EPA/540/4-90/015
September 1990
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES:
Indiana
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Emergency & Remedial Response
Office of Program Management
Washington, B.C. 20460
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If you wish to purchase copies of any additional State volumes or the National
Overview volume, Superfund: Focusing on the Nation at Large, contact:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487-4600
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PAGE
INTRODUCTION:
A Brief Overview .....iii
SUPERFUND:
How Does the Program Work to Clean Up Sites vii
How To:
Using the State Volume xvii
NPL SITES:
A State Overview
THE NPL PROGRESS REPORT xxiii
NPL: Site Fact Sheets 1
'"'"" ' ' : a * ': f . %v* V s s,. >« % $-.-.? " v* % ~ yWf. . ..
GLOSSARY:
Terms Used in the Fact Sheets G-1
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II
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WHY THE SUPERFUND
PROGRAM?
s the 1970s came to a
close, a series of head-
line stories gave
Americans a look at the
dangers of dumping indus-
trial and urban wastes on the
land. First there was New
York's Love Canal. Hazard-
ous waste buried there over a
25-year period contaminated
streams and soil, and endan-
gered the health of nearby
residents. The result: evacu-
ation of several hundred
people. Then the leaking
barrels at the Valley of the
Drums in Kentucky attracted
public attention, as did the
dioxin tainted land and water
in Times Beach, Missouri.
In all these cases, human
health and the environment
were threatened, lives were
disrupted, property values
depreciated. It became in-
creasingly clear that there
were large numbers of serious
hazardous waste problems
that were falling through the
cracks of existing environ-
mental laws. The magnitude
of these emerging problems
moved Congress to enact the
Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensa-
tion, and Liability Act in 1980.
CERCLA commonly
known as the Superfund
was the first Federal law
established to deal with the
dangers posed by the
Nation's hazardous waste
sites.
After Discovery, the Problem
Intensified
Few realized the size of the
problem until EPA began the
process of site discovery and
site evaluation. Not hun-
dreds, but thousands of
potential hazardous waste
sites existed, and they pre-
sented the Nation with some
of the most complex pollution
problems it had ever faced.
In the 10 years since the
Superfund program began,
hazardous waste has surfaced
as a major environmental
concern in every part of the
United States. It wasn't just
the land that was contami-
nated by past disposal prac-
tices. Chemicals in the soil
were spreading into the
groundwater (a source of
drinking water for many) and
into streams, lakes, bays, and
wetlands. Toxic vapors
contaminated the air at some
sites, while at others improp-
erly disposed or stored
wastes threatened the health
of the surrounding commu-
nity and the environment.
EPA Identified More than
1,200 Serious Sites
EPA has identified 1,236
hazardous waste sites as the
most serious in the Nation.
These sites comprise the
"National Priorities List":
sites targeted for cleanup
under the Superfund. But site
discoveries continue, and
EPA estimates that, while
some will be deleted after
lengthy cleanups, this list,
commonly called the NPL,
will continue to grow by ap-
proximately 100 sites per
year, reaching 2,100 sites by
the year 2000.
THE NATIONAL
CLEANUP EFFORT IS
MUCH MORE THAN
THE NPL
From the beginning of the
program, Congress recog-
nized that the Federal govern-
ment could not and should
not address all environmental
problems stemming from past
disposal practices. Therefore,
the EPA was directed to set
priorities and establish a list
of sites to target. Sites on the
NPL (1,236) are thus a rela-
iii
-------
lively small subset of a larger
inventory of potential hazard-
ous waste sites, but they do
comprise the most complex
and environmentally compel-
ling cases. EPA has logged
more than 32,000 sites on its
National hazardous waste
inventory, and assesses each
site within one year of being
logged. In fact, over 90 per-
cent of the sites on the inven-
tory have been assessed. Of
the assessed sites, 55 percent
have been found to require no
further Federal action because
they did not pose significant
human health or environ-
mental risks. The remaining
sites are undergoing further
assessment to determine if
long-term Federal cleanup
activities are appropriate.
EPA IS MAKING
PROGRESS ON SITE
CLEANUP
The goal of the Superfund
program is to tackle immedi-
ate dangers first, and then
move through the progressive
steps necessary to eliminate
any long-term risks to public
health and the environment.
The Superfund responds
immediately to sites posing
imminent threats to human
health and the environment
at both NPL sites and sites
notontheNPL. The purpose
is to stabilize, prevent, or
temper the effects of a haz-
ardous release, or the threat
of one. These might include
tire fires or transportation
accidents involving the spill
of hazardous chemicals.
Because they reduce the
threat a site poses to human
health and the environment,
immediate cleanup actions
are an integral part of the
Superfund program.
Immediate response to immi-
nent threats is one of the
Superfund's most noted
achievements. Where immi-
nent threats to the public or
environment were evident,
EPA has completed or moni-
tored emergency actions that
attacked the most serious
threats to toxic exposure in
more than 1,800 cases.
The ultimate goal for a haz-
ardous waste site on the NPL
is a permanent solution to an
environmental problem that
presents a serious (but not an
imminent) threat to the public
or environment. This often
requires a long-term effort. In
the last four years, EPA has
aggressively accelerated its
efforts to perform these long-
term cleanups of NPL sites.
More cleanups were started
in 1987, when the Superfund
law was amended, than in
any previous year. And in
1989 more sites than ever
reached the construction
stage of the Superfund
cleanup process. Indeed
construction starts increased
by over 200 percent between
late 1986 and 1989! Of the
sites currently on the NPL,
more than 500 nearly half
have had construction
cleanup activity. In addition,
over 500 more sites are pres-
ently in the investigation
stage to determine the extent
of site contamination, and to
identify appropriate cleanup
remedies. Many other sites
with cleanup remedies se-
lected are poised for the start
of cleanup construction activ-
ity. Measuring success by
"progress through the
cleanup pipeline," EPA is
clearly gaining momentum.
EPA MAKES SURE
CLEANUP WORKS
EPA has gained enough
experience in cleanup con-
struction to understand that
environmental protection
does not end when the rem-
edy is in place. Many com-
plex technologies like
those designed to clean up
groundwater must operate
for many years in order to
accomplish their objectives.
EPA's hazardous waste site
managers are committed to
proper operation and mainte-
nance of every remedy con-
structed. No matter who has
been delegated responsibility
for monitoring the cleanup
work, the EPA will assure
that the remedy is carefully
followed and that it continues
to do its job.
Likewise, EPA does not
abandon a site even after the
cleanup work is done. Every
IV
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five years the Agency reviews
each site where residues from
hazardous waste cleanup still
remain to ensure that public
and environmental health are
still being safeguarded. EPA
will correct any deficiencies
discovered and report to the
public annually on all five-
year reviews conducted that
year.
CITIZENS HELP SHAPE
DECISIONS
Superfund activities also
depend upon local citizen
participation. EPA's job is to
analyze the hazards and
deploy the experts, but the
Agency needs citizen input as
it makes choices for affected
communities.
Because the people in a
community with a Superfund
site will be those most di-
rectly affected by hazardous
waste problems and cleanup
processes, EPA encourages
citizens to get involved in
cleanup decisions. Public in-
volvement and comment does
influence EPA cleanup plans
by providing valuable infor-
mation about site conditions,
community concerns and
preferences.
This State volume and the
companion National Over-
view volume provide general
Superfund background
information and descriptions
of activities at each State NPL
site. These volumes are
intended to clearly describe
what the problems are, what
EPA and others participating
in site cleanups are doing,
and how we as a Nation can
move ahead in solving these
serious problems.
USING THE STATE AND
NATIONAL VOLUMES
IN TANDEM
To understand the big picture
on hazardous waste cleanup,
citizens need to hear about
both environmental progress
across the country and the
cleanup accomplishments
closer to home. The public
should understand the chal-
lenges involved in hazardous
waste cleanup and the deci-
sions we must make as a
Nation in finding the best
solutions.
The National Overview
volume Superfund: focus-
ing on the Nation at Large
accompanies this State vol-
ume. The National Overview
contains important informa-
tion to help you understand
the magnitude and challenges
facing the Superfund pro-
gram as well as an overview
of the National cleanup effort.
The sections describe the
nature of the hazardous
waste problem nationwide,
threats and contaminants at
NPL sites and their potential
effects on human health and
the environment, the Super-
fund program's successes in
cleaning up the Nation's
serious hazardous waste sites,
and the vital roles of the
various participants in the
cleanup process.
This State volume compiles
site summary fact sheets on
each State site being cleaned
up under the Superfund
program. These sites repre-
sent the most serious hazard-
ous waste problems in the
Nation, and require the most
complicated and costly site
solutions yet encountered.
Each State book gives a
"snapshot" of the conditions
and cleanup progress that has
been made at each NPL site in
the State through the first half
of 1990. Conditions change as
our cleanup efforts continue,
so these site summaries will
be updated periodically to
include new information on
progress being made.
To help you understand the
cleanup accomplishments
made at these sites, this State
volume includes a description
of the process for site discov-
ery, threat evaluation and
long-term cleanup of Super-
fund sites. This description
How Does the Program
Work to Clean Up Sites?
will serve as a good reference
point from which to review
the cleanup status at specific
sites. A glossary also is
included at the back of the
book that defines key terms
used in the site fact sheets as
they apply to hazardous
waste management.
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VI
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he diverse problems posed by the Nation's hazardous
waste sites have provided EPA with the challenge to
oil establish a consistent approach for evaluating and
cleaning up the Nation's most serious sites. To do this, EPA
had to step beyond its traditional role as a regulatory agency
to develop processes and guidelines for each step in these
technically complex site cleanups. EPA has established proce-
dures to coordinate the efforts of its Washington, D.C. Head-
quarters program offices and its front-line staff in 10 Regional
Offices with the State governments, contractors, and private
parties who are participating in site cleanup. An important
part of the process is that any time during cleanup, work can
be led by EPA or the State or, under their monitoring, by
private parties who are potentially responsible for site con-
tamination.
The process for discovery of the site, evaluation of threat, and
long-term cleanup of Superfund sites is summarized in the
following pages. The phases of each of these steps are high-
lighted within the description. The flow diagram below pro-
vides a summary of this three step process.
STEP1
Discover site
and determine
whether an
emergency
exists *
STEP 2
Evaluate whether
a site is a serious
threat to public
health or
environment
STEP 3
Perform long-term
cleanup actions on
the most serious
hazardous waste
sites in the Nation
* Emergency actions are performed whenever needed in this three-step process
FIGURE 1
Although this State book provides a current "snapshot" of site progress made only by emer-
gency actions and long-term cleanup actions at Superfund sites, it is important to understand
the discovery and evaluation process that leads up to identifying and cleaning up these most
serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the Nation. This discovery and
evaluation process is the starting point for this summary description.
vu
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How does EPA1
about potential
hazardous ws&$\
sites?
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STEP 1: SITE DISCOVERY AND EMERGENCY
EVALUATION
Site discovery occurs in a number of ways. Information
comes from concerned citizens people may notice an odd
taste or foul odor in their drinking water, or see half-buried
leaking barrels; a hunter may come across a field where waste
was dumped illegally. Or there may be an explosion or fire
which alerts the State or local authorities to a problem. Rou-
tine investigations by State and local governments, and re-
quired reporting and inspection of facilities that generate,
treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste also help keep EPA
informed about either actual or potential threats of hazardous
substance releases. All reported sites or spills are recorded in
the Superfund inventory (CERCLIS) for further investigation
to determine whether they will require cleanup.
As soon as a potential hazardous waste site is reported, EPA
determines whether there is an emergency requiring an imme-
diate cleanup action. If there is, they act as quickly as possible
to remove or stabilize the imminent threat. These short-term
emergency actions range from building a fence around the
contaminated area to keep people away or temporarily relo-
cating residents until the danger is addressed, to providing
bottled water to residents while their local drinking water
supply is being cleaned up, or physically removing wastes for
safe disposal.
However, emergency actions can happen at any time an imminent
threat or emergency warrants them for example, if leaking
barrels are found when cleanup crews start digging in the
ground or if samples of contaminated soils or air show that
there may be a threat of fire or explosion, an immediate action
is taken.
isn't an
f inuxiinent dange^
how does EPA
fLdetermine what. If
any, c!ean«j» ac^oni
sho«ld be taken?
STEP 2: SITE THREAT EVALUATION
Even after any imminent dangers are taken care of, in most
cases contamination may remain at the site. For example,
residents may have been supplied with bottled water to take
care of their immediate problem of contaminated well water.
But now it's time to figure out what is contaminating the
drinking water supply and the best way to clean it up. Or
Vlll
-------
EPA may determine that there is no imminent danger from a
site, so now any long-term threats need to be evaluated. In
either case, a more comprehensive investigation is needed to
determine if a site poses a serious but not imminent danger,
and requires a long-term cleanup action.
Once a site is discovered and any needed emergency actions
are taken, EPA or the State collects all available background
information not only from their own files, but also from local
records and U.S. Geological Survey maps. This information is
used to identify the site and to perform a preliminary assess-
ment of its potential hazards. This is a quick review of readily
available information to answer the questions:
Are hazardous substances likely to be present?
How are they contained?
How might contaminants spread?
How close is the nearest well, home, or natural resource
area like a wetland or animal sanctuary?
What may be harmed the land, water, air, people,
plants, or animals?
Some sites do not require further action because the prelimi-
nary assessment shows that they don't threaten public health
or the environment. But even in these cases, the sites remain
listed in the Superfund inventory for record keeping purposes
and future reference. Currently, there are more than 32,000
sites maintained in this inventory.
Inspectors go to the site to collect additional information to
evaluate its hazard potential. During this site inspection, they
look for evidence of hazardous waste, such as leaking drums
and dead or discolored vegetation. They may take some
samples of soil, well water, river water, and air. Inspectors
analyze the ways hazardous materials could be polluting the
environment such as runoff into nearby streams. They also
check to see if people (especially children) have access to the
site.
Information collected during the site inspection is used to
identify the sites posing the most serious threats to human
health and the environment. This way EPA can meet the
IX
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_,,
EPA
-------
':SUl*ERF0N0;
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requirement that Congress gave them to use Superfund mo-
nies only on the worst hazardous waste sites in the Nation.
To identify the most serious sites, EPA developed the Hazard
Ranking System (HRS). The HRS is the scoring system EPA
uses to assess the relative threat from a release or a potential
release of hazardous substances from a site to surrounding
groundwater, surface water, air, and soil. A site score is based
on the likelihood a hazardous substance will be released from
the site, the toxicity and amount of hazardous substances at
the site, and the people and sensitive environments potentially
affected by contamination at the site.
Only sites with high enough health and environmental risk
scores are proposed to be added to EPA's National Priorities
List (NPL). Thafs why there are 1,236 sites are on the NPL,
but there are more than 32,000 sites in the Superfund inven-
tory. Only NPL sites can have a long-term cleanup paid for
from the national hazardous waste trust fund the Super-
fund. But the Superfund can and does pay for emergency
actions performed at any site, whether or not it's on the NPL.
* How do people find
i.. .. " " . i»» ij. -i*
* considers & site
It t i; i s i, <
" national jmoiity jfot
* cleanup using
Superfund money?
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V $
The public can find out whether a site that concerns them is
on the NPL by calling their Regional EPA office at the number
listed in this book.
The proposed NPL identifies sites that have been evaluated
through the scoring process as the most serious problems
among uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in
the U.S. In addition, a site will be added to the NPL if the
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry issues a
health advisory recommending that people be moved away
from the site. Updated at least once a year, it's only after
public comments are considered that these proposed worst
sites are officially added to the NPL.
Listing on the NPL does not set the order in which sites will be
cleaned up. The order is influenced by the relative priority of
the site's health and environmental threats compared to other
sites, and such factors as State priorities, engineering capabili-
ties, and available technologies. Many States also have their
own list of sites that require cleanup; these often contain sites
not on the NPL that are scheduled to be cleaned up with State
money. And it should be said again that any emergency action
needed at a site can be performed by the Superfund whether
or not a site is on the NPL.
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STEP 3: LONG-TERM CLEANUP ACTIONS
The ultimate goal for a hazardous waste site on the NFL is a
permanent, long-term cleanup. Since every site presents a
unique set of challenges, there is no single all-purpose solu-
tion. So a five-phase "remedial response" process is used to
develop consistent and workable solutions to hazardous waste
problems across the Nation:
1. Investigate in detail the extent of the site contamination:
remedial investigation,
2. Study the range of possible cleanup remedies: feasibility
study,
3. Decide which remedy to use: Record of Decision or ROD,
4. Plan the remedy: remedial design, and
5. Carry out the remedy: remedial action.
This remedial response process is a long-term effort to provide
a permanent solution to an environmental problem that
presents a serious, but not an imminent threat to the public or
environment.
The first two phases of a long-term cleanup are a combined
remedial investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) that
determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site,
and identify and evaluate cleanup alternatives. These studies
may be conducted by EPA or the State or, under their monitor-
ing, by private parties.
Like the initial site inspection described earlier, a remedial
investigation involves an examination of site data in order to
better define the problem. But the remedial investigation is
much more detailed and comprehensive than the initial site
inspection.
A remedial investigation can best be described as a carefully
designed field study. It includes extensive sampling and
laboratory analyses to generate more precise data on the types
and quantities of wastes present at the site, the type of soil and
water drainage patterns, and specific human health and
environmental risks. The result is information that allows
EPA to select the cleanup strategy that is best suited to a
particular site or to determine that no cleanup is needed.
»tKe jjteps ^cleatiitpf-T
vif-
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XI
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SUPERFUHD
J alternatives
»identified and
* evaluated?
