: Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, GA 30613
(404) 546-3585
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY (WOAM)
Steady-state, 1-dimensional
Requires only desk top calculations
Provides canonical information
Models lakes, rivers, and estuaries
Easy to set up and use
No computer programming needed; requires only hand calculator
Recommended if time, costs, or information are restrictive
References: Mills et al. 1982
Documentation: ORD Publications
U.S. EPA,
Cincinnati, OH 45268
(513) 684-7562
WATER QUALITY MODELING SYSTEM FOR THE GREAT LAKES (WOMSGUt
Consists of three subsystems which allow user to develop, calibrate, and verify water quality models for
aquatic systems
Developed to serve EPA's research mandates for the Great Lakes, but applicable to any surface water
system
Can be applied to most water quality problems, constituents, and interactions
Holding Office: Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Responsible Person: William Richardson
FTS Phone: 8-226-7811
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5.1.3 Unsaturated Zone and Groundwater Fate Models
MINTED
* A geochemical model capable of calculating equilibrium aqueous specification, adsorption, gas phase
partitioning, solid phase saturation states, and precipitation dissolution of 11 metals (arsenic, cadmium,
chromium,copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc).
Can solve a broad range of chemical equilibrium problems for surface and ground waters.
Contains an extensive thermodynamic data set.
Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of micro-computers and compatible
systems.
Language: FORTRAN 77.
Approximate run time using sample data sets: 4 minutes.
Contact: Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, GA 30613
(404) 546-3585
PESTICIDE ROOT ZONE MODEL (PRZM)
Simulates the vertical movement of pesticides in unsaturated soil within and below the plant root zone,
and extending to the water table.
Uses generally available input data that are reasonable in spatial and temporal requirements.
Consists of hydrology and chemical transport components that simulate runoff, erosion, plant uptake,
leaching, decay, foliar wash off, and volatilization of a pesticide.
Designed for the DOS environment on the IBM PC XT/AT family of micro-computers and compatible
systems.
Language: FORTRAN 77.
Approximate run time using sample data sets: 8 minutes.
Contact: Center for Water Quality Modeling
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. EPA
Athens, GA 30613
(404) 546-3585
PESTICIDES ANALYTICAL TRANSPORT SOLUTION (PESTA1SD or ANALYTIC TRANSIENT 1.2.3
DIMENSIONAL MODEL (AT123D)
Predicts pesticide and organic pollutant movement to ground water
Environmental and chemical data input interactively
Available through GEMS
Version in GEMS features an automated link with Seasonal Soil Model (SESOIL) to allow modeling of
chemicals moving from the unsaturated zone into ground water
Holding Office: Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Responsible Person: David M. Walters
FTS Phone:
8-743-2261
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REGULATOR AND TREATMENT ZONE MODEL (RITZ)
Models pollutant transport by leaching and volatilization
Estimates biological degradation of the pollutant
Considers the effect of an oil phase on pollutant transport
Holding Office: Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Responsible Person: Tom Short
FTS Phone: 8-743-2234
SEASONAL SOIL COMPARTMENT MODEL (SESOIL)
Long-term fate simulations
Accounts for numerous hydrologic, meteorologic characteristics of site
Accounts for numerous transfer, transformation processes; absorption volatilization, degradation,
biodegradation
Models organics, inorganics
Handles up to 3 layers of soil type, permeabilities
Integrated into GEMS
Versatile, easy to use
FORTRAN program language; has been implemented on IBM 370, VAX 11/780
Produces contaminant concentration distribution in unsaturated zone, quality of ground water runoff
Documentation: Bonazountas and Wagner, 1981
Contact for access: Mr. Loren Hall
U.S. EPA,
Exposure Evaluation Division
Washington, D.C.
(202) 382-3931
SIMULATED WASTE ACCESS TO GROUND WATER (SWAG)
Predicts organic pollutant transport to groundwater
Three compartment analytical computer model
Considers transformations in the soil-geological matrix
Data is input interactively by the user
Holding Office: Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Responsible Person: David M. Walters
FTS Phone: 8-743-2261
THREE-DIMENSIONAL PLUMES IN UNIFORM GROUND WATER FLOW (PLUMEZD>
Estimates concentration distribution in a leachate plume emanating from a point source
Includes both linear absorption and first-order reactions
Holding Office: Office of Emergency Processes and Effects Research
Responsible Person: Carl Enfield
FTS Phone: 8-743-2334
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5.1.4 Exposure Assessment Models
ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION OF RADIONUCLIDES (AIRDOSE-EPA)
Estimates annual intakes and exposures from the atmospheric release of radionuclides
* The intake estimates provided as inputs to DARTAB to assess individual or collective doses/risks as-
sociated with chronic releases
Atmospheric dispersion, wet and dry deposition, and food pathway models included
Radionuclide chain ingrowth and decay considered
Environmental removal taken into account
Office: Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person: Christopher Nelson
FTS Phone:
8-557-9380
COHORT ANALYSIS OF INCREASED RISKS OF DEATHS (CAIRD) MODEL
Estimates human health risks produced in a population after exposure to a given radiation level
Holding Office: Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person: Neal S. Nelson
FTS Phone: 8-557-9380
DOSE AND RISK ASSESSMENT TABULATION (DARTAB)
Computes fatal cancers and genetic defects from radiological concentrations on the ground surface, and
in air, water, and vegetation
Used in conjunction with RADRISK information to provide risk assessment information for AIRDOSE
EPA and PRESTO EPA
Holding Office: Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person: Christopher Nelson
FTS Phone:
8-557-7380
HIGH LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE-REPOSITORY RISK MODEL (REPRISK)
Calculates expected genetic and somatic health effects at a generic high level radioactive waste geologic
repository
Estimates radionuclide releases to air, land surface, and rivers or lakes, from a repository as a result of
expected and accidental events
Accidents considered include human intrusion, faults, meteorites, and volcanoes
Expected events include shaft and borehold leakage, and bulk rock transport
Releases are from destruction of waste packages or disturbance of a contaminated repository backfilled
tunnel
Holding Office: Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person: Daniel Egan
FTS Phone: 8-557-8610
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LOW-LEVEL, RADIOACTIVE WASTE ENVIRONMENTAL, TRANSPORT AND RISK ASSESSMENT CODE
(PRESTO-EPA)
Calculates health effects to an exposed population from radioactivity escaping from a shallow land or
deep geologic burial site
DARTAB used as a subroutine to calculate fatal cancers and genetic defects
RADRISK data required to run the model
Holding Office: Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person: G. Lewis Meyer
FTS Phone:
8-557-8610
MAXIMUM INDIVIDUAL DOSE MODEL (MAXDOSE)
Models geological events and health effects associated with accidental releases from a nuclear waste
repository
Calculates set of dose rates at different tunes and distances
Estimates contaminated areas and individual risk
Considers leaching and dissolution as waste escapes mechanisms
Holding Office: Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person: Daniel Egan
FTS Phone:
8-557-8610
MIXTURE AND SYSTEMIC TOXICANT RISK MODEL (MSRM)
Estimates human health risk from exposure by any route
Non-cancer risk assessment models and estimation categories
Contains statistical methods and extrapolation models for using available toxicological and epidemiologi-
cal data
Cancer risk models included for completeness, but developed elsewhere
Applicable for single chemicals and mixtures
Estimation methods include those in EPA Risk Assessment Guidelines for Comparison.
Holding Office: Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Responsible Person: Richard Hertzberg
FTS Phone: 8-684-7582
PLUTONIUM AIR INHALATION DOSE fPAID)
Calculates dose rates and doses resulting from the acute or chronic lifetime inhalation or ingestion of
transuranic radioisotopes
Holding Office: Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person: Neal Nelson
FTS Phone: 8-557-9380
PRESTO-EPA
see LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT AND RISK ASSESSMENT
CODE
5-15
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RADIONUCLIDE DOSE RATE/RISK (RADRISK)
Estimates health risk due to inhalation or ingestion of radionuclides for arbitrary exposure periods
End result in set of values relating fatal cancers and genetically significant radiation doses to a unit of
radionuclide intake
* A greatly revised combination of two previously existing programs - INREM II and CAIRD
Health risk from external exposure also estimated by CAIRD using dose rates from DOS FACTER
Holding Office: Office of Radiation Programs
Responsible Person: Christopher B. Nelson
FTS Phone: 8-557-9380
REPRISK
see HIGH LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORY RISK MODEL
SLUDGE PROGRAM-HEALTH IMPACTS (SPHD
* Assesses adverse human health effects from contaminants in sewage sludge
Considers sludge distributed and/or marketed to public for use in vegetable gardens and lawns
Contaminants taken into account include metals, PCBs, and pathogens
Holding Office: Office of Solid Waste
Responsible Person: Ken Shuster
FTS Phone: 8-382-3345
5.1.5 Multi-Media Models
ENVIRONMENTAL PARTITIONING MODEL (ENPART)
* Uses physical/chemical properties to estimate partitioning between air, water, and river sediment (i.e.,
estimates mass distribution between these three components).
Estimates environmental persistence.
Available on GEMS.
Holding Office: Office of Toxic Substances
Exposure Evaluation Division
Responsible Person: Russell Kinerson
FTS Phone: 8-382-3928
5.2 NON-EPA MODELS
5.2.1 Atmospheric Fate Models
-------
Point or area sources
Up to 2500 receptor locations on downwind user specific grid
Outputs average concentration data
Requires stability array data
FORTRAN program language; has been implemented on Burroughs 6810/11
Batch mode
17K bytes memory required
Technical background in meteorology, air pollution useful
Documentation: Texas Air Control Board, 1980
5.2.2 Surface Water Fate Models
ESTUARY AND STREAM QUALITY MODEL (WASTOXl
Time-varying, 3-dimensional model
Sophisticated second-order organic decay kinetics
Models rivers, lake and estuaries
Very data intensive model
User must provide hydrodynamic flows between model compartments
Applicable to IBM 370 or PDF 11/70 systems
Fortran IV program requires 32 K bytes storage
Requires 150-300 man hours for setup
Documentation
and Software: Dr. John Connolly
Environmental Engineering and Science
Manhattan College
Bronx, NY 10471
(212) 920-0276
or:
Dr. Parmely H. Pritchard
Environmental Research Laboratory
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
(904) 932-5311
FINITE ELEMENT TRANSPORT MODEL (FETRA>
Time-varying, 2-dimensional model (longitudinal and lateral)
Second-order decay mechanisms for organic pollutants
Models rivers, estuaries, coastal systems, and completely mixed lakes
Can be coupled with EXPLORE-I hydrodynamic model to generate velocities where these are unknown
Input data requirements are extensive
Computer program written in FORTRAN IV
Can be used on IBM, VAX or CDC-7600 computers
Has been field validated
Setup and execution time requirements are large
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References:
Further Information:
Onishiet. al. 1981.
Yasuo Onishi
Battelle-Pacific Northwest Laboratories and ICF Northwest
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 376-8302
SIMPLIFIED LAKE/STREAM ANALYSIS (SLSA)
* Steady-state, 1-dimensional model
Solution either by desk top calculations or simple (hand calculator) FORTRAN program
Suitable for simplified lake and river systems
* Easy to set up and use
Computer programming not necessary; if used, only 280 bytes are required, suitable for microcomputers
Well documented and suggested for use before using a more sophisticated model
References: HydroQual 1982
Documentation: William Gulledge
2581 M Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20037
(202)887-1183
WASTOX
see ESTUARY AND STREAM QUALITY MODEL
5.2.3 Unsaturated Zone and Ground Water Fate Models
COUPLED FLUID. ENERGY AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT (CFEST) COMBINED WITH UNSAT ID
3-dimensional
Accommodates heterogeneous, anisotropic, multilayered soil configurations
Has been field verified for arsenic and organic wastes
Sorption, degradation mechanism not incorporated
Handles saline aquifers as well as fresh water
Transport mechanism of dispersion, advection simulated
Tune-variant release and flow rates
* Combination covers unsaturated and saturated zones
Documentation: Gupta et al. 1982.
ESTAN
One-dimensional
Organic substances
Degradation is simulated
Provides pollutant velocity, distribution, and concentration data
Accommodates various release rates, schedules
Considered a screening model
Rapid evaluations
Inexpensive, easy to use; requires only hand-held calculator
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Has been field verified with pesticides
References: Enfield et. al. 1982.
FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL OF WASTE fFEMWASTE) AND FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF WATER FLOW
(FEMWATER)
Two-dimensional
Interzone transfer is modeled
Incorporates convection, dispersion
Simulates degradation of non-conservative substances
Absorption is accounted for
Capable of modeling layered, heterogeneous soil zones
FEMWATER is a model for ground water flow, while FEMWASTE simulates the transport/fate of con-
taminants
Has been implemented on IBM 360
May require background in hydrogeology, differential equations, programming
Field verified
Yen and Ward 1981
Dr. George T. Yeh
Documentation:
Information:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Environmental Science Division
P.O. Box X
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
(615) 574-7285
LEACHATE PLUME MIGRATION MODEL (LPMM>
Continuous source model
Dispersion is simulated
Degradation processes accounted for
A simplistic model; results may not be as sophisticated as necessary for Level III work
Can be used in nomographic, hand-held calculator, or computer form
Relatively easy to use
References: Kent et. al. 1982.
RANDOM WALK SOLUTE TRANSPORT MODEL (RWSTM)
One or two-dimensional
Tune-variant release rates
Accommodates well-injected release
Incorporates dispersion, retardation
Handles nonconservative pollutants
Accounts for well pumping
Requires mathematical programming, hydrogeological knowledge on part of user
Has been field validated
Provides contaminant concentration at user-selected points
Documentation: Prickett et. al. 1981.
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SANPIA WASTE ISOLATION FLOW AND TRANSPORT MODEL (SWIFT)
* 3-dimensional
Transport processes of advection, dispersion simulated
Sorption, degradation processes accounted for
Appropriate for waste-injection, waste-isolation modeling
Has been field verified
Has associated user's guide in self-teaching format
Fortran program; has been implemented on various CDC systems including CDC 7600
1984 version to be released late 1984, or 1985
Documentation:
Software:
Information:
Reeves and Cranwell 1981; Finley and Reeves 1978
National Energy Software Center
Argonne National Laboratories
Argonne, IL 60439
Intera Environmental Consultants, Inc.
11999 Katy Freeway, Suite 610
Houston, TX 77079
5.2.4 Dose-Response Models
GAMMA MULTIHIT MODEL
Generalization of One-Hit Model
Assumes that a response requires more than one hit (dose)
Exhibits a greater variety of behavior than one-hit model
* Can accommodate a wider range of data than one-hit or multistage models
Excess risk is convex for more than one hit, concave for less than one, Unear for one hit
Inconclusive for a negative or non-integer number of hits
Resembles curves with thresholds at low levels
May "manufacture" a background rate even with no evidence of one
Determination of formulae for confidence intervals is problematic
Less problematic when additive background is incorporated
References: For specific applications see the "hit theory" in Iverson and Arley, 1950 or
the "particle theory" in Cornfield, 1954. The gamma multihit model is
described in Chesson et al., 1984.
LOGIT MODEL
Similar to Probit Model (see below) but approaches zero more slowly
Low dose linearity implies a concave dose response curve at higher doses
* Extrapolations will be close to gamma-multihit model
References: Worcester and Wilson, 1943 and Berkson, 1944. A more general model
of which both Probit and Logit models are special cases was proposed in
Prentice, 1976. See also Chesson et al., 1984.
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MULTISTAGE MODEL,
A form of the Weibull model (see below)
Accounts for cancer death rate proportional to some power of age
Assumes that a cell goes through a variable number of distinct stages in a specific order before becom-
ing cancerous
Assumes rate within each stage is constant and related to dose
Recommended for low-risk assessment of cancer
Estimation is more complicated than with other models
Uses computer program GLOBAL 79 to calculate confidence intervals
References: Armoitage and Doll, 1961 and Crump et. al., 1976.
See also Chesson et. al., 1984.
ONE-HIT MODEL
Linear at low doses, concave at high doses (sometimes called "linear model")
Assumes a response after a single biologically effective Unit of dose
Provides a conservative estimate of risk at low doses
References: Chesson et al., 1984.
PROBIT MODEL
Tolerance distribution model
Assumes tolerance to follow a lognormal distribution
Has been used to describe "time to response" data
Tends to give a high VSD
References: Finney, 1971. A more general model of which both Probit and Logit
models are special cases was proposed in Prentice, 1976. The Probit
model is described in Chesson et. al., 1984.
WEIBULL MODEL
Tolerance distribution model suggested by human cancer incidence patterns
Assumes cancer begins in a single cell
Assumes individual cells in a tissue behave independently
Accounts for external forces hie death of some person in sample set by non-measured causes before
cancer could be diagnosed
Low dose linearity implies a concave dose response curve at higher doses
References: Suggested in Cook et al., 1969. See also Chesson et al., 1984.
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5.3 REFERENCES AND DOCUMENTATION OF MODELS
Armitage, P., Doll, R., 1961.
Stochastic Models for Carcinogenesis.
Proceedings 4th Berkeley Symposium IV, pp. 19-38
Berkson, J., 1944.
Application of the Logistic Function to Bioassay.
In: J American Statistical Association 39:134-167.
Bonazountas, M., Wagner, J., 1981.
SESOIL, A Seasonal Soil Compartment Model.
A.D. Little Inc. for U.S. EPA
Cambridge, MA
Contract No.: 68-01 6271.
Bowers, J.F., et al. 1979.
Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model User's Guide, Volumes I and II.
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
EPA 450/4-79 030
As reviewed in: Bonazountas, M., Fiksel, J., et. al. 1982.
Environmental Mathematical Pollutant Fate Modeling Handbook/Catalogue (Draft).
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA,
Office of Policy and Resource Management.
Contract No.: 68-01-5146
Bums LA., Cline D.M., Lassiter, R.R., 1982.
Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS) User Manual and System Documentation.
Athens, GA
Environmental Research Laboratory,
Office of Research and Development,
U.S. EPA
EPA-600/3-82-023
As reviewed in: Versar Inc. 1983. . x . ,. ,,, .
Methodology for Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via the Ingestion of Drinking Water.
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6438
Burt, E., 1977.
VALLEY Model User's Guide.
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
EPA-450/2-77-018
As reviewed in: U.S. EPA. 1982.
Environmental Modeling Catalogue.
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Information Clearing House. PM 211 A.
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Busse, A.D., Zimmerman, J.R. 1976.
User's Guide For The Climatological Dispersion Model.
Research Triangle Park, NC
U.S. EPA
EPA-R4-73-024
As reviewed in: Bonazountas M., Fiksel J., et al.1982.
Environmental Mathematical Pollutant Fate Modeling Handbook/Catalogue (Draft).
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA,
Office of Policy and Resource Management
Contract No.: 68-01-5146
Chesson, J., Zanetos, M.A. 1984.
Documentation of High to Low Dose Extrapolation Models Used in Quantitative Risk Assessment:
Assessment of Models. Draft Final Report.
Batelle, Washington D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances,
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6721
Christiansen, J.H., 1976.
Design and Application Of The Texas Episodic Model. Proceedings of the Conference on
Environmental Modeling and Simulation.
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
EPA-600/9-76-016
As reviewed in: U.S. EPA. 1982.
Environmental Modeling Catalogue.
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Information Clearing House. PM 211 A.
Cook, P.J., Doll, R., Fellingham, S.A., 1969.
A Mathematical Model For The Age Distribution Of Cancer In Man.
Int. J. Cancer 4:93-112.
Cornfield, J. 1954.
Measurement and comparison of toxicities: the quantal response. In: Statistics and Mathematics in
Biology.
Kempthorne O., Baneroft T.A., Gowen J.W., and Lush J.L., eds. Ames:
Iowa State College Press, pp. 327-344
Crump, K.S., Hoel, D.G., Langley, C.H., Peto, R. 1976.
Fundamental Carcinogenic Processes and Their Implications For Low Dose Risk Assessment.
Cancer Research 36:2973-2979
Delos, C.G., Richardson, W.L, Depinto, J.V., et. al. 1984. .
Technical guidance manual for performing wasteload allocations, Book II: Streams and Rivers
U.S. EPA
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Water Quality Analysis Branch
Washington, D.C.
Enfield, C.G., Carsel, R.F., Cohen, S.Z., Phan, T., Walters, D.M. 1982.
Approximating pollutant transport to ground water.
Ground Water 20 (6) 711-722.
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Finley, N.C., Reeves, M. 1978.
SWIFT self-teaching curriculum.
Washington, D.C.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NUREG/CR 1968, SAND 81-0410
As reviewed in: Lo T.Y.R., Scott B.H., Benjamin R.R. 1983.
Remedial Action Assessment Models for Hazardous Waste Sites. Review draft.
Athens, GA
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-03-3116
Finney, DJ. 1971.
Problt analysis (3rd edition).
London
Cambridge University Press
General Software Corporation. 1982.
Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS) User's Guide.
Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6618
Gupta, S.K., Kincaid, C.T., Meyer, P.R., Newbill, C.A., Cole, C.R. 1982.
A Multl Dimensional Finite Element Code for The Analysts of Coupled Fluid, Energy, and Solute
Transport (CFEST).
Richiand, WA
Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory
PNL-2939
As reviewed in: Lo T.Y.R., Scott, B.H., Benjamin, R.R. 1983.
Remedial Action Assessment Models for Hazardous Waste Sites. Review draft.
Athens, GA
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-03-3116
HydroQual, Inc. 1982.
Application Guide for CMA - HydroQual Chemical Fate Models.
Prepared for: Chemical Manufacturers Association,
Washington, D.C.
As reviewed in: Dixon, et al., 1985.
Methodology For Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via The Ingestion of Drinking Water.
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01 6271
NTIS PB 86 132156
Iverson, S., Arley, N., 1950.
On the Mechanism of Experimental Carcinogenesis.
ActaPath. Micro Scan, 27:1-31
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Johnanson, R.C., Imhoff, G.C., Davis, H.H., 1980. Hydrocomp Inc.
Users Manual for Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF)
Athens, GA
Office of Research and Development,
U.S. EPA
EPA-600/9-80 015
As reviewed in: Dixon, et. al., 1985.
Methodology for Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via the Ingestion of Drinking Water
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01 6271
NTIS PB 86 132156
Kent, D.C., Pettyjohn, W.A., Witz, R, Prickett, T. 1982.
Prediction of Leachate Plume Migration and Mixing in Ground Water.
Solid and Hazardous Waste Research and Development Annual Symposium proceedinqs
Columbus, OH
National Water Well Association.
As reviewed in: Versar Inc. 1983.
Theoretical Evaluation of Sites Located in The Zone of Saturation. Draft Final Report
Chicago, IL '
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01 6438
Konikow, L.F., Bredehoeft, J.D. 1974.
Computer model of two dimensional transport and dispersion in ground water.
Washington, D.C.
U.S. Geological Survey
Techniques of Water Resource Investigation, Book 7, Chapter 2.
As reviewed in: Versar Inc. 1983.
Theoretical Evaluation of Sites Located in The Zone of Saturation. Draft Final Report
Chicago, IL
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6438
Mills, W.B., Dean, J.D., Porcella, D.B., et al. 1982.
Water Quality Assessment: A Screening Procedure For Toxic and Conventional Pollutants- part 1
Tetra Tech, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
Athens, GA
Contract No.: 68-03-2673
Onishi, Y., Wise, S.E. 1982a. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories.
Mathematical Model, SERATRA, For Sediment Contaminant Transport in Rivers and Its Application to
Pesticide Transport in Four Mile and Wolf Creeks in Iowa.
Athens, GA
Office of Research and Development,
U.S. EPA
EPA-600-3/82-045
As reviewed in: Versar Inc. 1983.
Methodology for Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via the Ingestion of Drinkina Water
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01 -6271.
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Onlshi, Y., Wise, S.E. 1982b. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory.
User's Manual For the Instream Sediment Contaminant Transport Model SERATRA.
Athens, GA
Office of Research and Development,
U.S. EPA
EPA 600 3/82-055
As reviewed in: Versar Inc. 1983.
Methodology For Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via the Ingestion of Drinking Water.
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6438.
Peterson, William, B., 1978.
User's Guide to PAL-A Gaussian Plume Algorithm for Point, Area and Line Sources,
U.S. EPA,
Research Triangle Park, NC
Environmental Monitoring Series
EPA 600/4-78-013 (NTIS PB 274 054)
Prentice, R.L, 1976.
A Generalization Of The Probit and Logit Methods For Dose Response Curves.
Biometrics 32:761-768.
Prickett, T. A., Maymik, T. G., Lonnquist, C.G., 1981.
A "Random-Walk" Solute Transport Model For Selected Groundwater Quality Evaluations.
Champaign, IL
Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources
ISWS/BUL 65/81
As reviewed in: Versar Inc. 1983.
Theoretical Evaluation of Sites Located in The Zone of Saturation. Draft Final Report.
Chicago, IL
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6438
Reeves, M., Cranwell, R.M., 1981.
User's Manual for the Sandia Waste-Isolation Flow Transport model (SWIFT).
Washington, D.C.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NUREG/CR-2324, SAND81-2516
As reviewed in: Lo T.Y.R., Scott B.H., Benjamin R.R. 1983.
Remedial Action Assessment Models For Hazardous Waste Sites. Review draft.
Athens, GA
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-03-3116
Schnoor, J.L, Rao, N., Cartwright, K.J., Noll, R., Ruiz Calzada, C., 1981.
Verification of a Toxic Organic Substance Transport and Bioaccumulation Model. Final report.
Athens, GA
Office of Research and Development,
U.S. EPA
Grant No. R-80605 02
As reviewed in: Dixon et al., 1985.
Methodology for Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via The Ingestion of Drinking Water.
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6271. NTIS PB 86 132156
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Texas Air Control Board. 1980.
User's guide to the Texas Climatological Model.
Austin, TX
Texas Air Control Board
As reviewed in: U.S. EPA. 1982.
Environmental Modeling Catalogue
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Information Clearing House. PM-211A.
Turner, D.B., Busse, A.D., 1973.
User's Guides To The Interactive Version of Three Point Source Dispersion Programs- PTMAX PTDIS
and PTMTP (preliminary draft). '
Research Triangle Park, NIC
U.S. EPA
EPA/DF-81/001f
As reviewed in: Bonazountas M., Fiksel J., et al. 1982.
Environmental Mathematical Pollutant Fate Modeling Handbook/Catalogue (Draft)
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA,
Office of Policy and Resource Management.
Contract No.: 68-01-5146.
Turner, D., Bruce and Joan Hreako-Novak, 1978
User's Guide for RAM.
Vol. I, Algorithm Description and Use, EPA 600/8-78 01 6a (NTIS PB-294 791)
Vol. II, Data Preparation and Listings, EPA 600/8-78-016b (NTIS PB-294 792)
Research Triangle Park, NC
U.S. EPA. 1985.
Modeling Remedial Actions at Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
EPA/540/2 85/001 (NTIS PB 85-211357)
U.S. EPA. 1977.
Monitoring and Data Analysis Division,
Research Triangle Park, NC
User's Manual for Single Source (CRSTER) Model
EPA-450/2 77-013 (NTIS PB-271-360)
Worcester, J., Wilson, E.B., 1943.
The Determination of LD50 and Its Sampling Error in Bioassay.
Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 29:79 85.
Yeh, G.T., Ward, D.S., 1981.
Me*.
Environmental Services Division:
Publication No. 1462, ORNL-5602. 137 p.
As seen in: Versar Inc. 1983.
Theoretical Evaluation of Sites Located in the Zone of Saturation.
Chicago, IL
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6438
Draft Final Report
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Yeh, G.T., 1982. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. .,..,.*
CHNTRN: A Chemical Transport Model for Simulating Sediment and Chemical Distribution in a
Stream/River Network.
Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
U.S EPA
Contract No.: W 7405 eng-26
As reviewed in: Dixon, et al., 1985. . .
Methodology for Assessing Exposures to Chemical Substances Via the Ingestion of Drinking Water,
Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA
Contract No.: 68-01-6271. NTIS PB 86 132156
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CHAPTER 6
MANUALS, DIRECTORIES AND PERIODICALS
This chapter presents manuals, directories, and periodicals that are useful sources of information in per-
forming risk assessments. Manuals are considered documents with the purpose of giving guidance or in-
structions for carrying out a specific function, such as conducting public health evaluations under Superfund
or using a particular modeling system. Directories are compilations of information resources, names and ad-
dresses, or chemical activity status reports. Periodicals are regularly published newsletters, bulletins, and
reports that also contain information relevant to risk assessments.
Manuals are listed in Section 6.1, directories are presented in Section 6.2, and periodicals are in Section
6.3. Because these information resources are typically broad in scope with information that may be useful
throughout the risk assessment process, they are not categorized according to specific risk assessment
steps (i.e., hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization
as described in Chapter 2). For each manual, directory, and periodical, a brief description of its content is
given along with a full bibliographic reference or point of contact.
6.1 MANUALS
The Endangerment Assessment Handbook
This document, which was prepared and distributed by EPA's Office of Waste Programs Enforcement
(OWPE), provides guidance to EPA regional, state, and contractor personnel on conducting endangerment
assessments and preparing the necessary documentation. Its primary purpose is to assist individuals in the
preparation of endangerment assessment documents to satisfy enforcement needs. The handbook explains
the use of endangerment assessment as an enforcement tool, its relationship to other documents which may
be prepared for a specific site, and instructions for preparing the endangerment assessment document
Reference:
Contract No.:
PRC Engineering. 1985.
Submitted to the Office of Waste Programs Enforcement
U.S. EPA.,
68-01-7037.
Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS) User's Guide
This handbook describes the GEMS, an interactive computer system developed in the Exposure Evalua-
tion Division of the Office of Toxic Substances. The purpose of the document is to describe GEMS from the
users point of view. It is intended to serve as a comprehensive guide to the use of GEMS by personnel
without great knowledge of computer programming.
Reference:
Contract No.
General Software Corporation. 1984.
Submitted to the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
U.S. EPA.
68-01-6618.
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Guidance on Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA
This document provides guidance for the preparation of feasibility studies required under the revised Na-
tional Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan. It provides project managers and decision
makers In government and industry with guidelines for developing and evaluating alternative remedial respon-
ses to uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances. In conjunction with other publications in this series, it
will assist in meeting the national goal of adequately protecting public health, welfare, and the environment.
Reference:
U.S. EPA, 1985.
Guidance on Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, D.C.
Guidance on Remedial Investigations Under CERCLA
This document provides guidance on the conduct of remedial investigations in support of feasibility
studies under Superfund and the National Contingency Plan. Essential steps in the remedial investigation
process are described and the document identifies important factors, information, and analysis needs to
scope the investigations; prepare all necessary plans (health and safety, sampling, data management); con-
duct the site assessment; and evaluate and present results. The guidance document provides government
and private personnel with the means to plan, prepare, conduct, and conclude remedial investigations con-
sistent with hazardous waste site clean-up legislation and site-specific requirements.
Reference:
U.S. EPA, 1985.
Guidance on Remedial Investigations Under CERCLA.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, D.C.
A Manual for the Preparation of Engineering Assessments
The manual contains models used by the Office of Toxic Substances Chemical Engineering Branch to as-
sess occupational exposure and environmental releases.
Reference:
Telephone:
William Burch,
Chemical Engineering Branch,
Economics and Technology Division,
U.S. EPA
Office of Toxic Substances
FTS 382-3664
OTS Exposure Assessment Manuals
EPA's Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) has developed a series of manuals outlining methods for as-
sessing exposure to chemical substances. The series consists of five volumes, the first providing an intro-
duction to the overall exposure assessment process and, as noted by the following references, subsequent
volumes pertain to exposure assessments conducted for different purposes.
References:
Callahan, et. a!., 1985.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 1: Introduction.
EPA 560/5-85-001. NTIS PB 86-107083.
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Freed, et. al., 1985.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 2:
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances in the
Ambient Environment.
EPA 560/5-85 002. NTIS PB 86-107067
Adkins, et. al., 1985.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 3:
Methods for Assessing Exposure from Disposal of Chemical Substances.
EPA 560/5-85-003. NTIS PB 86 107059
Dixon, et. al., 1985a.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 4:
Methods for Enumerating and Characterizing Populations Exposed to
Chemical Substances.
EPA 560/5-85 004. NTIS PB 86 107042
Dixon, et. al., 1985b.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 5:
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances in Drinking Water.
EPA 560/5-85-005. NTIS PB 86 132156
Shultz, et. al., 1985.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances, Vol. 6:
Methods for Assessing Occupational Exposure to Chemical Substances.
EPA 560/5-85-006. (NTIS PB number to be assigned.)
Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual
This manual presents an integrated methodology designed to guide the execution of four major com-
ponent analyses required in support of Superfund site Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies: (1)
analysis of toxic contaminant releases from a subject site; (2) determination of the environmental fate of
such contaminants; and (3) evaluation of human population exposure. The first three analyses are con-
ducted as components of the site Remedial Investigation. The last is executed as part of the Feasibilitv
Study.
Reference:
Contract Numbers:
Task No.:
Work Assignment No.: 23-2
Versar, Inc., 1986.
Submitted to the Office of Toxic Substances,
Exposure Evaluation Division,
U.S. EPA.
68-01-6271,
59; 68-03-3149,
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual
This manual establishes a framework for analyzing public health risks at Superfund sites and for develop-
ing design goals for remedial alternatives that are based on applicable or relevant and appropriate require-
ments of other laws, where available, or risk analysis where those requirements are not available. These pro-
cedures were developed by EPA's Office of Emergency and Remedial Response in conjunction with an
Agency-wide Working Group, which included representatives from the program offices, the Office of
Research and Development, the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, and several Regional offices. The
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procedures provided in the manual are designed to conform to EPA's risk assessment guidelines. The
manual provides a range of analytical requirements that may be needed at a particular site.
Reference:
U.S. EPA. 1986.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Submitted by ICF Inc. under Contract Number: 68-01 7090
Toxicology Handbook, Principals Related to Hazardous Waste Site Investigation
This handbook describes the processes and procedures involved in collecting and interpreting the infor-
mation needed to perform a toxicity assessment as part of a risk assessment. It is prepared and distributed
by the EPA's Office of Waste Programs Enforcement. The handbook is intended to provide an introduction
to the toxicity assessment process and some of the major elements involved.
Reference:
Contract No.:
PRC Engineering. 1985.
Submitted to the Office of Waste Programs Enforcement,
U.S. EPA.
68-01-7037
The Use of Risk Assessment In EPA Regional Operations
This report examines the nature and use of risk assessment in U.S. EPA Regional operations. The
report was done to clarify what the term "risk assessment" means in the context of current Regional policies
and procedures. It focuses on the use of risk assessment to estimate human health impacts from toxic
chemical exposures in site-specific situations. It is based on a survey of regulatory programs at a "typical"
Regional office - Region IV, located in Atlanta, Georgia. From the survey results, the step-by-step process in-
volved In site-specific risk assessment is defined. The report also presents recommendations for ensuring
the scientific quality and consistency of site specific risk assessments.
Reference:
U.S. EPA. November 1985.
Region 4. EPA 904/5-85 140.
User Guide to Chemical Activity Status Report (CASR)
This manual describes the scope and organization of information contained in CASR as well as the basic
search and display techniques. The manual also lists some sample searches done on specific chemicals
and shows displays from the searches.
Reference:
Contract No.:
Computer Sciences Corp. 1985.
