United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation
Program
Technology Profiles
Eleventh Edition
Volume 2
Emerging Technology
Program
SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
y/xx
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EPA/540/R-03/501A
September 2003
Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation
Program
Technology Profiles
Eleventh Edition
Volume 2
Emerging Technology Program
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed with vegetable-based ink on
paper that contains a minimum o(
50% post-consumer fiber content
processed chlorine free.
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NOTICE
The development of this document was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
underContractNo. 68-W-01-032, Task Order 14, toComputerSciencesCorporation. The document
was subjected to the Agency * s administrative and peer review and was approved for publication as an
EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use at any particular hazardous waste site.
n
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FOREWORD
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress with protecting the Nation's
land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency strives
to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities and
the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life. To meet this mandate, EPA's research
program is providing data and technical support for solving environmental problems today and
building a science knowledge base necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely, understand
how pollutants affect our health, and prevent or reduce environmental risks in the future.
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory is the Agency's center for investigation of
technological and management approaches for preventing and reducing risks from pollution that
threatens human health and the environment. The focus of the Laboratory's research program is on
methods and their cost-effectiveness for prevention and control of pollution to air, land, water, and
subsurface resources; protection of water quality in public water systems; remediation of
contaminated sites, sediments and ground water; prevention and control of indoor air pollution; and
restoration of ecosystems, NRMRL, collaborates with both public and private sector partners to
foster technologies that reduce the cost of compliance and to anticipate emerging problems.
NRMRL's research provides solutions to environmental problems by developing and promoting
technologies that protect and improve the environment; advancing scientific and engineering
information to support regulatory and policy decisions, and providing the technical support and
information transfer to ensure implementation of environmental regulations and strategies at the
national, state, and community levels.
This publication has been produced as part of the Laboratory's strategic long-term research plan.
It is published and made available by the EPA's Office of Research and Development to assist the
user community and to link researchers with their clients.
Hugh W. McKinnon, Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
in
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ABSTRACT
The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program, now in its sixteenth year is an
integral part of EPA's research into alternative cleanup methods for hazardous waste sites around
the nation. The SITE Program was created to encourage the development and routine use of
innovative treatment and monitoring and measurement technologies. Under the program, EPA
enters into cooperative agreements with technology developers. These developers research and
refine their innovative technologies at bench- or pilot-scale and then, with EPA's support,
demonstrate them at hazardous waste sites. As a result, the SITE Program provides environmental
decision-makers with data on new, viable treatment technologies that may have performance or cost
advantages compared to traditional treatment technologies.
This document is intended as a reference guide for those interested hi technologies participating in
the SITE Demonstration, Emerging Technology, and Measurement and Monitoring Programs. The
two-page profiles are organized into two sections for each program, completed and ongoing projects,
and are presented in alphabetical order by developer name. Reference tables for SITE Program
participants precede the sections and contain EPA and developer contacts. Inquiries about a SITE
technology evaluation or the SITE Program should be directed to the specific EPA project manager;
inquiries on the technology process should be directed to the specific technology developer.
Each technology profile contains (1) a technology developer and process name, (2) a technology
description, including a schematic diagram or photograph of the process, (3) a discussion of waste
applicability, (4) a project status report, and (5) EPA project manager and technology developer
contacts. The profiles also include summaries of demonstration results, if available. The technology
description and waste applicability sections are written by the developer. EPA prepares the status
and demonstration results sections.
A Trade Name Index and Applicability Index are also included in the back of this document. The
Applicability Index is organized by 11 media categories, 19 waste-categories, and 14 technology
categories.
IV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
NOTICE ii
FOREWORD iii
ABSTRACT iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS x
SITE PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 1
SITE PROGRAM CONTACTS 6
Completed Emerging Technology Program Projects
ACTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC 8
(formerly EET, Inc.)
(TechXtract® Decontamination Process) 8
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY/ZENTOX CORPORATION 10
(Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air Stripping) 10
ART INTERNATIONAL, INC 12
(formerly ENVIRO-SCIENCES, INC.)
(Low-Energy Extraction Process) 12
ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA, LIMITED 14
(Chemical Treatment and Ultrafiltration) 14
ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED 16
(Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate Treatment) 16
BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE 18
(In Situ Electroacoustic Soil Decontamination) 18
BIOTROL® 20
(Methanotrophic Bioreactor System) 20
BWX TECHNOLOGIES, INC 22
(an affiliate of BABCOCK & WILCOX CO.)
(Cyclone Furnace) 22
COGNIS, INC ; 24
(Biological/Chemical Treatment) 24
COGNIS, INC 26
(TERRAMET® Soil Remediation System) 26
COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 28
(Constructed Wetlands-Based Treatment) 28
(formerly Center for Hazardous Materials Research)
(Acid Extraction Treatment System) 30
CONCURRENT TECHNOLOGIES 32
(formerly Center for Hazardous Materials Research)
(Organics Destruction and Metals Stabilization) 32
CONCURRENT TECHNOLOGIES 34
(formerly Center for Hazardous Materials Research)
(Smelting Lead-Containing Waste) 34
EBERLINE SERVICES, INC 36
(formerly Thermo Nutech, Inc./TMA Thermo Analytical, Inc.)
(Segmented Gate System) 36
ELECTR9KINETICS, INC 38
(In Situ Bioremediation by Electrokinetic Injection) 38
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
Completed Emerging Technology Program Projects (Continued)
ELECTROKINETICS, INC 40
(Electrokinetic Soil Processing) 40
ENERGIA, INC 42
(Reductive Photo-Dechlorination Treatment) 42
ENERGIA, INC 44
(Reductive Thermal and Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes
for Enhanced Conversion of Chlorocarbons) 44
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH CORPORATION 46
(Reactor Filter System) 46
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH CORPORATION 48
(Hybrid Fluidized Bed System) 48
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC 50
(Microbial Composting Process) 50
FERRO CORPORATION 52
(Waste Vitrification Through Electric Melting) 52
GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE 54
(Chemical and Biological Treatment) 54
GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE 56
(Fluid Extraction-Biological Degradation Process) 56
GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE 58
(Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic Agglomerating Combustor) 58
GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE 60
(Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation) 60
GENERAL ATOMICS,
NUCLEAR REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES DIVISION 62
(Acoustic Barrier Particulate Separator) 62
GEO-MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC 64
(Metals Release and Removal from Wastes) 64
HARDING ESE, A MACTEC COMPANY 66
(formerly ABB Environmental Services, Inc.)
(Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In Situ Treatment Strategy) 66
HIGH VOLTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL
APPLICATIONS, INC 68
(High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation) 68
IT CORPORATION 70
(Batch Steam Distillation and Metal Extraction) 70
IT CORPORATION 72
(Chelation/Electrodeposition of Toxic Metals from Soils) 72
IT CORPORATION 74
(Mixed Waste Treatment Process) 74
IT CORPORATION 76
(formerly OHM Remediation Services Corporation)
(Oxygen Microbubble In Situ Bioremediation) 76
IT CORPORATION 78
(Photolytic and Biological Soil Detoxification) 78
VI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
Completed Emerging Technology Program Projects (Continued)
IT CORPORATION 80
(Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor) 80
KSE, INC _ 82
(Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction Process) 82
KVAERNER ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT 84
(formerly Davy International Environmental Division)
(Chemical Treatment) 84
MATRIX PHOTpCATALYTIC INC 86
(Photocatalytic Air Treatment) 86
MATRIX PHOTOCATALYTIC INC 88
(Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase Organic Destruction) 88
MEDIA & PROCESS TECHNOLOGY .. 90
(formerly Aluminum Company of America and
Alcoa Separation Technology, Inc.)
(Bioscrubber) 90
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, INC 92
(VaporSep® Membrane Process) 92
METSO MINERALS INDUSTRIES, INC.
(formerly Svedala Industries, Inc.)
94
(PYROKILN THERMAL ENCAPSULATION Process^ 94
MONTANA COLLEGE OF MINERAL
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 96
(Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone) 96
MONTANA COLLEGE OF MINERAL
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 98
(Campbell Centrifugal Jig) 98
NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
MANAGEMENT RESEARCH CENTER 100
(formerly Hazardous Substance Management Research Center at New Jersey
Institute of Technology and Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey)
(Pneumatic Fracturing and Bioremediation Process) 100
NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 102
(GHEA Associates Process) 102
PHYTOKINETTCS, INC 106
(Phytoremediation Process) 106
PINTAIL SYSTEMS, INC 108
(Spent Ore Bioremediation Process) 108
PSI TECHNOLOGIES,
A DIVISION OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC 110
(Metals Immobilization and Decontamination of Aggregate Solids) 110
PULSE SCIENCES, INC 112
(X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous Solutions) 112
PULSE SCIENCES, INC 114
(X-Ray Treatment of Organically Contaminated Soils) 114
RECRA ENVIRONMENTAL, INC 116
(formerly Electro-Pure Systems, Inc.)
(Alternating Current Electrocoagulation Technology) 116
vn
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
Completed Emerging Technology Program Projects (Continued^
REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC 118
(Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas Treatment) 118
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & RECOVERY 120
(formerly Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc.)
(AlgaSORB® Biological Sorption) 120
ROY F. WESTON, INC 122
(Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent) 122
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT OSWEGO,
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER 124
(Electrochemical Peroxidation of PCB-Contaminated
Sediments and Waters) 124
THERMATRIX, INC 126
(formerly PURUS, INC.)
(Photolytic Oxidation Process) 126
TRINITY ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC 128
(PCB- and Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil Detoxification) 128
UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY 130
(formerly AEA Technology Environment)
(Soil Separation and Washing Process) 130
UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON RESEARCH INSTITUTE 132
(Photothermal Detoxification Unit) 132
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON .134
(Concentrated Chloride Extraction and Recovery of Lead) 134
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA 136
(In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water) 136
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON 138
(Adsorptive Filtration) 138
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON 140
(Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and Removal) 140
UV TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 142
(formerly Energy and Environmental Engineering, Inc.)
(UV CATOX™ Process) 142
UV TECHNOLOGIES, INC 144
(formerly Energy and Environmental Engineering, Inc.)
(UV CATOX™ Process) 144
VORTEC CORP9RATION 146
(Oxidation and Vitrification Process) 146
WESTERN PRODUCT RECOVERY GROUP, INC 148
(Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and Adsorption Process) 148
WESTERN RESEARCH INSTITUTE 150
(Contained Recovery of Oily Wastes) 150
ZENON ENVIRONMENTAL INC 152
(Cross-Flow Pervaporation System) 152
vin
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
Ongoing Emerging Technology Program Projects
EARTH TECH, INC 154
(formerly ITT Night Vision
(In Situ Enhanced Bioremediation of Ground water) 154
ELECTRO-PETROLEUM, INC 156
(Electro-Kineticaliy Aided Remediation [EKAR]) 156
HARDING ESE, A MACTEC COMPANY 158
(formerly ABB Environmental Services, Inc.)
(Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In Situ Treatment Strategy) 158
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC./
HICKSON CORPORATION 160
(Chromated Copper Arsenate Soil Leaching Process) 160
MATRIX PHOTOCATALYTIC INC 162
(Photocatalytic Air Treatment) 162
PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED 164
(Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-Phase Halogens) 164
SELENTEC ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC 166
(Selentec MAG* SEPSM Technology) 166
TRADE NAME INDEX 168
APPLICABILITY INDEX 181
LISTS OF FIGURES
1 Development of Innovative Technologies 2
2 Innovative Technologies in the Demonstration Program 3
3 Innovative Technologies in the Emerging Technology Program 4
LIST OF TABLES
3 Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of September 2002 335
IX
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The project manager responsible for the preparation of this document is Teri Richardson of EPA's
National Risk Management Research Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio. This document was prepared
under the direction of Robert Oiexsey, Director of the Land Remediation and Pollution Control
Division. Key program area contributors for EPA include Annette Gatchett, and Randy Parker.
Special acknowledgment is given to the individual EPA SITE project managers and technology
developers who provided guidance and technical support.
Computer Sciences Corporation prepared this document under the direction and coordination of Teri
Richardson and Annette Gatchett.
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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Superfiind Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program, now in its sixteenth year, encourages the development and implementation of (1)
innovative treatment technologies for hazardous waste site remediation, and (2) characterization and
monitoring technologies for evaluating the nature and extent of hazardous waste site contamination.
The SITE Program was established by EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(OSWER) and the Office of Research and Development (ORD) in response to the 1986 Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), which recognized a need for an "Alternative or
Innovative Treatment Technology Research and Demonstration Program." The SITE Program is
administered by ORD' s National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), headquartered
in Cincinnati, Ohio.
The SITE Program includes the following key elements:
• Demonstration Program - Conducts and evaluates demonstrations of promising innovative
technologies to provide reliable performance, cost, and applicability information for site cleanup
decision-making
• Emerging Technology Program - Support of the Emerging Technology Program ended in 1998
after completion of all committed projects in the Program
• Monitoring and Measurement Technologies - Evaluates technologiesthat detect, monitor, and
measure hazardous and toxic substances to provide better, faster, and more cost-effective
methods for producing real-time data during site characterization and remediation
• Information Transfer Activities - Disseminates technical information, including engineering,
performance, and cost data, on innovative technologies to remove impediments for using
innovative technologies
This Technology Profiles document describes completed and ongoing projects in the Demonstration,
Emerging Technology, and Characterization and Monitoring Programs. Figure 1 shows the
relationship among the programs and depicts the process of technology development from initial
concept to commercial use.
In the Demonstration Program, the technology is field-tested on hazardous waste materials.
Engineering and cost data are gathered on the innovative technology so that potential users can
assess the technology's applicability to a particular site. Data collected during the field
demonstration are used to assess the performance of the technology, the potential need for pre- and
post-processing of the waste, applicable types of wastes and waste matrices, potential operating
problems, and approximate capital and operating costs.
Page 1
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Figure 1 Development of Innovative Technologies
At the conclusion of a SITE demonstration, EPA prepares an Innovative Technology Evaluation
Report (ITER), Technology Capsule, and Demonstration Bulletin. Often, a videotape of the
demonstration is also prepared. These reports evaluate all available information on the technology
and analyze its overall applicability to other site characteristics, waste types, and waste matrices.
Testing procedures, performance and cost data, and quality assurance and quality control standards
are also presented. These demonstration documents are distributed by EPA to provide reliable
technical data for environmental decision-making and to promote the technology's commercial use.
The Demonstration Program currently as 147 program participants conducting 141 demonstrations.
Of these projects 128 demonstrations are complete and 13 are ongoing. The projects are divided
into the following categories: thermal treatment (34), biological degradation (28), physical/chemical
treatment (50), solidification/stabilization (13), phytoremediation (5), soil washing (4), materials
handling (3), and other (4). Several technologies represent more than one treatment category.
Page 2
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Thermal
Treatment
34
Materials
Handling
5
Solidification/
Stabilization
2
Biological
Degradation
19
Physical/
Chemical
38
Figure 2: Innovative Technologies in the Emerging Technology Program
Figure 2 shows the breakdown of technologies in the Demonstration Program. Profiles for
technologies demonstrated under the Demonstration Program are located in Volume I.
EPA has provided technical and financial support to 77 projects in the Emerging Technology
Program. Seventy-three are completed and four have exited the program. Eighteen Emerging
Technology Program proj ects participated in the Demonstration Program. The seventh-three active
technologies are divided into the following categories: thermal destruction (9), physical/chemical
treatment (38), biological degradation (19), solidification/stabilization (2), and materials handling
(5). Figure 3 displays the breakdown of technologies in the Emerging Technology Program.
Profiles for technologies demonstrated under the Emerging Technology Program are located in
Volume II.
Page 3
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Materials
Thermal Handling
Destruction. c
o
Solidification/ 9
Stabilization
2
Degradation
19
Physical/
Figure 3: Innovative Technologies in the Demonstration Program
The Monitoring and Measurement Technologies (MMT) Program's goal is to assess innovative and
alternative monitoring, measurement, and site characterization technologies. To date, 3 8 technology
demonstrations have occurred under the MMT Program. These demonstrations have included four
cone penetrometers, 6 field portable X-ray fluorescence units, 6 portable gas chromatographs, 4
spectrophotometers, 12 field test kits, and 6 soil samplers. Profiles for technologies demonstrated
under the MMT Program are located in Volume III.
In the Technology Transfer Program, technical information on innovative technologies in the
Demonstration Program, Emerging Technology Program, and MMT Program is disseminated to
increase the awareness and promote the use of innovative technologies for assessment and
remediation at Superfund sites. The goal of technology transfer activities is to promote
communication among individuals requiring current technical information for conducting site
investigations and cleanups.
The Technology Transfer Program reaches the environmental community through many media,
including:
• Program-specific regional, state, and industry brochures
On-site Visitors' Days during SITE demonstrations
• Demonstration videotapes
• Project-specific fact sheets to comply with site community relations plans
• ITERs, Demonstration Bulletins, Technology Capsules, and Project Summaries
Page 4
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• The SITE Exhibit, displayed nationwide and internationally at conferences
• Networking through forums, associations, regions, and states
• Technical assistance to regions, states, and remediation cleanup contractors
SITE information including an electronic version of this document, is available through the
following on-line information clearinghouses:
SITE Program Home Page: http:/Avww. epa. gov/ORD/SITE
Cleanup Information Bulletin Board System (CLU-IN)
Help Desk: 301-589-8368; Internet Access: http://www.clu-in. org
Technical reports may be obtained by calling the National Service Center for Environmental
Publications in Cincinnati, Ohio. To find out about newly published documents or to be placed on
the SITE mailing list, call or write to:
USEPA/NSCEP
P.O. Box 42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
1-800-490-9198
Page 5
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The SITE Program is administered by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD),
specifically the National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL). For further
information on the SITE Program or its component programs contact:
Land Remediation and
Pollution Control Division
Robert Olexsey
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513-569-7861
Fax:513-569-7620
SITE Program
Annette Gatchett
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513-569-7697
Fax: 513-569-7620
Monitoring and
Measurement Program
Stephen Billets
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P. O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-3478
702-798-2232
Fax: 702-798-2261
Emerging Technology
Program
Randy Parker
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7620
Remediation and
Control Branch
John Martin
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513-569-7758
Fax:513-569-7620
Treatment and
Destruction Branch
Laurel Staley
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513-569-7863
Fax: 513-569-7620
Page 6
SITE Management
Support Branch
Teri Richardson
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513/569-7949
Fax:513-569-7676
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Technology
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ACTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(formerly EET, Inc.)
(TechXtract® Decontamination Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The TechXtract® process employs proprietary
chemical formulations in successive steps to remove
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), toxic hydrocarbons,
heavy metals, andradionuclidesfrom the subsurfaceof
porous materials such as concrete, brick, steel, and
wood. Each formulation consists of chemicals from
up to 14 separate chemical groups, and formulation
can be specifically tailored to individual site.
The process is performed in multiple cycles. Each
cycle consists of three stages: surface preparation,
extraction, and rinsing. Each stage employs a specific
chemical mix.
The surface preparation step uses a solution mat
contains buffered organic and inorganic acids,
sequestering agents, wetting agents, and special
hydrotrope chemicals. The extraction formula
includes macro- and microemulsifiers in addition to
electrolyte, flotation, wetting, and sequestering agents.
The rinsing formula is pH-balanced and contains
wetting and complexing agents. Emulsifiers in all the
formulations help eliminate fugitive releases of
volatile organic compounds or other vapors.
The chemical formulation in each stage is sprayed on
the contaminated surface as a fine mist and worked
into the surface with a stiff bristle brush or floor
scrubber. The chemicals are allowed to penetrate into
the subsurface and are then rinsed or vacuumed from
the surface with a wet/dry, barrel-vacuum. No major
capital equipment is required.
Contaminant levels can be reduced from 60 to 90
percent per cycle. The total number of cycles is
determined from initial contaminant concentrations
and final remedial action objectives.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The TechXtract® process is designed to treat porous
solid materials contaminated with PCBs; toxic
hydrocarbons; heavy metals, including lead and
arsenic; and radionuclides. Because the
contaminantsare extracted from the surface, the
materials can be left in place, reused, or recycled.
After treatment, the contaminants are concentrated in
a small volume of liquid waste. The liquid can be
disposed as is, incinerated, or solidified for landfill. It
will carry the waste characteristics of the contaminant.
1 . EET's proprietary
Concrete
Metal
Brick
Asphalt
blends are applied
in sequence.
2. Chemicals
penetrate
through pores
and capillaries.
5. Contaminants
entrained in spent
solution are
vacuumed and
drumed for disposal.
3. Electrochemical bonds holding
contaminants to substrate are
attacked and broken.
4. Contaminants
are released
from substrate
and drawn to
surface.
Process Flow Diagram of the TECHXTRACT® Process
PageS
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
In commercial applications, the process has reduced
PCB concentrations from 1,000,000 micrograms per
100 square centimeters (ug/100 cm2) to concentrations
less than 0.2 ug/100 cm2. The TechXtract® process
has been used on concrete floors, walls, and ceilings,
tools and machine parts, internal piping, values, and
lead shielding. The TechExtract®process has removed
lead, arsenic, technetium, uranium, cesium, tritium,
and throium, chrome (+3,+6), gallium, copper,
mercury, plutonium, and strontium.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Demonstration Program in summer 1994. EAT
Demonstrated the TechXtract® technology from
February 26, 1997 to March 6, 1997. During the
demonstration, AET competed 20 TechXtract® 100
cycles and 12 300/200 cycles. Post-treatment samples
were collected on March 6, 1997. In April 1997 a
demonstration project was completed at the Pearl
Harbor Naval Complex.
The technology has been used in over 200 successful
decontamination projects for the U.S. Department of
Energy; U.S. Department of Defense; the electric,
heavy manufacturing, steel, and aluminum industries;
and other applications. Further research is underway
to apply the technology to soil, gravel, and other loose
material. AET also plans to study methods for
removing or concentrating metals in the extracted
liquids.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Dennis Timberlake
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7547
Fax:513-569-7676
E-mail: timberlake.dennis@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Scott Fay
Active Environmental Technologies, Inc.
40 High Street,
Mount Holly, NJ 08060
609-702-1500
Fax: 609-702-0265
E-mail: scottf@pics.com
The SITE Program assesses bul does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 9
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY/
ZENTOX CORPORATION
(Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air Stripping)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOC), such
astrichloroethene(TCE)andtetrachloroethene(PCE),
are readily removed from groundwater and soil using
established methods such as ah stripping and vapor
extraction. However, this solution produces a VOC-
contaminatedair stream thatrequires further treatment.
In gas-solid photocatalytic oxidation (PCO), the VOC-
laden air stream is exposed to a titania catalyst in near-
ultraviolet (UV) light. The UV light activates the
catalyst, producing oxidizing radicals. The radicals
promote rapid chain reactions that completely destroy
VOCs to carbon dioxide and water; these oxidation
reactions occur at or near room temperature. The
treatment of chlorinated organics also produces
hydrochloric acid.
Arizona State University (ASU) is investigating an
integrated pilot-scale pump-and-treat system that
transfers chlorinated VOCs to an air stream using air
stripping. A PCO reactor installed downstream of the
air stripping unit treats the contaminated air stream.
The figure below illustrates the system. The PCO unit
incorporates a flow-through photocatalytic reactor for
VOC destruction and a caustic absorber bed for
removal of hydrochloric acid. The acid is neutralized
to sodium chloride in the absorber bed.
PCO offers the following advantages over
conventional treatment technologies:
• ThephotocatalyticprocessaliowsVOCstobe
oxidized at or near room temperature.
• Low-temperature operation allows the use of
plastic piping and construction, thereby
reducing costs and minimizing acid corrosion
problems.
• Chemical additives are not required.
• The titania catalyst and UV lamps are
inexpensive and commercially available
(modified catalyst formulations are available
for enhanced performance).
• A variety of halogenated and nonhalogenated
organic compounds can be completely
oxidized to innocuous or easily neutralized
products, such as carbon dioxide and
hydrochloric acid.
VOC-Laden Air
VOC-Contaminated
Groundwater
Purified Air Out
Truck-Mounted PCO Unit
Photocatalytic Reactor
Clean Air
Caustic
Scrubber
Stripped
Water Out
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air Stripping
Page 10
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology can treat VOC-contaminated streams
generated by air stripping treatment of contaminated
groundwater or soil vapor extraction of contaminated
soil. The technology is appropriate for dilute VOC
concentrations (such as 500 parts per million by
volume or less) and low to moderate flow rates.
Laboratory data indicate that the PCO technology can
also be adapted for industrial facilities that emit dilute
VOC-contaminated air streams. Candidates include
chemical process plants, dry cleaners, painting
operations, solvent cleaning operations, and
wastewater and hazardous waste treatment facilities.
Air in closed environments could also be purified by
integrating PCO units with heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning systems.
STATUS:
The PCO technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1993. Under the
program, ASU has conducted bench-scale tests to
evaluate the integration of a PCOunit downstream of
an existing air stripping unit. Results of the bench-
scale testing have provided design data for a pilot-
scale test at a Phoenix, Arizona, Superfund site
contaminated with chlorinated VOC s. ASU's previous
laboratory studies indicate rapid destruction to
nondetectable levels (98 to 99 percent removal) for
various concentrations of TCE and other chlorinated
ethenes in humid air streams.
In 1995, Zentox Corporation (Zentox) fielded a
prototype PCO system for the treatment of TCE in air.
Building on the data gained from that system, Zentox
is fabricating a second generation system for use at the
Phoenix site. Following tests at the Phoenix site, the
50- to 100-cubic-feet-per-minute pilot plant unit will
be available for trials at other locations.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Norma Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7665
Fax:513-569-7787
e-mail: lewis.normal@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Gregory Raupp
Department of Chemical, Biological,
and Materials Engineering
Arizona State University
Tempe,AZ 85287-6006
480-965-3895
Fax: 480-965-0037
e-mail: Raupp@asu.edu
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 11
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ART INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(formerly ENVIRO-SCIENCES, INC.)
. (Low-Energy Extraction Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The patented Low-Energy Extraction Process (LEEP®)
uses common organic solvents to concentrate and
extract organic pollutants from soil, sediments, and
sludges. LEEP® can treat contaminated solids to the
stringent cleanup levels mandated by regulatory
agencies. LEEP® includes pretreatment, washing, and
concentration processes (see figure below).
During pretreatment, particles measuring up to 8
inches in diameter are removed in a gravity settler-
floater. The settler-floater includes a metal detector
and remover, a crusher, and a metering feeder.
Floating material often found at remediation sites,
such as wood chips, grass, or root material, is also
removed.
After pretreatment, the solid matrix is washed in a
unique, dual solvent process that uses both hydrophilic
and hydrophobic solvents. The combination of these
proprietary solvents guarantees efficient contaminant
removal.
The extracted pollutants are then concentrated in a
sacrificial solvent by liquid-liquid extraction or by
distillation, before being removed from the process for
off-site disposal or recycling. The treated solids can
be returned to the site as clean fill.
LEEP® is a low-pressure process operated at near-
ambient conditions. It is designed as a closed-loop,
self-contained, mobile unit consisting of proven
heavy-duty equipment. The relatively inexpensive
solvents used in the process are recycled internally.
The solvents are applicable to almost every type of
organic contaminant, and their physical properties
enhance clay and silt particle settling.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
LEEP® can treat most organic contaminants in soil,
sediment, and sludge, including tar, creosote,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons, pesticides, and wood- preserving
chlorophenol formulations. Bench- and pilot-scale
LEEP® Process Flow Diagram
Page 12
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approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
experiments have shown that LEEP® effectively
treats tar-contaminated solids from manufactured gas
plant sites, soils and sediments contaminated with
polychlorinatedbiphenyls and refinery waste sludges,
and soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.
STATUS:
LEEP® was accepted into the Emerging Technology
Program in July 1989. Bench-scale studies for process
development were completed in 1994. A draft report
that details the evaluation results has been submitted to
EPA. The final report will be available in 1997.
In addition, ART International, Inc., routinely
conducts bench-scale treatability studies for
government and industrial clients, and it has obtained
Toxic Substances Control Act, Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, and air permits for the technology.
Other developments include the following:
• A 200-pound-per-hour pilot-scale unit has
been constructed.
• Tests of the pilot-scale unit indicated that
LEEP® can treat soil from manufactured gas
plant sites containing up to 5 percent tar.
• Tests to scale up the pilot-scale unit to a
commercial unit are complete.
• Commercial design criteria and a turnkey bid
package are complete.
• Commercialization activities for a full-scale
unit are underway.
In 1994, Soil Extraction
Technologies, Inc., a wholly owned
subsidiary of Public Service Electric
& Gas, purchased a LEEP® license.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 46268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
E-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Werner Steiner
ART International, Inc.
100 Ford Road
Denville,NJ 07834
973-627-7601
Fax: 973-627-6524
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 13
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA, LIMITED
(Chemical Treatment and Ultrafiltration)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (AECL),
process uses chemical pretreatment and ultrafiltration
to remove trace concentrations of dissolved metals
from wastewater, contaminated groundwater, and
leachate. The process selectively removes metal
contaminants and produces a volume-reduced water
stream for further treatment and disposal.
The installed unit's overall dimensions are 5 feet wide
by 7 feet long by 6 feet high. The skid-mounted unit
consists of (1) a bank of 5-micron cartridgeprefiiters,
(2) a feed conditioning system with polyelectrolytes
and chemicals for pH adjustment, (3) two banks of
hollow-fiber ultrafilters, (4) a backflush system for
cleaning the membrane unit, and (5) associated tanks
and instrumentation.
The figure below illustrates the process. Wastewater
enters the prefilter through the feed holding tank,
where suspended particles are removed from the feed.
The filtered waste stream is then routed to
conditioning tanks where the solution pH is adjusted.
Water-soluble macromolecular compounds are then
added to the wastewaterto form complexes with heavy
metal ions. Next, a relatively high molecular weight
polymer, generally a commercially available
polyelectrolyte, is added to the wastewater to form
selective metal-polymer complexes at the desired pH
and temperature. The polyelectrolyte quantities
depend on the metal ion con-centration.The
wastewater then passes through a cross-flow
ultrafiltration membrane system by way of a
recirculationloop. The ultrafiltration system provides
a total membrane surface area of 265 square feet and
a flow rate of about 6 gallons per minute (gpm). The
membranes retain the metal complexes (concentrate),
while allowing uncomplexed ions to passthrough the
membrane with the filtered water. The filtered water
(permeate) is continuously withdrawn, while the
concentrate stream, containing most of the
contaminants, is recycled through the recirculation
loop until it meets the target concentration. After
reaching the target concentration, the concentrate
stream is withdrawn for further treatment, such as
solidification. It can then be safely disposed of, while
the clean filtered water is discharged.
Recirculation Loop
Feed
Holding
Tank
1
Prefiltration
pH Chemical
Addition
+
pH
Adjustment
Polyelectrolyte
Addition
*"
4
Metal
Complexation
Reaction
Tank
-CH
Circulation
Pump
20 L/min
100 to 150 L/min
Ultrafiltration
System
{265 sq ft Bank)
1
,_ =20 L/min
Feed
Pump
s
= 0.2 to
Filter
Water
Concentrate
Single-Stage Chemical Treatment and Ultrafiltration Process
Page 14
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The AECL process treats groundwater, leachate, and
surface runoff contaminated with trace levels of toxic
heavy metals. The process also treats effluents from
(1) industrial processes, (2) production and processing
ofbasemetals,(3)smelters,(4)electrolysisoperations,
and (5) battery manufacturing. Potential applications
include removal of metals such as cadmium, lead,
mercury, uranium, manganese, nickel, chromium, and
silver.
The process can treat influent with dissolved metal
concentrations from several parts per million (ppm) up
to about 100 ppm. In addition, the process removes
other inorganic and organic materials present as
suspended or colloidal solids. The sole residue is the
ultrafiltration concentrate, which generally constitutes
5 to 20 percent of the feed volume.
STATUS:
The AECL process was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1988. During
initial bench-scale and pilot-scale tests, the AECL
process successfully removed cadmium, lead, and
mercury. These results were used to help designers
construct the mobile unit.
The mobile unit has been tested at Chalk River
Laboratories and a uranium mine tailings site in
Ontario, Canada. The field evaluation indicated that
process water characteristics needed further study;
pretreatmentschemesare being evaluated. The mobile
unit, which is capable of treating influent flows
ranging from 1,000 to 5,000 gallons per day, is
available for treatability tests and on-site applications.
An Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-92/002) is available from EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
John Martin
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7758
Fax:513-569-7620
e-mail: martin.johnf@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Shaun Cotnam and Dr. Shiv Vijayan
Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited
Chalk River Laboratories
Chalk River, Ontario, Canada KOJ 1 JO
613-584-3311
Fax:613-584-1812
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 15
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED
(Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The ultrasonic-aided leachate treatment process
involves enhanced chemical treatment of acidic soil
leachate solutions. These solutions, also known as
acid mine drainage, are caused by the oxidation and
dissolution of sulfide-bearing wastes that produce
sulfuric acid. The resulting acidic water leaches metal
contaminants from the exposed waste rock and mine
tailings, creating large volumes of toxic acidic
leachates.
The ultrasonic-aided leachate treatment process uses
an ultrasonic field to improve contaminant removal
through precipitation, coprecipitation, oxidation, ion
scavenging, and sorption (see figure below). These
processesare followed by solid-liquid separation us ing
a filter press and a cross-flow microfilter connected in
series. The time required for treatment depends on
(1) the nature of acidic waste to be treated, (2) the
treated water quality with respect to contaminant
concentration, and (3) the rate at which the physical
and chemical processes occur. The treatable leachate
volume is scalable.
The major difference between this technology and
conventional processes is the use of ultrasonic mixing
instead of mechanical agitation in large tanks.
Research indicatesthat an ultrasonic field significantly
increases both the conversion rate of dissolved
contaminants to precipitates and the rate of oxidation
and ion exchange. Earlier studies by Atomic Energy
of Canada Limited (AECL) revealed that the time
required to precipitate heavy metals from aqueous
solutions decreased by an order of magnitude in the
presence of an ultrasonic field. The ultrasonic-aided
leachate treatment process is compact, portable, and
energy-efficient. Safety and process controls are built
in as necessary for handling mixed radioactive
solutions. The process also generates minimal fugitive
emissions and produces a treated effluent that meets
applicable discharge limits. The process may also be
able to treat waste containing small amounts of
dissolved or suspended organics.
Chemical Reagents Addition
pH Chemical
Oxidant
Precipitant
1 To 2%
Suspended
Solids
Concentrate
(1 To 2% Solids)
Filtrate (0.05 To 0.1%
Suspended Solids)
Acidic Soil Leachate Feed
Percent Dissolved Solids:
5,000 to 10,000 ppm
Primary Contaminants:
(Heavy Metals & RadionudkJes)
1,000 to 2,000 ppm
To Discharge
CD
CD
To Disoosal
Single-Stage Chemical Treatment and Ultrafiltration Process
Page 16
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The ultrasonic-aided leachate treatment process treats
acid mine drainage contaminated with heavy metals
and radionuclides. The process can also be combined
with soil remediation technologies.
STATUS:
The ultrasonic-aided leachate treatment process was
accepted into the SITE Emerging Technology Program
in 1993. Under this program, AECL is developing and
testing a pilot-scale unit to treat acidic soil leachate
solutions containing low levels of metals and
radionuclides.
The quality assurance and test plan was approved in
October 1994. Laboratory-scale testing using acidic
leachates from the Berkeley Pit in Butte, Montana, and
from Stanleigh Mines in Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada,
is complete. The tests were designed to find optimal
single and multistage treatment regimes to remove
from the leachates a variety of dissolved species (such
as iron, aluminum, manganese, magnesium, copper,
zinc, uranium, radium, and sulfate), either as
contaminants or as reusable resources.
Given optimum process chemistry, low energy (less
than 5 kilojoules per liter), and low frequency (20
kilohertz), ultrasonic cavitation fields were sufficient
to remove the dissolved species to levels meeting
discharge requirements.
The energy input corresponds to a chemical
conditioning time of a few seconds to tens of seconds.
The underlying principles examined include lime and
limestone precipitation, copper cementation, iron, and
uranium oxidation, ion sorption, and ion scavenging.
A Phase 1 interim report summarizing the laboratory-
scale results was issued in August 1995. A revised
Phase 1 report was issued in February 1996. Testing
of the pilot-scale system was December 1996.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
E-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Shaun Cotnam and Dr. Shiv Vijayan
Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited
Chalk River Laboratories
Chalk River, Ontario, Canada KOJ 1 JO
613-584-3311, ext. 3220/6057
Fax:613-584-1812
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 17
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
(In Situ Electroacoustic Soil Decontamination)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This patented in situ electroacoustic soil
decontamination (BSD) technology removes heavy
metals from soils through direct current electrical and
acoustic fields. Direct current facilitates liquid
transport through soils. The technology consists of
electrodes, an anode and a cathode, and an acoustic
source (see figure below).
The double-layer boundary theory is important when
an electric potential is applied to soils. For soil
particles, the double layer consists of (1) afixed layer
of negative ions that are firmly held to the solid phase,
and (2) a diffuse layer of more loosely held cations
and anions. Applying an electric potential to the
double layer displaces the loosely held ions to their
respective electrodes. The cations take water with
them as they move toward the cathode.
Besides water transport through wet soils, the direct
current produces other effects, such as ion transfer, pH
gradients development, electrolysis, oxidation and
reduction, and heat generation.
Heavy metals present in contaminated soils can be
leached or precipitated out of solution by electrolysis,
oxidation and reduction reactions, or ionic migration.
The soil contaminants may be (1) cations, such as
cadmium, chromium, and lead; or (2) anions, such as
cyanide, chromate, and dichromate. The existenceof
these ions in their respective oxidation states depends
on soil pH and concentration gradients. Direct current
is expected to increase the leaching rate and precipitate
the heavy metals out of solution by establishing
appropriate pH and osmotic gradients.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology removes heavy metals from soils.
When applied in conjunction with an electric field and
water flow, an acoustic field can enhance waste
dewateringor leaching. This phenomenon is not fully
understood. Another possible application involves the
unclogging of recovery wells. Because contaminated
particles are driven to the recovery well, the pores and
interstitial spaces in the soil can close. This
technology could be used to clear these clogged
spaces. The technology's potential for improving
Contaminants
Water (Optional)
In Situ Electroacoustic Soil Decontamination (BSD) Technology
Page 18
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Corrmleted Proiect
nonaqueous phase liquid contaminant recovery and in
situ removal of heavy metals needs to be tested at the
pilot-scale level using clay soils.
STATUS:
The ESD technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1988. Results
indicate that ESD is technically feasible for removing
inorganic species such as zinc and cadmium from clay
soils; it is only marginally effective for hydrocarbon
removal. A modified ESD process for more effective
hydrocarbon removal has been developed but not
tested. The Emerging Technology Report
(EPA/540/5-90/004) describing the 1 -year
investigation can be purchased through the National
Technical Information Service, (PB 90-204728/AS).
The Emerging Technology Summary
(EPA/540/S5-90/004) is available from EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROIECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
E-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Satya Chauhan
Battelle Memorial Institute
505 King Avenue
Columbus, OH 43201
614-424-4812
Fax:614-424-3321
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 19
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
BIOTROL®
(Methanotrophic Bioreactor System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The BioTrol® methanotrophic bioreactor system isan
aboveground remedial technology for water
contaminated with halogenated hydrocarbons.
Trichloroethene(TCE) and related compounds pose a
difficult challenge to biological treatment. Unlike
aromatic hydrocarbons, for example, TCE cannot
serve as a primary substrate for bacterial growth.
Degradation depends on cometabolism (see figure
below), which is attributed to the broad substrate
specificity of certain bacterial enzyme systems.
Although many aerobic enzyme systems reportedly
cooxidize TCE and related compounds, BioTrol*
claims that the methane monooxygenase (MMO)
produced by methanotrophic bacteria is the most
promising.
Methanotrophs are bacteria that can use methane as a
sole source of carbon and energy. Although certain
methanotrophs can express MMO in either a soluble or
particulate (membrane-bound) form, BioTrol® has
discovered that the soluble form used in the BioTrol
process induces extremely rapid TCE degradation
rates. Two patents have been obtained, and an
additional patent on the process is pending. Results
from experiments with Methylosinus trichosporium
strain OB3b indicate that the maximum specific TCE
degradation rate is 1.3 grams of TCE per gram of cells
(dry weight) per hour. This rate is 100 to 1,000 times
faster than reported TCE degradation rates for
nonmethanotrophs. This species of methanotrophic
bacteria reportedly removes various chlorinated
aliphatic compounds by more than 99.9 percent.
o
o
2,000
1,500 _
1,000 _
500 _
HRT (min)
Results for Pilot-Scale, Continuous-Flow Reactor
Page 20
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
ComDleted Proiect
BioTrol has also developed a colorimetric assay that
verifies the presence of MMO in the bioreactor
culture.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The bioreactor system can treat water contaminated
with halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, including
TCE, dichloroethene isomers, vinyl chloride,
dichloroethane isomers, chloroform, dichloromethane
(methylene chloride), and others. In the case of
groundwater treatment, bioreactor effluent can either
be reinjected or discharged to a sanitary sewer or a
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1990. Both bench- and
pilot-scale tests were conducted using a continuous-
flow, dispersed-growth system. As shown in the
figure below, the pilot-scale reactor displayed first-
order TCE degradation kinetics. The final report on
the demonstration appears in the Journal of the Air
and Waste Management Association, Volume 45, No.
1, January 1995. The Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F- 93/506) and the Emerging Technology
Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/505) are available from
EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7175
E-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Durell Dobbins
BioTrol®
10300 Valley View Road, Suite 107
Eden Prairie, MN 55344-3546
320-942-8032
Fax: 320-942-8526
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 21
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Technology ProSle
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
BWX TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(an affiliate of BABCOCK & WILCOX CO.)
(Cyclone Furnace)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Babcock & Wilcox Co. (Babcock & Wilcox)
cyclone furnace is designed to combust coal with high
inorganic content (high-ash). Through cofiring, the
cyclone furnace can also accommodate highly
contaminated wastes containing heavy metals and
organics in soil or sludge. High heat-release rates of
45,000 British thermal units (Btu) per cubic foot of
coal and high turbulence in cyclones ensures the high
temperatures required for melting the high-ash fuels
and combusting the organics. The inert ash exits the
cyclone furnace as a vitrified slag.
The pilot-scale cyclone furnace, shown in the figure
below, is a water cooled, scaled-down version of a
commercial coal-fired cyclone with a restricted exit
(throat). The furnace geometry is a horizontal cylinder
(barrel).
Natural gas and preheated combustion air are heated to
820 °F and enter tangentially into the cyclone burner.
For dry soil processing, the soil matrix and natural gas
enter tangentially along the cyclone furnace barrel.
For wet soil processing, an atomizer uses compressed
air to spray the soil slurry directly into the furnace.
The soil or sludge and inorganics are captured and
melted, and organics are destroyed in the gas phase or
in the molten slag layer. This slag layer is formed and
retained on the furnace barrel wall by centrifugal
action.
The soil melts, exits the cyclone furnace from the tap
at the cyclone throat, and drops into a water-filled slag
tank where it solidifies. A small quantity of soil also
exits as fly ash with the flue gas from the furnace and
is collected in a baghouse. In principle, this fly ash
can be recycled to the furnace to increase metal
capture and to minimize the volume of the potentially
hazardous waste stream.
The energy requirements for vitrification are 15,000
Btu per pound of soil treated. The cyclone furnace can
be operated with gas, oil, or coal as the supplemental
fuel. If the waste is high in organic content, it may
also supply a significant portion of the required fuel
heat input.
Particulatesare captured by a baghouse. To maximize
the capture of particulate metals, a heat exchanger is
used to cool the stack gases to approximately 200°F
before they enter the baghouse.
NATIMM.QAS
SOL INJECTOR
Cyclone Furnace
Page 22
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Proiect
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The cyclone furnace can treat highly contaminated
hazardous wastes, sludges, and soils that contain heavy
metals and organic constituents. The wastes may be
solid, a soil slurry (wet soil), or liquids. To be treated
in the cyclone furnace, the ash or solid matrix must
melt (with or without additives) and flow at cyclone
furnace temperatures (2,400 to 3,000°F). Because the
furnace captures heavy metals in the slag and renders
them nonleachable, it is particularly suited to soils that
contain lower-volatility radionuclides such as
strontium and transuranics.
STATUS:
Based on results from the Emerging Technology
Program,thecyclonefurnacetechnology was accepted
into the SITE Demonstration Program in August 1991.
A demonstration occurred in November 1991 at the
developer's facility in Alliance, Ohio. The process
was demonstrated using an EPA-suppIied, wet
synthetic soil matrix (SSM) spiked with heavy metals
(lead, cadmium, and chromium), organics (anthracene
and dimethylphthalate), and simulated radionuclides
(bismuth, strontium, and zirconium). Results from the
demonstrations have been published in the
Applications Analysis Report (EPA/520/AR-92/017)
and Technology Evaluation Report, Volumes 1 and2
(EPA/504/R-92/017Aand EP A/5 40/R-92/017B);these
documents are available from EPA.
DEMONSTRATION RESULTS:
Vitrified slag leachabilities for the heavy metals met
EPA toxiciry characteristicleaching procedure (TCLP)
limits. TCLP leachabilities were 0.29 milligram per
liter (mg/L) for lead, 0.12 mg/L for cadmium, and 0.30
mg/L for chromium. Almost 95 percent of the
noncombustible SSM was incorporated into the slag.
Greater than 75 percent of the chromium, 88 percent
of the strontium, and 97 percent of the zirconium were
captured in the slag. Dry weight volume was reduced
28 percent. Destruction and removal efficiencies for
anthracene and dimethylphthalate were greater than
99.997 percent and 99.998 percent, respectively.