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jr
Placing a site on the NPL does not necessarily mean that
cleanup is needed. It is possible for a site to receive an HRS
score high enough to be added to the NPL, but not ultimately
require cleanup actions. Keep in mind that the purpose of the
scoring process is to provide a preliminary and conservative
assessment of potential risk. During subsequent site investiga-
tions, the EPA may find either that there is no real threat or
that the site does not pose significant human health or envi-
ronmental risks.
EPA or the State or, under their monitoring, private parties
identify and analyze specific site cleanup needs based on the
extensive information collected during the remedial investiga-
tion. This analysis of cleanup alternatives is called a feasibility
study.
Since cleanup actions must be tailored exactly to the needs of
each individual site, more than one possible cleanup alterna-
tive is always considered. After making sure that all potential
cleanup remedies fully protect human health and the environ-
ment and comply with Federal and State laws, the advantages
and disadvantages of each cleanup alternative are carefully
compared. These comparisons are made to determine their
effectiveness in the short- and long-term, their use of perma-
nent treatment solutions, and their technical feasibility and
cost.
To the maximum extent practicable, the remedy must be a
permanent solution and use treatment technologies to destroy
principal site contaminants. But remedies such as containing
the waste on site or removing the source of the problem (like
leaking barrels) are often considered effective. Often special
pilot studies are conducted to determine the effectiveness and
feasibility of using a particular technology to clean up a site.
Therefore, the combined remedial investigation and feasibility
study can take between 10 and 30 months to complete, de-
pending on the size and complexity of the problem.
fi s\ v X1
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| Does tne public have 3
"fa" Say in the final * :r ^
i j" ** * «*.* .-*" * <«? *^~ <
t cleanup
Ir x
Yes. The Superfund law requires that the public be given the
opportunity to comment on the proposed cleanup plan. Their
concerns are carefully considered before a final decision is
made.
Xll
-------
ixi^wtt A/-S*.
The results of the remedial investigation and feasibility study,
which also point out the recommended cleanup choice, are
published in a report for public review and comment. EPA or
the State encourages the public to review the information and
take an active role in the final cleanup decision. Fact sheets
and announcements in local papers let the community know
where they can get copies of the study and other reference
documents concerning the site.
The public has a minimum of 30 days to comment on the
proposed cleanup plan after it is published. These comments
can either be written or given verbally at public meetings that
EPA or the State are required to hold. Neither EPA nor the
State can select the final cleanup remedy without evaluating
and providing written answers to specific community com-
ments and concerns. This "responsiveness summary" is part
of EPA's write-up of the final remedy decision, called the
Record of Decision or ROD.
The ROD is a public document that explains the cleanup
remedy chosen and the reason it was selected. Since sites
frequently are large and must be cleaned up in stages, a ROD
may be necessary for each contaminated resource or area of
the site. This may be necessary when contaminants have
spread into the soil, water and air, and affect such sensitive
areas as wetlands, or when the site is large and cleaned up in
stages. This often means that a number of remedies using
different cleanup technologies are needed to clean up a single
site..
Yes. Before a specific cleanup action is carried out, it must be
designed in detail to meet specific site needs. This stage of the
cleanup is called the remedial design. The design phase
provides the details on how the selected remedy will be
engineered and constructed.
Projects to clean up a hazardous waste site may appear to be
like any other major construction project but, in fact, the likely
presence of combinations of dangerous chemicals demands
special construction planning and procedures. Therefore, the
design of the remedy can take anywhere from 6 months to 2
years to complete. This blueprint for site cleanup includes not
only the details on every aspect of the construction work, but a
description of the types of hazardous wastes expected at the
xm
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SUPERFUND
X ^
X \ \ \
Once the design is
complete, how long
t does it take to ^ 5
actually clean tip the
site and how much
i
...........
it costt
^Once the cleanup v^
action is complete, i
^the site a«totnatic^1
i "deleted* from Ihe
site, special plans for environmental protection, worker safety,
regulatory compliance, and equipment decontamination.
The time and cost for performing the site cleanup called the
remedial action are as varied as the remedies themselves.
In a few cases, the only action needed may be to remove
drums of hazardous waste and decontaminate them an
action that takes limited time and money. In most cases,
however, a remedial action may involve different and expen-
sive measures that can take a long time.
For example, cleaning polluted groundwater or dredging
contaminated river bottoms can take several years of complex
engineering work before contamination is reduced to safe
levels. Sometimes the selected cleanup remedy described in
the ROD may need to be modified because of new contami-
nant information discovered or difficulties that were faced
during the early cleanup activities. Taking into account these
differences, a remedial cleanup action takes an average of 18
months to complete and costs an average of $26 million per
site.
No. The deletion of a site from the NPL is anything but auto-
matic. For example, cleanup of contaminated groundwater
may take up to 20 years or longer. Also, in some cases the
long-term monitoring of the remedy is required to ensure that
it is effective. After construction of certain remedies, opera-
tion and maintenance (e.g., maintenance of ground cover,
groundwater monitoring, etc.) or continued pumping and
treating of groundwater, may be required to ensure that the
remedy continues to prevent future health hazards or environ-
mental damage, and ultimately meets the cleanup goals
specified in the ROD. Sites in this final monitoring or opera-
tional stage of the cleanup process are designated as "con-
struction completed".
It's not until a site cleanup meets all the goals and monitoring
requirements of the selected remedy that EPA can officially
propose the site for "deletion" from the NPL. And it's not
until public comments are taken into consideration that a site
can actually be deleted from the NPL. Deletions that have
occurred are included in the "Construction Complete" cate-
gory in the progress report found later in this book.
xiv
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Yes. Based on the belief that "the polluters should pay," after a
site is placed on the NPL, the EPA makes a thorough effort to
identify and find those responsible for causing contamination
problems at a site. Although EPA is willing to negotiate with
these private parties and encourages voluntary cleanup, it has
the authority under the Superfund law to legally force those
potentially responsible for site hazards to take specific cleanup
actions. All work performed by these parties is closely guided
and monitored by EPA, and must meet the same standards
required for actions financed through the Superfund.
Because these enforcement actions can be lengthy, EPA may
decide to use Superfund monies to make sure a site is cleaned
up without unnecessary delay. For example, if a site presents
an imminent threat to public health and the environment, or if
conditions at a site may worsen, it could be necessary to start
the cleanup right away. Those responsible for causing site
contamination are liable under the law for repaying the money
EPA spends in cleaning up the site.
Whenever possible, EPA and the Department of Justice use
their legal enforcement authorities to require responsible
parties to pay for site cleanups, thereby preserving the Super
fund for emergency actions and sites where no responsible
parties can be identified.
XV
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TAX
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: he Site Fact Sheets
presented in this book
s are comprehensive
surrifnaries that cover a broad
range of information. The
fact sheets describe hazard-
ous waste sites on the Na-
tional Priorities List (NPL)
and their locations, as well as
the conditions leading to their
listing ("Site Description").
They list the types of con-
taminants that have been dis-
covered and related threats to
public and ecological health
("Threats and Contami-
nants"). "Cleanup Ap-
proach" presents an overview
of the cleanup activities
completed, underway, or
planned. The fact sheets
conclude with a brief synop-
sis of how much progress has
been made on protecting
public health and the envi-
ronment The summaries also
pinpoint other actions, such
as legal efforts to involve pol-
luters responsible for site
contamination and commu-
nity concerns.
The following two pages
show a generic fact sheet and
briefly describes the informa-
tion under each section. The
square "icons" or symbols ac-
companying the text allow
the reader to see at a glance
which environmental re-
sources are affected and the
status of cleanup activities.
Icons in the Threats
and Contaminants
Section
Contaminated
Groundwater re-
sources in the vicinity
or underlying the site.
(Groundwater is often used
as a drinking water source.)
Contaminated Sur-
face Water and
Sediments on or near
the site. (These include lakes,
ponds, streams, and rivers.)
Contaminated Air in
the vicinity of the
site. (Pollution is
usually periodic and involves
contaminated dust particles
or hazardous gas emissions.)
Contaminated Soil
and Sludges on or
near the site.
Threatened or
contaminated Envi-
ronmentally Sensi-
tive Areas in the vicinity of
the site. (Examples include
wetlands and coastal areas,
critical habitats.)
Icons in the Response
Action Status Section
xinitiai Actions
have been taken or
are underway to
eliminate immediate threats
at the site.
Site Studies at the
site are planned or
underway.
Remedy Selected
indicates that site
investigations have
been concluded
and EPA has se-
lected a final cleanup remedy
for the site or part of the site.
Remedy Design
means that engi-
neers are prepar-
ing specifications
and drawings for the selected
cleanup technologies.
Cleanup Ongoing
indicates that the
selected cleanup
remedies for the
contaminated site or part
of the site are currently
underway.
Cleanup Complete
shows that all
cleanup goals have
been achieved for
the contaminated site or part
of the site.
xvii
-------
Site Responsibility
Identifies the Federal, State,
and/or potentially responsible
parties that are taking
responsibility for cleanup
actions at the site.
EPA REGION
CONGRESSIONAL DIST
County Name
SITE NAME
STATE
EPA ID# ABCOOOOOOOO
Site Description
NPL Listing
History
Site Responsibility
Dates when the site
was Proposed,
made Final, and
Deleted from the
NPL
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Environmental Progress
A summary of the actions to reduce the threats to nearby residents and
the surrounding environment; progress towards cleaning up the site
and goals of the cleanup plan are given here.
XV111
-------
WHAT THE FACT SHEETS CONTAIN
Site Description
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes
descriptions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have
contributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
Throughout the site description and other sections of the site summary, technical
or unfamiliar terms that are italicized are presented in the glossary at the end of
the book. Please refer to the glossary for more detailed explanation or definition
of the terms.
Threats and Contaminants
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air, groundwater, surface water, soil and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding
environments arising from the site contamination are also described. Specific
contaminants and contaminant groupings are italicized and explained in more
detail in the glossary.
Cleanup Approach
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
Response Action Status
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean up
the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided into
separate phases depending on the complexity and required actions at the site.
Two major types of cleanup activities are often described: initial, immediate or
emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent threats to the
community and surrounding areas; and long-term remedial phases directed at
final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy is presented in this
section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of the cleanup process
(initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the cleanup remedy,
engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway and completed cleanup)
are located in the margin next to each activity description.
Site Facts
Additional informaton on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by EPA to achieve
site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with the site
cleanup process are reported here.
XIX
-------
The feet sheets are arranged
in alphabetical order by site
name. Because site cleanup is
a dynamic and gradual
process/ all site information is
accurate as of the date shown
on the bottom of each page.
Progress is always being
made at NPL sites, and EPA
will periodically update the
Site Fact Sheets to reflect
recent actions and publish
updated State volumes.
HOW CAN YOU USE
THIS STATE BOOK?
You can use this book to keep
informed about the sites that
concern you, particularly
ones close to home. EPA is
committed to involving the
public in the decisionmaking
process associated with
hazardous waste cleanup.
The Agency solicits input
from area residents in com-
munities affected by Super-
fund sites. Citizens are likely
to be affected not only by
hazardous site conditions, but
also by the remedies that
combat them. Site cleanups
take many forms and can
affect communities in differ-
ent ways. Local traffic may
be rerouted, residents may be
relocated, temporary water
supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a
site can help citizens sift
through alternatives and
make decisions. To make
good choices, you must know
what the threats are and how
EPA intends to clean up the
site. You must understand
the cleanup alternatives being
proposed for site cleanup and
how residents may be af-
fected by each one. You also
need to have some idea of
how your community intends
to use the site in the future
and to know what the com-
munity can realistically
expect once the cleanup is
complete.
EPA wants to develop
cleanup methods that meet
community needs, but the
Agency can only take local
concerns into account if it
understands what they are.
Information must travel both
ways in order for cleanups to
be effective and satisfactory.
Please take this opportunity
to learn more, become in-
volved, and assure that
hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your
community's concerns.
xx
-------
NPL Sites
State of India
Indiana is situated on the southern edge of Lake Michigan and bordered by Michigan to
the north, Illinois to the west, Ohio to the east, and Kentucky to the south. The State
covers 36,185 square miles and consists of a hilly southern region, fertile rolling plains
in the central region, and a flat, heavily glaciated northern region with dunes along Lake
Michigan. Indiana experienced a 1.2 percent increase in population during the 1980s
and currently has approximately 5,556,000 residents, ranking 14th in U.S. populations.
Principal State industries include manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, agriculture,
government, and services. Indiana manufactures primary and fabricated metals trans-
portation equipment electrical and electronic equipment, non-electrical machinery,
plastics, chemical products, and foods.
How Many Indiana Sites
Are on the NPL?
Proposed 3
Final 32
Deleted 0
35
Where Are the NPL Sites Located?
Cong. District 02, 10, 11
Cong. District 04, 05
Cong. District 07, 08
Cong. District 09
Cong. District 01, 06
Cong. District 03
1 site
2 sites
3 sites
4 sites
5 sites
8 sites
How are Sites Contaminated and What are the Principal* Chemicals ?
Groundwater: Volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), heavy metals
, (inorganics), polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), and creosotes
35-1- . (organics).
28--
21--
14--
7 --
GW Soil SW Sed
Air Solid &
Liquid
Contamination Area Waste
* Appear at 14% or more sites
Soil Solid and Liquid Waste:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
heavy metals (inorganics), poly-
chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), creo-
sotes (organics), and other inorgan-
ics.
Surface Water and Sediments:
Heavy metals (inorganics), volatile
organic compounds (VOCs),
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
creosotes (organics) and pesticides.
Air: Heavy metals (inorganics) and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
State Overview
xxi
continued
-------
Where are the Sites in the Superfund Cleanup Process*?
Site
Studies
Remedy .
"Selected'
Remedy
" Design
Cleanup
Ongoing
Construction
Complete
Initial actions have been taken at 24 sites as interim cleanup measures.
Who Do I Call with Questions?
The following pages describe each NPL site in Indiana, providing specific information on
threats and contaminants, cleanup activities, and environmental progress. Should you
have questions, please call one of the offices listed below:
Indiana Superfund Office
EPA Region V Superfund Office
EPA Region V Public Relations Office
EPA Superfund Hotline
EPA Public Information Office
(317)243-5177
(312)886-7456
(312)353-2072
(800) 424-9346
(202) 477-7751
'Cleanup status reflects phase of site activities rather than administrative accomplishments.
.
-------
The NPL Progress Report
The following Progress Report lists the State sites currently on or deleted from the NPL,
and briefly summarizes the status of activities for each site at the time this report was
prepared. The steps in the Superfund cleanup process are arrayed across the top of the
chart, and each site's progress through these steps is represented by an arrow (*) which
indicates the current stage of cleanup at the site.
Large and complex sites are often organized into several cleanup stages. For example,
separate cleanup efforts may be required to address the source of the contamination,
hazardous substances in the groundwater, and surface water pollution, or to clean up
different areas of a large site. In such cases, the chart portrays cleanup progress at the
site's most advanced stage, reflecting the status of site activities rather than administrative
accomplishments.
*- An arrow in the "Initial Response" category indicates that an emergency cleanup or
initial action has been completed or is currently underway. Emergency or initial actions
are taken as an interim measure to provide immediete relief from exposure to
hazardous site conditions or to stabilize a site to prevent further contamination.
<* An arrow in the "Site Studies" category indicates that an investigation to determine the
nature and extent of the contamination at the site is currently ongoing or planned to
begin in 1991.
<*- An arrow in the "Remedy Selection" category means that the EPA has selected the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site contamination, or that any remaining
contamination will be naturally dispersed without further cleanup activities, a "No
Action" remedy is selected. In these cases, the arrows in the Progress Report are
discontinued at the "Remedy Selection" step and resume in the final "Construction
Complete" category.
+~ An arrow at the "Remedial Design" stage indicates that engineers are currently
designing the technical specifications for the selected cleanup remedies and
technologies.
* An arrow marking the "Cleanup Ongoing" category means that final cleanup actions
have been started at the site and are currently underway.
* A arrow in the "Construction Complete" category is used only when all phases of the
site cleanup plan have been performed and the EPA has determined that no additional
construction actions are required at the site. Some sites in this category may currently
be undergoing long-term pumping and treating of groundwater, operation and
maintenance or monitoring to ensure that the completed cleanup actions continue to
protect human health and the environment.
The sites are listed in alphabetical order. Further information on the activities and progress
at each site is given in the site "Fact Sheets" published in this volume.
xxiii
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JtTOj
Page
1
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
gress jLowara Cleanup at
Site Name
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SERVICE, INC.
BENNETT STONE QUARRY
CARTER LEE LUMBER COMPANY
COLUMBUS OLD MUNICIPAL LDFL #1
CONRAIL RAIL YARD (ELKHART)
CONTINENTAL STEEL CORPORATION
DOUGLAS ROAD/UNIROYAL, INC. LDFL
ENVIROCHEM CORPORATION
FISHER-CALO
FORTWAYNE REDUCTION DUMP
GALEN MEYERS DUMP/DRUM
HIMCO DUMP
IMC (TERRE HAUTE EAST PLANT)
LAKE SANDY JO (M & M LANDFILL)
LAKELAND DISPOSAL SERVICE, INC.
LEMON LANE LANDFILL
MAIN STREET WELL FIELD
MARION (BRAGG) DUMP
MIDCO I
INJTJLy OllCS ]
County
LAKE
MONROE
MARION
BARTHOLOMEW
ELKHART
HOWARD
ST. JOSEPH
BOONE
LAPORTE
ALLEN
ST. JOSEPH
ELKHART
VIGO
LAKE
KOSCIUSKO
MONROE
ELKHART
GRANT
LAKE
III 111
NPL
Final
Final
Final
Final
Prop.