Prepared by EPA CIS User Support Group.
6639-151.
6-4
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6.2 DIRECTORIES
Chemical Activities Status Report, Fourth Edition, Volumes I & II
These reports summarize EPA's chemical related activities. The reports are organized into three sec-
tions which include 1) an alphabetized chemical name reference listing; 2) a chemical name synonym list,
and; 3) an EPA chemical activities report arranged sequentially by CAS Registry Number. It is prepared and
distributed by the Chemical Policy and Coordination Staff of OTS.
Reference:
U.S. EPA. 1985.
Prepared by Chemical Coordination Staff of the
Office of Toxic Substances. February.
Directory of Online Data Bases
This publication provides brief summaries of 2764 data bases and files available through online services.
Brief introductory material about online data base services is also included. Online services are indexed by
telecommunication networks through which they are available.
Reference:
LC Catalog No.:
Cuadia Associates, Inc.
79-54776.
Santa Monica, CA
1985 (Vol. 6, Numbers).
Groundwater Management: The Use of Numerical Models, 2nd Edition
This monograph discusses ground-water models and their applications in the management of water
resource systems. The kinds of models that have been developed, their availability, data and technical exper-
tise requirements and their specific and general roles in ground water management are discussed The first
chapters are dedicated to brief reviews of ground water systems, ground-water management, and the basic
mathematics equations used in ground water modeling. The appendix contains a comprehensive list of
models, a bibliography and a list of model contact addresses.
Reference:
Paul van der Heijde, Yehuda Bachmat, John Bredehoeft,
Barbara Andrews, David Holz, and Scott Sebastian. 1985.
American Geophysical Union Water Resources Monograph 5.
American Geophysical Union,
Washington, D.C.
Industry Program Interaction Matrix; A Guide to Agency Personnel Who Are Familiar with Selected In-
dustries
This document identifies headquarters and regional/ lab personnel who may have current information
concerning specific segments of industry. The document contains a matrix which lists 81 industry
categories and their subcategories, along with the name, phone number, and organization of the EPA per-
sonnel who are responsible for that category or subcategory. Report is prepared and distributed by the
Chemical Coordination Staff of the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Reference:
U.S. EPA. 1984.
Prepared by Chemical Coordination Staff of the
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. June.
6-5
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Information Resources in Toxicology
This book is a succinct guide to major sources of information in the field of toxicology. It deals with
sources relevant to chemical, physical and biological hazards to man, although the chemical hazards have
been emphasized. Brief descriptions are provided for books, special monographs, popular literature, peri-
odicals, journal articles, abstracts, data bases, organizations, relevant legislation and regulations, educational
institutions, and other directories. Although the book focuses on toxicology in the United States, one chap-
ter Is devoted to International Activities. Appendices include a directory of poison control centers and a list
of selected abbreviations.
Reference:
Phillip Wexler, 1982.
Elsevier Publishing Co. Inc.,
New York
NIOSH Publication Catalog
This publication is a cumulative catalog of all National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) numbered publications, hazard evaluation and technical assistance reports, contract reports, in-
dustry-wide study reports, control technology reports, and miscellaneous reports (educational and training
materials). The publications listed are generally not available from NIOSH and must be purchased from the
Government Printing Office (GPO) or the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Instructions for or-
dering from GPO and NTIS are provided.
Reference:
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services (Sixth edition).
OHHS (NIOSH) Publication No.: 84-118
1984.
NTIS Directory of Computerized Data Files
This publication provides current information on the availability and content of Federal, machine-
readable data files which are available from NTIS. Technical reports are not described. Data file abstracts
are presented In sections for Economics, Social Sciences and Science and Technology. Data files are also
Indexed by agency, as well as NTIS order number and subject. All of the data files listed are available for
purchase from NTIS.
Reference:
U.S. Department of Commerce.
PB 85-155174
1985.
ORD Topical Directory
This directory provides a comprehensive alphabetical listing of areas in which the EPA Office of
Research and Development has technical expertise. The individuals who are active in these areas are listed
along with telephone numbers, office locations, and, if applicable, laboratory locations.
Reference:
U.S. EPA.
Office of Research and Development/Office of Research Planning and
Management/Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI)
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O7S Information Architecture Notebook
This handbook was originally prepared for internal uses within the EPA Office of Toxic Substances
(OTS). The handbook contains information on data bases and reference materials which are useful in the
review and analysis of the effects of chemical substances on human health and the environment.
Reference:
Contract No.:
U.S. EPA. 1983.
Report prepared by Office of Toxic Substances.
68-01-6651.
The Federal Data Base Finder
This publication identifies over 3,000 free and fee-based databases and files available from the Federal
Government. It is divided into sections for government controlled data bases (searchable directly through
Federal Agencies); commercial data bases (containing government supplied data available through commer-
cial vendors); and government data files and tapes (sold to the public from various organizations and depart-
ments).
Reference:
Zaronzny, Sharon and Monica Honer.
Information USA
Potomac, MD
1984 (1984-5 Edition).
The Status of Chemicals in the Special Review Program Registration Standards Program, and Data Call-
in Program
This report contains a listing of all chemicals which have been, or are being handled under the Special
Review Process; an alphabetical listing of chemicals active in the Registration Standard Development
Process; and identification of the chemicals which are processed in the Data Call-In program. The lists of
chemicals are maintained and distributed by the Office of Pesticides Programs and are updated semi annual-
ly.
Reference:
U.S. EPA. 1985.
Prepared by the Office of Pesticide Programs on a semi-annual basis.
6-7
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6.3 PERIODICALS
Accomplishments Under the New Chemical Program
This bulletin Is an annual summary of actions taken under Section 5 of TSCA. It contains a listing of the
formal and informal regulatory actions, as well as the Premanufacturing Notifications (PMN's) withdrawn.
Each PMN entry includes a brief description of the Agency's findings on the potential risk of the chemical,
the types of toxic data reviewed, the action taken by EPA, and the final disposition of the PMN.
Reference:
Contact:
FTS Phone:
U.S. EPA,
Chemical Control Division
Wendy Cleland-Hammett,
8-382-3784
Chemlcals-!n-Progress Bulletin
The Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) publishes the above, which summarizes developments within OTS
pertaining to the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). Information within the Bulletin includes current as
well as near term plans. The Bulletin is published on a monthly basis.
Reference:
Phone:
U.S. EPA.
Office of Toxic Substances,
TSCA Assistance Office (TS-799)
(800) 424-9065
CIS News
CIS News, published by Chemical Information Systems (CIS), Inc., is a monthly newsletter tailored
specifically to developments, updates and future plans within CIS. The information contains notes on data
bases, meetings, seminars, and major company events.
Reference:
Chemical Information Systems, Inc.
7215 York Road
Baltimore, MD 21212
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division (ECAD) Quarterly Report
This report summarizes the status of all chemicals in the OTS assessment process. The reports are
designed for internal OTS purposes. An abbreviated, tabular version of the Quarterly Report is also
published every two months as the Bl-Monthly Assessment Report.
Reference:
Contact:
FTS Phone:
U.S. EPA,
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division
Jeanette Wiltse,
8-382-3832
6-8
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Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) Report Bibliographies
The Information Management Division maintains bibliographies of OTS publications. These are updated
on a periodic basis.
Reference:
Contact:
FTS Phone:
U.S. EPA,
Information Management Division
Geraldine Nowak,
8-382-3568
Risk Assessment Review
This publication intends to serve as a forum for information exchange on risk assessment activities and
developments. The Review is the product of a cooperative effort between the Office of Research and
Development and the Regional Risk Assessment Network. The information covered includes reviews of cur-
rent and future programs related to risk assessment. It is published on a monthly basis.
Reference:
U.S. EPA, « '
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Office of Research and Development
To be added to the mailing list, contact:
CERI Distribution,
26 W. St. Clair,
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Annual Report
This report summarizes EPA's activities under TSCA during the last current fiscal year, and includes not
only direct rule making activities, but also such'item's as data collection procedures risk evaluation
strategies, rule making processes, policy statements, enforcement activities, and any litigation There have
been 8 annual reports since TSCA took effect in January, 1977, fulfilling the Congressional reportinq require-
ments under sections 9(d), 28(c), and 30 of the Act
Reference:
Contact:
FTS Phone:
U.S. EPA,
Office of Program Management and Evaluation
Brenda Kover,
8-382-3784
6-9
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CHAPTER 7
PUBLICATIONS
Bibliographic references to general literature, textbooks, and other publications that are useful risk as-
sessment information resources are listed in this chapter. Specifically-cited and titled publications and more
generically-referenced resources are included in Sections 7.1 and 7.2 respectively. Although the publica-
tions itemized in Section 7.1 are generally applicable to more than one step in the risk assessment process
these specifically-cited publications are grouped with those related to hazard identification in Section 71 v
publications related to dose-response assessment in Section 7.1.2; exposure assessment publications in Sec-
tion 7.1.3; and publications related to risk characterization in Section 7.1.4. Chapter 2 of this Directory
describes the purpose of these different risk assessment steps and the types of information needed to ac-
complish each. The generically referenced resources in Section 7.2 may contain various individual com-
ponents under each title and are thus too broad in their applications to be placed into one specific section.
The publications listed below are identified, through interviews with EPA and npn-EPA employees as
commonly used risk assessment references or were extracted from publication lists from other known docu-
ments related to risk assessment. Additional bibliographic references for specific exposure assessment and
dose-response models are given in Chapter 5, and additional references for manuals and directories are
given in Chapter 6.
7.1 SPECIFIC CITATIONS
7.1.1 Publications Related to Hazard Identification
Browning E., 1979.
Toxicity of Industrial Metals. New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Clayton, G.D., and Clayton, F.E., eds., 1981.
Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3rd edition.
Dawson, et al., 1980.
Physical/Chemical Properties of Hazardous Waste Constituents.
Prepared by Southeast Environmental Research Laboratory for U.S. EPA.
Food and Drug Administration, 1970.
Radiological Health Handbook
Bureau of Radiological Health
Rockville, Maryland.
GCA Corporation, 1982.
Evaluation and Selection of Models for Estimating Air Emissions from Hazardous
Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities.
Prepared for U.S. EPA,
Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, D.C.
7-1
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Gosselin, R.E., Smith, P.P., and Hodge, H.C. 1984.
Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.
Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 5th Ed.
Grain, C.F., 1982.
Vapor Pressure.
Chapter 14 in Lyman et al., Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods,
McGraw-Hill, 1982.
(ARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans.
International Agency for Research on Cancer,
Lyon, France (continuing series).
Klrk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 1978.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ,
New York, 3rd Ed.
Lyman, et al., 1982.
Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods.
McGraw-Hill, New York
Mackison, F.W., Stricoff, R.S., Partridge, L.J., and Little, A.D., 1980.
NIOSHIOSHA Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Publication No.: 78-210
Mills, W.B., Dean, J.D., Porcella, D.B., et al., 1982.
Water Quality Assessment: A Screening Procedure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants,
Parts One and Two.
Office of Research and Development,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Athens, GA
EPA 600/6-82-004 a and b.
Perry, R.H. and Chilton, C.H., eds., 1983.
Chemical Engineers' Handbook,
McGraw-Hill, 5th Ed.
Plunkett, E.R., 1976.
Handbook of Industrial Toxicology.
Chemical Publishing Co., Inc.
New York
RTECS (Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances).
NIOSH (published annually)
Sax, N.I., 1984.
Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. Sixth edition
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
New York
Shepard, T.H., 1980.
Catalog of Teratogenic Agents. Third edition.
The Johns Hopkins University Press
Baltimore, MD
7-2
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980a.
Ambient Water Quality Criteria Documents for [Specific Chemical].
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
NTIS PB 81 -117251, for entire set
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980b.
Water Quality Criteria Documents Availability.
Federal Register 45:79318-79379
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1981.
Treatability Manual, Volume I.
Office of Research and Development,
EPA 600/2-82-0013. NTIS PB 80 223050
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983.
Technical Support Document and Summary Table for the Ranking of Hazardous Chemicals
Based on Carcinogenicity, External Review Draft.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
OHEA-C-073
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984.
Characterization of Constituents from Selected Waste Streams Listed in 40 CFR Part 261
Office of Solid Waste
Prepared by Environ Corporation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985a.
Proposed Maximum Contaminant Levels for Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals in
Drinking Water.
Federal Register 50(219)46902-46933
Verschueren, K., 1983.
Handbook of Environmental Data for Organic Chemicals.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
New York, 2nd ed.
Weast, R.C., ed., 1979.
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
CRC Press, Inc.
Boca Raton, FL
Windholz et al., ed., 1983.
The Merck Index.
Merck & Company, Inc.,
Rahway, New Jersey, 10th ed.
7-3
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7.1.2 Publications Related to Dose-Response Assessments
Mclaughlin, T., 1984.
Review of Dermal Absorption.
EPA-600/8-84-033. NTIS No. PB85-170694
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), 1968.
Report of Committee IV on Evaluation of Radiation Doses to Body Tissues from
Internal Contamination Due to Occupational Exposure.
ICRP Publication 10
Pergamon Press,
New York.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986a.
Guidelines for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment.
Federal Register 51:33992-34003
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986b.
Guidelines for Exposure Assessment.
Federal Register 51:34042-34054
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986c.
Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment.
Federal Register 51:34006.34012
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986d.
Guidelines for the Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants.
Federal Register 51:34028:34040
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986e.
Guidelines for the Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures.
Federal Register 51:34014-34025
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985a.
Health Effects Assessment for [Specific Chemical].
[Note: 58 individual documents available for specific chemicals or chemical groups.]
NTIS PB 86-134111, for entire set
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, I985b.
Relative Carcinogenic Potencies among 54 Chemicals Evaluated by the Carcinogen Assessment
Group as Suspect Human Carcinogens.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984.
Summary Data Tables for Chronic Noncarcinogenic Effects.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
[Note: prepared during reportable quantity adjustment process.]
U.S. Office of Science and Technology Policy, 1985.
Chemical Carcinogens; A Review of the Science and Its Associated Principles.
Federal Register 50(50): 10372-10442
7-4
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7.1.3 Publications Related to Exposure Assessment
Anderson, E., et. al., 1985.
Development of Statistical Distributions or Ranges of Standard Factors Used in Exposure
Assessments.
EPA-600/8-85-010. NTIS No. PB85-242667/AS
Basta, D.J. and Bower, B.T., 1982.
Analyzing Natural Systems Resources for the Future.
Washington, D.C.
Bureau of the Census, 1984.
Statistical Abstract of the United States 1984
104th Ed.
Callahan, etal., 1979.
Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority Pollutants
Volumes I and II,
Office of Water Planning and Standards,
Office of Water and Waste Management,
U.S. EPA,
EPA Contract Nos.: 68-01 3852 and 68-01-3867
Cowherd, Chatten, et. al., 1985.
Rapid Assessment of Exposure to Paniculate Emissions from Surface Contamination Sites
NTIS No.: PB192219/AS. EPA-600/8-85-002
Cupitt, L.T., 1980.
Fate of Toxic and Hazardous Materials in the Air Environment.
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, ORD
U.S. EPA, PB80-22/948
Dawson, Gaynor et. al., 1985.
Dioxin Transport from Contaminated Site to Exposure Locations
EPA-600/8-85-012. NTIS No. PB85 214310/AS
Dickson, K.L., Maki, A.W., and Cairns, J., 1982.
Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment.
Ann Arbor Science
Donigian, A., et. al., 1983.
Rapid Assessment of Potential Groundwater Contamination Under
Emergency Response Conditions.
EPA 600-8-83-030. NTIS No.: PB84-133123
Fiserova-Bergerova, Vera, 1983.
Modeling of Inhalation Exposure to Vapors: Uptake, Distribution and Elimination Volume I
CRC Press, Inc.
Boca Raton, FL
Food and Drug Administration, 1980.
Fiscal Year 1979 Total Diet Studies - Adult
NTIS PB 83-112722
7-5
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Freeze, R. and Cherry, J., 1979.
Groundwater.
Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), 1975.
Report of the Task Group on Reference Man. No. 23.
Pergamon Press,
New York
International Standards Organization (ISO), 1981.
Recommendations on Size Definitions for Particle Sampling.
Report of Ad Hoc Working Group to Technical Committee 146 Air Quality, ISO.
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. (42),
May 1981.
Jaber, et al., 1984.
Data Acquisition for Environmental Transport and Fate Screening.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
U.S. EPA,
Washington, D.C.
EPA 600/6-84-009
Kenaga, E.E. and Goring, C.A.I., 1978. .. .
Relationship Between Water Solubility, Soil Sorptlon, Octanol/Water Partitioning,
and Bhconcentration of Chemicals in Biota. .
In: Aquatic Toxicology, ASTM STP 707, J.G. Eaton, P.R. Parrish, and A.C. Hendncks, Eds.
American Society for Testing and Materials,
Philadelphia, PA
Kirnbrough, R. etal.,1984.
Health Implications of 2,3,7,8 TCDD Contamination of Residential Soil.
J. of Tox. and Env. Health. Vol. 14, No. 1.
Mabey, etal.,1982.
Aquatic Fate Process Data for Organic Priority Pollutants.
Prepared by SRI International,
EPA Contract Nos.: 68-01 3867 and 68-03-2981,
Prepared for Monitoring and Data Support Division,
Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.
Maki, A.W., Dickson, K.L., and Cairns, J., eds., 1980.
Blotransformation and Fate of Chemicals in Aquatic Environments.
American Society for Microbiology,
Washington, D.C.
Menzer, R.E. and Nelson, J.O., 1980.
Water and Soil Pollutants.
Chapter 25 in Doull, J., Klaassen, C.D., and Amdur, M.D., Toxicology,
MacMillan, 1980.
National Academy of Sciences, 1977.
Drinking Water and Health. Volume I.
NRC Press,
Washington, D.C.
