EPA/540/4-90/006
September 1990
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES:
California
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Emergency & Remedial Response
Office of Program Management
Washington, D.C. 20460
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If you wish to purchase copies of any additional State volumes or the
Overview volume, Superfund: Focusing on the Nation at Large, contae
National Technical Information Service (NTISJ
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487-4600
National
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PAGE
INTRODUCTION:
A Brief Overview... iii
SuPERFUNp:
How Does the Program Work to Clean Up Sites vii
How To:
Using the State Volume xvii
NPL SITES:
A State Overview xxi
THE NPL PROGRESS REPORT xxiii
NPL: Site Fact Sheets 1
GLOSSARY:
Terms Used in the Fact Sheets G-1
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IT
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WHY THE SUPERFUND
PROGRAM?
s,the 1970s came to a
close, a series of head-
' line stories gave
Americans a look at the
dangers of dumping indus-
trial and urban wastes on the
land. First there was New
York's Love Canal. Hazard-
ous waste buried there over a
25-year period contaminated
streams and soil, and endan-
gered the health of nearby
residents. The result: evacu-
ation of several hundred
people. Then the leaking
barrels at the Valley of the
Drums in Kentucky attracted
public attention, as did the
dioxin tainted land and water
in Times Beach, Missouri.
In all these cases, human
health and the environment
were threatened, lives were
disrupted, property values
depreciated. It became in-
creasingly clear that there
were large numbers of serious
hazardous waste problems
that were falling through the
cracks of existing environ-
mental laws. The magnitude
of these emerging problems
moved Congress to enact the
Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensa-
tion, and Liability Act in 1980.
CERCLA commonly
known as the Superfund
was the first Federal law
established to deal with the
dangers posed by the
Nation's hazardous waste
sites.
X: ,X-X"
After Discovery, the Problem
Intensified
Few realized the size of the
problem until EPA began the
process of site discovery and
site evaluation. Not hun-
dreds, but thousands of
potential hazardous waste
sites existed, and they pre-
sented the Nation with some
of the most complex pollution
problems it had ever faced.
In the 10 years since the
Superfund program began,
hazardous waste has surfaced
as a major environmental
concern in every part of the
United States. It wasn't just
the land that was contami-
nated by past disposal prac-
tices. Chemicals in the soil
were spreading into the
groundwater (a source of
drinking water for many) and
into streams, lakes, bays, and
wetlands. Toxic vapors
contaminated the air at some
sites, while at others improp-
erly disposed or stored
wastes threatened the health
of the surrounding commu-
nity and the environment.
EPA Identified More than
1,200 Serious Sites
EPA has identified 1,236
hazardous waste sites as the
most serious in the Nation.
These sites comprise the
"National Priorities List":
sites targeted for cleanup
under the Superfund. But site
discoveries continue, and
EPA estimates that, while
some will be deleted after
lengthy cleanups, this list,
commonly called the NPL,
will continue to grow by ap-
proximately 100 sites per
year, reaching 2,100 sites by
the year 2000.
THE NATIONAL
CLEANUP EFFORT IS
MUCH MORE THAN
THE NPL
From the beginning of the
program, Congress recog-
nized that the Federal govern-
ment could not and should
not address all environmental
problems stemming from past
disposal practices. Therefore,
the EPA was directed to set
priorities and establish a list
of sites to target. Sites on the
NPL (1,236) are thus a rela-
iii
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INTRODUCTION
lively small subset of a larger
inventory of potential hazard-
ous waste sites, but they do
comprise the most complex
and environmentally compel-
ling cases. EPA has logged
more than 32,000 sites on its
National hazardous waste
inventory, and assesses each
site within one year of being
logged. In fact, over 90 per-
cent of the sites on the inven-
tory have been assessed. Of
the assessed sites, 55 percent
have been found to require no
further Federal action because
they did not pose significant
human health or environ-
mental risks. The remaining
sites are undergoing further
assessment to determine if
long-term Federal cleanup
activities are appropriate.
EPA IS MAKING
PROGRESS ON SITE
CLEANUP
The goal of the Superfund
program is to tackle immedi-
ate dangers first, and then
move through the progressive
steps necessary to eliminate
any long-term risks to public
health and the environment.
The Superfund responds
immediately to sites posing
imminent threats to human
health and the environment
at both NPL sites and sites
not on the NPL. The purpose
is to stabilize, prevent, or
temper the effects of a haz-
ardous release, or the threat
of one. These might include
tire fires or transportation
accidents involving the spill
of hazardous chemicals.
Because they reduce the
threat a site poses to human
health and the environment,
immediate cleanup actions
are an integral part of the
Superfund program.
Immediate response to immi-
nent threats is one of the
Superfund 's most noted
achievements. Where immi-
nent threats to the public or
environment were evident,
EPA has completed or moni-
tored emergency actions that
attacked the most serious
threats to toxic exposure in
more than 1,800 cases.
The ultimate goal for a haz-
ardous waste site on the NPL
is a permanent solution to an
environmental problem that
presents a serious (but not an
imminent) threat to the public
or environment. This often
requires a long-term effort. In
the last four years, EPA has
aggressively accelerated its
efforts to perform these long-
term cleanups of NPL sites.
More cleanups were started
in 1987, when the Superfund
law was amended, than in
any previous year. And in
1989 more sites than ever
reached the construction
stage of the Superfund
cleanup process. Indeed
construction starts increased
by over 200 percent between
late 1986 and 1989! Of the
sites currently on the NPL,
more than 500 nearly half
r- have had construction
cleanup activity! In addition,
over 500 more sites are pres-
ently in. the investigation
stage to determine the extent
of site contamination, and to
identify appropriate cleanup
remedies. Many other sites
with cleanup remedies se-
lected are poise^ for the start
of cleanup construction activ-
ity. Measuring Success by
"progress through the
cleanup pipeline," EPA is
clearly gaining momentum.
EPA MAKES &URE
CLEANUP W0RKS
EPA has gained enough
experience in cleanup con-
struction to understand that
environmental protection
does not end when the rem-
edy is in place. jMany com-
plex technologies like
tnose designed jx> clean up
groundwaterj must operate
for many years m order to
accomplish their objectives,
EPA's hazardous waste site
managers are committed to
proper operation and mainte-
nance of every remedy con-
structed. No matter who has
been delegated jresponsibility
for monitoring the cleanup
work, the EPA will assure
that the remedy,is carefully
followed and that it continues
to do its job.
Likewise, EPA does not
abandon a site 4ven after the
cleanup work is done. Every
IV
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S"*y
five years the Agency reviews
each site where residues from
hazardous waste cleanup still
remain to ensure that public
and environmental health are
still being safeguarded. EPA
will correct any deficiencies
discovered and report to the
public annually on all five-
year reviews conducted that
year.
CITIZENS HELP SHAPE
DECISIONS
Superfund activities also
depend upon local citizen
participation. EPA'sjobisto
analyze the hazards and
deploy the experts, but the
Agency needs citizen input as
it makes choices for affected
communities.
Because the people in a
community with a Superfund
site will be those most di-
rectly affected by hazardous
waste problems and cleanup
processes, EPA encourages
citizens to get involved in
cleanup decisions. Public in-
volvement and comment does
influence EPA cleanup plans
by providing valuable infor-
mation about site conditions,
community concerns and
preferences.
This State volume and the
companion National Over-
view volume provide general
Superfund background
information and descriptions
of activities at each State NPL
site. These volumes are
intended to clearly describe
what the problems are, what
EPA and others participating
in site cleanups are doing,
and how we as a Nation can
move ahead in solving these
serious problems.
USING THE STATE AND
NATIONAL VOLUMES
IN TANDEM
To understand the big picture
on hazardous waste cleanup,
citizens need to hear about
both environmental progress
across the country and the
cleanup accomplishments
closer to home. The public
should understand the chal-
lenges involved in hazardous
waste cleanup and the deci-
sions we must make as a
Nation in finding the best
solutions.
The National Overview
volume Superfund: Focus-
ing on the Nation at Large
accompanies this State vol-
ume. The National Overview
contains important informa-
tion to help you understand
the magnitude and challenges
facing the Superfund pro-
gram as well as an overview
of the National cleanup effort.
The sections describe the
nature of the hazardous
waste problem nationwide,
threats and contaminants at
NPL sites and their potential
effects on human health and
the environment, the Super-
fund program's successes in
cleaning up the Nation's
serious hazardous waste sites,
and the vital roles of the
various participants in the
cleanup process.
This State volume compiles
site summary fact sheets on
each State site being cleaned
up under the Superfund
program. These sites repre-
sent the most serious hazard-
ous waste problems in the
Nation, and require the most
complicated and costly site
solutions yet encountered.
Each State book gives a
"snapshot" of the conditions
and cleanup progress that has
been made at each NPL site in
the State through the first half
of 1990. Conditions change as
our cleanup efforts continue,
so these site summaries will
be updated periodically to
include new information on
progress being made.
To help you understand the
cleanup accomplishments
made at these sites, this State
volume includes a description
of the process for site discov-
ery, threat evaluation and
long-term cleanup of Super-
fund sites. This description
How Does the Program
Work to Clean Up Sites?
will serve as a good reference
point from which to review
the cleanup status at specific
sites. A glossary also is
included at the back of the
book that defines key terms
used in the site fact sheets as
they apply to hazardous
waste management.
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IA
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" 1 he diverse problems posed by the Nation's hazardous
% waste sites have provided EPA with the challenge to
" establish a consistent approach for evaluating and
cleaning up the Nation's most serious sites. To do this, EPA
had to step beyond its traditional role as a regulatory agency
to develop processes and guidelines for each step in these
technically complex site cleanups. EPA has established proce-
dures to coordinate the efforts of its Washington, D.C. Head-
quarters program offices and its front-line staff in 10 Regional
Offices with the State governments, contractors, and private
parties who are participating in site cleanup^ An important
. part of the process is that any time during cleanup, work can
be led by EPA or the State or, under their monitoring, by
private parties who are potentially responsible for site con-
tamination.
The process for discovery of the site, evaluation of threat, and
long-term cleanup of Superfund sites is summarized in the
following pages. The phases of each of these steps are high-
lighted within the description. The flow diagram below pro-
vides a summary of this three step process.
STEP1
Discover site
and determine
whether an
emergency
exists *
STEP 2
Evaluate whether
a site is a serious
threat to public
health or
environment
STEPS
Perform long-term
cleanup actions on
the most serious
hazardous waste
sites in the Nation
* Emergency actions are performed -whenever needed in this three-step process
FIGURE 1
Although this State book provides a current "snapshot" of site progress made only by emer-
gency actions and long-term cleanup actions at Superfund sites, it is important to understand
the discovery and evaluation process that leads up to identifying and cleaning up these most
serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the Nation. This discovery and
evaluation process is the starting point for this summary description.
VII
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SUPERFUND
\v«v,, »v »
STEP 1: SITE DISCOVERY AND EMERGENCJY
EVALUATION
Site discovery occurs in a number of ways, information
comes from concerned citizens people may notice an odd
taste or foul odor in their drinking water, or see half-buried
leaking barrels; a hunter may come across a field where waste
was dumped illegally. Or there may be an explosion or fire
which alerts the State or local authorities to a problem. Rou-
tine investigations by State and local governments! and re-
quired reporting and inspection of facilities that generate,
treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste also help keep EPA
informed about either actual or potential threats of hazardous
substance releases. All reported sites or spills are recorded in
the Superfund inventory (CERCLIS) for further investigation
to determine whether they will require cleanup.
As soon as a potential hazardous waste site is reported, EPA
determines whether there is an emergency requiring an imme-
diate cleanup action. If there is, they act as quickly as possible
to remove or stabilize the imminent threat. These short-term
emergency actions range from building a fence around the
contaminated area to keep people away or temporarily relo-
cating residents until the danger is addressed, to providing
bottled water to residents while their local drinking water
supply is being cleaned up, or physically removing wastes for
safe disposal. \
However, emergency actions can happen at any time anlimminent
threat or emergency warrants them for example, if leaking
barrels are found when cleanup crews start digging in the
ground or if samples of contaminated soils or air show that
there may be a threat of fire or explosion, an immediate action
is taken. !
STEP 2: SITE THREAT EVALUATION '
i-.
Even after any imminent dangers are taken care of, in most
cases contamination may remain at the site. For example,
residents may have been supplied with bottled waijer to take
care of their immediate problem of contaminated well water.
But now it's time to figure out what is contaminating the
drinking water supply and the best way to clean it up. Or
viii !
-------
EPA may determine that there is no imminent danger from a
site, so now any long-term threats need to be evaluated. In
either case, a more comprehensive investigation is needed to
determine if a site poses a serious but not imminent danger,
and requires a long-term cleanup action.
Once a site is discovered and any needed emergency actions
are taken, EPA of the State collects all available background
information not only from their own files, but alsp from local
records and U.S. Geological Survey maps. This information is
used to identify the site and to perform a preliminary assess-
ment of its potential hazards. This is a quick review of readily
available information to answer the questions:
Are hazardous substances likely to be present?
How are they contained?
How might contaminants spread?
How close is the nearest well, home, or natural resource
area like a wetland or animal sanctuary?
What may be harmed the land, water, air, people,
. plants, or animals?
Some sites do not require further action because the prelimi-
nary assessment shows that they don't threaten public health
or the environment. But even in these cases, the sites remain
listed in the Superfund inventory for record keeping purposes
and future reference. Currently, there are more than 32,000
sites maintained in this inventory.
Inspectors go to the site to collect additional information to
evaluate its hazard potential. During this site irispection, they
look for evidence of hazardous waste, such as leaking drums
arid dead or discolored vegetation. They may take some
samples of soil, well water, river water, and air. Inspectors
analyze the ways hazardous materials could be polluting the
environment such as runoff into nearby streams. They also
check to see if people (especially children) have access to the
site.
Information collected during the site inspection is used to
identify the sites posing the most serious threats to human
health and the environment. This way EPA can. meet the
'{[m&u^xi&t, w&atls the,,,:,',
-
IX
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SUPERFUND
ow
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STEP 3: LONG-TERM CLEANUP ACTIONS
The ultimate goal for a hazardous waste site on the NPL is a
permanent, long-term cleanup. Since every site presents a
unique set of challenges, there is no single all-purpose solu-
tion. So a five-phase "remedial response" process is used to
develop consistent and workable solutions to hazardous waste
problems across the Nation:
1. Investigate in detail the extent of the site contamination:
remedial investigation,
2. Study the range of possible cleanup remedies: feasibility
study,
3. Decide which remedy to use: Record of Decision or ROD,
4. Plan the remedy: remedial design, and
5. Carry out the remedy: remedial action. ,
This remedial response process is a long-term effort to provide
a permanent solution to an environmental problem that
presents a serious, but not an imminent threat to the public or
environment.
The first two phases of a long-term cleanup are. a combined
remedial investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) that .
determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site,
and identify and evaluate cleanup alternatives. These studies
may be conducted by EPA or the State or, under their monitor-
ing, by private parties. -.--..,.-
Like the initial site inspection described earlier, a remedial
investigation involves an examination of site data in order to
better define the problem. But the remedial investigation is
much more detailed and comprehensive than the initial site
inspection. ,
A remedial investigation can best be described as a carefully
designed field study. It includes extensive sampling and
laboratory analyses to generate more precise data on the types
and quantities of wastes present at the site, the type of soil and
water drainage patterns, and specific human health and
environmental risks. The result is information that allows
EPA to select the cleanup strategy that is best suited to a
particular site or to determine that no cleanup is needed.
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SUI'ERFUND
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E How are
plttematives ^
|identified ,and
Devaluated? _ x
a Does the public have
; a say in the final ;
cleanup decisio«? "s
Placing a site on the NPL does not necessarily meajn that
cleanup is needed. It is possible for a site to receiv|e an HRS
score high enough to be added to the NPL, but not ultimately
require cleanup actions. Keep in mind that the purpose of the
scoring process is to provide a preliminary and conservative
assessment of potential risk. During subsequent site investiga-
tions, the EPA may find either that there is no real,threat or
that the site does not pose significant human health or envi-
ronmental risks. i
EPA or the State or, under their monitoring, private parties
identify and analyze specific site cleanup needs based on the
extensive information collected during the remedial investiga-
tion. This analysis of cleanup alternatives is called
study.
a feasibility
Since cleanup actions must be tailored exactly to th1 e needs of
each individual site, more than one possible clearaip alterna-
tive is always considered. After making sure that all potential
cleanup remedies fully protect human health and the environ-
ment and comply with Federal and State laws, the advantages
and disadvantages of each cleanup alternative are Carefully
compared. These comparisons are made to determine their
effectiveness in the short- and long-term, their use
of perma-
nent treatment solutions, and their technical feasibility and
cost. ;
: ,1' ,' ... i
To the maximum extent practicable, the remedy mast be a
permanent solution and use treatment technologies to destroy
principal site contaminants. But remedies such as containing
the waste on site or removing the source of the problem (like
leaking barrels) are often considered effective. Often special
pilot studies are conducted to determine the effectiveness and
feasibility of using a particular technology to clean up a site.
Therefore, the combined remedial investigation ar d feasibility
study can take between 10 and 30 months to complete, de-
pending on the size and complexity of the problem.
Yes. The Superfund law requires that the public be1 given the
opportunity to comment on the proposed cleanup plan. Their
concerns are carefully considered before a final decision is
made.
xii
-------
The results of the remedial investigation and feasibility study,
which also point out the recommended cleanup choice, are
published in a report for public review and comment. EPA or
the State encourages the public to review the information and
take an active role in the final cleanup decision. Fact sheets
and announcements in local papers let the community know
where they can get copies of the study and other reference
documents concerning the site.
The public has a minimum of 30 days to comment on the
proposed cleanup plan after it is published. These comments
can either be written or given verbally at public meetings that
EPA or the State are required to hold. Neither EPA nor the
State can select the final cleanup remedy without evaluating
and providing written answers to specific community com-
ments and concerns. This "responsiveness summary" is part
of EPA's write-up of the final remedy decision, called the
Record of Decision or ROD.
The ROD is a public document that explains the cleanup
remedy chosen and the reason it was selected. Since sites
frequently are large and must be cleaned up in stages, a ROD
may be necessary for each contaminated resource or area of
the site. This may be necessary when contaminants have
spread into the soil, water and air, and affect such sensitive
areas as wetlands, or when the site is large and cleaned up in
stages. This often means that a number of remedies using
different cleanup technologies are needed to clean up a single
site.
Yes. Before a specific cleanup action is carried out, it must be
designed in detail to meet specific site needs. This stage of the
cleanup is called the remedial design. The design phase
provides the details on how the selected remedy will be
engineered and constructed.
Projects to clean up a hazardous waste site may appear to be
like any other major construction project but, in fact, the likely
presence of combinations of dangerous chemicals demands
special construction planning and procedures. Therefore, the
design of the remedy can take anywhere from 6 months to 2
years to complete. This blueprint for site cleanup includes not
only the details on every aspect of the construction work, but a
description of the types of hazardous wastes expected at the
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site, special plans for environmental protection, worker safety,
regulatory compliance, and equipment decontamination.
The time and cost for performing the site cleanup -h called the
remedial action are as varied as the remedies themselves.
In a few cases, the only action needed may be to re anove,
drums of hazardous waste and decontaminate them an
action that takes limited tune and mpney. In most cases,
however, a remedial action may involve different iind expen-
sive measures that can take a long time.
For example, cleaning polluted ground water or dredging
contaminated river bottoms can take several years of complex
engineering work before contamination is reduced to safe
levels. Sometimes the selected cleanup remedy described in
the ROD may need to be modified .because of new contami-
nant information discovered or difficulties that were faced
during the early cleanup activities. Taking into account these
differences, a remedial cleanup action takes an average of 18
months to complete and costs an average of $26 million per
site. . . - . .-.-..-'..,!,
I
No. The deletion of a site from the NPL is anything but auto-
matic. For example, cleanup of contaminated groujndwater
may take up to 20 years or longer. Also, in some cjases the
long-term monitoring of the remedy is required to ensure that
it is effective. After construction of certain remedies, opera-
tion and maintenance (e.g., maintenance of grouncji cover,
groundwater monitoring, etc.) or continued pumping and
treating of groundwater, may be required to ensure that the
remedy continues to prevent future health hazards or environ-
mental damage, and ultimately meets the cleanup jgoals
specified in the ROD. Sites in this final monitoring or opera-
tional stage of the cleanup process are designated is "con-
struction completed". I
11
It's not until a site cleanup meets all the goals and jmonitoring
requirements of the selected remedy that EPA can [officially
propose the site for "deletion" from the NPL. And it's not
until public comments are taken into consideratior that a site
can actually be deleted from the NPL. Deletions that have
occurred are included in the "Construction Complete" cate-
gory in the progress report found later in this book.
xiv
-------
Yes, Based on the belief that "the polluters should pay," after a
site is placed on the NPL, the EPA makes a thorough effort to
identify and find those responsible for causing contamination
problems at a site. Although EPA is willing to negotiate with
these private parties and encourages voluntary cleanup, it has
the authority under the Superfund law to legally force those
potentially responsible for site hazards to take specific cleanup
actions. All work performed by these parties is closely guided
and monitored by EPA, and must meet the same standards
required for actions financed through the Superfund.
Because these enforcement actions can be lengthy, EPA may
decide to use Superfund monies to make sure a site is cleaned
up without unnecessary delay. For example, if a site presents
an imminent threat to public health and the environment, or if
conditions at a site may worsen, it could be necessary to start
the cleanup right away. Those responsible for causing site
contamination are liable under the law for repaying the money
EPA spends in cleaning up the site.
Whenever possible, EPA and the Department of Justice use
their legal enforcement authorities to require responsible
parties to pay for site cleanups, thereby preserving the Super-
fund for emergency actions and sites where no responsible
parties can be identified.
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XV
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XVI
-------
5 he Site Fact Sheets
fr" presented in this book
are comprehensive
summaries that cover a broad
range of information. The
fact sheets describe hazard-
ous waste sites on the Na-
tional Priorities List (NPL)
and their locations, as well as
the conditions leading to their
listing ("Site Description").
They list the types of con-
taminants that have been dis-
covered and related threats to
public and ecological health
("Threats and Contami-
nants"). "Cleanup Ap-
proach" presents an overview
of the cleanup activities
completed, underway, or
planned. The fact sheets
conclude with a brief synop-
sis of how much progress has
been made on protecting
public health and the envi-
ronment. The summaries also
pinpoint other actions, such
as legal efforts to involve pol-
luters responsible for site
contamination and commu-
nity concerns.
The following two pages
show a generic fact sheet and
briefly describes the informa-
tion under each section. The
square "icons" or symbols ac-
companying the text allow
the reader to see at a glance
which environmental re-
sources are affected and the
status of cleanup activities.
Icons in the Threats
and Contaminants
Section
Contaminated
Groundwater re-
sources in the vicinity
or underlying the site.
(Groundwater is often used
as a drinking water source.)
Contaminated Sur-
face Water and
Sediments on or near
the site. (These include lakes,
ponds, streams, and rivers.)
Contaminated Air in
the vicinity of the
site. (Pollution is
usually periodic and involves
contaminated dust particles
or hazardous gas emissions.)
Contaminated Soil
and Sludges on or
near the site.
Threatened or
contaminated Envi-
ronmentally Sensi-
tive Areas in the vicinity of
the site. (Examples include
wetlands and coastal areas,
critical habitats.)
Icons in the Response
Action Status Section
Actions
have been taken or
are underway to
eliminate immediate threats
Site Studies at the
site are planned or
underway.
Remedy Selected
indicates that site
investigations have
been concluded
and EPA has se-
lected a final cleanup remedy
for the site or part of the site.
Remedy Design
means that engi-
neers are prepar-
ing specifications
and drawings for the selected
cleanup technologies.
Cleanup Ongoing
indicates that the
selected cleanup
remedies for the
contaminated site - or part
of the site are currently
underway.
Cleanup Complete
shows that all
cleanup goals have
been achieved for
the contaminated site or part
of the site.
xvn
-------
Site Responsibility
Identifies the Federal, State,
and/or potentially responsible
parties that are taking
responsibility for cleanup
actions at the site.
NPL Listing
History
Dates when the site
was Proposed,
made Final, and
Deleted from the
NPL
SITE NAME
STATE
EPA ID# ABCOOOOOOOO
EPA REGION
CONGRESSIONAL DIST
. County Name
Location
Site Description
" NPLUST1HG DISTORT
VX'WtX'tiX'Stf&iSiiiS&XS
. X-ffSffffffffffff
1
-Threats and Contaminants-
.«».-sv-v - - v
Cleanup Approach
Reaponse Action Statue
Site Facts: *» .
Environmental Progress
Environmental Progress
A summary of the actions to reduce the threats to nearby residents and
the surrounding environment; progress towards cleaning up the site
and goals of the cleanup plan are given here.
XVlll
-------
WHAT THE FACT SHEETS CONTAIN
Site Description
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes
descriptions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have
contributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
Throughout the site description and other sections of the site summary, technical
or unfamiliar terms that are italicized are presented in the glossary at the end of
the book. Please refer to the glossary for more detailed explanation or definition
of the terms.
Threats and Contaminants
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air, groundwater, surface water, soil and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding
environments arising from the site contamination are also described. Specific
contaminants and contaminant groupings are italicized and explained in more
detail in the glossary.
Cleanup Approach
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
Response Action Status
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean up
the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided into
separate phases depending on the complexity and required actions at the site.
Two major types of cleanup activities are often described: initial, immediate or
emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent threats to the
community and surrounding areas; and long-term remedial phases directed at
final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy is presented in this
section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of the cleanup process
(initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the cleanup remedy,
engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway and completed cleanup)
are located in the margin next to each activity description.
s-V
Site Facts
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by EPA to achieve
site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with the site
cleanup process are reported here.
XIX
-------
The fact sheets are arranged
in alphabetical order by site
name. Because site cleanup is
a dynamic and gradual
process, all site information is
accurate as of the date shown
on the bottom of each page.
Progress is always being
made at NPL sites, and EPA
will periodically update the
Site Fact Sheets to reflect
recent actions and publish
updated State volumes.
HOW CAN YOU USE
THIS STATE BOOK?
You can use this book to keep
informed about the sites that
concern you, particularly
ones close to home. EPA is
committed to involving the
public in the decisionmaking
process associated with
hazardous waste cleanup.
The Agency solicits input ,
from area residents in com-
munities affected by Super-
fund sites. Citizens are likely
to be affected not only by
hazardous site conditions, but
also by the remedies that
combat them. Site cleanups
take many forms and can
affect communities in differ-
ent ways. Local traffic may
be rerouted, residents may be
relocated, temporary water
supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a
site can help citizens sift
through alternatives and
make decisions. To make
good choices, you must know
what the threats are and how
EPA intends to clean up the
site. You must understand
the cleanup alternatives being
proposed for site cleanup and
how residents may be af-
fected by each one. YOU also
need to have some idea of
how your community intends
to use the site in the future
and to know whkt the com-
munity can realistically
expect once the cleanup is
Complete.
EPA wants to develop . .
cleanup methods that meet,
community neecls, but the
Agency can only take local
concerns into account if it
understands wh£t they are.
Information mu$t travel both
ways in order foir cleanups to
be effective and satisfactory.
Please take this opportunity
to learn more, become in-
volved, and assure that
hazardous wast6 cleanup at
"your" site considers your
community's concerns.
xx
-------
NPL Sites
State of Calif or ri
California is located on:the western Pacific Ocean coast of the continental United
States and is bordered by Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares a common bor-
der with Oregon to the north. The State covers 156,299 square miles including a long
mountainous coastline/central valley desert basins in the southern interior, the Sierra
Nevada mountains to the east, and rugged mountain ranges in the north. The State ex-
perienced a 19.6 percetnt increas^ jn populatidri duririg the 1980s and is currently the
most populous state in the'U.S5. with^approximately 28,314,000 residents. Principal
State industries include agriculture, manufacturing^ services, trade and commercial
fishing. California manufactured goods include food, primary and fabricated metals,
machinery, electric and electronic equipment and transportation equipment.
How Many California Sites
Are on the NPL?
Proposed 13
Final 75
Deleted Q
88
Where Are the NPL Sites Located?
Cong. District 06, 20, 22, 27, 29, 33, 39
Cong. District 04, 07, 10, 34, 37, 40
Cong. District 02, 09, 14, 18, 24, 30
Cong. District 03, 16, 17, 36
Cong. District 01, 13
' Cong. District 15
Cong. District 12 .
How are Sites Contaminated and What are the Principal* Chemicals ?
1 site
2 sites
3 sites
4 sites
6 sites
8 sites
15 sites
80+
60--
40..
20--
GW Soil& SW Air Seds
Solid
Waste
Contamination Area
Groundwater: Volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals
(inorganics).
Soil and Solid Waste: Volatile organic
compounds {VOCs), heavy metals
(inorganics), pesticides, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), and creosotes
(organics).
Surface Water and Sediments: Vola-
tile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy
metals (inorganics), creosotes (organ-
ics), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
pesticides, and asbestos.
Air: Volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), asbestos, gases, and creosotes
(organics).
"Appear at 12% or more sites
State Overview
XXI
continued
-------
Where are the Sites in the Superfund Cleanup Process*?
Site
Studies
Remedy ,
Selected !
Remedy
* Design
Cleanup
Ongoing
Construction
'' Complete
Initial actions have been taken at 62 sites as interim cleanup measures.
Who Do I Call with Questions?
The following pages describe each NPL site in California, providing specific information
on threats and contaminants, cleanup activities, and environmental progress. Should
you have questions, please call one of the offices listed below: . i
California Superfund Office
EPA Region IX Superfund Office
EPA Region IX Public Relations Office
EPA Superfund Hotline
EPA Public Information Office
(916)324-2443
(415)744-1519
(415)744-1764
(800) 424-9346
(202) 477-7751
"Cleanup status reflects phase of site activities rather than administrative accomplishments.
XXII
-------
The JVPL Progress Report
The following Progress Report lists the State sites currently on or deleted from the NPL,
and briefly summarizes the status of activities for each site at the time this report was
prepared. The steps in the Superfund cleanup process are arrayed across the top of the
chart, and each site's progress through these steps is represented by an arrow H-) which
indicates the current stage of cleanup at the site.
Large and complex sites are often organized into several cleanup stages. For example,
separate cleanup efforts may be required to address the source of the contamination,
hazardous substances in the groundwater, and surface water pollution, or to clean up
different areas of a large site. In such cases, the chart portrays cleanup progress at the
site's most advanced stage, reflecting the status of site activities rather than administrative
accomplishments.
*- An arrow in the "Initial Response" category indicates that an emergency cleanup or
initial action has been completed or is currently underway. Emergency or initial actions
are taken as an interim measure to provide immediete relief from exposure to
hazardous site conditions or to stabilize a site to prevent further contamination.
*- An arrow in the "Site Studies" category indicates that an investigation to determine the
nature and extent of the contamination at the site is currently ongoing or planned to
begin in 1991.
» An arrow in the "Remedy Selection" category means that the EPA has selected the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site contamination, or that any remaining
contamination will be naturally dispersed without further cleanup activities, a "No
Action" remedy is selected. In these cases, the arrows in the Progress Report are
discontinued at the "Remedy Selection" step and resume in the final "Construction
Complete" category.
fr- An arrow at the "Remedial Design" stage indicates that engineers are currently
designing the technical specifications for the selected cleanup remedies and
technologies.
* An arrow marking the "Cleanup Ongoing" category means that final cleanup actions
have been started at the'site and are currently underway.
*- A arrow in the "Construction Complete" category is used only when all phases of the
site cleanup plan have been performed and the EPA has determined that no additional
construction actions are required at the site. Some sites in this category may currently
be undergoing long-term pumping and treating of groundwater, operation and
maintenance or monitoring to ensure that the completed cleanup actions continue to
protect human health and the environment.
The sites are listed in alphabetical order. Further information on the activities and progress
at each site is given in the site "Fact Sheets" published in this volume.
xxm
-------
Page
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
,15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
^AVUwF AVmU-AVt V/A^sUJJLUlS Clb
Site Name
ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.
ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES (BLDG.3915
AEROJET GENERAL CORP.
APPLIED MATERIALS
ATLAS ASBESTOS MINE
BARSTOW MARINE CORPS LOGISTICS
BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS
BROWN & BRYANT, INC. (ARVIN PLANT)
CAMP PENDLETON MARINE CORPS BASE
CASTLE AIR FORCE BASE
CELTOR CHEMICAL WORKS
COALINGA ASBESTOS MINE
COAST WOOD PRESERVING
CRAZY HORSE SANITARY LANDFILL
CTS PRINTEX, INC.
DEL NORTE PESTICIDE STORAGE
FDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE
EL TORO MARINE CORPS AIR STATION
FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR(SAN JOSE)
ilX JL/ V?JLl.V^j3 *
County
SANTA CLARA
) SANTA CLARA
SACRAMENTO
SANTA CLARA
FRESNO
SAN BERNARDIN
TULARE
KERN
i SAN DIEGO
MERCED
HUMBOLDT
FRESNO
MENDOCINO
MONTEREY
SANTACLARA
DEL NORTE
-KERN
ORANGE
SANTACLARA
JU. tUI
NPL
Final
Prop.
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Prop.
Final
Final
Final
Final
U VJIULV* WJ. V^CUUULUJLUJUa.
Initial Site Remedy Remedy Cleanup Construction
Date Response Studies Selected Design Ongoing Complete
06/01/86 "K *-
06/24/88 *- *-
09/01/83 «*- *-
07/22/87 * +
09/01/84 "K "K ^- +
11/21/89 "^ "*
06/01/86 *-*'*
10/04/89 "* «^- "
11/21/89 ' ' *-
07/22/87 *- *-
09/01/83 >- ^ ^ *- ^ ^
09/01/84 "* *- ^ *
09/01/83 *-- "^ "^ ^- .