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
G otetLC
Date
09/21/84
09/21/84
03/31/89
06/10/86
06/24/88
03/31/89
03/31/89
09/08/83
09/08/83
06/10/86
03/31/89
02/21/90
06/10/86
09/08/83
03/31/89
09/08/83
09/08/83
09/08/83
09/08/83
Ui JUUUlcLUO.
Initial Site Remedy Remedy Cleanup Construction
Response Studies Selected Design Ongoing Complete
4- 4-
*- *- 4- 4- 4- 4-
*"
4-
4- 4-
4- 4-
*
4-4-4-4-
4- 4-
4-4-4-
4- 4-
4- 4-
4-4- 4-
4-4-4-4-4-
4-
+ + * * +
4-4-4-4-4-
4-4-4-4-4-
4-4- 4- 4-
-------
Page Site Name
County
Initial Site Remedy Remedy Cleanup Construction
NPL Date Response Studies Selected Design Ongoing Complete
40
42
44
46
49
51
53
55
57
60
62
64
66
68
71
73
MIDCOII
NEAL'S DUMP (SPENCER)
NEAL'S LANDFILL (BLOOMINGTON)
NINTH AVENUE DUMP
NORTHSIDE SANITARY LANDFILL, INC.
POER FARM
PRESTOLITE BATTERY DIVISION
REILLY TAR & CHEMICAL CORP.
SEYMOUR RECYCLING CORPORATION
SOUTHSIDE SANITARY LANDFILL
TIPPECANOE SANITARY LANDFILL INC.
TRI-STATE PLATING
WASTE INC. LANDFILL
WAYNE WASTE OIL
WEDZEB ENTERPRISES, INC.
WHITEFORD SALES AND SERVICE
LAKE
OWEN
MONROE
LAKE
BOONE
HANCOCK
KNOX
MARION
JACKSON
MARION
TIPPECANOE
BARTHOLOMEW
LAPORTE
WHITTLEY
BOONE
ST. JOSEPH
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Prop.
Final
Final
Final
Final
Prop.
06/10/86 *" *- ** " *
06/10/86 ' *- «* + ~ +
09/08/83 * *" *" "K "*
09/08/83 * "*" *- *
09/21/84 *" * *
10/21/84 "K ^ ^- ^
10/04/89 «*^ "^
09/21/84 ' *"
09/08/83 ^ ^ «K- B^ B^
03/31/89 B"^
06/24/88 *-
06/10/86 "^ "^ "^ «*-
07/21/87 "^
09/08/83 "^ "^ B^
09/08/83 "^ "^ «* "^ «^
06/24/88 *- *
-------
-------
-------
-------
AMERICAN
CHEMICAL
SERVICE, INC.
INDIANA
EPA ID# INDO16360265
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Lake County
Griffith
American Chemical Service (ACS), Inc. recycled chemicals on 21 acres along South
Colfax Avenue in Griffith from 1958 until 1975, when it voluntarily stopped using two
disposal areas on site and covered them. The site contains an estimated 35,000 buried
drums and pigment and resin sludges. The site currently is operating as a hazardous
waste recycler with interim status under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). The site previously contained three different operations: the American
Chemical Service operated on 19 acres; Kapica Drum used 2 acres; and an inactive
portion of the adjacent Griffith Sanitary Landfill. ACS began operation in 1955 as a
solvent recovery firm and later began a chemical manufacturing operation. From 1955
until at least 1975, ACS disposed of a variety of hazardous wastes produced during
company operations in an area known as the off-site containment area on the property.
ACS also disposed of numerous drums and stillbottoms in portions of the currently
operating facility. Some waste was accepted from outside sources for incineration in
an on-site incinerator, and the ash was disposed of on ACS property. In 1972, the
Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH) responded to residents' complaints and inspected
the ACS facility. From 1972 to 1973, ISBH attempted to achieve improved waste
handling, spill prevention measures, and site maintenance. In 1974 and 1975, ISBH
also responded to reports that ACS was discharging chemicals to the sanitary sewer
and dumping chemicals on site. Approximately 10,000 people live within 3 miles of the
site; the closest being less than a 1/4 mile away. Located in the immediate vicinity of
the site are a few residences, railroad tracks, drainage ditches, and marshy areas.
More than 2,000 private wells are in use in the area of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
continued
-------
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SERVICE, INC.
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including benzene, toluene, and vinyl chloride, pentachlorophenol (PCP),
phthalates, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The shallow aquifer
contains the highest amounts of organic contaminants. Soils are heavily
contaminated with numerous substances including PCBs, heavy metals,
semi- and non-volatiles, coal tar constituents, VOCs, and some pesticides.
Evidence suggests that the heavily contaminated shallow aquifer
discharges to the wetlands and surface water features, posing the
potential for adverse effects. Past discharges by ACS had previously
affected a major portion of the site's wetlands. Exposure to contaminants
by accidently ingesting groundwater and surface water; direct contact
with groundwater, surface water, soil, or sediments; or inhaling airborne
VOCs could be potential health threats. The site also contains a threat of
fire or explosion from the stored chemicals and materials.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In the early 1980s, American Chemical Service installed a
clay wall to block the perceived flow direction of the groundwater and to
u control the environmental degradation due to surface water and leachate
runoff. Initial cleanup efforts concentrated on identifying, staging, and segregating
drums from construction debris in the building. Drums were labeled, sampled,
overpacked, and staged in a nearby vacant building. Twenty-four-hour security was
maintained throughout the removal. Construction debris was decontaminated and
disposed of. The remaining building brick was scrubbed with a high pressure wash. All
rinsate and decontamination water was collected and removed for treatment and
disposal. Drums were grouped into three separate waste streams based on pH levels.
All three waste streams were accepted at a facility for treatment and disposal. A total
of 277 drums of waste and 23,154 gallons of water were shipped off site for treatment
and disposal.
Entire Site: Approximately 150 potentially responsible parties have
formed a group to conduct a study of site contamination. The
investigation involves wetlands delineation; waste and soil borings; and
groundwater, surface water, and sediment sampling to determine the nature and
extent of site contamination. The scheduled completion date for the investigation is in
late 1992, when the EPA will select the remedies to clean up the site based on its
results.
continued
-------
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SERVICE, INC.
\Envtronmental Progress
The removal of drums and contaminated water and installation of the clay barrier wall at
the American Chemical Service site have reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials on the site while an investigation leading to the permanent
remedies for the site contamination are taking place and final remedies are being
planned.
A
-------
BENNETT
QUARRY
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND006418651
Site Description
STONE
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
Monroe County
Bloomington
The Bennett Stone Quarry site consists of 2 1/2 acres and is located approximately
1 mile northwest of Bloomington. This limestone quarry was used as a dump for old
electrical parts for approximately 20 years, before it was discovered by the Monroe
County Health Department (MCHD) in 1983. The MCHD subsequently defined an area
of several acres that had been used for dumping electrical parts, including a large
number of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-contaminated capacitors. Labels found on
the capacitors during the MCHD investigation attributed them to the Westinghouse,
Corporation. Soils adjacent to the site are stained with oil and the entire site is totally
devoid of vegetation. Two ponds that drain into Stout Creek are located on the
western end of the site and are coated with oily sheens. Five other PCB-contaminated
sites are located in the Bloomington area and are listed as separate sites on the
National Priorities List: Neal's Landfill, Neal's Dump, Lemon Lane Landfill, Anderson
Road, and Winston-Thomas Treatment Plant. The majority of the residents living near
Bennett Stone Quarry and the adjoining property depend on private wells for their
water supply. The land along Stout Creek is used for raising dairy and beef cattle. The
quarries adjacent to the site are frequented by local residents and campers for
recreational activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater, sediments, soils, and surface water were
contaminated with PCBs. Off-site sediments located in Stout Creek also
were contaminated with PCBs. Smaller amounts of PCBs were found in
the waters of Stout Creek. Area residents could have been exposed to
contaminants through direct contact with PCB-laden oil in the ponds and
on-site PCB-contaminated soil. Should further migration of site-related
contaminants enter Stout Creek, area residents could be at risk when
drinking or touching contaminated surface water or sediments.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
4
continued
-------
BENNETT STONE QUARRY
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term
remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: The EPA undertook an emergency cleanup in 1983
that included: (1) removal and disposal of capacitors on the surface and
contaminated soils; (2) an aerial photographic survey, geophysical study,
and soil sampling; (3) placement of an impervious cover over the site to prevent runoff
of contaminants; and (4) construction of security fencing around the site. In 1987,
contaminated sediments were excavated from Stout Creek.
Entire Site: Activities conducted to address contamination at the site
included: (1) excavation of all refuse plus a 2-foot buffer zone around the
known refuse; (2) incineration of excavated materials in an approved
facility; (3) removing contaminated sediments from on-site ponds and Stout Creek; (4)
regrading, covering, and revegetating the area of the site; and (5) providing area
residents with private wells an alternative water supply. Groundwater and surface
water monitoring will be continued to ensure that water quality standards are
maintained.
Site Facts: In 1985, the Westinghouse Corporation and the EPA signed a Consent
Decree under which Westinghouse agreed to perform the site cleanup.
Environmental progress
The excavation, removal, or incineration of hazardous materials and contaminated creek
sediments, installation of a security fence, and other cleanup activities have eliminated
the potential for exposure to contamination from the site. Groundwater and surface
water monitoring will continue to provide protection to nearby residents and the
environment.
-------
CARTER LEETOME
COMPANY
INDIANA
EPA TD# INDO16395899
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 11
Marion County
Indianapolis
Site Description
Carter Lee Lumber Company has been selling lumber products at this 2-acre site since
1873. In 1971, Carter Lee bought land behind its original property from the Cleveland,
Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis Railway Corporation. Liquid wastes from tank trucks
and railroad cars were dumped onto the ground and into a trench on the property. The
EPA sampled the soil in 1985 and found it contaminated with heavy metals and
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs). The trench has been filled with clay and the
property has been fenced, with access limited to employees of the lumber company.
Approximately 710,000 people obtain drinking water from municipal wells within 3
miles of the site. These wells are supplied by surface water. The closest private
drinking water well is upgradienttrom the property and approximately 3,500 feet away.
The property is in the floodplain of the White River, which is located 1,500 feet from
the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Soil is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium,
chromium, and copper; as well as cyanide and various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Presently, there is little threat to human health or the
environment. Because the site is fenced, the only people coming into
contact with contaminated soil are employees of the lumber company. If
the cleanup workers were to dig or uncover the contamination in the
trench, they may be exposed to pollutants.
Mocch 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
6
continued
-------
CARTER LEE LUMBER COMPANY
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of
the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The State and the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination are scheduled to undertake a study of the property late in
1990. This study will investigate the type and extent of contamination at
the site. When the study is completed, final measures will be recommended to clean
up the site.
-Environmental Progress
Fencing the site and filling the trenches have reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated soil at the Carter Lee Lumber site. After adding this site to the NPL, the
EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that no immediate actions
were required while studies and cleanup activities are being planned.
-------
COLUMBUS
MUNICIPAL
LANDFILL #
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980607626
Site Description
REGIONS
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Bartholomew County
Columbus
Alias:
City Dump #1
The City of Columbus operated the 12-acre Columbus Old Municipal Landfill site
without a permit from 1938 until 1966. The landfill accepted municipal and industrial
wastes including solvents, acids, bases, paints, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and
heavy metals. The landfill is unlined, but the top of the landfill is covered with a layer of
sand and gravel where grass has grown. Wastes were deposited on the surface of the
landfill, and the site forms a low barrier between the farmlands that surround it and the
river. Groundwater in the area is contaminated with lead and chromium according to
tests conducted in 1985. Geologic conditions at the site make it easy for the
groundwater to interact with and contaminate the surface waters in the area. The
closest residence to the site is less than 1/2 mile away. Approximately 33,000 people
live within a 3-mile radius of the site. There are private wells within 1/2 mile from the
site, and public wells for water supply are within 3 miles.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater at the site contains lead and chromium from paint wastes.
Other contamination found on site includes PCBs, acids, bases, and
organic solvents; however, data currently are not available on the extent
of contamination of other media. Possible health threats include drinking
or touching contaminated groundwater or surface water or accidentally
ingesting contaminated soil or sediments. The site is prone to flooding,
increasing the chance for contaminants to reach surface waters in the
area.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
8
continued
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COLUMBUS OLD MUNICIPAL LANDFILL #1
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties began an investigation in
1987 to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The
investigation is scheduled for completion in 1991 and will recommend
cleanup alternatives.
Site Facts: In 1987, a Consent Order was signed between the EPA, the Indiana
Department of Environmental Management, and three parties potentially responsible.
Under the agreement, the parties agreed to study the site to determine the nature and
extent of contamination at the landfill.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Columbus Old Municipal
Landfill site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
-------
CONRAIL RAI
(ELKHART)
INDIANA
EPADD# IND000715490
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Elkhart County
Elkhart
Alias:
County Road 1
Site Description
The Conrail Rail Yard (Elkhart} began operations in 1956 as part of the New York Central
Railroad and continued operations as a subsidiary of the Penn Central Transportation
Company until 1976. From 1962 to 1968, numerous citizen complaints regarding oil
discharges from the rail yard to the nearby St. Joseph River were filed with State and
local authorities. In 1976, Conrail took over the rail yard's functions. From 1976 to
1986, the rail yard experienced spills and releases of oil, diesel fuel, hydrochloric acid,
caustic soda, and various petroleum-related substances. Also, track-cleaning fluids and
engine degreasers were used and disposed of at the site. The site contains several
ponds used to stabilize waste and separate oils and a disposal area, now covered,
where rail yard wastes were discarded. In 1986, the EPA discovered volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) in the groundwater near the site. Approximately 41,000 people live
in Elkhart and the entire population obtains its drinking water from groundwater. The
Elkhart Water Works serves approximately 41,000 persons living east of the site. The
remaining population obtains drinking water from private residential wells.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Threats and Contaminants
L\
Groundwater and soil at the site contain VOCs. People could be exposed
to hazardous substances from the site by accidentally touching or
ingesting contaminated groundwater or soil.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
10
continued
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CONRAIL RAIL YARD (ELKHART)
Cleanup Approach
This site is .being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA began a program to sample the
groundwater off site in 1986. The EPA sampled 88 residential wells and
detected various VOCs. The EPA provided bottled water to residents
whose wells were affected. Also, the EPA installed 76 activated carbon filter units in
residences. As part of the immediate action, the EPA also removed 28 drums
containing waste paint from the nearby Martin Property in 1987.
Entire Site: The EPA started an investigation of the nature and extent of
contamination at the site in 1988. This study is defining the contaminants
and recommending various cleanup alternatives. It is scheduled to be
completed in 1991.
Environmental Progress
Providing bottled water, installing carbon filter units, and removing drums containing
waste paint have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated drinking water
and continue to protect residents near the Conrail Rail Yard (Elkhart) site while cleanup
actions are being planned.
11
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CONTINENTAL ST
CORPORATIQ|f
INDIANA
EPAED# IND001213503
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Howard County
Kokomo
Since 1914, the Continental Steel Corporation has produced rods and wire products
from recycled steel scraps on this 200-acre site. The site includes the plant a laaoon
and a quarry. Wastes were collected in a surface impoundment constructed in 1946 '
fni^re1§Q0KCeSS^oSL°UEh a neutralization system and discharged to Wildcat Creek.
2 2- 'Ju and 1986'the lndiana Department of Environmental Management
identified heavy metals in the impoundment and heavy metals and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) in the on-site groundwater. Operations at the site ended in 1986
when the facility went bankrupt. Approximately 1,600 people obtain drinking water '
from private wells within 3 miles of the site. The nearest well is 7,200 feet from the
site. The site is situated above an aquifer.
SlteResponsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
IMPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and surface water contain VOCs and heavy metals
including chromium, cadmium, iron, and manganese. Liquids in the
quarry pond and lagoon contain VOCs and heavy metals including copper
zinc, and mercury. Sludges and creek sediments contain heavy metals
including cadmium, chromium, iron, and manganese; VOCs- and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Soils are contaminated with heavy
metals, PCBs, phenols, phthalates, and VOCs. PCBs were found in fish
caught in Kokomo and Wildcat Creeks. People could be exposed to
contaminants by touching or accidentally ingesting contaminated
groundwater, soil, sludge, surface water, liquids, or sediments. In
addition, eating contaminated fish from the creeks could pose a health
hazard.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
12
continued
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CONTINENTAL STEEL CORPORATION
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1990, the EPA began removing drums and visibly
contaminated soil from a quarry area near the plant. Approximately 700
drums, 33 vats, and 55 tanks were found. All contained unknown
materials. The EPA sampled the containers and the results are being analyzed. The
EPA also investigated the pond within the quarry area and found approximately 500
empty drums and three storage tanks. Initial cleanup actions are expected to be
completed in late 1990.
Entire Site: In 1990, the State plans to begin a study into the nature and
extent of contamination at the site to determine the best methods to
address the problems. The State is scheduled to complete the study in
1992.
Site Facts: Continental Steel Corporation filed for bankruptcy in 1985 and ceased
operations at the site in 1986.
Environmental Progress
The ongoing removal of drums and contaminated soil is reducing the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the Continental Steel Corporation while studies
are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned.