Stack particulates were 0.001 grain per dry standard
cubic foot (gr/dscf) at 7 percent oxygen, which was
below the Resource Conservation Recovery Act limit
of 0.08 gr/dscf effective until May 1993. Carbon
monoxide and total hydrocarbons in the flue gas were
6.0 parts per million (ppm) and 8.3 ppm, respectively.
An independent cost analysis was performed as part of
the SITE demonstration. The cost to remediate 20,000
tons of contaminated soil using a 3.3-ton-per-hourunit
was estimated at $465 per ton if the unit is on line 80
percent of the time, and $529 per ton if the unit is on
line 60 percent of the time.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Laurel Staley
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7863 Fax:513-569-7105
E-mail: staley.larel@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Jerry Maringo
BWX Technologies, Inc.,
20 South Van Buren Avenue
P.O. Box 351
Barberton, OH 44203
330-860-6321
The SITE Program assesses but does Dot
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 23
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
COGNIS, INC.
(Biological/Chemical Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The COGNIS, Inc. biological/chemical treatment is a
two-stage process that treats soils, sediments, and
other media contaminated with metals and organics.
Metals are first removed from the contaminated matrix
by a chemical leaching process. Organics are then
removed by bioremediation.
Although metals removal usually occurs in the first
stage, bioremediation may be performed first if
organic contamination levels are found to inhibit the
metals extraction process. Bioremediation is more
effective if the metal concentrations in the soil are
sufficiently low so as not to inhibit microbial activity.
However, even in the presence of inhibitory metal
concentrations, a microbe population may be enriched
to perform the necessary bioremediation.
Soil handling requirements for both stages are similar,
so unit operations are fully reversible. The final
treatment products are a recovered metal or metal salt,
biodegraded organic compounds, and clean soil.
Contaminated soil is first exposed to a leachant
solution and classified by particle size (see figure
below). Size classification allows oversized rock,
gravel, and sand to be quickly cleaned and separated
from the sediment fines (such as silt, clay, and humus),
which require longer leaching times. Typically,
organic pollutants are also attached to the fines.
After dissolution of the metal compounds, metal ions
such as zinc, lead, and cadmium are removed from the
aqueous leachate by liquid ion exchange, resin ion
exchange, or reduction. At this point, the aqueous
leaching solution is freed of metals and can be reused
to leach additional metal from the contaminated soil.
If an extraction agent is used, it is later stripped of the
Leachant
Leachant Recycle
Metal
Clean
Soil
Bioaugment
Fertilizer
pH Adjust
Bioremediation
Water cycle
Water
Carbon Dioxide
Metal Leaching and Bioremediation Process
Page 24
The SrTE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
bound metal and the agent is fully regenerated and
recycled. Heavy metals are recovered in a saleable,
concentrated form as solid metal or a metal salt. The
method of metals recovery depends on the metals
present and their concentrations.
After metals extraction is complete, the "mud" slurry
settles and is neutralized. Liquids are returned to the
classifier, and the partially treated soil is transferred to
a slurry bioreactor, a slurry-phase treatment lagoon, or
a closed land treatment cell for bioremediation. The
soil and the residual leachate solution are treated to
maximize contaminant biodegradation. Nutrients are
added to support microbial growth, and the most
readily biodegradable organic compounds are
aerobically degraded.
Bench-scale tests indicate that this process can
remediate a variety of heavy metals and organic
pollutants. The combined process is less expensive
than separate metalsremoval and organic remediation.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This remediation process is intended to treat
combined-waste soils contaminated by heavy metals
and organic compounds. The process can treat
contaminants including lead, cadmium, zinc, and
copper, as well as petroleum hydrocarbons and
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons that are subject to
aerobic microbial degradation. The combined process
can also be modified to extract mercury and other
metals, and to degrade more recalcitrant halogenated
hydrocarbons.
STATUS:
This remediation process was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in August 1992.
Bench- and pilot-scale testing of the bioremediation
process is complete. A full-scale field test of the
metals extraction process was completed under the
Demonstration Program. For further information on
the full-scale process, refer to the profile in the
Demonstration Program section.
This remediation process is no longer available
through COGNIS, Inc. For further information about
the process, contact the EPA Project Manager.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Steven Rock
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45208
513-569-7149
Fax:513-569-7105
E-mail: rock.steven@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT
Bill Fristad
Cognis Inc.
2331 CircadianWay
Santa Rosa, CA 95407
248-583-9300
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 25
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
COGNIS, INC.
(TERRAMET® Soil Remediation System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The COGNIS, Inc. (COGNIS), TERRAMET® soil
remediation system leaches and recovers lead and
other metals from contaminated soil, dust, sludge, or
sediment. The system uses a patented aqueous
leachantthat is optimized through treatability tests for
the soil and the target contaminant. TheTERRAMET8
system can treat most types of lead contamination,
including metallic lead and lead salts and oxides. The
lead compounds are often tightly bound by fine soil
constituents such as clay, manganese and iron oxides,
and humus.
The figure below illustrates the process. A
pretreatment, physical separation stage may involve
dry screening to remove gross oversized material. The
soil can be separated into oversized (gravel), sand, and
fine (silt, clay, and humus) fractions. Soil, including
the oversized fraction, is first washed. Most lead
contamination is typically associated with fines
fraction, and this fraction is subjected to
countercurrent leaching to dissolve the adsorbed lead
and other heavy metal species. The sand fraction may
also contain significant lead, especially if the
contamination is due to paniculate lead, such as that
found in battery recycling, ammunition burning, and
scrap yard activities. In this case, the sand fraction is
pretreated to remove dense metallic or magnetic
materials before subjecting the sand fraction to
countercurrent leaching. Sand and fines can be treated
in separate parallel streams.
After dissolution of the lead and other heavy metal
contaminants, the metal ions are recovered from the
aqueous leachate by a metal recovery process such as
reduction, liquid ion exchange, resin ion exchange, or
precipitation. The metal recovery technique depends
on the metals to be recovered and the leachant
employed. In most cases, a patented reduction process
is used so that the metals are recovered in a compact
form suitable for recycling. After the metals are
recovered, the leachant can be reused within the
TERRAMET8 system for continued leaching.
Important characteristics of the TERRAMET8 leaching/
recovery combination are as follows:
(1) the leachant is tailored to the substrate and the
contaminant; (2) the leachant is fully recycled within
the treatment plant; (3) treated soil can be returned on
site; (4) all soil fractions can be treated; (5) end
products include treated soil and recycled metal; and
(6) no waste is generated during processing.
Physical Separation Stage
Contemplated !__.
Soil I
TERRAMET® Chemk
Soil Rnes From
Separation Stage
Sand From ,
Separation Stage
Feeder) •^Tror
Dewaterec
+1/4'
Oversize
.al Leaching SL
_| Leach |
•*] Circuit
Lead-Loaded
Leachant
J Leach
• ^\ Circuit
age
-^ —
„__,! _J Separation 1 "IBSn_J7^u^<;^, | __ Soil Fines to
nmeU — n Chamber | — [warmerj Leaching Circi
-1/4-
-t-aoomesh
I »- Organic Mater
Density 1 _J Dewatering t^ Sand to
Separatjon | ~ Sand Screw f" Leaching Circt
M Dewate
CtHttiili
I ,
ring I
ge p
Lead- Free
Leachant
J Dewataring 1
" SandScrew ]
Lead Concentrate
"• to Recyder
— -{aw
Li
^~ri ^_ Clean, Dewat
1 Neutralized S
me
Lead Concentrate
to Recyder
TERRAMET® Soil Remediation System
Page 26
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Proiect
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The COGNIS TERRAMET® soil remediation system can
treat soil, sediment, and sludge contaminated by lead
and other heavy metals or metal mixtures.
Appropriate sites include contaminated ammunition
testing areas, firing ranges, battery recycling centers,
scrap yards, metal plating shops, and chemical
manufacturers. Certain lead compounds, such as lead
sulfide, are not amenable to treatment because of their
exceedingly low solubilities. The system can be
modified to leach and recover other metals, such as
cadmium, zinc, copper, and mercury, from soils.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in August 1992. Based on
results from the Emerging Technology Program, the
technology was accepted into the SITE Demonstration
Program in 1994. The demonstration took place at the
Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP) Site F
during August 1994. The TERRAMET® system was
evaluated during afull-scaleremediationconducted by
COGNIS at TCAAP. The full-scale system was linked
with a soil washing process developed by Brice
Environmental Services Corporation (BESCORP).
The system treated soil at a rate of 12 to 15 tons per
hour. An Innovative Technology Evaluation Report
describing the demonstration and its results will be
available in 1998.
The TERRAMET* system is now available through Doe
Run, Inc. (see contact information below). For further
information about the development of the system,
contact the Dr. William Fristad (see contact
information below). For further information on the
BESCORP soil washing process, refer to the profile in
the Demonstration Program section (completed
projects).
DEMONSTRATION RESULTS:
Lead levels in the feed soil ranged from 380 to 1,800
milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). Lead levels in
untreated and treated fines ranged from 210 to 780
mg/kg and from 50 to 190 mg/kg, respectively.
Average removal efficiencies for lead were about 75
percent. The TERRAMET® and BESCORP processes
operated smoothly at a feed rate of 12 to 15 tons per
hour. Size separation using the BESCORP process
proved to be effective and reduced the lead load to the
TERRAMET8 leaching process by 39 to 63 percent.
Leaching solution was recycled, and lead concentrates
were delivered to a lead smelting facility. The cost of
treating contaminated soil at the TCAAP site using the
COGNIS and BESCORP processes is about $200 per
ton of treated soil, based on treatment of 10,000 tons
of soil. This cost includes the cost of removing
ordnance from the soil.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Michael Royer
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
2890 Woodbridge Avenue, MS-104
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
732-321-6633
Fax:732-321-6640
E-mail: royer.michael@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY CONTACT
Lou Magdits, TERRAMET* Manager
Doe Run, Inc.
Buick Resource Recycling Facility
HwyKK
HC 1 Box 1395
Boss, MO 65440
573-626-3476
Fax: 573-626-3405
E-mail: lmagdits@misn.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 27
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
(Constructed Wetlands-Based Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The constructed wetlands-based treatment technology
uses natural geochemical and microbiological
processes inherent in an artificial wetland ecosystem
to accumulate and remove metals from influent waters.
The treatment system incorporates principal ecosystem
components found in wetlands, such as organic
materials (substrate), microbial fauna, and algae.
Influent waters with high metal concentrations flow
through the aerobic and anaerobic zones of the
wetland ecosystem. Metals are removed by ion
exchange, adsorption, absorption, and precipitation
through geochemical and microbial oxidation and
reduction. Ion exchange occurs as metals in the water
contact humic or other organic substances in the soil
medium. Oxidation and reduction reactions that occur
in the aerobic and anaerobic zones, respectively,
precipitate metals as hydroxides and sulfides.
Precipitated and adsorbed metals settle in quiescent
ponds or are filtered out as the water percolates
through the soil or substrate.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The constructed wetlands-based treatment process is
suitable for acid mine drainage from metal or coal
mining activities. These wastes typically contain high
concentrations of metals and low pH. Wetlands
treatment has been applied with some success to
wastewater in the eastern United States. The process
may have to be adjusted to account for differences in
geology, terrain, trace metal composition, and climate
in the metal mining regions of the western United
States.
STATUS:
Based on the results of tests conducted during the
SITE Emerging Technology Program (ETP), the
constructed wetlands-based treatment process was
selected for the SITE Demonstration Program in 1991.
Results from the ETP tests indicated an average
removal rate of 50 percent for metals. For further
information on the ETP evaluation, refer to the
Emerging Technology Summary (EPA/540/SR-
7oz. GEOFABR1C
GEOGRID
70Z.GEOFABRI
PERF. EFFLUENT
PIPING TIE TO
GEOGRID
SUBSTRATE.
HOPE UNER
GEOSYNTHETIC
CLAY UNER
160Z.GEOFABRIC-
Schematic Cross Section of Pilot-Scale Upflow Cell
Page 28
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2Q03
Completed Project
93/523), the Emerging Technology Report
(EPA/540/R-93/523), or the Emerging Technology
Bulletin (EPA/540/ F-92/001), which are available
from EPA.
This technology was in operation from 1993 to May
1999. It has been discontinued.
DEMONSTRATION RESULTS:
Studies under the Demonstration Program evaluated
process effectiveness, toxicity reduction, and
biogeochemicat processes at the Burleigh Tunnel, near
Silver Plume, Colorado. Treatment of mine discharge
from the Burleigh Tunnel is part of the remedy for the
ClearCreek/CentralCitySuperfundsite. Construction
of a pilot-scale treatment system began in summer
1993 and was completed in November 1993. The
pilot-scale treatment system covered about 4,200
square feet and consisted of an upflow cell (see figure
on previous page) and a downflow cell. Each cell
treats about 7 gallons per minute of flow. Preliminary
results indicated high removal efficiency (between 80
to 90 percent) for zinc, the primary contaminant in the
discharge during summer operation. Zinc removal
during the first winter of operation ranged from 60 to
80 percent.
Removal efficiency of dissolved zinc for the upflow
cell between March and September remained above 90
percent; however, the removal efficiency between
September and December 1994 declined to 84 percent
due to the reduction in microbial activity in the winter
months. The removal efficiency in the downflow cell
dropped to 68 percent in the winter months and was
between 70 and 80 percent during the summermonths.
The 1995 removal efficiency of dissolved zinc for the
upflow cell declined from 84 percent to below 50
percent due to substrate hydrologic problems
originating from attempts to insulate this unit during
the summer months. A dramatic upset event in the
spring of 1995 sent about four times the design flow
through the upflow cell, along with a heavy zinc load.
The heavy zinc load was toxic to the upflow cell and
it never recovered to previous performance levels.
Since the upset event, removal efficiency remainedat
or near 50 percent.
The 1995 removal efficiency of the downflow cell
declined from 80 percent during the summer months
to 63 percent during winter, again a result of reduced
microbial activity. The 1996 removal efficiency of
dissolved zinc calculated for the downflow cell
increased from a January low of 63 percent to over 95
percent from May through August. The increase in the
downflow removal efficiency is related to reduced
flow rates through the downflow substrate, translating
to increased residence time.
The SITE demonstration was completed in mid-1998,
and the cells were decommissioned in August 1998.
An Innovative Technology Evaluation Report for the
demonstration will be available in 1999. Information
on the technology can be obtained through below-
listed sources.
FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Edward Bates
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7774 Fax:513-569-7676
e-mail: bates.edward@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
James Lewis
Colorado Department of Public Health and
Environment
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
HMWMD-RP-B2
Denver, CO 80220-1530
303-692-3390 Fax: 303-759-5355
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 29
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
CONCURRENT TECHNOLOGIES
(formerly Center for Hazardous Materials Research)
(Acid Extraction Treatment System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The acid extraction treatment system (AETS) uses
hydrochloric acid to extract heavy metal contaminants
from soils. Following treatment, the clean soil may be
returned to the site or used as fill.
A simplified block flow diagram of the AETS is
shown below. First, soils are screened to remove
coarse solids. These solids, typically greater than 4
millimeters in size, are relatively clean and require at
most a simple rinse with water or detergent to remove
smaller attached particles.
After coarse particle removal, the remaining soil is
scrubbed in an attrition scrubber to break up
agglomerates and cleanse surfaces. Hydrochloric acid
is then introduced into the soil in the extraction unit.
The residence time in the unit varies depending on the
soil type, contaminants, and contaminant
concentrations, but generally ranges between 10 and
40 minutes. The soil-extractant mixture is
continuously pumped out of the mixing tank, and the
soil and extractantare separated using hydrocyclones.
When extraction is complete, the solids are transferred
to the rinse system. The soils are rinsed with water to
remove entrained acid and metals. The extraction
solution and rinse waters are regenerated using a
proprietary technology that removes the metals and
reforms the acid. The heavy metals are concentrated
in a form potentially suitable for recovery. During the
final step, the soils are mixed with lime and fertilizer
to neutralize any residual acid. No wastewater streams
are generated by the process.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The main application of AETS is extraction of heavy
metals from soils. The system has been tested using a
variety of soils containing one or more of the
following: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead,
nickel, and zinc. The treatment capacity is expected to
range up to 30 tons per hour. AETS can treat all soil
fractions, including fines.
The major residuals from AETS treatment include the
cleaned soil, which -is suitable for fill or for return to
the site, and the heavy metal concentrate. Depending
on the concentration of heavy metals, the mixtures of
heavy metals found at the site, and the presence of
other compounds (calcium, sodium) with the metals,
heavy metals may be reclaimed from the concentrate.
CONTAMINATED
SOIL
COARSE SOIL
PARTICLES
HEAVY
TREATED METALS
SOIL
Acid Extraction Treatment System (AETS) Process
Page 30
The SITE Program assesses bul does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
STATUS:
Under the Emerging Technology Program, laboratory-
scale and bench-scale tests were conducted to develop
the AETS technology. The bench-scale pilot system
was constructed to process between 20 and 100
kilograms of soil per hour. Five soils were tested,
including an EPA synthetic soil matrix (SSM) and
soils from four Superfund sites, including NL
Industries in Pedricktown, New Jersey; King of
Prussia site in Winslow Township, New Jersey; a
smelter site in Butte, Montana; and Palmerton Zinc
site in Palmerton, Pennsylvania. These soils contained
elevated concentrations of some or all of the
following: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead,
nickel, and zinc. The table below summarizes soil
treatability results based on the EPA Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous
waste requirements for toxicity characteristic leaching
procedure (TCLP) and the California standards for
total metal concentrations. The Emerging Technology
Report (EPA/540/R-94/513) and Emerging
Technology Summary (EPA/540/ SR-94/513) are
available from EPA.
The results of the study are summarized below:
• AETS can treat a wide range of soils containing a
wide range of heavy metals to reduce the TCLP
below the RCRA limit. AETS can also reduce the
total metals concentrations below the California-
mandated total metals limitations.
• In most cases, AETS can treat the entire soil,
without separate stabilization and disposal for
fines or clay particles, to the required TCLP and
total metal limits. The only exception was the
SSM, which may require separate stabilization
and disposal of 20 percent of the soil to reduce
the total TCLP lead concentrationsappropriately.
However, AETS successfully treated arsenic,
cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc in
the soil.
Treatment costs under expected process conditions
range from $100 to $180 per cubic yard of soil,
depending on the site size, soil types, and
contaminant concentrations. Operating costs
ranged from $50 to $80 per cubic yard.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
George Moore
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7991
Fax:513-569-7276
E-mail: moore.george@epa.gove
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Brian Bosilovich
Concurrent Technologies Corporation
320 William Pitt Way
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
412-577-2662, ext. 230
Fax:412-826-5552
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 31
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
CONCURRENT TECHNOLOGIES
(formerly Center for Hazardous Materials Research)
(Organics Destruction and Metals Stabilization)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This technology is designed to destroy hazardous
organics in soils while simultaneously stabilizing
metals and metal ions (see figure below). The
technology causes contaminated liquids, soils, and
sludges to react with elemental sulfur at elevated
temperatures. All organic compounds react with
sulfur. Hydrocarbons are converted to an inert carbon-
sulfur powdered residue and hydrogen sulfide gas;
treated chlorinated hydrocarbons also produce
hydrochloric acid gas. These acid gases are recovered
from the off-gases. The hydrogen sulfide is oxidized
in a conventional acid gas treating unit (such as ARI
Technologies LO-CAT™), recovering the sulfur for
reuse.
In addition to destroying organic compounds, the
technology converts heavy metals to sulfides, which
are rendered less leachable. If required, the sulfides
can be further stabilized before disposal. Thus, heavy
metals can be stabilized in the same process step as the
organics destruction. The technology's main process
Treated
Gas
Makeup
Sulfur
Recovered Sulfur
Sulfur
Vapor
Section
Reactor
Preheater
Section
Treated Solids
Processing
Treated
Soil
Organics Destruction and Metals Stabilization
Page 32
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
components consist of the following:
• A prereaction mixer where the solid and reagent
are mixed
• An indirectly heated, enclosed reactor that
includes a preheater section to drive off water, and
two integrated reactor sections to react liquid
sulfur with the solids and further react desorbed
organic compounds with vapor-phase sulfur
• An acid gas treatment system that removes the
acid gases and recovers sulfur by oxidizing the
hydrogen sulfide
A treated solids processing unit that recovers
excess reagent and prepares the treated product to
comply with on-site disposal requirements
Initial pilot-scale testing of the technology has
demonstrated that organic contaminants can be
destroyed in the vapor phase with elemental sulfur.
Tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, and
polychlorinated biphenyls were among the organic
compounds destroyed.
Batch treatability tests of contaminated soil mixtures
have demonstrated organics destruction and
immobilization of various heavy metals.
Immobilization of heavy metals is determined by the
concentration of the metals in leachate compared to
EPA toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)
regulatory limits. Following treatment, cadmium,
copper, lead, nickel, and zinc were significantly
reduced compared to TCLP values. In treatability tests
with approximately 700 parts per million of Aroclor
1260, destruction levels of 99.0 to 99.95 percent were
achieved. Destruction of a pesticide, malathion, was
also demonstrated. The process was also demonstrated
to be effective on soil from manufactured gas plants,
containing a wide range of polynuclear aromatics.
The current tests are providing a more detailed
definition of the process limits, metal concentrations,
and soil types required for stabilization of various
heavy metals to meet the limits specified by TCLP. In
addition, several process enhancements are being
evaluated to expand the range of applicability.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The technology is applicable to soils and sediments
contaminated with both organics and heavy metals.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in January 1993. Bench-scale
testing in batch reactors was completed in 1993. The
pilot-scale program was directed at integrating the
process concepts and obtaining process data in a
continuous unit. The program was completed in 1995
and the Emerging Technology Report was made
available in 1997.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Brian Bosilovich
Concurrent Technologies Corporation
320 William Pitt Way
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
412-577-2662, ext.230
Fax:412-826-5552
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 33
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
CONCURRENT TECHNOLOGIES
(formerly Center for Hazardous Materials Research)
(Smelting Lead-Containing Waste)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Secondary lead smelting is a proven technology that
reclaims lead from lead-acid battery waste sites. The
Concurrent Technologies and Exide Corporation
(Exide) have demonstrated the use of secondary lead
smelting to reclaim usable lead from various types of
waste materials from Superfund and other lead-
containing sites. Reclamation of lead is based on
existing lead smelting procedures and basic
pyrometallurgy.
The figure below is a generalized process flow
diagram. Waste material is first excavated from
Superfund sites or collected from other sources. The
waste is then preprocessedto reduce particle size and
to remove rocks, soil, and other debris. Next, the
waste is transported to the smelter.
At the smelter, waste is fed to reverberatory or blast
furnaces, depending on particle size or lead content.
The two reverberatory furnaces normally treat lead
from waste lead-acid batteries, as well as other lead-
containing material. The furnaces are periodically
tapped to remove slag, which contains 60 to 70 percent
lead, and a soft pure lead product.
The two blast furnaces treat slag generated from the
reverberatory furnaces, as well as larger- sized lead-
containing waste. These furnaces are tapped
continuously for lead and tapped intermittently to
remove slag, which is
transportedoffsitefordisposal. The reverberatory and
blast furnace combination at Exide can reclaim lead
from batteries and waste with greater than 99 percent
efficiency.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The process has been demonstrated to reclaim lead
from a variety of solid materials, including rubber
battery case material, lead dross, iron shot abrasive
blasting material, and wood from demolition of houses
coated with lead paint. The technology is applicable
to solid wastes containing more than 2 percent lead,
provided that they do not contain excessive amounts of
calcium, silica, aluminum, or other similar
constituents. Explosive and flammable liquids cannot
be processed in the furnace. As tested, this technology
is not applicable to soil remediation.
EXCAVATION OR
COLLECTION
PREPROCESSING
TRANSPORT OF MATERIAL
ROCKS, SOILS, DEBRIS
1DO
LEAD TO
BATTERY
PLANT
SLAG TO DISPOSAL
SMELTER
. S
REV
FUR
LAli
1
ERB
4ACE
•
FURNACE
*->
OR
*-
Smelting Lead-Containing Waste Process
Page 34
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1991. Field work for the
project was completed in February 1993.
The process was tested at three Superfund sites.
Materials obtained from two additional sites were also
used for these tests. Results from the Emerging
Technology Program, presented in the table below,
show that the process is applicable to waste materials
at each site and economically feasible for all but
demolition material. The Emerging Technology
Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/510), the Emerging
Technology Summary (EPA/540/ SR-95/504), and the
EmergingTechnologyReport(EPA/540/R-95/504)are
available from EPA. An article about the technology
was also published by the Journal of Hazardous
Materials in February 1995.
Specific technical problems encountered included (1)
loss of furnace production due to material buildup
within the furnaces, (2) breakdowns in the feed system
due to mechanical overloads, and (3) increased oxygen
demands inside the furnaces. All of these problems
were solved by adjusting material feed rates or furnace
parameters. Based on these tests, Concurrent
Technologies has concluded that secondary lead
smelting is an economical method of reclaiming lead
from lead-containing waste material collected at
Superfund sites and other sources.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Bill Fritch
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7659
Fax:513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Brian Bosilovich
Concurrent Technologies Corporation
320 William Pitt Way
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
412-577-2662, ext 230
Fax:412-826-5552
Source of Material/
Type of Material Tested
Tonolli Superfund site (PA)/
Battery cases
Hebalka Superfund site (PA)/
Battery cases
Pedricktown Superfund site (NJy
Battery cases; lead dross, residue, and
debris
%
Lead
3 to 7
10
45
Economical
*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Test Results
Lead can be reclaimed in secondary lead smelter;
incorporated into regular blast furnace feed stock.
Lead can be reclaimed in secondary lead smelter;
reduced in size and incorporated into regular
reverberatory furnace feed stock.
Lead can be reclaimed in secondary lead smelter;
screened and incorporated into regular reverberator
and blast furnace feed stocks.
Results from Field Tests of the Smelting Lead-Containing Waste Technology
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 35
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Techriolo"
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
EBERLINE SERVICES, INC.
(formerly Thermo Nutech, Inc./TMA Thermo Analytical, Inc.)
(Segmented Gate System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Eberline Services, Inc. has conducted many
radiological surveys of soil contaminated with low and
intermediate levels of radioactivity. Cleanup of these
sites is a highly labor-intensive process requiring
numerous personnel to conduct radiological surveys
with portable handheld instruments. When
contamination is encountered, an attempt is made to
manually excise it When surveys disclose larger areas
of contamination, heavy equipmentis used to remove
the contaminated material. Since pinpoint excision
with earthmoving equipment is difficult, large amounts
of uncontaminated soil are removed along with the
contaminant. Few sites have been characterized as
uniformly and/or homogeneously contaminated above
release criteria over the entire site area.
As a result, Eberline Services developed the
Segmented Gate System (SGS)to physically separate
and segregate radioactive material from otherwise
"clean" soil (see figure below). The SGS removes only
a minimal amount of clean soil with the radioactive
particles, significantlyreducing the overall amount of
material requiring disposal. The SGS works by
conveying radiologically contaminated feed material
on moving conveyor belts under an array of sensitive,
rapidly reacting radiation detectors. The moving
material is assayed, and the radioactivity content is
logged. Copyrighted computer software tracks the
radioactive material as it is transported by the
conveyor and triggers a diversion by one or more of
the SGS chutes when the material reaches the end of
the conveyor. Clean soil goes in one direction, and the
contaminated material in another.
EXCAVATE CONTAMINATED SOIL
BACKFILL WITH BELOW CRITERIA SOIL
^O_i
(©>-iH©>
PRE-SCREEN '
CONTAMINATED SOIL
IF REQUIRED
BELOW CRITERIA
SEGMENTED GATE SYSTEM
^ SOIL PREP \ STACKER
REDUCED VOLUME OF ABOVE CRITERIA SOIL TO DISPOSAL
Page 36
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
The key advantage to this system is automation, which
affords a much higher degree of accuracy compared to
manual methods. Contaminants can be isolated and
removed by locating small particles of radioactive
material dispersed throughout the soil. All of the soil
is analyzed continuously during processing to
document the level of radioactivity in the waste and to
demonstrate that cleaned soil meets release criteria.
This automation and analysis results in a significant
cost reduction for special handling, packaging, and
disposal of the site's radioactive waste.
The SGS locates, analyzes, and removes gamma-ray-
emitting radionuclides from soil, sand, dry sludge, or
any host matrix that can be transported by conveyor
belts. The SGS can identify hot particles, which are
assayed in units of picoCuries (pCi), and can quantify
distributed radioactivity, which is assayed in units of
pCi per gram (pCi/g) of host material. The lower limit
of detection (LLD) for the system depends on the
ambient radiation background, conveyor belt speed,
thickness of host material on conveyor, and
contaminant gamma ray energy and abundance.
However, LLDs of 2 pCi/g for americium-241 and
4 pCi/g for radium-226 have been successfully
demonstrated.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1994. Pilot- and field-
scale tests using Eberline Services' mobile equipment
were initiated at a U.S. Department of Energy facility
in March 1995.
A field test at the DOE site in Ashtabula, Ohio was
conducted in October 1998. Soil containing thotium-
232, radium-226, and uranium-238 was processed.
A similar system was operated by Eberline Services on
Johnston Atoll in the mid-Pacific from January 1992
until November 1999 under contract to the U.S.
Defense Threat Reduction Agency to process coral soil
contaminated with plutonium and americium. The
mobile SGS used at Ashtabula has also been deployed
under the Department of Energy, Accelerated Site
Technology Demonstration Program at Sandia
National Laboratories, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Pantex Plant, Nevada Test Site-Tonapah
Test Range, Idaho National Engineering and
Environmental Laboratory, and Brookhaven National
Laboratory.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Vince Gallardo,
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7176
Fax:513-569-7620
E-mail: gallardo.vincente@epamail.epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY CONTACT:
Joseph W. Kimbrell,
Eberline Services, Inc.
4501 Indian School Road, NE, Ste. 105
Albuquerque, NM 87110-3929
505-262-2694
Fax: 505-262-2698
Email: jkimbrell@eberlineservices.com
www.eberl ineservices. com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 37
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ELECTROKINETICS, INC.
(In Situ Bioremediation by Electrokinetic Injection)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
In situ bioremediation is the process of introducing
nutrients into biologically active zones (BAZ). The
nutrients are usually introduced by pumping
recirculatedgroundwater through the BAZ, relying on
hydraulic gradients or the permeability of the BAZ.
However, heterogeneous aquifers often hinder the
introduction of the nutrients. For example, areas with
higher permeability result in preferential flow paths,
leading to incomplete biological treatment in other
areas. The inability to uniformly introduce nutrients
and other additives, such as surfactants and
cometabolites, is recognized as a hindrance to
successful implementation of in situ bioremediation.
Electrokinetics, Inc. (Electrokinetics), has developed
an electrokinetic remediation technology that
stimulates and sustains in situ bioremediation for the
treatment of organics.
The technology involves applying to soil or
groundwater a low-level direct current (DC) electrical
potential difference or an electrical current using
electrodes placed in an open or closed flow
arrangement. Groundwater or an externally supplied
processing fluid is used as the conductive medium.
The low-level DC causes physical, chemical and
hydrological changes in both the waste and the
conductive medium, thereby enabling uniform
transport of process additives and nutrients into the
BAZ. The process is illustrated in the diagram below.
Electrokinetic soil processing technologies were
designed to overcome problems associated with
heterogeneous aquifers, especially those problems that
result in incomplete biological treatment. For
example, the rate of nutrient and additive transport
under electrical gradients is at least one order of
magnitude greater than that achieved under hydraulic
gradients.
Process Control bystem
Schematic Diagram of In Situ Bioremediation by Electrokinetic Injection
Page 38
TTie SITE Program assesses but does no!
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
In situ electrokinetic injection can be used for any
waste that can be treated by conventional
bioremediation techniques. The Electrokinetics, Inc.
system facilitates in situ treatment of contaminated
subsurface deposits, sediments, and sludges. The
technology can also be engineered to remove inorganic
compounds through electromigration and
electroosmosis, while process additives and nutrients
are added to the processing fluids to enhance
bioremediation of organic compounds.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in 1995. Pilot-scale studies
under the Emerging Technology Program will be used
to develop operating parameters and to demonstrate
the efficiency and cost-effectivenessof the technology
during a full-scale application. The SITE evaluation
may take place in 1999 at a military base or a U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) site.
In a Phase-I study conducted for DOE, Electrokinetics,
Inc., demonstrated that nutrient and process additives
could be transported in and across heterogeneous areas
in aquifers at rates that could sustain in-situ
bioremdiation. During the study, ion migration rates,
which were on the order of 8 to 20 centimeters per
day, exceeded the electroosmotic rate, even in a
kaolinite clay. The ion migration also produced a
reasonably uniform distribution of inorganic nitrogen,
sulfur, and phosphorous additives across the soil mass
boundaries. These results are significant and
demonstrate that electrokinetic injection techniques
may potentially be used for the injection of diverse
nutrients in low permeability soils as well as
heterogeneous media. Electrokinetics, Inc., recently
completed bench- and pilot-scale tests, which
determined the feasibility of enhancing the
bioremediation of trichloroethylene and toluene by
electrokinetic injection. The process of in situ
bioremediationby electrokinetic injection was inspired
by extensive research work conducted by
Electrokinetics, Inc., usingthe electrochemicalprocess
to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals and
radionuclides. In 1994, Electrokinetics, Inc., was
commissioned by the U.S. Department of Defense
(DoD) to demonstrate its technology in a lead-
contaminated creek bed at an inactive firing range in
Fort Polk, Louisiana. The study was supported under
the U.S. EPA SITE Demonstration Program. This
pilot-scale field demonstration represents the first
comprehensive scientific study worldwide for the
application of electrokinetic separation technology
applied to the remediation of heavy metals in soils.
Electrokinetics, Inc., successfully removed up to 98
percent of the lead from the firing range soil and
receivedthe 1996 Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Phase II Quality Award from DoD for
technical achievement.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Elif Chiasson
President
Electrokinetics, Inc.
11552 Cedar Park Avenue
Baton Rouge, LA 70809
225-753-8004
Fax: 225-753-0028
E-mail: chiasson@,pipeline.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 39
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ELECTROKINETICS, INC.
(Electrokinetic Soil Processing)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Electrokinetics, Inc.'s, soil processes extract or
remediate heavy metals and organic contaminants in
soils. The process can be applied in situ or ex situ
with suitable chemical agents to optimize the
remediation. For example, conditioning fluids such as
suitable acids may be used for electrode (cathode)
depolarization to enhance the electrodeposition of
certain heavy metals.
The figure below illustrates the field-processing
scheme and the flow of ions to respective boreholes
(or trenches). The mechanism of electrokinetic soil
remediation for the removal of toxic metals involves
the application of an electrical field across the soil
mass. An in-situ generated acid causes the
solubilization of metal salts into the pore fluid. The
free ions are then transported through the soil by
electrical migration towards the electrode of opposing
charge. Metal species with a positive charge are
collected at the cathode, while species with a negative
charge are collected at the anode.
An acid front migrates towards the negative electrode
(cathode), and contaminants are extracted through
electroosmosis (EO)and electromigration(EM). The
concurrent mobility of the ions and pore fluid
decontaminates the soil mass. Electrokinetic
remediation is extremely effective in fine-grained soils
where other techniques such as pump and treat are not
feasible. This is due to the fact that the contaminants
are transported under charged electrical fields and not
hydraulic gradients.
Bench-scale results show that the process works in
both unsaturated and saturated soils. Pore fluid flow
moves from the positive electrodes (anodes) to the
cathodes under the effect of the EO and EM forces.
Electrode selection is important, since many metal or
carbon anodes rapidly dissolve after contact with
strong oxidants. When the removal of a contaminant
is not feasible, the metal can be stabilized in-situ by
injecting stabilizing agents or creating an
electrokinetic "fence" (reactive treatment wall) that
reacts with and immobilizes the contaminants.
Process Control System
Cathode
BASE FRONT
* and/or CATHODIC
PROCESS FLUID
Electrokinetic Remediation Process
Page 40
The SHE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
Electrokinetic soil processing extracts heavy metals,
radionuclides,and other inorganic contaminants below
their solubility limits. During bench-scale testing, the
technology has removed arsenic, benzene, cadmium,
chromi-um, copper, ethylbenzene, lead, mercury,
nickel, phenol, trichloroethylene, toluene, xylene, and
zinc from soils. Bench-scale studies under the SITE
Emerging Technology Program demonstrated the
feasibility of removing uranium and thorium from
kaolinite.
Limited pilot-scale field tests resulted in lead and
copper removal from clays and saturated and
unsaturated sandy clay deposits. Treatment efficiency
depended on the specific chemicals, their
concentrations, and the buffering capacity of the soil.
The technique proved 85 to 95 percent efficientwhen
removing phenol at concentrations of 500 parts per
million (ppm). In addition, removal efficiencies for
lead, chromium, cadmium, and uranium at levels up to
2,000 microgramsper gram ranged between 75 and 98
percent.
STATUS:
Based on results from the Emerging Technology
Program, the electrokinetic technology was invited in
1994 to participate in the SITE Demonstration
Program. For further information on the pilot-scale
system, refer to the Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-95/504), which is available from
EPA.The SITE demonstration began in July 1995 at an
inactive firing range at the Fort Polk Army
Ammunition Reservation in Louisiana. The soil at the
site is contaminated with lead, copper, and zinc, which
have accumulated over several decades.
Concentrations of lead in the sandy clay soil range
from 1,000 to 5,000 ppm and are less than 100 ppm at
a 3-foot depth. A 20-foot by 60-foot area was
remediated to a depth of 3 feet. This demonstration
represents the first comprehensive study in the United
States of an in situ electrokinetic separation
technology applied to heavy metals in soils.
Electrokinetics Inc. received the 1996 SBIR Phase II
Quality Award from the Department of Defense for its
technical achievement on this project.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7571
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
El if Chiasson
Electrokinetics, Inc.
11552 Cedar Park Ave.
Baton Rouge, LA 70809
225-753-8004
Fax: 225-753-0028
E-mail: chiasson@pipeline.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 41
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ENERGIA, INC.
(Reductive Photo-Dechlorination Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Reductive Photo-Dechlorination (RPD) treatment
uses ultraviolet (UV) light in a reducing atmosphere
and at moderate temperatures to treat waste streams
containingchlorinatedhydrocarbons(CIHC). Because
CIHCs are destroyed in a reducing environment, the
only products are hydrocarbons and hydrogen chloride
(HC1).
The RPD process is depicted in the figure below. The
process consists of five main units: (1) input/mixer (2)
photo-thermal chamber(3)HCl scrubber (4) separator
and (5) products storage and recycling. Chlorinated
wastes may be introduced into the process in one of
three ways: vapor, liquid, or bound to an adsorbent,
such as activated carbon.
Air laden with chlorocarbon vapors is first passed
through a condenser, which removes chlorinated
materials as liquids. Chlorocarbon liquids are fed into
a vaporizer, mixed with a reducing gas, and passed
into the photo-thermal chamber. Chlorinated contami-
nants adsorbed onto activated carbon are purged with
reducing gas and mildly heated to induce vaporization.
The ensuing vapors are then fed into the photo-thermal
chamber.
The photo-thermal chamber is the heart of the RPD
process because all reactions central to the process
occur in this chamber. Saturated, olefmic, or aromatic
chlorocarbons with one ormorecarbon-chlorinebonds
are exposed to UV light, heat, and a reducing
atmosphere, such as hydrogen gas or methane.
According to ENERGIA, Inc., carbon-chlorine bonds
are broken, resulting in chain-propagating
hydrocarbon reactions. Chlorine atoms are eventually
stabilized as HC1, which is easily removed in a
scrubber. Hydrocarbons may hold their original
structures, rearrange, cleave, couple, or go through
additional hydrogenation. Hydrocarbons produced
from the dechlorination of wastes include ethane,
acetylene, ethene, and methane. Valuable
hydrocarbon products can be stored, sold, orrecycled
as auxiliary fuel to heat the photo-thermal chamber.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The RPD process is designed specifically to treat
volatile chlorinated wastes in the liquid, gaseous, or
adsorbed states. The RPD process was tested on
methyl chloride, dichloromethane(DCM), chloroform,
carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethane (TCA),
dichloroethene (PCE), and trichloroethene (TCE).
Field applications include treatment of organic wastes
discharged from soil vapor extraction operations,
vented from industrial hoods and stacks, and adsorbed
on activated carbon. The process can be used to (1)
treat gas streams containing chlorinated hydrocarbons,
and (2) pretreat gas streams entering catalytic
oxidation systems by reducing chlorine content and
protecting the catalyst against poisoning.In
comparison to other photo-thermal processes (such as
reductive photo-thermal oxidation [RPTO] and photo-
Reducing Gas
Reducing Gas
Make-up
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination (RPD) Treatment
Page 42
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
thermal oxidation [PTO]), the RPD process is mostly
applicable to streams without air and very high
concentrations of contaminants (bulkdown to greater
than 1 percent). At very low concentrations (parts per
million) and in the presence of air, the other photo-
thermal processes may more cos- effective.
STATUS:
Bench-scale experiments were conducted on several
contaminants (such as DCM, DCE, TCA, and TCE).
Measurementsofconcentrationsof parent compounds
and products as a function of residence time were
obtained at several test conditions. From these
measurements, conversion and dechlorination
efficiencies were determined at optimal operating
conditions.
Experimental results on a representative chlorocarbon
contaminant (TCA) are available in the Emerging
Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/508). Greater
than 99 percent conversion and dechlorination were
demonstrated with high selectivity towards two
saleable hydrocarbon products, ethane and methane.
Similar favorable results were obtained for other
saturated and unsaturated chlorocarbons treated by the
RPD process.
Results of a cost analysis based on experimental data
indicate that the RPD process is extremely cost
competitive. For example, the cost of treating TCE
concentrations of 1,000 ppm and 10,000 ppm is $ 1.10
and $0.25 per pound treated, respectively. The cost
per 1,000 cubic feet of contaminated stream with
1,000 ppm is $0.38 and $0.88, respectively.
All technical data have been gathered and optimization
has been completed. Design and assembly of a pilot-
scale prototype are underway. The field
demonstration may take place during 1999. The
developer is seeking appropriate sites for field
demonstration. After successful demonstration, the
RPD process will be ready for full-scale
commercialization.
The RPD technology has successfully completed the
bench-scale developmental stage. Results are
documented in the Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-94/508). Experimental results on a
representative chlorocarbon contaminant (TCA) have
demonstrated greater than 99% conversion and
dechlorination, with high selectivity towards two
saleable hydrocarbon products, ethane and methane.
Similar favorable results have been obtained for other
saturated and unsaturated chlorocarbons treated by the
RPD process. Preliminary cost analysis shows that the
process is extremely cost-competitive with other
remedial processes; the estimated cost is less than $1
per pound of treated chlorocarbon. Based on the
bench-scale results, a pilot-scale prototype unit has
been designed and constructed. Currently, Energia is
seeking funds to demonstrate the RPD technology with
the pilot-scale system. After a successful pilot-scale
demonstration the RPD technology will be available
for commercialization.
These processes will be available for
commercialization after the completion of the field
demonstration.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Michelle Simon
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7469 Fax: 513-569-7676
e-mail: simon.michelle@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Dr. Moshe Lavid
Energia, Inc.
P.O. Box 470
Princeton, NJ 08542-470
609-799-7970 Fax: 609-799-0312
e-mail: LavidEnergia@msn.com
The SITE Program assesses but does Dot
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 43
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ENERGIA, INC.
(Reductive Thermal and Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes
for Enhanced Conversion of Chlorocarbons)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Two innovative processes, Reductive Thermal
Oxidation (RTO) and Reductive Photo-Thermal
Oxidation (RPTO), are designed to safely and cost-
effectively convert chlorinated hydrocarbons (C1HC)
into environmentally benign and useful materials in
the presence of a reducing atmosphere. Both
processes have evolved from Energia, Inc.'s,
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination (RPD) technology,
which does not permit the presence of air (oxygen).
The RTO/RPTO processes treat air streams laden with
CIHCs. RTO converts ClHCs at moderate
temperatures by cleaving carbon-chlorine bonds in the
absence of ultraviolet light. RPTO operates under
similar conditions but in the presence of ultraviolet
light. Subsequent reactions between ensuing radicals
and the reducing gas result in chain-propagation
reactions. The presence of air (oxygen) during the
conversion process acceleratesthe overall reaction rate
without significant oxidation. The final products are
useful hydrocarbons (HC) and environmentally safe
materials, including hydrogen chloride, carbon
dioxide, and water.
The RTO/RPTO processes are shown in the figure
below. The process consists of six main units: (1)
input/mixer (2) photo-thermal chamber (3) scrubber
(4) separator (5) product storage/sale and (6)
conventional catalytic oxidation unit. Air laden with
CIHCs is mixed with reducing gas and passed into a
photo-thermal chamber, which is unique to the
RTO/RPTO technology. In this chamber, the mixture
is heated to moderate temperatures to sustain the
radical chain reactions. Depending on the physical
and chemical characteristics of the particular CIHCs
being treated, conversion can take place in two ways:
the RTO process is purely thermal, and the RPTO
process is photo-thermal. After suitable residence
time, HC1 is removed by passing the stream through an
aqueous scrubber. The stream can then be treated in
an optional second stage, or it can be separated and
sent to storage.
Excess reducing gas is recycled, and residual CIHCs,
HCs, and CO2 are either exhausted, or if needed,
treated by catalytic oxidation. Volatile hydrocarbons
can also be recycled as an energy source for process
heating, if partial oxidation at the photo-thermal
chamber does not generate enough heat.