7-6
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National Academy of Sciences, 1980.
Drinking Water and Health. Volume II.
NRC Press,
Washington, D.C.
National Academy of Sciences, 1980.
Drinking Water and Health. Volume III.
NRC Press,
Washington, D.C.
National Academy of Sciences, 1982.
Drinking Water and Health. Volume IV.
NRC Press,
Washington, D.C.
National Academy of Sciences, 1983.
Drinking Water and Health. Volume V.
NRC Press,
Washington, D.C.
Nelson, D.W., Elrick, D.E., Tangi, K.K., Krai, D.M., and Hawkins, S.L, eds., 1983.
Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in Soil Systems:
Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the American Society of Agronomy
and the Soil Science Society of America.
American Society of Agronomy,
The Soil Science Society of America,
Madison, WS
Swann, R.L and Eschenroeder, A., 1983.
Fate of Chemicals in the Environment: Compartmented and Multimedia Models for Predictions
American Chemical Society,
Washington, D.C.
Tabak, H.H., Quave, S.A., Mashni, C.I., and Barth, E.F., 1981.
Biodegradability Studies with Organic Priority Pollutant Compounds
J. Water Pollution Control
Fed. 53(10):1503.1518
Turner, D.B., 1970.
Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates. AP-26
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Air Programs,
Research Triangle Park, NC
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984.
Exposure Profiles for RCRA Risk-Cost Analysis Model
Office of Solid Waste
Prepared by Environ Corporation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980.
Water Quality Criteria Documents Availability.
Federal Register 45:79318-79379
7-7
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Walton, W.E., 1985.
Practical Aspects of Ground Water Modeling.
National Water Well Association,
Worthington, OH
Whitmore, R.W., 1985.
Methodology for Characterization of Uncertainty in Exposure Assessments.
EPA-600/8-85-009. NTIS No. PB85 240455/AS
7.1.4 Publications Related to Risk Characterization
National Academy Press. 1985.
Risk Assessment in the Federal Court. Managing the Process.
Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health,
Commission on Life Sciences,
National Resource Council
Schaum, J., 1984.
Risk Analysis of TCDD Contaminated Soil.
EPA 600/8 84-031. NTIS No. PB85 145704/AS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986a.
Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment.
Federal Register 51:33992-34003
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, I986b.
Guidelines for Exposure Assessment.
Federal Register 51:34042-34054
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986c.
Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment.
Federal Register 51:34006-34012
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986d.
Guidelines for the Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants.
Federal Register 51:34028-34040
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, I986e.
Guidelines for the Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures.
Federal Register 51:34014-34025
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985a.
Proposed Rule: National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan.
Federal Register 50:47912-47979
U.S. Office of Science and Technology Policy, 1985b.
Chemical Carcinogens; A Review of the Science and Its Associated Principles.
Federal Register 50(50):10372-10442
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984a.
Risk Analysis of TCDD Contaminated Soil.
Prepared by the Exposure Assessment Group,
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Washington, D.C.,
EPA 600/8-84 031
7-8
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984b.
Risk Assessment and Management: Framework for Decision Making
EPA-600/9-85-002
Zamuda, C.D., 1986.
The Superfund Record of Decision Process: Part 1, The Role of Risk Assessment.
Chemical Waste Litigation Reporter,
11 (6) :847859
7.2 GENERAL REFERENCES TO PUBLICATIONS
Chemical Advisories
These advisories are nonregulatory informational documents, intended to encourage voluntary risk-reduc-
tion actions by individuals or organizations in instances where regulatory control is not appropriate or as in-
terim measures while regulatory action is pursued. They provide information to the public on the toxic ef-
fects of chemicals of concern, routes of exposure, and alternative methods of reducing risks.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
Jeannette Wiltse,
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3832
Chemical Hazard Information Profiles (CHIPs)
CHIPs are summaries of readily available information on the health and environmental effects as well as
the exposure potential of a chemical. Various chemicals reviewed in the risk identification phase of the exist-
ing chemical review process are chosen for a CHIP. Information for a CHIP is gathered from various litera-
ture sources, data bases, companies, and other government agencies. To date, 240 CHIPs have been
prepared.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
James Darr,
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3470.
Current Awareness Reports
OTS prepares these reports from its continuous surveys of published literature. The reports are intended
to identify potentially significant risks and to document current knowledge of the cancer-causing ability of
each class of chemicals believed to have such effects.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
Joseph Arcos,
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3478.
7-9
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Environmental Effects Assessment Documents
This resource is a compendium of procedures which the Environmental Effects Branch employs to
evaluate the environmental effects of chemicals.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
James Gilford,
Health and Environmental Review Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-4237.
Health Effects Assessment Documents (HEAs)
HEAs summarize and evaluate information relevant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse health
effects associated with individual chemicals. The intent in these assessments is to suggest acceptab e ex-
posure levTs whenever sufficient data are available. Whenever possible two categories of exposure levels
a°e estimated for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is not the endpo.nt of concern). The first
the AIS or acceptable intake subchronic, is an estimate of an exposure level that would not be expected to
cause adverse effects when exposure occurs during a limited time interval The second, the acceptablenn-
teke chVonic CA1C) is similar in concept to the acceptable daily intake. AlC's estimate exposure levels that
±1nS^ be( expected to'cause adverse effects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of an in-
dividual's lifespan. HEAs are subject to EPA's peer and administrative review process. In total, over 58 in-
dividual documents are available for specific chemicals or chemical groups.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
Craig Zamuda,
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Policy Analysis Staff,
8-382-2201
HERD Science Issue Papers
These documents address some of the important issues which OTS encounters in evaluating the risk of
chemicals or determining the need for testing. The papers include such issues as h°w to interpret var.ous
test data and how to determine the combination of tests that will yield the most cost effective, high quality
data. To date, approximately 6 Science Issue Papers have been prepared.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
C.C. Lee,
Health and Environmental Review Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-4241
Industrial Process Profiles
These documents support the premanufacturing notification (PMN) review process by describing the
manufacturing processes which use a compound under consideration, the actual materials used in each
process, worker exposure to the compound, and waste disposal and relevant technology.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
Craig Matthiessen,
Economic and Technology Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3694
7-10
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industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use
These reports present the Chemical Engineering Branch's evaluation of ways to predict the release
potential for different chemical handling processes. These documents are also utilized during the new chemi-
cal Premanufacturing Notification (PMN) review process. To date, 9 process release documents have been
prepared.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
Larry Longanecker,
Economic and Technology Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-7971.
Interagency Testing Commission (ITC) Information Reviews
These papers document the reviews of chemicals which ITC conducts in deciding whether or not to
recommend them for testing. These reviews contain the following types of information: physical and chemi-
cal properties; exposure data; biochemical, toxicological, and environmental information; and observations in
humans. To date, approximately 500 chemicals or groups of chemicals have undergone initial reviews by
ITC and of these about 100 have been recommended for test rules development.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
Robert Brink,
Interagency Testing Committee,
8-382-3915.
Production/Exposure Profiles
These documents are used both to support the new chemical review process and to provide inputs into
the CHIP reports. A profile of a particular chemical contains the following types of information: production;
manufacturing and processing methods; intermediate and end uses; monitoring data; human and animal ex-
posure; disposal; names and locations of manufactures and processors; and environmental fate. As of
January 1986, 210 profiles have been prepared.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
Robert E. Lee,
Economic and Technology Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3703.
Risk Assessments and Precursor Documents
These reports are developed through OTS's risk assessments of chemicals of potential regulatory con-
cern. Each of these assessments is made up of numerous component analyses (e.g., exposure assessment,
hazard assessment, etc.) and may go through numerous versions. None of the component assessments
have ever been released by OTS and only two or three of the one to two dozen risk assessments have been
released (in conjunction with proposed regulatory actions).
Contact:
FTS Phone:
Jeannette Wiltse,
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3832
7-11
-------
Section 8(e) and For Your Information (FYI) Status Reports
Status reports are prepared from all Section 8(e) notifications and FYI submissions. Each report con-
tains the CAS number, chemical name, information type, or submission number and the OTS evaluation of
the significance of the submissions, including any recommended follow-up. As of January 1986, there are
status reports for 580 Section 8(e) submissions and a few more on the 470 FYl's.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
David Williams,
Existing Chemicals Assessment Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3468
Technical Support Documents
These documents support the significant rule-makings undertaken by OTS by providing evaluative infor-
mation. They address such topics as the technical basis for the action, the projected economic and
regulatory impacts, and other areas upon which OTS seeks comment.
Contact:
FTS Phone:
Deborah Williams,
Information Management Division,
U.S. EPA.
8-382-3598
7-12
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CHAPTER 8
HUMAN RESOURCES: OFFICES AND PERSONNEL
There will be occasions when the traditional information resources detailed in the previous chapters of
this Directory will not contain the data required to characterize risks. At those times it may be helpful to ac-
cess particular EPA offices, or non EPA individuals experienced with the problem area. Toward this end
this chapter lists EPA individuals or offices that have been identified as being likely sources of unique infor-
mation or advice concerning risk characterizations. It should be emphasized that individuals listed have con-
sented to the inclusion of their names under the understanding that they will be contacted only when all
other information resources have proven to be inadequate.
8.1 REGIONAL
EPA's Regional Network for Risk Assessment Issues was developed two years ago. The following
people are designated by Regional Administrators to serve as primary contacts for participating in agency
wide risk assessment initiatives. Many of them also chair their Region's cross-media committee for address-
ing toxic chemical exposure issues, so they have an overall perspective on risk assessment activities in their
Region. Susan Deihl or Earl Bozeman should be contacted for further information, Region IV, FTS 257-3776
Region I
Region II
Region III
Tom D'Avanzo
Chairman, Toxics Coordinating Committee
Air Management Division
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Room 2203
Boston, MA 02203
FTS 223-4864
Kevin Bricke, Chief
FTS 264-4296
Policy and Program Integration Branch
26 Federal Plaza
Room 900
New York, NY 10278
Maria Pavlova, M.D., Ph.D.
FTS 264-1918
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
Greene A. Jones, Director
FTS 597-9378
Environmental Services Division
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA
8-1
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Region TV
Region V
Region VI
Region VII
John A. Little
FTS 257-4727
Deputy Regional Administrator
FTS 257-4727
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
Susan Deihl
FTS 257-3776
Risk Assessment Coordinator
Office of Policy and Management
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
lla Cote, Toxicologist
FTS 629-5645
(Mail Drop 12)
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
David Dolan (5H-13)
FTS 886-5518
Pesticides and Toxic Substances Branch
Environmental Services Division
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Jim Bob Sales (6AWH)
FTS 729-9722
Hazardous Materials Branch
1201 Elm Street
Dallas, TX 75270
Jill Lyons
FTS 729-9187
Toxics Coordinator
Air Branch
1201 Elm Street
Dallas, TX 75270
William W. Rice
FTS 757-2800
Deputy Regional Administrator
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
Bob Fenemore
FTS 757-2835
Air and Toxics Division
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
8-2
-------
Region Tffll
Region IX
Region X
Jim Baker (8AW-WM)
FTS 564-1524
Air and Waste Management Division
One Denver Place
Denver, CO 80202-2413
Suzanne Wuerthele, Toxicologist
FTS 564-1743
(8AT-TS)
One Denver Place
Denver, CO 80202-2413
Arnold Den
FTS 454-7487
Senior Science Advisor
Office of Policy and Management
215 Freemont Street ,
San Francisco, CA 94105
Gary O'Neal, Director
FTS 399-1152
Air & Toxics Division
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
Dr. Dana Davoli, Toxicologist
FTS 399-1757
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
co JLadtdM!T toJheJe9jPnal Network for R^k Assessment Issues outlined above, there is also a Health As-
sessment Network which ,s a group of EPA staff who are involved in various aspects of health/ns/assest
^n; rlT3 V ^f t0 ^ 6aCh °ther find answers to sPecific technical questions refatedTo
sfessmente. The range of specialties represented in the network is quite broad -- exposure assess
,KCBS' 9round-water contamination, general toxicology, and statistics, to name a few As of earfv"
n thP ±n^reffab°Uth5°HEPA ^ memberS '" the Hea'th Ass^sment Network, with representatives from
all the regional off.ces, headquarters, and several field components. There were also about 20 people in the
W°rerel Or9anizations such as ^ health departments, 9
^^ *"* *»
8-3
-------
The following EPA Regional personnel are designated contacts for air toxics questions (only names and
telephone numbers are given below; the addresses for regional offices are given above for the risk assess-
ment contacts).
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV
Region V
Region VI
Region VII
Region VIII
Region IX
Region X
Margaret McDonough
(617) 223-4870; FTS 223-4870
Beth Hasset
(617) 223-4880; FTS 223-4880
Bob Kelly
(212) 264-2517; FTS 264-2517
I. Milner
(215) 597-9090; FTS 597-9090
Paul Racette
(215) 597-9009; FTS 597-9009
Doug Cook
(404) 347-2864; FTS 247-2864
Harriet Croke
(312) 353-6009; FTS 353-6009
Jill Lyons
(214) 767-9187; FTS 729-9187
Bob Chanslor
(913) 236-2893; FTS 757-2893
Dewitt Baulch
(303) 293-1761; FTS 564-1761
Tim Smith
(415) 974-8219; FTS 454-8219
Dana Davoli
(206) 442-1757; FTS 399-1757
8-4
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8.2 HEADQUARTERS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Locator Phone No.: FTS 8-382-2090
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
Craig D. Zamuda, Ph.D.
Policy Analysis Staff
FTS 8-382-2201
Office of Waste Programs Enforcement
Sheryl Sterling
Chief, Health Sciences Section
FTS 8-382-5646
Office of Pesticide and Toxic Substances
Arnold Edelman
Chemical Activity Coordination Group
FTS 8-382-2249
Terry O'Bryan
OTS Chemical Assessment Desk
FTS 8-382-3483
[NOTE: The OTS Chemical Assessment Desk is an outreach service to other EPA offices and regions to
provide consultation and share information on risk assessment activity for chemicals evaluated in the OTS
Existing Chemicals Program. The Desk also provides estimates of chemical toxicity and environmental fate
based on structure activity relationships in the absence of data, and offers assistance in identifying related
risk assessment activities in other EPA program offices.]
Office of Research and Development
Contact for cancer/mutagenicity/reproductive effects risk assessment questions.
Peter W. Preuss, Ph.D.
Director, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
FTS 8-382-7315
William Farland, Ph.D.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
FTS 8-382-5898
Contact for exposure assessment questions.
Michael A. Callahan, Ph.D.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
FTS 8-475-8909
8-5
-------
Contact tor risk assessment methods for non-carcinogens and chemical mixtures.
Lester Grant, Ph.D.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
FTS 8-629-4173
[NOTE: Lester Grant is located in Region IV, Hwy 54 and Alex Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711.]
Chris DeRosa
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
FTS 8-684-7534
Commercial (513) 569-7534
[NOTE: Chris DeRosa is located in Region V, 26 West St. Clair Street, Cincinnati, OH 45268.]
Office of Information Resources Management: Risk Assessment/Risk Management Bulletin Board
The Office of Information Resources Management has established a risk assessment and risk manage-
ment "Bulletin Board" on EPA's electronic mail (E-mail) system. Anyone in EPA with access to E-mail can
post messages on the bulletin board and read messages posted by others. The Bulletin Board can be used
to: post notices of upcoming conferences, workshops, and other events; request assistance from others on
specific risk assessment or risk management problems; inform others of useful information; and, in general,
promote further communication regarding risk related matters. For assistance in posting announcements or
reading entries on the Bulletin Board, contact Electronic Mail User's Support at FTS 8-382-5639 or Earl
Bozeman, Region IV, FTS 8-257-3776
Office of Radiation Programs
Jerome S. Puskin,
Chief, Bioeffects Analysis Branch
FTS 8-475-9640 ......
8-6
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APPENDIX A
INFORMATION RESOURCE MATRICES: RESOURCES VS. DATA
CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES
This appendix presents three sets of matrices which match data categories and subcategories
(described below) against major information resources. The purpose of the matrices is to document the
types of information (i.e., data categories or data subcategories) available in the major information resour-
ces. While non-bibliographic computerized information resources are matched against data subcategories,
both bibliographic data bases and manual resources are indexed by data categories only. It would have
been technically infeasible to match bibliographic data bases and manual resources against data sub-
categories.
The First Set of Matrices matches data subcategories against computerized non-bibliographic data
bases. This set of matrices establishes the relationships between information resources and data by indicat-
ing the specific types of data, i.e., data subcategories that are available in these information resources. In
using these matrices, users may want to consult simultaneously the resource attributes matrices in Appendix
B in order to obtain a complete understanding about the availabilities as well as the searchabilities of data
bases.
The Second Set of Matrices matches data categories against computerized bibliographic data bases.
This establishes the availabilities of major types of data, i.e., data categories, in the bibliographic data bases.
Again users are urged to consult the resource attributes matrices on bibliographic data bases in Appendix B
for a complete characterization of the source.
The Third Set of Matrices in this section matches data categories against manual information resour-
ces. A matrix outline is included in this section. For each of these manual sources listed in the matrices, its
major search attributes are included and indexed. Wherever a manual source is available at EPA, it is so in-
dicated in the matrices.
When scanning a matrix, the user may wish to use the Data Category and Subcategory definitions in-
cluded in Section A.1 in order to decode the information presented. (For this draft of the Directory, the
matrices do not include all information resources, but only 20-25 of the more useful data bases.)
A-l
-------
A.1 DEVELOPMENT OF DATA CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES
This section classifies user information requirements into the following four major data Hazard Identifica-
tion categories:
* Dose-Response Assessment
Exposure Assessment
Hazard Identification
Risk Characterization
Within each of the four major data categories, subcategories are identified. A subcategory is not neces-
sarily a data element; it may, in some cases, represent a group of data elements.