13
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DOUGLAS RO
UNIROYAL, IN
LANDFILL
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND9806O7881
REGION 5
:ONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
St. Joseph County
Mishawaka
Site Description
The 19-acre Douglas Road/Uniroyal, Inc. Landfill site is owned by Uniroyal and was
operated between 1954 and 1979. From 1954 to 1971, solvents, fly ash, paper wood
stock, rubber, and plastic wrap were disposed of at the unlined landfill After
operations ceased, the landfill was covered with topsoil and seeded. According to
Uniroyal, some 6,000 barrels of waste were disposed of at the landfill. The South Bend
iontoo?epartment has seven wells within 3 miles of the site that serve approximately
120,000 people. Approximately 2,100 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site
Judy Creek is located approximately 2,000 feet from the site
SiteResponsibility: This site is bejng addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with hydrocarbons. Potential health
risks include touching or accidentally ingesting the contaminated
groundwater. The site is secured, reducing the potential for direct access
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
14
continued
-------
DOUGLAS ROAD/UNIROYAL, INC. LANDFILL
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1989, Uniroyal, Inc. initiated an investigation to determine
the type and extent of contamination at the landfill and to identify
alternative cleanup remedies. The work is being conducted under the
monitoring of the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM). The
investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1991.
Site Facts: In 1989, the IDEM signed a Consent Order under which Uniroyal is
conducting an investigation to determine the type and extent of contamination at the
site.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Douglas Road/Uniroyal, Inc.
Landfill while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
15
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ENVIR
CORPO
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND084259951
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Boone County
10 miles northwest of Indianapolis
The 6 1/2-acre Envirochem Corporation site is an inactive facility that processed and
reclaimed solvents from 1977 until 1982, when the State closed the site. Wastes such
as resfns, paint sludges, waste oils, and flammable solvents were received in drums
and bulk tankers and were stored on site in drums and storage tanks. On-site
accumulation and unauthorized discharge of contaminated storm water, poor
management of drum inventory, unapproved burning of chlorinated hydrocarbons and
other solvents, and several spills brought the State and the EPA to investigate the site.
The State prohibited further shipment of waste to the site; however, over 20,000
drums and 400,000 gallons of waste remained on site. Additionally, contaminated
underground and aboveground storage tanks and wastewater in holding ponds were
present Approximately 50 people live within 1 mile of the site. The City of
Indianapolis uses the Eagle Creek Reservoir as its drinking water supply. A rainstorm
caused a waste pond to overflow into an unnamed ditch on site and then to Finley
Creek. In 1985, the State noted that runoff from the site enters the Eagle Creek
Reservoir.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and heavy metals including barium, lead, and nickel. Sediments contain
lead. VOCs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phenols, and phthalates
are contaminating the soils. Surface water contains VOCs. People could
be exposed to contaminants by touching or accidentally ingesting
contaminated groundwater, soil, surface water, or sediments.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
16
continued
-------
ENVIROCHEM CORPORATION
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983 and 1984, the EPA and a group of parties
potentially responsible for site contamination performed immediate actions
that included removing and treating waste from on-site storage tanks and
removing and treating 5,650 cubic yards of contaminated soils. Actions also were
taken to prevent contaminated water from overflowing into surface waters off site.
Bulk tanks and treating water from cooling ponds were removed, in addition to 3,085
drums and 167,000 gallons of liquid waste. The EPA also removed two underground
storage tanks, cleaned and disposed of bulk storage tanks and miscellaneous piping,
and placed a clay cap on the surface of the site. The holding pond was drained and
capped and the water in the pond was sent off site to an approved facility for
treatment. Tanks on site were sampled, and the contents were tested for
compatibility. Tanks with compatible contents were combined and were then dried and
cleaned. Sludge from the tanks was put into drums for off-site removal and treatment.
Other underground tanks and pipes were located and recovered. The tanks containing
PCBs were cleaned and rinsed. The transformer was drained and rinsed with fuel oil.
The entire site was then capped and seeded, and drainages were set up to control the
water that runs on to the site when it rains. In 1985, the EPA installed a sump to
collect contaminated groundwater. The immediate removal activities were completed
in 1985.
Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA completed a study of alternatives for
addressing contamination at the site and selected the following cleanup
measures: installing a permanent cap over the site to prevent
contaminants in the soil from moving off site and installing a system to
pump and treat groundwater under the site. The EPA has completed all of the field
work necessary to design the cap and groundwater collection and treatment system.
Site Facts: A Consent Decree was negotiated between the EPA, the State of Indiana,
and 254 potentially responsible parties, which included the establishment.of a fund to
finance the removal work that the EPA began in 1983. The parties also agreed to
perform final cleanup work at the site.
The removal of tanks, drums, liquid wastes, and contaminated soil, in addition to other
immediate actions described above, have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous substances at the Envirochem Corporation site while final cleanup activities
are taking place.
17
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FISHER-CALO
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND074315896
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
LaPorte County
11/2 miles northeast of Klngsbury Heights
Alias:
Fisher-Calo Chemical and Solvents
The 250-acre Fisher-Calo site consists of two separate tracts: a 10-acre portion of the
site known as the "One Line Facility" and a 240-acre portion of the site known as the
"Two Line Facility." The site is a former industrial chemical processing and distribution
facility. The facility is located in an area that previously housed the Kingsbury Ordnance
Plant, a U.S. military installation used to manufacture weapons. In the early 1960s, the
ordnance plant was closed and the land purchased by a private developer who
subdivided the property to form an industrial park. Sodium hypochlorite was produced
and sulfur dioxide, chloride, ammonia, and various solvents were packaged at the site.
For several years, a solvent reclamation facility that recovered paint and metal cleaning
solvents for resale operated at the site. Cyanide, acids, and metal plating wastes were
also accepted from other industries, stored in metal drums, and stockpiled on the site
or dumped on the ground. In 1978, a fire broke out at the site's solvent reclamation
facility, destroying several bulk storage tanks, trucks, and drums of chemical wastes
and solvents. Later that year, buried drums were discovered on the property. In 1979
and 1980, drums containing chemicals and sludges were removed from the site.
Waste materials, mostly stillbottoms, are stored in drums, tanks, and containers at the
site. Some of the drums are reportedly leaking. The site is fenced, but only the main
gate is guarded. Approximately 3,700 people live within 4 miles of the site. The
nearest public water supply well is 1/2 mile from the site, and the closest residence
using groundwater as a water source is 1 1/2 miles from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
I
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). The greatest health risk to people is through drinking
contaminated groundwater or touching contaminated soils.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
18
continued
-------
FISHER-CALO
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1989, the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination, under EPA monitoring, fenced the site and staged and
removed empty drums at the site. The potentially responsible parties are
sampling and disposing of the drums, tanks, and containers of hazardous waste and the
visibly contaminated soil. These activities are planned to be completed in late 1990.
Entire Site: The EPA currently is conducting an investigation into the
nature and extent of contamination at the site and will be recommending
alternatives for the final cleanup. The investigation is scheduled to be
completed in late 1990.
Site Facts: Fisher-Calo entered into a consent agreement with the EPA in 1982,
agreeing to conduct quarterly groundwater monitoring at the site to determine whether
contaminants had dissipated to acceptable levels. In 1988, the EPA issued a Unilateral
Order to the parties potentially responsible requiring them to conduct immediate
activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
The fencing, removal of empty drums, and the ongoing disposal of hazardous waste
and contaminated soils have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants
at the Fisher-Calo site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being
planned.
A
19
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FORT
REDUCTI
INDIANA
NDUM
. \ --A^ " " v.
EPA ID# IND980679542
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Allen County
Fort Wayne
The35-acre Fort Wayne Reduction Dump site is a former municipal landfill and waste
disposal facility. Before 1967, the site was uncultivated farmland often used for the
dumping of unknown waste. Between 1967 and 1976, the facility accepted wastes
including residential garbage, sewage, industrial liquid waste, paper, and wood.
Wastes were incinerated, and the residual ash was disposed of on the site. Volatile
liquids were dumped from drums into a pit adjacent to the Maumee River. The site
consists of two areas: the 15-acre eastern portion was used as the general refuse
landfill, and a 5-acre western section was used for the disposal of industrial wastes,
building debris, barrels of unidentified wastes, and residual ash from the incinerator. In
1970, Fort Wayne Reduction changed its name to National Recycling Corporation (NRC)
and built a recycling plant for processing solid waste. The recycling stopped in 1975,
and the building was torn down in 1985. NRC was acquired by Service Corporation of
America (SCA) in 1973. SCA was denied a municipal refuse permit and operations
ceased in 1976. Waste Management acquired SCA in 1984. Two residential
communities are located approximately 1/2 mile from the dump. The Maumee River
borders the property, and the site is in the 100-year floodplain. Approximately 1,100
people use private wells as a source of drinking water. Two areas on the site are
designated as wetlands.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
IMPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and heavy metals. Heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, and VOCs are present
in the soil. People who touch or accidentally ingest contaminated
groundwater or soil may be at risk. Contaminants have migrated into the
Maumee River through groundwater discharge. The wetlands on the site
are an important habitat for many plants and animals. If contaminants
seep into the wetlands, the wildlife may be harmed.
Mdfchl990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
20
continued
-------
FORT WAYNE REDUCTION DUMP
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site by:
0) closing the eastern portion of the site to prevent erosion and
eliminating potential direct contact threats; (2) monitoring the groundwater
as it flows from the site to the Maumee River; (3) installing a system to
collect groundwater between the site and the Maumee River and treating the
groundwater, if necessary; (4) excavating 4,600 drums and incinerating their contents;
(5) backfilling the excavated areas; (6) closing the western portion of the site to prevent
erosion and eliminate potential direct contact threats; (7) constructing a fence around
the site; (8) imposing deed restrictions on the use of the land; (9) protecting the
wetlands during the cleanup activities; and (10) installing erosion mats and planting
vegetation to reduce erosion during Maumee River floods. Waste Management, under
EPA monitoring, is designing the technical specifications for the cleanup. The cleanup
activities will begin shortly after the completion of the design. Construction of the
remedy for the eastern portion is expected to begin in late 1990. Construction of the
remedy selected for the western portion is scheduled to begin in 1991.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Fort Wayne Reduction
Dump site while final cleanup activities are being designed.
21
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GALEN MYER
DRUM SALVACS
INDIANA
EPAID# IND980999635
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
St. Joseph County
Osceola
Site Description
From 1960 to 1982, drums from local industries were stored and recycled at the 5-acre
Galen Myers Dump/Drum Salvage site. The tops were removed, the contents were
dumped into a pit and driveway, and the drums were sold as trash containers. In 1984,
the EPA found many leaking and deteriorating drums on the site, and removed them in
1985. In 1986, the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) found
soil and private wells to be contaminated. Approximately 17,000 people obtain drinking
water from wells located within 3 miles of the site. The St. Joseph River is located 1
mile from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). The soil also contains phthalates, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), and pesticides. Most area residents in the area use
private wells for drinking water. The municipal water supply is drawn
from the same agu/ferthat the private wells use. People who drink
contaminated water or touch the water or soils may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
22
continued
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GALEN MYERS DUMP/DRUM SALVAGE
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, the EPA removed 274 drums of waste and
contaminated soils and transported them to a federally approved storage
facility. In 1987, the EPA provided alternate drinking water to 10
residences.
Entire Site: In 1989, the State began a study to determine the extent of
the groundwater and soil contamination at the site. Once the study is
completed, scheduled for 1991, final site cleanup measures will be
recommended.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated materials and the provision of an alternate source of
drinking water to affected residents have eliminated the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water and will continue to protect residents near the Galen
Myers Dump site while studies are being conducted and final cleanup actions are being
planned.
23
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HIMCO DUMP
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980500292
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Elkhart County
Elkhart
Site Description
The 50-acre Himco Dump site, located in the town of Elkhart, operated as a dump from
1960 until 1976. During its operation, general refuse, medical, pharmaceutical, and
industrial wastes were disposed of on the site. As waste was brought into the dump,
marshy land was filled in and then covered with sand. The elevation at the center of
the site is built up approximately 15 feet. Along the perimeter of the site the elevation
is 5 feet higher than the original levels. The disposal practices make it difficult to
determine exact locations where the waste was buried; however, the present
topography of the site suggests that waste may have been deposited over the entire
50 acres. Vegetation on the site appears to have been affected by the contamination.
During a site inspection in 1984, the EPA observed several leachate streams at various
locations, as well as strong sulfate and methane odors. The EPA also detected several
contaminants in monitoring wells downgradient of the site. In 1974, the State Health
Commissioner advised the site operator to drill deep wells to replace six contaminated
shallow residential wells located adjacent to and just south of the site. A 1988
inspection of the site by the Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH) and the Department
of Environmental Management identified disposal areas that were uncovered and
exposed to the environment. Wells within 3 miles of the site serve at least 20,000
people. The closest residences to the site are located on the southern perimeter. A
200-home mobile home park is located downgradient of the site, to the south of the
landfill. Several small industries, a residential area, and land used for agricultural
purposes are located in the vicinity of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including selenium and
beryllium and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), trichloroethylene
(TCE) and toluene. The dump is located over a continuous portion of
shallow groundwater that is the sole source of drinking water for the town
of Elkhart. The drinking water supply for the town may be at risk if site-
related contaminants migrate into this shallow groundwater aquifer under
the site. The contamination on the site could also adversely affect the
nearby wetlands.
Mocch 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
24
continued
-------
HIMCO DUMP
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two phases: immediate actions and a long-term
remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The site operator installed deep wells to replace
nearby contaminated residential drinking water wells.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA began a study into the nature and extent of
site contamination and to identify alternative cleanup methods. The EPA
expects to finish this study in 1992. Actual cleanup work is anticipated to
begin in 1993 and to be completed in 1995.
Site Facts: In 1975, the owner of the site signed a consent agreement with the
Stream Pollution Control Board of Indiana that resulted in the closure of the site in
1976. Possible contamination of 6 residences' shallow wells, ranging from 22 to 62
feet deep, was reported to the Elkhart County Health Department, the ISBH, and the
EPA in 1974. In response to these complaints, the site operator drilled new water
wells for these six individuals, and when these wells were sampled in 1984, they were
not found to be contaminated.
New wells installed by the site operator for the six residences with contaminated wells
reduced the potential for exposure to the contaminated groundwater. After listing the
Himco Dump site on the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary evaluations and
determined that the site does not pose an immediate threat to the surrounding
community or the environment while investigations leading to the selection of a final
cleanup remedy for the site are taking place.
25
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INTERNATIONAL
MINERALS &
CHEMICAL CORP.
(TERRE HAUTE EAST P
INDIANA
EPAID# IND190010876
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
Vigo County
Terre Haute
Alias:
IMC (Terre Haute East Plant)
Site Description
The International Minerals & Chemical Corp. (Terre Haute East Plant) site consists of 6
acres of a 37-acre lot and is located in southeastern Terre Haute, about 2 miles east of
the Wabash River. It is bordered on the east and west by various railroad facilities.
From 1946 until 1954, the Commercial Solvents Corporation (CSC) manufactured and
stored benzene hexachloride (BHC), a raw material used in the production of pesticides,
at the facility. Wastes generated from the production of BHC were collected on the
site property in a sump, and were eventually disposed of at the Canal Road Dump,
located a few miles south of the property. In 1975, International Minerals and Chemical
Corporation (IMC) purchased the site. Beginning in 1979, IMC collected samples of
soils from the East Plant facility and the Canal Road Dump and analyzed them for the
presence of site-related contaminants. IMC also installed monitoring wells on and
around the East Plant property to determine if contaminants were migrating from the
site into the groundwater. The results of these studies confirmed the presence of BHC
in soil samples and in samples collected from two of the groundwater monitoring wells.
The EPA became involved in activities at the site in 1984, when contamination was
detected in some of the monitoring wells. While residential wells were found to
contain varying amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), none of the samples
taken contained BHC. The population of the City of Terre Haute is approximately
61,000. The majority of the people within the vicinity of the site are connected to the
municipal water supply system; the others depend on private wells for their drinking
water supply. There are approximately 30 nearby residential wells located
downgradient of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties'
actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils were contaminated with VOCs including low levels
of BHC; due to the nature of this chemical, it is unlikely that it migrated
into the local water supply system. During sampling, three residential
wells were found to contain chloroform and associated derivatives at or
above the maximum contaminant level for safe.drinking water. Potential
health threats included direct contact with or inhalation of contaminated
soils and accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater.
Match 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
26
continued
-------
INTERNATIONAL MINERALS & CHEMICAL CORP.
Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: IMC excavated approximately 18,500 cubic yards of
contaminated soil, rubble, piping, and other debris. The debris was
stockpiled in an on-site mound on the East Plant property. After the
completion of this mound, concentrations of BHC in groundwater declined relatively
quickly. The stockpile was covered with clay, common fill, and loam, then seeded in
1980 to prevent erosion that could result in exposure to contaminants. This cover
included a surface drainage collection system and venting mechanisms that allow gas
to escape from the soil. In 1981, IMC, under State and EPA supervision, installed
additional groundwater monitoring wells uphill and downhill of the stockpile mound.
From 1981 to the present, these wells have been sampled quarterly for the presence of
BHC and other contaminants.
Entire Site: A decision was reached in 1988 by the EPA that no further
cleanup action was necessary at the site because of the immediate
actions conducted by IMC in 1980. However, the following maintenance
activities are being conducted over a 30-year period: (1) inspection of the existing cover
on a quarterly basis; (2) maintenance of the vegetation cover; (3) monitoring BHCs in
the groundwater semi-annually for 5 years and annually for the next 25 years; (4) annual
reporting of monitoring results to the State; (5) restriction of access to the site; and (6)
establishment of a contingency plan that provides appropriate cleanup measures to be
taken if there is a chance that BHC may be released into the environment from the site.
The parties potentially responsible for site contamination are conducting the
maintenance activities as specified, under EPA monitoring. The EPA is recommending
that the IMC Terre Haute site be deleted from the National Priorities List (NPL). Both
the EPA and the State have determined that all appropriate responses at the IMC site
have been completed and that no further action is necessary.