06/24/88 "^ "!>
02/22/90 *- - "^ ' . '
09/01/84 *- "NK ^- "^ B^-
07/14/89 "^ "^
02/22/90 ^
10/04/89 ^" "^ K;-"" ^-: «K
xxiv
-------
Page Site Name
County :
Initial Site Remedy Remedy Cleanup Construction
NPL Date Response Studies Selected Design Ongoing Complete
39 FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR (MNT.)
41 FIRESTONE Tl RE (SALINAS PLANT)
43 FORTORD
45- FRESNO SANITARY LANDFILL
47 GEORGE AIR FORCE BASE
49 HEWLETT PACKARD (620-640 PAGE MILD
51 HEXCELCORP.
53 INDUSTRIAL WASTE PROCESSING
55 INTEL CORP. (MOUNTAIN VIEW^LANT)
57 INTEL CORP. (SANTA CLARA III)
59 INTEL MAGNETICS
61 INTERSIL, INC./SIEMENS COMPONENTS
'" ' ' ' '' -
63 IRON MOUNTAIN MINE
65 J. H. BAXTER & CO.
67 JASCO CHEMICAL CORP.
69 JIBBOOM JUNKYARD
71 KOPPERS CO., INC. (OROVILLE PLANT)
73 ' LAWRENCE LIVERMORE LAB (USDOE)
75 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LAB
SANTA CLARA Prop. 10/15/84
MONTEREY Final 07/22/87
MONTEREY . Final 01/01/90
FRESNO Final 10/04/89
SANBERNARDIN Final 02/21/90
SANTA CLARA Final 02/01/90
ALAMEDA Prop. 06/24/88
FRESNO Prop. 10/26/89
SANTA CLARA Final 06/01/86
SANTA CLARA Final 06/01/86
SANTA CLARA Final 06/01/86
SANTA CLARA Prop. 06/24/88
SHASTA Final 09/01/83
. is-
SISKIYOU Final 10/04/89
SANTA CLARA Final 10/04/89
SACRAMENTO Final 09/01/83
BUTTE ,. Final 09/01/84
ALAMEDA Final 07/22/87
SANJONQUIN Prop. 07/14/89
-------
Page Site Name
County
NPL Date
Initial Site Remedy Remedy Cleanup Construction
Response Studies Selected Design Ongoing Complete
77 LIQUID GOLD OIL CORP.
79 LORENTZ BARREL & DRUM CO.
81 LOUISIANA-PACIFIC CORPORATION
83 MARCH AIR FORCE BASE
85 MATHER AIR FORCE BASE
87 MCCLELLAN Al R FORCE BASE
89 MCCOLL
91 MGM BRAKES
93 MODESTO GW CONTAMINATION
95 MOFFETT NAVAL AIR STATION
97 MONOLITHIC MEMORIES
99 MONTROSE CHEMICAL CORP.
101 NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
103 NEWMARK-GW CONTAMINATION
105 NORTON AIR FORCE BASE
107 OPERATING INDUSTRIES, INC. LANDFILL
110 PACIFIC COAST PIPE LINES
112 PURITY OIL SALES, INC.
115 RAYTHEON CORP.
CONTRA COSTA Final
SANTA CLARA
BUTTE
RIVERSIDE
SACRAMENTO
SACRAMENTO
ORANGE
SONOMA
STANISLAUS
SANTA CLARA
SANTA CLARA
LOS ANGELES
SANTA CLARA
SANBERNARDIN Final
SANBERNARDIN Final
LOS ANGELES
VENTURA
FRESNO
SANTA CLARA
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
09/01/83 «*" *
10/04/89 * >-
06/01/86 *-
11/21/89 *- *
11/21/89 * "*
07/22/87 *- *
09/01/83 4- *-
09/01/83 *
03/31/89 *-
07/22/87 * «*
07/22/87 * *
10/04/89 4- "*
07/22/87 "^ 4-
03/31/89 *-
07/22/87 *" "^
06/01/86 4- "*-
10/04/89 *" *-
09/01/83 "^ >
06/01/86 *
xxvi
-------
Page * Site Name
County
Initial Site Remedy Remedy Cleanup Construction
NPL Date Response Studies Selected Design Ongoing Complete
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
132
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
154
156
RIVERBANK ARMY AMMUNITION PLT
SACRAMENTO ARMY DEPOT
SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 1 )
SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 2)
SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 3)
SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 4)
SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 1 )
SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 2)
SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 3)
SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 4)
SELMA TREATING COMPANY
SHARPE ARMY DEPOT
SOLA OPTICAL USA, INC.
SOUTH BAY ASBESTOS AREA
SOUTHERN CAL EDISION CO. (VISALIA)
SPECTRA-PHYSICS, INC.
STRINGFELLOW
SULPHUR BANK MERCURY MINE
SYNERTEK, INC.(BLDG#1)
STANISLAUS
SACRAMENTO
LOS ANGELES
LOS ANGELES
LOS ANGELES
LOS ANGELES
LOS ANGELES
LOS ANGELES
LOS ANGELES
LOS ANGELES .
FRESNO
SAN JOAQUIN
SONOMA
SANTA CLARA
TULARE
SANTA CLARA
RIVERSIDE
LAKE
SANTA CLARA
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Prop.
Final
Prop.
Final
02/21/90 *- * '
07/22/87 * * * +
06/01/86 *- * + +
06/01/86 «^
06/01/86 '*.''
06/01/86 +
09/01/84 * *- '* ^ *-
09/01/84 - +~ + *
09/01/84 *-
09/01/84 * ^ +
09/01/83 "^ +> "K ,^-
07/22/87 *- *-
02/15/90 ^
06/01/86 **- *- ^- "^ «^
03^31/89 ^ ^
06/24/88 * *^
09/01/83 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
06/24/88 *
10/04/89 "^ *-
XXVII
-------
Page Site Name
County
NFL Date
Initial Site Remedy Remedy Cleanup Construction
Response Studies Selected Design Ongoing Complete
158 T. H. AGRICULTURE AND NUTRITION CO.
160 TELEDYNE SEMICONDUCTOR
162 TRACY DEFENSE DEPOT
164 TRAVIS AIR FORCE BASE
166 TREASURE ISLAND NAVAL STATION
168 TRW MICROWAVE, INC. (BLDG 825)
170 UNITED HECKATHORN CO.
172 VALLEY WOOD PRESERVING, INC.
174 WASTE DISPOSAL, INC.
176 WATKINS-JOH NSON CO. (STEWART DIV)
178 WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO.
180 WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP.
FRESNO Final
SANTA CLARA Final
SANJOAQUIN Prop.
SOLANO Final
SAN FRANCISCO Final
SANTA CLARA Final
CONTRA COSTA Final
STANISLAUS . Final
LOS ANGELES Final
SANTA CRUZ Prop.
BUTTE Prop.
SANTA CLARA Final
06/01/86
07/22/87
07/14/89
11/21/89
11/21/89
02/22/90
03/14/90
03/31/89
07/22/87
01/22/87
10/26/89
06/01/86
*-
4~
*
*
*
4-
**
*-
+
*
+
*
^
-^
»"
^>
*-
K
K
^
XXVIII
-------
-------
-------
ADVANCED
DEVICES, IN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD048634059
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County-
Sunnyvale
Aliases:
AMD 901/902
AMD - Thompson Place
The Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) site covers 6 acres in Sunnyvale where the
company manufactures electronic equipment. Contamination of the groundwater has
resulted from localized spills and leaking underground storage tanks and piping. Three
other NPL sites have contributed to the contaminated groundwater plume: Advanced
Micro Devices, Inc. (Building 915); Signetics, Inc.; and TRW Microwave, Inc. Signetics,
Inc. has been removed from the NPL list but is still required to participate in the cleanup
under Regional Water Quality Control Board orders. (For additional information, please
see the separate listings for each of these sites). In 1982, the company removed an
acid neutralization tank from a location near the AMD 901 facility. In 1983, another tank
was removed from AMD 902 facility. AMD 901/902 has a groundwater extraction
system that treats groundwater by air stripping. The treated water is reused as
industrial process water. Groundwater is extracted from 18 off-site wells installed as
part of the cleanup activities for the NPL sites in the area and is treated by the air
stripping tower, followed by carbon adsorption at the Advanced Micro Devices (Building
915) site, located about 1/2 mile away. About 20% of the treated water is discharged
to a storm drain, which empties into Calabasas Creek. The remainder is used as
process water by the Building 915 facility. Approximately 50,000 people live within 3
miles of the site, and about 300,000 people depend on nearby municipal groundwater
wells as a source of drinking water. The closest residence is 1/2 mile away. No private
wells are used in the vicinity of the facility. The municipal wells, located about 1/2 mile
from the site, do not show signs of contamination.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
II
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as
trichloroethylene (TCE) and freon. Soils are also contaminated with VOCs.
People who touch or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or soil
may be at risk.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
1
continued
-------
ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The AMD facility is continuing to participate with
Signetics and TRW in extracting and treating contaminated groundwater,
as required by the Regional Water Control Board orders.
Entire Site: Under supervision of the State, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
is conducting an investigation to determine the type and extent of
contamination on the site. Once the investigation is completed in 1991,
the final cleanup remedies will be recommended. ,
Site Facts: In 1984, the State issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order requiring
Advanced Micro Devices, Signetics, and TRW Microwave to develop a joint plan to
prevent further migration of contaminants. A new order was issued in April 1989
requiring an investigation with the neighboring TRW and Signetics sites. This order did
not include AMD Building 915, which is an adjacent but separate NPL site. ;
Environmental Progress
The groundwater treatment system is helping to keep the contaminant levejs within
acceptable limits and preventing the further spread of contaminants while final cleanup
solutions are being planned for the Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. site.
-------
ADVANCED MICR
DEVICES, INC.
(BUILDING 915)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAT080034234
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST.,13
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Alias:
AMD 915 Degulne
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (Building 915) manufactures semiconductor and
microprocessor devices on this 5 1/2-acre site. Building 915 was constructed on
former agricultural land in 1973. At that time, three underground acid neutralization
tanks were installed north of the building. The building's operations also involved
underground tanks for storage of waste organic solvents. In 1981, the company
identified volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in wells near the building. High levels of
solvents are present in the on-site soils and resulted from leaking tanks and spills
during the handling of solvents. Three other NPL sites have contributed to the
contaminated groundwater plume: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.; Signetics, Inc.; and
TRW Microwave, Inc. Signetics, Inc. has been removed from the NPL but is required
to participate in the cleanup process under Regional Water Quality Control Board
Orders. (For additional information, please see the separate listings for each of these
sites). The closest homes are 400 feet north of the site. Contamination from the site
has the potential to reach the deep groundwater that supplies municipal wells within 3
miles of the site. These wells provide drinking water to approximately 200,000 people
in Santa Clara, Sunnyvale, and Mountain View.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains various VOCs. The majority of the soil, which was
contaminated with organic solvents, has been removed. If the
contaminant plume migrates to the municipal wells, people who touch or
drink the water may be at risk.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
3
continued
-------
ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC. (BUILDING 915)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, the company removed approximately 5,600
cubic yards of contaminated soil and a 3-tank underground acid
neutralization system with a combined capacity of 4,700 gallons. The soil
was transported to a federally approved hazardous waste facility. One of the tanks was
found to have a hole in its side. Five additional underground storage tanks were
removed between 1982 and 1983. Between 1982 and 1983, five groundwater
extraction wells and pumps were installed to stop the migration of contaminants off
site. Seven more wells were installed between 1983 and 1985 to provide an additional
hydraulic barrier to trap the contaminant plume migrating off site. Water from these
wells is treated by an air stripper and carbon adsorption to remove VOCs. In addition,
groundwater extracted from 18 other off-site wells, installed as part of the cleanup
activities for the other NPL sites in the area, is treated by the air stripping tower and
carbon adsorption at this site.
Entire Site: In 1989, Advanced Micro Devices began an investigation,
under State monitoring, to determine the type and extent of contamination
at the site. Once the investigation is completed in 1991, measures will be
recommended for cleanup of the remaining site contamination. In the meantime,
Advanced Micro Devices will continue to operate the groundwater extraction and
treatment system as required by the Regional Water Quality Control Board.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils, tanks, and the ongoing treatment of contaminated
groundwater have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at
the Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (Building 915) site and will continue to protect
residents near the site until final cleanup activities are completed.
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AEROJET GE
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980358832
Site Description
\ REGION 9
^ CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Sacramento County
Rancho Cordova
The Aerojet General Corp. site covers 8,500 acres near Rancho Cordova, 15 miles east
of Sacramento. Since 1953, Aerojet and its subsidiaries have manufactured liquid and
solid propellant rocket engines for military and commercial applications and have
formulated a number of chemicals, including rocket propellant agents, agricultural,
pharmaceutical, and other industrial chemicals. In addition, the Cordova Chemical
Company operated a chemical manufacturing facility on the Aerojet complex from 1973
to 1979. Both companies disposed of unknown quantities of hazardous waste
chemicals, including trichloroethylene (TCE) and other chemicals associated with rocket
propellents, as well as various chemical processing wastes. Wastes were disposed of
on the site in surface impoundments, landfills, deep injection wells, leachate fields, and
directly on the ground and burned. Underlying the site are extensive 50-foot-deep gold
dredge tailings, a remnant of past mining operations. The communities potentially
affected by this site are Rancho Cordova, population 43,000; Carmichael, population
43,000; and Sacramento, population 309,000. The closest residence is about 500 feet
away from the site. Groundwater is used extensively throughout the Rancho Cordova
area to supply municipal, domestic, and industrial water. About 16 public and private
drinking water supply wells have been contaminated. Some of these wells have been
closed while Aerojet is providing wellhead treatment to others. Aerojet continues to
monitor drinking water supplies to assure compliance with drinking water standards.
The northeastern edge of the site is about 1/2 mile from the American River. Lake
Natoma and Alder Creek are nearby and are used for recreational activities. The river is
used for public water supplies.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
a combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties'
actions.
IMPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and surface water contain volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) such as TCE, perchloroethylene (PCE), chloroform, and freon-113.
Soils are contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals including antimony,
arsenic, cadmium, and zinc. People who touch or drink contaminated
groundwater may be at risk. Seeps of organic solvents have been found
on the banks of the American River. These could pose a hazard to people
who use the river for recreational purposes.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
5
continued
-------
AEROJET GENERAL CORP.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial
phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: Between 1983 and 1986, six groundwater extraction and
treatment (GET) facilities were installed as a barrier system to prevent
further movement of contaminants off site. The GETs are a series of
injection and extraction wells and a groundwater treatment system built to Intercept
groundwater as it moves off the facility boundary. Studies are ongoing to improve the
effectiveness of the GETs and to incorporate them into a final remedy at the site.
Entire Site: Under monitoring by the EPA, the State Department of
Health Services, and the Regional Water Quality Control Board, Aerojet .
began investigating the nature and extent of groundwater contamination at
Based on the results of this investigation, due for completion in 1994, final
the site.
measures for groundwater cleanup will be selected.
Environmental Progress
The interim groundwater treatment system currently in operation at the Aerojet General
facility is reducing contaminant levels and is preventing the further spread of the
contaminant plume while investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup..-,
remedies are taking place.
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APPLIED MATERIA
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD042728840
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Santa Glara County
Santa Clara
Applied Materials manufactures deposition equipment used in the semiconductor
industry on this 9-acre site in Santa Clara. Monitoring wells on the site indicate the
presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Contamination is believed to have
resulted from leaking pipes leading to underground tanks associated with an acid
neutralization system. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San Francisco.
Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated
organic solvents, which have contaminated a common groundwater basin. Although
the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to combine cleanup
activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the contamination.
The area surrounding the site is used mostly for light industrial, commercial, and
residential purposes. The population of the City of Santa Clara is about 90,000 people.
Approximately 300,000 people depend on groundwater as a source of drinking water
within 3 miles of the site. , . ." .
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
a combination of Federal, State* and
potentially responsible parties'
actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
. Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils contain VOCs such as trichloroethylene (TCE). The
contaminants in the groundwater could pose a threat to human health if
the groundwater is used as a source of drinking water in the future.
Presently, there does not appear to be any threats associated with
exposure to these contaminants, because area drinking water wells have
not been affected by the contaminant plume.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES
7
continued
-------
APPLIED MATERIALS
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1984, Applied Materials installed a system to pump and
treat contaminated groundwater. The system consists of three extraction
wells, an extraction pit, and a dual-column air stripper. In 1985,
underground storage tanks and some of the surrounding soil were excavated, and an
excavation pit was constructed. In addition, a downgradient extraction well and second
deep monitoring well were installed to determine the extent of contaminant migration.
The treated groundwater is discharged to a storm drain system, which flows into San
Tomas Aquinas Creek and South San Francisco Bay.
Entire site: Under supervision by the State, Applied Materials is
investigating the extent of groundwater and soil contamination at the site.
Once this investigation is completed in 1991, final cleanup measures will
be selected.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater treatment system currently in operation at the Applied Materials site
is reducing contaminant levels and preventing the further spread of the contaminant
plume while investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking
place. !
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ATLAS ASBES
MINE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980496863
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Fresno County
18 miles northwest of Coalinga
Aliases:
Arroyo Pasejaro
Hollister Resource/Bureau of Land Management
The Atlas Asbestos Mine site covers 435 acres near Coalinga. The mine operated from
1963 until 1979 and consists of the asbestos mine, a processing mill, support buildings,
and extensive asbestos mine tailings. During operation, some milling and mining
products from Atlas and the Coalinga Asbestos Mine were transported to the City of
Coalinga. In addition, the Coalinga Asbestos Mine, also listed on the NPL, located
about 3 miles away, deposited its milling and mining products in Coalinga. (For
additional information, please see the separate listing for Coalinga Asbestos Mine). The
107-acre area in the City of Coalinga was operated as an asbestos milling,
manufacturing, storage, and transportation center. It consists of four distinct areas:
the warehouse, which was once a mining waste distribution center and now houses
1,600 cubic yards of mining waste; a storage yard containing asbestos-contaminated
stacked pipes; a shipping yard used as an asbestos distribution center by the Atlas
Asbestos Company; and the U.S. Asbestos Company, which currently stores piles of
asbestos-contaminated mining waste. The Atlas facility drains directly into White
Creek, which drains into Los Gatos Creek, a tributary of the Arroyo Pasejaro,,a flood
area along the California Aqueduct. A detention basin was built in the floodplain to
store water during heavy runoff and to allow the asbestos-laden sedimentto settle.
Sediments carried by floodwaters have silted up the detention basin and diminished its
storage capacity. As a result, during heavy floods the waters may be released into the
canal through four drain inlets, and asbestos can be carried into the aqueduct. Elevated
levels of asbestos have been found in the aqueduct. However, most of the
downstream users of the aqueduct water are protected by filtration and settling pond
systems which trap most of the asbestos fibers. The area surrounding the Atlas site is
primarily rural. The land is used for ranching, farming, and recreational activities such as
hunting, hiking, camping, and off-road vehicles. About 10 ranchers live within 5 miles
of the site. The closest community is Coalinga, about 18 miles away, with a population
of approximately 8,000 people.
site Responsibility: This sjte js being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
9
continued
-------
ATLAS ASBESTOS MINE
Threats and Contaminants
Air, sediments, soils, and surface water are contaminated with asbestos.
People who touch, accidentally ingest, or inhale contaminated surface
water, sediments, soil, or air may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the
surface asbestos/mine tailings and the contamination in the City of Coalinga.
Response Action Status
Surface Asbestos/Mine Tailings: The EPA investigated the surface
asbestos at the mine, the mine tailings, the ore stockpiles, and the mill.
The investigation report will be released for public comment in April 1990.
The proposed remedies are engineering and site access controls to reduce the release
of asbestos into local drainage. The remedy is scheduled to be selected in late 1990.
City of Coalinga Contaminated Area: In 1989, the EPA selected a
remedy to clean up the 107 acres of contamination in the City of Coalinga,
resulting from the Atlas and Coalinga asbestos mines. The remedy
includes: (1) excavating and consolidating approximately 20,000 cubic
yards of asbestos, chromium, and nickel-contaminated soil and building debris; (2)
constructing an underground waste management unit (WMU) to contain and dispose of
contaminated soil and waste on site; (3) covering the WMU area with an impermeable
cap; (4) regrading the excavated area; (5) decontaminating the debris; (6) monitoring the
soil, groundwater, and air; and (7) implementing deed restrictions on the use of the
land. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination began cleanup activities
under EPA monitoring in February 1990.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup of the contaminated area in the City of Coalinga is currently under way.
The EPA has determined that no other immediate actions are needed at the Atlas
Asbestos site while investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies for
the surface asbestos and mine tailings areas are taking place.
A
10
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BARSTOW
CORPS
BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA8170024261
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 37
San Bernardino County
Barstow
Aliases:
Marine Corps Logistics Base - Nebo
Barstow USMC Logistics Base - Nebo
Site Description
The Barstow Marine Corps Logistics Base site covers 5,687 acres east of Barstow.
The site consists of three areas: Nebo area, Yermo area, and the Rifle Range. The
base was established at the Nebo location in 1942, when the U.S. Navy transferred
command to the U.S. Marine Corps. In 1946, the Yermo area was annexed by the
Marines from the U.S. Army. The Rifle Range was acquired in 1955 and developed as
a facility for the Marines to improve their marksmanship skills. The Barstow base has
two major functions: providing equipment maintenance, repair, overhaul and
rebuilding; and receiving/storing, maintaining, issuing, and shipping materials.
Consequently, the majority of wastes historically generated by the base have been
vehicle-related and war surplus. Vehicle-related wastes include waste oils, grease,
hydraulic fluids, fuels, battery acids, bilge waters and antifreeze. Industrial wastes are
generated by the Repair Division while maintaining, rebuilding, or preserving the
vehicles. These include painting, degreasing, metal parts cleaning, and preservation
wastes. Some hazardous or suspected hazardous wastes were contained in war
surplus materials received at the base, including ammunition, various sources of low-
level radiation (luminescent dials, watches, and scopes), and chemicals such as
pesticides, herbicides, and raw materials. Investigations by the Marine Corps have
found 38 areas of contamination on the base. Approximately 29,000 people live in the
City of Barstow. About 1,300 people use on-site groundwater as a drinking water
source. Groundwater is the only source for domestic, commercial, and industrial water
supply, as well as crop irrigation. The base is located in the central Mojave Desert.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as
trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). Soil is contaminated
with pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals, and polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs). People who touch or accidentally ingest the contaminated
groundwater or soil may suffer adverse health effects.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
11
continued
-------
BARSTOW MARINE CORPS LOGISTICS BASE
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term
remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: An alternative drinking water supply has been
provided for personnel on the base. One drinking water well is being
treated.
Entire Site: The Marine Corps is conducting an extensive inve$tigation of
the entire base to determine the total extent and nature of contamination.
At its completion, recommendations for cleanup remedies will be made.
Groundwater: The Marine Corps is conducting an investigation to
determine the extent of the groundwater contamination throughout the
base.
Site Facts: The base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP), a
program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to address
hazardous waste cleanups at military and other DOD installations.
Environmental Progress
By providing an alternate drinking water supply to base personnel, the potential for
exposure to contaminants in the groundwater has been greatly reduced while
investigations and final cleanup activities are being planned for the Barstow1 Marine
Corps. Logistics Base site.
12
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BECKMAN
INSTRUMEN
(PORTERVILLU
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD048645444
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 17
Tulare County
Porterville
Site Description
The Beckman Instruments {Porterville Plant) site covers 900 acres near Porterville. The
plant itself occupies 12 acres. The company has manufactured printed circuit boards
and electronic instruments parts at the facility since 1968. Wastes generated from
these operations included solvents, acid solutions, and heavy metals. From 1974 until
1983, these wastes were disposed of in an evaporation pond on site. This pond is the
most likely source of groundwater contamination in the area surrounding the Beckman
facility. In addition to the pond, three other areas where wastes were dumped include
the. former etchant tank area, the ammonium persulfate and copper waste discharge
area (known as the soil, stain area), and the depression area. Liquids from the pond
were first detected in 1978 in a leak detection sump underlying the pond. Subsequent
groundwater monitoring indicated the presence of elevated levels of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. Numerous residences are located near the site.
In addition, Porterville College is just east of the site, and downtown Porterville is about
2,000 feet north of the site. A municipal water supply well is located about 500 feet
northwest of the facility. Approximately 475 people live within 1 mile of the plant and
are affected by the contaminated groundwater.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains VOCs such as trichloroethylene (TCE), and Freon-
113. Lead is contaminating the soil. People who touch or accidentally
ingest contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
13
continued
-------
BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS (FORTERVILLE PLANT)
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the pond liquids, liners, and surface soils
were removed and disposed of in a federally approved facility. Beckman
installed groundwater monitoring wells and provided alternate water
supplies to about 300 residences affected by the contamination. Between 1983 and
1985, the company connected over 150 of the affected residences to the Porterville
municipal water supply system. In 1985, Beckman installed a groundwater pump and
treat system to stop the westward spread of contaminants in the upper aquifer and to
begin cleaning the groundwater. This helped to slow and eventually halt the migration
of the contaminant plume. In 1987, an eastern confa/nmenf/reclamation well field was
installed. Groundwater from this area is pumped to an on-site air stripping tower. The
treated groundwater from both systems is used for local irrigation or diverted to
percolation basins east of the facility and near the Tule River. As of January 1990,
groundwater cleanup standards have been achieved in the upper aquifer.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the soils and
lower aquifer areas of the Beckman Instruments site by: (1) extracting the
contaminated groundwater; (2) treating the groundwater by air stripping to
remove the contaminants; (3) releasing the treated groundwater into the
aquifer; and (4) excavating the lead-contaminated soil and disposing of it in
a federally approved facility. In late 1990, Beckman, under EPA monitoring, will be
designing the additional technical specifications for the cleanup. Once the design
phase is completed in late 1991, cleanup activities addressing the lower aquifer will
begin.
Site Facts: In 1987, the EPA and Beckman Instruments signed a Consent Order
requiring the company to clean up the site. Negotiations for the design of technologies
and the cleanup are scheduled to begin in June 1990. :
Environmental Progress
The pump and treat system operating at the Beckman Instruments site has b'een
effective in reducing the levels of contamination in the groundwater. The soils
contaminated with lead are scheduled to be removed from the site, thereby greatly
reducing the potential for direct exposure to hazardous materials at the site. The
remedies for the remaining components of the cleanup are currently being designed.
A
14
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BROWN & BRY
INC. (ARVIN P
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD052384021
Site Description
REGION 9
RESSIONAL DIST. 17
Kern County
Arvln
The Brown & Bryant, Inc. (An/in Plant) covers about 5 acres in Arvin. The company
began operations in 1960 as a formulator of agricultural chemicals including fertilizers,
herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, and fumigants. During inspections by State
agencies, improper handling and disposal of hazardous wastes at the facility have been
documented. Accidental spills of pesticides have occurred at the site. In 1979, an
evaporation pond was constructed in the southeastern corner of the site. This pond
received pesticide rinse water and surface runoff from the site. As the result of heavy
rains, this pond has overflowed on at least two occasions. The closest public well is
about 1,700 feet south of the site. The public water system supplies drinking water to
approximately 7,800 people and irrigates about 19,600 acres of cropland. The area
surrounding the site is industrial, agricultural, and residential. The Arvin-Edison Water
District maintains six municipal groundwater wells within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Soil contains numerous pesticides including DDT and dichloropropane,
fungicides, and heavy metals. The groundwater also is contaminated with
pesticides. People who touch or accidentally ingest contaminated
groundwater or soil may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and soil and the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
15
continued
-------
BROWN & BRYANT, INC. (ARVIN PLANT)
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: In 1988, under supervision of the State, Brown & Bryant,
Inc. excavated the heavily contaminated soil under the pond and installed a
liner.
Entire Site: The EPA is scheduled to begin an investigation in late 1990 to
determine a long-term solution to the groundwater and soil contamination
problems. The investigation is expected to be completed in the fall of
1992.
Site Facts: Under orders from the State, Brown & Bryant, Inc. conducted a limited
investigation of the site and removed some of the contaminated soil. However, in
1989, the firm went out of business, leaving the EPA and the State to solve the
remaining contamination problems.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the heavily contaminated soil reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials while the EPA and the State are conducting extensive l
investigations of the Brown & Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant) site.
16
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CAMP
MARINE
BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA2170023533
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 40
San Diego County
Aliases:
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Camp Pendleton PCB Spill
Site Description
The Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base site covers 125,000 acres in San Diego
County. The base provides housing, training, logistical and administrative support for
the Fleet Marine Force units. Past disposal practices have contaminated the
groundwater and soil. In an initial investigation, the Marine Corps found nine areas of
contamination. Waste generation operations at this site include maintenance and repair
of vehicles {trucks, tanks, and aircraft); landfill operations; waste disposal areas, such as
scrap yards; and firefighting drill areas. The base contains wetlands, streams, and
rivers, which feed into the Pacific Ocean. This land is the last undeveloped area
between Los Angeles and San Diego.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), spent oils, fuels, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and
solvents. Groundwater provides drinking water to the entire installation;
therefore, people who touch or accidentally ingest contaminated
groundwater may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of
the groundwater and the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
17
continued
-------
CAMP PENDLETON MARINE CORPS BASE
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1990, the Marine Corps will begin an investigation to
determine the full extent of contamination throughout the entire site.
Once this investigation is completed in 1992, final cleanup measures will
be recommended.
Groundwater: Also in 1990, the Marine Corps will begin an investigation
of the type and extent of groundwater contamination throughout the base.
Once this investigation is completed in 1992, final cleanup measures will
be recommended for addressing the groundwater contamination.
Site Facts: The base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP), a
program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify,
investigate, and control hazardous waste at military and other DOD installations.
Environmental Progress
After listing the site on the NPL, preliminary investigations showed that no immediate
actions are required at the Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base while investigations and
cleanup activities are being planned.
18
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CASTLE
BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA3570024551
Site Description
REGIONS
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Merced County
Atwater
The Castle Air Force Base site comprises 2,777 acres and is adjacent to Atwater. This
installation originally began as an Army base in 1941 and was used as an aircrew
training facility. The Strategic Air Command assumed responsibility for the base in
1946. Since the mid-1940s, aircraft maintenance, fuel management, and fire training
activities on the base have generated wastes that consist primarily of waste fuels, oils,
solvents, and cleaners. Base activities have also generated lesser amounts of paint and
plating wastes. Until 1977, bulk wastes such as solvents, oils, fuels, and sludges were
disposed of by the Air Force in pits at landfills around the base. Some fuel wastes
were incinerated by the Air Force during fire training exercises. The Air. Force ceased to
dispose hazardous waste on site in 1977, and there is only one remaining active landfill
on the base that receives non-hazardous solid waste. Investigations are proceeding at
6 areas of contamination including landfills, discharge areas, chemical disposal pits, fire
training areas, fuel spill areas and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) spill areas. An
estimated 12,210 persons work at the base. The primary base housing area is Castle
Gardens, located immediately to the southwest of the base. Approximately 6,000
people obtain their drinking water from both municipal and private wells located near
the site.
Site Responsibility :
sfte js being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Shallow groundwater in the Main Base, North, East, and West Flightline
areas is contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and benzene. Soil in
the Main Base, East Sector and West Flightline Sectors are contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including toluene, ethylbenzene,
and xylene. Base employees and residents could be exposed to site-
related contaminants by accidentally ingesting or coming into direct
contact with contaminated soil. Because groundwater is also used by
local farmers to irrigate crops, area residents could also be exposed to
airborne concentrations of TCE.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
19
continued
-------
CASTLE AIR FORCE BASE
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term
remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site, the aquifer, the north base
sector, and the main base sector. :
Response Action Status >
Immediate Actions: The Air Force installed two deep wells in 1988 to
replace TCE-contaminated water supplies: one for the City of Atwater and
one to meet on-base needs. The Air Force also constructed a granular
activated carbon filtration system to treat TCE-contaminated groundwater in 1989.
Prior to the installation of these filters, the Air Force supplied area residents with
bottled water.
Entire Site: The study into the nature and extent of site contamination
and the most effective methods for addressing it began in 1986. The site-
wide investigation is scheduled to be completed in late 1991.
Aquifer: In 1986, an investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination of the shallow aquifer was begun. The investigation is
expected to be completed in late 1990. !
North Base Sector: The investigation to determine the nature; and extent
of contamination at the North Base Sector is under way. The investigation
is expected to be completed in 1991. '
Main Base Sector: The investigation to determine the nature jand extent
of contamination at the Main Base Sector is under way. The investigation
is scheduled to be completed in 1991.
Site Facts: Castle Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program
(IRP), the specially funded program established in 1978 under which the Department of
Defense has been identifying, evaluating, and controlling its hazardous waste sites.
Environmental Progress
The Air Force has supplied the on-base and local residents affected by groundwater
contamination with a safe drinking water supply. This action has greatly reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials in drinking water supplies while extensive
investigations into the areas of contamination at the Castle Air Force Base site are
taking place.
20
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CELTOR
CHEMICAL W
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980638860
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Humboldt County
Hoopa
Alias:
Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation
The 2-acre Celtor Chemical Works site, located in the northern Hoopa Valley Indian
Reservation, is a former ore concentrating facility that processed sulfide ore for copper,
zinc, and precious metal extraction. The Hoopa Valley Indian Tribe, the site's owner,
leased the land in 1958 to the Celtor Chemical Corporation. From 1958 until 1962,
copper, zinc; and precious metals were recovered on site from sulfide ore mined and
trucked to Celtor from the nearby Copper Bluff Mine. In 1962, Celtor Chemical
Corporation abandoned the site, and mine tailings generated from the milling operations
were left on site. These tailings, along with nonspecific releases of processed ore, are
thought to be the cause of the acidic surface water runoff and elevated metals
concentrations in the soils throughout the site. The site consists of the plant, an
adjacent pasture used for grazing livestock, a gully connecting the plant and the Trinity
River, a drainage creek that collects surface runoff and carries it into the Trinity River,
and a fishing access road that is heavily used by local residents. There are 900 people
living within 3 miles of the site. The Trinity River, which supports the only fish
resources for the Hoopa Indians, flows through the center of the reservation and near
the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Soil was contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, copper, lead,
cadmium, and zinc. Potential health threats to people included accidental
ingestion or inhalation of contaminated soil and dust generated by wind.
March 1990
NP LHAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
21
continued
-------
CELTOR CHEMICAL WORKS
Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the EPA excavated several hundred cubic
yards of visibly contaminated materials. This material included all tailings,
non-concrete structures, and a portion of the pasture adjacent to the site.
The main portion of the site was fenced, and the access road was covered with gravel.
The flow of several springs was diverted away from contaminated areas and into a
nearby creek emptying into the Trinity River.
Entire Site: From 1987 to 1989, the EPA excavated an additional 1,400
cubic yards of contaminated soils from the site and disposed of them off
site at an EPA-approved hazardous waste disposal facility. All site cleanup
activities have been completed, and the deletion process from the NPL has been
initiated.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has completed all actions for the cleanup of surface contamination at the
Celtor Chemical site. The EPA, in conjunction with the State, has determined that the
site has now met human health and environmental goals and is currently in;the process
of deleting the site from the NPL. Further monitoring will be conducted to ensure the
continued effectiveness of the remedies.