Reducing Gas
Reductive Thermal Oxidation (RTO)
and Photo-Thermal Oxidation (RPTO) Process
Page 44
The SUE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology is designed to remove volatile
hydrocarbons from air streams. Field applications
include direct treatment of air streams contaminated
with chlorocarboris, wastes discharged from soil vapor
extraction or vented from industrial hoods and stacks,
and those absorbed on granularactivatedcarbon. MX.
ENERGIA, Inc., claims that the process can also be
applicable for in situ treatment of sites containing
contaminated surface waters and groundwaters. The
process has not yet been tested on these sites.
STATUS
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1994. Laboratory-scale
tests were conducted on two saturated CIHCs
(dichloromethane and trichloroethane) and on two
representatives of unsaturated CIHCs (1,2-
dichloroethene and trichloroethene). The RTO/RPTO
processes have demonstrated 99% or more
conversion/dechlorination with high selectivity
towards saleable hydrocarbon products (methane and
ethane). Based on these results, a pilot-scale prototype
has been designed and constructed. Preliminary pilot-
scale tests have been performed and the results are
very encouraging. Currently, funds are sought for a
comprehensive field demonstration with the pilot-scale
system, followed by performance evaluation and cost
analysis.
These processes will be available for
commercialization after the completion of the field
demonstration.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Michelle Simon
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7469
Fax:513-569-7676
E-mail: simon.michelle@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Dr. Moshe Lavid
Energia, Inc.
P.O. Box 470
Princeton, NJ 08542-470
609-799-7970
Fax:609-799-0312
E-mail: LavidEnergia@msn.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 45
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ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH CORPORATION
(Reactor Filter System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Energy and Environmental Research Corporation
(EER) Reactor Filter System (RFS) technology is
designed to control gaseous and entrained participate
matter emissions from the primary thermal treatment
of sludges, soils, and sediments. Most Superfund sites
are contaminated with toxic organic chemicals and
metals. Currently available thermal treatment systems
for detoxifying these materials release products of
incomplete combustion (PIC) and volatile toxic
metals. Also, the large air pollution control devices
(APCD) often required to control PICs and metals are
generally not suitable for transport to remote
Superfund sites. EER designed the RFS to avoid some
of these logistical problems. The RFS uses a fabric
filter installed immediately downstream of the thermal
treatment process to control toxic metals, particulates,
and unburned organic species.
The RFS involves the following three steps:
• First, solids are thermally treated with a primary
thermal process, such as a rotary kiln, fluidized
bed, or other system designed for thermal
treatment.
• Next, a low-cost, aluminosilicatesorbent, such as
kaolinite, is injected into the flue gases at
temperaturesnearl,300°C(2,370°F). Thesorbent
reacts with volatile metal species such as lead,
cadmium, and arsenic in the gas stream and
chemically adsorbs onto the surfaces of the
sorbentparticles. This adsorbtionforms insoluble,
nonleachablealumino-silicate complexes similar to
cementitious species.
• Finally, high-temperature fabric filtration,
operatingattemperaturesupto 1,000°C (1,830°F),
provides additional residence time for the
sorbent/metal reaction to produce nonleachable
Reactor Filter System
Exhaust
ID Fans
Example Application of RFS Equipment
Page 46
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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by-products. This step also provides additional time
for destruction of organic compounds associated with
particulate matter, reducing ash toxicity. Because of
the established link between PIC formation and gas-
particle chemistry, this process can virtually eliminate
potential polychlorinated dioxin formation.
The RFS may improve the performance of existing
thermal treatment systems for Superfund wastes
containing metals and organics. During incineration,
hazardous organics are often attached to the particulate
matter that escapes burning in the primary zone. The
RFS provides sufficient residence time at sufficiently
high temperatures to destroy such organics. Also, by
increasing gas-solid contact parameters, the system
can decrease metal emissions by preventing the release
of metals as vapors or retained on entrained particles.
The figure on the previous page shows the RFS
installed immediately downstream of the primary
thermal treatment zone at EER's Spouted Bed
Combustion Facility. Because the spouted bed
generates a highly particulate-ladengas stream, a high-
temperature cyclone is used to remove coarse
particulate matter upstream of the RFS. Sorbent is
injected into the flue gas upstream of the high
temperature fabric filter. A conventional baghouse is
available for comparison with RFS performance
during the demonstration. However, the baghouse is
not needed in typical RFS applications since the high-
temperature filtration medium has shown similar
performance to conventional fabric filtration media.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The RFS is designed to remove entrained particulates,
volatile toxic metals, and condensed-phase organics
present in high-temperature (800 to 1,000°C) gas
streams generated from the thermal treatment of
contaminated soils, sludges, and sediments. Many
conventional treatments can be combined with the
RFS technology. Process residuals will consist of
nonleachable particulates that are essentially free of
organic compounds, thus reducing toxicity, handling
risks, and landfill disposal.
STATUS:
The RFS was accepted into the Emerging Technology
Program in 1993. EER developed the pilot-scale
process through a series of bench-scale screening
studies, which were completed in September 1994.
These screening studies guided the sorbent selection
and operating conditions for the pilot-scale
demonstration. The tests were completed in June
1996.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Steven Rock
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7149
Fax:513-569-7105
e-mail: rock.steven@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Neil Widmer
Energy and Environmental
Research Corporation
18 Mason Street
Irvine, CA 92618
949-859-8851
Fax:949-859-3194
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 47
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ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH CORPORATION
(Hybrid Fluidized Bed System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Hybrid Fluidized Bed (HFB) system treats
contaminated solids and sludges by incinerating
organic compounds and extracting and detoxifying
volatile metals. The system consists of three stages:
a spouted bed, a fluidized afterburner, and a high-
temperature paniculate soil extraction system.
First, the spouted bed rapidly heats solids and sludges
to allow extraction of volatile organic and inorganic
compounds. The spouted bed retains larger soil
clumps until they are reduced in size but allows fine
material to quickly pass through. This segregation
process is beneficial because organic contaminants in
fine particles vaporize rapidly. The decontamination
time for large particles is longerdue to heat and mass
transfer limitations.
The central spouting region is operated with an inlet
gas velocity of greater than 1 SOfeet per second. This
velocity creates an abrasion and grinding action,
rapidly reducing the size of the feed materials through
attrition. The spouted bed operates between 1,500 and
1,700°F under oxidizing conditions.
Organic vapors, volatile metals, and fine soil particles
are carried from the spouted bed through an open-hole
type distributor, which forms the bottom of the second
stage, the fluidized bed afterburner. The afterburner
provides sufficient retention time and mixing to
incinerate the organic compounds that escape the
spouted bed, resulting in a destruction and removal
efficiency of greater than 99.99 percent. In addition,
the afterburner contains bed materials that absorb
metal vapors, capture fine particles, and promote
formation of insoluble metal silicates. The bed
materials are typically made of silica-supported
bauxite, kaolinite, or lime.
In the third stage, the high-temperature particulars soil
extraction system removes clean processed soil from
the effluent gas stream with one or two hot cyclones.
The clean soil is extracted hot to prevent unreacted
volatile metal species from condensing in the soil.
Off-gases are then quenched and passed through a
conventional baghouse to capture the condensed metal
vapors.
Generally, material handling problems create major
operational difficulties for soil cleanup devices. The
HFB system uses a specially designed auger feed
system. Solids and sludges are dropped through a lock
hopper system into an auger shredder, which is a
rugged, low-revolutions-per-minute,feeding-grinding
device. Standard augers are simple and reliable, but
are susceptible to clogging from feed compression in
the auger. In the HFB system, the auger shredder is
close coupled to the spouted bed to reduce
compression and clump formation during feeding.
The close-couple arrangement locates the tip of the
auger screw several inches from the internal surface of
the spouted bed, preventing soil plug formation.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology is applicable to soils and sludges
contaminated with organic and volatile inorganic
contaminants. Nonvolatile inorganics are not affected.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in January 1990. Design and
construction of the commercial prototype HFB system
and a limited shakedown are complete. The Emerging
Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F- 93/508) is available
from EPA.
Page 48
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Teri Richardson
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7949
Fax:513-569-7105
e-mail: richardson.teri@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Richard Koppang
Energy and Environmental Research
Corporation
18 Mason Street
Irvine, CA 92718
949-859-8851
Fax:949-859-3194
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 49
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGIES, ING.
(Microbial Composting Process)
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
are
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
widespread pollutants found at creosote wood
treatmentsites and at manufacturing gas plants (MGP).
Environmentscontaminated with these compounds are
considered hazardous due to the potential carcinogenic
effects of specific PAHs.
Environmental Biotechnologies, Inc. (EBT),
investigated the bioremediation of contaminants
associated with former MGP sites in a program
cosponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute
and the EPA. Initially, EBT screened over 500 fungal
cultures (mostly brown and white rot fungi) for their
ability to degrade PAHs and other organic pollutants.
A group of 30 cultures were more intensely examined
and several cultures were optimized for use in a soil
composting process.
EBT conducted bench-scale treatability studies to
assess the feasibility of PAH degradation in soil using
a fungal augmented system designed to enhance the
natural bioprocess. Results of one study are shown in
the figure below. Concentrations of 10 PAHs were
determined over a 59-day treatment period.
Some states have a soil treatment standard of 100 parts
per million for total PAHs. EBT's fungal treatment
process was able to reach this cleanup standard within
a 5- to 6-week treatment period for one PAH-
contaminated soil, as shown in the figure on the next
page.
One intended environmental application for this
technology is the treatment of soil and sediment
contaminated with coal tar wastes from former MGP
sites. Soils at these sites are contaminated with PAHs
and are difficult to remediate cost-effectively. EBT's
fungal soil treatment process is projected to cost $66
to $80 per ton, which is more cost-effectivethan other
technical approaches such as coburning in utility
burners, thermal desorption, and incineration that are
being considered by utility companies.
STATUS:
EBT was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in 1993 and began laboratory
studies in 1994. The project was completed in 1996.
The overall project objectives were to (1) identify
fungal and bacterial cultures that efficiently degrade
coal tar wastes, and (2) develop and demonstrate a
pilot-scale process that can be commercialized for
utility industry applications.
EBT initially worked with PAH-spiked water and
soils. EBT then tested, under optimized conditions,
selected soil cultures from several MGP sites
identified by New England Electric Services, a utility
company sponsor. Testing identified several possibly
superior fungal cultures to degrade PAHs. These
cultures exhibited degradative preferences for either
lower molecular weight or higher molecular weight
PAHs, suggesting a consortia as a possible best
Fungal Degradation of Five PAHs in Soil Over A 59-Day Period
Page 50
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
approach. These cultures were then examined in
nutrient-supplemented systems to determine optimal
PAH degradation rates.
A bench-scale composter system was used to
determine optimal moisture content, soil amendment
requirements, and inoculation procedures for
accelerating degradation of PAHs. During the second
year, small (less than 1 cubic yard) plots of MGP-site
soil were used to test the optimized process in
laboratory studies before a field demonstration is
conducted. Results from the evaluation were
published by EPA in 1997.
EBT has also conducted a bench-scale treatability
study for a company in France to determine the
feasibility of fungal PAH degradation in MGP soil.
Results demonstrated an increased rate of
biodegradation in the fungal-augmented system for all
of the measured individual PAH compounds in the 80-
day treatment period, compared with the natural,
unamended system.
February 2003
Completed Project
EBT conducted another lab study on oil refinery
wastes which contained PAHs. the fungal composting
process was able to remove 90% of the PAHs in an 18
week period. Based on the results obtained during the
Emerging Technology Program stage, EBT's fungal
technology has been accepted into the U.S. EPA SITE
Demonstration Program.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7105
E-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Douglas Munnecke
Environmental BioTechnoIogies, Inc.
255 South Guild Avenue
Lodi, CA 95240
209-333-4575
Fax: 209-333-4572
E-mail: dmunnecke(5)e b t.com
600
-h
50
10 * TimeC^s, 40 50 60
Degradation of Total PAHs In Soil
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 51
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
FERRO CORPORATION
(Waste Vitrification Through Electric Melting)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Vitrification technology converts contaminated soils,
sediments, and sludges into oxideglasses, chemically
rendering them nontoxic and suitable for landfilling as
nonhazardous materials. Successful vitrification of
soils, sediments, and sludges requires (1) development
of glass compositions tailored to a specific waste, and
(2) glass meltingtechnology that can convertthe waste
and additives into a stable glass without producing
toxic emissions.
In an electric melter, glass — an ionic conduc-tor of
relatively high electrical resistivity — stays molten
with joule heating. Such melters process waste under
a relatively thick blanket of feed material, which forms
a counterflow scrubber that limits volatile emissions
(see figure below).
Commercial electric melters have significantly
reduced the loss of inorganic volatile constituents such
as boric anhydride (B2O3) or lead oxide (PbO).
Because of its low emission rate and small volume of
exhaust gases, electric melting is a promising
technology for incorporating waste into a stable glass
matrix.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
Vitrification stabilizes inorganic components found in
hazardous waste. In addition, the high temperature
involved in glass production (about 1,500 °C)
decomposes organics such as anthracene, bis(2-
ethylhexyl phthalate), and pentachlorophenol in the
waste. The decomposition products can easily be
removed from the low volume of melter off-gas.
GLASS-MAKING
MATERIALS
Electrode
MOLTEN GLASS
>1500°C)
Steel
FRIT, MARBLES, etc.
STABLE
GLASS
Electric Furnace Vitrification
I
DISPOSAL
Page 52
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
STATUS:
Under the Emerging Technology Program, synthetic
soil matrix IV (SSM-IV) has been developed and
subjected to toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
(TCLP) testing.
Ten independent replicates of the preferred
composition produced the following results:
Metal
As
Cd
Cr
Cu
Pb
Ni
Zn
TCLP analyte concentration,
parts per million
Remediation
Limit
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
Mean of Glass
Replicates
<0. 1 00
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
(Chemical and Biological Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) chemical and
biological treatment (CBT) process remediates
sludges, soils, groundwater, and surface water
contaminated with organic pollutants, such as
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and
polychlorinated biphenyls (see photograph below).
The treatment system combines two remedial
techniques: (1) chemical oxidation as pretreatment,
and (2) biological treatment using aerobic and
anaerobic biosystems in sequence or alone, depending
on the waste. The CBT process uses mild chemical
treatment to produce intermediates that are
biologically degraded, reducing the cost and risk
associated with a more severe treatment process such
as incineration.
During the pretreatment stage, the contaminated
material is treated with a chemical reagent that
degrades the organics to carbon dioxide, water, and
partially oxidized intermediates. In the second stage
of the CBT process, biological systems degrade the
hazardous residual materialsand the partially oxidized
intermediates from the first stage. Chemically treated
wastes are subjectedto cycles of aerobic and anaerobic
degradation if aerobic or anaerobic treatment alone is
not sufficient. Several cycles of chemical and
biological treatment are also used for extremely
recalcitrant contaminants.
Chemical and Biological Treatment Process
Page 54
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
The CBT process can be applied to soils, sludges,
groundwater, and surface water containing (1) high
waste concentrations that would typically inhibit
bioremediation, or (2) low waste concentrations for
which bioremediation alone is too slow. The process
is not adversely affected by radionuclides or heavy
metals. Depending on the types of heavy metals
present, these metals will bioaccumulate in the
biomass, complex with organic or inorganic material
in the soil slurries, or solubilize in the recycledwater.
The CBT process can be applied to a wide range of
organic pollutants, including alkenes, chlorinated
alkenes,aromatics, substituted aromatics,and complex
aromatics.
STATUS:
IGT evaluated the CBT process for 2 years under the
SITE Emerging Technology Program. The Emerging
Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F- 94/540), which
details results from the evaluation, is available from
EPA. Based on results from the Emerging Technology
Program, this technology was invited to participate in
the SITE Demonstration Program.
Under the SITE Demonstration Program, IGT plans to
conduct a full-scale demonstration of the CBT process
on sediments containing PAHs. Different operating
scenarios will be used to demonstratehow effectively
the CBT process treats sediments in a bioslurry
reactor. Several sites are being considered for the
demonstration.
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
e-mail: parker.randy@epa..gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Tom Hayes
Institute of Gas Technology
1700 South Mount Prospect Road
Des Plaines, IL 60018-1804
847-768-0722
Fax:847-768-0516
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 55
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
(Fluid Extraction-Biological Degradation Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The three-step fluid extraction-biological degradation
(FEBD) process removes organic contaminants from
soil (see figure below). The process combines three
distinct technologies: (1) fluid extraction, which
removes the organics from contaminated solids;
(2) separation, which transfers the pollutants from the
extract to a biologically compatible solvent or
activated carbon carrier; and (3) biological
degradation, which destroys the pollutants and leaves
innocuous end-products.
In the fluid extraction step, excavated soilsare placed
in a pressure vessel and extracted with a recirculated
stream of supercritical or near-supercritical carbon
dioxide. An extraction cosolvent may be added to
enhance the removal of additional contaminants.
During separation, organic contaminants are
transferred to a biologically compatible separation
solvent such as water or a water-methanol mixture.
The separation solvent is then sent to the final stage of
the process, where bacteria degrade the waste to
carbon dioxide and water. Clean extraction solvent is
then recycled for use in the extraction stage.
Organic contaminants are biodegraded in aboveground
aerobic bioreactors, using mixtures of bacterial
cultures capable of degrading the contaminants.
Selection of cultures is based on site contaminant
characteristics. For example, if a site is mainly
contaminatedwithpolynucleararomatichydrocarbons
(PAH), cultures able to metabolize or cometabolize
these hydrocarbons are used. The bioreactors can be
configured to enhance the rate and extent of
biodegradation.
Pressure
Reducing
Valve
Contaminated
Soil
Extraction Solvent
with Contaminants
Separation
Solvent
Stage 2
SEPARATION
Decontaminated
Soil
Extraction
Solvent
Recycled
or Cleaned
Extraction
Sotverrt
Separation Solvents
with Contaminants
Stage3
BIOLOGICAL
DEGRADATION
Water, Carbon
Dioxide, and
Biomass
Fluid Extraction-Biological Degradation Process
Page 56
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Proiect
Research continues on using bound activated carbon in
a carrier system during the separation step. Bound
activated carbon should allow high- pressure
conditions to be maintained in the fluid extraction step,
enhancing extraction efficiency and decreasing
extraction time. Bound activated carbon should also
limit the loss of carbon dioxide, thereby decreasing
costs. The activated carbon containing the bound
PAHs could then be treated in the biodegradation step
by converting the carrier system to a biofilm reactor.
These activated carbon carrier systems could then be
recycled into the high-pressure system of the
extraction and separation steps.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology removes organic compounds from
contaminated solids. It is more effective on some
classes of organics, such as hydrocarbons (for
example, gasoline and fuel oils) than on others, such as
halogenated solvents and polychlorinated biphenyls.
The process has also been effective in treating
nonhalogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and PAHs.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in June 1990. The Institute of
Gas Technology has evaluated all three stages of the
technology with soils from a Superfund site and from
three town gas sites. These soils exhibited a variety of
physical and chemical characteristics. Approximately
85 to 99 percent of detectable PAHs, includingtwo- to
six^ring compounds, were removed from the soils.
The measurable PAHs were biologically converted in
both batch-fed and continuously fed, constantly stirred
tank reactors. The conversion rate and removal
efficiency were high in all systems. The PAHs were
biologicallyremovedortransformed at short hydraulic
retention times. All PAHs, including four- to six-ring
compounds, were susceptible to biological removal.
Results from this project were published in the
Emerging Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/501),
which is available from EPA. An article was
submitted to the Journal of Air and Waste
Management.
Potential users of this technology have expressed
interest in continuing research. This technology has
been invited to participate in the SITE Demonstration
Program. The technology would be able to remediate
town gas sites, wood treatment sites, and other
contaminated soils and sediments.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Valdis Kukainis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7955
Fax:513-569-7620
e-mail: kukainis.valdis@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Robert Paterek
Institute of Gas Technology
1700 South Mount Prospect Road
Des Plaines, IL 60018-1804
847-768-0722
Fax:847-768-0516
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 57
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
(Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic Agglomerating Combustor)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) has developed
a two-stage, fluidized-bed/cjclonic agglomerating
combustor (AGGCOM) based on a combination of
IGT technologies. In the combined system, solid,
liquid, and gaseous organic wastes can be efficiently
destroyed. Solid, nonvolatile, inorganic contaminants
are combined within a glassy matrix consisting of
discrete pebble-sized agglomerates that are suitable for
disposal in a landfill or use as an aggregate.
The first stage of the combustor is an agglomerating
fluidized-bed reactor, which can operate under
substoichiometric conditions or with excess air. This
system can operate from low temperature (desorption)
to high temperature (agglomeration). This system
canalso gasify materials with high calorific values (for
example, municipal solid wastes). With a unique fuel
and air distribution, most of the fluidized bed is
maintained at 1,500° to 2,000°F, while the central hot
zone temperature can be varied between 2,000° and
3,000°F.
When contaminated soils and sludges are fed into the
fluidized bed, the combustible fractionof the waste is
rapidly gasified and combusted. The solid fraction,
containing inorganic and metallic contaminants,
undergoes a chemical transformation in the hot zone
and is agglomerated into glassy pellets. These pellets
are essentially nonleachable under the conditions of
the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP).
The product gas from the fluidized bed may contain
unburned hydrocarbons, furans, dioxins, and carbon
monoxide, as well as carbon dioxide and water, the
products of complete combustion.
AGGCOM Pilot Plant
Page 58
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
The product gas from the fluidized bed is fed into the
second stage of the combustor, where it is further
combusted at a temperature of 1,800° to 2,400°F. The
second stage is a high-intensity cyclonic combustor
and separator that provides sufficient residence time
(0.25 second) to oxidize carbon monoxide and organic
compounds to carbon dioxide and water vapor. This
stage has a combined destruction and removal
efficiency of greater than 99.99 percent. Volatilized
metals are collected downstream in the flue gas
scrubber condensate.
The two-stage AGGCOM process is based on IGT's
experience with other fluidized-bed and cyclonic
combustion systems. The patented sloping-grid design
and ash discharge port in this process were initially
developed for IGT's U-GAS coal gasification process.
The cyclonic combustor and separator is a
modification of IGT's low-emissions combustor.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The two-stage AGGCOM process can destroy organic
contaminants in gaseous, liquid, and solid wastes,
including soils and sludges. Gaseous wastes can be
fired directly into the cyclonic combustor. Liquid,
sludge, and solid wastes can be co-fired directly into
the fluidized bed. Solid particles must be less than
about 6 millimetersto support fluidized bed operation;
therefore, certain wastes may require grinding or
pulverization prior to remediation.
Because the solid components in the waste are heated
above fusion temperature during the agglomeration
process, metals and other inorganic materials are
encapsulated and immobilized within the glassy
matrix.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1990. Tests conducted in
the batch, 6-inch-diameter fluidized bed have
demonstrated that agglomerates can be formed from
the soil. The agglomerates, produced at several
different operating conditions from soil spiked with
lead and chromium compounds, passed the TCLP test
for leachability.
A pilot-scale combustor with a capacity of 6 tons per
day has been constructed (see photograph on previous
page), and testing has produced samples of
agglomerated soil. Future testing will focus on
sustained and continuous operation of the pilot-scale
plant using different types of soil, as well as other
feedstocks. Tests with organic and inorganic
hazardous waste surrogates admixed with the feed soil
will also be conducted. A final report on the project
has been submitted to EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Valdis Kukanis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7955
Fax:513-569-7679
e-mail: kukainis.valdis@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Amir Rehmat
Gas Technology Institute
1700 South Mount Prospect Road
DesPIaines,IL60018-1804
847-544-0588
Fax: 847-544-0501
E-mail: amir. rehmat@ gastechnology. ore
Michael Mensinger
Endesco Services, Inc.
1700 South Mount Prospect Road
Des Plaines, IL 60018-1804
847-544-0602
Fax: 847-544-0534
E-mail: mensinger@endesco.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 59
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
(Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Institute of Gas Technology's (IGT) Supercritical
Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation (SELPhOx)
process (see figure below) removes organic
contaminants from soils and sludges and destroys
them. SELPhOx combines two processing steps: (1)
supercritical extraction (SCE) of organic contaminants,
and (2) wet air oxidation (WAO) of the extracted
contaminants. The two-step process, linked by a
contaminant collection stage, offers great flexibility
for removing and destroying both high and low
concentrations of organic contaminants.
Combining SCE and WAO in a single two-step
process allows development of a highly efficient and
economical process for remediating contaminated
soils. Supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide
(CO2) removes organic contaminants from the soil
while leaving much of the original soil organic matrix
in place. The contaminants are collected on activated
carbon in a contaminant collection vessel. The
activated carbon with sorbed contaminants is then
transported in an aqueous stream to a WAO reactor for
destruction. Concentrating the organic contaminants
on activated carbon in water provides a suitable matrix
for the WAO feed stream and improves process
economics by decreasing WAO reactor size. The
activated carbon is regenerated in the WAO reactor
with minimal carbon loss and can be recycled to the
contaminant collection vessel.
The SELPhOx process requires only water, air,
makeup activated carbon, and the extractant (CO2).
Primary treatmentproducts include cleaned soil, water,
nitrogen (from the air fed to the WAO step), and CO2.
Organic sulfur, nitrogen, and chloride compounds that
may be present in the original soil or sludge matrix are
EXTRACTION
WET AIR OXIDATION
CONTAMINATED
SOIL
AIR OR
OXYGEN
CARBON FOR
RECYCLE
VESSEL HEATERS
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation (SELPhOx) Process
Page 60
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
February 2003
Completed Project
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER-
Vald;s R. Kukainis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7955
Fax:513-569-7879
e-mail; kukainis.valdis@epa.gov
ENDESCO Services, Inc.
1700 South Mount Prospect Road
Fax: 847-544-0534
e-mail: mensinger@endesco.com
~ Pr°gram assesses but d™ not
appwre or endorse technofo
Page 61
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n ^^ TprHNOT/lGY PROGRAM
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The
hairier separates peculates in a high
gas flow- The ^V°ff££
acoustic waveform directed against the gas wow,
lempeiiuui^iinvi-e,- - p.fitprine the
ri TT_,»
.-«.
in
the process stream.
The eas flows past the acoustic source and leaves the
necessary before it is discharged.
fouling.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
SCRUBBER
AGGLOMERATION
SEGMENT
SEPARATION
CHAMBER
INLET
GAS "
SOLIDS
Acoustic Barrier Paniculate Separator
The SITE Program assesses but does not
e or endorse technolog.es.
Page 62
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February 2003
Completed Project
condensation onto participates. Applications include
removal of gas-borne solids during thermal treatment
of semivolatile organics, such as polychlorinated
biphenyls, and gas-phase separation of radioactive
particles from condensible hazardous materials.
STATUS:
The acoustic barrier particulate separator was accepted
into the SITE Emerging Technology Program in 1993.
The principal objective of this project will be to
design, construct, and test a pilot-scaleacoustic barrier
particulate separator that is suitable for parallel
arrangement into larger systems. The separator will be
designed for a flow of 300 cubic feet per minute and
will be tested using a simulated flue gas composed of
heated gas and injected dust.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
E-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Anthony Gattuso
General Atomics
Nuclear Remediation Technologies Division
MS 2/633
P.O. Box 85608
San Diego, CA 92186-9784
858-455-3000 ext. 2910
Fax: 858-455-3621
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 63
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
GEO-MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Metals Release and Removal from Wastes)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Geo-Microbial Technologies, Inc., has developed an
anaerobic biotreatment technology to release metals
from liquefaction catalyst wastes. Such wastes are
derived from spent coal and are also contaminated
with complex organic compounds. The anaerobic
metals release (AMR) technology may be adapted to
treat other wastes contaminated with metals.
Current biohydrometallurgy systems use aerobic
acidophilic bacteria, which oxidize mineral sulfides
while making metals soluble and forming large
amounts of acid. This aerobic process can result in
acidic drainage from natural sources of metal sulfides.
For example, acidophilic bacteria convert the pyrite
and iron-containingminerals in coal into oxidized iron
and sulfuric acid. The acid then makes the pyrite and
other sulfide minerals more soluble resulting in stream
and lake contamination due to acidification and an
increase in soluble heavy metals.
The AMR technology operates anaerobically and at a
near-neutral pH, employing anaerobic Thiobacillus
cultures in conjunction with heterotrophic denitrifying
bacterial cultures. The diverse culture of denitrifying
bacteria consumes and treats multiple carbon sources,
including some organic pollutants.
The anaerobic environment can be adjusted by
introducing low levels of nitrate salts that function as
an electron acceptor in the absence of oxygen. The
nitrate salts provide an alternate electron acceptor and
selectively enhance the remineralizationprocessof the
inherent denitrifying microflora.
This process increases the population of the
denitrifying bacterial population that releases the
metals. Soils containing the released metals are then
flooded with the dilute nitrate solutions. The
improved anaerobic leaching solutions permeate the
soils, allowing the microbial activity to make the
metals soluble in the leachate. The nitrate concentra-
tion is adjusted so that the effluent is free of nitrate and
the nitrate concentration is monitored so that the
process operation can be closely controlled. Soluble
metals in the leachate are easily recaptured, and the
metal-free effluent is recycled within the process. The
nitrate-based ecology of the process also has the added
advantage of decreasing levels of sulfate-reducing
bacteria and sulfide generation.
The versatility and low operating constraints of the
AMR technology offer multiple process options. The
technology can be adapted for in situ flooding or
modified to flood a waste pile in a heap-leaching
operation. The elimination of any aeration
requirement also allows the process to be designed and
considered for bioslurry applications. As a result, the
technology offers a greater range of treatment
applications for environmental waste situations that are
often considered difficult to treat.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The AMR technology targets toxic metal-
contaminated soils, sludges, and sediments, which can
also be contaminated with other wastes, including
hydrocarbons and organic pollutants. While metals
are the primary pollutant treated, the biological system
is also designed to degrade and remove associated
organic contaminants.
Page 64
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
STATUS: FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
The technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Technology Program in July 1994. Studies under the Randy Parker
Emerging Technology Program will evaluate how U.S. EPA
effectively the AMR technology removes metals from National Risk Management Research
soil. Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Donald Hitzman
Geo-Microbial Technologies, Inc.
East Main Street
P.O. Box 132
Ochelata,OK 74051
918-535-2281
Fax:918-535-2564
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 65
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
HARDING ESE, A MACTEC COMPANY
(formerly ABB Environmental Services, Inc.)
(Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In Situ Treatment Strategy)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The two-zone, plume interception, in situ treatment
strategy is designed to treat chlorinated and
nonchlorinated organic compounds in saturated soils
and groundwater using a sequence of anaerobic and
aerobic conditions (see figure below). The in situ
anaerobic and aerobic system constitutes a treatment
train that biodegradesa wide assortmentof chlorinated
and nonchlorinated compounds.
When applying this technology, anaerobic and aerobic
conditions are produced in two distinct, hydraulically
controlled, saturated soil zones. Groundwater passes
through each zone as it is recirculated through the
treatment area. The first zone, the anaerobic zone, is
designed to partially dechlorinate highly chlorinated
solvents such as tetrachloroethene (PCE),
trichloroethene(TCE), and 1,1,1-trichloroethanewith
natural biological processes. The second zone, the
aerobic zone, isdesigned to biologically oxidize the
partially dechlorinated products from the first zone, as
well as other compounds that were not susceptible to
the anaerobic treatment phase.
Anaerobic conditions are produced or enhanced in the
first treatment zone by introducing a primary carbon
source, such as lactic acid, and mineral nutrients, such
as nitrogen and phosphorus. When proper anaerobic
conditions are attained, the target contaminants are
reduced. For example, PCE is dechlorinated to TCE,
and TCE is dechlorinated to dichloroethene(DCE) and
vinyl chloride. Under favorable conditions, this
process can completely dechlorinate the organics to
ethene and ethane.
Aerobic conditions are produced or enhanced in the
second treatment zone by introducing oxygen, mineral
nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and
possibly an additional carbon source, such as methane
(if an insufficient supply of methane results from the
upstream, anaerobic zone). When proper aerobic
conditions are attained in this zone, partially
dechlorinated products and other target compounds
from the first zone are oxidized. For example, less-
chlorinated ethenes such as DCE and vinyl chloride
are cometabolized during the aerobic microbiological
degradation of methane.
CONTAMINANT
SOURCE
VADOSE
ZONE
NUTRIENTS.
.1^X OXYGEN
(METHANE}
IMPERMEABLE
LAYER
GROUNDWATER FLOW
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In Situ Treatment Strategy
Page 66
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
The treatment strategy is designed to biologically
remediate subsoils by enhancing indigenous
microorganism activity. If indigenous bacterial
populations do not provide the adequate anaerobic or
aerobic results, specially adapted cultures can be
introduced to the aquifer. These cultures are
introduced using media-filledtrenchesthat can support
added microbial growth.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The two-zone, plume interception, in situ treatment
strategy is designed to treat groundwater and saturated
soils containing chlorinated .and nonchlorinated
organic compounds.
STATUS:
The two-zone, plume interception, in situ treatment
strategy was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1989. Optimal treatment
parameters for field testing were investigated in
bench-scale soil aquifer simulators. The objectives of
bench-scale testing were to (1) determine factors
affecting the development of each zone, (2) evaluate
indigenous bacterial communities, (3) demonstrate
treatment of chlorinated and nonchlorinated solvent
mixtures, and (4) develop a model for the field
remediation design. The Emerging Technology
Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/510), which details the bench-
scale testing results, is available from EPA.
A pilot-scale field demonstration system was installed
at an industrial facility in Massachusetts. Pilot-scale
testing began in September 1996. Results from this
testing indicate the following:
The reductive dechlorination of PCE and TCE to
DCE, VC, and ethene has been accomplished
primarily by sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• A time lag of about 4 months was required before
significant reductive dechlorination occurred.
This corresponded to the time and lactic acid
dosing required to reduce the redox to about -100
throughout the treatment cell.
• Sequential anaerobic-aerobic (Two-Zone)
biodegradation of PCE and its degradation
products appear to be a viable and cost-effective
treatment technology for the enhancement of
natural reductive dechlorination processes.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7143
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Willard Murray
Harding Lawson Associates
107 Audubon Road, Suite 25
Wakefield,MA 01880
781-245-6606
Fax:781-246-5060
e-mail: wmurray@harding.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 67
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
HIGH VOLTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL
APPLICATIONS, INC.
(High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The high-energy electron beam irradiation technology
is a low-temperature method for destroying complex
mixtures of hazardous organic chemicals in hazardous
wastes. These wastes include slurried soils, river or
harbor sediments, and sludges. The technology can
also treat contaminated soils and groundwater.
The figure below illustrates themobile electron beam
treatment system. The system consists of a computer-
automated, portable electron beam accelerator and a
delivery system. The 500-kilovolt electron accelerator
produces a continuously variable beam current from 0
to 40 milliamperes. At full power, the system is rated
at 20 kilowatts. The waste feed rate and beam current
can be varied to obtain doses of up to 2,000 kilorads in
a one-pass, flow-through mode.
The system is trailer-mounted and is completely self-
contained, including a 100-kilowatt generator for
remote locations or line connectors where power is
available. The system requires only a mixing tank to
slurry the treatable solids. The system also includes all
necessary safety checks.
The computerized control system continuously
monitors the waste feed rate, absorbed dose,
accelerator potential, beam current, and all safety
shutdown features. The feed rate is monitored with a
calibrated flow valve. The absorbed dose is estimated
based on the difference in the temperature of the waste
stream before and after irradiation. The system is
equipped with monitoring devices that measure the
waste stream temperature before and afterirradiation.
Both the accelerating potential and the beam current
PUMPING SYSTEM ELECTRON ACCELERATOR
CONTROL ROOM
OFFICBLAB
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AIK LJUUI
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Mobile Electron Beam Treatment System
Page 68
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Proiect
are obtained directly from the transformer. Except for
slurrying, this technology does not require any
pretreatment of wastes.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology treats a variety of organic compounds,
including wood-treating chemicals, pesticides,
insecticides, petroleum residues, and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) in slurried soils, sediments, and
sludges.
STATUS:
High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc.
(HVEA), was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in 1993. Under this program,
HVEA will demonstrate its mobile pilot plant on soils,
sediments, or sludges at various hazardous waste sites.
Candidate sites are being identified. On-site studies
will last up to 2 months.
Initial studies by HVEA have shown that electron
beam irradiation effectively removes 2,4,6-
trinitrotoluene from soil slurries.
As part of the Emerging Technology Program, HVEA
has identified 350 tons of soil contaminated with an
average Aroclor 1260 concentration of about 1,000
milligrams per kilogram. A small 1-ton feasibility
study was conducted in August 1995. After results are
available from the 1-ton study, HVEA plans to make
its mobile unit available for full-scale remediations.
In a recent bench-scale study, a multisource hazardous
waste leachate containing 1 percent dense nonaqueous
phase liquid was successfully treated. In another
bench-scale study, a leachate containing a light
nonaqueous phase liquid contaminated with PCBs was
treated to F039 standards.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Frank Alvarez
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7631
Fax:513-569-7676
e-mail: alvarez.franklin@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
William Cooper
High Voltage Environmental
Applications, Inc.
9562 Doral Boulevard
Miami, FL 33178
305-962-2387
Fax:305-593-0071
e-mail: CooperW@uncwil.edu
Paul Torantore
Haley & Aldrich Inc.
200 Towncentre Drive
Suite 2
Rochester, NY 14623
716-321-4220
Cell 617-901-8460
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 69
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(Batch Steam Distillation and Metal Extraction)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The batch steam distillation and metal extraction
treatment process is a two-stage system that treats soils
contaminated with organics and inorganics. This
system uses conventional, readily available process
equipment and does not produce hazardous
combustion products. Hazardous materials are
separated from soils as concentrates, which can then
be disposed of or recycled. The treated soil can be
returned to the site.
During treatment, waste soil is slurried in water and
heated to 100°C. This heat vaporizes volatile organic
compounds (VOC) and produces an amount of steam
equal to 5 to 10 percent of the slurry volume.
Resulting vapors are condensed and decanted to
separate organic contaminants from the aqueous phase.
Condensed water from this step can be recycled
through the system after soluble organics are removed.
The soil is then transferred as a slurry to the metal
extraction step.
In the metal extraction step, the soil slurry is washed
with hydrochloric acid. Subsequent countercurrent
batch washing with water removes residual acid from
the soil. The solids are then separated from the final
wash solution by gravimetric sedimentation. Most
heavy metals are converted to chloride salts in this
step. The acid extract stream is then routed to a batch
steam distillation system, where excess hydrochloric
acid is recovered (see figure below). Bottoms from the
still, which contain heavy metals, are precipitated as
hydroxide salts and drawn off as a sludge for off-site
disposal or recovery.
As a batch process, this treatment technology is
targeted at sites with less than 5,000 tons of soil
requiring treatment. Processing time depends on
equipment size and batch cycle times; about one batch
of soil can be treated every 4 hours.
Recycle water tram
extraction step
Contaminated Soil
Batch distillation vessel
Organics
Off-site disposal
Steam
stripper
To recycle water
Soil slurry to
metal extraction
or dewatering vessel
Batch Steam Distillation Step
Page 70
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This process may be applied to soils and sludges
contaminated with organics, inorganics, and heavy
metals.
STATUS:
The batch steam distillation and metal extraction
process was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in January 1988. The evaluation
was completed in 1992. The Emerging Technology
Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/509), which details results
from the test, is available from EPA.
Under the program, three pilot-scale tests have been
completed on three soils, for atotal of nine tests. The
removal rates for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and
xylene were greater than 99 percent. The removal
rates for chlorinated solvents ranged from 97 percent
to 99 percent. One acid extraction and two water
washes resulted in a 95 percent removal rate for heavy
metals.. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
tests on the treated soils showed that soils from eight
of the nine tests met leachate criteria. Data were also
collected on the recovery rate for excess acid and the
removal rate for precipitation of heavy metals into a
concentrate.
Estimated treatment costs per ton, including capital
recovery, for the two treatment steps are as follows:
Batch Steam Distillation
500-ton site
2,500-ton site
Metals Extraction
(including acid recovery)
500-ton site
2,500-ton site
$299-393/ton
$266-350/ton
$447-6 19/ton
$396-545/ton
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Stuart Shealy
IT Corporation
312 Directors Drive
Knoxville,TN 37923-4709
865-690-3211
Fax: 865-694-9573
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 71
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(Chelation/Electrodeposition of Toxic Metals from Soils)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
IT Corporation has conducted laboratory-scale
research on an innovative process that removes heavy
metals from contaminated soils and sludges by
forming a soluble chelate. The metals and the
chelating agent are then separated from the soils and
recovered.
The treatment employs two key steps (see figure
below): (1) a water-soluble chelating agent, such as
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, bonds with heavy
metals and forms a chelate; and (2) an
electromembrane reactor (EMR) recovers the heavy
metals from the chelate and regenerates the chelating
agent.
Soils are screened before the chelation step to remove
large particles such as wood, metal scrap, and large
rocks.
The chelated soil is dewatered to separate the water-
soluble chelating agent from the solid phase. The
separated chelating agent, which contains heavy
metals, is then treated in the EMR. The EMR consists
of an electrolytic cell with a cation transfer membrane
separating the cathode and anode chambers.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The technology is applicable to a wide variety of
metal-contaminated hazardous wastes, including soils
and sludges. To date, IT Corporation has
demonstrated the technology's effectiveness in
removing lead and cadmium from soils and sludges.
Regenerated Chelating Agent
Contaminated Soil
Dewatering
(Phase
Separation)
^ "C
(Liquid
Phase)
Electromembrane
Reactor (EMR)
Soil
Wai
^.
(Solid Phase)
Simplified Process Flow Diagram of Treatment Process
Page 72
The SITE Program assesses but docs not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1994. The Jack's Creek
site, located nearMaitland, Pennsylvania, was selected
as a site for technology evaluation. The site operated
as a precious and nonprecious metal smelting and
nonferrous metal recycling operation from 1958 to
1977. A portion of the property is currently operated
as a scrap yard. Lead concentrations in the
contaminated soil used for the evaluation was
approximately 2 percent. Toxicity characteristic
leaching procedure (TCLP) analysis on the
contaminated soil showed lead levelsof 7.7 milligrams
per liter (mg/L), which exceeds the regulatory limit of
5 mg/L. During the project, IT Corporation
established appropriate conditions for lead removal
and recovery from the soil and reduced TCLP
concentrations of lead in the soil to below regulatory
levels.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
George Moore
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7991
Fax: 513-569-7276
e-mail: moore.george@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Radha Krishnan
IT Corporation
11499 Chester Road
Cincinnati, OH 45246-4012
513-782-4700
Fax:513-782-4663
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 73
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(Mixed Waste Treatment Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
IT Corporation's mixed waste treatment process
integratesthermaldesorption, gravity separation, water
treatment, and chelant extractiontechnologies to treat
soils contaminated with hazardous and radioactive
constituents. The process separates these
contaminants into distinct organic and inorganic
phases that can then be further minimized, recycled, or
destroyed at commercial disposal facilities. The
decontaminated soil can be returned to the site. Each
technology has been individually demonstrated on
selected contaminated materials. The process flow
diagram below shows how the technologies have been
integrated to treat mixed waste streams.
During the initial treatment step, feed soil is prepared
using standard techniques, such as screening, crushing,
and grinding to remove oversized material and provide
a consistent feed material.
Thermal treatment removes volatile and semi-volatile
organics from the soil. Soil is indirectly heated in a
rotating chamber, volatilizing the organic
contaminants and any moisture in the soil. The soil
passes through the chamber and is collected as a dry
solid. The volatilized organics and water are
condensed into separate liquid phases. The organic
phase is decanted and removed for disposal. The
contaminated aqueous phase is passed through
activated carbon, which removes soluble organics
before combining with the thermally treated soil.
Inorganic contaminants are removed by three physical
and chemical separation techniques: (1) gravity
separation of high density particles; (2) chemical
precipitation of soluble metals; and (3) chelant
extraction of chemically bound metals.
Organic Phase
Radionuclides
on Resin
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Page 74
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
Gravity separation is used to separate higher density
particles from common soil. Radionuclide
contaminants are typically found inthis fraction. The
gravity separation device (shaker table, jig, cone, or
spiral) depends on contaminant distribution and the
physical properties of the thermally treated soil.
Many radionuclides and other heavy metals are
dissolved or suspended in the aqueous separation
media. These contaminants are separated from the
soils and are precipitated. A potassium ferrate
formulation precipitates radionuclides. The resulting
macrocrystalline precipitant is removed, allowing the
aqueous stream to be recycled.
Some insoluble radionuclides remain with the soil
following the gravity separation process. These
radionuclides are removed by chelant extraction. The
chelant solution then passes through an ion-exchange
resin to remove the radionuclides and is recycled to the
chelant extraction step.
The contaminants are collected as concentrates from
all waste process streams for recovery or off-site
disposal at commercial hazardous waste or
radiological waste facilities. The decontaminated soil
can be returned to the site as clean fill.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This process treats soils contaminated with organic,
inorganic, and radioactive material.
STATUS:
The mixed waste treatment process was selected for
the SITE Emerging Technology Program in October
1991. Bench- and pilot-scale testing was completed in
late 1995; a report detailing evaluation results was
made available from EPA in 1997. Individual
components of the treatment process have been
demonstrated on various wastes from the U. S.
Departmentof Energy,(DOE), the U.S. Departmentof
Defense, and commercial sites. Thermal separation
has removed and recovered polychlorinatedbiphenyls
from soils contaminated with uranium and technetium.
These soils were obtained from two separate DOE
gaseous diffusion plants.
Gravity separation of radionuclides has been
demonstrated at pilot scale on Johnston Atoll in the
Pacific. Gravity separation successfully removed
plutonium from native coral soils.