The party potentially responsible for the site contamination took immediate action to
remove contaminated materials from the site, which significantly reduced the potential
for exposure to hazardous substances and effectively controlled the movement of
contaminants into the groundwater. The EPA has determined that the site no longer
poses a threat to human health or the environment and is recommending deletion of
the International Minerals & Chemical Corp. site from the NPL.
27
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LAKE SANDY JO
(M & M LANDFIL
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980500524
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Lake County
Gaiy
The Lake Sandy Jo (M & M Landfill) site covers 40 acres in Gary. The site was a former
water-filled borrow pit that was used as a landfill between 1971 and 1980. Various
wastes including construction and demolition debris, garage and industrial wastes, and
drums are believed to be buried on the site. The borrow pit was originally dug to
support construction of I-90/84, which is adjacent to the site. In 1971, groundwater
filled the pit, and it was used for a short time as a recreational lake. From 1971 until
1975, the pit was filled with various debris. Local residents became concerned over
odors from the site, and, in 1976, the owners were ordered to drain the lake and
restrict fill to demolition debris only. Later in 1976, the site was sold to Glen and
Gordon Martin, who continued filling operations without a license until the site was
closed in 1980. Approximately 5,300 people live within 3 miles of the site and draw
water from more than 1,400 wells.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, sediments, surface water, and soils contain heavy metals
such as arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, and silver; volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including methylene chloride and chloroform;
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); and the pesticide DDT. The soils also
are contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),
phthalates, and heavy metals. People who touch or accidentally ingest
contaminated groundwater, soil, surface water, or sediments may be~at
risk.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
28
continued
-------
LAKE SANDY JO (M & M LANDFILL)
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the EPA installed a 6-foot chain-link fence to
restrict access to the site. An existing 4-foot fence on the swampy
southern side of the site was deemed a sufficient barrier to complete the
enclosure. Several days after the installation, vandals stole 100 feet of the fence. To
discourage future vandalism, the fence was painted with fluorescent paint, reducing its
resale value.
Entire Site: Following the selection of cleanup activities in 1986, the EPA
has: (1) consolidated all contaminated soil and sediments; (2) installed
additional monitoring wells; and (3) covered the site with clean soil and
reseeded. The EPA anticipates extending the water main to approximately
80 residents in late 1990 or early 1991. A groundwater and surface water monitoring
program, deed restrictions on the use of the land, and institutional controls on the use
of the aquifer are expected to be in effect in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The installation of a security fence around the site and a cover over the site have
significantly reduced threats posed by the Lake Sandy Jo (M & M Landfill) site to the
surrounding community or the environment while final cleanup activities are being
completed.
29
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LAKELAND
SERVICE,
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND064703200
DJSPQS
IN(S
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 02
Kosciusko County
Claypool
Site Description
Lakeland Disposal Service, Inc. operated a 39-acre sanitary landfill 3 1/2 miles
northwest of Claypool. The landfill was licensed by the Indiana State Board of Health
(ISBH) to accept municipal and certain industrial wastes from specific facilities.
Beginning in 1974, general refuse and hazardous wastes including cyanide and sludges
containing paint, hydroxides of aluminum, and heavy metals were disposed of at the
site. In 1978, the Kosciusko County Circuit Court ordered the landfill closed as a result
of improper operations. The same year, a new owner began subdividing and selling
portions of the landfill to mobile home owners. In 1982, the State conducted a
methane gas survey at the closed landfill and detected high concentrations of the gas
beside one of the mobile homes. The State filed an injunction requesting that the
residents move from the landfill property. In 1983, the Kosciusko County Board of
Zoning Appeals ordered the residents to move off the landfill site. Currently, no one
resides at the site. Sloan Adams Ditch runs through the site into Palestine Lake 2 miles
away, which is used for recreational activities. There are approximately 1,100 residents
within 2 miles of the site who rely on private wells for their water supply. Claypool's
two municipal wells are within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic,
barium, and cadmium and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
methyl isobutyl ketone and toluene. On-site soils are contaminated with
heavy metals. Accidental ingestion of contaminated water from wells,
direct contact with contaminated soil, and the risk of fire and explosion
may pose health threats. The area has several wetlands, which could be
affected by contaminated runoff from the site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
30
continued
-------
LAKELAND DISPOSAL SERVICE, INC.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of
the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination
have begun an investigation to determine the nature and extent of
contamination and to identify alternatives for long-term cleanup of the site.
The investigation is expected to be completed in late 1992.
Site Facts: In 1989, Dana Corporation, General Motors Corporation, United
Technologies Automotive, Inc., and Warsaw Black Oxide, Inc. signed a Consent Order
with the EPA to conduct an investigation of site contamination. The study will result in
a work plan for the sampling of groundwater, surface water, and soils.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Lakeland Disposal site to the NPL, the EPA determined that the site
does not pose an imminent threat to the surrounding community and the environment
while the investigations leading to the selection of a final cleanup remedy for the site
are taking place.
31
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LEMON
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980794341
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Monroe County
Bloomlngton
Site Description
The Lemon Lane Landfill site is located on the western edge of Bloomington. The site
encompasses 10 acres, 3 of which are owned by a private citizen. From 1950 to 1964,
the landfill, which has no liner or runoff controls, accepted both municipal and industrial
wastes. Allegedly, wastes were incinerated on site. No records were kept of the types
or quantities of wastes received. Of primary concern are large quantities of exposed
and leaking capacitors containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Starting in 1980,
the State of Indiana and the EPA sampled the area several times. No PCBs were
detected in nearby residential wells at the time, nor were any surface discharges
observed. However, the geology of the area suggests that groundwater contamination
is possible. Westinghouse Electric Corporation, the party potentially responsible for
contamination at the site, is handling cleanup of Lemon Lane Landfill, as well as three
other National Priority List (NPL) sites and two authorized landfills in the Bloomington
area (Neal's Landfill, Neal's Dump, Bennett Stone Quarry, Winston-Thomas Treatment
Plant, and the Anderson Road Landfill). Westinghouse is planning to construct an
incinerator that will comply with all applicable local, State, and Federal laws.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soils are contaminated with PCBs. Direct contact
with and accidental ingestion of contaminated soil or groundwater are
potential health threats.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
32
continued
-------
LEMON LANE LANDFILL
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the EPA constructed a fence around the site
to prevent access to the area. The EPA also removed exposed PGB
capacitors; graded and covered the southern slopes of the site; regraded
and contoured the land to prevent ponding or erosion; and capped the site. In 1988, a
dye trace study of the groundwater system around the landfill was conducted to
determine the hydrologic connection of springs to the site and to better define the
groundwater system. On the basis of this study, the EPA concluded that effects on the
local groundwater wells are minimal.
Entire Site: An alternate water supply was provided to residents whose
wells showed signs of contamination. One nearby residence was
connected to the city water supply in 1988, after the dye trace study
determined that its well water supply was contaminated. A synthetic cap
was placed on the landfill in 1988. Westinghouse, based on an investigation of the site,
will conduct the remaining remedies for the site: (1) excavation of the wastes to a pre-
Westinghouse depth plus 3 feet of buffer zone; (2) incineration of excavated materials
in an approved facility; and (3) continual groundwater monitoring.
Erw^onrneriiaiProgress
By constructing a fence to restrict site access, removing the PCB capacitors, and
grading and covering the site to limit movement of contaminants from the property, the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Lemon Lane Landfill site has been
greatly reduced. Westinghouse is currently conducting the remaining cleanup activities
at the site.
33
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MAIN STREET
WELL FIELD
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980794358
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Elkhart County
Elkhart
Alias:
Elkhart Main Street Wellfleld
Site Description
The Main Street Well Field site consists of 15 wells on 10 acres of land in Elkhart. This
well field is the largest of 3 municipal well fields and supplies about 70% of the drinking
water for 40,000 residents of Elkhart. In 1981, during an EPA National Groundwater
Supply Survey, the well field was found to be contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). The EPA resampled water from the well field a month later and
discovered elevated concentrations of VOCs in the water used for consumption and in
3 production wells. Monitoring wells were installed by the City and sampling indicated
two industries on the eastern boundary of the well field were potential sources of
groundwater contamination. In 1982, the City installed two interceptor wells to help
prevent further migration of the contaminant plume. At first the contaminant levels
decreased, but between 1983 and 1985, they gradually increased.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being cleaned up through
a combination of Federal and State
action.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
-Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils contain VOCs including trichloroethylene (TCE).
People who touch or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or soil
may be at risk.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term
remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater, the aqu/fer contamination,
and the contaminated soil.
Morchl990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
34
continued
-------
MAIN STREET WELL FIELD
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, the EPA provided drinking water to
approximately 300 residents and extended the water main to 6 businesses,
a church, and 293 homes. Carbon filters were installed in 11 homes.
Groundwater: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy to provide an
alternate water supply by constructing air stripping facilities to remove the
contaminated flow from the Main Street Well Field. Contaminated water
is pumped from the aquifer, treated, and discharged to the existing water
treatment plant and distribution system. The EPA completed all actions involving the
installation of the air stripper in 1987.
Aquifer: During the construction of the air stripper, the EPA began the
long-term remedial investigation of the contaminated aquifer. The study,
scheduled for completion in 1991, is identifying the sources of
contamination and will result in the development of alternatives for cleanup of the
aquifer.
Soil: After the sources of the aquifer contamination have been identified,
the EPA will conduct an investigation into the type and extent of soil
contamination from the multiple sources contributing to the well field
contamination. Once the investigation is completed, the most appropriate
methods for soil cleanup will be recommended.
Environmental Progress
An alternate water supply has been provided to the communities served by the Main
Street Well Field, thereby eliminating the potential for exposure to contaminated
groundwater. Further investigations are being conducted to determine the sources of
contamination and to select the most effective remedies for cleaning up the soil and
aquifer contamination.
35
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MARION (BRAGG)
DUMP
INDIANA
EPAID# IND980794366
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 05
Grant County
Marion
Site Description
The Marion (Bragg) Dump covers 72 acres along Central Avenue in Marion. The area is
relatively flat, with the Mississinewa River running along two sides of the site. The
landfill, originally used as an old gravel pit, was leased by.the Radio Corporation of
America and the Bragg Construction Company in 1957 for the disposal of various
wastes. It was closed and covered in 1975. Later that year, Waste Reduction Systems
constructed a station on the site to transfer solid wastes to an approved landfill, which
was closed in 1977. The Marion Dump contains approximately 1,100,000 cubic yards
of wastes, some of which are hazardous, including solvents, plasticizers, lead, and
cadmium. An estimated 9,000 people reside in the area around the site. Residents in
the area depend on groundwater from private and municipal wells for their supply of
water. A 15-acre pond, located in the center of the site, is connected to the upper
aquifer. The northern portion of the site is within the 100-year floodplain of the
Mississinewa River.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including benzene and trichloroethene. The soil is contaminated with
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and arsenic. People who touch
or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk,
although the wells in the immediate area, which draw on the aquifer, have
not been found to contain contaminants.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
36
continued
-------
MARION (BRAGG) DUMP
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial
phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: The parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination installed a fence around the site, drilled new monitoring
wells, and began capping the site. Completion is expected later in 1990.
Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA selected the following remedy for the site:
(1) regrading and capping of the site to promote runoff, reduce infiltration,
eliminate leachate seepage and prevent direct contact with surface soils
and exposed waste; (2) providing for a|id maintaining flood control
measures to protect the portions of the site in the floodplain; (3) constructing and
maintaining a fence around the site; (4) replacing private drinking water wells in the
deep aquifer for users within a specified boundary; (5) sealing of shallow wells; (6)
conducting supplemental studies to complete investigations of the groundwater and
pond; and (7) operation and maintenance of the site. The investigation of the
groundwater and on-site pond, to determine if further action is needed, also has begun.
Environmental Progress
By constructing a fence around the site and a cap over the site/the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials was greatly reduced. Further cleanup activities are
currently under way and groundwater studies are ongoing.
37
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MIDCO I
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980615421
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Lake County
Gary
Alias:
Midwest Solvents Recovery
Site Description
The Midwest Solvent Recovery Company (MIDCO) I site is a 4-acre, abandoned
industrial waste recycling, storage, and disposal facility in Gary. Recycling, storing, and
disposing of industrial wastes began at the site sometime before 1973. In 1973,
approximately 6,000 to 7,000 drums were observed stockpiled on the site. Later, 4
bulk tanks, each with a capacity of ,4,000 to 10,000 gallons, were found on the site. In
1976, a fire burned approximately 14,000 drums of chemical waste. Operations
resumed in 1977 under new management, but by 1979, the facility was abandoned,
leaving an estimated 14,000 drums stockpiled on site. In 1981, severe flooding caused
water in the area to drain into a neighboring city to the west; contact with the flood
water reportedly resulted in skin burns. Following a fire in 1976, MIDCO I moved to a
new location, known as MIDCO II, which is also on the National Priorities List (NPL).
Residential neighborhoods surround the site on three sides, with one resident living as
close as 900 feet to the site. Twelve drinking water wells have been identified in the
Calumet aquifer, within approximately 1 mile from the site, in the downgradient
groundwater flow direction. The Calumet aquifer, one of two maj'or aquifers underlying
the site and providing water to these wells, is highly susceptible to contamination from
surface sources. The area surrounding the site is mixed light industrial, commercial,
residential, and wetlands.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
trichloroethylene (TCE) and acetone. Sediments and soils are
contaminated with VOCs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals, and
chlordane, a pesticide. VOCs, chromium, lead, cadmium, and cyanide
were detected in surface waters northeast of the site. Sodium was the
most concentrated contaminant found in the surface water. It may have
migratedfrom the nearby salt depot of the Indiana Highway Department.
Contaminants in the soil are leaching into the groundwater. The
contaminated groundwater in turn is migrating off site and may eventually
affect downgradient drinking water wells. People who touch or
accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater, surface water, sediments,
or soil may be at risk. The contamination also could adversely affect
wildlife and plants in or around the wetlands.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
38
continued
-------
MIDCO I
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, to address the immediate threats to the
public, the EPA removed extensive surface wastes, an underground tank,
and the top 1 foot of contaminated soil. The entire site and the area
immediately east of it were then covered with a temporary clay cover.
Entire Site: To address the contaminated subsurface soil, sediment, and
groundwater, the EPA selected the following cleanup actions in 1989: (1)
treatment of 12,400 cubic yards of contaminated soil and subsurface
materials using a combination of soil vapor extraction and solidification/stab///zaf/on,
followed by on-site disposal; (2) excavation and on-site solidification/stabilization of
approximately 1,200 cubic yards of contaminated sediment from surrounding wetlands;
(3) installation of a final site cover; (4) installation and operation of a deep underground
injection well for disposal of the contaminated groundwater; (5) installation and
operation of a treatment system for the contaminated groundwater to remove
hazardous substances, followed by deep well injection of the salt-contaminated water;
or (6) installation and operation of a treatment system for the contaminated
groundwater to remove hazardous substances followed by reinjection of the salt-
contaminated groundwater into the Calumet aquifer in a manner that will prevent
spreading of the salt plume; (7) groundwater monitoring; and (8) implementation of
deed and access restrictions: The EPA is designing the technical specifications for the
cleanup. Once the design phase is completed, the cleanup activities will begin.
Site Facts: In June 1985, a group of potentially responsible parties agreed to
reimburse the EPA for past response action costs and to perform the site investigation.
This Consent Decree became effective in August 1985. The parties have also agreed
to perform final cleanup activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the contaminated materials and soils from the site and the installation of
a temporary cover have significantly reduced the threat of exposure to hazardous
materials while cleanup actions are being planned.
39
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MIDCO II
INDIANA
EPAID# IND980679559
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Lake County
Gary
Aliases:
Midwest Industrial Waste Disposal Company
Site Description
The Midwest Industrial Waste Disposal Company (MIDCO II) site is an abandoned,
industrial waste recycling/disposal facility covering 7 acres in Gary. The operators of
the MIDCO I facility, another NPL site, relocated operations to the MIDCO II location
after a fire in 1976. Operations at MIDCO II began in 1976 and included temporary bulk
liquid and drum storage of waste and recyclable materials, neutralization of acids and
caustics, and on-site dumping of waste into pits, which allowed wastes to percolate
into the groundwater. One of these pits had an overflow pipe leading into a ditch,
which drained into another ditch leading to the Grand Calumet River. In 1977, a fire at
MIDCO II destroyed equipment, buildings, and an estimated 50,000 to 60,000 drums.
The site was abandoned after the fire. Burned-out drums, drums containing chemical
wastes, 12 aboveground tanks with 10,000-gallon capacity, and one underground tank
were abandoned on the site. Approximately 479,000 people live within 3 miles of the
site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Contaminants affecting the groundwater include volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, and trichloroethylene
(TCE); other organics including isoporene; cyanide; and arsenic, lead, and
other heavy metals. Sediments and soils are contaminated with similar
substances and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Potential health risks
exist for individuals accidentally ingesting or conning into direct contact
with the contaminated soil, sediment, or groundwater. Migration of
contaminants through the groundwater may threaten the off-site aquifer
and downstream wetlands.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
40
continued
-------
MIDCO II
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: From 1984 to 1989, the EPA repaired and extended
the site fence; sampled and removed most of the remaining drums, tanks,
and debris from the site's surface; and removed the sludge pits and filter
pit contents. The resulting PCB-contaminated pile was removed and disposed of in an
off-site hazardous waste landfill in early 1986, and most of the cyanide-contaminated
pile was also removed.