The classification of data categories and subcategories is a complex and difficult task. There is probably
no one single "correct" way of categorizing the types of technical data that are needed. Therefore, some of
the data categories were developed partially based on specific information requirements for certain types of
analyses as defined in Chapter 2. However, certain data categories, e.g., Physical/Chemical Properties, may
reflect the traditional grouping of data elements from an information management standpoint, and do not
necessarily align themselves with specific types of analyses. Physical/chemical properties data, for example,
are used in support of Hazard Identification and Exposure Assessment.
In determining how certain subcategories should be listed under a specific data category, two factors
were taken into consideration. First, a subcategory is placed under a data category which, from a hierarchi-
cal standpoint, is the most logical parent of that subcategory. Second, if a subcategory can be logically
placed under more than one major category, that subcategory is then listed under the more appropriate
category.
To facilitate use and understanding of the data categories and their subcategories, several data organiza-
tion techniques are used. First, a scope note is included for each major data category, describing the scope
or special features of that category (a scope note is, nevertheless, not a definition and, therefore, does not
define a category). Second, a definition (in some cases, a scope note) is developed for each subcategory
(see Glossary). Third, where a subcategory may be logically placed under more than a single major
category the more appropriate category is chosen to incorporate that subcategory and its definition. The
same term is repeated under the less appropriate category without a definition, and a "See" reference is
used referring the reader to the more appropriate category.
In using this section of the Directory, the following must be taken into consideration:
1. For each data category, only those subcategories that are needed for risk characterization are in-
cluded. Therefore, a category may not include all of the possible subcategories.
2. Some of the subcategories represent the types of information that are not readily available in either
the open literature or existing information resources.
3. The definitions for the subcategories are not necessarily the types of definitions that can be found in
a text book or a dictionary. Many of the definitions are scope notes describing what is covered under a sub-
category.
*The data categories and subcategories described in this section were developed from those given in the OT$ In-
formation Architecture Notebook, dated 1983.
A-2
-------
A.1.1 Hazard Identification
Data subcategories that are listed below are those that are needed to identify the hazard associated with
a specific chemical.
Subcategories
1. Substance Identification
2. Physical/Chemical Properties
3. Hazard Characterization
4. Comparisons of Molecular Structures
1. Substance Identification. This involves the identification of a substance based upon its commonly
used names and synonyms, chemical formula and composition, and Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
registry numbers.
2. Physical/Chemical Properties. These properties indicate the potential for a chemical substance to
migrate through environmental media .as well as the health effects that the chemical will have. Some physi-
cal/chemical properties relevant to hazard identification include: solubility, adsorption coefficient^ hydrolysis
rate, physical state, partition coefficient, molecular weight, etc.
3. Hazard Characterization. This involves an assessment of various hazards and health effects as-
sociated with a specific chemical. The hazard characterization can be done by using data from
epidemiologic, animal bioassay, and short-term studies done for the chemical in question.
4. Comparisons of Molecular Structures. Because properties and toxicities may sometimes be similar
for different but related chemicals, it may be necessary to compare chemical molecular structures.
Molecular structure information often makes it easier to make exact distinctions between two chemicals with
similar formulas.
A.1.2 Dose-Response Assessment (Toxicokinetic and Bioeffects)
Study results on dose-response reactions of specific chemicals often contain raw pharmacological data
which must be extrapolated in order to be applied to Risk Assessments. Data subcategories listed below
are the types of operations that must be applied to pharmacological data in order to extrapolate the results
to risk characterization.
Subcategories
1. Low-Dose Extrapolation
2. Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation
3. Route Extrapolation
4. Duration Extrapolation
1. Low-Dose Extrapolation. Studies on health effects involving either humans or laboratory animals ex-
posed to doses higher than anticipated in the environment. Mathematical extrapolation is necessary to es-
timate the response at lower environmental doses.
A-3
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2 Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation. Studies on health effects are also often done with laboratory
animals. Extrapolation of animal-dose responses is necessary to use the study results to predict human
dose responses.
3 Route Extrapolation. Studies are occasionally unavailable for the exposure route of interest, so
dose-response relationships must be inferred or extrapolated from data on another exposure route. This ex-
trapolation is usually used for estimating route or media specific criteria levels and standards.
4. Duration Extrapolation. Dose-response studies covering relatively short periods are frequently inade-
quate for evaluating chronic exposures. Therefore, longer term dose-response or dose severity relationships
must be inferred from subchronic and shorter term studies.
A.1.3 Exposure Assessment
What the concentration will be at an exposure point and information on the population susceptible to ex-
posure can be determined by factors listed in the subcategories below. The exposure to a contaminant can
be through air, soil, or water.
Subcategories
1. Physical/Chemical Properties
2. Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics
3. Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
4. Population at Risk
* 5. Exposure Route, Magnitude & Duration
1. Physical/Chemical Properties. See Section A. 1.1.
2. Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics. These refer to characteristics which determine
environmental fate and transport of both the chemical in question and of the environmental media through
which transport is occurring. Relevant chemical characteristics include such parameters as partition coeffi-
cient and solubility, while relevant environmental media characteristics include such things as soil type and
wind direction.
3. Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media. These can be determined through the use of
fate and transport models and monitoring data. Once they are determined, estimations of concentrations at
specific exposure points can be made to further characterize the risk.
4. Population at Risk. In order to fully characterize a risk, it is necessary to quantify the population sus-
ceptible to exposure. This can be approached using information from a variety of sources, including zoning
maps or lists of ground or surface water users near a specific site.
5. Exposure, Route, Magnitude, & Duration. These determine what population will be exposed and to
what magnitude the exposure will be. They are determined by factors mentioned above along with data on
environmental persistence and bioaccumulation rates of specific chemicals.
A-4
-------
A.1.4 Risk Characterization
Once the concentration of a chemical substance at an exposure point is estimated, it is then possible to
determine health effects which may result. The following subcategories are various effects that a con-
taminant may have on health.
Subcategories/Definitions
1. Environmental Effects
2. Human Risk-Assessment
1. Environmental Effects. Environmental effects from exposure to chemical substances include both
aquatic and terrestrial effects. Aquatic effects are those which occur on aquatic vertebrates and inver-
tebrates as well as vascular and non vascular aquatic plants. Terrestrial effects are those which occur on ter-
restrial vertebrates and invertebrates as well as vascular and non-vascular terrestrial plants.
2. Human Risk-Assessment. This involves a quantification of both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic
risks. Human Risk Assessment is following the exposure assessment which indicates exposure amounts
susceptible populations, and durations of exposure.
A-5
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EXHIBIT A-1 INFORMATION MATRIX
NON-BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA SUBCATEGORIES
EPA DATA BASE
CECATS
GTDMIS
OHM-TADS
SPHERE - AQUIRE
SPHERE-DADB
SPHERE-ENVIROFATE
SPHERE-GENETOX
SPHERE-ISHOW
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Substance Identification
Physical/Chemical Properties
Epidemiologic Data
Animal-Bioassay Data
Short-Term Studies
Hazard
Characterization
Comparison of Molecular Structures
Low-Dose Extrapolation
Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation
Physical/Chemical Properties
Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics
Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
Population at Risk
Exposure Rate, Magnitude & Duration
Carcinogens
Non-Carcinogens
Human Risk
Assessment
Environmental Effects
Hazard
Identification
Dose Response
Assessment
Exposure
Assessment
Risk
Characterization
A-6
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EXHIBIT A-2 INFORMATION MATRIX
NON-BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA SUBCATEGORIES
Non-EPA ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASE
CHEMFATE
HAZARDLINE
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
x
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Substance Identification
Physical/Chemical Properties
Epidemiologic Data
Animal-Bioassay Data
Short-Term Studies
Hazard
Characterization
Comparison of Molecular Structures
Low-Dose Extrapolation
Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation
Physical/Chemical Properties
Environmental Fate and Transport Characteristics
Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
Population at Risk
Exposure Rate, Magnitude & Duration
Carcinogens
Non-Carcinogens
Human Risk
Assessment
Environmental Effects
Hazard
Identification
Dose Response
Assessment
Exposure
Assessment
Risk
Characterization
A-7
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EXHIBIT A-3 INFORMATION MATRIX
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES VS. DATA CATEGORIES
RISK
CHARACTERIZATION
EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENT
DOSE-RESPONSE
ASSESSMENT
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
TITLE OF SOURCE
EPA
CRIB
EPACASR
SPHERE
NONEFA
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASE
- DATALOG
-BtoLOG
ENVtROUNE
NIOSHT1C
TOXUNS
- HEEP
- CBAC
- HAYES FILE ON PESTICIDES
- HMTC
- PESTICIDES ABSTRACTS
- TMJC
- TOXtOTY BIBLIOGRAPHY
- RPROJ
- TD3
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
A-8
-------
EXHIBIT A-4 INFORMATION MATRIX
MANUAL SOURCES VS. DATA CATEGORIES
RISK
CHARACTERIZATION
EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENT
DOSE-RESPONSE
ASSESSMENT
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
TITLE OF SOURCE
MANUALS
ENDANGERMENT ASSESSMENT HANDBOOK
GEMS USER'S GUIDE
GUIDANCE TO FEASIBILITY STUDIES UNDER
CERCLA
GUIDANCE ON REMEDIAL INVESTIGATIONS
UNDER CERCLA
SUMMARY CHEMICAL INFORMATION PROFILE
USERS MANUAL
SUPERFUND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT MANUAL
SUPERFUND PUBLIC HEALTH EVALUATION
MANUAL
TOXICOLOGY HANDBOOK, PRINCIPALS RELATED
TO HAZARDUOS WASTE SITE INVESTIGATIONS
USERS GUIDE TO CASR
DIRECTORIES
CHEMICAL ACTIVITIES STATUS REPORT
EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITY REPORT
DIRECTORY OF ONLINE DATA BASES
FEDERAL DATA BASE FINDER
GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT: THE USE OF
NUMERICAL MODELS
INDUSTRY PROGRAM INTERACTION MATRIX: A
GUIDE TO SELECTED PERSONNEL WHO ARE
FAMILIAR WITH SELECTED INDUSTRIES
INFORMATION RESOURCES IN TOXICOLOGY
MANAGER'S GUIDE TO EPA ACTIVITIES ON
TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
NIOSH PUBLICATION CATALOG
NTIS DIRECTORY OF COMPUTERIZED DATA FILES
OTS INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE NOTEBOOK
THE STATUS OF CHEMICALS IN THE SPECIAL
REVIEW PROGRAM, REGISTRATION PROGRAM,
AND DATA CALL-IN PROGRAM
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
x
x
.
X
X
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
X
X
x
x
x
A-9
-------
-------
APPENDIX B
INFORMATION RESOURCES MATRICES
RESOURCES VS ATTRIBUTES
This appendix presents the resource attributes of the major computerized data bases that can be used
in support of the types of analyses required in performing risk-assessments. Non-computerized resources
are included in Chapters 6 & 7 of the Directory since they have few significantly different attributes.
There are two types of resource attributes that are used to describe a computerized information
resource, i.e., search attributes and system attributes. While search attributes pertain mainly to the sear-
chability and retrieval features of the data, system attributes describe characteristics of the system, including
hardware and software used and access mode. The search and system attributes of online data bases
define for the user what features, information, and capabilities are available. The intent of this appendix of
the Directory is to make the user aware of the variety of information resources available, to help the user
decide which attributes can facilitate access, and to assist the user in selecting the most appropriate
resource(s) to solve the information problems.
This appendix contains three parts. The first part is the matrix outline, listing resource attributes in a
hierarchical format and includes definitions (or sometimes scope notes) and codings for the attributes. Fol-
lowing the definitions are two matrices matching search and system attributes against computerized informa-
tion resources. In these matrices, the attributes are listed on the horizontal axis in the same sequence as
they appear in the hierarchical listing. The computerized information resources are placed on the vertical
axis of the matrix and are divided into two main groups, i.e., bibliographic data bases and rion-bibliographic
data bases. Within each of these two groups, the systems are listed in alphabetical sequence and are
divided into EPA and Non-EPA data bases. In the matrix, the information resources are either indexed by
an "X" symbol or by some other alphanumeric notation. For explanations on the notations used in the
matrix, consult the attributes definitions in this Appendix. (For this version of the Directory, the matrices do
not include all information resources, but only 20-25 of the more useful data bases.)
B.1 INFORMATION RESOURCES/ATTRIBUTES MATRIX OUTLINE
Definitions for the column headings in the data base search and system attribute matrix are provided
below in the order in which they appear in the matrix. A key is also provided for the various symbols
entered in the matrix.
B.1.1 Search Attributes
1. Chemical Searching
2. Subject Searching
3. Alphanumeric Searching
4. Bibliographic Information Searching
5. Logical Searching
6. Search Aids
B-1
-------
1. Chemical Searching. This column indicates whether or not there are chemical-specific search and
retrieval capabilities and, if so, what chemical search options are available. Chemicals can be searched by:
S - substructure
CR - chemical reference number
NM - name match
2. Subject Searching. An "X" in this column indicates that specific concepts, topics, and/or descrip-
tions can be searched and retrieved.
3. Alpha/Numeric Searching. An "X" in this column indicates that specific numeric or alpha numeric
data are available and can be searched and retrieved.
4. Bibliographic Information. An "X" in this column means that bibliographic information (referring to
the document from which data were extracted) can be either used as the object of a search and/or dis-
played In retrieved records. This type of information may include such things as author, title, year of publica-
tion, Journal title (if applicable), language type, and abstract.
5. Logical Searching. This column indicates whether or not there may be manipulation of search
terms to provide more specific or comprehensive searches. Logical searching may be:
FS - field specific; capability to search selected specific fields (indirect search or serial search)
BWF - Boolean logic within fields; using logical operations ("and," "or," and "not") to show relationships
between sets of terms involving the same field of data
BAP - Boolean logic across fields; logical operators can be used to link separate fields.
6. Search Aids. This column shows whether or not there is tutorial help available on searching the data
base or on describing the file contents.
B.1.2 System Attributes
1. File Size and Use
-Number of Records
-Number of Chemicals
2. Data Base Characteristics
-Update Cycle
-Cost
-Coverage Period
3. System Access
-Source
-Status
-Interactive
-Restricted Access
B-2
-------
4. Hardware
-Computer Utilized
-Computer Owner
5. Software
-Program Language
-Command Language
6. System User Aids
1. File Size and Use. This denotes the number of records available in the data base, where a record is
a unit of related information (e.g., a record is generally meant to include all the information stored for a par-
ticular document in a bibliographic data base). It also denotes the number of unique chemicals, substances,
formulations, generic classes, etc., in a data base.
2. Data Base Characteristics
Update Cycle - Shows the frequency of additions to the records in the data base. The key to the letters
in this column is as follows:
C - closed
D - daily
W - weekly
BW - biweekly
M - monthly
BM - bimonthly
Q - quarterly
SA - semi-annually
A - annually
I - irregular
Cost - Itemizes the cost (dollars) per connect hour. This does not include subscription fees, print costs
or telecommunication fees.
Coverage Period - Shows the span of coverage represented by the data base contents. No date on
the most recent end of a range (e.g., 1971-) indicates that coverage is to the present.
to:
Content Type - This column denotes specific characteristics of the data base's information according
U - unpublished data; data is not in the public domain (e.g., communications, private files, etc.)
O - ongoing research; contains references to research which is in progress
I - international sources; data taken from non-U.S. sources either entirely or in addition to U.S.sources.
B-3
-------
3. System Access
Source - Shows the availability of the data base to the end user, where:
C = commercial
P = private
Status - Denotes the current availability of a data base, where:
D = developed
U = under development
Interactive. If this column is marked with an "X", the system allows the user to input instructions,
receive a response, and then modify or manipulate the results.
Restricted Access. An "X" in this column indicates that the data base is available to a limited user com-
munity (e.g., contains confidential data, is available only for "in-house" use, etc.)
4. Hardware
Computer Utilized - This column denoted the specific hardware in which the data base resides, where:
VAX = VAX 11/780
IBM = IBM
UNI = Univac
Computer Owner - This column shows the organization which owns or leases the hardware, where:
EPA = EPA
C = contractor
D = developer of data base
5. Software
Program Language - This column shows the defined set of characteristics and rules used for writing the
computer routine (e.g., COBOL, PL/1, BASIC).
Command Language - Provides direct interface with the central processing unit and determines data
entrylI editing facilities, submission and retrieval capabilities, and utility and data set manipulation func-
tions (e.g., TSO, ELHILL).
6. System User Aids - An "X" in this column indicates that there is documentation available for the user
to facilitate interaction with the system.