Water treatment using the potassium ferrate
formulations has been demonstrated at several DOE
facilities in laboratory and full-scale tests. This
treatment approach reduced cadmium, copper, lead,
nickel, plutonium, silver, uranium, and zinc to
dischargeable levels.
Chelant extraction has successfully treated surface
contamination in the nuclear industry for more than 20
years. Similar results are expected for subsurface
contamination.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Douglas Grosse
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7844
Fax:513-569-7585
e-mail: grosse.douglas@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Ed Alperin
IT Corporation
312 Directors Drive
Knoxville, TN 37923-4709
865-690-3211
Fax: 865-694-9573
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 75
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(formerly OHM Remediation Services Corporation)
(Oxygen Microbubble In Situ Bioremediation)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The application of in situ microbial degradation of
petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) has become a common
and widespread practice. The most common factor
limiting the rate of in situ biodegradation of PHCs is
the amount of oxygen available in the saturated and
unsaturated zones. Therefore, OHM Remediation
Services Corporation (OHM) has focused on
developing techniques for delivering oxygen to the
subsurface to enhance in situ microbial degradation of
PHCs. OHM has extensive experience with oxygen
delivery techniques such as bioventing and
biosparging to enhance microbial degradation.
Injection of oxygen microbubbles is being investigated
by OHM as an oxygen delivery system for the in situ
biodegradation of PHCs in the unsaturated and
saturated zones. OHM has conducted laboratory tests
and field demonstrations of the oxygen
microbubble technology in conjunction with the U.S.
EPA and the U.S. Armstrong Laboratories .Oxygen
microbubble technology (see figure below) uses a
continuously generated stream of oxygen and water
solution containing low concentrations of a surfactant.
A water stream containing about 200 milligrams per
liter of surfactant is mixed with oxygen under
pressure. The resulting oxygen and water mixture is
pumped through a microbubble generator that
produces a zone of high-energy mixing. The result is
a 60 to 80 percent by volume dispersion of bubbles,
with a typical bubble diameter ranging from 50 to 100
microns. The microbubble dispersion is then pumped
through an injection well into the treatment zone. The
microbubbles deliver oxygen to contaminated
groundwater, providing an oxygen source for aerobic
biodegradation of the contaminant by the indigenous
microflora.
PRESSURE
REGULATING
VALVE
MICROBUBBLE
INJECTION COLLECTION
POINT TANK
LEGEND
PRESSURE SWITCH
CHECKVALVE
PRESSURE RELIEF
VALVE
SAMPLE PORT
SOLENOID VALVE (NORMALLY CLOSED)
BALL/SHUT OFF VALVE
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ Bioremediation
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WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The process has successfully treated groundwater
contaminated with a number of organic compounds
including volatile organic compounds, semivolatile
organic compounds, and petroleum hydrocarbons.
STATUS:
The Oxygen Microbubble In Situ Bioremediation
process was accepted into the Emerging Technology
Program in summer 1992. This process is being
evaluated at a jet fuel spill site at Tyndall Air Force
Base in Panama City, Florida.
The overall objective of this project is to evaluate the
in situ application of the oxygen microbubble
technology for bioremedation. The goals are to
determine subsurface oxygen transfer to the
groundwater, retention of the microbubble in the soil
matrix, and biodegradation of the petroleum
hydrocarbons present in the soil and groundwater.
A pilot test was performed at the site in 1995. The
objective of the test was to determine the rate at which
generated microbubbles could be injected into the
surficial aquifer at the site. In addition, changes in the
microbubbles and the aquifer during injection were
monitored. Specific parameters monitored included
the following:
• Microbubble quality, quantity, and stability
• Microbubble injection rate and pressure
• Lateral migration rates of microbubbles
•Lateral extent of migration of surfactant in
the aquifer
• Lateral changes in dissolved oxygen
concentration in the aquifer
• Rate of migration of tracer gas (helium) in
the vadose zone
• Oxygen in the vadose zone
The pilot test verified that microbubbles can be
injected into a shallow aquifer consisting of
unconsolidated, fine-grained sediments. The study
also verified that aquifer characteristics allowed the
injection of the microbubble foam at rates of at least 1
gallon per minute. Continued injection of foam after
about 45 minutes resulted in coalescence of the foam
based on pressure measurements. The microbubble
foam was observed to persist in the aquifer for long
periods of time. This testing supported the use of
oxygen microbubbles as an oxygen delivery system for
in situ bioremediation.
The next testing phase at the site began in fall 1996.
During this test, multiple injection points were used to
determine the maximum rate of foam injection while
maintaining foam stability. Oxygen was used as the
gas for microbubble production. The rentention of
oxygen microbubbles was compared to spargedair to
determine oxygen delivery efficiency.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax:513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Douglas Jerger
IT Corporation
Technology Applications
304 Directors Drive
Knoxville, TO 37923
423-690-32 llext. 2803
Fax: 423-694-9573
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 77
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(Photolytic and Biological Soil Detoxification)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This technology is a two-stage, in situ photolytic and
biological detoxification process for shallow soil
contamination. The first step in the process degrades
the organic contaminants with ultraviolet (UV)
radiation. The photolytic degradation rate is several
times faster with artificial UV light than with natural
sunlight. The degradation process is enhanced by
adding detergent-like chemicals (surfactants) to
mobilize the contaminants. Photolysis of the
contaminants converts them to more easily degraded
compounds. Periodic sampling and analysis
determines when photolysis is complete.
Biodegradation, the second, step, further destroys
organic contaminants and detoxifies the soil.
When sunlight is used to treat shallow soil
contamination, the soil is first tilled with a power tiller
and sprayed with surfactant. The soil is tilled
frequently to expose new surfaces and sprayed often.
Water may also be added to maintain soil moisture.
When UV lights are used, parabolic reflectors
suspended over the soil increase the amount of UV
irradiation (see figure below). After photolysis is
complete, biodegradation is enhanced by adding
microorganisms and nutrients and further tilling the
soil.
When these techniques are applied to soils with deep
contamination, soil needs to be excavated and treated
in a specially constructed shallow treatment basin that
meets Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
requirements. When soil contamination is shallow,
photolysis and housing prevent contaminants from
migrating to groundwater.
The only treatment residuals are soil contaminated
with surfactants and the end metabolites of the
biodegradationprocesses. The end metabolites depend
on the original contaminants. The surfactants are
common materials used in agricultural formulations.
Therefore, the soils can be left on site.
Photolytic Degradation Process Using UV Lights
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Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This photolytic and biological soil detoxification
process destroys organics, particularly dioxins such as
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD),polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB), other poly chlorinated aromatics, and
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in 1989; the evaluation was
completed in 1992. The Emerging Technology Report
(PB95-159992) is available for purchase from the
National Technical Information Services. The
Emerging Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/502)
and Emerging Technology Summary (EPA/540/SR-
94/531) are available from EPA.
Bench-scale tests conducted on dioxin-contaminated
soil showed that the effectivenessof surface irradiation
to degrade TCDDs or PCBs is strongly influenced by
soil type. Early tests on sandy soils showed greater
than 90 percent removals for both TCDDs and PCBs.
Using a 450-watt mercury lamp, the irradiation time
was more than 20 hours for greater than 90 percent
destruction of TCDD and more than 4 hours for
greater than 90 percent destruction of PCBs.
However, a high humic content decreased the
effectivenessof the UV photolysis. Soil contaminated
with PCBs in the bench-scale tests had a high clay
content. The highest removal rate for these soils was
30 percent, measured over a 16-hour irradiation time.
The bench-scale tests used a medium-pressuremercury
UV lamp; sunlight was ineffective. No significant
improvement in PCB destruction was achieved using
a pulsed UV lamp.
The process was also tested with Fenton's reagent
chemistry as an alternate method of degrading PCBs to
moreeasily biodegradedcompounds. PCB destruction
ranged from nondetectable to 35 percent. Data
indicates that no significant change in PCB chlorine
level distribution occurred during treatment.
Other studies examined PCB biodegradability in (1)
soil treated with a surfactant and UV radiation, (2)
untreated soil, and (3) soil known to have PCB-
degrading organisms. Study results were as follows:
PCB removal in the UV-treated soil, untreated
soil, and soil with known biological activity was
higher when augmented with an isolated PCB
degrader (microorganism).
In the untreated soil, biphenyl was more efficient
at inducing PCB degradation than 4-
bromobiphenyl.
• For the treated soil, surfactant treatment may have
inhibited microbial activity due to high total
organic carbon and low pH.
Isolation and enrichment techniques have made it
possible to isolate microorganisms capable of
biodegrading PCBs in contaminated soil.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Duane Graves
IT Corporation
312 Directors Drive
Knoxville, TN 37923-4709
865-690-3211
Fax: 865-694-3626
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 79
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
IT Corporation (IT) has used the Bioslurry Reactor
(developed by Tekno Associates, SaltLakeCity, Utah)
to treat polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in
soil. Traditional biological treatments, such as
landfarming and in situ bioremediation, may not
reduce PAHs in soil to target levels in a timely
manner. Slurry reactors are more efficient for
bioremediation and more economical than thermal
desorption and incineration.
During the project, IT operated one 10-liter and two
60-liter bioslurry reactors (see figure below) in
semicontinuous, plug-flow mode. The first 60-liter
reactor received fresh feed daily and supplements of
salicylate and succinate. alicylate induces the
naphthalene degradation operon on PAH plasmids in
the microorganisms. This system has been shown to
degrade phenanthrene and anthracene. The
naphthalene pathway may also play a role in
carcinogenic PAH (CPAH) metabolism. Succinate is
a by-product of naphthalene metabolism and serves as
a general carbon source.
The first 60-liter reactor removed easily degradable
carbon and increased biological activity against more
recalcitrant PAHs (three-ring compounds and higher).
Effluent from the first reactor overflowed to the
second 60-liter reactor in series, where Fenton's
reagent (hydrogen peroxide and iron salts) was added
to accelerate oxidation for four- to six-ring PAHs.
Fenton's reagent produces a free radical that can
oxidize multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
ATMOSPHERE
LEGEND:
/T\ SAMPLE PORT
PRESSURE REGULATOR
/M) PRESSURE INDICATOR (ffi) TIMER
KM
FEED
MIXER
B-1
AIR
BLOWER
R.1 U-2ABC T-7
AIR BKJREACTOR BIQREACTOR 2
ROTAMETER MIXER (SOIL)
T-1 p-i S-1
FEED FEED PUMP AIR
CONTAINER (12UOAY) FILTER
BIOREACTOR1 BIOREACTDR 3
(SOIL} (SOIL)
Z-1 P-5 Z-2
CARBON EFFLUENT AIR
ADSORPTION PUMP SAMPLING
DEVICE
p-e
SLURRY
PUMP
T-2
CLAR1FIER
T-6
EFFLUENT
CONTAINER
POL)
Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor System
Page 80
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- February 2003
Completed Project
The T-8 reactor (third in a series) was used as a
polishing reactor to remove any partially oxidized
contaminants remaining after the Fenton's reagent
treatment. Slurry was removed from this reactor and
clarified using gravity settling techniques.
Operation of the reactors as described increased the
rate and extent of PAH biodegradation, making
bioslurry treatment of impacted soils and sludges a
more effective and economical remediation option.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology is applicable to PAH-contaminated
soils and sludges that can be readily excavated for
slurry reactor treatment. Soils from coal gasification
sites, wood-treating facilities, petrochemical facilities,
and coke plants are typically contaminated with PAHs.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in 1993. Under this program, IT
conducted a pilot-scale investigation of the three slurry
reactors operating in series. A suitable soil for the
pilot-scale test was obtained from a wood^treating
facility in the southeastern U.S. About 4,000 pounds
of PAH-impacted soil was screened and treated during
summer 1994. CPAH and PAH removals were
demonstrated at 84 and 95 percent, respectively. A
final report is available from EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Valdis R. Kukainis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7955
Fax:513-569-7879
e-mail: kukainis.valids@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Kandi Brown
IT Corporation
312 Directors Drive
Knoxville,TN 37923
865-690-3211
Fax: 865-690-3626
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 81
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
KSE, INC.
(Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction (AIR 2000)
process combines two unit operations, adsorption and
chemical reaction, to treat air streams containing dilute
concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
(see photograph below).
The contaminated air stream containing dilute
concentrations of VOCs flows into a photocatalytic
reactor, where chlorinated and nonchlorinated VOCs
are destroyed. The VOCs are trapped on the surface of
a proprietary catalytic adsorbent. This catalytic
adsorbent is continuously illuminated with ultraviolet
light, destroying the trapped, concentrated VOCs
through enhanced photocatalytic oxidation. This
system design simultaneously destroys VOCs and
continuously regeneratesthe catalytic adsorbent. Only
oxygen in the air is needed as a reactant.
The treated effluent air contains carbon dioxide and
water, which are carried out in the air stream exiting
the reactor. For chlorinated VOCs, the chlorine atoms
are converted to hydrogen chloride with some chlorine
gas. If needed, these gases can be removed from the
air stream with conventional scrubbers and adsorbents.
The AIR 2000 process offers advantages over other
photocatalytic technologies because of the high
activity, stability, and selectivityof the photocatalyst.
The photocatalyst, which is not primarily titanium
dioxide, contains a number of different
semiconductors, which allows for rapid and
economical treatment of VOCs in air. Previous results
indicate that the photocatalyst is highly resistant to
deactivation, even after thousands of hours of
operation in the field.
The particulate-based photocatalyst allows for more
freedom in reactor design and more economical scale-
up than reactors with a catalyst film coated on a
support medium. Packed beds, radial flow reactors,
and monolithic reactors are all feasible reactor designs.
Because the catalytic adsorbent is continuously
regenerated, it does not require disposal or removal for
regeneration, as traditional carbon adsorption typically
does. The AIR 2000 process produces no residual
wastes or by-products needing further treatment or
disposal as hazardous waste. Thetreatment system is
AIR2000
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The SITE Program assesses but does not
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February 2003
Completed Project
self-contained and mobile, requires a small amount of
space, and requires less energy than thermal
incineration or catalytic oxidation. In addition, it has
lower total system costs than these traditional
technologies, and can be constructed of fiberglass
reinforced plastic (FRP) due to the low operating
temperatures.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The AIR 2000 process is designed to treat a wide
range of VOCs in air, ranging in concentration from
less than 1 to as many as thousands of parts per
million. The process can destroy the following VOCs:
chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatic and aliphatic
hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, ketones, and
aldehydes.
The AIR 2000 process can be integrated with existing
technologies, such as thermal desorption., air stripping,
or soil vapor extraction, to treat additional media,
including soils, sludges, and groundwater.
The AIR 2000 process was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1995. Studies
under the Emerging Technology Program are focusing
on (1) developing photocatalysts for a broad range of
chlorinated and nonchtorinated VOCs, and (2)
designing advanced and cost-effective photocatalytic
reactors for remediation and industrial service.
The AIR 2000 Process was initially evaluated at full-
scale operation for treatment of soil vapor extraction
off-gas at Loring Air Force Base (AFB). Destruction
efficiency of tetrachloroethene exceeded 99.8 percent.
The performance results were presented at the 1996
World Environmental Congress.
version of the
as part of
The AIR-I process, an earlier
technology, was demonstrated as part ot a
groundwater remediation demonstration project at
Dover AFB in Dover, Delaware, treating effluent air
from a groundwater stripper. Test results showed
more than 99 percent removal of dichloroethane
(DC A) from air initially containing about 1 ppm DC A
and saturated with water vapor.
The AIR 2000 Process was accepted into the SITE
Demonstration program in 1998. A demonstration
was completed at a Superfund site in Rhode Island. A
project bulletin was to be completed in 2001 and other
project reports are still in preparation.
DEMONSTRATION RESULTS:
A 700 SCFM commercial unit is now operating at a
Superfund Site in Rhode Island, destroying TCE, DCE
and vinyl chloride in the combined off-gas from a SVE
system and a groundwater stripper. Results collected
during August to October 1999 show that the system
is operating at 99.6% destruction efficiency. The AIR
2000 unit is operating unattended, with the number of
UV lamps being illuminated changing automatically
in response to changing flow conditions for maximum
performance at minimum cost.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Vince Gallardo
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7176
Fax:513-569-7620
e-mail: gallardo.vincente@epamail.epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
J.R. Kittrell
KSE, Inc.
P.O. Box 368
Amherst,MA 01004
413-549-5506
Fax:413-549-5788
e-mail: kseincfojaol.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 83
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
KVAERNER ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
(formerly Davy International Environmental Division)
(Chemical Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This treatment employs resin-in-pulp (RIP) or carbon-
in-pulp (CIP) technologies to treat soils, sediments,
dredgings, and solid residues contaminated with
organic and inorganic material. These technologies
are based on resin ion exchange and resin or carbon
adsorption of contaminants from a leachedsoil-slurry
mixture.
RIP and CIP processes are used on a commercial scale
to recover metals from ores. The RIP process recovers
uranium and uses anion exchange resins to adsorb
uranium ions leached from ore. The CIP process
recovers precious metals. In this process, activated
carbon adsorbs gold and silver leached as cyanide
complexes. The figure below illustrates a typical
process for metals and other inorganically
contaminated soils. Incoming material is screened,
and over-sized material iscrushed. The two fractions
are then combined and leached in an agitated tank,
where the contaminants are extracted. The leached
solids are then passed to cyclones that separate coarse
and fine material. The coarse material is washed free
of contaminants, and the wash liquors containing the
contaminants are passed to the contaminant recovery
section. The leached fine fraction passes to the RIP or
CIP contactor, where ion-exchange resins or activated
carbon remove the contaminants. The difficult fines
washing step is thereby eliminated.
Contaminated
Soil
Wash
Water
Leach
ReagenT
Decontaminated Fines Fraction
Chemical Treatment Process
Page 84
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February 2003
Completed Proiect
The resins and carbons are eluted and recycled in the
extraction step, and the concentrated contaminants in
the effluent pass to the recovery section. In the
recovery section, precipitation recovers contaminants
from the wash and eluate solutions. The precipitation
yields a concentrated solid material and can be
disposed of or treated to recover metals or other
materials. The liquid effluent from the recovery
section can be recycled to the process.
For organically contaminated feeds, the in-pulp or
slurry process treats the whole leached solid. Organic
contaminants eluted from the resin or carbon must be
treated appropriately by a separate technology.
Both the RIP and CIP commercial scale processes
operate in multistage, continuous, countercurrent
contactors arranged horizontally.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This chemical treatment technology treats soils and
other materials contaminated with inorganic and
organic wastes. Inorganics include heavy metals such
as copper, chromium, zinc, mercury, and arsenic.
Treatment of materials containing organics such as
chlorinated solvents, pesticides, and polychlorinated
biphenyls requires appropriate extractantreagents and
sorbent materials.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1991. Laboratory studies
have been underway since January 1991. Bench-scale
tests have successfully met targets for removal of
several heavy metal contaminants.
Arsenic and mercury have proven more difficult to
remove; however, laboratory tests have reduced
arsenic to below 30 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg)
in soil and mercury to 0.5 mg/kg in soil in the major
fraction of the soil. Due to the lack of demand for this
technology in the European Market, Davy has decided
to withdraw from the SITE Program.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Vincente Gallardo
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7176
Fax:513-569-7620
e-mail: gallardo.vincente@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Simon Clarke
Kvaerner Energy & Environment
Ashmore House
Richardson Road
Stockton-On-Tee s
Cleveland TS183RE
England
011-44-1642-602221
Fax:011-44-1642-341001
e-mail: simon.clarkefSkvaeraer.com
The SITE Program assesses but does nol
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 85
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MATRIX PHOTOCATALYTIC INC.
(Photocatalytic Air Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc. is developing a titanium
dioxide (TiO2)photocatalytic air treatment technology
that destroys volatile organic compounds (VOC) and
semivolatile organic compounds in air streams.
During treatment, contaminated air at ambient
temperatures flows through a fixed TiO2catalyst bed
activated by ultraviolet (UV) light. Typically, organic
contaminants are destroyed in fractions of a second.
Technology advantages include the following:
• Robust equipment
• No residual toxins
• No ignition source
• Unattended operation
» Low direct treatment cost
The technology has been tested on benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, and xylene; trichloroethene;
tetrachloroethane; isopropyl alcohol; acetone;
chloroform; methanol; and methyl ethyl ketone. A
field-scale system is shown in the photograph on the
next page.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The TiO2 photocatalytic air treatment technology can
effectively treat dry or moist air. The technology has
been demonstrated to purify contaminant steam
directly, thus eliminating the need to condense.
Systems of 100 cubic feet per minute have been
successfully testedon vapor extraction operations, air
stripper emissions, steam from desorption processes,
and VOC emissions from manufacturing facilities.
Other potential applications include odor removal,
stack gas treatment, soil venting, and manufacturing
Full-Scale Photocatalytic Air Treatment System
Page 86
The SITE Program assesses but does not
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February 2003
Completed Project
ultra-pure air for residential, automotive, instrument,
and medical needs. Systems of up to about 1,000
cubic feet per minute can be cost- competitive with
thermal destruction systems.
STATUS:
The TiO2 photocatalytic air treatment technologywas
accepted into SITE Emerging Technology Program
(ETP) in October 1992; the evaluation was completed
in 1993. Based on results from the ETP, this
technology was invited to participate in the SITE
Demonstration Program. For further information
about the evaluation under the ETP, refer to the
journal article(EPA/600/A-93/282), which is available
from EPA. A suitable demonstration site is being
sought.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Richard Eilers
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7809
Fax:513-569-7111
e-mail: eilers.richard@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Bob Henderson
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc.
22 Pegler Street
London, Ontario, Canada N5Z 2B5
519-660-8669
Fax:519-660-8525
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 87
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MATRIX PHOTOCATALYTIC INC.
(Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase Organic Destruction)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Matrix Photocatalytic Inc. (Matrix) photocatalytic
oxidation system, shown in the photograph below,
removes dissolved organic contaminants from water
and destroys them in a continuous flow process at
ambient temperatures. When excited by light, the
titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor catalyst
generates hydroxyl radicals that oxidatively break the
carbon bonds of hazardous organic compounds.
The Matrix system converts organics such as
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB); phenols; benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX); and others
to carbon dioxide, halides, and water. Efficient
destruction typically occurs between 30 seconds and 2
minutes actual exposure time. Total organic carbon
removal takes longer, depending on the other organic
molecules and their molecular weights.
The Matrix system was initially designed to destroy
organic pollutants or to remove total organic carbon
from drinking water, groundwater, and plant process
water. The Matrix system also destroys organic
pollutants such as PCBs, polychlorinated
dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans,
chlorinated alkenes, chlorinated phenols, chlorinated
benzenes, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and amines.
Inorganic pollutants such as cyanide, sulphite, and
nitrite ions can be oxidized to cyanate ion, sulphate
ion, and nitrate ion, respectively.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The Matrix system can treat a wide range of
concentrations of organic pollutants in industrial
wastewater and can be applied to the ultrapure water
industry and the drinking water industry. The Matrix
system can also remediate groundwater.
10-Gallon-Per-Minute TiO2 Photocatalytic System Treating BTEX in Water
Page 88
The SITE Program assesses but does not
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February 2003
Completed Project
STATUS:
The system was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program (ETP) in May 1991. Results
from the ETP evaluation were published in a journal
article (EPA/540/F-94/503) available from EPA.
Based on results from the ETP, Matrix was invited to
participate in the Demonstration Program.
During August and September 1995, the Matrix
system was demonstrated at the K-25 site at the
DepartmentofEnergy'sOak Ridge Reservation in Oak
Ridge, Tennessee. Reports detailing the results from
the demonstration are available from EPA.
DEMONSTRATION RESULTS:
Results from the demonstration are detailed below:
• In general, high percent removals (up to 99.9
percent) were observed for both aromatic volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and unsaturated
VOCs. However, the percent removals for
saturated VOCs were low (between 21 and 40
percent).
* The percent removals for all VOCs increased with
increasing number of path lengths and oxidant
doses. At equivalent contact times, changing the
flow rate did not appear to impact the treatment
system performance for all aromatic VOCs and
most unsaturated VOCs (except 1,1-
dichloroethene [DCE]). Changing the flow rate
appeared to impact the system performance for
saturated VOCs.
• The effluent met the Safe Drinking Water Act
maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for benzene;
cis-1,2-DCE; and 1,1 -DCE at a significant level of
0.05. However, the effluent did not meet the
MCLs for tetrachloroethene (PCE);
trichloroethene(TCE); l,l-dichloroethane(DCA);
and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) at a significant
level of 0.05. The influent concentrations for
toluene and total xylenes were below the MCLs.
In tests performed toevaluate the effluent's acute
toxicity to water fleas and fathead minnows, more
than 50 percent of the organisms died. Treatment
by the Matrix system did not reduce the groundwater
toxicity for the test organisms at a significant level of
0.05.
• In general, the percent removals were reproducible
for aromatic and unsaturated VOCs when the
Matrix system was operated under identical
conditions. However, the percent removals were
not reproducible for saturated VOCs. The Matrix
system' s performance was generally reproducible
in (1) meeting the target effluent levels for
benzene; cis-l,2-DCE; and 1,1-DCE; and (2) not
meeting the target effluent levels for PCE; TCE;
U-DCA; and 1,1,1-TCA.
• Purgable organic compounds and total organic
halides results indicated that some VOCs were
mineralized in the Matrix system. However,
formulation of aldehydes, haloacetic acids, and
several tentatively identified compounds indicated
that not all VOCs were completely mineralized.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Richard Eilers
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7809
Fax:513-569-7111
e-mail: eilers.ricahrd@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Bob Henderson
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc.
22 Pegler Street
London, Ontario, Canada
N5Z 2B5
519-660-8669
Fax:519-660-8525
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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Tecnnoloey Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MEDIA & PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
(formerly Aluminum Company of America and
Alcoa Separation Technology, Inc.)
(Bioscrubber)
This bioscrubbertechnology digests hazardous organic
emissions generated by soil, water, and air
decontamination processes. The bioscrubberconsists
of a filter with an activated carbon medium that
supports microbial growth. This unique medium, with
increased microbial population and enhanced
bioactivity, converts diluted organics into carbon
dioxide, water, and other nonhazardous compounds.
The filter removes biomass, supplies nutrients, and
adds moisture. A pilot-scale unit with a 4-cubic-foot-
per-minute capacity is being field-tested (see figure
below).
In addition to efficient degradation, the bioscrubber
provides an effective sink to mitigate feed fluctuations.
During an 11-month bench-scale test, the bioscrubber
consistently removed contaminants such as petroleum
hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, and amines from the
waste feed at levels ranging from less than 5 to
40 parts per million (ppm).
The bioscrubber provides several advantages over
conventional activated carbon adsorbers. First,
bioregeneration keeps the maximum adsorption
capacity constantly available; thus, the mass transfer
zone remains stationary and relatively short. The
carbon does not require refrigeration, and the required
bed length is greatly reduced, thereby reducing capital
and operating expenses. Finally, the chromatographic
effect (premature desorption) common in an adsorber
is eliminated because the maximum capacity is
available constantly. The bioscrubber's advantages are
fully exploited when the off-gas contains weakly
adsorbed contaminants, such as methylene chloride, or
adsorbates competing with moisture in the stream.
The bioscrubber may replace activated carbon in some
applications.
Bioscrubber Pilot-Scale Unit
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WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The bioscrubber technology removes organic
contaminants in air streams from soil, water, or air
decontamination processes. The technology is
especially suited to treat streams containing aromatic
solvents, such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, as well
as alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, and others. The
technology has several applicationsto Superfund sites,
including (1) organic emission control for groundwater
decontamination using air strippers, (2) emission
control for biological treatment of ground and surface
water, and (3) emission control for soil
decontamination. These primary treatment processes
have not been designed to prevent volatile organic
compound discharges into the atmosphere. The
bioscrubber is an ideal posttreatment component for
these processes because it handles trace organic
volatiles economically and effectively.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1990. Bench-scale
bioscrubbers operated continuously for more than 11
months to treat an air stream with trace concentrations
of toluene at about 10 to 20 ppm. The bioscrubbers
accomplished a removal efficiency of greater than 95
percent. The filter had a biodegradation efficiency 40
to 80 times greater than existing filters. The project
was completed in June 1993. Based on results from
the Emerging Technology Program, the bioscrubber
technology was invited to participate in the SITE
Demonstration Program.
Evaluation results have been published in the report
"Bioscrubber for Removing Hazardous Organic
Emissions from Soil, Water and Air Decontamination
Processes", (EPA/540/R-93/521). This report is
available from the National Technical Information
Service. The Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F- 93/507) and the Emerging Technology
Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/521) are available from
EPA. An article on the technology was also published
in the Journal of A ir and Waste Management, Volume
44, March 1994, pp. 299-303.
The pilot-scale unit has also been tested on discharge
from an air stripping tower at a flow rate of 2 standard
cubic feet per minute. The discharge contained from
less than 10 to 200 ppm toluene. The unit
demonstrated the effectiveness, efficiency, and
reliability of its design. Additional tests are underway
to confirm results at higher flow rates and with other
contaminants.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Paul dePercin
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7797
Fax:513-569-7105
e-Mail: depercin.paul@epa.gove
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Paul Liu
Media and Process Technology, Inc.
1155 William Pitt Way
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
412-826-3711
Fax:412-826-3720
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, INC.
(VaporSep® Membrane Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.,
VaporSep® system, shown in the figure below, uses
synthetic polymer membranes to remove organic
vapors from contaminated air streams. The process
generates a clean air stream and a liquid organic
stream.
Air laden with organic vapor contacts one side of a
membrane that is 10 to 100 times more permeable to
the organic compound than to air. The membrane
separates the air into two streams: a permeate stream
containing most of the organic vapor, and a clean
residual air stream. The organic vapor is condensed
and removed as a liquid; the purified air stream may be
vented or recycled.
The VaporSep® system maintains a lower vapor
pressure on the permeate side of the membrane to
drive the permeation process. This pressure difference
can be created by either compressing the feed stream
or using a vacuum pump on the permeate stream.
The VaporSep® systems built to date range in capacity
from 1 to 700 standard cubic feet per minute. The
systems are significantly smaller than carbon
adsorption systems of similar capacity and can be
configured for a wide range of feed flow rates and
compositions. The process has been tested on air
streams contaminated with a wide range of organic
compounds at concentrations of 100 to over 100,000
parts per million.
VaporSep® Membrane Organic Vapor Recovery System
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The VaporSep® system removes between 90 and 99
percent of the organic vapor, depending on the class of
organic compound and the system design. The system
produces only a purified air stream and a small volume
of organic condensate. The concentration of organics
in the purified air stream is generally low enough for
discharge to the atmosphere.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
VaporSep® systems can treat most air streams
containing flammable or nonflammable halogenated
and nonhalogenated organic compounds, including
chlorinatedhydrocarbons,chlorofluorocarbons(CFC),
and fuel hydrocarbons. Typical applications include
the following:
• Reduction of process vent emissions, such as those
regulated by EPA source performance standards
for the synthetic organic chemical manufacturing
industry.
• Treatment of air stripper exhaust before discharge
to the atmosphere.
• Recovery of CFCs and hydrochlorofluorocarbons.
• Recovery of valuable organic feedstocks for
recycling to the process.
• Recovery of gasoline vapors.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in 1989; the project was
completed in 1991. The process, demonstrated at both
the bench and pilot scales, achieved removal
efficiencies of over 99.5 percent for selected organic
compounds. The Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/ F-94/503) is available from EPA.
Almost 40 VaporSep® systems have been supplied to
customers in the United States and overseas for
applications such as the following:
• CFC and halocarbon recovery from process vents
and transfer operations.
• CFC recovery from refrigeration systems.
• Vinyl chloride monomer recovery from polyvinyl
chloride manufacturing operations.
• CFC-12/ethylene oxide recovery from sterilizer
emissions.
• Recovery of monomers, other hydrocarbons,
and nitrogen in polyolefm degassing
processes.
A VaporSep® system successfully treated an air stream
from a soil vacuum extraction operation at a U.S.
Department of Energy site.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Paul dePercin
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7797
Fax:513-569-7105
e-Mail: depercin.paul@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Marc Jacobs
Doug Gottschlich
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.
1360 Willow Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-1516
650-328-2228
Fax: 650-328-6580
e-mail: mjacobs@mtrinc.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
METSO MINERALS INDUSTRIES, INC.
(formerly Svedala Industries, Inc.)
fPYROKILN THERMAL ENCAPSULATION Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The PYROKILN THERMAL ENCAPSULATION
process is designed to improve conventional rotary
kiln incineration of hazardous waste. The process
introduces inorganic additives (fluxing agents) to the
waste to promote incipient slagging or thermal
encapsulating reactions near the kiln discharge. The
thermal encapsulation is augmented using other
additives in either the kiln or in the air pollution
control (APC) baghouse to stabilize the metals in the
fly ash. The process is designed to (1) immobilize the
metals remaining in the kiln ash, (2) produce an easily
handled nodular form of ash, and (3) stabilize metals
in the fly ash, while avoiding the problems normally
experienced with higher temperature "slagging kiln"
operations.
The basis of this process is thermal encapsulation.
Thermal encapsulation traps metals in a controlled
melting process operating in the temperature range
between slagging and nonslagging modes, producing
ash nodules that are 0.25 to 0.75 inch in diameter.
The figure below illustrates the process. Wastes
containing organic and metallic contaminants are
incinerated in a rotary kiln. Metals (in particular,
those with high melting points) are trapped in the
bottom ash from the kiln through the use of fluxing
agents that promote agglomeration with controlled
nodulizing.
The PYROKILN THERMAL ENCAPSULATION
process may reduce leaching of metals to levels below
EPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
(TCLP) limits for metals. Metals with low melting
and vaporization temperatures, such as arsenic, lead,
and zinc, are expected to partially volatilize,
partitioning between the bottom ash and the fly ash.
Metals concentrated in the fly ash may be stabilized, if
necessary, by adding reagents to the kiln and to the
APC system to reduce leaching to below TCLP limits.
This process may also reduce the total dust load to the
APC system and the amount of paniculate emissions
from the stack.
PYROKILN THERMAL ENCAPSULATION PROCESS
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The use of fluxing reagents is a key element in this
technology. The fluxing agents are introduced into the
kiln in the proper amount and type to lower the ash's
softening temperature. Proper kiln design is required
to allow the kiln outlet to function as an ash
agglomerator. Good temperature control is required to
maintain the agglomerates at the correct particle size,
yielding the desired 0.25- to 0.75-inch nodules. By
producing nodules, rather than a molten slag, the
process is expected to prevent operating problems such
as ash quenching, overheating, and premature
refractory failure. The process should also simplify
cooling, handling, and conveyance of the ash.
The controlled nodulizing process should immobilize
metals with high boiling points. Lead, zinc, and other
metals with lower volatilization temperatures tend to
exit the kiln as fine fumes. Reagents can be injected
into the kiln, the APC devices, or a final solids mixer
to aid in the collection of these metals from the gas
stream.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The technology is intended for soils and sludges
contaminated with organics and metals. As with other
rotary kiln systems, the process is expected to destroy
a broad range of organic species, including
halogenated and nonhalogenated organics and
petroleum products. Svedala Industries, Inc., claims
that the following metals may be encapsulated or
stabilized: antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, selenium,
silver, thallium, and zinc.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in March 1990. A final report
has been prepared, and a technical paper summarizing
the project was presented in 1994 at the Air and Waste
Management Association 87th Annual Meeting and
Exhibition in Cincinnati, Ohio. The final report was
published in the July 1995 issue of the Journal of the
Air and Waste Management Association.
A synthetic soil matrix was created for the batch rotary
kiln tests. Feed preparation was a key element in
nodule production. These tests yielded nodules with
appropriate crush strength. Test results showed a
decrease in TCLP metal leachate levels with
increasing crush strength.
An analytical method involving microwave-aided
digestion was used to evaluate samples produced in a
second batch kiln test program. This method provided
excellent, consistent results, indicating leachability
below TCLP limits.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Marta K. Richards
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7692
Fax:513-569-7676
e-mail: richards.marta@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Bob Faulkner
Metso Minerals Industries, Inc.
350 Railroad Street
Danville, PA 17821
570-275-3050 ext. 7758
Fax:570-271-7737
The SITE Program assesses but does Dot
approve or endorse technologies.
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MONTANA COLLEGE OF MINERAL
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The air-sparged hydrocyclone (ASH) was developed
at the University of Utah during the early 1980s to
achieve fast flotation of fine particles in a centrifugal
field. The ASH consists of two concentric
right- vertical tubes with a conventional cycloneheader
at the top and a froth pedestal at the bottom (see figure
below). The inner tube is a porous tube through which
air is sparged. The outer tube serves as an air jacket to
evenly distribute air through the porous inner tube.
Slurry is fed tangentially through the conventional
cyclone header to develop a swirl flow of a certain
thickness in the radial direction (the swirl-layer
thickness). The swirl is discharged through an annular
opening between the porous tube wall and the froth
pedestal. Air is sparged through the porous inner tube
wall and is sheared into small bubbles. These bubbles
are then radially transported, together with attached
hydrophobic particles, into a froth phase that forms on
the cyclone axis. The froth phase is stabilized and
constrained by the froth pedestal at the underflow,
moved toward the vortex finder of the cyclone header,
and discharged as an overflow product. Water-wetted
hydrophilic particles generally remain in the slurry
phase and are discharged as an underflow product
through the annulus created by the froth pedestal.
During the past decade, large mechanical flotation
cells, such as aeration-stirred tank reactors, have been
designed, installed, and operated for mineral
processing. In addition, considerable effort has been
made to develop column flotation technology in the
United States and elsewhere; a number have been
installed in industries. Nevertheless, for both
mechanical and column cells, the specific flotation
capacity is generally limited to 1 to 2 tons per day
(tpd) per cubic foot of cell volume. In contrast, the
ASH has a specific flotation capacity of at least 100
tpd per cubic foot of cell volume.
Overflow
Vortex Finder
\_ Porous
Underflow Froth Cylinder
. Adjustable
Froth Pedestal
Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone
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Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
Conventional flotation techniques used in industrial
mineral processingare effective ways of concentrating
materials. However, metal value recovery is never
complete. The valuable material escaping the milling
process is frequently concentrated in the very fine
particle fraction.
The ASH can remove fine mineral particles that are
not normally amenable to the conventional froth
flotation process. These particles are generally sulflde
minerals, such as galena (lead suifide)., sphalerite (zinc
suifide) and chalcopyrite (copper- iron-sulfide).
Finely divided mining wastes containing these
minerals oxidize and release the metallic elements as
dissolved sulfates into the groundwater. Particularly
applicable are tailings from older operations conducted
before the development of froth flotation. Earlier
operations recovered minerals by gravity
concentration, which did not effectively capture fine
particles and left tailings with relatively large
concentrations of the environmentally hazardous fine
suifide minerals.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in June 1990. The most recent
pilot plant trials on tailings generated by gravity
concentration have confirmed both the technology's
ability to recover suifide minerals and the high
throughput capacity claimed by proponents of the
ASH. However, results on the economics of ash
processing were inconclusive. Studies under the SITE
Program were completed in August 1994, and a
journal article is pending. The pilot plant was
dismantled after 4 years of operation.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ed Bates
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7774
Fax:513-569-7676
e-mail: bates.edward@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Courtney Young
Montana College of Mineral Science
and Technology
West Park Street
Butte, MT 57901
406-496-4158
Fax:406-496-4133
e-mail: Cyoung@mtech.edu
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MONTANA COLLEGE OF MINERAL
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Campbell Centrifugal Jig)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Campbell Centrifugal Jig (CCS) is a mechanical
device that uses centrifugal force to separate fine
heavy mineral and metal particles from waste
materials. The CC J combines jigging and centrifuging
to separate these particles from a fluid slurry.
TransMar, Inc., owns the patents and rights to the CCJ
technology.
Standard jigs separate solids of different specific
gravities by differential settling in a pulsating bed and
gravitational field. Jigs operating in this mode can
recover solids larger than about 150 mesh (105
microns). Centrifuges are effective in separating
solids from liquids but are not effective in separating
solids from solids.
The CCJ, shown in the figure below, combines the
continuous flow and pulsating bed of the standard jig
with the enhanced acceleration forces of a centrifuge
to segregate and concentrate heavy particles from the
waste. The CCJ can recover particles ranging in size
from 1 to about 500 microns, depending on whether
the particles are sufficiently disaggregated from the
host material. The disaggregated particle should have
a specific gravity at least 50 percent greater than the
waste material. The CCJ does not need chemicals to
separate the solids.
Appropriately sized, slurried material is fed into the
CCJ through a hollow shaft inlet at the top of the
machine. The slurried material discharges from the
shaft onto a diffiiser plate, which has vanes that
distribute the material radially to the jig bed. The jig
bed's surface is composed of stainless-steel shot
ragging that is slightly coarser than the screen
aperture. The jig bed is pulsated by pressurized water
admitted through a screen by four rotating pulse
blocks. The pulsing water intermittently fluidizes the
bed, causing heavier particles to move through the
ragging and screen to the concentrate port, while
lighter particles continue across the face of the jig bed
to the-tailings port.
Slurry Intet
Pulse Water Inlet
Cone Shroud
Hutch Area
Pulse Water Outlet
• Cone Outlet
Cambell Centrifugal Jig (CCJ)
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Completed Project
The effectiveness of separation depends on how well
the original solids are disaggregated from the waste
material and the specific
gravity of each solid. The slurried feed material may
require grinding to ensure
disaggregation of the heavy metals. Operating
parameters include pulse pressure, rotation speed or g-
load, screen aperture, ragging type and size, weir
height, and feed percent solids.
The CCJ produces heavy mineral or metal
concentrates which, depending on the waste material,
may be further processed for extraction or sale. A
clean tailings stream may be returned to the
environment.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The CCJ can separate and concentrate a wide variety
of materials, ranging from base metals to fine coal ash
and fine (1-micron) gold particles. Applications
include (1) remediation of heavy metal-contaminated
soils, tailings, or harbor areas containing spilled
concentrates; (2) removal of pyritic sulfur and ash
from fine coal; and (3) treatment of some sandblasting
grit.
STATUS:
The CCJ was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in May 1992. The CCJ was
evaluated at the Montana College of Mineral Science
and Technology Research Center (Montana Tech).
Montana Tech equipped a pilot plant to evaluate the
Series 12 CCJ, which has a capacity of 1 to 3 tons per
hour. Tests were completed in August 1994 on base-
metal mine tailings from various locations in western
Montana. A report on these tests is pending.
In addition, under the U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE) Integrated Demonstration Program, the CCJ
was tested on clean Nevada test site soil spiked with
bismuth as a surrogate for plutonium oxide. These
tests occurred at the University of Nevada, Reno,
during August and September 1994. In the future, the
CCJ will be tested for its ability to remove radioactive
contamination from soils from several DOE sites.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7571
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Courtney Young
Montana College of Mineral Science
and Technology
West Park Street
Butte,MT 59701
406-496-4158
Fax:406-496-4133
e-mail: Cyoung@mtech.edu
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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TecEhology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES MANAGEMENT RESEARCH CENTER
(formerly Hazardous Substance Management
Research Center at New Jersey
Institute of Technology and
Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey)
(Pneumatic Fracturing and Bioremediation Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Hazardous Substance Management Research
Center (HSMRC) has developed a technology for the
in situ remediation of organic contaminants. The
process enhances in situ bioremediation through
pneumatic fracturing to establish an extended
biodegradation zone supporting aerobic, denitrifying,
and methanogenic populations. The technique is
designed to provide faster transport of nutrients and
electron acceptors (for example, oxygen and nitrate)to
the microorganisms, particularly in geologic
formations with moderate to low permeability.
An overview of the process is shown in the figure
below. First, the formation is pneumatically fractured
by applying high pressure air in 2-foot-long, discrete
intervals through a proprietary device known as an HQ
Injector. After the formation has been fractured with
air, nutrients or other chemicals are introduced into the
fracture network to stimulate biological activity. The
carrier gas and the particular amendments (atomized
liquid or dry media) injected into the formation
can be adjusted according to the target contaminant
and the desired degradation environment (aerobic,
denitrifying, and anaerobic). The high air-to-liquid
ratio atomizesthe liquid supplements during injection,
increasing their ability to penetrate the fractured
formation. In the final step of the process, the site is
operated as an in situ bioremediation cell to degrade
the contaminants. A continuous, low-level air flow is
maintained through the fracture network by a vacuum
pump to provide oxygen to the microbial populations.
Periodically, additional injections are made to
replenish nutrients and electron acceptors.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The integrated process can be applied to a wide variety
of geologic formations. In geologic formations with
low to moderate permeabilities, such as those
containing clay, silt, or tight bedrock, the process
creates artificial fractures which increase formation
permeability. In formations with higher
permeabilities, the process is still useful for rapid
aeration and delivery of amendments to the
microorganisms.
Overview of the Integrated Pneumatic Fracturing and Bioremediation Process
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Completed Project
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1991 and was evaluated
at a gasoline refinery located in the Delaware Valley.
The soil at the site was contaminated with benzene,
toluene, and xylene (BTX) at concentrations up to
1,500 milligrams per kilogram, along with other
hydrocarbons. The evaluation was completed in May
1994. Contact the EPA Project Manager for a copy of
the results from the evaluation. A journal article has
been submitted to the Journal of Air and Waste
Management.
Throughout the 50-week pilot-scale, evaluation off-
gases were monitored for BTX, carbon dioxide, and
methane, which served as indicators of biological
activity. Process effectiveness was evaluated through
comparative analysis of soil samples collected at the
beginning and the end of the evaluation.
Vapor extraction tests revealed postfracture air flows
to be 24 to 105 times higher than prefracture air flows.