Entire Site: The major components of the remedies selected by the EPA
in 1989 are: (1) on-site treatment of an estimated 35,000 cubic yards of
contaminated soil and waste material by solidification/sfaM/zaf/on. The
solidified material will remain on site; (2) excavation and on-site
solidification/stabilization of approximately 500 cubic yards of contaminated sediments
in the ditch adjacent to the northeast boundary of the site; (3) installation and operation
of a groundwater pump and treat system to intercept and treat contaminated
groundwater; {4} installation and operation of injection wells for disposal of the treated
water; (5) installation of a conduit in the ditch along the site and a final site cover; (6)
restriction of site access and imposition of deed restrictions as appropriate; and (7)
related testing and long-term monitoring. The EPA is designing the technical
specifications for the cleanup. Once the design phase is completed, the cleanup
activities will begin.
Site Facts: In June 1985, a group of potentially responsible parties agreed to
reimburse the EPA for past response action costs and to perform the site investigation.
This Consent Decree became effective in August 1985. In November 1989, the EPA
issued a Unilateral Administrative Orderfor implementation of the final cleanup actions
at the MIDCO II site.
By fencing the MIDCO II site and removing drums, tanks, and debris, the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials has been greatly reduced. The technical specifications
for the remedies selected for the permanent site cleanup are currently being prepared
by the EPA.
41
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NEAL'S DUMP
(SPENCER)
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980794549
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
Owen County
Spencer
The Meal's Dump site covers approximately 1/2 acre in Spencer. The dump operated
from 1967 until 1971, when it was closed. During its operation, the owner accepted
electrical capacitors, oil-stained rags, and sawdust from the Westinghouse facility
nearby. The Westinghouse Electric Corporation, the party potentially responsible for
the contamination at the site, is treating Meal's Dump, as well as three other National
Priorities List sites and two authorized landfills in the Bloomington area. These sites
are: Meal's Landfill, Lemon Lane Landfill, Bennett Stone Quarry, Winston-Thomas
Treatment Plant, and Anderson Road Landfill. Westinghouse is planning to construct
an incinerator that will comply with all applicable local, State, and Federal laws to begin
burning municipal solid waste. After incineration of all of the removed materials from
the sites, Westinghouse and the City of Bloomington will determine whether the
incinerator should continue to operate as a municipal solid waste facility or whether it
should be dismantled. Approximately 175 people live within 1 mile of the site, and 954
people live within 3 miles. Forty-nine wells are located within a mile of the site.
Located adjacent to the site are natural springs, a stream, and a river.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, surface water, soils, and air are contaminated with
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Potential health risks may exist for
individuals who accidentally ingest or come into direct contact with the
contaminants or for those who inhale contaminated particulates in the air
on the site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
42
continued
-------
NEAL'S DUMP (SPENCER)
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under the EPA's monitoring, the parties potentially
responsible for the contamination are installing a cap and constructing a
security fence and a surface drainage control system. The work is
scheduled to be completed in late 1990.
Entire Site: The Westinghouse Electric Corporation, under monitoring by
the EPA, will conduct the following cleanup actions: (1) excavate all
contaminated materials plus a 2-foot buffer zone; (2) incinerate excavated
materials in an approved facility; (3) remove contaminated stream sediment (4) operate
a carbon treatment system for groundwater discharges; (5) monitor groundwater; and
(6) provide an alternate water supply. The Westinghouse Electric Company has begun
designing the technologies to be used in the cleanup. This work is scheduled to be
completed in 1993, at which time the final cleanup activities are slated to begin.
Environmental Progress
By constructing a security fence, capping the site, and installing a drainage control
system, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Neal's Dump site is
being greatly reduced while final cleanup actions are implemented.
43
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NEAL'S
(BLOOMING
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980614556
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
Monroe County
Bloomington
The Neal's Landfill (Bloomington) site covers approximately 18 acres in Bloomington.
The site was used as an industrial and municipal waste landfill from 1950 to 1972. The
main fill area measures about 300 yards. Later, the landfill was used as a pasture for
beef cattle. A number of springs surface near the site and flow to Richland Creek, a
tributary of the White River. In 1966 and 1967, capacitors and arrestors containing
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as PCB-contaminated capacitor insulation
material, rags, and filter clay, were disposed of at the landfill. Capacitors and other
contaminated materials are visible on the surface. PCBs have been found in surface
soils in the northeast portion of the landfill, the springs near the site, and the sediments
of Richard Creek. The Westinghouse Electric Corporation, the party potentially
responsible for the contamination at the site, is treating Neal's Landfill (Bloomington)
site, as well as three other NPL sites and two authorized landfills in the Bloomington
area. These areas are Neal's Dump, Lemon Lane Landfill, Bennett's Dump, Winston-
Thomas Treatment Plant, and Anderson Road Landfill. Approximately 121 people live
within a mile of the site, and about 1,085 people live within 3 miles of the site.
Conrad's Branch and Richland Creek are nearby.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/22/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, sediments and soils are contaminated with
PCBs from materials dumped at the landfill. Potential health risks may
exist for individuals who accidentally ingest or come into direct contact
with these contaminants.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
44
continued
-------
NEAL'S LANDFILL (BLOOMINGTON)
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under the EPA's monitoring, the parties potentially
responsible for the contamination installed a cap, erosion control fences, a
security fence, and drainage control trenches. Warning signs have been
posted along Conrad's Branch and Richland Creek. A sediment collection system also
was installed at Conrad's Branch. Westinghouse performed removal of PCB-
contaminated sediments from Richland Creek and Conrad's Branch in late 1989. A
treatment plant has been constructed by Westinghouse to treat spring water discharge
from Neal's Landfill.
Entire Site: In 1988, Westinghouse began a cleanup program including
excavating all contaminated materials plus a 2-foot buffer zone; incinerating
excavated materials in an approved facility; providing an alternate water
supply to affected residents; removing stream sediment; operating a carbon treatment
system for groundwater discharges; and monitoring the groundwater. Westinghouse
will conduct a dye trace study to investigate groundwater flow patterns from Neal's
Landfill in late 1990. Groundwater monitoring occurs on a quarterly basis for on-site
wells.
Environmental Progress
Immediate actions taken to control the spread of contamination have reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Neal's Landfill (Bloomington) site
while final cleanup actions are being completed.
45
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NINTH AVENUE
DUMP
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980794432
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 01
Lake County
Gary
The Ninth Avenue Dump site is located on 17 acres in an industrialized area within the
city limits of Gary. From 1973 until 1980, the site was used for the disposal of liquid
hazardous waste. Disposal operations included dumping wood debris into marshy
areas, pouring liquid waste onto the debris, and covering the area with fill material.
During a site inspection conducted in 1975, the Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH)
estimated that 500,000 gallons of liquid industrial waste had been dumped at the site.
When operations ceased at the dump, several thousand drums and some tankers of
waste remained on site. The owner began removing of some site debris, but in the fall
of 1980 disposal operations at the site were halted when the EPA filed suit against the
site owners and operators under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
In 1981, heavy rains caused severe flooding in the area surrounding the dump, and
runoff from the site flowed into the Hessville neighborhood, flooding streets and
basements of homes. In order to control surface water drainage from the site,
Hammond city officials ordered the construction of a dirt dike. The dike currently
remains intact and prevents water from flowing into Hammond from Gary. The Ninth
Avenue Dump site lies approximately 700 feet north of the two MIDCO NPL sites and
is close to several other potential sources of contaminants. Approximately 33,000
people live within a 2-mile radius of the site, with the nearest residential area located
approximately 800 feet west of the site. The site is adjacent to several ponds and a
wetland area.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including benzene, toluene, and xylenes; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs); and heavy metals including nickel and silver. On-site groundwater
contains a hydrocarbon layer containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
pesticides, VOCs, and PAHs. PAHs, toluene, cadmium, and lead were
detected in off-site surface soil. On-site sediment samples contained
PAHs and PCBs. Accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater,
surface water, soil, or sediments may present health risks. Groundwater
monitoring at the nearest active private drinking well did not detect any
Mdfchl990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
46
continued
-------
NINTH AVENUE DUMP
Threats and Contaminants Continued
site-related contaminants. The fence installed around the perimeter of
the site has been vandalized, and trespassing occurs frequently,
increasing the potential for individuals to come into direct contact with the
contaminants. Migratory birds and other wildlife are abundant in the on-
and off-site wetlands, and contamination could harm them.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term
remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the oil layer and cleanup of the soil and
groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The site owner removed and disposed of 10,000
drums, tank cars, and the first foot of contaminated surface soils from the
site from 1984 to 1985. The EPA fenced the site in 1987 to restrict public
access.
Oil Layer: In 1988, the EPA selected cleanup actions to contain the oil-
contaminated portion of the site and to extract the oil layer floating on the
groundwater. The remedy includes: (1) construction of a soil-bentonite
slurry wall to completely surround the oil layer; (2) installation of an oil/
groundwater extraction and recharge system; (3) installation of a small-scale on-site
groundwater treatment system to allow for dewatering of the slurry wall; (4) monitoring
of groundwater inside and outside the slurry wall to ensure its effectiveness; and (5)
installation of an on-site oil storage tank. The oil layer is estimated to be 250,000 to
700,000 gallons, of which 100,000 to 500,000 may be recoverable. Design for the
cleanup action was started by the potentially responsible parties in early 1989, and
construction is scheduled to begin in early 1991.
Soil and Groundwater: This phase addresses the remaining threats to
the site, which include contaminated soil, sediment, fill material,
groundwater, and oil collected and stored in the on-site storage tanks. In
1989, the EPA selected the following actions for cleanup of the site: (1)
excavation of approximately 36,000 cubic yards of oil-contaminated waste and fill down
to the native sand level; (2) thermal treatment of excavated fill and extracted oil, most
likely in a mobile on-site incinerator; (3) removal of debris and contaminated sediments
from on- and off-site surface water bodies; (4) filling the excavated area with treatment
process residuals, trench spoils, pond sediments, and debris; (5) covering the area
contained by the slurry wall with a cap: (6) extraction, treatment, and reinjection of
contaminated groundwater inside the slurry wall to promote soil flushing; (7) discharge
of a small quantity of treated groundwater outside the slurry wall to compensate for
infiltration; (8) deed and access restrictions to prohibit the use of the groundwater
continued
47
-------
NINTH AVENUE DUMP
Response Action Status Continued
under the site and to protect the cap; and (9) long-term groundwater monitoring. The
potentially responsible parties began design of this remedy in 1989. Actual cleanup is
scheduled to begin at the end of 1991.
Site Facts: A Consent Decree was signed by the owner and the EPA in December
1983 requiring the owner to remove wastes from the site and to determine the type
and extent of site contamination. An order was issued by the EPA to the potentially
responsible parties in December 1988, requiring cleanup of the oil-contaminated
portions of the site and cleanup of the the soil and groundwater.
i Environmental Progress
By removing the most heavily contaminated materials and fencing in the site to restrict
access, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials on the Ninth Avenue Dump
site has been greatly reduced, while final cleanup actions are being designed.
48
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LANDFILL
C;
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND050530872
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Boone County
Zlonsville
The Northside Sanitary Landfill (NSL) covers approximately 70 acres of a 170-acre
parcel of land. The site is located in Union Township, about 10 miles northwest of
Indianapolis. Over 16 million gallons of hazardous wastes have been deposited in the
landfill. The NSL opened in the 1950s as an open dump and was licensed by the State
in 1971 to accept hazardous wastes. From 1972 to 1973, numerous operation
deficiencies, including the failure to cover refuse, surface burning, underground fires,
leachate, and vermin problems resulted in orders by the Indiana State Board of Health
(ISBH) to cease operations. In 1982, the owner, at the direction of the ISBH, installed a
leachate collection system and three submerged leachate collection tanks on the west
side of the site. After the owner removed 400,000 gallons of leachate from the three
tanks and disposed of it by spraying it on the landfill, the Indiana Division of Land
Pollution Control (IDLPC) advised the owner that leachate would have to be solidified
prior to disposal. By early 1983, the State Environmental Management Board issued a
notice of violation and ordered the owner to stop accepting hazardous waste. A small
residential community, Northfield, is located to the north of the site. Approximately 50
residences are located within a mile of the site, and 1,750 residences within 3 miles of
the site use wells for drinking water. An unnamed ditch runs along the western edge
of the landfill and joins Finley Creek. Finley Creek flows into Eagle Creek about 1/2 mile
downstream from the site. Eagle Creek flows south for 10 miles before it empties into
Eagle Creek Reservoir, which supplies approximately 6% of the drinking water for the
City of Indianapolis.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
L\
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soils, surface water, and sediments are contaminated with
pesticides, acids, oils, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
benzene and trichloroethylene (TCE). Potential health risks may exist
from accidental ingestion of contaminated soils and sediments. Drinking
contaminated groundwater may also pose health risks, as may the
consumption of fish from Finley Creek that have accumulated
contaminants in their tissues. Contamination in the creek may harm
wildlife in or around the water.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
49
continued
-------
NORTHSIDE SANITARY LANDFILL, INC.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of
the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA selected the following remedies to address
the contamination at the site: (1) deed and access restrictions to prevent
further development of the site; (2) installation of a multi-layer cap over the
site; (3) re-routing surface waters to reduce the potential for contamination
migration', (4) leachate collection and treatment; (5) groundwater collection and
treatment; and (6) monitoring to ensure treatment effectiveness. The EPA has
completed the field work necessary to design the site cleanup activities. The design
activities are expected to be completed by the potentially responsible parties in 1991.
Site Facts: Because the site is located near the Envirochem facility, another NPL site,
and the two sites share similar contamination problems, the EPA has combined the site
investigations and selection of the remedy for these sites. However, actual cleanup
activities will be slightly different, pertaining to the individual site. The EPA also has
reached an agreement with the potentially responsible parties to assume responsibility
for the cleanup action.
Environmental Progress
After adding the Northside Sanitary Landfill to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary
investigations and determined that the site does not pose an imminent threat to the
surrounding communities or the environment while final cleanup remedies are being
planned.
50
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POER FAR
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND98068458f3
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Hancock County
3 miles north of Wilkinson, 5 miles southeast of
Knightstown
Alias:
Norman Poer Farm
Site Description
Poer Farm is a 5-acre site located on a small hill between two streams and along East
County Road about 3 miles north of Wilkinson. The site is an abandoned tract of land
with a house and barn that have collapsed and been vandalized. The surrounding area
is open farmland that supports crops of soybeans and corn. The site consists of three
separate areas where Norman Poer and Michael Coleman received and stored about
275 drums of solvents and paint resins from 1973 until 1983. The owners planned to
blend these materials into low-quality paint for bridges and barns. They abandoned the
project and left the 55-gallon drums on the site. The EPA inspected the site and found
that the drums were leaking, and vegetation surrounding the area was damaged. The
EPA analyzed the drums and soils underneath them and found volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. Agricultural lands completely surround the Poer
Farm site, and the nearest residence is approximately 650 feet to the north. About 495
people live 3 miles north of the site in Wilkinson, and about 2,325 people live 5 miles
away in Knightstown.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 10/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Soils on site contain VOCs including toluene, xylene, and ethyl benzene
and heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, and lead. The EPA sampled
the entire site and found no significant levels of contamination that could
pose a threat to the environment. Therefore, people near the site are not
at risk from exposure to hazardous chemicals.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
51
continued
-------
POERFARM
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term
remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1983, the EPA removed all wastes and 6 to 8
inches of soils from the drum storage areas on site. All solid and liquid
wastes from the drums were properly disposed of at EPA-regulated
landfills. The well on site was sampled and results showed that the levels of arsenic,
cadmium, and lead were at or below the State and Federal standards for drinking water.
The site was fenced, and signs to warn the public of contaminants were posted.
Entire Site: The EPA completed a study of the nature and extent of
contamination at the site in 1985. The party potentially responsible for
contamination at the site completed a second study in 1988, under the
EPA's monitoring. The purpose of the second study was to determine if the immediate
cleanup actions at the site were effective and to ensure that no significant
contamination remained at the site that could threaten the health of people around it.
Based on the results of the second study, the EPA determined that no further action is
needed at the Poer Farm site.
Site Facts: In 1985, a potentially responsible party signed a Consent Order with the
EPA and the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, under which the party
agreed to reimburse the EPA for past response action costs and to carry out the study
of the nature and extent of contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal and disposal of hazardous waste and contaminated soils from the Poer
Farm site have eliminated the threat to human health and the surrounding environment.
Actions are under way to delete the site from the NPL.
52
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PRESTOLITE
BATTERY DIVI
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND006377048
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 08
Knox County
Northeast of Vincennes
Alias:
Eltra Corporation - Prestolite Battery Division
Site Description
The 17 1/2-acre Prestolite Battery Division site is an inactive facility that manufactured
lead-ac/tf batteries. The Autolite Battery Corporation set up the plant in 1945. Several
companies owned and operated the facility until Allied Chemical Company, the latest
owner of the site, ceased operations and closed the plant in 1985. Allied received a
permit allowing it to temporarily operate the site, but decided to close before obtaining
a long-term operating permit for the plant. Wastewaters from the plant's operations
were contaminated with lead and sulfuric acid. Prior to 1978, the plant discharged its
wastewaters directly to the Vincennes Sanitary Sewer System. From 1978 until the
plant closed in 1985, the plant treated its wastewaters and then released them to a
lagoon on site. The Vincennes Treatment Works accepted the overflow from the
lagoon. The plant also released air contaminated with lead. Soil on site and in the area
has been contaminated with lead, mainly from airborne particles. Malfunctions of
equipment on site and accidental spills have also contributed to contamination of soils.