22
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CQALINGA
ASBESTOS MI
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980817217
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Fresno County
:.' 17 miles northwest of Coalinga
Aliases:
Johns-Manville Asbestos Company
Southern Pacific Land Company/Coalinga
Arroyo Pasajero Regional Asbestos Study
The Coalinga Asbestos Mine site covers 152 acres near Coalinga. The mill was:
operated by the Coalinga Asbestos Company (a joint venture between the Johns-
Manville Sales Corporation, the Kern County Land Company, and private investors) from
1962 to 1974, when the mill property reverted to the Southern Pacific Land Company
(SPLC). SPLC leased the facility to the Marrnac Resource Company for chromite
mining in 1975. All operations ceased in 1977. The site consists of partially
demolished .mill buildings and a process waste mine tailings pile that occupies about 20
acres. Two large open-pit mines are located above the mill site and were used as the
sources of,ore for the Coalinga Asbestos Company milling operations. While the mill
was operating, some milling and mining products from Coalinga and from the Atlas
Asbestos Mine, located about 3 miles away, were transported to the City of Coalinga.
Because these two mines contributed to the contamination of a 107-acre area in
Coalinga, the contamination in Coalinga also is being cleaned up. (For additional
information, please see the separate listing for Atlas Asbestos Mine). The area
surrounding the Coalinga Asbestos Mine is primarily rural. The land is used for
ranching, farming, and recreational activities such as hunting. About 10 ranchers live
within 5 miles of the site. The closest community is Coalinga, about 14 miles away.
The town has a population of approximately 8,000 people. ,
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Air, sediments, soils, and surface water contain asbestos. People who
touch, accidentally ingest or inhale contaminated surface water,
sediments, soil, or air may be at risk.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WAST ESI
23
TES
continued
-------
COALINGA ASBESTOS MINE
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the
Coalinga Asbestos Mines and the City of Coalinga contaminated area. !
Response Action Status
Coalinga Asbestos Mines: Under EPA monitoring, the parties'potentially
responsible for contamination at the Coalinga Asbestos Mines investigated
the type and extent of contamination. The investigative report was released
for public comment, and the final cleanup remedy is expected to be
selected in early 1991.
City of Coalinga Contaminated Area: In 1989, the EPA selected a
remedy to clean up the 107 acres of contamination in the City of Coalinga,
which resulted from the Atlas and Coalinga asbestos mines. The remedy
includes: (1) excavating and consolidating approximately 20,000 cubic yards
of asbestos, chromium, and nickel-contaminated soil and building debris; (2)
constructing an underground waste management unit (WMU) to contain and dispose of
contaminated soil and waste on site; (3) covering the WMU area with an impermeable
cap; (4) regrading the excavated area; (5) decontaminating the debris; (6) monitoring the
soil, groundwater, and air; and (7) implementing deed restrictions on the use of the
land. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination began cleanup activities
in 1990 under EPA guidance. The area is expected to be cleaned by 1991.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup activities designed to remove contaminants from the enviroment at the
City of Coalinga Contaminated Area have begun making the area safer. Th0 selection
of a permanent cleanup remedy for the Coalinga Asbestos Mine site is expected in
1991.
24
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COAST WOOD
PRESERVING
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD063015887
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Mendocino County
3 miles south of Ukiah
Coast Wood Preserving is an active wood treatment facility located on 8 acres, 3 miles
south of Ukiah. Since 1971, the Coast Wood facility has used a solution of sodium
dichromate, copper sulfate, and arsenic acid to pressure-treat and preserve wood
products. Over the years of the facility's operation, dripping and spillage of this
chemical solution contaminated soil and groundwater on and off site. The Town of
Ukiah has a population of about 13,300 people. There are two duplexes, two bunk
houses, and six motel units within 1/2 mile of the site. The motel units are used to
house seasonal workers at a nearby packing facility. The land near the site is used for
timber-related facilities, sewage treatment; pear orchards, and business and
commercial facilities. The groundwater in the area supplies municipal, domestic, and
agricultural water. Portions of the site are located over two streams at a point 1/2 mile
upstream from where they meet the Russian River. The river also supplies municipal,
domestic, and agricultural water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with heavy metals including
chromium, arsenic, and copper. Potential health threats to people include
drinking and direct contact with on- and off-site runoff and contaminated
groundwater used for potable or agricultural purposes. Since the areas of
contaminated soil are covered with pavement, no direct contact with
contaminated soil is expected. Public access to the site is prevented by a
security fence that is locked after business hours.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
25
continued
-------
COAST WOOD PRESERVING
Cleanup Approach : *
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, Coast Wood began pumping out the
contaminated groundwater plume and storing it on site. Subsequently, the
company constructed a slurry wall and an interceptor trench to prevent the
off-site migration of contaminated groundwater. A groundwater extraction well was
installed to pump the contaminated groundwater, and an injection well was constructed
downgradientirom the site into which Coast Wood will inject clean treated water.
Other activities included grading and construction of berms to prevent surface water
runoff from the operations area.
Entire Site: The selected cleanup technologies to address soil and
groundwater contamination include: (1) paving over soils to prevent water
penetration; (2) on-site treatment of contaminated soils after closure of the
site; (3) deed restrictions on future use of the site property; (4)
groundwater plume control through pumping and treating groundwater; and (5)
continued groundwater monitoring. Cleanup of the soils will occur when the facility
closes. Coast Wood, under EPA and State monitoring, is designing the technical
specifications for the selected remedy. The design phase is expected to be completed
in 1992. ;
Site Facts: In 1981, the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board issued an
order requiring Coast Wood Preserving to establish measures to stop releases of toxic
waste. Later that year, the company was referred to the Board for violation of the
order. The Court subsequently issued an injunction, requiring that the company
perform the site cleanup. It was determined later that Coast Wood was in non-
compliance with the injunction. .
Environmental Progress
The pump and treat system and slurry wall have been effective in controlling the spread
of the groundwater contamination, thereby reducing the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the Coast Wood Preserving site. The remedies for final site
cleanup have been selected, and the technical specifications are being designed.
26
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CRAZY HORS
SANITARY LAN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980498455
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Monterey County-
Salinas
The 125-acre Crazy Horse Sanitary Landfill site has operated as a sanitary landfill since
1950. Prior to 1950, the site was used as an open burning dump for approximately 20
years. The landfill is owned by the City of Salinas and is operated by Salinas Disposal
Services. The facility currently receives approximately 162,000 tons of refuse a year
and is expected to remain in operation until at least 1999. In 1977, the landfill received
a permit from the State allowing it to accept various wastes. Some pesticide
containers have been disposed of at the facility. Reportedly, from the early 1970s to
1982, the Firestone Tire & Rubber Company disposed of large quantities of waste from
their vulcanizing process that included rubber, carbon black, and other fillers, oils, and
mixed solvents at the site. This material consisted of wastes containing mainly
benzene and toluene. Off-site properties with contaminated wells were purchased by
the City of Salinas in 1987. Since 1987, Pacific Energy has operated and maintained a
gas collection system and an electric generating plant on the site. Land surrounding
the site is used for residential and agricultural purposes. Approximately 6,200 people
obtain drinking water from private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions. .'
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Threats and Contaminants
Air and groundwater on site are polluted with volatile organic compounds
(VpCs) and carbon tetrachloride. Potential human health effects include
drinking, touching, and inhaling contaminated groundwater and
- groundwater vapors. Concentrations of contaminants in air are not high
enough to pose a significant health concern.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
27
continued
-------
CRAZY HORSE SANITARY LANDFILL
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Approximately 6 acres of the landfill were closed in 1988
and were covered with a high density polyethylene membrane and 2 feet
of soil. Dewatered, digested, sewage sludge was placed on tdp of the
area to augment revegetation. The southeastern edge of the area was lined with bales
of straw to retard surface water runoff. The city also pumped water from Wells in an
attempt to stabilize the groundwater contamination. Six extraction wells Were initially
installed as an interim measure followed by the installation of 17 additional wells to
completely capture the migrating plume. Adjacent residential wells were either
permanently sealed or converted into extraction or monitoring wells. Contaminated
water is pumped from the extraction wells and is then treated, by air stripping. Treated
water is stored in collection tanks and then either reinjected into the ground through 27
recharge wells or used for dust control.
Entire Site: The EPA plans to begin an investigation into the nature and
extent of air and groundwater contamination at the site in 1990. The
investigation will define the contaminants and identify alternative
technologies for final air and groundwater cleanup. The investigation is pla'nned to be
completed in 1992.
Environmental Progress
Covering portions of the landfill and installing a groundwater treatment system have
greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Crazy Horse
Landfill site while studies and cleanup activities are being planned.
28
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CTS PRINTS
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009212838
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Site Description
CTS Printex, Inc. manufactured printed circuit boards on this 5 1/2-acre site from 1966
until 1985. The facility used a wet and dry process to manufacture the circuit boards.
The wet process occurred in the "wet-floor" building where process water containing
heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was discharged to the floor drains
and ultimately into a neutralization sump. The plant received a license from the City of
Mountain View which allowed the sump to discharge into the City's sewer system.
The facility also generated other waste solvents that were disposed of off site. Data
from environmental monitoring shows that the soils under the "wet-floor" are
contaminated with copper and lead. Also, groundwater on and off site is contaminated
with VOCs and heavy metals from discharges to the "wet-floor" and neutralization
sump. Approximately 61,000 people live in the City of Mountain View. More than
188,000 people live within 3 miles of the site and use groundwater from municipal
wells as one source of drinking water. Permanente Creek is located 400 feet from the
site. This creek and all surface water in the area discharges to San Francteco Bay, 2 1/2
miles north of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on and off site contains VOCs and heavy metals including
lead and copper. Soils on site are contaminated with lead and copper.
People who occupy the "wet-floor" building in the future could be
exposed to hazardous chemicals if they inhale gases from the
contaminated soils under it, especially if they are in a confined space.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
29
continued
-------
CTS PRDJTEX, INC.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. ......;
Response Action Status
x Immediate Actions: In 1986, the company excavated 255 cubic yards of
soil under the building, decontaminated the building, and sent the wastes
to an approved storage facility for hazardous wastes. The contipany also
.. . _ . *«"t«"Ni I «f f*i*^s\ _ __l l_ _ _ I..[ .*!/ _ .L/ j_l_ _^_
excavated the neutralization system between 1985 and 1986 and backfilled the area
with gravel, clay, and asphalt. Three on-site and one off-site extraction wells have been
pumping groundwater since 1987 and discharging it to Mountain View's sanitary sewer
system under a permit from the City. Three additional off-site extraction wells began
pumping in-1989.
Entire Site: Under the State's oversight, the company started a study of
the nature and extent of contamination at the site in 1989. The State will
use the results of this study to evaluate and select the best method for
addressing the remaining site contamination.
Site Facts: In 1987 and 1989, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board
issued Cleanup and Abatement Orders that required the company to be more .
expeditious and thorough in its schedule for cleaning up the site.
Environmental Progress
The excavation and disposal of contaminated soil, the installation of the neutralization
system, and the operation of the groundwater extraction system have greatly reduced
the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the CTS Printex site while
studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
30
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DEL NORTE
~
CALIFORN
EPA ID# CAD00062
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Del Norte County
1 mile northwest of Crescent City
Aliases:
Del Norte County Department of Agriculture
Del Norte County Airport
The Del Norte County Pesticide Storage Area site operated from 1970 until 1981,
accepting containers from local agricultural and forestry related industries. The site was
intended to-be an interim or emergency storage area for pesticide containers, which
previously had been triple-rinsed and punctured. It is suspected that wastes and rinse
water were disposed of in a sump. Approximately 1,600 drums were on site when the
County stopped accepting wastes. The County Agricultural Department recycled the
contents of approximately 1,150 of the drums, then rinsed and disposed of them in the
Cresent City Landfill. The remaining 440 drums were shipped to a licensed recycler.
This site is bordered by the Pacific Ocean, State-owned land, residences, and farmland.
Private wells supply the domestic water to the area, and 4 wells are located within
2,500 feet of the site. Approximately 250 people live within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final-Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil were found to be contaminated with various
pesticides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). People may face a
potential health threat if they touch or accidentally ingest contaminated
soil or groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WAST ESI
31
TES
continued
-------
DELNORTE PESTICIDE STORAGE
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1987, the EPA removed 300 cubic yards of
contaminated soils that were considered to be the source of groundwater
contamination. An air stripping groundwater treatment system was
constructed in 1989 and has been successfully stripping pesticides from the
groundwater prior to discharge to the municipal waste treatment system, i The system
has been operating continuously since 1990, and pesticide levels in the grbundwater
have decreased by approximately 50%. !
i
Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA selected a cleanup alternative for the entire
site that included: (1) excavation and off-site disposal of the remaining
_ contaminated soils from the sump and trench areas; (2) extraction of
contaminated groundwater; (3) treatment of VOC-contaminated groundwater by carbon
adsorption; (4) treatment of chromium-contaminated groundwater by coagulation and
sand filtration technologies; (5) off-site disposal of spent carbon filters and chromium-
rich waste brine; (6) piping treated groundwater to the county sewer main; and (7)
groundwater monitoring. Site conditions that led to the EPA's original decision to treat
the contaminated groundwater with carbon filtration techniques have changed. The
concentration of pesticides has fallen due to the removal of the source of
contamination, high rainfall rates, volatilization,. and biodegradation. This reduction in
contaminant levels means that the remedy originally proposed to clean up the site is no
longer appropriate. Consequently, in 1 989, the EPA terminated a contract with the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers to construct a groundwater treatment plant at the site and is
now evaluating more technically appropriate systems to clean up the groundwater.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soils and the installation and operation of th£
groundwater treatment system have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the Del Norte Pesticide Storage site while cleanup actions
are continuing. ;
32
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EDWARDS
AIR FORCE B
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA1570024504
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL PIST. 29
Kern County
Lancaster
Alias:
Edwards AFB Rocket Engine Test Area
Site Description
Edwards Air Force Base covers approximately 301,000 acres and is used for aircraft
research and development. The Main/South Base at the western edge of Rogers Dry
Lake is used primarily for maintaining and refueling aircraft. Large amounts of fuel have
been spilled, and poor disposal practices have resulted in the release of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) to the ground, Other contaminated areas include an abandoned
sanitary landfill containing heavy metals and an area where electroplating wastes were
dumped. The North Base, 5 miles northeast of the Main Base area, has a drum storage
site at the northern end of Rogers Dry Lake and three unlined surface impoundments
where wastes were poured during the 1960s and 1970s. A total of seven sites are
being assessed to confirm the presence of contaminants. The 13,800 employees at
Edwards Air Force Base obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the Main/
South Base.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils have been contaminated with various VOCs.
People may face a health risk by drinking contaminated groundwater.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
33
continued
-------
EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, drums and contaminated soil in a drum
disposal area were removed and the site was capped. In addition,
contaminants at the Main Base toxic waste disposal area were removed
and the site was regraded. In the South Base storage area, tanks were excavated or
filled with clean sand, and the area was regraded. In 1989, a groundwater/f uel
separation system was installed and placed in operation. The system was designed for
the extraction of jet fuel from the groundwater. It was shut down when
trichloroethylene (TCE) was discovered in the fuel. Methods for separating TCE from
the fuel area now being sought in order to re-start the fuel extraction system.
Entire Site. An investigation into the extent and type of contamination is
currently underway. The investigation is scheduled for completion in 1995
and will conclude with a series of alternatives for the final cleanup of the
site.
Site Facts: Edwards Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program (IRP), under which the Department of Defense has been identifying,
evaluating, and controlling hazardous waste at its facilities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums, tanks, and contaminated soils has greatly reduced the potential
of exposure to hazardous substances at the Edwards Air Force Base site while studies
are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
34
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EL TORO
CORPS
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA6170023208
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 40
Orange County
Santa Ana
The El Toro Marine Corps Air Station covers approximately 4,700 acres. Commissioned
in 1943, it supports the Fleet Marine Forces in the Pacific Ocean, serving as the major
west coast jet fighter facility. A total of 22 potentially contaminated areas have been
identified on the Air Station, including three landfills containing both hazardous and solid
waste; buried drums of explosives and low-level radioactive waste; and areas where
polychlorinated biphenyts (RGBs), battery acids, leaded fuels, and other hazardous
substances were dumped or spilled. The Orange County Water District has identified
volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination in groundwater over a,3-mile radius off
base. There are plumes of contamination at or near the base boundary. Approximately
1,100 acres of land are Irrigated by wells within 3 miles of the site. However, none of
these wells are drinking water sources. Surface water flows to the Upper Newport Bay
Ecological Reserve.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
The landfill is contaminated with PCBs, VOCs, acids, fuels, oils,
pesticides, heavy metals, and radioactive waste. VOCs have been
detected in groundwater. No drinking water sources have been
contaminated. Crops are being watered from VOC-contaminated irrigation
wells. *
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
35
continued
-------
EL TORO MARINE CORPS AIR STATION
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site. .
Response Action Status
Entire Site: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination is
expected to begin in 1990. The investigation is scheduled to be
completed in 1992 and will identify alternative approaches for the final
. cleanup of the site. ;
Site Facts: El Toro Marine Corps Air Station is participating in the Installation
Restoration Program (IRP), the specially funded program established in 1978 under
which the Department of Defense has been identifying and evaluating its past
hazardous waste sites and controlling the migration of hazardous contaminants from
these sites. , j
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the El Toro Marine Corps site
while studies and cleanup activities are being planned.
36
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FAIRCHI
SEMICO
CORP. (SO
JOSE PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD097012298
Site Description ,
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Santa Clara County
San Jose
Aliases:
Fairchlld Camera and Instrument Corporation
Schlumberger Technology Corporation
The 22-acre Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (South San Jose Plant) site is a former
semiconductor manufacturing facility. Operations were conducted at the site from
1977 until 1983. Manufacturing operations required the use and storage of industrial
solvents. In 1981, Fairchild discovered that an underground organic solvent waste tank
had failed, resulting in soil and on- and off-site groundwater contamination by a mixture
of solvents. Contamination exceeding drinking water standards was discovered in a
public drinking water supply well located approximately 1,800 feet downgradienttrom
the site. The well was subsequently destroyed and sealed. Fairchild has been
investigating and cleaning up soil and groundwater pollution at the facility since
contamination was first detected in 1981. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area
of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals,
primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which contaminated a common groundwater
basin. Although these sites are listed separately, the EPA intends to combine cleanup
activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the contamination.
The City of San Jose has a population of approximately 629,000. The Great Oaks
Water Company provides potable water to 18,500 connections in southern San Jose,
including the site area. Potable water is obtained from groundwater production wells,
several of which are located in the area adjacent to and downgradient from the site.
There are 25 known private wells in the area surrounding the site. All but three of
these wells have been sealed or properly abandoned. Of these wells, two are used for
agricultural irrigation and one is used by Fairchild as a monitoring well.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 10/04/89
in.
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil have been contaminated with various volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). If proper protection is not provided, cleanup
workers could breathe or touch contaminants during activities that involve
excavating subsurface soil and sediments or pumping and treating
groundwater and surface water.
March 1990
NPLHAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
37
continued
-------
FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORP. (SOUTH SAN JOSE PLANT)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and the deep aquifer.
Response Action Status ;
Initial Actions: Fairchild has implemented several cleanup actions that
have decreased the extent and magnitude of groundwater contamination
in the area. In 1981, a leaking tank was removed: In 1982, 3,440 cubic
yards of contaminated soils were removed. Since 1982, a series of on-and off-site
groundwater extraction wells have been operating to control the migration of
groundwater contaminants. In 1983, wells in several aquifers that provided potential
pathways for contaminant migration to the C Aquifer were sealed. -A slurry'wall was
constructed, a round the perimeter of the site in 1986 to help contain on-site
contaminants within the A and B aquifers.
Entire Site: In 1989, the following cleanup remedies were selected: (1)
on-site soil vapor extraction; (2) pumping on-site shallow groundwater and
off-site groundwater and treatment using air stripping and carbon
adsorption, followed by on-site reinjection of the treated groundwater; (3)
pumping deep groundwater from off-site wells, followed by air stripping and
discharging to surface water using storm drains, or reuse of the groundwatpr for road
construction and irrigation; (4) conducting laboratory and field studies of the
effectiveness of biodegradation of on-site chemicals; (5) implementing deed restrictions
to limit groundwater and land use; and (6) groundwater monitoring. All actions are
under way except for the reinj'ection of treated groundwater, which is expected to
begin in 1990. j
i
Deep Aquifer: In 1989, the EPA selected the following remedies: sealing
of any conduit or potential conduits to protect the deep aquifer and
groundwater monitoring. The potentially responsible parties are scheduled
to begin design of the remedies in 1990, with the actual cleanup slated for
1991.
Site Facts: 'In response to a Unilateral Order from the State, Fairchild is taking action to
contain and reduce the contaminated groundwater plume. ;
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil, the operation of the groundwater extraction system,
and the installation of the slurry wall have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous substances at the Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. site while final Cleanup
activities are being completed. :
38
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FAIRCH
SEMICO
CORP. (MO
VIEW PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD095989778
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Alias:
Fairchild Hazardous Waste Storage Facility
The 56-acre Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. (Mountain View Plant) facility manufactures
semiconductors and is located in an area referred to as the Middlefield-Ellis-Whisman
(MEW) Study Area. The MEW Study Area is comprised of facilities currently owned or
operated by 17 companies, including three Superfund sites: Fairchild Semiconductor
Corp., Intel Corp., and Raytheon. The area supports numerous light industries involved
in the manufacture of semiconductors, metal-finishing operations, parts cleaning,
aircraft maintenance, aerospace research and development, missile construction,
distribution of petroleum products, dry cleaning, and other chemical-use and storage
operations. Fourteen potential sources of contamination have been identified in the
Fairchild facility, including underground and aboveground storage tanks for chemical
products and wastes, pH neutralization systems, and industrial wastewater treatment
systems. Approximately 270,000 people depend on wells within 3 miles of the site for
drinking water. Approximately 116,000 residents live within a 3-mile radius.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater has been contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), freon, isopropyl alcohol, and heavy metals including cadmium,
chromium, lead, and nickel. Soils were found to be contaminated with
VOCs. People may face a health threat if they breathe vapors from
contaminated groundwater or touch contaminated groundwater or soil.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
39
continued
-------
FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORP. (MOUNTAIN VIEW PLANT)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the shallow aquifer and deep aquifer. !
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Initial cleanup actions included tank removals from the
site, soil removal and treatment, sealing of affected wells, and;control of
groundwater movement by installing 3 slurry walls and 21 groundwater
extraction wells.
Shallow Aquifer. In 1989, the following remedies were selected to
address contamination in the shallow aquifer: (1) in-place vapor extraction
with treatment of contaminated soil found within the Fairchild and
Raytheon slurry walls; (2) limited soil excavation and treatment by aeration
for some areas outside of the slurry walls, with on-site disposal of residues
in the excavated area; and (3) groundwater pumping and treating using air stripping.
The parties potentially responsible for site contamination are scheduled to begin design
of the selected remedy in 1990.
Deep Aquifer: In 1989, the following remedies were selected to address
contamination in the deep aquifer: sealing of any conduit or potential
conduits to protect the deep aquifer and groundwater monitoring. The
parties potentially responsible for site contamination are scheduled to
begin design of the selected remedy in 1990, with actual cleanup slated to
begin in 1991. , :
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent to the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination. As a result of this Order, thd potentially
responsible parties must pay for or perform site cleanup activities. '
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil and the installation of slurry walls and
extraction wells have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
groundwater and soil at the Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. site while cleanup activities
are being planned. ! -
40
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FIRESTONE XI
RUBBER CO.
(SALINAS PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD990793887
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Monterey County
6 miles southeast of Salinas
Site Description
The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. (Salinas Plant) site consists of a 43-acre former tire
manufacturing plant on 256 acres of land. The site is now an industrial park containing
warehouses. Firestone operated a tire manufacturing plant on the site from 1965 to
1980. Production chemicals were apparently spilled during the manufacturing process.
The major chemical types and raw materials that were used at the plant include carbon,
rubber, processing oil, zinc oxide, solvents, antioxidants, steel wire, and petroleum
fuels. Solid and hazardous wastes from the manufacturing processes were disposed in
off-site facilities. Aqueous industrial wastes and domestic wastewater were treated at
two on-site treatment plants. In 1980, Firestone received a permit to store hazardous
wastes. Seventy-nine drums were stored on site on a concrete pad. Flammable liquids
were in 52 of these drums, and 27 drums contained corrosive liquids. In 1981, these
drums were removed to a licensed disposal site. The contamination at the site was
first discovered in 1983, during the plant closing. In 1983, 20 monitoring wells were
installed for groundwater investigations, and soil samples were taken. An estimated
400 wells were identified in the area. Approximately 120 people reside within a 1-mile
radius of the site, and 14,000 people live within a 4-mile radius.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater has been contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). People may face a health threat by swallowing, breathing, or
touching^contaminated groundwater.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
41
continued
-------
FIRESTONE TIRE & RUBBER CO. (SALINAS PLANT)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status ',
\
Initial Actions: From 1983 to 1984, contaminated soil was removed, soil
capping was performed in 1984 and 1985, and on- and off-site shallow
aquifers were treated in 1986 and 1987.
|
Entire Site: In 1989, the California Department of Health Services and the
EPA announced the approval of a cleanup plan. The plan calls for Firestone
to install five new extraction wells to extract groundwater from the
intermediate aquifer and to continue pumping from the wells located in the
shallow aquifer. The extracted groundwater will continue to be: processed
by the existing treatment plant before being discharged into the Salinas River. The
aquifers will continue to be monitored during and after cleanup activities. The
potentially responsible parties are scheduled to begin design of the selected cleanup
alternative in 1990.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated water, capping of the contaminated soil, and the
extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater in the shallow aquifer have
greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated soil and groundwater at the
Firestone Tire & Rubber site while final cleanup activities are being planned.
A
42
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FORT ORD
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA7210020676
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Monterey County
2 miles north of Monterey
Site Description
The 29,440-acre Fort Ord site was established in 1917 by the U.S. Army as a maneuver
area and field artillery target range. Presently, the base's primary mission is training of
military personnel. Chemicals and hazardous wastes were disposed of at Fort Ord.
Currently, hazardous wastes are stored at on-site facilities before they are transported
and disposed of off site. There are several areas of contamination on site. One of
these areas includes three inactive landfills that were once used to dispose of '
residential and commercial waste. The facility contained leaking hazardous waste
tanks, containers of waste oil and various automotive chemicals, chemical storage
areas, an oil-water separator, and fueling stations. Another area of on-site
contamination is the 14th Engineers Motor Pool. Approximately 5,000 underground
fuel tanks, drums of waste oil and other wastes, and sand pits in which waste oil, liquid
wastes, and battery acid were disposed of. Fuels were placed into unlined pits and
subsequently percolated through the subsurface soil. The Army conducted a
preliminary assessment of the site in 1983. Additional areas of contamination have
been identified by the U.S. Army including: the 519th Maintenance Complex; Open
Detonation Area Range 36A; Main Garrison Sewage Treatment Plant; 1600 Area Motor
Pool Complex; 3800 Area Motor Pool Complex; 3700 Area Motor Pool Complex; Old
DEH Yard; AAFES Main Service Station; Old DRMO Facility; and AAFES Cleaners. The
local population at Fort Ord (including both civilian and military personnel and their
dependents) is approximately 30,000. Approximately 38,600 people obtain drinking
water from wells within 3 miles of the site. The Salinas River alluvial basin and El Toro
Creek both border the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
IMPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 01/01/90
7V
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater and soil are contaminated with heavy metals and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Contaminants have been detected in
groundwater samples collected from Fort Ord and Monterey County
Water District water supply wells. On-site soils in the area of the
Maintenance Facility, Engineers Motor Pool, the Cannibilization Area
which was used for stripping used equipment, and the Fire Drill Burn Pit
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
43
continued
-------
FORTORO
Threats and Contaminants Continued
areas have been contaminated with chemicals that have spilled onto the
ground. As a result, on-site workers as well as employees of the Fort Ord
Army base could be exposed to site-related contaminants wheh touching
these contaminated soils. Should site-related contaminants migrate off
site through the soils or groundwater, the Salinas River and El Torb Creek
could be affected.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being Addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site and the groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The U. S. Army initiated an investigation into the
nature and extent of groundwater contamination and the most effective
methods to address it. Preliminary findings showed an additional area of
contamination known as the Fritzsche Army Airfield Fire Drill Area (FDA). The Army
installed a groundwater and soil treatment system that became operational iri 1988.
The contaminated groundwater is treated using carbon adsorption. A mixture of
treated groundwater and necessary nutrients is sprayed on the contaminated soil
adjacent to the groundwater treatment plant to facilitate the treatment of the soil.
i
Entire Site: In 1990, the Army is scheduled to begin an investigation into
the nature and extent of contamination at the site as well as the ;most
effective cleanup methods. The EPA expects to complete this
investigation in 1995. An investigation to determine the nature and extent
of remaining groundwater contamination began in 1990 and is planned to be completed
by 1993.
Site Facts: Fort Ord is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) under
which the Department of Defense is identifying, investigating, and controlling the
migration of hazardous waste from its facilities. l
| Environmental Progress
The groundwater treatment system has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated groundwater while studies leading to the selection of final cleanup
activities are taking place at the Fort Ord site. i
44
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FRESNO MUN
SANITARY
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980636914
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Fresno County
Fresno
The 130-acre Fresno Municipal Sanitary Landfill site was owned and operated by the
City of Fresno from 1935 under a permit issued by the State, until it was closed in
1989. The landfill was used for the disposal of domestic and municipal trash. While
conducting tests in 1983, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) found
methane gas had migrated from the landfill to the surrounding areas. These tests also
concluded that contaminated groundwater has migrated off site to several private
residential wells located nearby. The City of Fresno installed monitoring wells around
the landfill perimeter in 1984. Subsequent tests indicated that volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) were present in groundwater taken from wells at the edge of the
landfill. Wells located upgradient of the site were not found to be contaminated. The
results of groundwater samples taken by the City of Fresno from the methane
monitoring wells in 1985 indicated that there had been a decrease in the movement of
methane to nearby homes. Sampling of groundwater from private wells performed in
1989 found that the contaminants do not pose a significant health risk; however, these
wells will continue to be monitored. Access to the site is restricted by means of a
locked gate and a fence which encloses the site. The landfill is covered with a layer of
dirt and is partially vegetated. Nine municipal wells are located within 3 miles of the
site. Water from these wells feeds into a blended system that serves the City of
Fresno. The general distribution area of the system serves approximately 260,000
people. Two agricultural irrigation wells are located along the western edge of the
landfill, and several more are located within a few thousand feet of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Air contains high concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide and lower
concentrations of VOCs. Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. Since
private wells located south of the landfill are contaminated with VOCs,
area residents who depend on these wells as their sole source of drinking
water could be exposed to site-related contaminants. An irrigation canal
runs through a pipe beneath the landfill. Leachate from the landfill may
leak into the pipe and contaminate the irrigation water. If this should
occur, area residents who consume locally grown produce could be
exposed to site-related contaminants that have accumulated in the
produce.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
45
continued
-------
FRESNO MUNICIPAL, SANITARY LANDFILL
Cleanup Approach i
i
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. '
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The City of Fresno installed wells around the perimeter of
the landfill to monitor methane and groundwater in 1984. The City of
Fresno also constructed barriers on two sides of the landfill to prevent
methane from migrating off site to nearby homes. !
Entire Site: The investigation into the nature and extent of contamination
at the Fresno Landfill is expected to begin in 1990 and be completed in
1992. The investigation will result in recommendations on alternative
cleanup methods. (
Environmental Progress
The construction of barriers preventing the migration of methane has reduced the
threat of exposure to contaminants from the Fresno Sanitary Landfill site while studies
and cleanup activities are being planned. I
46
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GEORGE
FORCEB
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA2570024453
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 37
San BernardinojCounty
VictorvlUe
The George Air Force Base occupies 5,347 acres. The base supports tactical fighter
operations and provides training for air crew and maintenance personnel. The base is
scheduled for closure in 1992. All hazardous and solid wastes are now disposed of off
site at licensed facilities. Fifty-four potential areas of contamination have been
identified at this site. The Air Force eliminated 37 of those sites by determining that
they were not a threat to public health and the environment. The Air Force then
grouped the remaining areas of contamination into the following five areas for cleanup:
the northeast Disposal Area, Industrial Storm Drain Line and Outfall, landfills in the
northeast and southeast areas of the base. Fire Training and Disposal Pits, petroleum
contamination in soil and groundwater, and miscellaneous liquid disposal sites.
Approximately 15,400 people live within 3 miles of the site, and 11,000 people reside
within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with heavy metals including lead,
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and radioactive wastes. Potential
health risks may exist if the contaminated groundwater or soils are
accidentally ingested or touched.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
47
continued
-------
GEORGE AIR FORCE BASE
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of
the Northeast Disposal area, the Flightline area, the Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricant areas,
the landfill areas, and the entire site. These phases address contamination across the
five areas previously identified by the Air Force.
Response Action Status
Northeast Disposal Area: The Air Force is investigating the nature and
extent of the contamination of the groundwater at the Northeast Disposal
Area. A remedy will be selected based on the results of the investigation.
Flightline Area: An investigation is under way to determine the nature
and extent of contamination in the Flightline Area. A remedy will be
selected based on the results of the investigation.
Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricant Areas: An investigation to determine the
extent of the petroleum, oil, and lubricant contamination is under way at
the site. The investigation will lead to the selection of a remedy.
Landfills: An investigation is under way to determine the extenjt of
contamination at the landfills on the base. The results will determine the
selection of the final remedy. *
Entire Site: An investigation is scheduled to be conducted to determine
the nature and extent of the site-wide contamination. A remedy will be
selected based on the results of the investigation.
Site Facts: The EPA and the Department of Defense (DOD) currently are negotiating
the Interagency Agreement for site cleanup. This site is participating in the Installation
Restoration Program (IRP), a DOD program to identify, investigate, and control
hazardous waste on military installations.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the George Air Force Base site
while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
-------
HEWLETT-
(62O-64O PA
MILL ROAD)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980884209
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Palo Alto
Hewlett-Packard manufactured optoelectronic equipment on this 10-acre site from
1962 to 1986. In 1981, at least 300 gallons of waste solvents leaked from a buried
storage tank. The company excavated the tank and approximately 100 cubic yards of
contaminated soil in 1981 and transported the materials to a hazardous waste facility.