Measurements of ground surface heave and
observations of fractures venting to the ground surface
indicated that the fractures had effective radii of up to
20 feet from the injection point.
Soil gas data collected at the monitoring wells show
that the indigenous microbial populations responded
favorably to the injection of the soil amendments. Soil
gas data consistently showed elevated levels of carbon
dioxide immediately following each injection,
indicating increased rates of BTX mineralization.
Correspondingly, BTX concentration levels in the
wells gradually declined over time after depletion of
oxygen and nitrate, at which time methanogenic
processes began to dominate until the next subsurface
amendment injection.
Comparative analysis of soil samples extracted from
the site before and after the evaluation periodshowed
that a substantial amount of BTX was degraded as a
result of the integrated process. Total soil-phase BTX
was reduced from 28 kilograms to 6 kilograms over
the 50-week pilot test, corresponding to a 79 percent
reduction in total BTX mass. An assessment of
pathways of BTX loss from the formation showed a
large proportion of the mass reduction (85 percent)
was attributable to bioremediation.
Process development for this evaluation was supported
in part by the U.S. Department of Defense, Advanced
Research Projects Agency, and the Office of Naval
Research.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA CONTACT
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
John Schuring
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering
New Jersey Institute of Technology
University Heights
Newark, NJ 07102
973-596-5849
Fax:973-802-1946
e-mail: schuring@njit.edu
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(GHEA Associates Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The GHEA Associates process applies surfactants and
additives to soil washing and wastewater treatment to
make organic and metal contaminants soluble. In soil
washing, soil is first excavated, washed, and rinsed to
produce clean soil. Wash and rinse liquids are then
combined and treated to separate surfactants and
contaminants from the water. Next, contaminants are
separated from the surfactants by desorption and
isolated as a concentrate. Desorption regenerates the
surfactants for repeated use in the process.
The liquid treatment consists of a sequence of steps
involving phase separation, ultrafiltration, and air
flotation (see figure below). The treated water meets
all National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
groundwater discharge criteria, allowing it to be (1)
discharged without further treatment, and (2) reused in
the process itself or reused as a source of high quality
water for other users.
In wastewater treatment applications, surfactants
added to the wastewater adsorb contaminants. The
mixture is then treated in the same manner as
described above for (1) water purification,
(2) separation of the contaminants, and (3) recovery of
the surfactants. The treatment process yields clean
soil, clean water, and a highly concentrated fraction of
contaminants. No other residues, effluents, or
emissions are produced. The figure below illustrates
the GHEA process.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology can be applied to soil, sludges,
sediments, slurries, groundwater, surface water, end-
of-pipe industrial effluents, and in situ soil flushing.
Contaminants that can be treated include both organics
and heavy metals, nonvolatile and volatile organic
compounds, and highly toxic refractory compounds.
Contaminated
Soil
Surfactant
Extraction
_t L_
Liquid
Rinse
Clean
Soil
Recycle
Recycle
GHEA Process for Soil Washing
Page 102
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
STATUS:
The technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in June 1990. Treatabitity tests
were conducted on various matrices., including soils
with high clay contents, industrial oily sludges,
industrial wastewater effluents, and contaminated
groundwater (see table below). In situ soil flushing
tests have shown a 20-fold enhancement of
contaminant removal rates. Tests using a 25-gallon
pilot-scale plant have also been conducted. The
Emerging Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/509),
which details evaluation results, is available from
EPA. Costs for treatment range from $50 to $80 per
ton.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Annette Gatchett
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7697
Fax:513-569-7620
e-mail: gatchett.annette@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Itzhak Gotlieb
GHEA Associates
5 Balsam Court
Newark, NJ 07068
201-226-4642 Fax: 201-703-6805
_ suwwifcfty. ®B TBEATABiiiiTY TEST RESULTS . _ .
MATRIX .
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC): Trichioroethene;
1,2-Dichloroethene; Benzene; Toluene
Soil, parts per million (ppm)
Water, parts per billion (ppb)
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH):
Soil, ppm
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCS):
Soil, ppm
Water, ppb
Trinitrotoluene in Water, ppm
Coal Tar Contaminated Soil (ppm):
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Chrysene
Benzanthracene
Pyrene
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
Fluorene
Dibenzofuran
1 -Methylnaphthalene
2-Methylnaphthalene
Heavy Metals In Soil:
Chromium, ppm
Iron (III) in Water, ppm:
'ONTREATEex
SAMPLE'*
20.13
109.0
13,600
38O.OO
6,OOO.O
18O.O
28.8
24.1
48.6
37.6
124.2
83.6
207.8
92.7
58.3
88.3
147.3
21,000
30.8
TREATED
." • SAMPLE
O.05
2.5
80
O.57
<0.1
<.08
<0.1
4.4
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
99.9%
>99.5%
>99.7%
81.2%
>99.8%
>99.7%
>99.9%
>99.8%
>99.9%
>99.9%
>99.8%
98.5%
>99.9%
96.8%
99.O%
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 103
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PHARMACIA CORPORATION
(formerly Monsanto/DuPont)
(Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Lasagna™ process, so named because of its
treatment layers, combines electroosmosis with
treatment layers which are installed directly into the
contaminated soil to form an integrated, in-situ
remedial process. The layers may be configured
vertically or horizontally (see figures below). The
process is designed to treat soil and groundwater
contaminants completely in situ, without the use of
injection or extraction wells.
The outer layers consist of either positively or
negatively charged electrodes which create an
electrical potential field. The electrodes create an
electric field which moves contaminants in soil pore
fluids into or through treatment layers. In the vertical
configuration, rods that are steel or granular graphite
and iron filings can be used as electrodes. In the
horizontal configuration, the electrodes and treatment
zones are installed by hydraulic fracturing. Granular
graphite is used for the electrodes and the treatment
zones are granular iron (for zero-valent, metal-
enhanced, reductive dechloronation) or granular
activated carbon (for biodegradation by methanotropic
microorganisms).
The orientation of the electrodes and treatment zones
depends on the characteristics of the site and the
contaminants. In general, the vertical configuration is
probably more applicable to more shallow
contamination, within 50 feet of the ground surface.
The horizontal configuration, using hydraulic
fracturing or related methods, is uniquely capable of
treating much deeper contamination.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The process is designed for use in fine-grained soils
(clays and silts) where water movement is slow andit
is difficult to move contaminants to extraction wells.
The process induces water movement to transport
contaminants to the treatment zones so the
contaminants must have a high solubility or miscibility
in water. Solvents such as trichloroethylene and
soluble metal salts can be treated successfully while
low-solubility compounds such as polychlorinated
biphenyls and polyaromatic hydrocarbons cannot.
A. Horizontal Configuration
electrode wells
ound surface
Electrode
Electroosmotic
and Gravitational
Liquid Flow
Electrode
B. Vertical Configuration
ground surfac
Treatment Zone
Page 104
The SITE Program assesses but does noi
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
STATUS:
The Lasagna™ process (vertical configuration) was
accepted into the SITE Demonstration Program in
1995. Two patents covering the technology have been
granted to Monsanto, and the term Lasagna™ has also
been trademarked by Monsanto. Developing the
technology so that it can be used with assurance for
site remediation is the overall objective of the
sponsoring consortium.
DEMONSTRATION RESULTS:
The vertical configuration demonstration by
Pharmacia at the Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Paducah,
Kentucky, has been completed. The analysis of trends
in TCE contamination of soil before and after
Lasagna™ treatment indicated that substantial
decreases did occur and the technology can be used to
meet action levels.
The horizontal configuration demonstration by the
University of Cincinnati and EPA at Rickenbacker
ANGB (Columbus, OH) has been completed and both
cells decommissioned. The cells were installed in soil
containing TCE. The work demonstrated that
horizontal Lasagna™ installations are feasible and that
the installation results in some treatment of
contaminants. The extent of treatment of the TCE-
contaminated soil was not clear because of the small
size of the cells and transport of TCE into the cells
from adjacent contaminated areas.
In cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, EPA installed
two horizontal configuration Lasagna™ cells in TCE-
contaminated soil at Offutt AFB (Omaha, NE) in
November 1998. The cells have been in operation
since September 2000. An interim sampling in
December 2000 at the four locations with highest
concentrations in each cell showed slight decreases in
organic chloride in one cell, but these were not
statistically different from initial (pretreatment)
concentrations. A second interim sampling will be
conducted in June 2001 and the final (posttreatment)
sampling in September 2001.
FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Wendy Davis-Hoover
Michael Roulier, Ph.D.
EPA Research Team
U.S. EPA National Risk Management
Research Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7206 (Davis-Hoover)
513-569-7796 (Roulier)
Fax:513-569-7879
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER:
Sa V. Ho, Ph.D.
Monsanto Company
800 N. Lindbergh Boulevard
St. Louis, MO 63167
314-694-5179
Fax:314-694-1531
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 105
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PHYTOKINETICS, INC.
(Phytoremediation Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Phytoremediation is the treatment of contaminated
soils, sediments, and groundwater with higher plants.
Several biological mechanisms are involved in
phytoremediation. The plant's ability to enhance
bacterial and fungal degradative processes is important
in the treatment of soils. Plant-root exudates, which
containnutrients,metabolites,and enzymes, contribute
to the stimulation of microbial activity. In the zone of
soil closely associated with the plant root
(rhizosphere), expanded populations of metabolically
active microbes can biodegrade organic soil
contaminants.
The application of phytoremediation involves
characterizing the site and determining the proper
planting strategy to maximize the interception and
degradation of organic contaminants. Site monitoring
ensures that the planting strategy is proceeding as
planned. The following text discusses (1) using
grasses to remediate surface soils contaminated with
organic chemical wastes (Figure 1), and (2) planting
dense rows of poplar trees to treat organic
contaminants in the saturated groundwater zone
(Figure 2).
Soil Remediation - Phytoremediation is best suited for
surface soils contaminated with intermediate levels of
organic contaminants. Preliminary soil phytotoxicity
tests are conducted at a range of contaminant
concentrations to select plants which are tolerant. The
contaminants should be relatively nonleachable, and
must be within the reach of plant roots. Greenhouse-
scale treatability studies are often used to select
appropriate plant species.
Grasses are frequently used because of their dense
fibrous root systems. The selected species are planted,
soil nutrients are added, and the plots are intensively
cultivated. Plant shoots are cut during the growing
Phytoremediation of Surface Soil
Phytoremediation of the Saturated Zone
Page 106
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
season to maintain vegetative, as opposed to
reproductive, growth. Based on the types and
concentrations of contaminants, several growing
seasons may be required to meet the site's remedial
goals.
Groundwater Remediation - The use of poplar trees for
the treatment of groundwater relies in part on the tree's
high rate of water use to create a hydraulic barrier.
This technology requires the establishment of deep
roots that use water from the saturated zone.
Phytokinetics uses deep-rooted, water-loving trees
such as poplars to intercept groundwater plumes and
reduce contaminant levels. Poplars are often used
because they are phreatophytic; that is, they have the
ability to use water directly from the saturated zone.
A dense double or triple row of rapidly growing
poplars is planted downgradient from the plume,
perpendicular to the direction of groundwater flow.
Special cultivation practices are use to induce deep
root systems. The trees can create a zone of
depression in the groundwater during the summer
months because of their high rate of water use.
Groundwater contaminants may tend to be stopped by
the zone of depression, becoming adsorbed to soil
particles in the aerobic rhizosphere of the trees.
Reduced contaminant levels in the downgradient
groundwater plume would result from the degradative
processes described above.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
Phytoremediation is used for soils, sediments, and
groundwater containing intermediate levels of organic
contaminants.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Demonstration Program in 1995. The demonstration
will occur at the former Chevron Terminal # 129-03 50
site in Ogden, Utah. A total of 40 hybrid poplar trees
were planted using a deep rooting techniques in 1996
and data were collected through 1999 growing season.
DEMONSTRATION RESULTS:
Water removal rates estimated using a water use
multiplier and leaf area index to adjust a reference
evapo-ranspiration rate was 5 gallons per day per tree
in 1998 and 113 gallons per day per tree in 1999.
Water removal rates determined using SAP velocity
measurements done in September and Octoberof 1998
agreed closely with the estimated values. Although
the trees transpired a volume of water equivalent to a
10-ft thickness of the saturated zone, water table
elevation data collected in 1999 did not indicate a
depression in the water table.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Steven Rock
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7149
Fax:513-569-7105
e-mail: rock.steven@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Ari Ferro
Phytokinetics, Inc.
1770 North Research Parkway
Suite 110
North Logan, UT 84341-1941
435-750-0985
Fax: 435-750-6296
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 107
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Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PINTAIL SYSTEMS, INC.
(Spent Ore Bioremediation Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This technology uses microbial detoxification of
cyanide in heap ieach processes to reduce cyanide
levels in spent ore and process solutions. The
biotreatment populations of natural soil bacteria are
grown to elevated concentrations, which are applied to
spent ore by drip or spray irrigation. Process solutions
are treated with bacteria concentrates in continuous or
batch applications. This method may also enhance
metal remineralization, reducing acid rock drainage
and enhancing precious metal recovery to offset
treatment costs.
Biotreatment of cyanide in spent ore and ore
processing solutions begins by identifying bacteriathat
will grow in the waste source and that use the cyanide
for normal cell building reactions. Native isolates are
ideally adapted to the spent ore environment, the
availablenutrientpool,andpotentialtoxiccomponents
of the heap environment. The cyanide-detoxifying
bacteria are typically a small fraction of the overall
population of cyanide-tolerant species.
For this reason, native bacteria isolates are extracted
from the ore and tested for cyanide detoxification
potential as individual species. Any natural
detoxificationpotentialsdemonstrated in flask cyanide
decomposition tests are preserved and submitted for
bioaugmentation. Bioaugmentation of the cyanide
detoxification population eliminates nonworking
species of bacteria and enhances the natural
detoxification potential by growth in waste infusions
and chemically defined media. Pintail Systems, Inc.
(PSI) maintains a bacterial library of some 2,500
strains of microorganisms and a database of their
characteristics.
The working population of treatmentbacteria is grown
in spent ore infusion broths and process solutions to
adaptto field operating conditions. The cyanide in the
spent ore serves as the primary carbon or nitrogen
source for bacteria nutrition. Other required trace
nutrients are provided in the chemically defined
broths. The bacterial consortium is then tested on
spent ore in a 6-inch-by-10-foot column in the field or
in the laboratory. The column simulates leach pile
conditions, so that detoxification rates, process
completion, and effluent quality can be verified.
Following column tests, a field test may be conducted
to verify column results.
The spent ore is remediated by first setting up a stage
culturing system to establish working populations of
cyanide-degrading bacteria at the mine site. Bacterial
solutions are then applied directly to the heap using the
same system originally designed to deliver cyanide
solutions to the heap leach pads (see figure on
previous page). Cyanide concentrations and leachable
metals are then measured in heap leach solutions. This
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Page 108
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
method of cyanide degradation in spent ore leach pads
degrades cyanide more quickly than methods which
treat only rinse solutions from the pad. In addition to
cyanide degradation, biological treatment of heap
leach pads has also shown significant
biommeralizationand reduction of leachablemetals in
heap leachate solutions.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The spent ore bioremediationprocess can be applied to
treat cyanide contamination, spent ore heaps, waste
rock dumps, mine tailings, and process water from
gold and silver mining operations.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Demonstration Program in May 1994. The field
treatability study was conducted, at the Echo
Bay/McCoy Cover mine site near Battle Mountain,
Nevada, between June 11,1997 and August 26,1997.
DEMONSTRATION RESULTS:
Results from the study are summarized below:
The average % WAD CN reduction attributable to
the Biocyanide process was 89.3 during the period
from July 23 to August 26. The mean
concentration of the feed over this period was 233
ppm, while the treated effluent from the
bioreactors was 25 ppm. A control train, used to
detect abiotic loss of cyanide, revealed no
destruction of cyanide (average control affluent=
242 ppm).
• Metals that were monitored as part of this study
were As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Hg, Ni, Se, Ag, and
Zn. Significant reductions were noted fro all
metals except Fe and Mn. Average reduction in
metals concentration after July 23 for all other
metals were 92.7% for As 91.6% for Cd, 61.6%
for Co, 81,4% for Cu, 95.6% for Hg, 65.0% for
Ni, 76.3% for Se, 94.6% for Ag, and 94.6% for
Zn. Reductions for As, Cd, Co, and Se are
probably greater than calculated due to non-detect
levels in some effluent samples. A
biomineralization mechanism is proposed for the
removal of metals for solution. Biomineralization
is a process in which microbes mediate
biochemical reactions forming novel mineral
assemblages on solid matrices.
• The Aqueous Biocyanide Process was operated fro
two and one-half months. During the first 42 days
(June 11 to July 22) system performance was
variable, and occasional downtimes were
encountered. This was due to greatly higher
cyanide and metals concentration in the feedthan
was encountered during benchscale and design
phases of the project. Once optimized for the
more concentrated feed, the system performed
well with continuous operation for 35 days (July
23 to August 26). The ability to "re-engineer" the
system in the field to accommodate the new waste
stream is a positive attribute of the system.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Patrick Clark
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7561
Fax:513-569-7620
e-mail: clark.patrick@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Leslie Thompson
Pintail Systems, Inc.
4701 Ironton Street
Denver, CO 80239
303-367-8443
Fax:303-364-2120
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 109
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PSI TECHNOLOGIES,
A DIVISION OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC.
(Metals Immobilization and Decontamination of Aggregate Solids)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
PSI Technologies has developed a technology for
metals immobilization and decontamination of
aggregate solids (MelDAS) (see figure below). The
technology involves a modified incineration process in
which high temperatures destroy organic contaminants
in soil and concentrate metals into fly ash. The bulk of
the soil ends up as bottom ash and is rendered
nonleachable. The fly ash is then treated with a
sorbentto immobilizethe metals, as determined by the
toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. The
MelDAS process requires a sorbent fraction of less
than 5 percent by soil weight.
Standard air pollution control devices clean the
effluent gas stream. Hydrogen chloride and sulfur
dioxide, which may be formed from the oxidation of
chlorinated organics and sulfur compounds in the
waste, are cleaned by alkaline scrubbers. Flyash is
captured by a paniculate removal device, such as an
electrostatic precipitator or baghouse. The only solid
residues exiting the process are treated soils, which no
longer contain organics and will not leach toxic
metals.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The MelDAS process treats organics and heavy metals
in soils, sediments and sludges. The process has been
effective in treating arsenic, cadmium, chromium,
lead, nickel, and zinc.
The MelDAS process is applicable to wastes
contaminated with a combination of volatile metals
and complex organic mixtures of low volatility.
Possible MelDAS process applications include battery
waste sites and urban sites containing lead paint or
leaded gasoline, or chemical or pesticide manu-
facturing facilitiescontaminatedwithorganometallics.
(1) PARTICULAR REMOVAL
(2) ACID-GAS SCRUBBER
TREATED
SOIL/FLY ASH
DISCHARGE
MelDAS Process
Page 110
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
STATUS:
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1991. Bench-scale
testing under the SITE Program was completed in July
1992. The testing showed that organic, lead, and
arsenic wastes could be successfully treated with less
sorbent (1 to 10 percent of the soil by weight) than
previously anticipated. Pilot-scale testing occurred in
October 1992 and was completed in May 1993. The
Emerging Technology Report has been submitted to
EPA for review.
Initial testing, conducted under the EPA Small
Business Innovative Research program, has
demonstrated the feasibility of treating wastes
containing arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc.
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Mark Meckes
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7348
Fax:513-569-7328
e-mail: mecks.mark@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Joseph Morency
PSI Technologies, A Division of
Physical Sciences Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover,MA 01810
978-689-0003
Fax: 978-689-3232
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 111
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PULSE SCIENCES, INC.
(X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous Solutions)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
X-ray treatment of organically contaminated aqueous
solutions is based on the in-depth deposition of
ionizing radiation. X-rays collide with matter,
generating a shower of lower energy secondary
electrons within the contaminated waste material. The
secondary electrons ionize and excite the atomic
electrons, break up the complex contaminant
molecules, and form highly reactive radicals. These
radicals react with the volatile organic compounds
(VOC) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC)
to form nontoxic by-products such as water, carbon
dioxide, and oxygen.
An efficient, high-power, high-energy, linear induction
accelerator (LIA) plus X-ray converter generates the
X-rays used in the treatmentprocess. The LIA energy,
which must be small enough to avoid nuclear
activation and as large as possible to increase the
bremsstrahlung con version efficiency, will most likely
be in the range of 8 to 10 million electron volts (MeV).
A repetitive pulse of electrons 50 to 100 nanoseconds
long is directed onto a cooled converter of a high
atomic number metal to efficiently generate X-rays.
The X-rays then penetrate the container and treat the
waste materials contained within.
Based on coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo
transport code calculations, the effective penetration
depth of X-rays produced by converting 10-MeV
electrons is 32 centimeters in water after passing
through the side of a standard 55-gaIlon drum. Large
contaminant volumes can be easily treated without
absorbing a significant fraction of the ionizing
radiation in the container walls. Either flowing waste
or contaminated waste in stationary or rotating
containers can be treated. No additives are required
for the process, and in situ treatment is feasible. The
cost of high throughput X-ray processing is estimated
to be competitive with alternative processes which
decompose the contaminants.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
X-ray processing can treat a large number of organic
contaminants in aqueous solutions (groundwater,
liquids, leachates, or wastewater) without expensive
waste extraction or preparation. The technology has
successfully treated 17 organic contaminants, listed in
the table on the next page. No hazardous by-products
are predicted to form or have been observed in the
experiments.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in May 1991 and was completed
in April 1994. A 1.2-MeV, 800-ampere, 55-
nanosecond LIA gave a dose rate of 5 to 10 rads per
second. Twelve different VOCs and SVOCs found in
Superfund sites were irradiated in 21 aqueous matrices
prepared with a neat solution of the contaminant in
reagent grade water. The amount of X-ray dose (1
rad = 10"5 Joules per gram) required to decompose a
particular contaminant was a function of its chemical
bond structure and its reaction rate with the hydroxyl
radical. When carbonate and bicarbonate ions
(hydroxyl radical scavengers) were present in
contaminated well water samples, approximately five
times the X-ray dose was required to decompose
contaminants that react strongly with the hydroxyl
radical. The remediation rate of carbon tetrachloride,
which does not react with hydroxyl radicals, was not
affected.
An X-ray dose of 150 kilorads (krad) reduced the
moderate contamination levels in a well water sample
from a Superfund site at Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory (LLNL) to less than those set by the
California Primary Drinking Water Standards. For a
more highly contaminated LLNL well water sample,
experimental data suggested a 500-krad dose was
needed to reduce the contamination levels to drinking
water standards.
Page 112
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Proiect
In principle, the rate coefficients determined from the
data can be used to estimate the dose level required to
destroy mixtures of multiple'VOC contaminants and
OH- radical scavengers. However, these estimates
should be applied judiciously. Only the
experimentally determined destruction curves, based
on the remediation of test samples of the actual
mixture, can be used with confidence at the present.
The table below summarizes the X-ray treatment
results from the SITE evaluation.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Vicente Gallardo
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7176
Fax:513-569-7676
e-mail: gallardo.vincente@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Vernon Bailey
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
600 McCormick Street
San Leandro, CA 94577
510-632-5100, ext 227 Fax: 510-632-5300
e-mail: vbailey@titan.com
"• '
CONTAMINANT " , -
TCE
PCE
Chloroform
Methylene Chloride
Trans- 1 ,2-Dichloroethene
Cis-1 ,2-Dichloroethene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Carbon Telrachloride (CCL,)
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Xylene
Benzene/CCl4
Ethylbenzene/CCI,
Ortho-xylene/CCld
TCE
PCE
1,1-Dichloroethane
1 , 1 -Dichloroethene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Cis-1, 2-Dichloroethene
TCE
PCE
Chloroform
CCL
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
Freon
"
'JtSATRIX
Deionized Water
Contaminated Well
Water
LLNL Well Water
Sample #1
LLNL Well Water
Sample #2
-INTOL. -
'CONCENTRATION
-to*/-
9,780
10,500
2,000
270
260
13
590
180
240
150
890
240
262/400
1,000/430
221/430
3,400
500
< 10
25
13
14
5,000
490
250
14
38
11
71
FINAL
"CONOTntATKW
(ppb)'
<0.1
<0.1
4.4
3.1
078
<0.5
54
14
<0.5
<0.5
3.6
1.2
< 0.5/196
< 0.5/70.9
< 0.5/85
<0.5
<0.5
1
< l
2.0
<0.5
<1.0
1.6
81
4
17
6.8
32
- • •
CPDWS-" -
(ppb)
5
5
5
10
6
200
0.5
1
150
680
1,750
1/0.5
680/0.5
1,750/0.5
5
5
5
6
200
6
5
5
0.5
5
5
T \ 1
X-RAY DOSE ',
-(kf£4) - - ' . ' '
50.3
69.8
178
145.9
10.6
10'6
207.1
224
8.8
4 83
20.4
5.6
39.9/93.8
33.2/185
20.5/171
99.0
99.0
145.4
499
1454
49.9 '
291
291
291
291
291
291
291
parts per billion
California Primary Drinking Water Standards
Summary of X-ray Treatment Results
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 113
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PULSE SCIENCES, INC.
(X-Ray Treatment of Organically Contaminated Soils)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
X-ray treatment of organically contaminated soils is
based on in-depth deposition of ionizing radiation.
Energetic photons (X-rays) collide with matter to
generate a shower of lower- energy, secondary
electrons within the contaminated waste material.
These secondary electrons ionize and excite the atomic
electrons, break up the complex contaminant
molecules, and form highly reactive radicals. These
radicals reactwith contaminants to formnonhazardous
products such as water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen.
Other sources of ionizing radiation, such as ultraviolet
radiation or direct electron beam processing, do not
penetrate the treatable material deeply enough.
Ultraviolet radiation heats only the surface layer, while
a 1.5-million electron volt (MeV) charge penetrates
about 4 millimeters into the soil. X-rays, however,
penetrate up to 20 centimeters, allowing treatment of
thicker samples. In situ treatment, which reduces
material handling requirements, may also be possible
with X-ray treatment.
An efficient, high-power, high-energy, linear induction
accelerator (LIA) plus X-ray converter generates the
X-rays used in the treatment process (see figure
below). The LIA energy usually ranges from 8 to 10
MeV. A repetitive pulse of electrons 50 to 100
nanoseconds long is directed onto a cooled converter
of high atomic number to efficiently generate X-rays.
The X-rays penetrate and treat the organically
contaminated soils.
The physical mechanism by which volatile organic
compounds (VOC) and semivolatile organic
compounds (SVOC) are removed primarily depends
on the specific contaminant present. Because of the
moisture in contaminated soil, sludge, and sediments,
the shower of secondary electrons resulting from X-
ray deposition produces both highly oxidizing
hydroxyl radicals and highly reducing aqueous
electrons. While hazardous by-products may form
during X-ray treatment, contaminants and by-products,
if found, may be completely converted at sufficiently
high dose levels without undesirable waste residualsor
air pollution.
Waste
Treatment
Area
Conveyor
Waste
LIA
1-10 MeV
Electron
Beam
X-Kay
Converter
(Ta)
X-rays
X-Ray Treatment Process
Page 114
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Proj ect
X-rays can treat contaminated soil on a conveyor or
contained in disposal barrels. Because X-rays
penetrate about 20 centimeters into soil, large soil
volumes can be treated without losing a significant
fraction of the ionizing radiation in standard container
walls. Pulse Sciences, Inc., estimates that the cost of
high throughput X-ray processing is competitive with
alternativeprocessesthatdecomposethe contaminants.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
X-ray treatment of organically contaminated soils has
the potential to treat large numbers of contaminants
with minimum waste handling or preparation. Also,
X-ray treatment can be applied in situ. In situ
treatment may be of significant importance in cases
where it is impossible or impractical to reconfigure the
waste volume for the ionizing radiation range of
electrons or ultraviolet radiation. Treatable organic
contaminants include benzene, toluene, xylene,
trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, carbon
tetrachloride, chloroform, and poly chlorinated
biphenyls.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in 1993. A 1.2-MeV, 800-
ampere (amp), 50-watt LIA and a 10.8-MeV, 0.2-amp,
10,000-watt radio frequency (RF) linac will be used in
the program. The primary objectives are to (1)
demonstrate that X-ray treatment can reduce VOC
and SVOC levels in soils to acceptable levels, and
(2) determine any hazardous by-product that may be
produced.
Samples with identical initial contaminant
concentration levels will be irradiated at increasing
dose levels to determine (1) the rate (concentration
versus dose) at which the contaminants are being
destroyed, and (2) the X-ray dose required to reduce
organic contamination to acceptable levels. The 10.8-
MeV RF linac, which produces more penetrating X-
rays, should provide information on the optimum X-
ray energy for the treatment process. Increasing the
accelerator energy allows a more efficient conversion
from electrons to X-rays in the converter, but an upper
limit (about 10 MeV) restricts the energy treatment,
because higher energy activates the soil. The
experimental database will be used to develop a
conceptual design and cost estimate for a high
throughput X-ray treatment system.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
George Moore
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7991
Fax:513-569-7276
e-mail: moore.george@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Vernon Bailey
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
600 McCormick Street
San Leandro, CA 94577
510-632-5100 ext. 227
Fax:510-632-5300
e-mail: Vbailey@titan.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 115
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
RECRA ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
(formerly Electro-Pure Systems, Inc.)
(Alternating Current Electrocoagulation Technology)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The alternating current electrocoagulation (ACE)
technology offers an alternative to the use of metal
salts or polymers and polyelectrolyte addition for
breaking stable emulsions and suspensions. The
technology removes metals, colloidal solids and
particles, and soluble inorganic pollutants from
aqueous media by introducing highly charged
polymericaluminumhydroxidespecies. These species
neutralizetheelectrostaticcharges on suspended solids
and oil droplets to facilitate agglomeration or
coagulation and resultant separation from the aqueous
phase. The treatment prompts the precipitation of
certain metals and salts.
The figure below depicts the basic ACE process.
Electrocoagulation occurs in either batch mode,
allowing recirculation, or continuous (one-pass) mode
in an ACE fluidized bed separator. Electrocoagulation
is conducted by passing the aqueous medium through
the treatment cells in upflow mode. The
electrocoagulation cell(s) consist of nonconductive
piping equipped with rectilinearly shaped,
nonconsumable metal electrodes between which is
maintained a turbulent, fluidized bed of aluminum
alloy pellets.
Application of the alternating current electrical charge
to the electrodes prompts the dissolution of the
fluidized bed and the formation of the polymeric
hydroxide species. Charge neutralization is initiated
within the electrocoagulation cell(s) and continues
following effluent discharge. Application of the
electrical field prompts electrolysis of the water
medium and generates minute quantities of hydrogen
gas. The coagulated solids will often become
entrained in the gas, causing their flotation.
Attrition scrubbing of the fluidized bed pellets within
the cell inhibits the buildup of scale or coating on the
aluminum pellets and the face of the electrodes.
Coagulation and flocculation occur simultaneously
within the ACE cells as the effluent is exposed to the
electric field and the aluminum dissolves from the
fluidized bed.
The working volume of the fluidized bed cell,
excluding external plumbing, is 5 liters. The ACE
systems have few moving parts and can easily be
integrated into a process treatment train for effluent,
pretreatment, or polishing treatment. The ACE
technology has been designed into water treatment
systems which include membrane separation, reverse
osmosis, electrofiltration, sludge dewatering, and
thermo-oxidation technologies.
Vent or
Treated Gas
Air for
Turbulence
Alternating Current Electrocoagulation (ACE)
Page 116
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
System operating conditions depend on the chemistry
of the aqueous medium, particularly the conductivity
and chloride concentration. Treatment generally
requires application of low voltage (<135 VAC) and
operating currents of less than 20 amperes. The flow
rate of the aqueous medium through the treatment
cell(s) depends on the solution chemistry, the nature of
the entrained suspension or emulsion, and the
treatment objectives.
Product separation occurs in conventional gravity
separation devices or filtering systems. Each phase is
removed for reuse, recycling, additional treatment, or
disposal.
Current systems are designed to treat waste streams of
between 10 and 100 gallons per minute (gpm).
RECRA Environmental, Inc., maintains a bench-scale
unit (1 to 3 gpm) at its Amherst Laboratory for use in
conducting treatability testing.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The ACE technologytreats aqueous-based suspensions
and emulsions such as contaminated groundwater,
surface water runoff, landfill and industrial leachate,
wash and rinse waters, and various solutions and
effluents. The suspensions can includesolids such as
inorganic and organic pigments, clays, metallic
powders, metal ores, and colloidal materials.
Treatable emulsions include a variety of solid and
liquid contaminants, including petroleum-based by-
products.
The ACE technology has demonstrated reductions of
clay, latex, and various hydroxide loadings by over 90
percent. Chemical oxygen demand and total organic
carbon content of spiked slurries have been reduced by
over 80 percent. The technology has removed heavy
metals at between 55 and 99 percent efficiency.
Fluoride and phosphate have beenremoved at greater
than 95 percent efficiency. The system has been used
to recover fine-grained products which would
otherwise have been discharged.
STATUS:
The ACE technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1988. The
laboratory-scale testing was completed in June 1992.
The Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-92/011) and Emerging Technology
Summary (EPA/540/S-93/504) are available from
EPA. The research results are described in thelournal
of Air and Waste Management^ Volume 43, May 1993,
pp. 784-789, "Alternating CurrentElectrocoagulation
for Superfund Site Remediation."
Experiments on metals and complex synthetic slurries
have defined major operating parameters for broad
classes of waste streams. The technology has been
modified to minimize electrical power consumption
and maximize effluent throughput rates.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Bob Havas
RECRA Environmental, Inc.
10 Hazelwood Drive, Suite 110
Amherst, NY 14228-2298
716-636-1550
Fax:716-691-2617
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 117
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Remediation Technologies, Inc., biological
treatment technology uses aerobic cometabolic
organisms in fixed-film biological reactors to treat
gases contaminated with volatile chlorinated
hydrocarbons. Contaminated gases enter the bottom
of the 6-foot-talI reactor column and flow up through
a medium that has a high surface area and favorable
porosityfor gas distribution. Bothmethanotrophic and
phenol-degrading organisms have been evaluated
within the reactor. The figure below illustrates a
methanotrophic reactor.
In methanotrophic columns, methane and nutrients are
added to grow the organisms capable of degrading
volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons.
The organisms degrade these compounds into acids
and chlorides that can be subsequently degraded to
carbon dioxide and chloride. Because of intermediate
toxicity and competitive inhibition, methane-volatile
organic compound (VOC) feeding strategies are
critical to obtain optimum VOC degradation over the
long term.
Gas
Effluent
Nutrients
Column Ht = 6'
Dia = 5"
Toxic
Methane Material
Humidified
Air
I I
A
A
A
A
Sample
Taps
3' media
4" gravel
Drain
Methanotrophic Biofilm Reactor
Page 118
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
Methanotrophic bacteria from various soils were tested
to determine potential VOC compound degradation.
The optimal culture from this testing was isolated and
transferred to a bench-scale biofilm reactor, where
substrate degradation ratesper unit of biofilm surface
area were determined. Four pilot-scale biofilm
reactors were then established, with feeding strategies
and retention times based on earlier testing.
The following issues are investigated in the
methanotrophic biofilm reactors:
• Comparison of different media types
• Trichloroethene(TCE) removal across the columns
• TCE degradation rates
In addition to studies of the methanotrophic biofilm
reactors, a column was seeded with a filamentous
phenol-degrading consortia that grows well on phenol
in a nitrogen-limited solution. Phenol also induces
enzymes capable of rapid cometabolic degradation of
TCE.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology can treat gaseous streams of volatile
chlorinated hydrocarbons. These waste streams may
result from air stripping of contaminated groundwater
or industrial process streams, or from vacuum
extraction during in situ site remediation.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in summer 1992; the evaluation
was completed in 1995. The Emerging Technology
Report, which details results from the evaluation, is
being prepared.
TCE degradation rates in the pilot-scale biofilm
reactor were well below those previously measured in
laboratory testing or those reported in the literature for
pure cultures. The phenol-fed column was started on
a celite medium. TCE removal was superior to that in
the methanotrophic columns, even with sub-optimal
biomass development.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Dick Brenner
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7657
Fax:513-569-7105
e-mail: brenner.richard@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Hans Stroo
Remediation Technologies, Inc.
300 Skycrest Drive
Ashland, OR 97520
541-482-1404
Fax: 541-552-1299
e-mail: HstroofSRetec.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 119
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & RECOVERY
(formerly Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc.)
(AlgaSORB® Biological Sorption)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The AlgaSORB0 sorption process uses algae to
remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The
process takes advantage of the natural affinity for
heavy metal ions exhibited by algal cell structures.
The photograph below shows a portable effluent
treatment equipment (PETE) unit, consisting of two
columns operating either in series or in parallel. Each
column contains 0.25 cubic foot of AlgaSORB0, the
treatment medium. The PETE unit shown below can
treat waste at a flow rate of approximately 1 gallon per
minute (gpm). Larger systems have been designed and
manufactured to treat waste at flow rates greater than
100 gpm.
The AlgaSORB0 medium consists of dead algal cells
immobilized in a silica gel polymer. This
immobilizationservestwopurposes: (1) it protects the
algal cells from decomposition by other
microorganisms, and (2) it produces a hard material
that can be packed into columns that, when
pressurized, still exhibit good flow characteristics.
The AlgaSORB0 medium functions as a biological
ion-exchange resin to bind both metallic cations
(positively charged ions, such as mercury [Hg+2]) and
metallic oxoanions (negatively charged, large,
complex, oxygen-containing ions, such as selenate
[SeO4"2]). Anions such as chlorides or suifates are
only weakly bound or not bound at all. In contrast to
current ion-exchange technology, divalent cations
Portable Effluent Treatment Equipment (PETE) Unit
Page 120
The SITE Program assesses but does DOt
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Completed Project
typical of hard water, such as calcium (Ca+2)and
magnesium (Mg+2), or monovalent cations, such as
sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) do not significantly
interfere with the binding of toxic heavy metal ions to
the algae-silica matrix.
Like ion-exchange resins, AlgaSORB0 can be
regenerated. After the AlgaSORB0 medium is
saturated, the metals are removed from the algae with
acids, bases, or other suitable reagents. This
regeneration process generates a small volume of
solution containing highly concentrated metals. This
solution must undergo treatment prior to disposal.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology can remove heavy metal ions from
groundwater or surface leachatesthat are "hard" or that
contain high levels of dissolved solids. The process
can also treat rinse waters from electroplating, metal
finishing, and printed circuit board manufacturing
operations. Metals removed by the technology include
aluminum, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold,
iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel,
platinum, selenium, silver, uranium, vanadium, and
zinc.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the Emerging
Technology Program in 1988; the evaluation was
completed in 1990. Under the Emerging Technology
Program, the AlgaSORB® sorption process was tested
on mercury-contaminated groundwater at a hazardous
waste site in Oakland, California. Testing was
designed to determine optimum flow rates, binding
capacities, and the efficiency of stripping agents. The
Emerging Technology Report
(EPA/540/5-90/005a&b), Emerging Technology
Summary (EPA/540/ S5-90/005), and Emerging
Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/003) are
available from EPA. An article was also published in
the Journal of Air and Waste Management, Volume
41, No. 10, October 1991.
Based on results from the Emerging Technology
Program, Resource Management & Recovery was
invited to participate in the SITE Demonstration
Program.
The process is being commercialized for groundwater
treatment and industrial point source treatment.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Michael Hosea
Resource Management & Recovery
4980 Baylor Canyon Road
LasCruces,NM 88011
505-382-9228
Fax: 505-382-9228
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 121
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ROY F. WESTON, INC.
(Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Ambersorb* 563 adsorbent is a regenerable adsorbent
that treats groundwater contaminated with hazardous
organics (see figure below). Ambersorb® 563
adsorbent has 5 to 10 times the capacity of granular
activated carbon (GAC) for low concentrations of
volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Current GAC adsorption techniques require either
disposal or thermal regeneration of the spent carbon.
In these cases, the GAC must be removed from the site
and shipped as a hazardous material to the disposal or
regeneration facility.
Ambersorb® 563 adsorbent has unique properties
that provide the following benefits:
• Ambersorb® 563 adsorbent can be regeneratedpn
site using steam, thus eliminatingthe liability and
cost of off-site regeneration or disposal associated
with GAC treatment. Condensed contaminants are
recovered through phase separation.
• Because Ambersorb® 563 adsorbent has a much
higher capacity than GAC for volatile organics (at
low concentrations), the process can operate for
significantly longer service cycle times before
regeneration is required.
STEAM SUPPLY
REGENERATION
CYCLE)
TREATED WfVTER
CONCENTRATED
ORGANIC PHASE
CONTAMINATED
GROUNDWVTER
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
Page 122
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
* Ambersorb® 563 adsorbent can operate at higher
flow rate loadings than GAC, which translates into
a smaller, more compact system.
• Ambersorb® 563 adsorbents are hard, nondusting,
spherical beads with excellent physical integrity,
eliminating handling problems and attrition losses
typically associated with GAC.
• Ambersorb® 563 adsorbent is not prone to
bacterial fouling.
• Ambersorb® 563 adsorbent has extremely low
ash levels.
In addition, the Ambersorb® 563 carbonaceous
adsorbent-basedremediationprocess can eliminate the
need to dispose of by-products. Organics can be
recovered in a form potentially suitable for immediate
reuse. For example, removed organics could be
burned for energy in a power plant.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
Ambersorb 563 adsorbent is applicable to any water
stream containing contaminants that can be treated
with GAC, such as 1,2-dichIoroethane, 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, tetrachloroethene, vinyl chloride,
xylene, toluene, and other VOCs.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in 1993. The Emerging
Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/500), the
Emerging Technology Summary (EPA/540/SR-
95/516), and the Emerging Technology Report
(EPA/540/R-95/516) are available from EPA.
The Ambersorb® 563 technology evaluation was
conducted at the former Pease Air Force Base in
Newington, New Hampshire. The groundwater
contained vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethene, and
trichloroethene. The field study was conducted over
a 12-week period. The tests included four service
cycles and three steam regenerations. The effluent
from the Ambersorb® adsorbent system consistently
met drinking water standards. On-site steam
regeneration demonstrated that the adsorption capacity
of the Ambersorb® system remained essentially
unchanged following regeneration.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Joe Martino
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
1 Weston Way
West Chester, PA 19380-1499
610-701-6174
Fax:610-701-5129
Barbara Kinch
Rohm and Haas Company
5000 Richmond Street
Philadelphia, PA 19137
215-537-4060
Fax:215-943-9467
Note: Ambersorb® is a registered trademark of
Rohm and Haas Company.
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 123
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT OSWEGO,
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER
(Electrochemical Peroxidation of PCB-Contaminated Sediments and Waters)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Environmental Research Center at the State
University of New York at Oswego (SUNY) has
developed an electrochemical peroxidation process
widely applicable for the treatment of liquid wastes
and slurries with low solids content. The process
treats mixed waste by using (1) oxidative free radicals
to attack organic contaminants, and (2) adsorptive
removal of metals from liquid waste streams. Initial
testing indicates destructive efficiencies greater than
99 percent for a variety of compounds including
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), volatile organic
compounds, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene,
MTBE, organic dyes, and microbes.
The process involves combining Fenton' s reagent with
a small electrical current. In a batch treatment process,
steel electrodes are submersed into the waste to be
treated; solid particles are suspended by mechanical
mixing or stirring. Hydrogen peroxide and iron are
introduced from the electrodes as a low direct current
is applied.
The iron and hydrogen peroxide instantaneously react
to form free radicals, which oxidize organic
contaminants. Free radicals are also produced by the
reaction of the peroxide with solvated electrons. The
process can be significantly enhanced by pH
adjustment, periodic current reversal, and use of
proprietary enhancements.
Metals readily adsorb to the iron hydroxide by-
product, and the metals can then be separated by
precipitation or flocculation. The volume of by-
products may be reduced and the metals may be
removed by solids separation. In specific applications,
select metals may be plated onto electrodes and
recovered.
Contaminated Liquids,
Solids, Slurries (1)
DC Current (2a)
Iron
Hydroxide (9)
Metal
Hydroxides (11)
Mixing
Containment
Vessel (2)
Liquid/Solid
Separation (8)
Water (12)
Acid (3)
Co-solvent (4)
Zero Valent Iron (5)
Ferrous Iron (6)
Hydrogen Peroxide (7)
Solids (10)
Discharge
Pilot-Scale Electrochemical Peroxidation System
Page 124
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This process is capable of treating liquids and slurries
containing a variety of contaminants, including
oxidizable organic compounds and metals. The
process may be applied to industrial process wastes
(textiles, pulp and paper, food industry)., landfill
leachates, gasoline- or solvent-contaminated
groundwater, pesticide rinsates, or other liquid wastes.
STATUS:
The technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in November 1993 to evaluate
photochemical methods of destroying PCBs in water
and sediment. The evaluation was complete in 1995.
During research related to the initial SITE evaluation,
which focused on photocatalytic processes, a new
technology (electrochemical peroxidation) was
discovered. Electrochemical peroxidation has distinct
advantages over photochemical processes, and its
development was pursued. A pilot-scale continuous
flow treatment system has been constructed with a
local remediation firm and was tested at a gasoline-
contaminated groundwater site in winter of 1998/99.
In situ application of the process were conducted at a
gasoline spill site during spring, 1999. The process
was used to reduce chlorinated solvents (TCE, DCE,
PCE) and petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated
groundwater at a large Air Force Base in 1998.