During the plant's operations, industrial sewer lines at the site became plugged with
lead, and as a result of leaks and sewer line backups, the soil around some of these
sewers and sumps became contaminated with lead. Soil on the site was also
contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The manufacturing building on
site remains intact, although all process equipment has been removed from inside the
building. A fence encloses the site. The site is located within the floodplain of the
Wabash River, which is 5,000 feet west of the site. Surface water from the site drains
to Kelso Creek and Snapp Creek; both creeks are 3/4 mile from the site. The closest
residence is 50 feet from the site, and there are approximately 500 people within 1 mile
of the site. The city of Vincennes maintains seven wells for its supply located 3 miles
from the site. Private wells are also located in the area around the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 10/04/89
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
53
continued
-------
PRESTOLITE BATTERY DIVISION
Threats and Contaminants
Air, groundwater, soils, and surface water are contaminated with lead.
Soils are also contaminated with PCBs. People who touch or accidentally
ingest contaminated groundwater, soil, or surface water may suffer
adverse health effects. People may also be exposed to contaminants by
breathing dust particles.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, the party potentially responsible for site
contamination removed more than 6,800 cubic yards of lead-contaminated
sedimentfrom the site. Soils from known areas of PCB contamination
also have been excavated and removed from the site. A concrete-lined wastewater
storage lagoon has been emptied and cleaned. The lagoon area is surrounded by a
fence to limit access. Sewer lines that run under the manufacturing building have been
capped. Disturbed soils and fill material remain where wastewater sewer lines and
contaminated soils were excavated.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA started an investigation to define the nature
and extent of pollutants at the site. This study is examining the
effectiveness of the immediate cleanup actions and is defining the threat
that remaining contamination at the site poses to the health of people living and
working in the area. The study is also evaluating the various options for addressing the
final cleanup of the site. The EPA is scheduled to complete this study in 1992.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated sediments and soils greatly reduced the potential of
exposure to hazardous materials at the Prestolite Battery Division site while studies are
taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
54
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r-f-T
REILLY TAR&
CHEMICAL COKP
I- % ** ^%wv j- f ^ -w&:
(INDIANAPQLIS
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND000807107
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 10
Marlon County
Indianapolis
Site Description
The 120-acre Reilly Tar & Chemical Corporation site has been used for the production
of speciality chemicals and related products since the early 1950s. Until 1972, a coal-
tar refining and wood-treatment facility using creosote operated on the site. Located
on site are a trench, a landfill, and several pits used to dispose of wastes. A lime pond
received boiler cooling water. The site is fenced. There are approximately 5,200
residents within 3 miles of the site using groundwater for drinking water supplies. A
residence is located less than 2,000 feet from the site. All residents now have city
water available to them although private wells still are in use.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and surface water are contaminated with creosotes and
ammonia. Soil is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including toluene. The potential health risks including touching or
accidentally ingesting contaminated groundwater, surface water, or soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
continued
55
-------
REILLY TAR & CHEMICAL CORP. (INDIANAPOLIS PLANT)
Response Action Status
Entire Site: A potentially responsible party, Reilly Industries, Inc., is
currently conducting an investigation, under EPA monitoring, into the
nature and extent of contamination at the site. The investigation is
defining the contaminants and will recommend alternatives for the final cleanup. The
investigation is scheduled to be completed in 1991.
Site Facts: Reilly Industries, Inc., has entered into a Consent Order with the EPA. The
company agreed to conduct the study into the nature and extent of contamination at
the site and recommend alternatives for final cleanup.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Reilly Tar and Chemical
Corporation site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
66
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SEYMOUR
CORPORATON
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND040313017
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Jackson County
2 miles southwest of Seymour
The 14-acre Seymour Recycling Corporation is made up of two parts: a 12-acre area
surrounded by a berm and fence to confine rainwater and prevent access to the site,
and a 2-acre area located directly to the northeast of the larger area. From 1970 to
1980, the site operated as a processing center for waste chemicals. Wastes were
accumulated on site in drums, bulk storage tanks, and tarik trucks. By 1980, there
were approximately 98 storage tanks on site and 50,000 drums. The majority of the
drums were rusted and punctured, some were missing lids, and a large number
leaked. The leaks caused contaminants to cover a widespread area, toxic vapors to be
released from the site, and on-site fires. The facility closed in 1980. Surface drums and
tanks and their contents were removed in 1981 and 1982. Contaminated soils continue
to pollute the aquifers. The shallow aquifer is highly contaminated with various
hazardous chemicals including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Approximately 100
homes are located within 1 mile of the site. Most private water supply wells for these
residences have been disconnected and replaced with water from the City of Seymour
water supply system. Contaminated runoff from the site entered nearby drainage
ditches that flow into the White River and then to the Ohio River. Releases of
contaminants from the site resulted in fish kills.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, a'nd potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/22/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains VOCs, chloroform, phenols, and heavy metals
including arsenic, barium, iron, and manganese. Soils are contaminated
with high levels of beryllium, VOCs, and heavy metals. People could be
exposed to contaminants by touching or accidentally ingesting
contaminated groundwater or soil. People who eat contaminated fish
may suffer adverse health effects.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
57
continued
-------
SEYMOUR RECYCLING CORPORATION
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term
remedial phases focusing on groundwater cleanup and soil cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1980, the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination removed several thousand drums from the site. In 1981,
the EPA removed chemicals from tanks at the site and disposed of those
wastes off site. A dike was installed around the site to prevent rainfall from mixing
with wastes on the ground. The site fence was upgraded. The surface water
treatment plant located on site was upgraded in 1982. From 1982 to 1984, potentially
responsible parties removed approximately 50,000 drums, 100 storage tanks, and
contaminated soil from 75% of the site's surface and partially covered the site with a
temporary soil cap. Homes surrounding the site were connected to the city water
distribution system in 1984 and 1985 due to the threat of groundwater contamination.
A total of 177,500 gallons of flammable liquids were incinerated. Approximately 31,800
cubic yards of crushed drums, scrap metal, sludge, and contaminated soil and debris,
359 lab packs of sludge, and 296 drums of flammable solids were landfilled.
Approximately 104,200 gallons of inert liquids were injected into a deep well.
Groundwater: The selected cleanup remedy to address the groundwater
plume includes implementation of a plume stabilization system that will
extract, treat, and discharge contaminated groundwater to the Seymour
Wastewater Treatment Plant. The potentially responsible parties have
begun implementing the groundwater plume stabilization system, which is scheduled
to be completed in 1994.
Soil: The selected cleanup remedies to address soil contamination include:
(1) implementation of deed and access restrictions and other controls to
prevent future development of the site and adjacent property; (2)
implementation of soil bioremediation; (3) implementation of a soil vapor
extraction system; (3) extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater at and
beyond the site boundaries; (4) installation of a cap; (5) excavation of contaminated
sedimentand consolidation of sediment beneath the cap; and (6) regular monitoring to
determine the effectiveness of these cleanup activities. The potentially responsible
parties began implementation of the soil bioremediation process and construction of
the soil vapor extraction system in 1990.
Site Facts: In 1988, the EPA, the State, and potentially responsible parties entered into
a Consent Decree. The Decree requires the parties to reimburse the Federal
government for past cleanup costs and to perform and pay for future cleanup activities.
continued
58
-------
SEYMOUR RECYCLING CORPORATION
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums, soils, and storage tanks has greatly reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the Seymour Recycling Corporation site while
final cleanup activities are taking place.
59
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SOUTHSID^
LANDFILL
INDIANA
EPA IDS IND98060736<1>'
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Marlon County
Southwest of Indianapolis
Alias:
Southside Sanitary Disposal & Transfer Co.,
Inc.
Site Description
The 160-acre Southside Sanitary Landfill is an active solid waste disposal facility that
began landffiling activities in 1971. In 1974, the 34 acres on the north side of the site
were licensed by the County and the State for disposal of solid wastes. After the first
excavated area was filled by dumping of refuse and covered with a layer of dirt, a
second area was excavated 150 feet to the south. After these areas were filled, the
land between the two was excavated. In 1975, the site was expanded to 160 acres.
An estimated 4 million cubic yards of waste including coal tar, asbestos, iron oxide and
clarifier sludges, and paint waste have been buried at the landfill. Access to the site is
restricted. Approximately 7,200 people within 3 miles of the site use groundwater for
drinking water supplies. The distance from the site to the nearest residence is 1/2 mile.
Approximately 2,000 private wells are located within 3 miles of the site. Nearby Eagle
Creek, White River, and Fall River are used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic,
chromium, cadmium, and nickel. On-site soils are contaminated with
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Potential health threats to
people include touching or accidentally ingesting contaminated
groundwater or soil.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
60
continued
-------
SOUTHSIDB SANITARY LANDFILL
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The owners/operators of the Southside Landfill, under State
monitoring, currently are conducting an investigation into the nature and
extent of contamination at the site. The investigation is defining the
contaminants and recommending alternatives for the final cleanup. The investigation is
scheduled to be completed in 1992.
Site Facts: In 1986, the State and the Southside Landfill entered into an agreement
requiring that the company construct a leachate collection system and an underground
slurry wall to control migration of groundwater.
Environmental progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Southside Sanitary Landfill
site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
61
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TIPPECANOE
LANDFILL INC
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980997639
Site Description
REGION 5
NGRESSIONAL DIST. 07
Tippecanoe County
Lafayette
In 1971, the 51-acre Tippecanoe Sanitary Landfill received a permit from the State to
accept municipal wastes. In 1978, the State did not renew the site's operating permit.
A series of appeals followed, during which the landfill continued to operate. In 1979,
ALCOA advised the State that the aluminum-lime sludge that had been disposed of at
the site since 1973 contained significant levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Disposal of the sludge ceased, but considerable quantities had already been deposited
at the site. In 1983, the Indiana State Board of Health found that a nearby well was
contaminated. The facility discontinued accepting wastes in 1989. Approximately
81,000 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the
site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties'actions.
IMPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with PCBs, volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), and heavy metals including lead and cadmium. Sludge on site
contains PCBs. The contaminated groundwater is a potential health threat
to individuals if it is accidentally touched or swallowed.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup
of the entire site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
62
continued
-------
TIPPECANOE SANITARY LANDFILL INC.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Some of the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination agreed to conduct an investigation to determine the nature
and extent of contamination and to identify alternative actions for the
cleanup of the site. The investigation began in 1990.
Site Facts: A Consent Decree signed in 1988 ordered the owner to close the landfill by
October 1989.
Environmental Progress
After proposing this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Tippecanoe Sanitary Landfill
site while studies and cleanup activities are being planned.
63
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TRI-STATE
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND006038764
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 09
Bartholomew County
Columbus
Site Description
For approximately 35 years prior to 1981, the Tri-State Plating site was used by Hull
Industries and Quality Plating Service Company. In 1981, Tri-State Plating purchased
the facility and began an electroplating operation. Contamination problems first were
detected at the site when the Bartholomew County Health Department and the Indiana
State Board of Health (ISBH) inspected the site and found that soils contained high
concentrations of cyanide and heavy metals. In 1984, after finding that Tri-State Plating
was discharging contaminated wastewater, the City of Columbus instructed the
company to install a treatment system to control contaminated wastewater discharges
to the City's sewers. Later in 1984, when a treatment system was not installed, the
City blocked off sewers leading from the Tri-State Plating facility and shut off the
company's water supply. Tri-State Plating discontinued operations in 1984. The
nearest residence is adjacent to the site boundary. The City of Columbus has
approximately 30,000 people, some of whom are served by a well field located near
the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with chromium. The soil was
contaminated with heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, copper,
lead, nickel, and arsenic. The contaminated groundwater could be
hazardous to the health of individuals if it is accidentally touched or
swallowed. Haw Creek and the White River, which are located nearby,
have a potential of being contaminated by the hazardous materials
present at the site.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
64
continued
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TRI-STATE PLATING
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1987, the EPA constructed a fence around the site and
removed 27 barrels of waste to an off-site treatment facility. The EPA also
took steps to decontaminate the electroplating process building and
storage shed. In addition, a trench at the main electroplating process building and
contaminated surface soil were excavated and disposed afan off-site landfill. After the
soil was removed, the EPA covered excavated areas with clean soil. These actions
have eliminated the sources of soil contamination. In 1989, the EPA took the following
actions to remove the contaminants from the site: (1) decontaminated the walls and
ceilings of the main process building and demolished the building; (2) transported the
building debris to an off-site landfill; (3) excavated contaminated soil and the
contaminated building foundation and disposed of excavated material at an off-site
waste landfill; and (4) filled the excavated areas with clean soil, graded the surface of
the ground, and reseeded the graded area.
Entire Site: The EPA completed an investigation in 1990 that determined
the nature and extent of the site contamination. During the course of the
investigation and while demolishing the main building, the EPA found
asbestos-bearing materials. These materials were transferred to a
licensed facility. The cleanup remedy chosen is to pump the contaminated
groundwater, treat it, and discharge it to the publicly owned treatment works. The
design of the system is scheduled to be completed in 1990.
Environmental Progress
Excavating contaminated soils and debris and demolishing the contaminated building
have greatly reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Tri-
State Plating site while final cleanup activities are being planned.
65
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WASTE INC.
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980504005
REGIONS
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
Laporte County
Michigan City
Site Description
The Waste Inc. Landfill in Michigan City is composed of 32 acres situated on a former
wetland area. From 1966 to 1982, the landfill accepted approximately 128,000 tons of
industrial wastes. The landfill was unlined, and there were no dikes to control runoff.
Originally the site sloped down to a creek, but now the landfill rises 50 feet above the
surrounding terrain. In 1983, the site was sampled by the EPA, and heavy metals,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other
organic compounds were found in the sediment of Trail Creek, which borders the
landfill. Approximately 11,300 people live within a mile of the site, and about 2,100
people depend on private wells within 3 miles of the site for their drinking water. The
site drains into Trail Creek, which is used for recreational purposes and discharges to
Lake Michigan. The Michigan City Water Works, serving approximately 32,000 people,
draws water from intakes in Lake Michigan less than 3 miles downstream from the
site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/10/85
Final Date: 07/21/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils may be contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), PCBs, PAHs, various phthalates, and heavy metals.
Sediments in Trail Creek contain heavy metals including arsenic, lead, and
manganese, PAHs, PCBs, and other organic compounds. People may be
exposed to contaminants by accidentally ingesting or coming in direct
contact with contaminated soil, groundwater, surface water, or sediment.
If fish, waterfowl, or vegetables contain accumulated contaminants,
eating them may pose a hazard.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
66'
continued
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WASTE INC. LANDFILL
Cleanup Approach
The site is .being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of
the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for the contamination at
the site are conducting an investigation under EPA supervision to
determine the type and extent of contamination. At the conclusion of the
investigation, scheduled for 1992, they will recommend the alternatives for cleaning up
the site.
Site Facts: Under a Consent Order with the EPA, signed on March 31, 1987, nine
potentially responsible parties agreed to undertake the investigation of the site
contamination.
Environmental Progress
After listing the Waste Inc. Landfill on the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary
evaluations and determined that the site does not pose an immediate threat to the
surrounding communities or the environment while the investigations leading to the
selection of a final cleanup remedy are taking place.
67
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WAYNE WAS'
INDIANA
EPAID# IND048989479
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 04
Whittey County
Columbia City
Alias:
Wayne Reclamation and Recycling (WRR)
Site Description
The Wayne Waste Oil site is located on 35 acres in Columbia City. Wayne Waste Oil, a
division of Wayne Reclamation and Recycling, Inc., deposited about a million gallons of
oil waste on this site from 1975 to 1980. During its period of operation, oil wastes
were disposed of on site by dumping them on surface soils, into unlined pits, and into a
trench. The Indiana State Board of Health investigated the facility in 1980 and found
hazardous wastes that were illegally deposited. As a result, the owner was ordered by
the State of Indiana to clean up the site. The site contains opened, leaking drums,
waste areas covered with sands, and disposal ponds. The area surrounding the site is
used for residential, commercial, and agricultural purposes. The population of Columbia
City was estimated to be 5,100 in 1988. All residents are connected to the municipal
water supply.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
II
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
benzene, trichloroethylene (TCE), and toluene and heavy metals including
arsenic, barium, lead, and cyanide. Soil contains polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), VOCs, heavy metals, phenols, and phthalates. On-
site ponds and the adjacent Blue River contain cyanide, copper, and TCE.
Currently, the city wells, which are located at the northern boundary of
the site, are not contaminated. If migration of site-related contaminants
through groundwater occurs, area residents could be exposed to these
pollutants when consuming or using drinking water. On-site trespassers
and workers could be exposed to site-related contaminants when coming
into direct contact with the contaminated soils. The Blue River borders
the site on two sides, and since no significant barrier between the site
and the river exists, site-related contaminants in groundwater, surface
water, and soils could migrate into the river.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WAST ESI
68
ES
continued
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WAYNE WASTE OIL
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
«x° Immediate Actions: In 1986, the potentially responsible parties, under
EPA monitoring, excavated 7,500 tons of contaminated soil in the oil
decanting pit, the tar pit, and the sludge ravine and disposed of it in a
federally approved facility. Over 200 drums and soil from the buried barrel area were
removed and disposed of off site. This area was then backfilled. In 1988, the parties
excavated approximately 5,400 tons of contaminated soil from the discolored area, the
acid pit, the ink sludge area, and the sludge ravine and disposed of the soil in a federally
approved facility. An additional 125 drums were removed, as well as the contents of
23 horizontal tanks. A fence was constructed around the oil decanting pit, the sludge
ravine, and the discolored area. The acid pit and the ink sludge areas were backfilled
with off-site fill material. Four drums were left on site after these operations ceased in
1988 because of the difficulties involved with moving them. The remaining drums
were removed from the site in 1989.