Since 1982, the company has been pumping and treating contaminated groundwater.
The nearest residential areas are located approximately 1/8 mile northeast of the
facility. Five municipal backup supply wells drawing from a deeper aquifer are within 3
miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/01/90
IA
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in groundwater under
the tank area and in the soils sampled from the former tank location.
Potential health risks include touching or accidentally ingesting
contaminated groundwater or soil. Chemicals in the shallow aquifer have
migrated off site in a northerly direction. Untreated groundwater is
discharged to Matadero Canal, which empties into San Francisco Bay,
approximately 4 miles away.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
49
continued
-------
HEWLETT-PACKARD (62O-64O PAGE MILL ROAD)
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In addition to the tank excavation and spil excavation
conducted in 1981, Hewlett-Packard excavated an additional 810 cubic
yards of soil around the former tank area in 1987. Pumping and treating of
contaminated groundwater has been ongoing since 1982
Entire Site: In 1989, under State monitoring, the potentially responsible
party, Hewlett Packard, initiated an investigation to determine the extent of
contamination remaining at the site and to identify alternative cleanup
remedies. The investigation is scheduled for completion in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The excavation and disposal of the storage tank and contaminated soil and the ongoing
treatment of contaminated groundwater have greatly reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials at the Hewlett-Packard site while studies ;are taking
place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
50
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HEXCEL C
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD058783952
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Alameda County
Liverrnore
Alias:
Coast Land Manufacturing Company
The 22-acre Hexcel Corp. site produces resins for coatings and adhesives and produces
fabrics and parts for the aerospace industry. Two documented spills occurred at the N
site in 1983. In the first, 600 gallons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
methylene chloride, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol leaked from
subsurface plumbing. In the second, 1,500 gallons of contaminants were released
when a valve on a storage tank was left open. In 1983, after the first spill, the California
Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order charging
Hexcel with improper waste management. Under the order, Hexcel was to investigate
the extent of contamination, clean up soil and groundwater, and prevent future spills.
Hexcel excavated the tank and drilled a well to recover as much of the solvent as
possible. Approximately 500 gallons of the second spill were recovered, but the rest
migrated to the excavated tank area. Approximately 50,000 people obtain drinking
water and 2,800 acres of agricultural land are irrigated from wells within 3 miles of the
site. The closest body of water to the site is a seasonal creek, the Arroyo Las Positas,
which is located 3,000 feet southwest of the site.
site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Threats and Contaminants
VOCs were found in shallow groundwater and extraction wells at the site.
Dimethylformamide and VOCs were detected in soil samples. Potential
health risks may exist if individuals ingest or touch contaminated
groundwater or soil. Health risks may also exist through inhalation of
volatilized contaminants.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
51
continued
-------
HEXCELCORP.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. -
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, Hexcel Corp. removed the leaking storage
tank and removed 500 gallons of spilled solvents.
Entire Site: The State began an investigation in 1990 to determine the
type and extent of contamination at the site and to identify alternative
cleanup remedies. i ,
Environmental Progress
The excavation of the tank and installation of extraction wells to recover contaminants
by the Hexcel Corp. have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous waste at the
site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planjied.
52
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INDUSTRIAL
PROCESSIN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980736284
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Fresno County
Hnedale
The 1/2-acre Industrial Waste Processing site was a solvent recycling facility from 1957
to 1981. The facility reclaimed glycols from petroleum residues recovered from natural
gas field pipelines and chlorinated solvents generated by the paint and ink industries.
The facility also recovered lead solder and zinc from waste solder flux generated by the
metal can manufacturing industry. The site consisted of an office/laboratory building,
an open chemical storage shed, eight aboveground tanks, solvent distillation stills,
approximately 250 drums containing waste solvents and lead solder flux, approximately
50 cubic yards of lead solder waste stored in two piles, about 50 bags of fiber, and 30
drums of asbestos. The closest residence is 40 feet from the site perimeter. The
population within 3 miles is approximately 68,000. An estimated 348,000 people
depend on the groundwater for drinking water. There are 119 wells within 3 miles of
the site.
Site Responsibility: jnjs sjte js being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
L\
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with lead, asbestos, and solvents. Lead,
asbestos, acetone, and other solvents have been found in the soil.
Potential health threats may exist if contaminated vapors or particles are
inhaled. People may also be at risk from touching or swallowing
contaminated groundwater or soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
53
continued
-------
INDUSTRIAL WASTE PROCESSING
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988, the EPA removed all asbestos found in
bags, drums, and building insulation and all lead solder wastes in drums
and piles; secured the site from unauthorized access; developed site
safety plans; implemented dust suppression actions; monitored for fugitive vapors and
dusts; and removed 19,000 gallons of hazardous liquids and 290 cubic yards of
contaminated soil.
Entire Site: The EPA is planning an investigation to determine the extent
and type of contamination at the site. At the conclusion of the
investigation, planned for 1992, recommendations will be made for the
final cleanup actions. ;'.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the asbestos, lead solder waste, hazardous liquids, and contaminated
soil, as well as the dust suppression actions, reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminants at the Industrial Waste Processing site while studies and final cleanup
activities are being planned.
54
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INTEL CORP.
(MOUNTAIN
VIEW PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD061620217
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
The Intel Corp. manufactured semiconductors at this 2-acre site from 1968 until 1981.
The site is one of three Superfund sites that are being cleaned up concurrently. The
other two sites are Fairchild Semiconductor and Raytheon. The sites are located in the
Middlefield-Ellis-Whisman (MEW) Study Area. Various industrial activities were
conducted near the site, including semiconductor manufacturing, metal finishing
operations, parts cleaning, aircraft maintenance, and other activities requiring the use,
storage, and handling of a variety of chemicals, particularly solvents. Site investigations
at several of these facilities during 1981 arid 1982 revealed significant soil and
groundwater contamination by toxic chemicals, primarily volatile organic compounds
(VOCsX Approximately 270,000 people depend on groundwater within 3 miles of the
site as a source of drinking water. Most of the runoff from the area goes to Stevens
Creek. ; _. .
Site Responsibility: jhjs site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, isopropyl alcohol, and freon.
VOCs are also found in the soil. People who inhale vapors from
contaminated groundwater or touch contaminated groundwater or soil
may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
55
continued
-------
INTEL CORP. (MOUNTAIN VIEW PLANT)
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Since 1982, Intel has been pumping and treating
groundwater by carbon adsorption. By 1986, Intel removed abput 4,600
cubic yards of contaminated soil. Other immediate actions performed by
the company include removing tanks, sealing contaminated wells, and constructing
slurry walls to prevent contaminant migration. \
Entire Site: In 1989, the following remedies were selected: (1) treating
contaminated soil by in-place vapor extraction; (2) limited excavation of soil
and treatment by aeration for some areas outside of the slurry Walls, with
on-site disposal of residues in the excavated area; (3) groundwater
pumping and treatment using air stripping; (4) sealing any conduits or potential conduits
of contaminant migration to protect the deep aquifer, and (5) groundwater monitoring.
In 1989, the potentially responsible parties began to develop the technical design for
the selected cleanup remedies. Final site cleanup is scheduled to begin in 1991. Soil
cleanup will take from 1 to 6 years, with groundwater cleanup lasting much.longer due
to the physical and chemical nature of the contaminated aquifers. Regular monitoring is
planned to assess cleanup progress.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA issued an Administrative Order On Consent to Intel,
Fairchild Semiconductor, and Raytheon requiring the three companies to conduct a joint
site investigation. '.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treatment of the groundwater, removal of contaminated soil and
tanks, and the construction of slurry walls have greatly reduced the potential of
exposure to contaminated materials at the Intel Corp. (Mountain View Plant) site while
final cleanup remedies are being designed. :
56
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INTEL CORP.
(SANTA CLARA
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAT000612184
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DISTY 13
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
The Intel Corp. (Santa Clara III) plant performs quality control of chemicals and tests
microprocessors at this 4-acre facility. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present
in the groundwater in the shallow aquifer. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area
of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals,
primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common
groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA
intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area^wide
approach to the contamination. Approximately 300,000 people depend on groundwater
within 3 miles of the site as a source of drinking water. There are 27 wells within 3
miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater has been contaminated with VOCs. Based on available
information, this site is not considered to be of public health concern
because of the apparent absence of human exposure to hazardous
substances. However, people could face a health risk if they swallow or
touch contaminated water. The inhaling of contaminated vapors could
also pose a health risk.
March 1990
NPLHAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
57
continued
-------
INTEL CORP. (SANTA CLARA HI)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The company has installed and is operating a system
to pump and treat the contaminated groundwater.
[ ';'.
Entire Site: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination at
the site was completed by the potentially responsible party, under State
monitoring, in 1990. The remedy selected by the EPA includes: (1)
continuing groundwater extraction and treatment with an expanded
granular-activated charcoal system, with discharge of the treated groundwater to San
Tomas Aquino Creek; (2) groundwater monitoring; and (3) a demonstration project that
will evaluate various groundwater pumping strategies for cleaning up residual levels of
VOCs left behind in aquifer material. '
Environmental Progress
The installation of a groundwater pump and treatment system has reduced the
potential of exposure to contaminated groundwater at the Intel Corp. (Santa Clara
site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
-------
INTEL MAG
CALIFORNIA
ID# CAD092212497
Site Description
REGIONS
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
Alias:
Micro Storage/Intel Magnetics
The Intel Magnetics site is a 1-acre facility that produced and tested magnetic products
and bubble memories. Micro Storage occupied the site from 1985 to 1986 and used
the facility for research and development and pilot manufacturing. Micro Storage also
occupied a property adjacent to .and upgradientfrom Intel Magnetics that contributes to
the contamination. Monitoring wells on the site are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) believed to have resulted,from surface spills and a leak from an
underground storage tank. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of San
Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily
chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common groundwater basin.
Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to combine
cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the
contamination. Approximately 300,000 people depend on groundwater within 3 miles
of the site as a source of drinking water. Twenty Santa Clara wells and four Sunnyvale
wells are within a 3-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People may face a
health hazard from swallowing or touching contaminated groundwater.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
S3
continued
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INTEL MAGNETICS
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term
remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The company has installed a system to!pump and
treat contaminated groundwater. ;
Entire Site: The State is currently supervising an investigation by the
potentially responsible parties into the type and extent of contamination.
At the conclusion of the investigation, scheduled for 1990, alternatives for
final site cleanup will be recommended. |
Environmental Progress
The installation of a groundwater pump and treatment system has greatly reduced the
potential of exposure to contaminated groundwater at the Intel Magnetics site while
studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
60
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INTERSIL,
SIEMENS
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD041472341
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Cupertino
Intersil, Inc., and Siemens Components have manufactured semiconductors for several
years on two locations covering 15 acres. Siemens is currently an operating facility,
while Intersil is inactive. Investigations conducted in 1982 as part of the California
Regional Water Quality Control Board's (CRWQCB) underground tank leak detection
program found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soils on the site and in
groundwater on and off the site. Contamination is believed to have resulted from
localized spills and from leaking underground storage tanks and piping involving the two
companies. At the Siemens facility, four underground tanks were used to store waste
solvents, and at the Intersil facility, possible sources of contamination were the waste
neutralization systems and the concrete scrubber pit sumps. More than 300,000
people obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of the site. The
groundwater is used for the municipal water supplies of the Cities of Cupertino, Santa
Clara, and Sunnyvale. Five municipal water supply wells are located within 1 mile of
the site. Three of these wells, operated by the City of Santa Clara, are located in an
apparent dowrigradient direction. The distance from the site to the c!6sest municipal
well (City of Santa Clara well #15) is 1,300 feet. Calabazas Creek, an intermittent
stream, is located approximately 1,500 feet east of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actio ns.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil have been contaminated with VOCs. Potential
health threats include touching contaminated soils, drinking contaminated
groundwater, inhaling VOCs from the use of groundwater, and inhaling
chemicals volatized from the soils.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS W AST ESITES
61
continued
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INTERSIL, INC./SIEMENS COMPONENTS
Cleanup Approach
i h
This site is being addressed in two phases: immediate actions and a long-term
remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. ,
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: On-site activities have included: (1) removal of an
underground waste handling and solvent storage system and surrounding
soil; (2) installation and operation of groundwater extraction and treatment
systems; and (3) installation and operation of soil vapor extraction and treatment
systems.
Entire Site: An investigation into the type and extent of contamination is
currently under way. A final cleanup remedy is expected to b<3 selected in
late 1990. '!
i
Site Facts: In 1986, the CRWQCB issued waste discharge requirements under the
California Water Code that required both companies to determine the extent of
contamination in groundwater and soils. In 1989, the CRWQCB issued site cleanup
requirements and approved the work plan and schedule for on- and off-site
investigative activities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil and the installation and operation of the soil
extraction systems have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated
materials at the Intersil, Inc./Siemens Components site while studies are taking place
and final cleanup activities are being planned. \
62
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IRON
MOUNTAIN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980498612
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Shasta County
9 miles northwest of Redding
From the 1860s through 1963, the 4,400-acre Iron Mountain Mine (IMM) site was
periodically mined for iron, silver, gold, copper, zinc, and pyrite. Though mining
operations were discontinued in 1963, underground mine workings, waste rock dumps,
piles of ore mine tailings, and an open mine pit still remain at the site. Historic mining
activity at IMM has fractured the mountain, exposing minerals in the mountain to
surface water, rain water, and oxygen. When pyrite is exposed to moisture and
oxygen, sulfuric acid forms. This sulfuric acid runs through the mountain and leaches
out copper, cadmium, zinc, and other heavy metals. This acid flows out of the seeps
and portals of the mine. Much of the acidic mine drainage is ultimately channeled into
the Spring Creek Reservoir by creeks surrounding IMM. The Bureau of Reclamation
periodically releases the stored acid mine drainage into Keswick Reservoir. Planned
releases are timed to coincide with the presence of diluting releases of water from
Shasta Dam. On occasion, unplanned spills and excessive waste releases have
occurred when Spring Creek Reservoir reached capacity. Without sufficient dilution,
this results in the release of harmful quantities of heavy metals into the Sacramento
River. Approximately 500 people live within 3 miles of the site, and approximately
47,600 people use surface water within 3 miles as their source of drinking Water. The
low pH level and the heavy metal contamination from the mine have caused the virtual
elimination of aquatic life in Slickrock Creek, Boulder Creek, and a section of Spring
Creek. Since 1940, high levels of contamination in the Sacramento River have caused
numerous fish kills. The continuous release of metals from IMM has contributed to a
steady decline in the fisheries population in the Sacramento River. In 1989, the
National Marine Fisheries Service took emergency action to list the Winter Run Chinook
Salmon as threatened under the Endangered Species Act and to designate the
Sacramento River from Red Bluff Diversion Dam to Keswick Dam as a critical habitat.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants -
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Surface water has been contaminated by the release of sulfuric acid,
copper, zinc, and cadmium from the mine. People face a health risk if
they touch or accidentally ingest contaminated water or mine drainage.
There is a potential for accumulation of contaminants in fish. The
unplanned release of contaminants acutely toxic to fisheries has led to the
steady decline in fish populations and has contributed significantly to the
listing of the Winter Run Chinook Salmon as a threatened species.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
63
continued
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IRON MOUNTAIN MINE
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term
remedial phases focusing on water management and cleanup of the entire; site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: A limestone neutralization process was installed at
the site to treat acid mine discharge from the Richmond Portal prior to
discharge to the reservoir. This system was operated by the EPA in 1988
and 1989. ICI Americas, a potentially responsible party, operated a similar system and
will again operate the plant in 1990 and 1991. !
Water Management: Selected cleanup activities include: (1) capping
selected cracked and caved ground areas using a soil-cement mixture or
other suitable material; (2) diverting clean surface water in upper Spring
Creek to Flat Creek, diverting clean surface water in South Fork Spring
Creek to Rock Creek, and diverting clean Upper Slickrock Creek water around waste
rock and mine tailings piles; (3) enlarging Spring Creek Debris Dam; (4) implementing
perimeter control as needed to minimize direct contact threat; and (5) performing
hydrogeologic studies and field-scale pilot demonstrations to better define acid mine
drainage formation. The EPA has completed the capping of cracked and caved ground
areas and the open pit mine on Iron Mountain, diverted Slickrock Creek around the
mine wastes, and prevented the flow of acid mine drainage to the groundwater. ICI
Americas is currently constructing the Upper Spring Creek Diversion, and completion is
scheduled for 1990. i
Entire Site: The EPA is studying the type and extent of contamination at
the site. At the conclusion of the study, planned to be completed in 1993,
recommendations for the final cleanup remedy will be made.;
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA ordered the potentially responsible parties to implement
emergency response corrective measures to remove the metal contamination. In
1990, the EPA, under an Administrative Order, required the parties to implement the
Upper Spring Creek Diversion cleanup action.
Environmental Progress
The installation and operation of the neutralization system, the capping of areas of the
mine, and the diversion of Slickrock Creek have greatly reduced the acid and metal
contamination in surface water and groundwater at the Iron Mountain Mine site while
cleanup activities are continuing and additional studies are taking place, j
64
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J. H.
BAXTER
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD00062573r
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 14
Siskiyou County
Weed
Aliases:
Roseburg Forest Products
Baxter/International Paper/Rosenburg
J. H. Baxter & Co. has owned and operated a 35-acre wood-treatment facility at this
site since 1962. Prior to 1962, the plant was owned by Long Bell Lumber Company
and International Paper. Roseburg Forest Products operates an 870-acre lumber
products facility adjacent to the site. Wood treatment operations involve the application
of chemical compounds to lumber in order to help the wood resist deterioration caused
by insects and fungi. The current processes use creosote, petroleum, arsenic, copper,
chromium, and zinc. Until 1982, Baxter also used pentachlorophenoKPCP). For
approximately 25 years prior to 1962, the International Paper Company operated the
facility and used many of these same chemicals. Hazardous sludges were disposed of
on site in unlined pits or bermed areas. From 1976 to 1983, contaminated process
water was sprayed onto an open field at the southern edge of Baxter's property.
Excess wastewater was periodically held in unlined ponds, entering soil and
groundwater. An additional source of contamination has been excess chemicals that
have dripped from treated lumber onto the soil, in addition, periodic overflows,
accidents, and leaks have all contributed to the environmental problems at the site.
Approximately 3,450 people live within 3 miles of the site, and 200 people within 3
miles use groundwater as a drinking water source. Beaughton Creek runs through the
site and was formerly a prime trout habitat.
Site Responsibility;
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, and sediments are contaminated with PCP,
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs), arsenic, and heavy metals
including creosote, chromium, and zinc. Soil contains arsenic, chromium,
PCP, creosote, PNAs, and dioxin. People face a health threat if they
swallow, inhale, or touch contaminated groundwater, soil, surface water,
sediments, or dust.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
65
continued
-------
J. H. BAXTER & CO.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing oh cleanup
of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA completed an investigation into the type ,and extent
of contamination and is currently in the process of selecting the
appropriate actions for site cleanup. i .
Site Facts: In 1983, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB)
issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order and a Cease and Desist Order. In 1,984, the
CRWQCB ordered Roseburg to cease discharge of contaminated water. In J1985,
CRWQCB required Baxter, International Paper, and Roseburg to submit a site
investigation plan. -'
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the J. H. Baxter site while
cleanup activities are being planned.
66
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JASCO CHE
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD009103318
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12,
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
The 2-acre Jasco Chemical Corp. site has been at its present location since 1976
although it has operated for 35 years. Jasco repackages or formulates chemical
products for retail sales. Bulk solvents used at the site are received by tankers and ,
stored in eight underground storage tanks. Prior to 1985, Tank #3 was used to store.
pentachlorophenol (PCP) which was an ingredient of a wood preservative formerly
produced by Jasco. The product was discontinued in 1985 and the tank was converted
to store paint thinner. Elevated levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were
detected in soils from a swale area located behind the building and in the shallow
groundwater. Based on available data, it appears that the VOC-contaminated soil and
groundwater contamination resulted from surface water runoff from the facility to the
swale area. Other past waste disposal practices and possibly leakage from an
underground storage tank may also have contributed to soil and groundwater
contamination. The City of Mountain View has a total population of approximately
62,000. The only surface water body within a mile is the Permanente Creek.
Approximately 330,000 people within 3 miles of the site depend on groundwater for
drinking water. In 1987, the City of Mountain View shut down one well near the site to
determine whether site activities would affect the well. In 1988, the well was placed
back into operation, after investigations revealed that contamination had not migrated
into the groundwater for this well.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties'actions.
NPL. LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, phenols, and diesel fuel. Soil
contains VOCs and diesel fuel. Surface water is contaminated with VOCs
and PCP. People may face a health threat if they inhale contaminated
vapors or drink or touch contaminated water.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
67
continued
-------
JASCO CHEMICAL CORP.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. .
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Jasco installed groundwater monitoring wells, took soil
samples, and removed some contaminated soil. , i -?
Entire Site: The potentially responsible party, under EPA monitoring,
currently is investigating the type and extent of contamination1. When the
studies are completed, scheduled for 1991, recommendations for final site
cleanup remedies will be made.
Site Facts: In 1983, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board requested that
Jasco install a monitoring well to determine if groundwater was contaminated.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil has reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminants at the Jasco Chemical Company site while studies are taking' place and
final cleanup activities are being planned. ;
68
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JIBBOOM J
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980737613
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Sacramento County
Sacramento
Aliases:
City of Sacramento Dump
Associated Metals
PG&E Power Plant
Site Description
The Jibboom Junkyard site is approximately 9 acres in size, although roughly 7 acres
have been covered with up to 20 feet of fill material, concrete, and asphalt. The site,
formerly owned by the Associated Iron and Metals Company, began operations in
1951. Operations included metal salvaging of a variety of materials such as railroad
cars, army tanks, batteries, and electric transformers. Some scrap metal was disposed
of on site, and transformer oil was poured onto the ground. Operations ceased in
1965, the same year the California Department of Transportation purchased the
property. The uncovered section of the site is flat, fenced, and includes the portions
used by the original salvage yard and the electric power generating plant property. An
old building and the underground storage tanks of an old electric power generating
plant remain, and the other ancillary structures and storage tanks, have been dismantled
and removed. The remaining structures are included within the fenced area.
Approximately 250,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. The bicycle path adjacent
to the site receives regular traffic during the week as a route to and from work. The
city's drinking water is taken from the river at the northeastern corner of the site. The
river is also used for recreation arid irrigation. The site is in the flood plain for the
Sacramento River.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Soil was contaminated with lead, copper, and zinc. People faced a health
threat if they inhaled particles, touched, or accidentally ingested
contaminated soil.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
continued
-------
JIBBOOM JUNKYARD
Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of
the entire site. I
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1983, the site was fenced and soil samples were collected.
From 1985 to 1987, over 11,000 cubic yards of contaminated sbil were
excavated and removed to an approved hazardous waste disposal facility.
The site was proposed for deletion from the NPL in 1989. The deletion has;been
postponed, pending the outcome of a site review.
t Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil has eliminated the potential of exposure to hazardous
materials at the Jibboom Junkyard site. Final site reviews are being conducted to
determine if the site should be removed from the NPL.
70
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KOPPERS CO
INC. (OROVILL:
PLANT)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009112087
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
. Butte County
Oroville
Since 1948, the 200-acre Koppers Company, Inc. (Oroville Plant) site was used to
conduct wood treating operations designed to prevent wood deterioration by insects or
fungi. Koppers purchased the plant from the National Wood Treating Company in 1955.
Chemical handling procedures and wood treatment and storage operations have
contaminated the soil and groundwater on and off site. Fires at the Koppers facility
occurred in 1963 and 1987, causing increased contamination at the site. Groundwater,
Surface water, and soils on and off site have been contaminated with
pentachlorophenol (PCP) and other hazardous substances used in Koppers' wood
treating activities. The contaminated groundwater is located beneath the site and the
Louisiana-Pacific site (another NPL site) and in the area south of the Koppers site. In
1984, PCP was discovered in nearby residential wells that people use as a source of
drinking water. Approximately 10,650 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site.
These people also depend on groundwater as their source of drinking water. The site
is within 1 mile of the nearest water supply well, and there are other water supply wells
within 3 miles of the site. Contamination of groundwater from site-related chemicals
extends 2 miles to the south.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, and soil contain PCP, dioxins, furans,
creosote, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals
including copper, chromium, and arsenic. Potential health risks include
drinking contaminated surface water or groundwater or touching or
accidentally ingesting contaminated soils. However, residents in this
contaminated area currently receive an alternate drinking water supply.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
71
continued
-------
HOPPERS COMPANY, INC. (ORQVILLE PLANT)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term
remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: Koppers has been providing an alternative water
supply to residents south of the site since 1986. The EPA directed
emergency actions between 1987 and 1988 to stabilize the site and
prevent contact with contaminants after a fire spread hazardous substances.
i
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination
completed a study of the site in 1989. The EPA used the results of this
study to select the following methods to address site contamination: (1)
removing and treating contaminated groundwater; (2) treating some of the
contaminated soil in place; (3) excavating and treating some of the soil; (4) capping the
wood treating area; (5) providing another water supply to those with contaminated
wells; (6) installing a system to remove contaminated groundwater off site;'(7) treating
contaminated groundwater with a carbon adsorption process; and (8) discharging
treated groundwater to the aquifer with injection wells. Approximately 350,000 cubic
yards of soil will be cleaned up at the site. In 1990, the potentially responsible parties
are scheduled to begin designing the cleanup actions. Final cleanup activities are
scheduled to begin in 1991.
Site Facts: In 1982, the State issued an order to Koppers to cease operations at the
the site. In 1986, the EPA and Koppers signed a Consent Order, which required the
company to conduct a study into the nature and extent of contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply has greatly reduced the potential of exposure
to contaminated drinking water and soil at the Koppers Company site while;final
cleanup activities are being planned.
72
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LAWRENCE LIV
LABORATORY (U
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CA2890012584
Site Description
REGION 9
urRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Alameda County
Livermore
The 1-square-mile Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) site is an active
multi-program research laboratory operated by the University of California for the U.S.
Department of Energy. A number of operations at LLNL handle, generate, or manage
hazardous materials that include radioactive wastes. Hazardous waste treatment
activities are carried out on site. The site was first used as a Naval Air Station in the
1940s. In 1951, it was transferred to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and
established as a nuclear weapons and magnetic fusion energy research facility. In
1984, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) issued an Order for
Compliance to LLNL to provide alternative water supplies to residents west of the
facility, whose wells had been contaminated by hazardous substances from LLNL.
Another NPL site, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Site 300), is located 15
miles east of LLNL. There are approximately 50,000 people living within a 2-mile radius
of the site. Private potable wells exist near the site. .
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date:'07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Both on- and off-site groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and freon. Fuel hydrocarbons and tritium appear only
in wells on site. Soil excavated from the site was contaminated with
solvents, radioactive wastes, heavy metals, poly chlorinated biphenyls
{PCBs), and fuel hydrocarbons. Soils remaining on site contain VOCs,
PCBs, fuel hydrocarbons, and inorganic substances. People may face a
health threat if they ingest or touch contaminated water or soil.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
73
continued
-------
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE LABORATORY (USDOE)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Initial actions included excavation and removal !of 4,000
cubic yards of contaminated soil from several waste disposal pits to
certified off-site disposal sites and closure of an inactive '/anc//y7/,with ''
subsequent removal of approximately 14,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil.
Entire Site: In 1989, one of two proposed on-site pilot treatment facilities
began treating groundwater contaminated with VOCs using an ultraviolet,
light/hydrogen peroxide treatment technology. Additionally, LLNL began a
pilot treatment study on a major gasoline spill area on site. The study has shown
positive results using a cleanup process known as vacuum-induced venting. The
second facility will begin operating on a test basis in 1990. Contaminated groundwater
from off site will be pumped to these facilities as well. An investigation into the extent
and type of contamination is currently under way. The investigation is scheduled for
completion in 1992 and will include recommendations for cleanup alternatives.
*Site Facts: In 1984, the CDHS issued an Order for Compliance to LLNL to provide
alternative water supplies and investigate groundwater quality at LLNL. In 1987, the
California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) issued an order directing
LLNL to investigate and clean up the on-and off-site contamination. In 1988, LLNL
signed an InteragencyAgreementwith the EPA, the CDHS, and the CRWQCB to
address contamination on and off site. ,
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil, provision of alternate drinking water supplies, and
use of groundwater treatment systems have greatly reduced the potential of exposure
to contaminated materials at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (USDOE) site while
studies and cleanup activities are taking place. ;
74
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LAWRENCE LIVE!
NATIONAL LABO
(SITE 300) (USDO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA2890090002
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
San Joaquin County
15 miles east of Livermore
The 11-acre Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Site 300) was developed in the
1950s as a research facility. It is now operated by the University of California for the
U.S. Department of Energy as a high-explosives and materials testing site in support of
nuclear weapons research. Approximately 350 people who work in the area are
provided with potable water from groundwater in the area. Most of these are lab
employees and State employees who work in a nearby State vehicular recreation area.
Site Responsibility: his site is being addressed through
Federal actions. ,
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Threats and Contaminants
"XV
II
Groundwater and soil have been contaminated with solvents and other
volatile organic compounds (VOGs). Groundwater also contains tritium.
The primary potential health threat is drinking contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
75
continued
-------
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY (SITE 30O) (USDOE)
Response Action Status
Entire Site: A site investigation is currently being conducted under the
facility's Environmental Restoration Program. A remedy selection is
planned in 1991, and cleanup activities are scheduled to begin soon
thereafter. i
Environmental Progress
After proposing this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory (Site 300) while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities
are being planned.
A
76
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LIQUID GOL
CORP.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAT000646208
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
Contra Costa County
Richmond
The Liquid Gold Oil Corp. site consists of approximately 18 acres of a 29-acre property
owned by Southern Pacific Transportation (SPT)'. Originally, a major portion of the
property was marshland that was reclaimed in the 1940s and 1950s. SPT leased
approximately 3 acres of the site to an asphalt manufacturing plant and later to a waste
oil storage and transfer facility that operated under the name of Liquid Gold Oil
Corporation, In 1982, Liquid Gold Oil ceased operation and left several deteriorating
buildings and 27 storage tanks of various sizes on the site. Currently, the site is
inactive with the exception of a pistol firing range. Improper handling and disposal
practices have resulted,in soil and groundwater contamination. The population within 1
mile is approximately 7,000, and an estimated 92,000 people live within 4 miles of the
site. There are public wells within 1/2 mile of the site, and nine private wells within 3
miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with lead, nickel, chromium,
copper, and zinc. Soil also contains polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
People may be exposed to a health risk if they swallow or touch
contaminated groundwater or soil.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
n
continued
-------
LIQUID GOLD OIL CORP.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term rehnedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. i
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In response to inspections and regulatory actions, some
surface soil was removed in 1974, liquid waste and soil from a drainage
area and holding pond were removed in 1980, leaking storage tanks were
removed in 1982 and 1983, and drums were removed in 1984. During November and
December of 1989, a wooden building containing lead was demolished and disposed,
roofing materials containing asbestos were disposed, non-hazardous wastes such as
wooden pallets and stacked timber were removed, and approximately 655 cubic yards
of soil from various on-site areas were also excavated and removed. ;
Entire Site: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination is
currently under way by the potentially responsible party, under State
monitoring. When completed, currently scheduled for 1990, the study will
recommend various site cleanup remedies from which the EPA will select the final
cleanup actions. i
Environmental Progress
The removal of the contaminated soil, liquid waste, and leaking storage tanks and the
demolition and removal of the building have reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the Liquid Gold Oil Corp. site while studies and cleanup
activities are taking place.
78
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LORENTZ H
DRUM CO.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD029295706
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Santa Clara County
SanJose
Site Description
The Lorentz family began a drum recycling operation at the 5 1/2-acre Lorentz Barrel &
Drum Co. (LB&D) site in 1947. Drums containing residual aqueous wastes, organic
solvents, ac/ds, oxidizers, caustic residues, and oils were received for recycling. During
the early years of operation, portions of the site were also leased to other companies.
Between 1950 and 1978, a drainage ditch north of the drum processing building carried,
process wastes to a large sump and other ponding areas on site. Prior to 1968, wastes
from the sump were discharged to a storm drain system. Sometime between 1968
and 1971, the discharge was diverted to a sanitary sewer, and investigations indicate
that this discharge occurred until 1984. After this time, liquid wastes were evaporated,
drummed, and disposed of as hazardous waste along with incinerator ash, residual
liquids, and sludge. Subsequent surface runoff was collected and recycled in a drum
wash. Since 1981, several investigations have revealed soil and groundwater
contaminated with heavy metals, organics, and polychlorinated biphenyls (RGBs). The
facility was closed in 1987. Drums, stored hazardous materials, and highly
contaminated soil have been removed from the site. Since 1988, the site has been
partly covered to prevent surface water infiltration, contaminated surface water runoff,
and airborne dispersion of contaminated material. This is one of 28 sites in the South
Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic
chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common
groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA
intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide
approach to the contamination. The closest residence is approximately 1/5 mile from
the site. Approximately 250,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The site
lies directly above a major source of potable groundwater in the San Francisco Bay
area, with three public water supply well fields within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Soil contains PCBs, heavy metals including cadmium
and lead, and pesticides. People may face a health risk if they swallow or
touch contaminated groundwater, soil, or leachate.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
79
continued
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LORENTZ BARREL & DRUM CO.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two \oncj-term
remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988, the California Department of Health
Services and the EPA removed 25,000 drums and 3,000 cubic yards of
contaminated soil. Also, most of the site area was paved.
Entire Site: An investigation currently is under way to determine the
extent and type of contamination at the site. At the conclusion of the
investigation, scheduled for 1990, recommendations will be made for final
cleanup actions at the site.