B-4
-------
EXHIBIT B-1 INFORMATION MATRIX
EPA DATABASE SYSTEMS ATTRIBUTES
SPHERE-DERMAL ABSORPTION
14K
14K
O
C
U
X
X
C
X
2800
O
P
U
X
X
C
X
3539
655
C
1970-81
P
U
X
X
C
X
6.2K
418
1968-
O
C
D
X
C
X
30K
1.8K
C
1970-81
O
P
U
X
X
C
X
1.3K
C
1950-76
U,O
C
D
X
C
X
4K
4K
I
1970-
U,0
C
D
X
EPA
X
5K
15K
D
1976-
U,O
C
D
X
EPA
X
Number of Records
Number of Chemicals
Update Cycle
Cost
Coverage Period
Source
Status
Interactive
Restrictive Access
Computer Utilized
Computer Owner
Program Language
Command Language
File Size and Use
Data Base
Characteristics
Content Type
System
Access
Hardware
Software
System User Aids
B-5
-------
EXHIBIT B-2 INFORMATION MATRIX
NON-EPA DATABASE SYSTEMS ATTRIBUTES
1400K
M
55
1965-
0,1
C
D
X
D
X
73K
M
22
1890-
u.o.i
C
D
X
X
102K
BW
1880-
U,O,I
C
D
D
X
1.3K
1.3K
D
120
U,0
.C
D
X
116K
M
90
1971-
u,o,i
C
D
X
D
X
21 K
3K
S
85
1976-
U,O
C
D
X
D
X
Number of Records
Number of Chemicals
Update Cycle
Cost
Coverage Period
Source
Status
Interactive
Restrictive Access
Computer Utilized
Computer Owner
Program Language
Command Language
File Size and Use
Data Base
Characteristics
Content Type
System
Access
Hardware
Software
System User Aids
B-6
-------
EXHIBIT B-3 INFORMATION MATRIX
DATA BASE SEARCH ATTRIBUTES
DATA BASE
EPA DATA BASES
CECATS
EPA CASR
OHM-TADS
SPHERE DATA BASES
-AQUIRE
-CHEMFATE
-DERMAL ABSORPTION
-GENETOX
-ISHOW
CHEMICAL
SEARCHING
CR
CR
CR.NM
CR.NM
CR
CR.NM
S,CR,NM
CR.NM
LOGICAL
SEARCHING
FS
FS.BAF
FS.BWF.BAF
FS.BWF.BAF
FS.BWF
FS.BWF.BAF
FS.BWF.BAF
FS.BWF.BAF
SUBJECT
SEARCHING
X
X
X
X
X
ALPHA/NUMERIC
SEARCHING
X
X
X
X
BIBLIOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION
SEARCHING
X
X
X
X
X
NON-EPA DATA BASES
CESARS
ENVIROLINE
HAZARDLINE
NIOSHTIC
RTECS
TOXLINE
SEARCH
AIDS
X
X
X
X
X
CR.NM
NM
CR.NM
CR.NM
S.CR.NM
CR.NM
FS.BWF.BAF
FS
FS.BWF.BAF
FS.BWF.BAF
FS.BWF.BAF
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B-7
-------
-------
APPENDIX C
INFORMATION RESOURCES AND THE SUPERFUND PUBLIC HEALTH
EVALUATION MANUAL
HO h,,, int(fded *° !.erve as a reference for information sources when the Superfund Public
Health Evaluation Manual and the Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual do not contain the specific infor-
mabon required to evaluate the potential risks posed by a chemical identified at a Superfund site To
In t l,ind]n£ data> th6 information sources in this appendix of the Directory are listed under
6 6 *eDflKe,StepS of the Public health evaluation process as described in Chapters 3
^ EVa'Uati0n MM Specifica1'* the '" -W- "re re-
Selection of Indicator Chemicals
Estimation of Exposure Point Concentrations of Indicator
Chemicals
Estimation of Chemical Intakes
Toxicity Assessment
Risk Characterization
tho Mh'S aPPei]di* of the Directory summarizes available data bases and data files and tapes to aid users of
Ls mod^s !±±9HPeC; 'C SOUrCeS,°f i?formation as needed- Other types of information resources such
fnn^ H^ 3 ;-dirf tOI"^S' Periodlca's, general publications, and people, may also be useful in provid-
ing needed information for the public health evaluation process. For example Health Effects Assessment
Documents (set ^Section 7.2 of this Directory) provide useful exposure level data Therefor? the user oS
ChaoSsE m^^K!* S reyiewin9jhe data base^ anddata files and tapes idSCd he e rev ew
Chapters 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the Directory to identify other important information resources.
reaurme^ health eVa'Uati°n process and identifies P°tentl'a' information
requ rements associated with each step in the process. For each of the subheadings of information reauire
E r^t^TJSSS^tT1119"1 a,^Ut the PUrP°Se 3nd type °f inf°rmation nided foZeTbyTst-
ho ,!H f. h f data bases and data files and tapes. Chapters 3 and 4 of the Directory can then
be used to character.^ more fully and gain access to particular information resources.
C-l
-------
C-1 STEPS INVOLVED IN THE
SUPERFUND PUBLIC HEALTH EVALUATION PROCESS
SELECTION
OF
INDICATOR
CHEMICALS
"^
ESTIMATION OF
EXPOSURE POINT
CONCENTRATIONS
"^
ESTIMATION
OF CHEMICAL
INTAKES
"\
TOXICITY
ASSESSMENT
RISK
CHARACTERIZATION
Toxicity
Physical/Chemical
Proportios
Identify Exposure
Pathways
Estimate Exposure
Point Concentrations
Compare to
Requirements,
Standards, and Criteria
Calculate Air Intake
Calculate Ground
Water Intake
Calculate Surface
Water Intake
Calculate Total
Intake
Carcinogenic
Effects
Non-Carcinogenic
Effects ,
C.1 SELECTION OF INDICATOR CHEMICALS
The Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual recommends that if there are fewer than 10 to 15 chemi-
cals actually identified at a hazardous waste site all of them should be evaluated for their potential public
health risk at the site. For those circumstances when there are many chemicals at a site, the Manual in-
cludes two information sources, Appendices C and D, which contain information that allows the "highest risk"
chemicals to be identified. Appendix C contains data on the toxicity, mobility, and persistence of specific
chemicals, whereas Appendix D presents more detailed methods for deriving indicator scores for chemicals
not listed in Appendix C. The selection of indicator chemicals is based on contaminant toxicities and physi-
cal/chemical properties, and useful sources for these two types of data are presented separately below.
C.1.1 Evaluate Chemical Toxicity
Toxicity data include information on the response of an organism to a dose of a chemical substance
through various routes of exposure. Such data may be for chronic toxicity or acute/subacute toxicity and
may represent acute, subchronic or chronic exposure durations. The following are data bases, files, and
tapes that are useful sources of toxicity data.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1 for details)
ACUTE HAZARDS DATA
AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
CECATS
CRIB
EEFIS
CSDCLEANS
DEEP
EPACASR
GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
GI
C-2
-------
Non
EPA
GTDM1S
HEOX
IRIS
NEUROTOXICITY DATA
OHM-TADS
ORALTOX
PDAS
PDMS
PHRED
RAD
SPHERE
STARA
WBC
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2 for details)
ACS JOURNALS ONLINE
AGRICOLA
AQUALINE
ASFA
BIOSIS
CBDS
CCRIS
CESARS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
CHEMLINE
CLEARINGHOUSE ON
HEALTH INDEXES
CTCP
EMBASE
ENVIROLINE
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HSDB
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NTIS
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
PROFILE
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1 for details)
FILES OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS FOR EXISTING CHEMICALS
CASTRO-INTESTINAL EFFECTS LITERATURE
ITC CHEMICAL SCORES
TSCA NEW CHEMICALS
TSCA SECTION 4 CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES
C-3
-------
r
C.1.2 Physical/Chemical Properties
The data bases listed under this heading are useful sources of information for physical/chemical proper-
ties, which may be needed to select indicator chemicals.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1 for details)
CHEMD
GEMS
OHM-TADS
PDMS
PHRED
SPHERE
TSDF
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2 for details)
CASEARCH
CASSI
* CESARS
CHEMLINE
CHEMTRAN
as
DARC
DORTMUND VLB DATA BANK
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
* HAZARDLINE
HE1LBRON
LOG P DATABASE
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
RNSS
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
WATER SOLUBILITY DATA
C.2 ESTIMATION OF EXPOSURE POINT CONCENTRATIONS
This step in the process described in the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual involves estimating
baseline environmental concentrations of indicator chemicals so that the extent and duration of human ex-
posure can be determined. Often at Superfund sites, contamination may not yet have reached a point of
human exposure. In those cases, it is therefore necessary to estimate where and to what extent exposure
will take place. This can be done through the use of chemical fate and transport models (see Chapter 5 of
this Directory).
The steps involved in estimating exposure point concentrations in various types of environmental media
include:
Identifying Exposure Pathways
Estimating Exposure Point Concentrations
Comparing to Requirements, Standards, and Criteria
C-4
-------
Various types of data, including chemical and environmental media properties, are needed to use fate
and transport models to estimate exposure point concentrations. Once the estimates are made it is neces-
sary to compare them to exposure limits for the chemicals.
C.2.1 Identify Exposure Pathways
The pathway that a chemical will take towards an exposure point depends on the characteristics of the
site and of the transport media, be it air, surface, or ground water. These characteristics include such thinas
as ground water flow direction or wind direction. The following informational resources are useful in identify-
ing exposure pathways. Because this step is highly site-specific, however, relatively few resources are listed
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
GEMS
STORET
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
DMS
MWDI
NERDES
WDSD
WATERNET
WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
WATSTORE
WRSIC
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4 1)
SAROAD
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4 2)
ADR ' '
AOWF
BASIC WELL DATA FOR PROFESSIONAL PAPER 796
GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
STAR
SUMMARY OF THE MONTHLY CO-OP ELEMENT
SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS
Non-
C.2.2 Estimate Exposure Point Concentrations
m.°"itorin9udata d° not exist or where contaminants have not yet reached exposure points math-
thKte'p. ^^ C°- Fate "" '-sport mod* listed in Chapter I Sf
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
AIRTOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
EERF
ERFD
GEMS
C-5
-------
Non-
EPA
Non-
MICROBIOLOGICAL DATA
PDMS
STORET
TSDF
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
DMS
MWDI
NEDRES
NOW1C
NPIRS
SIRS
WDSD
WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
WATERLINE
WATSTORE
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
CHAMP
CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
EPID
SAROAD
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
ADR
AOWF
BASIC WELL DATA FOR PROFESSIONAL PAPER 796
GEOECOLOGY DATA BASE
INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPS
NASQAN
MIXING HEIGHT STUDIES
STABILITY ARRAY
SUMMARY OF THE MONTHLY CO-OP ELEMENT FILE
SURFACE AIRWAYS OBSERVATIONS
U.S. SOIL TEMPERATURES
VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN THE ATMOSPHERE: AN ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE DATA
C.2.3 Compare to Requirements, Standards and Criteria
Once estimates of exposure point concentrations are made, it is necessary to compare these estimates
to existing health standards and limits for the indicator chemicals. The following resources are useful in find-
Ing these data.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
EPACASR
* IRIS
PHRED
Non-EPA Data Files (see Section 3.2)
CHEMICAL REGULATION REPORTER
CHEMLAW
CHEMLINE
CRGS
CTCP
C-6
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NEWS
HAZARDLINE
HSDB
NIOSHTIC
OCIS
OHS-MSDS
RTEGS
WATERLINE
WATERNET
C.3 ESTIMATION OF CHEMICAL INTAKES
In order to assess the potential adverse health effects associated with a site, it is necessary to determine
the amount of human exposure to the indicator chemicals. Human exposure is expressed in terms of intake,
which is the amount of substance taken into the body per unit body weight per length of time. The intakes
are calculated separately for various environmental media. The steps involved in estimating overall intake are:
Calculate Air Intake
Calculate Ground Water Intake
Calculate Surface Water Intake
Combine Pathway-Specific Intakes to Yield Total Intake
Intake should be calculated both as subchronic daily intake (SDI) and as chronic daily intake (GDI). This
can be calculated from data on exposure concentrations, and vital statistics on the exposed population.
C.3.1 Calculate Air Intake
Human intake of contaminants in air is dependent upon the contaminant concentration, the frequency
and volume of inhalations, the duration of exposure, and paniculate size. The following information resour-
ces are useful in calculating air intakes.
EPA
Non-
EPA
Non
Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
AIR TOXICS CLEARINGHOUSE
CRIB
ERFD
EERF
GEMS
INHALATION LITERATURE
TSDF
WBC
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
NOHS
Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
CHAMP
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.2)
VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN THE ATMOSPHERE
C-7
-------
C.3.2 Calculate Ground-Water Intake
Human exposure to contaminated ground water can occur from wells used as a drinking water source.
The degree of exposure depends on the concentration of the contaminant in drinking water, the amount con-
sumed per day, and the duration of exposure. The following information resources are useful in calculating
ground water intakes.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
GEMS
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
* MWDI
WATERLINE
WATERNET
WATSTORE
C.3.3 Calculate Surface Water Intake
Intake of contaminants from surface water can occur from both ingestion of surface water or from inges-
tion of contaminated fish. Intake from surface water occurs when the surface water is used as a drinking
water source. As with ground water, the intake depends on the amount ingested per day and the duration
of exposure. Intake from contaminated fish depends upon the contaminant concentrations in the fish, the
amount of fish consumed, and the duration of exposure. The following information resources can be used in
calculating Intakes from surface water.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
* GEMS
LAMS
STORET
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
* ASFA
MWDI
WATER11NE
WATERNET
* WATSTORE
* WDSD
Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes
* NASQAN
WATSTORE
C.3.4 Combine Pathway-Specific Intakes To Yield Total Intake
In this step, the above calculations of intake from air, ground, and surface water are totaled to calculate
an upper bound on the total exposure. Section 5.5 of the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual gives
details on how this is accomplished. Information resources in the above three sections can be used to deter-
mine total exposure.
C-8
-------
C.4 TOXICITY ASSESSMENT
The toxicity assessment is done to determine critical toxicity values in the Superfund health evaluation
process. This information is used in conjunction with results of the exposure assessment to characterize
risk. In the manual, reference doses (rids), and evaluations by EPA's Carcinogen Assessment Group
reported in Health Effects Assessment Documents (HEAs) are listed in Appendix C to serve as a consistent
source of critical toxicity values. In situations where Appendix C does not contain the necessary data for all
indicator chemicals at a site, the EPA Office of Environmental Criteria and Assessment (Cincinnati) should
be contacted. In addition, the following information resources may be useful in conducting the toxicitv as-
sessment. *
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CECATS
CSDCLEANS
CRIB
DEEP
EPACASR
GI
GTDMIS
GEMS
HEOX
IRIS
NATIONAL HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE DATA
OHM-TADS
ORALTOX
PDMS
PHRED
SPHERE
STARA
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3 2)
BIOSIS
CBDS
CCRIS
CESARS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMANS TISSUES AND FLUIDS
CHEMLINE
CTCP
EMBASE
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HSDB
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NPIRS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
C-9
-------
C.5 RISK CHARACTERIZATION
In the risk characterization step of the Manual, a comparison is made between projected intakes and cal-
culated risks in order to quantify the overall risk. Different types of risk characterization include:
Carcinogenic Effects
Non-carcinogenic Effects
The manual outlines different methods of characterizing risk for each type of effect.
C.5.1 Carcinogenic Effects
The carcinogenic risk is dependant upon the chronic daily intakes.of the contaminant and the car-
cinogenic potency factor, values of which are listed in Appendix C of the manual. In addition, other informa-
tion resources which may be useful in calculating carcinogenic effects are listed below.
EPA
Non-
Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CARaNOGENlCITY LITERATURE
CECATS
EPACASR
GTDMIS
IRIS
SPHERE
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
BIOSIS
CANCERLJT
CBDS
CESARS
CCRIS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
CHEMLJNE
as
CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
EMBASE
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NOES
NOHS
OCIS
OHS-MSDS
PASCAL
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
EPA Data Files and Tapes (see Section 4.1)
CHIPS
POTENTIAL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS
C-10
-------
C.5.2 Non-carcinogenic Effects
The non-carcinogenic risk is dependent upon the exposure level, or intake.and the acceptable level of in-
take for the contaminant. For assessing teratogenic risk, the subchronic daily intake and the acceptable
level of intake are often used. Reference doses are listed, for some chemicals, in Appendix C of the Super-
fund Public Health Evaluation Manual. In addition, the following information resources may also provide use-
TUI data.
EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.1)
CECATS
DEEP
EPACASR
GENERAL RADIATION HEALTH IMPACT EVALUATION
GI
GTDMIS
HEOX
WBC
IRIS
NEUROTOXICFTY DATA
OHM-TADS
PERMDATA
PDAS
RAD
SPHERE
STARA
Non-EPA Data Bases (see Section 3.2)
BIOSIS
CESARS
CCRIS
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: CHEMICALS IN HUMAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS
CLEARINGHOUSE ON HEALTH INDEXES
CTCP
EMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA BASES
ETIC
HAZARDLINE
MEDLINE
NIOSHTIC
NOES
NOHS
NPIRS
PASCAL
OCIS
OHS-MSDS
PROFILE
RTECS
TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK
TOXLINE
C-ll
-------
-------
GLOSSARY AND DEFINITION OF ACRONYMS
Absorption:
ACS:
American Chemical Society.
Acute/Subacute Toxicity:
Immediate or short term response of an organism to a single dose of a chemical substance
r0e
u
int. includes
tinnd h
tion, and bi
and other quantitative endpoints.
Adsorption Coefficient:
f antif|cation of the adherence of a substance to a surface. The transport degrada-
of a substance are greatly affected by it's adsorption properties. aegraaa
AQUIRE:
Aquatic Information Retrieval Data Base - a component of SPHERE
Behavioral Toxicity:
Behavioral manifestations of an organism's response to a toxic substance.
Bioconcentration/Biomagnification:
Boiling Point:
the
CA Index Name:
* ** temperature at which a licluid u"der «andard atmospheric pressure changes to
> fU"y* systemf ic name assi9ned bY the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) A CA Index
^^ r in the identification °f a substa J
CAS:
Chemical Abstracts Service.
CAS Registry Number:
CBI:
Confidential Business Information.
CDC:
Center for Disease Control.
Glossary-l
-------
CERCLA:
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act.
CHEMD:
Chemical Directory Data Base.
Chemical description/composition:
In certain substances, the CAS Index/Preferred Name may not be sufficiently detailed enough to identify
the substance completely. The chemical description/composition name may be useful for those substances.
Chemical Incompatibility:
The capacity of a chemical substance to react with another substance to produce an undesired product.
CHIP:
Chemical Hazard Information Profile.
Chronic Toxicity:
Response of an organism to repeated, long term exposure to a chemical substance.
Color:
The aspects of a chemical substance that may be described in terms of hue, lightness, and saturation.