Since completing the SITE project, they have
developed and are in the process of patenting a
peroxide release system that can be deployed at remote
sites to address chlorinated and non-chlorinated
organic compounds in situ as well as add oxygen to
the groundwater to affect aerobic degradation. This
process uses a battery operated pump to inject H2O2
into the groundwaterto delivera peroxide solution that
readily changes a plume to an aerobic state at a
fraction of the cost of other oxygen release
compounds. A pilot scale demonstration conducted at
a Saratoga Springs site in New York on about
3,000,000 gallons of BTEX and MTBE contaminated
groundwater reduced the contaminant concentrations
to below detect within 6 months and increased the
dissolved oxygen concentration from <0.5 to >9.0.
Because H2O2 is >90% oxygen, the relative cost of the
increased dissolved oxygen is about 1/3 that of
commercially available oxygen release compounds.
Additionally, in well inserts are now available to be
used in existing 2.6" monitoring and/or recovery wells
to slowly, gravity or pump release a peroxide solution
to the groundwater to affect inn situ Fenton' s Reagent
Reactions and alter the redox of the impacted
groundwater. These products are currently available
through EBSI, a New Jersey based remediation firm.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7571
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Ronald Scrudato
Jeffrey Chiarenzelli
Environmental Research Center
319PiezHall
State University of New York at Oswego
Oswego,NY 13126
315-341-3639
Fax:315-341-5346
e-mail: scrudato@Oswego.EDU
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 125
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
THERMATRIX, INC.
(formerly PURUS, INC.)
(Photolytic Oxidation Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The photolytic oxidation process indirectly destroys
volatile organic compounds (VOC) in soil and
groundwater. The process uses a xenon pulsed-plasma
flash-lamp that emits short wavelength ultraviolet
(UV) light at very high intensities. The process strips
the contaminants into the vapor phase, and the UV
treatment converts the VOCs into less hazardous
compounds.
Photolysis occurs when contaminants absorb sufficient
UV light energy, transforming electrons to higher
energy states and breaking molecular bonds (see figure
below). Hydroxyl radicals, however, are not formed.
The process requires the UV light source to emit
wavelengths in the regions absorbed by the
contaminant. An innovative feature of this technology
is its ability to shift the UV spectral output to optimize
the photolysis.
The process uses vacuum extraction or air stripping to
volatilize VOCs from soils or groundwater,
respectively. VOCs then enterthe photolysis reactor,
where a xenon flashlamp generates UV light. The
plasma is produced by pulse discharge of electrical
energy across two electrodes in the lamp. Ninety-nine
percent destruction occurs within seconds, allowing
continuous operation. Because organics are destroyed
in the vapor phase, the process uses less energy than a
system treating dissolved organics.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The photolytic oxidation process is designed to destroy
VOCs, including dichloroethene (DCE),
tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), and
vinyl chloride volatilized from soil or groundwater.
Destruction of other VOCs, such as benzene, carbon
tetrachloride, and 1,1,1-trichloro-ethane, is under
investigation.
STATUS:
The photolytic oxidation process was accepted into the
SITE Emerging Technology Program in March 1991.
Field testing of a full-scale prototype began in October
1991. The test was conducted at the Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory Superfund site in
California. The site contains soil zones highly
contaminated with TCE.
During the field test, a vacuum extraction system
delivered contaminated air to the unit at air flows up to
500 cubic feet per minute (cfm). Initial TCE
concentrations in the air were approximately 25.0 parts
per million by volume. The contaminant removal goal
for the treatment was 99 percent. Vapor-phase carbon
filters were placed downstream of the unit to satisfy
California Air Quality emission control requirements
during the field test. Test results are discussed below.
The Final Report (EPA/540/R-93/516), the Summary
Report (EPA/540/SR-93/5I6), and the Technology
Bulletin (EPA/540/F-93/501) have been published.
Cl
Cl/
Cl
/
\H
UV
TCE
CO+ HCI
UV Photolysis of TCE
Page 126
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
The low-wavelength UV emissions allowed direct
photolysis of many VOCs, particularly chlorinated
compounds and freons, that would not have been
possible with commercial mercury vapor lamps. TCE,
PCE, and DCE were quickly destroyed. To be rapidly
photolyzed, some VOCs require photosensitizationor
an even lower-wavelength light source.
TCE results are shown in the table below. TCE
removal yielded undesirable intermediates. Greater
than 85 percent of the TCE chain photo-oxidation
product is dichloroacetyl chloride (DCAC). Further
oxidation of DCAC is about 100 times slower than
TCE photolysis and forms dichlorocarbonyl (DCC) at
about 20 percent yield. At this treatment level, the
DCC concentration may be excessive, requiring
additional treatment. Further studies should focus on
(1) the effectiveness of dry or wet scrubbers for
removing acidic photo-oxidation products, (2)
development of thermal or other methods for
posttreatment of products such as DCAC, and (3) the
use of shorter-wavelength UV lamps or catalysts to
treat a broader range of VOCs.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Norma Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7665
Fax:513-569-7787
e-mail: lewis.norma@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Ed Greene
Thermatrix, Inc.
101 Metro Drive, Suite 248
San Jose, CA 95110
865-593-4606 ext. 3206
Fax: 865-691-7903
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 127
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
TRINITY ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(PCB- and Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil Detoxification)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This technology uses an aprotic solvent, other
reagents, and heat to dehalogenate poly chlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) in solids to inert biphenyl and
chloride salts (see figure below). First, solid material
is sized to allow better contact between the reagents
and PCBs. In a continuous flow reactor, the soils are
heated to drive off excess water. Reagents are then
added to destroy the PCBs.
The reagent, consisting of a solvent and an inorganic
alkali material, completely strips chlorine from the
PCB molecule. Excess alkali can be easily neutralized
and is reusable in the process. Treated soil can be
returned to the excavation once analytical results show
that PCBs have been destroyed.
Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analyses of
processed PCB materials show that the process
produces no toxic or hazardous products.
A chlorine balance confirms that PCBs are completely
dehalogenated. To further confirm chemical
dehalogenation, inorganic and total organic chloride
analyses are also used. The average total chloride
recovery for treated soils is greater than 90 percent.
The commercial process is expected to be less costly
than incineration but more expensive than land
disposal. Since no stack emissions are produced,
permitting the process for a remediation would be
easier than incineration.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The process can treat many different solid and sludge-
type materials contaminated with PCB Aroclor
mixtures, specific PCB congeners, pentachlorophenol,
and individual chlorinated dioxin isomers. However,
other chlorinated hydrocarbons such as pesticides,
herbicides, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans could
also be treated by this technology.
PCB
Contaminated
Soil
'
Soil Particle
Sizing
1
Particle
Screening
'
k
Alkali
Reagent
.
Soil Heated
to Remove
Moisture
i
PCBs
Removed
From Water
i
PCB
intoP
Solids
/ded
rocess
Aprotic
^,
neat
Maintained
to Promote
Dehalogenation
Reaction
Solvent Purified
to Remove
Any Soil Fines
T
Solvent Excess Alkali
Recovered from jn Non-PCB Soil
^ Non-PCB Soil „..> fc Ne
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February 2003
Completed Project
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1990. The current system
was developed by researchers in early 1991, after the
original aqueous, caustic-based system proved
ineffective at destroying PCBs.
The SITE project was completed in 1992. Trinity is
investigating further improvements to the technology.
Due to cost limitations, no commercialization of the
investigated process is expected. A final report will
not be published.
In bench-scale studies, synthetically contaminated
materials have been processed to eliminate
uncertainties in initial PCB concentration. This
chemical process has reduced PCB concentrations
from 2,000 parts per million (ppm) to less than 2 ppm
in about 30 minutes using moderate power input.
Further laboratory experiments are underway to
determine the reaction mechanism and to enhance
PCB destruction. Through additional experimentation,
Trinity Environmental Technologies, Inc., expects to
reduce processing time through better temperature
control, more efficient mixing, and possibly more
aggressive reagents.
A modular pilot-scale processor has been planned that
uses several heating zones to preheat and dry the
contaminated soil, followed by PCB destruction. The
pilot process would be capable of processing 1 ton per
hour initially. Additional modules could be added to
increase process capacity, as needed. Contaminated
soils from actual sites will be used to test the pilot-
scale processor instead . of the synthetically
contaminated soils used in bench-scale testing.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Paul dePercin
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7797
Fax:513-569-7105
e-mail: depercin.paul@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Duane Koszalka
Trinity Environmental Technologies, Inc.
62 East First Street
Mound Valley, KS 67354
316-328-3222
Fax:316-328-2033
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 129
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY
(formerly AEA Technology Environment)
(Soil Separation and Washing Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
AEA Technology Environment (AEA) has developed
an ex situ soil separation and washing process that
uses mineral processing technology and hardware.
The process can be used (1) as a volume reduction
process to release clean soil fractions and concentrate
contaminants, or (2) as a pretreatment stage in a
treatment train.
Because each contaminated soil isdifferent, AEA has
developed a custom physical treatment process for soil
using a three-stage process: laboratory-scale
characterization, separation testing and assessment,
and treatment and data analysis.
AEA is experienced in conducting pilot plant testing
programs on contaminated soil and mineral ores. In
addition, AEA uses computer software designed to
reconcile material flow data. The results of data
processing lead to recommendations for full-scale
continuous flow sheets with predicted flows of solids,
associated contaminant species, and water.
Contaminant levels and distributions to the various
products can also be estimated. Such data are required
to estimate the cost and potential success of the full-
scale remediation process plant. Flow sheet
configuration is flexible and can be customized to
address the nature and contamination of each soil or
waste. A typical schematic flow sheet of the process
is shown in the diagram on the previous page. The
flow sheet involves screening the raw feed at 50
millimeters (mm) under powerful water jets to
deagglomerate the mass. Debris greater than 50 mm
in size is often decontaminated. Remaining solids and
the water are passed through a drum scrubber that
deagglomerates the mass further because agitation is
more intense. It breaks down clay lumps and adhering
material into suspension, except for surface coatings of
clay and oil on fine particles. The drum scrubber
discharge is screened at 1 mm, and the oversize
discharge is screened at 10 mm. The 10 to 50 mm size
range is often clean debris; if it is not clean men it can
lQ-5ornm
Oversize
1-1Omm
(Batched lor
Jigging)
Slimes for
Flocculati
and Sedlmentatio.
High Pressure Water
Feed Soil
-==0=0
a- 0.5mm
Conta ml nated
Product
1 Alternative option is to use spiral separator.
2 Alternative option Is to use multi-gravity separator.
Generalized Flowsheet for the Physical Treatment of Contaminated Soil
Page 130
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
be crushed and refed to the system. Material from 1 to
10 mm is often contaminated and requires further
treatment.
For all material less than 1 mm, the clay and water are
removed by hydrocycloning. The fine product, less
than 10 micrometers (m), is flocculated and thickened
to recover the process water for recycling. Thickened
clay product, usually containing concentrated
contaminants, passes to further treatment or disposal.
Sands from the hydrocycloning step are further
dewatered in a classifier before the third and most
intense deagglomeration operation.
An attrition scrubber removes the remaining surface
contamination and degrades fine clayballs. Having
completed deagglomeration, the soil is fractionated by
particle size or separated by specific gravity. A second
stream of particles less than 10 mm is removed by
hydrocycloning and joins the primary product stream.
Finer sands and silt are screened at 500 mm to yield a
contaminated sand for disposal orretreatment A lOto
500 mm fraction can be separated magnetically, by
flotation, by multigravity separation, or by a
combination of these methods. These stages produce
a contaminant concentrate, leaving the remaining
material relatively contaminant free.
The soil separation and washing process is designed to
remove metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from soil. The
process may be applied to soils from gas and coke
works, petrochemical plants, coal mines, iron and steel
works, foundries, and nonferrous smelting, refining,
and finishing sites. The process can also treat
sediments, dredgings, sludges, mine tailings, and some
industrial wastes.
STATUS:
The technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1991 and completed in
1994. A Final Report was delivered to the U.S. EPA
in 1994, and work done with this technology was
presented the same year at the 87* Annual Meeting
and Exhibition of the Air and Waste Management
Association, the 20th Annual RREL Hazardous Waste
Research Symposium, and the 5th Forum on Innovative
Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies: Domestic
and International. Pilot trials were conducted on 30
tons of soil at a throughput rate of 0.5 ton per hour.
Several test runs were performed to evaluate different
flow sheet configurations. Reports on this technology
can be obtained from the U.S. EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Mary Stinson
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
MS-104, Building 10
2890 Woodbridge Avenue
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
723-321-6683
Fax:723-321-6640
e-mail: stinson.mary@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Mike Pearl
UKAEA
Marshall Building
521 Downsway
Harwell, Didcot
Oxfordshire OX11ORA England
Telephone No.: 011-44-1235-435-377
Fax:011-44-1235-436-930
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 131
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON RESEARCH INSTITUTE
(Photothermal Detoxification Unit)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Photolytic reactions (reactions induced by exposure to
ultraviolet [UV] light) can destroy certain hazardous
organic wastes at relatively low temperatures.
However, most photochemical processes offer
relatively limited throughput rates and cannot
completely mineralize the targeted wastes. For
aqueous waste streams, these problems have been
partially addressed by using indirect photochemical
reactions involving a highly reactive photolytic
initiator such as hydrogen peroxide or heterogeneous
catalysts. Recently, the University of Dayton
Research Institute (UDRI) developed a photolytic
detoxification process to treat the gas waste streams.
This process is clean and efficient and offers the speed
and general applicability of a combustion process.
The photothermal detoxification unit (PDU) uses
phototherma! reactions conducted at temperatures
higher than those used in conventional photochemical
processes (200 to 500°C versus 20°C), but lower than
combustion temperatures (typically greater than
1,000°C). At these elevated temperatures,
photothermal reactions are energetic enough to destroy
many wastes quickly and efficiently without producing
complex and potentially hazardous by-products.
The PDU is a relatively simple device, consisting of an
insulated reactorvessel illuminated with high-intensity
UV lamps. As shown in the figure below, the lamps
are mounted externally for easy maintenance and
inspection. Site remediation technologies that
generate high-temperature gas streams, such as
thermal desorption or in situ steam stripping, can
incorporate the PDU with only slight equipment
modifications. The PDU can be equipped with a pre-
heater for use with soil vapor extraction (SVE).
Furthermore, the PDU can be equipped with
conventional air pollution control devices for removal
of acids and suspended particulates from the treated
process stream. The PDU shown in the figure below
is also equipped with built-in sampling ports for
monitoring and quality assurance and quality control.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
According to UDRI, the PDU has proven extremely
effective at destroying the vapors of polychlorinated
biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins,
polychlorinated dibenzofurans, aromatic and aliphatic
ketones, and aromatic and aliphatic chlorinated
solvents, as well as brominated and nitrous wastes
found in soil, sludges, and aqueous streams. The PDU
can be incorporated with most existing and proposed
Mounting
Flange
Gas Inlet
Thermally Insulated
Reactor Vessel
©
Sampling Ports (4)
External UV Lamp
Assemblies (3)
SupportiTransportati on
Pallet
©
Exhaust
Sampling Ports (4)
Photothermal Detoxification Unit (PDU)
Page 132
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
remediation processes for clean, efficient, on-site
destruction of the off-gases. More specifically, high-
temperature processes can directly incorporate the
PDU; SVE can use the PDU fitted with a preheater;
and groundwater remediation processes can use the
PDU in conjunction with air stripping.
STATUS:
The technology was accepted into the Emerging
Technology Program in August 1992, and
development work began in December 1992. The
evaluation was completed in 1994. The Emerging
Technology Report (EPA/540/R-95/526), the
Emerging Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/505)
and the Emerging Technology Summary
(EPA/540/SR-95/526) are available from EPA. An
article was also published in the Journal of Air and
Waste Management, Volume 15, No. 2, 1995.
Emerging Technology Program data indicate that the
technology performs as expected for chlorinated
aromatic wastes, such as dichlorobenzene and
tetrachloro-dibenzodioxin,and better than expected for
relatively light chlorinated solvents, such as
trichloroethene (TCE) andtetrachloroethene. Further
tests with selected mixtures, including benzene,
toluene, ethyl-benzene,xylene, TCE, dichlorobenzene,
and water vapor, show that the process is effective at
treating wastes typically found at many remediation
sites. Adequate scaling and performance data are now
available to proceed with the design and development
of prototype full-scale units for field testing and
evaluation.
Through prior programs with the U.S. Department of
Energy, technology effectiveness has been thoroughly
investigated using relatively long wavelength UV light
(concentrated sunlight with wavelengths greater than
300 nanometers). Limited data have also been
generated at shorter wavelengths (h igher energy) us ing
available industrial UV illumination systems.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Annette Gatchett
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569*7955
Fax:513-569-7620
e-mail: gatchett.annett@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
John Graham
Environmental Sciences and
Engineering Group
University of Dayton Research Institute
300 College Park
Dayton, OH 45469-0132
937-229-2846
Fax: 937-229-2503
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 133
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
(Concentrated Chloride Extraction and Recovery of Lead)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This technology recovers lead from soils using an
aqueous solvent extraction process that takes
advantageof the high solubility of chlorocomplexesof
lead. The extract solution contains greater than 4
molar sodium chloride and operates at a pH of 4. The
figure below depicts a bench-scale model of the three-
stage continuous countercurrent pilot plant used to
study the process.
To operate the pilot plant, soil is sieved to remove
particles greater than 1.12 millimeters in diameter.
The soil is then placed hi the first chloride extraction
tank (Ml) for extraction with concentrated chloride
solution. The resulting soil and solvent slurry passes
into a thickener (SI). The soil and solvent slurry has
an average residence time of 1 hour in each extraction
tank in the system.
The bottoms of the thickener flow by gravity to the
second chloride extraction tank (M2). The solution
exiting the second chloride extraction tank flows to the
second thickener (S2). The bottoms of the second
thickener feed the third stage.
The third stage is the last soil stage and the first
solvent stage; fresh solvent enters the system at stage
three. The bottoms of the third thickener (S3) flow by
gravity into the soil rinse system (VF1) to remove
excess salt. Soil rinsed in VF1 is clean product soil.
The overflows from S3 pass to M2, the overflows
from S2 pass to the Ml, and the overflows from SI
ppt.
P3
Dl Rinse Water
Treated soil
Vacuum JJff VF1
Concentrated Chloride Extraction and Recovery
of Lead (Bench-Scale Process)
Page 134
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
pass to the lead precipitation system (M4/S4). In
M4/S4, lead hydroxide [(Pb(OH)2] is recovered by
simply raising the pH of the spent extraction solution
to 10. After Pb(OH)2 removal, the spent chloride
solution flows to the solvent makeup unit (Tl) where
it is acidified to pH 4 in preparation for reuse.
This technology produces (1) treated soil, suitable for
replacement on site, and (2) Pb(OH)2 that may be
suitable for reprocessing to recover pure lead. The
ease of solvent regeneration minimizes waste disposal.
Solvent recycling is very successful, and pilot-plant
tests have required little or no salt or water makeup.
The pilot plant has treated soil from two lead battery
waste sites (LEWS). One LEWS soil contained a high
percentage of fines (about 50 percent clay and silt),
and the other contained a low percentage of fines (less
than 20 percent clay and silt). The pilot plant's
method of transferring soil by gravity eases much of
the soil handling problems typical of high clay soils.
After treatment, both soils easily passed the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure test. The total lead
concentration in the high fines and low fines soil was
reduced from 7 percent to about 0.15 percent and from
1.5 percent to 0.07 percent, respectively.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology removes high concentrations of lead
from soil, particularly at LEWS, while producing a
treated soil that can be used as backfill and a
recyclable, concentrated lead salt.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in September 1994. Batch
extraction testing was completed in 1995. Treatability
tests using the pilot plant to process high and low fines
soils were completed in August 1996. The high fines
soil came from a LEWS located in Houston, Texas,
and the low fines soil came from the Sapp Battery
National Priority List site in Florida. Future plans
include expanding the applications of the technology
by studying its effect on other wastes in soils. The
technology evaluation was scheduled to be completed
by August 1998.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Terry Lyons
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7589
e-mail: lyons.terry@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Dennis Clifford
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
University of Houston
4800 Calhoun Street
Houston, TX 77204-4791
713-743-4266
Fax:713-743-4260
e-mail: DACIifford@uh.edu
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 135
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
(In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The in situ acid water mitigation process addresses the
acid drainage problem associated with exposed
sulfide-bearingminerals from sources including mine
waste rock and abandoned metallic mines. Acid
drainage forms under natural conditions when iron
disulfides are exposed to the atmosphere and water,
spontaneously oxidizing them to produce a complex of
highly soluble iron sulfates and salts. These salts
hydrolyze to produce an acid-, iron-, and
sulfate-enriched drainage that adversely affects the
environment.
The in situ mitigation strategy modifies the hydrology
and geochemical conditions of the site through land
surface reconstruction and selective placement of
limestone.
Limestone is used as the alkaline source material
because it has long-term availability, is generally
inexpensive, and is safe to handle. For the chemical
balances to be effective, the site must receive enough
rainfall to produce seeps or drainages thatcontinually
contact the limestone. Rainfall, therefore, helps to
remediate the site, rather than increasing the acid
drainage.
During mine construction, lysimeters and limestone
chimneys are installed to collect surface runoff and
funnel it into the waste rock dump. Acidic material is
capped with impermeable material to divert water
from the acid cores. This design causes the net acid
load to be lower than the alkaline load, resulting in
benign, nonacid drainage.
Overview of Site Lysimeters
Page 136
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The technology mitigates acid drainage from
abandoned waste dumps and mines. It can be applied
to any site in a humid area where limestone is
available.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in March 1990. Studies under
the Emerging Technology Program are complete. A
peer-reviewed journal article has been prepared and
submitted.
For the SITE evaluation, six large-scale lysimeters (12
feet wide, 8 feet high, and 16 feet deep) were
constructed and lined with 20-mil polyvinyl chloride
plastic (see photograph on previous page). The
lysimeters drained through an outlet pipe into
55-gallon collection barrels. Piezometers in the
lysimeter floor monitored the hydrology and chemistry
of the completed lysimeter. During June 1991,50 tons
of acid-producing mine waste rock was packed into
each lysimeter.
The effluent from each lysimeter was monitored for 1
year to establish a quality baseline. In the second
phase of the study, selected lysimeters were topically
treated, maintaining two lysimeters as controls to
compare the efficacy of the acid abatement strategy.
In addition, a rain gauge was installed at the site for
mass balance measurements. An ancillary study
correlating laboratory and field results is complete.
In the last phase of the 3-year study, little if any
leachate was collected due to drought conditions in the
southeast U.S. With the return of normal rainfall,
sufficient leachate was collected to compare the
treated lysimeters against the controls to evaluate the
treatment's effectiveness. The treated lysimeters, in
general, showed a 20 to 25 percent reduction in acid
formation. The acidities measured about 10,000
milligrams per liter (mg/L) for the untreated
lysimeters, while acidities from the treated lysimeters
measured about 7,000 mg/L. This study was
conducted on a very high acid-producing waste rock,
representing a near worst-case situation. The process
should be more successful on milder acid sources.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Roger Wilmoth
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7509
Fax:513-569-7787
e-mail: wilmoth.roger@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Gwen Geidel
Department of Environmental Sciences
University of South Carolina
Columbia, SC 29208
803-777-5340
Fax:803-777-4512
E-mail: Geidel(Senviron.sc.edu
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 137
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
(Adsorptive Filtration)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Adsorptive filtration removes inorganiccontaminants
(metals) from aqueous waste streams. An adsorbent
ferrihydrite is applied to the surface of an inert
substrate such as sand, which is then placed in one of
three vertical columns (see figure below). The
contaminated waste stream is adjusted toa pH of 9 to
10 and passed through the column. The iron-coated
sand grains in the column act simultaneously as a filter
and adsorbent. When the column's filtration capacity
is reached (indicated by particulate breakthrough or
column blockage), the column is backwashed. When
the adsorptive capacity of the column is reached
(indicated by break-through of soluble metals), the
metals are removed and concentrated for subsequent
recovery with a pH-induced desorption process.
Sand can be coated by ferrihydrite formed when either
iron nitrate or iron chloride salts react with sodium
hydroxide. The resulting ferrihydrite-coated sand is
insoluble at a pH greater than 1; thus, acidic solutions
can be used in the regeneration step to ensure complete
metal recovery. The system does not appear to lose
treatment efficiency after numerous regeneration
cycles. Anionic metals such as arsenate, chromate,
and selenite can be removed from the solution by
treating it at a pH near 4 and regenerating it at a high
pH. The system has an empty bed retention time of 2
to 5 minutes.
This technology offers several advantages over
conventional treatment technologies. These
advantages are its ability to (1) remove both dissolved
and suspended metals from the waste stream,
(2) remove a variety of metal complexes, (3) work in
the presence of high concentrations of background
ions, and (4) remove anionic metals.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This adsorptive filtration process removes inorganic
contaminants, consisting mainly of metals, from
aqueous waste streams. It can be applied to aqueous
waste streams with a wide range of contaminant
concentrations and pH values.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in January 1988; the evaluation
was completed in 1992. The Emerging Technology
Report (EPA/540/R-93/515), Emerging Technology
Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/515), and Emerging
Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F- 92/008) are
available from EPA.
During the SITE evaluation, synthetic solutions
containing cadmium, copper, or lead at concentrations
of 0.5 part per million (ppm) were treated in packed
columns using 2-minute retention times. After
approximately 5,000 bed volumes were treated,
effluent concentrations were about 0.025 ppm for each
metal, or a 95 percent removal efficiency. The tests
were stopped, although the metals were still being
removed. In other experiments, the media were used
to adsorb copper from wastewater containing about
7,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) copper.
The first batch of regenerant solutions contained
cadmium and lead at concentrations of about 500 ppm.
With initial concentrations of 0.5 ppm, this represents
a concentration factor of about 1,000 to 1. Data for the
copper removal test have not been analyzed. At a flow
rate yielding a 2-minute retention time, the test would
have taken about 7 days of continuous flow operation
to treat 5,000 bed volumes. Regeneration took about
2 hours.
Page 138
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February 2003
Completed Project
The system has also been tested for treatmentof rinse
waters from a copper-etching process at a printed
circuit board shop. The coated sand was effective in
removing mixtures of soluble, complexed, and
particulate copper, as well as zinc and lead, from these
waters. When two columns were used in series, the
treatment system was able to handle fluctuations in
influent copper concentration from less than 10 mg/L
up to several hundred mg/L.
Groundwater from Western Processing, a Superfund
site near Seattle, Washington, was treated to remove
both soluble and particulate zinc.
Recent tests have shown that the technology can be
used to remove heavy metals selectively from waste
solutions that contain orders of magnitude of higher
concentrations of Al, and that it can be used to remove
Sr from highly alkaline wastewater (pH>14, for
example, alkaline nuclear wastes).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Norma Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7665
Fax:513-569-7787
e-mail: lewis.norma@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Mark Benjamin
University of Washington
Department of Civil Engineering
P.O. Box 352700
Seattle, WA 98195-2700
206-543-7645
Fax:206-685-9185
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 139
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
(Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and Removal)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The University of Wisconsin-Madison(U W-Madison)
is developing a photocatalytic technology that uses
titanium dioxide (TiO2) suspensions to coat various
supporting materials used in treatment applications.
For this application, the suspensions are used to coat
a conductive metallic or carbon mesh. Coating the
mesh with a suitable thickness of TiO2 catalyst
provides the basis for a photoreactorthat uses most of
the available ultraviolet (UV) radiation. An electrical
field can also be applied across the catalystto improve
its performance.
The figure below shows a possible photoreactor design
that uses a ceramic film. In this design, the TiO2
coating on the porous metal acts as a photoanode. An
electric potential can then be placed across the coating
to direct the- flow of electrons to a porous carbon
counter-electrode that has a high surface area and is
capable of collecting collect any heavy metal ions
present in the liquid. In addition, an applied electric
potential can improve the destruction efficiency of
organic contaminants by reducing electron-hole
recombination on the catalyst surface. This
recombination is seen as a primary reason for the
observed inefficiency of other UV/TiO2 systemsused
to treat organics in groundwater. Lastly, the electric
potential has been shown to reduce the interference of
electrolytes on the oxidation process. Electrolytes
such as the bicarbonate ion are known hydroxyl
radical scavengers and can be problematic in the
UV/TiO2 treatment of contaminated groundwater.
This technology represents and improvement on
liquid-phase photocatalytic technologies by
distributing radiation uniformly throughout the reactor.
Also, the technology does not require additional
oxidants, such as peroxide or ozone, to cause complete
mineralization or to improve reaction rates. It also
eliminates the need for an additional unit to separate
and recover the catalyst from the purified water after
the reaction is complete.
Water Outlet
TiO2 Coated
Metal Mesh Photoanode
Water Inlet
Reference Electrode
U.V. Lamp
Porous Carbon Cathode
Photoreactor Design using Ceramic Film
Page 140
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approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This particular technology is designed to treat
groundwater and dilute aqueous waste streams
contaminated with organics and heavy metals.
Organics are completely oxidized to carbon dioxide,
water, and halide ions. Heavy metals are subsequently
stripped from the cathode and recovered.
STATUS:
The UW-Madison photocatalytic technology was
accepted into the SITE Emerging Technology Program
in 1995. The overall objective of the Emerging
Technology Program study is to refine the reactor
design, enabling it to treat heavy metals as well as
organic contaminants. Testing ofa bench-scale unit
is currently underway.
UW-Madison has tested its photocatalytic reactor at
the laboratory scale on aqueous solutions of several
organic contaminants, including polychlorinated
biphenyls, chlorosalicylic acid, salicylic acid, and
ethylenediaminetetraacetate. UW-Madison has also
used similar reactors to remove volatile organic
compounds, such as trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene,
benzene, and ethylene from air streams.
Photooxidation of trichloroethene and
tetrachloroethene has been successfully field-tested at
low flow rates (less than 0.1 standard cubic feet per
minute).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Vince Gallardo
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7176
Fax:513-569-7620
e-mail: gallardo,vincente@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Marc Anderson
Water Chemistry Program
University of Wisconsin-Madison
660 North Park Street
Madison, WI 53706
608-262-2674
Fax: 608-262-0454
Charles Hill, Jr.
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Engineering Hall
1415 Engineering Drive, Room 1004
Madison, WI 53706
608-263-4593
Fax: 608-262-5434
e-mail: Hill@engr.wisc.edu
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 141
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UV TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(formerly Energy and Environmental Engineering, Inc.)
(UV CATOX™ Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The UV CATOX™ process photochemicaily oxidizes
organic compounds in wastewater using hydrogen
peroxide, a chemical oxidant, ultraviolet (UV)
radiation, and a photocatalyst. The photochemical
reaction has the potentialto reduce high concentrations
(200,000 or more parts per million [ppm]) of organics
in water to nondetectable levels. The energy from UV
radiation is predominantly absorbed by the organic
compound and the oxidant, making both species
reactive. The process can beused as a final treatment
step to reduce organic contamination in industrial
wastewater and groundwater to acceptable discharge
limits.
The existing bench-scale system treats solutions
containing up to several thousand ppm of total organic
carbon at a rate of 3 gallons per minute. The bench-
scale system consists of a photochemical reactor,
where oxidation occurs, and associated tanks, pumps,
and controls. The UV lamps are high-intensity lamps
that penetrate the wastewater more effectively. The
portable, skid-mounted system's design depends on the
chemical composition of the wastewater or
groundwater being treated.
Typically, the contaminated wastewater is pumped
through a filter unit to remove suspended particles.
Next, the filtrate is mixed with stoichiometric
quantities of hydrogen peroxide. Finally, this mixture
is fed to the photochemical reactor and irradiated.
Reaction products are carbon dioxide, water, and the
appropriate halogen acid. Reaction kinetics depend on
(1) contaminant concentration, (2) peroxide
concentration, (3) irradiation dose, and (4) radiation
spectral frequency.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The UV CATOX™ process treats industrial
wastewater and groundwater containing organics at
concentrations up to several thousand ppm.
Destruction efficiencies greater than two orders of
magnitude have been obtained for chlorobenzene,
chlorophenol, and phenol, with low to moderate dose
rates and initial concentrations of 200 ppm.
Destruction efficiencies of three orders of magnitude
have been demonstrated on simulated industrial waste
streams representative of textile dyeing operations,
with higher dose rates and an initial concentration of
200 ppm.
STATUS:
Studies of the UV CATOX™ process under the SITE
Emerging Technology Program are complete, and the
technology has been invited to participate in the SITE
Demonstration Program. The Emerging Technology
Report (EPA/540/SR-92/080), Emerging Technology
Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/004), and Emerging
Technology Summary (EPA/540/SR-92/080) are
available from EPA.
Work involving the on-line production of oxidants and
the effectiveness of the photocatalytic substrate is
underway under funding from EPA Small Business
Industry Research Phase II and Phase I awards.
Representative results fromrecent trials using the UV
CATOX™ process are summarized in the table below.
Results are shown as the electric energy dose per
gram-mole of initial contaminant to cause one decade
of contaminant destruction.
Page 142
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
Dose (kW-hr/
Contaminant1* gtnole/decade)2)
Chlorobenzene 7
Trichloroethene 5
Trichloroethane [500] 1
Tetrachlproethene 6
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 33
1,1,1-Trichloroethene [1,000] 7
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, & xytene 5
Reactive Black Dye 5 26
Direct Yellow Dye 106 103
Direct Red Dye 83 31
Reactive Blue Dye 19 50
1-Chloronaphthalene [15] 27
Ethylene, diamine, & triacetic acid 17
Methanol 3
Textile waste (sulfiir & indigo dyes) [740] 11
Textile waste (fiber reactive dyes) [270] 7
Chemical waste (formaldehyde & thiourea) [8,200] 1
''All are 100 parts per million,
except as noted
2) kilowatt-hour per gram-mole per decade
The technology has been improved since the EPA
reports were published. These improvements include
(1) using the UV lamp as the energy source; (2)
improving the photochemical reactor design; (3)
improving the lamp design, including lamp intensity
and spectral characteristics; and (4) fixing the catalyst.
A cost-competitive UV CATOX™ system can be
designed and built to treat industrial wastewater with
contaminant levels of 10 to 10,000 ppm.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax:513-569-7105
e-mail: lewis.ronald@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Donald Habertroh
UV Technologies, Inc.
27 Tallmadge Avenue
Chattam, NJ 07928
937-635-6067
Fax: 937-635-6067
e-mail: priscill@csnet.net
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 143
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UV TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(formerly Energy and Environmental Engineering, Inc.)
(UV CATOX™ Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The UV CATOX™ process photochemically oxidizes
organic compounds in wastewater using hydrogen
peroxide, a chemical oxidant, ultraviolet (UV)
radiation, and a photocatalyst. The photochemical
reaction has the potentialto reduce high concentrations
(200,000 or more parts per million [ppm]) of organics
in water to nondetectable levels. The energy from UV
radiation is predominantly absorbed by the organic
compound and the oxidant, making both species
reactive. The process can beused as a final treatment
step to reduce organic contamination in industrial
wastewater and groundwater to acceptable discharge
limits.
The existing bench-scale system treats solutions
containing up to several thousand ppm of total organic
carbon at a rate of 3 gallons per minute. The bench-
scale system consists of a photochemical reactor,
where oxidation occurs, and associated tanks, pumps,
and controls. The UV lamps are high-intensity lamps
that penetrate the wastewater more effectively. The
portable, skid-mounted system's design depends on the
chemical composition of the wastewater or
groundwater being treated.
Typically, the contaminated wastewater is pumped
through a filter unit to remove suspended particles.
Next, the filtrate is mixed with stoichiometric
quantities of hydrogen peroxide. Finally, this mixture
is fed to the photochemical reactor and irradiated. The
overall reaction is as follows:
[2a + 0.5(b - 1)]H202 *
+ (b - 1)]H2O + HX
aCO2 + [2a
where CaHbX represents a halogenated contaminant in
the aqueous phase. Reaction products are carbon
dioxide, water, and the appropriate halogen acid.
Reaction kinetics depend on (1) contaminant
concentration, (2) peroxide concentration,
(3) irradiation dose, and (4) radiation spectral
frequency.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The UV CATOX™ process treats industrial
wastewater and groundwater containing organics at
concentrations up to several thousand ppm.
Destruction efficiencies greater than two orders of
magnitude have been obtained for chlorobenzene,
chlorophenol, and phenol, with low to moderate dose
rates and initial concentrations of 200 ppm.
Destruction efficiencies of three orders of magnitude
have been demonstrated on simulated industrial waste
streams representative of textile dyeing operations,
with higher dose rates and an initial concentration of
200 ppm.
STATUS:
Studies of the UV CATOX™ process under the SITE
Emerging Technology Program are complete, and the
technology has been invited to participate in the SITE
Demonstration Program. The Emerging Technology
Report (EPA/540/SR-92/080), Emerging Technology
Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/004), and Emerging
Technology Summary (EPA/540/SR-92/080) are
available from EPA.
Work involving the on-line production of oxidants and
the effectiveness of the photocatalytic substrate is
underway under funding from EPA Small Business
Industry Research Phase II and Phase I awards.
Page 144
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
Representative results from recent trials using the UV
CATOX™ process are summarized in the table below.
Results are shown as the electric energy dose per
gram-mole of initial contaminant to cause one decade
of contaminant destruction.
A cost-competitive UV CATOX™ system can be
designed and built to treat industrial wastewater with
contaminant levels of 10 to 10,000 ppm.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
Dose (kW-far/
Contaminant* gmole/decade)"
Chlorobenzene 7
Trichloroethene 5
Trichloroethane [500] 1
Tetrachloroethene 6
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane 33
1,1,1 -Trichloroethene [ 1,000] 7
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, & xylene 5
Reactive Black Dye 5 26
Direct Yellow Dye 106 103
Direct Red Dye 83 31
Reactive Blue Dye 19 50
1-Chloronaphthalene [15] 27
Ethylene, diamine, & triacetic acid 17
Methanol 3
Textile waste (sulfur & indigo dyes) [740]
Textile waste (fiber reactive dyes) [270]
Chemical waste (formaldehyde & thiourea) [8,200]
All are 100 parts per million,
except as noted
kilowatt-hour per gram-mole per decade
11
7
1
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax:513-569-7105
e-mail: lewis.ronald@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Donald Habertroh
UV Technologies, Inc.
27 Tallmadge Avenue
Chattam, NJ 07928
937-635-6067
Fax: 937-635-6067
e-mail: priscill@csnet.net
The technology has been improved since the EPA
reports were published. These improvements include
(1) using the UV lamp as the energy source; (2)
improving the photochemical reactor design; (3)
improving the lamp design, including lamp intensity
and spectral characteristics; and (4) fixing the catalyst.
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 145
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
VORTEC CORPORATION
(Oxidation and Vitrification Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Vortec Corporation (Vortec) has developed an
oxidation and vitrification process for remediating
soils, sediments, sludges, and industrial wastes
contaminated with organics, inorganics, and heavy
metals. The process can oxidize and vitrify materials
introduced as dry granulated materials or slurries.
The figure below illustrates the Vortec oxidation and
vitrification process. Its basic elements include (1) a
cyclone melting system (CMS*); (2) a material
handling, storage, and feeding subsystem; (3) a
vitrifiedproductseparationand reservoir assembly;(4)
a waste heat recovery air preheater (recuperator); (5)
an air pollution control subsystem; and (6) a vitrified
product handling subsystem.
The Vortec CMS® is the primary waste processing
system and consists of two major assemblies: a
counterrotating vortex (CRV) in-flight suspension
preheater and a cyclone melter. First, slurried or dry-
contaminated soil is introduced into the CRV. The
CRV (1) uses the auxiliary fuel introduced directly
into the CRB; (2) preheats the suspended waste
materials along with any glass-forming additives
mixed with soil; and (3) oxidizes any organic
constituents in the soiVwaste. The average
temperature of materials leaving the CRV reactor
chamber is between 2,200 and 2,800°F, depending on
the melting characteristics of the processed soils.
The preheated solid materials exit the CRV and enter
the cyclone melter, where they are dispersed to the
chamber walls to form a molten glass product. The
vitrified, molten glass product and the exhaust gases
exit the cyclone melter through a tangential exit
channel and enter a glass- and gas-separationchamber.
The exhaust gases then enter an air preheater for waste
heat recovery and are subsequently delivered to the air
pollution control subsystem for participate and acid
gas removal. The molten glass product exits the glass-
and gas-separation chamber through the tap and is
delivered to a water quench assembly for subsequent
disposal.
WASTE
MATERIAL
ADDITIVES
MATERIAL HANDLING
STORAGE & FEEDING
SUBSYSTEM
FLUE GAS
CLEANUP
SUBSYSTEM
VITRIFIED PRODUCT
HANDLING SUBSYSTEM
Vortec Vitrification Process
Page 146
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
Unique features of the Vortec oxidation and
vitrification process include the following:
• Processes solid waste contaminated with both
organic and heavy metal contaminants
• Uses various fuels, including gas, oil, coal, and
waste
• Handles waste quantities ranging from 5 tons per
day to more than 400 tons per day
• Recycles particulate residue collected in the air
pollution control subsystem into the CMS®. These
recycled materials are incorporated into the glass
product, resulting in zero solid waste discharge.
• Produces a vitrified product that is nontoxic
according to EPA toxicity characteristic leaching
procedure (TCLP) standards. The product also
immobilizes heavy metals and has long-term
stability.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The Vortec oxidation and vitrification process treats
soils, sediments, sludges, and heavy metal
contamination. The high temperatures in the CRV
successfully oxidize organic materials included with
the waste. The inorganic constituents in the waste
material determine the amount and type of glass-
forming additives required to produce a vitrified
produce. This process can be modified to produce a
glass cullet that consistently meets TCLP
requirements.
STATUS:
The Vortec oxidation and vitrification process was
accepted into the SITE Emerging Technology Program
in May 1991. Research under the Emerging
Technology Program was completed in winter 1994,
and Vortec was invited to participate in the SITE
Demonstration Program.
A 50-ton-per-day system has been purchased by Ormet
Aluminum Corporation of Wheeling, West Virginia
for recycling aluminum spent pot liners, a cyanide-
and fluoride-containing waste (K088). The recycling
system became operational in 1996.
The Vortec CMS® is classified by the U.S. EPA as
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) for
the processing of K088 waste. Additional projects
with the aluminum industry and other industrial waste
generators are in progress.
A 25-ton-per-day, transportable system fro treating
contaminated soil at a Department of Energy site in
Paducah, Kentucky was delivered in 1999.
Vortec is offering commercial systems and licenses for
the CMS® system.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Teri Richardson
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7949
Fax:513-569-7105
e-mail: richardson.teri@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
James Hnat
Vortec Corporation
3770 Ridge Pike
Collegeville, PA 19426-3158
610-489-2255
Fax:610-489-3185
e-mail: jhnat@vortec.org
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 147
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
WESTERN PRODUCT RECOVERY GROUP, INC.
(Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and Adsorption Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The coordinate, chemical bonding, and adsorption
(CCBA) process converts heavy metals in soils,
sediments, and sludges to nonleaching silicates. The
process can also oxidize organics in the waste stream
and incorporate the ash into the ceramic pellet matrix
(see figure below). The solid residual consistency
varies from a soil and sand density and size
distribution to a controlled size distribution ceramic
aggregate form. The residue can be placed back in its
original location or used as a substitute for
conventional aggregate. The process uses clays with
specific cation exchange capacity as sites for physical
and chemical bonding of heavy metals to the clay.
The process is designed for continuous flow. The
input sludge and soil stream are carefully ratioed with
specific clays and then mixed in a high-intensity
mechanical mixer. The mixture is then densified and
formed into green or unfired pellets of a desired size.
The green pellets are then direct-fired in a rotary kiln
for approximately 30 minutes. The pellet temperature
slowly rises to 2,000°F, converting the fired pellet to
the ceramic state. Organics on the pellet's surface are
oxidized, and organics inside the pellet are pyrolyzed
as the temperature rises. As the pellets reach 2,000°F,
the available silica sites in the clay chemically react
with the heavy metals in the soil and sludge to form
the final metal silicate product.
The process residue is an inert ceramic product, free of
organics, with metal silicates providing a molecular
bonding structure that precludes leaching. The kiln
off-gas is processed in an afterburner and wet scrub
system before it is released into the atmosphere.
Excess scrub solution is recycled to the front-end
mixing process.
To Stack
Clay
Soils/
Sludges/
Sediments
Residual
Product
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and Adsorption (CCBA) Process
Page 148
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February 2003
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The CCBA process has been demonstrated
commercially on metal hydroxide sludges at a
throughput of 70 wet tons per month, based on an 8-
hour day, for a 25 percent solid feed. This process can
treat wastewater sludges, sediments, and soils
contaminated with most mixed organic and heavy
metal wastes.
STATUS:
The CCBA process was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in January 1991.
Under this program, the CCBA technology has been
modified to include soils contaminated with both
heavy metals and most organics. The SITE studies
were completed at a pilot facility with a capacity of 10
pounds per hour. Proof tests using contaminated soil
have been completed. The Emerging Technology
Report, Emerging Technology Summary, and
Emerging Technology Bulletin are available from
EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Vince Gallardo
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7176
Fax:513-569-7620
e-mail: gallardo.vincente@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Donald Kelly
Western Product Recovery Group, Inc.
P.O. Box 79728
Houston, TX 77279
210-602-1743
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 149
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
WESTERN RESEARCH INSTITUTE
(Contained Recovery of Oily Wastes)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The contained recovery of oily wastes (CROW®)
process recovers oily wastes from the ground by
adapting a technology used for secondary petroleum
recovery and primary production of heavy oil and tar
sand bitumen. Steam or hot water displacement, with
or without the use of chemicals such as surfactants or
mobility control chemicals, moves accumulated oily
wastes and water to production wells for aboveground
treatment.