Groundwater: Cleanup remedies were selected in 1988 that included an
on-site groundwater pump and treatment system using an ozone/
ultraviolet process for organic removal and ion exchange for nickel
removal, with discharge of treated water to a local creek. In 1989, a small
scale pilot study was conducted to test treated water for its toxicity to freshwater
organisms to determine the necessary cleanup levels for nickel. :
Site Facts: The California Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a Cleanup and
Abatement Order in 1983. A group of 11 potentially responsible parties signed a
Consent Decree in 1990 to design, construct, and operate a shallow groundwater
extraction and treatment system using an ultraviolet/oxidation technology. They are
currently conducting optimization studies. :
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and contaminated soil has greatly reduced the potential of
exposure to contaminated materials at the Lprentz Barrel and Drum Co. site while
further studies and cleanup activities are taking place. ;
80
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LOUISIANA-P
CORPORATIO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD065021594
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Butte County
South of Oroville
Alias:
Georgia Pacific
The Louisiana-Pacific Corp. site consists of two pieces of property that are 1/2 mile
apart: a wood processing plant of 100 acres and a 115-acre landfill. Georgia-Pacific
Corporation built the plant in 1969 and operated it until 1973, when the Louisiana-
Pacific (L-P) Corp. assumed plant ownership and operation. In 1978, the California Solid
Waste Management Board approved a permit for L-P to operate the landfill. The plant
is made up of the following components: Log Deck and Log Deck Pond, a sawmill, a
kiln dryer, the Planing Mill, a hardboard plant, wood particle,storage areas, a boiler,
wells, and landfills. Prior to 1980, wastewater from the hardboard plant's glue kitchen
was discharged to an unlined pond at the site. Wastewater is now recycled. In 1973,
high levels of pentachlorophenol (PCP) were discovered in nearby residential wells. By
1983, the groundwater contaminant plume extended 1 1/2 miles south of the
neighboring Koppers Company Inc. wood treating plant (another NPL site).
Approximately 10,650 people live within 3 miles of the site and use groundwater as a
source of drinking water. Site-related chemicals have contaminated the shallow aquifer
beneath the plant and possibly the deeper regional aquifer beneath the landfill. Feather
River is located'approximately 1/2 mile east of the site.
Site Responsibility: ynjs site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
- Threats and Contaminants
Dust samples showed contamination with PCP, formaldehyde, and other
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Groundwater is contaminated with
PCP, ether, arsenic, and formaldehyde. Contaminants found in sediments
are PCP, anthracene, dioxins, furans, heavy metals, and polynudear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs). Surface water contains PCP, ether, and
heavy metals including arsenic, boron, copper, and lead. The only current
health risk is inhalation of air emissions from the hardboard plant.
Potential future exposures that pose a health threat are ingestion or
inhalation of vapors from contaminated groundwater at the plant and
landfill, or accidental ingestion of surface soil at the plant.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
81
continued
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LOUISIANA-PACIFIC CORPORATION
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the groundwater and soil. '
Response Action Status
Groundwater and Soil: The EPA's proposed plan for addressing
groundwater and soil contamination is for well permit restrictiqns to be
imposed to prevent the use of groundwater in the shallow aquifer beneath
the site, implementation of deed restrictions, control of site access, and continued
monitoring of groundwater to verify that contaminants remain at safe levels. The EPA
is expected to make its selection of the final site remedies in late 1990.
i Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Louisiana Pacific site while
studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
82
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MARCH
FORCE BABE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA4570024527
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 36
Riverside County
Located near Riverside
Site Description
The 7,000-acre March Air Force Base has been used for aircraft maintenance and
repair, refueling operations, and training activities and has been in operation since 1918.
The Air Force conducted a preliminary investigation of 39 potentially contaminated
areas on base which included three fire training areas, seven inactive landfills,
underground solvent storage tanks, an engine test cell, and spills. Significant
contamination was found at 7 of the 39 areas. Three regions of. groundwater
contamination beneath the base were identified and a well on the base was shut down
in 1984. Groundwater contamination has migrated to wells located off base.
Approximately 11,600 people obtain drinking water from municipal wells within 3 miles
of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Soils contain VOCs and heavy metals. Potential health threats may exist
for individuals who accidentally ingest contaminated soils and
groundwater. However, the off-site wells with contamination at levels
that exceed state drinking water standards were shut down, and the
private well owners have been provided with bottled drinking water since
the contamination was discovered. The wells on the base were closed in
1988, and drinking water is being purchased from Eastern Municipal
Water District.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
83
continued
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MARCH AIR FORCE BASE
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988, the Air Force closed all contaminated wells
on and off site. Affected residents off site were provided withlbottled
water. People on site are provided water through the municipal water
system. I ..
Entire Site: In 1986, the Air Force initiated an investigation to Determine
the type and extent of contamination site-wide. In 1989, activities
supporting design of a system to remove trichloroethylene (TCjE) from
groundwater began. Design of the technologies and the actual cleanup
work is scheduled to begin in 1990. Construction of a contaminated groundwater
interception and treatment system, pumping and disposal of free product beneath a
fueling system, removal of abandoned underground storage tanks, and contaminated
soil removal are also scheduled for 1990. I
Site Facts: This site is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP), a
federally funded Department of Defense (DOD) program established to identify,
investigate, and control hazardous waste on military installations.
Environmental Progress
Providing an alternate water supply to affected residents eliminates the potential of
exposure to contaminated drinking water and continues to protect residents near the
March Air Force Base site until planned cleanup activities are completed, i
84
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MATHER AIR
BASE (AC &
DISPOSAL SIT
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA8570024143
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Sacramento County
12 miles east of Sacramento
Alias:
AC &W Site
Site Description
The Mather Air Force Base (MAFB) site was originally built in 1918 and operated as a
school to train pilots. In 1922, the Federal Government closed the facility, reopened it
in the early 1930s, and had allowed it to remain an active facility. Its current mission is
to train navigators and support the Strategic Air Command, which includes maintaining
aircraft and other related equipment. Disposal or spillage of hazardous materials atx
MAFB has contaminated 34 areas. The major areas of contamination appear to be
concentrated in three of these areas: the 7100 Disposal Area, the Aircraft Control and
Warning (ACW) Disposal Area, and the West Ditch. The 7100 Disposal Area is located
along the southwestern boundary of the base. The site was originally a borrow pit that
was excavated in 1953. From 1953 to 1966, this site received petroleum, oil, and
lubricant wastes that probably contained trichloroethylene (TCE) from industrial shops
on the base. Other wastes disposed of at this location include sludge from plating
shop dip tanks/oil and solvent absorbents, paint chips, waste paints and thinners, and
transformer fluid contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The ACW
Disposal Area is located on the eastcentral part of the base between family housing and
the aircraft alert apron (a paved area where aircraft are kept on stand-by status). From
1960 to 1966, waste solvents and oils, possibly including PCBs and TCE, were poured
down an underground pipe. The West Ditch is located along the road of the base's
western perimeter, This unlined drainage ditch receives storm drainage from much of
the base. In 1967, an oil skimmer that received waste oils and solvents (probably TCE)
was installed adjacent to the ditch. The skimmer overflowed and spilled into the ditch.
Also, many of the floor drains from shops around the base are connected to the storm
sewer that enters the West Ditch. Waste oils and solvents from the shops may have
entered the West Ditch through the floor drains and sewer system. The shallow
groundwater in these three areas of the base is contaminated and domestic off-base
wells contain elevated levels of TCE. A drinking water well at the ACW site became
contaminated with TCE and was shut down in 1979. Also, sediments from the 7100
and ACW Disposal areas are contaminated with TCE. Sediments in the West Ditch are
contaminated with TCE and benzene. Housing on the base is located southwest of the
ACW Disposal Area. Private residences are located approximately 1/3 mile west of the
West Ditch area. Approximately 10,000 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site,
and approximately 60,000 people within a 3-mile radius of the site depend on
groundwater for their main drinking supplies.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE. SITES
85
continued
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MATHER AIR FORCE BASE (AC & W DISPOSAL SITE)
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soil, and sediments contain various VOCs including TCE
and benzene. People could be exposed to hazardous chemicals from the
site by swallowing, inhaling, or touching contaminated groundwater or
soil. . i -
Cleanup Approach -
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status ;
Immediate Actions: In 1989, MAFB provided a permanent alternate
drinking water supply to all homes and businesses along Happy Lane.
Additional water connections were installed in homes along Old Placerville
Road. Also, MAFB excavated 27 underground storage tanks that were leaking and
tested the soils under them.
Entire Site: In 1989, MAFB began a study of the nature and extent of the
contamination on and off site. The study includes deep boreholes, deep
and shallow wells, soil organic vapor (SOV) surveys, several soil borings,
and comprehensive soil and groundwater sampling. A comprehensive water level
measurement and groundwater sampling program began in 1989 and will continue for
at least two years. This work will directly lead to an evaluation of the alternative
methods for treating the groundwater and addressing soil contamination. MAFB
expects to complete this work in 1993. ;
Site Facts: Mather Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program (IRP), which is a Department of Defense program established to identify and
evaluate its hazardous waste sites and to control the movement of hazardous
contaminants from these sites. MAFB signed an Interagency Agreement with the EPA
and the State in 1989 to address on- and off-site contamination. I
Environmental Progress
Providing an alternate water supply to affected residents has eliminated the potential of
exposure to contaminated drinking water and continues to protect residents near the
Mather Air Force Base site while studies are being conducted and cleanup iactions are
being planned. :
86
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MCCLELLAN AI
BASE (GROUND
WATER CONTAM
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA4570024337
Site Description
REGION 9
NGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Sacramento County
iniles northeast of Sacramento
The 2,952-acre McClellan Air Force Base (MAFB) site was established in 1936 and
operates today as an Air Force Logistics Command Base with a primary mission of
management, maintenance, and repair of aircraft, electronics, and communication
equipment. The operation and maintenance of aircraft have involved the use, storage,
and disposal of hazardous materials including industrial solvents, caustic cleansers, low
level radioactive wastes, and a variety of fuel oils and lubricants. Approximately 170
waste areas and potential release locations have been identified and have been divided
into 12 subsites. Approximately 22,800 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site.
The closed municipal well served 23,000 people. .
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions. .
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, sludge, and soil have been contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). People may face a health risk if they swallow
or touch these contaminants. People may also be at risk if they eat foods
containing accumulated contaminants or if they inhale contaminated dust.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-te'rm
remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site, the area B plume, the area D
sources, and the groundwater.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
87
continued
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MCCLELLAN AIR FORCE BASE (GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION)
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Contaminated soil has been removed and disposed
of from Area D (located in the northwestern area of the base) and an 11-
acre cap was constructed. A groundwater extraction system to control the
plume at Area D was also constructed. A groundwater treatment plant was
constructed to treat extracted groundwater. An alternative water supply w^s provided
to 548 residences with hookups to City and County water supplies. A carbon filtration
system was installed for base well 18. A groundwater extraction system was installed
in Area C. Building 666 was demolished and removed, and 59 underground storage
tanks were removed. i ' -
Entire Site: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination is
under way. At the conclusion of the investigation, recommendations for
final cleanup actions will be presented. '.
Area B Plume: An investigation into the extent and type of contamination
currently is under way. At the conclusion of the investigation, planned for
1995, recommendations for final cleanup actions will be presented.
Area D Sources: An investigation into the extent and type of ' '
contamination sources is under way. At the conclusion of the investigation
in 1996, recommendations for alternatives for final cleanup will be
presented. The Air Force plans to conduct soil gas treatability studies as part of this
study. , i
Groundwater: An investigation into the extent and type of groundwater
contamination throughout the site currently is under way. At the
conclusion of the investigation, expected in 1996, recommendations for
final cleanup activities will be presented. :
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA, the California Department of Health Services, and the Air
Force signed three Interagency Agreements. A Groundwater Task Force consisting of
representatives of the Air Force, local, State and Federal agencies, and the public
serves an advisory role and as a public forum. McClellan Air Force Base is participating
in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP), the specially funded program established
in 1978 under which the Department of Defense has been identifying and evaluating its
past hazardous waste sites and controlling the migration of hazardous contaminants
from these sites. i
Environmental Progress
The removal and disposal of contaminated soil and underground tanks, the capping of
the northwest area of the base, and the installation and operation of a groundwater
extraction system have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants; from the
McClellan Air Force Base site. Providing an alternate water supply eliminates the
potential of exposure to contaminated drinking water and continues to protect area
residents while studies are taking place and final site cleanup activities are being
planned.
88
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MCCOLL
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD98049869
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 39
Orange County
Fullerton
Alias:
Ramparts & Los Coyotes Tracts
Site Description
The McColl site is an inactive waste disposal facility covering 20 acres/The site
consists of two distinct areas: (1) the Ramparts, Which is in the eastern portion of the
site and is surrounded by developed property and residences; and (2) the Los Coyotes
Area, which is in the western portion and underlies a part of the Los Coyotes Country,
Club Golf Course. The Ramparts area consists of 6 sumps which contained
approximately 38,300 cubic yards of waste, and the Los Coyotes area consists of 6
sumps which contained approximately 34,300 cubic yards of waste. The best estimate
of contaminated materials volume for the McColl Site is 97,100 cubic yards (72,600
cubic yards of waste and 24,500 cubic yards of contaminated soil). The refinery waste
consists primarily of an acidic sludge by-product of refined aviation fuel. Attempts were
made, in 1951 and 1952, to cover the waste sumps in Lower Ramparts by depositing
drilling mud and, in some areas, soil-based fill materials. The Los Coyotes area was
covered in 1960 with soil to construct the Los Coyotes Golf Course. In 1968, homes
were built in the area. Subsequently, complaints from residents near the site about
odors and health problems initiated investigations by local, State, and Federal agencies.
The Ramparts area was covered in 1983 by a temporary liner. Access to the site'is
restricted by a fence and a security guard. There are more than 6,700 people living
within 3 miles of the site. The distance from the site to the nearest residence is less
than 100 yards.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Air sampling has detected various volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
Groundwater on site has been contaminated with heavy metals, VOCs;
and inorganic chemicals. At several on-site locations, sulfuric acid has
been indicated in the petroleum-based mud. On-site soil sampling
identified arsenic and VOCs. People may face a health risk from touching
contaminated soil or inhaling soil gas emissions. They may also be at risk
from swallowing, inhalating, or touching contaminated groundwater.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
89
continued
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MCCOLL
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: initial actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and the groundwater. ;
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: On two occasions, the EPA stabilized a capped sludge pit
that periodically leaked and removed the sludge to an off-site landfill.
Entire Site: In 1984, a cleanup remedy including excavation and re-
disposal of the wastes at an approved disposal facility was selected.
Groundwater monitoring wells were installed on site and were sampled to
determine whether groundwater had been contaminated by the soil. A
court injunction in 1985 stopped the transfer of the contaminated soil. In response to
this injunction, the EPA has conducted various treatability studies including; rotary kiln
incineration, low temperature thermal extraction, solvent extraction, and a trial
excavation of the waste itself. '
Groundwater: Monitoring well samples taken in 1987 indicated
contaminants in the waste may have leached into the groundwater. In
addition to the monitoring wells and preliminary sampling, theiEPA will
initiate an extensive investigation, scheduled for 1990, to determine the extent of
groundwater contamination and to identify the final cleanup actions. i
Soil: An investigation is under way to determine the extent and type of
contamination for the soil not transfered due to a court injunction. At the
completion of the investigation, planned for 1991, alternatives for the
cleanup of the soil will be selected.
Environmental Progress
The removal of sludge to an off-site landfill has greatly reduced the potential of
exposure to contaminated sludge at the McColl site while further studies and cleanup
activities are taking place. I
90
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MGM BRAK
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD000074120
Site Description
REGIONS
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Sonoma County
. Cloverdale
The MGM Brakes facility has manufactured and cast brake comppnents for large motor
vehicles at this 5-acre site since 1965. From 1965 until 1972, hydraulic fluids containing
polychlofinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used to cast the brakes. Wastewater containing
PCBs was then discharged into a field south of the plant. The company also discharged
wastewaters containing ethylene glycol on site from 1972 until 1981. The ethylene
glycol reacts with water to make it easy for PCBs already in the ground to travel rapidly
over wide areas. In 1981, the California RegionalWater Quality Control Board
(CRWQCB) discovered PCB in the soils of the open field and in the casting plant. The
State ordered the company to stop all discharge activity and to investigate the nature
and extent of contamination. Runoff from the site drains into Icaria Creek, which is a
tributary to the Russian River. Intakes on the river 1 mile from the site supply drinking
water to Marin and Sonoma Counties. The river also supplies water to farms in the
area for irrigating crops. Approximately 4,280 people live in the surrounding community
of Cloverdale. There are 40 homes within 1/2 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Air contains PCBs. The concrete slab in the casting building on site
contains PCBs. Groundwater on and off site and surface water runoff are
contaminated with PCBs. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)were
detected in groundwater off site. Soil on and off site contains PCBs and
xylenes. People could be exposed to hazardous chemicals from the site
by inhaling contaminants in the air; swallowing contaminated groundwater
or surface water; or touching contaminated surface water, groundwater,
or soils. Drainage possibly containing PCBs from the ditch flows into
Icaria Creek and into the Russian River during periods of heavy rainfall.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
91
continued
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MGM BRAKES
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site. ;
Response Action Status I
Entire Site: In 1981, the CRWQCB ordered MGM Brakes to ?tudy the
nature and extent of PCB contamination at the site. The company
completed its study in 1983, and the EPA used the results to recommend
alternative methods for cleaning up the site. The EPA conducted a second
study of the site in 1988 and selected the following alternatives to address
contamination at the site: (1) excavate approximately 15,000 cubic yards of soil
contaminated with high levels of PCBs and dispose of it off site; (2) fill, grade the
excavated area, and plant with vegetation; (3) pump and treat contaminated
groundwater to remove PCBs and VOCs, then discharge to the local wastewater
treatment system; and (4) monitor groundwater off site and, if necessary, treat it. The
company plans to start the design of the proposed alternative in 1990.
!
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA entered into a Consent Decree with MGM Brakes in
which the company has agreed to design and construct the remedy selected by the
EPA. !
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at MGM Brakes while further
studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
92
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MODESTO
GROUNDWAT
CONTAMINATI
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD981997752
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Stanislaus County
Modesto
The City of.Modesto began monitorjng groundwater at this site in 1984 and found 12 of
24 wells tested were contaminated. Municipal Well #11 was found to be contaminated
with tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and was taken out of service. Well #11 is one of 35
municipal wells in the City of Modesto and contributes to the city's municipal water
service. In 1988, monitoring indicated contaminants were no longer present, and the
well was placed back in service. A private well. Elk's Club Well, is being closed,
because of contamination. The California Department of Health Services and the
Stanislaus County Environmental Health Department have identified Halford's Cleaners
as a likely source of contamination. The operation is located less than 1/2 mile
southeast and upgradient of Municipal Well #11. The agencies found PCE in
subsurface soil at Halford's during the excavation of a cement slab that supported dry
cleaning equipment. In addition, the cleaner's discharge to the sewer was
contaminated. The Modesto municipal water supply serves approximately 142,000
people. The nearest residence is within 25 feet of the well.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with PCE. People may face a
health risk if they swallow, inhale, or touch contaminated groundwater or
soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
93
continued
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MODESTO GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Monitoring wells are being installed to help determine the
type and extent of contamination. At the conclusion of the investigation
being conducted, which is expected in 1992, alternative remedies for
cleanup of the site will be recommended. :
Environmental Progress
The EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that no immediate
actions were required at the Modesto Groundwater Contamination site while further
studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
94
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AIR STATIC
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA2170090078
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
10 miles north of San Jose
Alias:
Naval Air Station Moffett Field
The 1,500-acre Moffett Naval Air Station site provides aircraft maintenance operations
in support of anti-submarine patrol. There are 19 areas identified by the Navy on the
station, with four areas being clusters of underground tanks or samps within a
geographic area. Other areas include two landfills and operational areas which led to
spills or releases into the environment. Hazardous materials from aircraft maintenance
and base operations that were disposed of on-base have caused soil, sediment, and
groundwater contamination. Materials disposed of include solvents, caustics, acids,
polychlorinated biphenyls (RGBs), and aviation fuels. The closest residence is 2,000
feet from the site. Approximately 272,000 people depend on wells within 3 miles of
the station as a source of drinking water. Private and public wells are in use within 3/4
miles of the site. The estuarine wetlands of San Francisco Bay are adjacent to the
base.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/10/85
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil contain various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
People who touch or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or soil
may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
95
continued
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MOFFETT NAVAL AIR STATIOM
Response Action Status ,
Initial Actions: The evaluation and closure of abandoned wells that may
be potential conduits for subsurface cross-contamination have been
initiated.
i.
Entire Site: In 1989, the Navy began a thorough investigation to
determine the type and extent of contamination base-wide. Once the
investigation is completed, scheduled for 1993, measures will be
recommended to clean up each contaminated area. ' j
i . -
Site Facts: Moffett Naval Air Station is participating in the Installation Restoration
Program, which was established in 1978. Under this program, the Department of
Defense is identifying and evaluating its past hazardous waste sites and controlling the
migration of hazardous contaminants from these sites. :
Environmental Progress
The closure of abandoned wells reduced the potential migration of contaminated soil
into the groundwater at the Moffett Naval Air Station site while studies are taking place
and final cleanup activities are being planned.
96
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MONOLIT
MEMORIES
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD049236201
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Alliases:
Advanced Micro Devices
AMD-Arques
Monolithic Memories manufactures integrated circuits on this 20-acre site. The facility
consists of four buildings that were used for production, assembly, storage, offices, and
laboratories. In 1982, monitoring wells on the site were found to be contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Contamination probably resulted from leaking
pipes in solvent waste drains. The company has removed two subsurface waste
solvent tanks and two subsurface acid neutralization systems. In 1986, under the
direction of the State, the company began pumping and treating the groundwater to
contain the contaminant plume. The property was purchased by Advanced Micro
Devices (AMD) in 1987, and the company has assumed the ongoing activities. The
contaminant plume has merged with the National Semiconductor plume (located
immediately upgradientoi Monolithic). This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area of
San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily
chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common groundwater basin.
Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA intends to combine
cleanup^activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide approach to the
contamination. Approximately 300,000 people live within 3 miles of the site and
depend on groundwater as their source of drinking water. A medical clinic is adjacent
to the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People who touch or
drink contaminated groundwater may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
97
continued
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MONOLITHIC MEMORIES
Response Action Status ;
<*"' Immediate Actions: Pump and treat activities have been operating in the
groundwater aquifers since 1986.
Entire site: Monolithic Memories is conducting an investigation to
determine the type and extent of contamination at the site. Once this
investigation is completed in 1991, measures will be selected for site
' cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The pump and treat system has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated groundwater at the Monolithic Memories site while studies are taking
place and cleanup activities are being planned.
98
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MONTROSE
CHEMICAL C
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD008242711
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 27
Los Angeles County
Torrance
Site Description
The 13-acre Montrose Chemical Corp. site was the location of a plant that
manufactured the pesticide DDT from 1947 until 1982. Operations included
formulation, grinding, packaging, and distribution of the pesticide. Various locations
across the site were used for storage of either DDT or waste products. The area used
as a settling and recycling pond for process wastes was completely unlined until 1970,
when it was lined with concrete. In 1985, Montrose regraded and paved the site with
asphalt to reduce the further migration of contaminants until final cleanup at the site.
Approximately 3,000 people live or work within 1/4 mile of the site. The two upper
aquifers are contaminated, but neither is used as a source of drinking water. The
closest drinking water well is 2 miles southeast of the site and draws water from the
two deepest uncontaminated aquifers. Storm water flows from the site into the
Normandie Avenue Ditch, to the Kenwood Drain, to Torrance Lateral, Dominguez
Channel, Consolidated Slip, and finally, into Los Angeles Harbor.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL. LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 10/04/89
IV
Threats and Contaminants
Soils, surface water, and groundwater are contaminated with DDT and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Storm drain and sewer sediments
are contaminated with DDT. People living or working in an area with DDT
in the soil or dust may be exposed to the chemical in any of three .ways:
ingestion of contaminated soil, inhalation of contaminated dust, or
absorption through the skin by direct contact with contaminated soil. The
concentrations of DDT are not high enough to produce any immediate
health effects, but there is an increased risk of cancer for individuals
exposed to the contaminated dust or soil over a long period of time.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
99
continued
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MONTROSE CHEMICAL CORP.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term
remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. !
Response Action Status i
Immediate Action: In 1989, Montrose constructed a temporary asphalt
cover over the contaminated soil areas. \
Entire site: Montrose Chemical Corporation, under EPA monilioring, is
conducting an investigation to determine the nature and extent; of
contamination at the site. Once the investigations are completed,
scheduled for 1992, measures will be recommended for final sjte cleanup.
Part of this investigation is an environmental assessment of the sediments in the
sanitary sewer line that are contaminated with DDT. |
Site Facts: In 1983, the EPA issued an Administrative Order requiring Montrose
Chemical to cease all discharges of DDT and to initiate a study to determine the nature
and extent of contamination. In 1985, 1987, and 1989, the EPA and Montrose signed
additional orders requiring Montrose to expand its studies. !
Environmental Progress
The construction of the asphalt cover has reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated soil at the Montrose Chemical Corp. site while studies are taking place
and final cleanup activities are being planned. I
100
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NATIONAL
SEMICONDU
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD041472986
Site Description
REGIONS
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
P Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
The National Semiconductor Corp. manufactures electronic equipment at this 50-acre
site. Underground storage tanks, sumps, and pipes are suspected to be the source of
contaminated groundwater and soil. National Semiconductor has taken leaking tanks
out of service, instituted a program of pumping and treating the groundwater, and has
removed contaminated soil from selected areas of the facility. This is one of 28 sites in
the South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of
toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a
common groundwater basin; Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the
EPA intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide
approach to the contamination. Approximately 300,000 people live within 3 miles of
the site and depend on groundwater as a source of drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
There is significant contamination of soil and shallow groundwater by
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Trace amounts of one chlorinated
solvent have been detected in a municipal supply well located on site and
in the deeper aquifers. Water from this supply well is used to
supplement the city system on weekends only. Considering the low
concentration and the dilution with the rest of the city water when in use,
this water, is not of public health concern at its present level of
contamination. People who touch or accidentally ingest contaminated
groundwater or soil may be at risk.
'March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
101
continued
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NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, 36 cubic yards of soil and a waste solvent
tank were removed. Since 1982, approximately 400 cubic yards of
chemical-bearing soils have been removed. The company has begun a
program of pumping and treating the groundwater to contain the plume while site
studies are under way. ;
Entire site: In 1989, National Semiconductor began investigating the type
and extent of contamination at the site. Once the investigation is
completed, scheduled for 1991, the EPA will select the final remedies for
site cleanup. .. !
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and the operation of a groundwater pump and
treatment system have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contamination at
the National Semiconductor Corp. site while studies are taking place and final cleanup
activities are being selected.
102
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NE'
GROU^DWATEg
CONTAMINATED
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD981434517
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 36
San Bernardino County
San Bernardino .
Aliases:
North San Bernardino Muscoy Site
San Bernardino - Muscoy Area
The Newmark Groundwater Contamination site covers a portion of the contaminated
area of an essential groundwater aquifer underlying the City of San Bernardino.
Groundwater contamination from other sources in the Bunker Hill Basin Aquifer, such
as Norton Air Force Base to the south and Camp Ono/Muscoy to the southwest, are
not considered parts of this site. Although the disposal occurred in the late 1950s
through the mid-1960s, the problem was not discovered until a water supply
monitoring program was instituted in 1980. A plume of chlorinated solvents,
tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and trichloroethylene (TCE) closed 13 water supply wells
within a 4-mile radius of the site. The State brought ten of the wells back into operation
by installing air stripping towers with carbon filtration emission Controls on eight wells
and a carbon filtration system on the other two. More than 25% of the municipal water
supply for the City of San Bernardino's 150,000 residents has been affected by the
advancing contamination plume. The City of Riverside (250,000 people) relies on wells
downgradientirom the Newmark contamination for approximately 75% of its total
water supply. The rapidly growing communities of Colton, Loma Linda, Fontana, Rialto
(approximately 115,000 people), and unincorporated areas also use water from wells
unprotected from the contamination. No alternative water sources are currently -
available.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including TCE
and PCE. People who touch or drink contaminated groundwater may
suffer adverse health effects.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
103
continued
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NEWMARK GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire site: The EPA is planning to begin an investigation in 1990 to
determine the type and extent of the groundwater contamination. Once
the investigation is completed, scheduled for 1992, remedies Will be
recommended for final site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Newmark Groundwater
Contamination site while studies and final cleanup activities are being planned.
104
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NORTON
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA'
EPA ID# CA4570024345
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 36
San Bernardino County
San Bernardino
Alias:
Area II Landfill
Site Description
The 2,036-acre Norton Air Force Base site began operations in 1942 and has served as
a major overhaul center for jet engines and the general repair of aircraft. The site
formerly had the responsibility for providing maintenance and logistics for liquid-fuel
intercontinental ballistic missiles. Past hazardous waste management practices may
have contributed to existing contamination problems throughout the base. The
practices include burial of drums and other unspecified materials; disposal of waste oils,
solvents, and paint residues into landfills, unlined pits, ponds, and drying beds; storage
in leaking underground tanks; and spills of gas, oils, solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), and acids. There are more than 20 areas of contamination on the base
including two landfills, six discharge areas, four chemical pits, a fire training area, a fuel
spill area, a PCB spill area, a chemical spill area, two waste storage areas, an
underground storage tank area, and a low level radioactive waste burial site. Well
water is used by approximately 11,000 people who live or work on the base.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains arsenic and various volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). Soil also is contaminated with VOCs, PCBs, and heavy metals
including chromium and copper. People who touch or accidentally ingest
contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk. However, drinking
water wells show no contamination.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term
remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site, the central base area, the
northeast area, and the Industrial Waste water Treatment Plant and golf course area.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SI
105
TES
continued
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NORTON AIR FORCE BASE
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the Air Force removed the Industrial
Wastewater Treatment Plant sludge drying beds. A well contaminated
with low levels of VOCs is being monitored. A pump and treat system is
being designed to act as a barrier to further migration of contaminants. In 1989, 25
underground storage tanks were removed.
1 Entire site: In 1989, the Air Force began a thorough investigation of
contamination throughout the entire base. Once the investigation is
completed, scheduled for 1995, measures will be recommended for final
cleanup.
Central Base Area: In 1989, the Air Force began an investigation of the
central area of the base that is expected to be completed in 1991. This
investigation will determine the type and extent of contamination. At that
time, remedies for final cleanup of the North Central Area will be recommended.
Northeast Area: In 1989, the Air Force began an investigation !to
determine the nature and extent of contamination in the northeast area of
the base. Once this investigation is completed, scheduled for 1991,
measures will be recommended for cleanup.
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant and Golf Course Area: In
1989, the Air Force began an investigation of the Industrial Wastewater
Treatment Plant and golf course areas to determine the type ana1 extent of
contamination. Remedies will be recommended for final site cleanup when the
investigation is completed, scheduled for 1994. I
Site Facts: In 1986, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a
Cleanup and Abatement Order requiring Norton to clean the Industrial Wastewater
Treatment Plant Sludge Drying Beds. Norton Air Force Base is participating in the
Installation Restoration Program (IRP), which was established in 1978. Under this
program, the Department of Defense has been identifying and evaluating its past
hazardous waste sites and controlling the migration of hazardous contaminants from
these sites.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup of the sludge drying beds, the removal of underground storage tanks, and
the groundwater pump and treat system have reduced the potentialfor exposure to
contaminants at the Norton Air Force Base site while further studies are taking place
and cleanup activities are being planned.
106
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OPERATING
INDUSTRIE
LANDFILL
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAT080012024
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 30
Los Angeles County
Monterey Park
Alias:
Monterey Park Landfill
Site Description
Beginning in 1948, the 190-acre Operating Industries, Inc. Landfill site was operated by
the Monterey Park Disposal Company as a municipal landfill far the city. In 1952, the
site was purchased by Operating Industries, Inc. (Oil). The landfill was licensed to
accept various types of refuse including sludges from production of chrome oxide and
solids and tank bottom sludges from petroleum refining operations. In 1964, the State
purchased 28 acres of the land owned by Oil to construct the Pomona Freeway, which
divided the site into two sections. The North Parcel is 45 acres and the South Parcel is
approximately 145 acres. In 1983, Oil stopped accepting all liquid wastes; disposal of
all solid wastes ended in 1984. The landfill has a limited leachate collection system in
the South Parcel. Initially, the collected leachate was re-disposed into the landfill;
however, this action ceased in 1984. Currently, the leachate is temporarily stored on
site then trucked to an off-site treatment facility. Landfill gas monitoring and collection
systems were installed on the South and North Parcels. The EPA collected gas
samples in 1984 from an adjacent housing development that confirmed the presence of
methane and vinyl chloride in soils. Interior home samples contained low levels of
methane. In 1985, elevated levels of methane and vinyl chloride were detected in a
home adjacent to the landfill. Approximately 23,000 people live within 3 miles of the
site and 2.100 people live within 1,000 feet of the landfill.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
- Threats and Contaminants
I
Air, groundwater, soil, and leachate contain various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Potential health threats include breathing the gas or
touching or accidentally ingesting contaminated groundwater, soil, or
leachate. There is also the potential for an explosion or fire.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
107
continued
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OPERATING INDUSTRIES, INC. LANDFILL
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: emergency actions arid fourlongkerrn
remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site, leachate management, :
installation of a gas control system, and site control and monitoring. ;
&
Response Action Status j
Emergency Actions: The EPA fenced the site and posted a guard to keep
trespassers from coming into contact with hazardous substances. The
EPA has conducted a number of emergency actions including rehabilitation
of the main gas flare station, slope stability and erosion control improvements, surface
runoff and drainage improvements, and off-site trucking and treating of the leachate
collected at the site. Approximately 5,500,000 gallons of leachate have been collected.
Leachate Management: In 1987, the EPA decided to address the
contaminated leachate in the landfill by op-site treatment of leachate and
other collected hazardous liquids. A facility will be constructed on the site
and the treated effluent will be discharged to the Los Angeles County
Sanitation District Sewerage System. Under EPA monitoring, the potentially
responsible parties are designing the technical specifications for the leachate treatment
system. Once the design phase is completed, scheduled for 1991, cleanup actions will
begin.
Gas Control System: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to control the
gas in the landfill by: (1) installing landfill gas extraction wells along the
perimeter and on the top deck of the landfill; (2) installing shallow and deep
slope wells to control subsurface migration at the perimeter; (3) installing
landfill gas destruction facilities, new gas collection headers, and an automated control
station for the gas control system; (4) installing sumps to collect condensate from gas
headers; (5) installing leachate pumps in gas wells to dewater saturated zones; (6)
installing leachate sumps; and (7) installing a cap. The design and implementation of
the cleanup actions are scheduled to begin in 1990. ;
Site Control and Monitoring: In 1987, the EPA determined that repairs
to existing systems and preventive maintenance and improvements were
required to adequately control and monitor cleanup actions. Gas wells and
leachate pumping and collection will be monitored. The potentially
responsible parties are conducting the system improvements, under EPA monitoring.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA began a study to define the extent of
environmental problems throughout the site. After this study is
completed, scheduled for 1993, the EPA will select final remedies to clean
up the site. ;
Site Facts: In 1989, a Consent Decree was entered into by the EPA and over 100
companies that disposed of waste at the site. A number of these companies formed a
cooperative group, referred to as the Steering Committee, to address the :
contamination at the site.
continued
108
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OPERATING INDUSTRIES. INC. LANDFILL
Environmental Progress
The fencing of the site, removal of leachate, and other actions described above have
greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Operating
Industries, Inc. Landfill site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are
being planned.