Entire Site: The EPA began an investigation into the nature and extent of
site contamination in 1985 and completed it in 1989. The parties
potentially responsible for site contamination have completed this
investigation under EPA supervision. The remedy selected by the EPA in
March 1990 involves cleaning up the site by: (1) constructing, operating, and
maintaining a soil vapor extraction system in the VOC-contaminated soil areas; (2)
delineating and cleaning the lead-contaminated soils by soil washing or immobilization/
stabilization technologies; (3) constructing, operating, and maintaining a groundwater
extraction and treatment/discharge system; (4) delineating the extent of the municipal
landfill; (5) constructing and maintaining a cap over the municipal landfill; (6) covering
PAH-contaminated soil or consolidating the soil under the municipal landfill cap; (7)
removing and treating the contents of all above- and underground tanks, and
delineating the extent of contamination due to spills or leaks associated with the tanks;
(8) removing and disposing of site debris; (9) installing an upgraded security fence
around the site; (10) monitoring the groundwater and the air; and (11) implementing
deed restrictions to ensure protection of the municipal landfill cap. The potentially
responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, will begin designing the technical
specifications in late 1990. Once the design phase is completed, the cleanup activities
will begin.
Site Facts: In 1986, the EPA and the potentially responsible parties entered into an
Administrative Order by Consent, under which the parties removed contaminated soil,
drums, and tanks from the site. The EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order to
five parties potentially responsible for the site contamination in 1988. The purpose of
the Unilateral Order was to force these parties to remove drums, soils, debris, and tank
contents.
continued
69
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WAYNE WASTE OIL
Environmental Progress
The removal of the contaminated soils and drums from the site and the construction of
security fences around the areas of greatest contamination have reduced the potential
for direct exposure to hazardous materials at the Wayne Waste Oil site while the
specifications for the selected cleanup remedy are completed and the actual cleanup
activities are started.
70
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ENTERPRISES
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980794374
Site Description
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 06
Boone County
Lebanon
The Wedzeb Enterprises site is situated on 3/4 acre and is located in Lebanon, about 30
miles northwest of Indianapolis. The site was owned by a succession of businesses
prior to the late 1970s, when Wedzeb purchased it. Operating practices at Wedzeb
consisted of buying used electrical equipment for resale and storing it on site in two
warehouses. Various types of electrical equipment including electrical capacitors and
transformers containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were stored on site. A fire
that completely destroyed one of the warehouses on the east side of the site occurred
at the Wedzeb site in 1981. According to Wedzeb's inventory records, this warehouse
had contained 77 tons of electrical capacitors, some of which exploded during the fire.
The water used to put out the fire mixed with contaminants from the capacitors and
subsequently dripped onto the ground and flowed into a sanitary sewer line. PCBs may
have been released into the environment as a result of the fire, and contaminants may
have been washed to nearby ground surfaces as the fire was extinguished. Because of
the potential health threat to nearby residents caused by harmful chemicals, the Indiana
State Board of Health and the EPA collected samples in 1981 of on-site soil and debris,
as well as soot, wastewater, and sanitary sewer sediment from areas located near the
site. The results of these sampling activities showed concentrations of PCBs in
sediment from the sanitary sewage treatment plant, as well as traces of dioxins and
furans in the sediment and other soil samples from locations on and near the site. The
EPA and the Indiana Environmental Management Board requested a cleanup plan from
Wedzeb in 1982, but the company failed to submit one. Approximately 11,455 people
live within a 3-mile radius of the site, and about 300 homes are located within 500 feet
of the site. There are approximately 300 private wells and 2 municipal wells within the
vicinity of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains low levels of dioxins and f urans. On-site
sediments and sediments located in the sanitary sewer pipeline system
near the site are contaminated with PCBs, dioxins, and furans. Soils
contain low levels of PCBs, dioxins, furans, and other organic compounds.
Low levels of PCBs were found in the interior warehouse surface
samples. Because contamination is at such a low level, there is little
threat to human health or the environment.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
71
continued
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WEDZEB ENTERPRISES, INC.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term
remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Wedzeb installed a fence and a windbreak around
the site in 1985 to minimize migration of dust off site. The EPA removed
50 boxes containing contaminated on-site surface soils and debris from the
area surrounding the warehouse on the eastern part of the site in 1987. The
contaminated soils and debris were shipped to an EPA-approved disposal facility. The
contaminated soil was subsequently replaced with clean fill. More than 250 drums of
3-pound capacitors were shipped off site for incineration.
Entire Site: The work plan for long-term cleanup of the sewers and soils
was completed and approved by the EPA, and cleanup work began on the
site in 1990. The EPA selected the following methods to address site
contamination: (1) cleaning the sewer lines with hydraulic jets and vacuum
pumping to remove contaminants; (2) inspection of the sewer pipe; (3) disposal or
incineration of contaminated sediments; (4) filtering sewer sediments and discharging
clean water to the publicly owned treatment works; and (5) removal and disposal of the
wastes generated by the investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at
the site.
Site Facts: The EPA and the State of Indiana made repeated attempts to compel
Wedzeb, the party potentially responsible for site contamination, to clean up the site
between 1981 and 1985. Further enforcement efforts resulted in Wedzeb submitting
a cleanup plan for the site in 1985; however, Wedzeb never initiated cleanup activities
due to financial difficulties.
Environmental Progress
The installation of a fence and the removal of contaminated soils and debris from the
Wedzeb Enterprises site significantly reduced the threat of direct contact with
hazardous materials on the site while cleanup activities are being completed.
A
72
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WHITEFORD
AND SERVIC
NATIONALS
INDIANA
EPA ID# IND980999791
REGION 5
CONGRESSIONAL DIST. 03
St. Joseph County
South Bend
Alias:
National Lease
Site Description
The Whiteford Sales and Service site covers approximately 8 acres on Sample Street in
South Bend. The site operated as Whiteford Sales and Services from 1960 to 1980 and
as National Lease from 1980 to 1983. Both companies leased trucks and semitrailers.
In 1980, St. Joseph County purchased the property from Whiteford Trucking; Whiteford
then leased the property and structures from the County until 1983. Upon acquiring
the property, the County began the demolition of all structures and construction of an
overpass. During the excavation process, three dry wells were uncovered. It was later
learned that unknown quantities of degreasing solvents and sludges resulting from the
cleaning of trucks and trailers had been deposited into these three unlined dry wells,
each approximately 6 feet in diameter and 6 feet deep. Tests conducted by the St.
Joseph County Health Department found on-site soils to be contaminated with organic
and inorganic compounds. The Whiteford site lies in an industrial area; however,
residences are located approximately 1,000 feet due north of the site. There are
approximately 10,000 people living within a 1-mile radius of the site. Approximately
237,000 people draw drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of the site. In
1980, the Olive Street Well Field, part of the municipal water system located west of
the Whiteford Site, was shut down due to the presence of organic chemicals in the
well water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater off site was found to contain carbon tetrachloride, a
substance used in dry cleaning operations, other volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethylene (TCE) and vinyl chloride.
Soils and sludges on site were found to be contaminated with heavy
metals including arsenic, barium, cadmium, and chromium, and with
VOCs. There is a potential for the migration of contaminated groundwater
to the nearby municipal well field. If people should touch or accidentally
ingest the contaminated groundwater, they may be at risk. In addition,
people who come into direct contact with or accidentally ingest
contaminated soil may suffer adverse health effects.
March 1990
NPL HAZARDOUS WAS
73
'E SITES
continued
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WHITEPORD SALES AND SERVICE NATIONALEASE
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: an initial action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: An initial cleanup of the Whiteford property was
implemented, and the three dry wells, in addition to a limited amount of
contaminated soils, were removed and taken to a State-permitted sanitary
landfill.
Entire Site: Under the direction of the EPA, an investigation into the type
and extent of contamination is currently under way. At the conclusion of
the investigation, scheduled for 1991, recommendations will be made for
the most appropriate cleanup remedies for the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the contaminated dry wells and some of the contaminated soils from
the Whiteford Sales and Service Nationalease site has greatly reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials at the site while the investigations leading to the
selection of the final cleanup remedies are taking place.
74
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T~ his glossary defines the italicized terms used in the
site fact sheets for the State of Indiana. The terms
,%% ' and abbreviations contained in this glossary are often
defined in the context ofhazardous waste management as
described in the site fact sheets, and apply specifically to work
performed under the Superfund program. Thus, these terms
may have other meanings when used in a different context.
Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH (less than
7.0) that are used in chemical manufacturing. Acids in
high concentration can be very corrosive and react with
many inorganic and organic substances. These reactions
may possibly create toxic compounds or release heavy
metal contaminants that remain in the environment long
after the acid is neutralized.
Administrative Order On Consent: A legal and enforceable agreement between EPA
and the parties potentially responsible for site contamination. Under the terms of the
Order, the potentially responsible parties agree to perform or pay for site studies or
cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules, responsibilities and enforcement options
that the government may exercise in the event of non-compliance by potentially respon-
sible parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the government; it does not require
approval by a judge.
Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) are removed from
contaminated material by forcing a stream of air through it in a pressurized vessel. The
contaminants are evaporated into the air stream. The air may be further treated before
it is released into the atmosphere.
Aquifer: An underground layer of rock, sand, or gravel capable of storing water within
cracks and pore spaces, or between grains. When water contained within an aquifer is
of sufficient quantity and quality, it can be tapped and used for drinking or other pur-
poses. The water contained in the aquifer is called groundwater.
Backfill: To refill an excavated area with removed earth; or the material itself that is
used to refill an excavated area.
Bases: Substances characterized by high pH (greater than 7.0), which tend to be corro-
sive in chemical reactions. When bases are mixed with acids, they neutralize each other,
forming salts.
G-l
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GLOSSARY
Berm: A ledge, wall, or a mound of earth used to prevent the migration of contami-
nants.
Bioaccumtdate: The process by which some contaminants or toxic chemicals gradually
collect and increase in concentration in living tissue, such as in plants, fish, or people as
they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food.
Bioremediation: A cleanup process using naturally occurring or specially cultivated
microorganisms to digest contaminants naturally and break them down into nonhaz-
ardous components.
Borrow Pit: An excavated area where soil, sand, or gravel has been dug up for use
elsewhere.
Cap: A layer of material, such as clay or a synthetic material, used to prevent rainwater
from penetrating and spreading contaminated materials. The surface of the cap is
generally mounded or sloped so water will drain off.
Carbon Adsorption: A treatment system in which contaminants are removed from
gro undwater and surface water by forcing water through tanks containing activated
carbon, a specially treated material that attracts and holds or retains contaminants.
Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorption].
Closure: The process by which a landfill stops accepting wastes and is shut down
under Federal guidelines that ensure the public and the environment is protected.
Consent Decree: A legal document, approved and issued by a judge, formalizing an
agreement between EPA and the parties potentially responsible for site contamination.
The decree describes cleanup actions that the potentially responsible parties are re-
quired to perform and/or the costs incurred by the government that the parties will
reimburse, as well as the roles, responsibilities, and enforcement options that the gov-
ernment may exercise in the event of non-compliance by potentially responsible parties.
If a settlement between EPA and a potentially responsible party includes cleanup ac-
tions, it must be in the form of a consent decree. A consent decree is subject to a public
comment period.
Consent Order: [see Administrative Order on Consent].
Containment: The process of enclosing or containing hazardous substances in a struc-
ture, typically in ponds and lagoons, to prevent the migration of contaminants into the
environment.
G-2
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Creosotes: Chemicals used in wood preserving operations and produced by distillation
of tar, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bons [see PAHs and PNAs]. Contaminating sediments, soils, and surface water, creo-
sotes may cause skin ulcerations and cancer with prolonged exposure.
Degrease: To remove grease from wastes, soils, or chemicals, usually using solvents.
De-water: To remove water from wastes, soils, or chemicals.
Downgradient: A downward hydrologic slope that causes groundwater to move
toward lower elevations. Therefore, wells downgradient of a contaminated groundwater
source are prone to receiving pollutants.
Fly ash: Non-combustible residue that results from the combustion of flue gases. It can
include nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides, as well as many
other chemical pollutants.
Hydrogeology: The geology of groundwater, with particular emphasis on the chemis-
try and movement of water.
Impoundment: A body of water or sludge confined by a dam, dike, floodgate, or other
barrier.
Intake: The source where a water supply is drawn from, such as from a river or water-
bed.
Lagoon: A shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify
wastewater. Lagoons are typically used for the storage of wastewaters, sludges, liquid
wastes, or spent nuclear fuel.
Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is placed in or on land.
Leachate [n]: The liquid that trickles through or drains from waste, carrying soluble
components from the waste. Leach, Leaching [v.t.]: The process by which soluble
chemical components are dissolved and carried through soil by water or some other
percolating liquid.
Long-term Remedial Phase: Distinct, often incremental, steps that are taken to solve
site pollution problems. Depending on the complexity, site cleanup activities can be
separated into a number of these phases.
G-3
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GLOSSARY
Migration: The movement of oil, gas, contaminants, water, or other liquids through
porous and permeable rock.
Overpacking: Process used for isolating large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap-
sulating waste to prevent further spread or leakage of contaminating materials. Leak-
ing drums may be contained within oversized barrels as an interim measure prior to
removal and final disposal.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP): A synthetic, modified petrochemical that is used as a wood
preservative because of its toxicity to termites and fungi. It is a common component of
creosotes and can cause cancer.
Percolation: The downward flow or filtering of water or other liquids through subsur-
face rock or soil layers, usually continuing downward to groundwater.
Phenols: Organic compounds that are used in plastics manufacturing and are by-
products of petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye, and resin manufacturing. Phenols
are highly poisonous and can make water taste and smell bad.
Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater flowing from a specific source. The
movement of the groundwater is influenced by such factors as local groundwater flow
patterns, the character of the aquifer in which groundwater is contained, and the den-
sity of contaminants.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons or Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): PAHs,
such as pyrene, are a group of highly reactive organic compounds found in motor oil.
They are a common component of creosotes and can cause cancer.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): A group of toxic chemicals used for a variety of
purposes including electrical applications, carbonless copy paper, adhesives, hydraulic
fluids, microscope emersion oils, and caulking compounds. PCBs are also produced in
certain combustion processes. PCBs are extremely persistent in the environment be-
cause they are very stable, non-reactive, and highly heat resistant. Burning them pro-
duces even more toxins. Chronic exposure to PCBs is believed to cause liver damage. It
is also known to bioaccumulate in fatty tissues. PCB use and sale was banned in 1979
with the passage of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
Polynudear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PNAs): PNAs, such as naphthalene, and biphen-
yls, are a group of highly reactive organic compounds that are a common component of
creosotes, which can be carcinogenic.
Gr4
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Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs): Parties, including owners, who may have
contributed to the contamination at a Superfund site and may be liable for costs of
response actions. Parties are considered PRPs until they admit liability or a court makes
a determination of liability. This means that PRPs may sign a consent decree or admin-
istrative order on consent [see Administrative Order on Consent] to participate in site
cleanup activity without admitting liability.
Runoff: The discharge of water over land into surface water. It can carry pollutants
from the air and land into receiving waters.
Sediment: The layer of soil, sand and minerals at the bottom of surface waters, such as
streams, lakes, and rivers that absorb contaminants.
Seeps: Specific points where releases of liquid (usually leachate) form from waste
disposal areas, particularly along the lower edges of landfills.
Sludge: Semi-solid residues from industrial or water treatment processes that may be
contaminated with hazardous materials.
Slurry Wall: Barriers used to contain the flow of contaminated groundwater or subsur-
face liquids. Slurry walls are constructed by digging a trench around a contaminated
area and filling the trench with an impermeable material that prevents water from
passing through it. The groundwater or contaminated liquids trapped within the area
surrounded by the slurry wall can be extracted and treated.
Stabilization: The process of changing an active substance into inert, harmless mate-
rial, or physical activities at a site that act to limit the further spread of contamination
without actual reduction of toxicity.
Stillbottom: Residues left over from the process of recovering spent solvents,
Stripping: A process used to remove volatile contaminants from a substance [see Air
Stripping].
Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid runoff for drainage or disposal.
Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, colorless liquid with a low boiling point. TCE has
many industrial applications, including use as a solvent and as a metal degreasing
agent. TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled, ingested, or through skin contact and
can damage vital organs, especially the liver [see also Volatile Organic Compounds].
G-5
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GLOSSARY
Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see Administrative Order on Consent].
Upgradient: An upward slope; demarks areas that are higher than contaminated areas
and, therefore, are not prone to contamination by the movement of polluted groundwa-
ter.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): VOCs are made as secondary petrochemicals.
They include light alcohols, acetone, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, dichloroeth-
ylene, benzene, vinyl chloride, toluene, and methylene chloride. These potentially toxic
chemicals are used as solvents, degreasers, paints, thinners, and fuels. Because of their
volatile nature, they readily evaporate into the air, increasing the potential exposure to
humans. Due to their low water solubility, environmental persistence, and widespread
industrial use, they are commonly found in soil and groundwater.
Wefland: An area that is regularly saturated by surface or groundwater and, under
normal circumstances, capable of supporting vegetation typically adapted for life in
saturated soil conditions. Wetlands are critical to sustaining many species of fish and
wildlife. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, and bogs. Wetlands may be
either coastal or inland. Coastal wetlands have salt or brackish (a mixture of salt and
fresh) water, and most have tides, while inland wetlands are non-tidal and freshwater.
Coastal wetlands are an integral component of estuaries.
G-6
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