Injection and production wells are first installed in soil
contaminated with oily wastes (see figure below). If
contamination has penetrated into or below the
aquifer, low-quality steam can be injected below the
organic liquids to dislodge and sweep them upward
into the more permeable aquifer soil regions. Hot
water is injected above the impermeable regions to
heat and mobilize the oily waste accumulation. The
mobilized wastes are then recovered by hot water
displacement.
When the organic wastes are displaced, organic liquid
saturation in the subsurface pore space increases,
forming a free-fluid bank. The hot water injection
displaces the free-fluid bank to the production well.
Behind the free-fluid bank, the contaminant saturation
is reduced to an immobile residual saturation in the
subsurface pore space. The extracted contaminant and
water are treated for reuse or discharge.
During treatment, all mobilized organic liquids and
water-soluble contaminants are contained within the
originalboundariesofwasteaccumulation. Hazardous
materials are contained laterally by groundwater
isolation and vertically by organic liquid flotation.
Excess water is treated in compliance with discharge
regulations.
The CROW® process removes the mobile portions of
contaminant accumulations; stops the downward and
lateral migration of organic contaminants; immobilizes
any remaining organic wastes as a residual saturation;
and reduces the volume, mobility, and toxicity of the
Steam-Stripped
Water
Injection Well
Production Well
Original Oil
Accumulation
1 T .]
Hot Water
Flotation
Steam
Injection
CROW® Subsurface Development
Page 150
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Completed Project
contaminants. The process can be used for shallow
and deep areas, and can recover light and dense
nonaqueous phase liquids. The system uses readily
available mobile equipment. Contaminant removal
can be increased by adding small quantities of selected
biodegradable chemicals in the hot water injection.
In situ biological treatment may follow the
displacement, which continues until groundwater
contaminants are no longer detected in water samples
from the site.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The CROW® process can be applied to manufactured
gas plant sites, wood-treating sites, petroleum-refining
facilities, and other areas with soils and aquifers
containing light to dense organic liquids such as coal
tars, pentachlorophenol (PCP) solutions, chlorinated
solvents, creosote, and petroleum by-products. Depth
to the contamination is not a limiting factor.
STATUS:
The CROW® process was tested in the laboratory and
at the pilot-scale level under the SITE Emerging
Technology Program (ETP). The process
demonstrated the effectiveness of hot water
displacement and the benefits of including chemicals
with the hot water. Based on results from the ETP, the
CROW® process was invited to participate in the SITE
Demonstration Program. The process was
demonstrated at the Pennsylvania Power and Light
(PP&L) Brodhead Creek Superftmd site at
Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
The site contained an area with high concentrations of
by-products from past operations. The demonstration
began in July 1995; field work was completed in June
1996. Closure of the site was completed in late 1998.
The CROW® process was applied to a tar holder at a
former MGP site in Columbia, Pennsylvania. The
work was completed in 1998.
A pilot-scale demonstration was completed at an
active wood treatment site in Minnesota. Over 80
percent of nonaqueous-phase liquids were removed in
the pilot test, as predicted by treatability studies, and
PCP concentrations decreased 500 percent. The full-
scale, multiphase remediation is presently underway.
Results indicate that organic removal is greater than
twice that of pump-and-treat. The project is operating
within the constraints of an active facility.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Richard Eilers
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7809
Fax:513-569-7111
e-mail: eilers.richrd@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Lyle Johnson
Western Research Institute
365 North 9th
Laramie, WY 82070-3380
307-721-2281
Fax:307-721-2233
e-mail: Lylej@uwyo.edu
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 151
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ZENON ENVIRONMENTAL INC.
(Cross-Flow Pervaporation System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The ZENON Environmental Inc. (ZENON), cross-
flow pervaporation technology is a membrane-based
process that removes volatile organic compounds
(VOC) from aqueous matrices. The technology uses
anorganophilicmembranemadeofnonporoussilicone
rubber, which is permeableto organic compounds, and
highly resistant to degradation.
In a typical field application, contaminated water is
pumped from an equalization tank through a prefilter
to remove debris and silt particles, and then into a heat
exchanger that raises the water temperature to about
165°F (75°C). The heated water then flows into a
pervaporation module containing the organophilic
membranes. The composition of the membranes
causes organics in solution to adsorb to them. A
vacuum applied to the system causes the organics to
diffuse through the membranes and move out of the
pervaporation module. This material is then passed
through a condenser generating a highly concentrated
liquid called permeate. Treated water exits the
pervaporation module and is discharged from the
system. The permeate separates into aqueous and
organic phases. Aqueous phase permeate is sent back
to the pervaporation module for further treatment,
while the organic phase permeate is discharged to a
receiving vessel.
Because emissions are vented from the system
downstream of the condenser, organics are kept in
solution, thus minimizing air releases. The condensed
organic materials represent only a small fraction of the
initial wastewater volume and may be subsequently
disposed of at significant cost savings. This process
may also treat industrial waste streams and recover
organics for later use.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
Pervaporation can be applied to aqueous waste streams
such as groundwater, lagoons, leachate, and rinse
waters that are contaminated with VOCs such as
solvents, degreasers, and gasoline. The technology is
applicable to the types of aqueous wastes treated by
carbon adsorption, air stripping, and steam stripping.
ZENON Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Page 152
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February 2003
Completed Project
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program (ETP) in January 1989. The
Emerging Technology Report (EPA/540/F-93/503),
which details results from the ETP evaluation, is
available from EPA. Based on results from the ETP,
ZENON was invited to demonstrate the technology in
the SITE Demonstration Program. A pilot-scale
pervaporation system, built by ZENON for
Environment Canada's Emergencies Engineering
Division, was tested over a 2-year period (see
photograph on previous page). During the second
year, testing was carried out over several months at a
petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated site in Ontario,
Canada.
A full-scale SITE demonstration took place hi
February 1995 at a former waste disposal areaatNaval
Air StationNorth Island in San Diego, California. The
demonstration was conducted as a cooperative effort
among EPA, ZENON, the Naval Environmental
Leadership Program, Environment Canada, and the
Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy.
Organics were the primary groundwater contaminant
at the site, and trichloroethene (TCE) was selected as
the contaminantof concern forthe demonstration. The
Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR- 95/511) and
Demonstration Capsule (EPA/540/R-95/511a) are
available from EPA.
DEMONSTRATION RESULTS:
Analysis of demonstration samples indicate that the
ZENON pervaporation system was about 98 percent
effective in removing TCE from groundwater. The
system achieved this removal efficiency with TCE
influent concentrations of up to 250 parts per million
at a flow rate of 10 gallons per minute (gpm) or less.
Treatment efficiency remained fairly consistent
throughout the demonstration; however, the treatment
efficiency decreased at various times due to mineral
scaling problems.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Turner
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7775
Fax:513-569-7676
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Chris Lipski
ZENON Environmental Inc.
845 Harrington Court
Burlington, Ontario, Canada
L7N3P3
905-965-3030 ext, 3250
Fax:905-639-1812
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 153
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
EARTH TECH, INC.
(formerly ITT Night Vision)
(In Situ Enhanced Bioremediation of Groundwater)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
ITT Night Vision is conducting in situ enhanced
aerobic bioremediation of contaminated groundwater
in fractured bedrock utilizing technologies developed
at the U. S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site.
The site demonstration involved remediation of
groundwater in the vicinity of one contaminant source
area as a pilot-scale operation, with the possibility of
applying the technology elsewhere on site.
Contaminants of concern in on-site groundwater
included chlorinated solvents and their products, plus
acetone and isopropanol. To accelerate the intrinsic
(natural) biodegradation observed at the site, the
selected remedy involves the subsurface injection of
air, gaseous-phase nutrients (triethyl phosphate and
nitrous oxide), and methane. The amendments were
added to stimulate existing microbial populations
(particularly methanotrophs) so that they could more
aggressively break down the contaminants of concern.
Amendmentdeliveryto the surface was accomplished
through an injection well, and the injection zone of
influence was confirmed using surrounding
groundwater monitoring wells and soil vapor
monitoring points.
The patented PHOSter™ process for injection of
triethyl phosphate in a gaseous phase was licensed for
use at this site as an integral element of the enhanced
bioremediation operation. This technology maximizes
the subsurface zone of influence of nutrient injection
as compared to technologies injecting nutrients in
liquid or slurry form. Monitoring of contaminant (and
breakdown product) concentrations in groundwater
and soil vapor, measurement of microbiological
population density and diversity, and monitoring of
nutrient concentrations and groundwater geochemical
parametersprovides feedback on system effectiveness.
This in turn allows adjustments to be made in the
sequencing and rate of delivery of air, nutrients, and
methane in response to changing subsurface
conditions.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The Enhanced In-Situ Bioremediation process is
applicable for creating volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) in groundwater that can be naturally
biodegraded, including some hard to degrade
chlorinated VOCs. The mixture of ah- and gaseous
phase nutrients that is injected into the subsurface
provides an aerobic environment for contaminant
degradation. Toxic products resulting from anaerobic
degradation of chlorinated solvents (e.g., vinyl
chloride) may be broken down completely in this
aerobic environment. The in-situ process is especially
applicable for hydrogeologically complex sites where
injected nutrient flow patterns are uncertain (i.e., in
fractured bedrock gaseous phase nutrient injection is
more likely to affect a larger area than liquid nutrient
injection The process is also applicable in situations
where subsurface utilities limit or preclude the use of
technologies requiring excavation.
The enhanced bioremediation system, currently being
used in the ongoing RCRA corrective action interim
measure at the ITT Night Vision facility, was accepted
into the SITE program in 1997, (the demonstration
was conducted March 1998 to August 1999) with
system start up occurring in March of 1998. The
technology had previously been approved by EPA
Region 3 as an Interim Measure part of the facility's
ongoing RCRA Corrective Action program.
Due to the positive performance of the technology
during the SITE Demonstration project, the
remediation system was expanded to address the entire
contamination plume at the site .Demonstration results
are shown in Table 1. Results were based on 28
baseline and 28 final samples for the four critical
analytes are presented in Table 1. VOC concentrations
were determined by EPA SW-846 Method 8260. The
results indicate that the targeted 75 percent reduction
was achieved or exceeded for two of the four critical
compounds, from baseline to final events.
Page 154
The SlTE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Ongoing Project
Target
Compound
CA
1,1-DCA
«s-l,2-DCE
VC
Contaminant
Concentration (pg/L)
Baseline
256
960
1,100
1,100
Final
210
190
90
45
Average
Percent
Reduction
36
80
97
96
Statistically
Significance
Present
Reduction
4
71
55
52
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Vince Gallardo
US EPA MS. 481
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7176
Fax:513-569-7620
e-mail: gallardo.vincente@epa.gov
ITT NIGHT VISION PROJECT MANAGER:
Rosann Kryczkowski
Manager, Environmental, Health & Safety
ITT Night Vision
763 5 Plantation Road
Roanoke, VA 24019-3257
540-362-7356
Fax: 540-362-7370
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Brian B. Looney, Ph.D.
Westinghouse Savannah River Company
Savannah River Technology Center
Aiken, SC 29808
803-725-3692
Fax: 803-725-7673
TECHNOLOGY LICENSEE CONTACT
Greg Carter
Earth Tech Inc.
C/O ITT Night Vision
7635 Plantation Road
Roanoke, VA 24019
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 155
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ELECTRO-PETROLEUM, INC.
(Electro-Kinetically Aided Remediation [EKAR])
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Electrokinetics is a general term describing a variety of
physical changes, electrochemical reactions and
coupled flows, which can occur when electricalcurrent
flows through soils containing one or more phases of
fluids. Electrokinetically-Aided Remediation
(EKAR), which utilizes electric fields to drive fluids
and charged particles through a porus medium, is
being developed for in-situ soil remediation. In this
process, an electrical current or potential difference is
applied across electrodes placed into soil in the
treatment area. The applied electrical current
effectively enlarges the throat diameter of soil pores,
compared to Darcy flow, and changes the capillary
forces allowing NAPL to pass through. Dissolved
organic and non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) will
also accompany the increased electroosmotic water
flux toward the cathode. Hydrolyzed ionic species and
charged colloidal particles will drift toward the
electrode of opposite polarity.
A typical electrokinetic field deployment is set up as
follows:. A seven-spot pattern consisting of six anode
wells surrounding a central cathode extraction well is
used to remediate a volume of subsurface material.
NAPL concentrations are extracted at the electrode
wells for further treatment or disposal. The mobility
of the ions and pore fluids decontaminates the soil
mass. EKAR can supplement or replace conventional
pump and treat technologies.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
Electrokinetically aided remediation has particular
applicability to both organic and inorganic
contaminants in lowpenneabilitysoils. Electrokinetic
mechanisms increase fluid flow through fine grained
porus media. This mechanism increases the removal
of mobile non-aqueous phase liquid, its residual, and
its aqueous phases. It is equally effective with both
LNAPL and DNAPL. Because of the
electrokinetically imposed electric field's ability to
drive charged particles through a fluid, the technology
can be used to increase particulate contaminant flux
through soil and transport microbes to contaminated
zones for bioremediation. Electrochemical treatment
may be engineeredto extract soluble species of cations
and anions without the need for water flushing and
secondary treatments.
STATUS:
Bench laboratory studies investigating the metals,
organics, and radionuclides, have been completed.
Organics investigated included acetone, BTEX, and
PAHs. Metals removal investigations focused on
arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel and
mercury.
Radionuclides investigated included cesium, cobalt,
technicium, strontium, and uranium. Bench scale
treatability tests have shown significant removal of
TCE from core samples.
The technology is scheduled to be demonstrated at
Offut Air Force Base, Nebraska in 2003, and evaluated
for its ability to remediate TCE contaminated soils.
Page 156
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Ongoing Proiect
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy A. Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Blvd.
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7143
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Dr. J. Kenneth Whittle, V.P.
Electro-Petroleum, Inc
996 Old Eagle School Rd.
Wayne, PA 19087
610-687-9070
Fax: 610-964-8570
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 157
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
HARDING ESE, A MACTEC COMPANY
(formerly ABB Environmental Services, Inc.)
(Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In Situ Treatment Strategy)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The two-zone, plume interception, in situ treatment
strategy is designed to treat chlorinated and
nonchlorinated organic compounds in saturated soils
and groundwater using a sequence of anaerobic and
aerobic conditions (see figure below). The hi situ
anaerobic and aerobic system constitutes a treatment
train that biodegrades a wide assortment of chlorinated
and nonchlorinated compounds.
When applying this technology, anaerobic and aerobic
conditions are produced in two distinct, hydraulically
controlled, saturated soil zones. Groundwater passes
through each zone as it is recirculated through the
treatment area. The first zone, the anaerobic zone, is
designed to partially dechlorinate highly chlorinated
solvents such as tetrachloroethene (PCE),
trichloroethene(TCE), and 1,1,1-trichloroethanewith
natural biological processes. The second zone, the
aerobic zone, isdesigned to biologically oxidize the
partially dechlorinated products from the first zone, as
well as other compounds that were not susceptible to
the anaerobic treatment phase.
Anaerobic conditions are produced or enhanced in the
first treatment zone by introducing a primary carbon
source, such as lactic acid, and mineral nutrients, such
as nitrogen and phosphorus. When proper anaerobic
conditions are attained, the target contaminants are
reduced. For example, PCE is dechlorinated to TCE,
and TCE is dechlorinated to dichloroethene(DCE) and
vinyl chloride. Under favorable conditions, this
process can completely dechlorinate the organics to
ethene and ethane.
Aerobic conditions are produced or enhanced in the
second treatment zone by introducing oxygen, m ineral
nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and
possibly an additional carbon source, such as methane
CONTAMINANT
SOURCE
NUTRIENTS,
OXYGEN
(METHANE)
IMPERMEABLE
LAYER
GROUNDWATER FLOW
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In Situ Treatment Strategy
Page 158
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Ongoing Project
(if an insufficient supply of methane results from the
pstream, anaerobic zone). When proper aerobic
conditions are attained in this zone, partially
dechlorinated products and other target compounds
from the first zone are oxidized. For example, less-
chlorinated ethenes such as DCE and vinyl chloride
are cometabolized duringthe aerobic microbiological
degradation of methane.
The treatment strategy is designed to biologically
remediate subsoils by enhancing indigenous
microorganism activity. If indigenous bacterial
populations do not provide the adequate anaerobic or
aerobic results, specially adapted cultures can be
introduced to the aquifer. These cultures are
introduced using media-filledtrenchesthat can support
added microbial growth.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The two-zone, plume interception, in situ treatment
strategy is designed to treat groundwater and saturated
soils containing chlorinated and nonchlorinated
organic compounds.
STATUS:
The two-zone, plume interception, in situ treatment
strategy was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in July 1989. Optimal treatment
parameters for field testing were investigated in
bench-scale soil aquifer simulators. The objectives of
bench-scale testing were to (1) determine factors
affecting the development of each zone, (2) evaluate
indigenous bacterial communities, (3) demonstrate
treatment of chlorinated and nonchlorinated solvent
mixtures, and (4) develop a model for the field
remediation design. The Emerging Technology
Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/510), which details the bench-
scale testing results, is available from EPA.
A pilot-scale field demonstration system was installed
at an industrial facility in Massachusetts. Pilot-scale
testing began in September 1996. Results from this
testing indicate the following:
• The reductive dechlorination of PCE and TCE to
DCE, VC, and ethene has been accomplished
primarily by sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• A time lag of about 4 months was required before
significant reductive dechlorination occurred.
This corresponded to the time and lactic acid
dosing required to reduce the redox to about -100
throughout the treatment cell.
• Sequential anaerobic-aerobic (Two-Zone)
biodegradation of PCE and its degradation
products appear to be a viable and cost-effective
treatment technology for the enhancement of
natural reductive dechlorination processes.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7143
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Willard Murray
Harding Lawson Associates
107 Audubon Road, Suite 25
Wakefield,MA 01880
781-245-6606
Fax:781-246-5060
e-mail: wmurray@harding.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 159
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC./
fflCKSON CORPORATION
(Chromated Copper Arsenate Soil Leaching Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Lewis Environmental Services, Inc. (Lewis), has
developed a soil leaching process to remediate soils
contaminated with inorganics and heavy metals
including chromium, copper, cadmium, mercury,
arsenic, and lead.
The soil leaching process consists of leaching
contaminated soil in a countercurrent stirred reactor
system (see figure below). A screw feeder delivers the
soil into the reactor, where it is leached with sulfuric
acid for 30 to 60 minutes. The sulfuric acid solubilizes
the inorganics and heavy metals into the leaching
solution. Any organic contaminants are separated and
decanted from the leaching solution, using strong acid
leachate, space separation, and skimming. The
processed soil is then washed with water and air-dried.
The wash water is then treated with Lewis' ENVIRO-
CLEAN PROCESS, which consists of a granulated
activated carbon system followed by an electrolytic
recovery system. The ENVIRO-CLEAN PROCESS
recovers the heavy metals from the leaching solution
and wash water and produces an effluent that meets
EPA discharge limits for heavy metals. The treated
wash water can then be reused in the soil washing step.
The leaching solution can be returned directly to the
stirred reactor system, depending on its metals
concentration.
Activated
Carbon
Process
ENVIRO-CLEAN
PROCESS —
Activated
Carbon
Process
Recycled/Reuse
Extraction
Solution
Chrohiated Copper Arsenate Soil Leaching Process
Page 160
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Ongoing Project
Contaminated soil must be properly sized and screened
to facilitate leaching in the stirred reactor system.
Large pieces of debris such as rocks, wood, and bricks
mustberemovedbeforetreatment Standard screening
and classification equipment, such as that used in
municipal waste treatment plants, is suitable for this
purpose.
The soil leaching process does not generate
appreciable quantities of treatment by-products or
waste streams containing heavy metals. The treated
soil meets toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
(TCLP) criteriaand can be either returned to the site or
disposed of at a nonhazardous landfill. The granular
activated carbon requires disposal after about 20 to 30
treatment cycles and should also meet TCLP criteria.
Heavy metals recovered by the ENVIRO-CLEAN
process can be reused by industry.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The soil leaching process can treat wastes generated by
the wood preserving and metal plating industries,
battery waste sites, and urban lead sites.
STATUS:
The soil leaching process was accepted into the
Emerging Technology Program in 1993. Laboratory-
scale tests have shown that the process successfully
treats soil contaminated with chromated copper
arsenate (CCA). The evaluation of the technology
under the SITE Program was completed in September
1996. Results from the evaluation will be available in
1997.
In 1992, Lewis treated a 5-gallon sample of CCA-
contaminated soil from Hickson Corporation
(Hickson), a major CCA chemical manufacturer. The
treated soil met TCLP criteria, with chromium and
arsenic, the two main leaching solution constituents,
averaging 0.8 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) and 0.9
mg/kg, respectively.
Analysis also revealed 3,330 milligrams per liter
(mg/L) of chromium, 13,300 mg/L of copper, and
22,990 mg/L of iron in the leaching solution. In
addition, analysis indicated 41.4 mg/L of chromium,
94.8 mg/L of copper, and 3.0 mg/L of arsenic present
in the wash water. After treatment, the wash water
contained metals levels below 0.01 mg/L for copper
and chromium and 0.3 mg/L for arsenic.
Lewis plans further laboratory-scale testing at its
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania facility, followed by bench-
or pilot-scale testing at Hickson's facility in Conley,
Georgia.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7143
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Tom Lewis III
Lewis Environmental Services, Inc.
550 Butler Street
Etna, PA 15223
412-799-0959
Fax: 412-799-0958
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 161
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MATRIX PHOTOCATALYTIC INC.
(Photocatalytic Air Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc. is developing a titanium
dioxide (TiO^) photocatalytic air treatmenttechnology
that destroys volatile organic compounds (VOC) and
semivolatile organic compounds in air streams.
During treatment, contaminated air at ambient
temperatures flows through a fixed TiO2catalyst bed
activated by ultraviolet (UV) light. Typically, organic
contaminants are destroyed in fractions of a second.
Technology advantages include the following:
• Robust equipment
• No residual toxins
• No ignition source
• Unattended operation
* Low direct treatment cost
The technology has been tested on benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, and xylene; trichloroethene;
tetrachloroethane; isopropyl alcohol; acetone;
chloroform; methanol; and methyl ethyl ketone. A
field-scale system is shown in the photograph on the
next page.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The TiO2 photocatalytic air treatmenttechnology can
effectively treat dry or moist air. The technology has
been demonstrated to purify contaminant steam
directly, thus eliminating the need to condense.
Systems of 100 cubic feet per minute have been
successfully tested on vapor extraction operations, air
stripper emissions, steam from desorption processes,
and VOC emissions from manufacturing facilities.
Other potential applications include odor removal,
Full-Scale Photocatalytic Air Treatment System
Page 162
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 2003
Ongoing Project
stack gas treatment, soil venting, and manufacturing
ultra-pure air for residential, automotive, instrument,
and medical needs. Systems of up to about 1,000
cubic feet per minute can be cost- competitive with
thermal destruction systems.
STATUS:
The TiO2 photocatalytic airtreatment technology was
accepted into SITE Emerging Technology Program
(ETP) in October 1992; the evaluation was completed
in 1993. Based on results from the ETP, this
technology was invited to participate hi the SITE
Demonstration Program. For further information
about the evaluation under the ETP, refer to the
journal article(EPA/600/A-93/282), which is available
from EPA. A suitable demonstration site is being
sought.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Paul de Percin
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7797
Fax:513-569-7105
e-mail: depercin.paul@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Bob Henderson
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc.
22 Pegler Street
London, Ontario, Canada N5Z 2B5
519-660-8669
Fax:519-660-8525
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 163
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
(Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-Phase Halogens)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The proprietary, nonthermal technology developed by
Process Technologies Incorporated (PTI), is a method
of photochemically oxidizing gaseous organic
compounds within a reaction chamber. PTTs
Photolytic Destruction Technology (PDT) uses low-
pressure ultraviolet (UV) lamps, with UV emissions
primarily at wavelengths in the 185 to 254 nanometer
range, located within the reaction chamber. Photons
emitted from these lamps break apart the chemical
bonds making up the volatile organic compound
(VOC) molecule. The process is capable of destroying
mixtures of chlorinated and nonchlorinated VOCs.
The PDT system is designed and fabricated in 3- to
12-cubic-feet-per-minute (cfin) modules. The size of
the module applied is dependent on the gas flow rate
and VOC concentrations in the gas stream. PTI
implements a fluid bed concentrator to allow for the
treatment of high flow gas streams, or those with rates
greater than 1,000 cfin. Significant cost savings can
be realized if the gas flow can be reduced, and
concentration increased prior to destruction.
PTI uses a proprietary reagent that forms a liner within
the process chamber. The reagent reacts chemically
with the gaseous degradation products formed during
the photolytic destruction of halocarbon molecules to
form solid, stable reaction products.
Reagent lifetime depends on flow rate, influent
concentrations, and specific chemical composition of
destruction targets. PTI has performed tests on spent
reagent to determine whether the material would be
classified as a hazardous waste under federal
regulations. Those tests indicated that the spent
reagent is likely nontoxic. The spent reagent is also
not reactive, corrosive, or flammable, and thus PTI is
confident that it is not a hazardous waste under federal
law. PTI accordingly believes that the spent reagent
material can be disposedof as ordinary solid waste or
used as a feedstock for cement manufacturing. The
PTI process is simple in design and easy to operate.
The system is designed to run continuously, 24-hours
per day.
Cleaned Air
@ 1,000 cfm
VOC Off-Gas
@ 1,000 cfrr
Concentrated VOC Vapor
Stream @ 6 cfm
Desorber
Column
UV Reactor
Cleaned
Air
Treated Air &
HCI @ 6 cfm
6 cfm Acid
Gas Scrubber
Separator
Desorption air
@ 6cfm
Simplified Process Flow Diagram
of Photolytic Destruction
Page 164
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Ongoing Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The technology was developed to destroy a number of
groups of compounds, including chlorinated solvents,
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and halons.
Example sources of process off-gas that contains
chlorinated and nonchlorinated VOCs, CFCs, and
HCFCs include steam vapor extraction, tank vents, air
strippers, steam strippers, and building vent systems.
The process is capable of destroying as high as 50,000
parts per million by volume VOC streams. The system
is capable of achieving greater than 90 percent on-line
availability, inclusive of scheduled maintenance
activities.
STATUS:
The PTI technology was accepted into the SITE
Demonstration Program in summer 1994. The
demonstration began in September 1994 atMcClellan
Air Force Base (AFB) in Sacramento, California. The
SITE demonstration was postponed shortly thereafter.
Activities under the SITE Program were rescheduled
in 1997. Additional tests incorporating an improved
design for treating soil vapor extraction off-gas were
successfully completed at the AFB in January 1996.
PTI completed a four month demonstration of the
combined fluid bed concentrator and PDT system at
the U.S. Navy'sNorth Island Site 9 in February, 1998.
This demonstration was performed to evaluate the
effectiveness and cost to remove and destroy VOC
vapor from an existing SVE system. The results of the
demonstration at the Navy's North Island Site 9
showed the PTI System was capable of achieving
greater than 95 percent destruction and removal
efficiency of VOCs in the soil vapor at a 250 standard
cfm flow rate. Furthermore, the Navy determined that
the PTI System provided a 45 percent cost savings
over activated carbon or flameless thermal oxidation.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Paul de Percin
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7797
Fax:513-569-7105
e-Mail: depercin.paul @epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Mike Swan
Process Technologies Incorportated
P.O. Box 476
Boise, ID 83701-0476
TECHNOLOGY USER CONTACT:
Kevin Wong
SM-ALC/EMR
5050 Dudley Boulevard
Suite 3
McClellanAFB,CA 95652-1389
916-643-0830 ext 327
Fax:916-643-0827
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 165
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
SELENTEC ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Selentec MAG*SEPSM Technology)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The MAG*SEPSM process uses the principles of
chemical adsorption and magnetism to selectivelybind
and remove heavy metals or radionuclides from
aqueous solutions such as groundwater, wastewater,
and drinking water. Contaminants are adsorbed on
specially formulated particles which have a core made
from magnetic material; these particles are then
separated (along with the adsorbed contaminants)from
the solution using a magnetic filter or magnetic
collector. The magnetic core has no interaction with
the contaminant.
The proprietary adsorbing particles are made of a
composite of organic polymers and magnetite. The
particles can be manufactured in two forms: one with
an ion exchanger and/or chelating functional group
attached to the particle surface (amidoxime
functionalized resin), or onewith inorganic adsorbers
bound to the surface of the particles (clinoptilolite).
These particles have high surface areas and rapid
adsorption kinetics.
A typical MAG*SEP treatment system consists of:
• a particle contact zone
• a particle handling system, including particle
injection components, a magnetic separator,
and particle reclaim components
• a particle regeneration system (where
applicable)
The process stream enters a contact zone (usually a
tank - other configurations are used for particular
applications) where MAG*SEPSMparticlesare injected
and mixed. The contact zone provides the necessary
solution flow characteristics and contact time with the
particles to ensure that the contamination will be
adsorbed onto the active surface sites of the particles.
The mixture then flows through a magnetic collector,
where the contaminatedparticles are retained while the
treated process stream passes through (see figure
below).
Particle
Injection
Tank
Particle
Regeneration
Particle
Reclaim
Tank
Process
""StreaTfT
Mixing
Zone
Magnetic
Collector
Treated
Schematic Diagram of the Mag*SEPSM Treatment System
Page 166
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 2003
Ongoing Project
Depending on the application, type of particle, and
contaminant concentration, the particles may be re-
injected into the flow stream, collected and disposed
of, or regenerated and reused. The regeneration
solution is processed to recover (concentrate and
remove) the contaminants and may be recycled.
The MAG*SEPSM process is able to selectively remove
(either ex situ or in situ) the following contaminants
from aqueous solutions: titanium, copper, cadmium,
arsenic, cobalt, molybdenum, platinum, selenium,
chromium, zinc, gold, iodine, manganese, technetium,
mercury, strontium, iron, ruthenium, thallium, cesium,
cobalt, palladium, lead, radium, nickel, silver, bismuth,
thallium, antimony, zirconium, radium, cerium, and all
actinides. The process operates at flow rates up to
2,000 gallons per minute (gpm).
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
TheMAG*SEPSMtechnologyreducesheavymetaland
radionuclide contamination in water and wastewater.
The technology has specific applications in
environmental remediation and restoration, treatment
of acid mine drainage, resource recovery, and
treatment of commercial industrial wastewater.
MAG* SEPSM particles can be produced to incorporate
any known ion exchanger or sorbing material.
Therefore, MAG*SEPSM can be applied in any
situation where conventional ion exchange is used.
STATUS:
The MAG*SEPSM technology was accepted into the
SITE Program in 1996 and is also one of 10
technologies participating in the White House's Rapid
Commercializationlnitiative. In addition, in 1997 the
MAG*SEPSM technology received a Research and
Development (R&D) 100 Award from the R&D trade
publication as one of the 100 Most Technologically
Significant New Products of 1997.
Selentec has completed a demonstration of the
MAG*SEPSM technology at the U.S. Department of
Energy's Savannah River Site. Heavy metal
concentrations hi coal pile runoff water were
significantly reduced to below drinking water
standards. Another demonstration of the technology
is planned for Savannah River whereby radioactive
cesium will be removed streams. The technology is
also being used to remove mercury from heavy water
drums at Savannah River.
The first commercial unit of the MAG*SEPSM
technology was put into service on November 18,
1998, at a dairy in Ovruch, Ukraine. For this
application, the unit is removing radioactive cesium
from contaminated milk produced near the Chernobyl
Nuclear Reactor Plant.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7143
e-mail: parker.randy@epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Steve Weldon
Selentec Environmental Technologies, Inc.
8601 Dunwoody Place, Suite 302
Atlanta, GA 30350-2509
770-640-7059
Fax: 770-640-9305
E-Mail: infofajselentec.com
The SUE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 167
-------
TRADE NAME INDEX
Company/Technology Name Volume
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process V1
ABB Environmental Services, Inc. (see Harding ESE) V2
Accutech Remedial Systems, Inc. (see ARS Technologies) V1
Acid Extraction Treatment System V2
Acoustic Barrier Particulate Separator V2
Active Environmental Technologies, Inc V1
Active Environmental Technologies, Inc. (formerly EET, Inc.) V2
Adsorptjon-lntegrated-Reaction Process V2
Adsorptive Filtration V2
Advanced Remediation Mixing, lnc.(forrnerly Chemfix Technologies, Inc.) V1
AEA Technology Environment (see United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority) V2
AIR-II (Adsorptjon-lntegrated-Reaction) Process V1
AIR-II (Adsorption-lntegrated-Reaction) Process V2
Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone V2
AirSentry Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer V3
ALCOA Separation Technology, Inc. (see Media & Process Technology) V2
AlgaSORB® Biological Sorption V2
Alternatjve Cover Assessment Program V1
Alternating Current Electrocoagulation Technology V2
Aluminum Company of America (see Media & Process Technology) V2
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent V1
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent V2
American Combustion, Inc V1
AMEC Earth and Environmental (formerly Geosafe Corporation) V1
AMS™ Dual-Tube Liner Soil Sampler V3
Anaerobic-Aerobic Sequential Bioremediation of PCE V2
Anaerobic Thermal Processor V1
Analytical and Remedial Technology, Inc V3
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Mercury in Soil V3
Argonne National Laboratory V1
Aquapetox®/SVE System V1
Aquatic Research Instruments V3
Arctic Foundations, Inc V1
An'zona State University/Zentox Corporation V2
ARS Technologies, Inc. (formerly Accutech Remedial Systems, Inc.) V1
ART International, Inc. (formerly Enviro-Sciences, Inc.) V2
Art's Manufacturing and Supply (AMS™ Dual-Tube Liner Soil Sampler) V3
Art's Manufacturing and Supply (Sediment Core Sampler) V3
ASC/EMR WPAFB (U.S. Air Force) V1
Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (Chemical Treatment and Ultrafiltration) V2
Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate Treatment) V2
Augmented In Situ Subsurface Bioremediation Process V1
Automated Sampling and Analytical Platform V3
AWD Technologies, Inc V1
Babcock & Wilcox Co. (see BWX Technologies, Inc.) V1
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition Process V1
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal Extraction ; V2
Battelle Memorial Institute V2
Bergmann, A Division of Linatex, Inc V1
Berkeley Environmental Restoration Center V1
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction Technology V1
Billings and Associates, Inc V1
BiMelyze® Mercury Immunoassay V3
Page 168
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
Binax Corporation, Antox Division (see Idetek, Inc.) V3
Bioaugmentation Process V1
Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc. (see Resource Management & Recovery) V2
Bio-Rem, Inc V1
Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas Treatment V2
BioGenesis Enterprises, Inc V1
BioGenesisSM Soil and Sediment Washing Process V1
Biological Aqueous Treatment System V1
Biological/Chemical Treatment V2
Biological penitrification Process V1
Biomineralization of Metals V2
Bionebraska, Inc V3
Bioscrubber V2
Bioslurry Reactor V1
Biotherm Process™ V1
Biotherm, LLC (formerly Dehydro-Tech Corporation) V1
BioTrol® (Biological Aqueous Treatment System) V1
BioTrol® (Soil Washing System) V1
BioTrol® (Methanotrophic Bioreactor System) V2
Bioventing V1
Brice Environmental Services Corporation V1
Bruker Analytical Systems, Inc V3
BWX Technologies, Inc V1
BWX Technologies, Inc V2
Calcium Sulfide and Calcium Polysulfide Technologies V1
Calgon Carbon Advanced Oxidation Technologies (formerly Vulcan Peroxidation
Sytems, Inc.) V1
Campbell Centrifugal Jig (CCJ) V2
Canonie Environmental Services Corporation (see Smith Environmental Technologies
Corporation) V1
Carver-Greenfield Process® for Solvent Extraction of Wet, Oily Wastes (see Biotherm
Process) V1
CAV-OX® Process V1
Cement-Lock Technology V1
Center for Hazardous Materials Research (Acid Extraction Treatment System) (see
Concurrent Technologies) V2
Center for Hazardous Materials Research (Organics Destruction and Metals
Stabilization) (see Concurrent Technologies) V2
Center for Hazardous Materials Research (Acid Extraction Treatment System) (see
Concurrent Technologies) V2
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation System V1
CF Systems Corporation V1
Chelation/Electrodeposition of Toxic Metals from Soils V2
CHEMetrics, Inc V3
Chemfix Technologies, Inc. (see Advanced Remediation Mixing, Inc.) V1
Chernjcal and Biological Treatment V2
Chemical Treatment V2
Chemical Treatment and Ultrafiltration V2
Chemical Waste Management, Inc. (see OHM Remediation Services Corp.) V1
Chemical Waste Management, Inc. (see Wheelabrator Clean Air Systems, Inc.) V1
Chromated Copper Arsehate Soil Leaching Process V2
Circulating Bed Combustor V1
Clay-Based Grouting Technology V1
Page 169
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
Clean Berkshires, Inc. (see Maxymillian Technologies, Inc.) V1
Clements, Inc V3
Cognis, Inc. (TERRAMET8 Soil Remediation System) V1
Cognis, Inc. (TERRAMET8 Soil Remediation System) V2
Cognis, Inc. (Biological/Chemical Treatment) V2
Cold Top Ex Situ Vitrification of Chromium-Contaminated Soils V1
Colloid Polishing Filter Method® (CPFM®) V1
Colorado School of Mines (see Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment)... V1
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment V1
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment V2
Commodore Advanced Sciences, Inc V1
Compact Gas Chromatograph V3
Concentrated Chloride Extraction and Recovery of Lead V2
Concurrent Technologies (formerly Center for Hazardous Materials Research) (Organic
Destruction and Metals Stabilization) V2
Concurrent Technologies (formerly Center for Hazardous Materials Research) (Acid
Extraction Treatment System) V2
Concurrent Technologies (formerly Center for Hazardous Materials Research) (Smelting Lead-
Containing Waste) V2
Constructed Wetlands-Based Treatment V1
Constructed Wetlands-Based Treatment V2
Contained Recovery of Oil Wastes (CROW™) V1
Contained Recovery of Oil Wastes (CROW™) V2
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and Adsorption Process V2
Core Barrel Soil Sampler V3
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System V1
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System V2
Cryogenic Barrier V1
CRYOCELL® V1
C-THRU Technologies Corporation (see Edax Portable Products Division) V3
CURE® - Electrocoagulation Wastewater Treatment System V1
CURE International, lnc.(see General Environmental, Inc.) V1
Current Environmental Solutions V1
Cyclone Furnace V1
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation Technology V1
Davy International Environmental Division (see Kvaerner Energy & Environment) V2
Debris Washing System V1
Dechlorination and Immobilization V1
Dehydrp-Tech Corporation (see Biotherm, LLC) V1
Desorption and Vapor Extraction System (DAVES) V1
Dexsil Corporation (Emulsion Turbidimetry) V3
Dexsil Corporation (Environmental Test Kits) V3
DOW Environmental, Inc. (see Radian International LLC) V1
Duke Engineering and Services, Inc V1
E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company, and Oberlin Filter Company V1
Dynamic Underground Stripping and Hydrous Pyrolysis Oxidation V1
Dynaphore, Inc V1
Earthsoft V1
Earth Tech., Inc.