109
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PACIFIC
PIPE LINES
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD980636781
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 20
Ventura County
Fillmore
Alias:
Fillmore Texaco Refinery
Site Description
From 1920 to 1952, the 100-acre Pacific Coast Pipe Line site was operated by Texaco ,
as an oil refinery. During this time, refinery wastes were deposited into eight unlined',
waste pits. The largest waste pit was on the west boundary of the site. In 1980,
Texaco requested permission from the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control
Board (LARWQCB) to use refinery wastes to resurface on-site service roadsl During
site investigations, the LARWQCB detected lead at the pump station site. Between
1981 and 1984, Texaco performed an environmental assessment of the site] Air, soil,
and groundwater were found contaminated with heavy metals and benzene.
Approximately 10,000 people obtain drinking water and as many as 4,000 acres of
agricultural land are irrigated from well within 3 miles of the site. The site is'secured by
a barbed wire fence. The Santa Clara River is within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
II
Air contains benzene. Groundwater is contaminated with benzene and
mercury. Arsenic and lead are present in the soil. People who touch or
accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
110
continued
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PACIFIC COAST PIPE LINES
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, Texaco excavated the main waste pit and
. smaller areas and transported the soil to a federally approved hazardous
waste storage facility.
Entire site: The EPA is investigating the nature and extent of the
contamination at the site. Once the investigation is completed in 1991,
measures will be recommended for site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The excavation of the main waste pit and the removal of the contaminated soil have
reduced-the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Pacific Coast Pipe site while
studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
111
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PURITY OIL
SALES, INC.
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD980736151
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 18
Fresno County
1/2 mile south of Fresno
The 7-acre Purity Oil Sales Inc. site operated as a used oil reprocessing facility from
1934 until 1974. The oil and by-products from the refining process were collected and
stored in sumps and storage tanks and were disposed of on site in sludge pits. Waste
oil sludge was used by local farmers for dust control, sent to the Orange County dump,
or buried on site in unlined pits and ponds. Contamination problems resulted from the
improper storage and disposal of wastes. Numerous surface spills occurred !during site
operations. In 1973, Purity Oil began to empty and backfill'the waste pits. Although
the waste pits were backfilled with construction debris, there is no evidence:that the
pits were emptied. In 1976, a fire at the site destroyed the main warehouse; building
and adjacent equipment. The remaining equipment was removed from the site, and
the area was partially regraded. Seven aboveground steel tanks are present on site.
The tanks are believed to have been used to store oil prior to reprocessing and during
the acidification process. One of the tanks has an exterior asbestos coating. Although
the tanks are not leaking severely, the steel on all of the tanks is rusting. All Buildings
have been removed from the site and the site has been fenced. By 1982, the site was
abandoned. Approximately 180 residents live in an adjacent trailer park. The Fresno
Aquifer, designated as a sole source aquifer, provides water for municipal, industrial,
and agricultural purposes, as well as for a number of private wells. A number of
properties in the area are not supplied with municipal water. Privately owned wells are
the sole source of water in this area. Some of these wells have been affected by site
contaminants. The site is located in the San Joaquin River drainage basin and the San
Joaquin River is 12 miles north of the Purity site. *
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and heavy metals including iron and manganese. Sediment
samples taken from the North Central Canal indicate the presence of lead.
Soils are contaminated with phenols, polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs),
pesticides, oil and grease, VOCs, and heavy metals including lead, copper,
and zinc. The contaminants identified in tank samples include PCBs,
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
112
continued
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PURITY OIL SALES, INC.
Threats and Contaminants Continued
pesticides, and heavy metals including lead and zinc. Touching
contaminated site soils may present a health threat. However, since the
site is already fenced, health problems associated with direct contact of
soils has been minimized. Other potential health threats to people include
the use of contaminated groundwater or surface water by residents or
workers or inhaling site dusts. ,
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on groundwater and tank cleanup and soil cleanup.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: During 1984, the site was covered with concrete to
reduce potential human contact with site wastes. In 1985, the EPA staged
and sampled drums, sampled pits and the area around the pits, and
subsequently removed 58 cubic yards of contaminated debris and soil from the railroad
property, transporting it for disposal at an approved hazardous waste storage facility.
Approximately 1,800 cubic yards of hazardous materials from two waste pits and
numerous surface seeps were shipped for disposal and 25,000 gallons of liquids from
an aboveground tank were removed. Sludge from the pits was solidified and the pits
were excavated and backfilled. In 1987, the EPA removed an additional 33,000 gallons
of oil and water from an on-site tank. The site was completely fenced in 1987.
Groundwater and Tanks: The EPA selected final cleanup remedies for
tank cleanup that include: (1) removal and off-site disposal of remaining
contaminated wastes in the tanks; (2) solidification of tank wastes prior to
off-site disposal, if necessary; and (3) cleaning, dismantling, and off-site
disposal of the tanks. The final cleanup remedies to address groundwater
contamination include: (1) use of extraction wells and on-site air stripping technology
for the removal of contaminants from the groundwater; and (2) use of a process known
as greensandto filter iron and manganese from the water. The groundwater that has
been treated will be disposed of using one or more of the following methods:
reinjection of groundwater into the aquifer; disposal into the North Central Canal; or
disposal into local infiltration basins. Groundwater will be monitored to verify
contaminant cleanup. An alternate water supply will be provided to affected private
well users northwest of the site. The EPA is scheduled to remove remaining tanks in
1990. The affected private well users northwest of the site will be hooked up to the
Malaga County Water District in 1991.
Soil: The EPA currently is conducting an investigation into the nature and
extent of soil contamination at the site. The investigation includes soil
treatability studies. The investigation will define the contaminants and
recommend alternatives for final soil cleanup. The investigation is planned to be
completed in 1990. The EPA is expected to choose the final remedy in 1991.
continued
113
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PURITY OIL SALES. INC.
Environmental Progress
The removal of hazardous materials and the fencing of the site have greatly reduced
the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Purity Oil Sales site while
studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
114
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RAYTHE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009205097
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Alias:
Raytheon Semi Conductor Division
Site Description
The Raytheon Corp. operates as a manufacturer of semiconductor products on this 30-
acre site. The Intel Corp. site, the Fairchild Semiconductor site, and this site are being
cleaned up simultaneously. All three sites are located in the Middlefield/Ellis/Whisman
(MEW) study area. Various industrial activities conducted in the area of the site include
semiconductor manufacturing, metal finishing operations, parts cleaning, aircraft
maintenance, and other activities requiring the use, storage, and handling of a variety of
chemicals, particularly solvents. Site investigations at several of these facilities during
1981 and 1982 revealed significant contamination from toxic chemicals, primarily
volatile organic compounds A/OCs), in soil and groundwater. The primary causes of the
contamination were leaking storage tanks and lines and poor management practices.
Most of the site runoff is intercepted by a storm drain system and discharged to an off-
site creek. This site is one of 28 in the South Bay Area of San Francisco that
contaminates a common groundwater basin. Approximately 270,000 people within 3
miles of the site depend on groundwater as a source of drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater beneath the site arid site soils are contaminated primarily
with VOCs. Potential health threats to people include drinking of
contaminated groundwater, accidental ingestion of contaminated soils,
and touching contaminated groundwater and soils.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
115
continued
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RAYTHEON CORP.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Cleanup activities currently being conducted at the site by the
potentially responsible parties include tank removals, well sealing, soil
removal and treatment, construction of slurry walls around contaminated
soil areas, and treatment of local groundwater. The finalcleanup
technologies to address groundwater contamination are extraction and treatment of
groundwater. Extracted groundwater will be treated by air stripping lowers. Emission
controls by granular activated carbon may be required. The treated groundwater will be
reused and the water that cannot be reused will be discharged to local streams. This
cleanup phase also includes the identification and sealing of any potential conduit wells.
Inward and upward hydraulic gradients will be maintained by pumping and treatment
inside the slurry walls. The aquifers within and adjacent to the constructed -slurry walls
will be monitored regularly. The selected cleanup technologies to address soil
contamination are in-place vapor extraction with treatment by vapor phase granular
activated carbon, and excavation with air treatment. Most of the vapor extraction will
take place within the slurry walls that contain the bulk of site soil contamination.
Several smaller areas outside of the slurry walls also will be cleaned by in-place vapor
extraction. Raytheon, a potentially responsible party, is preparing the technical
specifications and design for the selected groundwater and soil cleanup remedies
under EPA monitoring. Groundwater and soil cleanup activities are scheduled to begin
once the design phase is completed in 1990. !
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent to several
potentially responsible parties, including Raytheon Corporation. The Order required the
parties to conduct an investigation into the nature and extent of site contamination and
to recommend alternatives for final site cleanup. The EPA plans to enter into
negotiations with other parties that have contributed to contamination in the area.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and soil and the construction of slurry walls have greatly reduced
the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Raytheon Corp. site while
the design of additional cleanup activities is taking place.
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RIVERBANK
AMMUNITIO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA7210020759
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 18
Stanislaus County
.10 miles northeast of Modesto
Alias:
NI Industries Inc. Riverbank Pit
The 173-acre Riverbank Army Ammunition Plant site has been used to manufacture
materials including cartridge cases, grenades, and projectiles since reopening in 1951.
The site is comprised of the 145-acre main facility and four unlined industrial waste
treatment ponds in the flood plain of the Stanislaus River approximately 1 1/2 miles
north of the main facility. In 1942, the Aluminum Company of America constructed the
site plant as an aluminum reduction plant to supply the military. The plant closed in
1944 and reopened in 1951 with Norris Industries, Inc. as the operating contractor. As
a result of industrial activities, the site has generated corrosive wastes, solvents, and
wastewater containing heavy metals. Reportedly, significant levels of contaminants,
including chromium and cyanide/have migrated into groundwater close to or beyond
the installation boundary. Studies have also determined that sediments in the waste
treatment ponds contain elevated levels of zinc. Overflows from the ponds have
dumped into the Stanislaus River, and the river has occasionally overflowed into the
ponds during periods of flooding. Approximately 13,700 people obtain drinking water
from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site, and at least 3,500 acres of nut
and fruit orchards are partially irrigated by groundwater. The Stanislaus River is used
for irrigation and recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with chromium and cyanide. Sediments in
the waste treatment ponds contain zinc. Potential health threats to
people include touching contaminated groundwater and sediments,
drinking contaminated groundwater, and accidentally ingesting
contaminated sediments.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
117
continued
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RIVERBANK ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: When chromium contamination was found in off-
post domestic supply wells, the Army replaced those wells with deeper
wells. An interim groundwater treatment system is under construction.
The Army also is looking at alternatives to clean up the sediments in the evaporation/
percolation ponds. ,
Entire Site: The Army currently is conducting an investigation into the
nature and extent of site contamination. The investigation will define the
contaminants and recommend alternatives for the final site cleanup. The
investigation is planned to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: The Riverbank Army Ammunition Depot is participating in the federally
funded Installation Restoration Program (IRP), under which the Department of Defense
(DOD) has been identifying, investigating, and controlling hazardous waste on military
installations.
Environmental Progress
The replacement of the drinking water wells and the construction of a groundwater
treatment system have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated
groundwater at the Riverbank Army Ammunition Plant site while studies are taking
place and cleanup activities are being planned. '.
118
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SACRAMENT
ARMY DEPOT
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA0210020780
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Sacramento County
Sacramento
The 485-acre Sacramento Army Depot site is a supply depot primarily responsible for
the receipt, storage, issuance, maintenance, and disposal of electronics supplies. The
Sacramento Army Depot was established in 1945. Wastes from metal-plating
operations, spray booth operations, and degreasing operations were discharged to
unlined sewage lagoons and then burned or buried on site. These practices have
resulted in the contamination of some on-site soils at the Former Oxidation Lagoons
and Burn Pits and other areas as well as the and groundwater beneath the site. Soil
contamination was also shown in drainage ditches leading to the Old Morrison Creek
Bed. Approximately 50,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. Morrison Creek
flows around the southern boundaries of Sacramento Army Depot. The groundwater
contamination at the site is in the shallow and intermediate water-bearing zones and
has migrated off site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and lead. Soils at the Former Oxidation Lagoons contain heavy
metals including lead, cadmium, and chro'mium. Surface soils from on-
site drainage ditches are contaminated with heavy metals including
cadmium. Potential health threats to people include drinking, eating,
breathing, or touching contaminated soil or groundwater.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
119
continued
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SACRAMENTO ARMY DEPOT
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on groundwater
cleanup and cleanup of the entire site. .
Response Action Status
Groundwater: In 1990, the Army began operation of a groundwater
treatment facility. Seven groundwater extraction wells pump the water to
the treatment plant where hydrogen peroxide is added and then the water
passes through a bank of ultraviolet lights to be decontaminated. To date, the plant has
treated millions of gallons of contaminated groundwater. The water is subsequently
discharged into a sanitary sewer.
Entire Site: The Army currently is investigating the nature and extent of
contamination associated with the site. The investigations will define the
contaminants and recommend alternatives for final cleanup. The
investigations are planned to be completed in 1994. There are plans to close the old
oxidation lagoons and oil burn pits and to remove leaking storage tanks.
Site Facts: The Sacramento Army Depot is participating in the federally funded
Installation Restoration Program (IRP), under which the Department of Defense (DOD)
has been identifying, investigating, and controlling hazardous waste on military
installations. :
Environmental Progress
The operation of the groundwater treatment facility will protect area residents from
exposure to contaminated groundwater at the Sacramento Army Depot site while
further studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
120
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SAN
VALLEY
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894893
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 24
Los Angeles County
North Hollywood
Aliases:
San Fernando Valley North Hollywood
Wellfield
North Hollywood Operable Unit
Burbank Operable Unit
San Fernando Valley (Area 1) is an area of contaminated groundwater covering
approximately 9,336 acres in the vicinity of the North Hollywood section of the City of
Los Angeles. This area is part of the San Fernando Valley Basin, a natural underground
reservoir. Groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was
discovered in 1980. Some groundwater contaminants currently affecting the Basin's
water supply can be traced back to a period between 1940 and the 1960s, when the
disposal of large quantities of chemical wastes was unregulated throughout the Valley.
After 1980, contaminated wells were either taken out of service or blended with water
from clean sources. Contaminated groundwater is difficult to replace in this area
because water from the metropolitan water district, an alternate source of drinking
water, may not always be available due to periodic drought conditions. Results of a
groundwater monitoring program conducted from 1981 through 1987 revealed
approximately 50% of the water supply wells in the eastern portion of the San
Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin were contaminated. Many of the wells have been
shut down. There are approximately 3,000,000 people who reside within 3 miles of the
site. More than 60 public drinking water supply wells are located within the Area 1 site
perimeter; 56 are owned and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and
Power, and 11 are owned by the Burbank Public Service Department. The Basin
provides drinking water to the communities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and La
Crescenta, serving approximately 600,000 residents.
Site Responsibility:
jhis site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. Exposures to VOC
contamination can occur through drinking, bathing, or cooking with
contaminated groundwater. However, before the site was listed on the
NPL, water purveyors were, and still are, serving local water customers
imported drinking water or mixed imported and groundwater, thereby
reducing the threat of exposure.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
121
continued
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SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 1)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on areawide
cleanup, cleanup of the North Hollywood Area, and cleanup of the Burbank Area.
Response Action Status
Area-wide: Currently, the EPA is conducting an investigation :into the
area-wide groundwater contamination in the-San Fernando Valley
Groundwater Basin. This will include the three other sites in the Valley
that are on the NPL. The EPA is studying the extent and nature of groundwater
contamination and will identify long-term cleanup alternatives for the site. The study is
expected to be completed in 1993.
North Hollywood Area: Based on the results of the study conducted by
the State, the EPA has chosen the following remedy for cleanup:
groundwater pump and treatment using aeration and granular activated
carbon air filtering units, with discharge of treated water to the Department of Water
and Power's pumping station for chlorination and distribution as a public water supply.
Cleanup action at the site began in 1987. The system was activated in 1989; the pump
and treat system will continue for at least 10 years. Water is pumped to ah aeration
tower. There, the contaminants are stripped from the water by an air stripper. These
contaminants are then captured by a carbon absorption system to limit air emissions of
the compounds. The spent carbon will be removed and scheduled either for disposal
or regeneration. Treated water is transferred to a holding reservoir before entering the
city's distribution system. Approximately 50% of the production wells are 'still being
pumped, with the other 50% of the wells shut down due to contamination;
RODiA, Burbank Area: In 1989, the interim cleanup remedy selected for the
Burbank area of the site was extraction of groundwater from new
extraction wells in the most highly contaminated zones. The cpntaminated
water will be treated through a stripping process (air or steam) to remove
the organic solvents. Carbon adsorption will be used to treat air emissions from the air
stripping process. The treated water will then be used directly by the City of Burbank's
Public Service Department for drinking water or reinjected into the aquifer. The remedy
design phase is scheduled to begin in 1991.
Site Facts: The EPA and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power entered
into a Cooperative Agreement for the Basin-wide investigation of the San Fernando
Valley Basin.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply and the operation of the groundwater
system have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated drinking water
at the San Fernando Valley {Area 1) site and will continue to protect residents near this
site while studies and planned cleanup activities are taking place. !
A
122
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SAN
VALLEY
CALIFORN
EPA ID# CAD980894901
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 24
Los Angeles County
Los Angeles and Glendale
Aliases:
San Fernando Valley Basin-Crystal Springs
Area
Glendale Operable Unit
San Fernando Valley (Area 2) is an area of contaminated groundwater covering
approximately 6,680 acres in the vicinity of the Crystal Springs Well Field in the Cities of
Los Angeles and Glendale. This area is part of the San Fernando Valley Basin, a natural
underground reservoir. Groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) was .discovered in 1980. Some groundwater contaminants currently affecting
the Basin's water supply can be traced back to a period between the 1940s and 1960s,
when the disposal of large quantities of chemical wastes was unregulated throughout
the Valley. To alleviate the groundwater contamination, wells were either taken out of
service or blended with water from clean sources. Contaminated groundwater is
difficult to replace in this area because water from the metropolitan water district, an
alternate source of drinking water, may not always be available due to periodic drought
conditions. Results of a groundwater monitoring program conducted from 1981 to
1987 revealed approximately 50% of the water supply wells in the eastern portion of
the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin were contaminated. Many of the wells
have been shut down. There are approximately 3,000,000 people who reside within 3
miles of this site. Approximately 50 public drinking water supply wells are located
within the Area 2 site perimeter. The Basin provides drinking water to the communities
of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and La Crescenta, serving a population of
approximately 600,000 residents.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. Exposures to the
VOC contamination can occur through drinking, bathing, or cooking with
contaminated groundwater. However, before the site was listed on the
NPL, water purveyors were, and still are, serving local water customers
imported drinking water or mixed imported and groundwater, thereby
reducing the threat of exposure.
Match 1990
NPL HAZARDOUSWASTE SITES
123
continued
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SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 2)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on area wide
cleanup and cleanup of the Glendale area.
Response Action Status j
Area-wide: Currently, the EPA is conducting an investigation into the area-
wide groundwater contamination in the San Fernando Valley Groundwater
Basin. This investigation includes the three other sites in the Valley that
are on the NPL. The EPA is studying the extent and nature of groundwater
contamination and will identify long-term cleanup alternative for the site. The study is
expected to be completed in 1993.
Glendale Area: The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power is
currently conducting an investigation to determine the nature gnd extent of
groundwater contamination at the Glendale site. The study will also assist
in determining the long-term cleanup actions that will be used at the site. The
investigation is expected to be completed in 1991. i
^ i
Site Facts: The EPA and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power have
entered into a Cooperative Agreement tor a remedial investigation of the San Fernando
Valley Basin.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate drinking water supply has greatly reduced the potential of
exposure to contaminated drinking water at the San Fernando Valley (Area 2) site and
will continue to protect residents near this site while cleanup activities are being
planned.
124
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SAN FEK
VALLEY (A
CALIFORNIA1
EPA ID# CAD980894984
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 22
Los Angeles County
Glendale
Aliases:
San Fernando Valley Basin-Glorietta Area
La Cresceta Operable Unit, Verdugo
The 5,200-acre San Fernando Valley (Area 3) site is an area of contaminated
groundwater in the vicinity of the Glprietta Well Field in the City of Glendale. This area
is part of the Verdugo Basin, a natural underground reservoir that represents an
important source of drinking water for people in the City of Glendale and the
unincorporated area of La Cresceta. Groundwater contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs)was discovered in 1980. Some groundwater contaminants
currently affecting the Basin's water supply can be traced back to a period between the
1940s to the 1960s, when the disposal of large quantities of chemical wastes was
unregulated throughout the Valley. To alleviate this groundwater contamination, wells
were either taken out of service or blended with water from clean sources.
Contaminated groundwater is difficult to replace in this area because water from the
metropolitan water district, an alternate source of drinking water, may not always be
available due to periodic drought conditions. Results of a groundwater monitoring
program conducted from 1981 to 1987 revealed approximately 50% of the water
supply wells in the eastern portion of the San Fernando Valley Groundwater Basin were
contaminated. Many of the wells have been shut down. The Basin provides drinking
water to the communities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and La Crescenta and
serves approximately 600,000 residents.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. Exposures to the
VOC contamination can occur through drinking, bathing, and cooking with
contaminated groundwater. However, before the site was listed on the
NPL, water purveyors at the site were, and still are, serving local water
customers imported drinking water or mixed imported and groundwater,
thereby reducing the threat of exposure.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
125
continued
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SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 3)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire area.
Response Action Status
Area-wide: Currently, the EPA is conducting an investigation into the
area-wide groundwater contamination in the San Fernando Valley
Groundwater Basin. This will include the three other sites in the Valley that
are on the NPL. The EPA is studying the extent and nature of groundwater
contamination and will identify long-term cleanup alternatives for the site. The study is
expected to be completed in 1993.
Site Facts: 'The EPA and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power entered
into a Cooperative Agreement tor an investigation of the San Fernando Valley Basin.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply has reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water at the San Fernando Valley {Area 3) site and will continue
to protect residents near this site while final cleanup activities are being planned.
126
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SAN FERN
VALLEY (ARE:
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894976
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 24
Los Angeles County
Los Angeles
The 5,860-acre San Fernando Valley (Area 4) site is an area of contaminated
groundwater in the vicinity of the Pollock Well Field in the City of Los Angeles. This
area is part of the San Fernando Valley Basin, a natural underground reservoir.
Groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was discovered in
1980. Some groundwater contaminants currently affecting the Basin's water supply
can be traced back to a period between the 1940s and the 1960s, when the disposal of
large quantities of chemical wastes was unregulated throughout the Valley. To alleviate
this groundwater contamination, wells were either taken out of service or blended with
water from clean sources. Contaminated groundwater is difficult to replace in this area
because water from the metropolitan water district, an alternate source of drinking
water, may not always be available due to periodic drought conditions. Results of a
groundwater monitoring program conducted from 1981 to 1987 revealed approximately
50% of the water supply wells in the eastern portion of the San Fernando Valley
Groundwater Basin were contaminated. Many of the wells have been shut down.
There are approximately 3,000,000 people who reside within 3 miles of the
groundwater basin and depend on public wells for potable water. The Basin provides
drinking water for the communities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and La
Creseenta and serves approximately 600,000 residents.
Site Responsibility: T(-,JS sjte [3 being addressed through
Federal arid State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. Exposures to VOC
contamination can occur through drinking, bathing, or cooking with
contaminated groundwater. However, before the site was listed on the
NPL, water purveyors at the site were, and still are, serving local water
customers imported drinking water or mixed imported and groundwater,
thereby reducing the threat of exposure.
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
127
continued
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SAN FERNANDO VALLEY (AREA 4)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire area.
Response Action Status
Area-wide: Currently, the EPA is conducting an investigation into the area-
wide groundwater contamination in the San Fernando Valley Groundwater
Basin. This will include the three other sites in the Valley that are on the
NPL. The EPA is studying the extent and nature of groundwater contamination and will
identify long-term cleanup alternatives for the site. The study is expected to be
completed in 1993.
Site Facts: The EPA and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power entered
into a Cooperative Agreement for an investigation of the San Fernando Valley
Groundwater Basin.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply has greatly reduced the potential of exposure
to contaminated drinking water at the San Fernando Valley (Area 4) site and will
continue to protect residents while final cleanup activities are being plannepl.
A
128
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SAN GABRIEI
VALLEY (AK
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980677355
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 30
Los Angeles County
El Monte
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 1) site is an area of contaminated groundwater over 4
miles long and 1 1/2 miles wide located in the San Gabriel Valley. This site is one of
four Superfund sites located in the 170-square-mile San Gabriel Valley. Over 30 square
miles of groundwater under the Valley could be contaminated. In 1984, the EPA
identified four large areas of groundwater contamination in the San Gabriel Valley; each
area is a separate Superfund site. The sites include four large areas of groundwater
contamination that underlie significant portions of the cities of Alhambra, Arcadia,
Azusa, Baldwin Park, Industry, El Monte, La Puente, Monrovia, Rosemead, South El
Monte, West Covina, and other areas of the San Gabriel Valley. Contamination of the
groundwater by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was first detected in 1979 when
Aerojet Electrosystems in Azusa sampled nearby wells in the Valley County Water
District. Subsequently, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) initiated a
well sampling program to assess the extent of contamination. By 1984, 59 wells were
found to be contaminated with high levels of VOCs. Thousands of individual facilities
could be contributing to the contamination in the basin through improper handling and
disposal practices. The area of contamination parallels the San Gabriel River to the
east. The basin's groundwater provides approximately 90% of the domestic water
supply for the more than 1,000,000 people who live in the Valley. Over 400 water
supply wells are used in the basin to extract groundwater for use in industry, business,
agriculture, and homes. Forty-five different suppliers of water operate in the basin and
provide drinking water to more than 1,000,000 people. As of 1984, three mutual water
companies in El Monte Richwood, Rurban Homes, and Hemlock Mutual Water
Companies were unable to supply their customers with water due to contamination.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
- Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People in the San
Gabriel Valley can be exposed to contaminants in groundwater through
drinking, bathing, or cooking. People who breathe vapors from
groundwater that contain VOCs could be exposed to hazardous
substances.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
129
continued
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SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 1)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term
remedial phases focusing on area-wide cleanup, cleanup of the Whittier-Narrows area,
cleanup of the Richwood Water Company area, and cleanup of the Suburban Water
Company's Bartolo Well Field.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA has installed a water treatment'system to
provide clean water to a small mutual water company'that supplies .
groundwater to people in the valley.
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study into the nature and extent of
contamination throughout the San Gabriel Valley. Due to the size of the.
problem, the overall investigation of contamination is expected to continue
until 1993.
Whittier-Narrows Area: In 1987, the EPA began a study of the nature
and extent of contamination in the Whittier-Narrows area of the San Gabriel
Valley. The EPA is scheduled to select a remedy for this area in 1990.
Richwood Water Company: The Richwood Water Company does not
have alternative groundwater wells to replace those wells closed due to
contamination. Richwood temporarily received water from another
company in order to supply drinking water until EPA could clean up the site. In 1987,
the EPA proposed to install an activated carbon absorption system to treat water from
wells at the Richwood Mutual Water Company and Rurban Homes Mutual Water
Company. Installation of the system was completed in 1989. The treatment plant
began operation in 1990. Hemlock Water Company installed their own treatment
system. The EPA will operate and maintain the Richwood Water Company's treatment
system for 10 years.
Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field: In 1988, the EPA
selected the following alternatives to address contamination at the Bartolo
weii pje|d: (]} extract groundwater from the existing wells in the Bartolo
Well Field; (2) modify, if feasible, the existing wells and install new
production wells to selectively extract groundwater from the most highly contaminated
zones of the underlying aquifer, (3) construct a air stripping system; (4) install a gas
treatment system to control the emissions of VOCs from the air stripping system; (5)
treat contaminated water to concentrations that meet the requirements of the State
and the EPA; and (6) feed the treated water directly into Suburban Water System's
water distribution system. The EPA will address contamination at the site in two
phases. The first phase includes stabilizing the soil in the well field and preparing the
site for construction. Phase two is construction of the air stripper. The remedy designs
are currently under way.
Site Facts: In 1983, the San Gabriel Basin Management Committee was established
to define strategies for addressing the groundwater contamination problem. A
technical committee was also established to advise the management committees on
continued
130
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SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA. 1)
Response Action Status Continued
technical issues. The committees included representatives of the EPA, State, and local
agencies, affected water companies, and public interest organizations. In 1985, the
EPA entered into a Cooperative Agreement with the Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal
Water District. The District provides technical assistance to the EPA throughout the
studies that will determine the nature and extent of contamination in the Valley and
helps coordinate data collection with agencies and local suppliers of groundwater.
Environmental Progress
The construction and operation of a groundwater treatment system for the Richwood
Water Company and the Hemlock Water Company will provide affected residents with
a source of uncontaminated drinking water while studies are taking place and final
cleanup actions are being planned.
131
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SAN GAB
VALLEY
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980818512
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 34
Los Angeles County
Baldwin Park
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 2) site is an area of contaminated groundwater in the San
Gabriel groundwater basin. The plume is over 7 1/2 miles long and 1 1/2 miles wide.
This site is one of four large Superfund sites in the Valley. Over 30 square miles of
groundwater under the Valley could be contaminated. The sites include four large
areas of groundwater contamination that underlie significant portions of the cities of
Alhambra, Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, Industry, El Monte, La Puente, Monrovia,
Rosemead, South El Monte, West Covina, and other areas of the San Gabriel Valley.
Contamination of the groundwater by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was first
detected in 1979 when Aerojet Electrosystems in Azusa sampled nearby wells in the
Valley County Water District. Following this discovery, the California Department of
Health Services (CDHS) initiated a well sampling program to assess the extent of
contamination. By 1984, 59 wells were found to be contaminated with high levels of
various VOCs. Thousands of individual facilities could be contributing to the
contaminatipn in the basin through improper handling and disposal practices. Analyses
show that many wells in the area do not meet the EPA's standards for water quality.
The basin's groundwater provides approximately 90% of the domestic water supply for
the more than 1,000,000 people who live in the Valley. Oyer 400 water supply wells
are used in the basin to extract groundwater for use in industry, business, agriculture,
and homes. Forty-five different suppliers of water operate in the basin and provide
drinking water to more than 1,000,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. People in the San Gabriel
Valley can be exposed to contaminants in groundwater through drinking,
bathing, or cooking. People who breathe vapors from groundwater that
contain VOCs could be exposed to hazardous substances.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
132
continued
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SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 2)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of
the entire area, Suburban Water Systems' Bartolo Well Field, Baldwin Park area, Azuza/
Irwindale source control, and the Whittier-Narrows area.
Response Action Status
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of
contamination throughout the San Gabriel Valley. Due to the size of the
problem, the overall investigation of contamination in the San Gabriel Valley
is expected to continue until 1993.
Suburban Water Systems' Bartolo Well Field: In 1988, the EPA
selected the following alternatives to address contamination of the Bartolo
Well Field: (1) extract groundwater from the existing wells in the Bartolo
Well Field; (2} modify, if feasible, the existing wells and install new
production wells to selectively extract groundwater from the most highly contaminated
zones of the underlying aquifer. (3) construct an air stripping system to treat
contaminated groundwater; (4) take measures to floodproof the wells; (5) install a gas
treatment system to control the emissions of VOCs from the air stripping system; (6)
treat contaminated water to concentrations that meet the requirements of the State
and the EPA; and (7) feed the treated water directly into Suburban Water System's
water distribution system. The EPA will address contamination at the site in two
phases. The first phase includes stabilizing the soil in the well field and preparing the
site for construction. Phase two is construction of the air stripper. The remedy design
is currently under way,
Baldwin Park: In 1987, the EPA began a study into the nature and extent
of contamination at this area of the site. This study is ongoing, and the
EPA plans to complete it and propose a final remedy in 1991.
Azusa/lrwindale Source Control: The EPA plans to negotiate an
agreement with several dozen of the potentially responsible parties to
carry out a study of the nature and extent of contaminants in the soil and
groundwater in Azusa and Irwindale. The EPA expects the parties to start the study
1991. The EPA will use the results of the study to select final remedies to address the
contamination.
Whittier-Narrows Area: In 1987, the EPA began a study of the nature
and extent of contamination in the Whittier-Narrows area of the basin. The
study is ongoing, and the EPA plans to complete it and propose a remedy
in 1990.
Site Facts: In 1983, the San Gabriel Basin Management Committee was established
to define strategies for addressing the groundwater contamination problem. A
technical committee was also established to advise the management committees on
technical issues. The committee included representatives of the EPA, State, and local
agencies, affected water companies, and public interest organizations. In 1985, the
EPA entered into a Cooperative Agreement with the Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal
continued
133
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SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 2)
Response Action Status, Continued
Water District. The District provides technical assistance to the EPA throughout the
studies that will determine the nature and extent of contamination in the Valley and
helps coordinate data collection with agencies and local suppliers of ground water.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the San Gabriel Valley (Area 2}
site while studies are taking place and final cleanup actions are being planned.
134
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SAN GABR
VALLEY (AR
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD980818579
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 30
Los Angeles County
Alhambra
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 3) site is an area of contaminated groundwater that runs
along the west fork of Alhambra Creek in the San Gabriel Valley. This site is one of four
Superfund sites located in the 170-square-mile San Gabriel Valley. Over 30 square
miles of groundwater under the Valley could be contaminated. The sites .include four
large areas of groundwater contamination that underlie significant portions of the cities
of Alhambra, Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, Industry, El Monte, La Puente, Monrovia,
Rosemead, South El Monte, West Covina, and other areas of the San Gabriel Valley.
Contamination of the groundwater by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was first
detected in 1979 when Aerojet Electrosystems in Azusa sampled nearby wells in the
Valley County Water District. Following this discovery, the California Department of
Health Services (CDHS) initiated a well sampling program to assess'the extent of
contamination. By 1984, 59 wells were found to be contaminated with high levels of
various VOCs. Thousands of individual facilities could be contributing to the
contamination in the basin through improper handling and disposal practices. Analyses
show that many wells in the area do not meet the EPA's standards for water quality.
