vvEPA
                            United States
                            Environmental Protection
                            Agency
              EPA/540/M5-89/004
              April 1989
                             SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE
                             TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
                          Demonstration  Bulletin
                                 In-Situ Soil Stabilization
                                   International Waste Technologies
 TECHNOLOGY  DESCRIPTION:  In  in-situ
 stabilization technology  immobilizes organics  and
 inorganic compounds in  wet or  dry soils by using
 reagents (additives) to polymerize with  the soils  and
 sludges  producing  a cement-like mass.  Two basic
 components  of this technology  are  the Geo-
 Con/DSM  Deep Soil Mixing System,  a  system
 capable  of delivering  and mixing  chemicals with the
 soil in-situ, and the batch mixing plant that supplies
 the proprietary treatment chemicals (Figure 1).

 The  Geo-Con/DSM  Deep  Soil Mixing System,
 incorporating mechanical  mixing  and  injection,
 consists  of one set of cutting blades  and two sets of
 mixing blades attached  to  a vertical  drive auger,
 which rotate at approximately 15  rpm. Two conduits
 in  the auger allow for the injection  of the  additive
 slurry and supplemental water. Additive injection is on
 the downstroke,  with further mixing  occurring upon
 auger withdrawal. The treated soil columns, whose
 diameter is 36 inches, are positioned to provide an
 overlapping pattern.  In  each sector,  alternating
 primary and secondary  soil columns exist,  with all
primary  columns  prepared  before  the  secondary
columns are augered.

The  developer states that their proprietary additive
generates a complex  crystalline connective network
of inorganic polymers and that the structural bonding
in the polymer is mainly covalent. Furthermore, in the
process, there is a two-phased  reaction in which the
contaminants  are  complexed first in a fast-acting
reaction  and then  in  a  slow-acting  reaction  where
the building of macromolecules continues over a long
period of time. For each type of  waste, the quantity of
additives used varies and must be optimized.

WASTE  APPLICABILITY:  This technology  can be
applied  to  soils,  sediments,  and  sludge-pond
bottoms  contaminated with organic compounds and
metals.

DEMONSTRATION RESULTS:  The IWT stabilization
demonstration  took place  at a PCB-contaminated
site in Hialeah, Florida. The preliminary results of the
SITE  demonstration  showed that the  processes
produced a  solidified  mass  with  good  physical
Air
( ontrolled
V.-.lves
Meter
on LU
i


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v — i
i 	
                                             Sodium
                                             Silicate
                                             Bin
                                     (Pump
                           Magnetic   |
                           Flow     i
                           Meter    |
                          	SEj^
                          Flow   I
                          Control j
                          Box    !
                          Flow Line

                    	Control Line

                    	   Communication Line
      Figure 1.   In-situ stabilization batch mixing plant process diagram.

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vvEPA
                            United States
                            Environmental Protection
                            Agency
                                                              EPA/540/M5-89/004
                                                              April 1989
                             SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE
                             TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
                          Demonstration  Bulletin
                                 In-Situ Soil Stabilization
                                   International Waste Technologies
TECHNOLOGY  DESCRIPTION:  In  in-situ
stabilization technology  immobilizes  organics  and
inorganic  compounds in  wet  or  dry soils by using
reagents (additives) to polymerize with the soils  and
sludges producing  a cement-like mass.  Two basic
components of this technology  are  the  Geo-
Con/DSM  Deep Soil Mixing System,  a  system
capable of delivering  and mixing  chemicals  with the
soil in-situ, and the batch mixing plant that  supplies
the proprietary treatment chemicals (Figure 1).

The  Geo-Con/DSM  Deep  Soil Mixing System,
incorporating  mechanical mixing and injection,
consists of one set of cutting  blades and two sets of
mixing blades attached to  a vertical drive auger,
which rotate at approximately  15  rpm. Two  conduits
in  the auger allow for the  injection of the  additive
slurry and supplemental water. Additive injection is on
the downstroke, with  further  mixing occurring upon
auger withdrawal.  The treated soil columns, whose
diameter is 36 inches, are  positioned  to provide an
overlapping pattern.  In  each sector,  alternating
primary and secondary  soil columns exist,  with all
                                                 primary columns  prepared  before  the  secondary
                                                 columns are augered.

                                                 The developer states that their proprietary additive
                                                 generates  a  complex  crystalline connective network
                                                 of inorganic polymers and that the structural bonding
                                                 in the polymer is mainly covalent. Furthermore, in the
                                                 process, there is a two-phased  reaction in which the
                                                 contaminants  are  complexed first in a fast-acting
                                                 reaction and then in  a  slow-acting  reaction  where
                                                 the building of macromolecules continues over a long
                                                 period of time. For each type of  waste, the quantity of
                                                 additives used varies and must be optimized.

                                                 WASTE APPLICABILITY:  This technology  can be
                                                 applied to soils, sediments,  and  sludge-pond
                                                 bottoms contaminated with organic compounds and
                                                 metals.

                                                 DEMONSTRATION RESULTS:  The IWT stabilization
                                                 demonstration took place  at a PCB-contaminated
                                                 site in Hialeah, Florida. The preliminary results of the
                                                 SITE  demonstration  showed that the  processes
                                                 produced  a  solidified  mass  with  good  physical
A
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ontrolled

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