Includes both qualitative and quantitative descriptions.
CPSC:
Consumer Product Safety Commission.
CSB:
U.S. EPA Chemical Screening
Decomposition Temperature:
The temperature at which heat causes the chemical degradation of a substance into two or more sub-
stances.
Density:
Density Is the mass of a liquid, or gas per unit volume of that substance.
DERMAL:
A dermal exposure database - a component of SPHERE
DIALOG:
A commercial vendor of on-line databases.
Dissociation Constant (Ka,Kb):
The dissociation constant represents the degree of ionization of acids and bases in solution. It is usually
reported as the negative logarithm of the constant.
Distribution:
The internal transport and deposition of a chemical substance in body fluids, tissues, and organs. Dis-
tribution can be reported quantitatively.
DOE:
U.S. Department of Energy.
EEFIS:
Environmental Effects/Fate Information System.
Glossary-2
-------
ENV1ROFATE:
Environmental fate database - a component of SPHERE.
Environmental Characteristics:
These identify and characterize the medium that becomes contaminated, such as air, ground and sur-
face water, or soil. This category would include such things as meteorological data (e.g., wind speed and
direction), surface and ground-water characteristics (e.g., such as flow velocities), and soil types and charac-
teristics.
EPACASR:
EPA Chemical Activity Status Report.
Epidemiology:
Study of the relationships of the various factors determining the frequency and distribution of diseases in
a human community.
Excretion:
Elimination of a chemical substance or its metabolites by an organism. Excretion can be represented
quantitatively and may include rate.
Extractability:
This refers to the extractability of a substance by water or other substances.
Eye Irritation:
Reactions produced in the eye after exposure to a chemical substance.
FDA:
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Field Studies:
? Wff 5 Or9a"isms are exP°sed to a comical substance in a natural habitat or in an ar-
located outside the laboratory and operated under natural conditions.
Flammable Limits:
Flammable limits denote the concentration range at which the flammable or explosive mixture will ianite
ana continue burning. a
Flash Point:
ithiSithe temperature at which a liquid or volatile solid Qives off vapor sufficient to form an ig-
GEMS:
Graphical Exposure Modeling System.
GENETOX:
Genetic Toxicology System ~a component of SPHERE.
GLOBAL:
An OTS indexing system of TSCA documents.
Henry's Law Constant:
The Henry's Law Constant expresses the effect pressure has on the solubility of a gas.
HERD:
U.S. EPA Health and Environmental Review Division.
Glossary-3
-------
Hydrolysis Rate: . ,.
The rate of reaction of a chemical substance with water to form a new substance or substances.
ISHOW:
Information System for Hazardous Organics in Water.
6 The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from the solid to the liquid state.
Metabolism:
The physical or chemical alteration of a chemical substance by an organism.
This number is' a systematic summation of the actual numbers and kinds of options present in a
molecule at a chemical substance.
° A°8u"matlon of the individual atomic weights based on the numbers and kinds of atoms present in a
molecule of a chemical substance.
Mutagenlcity:
The capacity to cause an adverse effect on a genetic system.
NAS:
National Academy of Sciences.
NCI:
National Cancer Institute
NCP:
National Contingency Plan.
Observed'effects to the nervous system caused by exposure to a chemical substance. Includes effects
to neuromuscular transmissions and pathological changes in nerves, spinal cord, or brain.
NIH:
National Institutes of Health.
NIOSH:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
NOAA:
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
NT1S:
National Technical Information Service.
Odor:
A description of the smell of a chemical.
OHEA:
U.S. EPA Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Glossary-4
-------
OHM-TADS:
Oil and Hazardous Materials - Technical Assistance Data System.
OHR:
U.S. EPA Office of Health Research.
Oncogenicity:
n,,mI1^?vf°rmf 10n oblerved in organisms in response to exposure to a chemical substance. May include
number, type, site, growth-rate and ability to metastasize of tumor.
OPP:
U.S. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs.
ORD:
U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development.
ORP:
U.S. EPA Office of Radiation Programs.
OSHA:
Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
OSW:
U.S. EPA Office of Solid Wastes.
OTS:
U.S. EPA Office of Toxic Substances.
Particle Size:
The average diameter of the individual particles in a particular solid.
Partition Coefficient (log P):
PENTA:
An enhanced version of the Technical Data Indexing System (TDIS).
PHRED:
Public Health Risk Evaluation Data; a database.
PMN:
Premanufacturing Notification.
pH:
of the
Physical State:
Whether or not the substance is a gas, liquid, or a solid under ambient or other given conditions.
RCRA:
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
Glossary-5
-------
Reproductive Toxicity: . '
Observed effects on reproductive organs or reproductive performance of an organism. Includes egg
laying, fertilization, number of offspring, and reproduction.
Relative Vapor Density:
Relative Vapor Density is the ratio of the weight of a gas to the weight of an equal quantity of air.
°UThe route of exposure is the mode by which humans or the environment is exposed to a chemical sub-
Stance. For example, route of exposure may be dermal contact or inhalation, and route of environmental ex-
posure may be air, water, or land.
RTECS*
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
A response of the immune system (an allergic reaction) of an organism caused by its being exposed to
a chemical substance.
"lo'ca?Inflammatory response of the skin observed after exposure to a chemical substance. Exposure
can be a single, repeated, or prolonged contact.
° "ihe solubility of a substance in water (or other solvent) is the weight of the dissolved substance per
volume of solution in water (or other solvent) when the solution is at equilibrium with an excess of the sub-
stance, i.e., saturated at a specific temperature. This definition is limited to homogeneous materials.
SPHERE: ^ .
Scientific Parameters in Health and the Environment; Retrieval and Estimation Databases.
Sublethal Toxicity: . . iU . ...
Response of an organism exposed to a chemical substance that results in effects other than mortality,
Including; behavioral, reproductive, growth and physiological effects.
Sublimation Temperature: .
The temperature at which the partial pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with a solid substance is equal to
one atmosphere.
Synonyms:
The chemical synonym may be a non-systematic chemical name, a common name, a trade name, a
class name, a code, or a trivial name.
TDIS:
Technical Data Indexing System.
Teratogenicity:
Abnormalities observed in offspring of females exposed in utero, and developmental delays, or fetal
death.
Transport/Transformation Characteristics and Partitioning:
Partitioning refers to the relative distribution of a chemical among environmental media while transport
refers to the potential movement of the chemical from one media compartment to another. Transformation
refers to a chemical's change in structure. Major processes that effect transformation are photolysis, oxida-
tion, hydrolysis, biotransformation, and the transport media characteristics.
Glossary-6
-------
TSCA:
Toxic Substances Control Act.
TSCATS:
Toxic Substances Control Act Test Submissions - an indexing system.
USDA:
U.S. Department of Agriculture.
USGS:
U.S. Geological Survey.
Vapor pressure:
The vapor pressure of a substance is the pressure which a vapor, in a closed container and in equi-
librium with its solid or liquid form, exerts on the enclosing walls.
Viscosity:
The internal resistance of a liquid substance to flow.
Glossary-7
-------
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Access to Data Bases Through EPA Libraries Q AQ
ACS Journals Online ................ .'.'.'.' ........................... ^
Addresses for Data Files and Tape Contacts ....... '.'.'. ........................ «}(
Addresses of Online Services and Producers ........................ o"]n
AGRICOLA .................. ................................. r
Air/Water Pollution Report ........ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .......................... oil
Animal-Bioassay Data (chronic toxicity) ...... , . . . ........................... I
Animal-to-Human Dose Extrapolation ......... . ............................ ^
Annual Observation Well File (AOWF) .............................. '-,
AQUALINE .................... '.'.'.'.'.'. .......................... ~\l
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) '.'.'.'.'.'.''.'.'.'.'. .................... 3 HO
Athens Environmental Research Laboratory Library ......... . . ................... 3 4g
Atmospheric Dispersion of Radionuclides (AIRDOSE EPA) ......................... c -M
Atmospheric Fate Models .............. .................... ' ' '^.^
Automatic Digital Recorder Tapes (ADR) ..'.'.'.'.'.'. ......................... 4 7
Basic Well Data for Professional Paper 796 ....... .......................... ,~
Biosciences Information Service (BIOSIS) ........................ ~I0
BOXMDD80 ..... .................................. v3'18
CANAL ................ .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' .............................
Cancer Literature (CANCERLIT; formerly CANCER' LINE) ............................ o4,"!
Carcinogens .................... ........................ ~ iy
EPA Data Bases (See: Section 3.1) '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ........................... f}l
Carcinogenicity Literature ..... ........................... 7. *
CECATS ..... ................................. 2'15
EPACASR ...... ..................................... 2'15
GTDMIS .................. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ......................... ?
General Radiation Health Impact Evaluation ............................... o ,r
IRIS ...... ................................ 2'15
SPHERE ............ '.'.'.'.'. .................................. 2"15
Non-EPA Data Bases (See: Section 3.2) ' '. ................................. olr
BIOSIS ...... ............................. ^"'5
CANCERLIT .... ....................................... 2'15
CBDS ...... ..................................... 2'15
CCRIS ..... ......................................... 2'15
CESARS ............. '.'.'.'.'.'.'. ............................... 2"15
Chemical Exposure ........ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ..................... \ ~!f
Chemical Exposure: Chemicals in Human Tissues and Fluids ....................... O'HC
CHEMLINE ...... ...................... ^'5
cis ............ .'.'.'.'.'!.'!.".'.'.'.':: ........................... 2~15
Clearinghouse on Health Indexes . ................................. 2"^
EMBASE ................ .''.'' ............................... 2'16
Environmental Fate Data Bases ................................... ' '2~16
HAZARDLINE . . .................................. 2"16
MEDLINE ..... ......................... ............. 2'16
NIOSHTIC .... ...................................... 2'16
NOES ....... ...................................... 2'16
NOHS ...... ...................................... 2-16
NPIRS ... .......................................... 2'16
OCIS ...... : .............................................. 2-16
OHS-MSDS ... ..................................... 2'16
PASCAL ........ ....................................... 2'16
RTECS .............. ....... ................ ............... 2"16
Toxicology Data Bank ..... .................................... 2"16
TOXLINE ... ...................................... 2~16
............................................... 2-16
Index-!
-------
EPA Data Files and Tapes (See: Section 4.1)
Potential Substantial Risks
Carclnogenesis Bioassay Data System (CBDS)
CAS Online (also known as CA SEARCH)
Central Regional Laboratory Library
Channel Transport Model (CHNTRN) ............ .
Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI)
Chemical and Stream Quality Model (TOXIWASP) ....... .
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System (CCRIS)
Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media
Chemical Evaluation Search And Retrieval System (CESARS)
Chemical Exposure ....................
Chemical Exposure: Chemicals in Human Tissues and Fluids
Chemical Information System (CIS)
Chemical Regulations and Guidelines System (CRGS)
Chemical Regulation Reporter
Chemical Transport and Analysis Program (CTAP)
Chemicals Identified in Human Biological Media
2-16
CHEMLAW ................................................. ' ' 'IT;
CHEMUNE ............................ ....................... '
CHEMSEARCH ~
Chem Singly Indexed Substances (CHEMSIS)
CHEMTRAN
CHEMZERO
Cincinnati Environmental Research Center Library
Clearinghouse on Health Indexes
Climatological Dispersion Model (CDM)
Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products (CTCP)
Cohort Analysis of Increased Risks of Deaths (CAIRO) Model
Community Health Air Monitoring Program (CHAMP)
Comparisons of Molecular Structures
Compliance Alert: Federal Register Digest
Compliance Management Report
Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Library
Coupled Fluid, Energy and Solute Transport (CFEST)
Combined with UNSAT-ID
CRSTER
DARC
_
Directories [[[ 0 oc
^...o ................ <3-^O
DMS ............................................ oc.
Dortmund VLE Data Bank ............................................ -tf
Dose and Risk Assessment Tabulation (DARTAB) ............................... =>-'£
Dose Response Assessment (Toxicokinetics and Bioeffects) ......................... 2-8
Dose-Response Models .................................... ' ......... 5'^
Duluth Environmental Research Laboratory Library .............................. J b"
Duration Extrapolation .............................................. jjjS
DYNHYD3 [[[
Ecological Effects Data ............................................. J^
Ecotoxlcologlcal Data on Ethoxylated Surfactants (ETHOX) ......................... ^
EMBASE .......................................... ........... 312°
Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2E) ............................... *>-'
ENV1ROUNE [[[ 3';°
Environment Reporter ............................................... ^"^°
Environmental Bibliography ........................................... ;f^°
-------
Environmental Fate Data Bases 3 27
Environmental Health News '.':'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 3^7
Environmental Mutagen Information Center (EMIC) ! 3 2«
Environmental Partitioning Model (ENPART) ..... . '.'.', 5_16
Environmental Teretology Information Center (ETIC) Q~28
EPA Bibliographic Data File . . . ". :.":; .' .' ' .' .' .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 4.2
EPA Data Bases 3 1
Acute Hazards Data '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 3-2
Air Emissions From Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities for Hazardous Waste (TSDF) 3-2
Airborne Paniculate and Precipitation Data (ERFD) 3_2
Air Toxics Clearinghouse 3-2
Carcinogenicity Literature o o
CBI GLOBAL .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.''.'.'.'. 3.3
Chemicals In Commerce Information System (CICIS) 33
CSB Existing Chemical Assessment Tracking System (CECATS) ..'.'.'.'.'.'. 3.4
Clinical Studies Division, Cleans Clever Clinical Study Data (CSDCLEANS) 3.4
Criteria Reference Information Bank (CRIB) ....... 34
Dyer EEG Evoked Potential (DEEP) '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 3.4
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facilities (EERF) Sample Data Base 35
EPA Chemical Activities Status Report (EPACASR or CASRS) 3.5
Environmental Effects/Fate Information System (EEFIS) 3.5
ERFD See: Airborne Paniculate and Precipitation Data
General Radiation Health Impact Evaluation , 3 6
Global Indexing System (Gl) '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 3-6
Genetic Toxicology Division Bioassay System (GTDMIS) . 3 5
Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS) . o"R
HEOX (Oxidants) .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 37
Industrial Studies Data Base (ISDB) '.'.'.'.'. o~7
Inhalation Literature 3 8
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) 3"8
Lake Analysis Management System (LAMS) . . 3 8
LEVEL 8(A) See: TSCA 8(a) LEVEL A Information System
MEGA-XLIST
Microbiological Data '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '39
National Air Toxics Information Clearing House (NATICH) '.'.'.'.'.'. 3 a
National Human Adipose Tissue Data o 1n
Neurotoxicity Data \ \ )T
Ocean Data Evaluation System (ODES) .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ' " ' 3^0
Oil and Hazardous Materials-Technical Assistance Data System (OHM-TADS) ............ .3-10
OTS Chemical Directory (CHEMD) '.'.'.'. ?~]J
PENTA .'.'.'.'.'.' o"
Permdata Management System (PERMDATA) ' ' 3.^
Pesticide Document Management System (PDMS) 3"12
Pesticide Incident Monitoring System (PIMS) 3"12
Physiological Data Acquisition System (PDAS) 3"12
Public Health Risk Evaluation Data Base (PHRED) o~,0
Radiation (RAD) .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 3-13
Scientific Parameters for Health and the Environment, Retrieval and Estimation (SPHERE) 313
Storage and Retrieval of Water Quality Information (STORET) 3 14
Studies on Toxicity Applicable to Risk Assessment (STARA) q 14
TSCA Initial Inventory ^ \
TSCA8(a) LEVEL A Information System (LEVEL8(A)) o~1tr
TSCA Plus Ill
TSCA Test Submissions (TSCATS) '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'.'. 3^5
TSDF See: Air Emissions from Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities for Hazardous Waste
Index-3
-------
Whole-Body Count and Bioassay (WBC) 3-"16
EPA Data Files and Tapes 4'1
Chemicals Identified in Human Biological Media 4-"1
Community Health Air Monitoring Program (CHAMP) 4-1
Ecological Effects Data 4'2
Ecotoxicological Data on Ethoxylated Surfactants (ETHOX) 4-2
EPA Bibliographic Data File 4'2
Eptdemiological Studies (EPID) 4-2
Files of Exposure Assessments for Existing Chemicals 4-3
Gastro-Intestinal Effects Literature 4-3
ITS Chemical Scores 4'3
Love Canal and Data Handling System 4-3
National Human Milk Monitoring Program (NHMP) 4-4
Oil and Hazardous Materials Spill Information Retrieval System (OHM-SIRS) 4-4
Potential Substantial Risks 4'4