The basin's groundwater provides approximately 90% of the domestic water supply for
the more than 1,000,000 people who live in the Valley. Over 400 water supply wells
are used in the basin to extract groundwater for use in industry, business, agriculture,
and homes. Forty-five different suppliers of water operate in the basin and provide
drinking water to more than 1,000,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People in the San
Gabriel Valley can be exposed to contaminants in groundwater through
drinking, bathing, or cooking. People who breathe vapors from
groundwater that contain VOCs could be exposed to hazardous
'substances.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
135
continued
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SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 3)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire area.
Response Action Status
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of
contamination throughout the San Gabriel Valley. Due to the sizp of the
problem, the overall investigation of contamination in the San Gabriel Valley
is expected to continue until 1993. ,
Site Facts: In 1983, the San Gabriel Basin Management Committee was established
to define strategies for addressing the groundwater contamination problem., A
technical committee was also established to advise the management committee on
technical issues. The committees included representatives of the EPA, State, and local
agencies, affected water companies, and public interest organizations. In 1985, the
EPA entered into a Cooperative Agreement with the Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal
Water District. The District provides technical assistance to the EPA throughout the
studies that will determine the nature and extent of contamination in the Valley and
helps coordinate data collection with agencies and local suppliers of groundwater.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the San Gabriel Valley (Area 3)
site while studies are taking place and final cleanup actions are being planned.
136
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SAN GABRIE
VALLEY (ARE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980817985
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 34
Los Angeles County
La Puente
Site Description
The San Gabriel Valley (Area 4) site is an area of contaminated groundwater that runs
along San Jose Creek in La Puente. This site is one of four Superfund sites located in
the 170-square-mile San Gabriel Valley. Over 30 square miles of groundwater under
the Valley could be contaminated. The sites include four large areas of groundwater
contamination that underlie significant portions of the cities of Alhambra, Arcadia,
Azusa, Baldwin Park, Industry, El Monte, La Puente, Monrovia, Rosemead, South El
Monte, West Covina, and other areas of the San Gabriel Valley. Contamination of the
groundwater by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was first detected in 1979 when
Aerojet Electrosystems in Azusa sampled nearby wells in the Valley County Water
District. Following this discovery, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS)
initiated a well sampling program to assess the extent of contamination. By 1984, 59
wells were found to be contaminated with high levels of various VOCs. Thousands of
individual facilities could be contributing to the contamination in the basin through
improper handling and disposal practices. Analyses show that many wells in the area
do not meet the EPA's standards for water quality. The basin's groundwater provides
approximately 90% of the domestic water supply for the more than 1,000,000 people
who live in the Valley. Over 400 water supply wells are used in the basin to extract
groundwater for use in industry, business, agriculture, and homes. Forty-five different
suppliers of water operate in the basin and provide drinking water to more than
1,000,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various VOCs. People in the San
Gabriel Valley can be exposed to contaminants in groundwater through
drinking, bathing, or cooking. People who breathe vapors from
groundwater that contain VOCs could be exposed to hazardous
substances.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
137
continued
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SAN GABRIEL VALLEY (AREA 4)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on area-wide
cleanup and cleanup of the Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field and the
Whittier-Narrows area.
Response Action Status
Area-wide: In 1984, the EPA began a study into the nature and extent of
contamination throughout the San Gabriel Valley. Due to the size of the
problem, the overall investigation of contamination is expected to continue
until 1993.
Suburban Water System's Bartolo Well Field: In 1988, the EPA
selected the following remedies to address contamination of the Bartolo
\/ve|| Field: (1) extract groundwater from the existing wells in the Bartolo
Well Field; (2) modify, if feasible, the existing wells and install new
production wells to selectively extract groundwater from the most highly contaminated
zones of the underlying aquifer, (3) construct an air stripping system; (4) install a gas
treatment system to control the emissions of VOCs from the air stripping system; (5)
treat contaminated water to concentrations that meet the'requirements of the State
and the EPA; and (6) feed the treated water directly into Suburban Water System's
water distribution system. The EPA will address contamination at the site in two
phases. The first phase includes stabilizing the soil in the well field and preparing the
site for construction. Phase two is construction of the air stripper.
Whittier-Narrows Area: In 1987, the EPA began a study of the nature and
extent of contamination in the Whittier-Narrows area of the San Gabriel
Valley. The study is still in progress, and the EPA is scheduled to select a
remedy in 1990.
Site Facts: In 1983, the San Gabriel Basin Management Committee was established
to define strategies for addressing the groundwater contamination problem. A
technical committee was also established to advise the management committee on
technical issues. The committees included representatives of the EPA, State, and local
agencies, affected water companies, and public interest organizations. In 1985, the
EPA entered into a Cooperative Agreement with the Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal
Water District. The District provides technical assistance to the EPA throughout the
studies that will determine the nature and extent of contamination in the Valley and
helps coordinate data collection with agencies and local suppliers of groundwater.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the San Gabriel Valley (Area 4)
site while studies are taking place and final cleanup actions are being planned.
138
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SELMA TREA
COMPANY
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD029452141
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Fresno County
1/2 mile from Selma
Aliases:
Selma Pressure Treating Company
Saw Mill Properties
The 18-acre Selma Treating Company site includes a 3- to 4-acre wood treatment
facility and 14 acres of adjacent vineyard that were used for site drainage. The facilities
on site have been used by a series of owners to treat lumber products almost
continuously since 1936. At least two general methods of wood preservation have
been used. Before 1965, lumber was dipped into a mixture of pentachlorophenol fPCP)
and oil and then dried on open racks, letting the excess liquid drip off. In 1965, the site
converted to a pressure-treating process, which consisted of two basic steps:
conditioning the wood to reduce moisture content and to increase permeability, and
impregnating the wood with chemical preservatives. From 1936 to 1971, chemical
wastes from the treatment plant were disposed of on site into percolation ditches, dry
wells, an unlined pond, and a sludge pit. Chemical preservatives were also released to
the ground, particularly in the wood treatment area, as a result of spillage, dripping, and
leaking. Waste fluids were discharged through pipelines that ran along the boundaries
of the vineyard into off-site drainage areas and ditches. In 1971, the State collected
samples from an unlined sump on the property. After concluding that the discharges
posed a serious threat, the State issued discharge requirements. Subsequently, the
company installed an effluent recovery system. Between 1978 and 1981, the State
issued new waste discharge requirements for the facility that included provisions for
preventing and monitoring spills and leaks from waste storage areas onto unpaved
areas, and for preventing surface runoff from the unpaved areas. In 1981, the Selma
Treating Company filed for bankruptcy. In 1982, Sawmill Properties, Inc. acquired the
facility with the stipulation that Selma Leasing Company continue to accept
responsibility for the site cleanup. The aquifer beneath the site is the sole source of
water in the area. There are 12 residences and businesses within 1/4 mile of the site.
The Town of Selma has a population of approximately 10,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
139
continued
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SELMA TREATING COMPANY
I
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains chromium. Soil is contaminated with PCP, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals such as chromium, arsenic,
and copper. People who touch or accidentally ingest contaminated
groundwater or soil may be at risk. However, no contamination has been
found in any public or private drinking water wells. If contaminants reach
irrigation wells, crops may become contaminated.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1982, Sawmill Properties installed concrete drip drying
pads and runoff containment berms and instituted operational controls to
prevent further soil and groundwater contamination.
Entire site: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site by:
(1) pumping and treating the groundwater and then reinjecting the treated
water into the aquifer or discharging it off site; (2) excavating the
contaminated soil, solidifying it, placing it back in the excavated areas, and
covering it with clean soil or clay; (3) monitoring the groundwater and soil for 30 years;
and (4) restrictions on land and groundwater use. The EPA is designing the technical
specifications for the soil and groundwater cleanup. The design phase is expected to
be completed in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The installation of concrete pads and berms have contained contaminated soil and
groundwater at the Selma Treating Company site while cleanup activities are being
designed.
140
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SHARPE ARMY B
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA8210020832
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 18
San Joaquin County
1 1/2 miles east of Lathrop
The 724-acre Sharps'Army Depot site has been involved in the storage, shipping,
packaging, and maintenance of general supplies. Between 1941 and 1975,
maintenance of aircraft, vehicles, industrial equipment, and medical equipment resulted
m the generation of a variety of chemical wastes. Wastes produced on site were
disposed of in multiple locations, including the South Balloon Area, the Burning Pits
Area, and the North Balloon Area. The. wastes include sludge containing phenols,
polychlorinated hydrocarbons, and used paints and solvents. Wastes have
contaminated both soil and groundwater. All maintenance activities have ceased, and
the waste areas are no longer used. The Depot employs approximately 1,200 people.
The contaminated sole source aquifer supplies water to approximately 33,600 people
within 3 miles of the facility. The San Joaquin River is 2 miles from the depot.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
L\
Groundwater and soil contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including trichloroethylene (TCE). People who touch or accidentally ingest
contaminants may be at risk.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
141
continued
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SHARPE ARMY DEPOT
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term
remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Army has constructed an interim groundwater
treatment system and is constructing a second system to contain and
treat contamination in the most seriously affected areas. A system
Entire site: In 1989, the Army began an investigation to determine the
extent of contamination throughout the base. Once this investigation is
completed, scheduled for 1993, measures for site cleanup will be
recommended.
Groundwater: In 1989, the Army began an investigation to determine the
nature and extent of groundwater contamination. Once this investigation
is completed, scheduled for 1992, measures will be recommended for
groundwater cleanup.
Site Facts: This site is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP), which
was established in 1978. Under this program, the Department of Defense has been
identifying and evaluating its past hazardous waste sites and has been controlling the
migration of hazardous contaminants from these sites.
Environmental Progress
The construction of a groundwater treatment system at the Sharpe Army Depot site
has reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater while further
studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
142
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SOLA OPTIC
USA, INC.
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD981171523
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Sonoma County
Petaluma
The 35-acre Sola Optical USA, Inc. site has been producing optical lenses since 1978.
In 1982, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) identified acetone in an
on-site well. Subsequently, Sola reported that soil adjacent to six underground solvent
storage tanks at the facility was contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
In 1985, Sola removed the underground storage tanks and confirmed that the shallow
groundwater underneath the site was contaminated with VOCs. In 1986 and 1987, the
State found low levels of solvents in the Petaluma #5 City Well. This well is
approximately 500 feet from the site and may be hydraulically connected to the
contaminated aquifer beneath the site. The water from Petaluma City Well Pump
Station #5 is blended with water from other municipal sources serving 13,200
connections and is joined to the Petaluma Water Department distribution system,
which serves approximately 50,000 people* The nearest residence is 300 feet from the
site, and two private wells in the area are used for drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/15/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil contain various VOCs including acetone. If ,
contaminants migrate off site, people who touch or ingest contaminated
groundwater or soil may be at risk.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
143
continued
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SOLA OPTICAL USA. INC.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire site: In 1989, Sola, under EPA monitoring, began an investigation
to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site, Once the
investigation is completed in 1991, measures will be recommended for
final site cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1985, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB)
issued Waste Discharge Requirements calling for Sola to conduct groundwater studies.
In 1987, the CRWQCB issued Site Cleanup Requirements calling for Sola to determine
the lateral and vertical extent of groundwater contamination and to propose cleanup
alternatives.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Sola Optical USA, Inc. site
while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
144
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SOUTH BAY
ASBESTOS ARE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894885
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Santa Clara County
Alvlso
Alias:
Alviso Area
The 550-acre South Bay Asbestos Area site is located on the southern edge of the San
Francisco Bay. Portions of the site served as dumping areas for over 30 years. Three
landfills located within the site boundaries (the Santos Landfill, the Leslie Salt Landfill,
and the Sainte Claire Corporation Landfill) received asbestos wastes from an asbestos-
cement pipe manufacturing plant, located 4 miles south of the site, that operated from
1953 until 1982. Residents reportedly used waste asbestos pipe to drain excess water
from their properties before curbs and gutters were installed. Several areas may have
been filled with asbestos-containing soils transported in by residents to raise the
elevation of their property and to improve flood protection. As a result of heavy rains in
1983, Coyote Creek flooded the site. The City of San Jose constructed a levee around
the town in order to pump out the floodwater. The levee material was taken from the
Raisch Quarry in southern San Jose and was later found to contain asbestos. Asbestos
also was found in the Guadalupe River levee, the ring levee, and in surface soils around
the town. Approximately 1,700 people live in Alviso. Most water is provided to South
Bay residents through public supply systems that draw groundwater from the deep
aquifer. The majority of private wells draw water from the less protected shallow
aquifer. The ring levee lies within the 100-year flood plain of the Guadalupe River and
was constructed on portions of wetland areas adjacent to Alviso. The levee also abuts
wetland areas next to a National wildlife refuge.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, municipal, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
Air is polluted with asbestos due to man-made disturbances of asbestos-
contaminated soils that is caused primarily by heavy truck traffic.
Groundwater in the shallow aquifer contains asbestos. Site soils are
contaminated with asbestos. The wetland areas adjacent to Alviso have
been threatened. The greatest health threat to people associated with
this site is the breathing of airborne asbestos fibers. Once asbestos
fibers enter the lungs, the fibers can be trapped in the body. Asbestos
fibers may also be swallowed in food and water.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
145
continued
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SOUTH BAY ASBESTOS ARfiA
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the ring levee and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1983, the Santa Clara Valley Water District removed
some asbestos wastes from Guadalupe River Levee. From 1986 to 1987,
the EPA paved a lot at the George Mayne School and an unpaved portion '
of Spreddles Avenue; removed a debris pile and stabilized a trail at Environmental
Education Center; and twice applied polymer sealant to the ring levee. The levee has
since been sprayed annually by the City of San Jose.
Entire Site: The final cleanup technologies selected to address the entire
site include: (1) paving the asbestos contaminated truck and industrial
yards; (2) wet-sweeping Alviso streets monthly; (3) removing asbestos
debris; (4) installing landfill covers; and (5) deed restrictions, maintenance,
and monitoring. In 1990, the truck yards were sampled to determine which ones
require paving. The City of San Jose is wet-sweeping the streets on a monthly basis.
Ring Levee: The EPA had selected a vegetated soil cover to address the
ring levee. However, this remedy is being amended. The potentially
responsible parties have offered to remove the levee instead and to
restore the wetlands after an alternate flood control project is in place.
Site Facts: In 1988, the EPA and the City of San Jose, a potentially responsible party,
signed a Consent Agreement for the City to continue levee spraying.
Environmental Progress
Removing asbestos wastes, paving of the lots, and applying sealant to the levee have
greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the South Bay
Asbestos Area site while cleanup activities are taking place.
146
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SOUTHERN C
EDISON CO.
POLEYARD)
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD980816466
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 17
Tulare County
Visalia
Site Description
The 20-acre Southern California Edison (Visalia Poleyard) site was operated as a utility
pole treatment yard from the 1920s until 1980. Wood preservatives, including creosote
and pentachlorophenol (PCP), were used and stored on site during site operations.
Leaking tanks and stored treated poles have contaminated groundwater and soil.
Approximately 60,000 people live within 6 miles of the site. The distance from the site
to the closest residence is 1/4 mile. California Water Service Company wells within 3
miles of the site supply drinking water to Visalia residents. The local municipal water
system includes over 35 drinking water wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
IMPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with wood-treatment chemicals
including creosote and PCP. Potential health threats to people include
accidental ingestion of or touching soils or groundwater.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
147
continued
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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON CO. (VISALIA POLEYARD)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1977, a slurry wall was constructed to slow
contaminant migration in the shallow aquifer. Southern California Edison,
the potentially responsible party, removed 2,300 cubic yards of
contaminated soil and disposed of it off site at an approved disposal facility. The facility
has upgraded its on-site groundwater treatment system to include anthracite filtration in
addition to carbon filtration. The potentially responsible party now discharges the
treated groundwater directly to Mill Creek, a small tributary two blocks from the site.
This discharge is licensed by the State.
Entire Site: Southern California Edison and the State, under EPA
monitoring, are conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of
' the contamination at the site. The investigation will define the
contaminants and recommend remedies for the final groundwater and soil cleanup.
The investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1991.
Site Facts: In 1976, the State issued a Cleanup and Abate Order requiring Southern
California Edison to abate discharge of treatment fluids into the soil, to contain
contaminated soil and water on the property, to pump shallow groundwater under the
site before and during construction of an underground slurry wall around the site, to
pump and lower the confined aquifer to remove contamination, and to clean up
contaminated shallow groundwater off site. In 1987, Southern California Edison and
the State signed an agreement requiring the utility to perform a study to determine the
nature and extent of site contamination and to recommend alternatives for final cleanup
action.
Environmental Progress
The construction of a slurry wall, removal of contaminated soil, and treatment of
contaminated groundwater have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminants at the Southern California Edison site while studies are taking place and
cleanup actions are being planned. ;
A
148
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SPECTRA-PHY
INC.
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD009138488
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
The 11 1/2-acre Spectra-Physics, Inc., site is the location of a manufacturer of electronic
equipment and gas lasers since 1961. Beginning in 1981, Spectra-Physics, Inc. stored
its hazardous wastes on bermed concrete pads. Only one storage area has a cement
floor without a berm, and that area is used for storing solid wastes. A variety of
cleaners, degreasers, and lubricants are used in the manufacturing process. Wastes
from manufacturing processes include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), paints, oils,
acids, and bases. In 1981, the State discovered areas where hazardous wastes were
stored that had no dikes or leachate collection systems. Additionally, several on-site
wastewater sumps are suspected of contributing VOCs to the soils and groundwater.
Contaminated groundwater from the site has moved off site to the north and has
merged with the contaminated plume of another NPL site, the Teledyne site, which
borders the Spectra-Physics, Inc. site. The two firms are jointly cleaning up the sites.
Approximately 189,000 people obtain drinking water from publkrand private wells
within 3 miles of the site. Groundwater within 1 mile of the site is used for private and
municipal purposes. More than 200 private drinking water wells were drilled into the
contaminated plume and most of these wells have been closed. Between 1982 and
1985, these private well users were placed on municipal well water supplies. The
closest residence is located 200 feet southwest of the site. San Francisco Bay is 2 1/2
miles downstream of the site and is used for recreation. The tides that influence the
Bay also influence Permanente Creek, which is within 1 mile of the site. Several
species of endangered birds are found within the area of tidal influence.
Site Responsibility: Tnis s'te is tie'n9 addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with VOCs. Elevated
concentrations of VOCs were detected in water samples from
Permanente Creek. Potential health threats to people include drinking,
touching, or inhaling contaminated groundwater and groundwater vapors
or touching or accidentally ingesting contaminated soils.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
149
continued
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SPECTRA-PHYSICS, INC.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an initial action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: In 1987, one wastewater sump was removed, and 6 feet
of surrounding soils were excavated. In 1986 and 1988, an on-site shallow
groundwater extraction well and one intermediate zone groundwater
extraction well were installed at the site. These wells were installed to prevent
Teledyne's plume of contaminants from migrating off site. Twenty additional wells
have begun extracting groundwater from the off-site contaminant plume areas.
Extracted groundwater is discharged to the City of Palo Alto sanitary sewer system. All
actions were performed by Teledyne and Spectra-Physics.
Entire Site: In 1988, an investigation began to determine the extent of
contamination remaining at the site. Once the study is completed,
scheduled for 1991, the EPA will select the necessary cleanup actions.
Environmental Progress
The removal of sumps and contaminated soil and the installation of groundwater
extraction wells have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
groundwater and soil at the Spectra Physics site while further cleanup actions are
continuing.
150
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/:: . y <
STRINGFELEOW
CALIFORNIA ^-^
EPA ID# CAT080012826
1
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 36
Riverside County
I mile north of Glen Avon
Site Description -
From 1956 until 1972, the 17-acre Stringfellow site was operated as a hazardous waste
disposal facility. Over 34,000,000 gallons of industrial waste, primarily from metal
finishing, electroplating, and pesticide production, were deposited in evaporation
ponds. Spray evaporation procedures were used to accelerate the reduction of pond
content volume. In 1969, excessive rainfall caused the disposal ponds to overflow and
resulted in the contamination of Pyrite Creek and Channel. In 1978, heavy rains caused
the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) to authorize a controlled
release of 800,000 gallons of wastewater from the site to prevent further waste pond
overflow and massive releases. An additional 500,000 gallons of liquids wastes were
removed at that time to a federally approved facility. In 1979 and 1980, heavy rains
again threatened releases from the waste ponds. Efforts to remove 2,000,000 gallons
of wastewater in 1979 and 9,000,000 gallons in 1980 helped to prevent major releases.
Glen Avon has a population of approximately 7,700 people. Over 200 residences have
private wells in Glen Avon. Few private wells have been found to be contaminated, and
none are presently used for drinking water. The Glen Avon area is supplied drinking
water by three facilities: the Jurupa Community Services District, the Mutual Water
Company of Glen Avon, and the Santa Ana River Water Company;
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties 'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/01/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals such as cadmium, nickel, chromium, and manganese. Soil
is contaminated with pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
sulfates, and heavy metals. People who touch or accidentally ingest
contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk. The original disposal
area is covered by a clay cap, is fenced, and is guarded by security
services. No one is currently drinking water potentially affected by the
contaminant plume.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
151
continued
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STRINGFELLOW
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: initial actions and four long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site, groundwater, lower canyon area, and the
community area.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: From 1980 to 1984, three groundwater extraction wells, a
subsurface barrier structure, and an on-site surface water drainage system
with gunite channels were constructed. The EPA overpacked and staged
the drums on the site. All liquid wastes on the site were removed to a federally
approved hazardous waste disposal facility. With the exception of 1,000 cubic yards of
DDT-contaminated soil, which was taken to a federally approved facility, contaminated
soils from the site were used to fill waste ponds. The surface was graded, covered
with clean soil, and seeded. The State supplied bottled water to private well users in
Glen Avon. In 1984, the State completed initial cleanup measures including fencing the
site, maintaining the existing soil cap, controlling erosion, and disposal of the leachate
extracted above and below the on-site clay barrier dam.
Entire Site: In 1984, the State began an investigation to identify and
evaluate alternatives for final site cleanup. A majority of the work has been
completed. Ongoing activities include conducting additional soil treatability
studies.
Groundwater: In 1984, the EPA selected a remedy for interim treatment
of contaminated groundwater by installing a pre-treatment system
consisting of lime precipitation for removing heavy metals, followed by
granular activated carbon treatment tor removing VOCs. The treated groundwater is
discharged to an industrial sewer line, which ultimately discharges to .a publicly owned
treatment works system. Additional interceptor and monitoring wells were installed to
extract contaminated groundwater downgradient of the site. The State completed
installation of the pre-treatment plant in 1985. As of 1989, over 30,000,000 gallons of
groundwater have been extracted and treated.
Lower Canyon: In 1987, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the lower
canyon area of the site by: (1) installing a groundwater barrier system in
the area and treating the extracted groundwater; (2) installing a peripheral
channel to direct uphill surface water runoff, (3) extending the existing gunite channels
southward to discharge surface water into Pyrite Creek; and (4) reconstructing the
Pyrite Creek Channel. The potentially responsible parties installed the groundwater
barrier system and reconstructed the Pyrite Creek Channel. The State completed
construction of the northern channels in 1990.
Community Wells: In 1984, the State and the EPA began an investigation
to determine the type and extent of contamination in the community area.
The EPA is scheduled to select a remedy in 1990. The potentially
responsible parties have agreed to conduct design tests for the community wells
system.
continued
152
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STR1NGPELLOW
Response Action Status, Continued
Site Facts: In 1983, the Department of Justice, on behalf of the EPA, joined with the
State to file a suit against 31 potentially responsible parties.
LEinuiroinntental Progress
The removal of drums and liquid waste, provision of bottled water to affected residents,
installation of groundwater barrier systems, and the groundwater treatment system
have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the
Stringfellow site. Further studies leading to cleanup of the remaining contamination
currently are taking place.
A
153
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SULPHUR BANK
MERCURY MINE
CALIFORNIA
EPAED# CAD980893275
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 14
Lake County
Clear Lake
The 120-acre Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine site was initially mined for sulfur from 1865
to 1871. Mercury ore was mined by underground methods from 1873 to 1905. The
mine, once one of the largest producers of mercury in California, has been inactive
since 1957. Approximately 120 acres of mine tailings and waste rock and an open,
unlined mine pit (called the Herman Pit) are on the property. The mine tailings extend
into the Oaks Arm of Clear Lake along 1,300 feet of shoreline. Approximately 193,600
cubic yards of waste are on site. The Herman Pit, which is filled with acidic water,
covers 23 acres and is 750 feet upgradientof the lake. The State has found mercury in
the tailings and in the biota and bottom sediments in Clear Lake. The levels of mercury
in fish from the lake led the State to issue an advisory against eating fish. The Clear
Lake Oaks Water District, which provides municipal drinking water for 4,700 people, is
recharged by Clear Lake. Approximately 70 houses are located within 3 miles of the
site. A freshwater wetland is located 900 feet east of the mine. A critical habitat for
three endangered wildlife species, the Peregrine Falcon, Southern Bald Eagle, and
Yellow-Billed Cuckoo, is located less than 1/4 mile from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Threats and Contaminants
Sediments from Clear Lake, soil, sludge, surface water, and fish are
contaminated with mercury. Surface water also contains arsenic. The
health threat of greatest concern is eating contaminated fish. In addition,
people who accidentally touch or ingest the contaminated surface water,
sediments, sludge, or soil may suffer adverse health effects. If
contaminants leach into the nearby wetland, wijdlife in or around the
water may be harmed.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
154
continued
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SULPHUR BANK MERCURY MINE
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire site: In 1990, the EPA plans to conduct an investigation to
determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site. Once this
investigation is completed, scheduled for 1992, measures will be
recommended for cleanup.
JSninrpnmeritdl Progress
After adding proposing this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary
investigations and determined that no immediate actions were required at the Sulphur
Bank Mercury Mine site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being
planned, , ' .
155
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SYNERTEK,
(BUILDING 1)
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD990832735
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 13
Santa Clara County
Santa Clara
Site Description
From 1978 to 1986, electronics were manufactured in five buildings on the 3 1/2-acre
Synertek, Inc. (Building 1) site. Building 1 is adjacent to three underground storage
tanks used as a neutralization system which leaked volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
into the soil. These tanks were removed in 1985. At that time, it was discovered that
on-and off-site groundwater had become contaminated. Subsequently, Honeywell, the
property owner, installed three on- and two off-site groundwater extraction wells along
with an air stripping tower to treat the extracted groundwater. The extraction and
treatment system has been in operation since 1987. Approximately 300,000 people
obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of the site. The nearest
downgradient municipal well is located 1 1/2 miles north of the plume.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains various VOCs. Based on the monitoring data, there
are no indications that human exposure to site-related contaminants is
occurring.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
156
continued
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SYNERTEK, INC. (BUILDING 1)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1987, Honeywell installed three on- and two off-site
groundwater extraction wells along with an air stripping tower to treat the
extracted groundwater. The treated groundwater is discharged to the
storm drain as permitted by the State.
Entire Site: Synertek, under State monitoring, is conducting an
investigation to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the
site. Once the investigation is completed, scheduled for 1991, measures
will be recommended for final site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The treatment of groundwater has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water and will continue to protect residents near the Synertek,
Inc. (Building 1) site while studies are being conducted and final cleanup activities are
being planned.
157
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T.H. AGRICULT
AND NUTRITIO
COMPANY
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009106220
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 17-
Fresno County
Fresno
Alias:
Thompson-Hayward Chemical Company
The 2 1/2-acre T.H. Agriculture and Nutrition Company site was operated as a pesticide-
formulating facility from 1962 until 1981. Other companies formulated pesticides on
the site from 1950 to 1962. During the 1950s and 1960s, on-site landfills were used for
disposal of wastes generated from site operations, including pesticide-laden clays from
cleaning equipment. Waste has been spilled on the surface of the site and left in piles
on the ground. Sampling at the site conducted by the California Department of Health
Services (CDHS) detected pesticides in soil and groundwater. Approximately 30,000
people live within 3 miles of the site, with the closest resident being 500 feet from the
site. Approximately 35,000 people depend on groundwater as a source of drinking
water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with pesticides. Chloroform
is also contaminating the groundwater. People who touch or accidentally
ingest contaminated groundwater or soil may suffer adverse health
effects.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
158
continued
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T.H. AGRICULTURE AND NUTRITION COMPANY
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: T.H. Agriculture and Nutrition Company, under State
monitoring, excavated and removed 14,000 cubic yards of contaminated
soil.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible party has undertaken sampling to
characterize soil contamination, monitor groundwater, and characterize the
hydrogeology beneath the site. Extensive on-and off-site groundwater
studies were conducted. Currently, the results of the groundwater field study are being
studied to identify cleanup efforts that could be used at the site. The study is expected
to be completed in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil has greatly reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated materials at the T.H. Agriculture and Nutrition Company site while
studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
159
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TELEDYNE
SEMICONDUCT
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD009111444
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Mountain View
Site Description
TheTeledyne Semiconductor has operated as a manufacturer of semiconductors since
1962 at this 1-acre site. In 1982, Teledyne reported to the California Regional Water
Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) that soil and groundwater were contaminated with
solvents from an underground solvent storage tank. The State inspected the site in
1984 and found that contaminants had migrated north of the site and affected
approximately 50 private domestic wells. This is one of 28 sites in the South Bay Area
of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals,
primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common
groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA
intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide
approach to the contamination. This is a densely populated, urban area where
approximately 189,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site, all of whom
depend on groundwater as the source of drinking water. The distance from the site to
the nearest residence is 200 feet.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). People could be exposed to hazardous substances
from the site by swallowing or touching contaminated groundwater or
soil, and possibly by eating contaminated plants and animals. Also,
people could be exposed to hazardous substances by breathing
contaminated gases or dust particles that on-site cleanup workers could
release into the air.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
160
continued
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TELEDYNE SEMICONDUCTOR
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Teledyne is pumping contaminated groundwater in
the upper aquifer to the surface for treatment.
Entire Site: Teledyne is working with the CRWQCB to determine the
extent of contamination and to develop controls to prevent the further
spreading of contaminants in the soil and groundwater. In 1982, Teledyne
began a study of the nature and extent of contamination at the site. Teledyne plans to
complete the study in 1990, at which time the CRWQCB will select the remedies to
address contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treatment of contaminated groundwater have greatly reduced the
potential of exposure at the Teledyne Semiconductor site while further studies are
taking place and cleanup actions are being planned.
161
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TRACY
DEPOT
DEFENSE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA4971520834
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 14
San Joaquin County
11/2 miles southwest of Tracy
The 448-acre Tracy Defense Depot site was an Army Supply Depot from 1942 to 1963,
when it was turned over to the Defense Logistics Agency. Operations at the site
include repacking leaking chemical containers, fumigation of shipping materials, vehicle
maintenance, painting, storage of chemicals, preserving metal parts, operation of
chemical and photographic laboratories, storage and mixing of pesticides, and storage
and treatment of liquid and solid wastes. Liquid waste treatment and storage areas
include an unpaved storage area, two unlined sewage effluent ponds, two abandoned
sewage lagoons, two lined industrial wastewater ponds, an abandoned paint spraying/
stripping rinse water pond, an abandoned trench where 150 drums of waste oil were
buried, an unlined pond for holding storm water, an abandoned pesticide disposal
trench, an abandoned area where substantial amounts of formaldehyde were buried,
and aboveground and underground waste tanks. Hazardous materials (including
solvents, radioactive materials, medical supplies, and solid and liquid chemicals) were
disposed of in three burn pits. Former solid waste treatment/storage areas include a fill
area where food items were buried, a fill area where construction material was buried,
and three impoundments where wastes containing mercury phosphate compounds
were stored. Currently, all solid hazardous waste is hauled off site to federally
approved disposal facilities. According to tests conducted in 1985, the shallow aquifer
below the site is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Approximately
25,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. Water from Tracy's municipal well, which
is within 3 miles of the site, is blended with water from other wells and from the Delta
Mendota Canal to provide drinking water to approximately 28,600 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, heavy metals, and petroleum/oil
lubricants. People who swallow or touch contaminated groundwater may
face a health risk.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
162
continued
-------
TRACY DEFENSE DEPOT
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: The Army has been investigating base contamination
under the direction of the State. At the conclusion of the investigation,
remedy recommendations will be made for the cleanup of groundwater
contamination. An interim plan to contain contaminated groundwater has been
prepared.
Site Facts: Tracy Defense Depot is participating in the Installation Restoration Program
(IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense (DOD)
seeks to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous materials at DOD
facilities.
yi^ine^^
After proposing this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Tracy Defense Depot site
while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
163
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TRAVIS AIR
FORCE BASE
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CA5570024575
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Solano County
3 miles east of Fairfleld
Bite Description
Established in 1943, the 5,025-acre Travis Air Force Base serves as Military Air
Command Headquarters to the 22nd Air Force and as a Medical Center. The Air Force
has identified a number of potentially contaminated areas, including three landfills used
from 1943 to 1977, one of which (Landfill No. 3) was used for the disposal of crushed
and rinsed pesticide containers; areas where combustible wastes were burned for
firefighting exercises from 1943 to the mid-1970s; a pit where 250 pounds of cyanide
were buried in 1967; a solvent spill area where various volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) may.have been spilled during paint stripping operations; and the storm sewer
system, one of the most contaminated portions of the base, where chemical wastes
from the various shops were dumped throughout the history of the base. The old
decommissioned sewage treatment plant is also of concern because cracked oxidation
ponds may have contaminated the groundwater with pesticides and industrial
chemicals. Approximately 27,600 people live within 1 mile of the site, and 400 people
obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the base. The nearest well is 3,400
feet from the base. A spill of jet fuel in 1978 killed all aquatic wildlife along 2 miles of
Union Creek. The creek flows 1 mile to Hill Slough, which is a branch of Suisun Marsh,
a major coastal wetland. Because Hill Slough is tidally influenced, any contamination
can reach San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. Suisun Marsh is widely used for
various recreational activities and is a major stop for migratory birds on the Pacific
Flyway.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater has been contaminated with various VOCs and heavy
metals. Heavy metals, VOCs, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons .
(PAHs) were detected in storm sewers and surface water. VOCs were
found in Union Creek. People may face a health risk if they accidentally
ingest or touch contaminated groundwater or surface water.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
164
continued
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TRAVIS AIR FORCE BASE
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an initial action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: Twenty-seven underground storage tanks were removed
from the base in 1986.
Entire Site: The Air Force initiated an investigation into the-type and
extent of contamination in 1986. At the completion of the investigation,
scheduled for 1992, recommendations for final cleanup of the site will be
made.
Site Facts: Travis Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program
(IRP). Established in 1978, this program, directed by the Department of Defense
(DOD), seeks to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous materials
at DOD facilities.
The removal of underground storage tanks has reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminated materials at the Travis Air Force Base site while studies are taking place
and cleanup activities are being planned.
165
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TREASURE IS
NAVAL STATI
HUNTERS
POINT ANNEX
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CA1170090087
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
San Francisco County
San Francisco
Aliases:
Triple A Shipyard-Hunters Point Division
Hunters Point Naval Shipyard
The 936-acre Treasure Island Naval Station-Hunters Point Annex site was established in
1869 as the first dry dock on the Pacific Coast. The Navy purchased the installation in
1939 and leased it to Bethlehem Steel Company. The Navy operated Hunters Point
Annex as a shipbuilding and repair facility from 1941 until 1976. Triple A Machine Shop
then leased the facility from 1976 to 1986 and subleased numerous buildings to private
tenants. The Navy began investigation of potential hazardous waste contamination in
1984. A study in 1987 confirmed the presence of toxic contaminants in 11 site areas.
In 1989, the Navy began working with the California Department of Health Services
(CDHS) on an overall program to clean up these and other potentially contaminated
areas. The 11 areas are: Industrial Landfill, Bay Fill Area, Oil Reclamation Ponds, Scrap
Yard, Old Transformer Storage Yard, Tank Farm, Sub-Base Area, Building 503
Polychlorinated Blphenyl (PCB) Spill, Pickling and Plate Yard, Battery and Electroplating
Shop, and Building 521 Power Plant. A Technical Review Committee was formed in
1988. Members of the committee include representatives from the EPA, COMNAV-
BASE San Francisco; Treasure Island Naval Station; Western Division, Naval Facilities
Engineering Command; California Department of Health Services; California Regional
Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB); Bay Area Air Quality Management District-
Bay Conservation Development Commission; and the City and County of San
Francisco. A bottling company draws groundwater from a spring approximately 1 mile
from the site. Area surface waters are used for various recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/21/89
Threats and Contaminants
I
Groundwater, sediments, soil, and surface water are contaminated with
fuels, heavy metals, PCBs, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil
also contains asbestos. People who touch or accidentally ingest
contaminated soil, sediments, surface water, or groundwater may face a
health risk.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
166
continued
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TREASURE ISLAND NAVAL STATION-HUNTJEHS POINT A3W3WEX
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. .
Response Action Status
" immediate Actions: In 1988 and 1989, the Navy removed abandoned
hazardous materials and industrial wastes including lead-based paint,
flammables, corrosives, poisons, and waste oil including PCB
transformers. Approximately 1,500 drums of these materials were collected, tested,
packaged, labeled, and disposed of. PCB-bearing transformers, drums, and
contaminated soil were removed from the site.
Entire Site: An investigation into the extent and type of groundwater
contamination is currently under way. At the conclusion of the
investigation, scheduled for 1994, recommendations for cleanup of the
groundwater will be made.
Site Facts: Treasure Island Naval Station-Hunters Point Annex is participating in the
Installation Restoration Program (IRP), established in 1978. Under this program, the
Department of Defense is seeking to identify, investigate, and control the migration of
hazardous materials at its facilities.
The removal of hazardous materials, drums, transformers, and, contaminated soil has
greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Treasure
Island Naval Station-Hunters Point Annex site while studies are taking place and final
cleanup activities are being planned.
167
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TRW MICRO
INC. (BUILDIN
CALIFORNIA
EPAJJD# CAD009159088
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
Aliases:
Aertech Industries
FBI
The TRW Microwave, Inc. (Building 825) site neighbors three other NPL sites:
Signetics, Advanced Micro Devices, and Advanced Micro Devices #915. A
groundwater plume from the four sites covers 1/3 square mile in Sunnyvale. The TRW
Microwave facility was occupied by Aertech Industries from 1968 until it was sold to
TRW, Inc. in 1984. In 1987, TRW sold the facility to FEI Microwave, Inc., its current
occupant. The primary activity at the site was assembling and testing microwave
components, until semiconductor processing began in 1970. Assembly areas for
semiconductors use primarily solvents and small quantities of acids. The fabrication
areas and plating shop use solvents, acids, and heavy metals. The paint shop uses
paints and solvents. Groundwater beneath the site is contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). Acid rinsewater generated by the assembly processes is
neutralized on site and discharged to the City of Sunnyvale sewer system. However,
rinsewater containing metals is not sent to the neutralizers; it is collected in containers
and disposed of off site. An underground ammonia gas acid neutralization system was
installed when the facility first opened. Floor drains and acid sinks in the plating shop
were connected to buried plumbing that carried acid waste to the neutralization
system. This system was closed in 1986, and the underground piping was sealed. The
system was replaced with three aboveground tanks. Spent solvents were stored in
one of four on-site underground tanks. Since 1983, solvents have been stored in
drums and transported off site. The closest residence is located 1,200 feet north of the
site. Contaminants from the site have the potential to migrate to deep drinking water
aquifers. Municipal wells for the Cities of Santa Clara and Mountain View tap a deep
aquifer that serves approximately 300,000 people.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
L\
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/22/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil contain various VOCs. People who touch or
accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk. The
deep aquifer, used as a drinking water source, is not contaminated;
however, the shallow aquifer is contaminated. There are some
agricultural wells that could act as conduits between the shallow
contaminated aquifer and the deep aquifer.
Morch 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
168
continued
-------
TRW MICROWAVE. INC. (BUILDING 823)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Four spent solvent underground tanks, along with some
soil, were removed in 1973, 1976, 1980, and 1983. In 1984, 120 cubic
yards of contaminated soils were excavated and transported to a federally
approved hazardous waste facility. The site was backfilled to the surface with gravel,
and concrete was poured over the gravel to prevent rainwater from seeping into the pit.
This water extraction pit is part of an eight-well groundwater extraction system
operated by TRW. Since 1985, groundwater has been pumped from seven on-site
extraction wells and the pit to prevent VOCs from migrating off site and to extract the
groundwater for cleanup. On-site groundwater is treated by an air stripper and then
discharged to Calabasas Creek. In addition, groundwater has been pumped from a total
of 24 off-site extraction wells and conveyed through an underground piping system to
the air strippers located at the Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) #915 site.
Approximately 20% of the water is treated and then discharged to a storm drain which
empties into the Calabasas Creek. The remainder is used as process water by AMD
#915.
Entire Site: In 1989, TRW, under State monitoring, began investigating
the type and extent of contamination remaining on the site. Once this
investigation is completed, scheduled for 1991, measures will be
recommended for final cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1984, the State issued an order requiring Advanced Micro Devices,
Signetics, and TRW Microwave to develop a joint plan to prevent further migration of
contaminants. New orders in 1989 require TRW to submit an investigation and
proposed plan with American Micro Devices and Signetics.
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil and the extraction and treatment of
groundwater have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials
at the TRW Microwave site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are
being planned.
169
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UNITED H
CO.
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD981436363
S£te Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
Contra Costa County
Richmond
Alias:
Levin Richmond/Parr Canal Site
From 1948 through 1965, several companies leased the 13 1/2-acre United Heckathorn
Co. site to process chemicals. These owners included Parr Industrial Corporation
(1947-1961), Parr Richmond Terminal Corporation (1961-1981), and Levin-Richmond
Terminal Corporation (1981-present). In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Universal
Pigment and Chemical Company produced napalm on site. From 1958 to 1965,
Montrose Chemical Corporation contracted with United Heckathorn, United
Chemetrics, and ChemWest for pesticide-grinding services. United Heckathorn was
the last company to formulate pesticides at this site. The California Department of Fish
and Game has recorded several instances of chemicals being discharged into the
Lauritzen Canal, including naphthenic ac/tfin 1951 and the pesticide DDT in 1960. In
1980, the State found elevated levels of pesticides in the soil. In 1988, the EPA
detected DDT in the air at numerous locations on- and off-site. The site is adjacent to
the Lauritzen Canal. The canal is on the Richmond Inner Harbor, which is on the San
Francisco Bay. The Harbor is used for recreational and commercial fishing and shellfish
harvesting. A coastal wetland Is less than 1/2 mile from the site. Approximately 10,900
people live within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 03/14/90
Threats and Contaminants
Air contains various pesticides. Sediments in the Lauritzen Canal and soil
are contaminated with pesticides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
People who touch or accidentally ingest contaminated soil or sediments
may be at risk. Contaminants in the wetlands or other bodies of water
may harm wildlife in or around the water.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
170
continued
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UNITED HECKATHORN CO.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA is investigating the site to determine the extent of
contamination and to identify the cleanup actions needed at this site.
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the United Heckathorn site
while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
171
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VALLEY WO
PRESERVIN
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD063020143
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 15
Stanislaus County
1 1/2 miles southwest of Turlock
The 13-acre Valley Wood Preserving, Inc. site was in operation from 1973 until the
County revoked the company's license in 1979. The wood preserving process involved
pressure treating lumber with an aqueous chromated copper arsenate (CCA) solution.
This solution was mixed in an aboveground tank near the site boundary and stored in
three adjacent aboveground tanks. Water was piped to the mixing tanks from a well.
After the treatment cycle, the wood-treatment solution was drained into sumps and
pumped back to the mixing tank for reuse. The areas around the treatment cylinders
and storage tanks were unpaved during the first 2 years of operation. Asphalt paving
now covers areas where treated wood was once stored on the ground. Paved areas
were added from 1975 to 1978 as the plant increased production. In 1979, the
California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) identified toxic wood-
treating chemicals in an on-site storage pond, monitoring wells, and on- and off-site
soils. Approximately 34,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. The City of Turlock
municipal wells, which draw water from an aquifer underlying the site, serve 26,200
people within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, sludge, and soil contain chromium, arsenic, and copper.
The upper aquifer is contaminated. Private and irrigation wells draw water
from the upper aquifer. People who touch or accidentally ingest
contaminated groundwater or soil may suffer adverse health effects.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
172
continued
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VALLEY WOOD PRESERVING, INC.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term
remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: After closing the site, the company excavated and
disposed of approximately 1,500 cubic yards of contaminated soil. During
, initial groundwater cleanup from 1979 to 1983, approximately 70,000,000
gallons of chromium-contaminated groundwater were extracted. The groundwater was
treated by an electrochemical treatment process and discharged to the paved
depressions for evaporation. Additionally, Valley Wood Preserving removed sludge
from the tank which will be used to hold water for pumping; drilled several wells which
were originally used for monitoring, and some of which will be used for groundwater
extraction; removed underground storage tanks; and drilled four deep wells as an
alternate source of drinking water for four homes.
Entire site: The potentially responsible parties are conducting an
investigation to determine the type and extent of contamination on the
site. Scheduled for completion in 1991, this investigation will result in the
identification of final measures for site cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA and Valley Wood Preserving entered into a Consent
Order which required the company to conduct emergency actions including the on-site
removal and treatment of contaminated groundwater. In 1990, Valley Wood Preserving
and the EPA entered into a Consent Order requiring the company to conduct an
investigation of the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil, the extraction and treatment of
groundwater, and the provision of an alternate water supply have greatly reduced the
potential of exposure to site contaminants at the Valley Wood Preserving site while
further studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
173
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WASTE DIS
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD980884357,
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 33
Los Angeles County
Santa Fe Springs
The 40-acre Waste Disposal, Inc. site contains a concrete-lined pond/sump, oil sumps,
and a solid waste landfill. The company operated the facility from 1928 to 1965. A
waste pond and a plating shop were once located on the property. The facility was
licensed by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) to accept
acetylene sludge, brewery residue, and fluids from cesspool operations. It was also
licensed by the Los Angeles County Engineers to accept rotary drilling muds,
construction debris, and oil field sump sludges. The 15,000 residents of Santa Fe
Springs obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the site. The closest
residence in within 50 yards of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL. LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
The soil is contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs),
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals including nickel,
copper, and zinc. People may be exposed to potential health hazards
from touching or accidentally ingesting contaminants in the soil.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
174
continued
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WASTE DISPOSAL, INC.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term
remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: A fence was erected around the site in 1988 by the
EPA to eliminate the stirring up of contaminated dust caused by traffic on
the site.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA began a study to determine the nature and
extent of contamination at the site, and to identify possible long-term
cleanup actions. The selection of cleanup measures is scheduled for 1990.
The fencing of the site has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated dusts at
the Waste Disposal, Inc. site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are
being planned.
175
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WATKINS-,
COMPANY
DIVISION)
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980893234
(STE
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 16
Santa Cruz County
Scotts Valley
The plant on the 3-acre Watkins-Johnson Company (Stewart Division) site began to
manufacture industrial furnaces and electrical parts in 1963. The California Regional
Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) and Watkins-Johnson detected volatile organic
chemicals (VOCs) in the on-site soil and groundwater in 1984. The contamination
probably resulted from improper handling of hazardous waste generated during plant
operations. Access to the site is limited to employees by a fence and controlled gate.
Approximately 10,600 people living within a 3-mile radius of the site obtain their
drinking water entirely from groundwater sources.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
/
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, and soil are contaminated with various
VOCs. On-site workers could be exposed to contaminants when touching
or accidentally ingesting contaminants. Site-related contaminants could
accumulate in livestock and crops grown near the site; therefore, area
residents may be exposed to site-related contaminants when consuming
locally produced meats and produce.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE S
176
TES
continued
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WATKINS-JOHNSON COMPANY (STEWART DIVISION)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: In response to a Cleanup and Abatement Order from the
CRWQCB, the Watkins-Johnson Company began an interim program to
pump and treat contaminated groundwater in 1986.
Entire Site: The remedy selected by the EPA in 1990 includes: (1)
installing a soil vapor extraction system; (2) installing a groundwater
extraction treatment system; (3) treating the extracted groundwater with
granular activated carbon and discharging the treated groundwater into
Bean Creek; and (4) monitoring the groundwater and soil. The parties potentially
responsible for site contamination plan to begin the.design of these cleanup
technologies in 1991. Cleanup work is expected to take approximately 10 years.
Ejfiuifonniental Progress
After proposing this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Watkins-Johnson Company
site while cleanup activities are being planned.
177
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WESTER
RAILRO
CALIFORNIA
EPA ID# CAD980894679
Site Description
REGION
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Butte County
2 miles south of Orovllle
Aliases:
Western Pacific Railroad
Roundhouse Facility and Yard
The 90-acre Western Pacific Railroad Co. site operated as a rail yard from 1920 until
1982 near Oroville. A wooden structure known as the roundhouse was used to fuel,
repair, service, and clean rail cars. Specific activities included sandblasting, welding,
cutting, and fabricating. As a result of these activities, waste solvents, oils, grease, and
wastewaters containing heavy metals were discharged to an unlined surface
impoundment until 1987. A concrete tank containing an unknown oily-like substance is
also located on site. Waste oil and grease-contaminated soil piles are located adjacent
to the site. Four California Water Service Company wells are located within 3 miles of
the site. Water from the wells is blended with water from the Feather River to serve
the company's 10,000 customers. One of the wells is on the site and is leased to
Western Pacific. The Feather River is located 1 mile from the site in the direction of
surface water runoff, and is used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on site is contaminated with chromium and various volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). Sludges and soil from the surface
impoundment are contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, lead,
and chromium. Potential health threats to people include drinking,
accidentally ingesting, or drinking contaminated groundwater, soil, and
sludges.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
178
continued
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WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD CO.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The State recently performed a site inspection to verify
whether there was any potential for exposure to contaminants. Based on
the results of the investigation, it has been determined that the assumed
source of contamination has been eliminated, and the State and the EPA are
considering proposing that the site be removed from the NPL. The State will continue
monitoring conditions at the site. .
Site Facts: In 1989, the State issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order to Union Pacific
and Solano Railcar, the potentially responsible parties, that required them to sample
abandoned water supply wells to determine the best way to seal them, install a water
separator to collect runoff from locomotives, and install equipment to prevent runoff.
Environmental Progress
At the time that this summary was written, this site just obtained NPL status and it was
too early to discuss environmental progress. The EPA will continue to asses the site to
determine that no other sources of contamination exist at the Western Pacific Railroad
Co. site.
179
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WESTINGHOUpE
ELECTRIC CO\
(SUNNYVALE PLANT
CALIFORNIA
EPAID# CAD001864081
Site Description
REGION 9
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 12
Santa Clara County
Sunnyvale
The 75-acre Westinghouse (Sunnyvale Plant) site was formerly used to manufacture
electrical transformers and currently is used to manufacture steam generators, marine
propulsion systems, and missile launching systems for the Department of Defense.
Groundwater contamination is believed to have resulted from a leaking polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) storage tank and from localized spills. This is one of 28 sites in the
South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic
chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which have contaminated a common
groundwater basin. Although the sites are listed separately on the NPL, the EPA
intends to combine cleanup activities at some of the sites as part of an area-wide
approach to the contamination. Most of the contaminated areas on site have been
removed or have been paved over. Access to the site is restricted. Approximately
710,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. The nearest residence is located
adjacent to the site. Approximately 300,000 people depend on groundwater within 3
miles of the site for drinking water. There are no private wells within the vicinity of the
site. However, area municipal wells are located within 1/4 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/01/86
Threats and Contaminants
II
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with PCBs and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Potential health threats to people include
accidentally ingesting or touching contaminants.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
180
continued
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WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP. (SUNNYVALE PLANT)
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Westinghouse removed contaminated soils in 1984
and 1985 and a gasoline tank in 1986.
Entire Site: The Westinghouse Electric Corp., under EPA monitoring,
currently is conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site. The investigation will define the contaminants
and recommend alternatives for the final cleanup. The investigation is planned to be
completed in 1991.
Site Facts: In 1985, the State issued Waste Discharge Requirements to Westinghouse
requiring them to conduct interim measures and investigate the nature and extent of
contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and a gasoline tank greatly reduced the potential of
exposure to contaminated materials at the Westinghouse {Sunnyvale Plant) site while
studies are taking place and cleanup 'activities are being planned.
181
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his glossary defines the italicized terms used in the
site fact sheets for the State of California. The terms
and abbreviations contained in this glossary are often
defined in the context of hazardous waste management as
described in the site fact sheets, and apply specifically to work
performed under the Superfund program. Thus, these terms
may have other meanings when used in a different context.
Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH (less than
7.0) that are used in chemical manufacturing. Acids in
high concentration can be very corrosive and react with
many inorganic and organic substances. These reactions
may possibly create toxic compounds or release heavy
metal contaminants that remain in the environment long
after the acid is neutralized.
Administrative Order On Consent: A legal and enforceable agreement between EPA
and the parties potentially responsible for site contamination. Under the terms of the
Order, the potentially responsible parties agree to perform or pay for site studies or
cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules, responsibilities and enforcement options
that the government may exercise in the event of non-compliance by potentially respon-
sible parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the government; it does not require
approval by a judge.
Administrative Order [Unilateral]: A legally binding document issued by EPA direct-
ing the parties potentially responsible to perform site cleanups or studies (generally,
EPA does not issue unilateral orders for site studies).
Aeration: A process that promotes breakdown of contaminants in soil or water by
exposing them to air.
Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) are removed from
contaminated material by forcing a stream of air through it in a pressurized vessel. The
contaminants are evaporated into the air stream. The air may be further treated before
it is released into the atmosphere.
Alluvial: An area of sand, clay, or other similar material that has been gradually depos-
ited by moving water, such as along a river bed or the shore of a lake.
G-l
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GLOSSARY
Ambient Air: Any unconfined part of the atmosphere. Refers to the air that may be
inhaled by workers or residents in the vicinity of contaminated air sources.
Aquifer: An underground layer of rock, sand, or gravel capable of storing water within
cracks and pore spaces, or between grains. When water contained within an aquifer is
of sufficient quantity and quality, it can be tapped and used for drinking or other pur-
poses. The water contained in the aquifer is called groundwater.
Arroyo: A dry gully; a rivulet or streambed.
Artesian (Well): A well made by drilling into the earth until water is reached which,
from internal pressure, flows up like a fountain.
Backfill: To refill an excavated area with removed earth; or the material itself that is
used to refill an excavated area.
Bases: Substances characterized by high pH (greater than 7.0), which tend to be corro-
sive in chemical reactions. When bases are mixed with acids, they neutralize each other,
forming salts.
Berm: A ledge, wall, or a mound of earth used to prevent the migration of contami-
nants.
Bioaccumulate: The process by which some contaminants or toxic chemicals gradually
collect and increase in concentration in living tissue, such as in plants, fish, or people as
they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food.
Bioremediation: A cleanup process using naturally occurring or specially cultivated
microorganisms to digest contaminants naturally and break them down into nonhaz-
ardous components.
Borehole: A hole drilled into the ground used to sample soil and groundwater.
Borrow Pit: An excavated area where soil, sand, or gravel has been dug up for use
elsewhere.
Cap: A layer of material, such as clay or a synthetic material, used to prevent rainwater
from penetrating and spreading contaminated materials. The surface of the cap is
generally mounded or sloped so water will drain off.
Carbon Adsorption: A treatment system in which contaminants are removed from
groundwater and surface water by forcing water through tanks containing activated
G-2
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carbon, a specially treated material that attracts and holds or retains contaminants.
Carbon Disulfide: A degreasing agent formerly used extensively for parts washing.
This compound has both inorganic and organic properties, which increase cleaning
efficiency. However, these properties also cause chemical reactions that increase its
hazard to human health and the environment.
Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorption].
Cell: In solid waste disposal, one of a series of holes in a landfill where waste is
dumped, compacted, and covered with layers of dirt.
Chromated Copper Arsenate: An insecticide/herbicide formed from salts of three toxic
metals: copper, chromium, and arsenic. This salt is used extensively as a wood pre-
servative in pressure-treating operations. It is highly toxic and water soluble, making it
a relatively mobile contaminant in the environment.
Closure: The process by which a landfill stops accepting wastes and is shut down
under Federal guidelines that ensure the public and the environment is protected.
Confluence: The place where two bodies of water, such as streams, come together.
Consent Decree: A legal document, approved and issued by a judge, formalizing an
agreement between EPA and the parties potentially responsible for site contamination.
The decree describes cleanup actions that the potentially responsible parties are re-
quired to perform and/or the costs incurred by the government that the parties will
reimburse, as well as the roles, responsibilities, and enforcement options that the gov-
ernment may exercise in the event of non-compliance by potentially responsible parties.
If a settlement between EPA and a potentially responsible party includes cleanup ac-
tions, it must be in the form of a consent decree. A consent decree is subject to a public
comment period.
Consent Order: [see Administrative Order on Consent].
Containment: The process of enclosing or containing hazardous substances in a struc-
ture, typically in ponds and lagoons, to prevent the migration of contaminants into the
environment.
Cooperative Agreement: A contract between EPA and the states wherein a State agrees
to manage or monitor certain site cleanup responsibilities and other activities on a cost-
sharing basis.
G-3
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GLOSSARY
Creosotes: Chemicals used in wood preserving operations and produced by distillation
of tar, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bons [see PAHs and PNAs]. Contaminating sediments, soils, and surface water, creo-
sotes may cause skin ulcerations and cancer with prolonged exposure.
Culvert: A pipe under a road, railroad track, path, or through an embankment used for
drainage.
De minimis: This legal phrase pertains to settlements with parties who contributed
small amounts of hazardous waste at a site. This process allows EPA to settle with
small, or de minimis contributors, as a single group rather than as individuals, saving
time, money, and effort.
Decommission: To revoke a license to operate and take out of service.
Degrease: To remove grease from wastes, soils, or chemicals, usually using solvents.
Dewaten To remove water from wastes, soils, or chemicals.
Downgradienb A downward hydrologic slope that causes groundwater to move
toward lower elevations. Therefore, wells downgradient of a contaminated groundwater
source are prone to receiving pollutants.
Downslope: [see Downgradient].
Effluent: Wastewater, treated or untreated, that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer,
or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters.
Emulsifiers: Substances that helps in mixing materials that don't normally mix; e.g., oil
and water.
Estuary (estuarine): Areas where fresh water from rivers and salt water from nearshore
ocean waters are mixed. These areas may include bays, mouths of rivers, salt marshes,
and lagoons. These water ecosystems shelter and feed marine life, birds, and wildlife.
Fly ash: Non-combustible residue that results from the combustion of flue gases. It can
include nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides, as well as many
other chemical pollutants.
French Drain System: A crushed rock drain system constructed of perforated pipes,
which is used to drain and disperse wastewater.
G-4
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Gasification (coal): The conversion of soft coal into gas for use as a fuel.
Generator: A facility that emits pollutants into the air or releases hazardous wastes into
water or soil.
Good Faith Offer: A voluntary offer, generally in response to a Special Notice letter,
made by a potentially responsible party that consists of a written proposal demonstrat-
ing a potentially responsible party's qualifications and willingness to perform a site
study or cleanup. -
Halogens: Reactive non-metals, such as chlorine and bromine. Halogens are very good
oxidizing agents and, therefore, have many industrial uses. They are rarely found by
themselves; however, many chemicals such as polychlormated biphenyls (PCBs), some
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and dioxin are reactive because of the presence of
halogens. .
Hot Spot: An area or vicinity of a site containing exceptionally high levels of contami-
nation.
Hydrogeology: The geology of ground water, with particular emphasis on the chemis-
try and movement of water.
Impoundment: A body of water or sludge confined by a dam, dike, floodgate, or other
barrier.
Influent: Water, wastewater, or other liquid flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treat-
ment plant. , ,
Installation Restoration Program: The specially funded program established in 1978
under which the Department of Defense has been identifying and evaluating its hazard-
ous waste sites and controlling the migration of hazardous contaminants from those
sites. --'.-
Intake: The source where a water supply is drawn from, such as from a river or water-
bed.
Interagency Agreement: A written agreement between EPA and a Federal agency that
has the lead for site cleanup activities (e.g. the Department ofDefense), that sets forth
the roles and responsibilities of the agencies for performing and overseeing the activi-
ties. States are often parties to interagency agreements.
G-5
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GLOSSARY
, x= tf >
Lagoon: A shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and pxygen work to purify
wastewater. Lagoons are typically used for the storage of wastewaters, sludges, liquid
wastes, or spent nuclear fuel.
Landfarm: To apply waste to land and/or incorporate waste into the surface soil, such
as fertilizer or soil conditioner. This practice is commonly used for disposal of com-
posted wastes.
Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is placed in or on land.
Leachate [n]: The liquid that trickles through or drains from waste, carrying soluble
components from the waste. Leach, Leaching [v.tj: The process by which soluble
chemical components are dissolved and carried through soil by water or some other
percolating liquid.
Long-term Remedial Phase: Distinct, often incremental, steps that are taken to solve
site pollution problems. Depending on the complexity, site cleanup activities can be
separated into a number of these phases.
Migration: The movement of oil, gas, contaminants, water, or other liquids through
porous and permeable rock.
Mine (or Mill) Tailings: A fine, sandy residue left from ore milling operations. Tail-
ings often contain high concentrations of lead and arsenic or other heavy metals.
Mitigation: Actions taken to improve site conditions by limiting, reducing, or control-
ling toxicity and contamination sources.
Neutrals: Organic compounds that have a relatively neutral pH, complex structure
and, due to their organic bases, are easily absorbed into the environment. Naphthalene,
pyrene, and trichlorobenzene are examples of neutrals.
Nitroaromatics: Common component of explosive materials, which will explode if
activated by very high temperatures or pressures; 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a ni-
troaromatic.
Notice Letter: A General Notice Letter notifies the parties potentially responsible for
site contamination of their possible liability. A Special Notice Letter begins a 60-day
formal period of negotiation during which EPA is not allowed to start work at a site or
initiate enforcement actions against potentially responsible parties, although EPA may
undertake certain investigatory and planning activities. The 60-day period may be
extended if EPA receives a good faith offer [see Good Faith Offer] within that period.
G-6
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Outfall: The place where wastewater is discharged into receiving waters.
Overpacking: Process used for isolating large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap-
sulating waste to prevent further spread or leakage of contaminating materials. Leak-
ing drums may be contained within oversized barrels as an interim measure prior to
removal and final disposal.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP): A synthetic, modified petrochemical that is used as a wood
preservative because of its toxicity to termites and fungi. It is a common component of
creosotes and can cause cancer.
Perched (groundwater): Groundwater separated from another underlying body of
ground water by a confining layer, often clay or rock.
Percolation: The downward flow or filtering of water or other liquids through subsur-
face rock or soil layers, usually continuing downward to groundwater.
Petrochemicals: Chemical substances produced from petroleum in refinery operations
and as fuel oil residues. These include fluoranthene, chrysene, mineral spirits, and
refined oils. Petrochemicals are the bases from which volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), plastics, and many pesticides are made. These chemical substances are often
toxic to humans and the environment.
Phenols: Organic compounds that are used in plastics manufacturing and are by-
products of petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye, and resin manufacturing. Phenols
are highly poisonous and can make water taste and smell bad.
Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater flowing from a specific source. The
movement of the groundwater is influenced by such factors as local groundwater flow
patterns, the character of the aquifer in which groundwater is contained, and the den-
sity of contaminants.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons or Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): PAHs,
such as pyrene, are a group of highly reactive organic compounds found in motor oil.
They are a common component of creosotes and can cause cancer.
Polyehlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): A group of toxic chemicals used for a variety of
purposes including electrical applications, carbonless copy paper, adhesives, hydraulic
fluids, microscope emersion oils, and caulking compounds. PCBs are also produced in
certain combustion processes. PCBs are extremely persistent in the environment be-
cause they are very stable, non-reactive, and highly heat resistant. Burning them pro-
duces even more toxins. Chronic exposure to PCBs is believed to cause liver damage. It
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GLOSSARY
is also known to bioaccumulate in fatty tissues. PCB use and sale was banned in 1979
with the passage of the Toxic Substances Control Act
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PNAs): PNAs, such as naphthalene, and biphen-
yls, are a group of highly reactive organic compounds that are a common component of
creosotes, which can be carcinogenic.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A plastic made from the gaseous substance vinyl chloride.
PVC is used to make pipes, records, raincoats, and floor tiles. Health risks from high
concentrations of vinyl chloride include liver cancer and lung cancer, as well as cancer
of the lymphatic and nervous systems.
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs): Parties, including owners, who may have
contributed to the contamination at a Superfund site and may be liable for costs of
response actions. Parties are considered PRPs until they admit liability or a court makes
a determination of liability. This means that PRPs may sign a consent decree or admin-
istrative order on consent [see Administrative Order on Consent] to participate in site
cleanup activity without admitting liability.
Radionuclides: Elements, including radium, and uranium-235 and -238, which break
down and produce radioactive substances due to their unstable atomic structure. Some
are man-made and others are naturally occurring in the environment. Radon, which is
the gaseous form of radium, decays to form alpha particle radiation, which can be easily
blocked by skin. However, it can be inhaled, which allows alpha particles to affect
unprotected tissues directly and thus cause cancer. Uranium, when split during fission
in a nuclear reactor, forms more radionuclides which, when ingested, can also cause
cancer. Radiation also occurs naturally through the breakdown of granite stones.
Remedial: A course of study combined with actions to correct site contamination
problems through identifying the nature and extent of cleanup strategies under the
Superfund program.
Retention Pond: A small body of liquid used for disposing wastes and to contain
overflow from production facilities. Sometimes retention ponds are used to expand the
capacity of such structures as lagoons to store waste.
Runoff: The discharge of water over land into surface water. It can carry pollutants
from the air and land into receiving waters.
Sediment: The layer of soil, sand and minerals at the bottom of surface waters, such as
streams, lakes, and rivers that absorb contaminants.
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Seeps: Specific points where releases of liquid (usually lea?
disposal areas, particularly along the lower edges of landfills.
i from waste
Seepage Pits: A hole, shaft, or cavity in the ground used for storage of liquids, usually
in the form of leachate, from waste disposal areas. The liquid gradually leaves the pit
by moving through the surrounding soil.
Septage: Residue remaining in a septic tank after the treatment process.
Sinkhole: A hollow depression in the land surface in which drainage collects; associ-
ated with underground caves and passages that facilitate the movement of liquids.
Sludge: Semi-solid residues from industrial or water treatment processes that may be
contaminated with hazardous materials.
Slurry Wall: Barriers used to contain the flow of contaminated groundwater or subsur-
face liquids. Slurry walls are constructed by digging a trench around a contaminated
area and filling the trench with an impermeable material that prevents water from
passing through it. The groundwater or contaminated liquids trapped within the area
surrounded by the slurry wall can be extracted and treated.
Stabilization: The process of changing an active substance into inert, harmless mate-
rial, or physical activities at a site that act to limit the further spread of contamination
without actual reduction of toxicity. ,
Stillbottom: Residues left over from the process of recovering spent solvents.
Stripping: A process used to remove volatile contaminants from a substance [see Air
Stripping].
Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid runoff for drainage or disposal.
Surge Tanks: A holding structure used to absorb irregularities in flow of liquids, in-
cluding liquid waste materials.
Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, colorless liquid with a low boiling point. TCE has
manyiridustrial applications, including use as a solvent and as a metal degreasing
agent. TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled, ingested, or through skin contact and
can damage vital organs, especially the liver [see also Volatile Organic Compounds].
Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see Administrative Order on Consent].
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GLOSSARY
Upgradient: An upward slope; demarks areas that are higher than contaminated areas
and, therefore, are not prone to contamination by the movement of polluted groundwa-
ter.
Upslope: Upstream; often used relative to groundwater [see Upgradient].
Vegetated Soil Cap: A cap constructed with graded soils and seed for vegetative
growth to prevent erosion [see Cap].
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): VOCs are made as secondary petrochemicals.
They include light alcohols, acetone, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, dichloroeth-
ylene, benzene, vinyl chloride, toluene, and methylene chloride. These potentially toxic
chemicals are used as solvents, degreasers, paints, thinners, and fuels. Because of their
volatile nature, they readily evaporate into the air, increasing the potential exposure to
humans. Due to their low water solubility, environmental persistence, and widespread
industrial use, they are commonly found in soil and groundwater.
Watershed: The land area that drains into a stream or other water body.
Wetland: An area that is regularly saturated by surface or groundwater and, under
normal circumstances, capable of supporting vegetation typically adapted for life in
saturated soil conditions. Wetlands, are critical to sustaining many species of fish and
wildlife. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, and bogs. Wetlands may be
either coastal or inland. Coastal wetlands have salt or brackish (a mixture of salt and
fresh) water, and most have tides, while inland wetlands are non-tidal and freshwater.
Coastal wetlands are an integral component of estuaries.
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