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification Data File '. 4-4
Storage And Retrieval Of Aerometric Data (SAROAD), National Air Data Branch 4-5
Survey Meter and Historical Dosimetry Data Base (SM/HD) 4-5
Three Mile Island Environmental Radiation (TMI Rad) 4-5
TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
Plant Site Information File 4-5
TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
Production Information File 4-6
TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
Preferred Name File and Synonym File 4-6
TSCA New Chemicals 4-6
TSCA Section 4 Chemical Bibliographies 4-7
Water Solubility Data 4-7
EPA Models 5-1
Atmospheric Dispersion of Radionuclides (AIRDOSE EPA) 5-14
BOXMDD80 5'1
Climatological Dispersion Model (COM) 5-2
Channel Transport Model (CHNTRN) 5-5
Chemical and Stream Quality Model (TOXIWASP) 5-5
Chemical Transport and Analysis Program (CTAP) 5-6
Cohort Analysis of Increased Risks of Deaths (CAIRO) Model 5-14
CRSTER 5-2
Dose and Risk Assessment Tabulation (DARTAB) 5-14
DYNHYD3 5-6
Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2E) 5-7
Environmental Partitioning Model (ENPART) '. 5-16
Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS) 5-7
High Level Radioactive Waste-Respository Risk Model (REPRISK) 5 14
Hydrdogical Simulation Program FORTRAN (HSPF) 5-7
Industrial Source Complex 5-2
Low-level Radioactive Waste Environmental Transport and
Risk Assessment Code (PRESTO-EPA) 5-15
Maximum Individual Dose Model (MAXDOSE) 5-15
Metals Exposure Analysis Modeling System (MEXAMS) 58
Michigan River Model (MICHRIV) 5-8
MINTEQ 5-8
Mixture and Systemic Toxicant Risk Model (MSRM) 5 15
Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) 5-12
Pesticides Analytical Transport Solution (PESTAN) or
Analytic Transient 1,2,3 Dimensional Model (AT123D) 5-12
Plutonium Air Inhalation Dose (PAID) 5-15
Index-4
-------
Point Source Discharge - Concentration at a Distance (PTDIS) 5-3
Point Source Discharge - Maximum Concentration (PTMAX) 5.3
Point, Area, Line Source Algorithm (PAL) 5.4
Probabilistic Dilution Model (PDM) 5.8
PTMTP ' '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 5-3
Radionuclide Dose Rate/Risk (RADRISK) 5-16
RAM '5.4
Regulator and Treatment Zone Model (RITZ) : .5-13
REPRISK See: High Level Radioactive Waste Repository Risk Model
Seasonal Soil Compartment Model (SESOIL) 5-13
Sediment-Contaminant Transport (SERATRA) 5.9
Simulated Waste Access to Ground Water (SWAG) 5-13
Sludge Program-Health Impacts (SPHI) 5-16
Texas Episodic Model (TEM) 5-4
Three-dimensional Plumes in Uniform Ground-Water Flow (PLUMEZD) '. 5-13
Time-dependent, Three-dimensional Transport Model 59
Time-dependent, Three-dimensional, Variable-density Hydrodynamic Model 5-9
Toxic Organic Substance Transport and Bioaccumulation Model 0"OXIC) 5-10
TOXIWASP See: Chemical and Stream Quality
Transient One-dimensional Degradation And Migration Model (TODAM) . 5-10
VALLEY '.!'.'.'.".'.!".'.'.'! 5-4
Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASPS) .5 11
Water Quality Assessment Methodology (WQAM) 5-11
Water Quality Modeling System for the Great Lakes (WQMSGL) . .5-11
Epidemiologic Data 2-4
Epidemiological Studies (EPID) 4_2
ESTAN .".'.'.'.::::::::: ;5-i8
Estuary and Stream Quality Model (WASTOX) 5-17
Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS) '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 5-7
Exposure Assessment 2-10
Exposure Assessment Models 5_14
Exposure Route, Magnitude, and Duration '.'.'.'.'.'.'. .2-13
Files of Exposure Assessments for Existing Chemicals 4.3
Finite Element Model of Waste (FEMWASTE) ' ' '5.19
Finite Element Transport Model (FETRA) 5-17
Gamma Multihit Model '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.''' 5-20
Gastro-lntestinal Effects Literature 4-3
General References to Publications 7.9
Geoecology Data Base (SAS Format) ...........]....... . . 4-8
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory Library '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .3-51
Hazard Characterization 2.4
Hazard Identification '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 2-2
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) -3 OR
HAZARDLINE '.'.'. I '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.''' 's-28
Headquarters '.'.'.'.'.'. 8-5
Headquarters Law Library '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 3-51
Headquarters Main Library ^3-51
Headquarters Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Library ^
-------
Leachate Plume Migration Model (LPMM) 5-19
LEXIS
Log P Database
Logit Model
Love Canal and Data Handling System (See: CANAL)
Low-dose Extrapolation
Low-level Radioactive Waste Environmental Transport
and Risk Assessment Code (PRESTO-EPA)
Manuals
Master Water Data Index (MWDI)
Maximum Individual Dose Model (MAXDOSE) 5-15
MEDUNE
Metals Exposure Analysis Modeling System (MEXAMS) 5 8
Michigan River Model (MICHRIV) 5'8
MINTEQ 5"8' 5"12
Mixing Height Studies 4;3
Mixture and Systemic Toxicant Risk Model (MSRM) °-i°
Multimedia Models ' °-ie
Multistage Model j>-j"
Narragansett Environmental Research Laboratory Library <*-°*
National Enforcement Investigation Center Library 3 52
National Environmental Data Referral Service (NEDRES) 3-30
National Groundwater Information Center Data Base (NGWIC) 3-31
National Human Milk Monitoring Program (NHMP) 4-4
National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) 3'3]
National Occupational Hazard Survey (NOHS) 3-31
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) 3-32
National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN), Geological Survey 4-8
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 3-32
NEX1S 3'32
NIOSHTIC 3'33
Non-carcinogens 2'}°
EPA Data Bases (See: Section 3.1) 2 16
CECATS 2'16
DEEP 2'16
EPACASR 2-16
General Radiation Health Impact Evaluation 2-1°
Gl 2'16
GTDMIS 2-16
HEOX 2'16
IRIS 2-16
Neurotoxicity Data Z"1D
OHM-TADS 2'16
PERMDATA 2"16
PDAS 2'16
PHRED 2-16
RAD 2'16
SPHERE 2'16
STARA 2'16
WBC 2'16
Non-EPA Data Bases (See: Section 3.2) 2~16
B1OSIS 2'16
CESARS 2-16
CCRIS 2'16
Chemical Exposure 2'16
Chemical Exposure: Chemicals in Human Tissues and Fluids 2-16
Index-6
-------
Clearinghouse on Health Indexes . . 0 ic
CTCP , 2- °
EMIC :::::::::::::;;" 2-7
Environmental Fate Data Bases .... 0 <-?
ETIC ::;:::;:;:""* 2 }77
HAZARDLINE ' * ' 'f ]'
MEDLINE ' J'
NIOSHTIC ' ' ' *"];
NOES '.'.'.'.'.'/.'.'.'.'. " f}7
NOHS ; :::::;::' ' ^
NPIRS ; ;
ocis :;:;:::;; .2- ?
OHS-MSDS ' ' ' " r".1'
PASCAL '.;]*.;;; --- .2-7
BTECS '.'....'..'.'.'.'" 2 17
Toxicology Data Bank ' 0 17
TOXLINE ....'.'.'.'.'. " 2 17
EPA Data Files and Tapes (See: Section 4.1) , . -w
Potential Substantial Risks ' ' " " ' ' ' ''
Non-EPA Data Bases ' ' ' f"J'
ACS Journals Online t~. '
AGRICOLA IT ;
Air/Water Pollution Report .... ' ' ' ' ' "t]l
AQUALINE '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 3 Jo
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) ...... 3 18
Biosciences Information Service (BiOSIS) .... ? ia
Cancer Literature (CANCERLIT; formerly CANCERLINE) '.'.'.'.'' 3 Jo
Carcinogenesis Bioassay Data System (CBDS) O'^Q
CAS ONLINE (also known as CA SEARCH) ' ' ' |"]q
Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI) . 3 20
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System (CCRIS) 3 2n
Chemical Evaluation Search And Retrieval System (CESARS) -- , ..- u
Chemical Exposure , ..,.,.....' ' ' ' 3"on
Chemical Exposure; Chemicals in Human Tissues and Fluids -son
Chemical Information System (CIS) ' - - - - , . .0-^1
Chemical Regulations and Guidelines System (CRGS) 't?}
Chemical Regulation Reporter >-.....,,... . .._._. .^
CHEMLAW ' " .-,..., , ,3-22
CHEMLINE ' - - - -^ .,--..,. ,3-22
CHEMSEARCH '.'.'/.'.'.'.'."'"''"''''''''"' J22
Chem Singly Indexed Substances (CHEMSIS) . . ..,--....,,. , ,3-23
CHEMTRAN .... 3-23
CHEMZERO ,....'.'.'!.'"'".' ' ' ' ' '
Clearinghouse on .Health Indexes ..'....... , . ,3-23
Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products (CTCP) ' ' 't?*
Compliance Alert: Federal Register Digest « ,?
Compliance Management Report . ^"^
DARC .3-25
DMS :;: - - -3-^
Dortmund VLE Data Bank ... ' ' ' ' * ' ' ' ' -?'?5
EMBASE . . - - - , ,......,, .3-25
ENVIROLINE "..'.'.'.'.'/.'.'.'. 3"26
Environment Reporter ...,.....'.'.'.'. ,..-,... 3-26
Environmental Bibliography ....... .3-26
Environmental Fate Data Bases - - - - , 3.25
Environmental Health News ...,,., "....
""""'"'"" 3-27
Inclex-7
-------
o OR
Environmental Mutagen Information Center (EMIC) 2Q
Environmental Teretoiogy Information Center (ETIC) ' 3 2g
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) 3 28
HAZARDLINE 3_29
HEILBRON 3_29
instructional Resources Information System (IRIS) g 2g
LEXIS '. '.3.30
Log P Database 3.30
Master Water Data Index (MWDI) '.'.'.'.'. .3-30
National Environmental Data Referral Service (NEDRES) . . . ^°
National Groundwater Information Center Data Base (NGWIG) 3_31
National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) 3 31
National Occupational Hazard Survey (NOHS) 3.32
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) 3_32
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 3 32
NEXIS 3_33
oSupItfonalHeal'th Services Material' Safety Data Sheet (OHS-MSDSJ 3-33
OSHA Computerized Information System (OCIS) 3 33
PASCAL '3_34
Pollution Abstracts 3 34
Population Information Online (POPLINE) '3 34
Registry Nomenclature and Structure Service (RNSS) . "
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
Soils Information Retrieval Systems (SIRS)
Structure and Nomenclature Search System (SANSS) 3 36
Toxicology Data Bank 3.37
TOXLINE 3_38
Waste Management and Resource Recovery 3 38
Water Data Sources Directory (WDSD) . . . 3.38
Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE) 3_3g
Water Resources Abstracts /./r,;,^' 3-39
Water Resources Scientific Information Centers (WRSIC) 3 3g
WATERLINE 3".40
WATERNET 3.40
Wetland Values Bibliographic Database 47
Non-EPA Data Files and Tapes 47
Annual Observation Well File (AOWF) ?
Automatic Digital Recorder Tapes (ADR)
Basic Well Data for Professional Paper 796 4 8
Geoecology Data Base (SAS Format) 4 8
Index to Geologic Maps . A o
National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN), Geological Survey £»
Mixing Height Studies ' 4.g
Stability Array (STAR) 4_g
Summary of the Month Co-op Element File 4 g
Surface Airways Observations 4_g
U.S. Soil Temperatures ; 4 q
Volatile Organic Chemicals in the Atmosphere: an Assessment of Available Data - -^
Non-EPA Models ,'. ' j ' luYnuoAT in * ia
Coupled Fluid, Energy and Solute Transport (CFEST) Combined with UNSAT ID 5-18
ESTAN 5_17
: '-5-19
Index-8
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Finite Element Transport Model (FETRA) ............................... 5_17
Gamma Multihit Model ................................. .......... 5-20
Leachate Plume Migration Model (LPMM) ..................... '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'' 5-19
Logit Model ..................................... '............ .5-20
Multistage Model ......................................... ....... 5_2-|
One-hit Model ...................................... ......... 5_21
Probit Model .................................... ..... 5_21
Random Walk Solute Transport Model (RWSTM) ...... ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . .' .' ."5-19
Sandia Waste Isolation Flow and Transport Model (SWIFT) ................. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 5-20
Simplified Lake/Stream Analysis (SLSA) ........................ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ^5-18
Texas Climatological Model Control (TCM) ..... ........ K-\K
WASTOX .......................... .".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.''.".'.'.'.'.'.'. '. '.'. '5-17
Weibull Model ......................................... ....... 5_2-j
Objectives .......................................... .......... ^
Occupational Health Services Material Safety Data Sheet (OHS MSDS) ..... ..... . . . . . . 3.33
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response ......................... '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 8-5
Office of Information Resources Risk Management Bulletin Board ................ '.'.'.'.'.'. 8-6
Office of Pesticide and Toxic Substances .............................. . . 8-5
Office of Radiation Programs .................................... " ..... 8.6
Office of Research and Development ... ................................ 8-5
Office of Waste Programs Enforcement .............................. '.'.'.'.'"' 8-5
Oil and Hazardous Materials Spill Information Retrieval System (OHM-SIRS) .... ............ 4.4
One-hit Model .......................................... ..... 5.21
Osha Computerized Information System (OCIS) .... ............ 3 33
PASCAL .................................... .... .............. 3.33
Periodicals ...................................... ............. 6_8
Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) ................... '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ...... 5-12
Pesticides Analytical Transport Solution (PEST AN) or
Analytic Transient 1,2,3 Dimensional Model (AT123D) .................. 5.12
Physical/Chemical Properties ......................... [ ............. 2-32-11
Plutonium Air Inhalation Dose (PAID) ............. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .......... 5-"l5
Point, Area, Line Source Algorithm (PAL) ............... '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ........... 5.4
Point Source Discharge - Concentration at a Distance (PTDIS) ............... ......... 5.3
Point Source Discharge - Maximum Concentration (PTMAX) ............. ............ 5.3
Pollution Abstracts ................................ ............. 3_34
Population at Risk .... .................... '.'.'.'. .................... 2]^3
Population Information Online (POPLINE) ...... '.'.'.'.','.'.'.'. .................... 3^34
Potential Substantial Risks ......... ........................ 4 4
PRESTO-EPA .......................... .' ........................ - ~*
Probabilistic Dilution Model (PDM) . . .............................. c o
Probit Model ........... .......................... , °"?
PROFILE ..................... '.'.'.'.'.'.'. ......................... 3~34
PTMTP ................................ .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".::::: ........ 5 3
Publications Related to Dose-Response Assessments ................ ..... ........ 74
Publications Related to Exposure Assessment ............... ................. 7.5
Publications Related to Hazard Identification ............. ............ ......... 7-1
Publications Related to Risk Characterization ............... '.'.'.'.'. ............. 7-8
Radionuclide Dose Rate/Risk (RADRISK) . . ..................... c 1R
RAM ........ ............................... b;^
............................................. 5-4
Random Walk Solute Transport Model (RWSTM) .................... ....... 5_19
References and Documentation of Models ....... ........ '. .................. 5.22
Region 1 Library ......................... ..... ................... 3~52
Region I ..................... .......................... a 1 8 4
Region 2 Field Office Library .................... '.'.'.'.'. ................ 3.53
Region 2 Library .......... ........................... o'co
Index-9
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Region 3 Library :?
Region III 8'1
Reglon4 Ubrary _J
ReglonlV - - **
Regions Library : -d
RegionV **
Region 6 Library -d
Region VI ^'
Region 7 Library -
Region VII -8-2
Region 8 Ubrary -3
Region VIII 8'3'
Region 9 Library °
Region IX 8"3'
Region 10 Ubrary f
RegionX 8'3'
Regional
Registry Nomenclature and Structure Service (RNSS) ^
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
Regulator and Treatment Zone Model (RITZ) 5
REPRISK
Research Triangle Park Ubrary *
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification Data File
Risk Characterization
Roberts. KerrUbrary
Route Extrapolation ^" "
Sandia Waste Isolation Row and Transport Model (SWIFT) °-^u
Seasonal Soil Compartment Model (SESOIL) 5-13
Sediment-Contaminant Transport (SERATRA) °-^
Short-term Studies (acute/subacute toxicity) 2-6
SImplined Lake/Stream Analysis (SLSA) ^-IB
Simulated Waste Access to Ground-Water (SWAG) °-id
Sludge Program-Health Impacts (SPHI) 5-16
Soils Information Retrieval Systems (SIRS) 3'3°
Specfflc Citations '"\
Stability Array (STAR) j9
Storage And Retrieval Of Aerometric Data (SAROAD), National Air Data Branch 4-5
Structure And Nomenclature Search System (SANSS) 3 36
Substance Identification . ., ^"3
Summary of the Month Co-op Element File 4'9
Surface Airways Observations 4'=
Surface Water Fate Models 5~5< 5'^
Survey Meter and Historical Dosimetry Data Base (SM/HD) 4-5
Texas Clirnatological Model Control (TCM) 5-16
Texas Episodic Model (TEM) 5'4
Three-dimensional Plumes in Uniform Ground-Water Flow (PLUMEZD) 5-13
Three Mile Island Environmental Radiation (TMI RAD) 4-5
Time-dependent, Three-dimensional Transport Model 59
Time-dependent, Three-dimensional, Variable-density Hydrodynamic Model 5-9
Toxic Organic Substance Transport and Bioaccumulation Model (TOXIC) 5-10
Toxicity Data 2-5
Toxicology Data Bank «^°
TOXIWASP 5'10
TOXLINE 3"37
Transient One-dimensional Degradation And Migration Model (TODAM) 5-10
Index-10
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TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) Chemical Substances Inventory:
, Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two, Plant Site Information File 4-5
TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
Production Information File 4-6
TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial inventory and Cumulative Supplement Two,
Preferred Name File and Synonym File . 4-6
TSCA New Chemicals 4-6
TSCA Section 4 Chemical Bibliographies 4-7
Unsaturated Zone and Groundwater Fate Models 5-12,518
Use of the Directory 1-2
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 8-5
U.S. Soil Temperatures 4-9
VALLEY 5-4
Waste Management and Resource Recovery 3-38
WASTOX 5-18
Water Data Sources Directory (WDSD) 3-38
Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE) 3 38
Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASPS) 511
Water Quality Assessment Methodology (WQAM) 5-11
Water Quality Modeling System for the Great Lakes (WQMSGL) 5-11
Water Resources Abstracts 3-39
Water Resources Scientific Information Centers (WRSIC) 3-39
Water Solubility Data 4-7
WATERLINE 3-39
WATERNET 3-40
Weibull Model 5-21
Wetland Values Bibliographic Database 3-40
Index-11
U.S.GOVEHNMENTPRINTINGOFF1CE:1987 - 748-121/40714
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