V1
Earth Tech/Westinghouse Savannah River Co V1
Eberline Services, Inc. (formerly Thermo Nutech,lnc/TMA Thermo Analytical, Inc.) V2
EcoMat, Inc V1
Page 170
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
Ecova Corporation V1
Ecova Europa (see Gruppo Italimpresse) V1
E&C Williams, Inc .- V1
Edax Portable Products Division (formerly C-Thru Technologies Corporation) V3
Edenspace, Inc. (formerly Phytotech) V1
EET, Inc. (see Active Environmental Technologies, Inc.) V2
EG&G Environmental, Inc. (see Mactec-SBP Technologies Company, LLC) V1
Electro- Kinetically Aided Remediation (EKAR) V1
Electro-Petroleum, Inc. V1
Electro-Pure Systems, Inc. (see RECRA Environmental, Inc.) V2
Electrochemical Peroxidatipn of PCB-Contaminated Sediments and Waters V2
Electrochemical Remediation Technologies [ECRTs] V1
Electroheat-Enhanced Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids Removal V1
Electrokinetic Remediation Process V1
Electrokinetic Soil Processing V2
Electrokinetics for Lead Recovery V2
Electrokinetics, Inc. (Electrokinetic Soil Processing) V1
Electrokinetics, Inc. (Electrokinetic Soil Processing) V2
Electrokinetics, Inc. (In Situ Bioremediation by Electrokinetic Injection) V2
Electrokinetics for Lead Recovery V1
Electron Beam Research Facility, Florida International University and University of Miami
(see High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc.) V1
ELI Eco Logic Inc V1
Ei-influx® Soil-Gas Survey System V3
EmTech Environmental Services (formerly Hazcon, Inc.) V1
Emulsion Turbidimetry .V3
Energia, Inc. (Reductive Photo-Dechlorination Treatment) V2
Energia, Inc. (Reductive Thermal and Photo- Thermal Oxidation Processes for Enhance
Conversion of Chlorocarbons) V2
Energy and Environmental Engineering, Inc. (see UV Technologies Inc.) V2
Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (Hybrid Fluidized Bed System) V2
Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (Reactor Filter System) V2
Enhanced In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Compounds in Groundwater V1
ENSR Consulting and Engineering (see New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation) V1
EnSys Penta Test System V3
EnSys Environmental Products, Inc. (see Strategic Diagnostics, Inc.) V3
Enviro-Sciences, Inc. (see ART International, Inc.) V2
Envirobond™ Solution V1
EnviroGard Corporation (see Strategic Diagnostics, Inc.) V3
EnviroGard™ PCB Immunoassay Test Kit V3
EnviroMetal Technologies, Inc. (In Situ and Ex Situ Metal-Enhanced Abiotic Degradation
of Dissolved Halogenated Organic Compounds in Groundwater) V1
EnviroMetal Technologies, Inc. (Reactive Barrier) V1
Environmental BioTechnologies, Inc V2
Environmental Systems Corporation V3
Environmental Technologies Group, Inc V3
Environmental Test Kits V3
EPOC Water, Inc V1
Equate® Immunoassay V3
EQulS Software V1
Excavation Techniques and Foam Suppression Methods V1
Ex Situ Biovault V1
Page 171
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
Ferro Corporation V2
Field Analytical Screening Program-PCB Method V3
Field Analytical Screening Program-PCP Method V3
Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzers V3
Filter Flow Technology, Inc V1
Flame Reactor V1
Fluid Extraction-Biological Degradation Process V2
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic Agglomerating Combustor V2
FORAGER® Sponge V1
Frequency-Tunable Pulse Combustion System V1
Fugro Geosciences, Inc. (formerly Loral Corporation) V3
Funderburk & Associates (see EmTech Environmental Services) V1
Fungal Degradation Process V2
Fungal Treatment Technology V1
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction Process V1
Gas Technology Institute (Cement-Lock Technology) V1
Gas Technology Institute (Chemical and Biological Treatment) V2
Gas Technology Institute (Fluid Extraction-Biological Degradation Process) V2
Gas Technology Institute (Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic Agglomerating Combustor) V2
Gas Technology Institute (Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation) V2
General Atomics, Nuclear Remediation Technologies Division V2
General Atomics (formerly Ogden Environmental) V1
General Environmental, Inc. (formerly Hydrologies, Inc./Cure International, Inc.) V1
Geo-Con, Inc V1
Geo-Microbial Technologies, Inc V2
Geokinetics International, Inc. (Electroheat-Enhanced Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids
Removal) V1
Geokinetics International, Inc. (Electrokinetics for Lead Recovery) V1
Geokinetics International, Inc. (Electrokinetic Remediation Process) V1
GeoMelt Vitrification V1
Geoprobe Systems (Large Bore Soil Sampler) V3
Geoprobe Systems (Geoprobe Soil Conductivity Sensor) V3
Geosafe Corporation (see AMEC Earth and Environmental) V1
Geotech Development Corporation V1
GHEA Associates Process V2
GIS\KEY™ Environmental Data Management System V1
GIS\Solutions, Inc V1
Glass Furnace Technology for Dredged Sediments V1
W.L. Gore and Associates, Inc V3
GORE-SORBER® Screening Survey V3
Grace Bioremediation Technologies V1
Graseby Ionics, Ltd., and PCP, Inc V3
Groundwater Circulation Biological Treatment Process V1
Gruppo Italimpresse V1
Hanby Environmental Laboratory Procedures, Inc V3
Harding ESE, a Mactec Company (formerly ABB Environmental Services, Inc.) V1
Harding ESE, a Mactec Company (formerly ABB Environmental Services, Inc.) V2
Hazcon, Inc. (see Emtech Environmental Services) V1
Hewlett-Packard Company V3
High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc. (formerly Electron Beam Research
Facility, Florida International University and University of Miami) (High-Energy
Electron Irradiation) V1
Page 172
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc. (formerly Electron Beam Research
Facility, Florida International University and University of Miami) (High-Energy
Electron Beam Irradiation) V2
High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation V2
High Energy Electron Irradiation ,V1
HNU Systems Inc. (HNU Source Excited Flourescence Analyzer-Portable [SEFA-P] X-
Ray Fluorescence Analyzer) V3
HNU Systems Inc. (HNU GC 311D Portable Gas Chromatograph) V3
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence Analyser-Portable [SEFA-P] X-Ray Fluorescence
Analyzer V3
HNU GC 311D Portable Gas Chromatograph V3
Horiba Instruments, Inc V3
Horsehead Resource Development Co., Inc V1
HRUBETZ Environmental Services, Inc V1
HRUBOUT8 Process '.V1
Hughes Environmental Systems, Inc V1
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System V2
Hydraulic Fracturing V1
Hydrologies, Inc. (see General Environmental, Inc.) V1
Idetek, Inc. (formerly Binax Corporation, Antox Division) V3
IIT Research Institute V1
Immunoassay and Colorimetry V3
Infrared Analysis (Horiba Instruments, Inc.) V3
Infrared Analysis (Wilks Enterprise, Inc) V3
Infrared Thermal Destruction V1
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal-Enhanced Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved Halogenated
Organic Compounds in Groundwater V1
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum Extraction V1
In Situ Bioremediation by Electrokinetic Injection V2
In Situ Bioventing Treatment System V1
In Situ Electrokinetic Extraction System V1
In Situ Electroacoustic Soil Decontamination V2
In Situ Enhanced Bioremediation of Groundwater V1
In Sjtu and Ex Situ Vacuum Extraction V1
In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water V2
In Situ Reactive Barrier V1
In Situ Soil Treatment (Steam and Air Stripping) V1
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization Process V1
In Situ Steam Enhanced Extraction Process V1
In-Situ Thermal Destruction V1
In Situ Thermally Enhanced Extraction (TEE) Process V1
In Situ Vitrification V1
Institute of Gas Technology (see Gas Technology Institute) V1
Institute of Gas Technology (see Gas Technology Institute) V2
Integrated AquaDetox Steam Vacuum Stripping and Soil Vapor Extraction/Reinjection V1
Integrated Water Resources, Inc V1
International Waste Technologies V1
Ion Mobility Spectrometry V3
Ionics RCC V1
IT Corporation (Batch Steam Distillation and Metal Extraction) V2
IT Corporation (Chelation/Electrodeposition of Toxic Metals from Soils) V2
IT Corporation (Mixed Waste Treatment Process) V2
IT Corporation (Photolytic and Biological Soil Detoxification) V2
Page 173
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
IT Corporation (KMnO4 [Potassium Permanganate] Oxidation of TCE) V1
IT Corporation (formerly OHM Remediation Services Corporation) (Oxygen Microbubble
In Situ Bioremediation) V2
IT Corporation (Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor) V2
IT Corporation (formerly OHM Remediation Services Corp., formerly Chemical Waste
Management, Inc.) (X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption) V1
ITT Night Vision (see Earth Tech, Inc.) V1
JMC Environmentalist's Subsoil Probe V3
KAI Technologies, Inc V1
KSE, Inc V1
KSE, Inc V2
Kvaemer Energy & Environment (formerly Davy International Environmental Division) V2
Large Bore Soil Sampler V3
Larsen Engineers (see New York State Department of Environmental Conservation) V1
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation V1
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation V2
Lewis Environmental Services, Inc./Hickson Corporation V2
Liquid and Soils Biological Treatment VI
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction (LG-SX) Technology V1
Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space Co. and Geokinetics International, Inc V1
Loral Corporation (see Fugro Gepsciences Inc.) V3
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration (LTTA®) V1
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment System (LT3®) V1
Low-Energy Extraction Process (LEEP®) V2
MAECTITE®Chemical Treatment Process V1
Mactec-SBP Technologies Company, L.L.C. (formerly EG&G Environmental, Inc.) V1
Mae Corp, Inc. (see Sevenson Environmental Services, Inc.) V1
Magnum Water Technology V1
MatCon™ Modified Asphalt Cap V1
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc. (Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase Organic Destruction) V1
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc. (Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase Organic Destruction) V2
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc. (Photocatalytic Air Treatment) V1
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc. (Photocatalytic Air Treatment) V2
Maxymillian Technologies, Inc. (formerly Clean Berkshires, Inc.) V1
Media & Process Technology (formerly Aluminum Company of America and Alcoa
Separation Technology, Inc.) V2
Membrane Filtration and Bioremediation V1
Membrane Microfiltration V1
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc V2
Metal Analysis Probe (MAP®) Portable Assayer (Edax Portable Products Division) V3
Metal Analysis Probe (MAP®) Spectrum Assayer V3
Metals Immobilization and Decontamination of Aggregate Solids (MelDAS) V2
Metals Release and Removal from Wastes V2
Methanotrophic Bioreactor System V2
Metorex, Inc V3
Metso Minerals Industries, Inc. (formerly Svedala Industries, Inc.) V2
Micro-Bac International, Inc V1
Microbial Composting Process V2
Microbial Degradation of PCBs V1
Microsensor Systems, Incorporated V3
Mrllipore Corporation V3
Minergy Corp V1
Mixed Waste Treatment Process V2
Page 174
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
Mobile Environmental Monitor V3
Mobile Volume Reduction Unit '.'.'.'.'.'."' V1
Molecular Bonding System® ''. vi
Monsanto/DuPont (see Pharmacia Corporation) ............. V1
Monsanto/DuPont (see Pharmacia Corporation) V2
Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology (Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone) . V2
Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology (Campbell Centrifugal Jig) V2
Morrison Knudsen Corporation/Spetstamponazhgeologia Enterprises V1
MoTech, Inc. (see Remediation Technologies, Inc.) V1
MSI-3CUA Vapor Monitor '.'.'.V.V3
MTI Analytical Instrument, Inc. (see Hewlett-Packard Company) .'.'. V3
Multiple Innovative Passive Mine Drainage Technologies V1
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process) V1
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (Volume Reduction Unit) V1
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (Bioventing) V1
National Risk Management Research Laboratory and Intech 180 Corporation V1
National Risk Management Research Laboratory and IT Corporation V1
National Risk Management Research Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, and FRX, Inc... V1
New Jersey Institute of Technology V2
New Jersey Institute of Technology hazardous Substances Managment Research
Center (formerly Hazardous Substance Management Research Center at New
Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey). V2
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation/ENSR Consulting and
Engineering and Larsen Engineers V1
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation/SBP Technologies, Inc. V1
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation/R.E. Wright Environmental
Inc V1
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation/Science Applications
International Corporation V1
Niton Corporation ........... V3
North American Technologies Group, Inc V1
Novaterra Associates (formerly Toxic Treatment, Inc.) V1
NoVOCs™ In-Well Stripping Technology V1
Ogden Environmental (see General Atomics) V1
OHM Remediation Services Corporation (see IT Corporation) ....... V1
OHM Remediation Services Corporation (see IT Corporation) V2
Ohmicrpn Corporation (see Strategic Diagnostics, Inc.) V3
Oleophilic Amine-Coated Ceramic Chip V1
Organic Stabilization and Chemical Fixation/Solidification V1
Organics Destruction and Metals Stabilization V2
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ Bioremediation V2
Oxidation and Vitrification Process V2
PCS- and Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil Detoxification ......... .... . ... ..'.".". V2
PE Photovac International, Inc. (formerly Photovac International, Inc.). V3
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas Chromatograph V3
PENTA RISc Test System (see Ensys Penta Test System) V3
Precipitation, Microfiltration, and Sludge Dewatering - V1
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation Technology '. V1
Pharmacia Corporation (formerly Monsanto/DuPont) V1
Pharmacia Corporation (formerly Monsanto/DuPont) V2
Photocatalytic Air Treatment V.V.V2
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase Organic Destruction V1
Page 175
-------
TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase Organic Destruction V2
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air Stripping V2
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and Removal V2
Photolytic and Biological Soil Detoxification V2
Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-Phase Halogens V1
Photolytic Oxidation Process • V2
Photothermal Detoxification Unit V2
Photovac Internationa], Inc. (see PE Photovac International, Inc.) V3
Photovac Monitoring Instruments (see PE Photovac International, Inc) V3
Phytokinetics, Inc. (Phytoremediation Process) VI
Phytokinetics, Inc. (Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils) : V2
Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils V2
Phytoremediation of TCE-Contaminated Shallow Groundwater V1
Phytoremediation of TCE in Groundwater VI
Phytoremediation (Argonne National Laboratory) V1
Phytoremediation Process VI
Phytoremediation Technology VI
Phytotech (see Edenspace, Inc.) VI
Pintail Systems, Inc. (Spent Ore Bioremediation Process) V1
Pintail Systems, Inc. (Biomineralization of Metals) V2
Plasma Arc Vitrification VI
Pneumatic Fracturing and Bioremediation Process V2
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction5" and Catalytic Oxidation V1
PO*WW*ER™ Technology V1
Portable Gas Analyzer/HP Micro GC V3
KMnO4 (Potassium Permanganate) Oxidation of TCE . VI
Praxis Environmental Technologies, Inc VI
Precipitation, Microfiltration, and Sludge Dewatering VI
Process Technologies Incorporated VI
PSI Technologies, A Division of Physical Sciences Inc V2
Pulse Sciences, Inc. (X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous Solutions) V2
Pulse Sciences, Inc. (X-Ray Treatment of Organically Contaminated Soils) V2
Purus, Inc. (see Thermatrix, Inc.) V2
PYRETRON® Thermal Destruction VI
Pyrokiln Thermal Encapsulation Process V2
Quadrel Services, Inc V3
Radian International LLC V1
Radio Frequency Heating (from ITT Research Institute/Brown and Root Environmental) V1
Radio Frequency Heating (from KAI Technologies, Inc./Brown and Root Environmental) .. V1
Radiometer American V3
Rapid Optical Screening Tool V3
RaPID Assay® V3
Reactive Barrier VI
Reactor Filter System V2
RECRA Environmental, Inc. (formerly Electro-Pure Systems, Inc.) V2
Recycling Sciences International, Inc VI
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination Treatment V2
Reductive Thermal and Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes for Enhanced Conversion
of Chlorocarbons V2
Regenesis VI
Region 8 and State of Colorado VI
RemediAid™ (see Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Field Soil Test Kit) V3
Remediation Technologies, Inc. (Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas Treatment) V2
Page 176
-------
TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
Remediation Technologies, Inc. (formerly Motech, Inc.) (Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment) V1
Resources Conservation Company V1
Resource Management & Recovery (formerly Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc.) V2
Retech M4 Environmental Management Inc V1
Reverse Osmosis: Disc Tube™ Module Technology V1
RKK, LTD V.V.V1
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module System V1
Rochem Separation Systems, Inc V1
Rocky Mountain Remediation Services, LLC V1
The SABRE™ Process V1
Sandia National Laboratories V1
SBP Technologies, Inc. (Groundwater Circulation Biological Treatment Process) V1
SBP Technologies, Inc. (Membrane Filtration and Bioremediation) V1
SCAPS Cone Penetrometer V3
Science Applications International Corporation (In Situ Bioventing Treatment System) V1
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas Chromatograph V3
SCITEC Corporation V3
Sediment Core Sampler (Art's Manufacturing and Supply) V3
Sediment Core Sampler (Aquatic Research Instruments) V3
SEFA-P (Source Excited Fluorescence Analyzer-Portable) V3
Segmented (Bate System V2
Selentec Environmental Technologies, Inc V1
Selentec MAG*SEPSM Technology V1
Sentex Sensing Technology, Inc V3
Seyenson Environmental Services, Inc. (formerly Mae Corp, Inc.) V1
Shirco Infrared Systems, Inc. (see Gruppo Italimpresse) V1
Silicate Technology Corporation (See STC Remediation, Inc.) V1
J.R. Simplot Company (see U. Of Idaho Research Foundation) V1
Simulprobe® Technologies, Inc V3
Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) V3
Site-Lab Corporation V3
SIVE Services V1
Six-Phase Heating™ of TCE V1
Smelting Lead-Containing Waste V2
Smith Environmental Technologies Corporation (formerly Canonie Environmental
Services Corporation) V1
Soil and Sediment Washing V1
Soil Recycling V1
Soil Rescue Remediation Fluid V1
Soil Separation and Washing Process V2
Soiltech ATP Systems, Inc V1
Soil Washjng Process V1
Soil Washing System V1
Solidification and Stabilization (from Advanced Remediation Mixing, Inc.) V1
Solidification and Stabilization (from Soliditech, Inc.) V1
Solidification and Stabilization (from Wastech, Inc.) V1
Soliditech, Inc V1
Solvated Electron Technology, SET™ Remediation System V1
Solvent Extraction Treatment System V1
SOLUCORP Industries V1
Sonotech, Inc V1
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center V3
Page 177
-------
TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process V1
SRI Instruments V3
Star Organics, LLC V1
State University of New York at Oswego, Environmental Research Center V2
Steam Enhanced Remediation (SER) (at Loring AFB) V1
Steam Enhanced Remediation (SER) (at Ridgefield, WA) V1
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process V1
Steam Injection and Vacuum Extraction V1
SteamTech Environmental Services(Steam Enhanced Remediation (SER) at Loring
AFB) V1
SteamTech Environmental Services(Steam Enhanced Remediation (SER) at Ridgefield,
WA) V1
STC Remediation, Inc. (formerly Silicate Technology Corporation) V1
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process V1
Strategic Diagnostics, Inc. (Formerly EnSys Environmental Products, Inc.) (EnSys Penta
Test System) V3
Strategic Diagnostics, Inc. (EnviroGard™ PCS Immunoassay Test Kit) V3
Strategic Diagnostics, Inc. (Immunoassay and Colorimetry) V3
Strategic Diagnostics, Inc. (formerly Ohmicron Corporation) (RaPID Assay®) V3
Subsurface Volatilization and Ventilation System (SWS®) V1
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation V2
Surfactant Enhanced Aquifer Remediation of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids V1
Svedala Industries, Inc. (see Metso Minerals Industries Inc.) V2
TechXtract® Decontamination Process V1
Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor V2
Terra-Kleen Response Group, Inc V1
TERRAMET8 Soil Remediation System V1
TerraTherm, Inc V1
Terra Vac V1
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants in Soil and Water V3
Texaco Gasification Process V1
Texaco Inc V
Thermal Desorption System V1
Thermal Desorption Unit V1
Thermal Desorption & Vapor Extraction System V1
Thermal Gas Phase Reduction Process and Thermal Desorption Unit V1
Thermatrix, Inc. (formerly Purus, Inc.) V2
THERM-0-DETOX® System V1
Thermo Noran V3
Thermo Nutech, Inc. (see Eberline Services, Inc.) V2
Time Release Electron Acceptors and Donors for Accelerated Natural Attenuation V1
TMA Thermo Analytical, Inc. (see Eberline Services.) V2
TN 9000 and TN Pb X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzers V3
TN Spectrace (see Thermo Noran) V3
Toronto Harbour Commission V1
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Field Soil Test Kit V3
Toxic Treatment, Inc. (see Novaterra Associates) V1
Tri-Services V3
Trinity Environmental Technologies, Inc V2
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In Situ Treatment Strategy V2
Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate Treatment V2
Ultraviolet Fluorescence Spectrometer V3
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation V1
Page 178
-------
TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
Ultrox, A Division of Zimpro Environmental, Inc. (see U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox) V1
United States Environmental Protection Agency (Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods) V1
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (formerly AEA Technology Environment) V2
United States Environmental Protection Agency (Field Analytical Screening Program-
PCB Method) V3
United States Environmental Protection Agency (Field Analytical Screening Program-
PCP Method) V3
University of Houston V2
University Of Idaho Research Foundation (formerly licensed to J.R. Simplot Company) V1
University of Dayton Research Institute V2
University of Miami (see High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc.) V1
University of Nebraska-Lincoln V1
University of South Carolina V2
University of Washington V2
University of Wisconsin-Madison V2
U.S. Air Force V1
U.S. EPA (Field Analytical Screening Program - PCB Method) V3
U.S. EPA NRMRL (Alternative Cover Assessment Program) V1
U.S. EPA NRMRL (Base-Catalyzed Decomposition Process) V1
U.S. EPA NRMRL (Bioventing) V1
U.S. EPA NRMRL (Mobile Volume Reduction Unit) V1
U.S. EPA NRMRL and IT Corporation V1
U.S. EPA NRMRL and fntech 180 Corporation V1
U.S. EPA NRMRL, U. of Cincinnati, and FRX, Inc V1
U.S. EPA Region 8 and State of Colorado V1
U.S. EPA Region 9 V1
U.S. Filter (formerly Ultrox International, Inc.) V1
U.S. Filter/Zimpro Inc. (see U.S. Filter) .VI
UV Technologies, Inc. (formerly Energy and Environmental Engineering, Inc.) V2
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well V1
UV CATOXJ Process V2
Vacuum-Vaporized Well System V1
VaporSep® Membrane Process V2
Vitrification Process V1
Volume Reduction Unit V1
Vortec Corporation V1
Vulcan Peroxidation Systems, Inc. (see Calgon Carbon Advanced Oxidation
Technologies) V1
W.L. Gore and Associates, Inc V3
Waste Vitrification Through Electric Melting V2
Wastech, Inc V1
Weiss Associates V1
WES-PHix® Stabilization Process V1
Western Product Recovery Group, Inc V2
Western Research Institute V1
Western Research Institute V2
Roy F. Weston, Inc. (Low Temperature Thermal Treatment System) V1
Roy F. Weston, Inc. (Ambersorb®563 Adsorbent) V1
Roy F. Weston, Inc. (Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent) V2
Roy F. Weston, Inc./IEG Technologies V1
Wetlands-Based Treatment V2
Wilder Construction Company V1
Page 179
-------
TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Company/Technology Name Volume
Weiss Associates V1
Wilks Enterprise, Inc V3
Wheelabrator Clean Air Systems, Inc. (formerly Chemical Waste Management, Inc.) V1
Wheelabrator Technologies, Inc V1
X-19 Biological Products V1
Xerox Corporation V1
X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous Solutions V2
X-Ray Treatment of Organically Contaminated Soils V2
X*TRAX® Thermal Desorption V1
XL Spectrum Analyzer V3
Xontech Incorporated V3
XonTech Sector Sampler V3
ZenoGem™ Process V1
Zenon Environmental Inc. (ZenoGem™ Process) V1
Zenon Environmental Inc. (Cross-flow Pervaporation System) V1
Zenon Environmental Inc. (Cross-flow Pervaporation System) V2
Page 180
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX
Media
Air
Air (Cont.)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont.)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
Media & Process
Technology
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
U.S. EPA
ARS Technologies
Inc.
ENERGIA, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc
Membrane
Technology and
Research, hie.
Xerox Corporation
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Systems Inc.
SRJ Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.
and PCP Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Technology
Bioscrubber
Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated
Gas Treatment
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction
and Catalytic Oxidation
Reductive Thermal and Photo-
Thermal Oxidation for Enhanced
Conversion of Chlorocarbons
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VaporSep® Membrane Process
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Frequency-Tunable Pulse
Combustion System
Volume
2
2
1
1
2
2
1/2
1/2
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
Page 181
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Air (Cont.)
Contaminants
Dioxins
Furans
Furans (Cont.)
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Process/Technologies,
Inc.
Technology
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Reactor Filter System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Reactor Filter System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated
Gas Treatment
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-
Phase Halogens
Volume
2
1
1/2
1/2
3
3
2
2
1
1/2
1/2
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
Page 182
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Air (Cont.)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont.)
Herbicides
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology
Vendor
ARS Technologies
Inc.
Arizona State U./
Zentox Corp.
ENERGIA, Inc.
ENERGIA, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Membrane
Technology and
Research, Inc.
Thermatrix Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc. .
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Systems Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Technology
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination
Treatment
Reductive Thermal and Photo-
Thermal Oxidation Processes for
Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VaporSep® membrane Process
Photolytic Oxidation Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Volume
1
2
2
2
2
1/2
1/2
2
2
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
1/2
3
Page 183
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Air (Cont)
Contaminants
Metals
Metals (Cont.)
PAHs
PCBs
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont.)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology
Vendor
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
General Atomics,
Nuclear Remediation
Technologies Division
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
American
Combustion, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
Sentex Systems Inc.
SRI Instruments
Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Acoustic Barrier Particulate
Separator
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301 A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PYRETRON® Thermal Destruction
Reactor Filter Systems
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301 A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Volume
3
2
1
2
1/2
3
3
3
1
2
3
3
I
1/2
3
3
3
3
3
3
Page 184
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Air (Cont.)
Contaminants
Pesticides
Pesticides
(Cont.)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Systems Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Process Technologies,
Inc.
ARS Technologies
Inc.
ENERGIA, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Compact Gas Chromatographs
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-
Phase Halogens
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Reductive Thermal and Photo-
Thermal Oxidation Processes for
Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Frequency-Turnable Pulse
Combustion System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Volume
3
2
1
1/2
3
3
3
3
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
3
3
3
1
2
Page 185
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APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Air (Cont.)
Contaminants
VOCs
VOCs (Cont.)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont.)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology
Vendor
Media & Process
Technologies Inc.
U.S. EPA
Process Technologies,
Inc.
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
Arizona State U./
Zentox Corp.
ENERGIA, Inc.
ENERGIA, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Membrane
Technology and
Research, Inc.
Thermatrix, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Systems, Inc.
Technology
Bioscrubber
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photo lytic Destruction of Vapor-
Phase Halogens
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination
Treatment
Reductive Thermal and Photo-
Thermal Oxidation Processes for
Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbon
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VaporSep® Membrane Process
Photolytic Oxidation Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Volume
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1/2
1/2
2
2
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
Page 186
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Air (Cont.)
Gas
Gas
(Cont.)
Contaminants
VOCs
Aromatic VOCs
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont.)
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(Cont.)
Technology
Vendor
SRI Instruments
Environmental
Technologies Group,
Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Media & Process
Technology
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
U.S. EPA
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
ENERGIA, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Membrane
Technology and
Research, inc.
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Technology
Compact Gas Chromatograph
AirSentry Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometer
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Frequency-Turnable Pulse
Combustion System
Bioscrubber
Biofllm Reactor for Chlorinated
Gas Treatment
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Reductive Thermal and Photo-
Thermal Oxidation Processes for
Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VaporSep® Membrane Process
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HMJ GC 3 1 1 D Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Volume
3
3
3
3
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1/2
1/2
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
Page 187
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Gas
(Cont.)
Contaminants
Dioxins
Furans
Furans (Cont.)
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.
XonTech, inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Technology
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Frequency-Turnable Pulse
Combustion System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Reactor Filter System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Photocatalytic Ah- Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Reactor Filter System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Volume
3
3
3
3
1
2
1
1/2
1/2
3
3
2
2
1
1/2
1/2
3
3
2
2
Page 188
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Gas
(Cont.)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont.)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont.)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Technology
Vendor
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Process Technologies,
Inc.
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
Arizona State U./
Zentox Corp.
ENERGIA, Inc.
ENERGIA, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Membrane
Technology and
Research, Inc.
Thermatrix, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
Technology
Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated
Gas Treatment
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-
Phase Halogens
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination
Treatment
Reductive Thermal and Photo-
Thermal Oxidation process for
Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VaporSep® Membrane Process
Photolytic Oxidation Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION
Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Volume
2
1
I
1
2
2
2
2
1/2
1/2
2
2
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
Page 189
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Gas
(Cont.)
Contaminants
Heavy Metals
Herbicides
Metals
Metals (Cont.)
PAHs
PCBs
Treatment Type
Thermal
Destruction
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Thermal
Destruction
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology
Vendor
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
General Atomics,
Nuclear Remediation
Technologies Div.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
American
Combustion, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Technology
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Acoustic Barrier Particulate
Separator
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301 A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PYRETRON® Thermal Destruction
Reactor Filter System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Volume
2
3
1
1/2
3
3
2
1
2
1/2
3
3
3
1
2
3
3
1
1/2
3
Page 190
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Gas
(Cent.)
Contaminants
Pesticides
Pesticides
(Cont.)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Material Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Material Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
Sentex Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Systems, Inc.
. SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Process Technologies,
Inc.
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
ENERGIA, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Technology
HNU GC 311D Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-
Phase Halogens
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Reductive Thermal and Photo-
Thermal Oxidation Processes for
Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION
Process
Volume
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
1/2
3
3
3
3
2
3
1
1
2
2
1
Page 191
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Gas
(Cont.)
Contaminants
VOCs
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Media & Process
Technology
U.S. EPA
Process Technologies,
Inc.
ARS Technologies,
inc.
Arizona State U/
Zentox Corp.
AWD Technologies,
Inc.
ENERGIA, Inc.
ENERGIA, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Membrane
Technology and
Research, Inc.
Thermatrix, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Technology
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Frequency-Turaable Pulse
Combustion System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Bioscrubber
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-
Phase Halogens
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Aqua Detox®/SVE System
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination
Treatment
Reductive Thermal and Photo-
Thermal Oxidation Processes for
Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VaporSep® Membrane Process
Photolytic Oxidation Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Volume
3
3
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
1/2
1/2
2
2
2
1
Page 192
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Gas
(Cont.)
Ground
water
Ground
water
(Cont.)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont.)
Aromatic VOCs
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont.)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(Cont.)
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation
(Cont.)
Technology
Vendor
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.,
Microsensor Systems,
Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Environmental
Technologies Group,
Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Billings and
Associates, inc.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
New York State
Department of
Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental
Inc.
Harding ESE, a
MacTech Co.
IT Corporation
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Technology
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
AirSentry Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometer
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Frequency-Turnable Pulse
Combustion System
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation Systems (SVVS®)
Augmented in Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, Inc
Situ Treatment Technology
Oxygen Microbubbles In Situ
Bioremediation
ZenoGem™ Process
Volume
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
i
1/2
2
1
Page 193
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
Hughes
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
NOVATERRA,
Associates
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Western Research
Institute
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Terra Therm Inc. age
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Thermatrix, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
U. of Nebraska -
Lincoln
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Technology
Hydraulic Fracturing
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
In Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Contained Recovery of Oily Wastes
(CROW™)
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation
System
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Volume
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1/2
1/2
2
1/2
2
1
1
1
1
1
Page 194
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cent)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Cyanide
Diesel
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Pintail Systems, Inc.
E & C Williams, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
Integrated Water
Resources, Inc.
Technology
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 1 D Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Portable Gas Analyzer
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soi! and Water
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Calsium Sulfide and Calcium
Polysulfide Technologies
Hydraulic Fracturing
Dynamic Underground Stripping of
TCE
Volume
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
2
1/2
3
1
1
Page 195
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cent)
Contaminants
Dioxins
Dioxins
Explosives
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Phy sical/Chem ical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Steam Tech
Environmental
Services
SiteLAB Corporation
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Integrated Water
Resources
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
SteamTech
Environmental
Services
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
IT Corporation
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics
Inc.
BWX Technologies
Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
Technology
Steam Enhanced Remediation
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
GAS-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Dynamic Underground Stripping of
TCE
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Steam Enhanced Remediation
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
KMnO4 Oxidation of TCE
Photocataiytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPfD Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
GHEA Associates Process
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Volume
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1/2
1
1/2
1
3
1
3
3
1/2
2
2
1
Page 196
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Furans
Furans (Cont)
Gasoline
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Materials Handling
Spectrometers
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies
Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Integrated Water
Resources Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
SteamTech
Environmental
Services
SiteLAB Corporation
ASC/EMR Wright-
Patterson AFB
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Technology
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Dynamic Underground Stripping of
TCE
Hydraulic Fracturing
Steam Enhanced Remediation
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Phytoremediation of TCE-
Contaminated Shallow
Groundwater
Augmented in Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Volume
1
1
1
1/2
1/2
1
3
3
3
3
1/2
2
1
1
1
3
2
1
Page 197
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Harding ESE, a
MacTech Co.
New York State
Department of
Environmental
Conservation/Science
Applications
International Corp.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
Pharmacia
Corporation
Hughes
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
NOVATERRA
Associates
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Western Research
Institute
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
Arizona State U./
Zentox Corp.
CF Systems Corp.
Technology
Methanotrophic Bioreactor System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Technology
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
ZenoGem™ Process
Hydraulic Fracturing
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
In Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Contained Recovery of Oily Wastes
(CROW™)
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Volume
1
2
1/2
1
1
1
1/2
1
1
2
1
I
2
1
2
1
Page 198
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
Water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology
Vendor
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
U. of Nebraska-
Lincoln
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds
in Groundwater
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation
System
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
Volume
1
1/2
2
1/2
2
1
1
1
4
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
Page 199
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cont)
Ground
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Heavy Metals
Herbicides
Herbicides
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology
Vendor
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Terra Therm, Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Pharmacia
Corporation
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Technology
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothennal Detoxification Unit
Mobile Environmental Monitor
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Phytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
ZenoGem™ Process
Lasagna™ in Situ Soil Remediation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Volume
1
3
3
1
2
3
1
1
1/2
2
1
1/2
1
I
1
1
1/2
1
3
Page 200
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cent)
Contaminants
Metals
Metals
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-
ray Fluorescence
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics
Inc.
BWX Technologies
Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Colorado Dept. of
Public Health and
Environment
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Resource
Management &
Recovery
Metorex, Inc.
Pharmacia
Corporation
Filter Flow
Technology, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Ltd.
E.I. DuPont de
Nemours and Co. and
Oberlin Filter Co.
Dynaphore, Inc.
EPOC Water, Inc.
E & C Williams, Inc.
Technology
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Wetlands-Based Treatment
Biomineraiization of Metals
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
AlgaSORB® Biological Sorption
Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil
Remediation
Colloid Polishing Filter Method®
GHEA Associates Process
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module
System
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Membrane Microfiltration
FORAGER® Sponge
Precipitation, Microfiltration, and
Sludge Dewatering
Calsium Sulfide and Calcium
Polysulfide Technologies
Volume
1
3
1
1/2
2
2
1/2
1/2
2
3
1/2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
Page 201
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Organics
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(Cont)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
General
Environmental Corp.
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Geokinetics,
International, Inc.
Lockheed Martin
Missiles and Space
Co. And Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazh
geologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
RECRA
Environmental, Inc.
Selentec
Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
U. of Washington
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
E&C Williams
HNU Systems, Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
E&C Williams
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
BWX Technologies
Inc.
ASC/EMR Wright-
Patterson AFB
Harding ESE, a
MacTech Company
Technology
CURE* Electrocoagulation
Wastewater Treatment System
Electrokinetics ForNSFO
Mobilization
Electrokinetic Remediation Process
Electrokinetic Remediation Process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Alternating Current
Electrocoagulation Technology
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Adsorptive Filtration
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation
and Removal
Chemical Stabilization Of Mercury
Mining Wastes
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Portable Gas Analyzer
Chemical Stabilization of Mercury
Mining Wastes
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Phytoremediation of TCE in
Shallow Groundwater
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Strategy
Volume
1
1
1
1
1/2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
1
1/2
1
1/2
Page 202
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
PAHs
PAHs (Cont)
PCBs
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable
X-ray
Fluorescence
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
Regenesis
Current
Environmental
Solutions
IT Corporation
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Pharmacia
Corporation
Current
Environmental
Solutions
Terra Therm, Inc
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
SiteLAB Corporation
Gas Technology
Institute
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Technology
Time Released Electron Acceptors
& Donors for Accelerated Natural
Attenuation
Six-Phase Heating of TCE
KMnO4 (Potassium Permanganate)
Oxidation of TCE
Electrokinetics for NSFO
Mobilization
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil
Remediation
Six-Phase Heating of TCE
In Situ Thermal Destruction
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Phytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
Phytoremediation Process
ZenoGem™ Process
Field portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
Volume
1
1
1
1
1/2
1
1
1
3
3
3
2
2
1/2
1
3
1
1
2
Page 203
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Technology
Vendor
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazh
geologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
Sentex Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Technology
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Beam Irradiation
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and
Oxidations
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation
and Removal
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Portable Gas Analyzer
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Volume
1
1
1
1/2
1/2
1/2
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
1 ,
3
Page 204
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCP
PCP (Cont)
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory
Procedures, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics
Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Technology
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
PENTA RISc Test System
RaPID Assay®
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injections
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Phytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
Phytoremediation Process
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Radio Frequency heating
Anaerobic Thermal Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
Volume
3
1/2
2
1
1
3
3
1
2
2
3
1/2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1/2
Page 205
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Pesticides (Cont)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazh
geologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Regenesis
Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation
and Removal
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
PENTA RISc Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Time Released Electron Acceptors
& Donors for Accelerated Natural
Attenuation
Volume
1/2
1/2
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
1/2
2
1
Page 206
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cent)
Ground
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
(Cont)
Radionuclides
SVOCs
SVOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Physical/Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
SRI Instruments
Horiba Instruments,
Inc.
SiteLAB Corporation
Wilks Enterprise, Inc.
Idetek, Inc.
Filter Flow
Technology, Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Ltd.
Selentec
Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Terra Therm, Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Harding ESE, a
MacTech Company
Gas Technology
Institute
New York State Dept.
of Environmental/
Science Applications
International Corp.
Technology
Hydraulic Fracturing
GHEA Associates Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Infrared Analysis
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Infrared Analysis
Equate® Immunoassay
Colloid Polishing Filter Method(R)
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Selentec MAG* SEP Technology
Cyclone Furnace
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Technology
Chemical and Biological Treatment
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
1
2
1
1/2
3
3
3
3
3
1
2
1
1/2
1
1
1/2
2 '
1
Page 207
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Ground
water
(Cont)
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc. /Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
NOVATERRA
Associates
SoilTechATP
Systems, Inc.
Western Research
Institute
ARS Technologies
Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Technology
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
In Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Contained Recovery of Oily Wastes
(CROW™)
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation
and Removal
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Volume |
1 1
1
1 1
2
1
I
2 I
1
1
1
1/2
1
2
1
1
2
1 '
1
Page 208
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Other
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies
Inc.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Berkeley
Environmental
Restoration Center
Argonne National
Laboratory
ASC/EMR Wright-
Patterson AFB
Billings and
Associates, Inc.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Earth Tech/
Westinghouse
Savannah River
Company
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Earth Tech, Inc.
Technology
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Texaco Gasification process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
In Situ Steam Enhanced Extraction
Process
Development of Phytoremediation
Phytoremediation of TCE in
Shallow Groundwater
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation System (SVVS®)
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
Enhanced In Situ Bioremediation of
Chlorinated Compounds in
Groundwater
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
In Situ Enhanced Bioremediation of
Groundwater
Volume
3
3
3
1
3
3
1/2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
Page 209
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cent)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cent)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
New Yprk State Dept.
of Environmental/
Science Applications
International Corp.
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/SBP
Technologies, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
Hughes
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
NOVATERRA
Associates
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Western Research
Institute
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
Arizona State U./
Zentox Corp.
AWD Technologies,
Inc.
Technology
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Groundwater Circulation Biological
Treatment Process
Phytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
Phytoremediation Process
ZenoGem™ Process
Hydraulic Fracturing
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
In Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Contained Recovery of Oily Wastes
(CROW™)
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Aqua Detox(R)/SVE Systems
Volume
1
1
2
1/2
1
1
1
1
2
I
1
1
2
1
2
1
Page 210
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cent)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
Radian International
LLC
Mactec-SBP
Technologies
Company, LLC
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
IT Corporation
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
CorpySpetstamponazh
geologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
U. of Nebraska -
Lincoln
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Technology
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Integrated AquaDetox Steam
Vacuum Stripping and Soil Vapor
Extraction/Reinjection
No VOCs™ In-Well Stripping
Technology
hi Situ and Ex Situ Metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds
in Groundwater
High Energy Electron Irradiation
KMnO4 Oxidation of TCE
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation
System
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
Volume
1
1
1
1
1
1/2
1
2
1/2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
Page 211
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Ground
water
(Cont)
Leachate
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
Not Applicable
Other
Aromatic VOCs
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(Cont)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Capping/
Containment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
Xerox Corp.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Company
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics
Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
U.S. EPA NRMRL
North American
Technologies Group,
Inc.
RECRA
Environmental, Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Technology
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Portable Gas Analyzer
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Texaco Gasification Process
Alterative Cover Assessment
Program (ACAP)
Oleophilic Amine-Coated Ceramic
Chip
Alternating Electrocoagulation
Technology
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
Volume
1
1
3
3
3'
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
Page 212
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cont)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Technology
Vendor
NOVATERRA
Associates
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
CF Systems, Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory procedure,
Inc.
Technology
In Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module
System
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
CA-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 11 D Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Methods
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Volume
1
1
1
1/2
1
1
1/2
2
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
Page 213
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cont)
Leachate
(Cont)
Contaminants
Cyanide
Diesel
Dioxins
Explosives
Furans
Furans (Cont)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Spectrometers
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Pintail Systems, Inc.
SiteLAB Corporation
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics
Inc.
BWX Technologies
Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Technology
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
GHEA Associates Process
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Volume
1/2
3
I
1
1/2
1/2
1
3
1
3
3
1/2
2
1
1
1
1/2
1/2
Page 214
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cont)
Contaminants
Gasoline
Halogenated
VOCs
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Spectrometers
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics
Inc.
BWX Technologies
Inc.
SiteLAB Corporation
BioTroI, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
NOVATERRA
Associates
CF Systems Corp.
EnviroMetal
Technologies Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Methanotrophic Bioreactor System
ZenoGem™ Process
GHEA Associates Process
In-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds
in Groundwater
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organic Destruction
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Volume
I
3
1
3
3
1/2
3
2
1
2
•I
1
1
1/2
1/2
1
1/2
2
Page 215
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cont)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Heavy Metals
Herbicides
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Systems, Inc
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
IGT
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technologies
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Volume
1
I
2
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
Page 216
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cent)
Contaminants
Inorganics
Metals
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-
ray Fluorescence
Physical/Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption .
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
IGT
Colorado Dept. Of
Public Health and
Environment
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
Filter Flow
Technology, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Ltd.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Ltd.
Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
Wetlands-Based Treatment
Biomineralization of Metals
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Heavy Metals and Radionuclide
Polishing Filter
GHEA Associates Process
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module
System
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate
Treatment
Volume
1/2
I
1
1
3
1
3
3
1/2
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
2
2
Page 217
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Organics
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
E.I. DuPont de
Nemours and Co., and
Oberlin Filter Co.
Dynaphore, Inc.
EPOC Water, Inc.
General
Environmental Corp.
Geokinetics,
International, Inc.
Lewis Environmental
Services, Inc./
Hickson Corp.
Lockheed Martin
Missiles and Space
Co. and Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazh
geologia Enterprises/
STG Technologies
RECRA
Environmental, Inc.
Region 8 and State of
Colorado
Selentec
Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
U. of Washington
HNU Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air System, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
IGT
Technology
Membrane Microfiltration
FORAGER® Sponge
Precipitation, Microfiltration, and
Sludge Dewatering
CURE® Electrocoagulation
Wastewater Treatment System
Electrokinetic Remediation Process
Chromated Copper Arsenate Soil
Leaching Process
Electrokinetic Remediation Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Alternating Current
Electrocoagulation Technology
Multiple Innovative Passive Mine
Drainage Technologies
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Adsorption Filtration
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
Volume
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1/2
1
2
1
1
2
3
1
1/2
' 2
1
Page 218
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cont)
Contaminants
PAHs
PAHs (Cont)
PCBs
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-
ray Fluorescence
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology
Vendor
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
SiteLAB Corporation
IGT
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazh
geologia Enterprises/
STG Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
ZenoGem™ Process
Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
1
3
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1/2
1/2
1
1/2
1
1
1
3
Page 219
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Conte)
Leachate
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs (Cont)
PCP
Pesticides
Pesticides (Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(Cont)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
IGT
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BioTro'I, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
Technology
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Methods
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
PENTA RISc Test Systems
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
PENTA RISc Test System
RaPID Assay®
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Volume
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
Page 220
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cent)
Contaminants
Pesticides (Cent)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Test Kits (Cont)
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Photocatalytic Air
Treatment
Photocatalytic Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazh
geologia Enterprises/
STG Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
PENTA RISc Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Volume
1
1/2
1/2
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
1/2
Page 221
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cont)
Contaminants
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Radionuclides
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatments
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Physical/Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
SRI Instruments
Horiba Instruments,
Inc.
SiteLAB Corporation
Filter Flow
Technology, Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Ltd.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Ltd.
Selentec
Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Terra Therm
BioTroI, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Novaterra Associates
Technology
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
GHEA Associates Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Infrared Analysis
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Heavy Metals and Radionuclide
Polishing Filter
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate
Treatment and Ultrafiltration
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Cyclone Furnace
In Situ Thermal Destruction
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
GHEA Associates Process
In Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Volume
2
2
1
1
3
3
3
1
2
3
1
1/2
1
1
1
1
2
1
Page 222
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cont)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
VOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Novaterra Associates
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Technology
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
GHEA Associates Process
In Situ Soil Treatment (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module
System
Volume
1
1
1/2
1
2
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
1/2
1
2
1
2
1
1
Page 223
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Technology
Vendor
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
EnviroMetal
Technologies Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
CorpySpetstamponazh
geologia Enterprises/
STG Technologies
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Technology
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds
in Groundwater
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 1 D Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Volume
1
1
1
1/2
1/2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
Page 224
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Leachate
(Cont)
Liquid
Contaminants
Not Applicable
Other
Other (Cont)
Aromatic VOCs
Treatment Type
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Capping/
Containment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Wilder Construction
Co.
North American
Technologies Group,
Inc.
RECRA
Environmental, Inc.
Billings and
Associates, Inc.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Harding ESE, a
Mactec Co.
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corporation
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
Hughes
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
Technology
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Matcon Modified Asphalt Cap
Oleophilic Amine-Coated Ceramic
Chip
Alternating Current
Electrocoagulation Technology
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation System (SVVS® )
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Two-Zone Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Technology
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
ZenoGem™ Process
Hydraulic Fracturing
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Volume
3
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1/2
1
2
1
1
1
Page 225
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology
Vendor
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Western Research
Institute
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
U. of Nebraska -
Lincoln
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Technology
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Contained Recovery of Oil Wastes
(CROW™)
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation
System
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Volume
1
I
2
1
1
1/2
1/2
2
1/2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
Page 226
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cent)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(Com)
Cyanide
Diesel
Dioxins
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(Cont)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Spectrometer
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
andPCP,Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.'
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Pintail Systems, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
SiteLAB Corporation
ELI Eco Logic
International, Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Technology
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Hydraulic Fracturing
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Volume
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
2
I
1
3
1
1
1
1/2
1/2
1
Page 227
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
Dioxins (Cont)
Explosives
Furans
Furans (Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chem ical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Technology
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothennal Detoxification Unit
GHEA Associates Process
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Volume
3
1
3 1
3
1/2
2
2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1/2
1/2
1
3
1
3
3
1/2
Page 228
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
Gasoline
Halogenated
VOCs
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Spectrometer
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
SiteLAB Corporation
ASC/EMR Wright-
Patterson AFB
Harding ESE, a
Mactec Co.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corporation
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
Pharmacia
Corporation
Hughes
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Technology
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Hydraulic Fracturing
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Phytoremediation of TCE-
Contaminated Shallow
Groundwater
Two-Zone Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Technology
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Methanotrophic Bioreactor System
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
ZenoGem™ Process
Hydraulic Fracturing
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
Volume
2
1
3
1
1/2
1
2
1
2
I
1
1/2
I
1
2
Page 229
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cent)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cent)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology
Vendor
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Western Research
Institute
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
Arizona State
U/Zentox Corp.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
U. of Nebraska -
Lincoln
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./lEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Technology
Anaerobic Thermal Process
Contained Recovery of Oily Wastes
(CROW™)
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation
System
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb 563 Adsorbent
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Volume
1
2
1
2
1
1/2
1/2
2
1/2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
Page 230
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cent)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Heavy Metals
Herbicides
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Chemical
Treatment
Field Portable X-
ray Fluorescence
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Concurrent
Technologies
HNU Systems, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
BioTroI, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Pharmacia
Corporation
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Technology
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermai Detoxification Unit
Organics Destruction and Metals
Stabilization
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Volume
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
1/2
1
Page 231
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
Herbicides
(Cont)
Inorganics
Metals
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Chemical
Treatment
Field Portable X-
ray Fluorescence
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Kvaerner Energy &
Environment
HNU Systems, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Colorado Dept. of
Public Health and
Environment
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Pintail Systems, hie.
Resource
Management &
Recovery
Technology
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Chemical Treatment
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
Wetlands-Based Treatment
Biomineralization of Metals
Spent ore Bioremediation Process
AlgaSORB6 Biological Sorption
Volume
1
4
1/2
1/2
1
3
1
3
3
1/2
2
2
3
1
1
2
2
1
2
Page 232
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cent)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Treatment Type
Field Portable X-
ray Fluorescence
Physical/Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
HNU Systems, Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
Pharmacia
Corporation
Filter Flow
Technology, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Ltd.
E.I. DuPont de
Nemours and Co. and
Oberlin Filter Co.
Dynaphore, Inc.
EPOC Water, Inc.
General
Environmental Corp.
Geokinetics,
International, Inc.
Lewis Environmental
Services, Inc./
Hickson Corp.
Lockheed Martin
Missiles and Space
Co. and Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp ./Spetstamponazh
geologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
Technology
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil
Remediation
Heavy Metals and Radionuclide
Polishing Filter
GHEA Associates Process
Rochem Disc TUBE™ Module
System
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Membrane Microfiltration
FORAGER® Sponge
Precipitation, Microfiltration, and
Sludge Dewatering
CURE® Electrocoagulation
Wastewater Treatment System
Electrokinetic Remediation Process
Chromated Copper Arsenate Soil
Leaching Process
Electrokinetic Remediation process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Volume
3
3
1/2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1/2
1
Page 233
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Organics
PAHs
PCBs
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Spectrometer
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-
ray Fluorescence
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
RECRA
Environmental, Inc.
Selentec
Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
U. of Washington
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
HUN Systems, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Concurrent
Technologies
Kvaerner Energy &
Environment
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
SiteLAB Corporation
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Technology
Alternating Current
Electrocoagulation Technology
Selentec MAG* SEP Technology
Adsorptive Filtration
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation
and Removal
HNU GC 3 1 1 D Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Cement-Lock Technology
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Cement-Lock Technology
Organics Destruction and Metals
Stabilization
Chemical Treatment
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
ZenoGem™ Process
Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Volume
2
1
2
2
3
1
1
1/2
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
3
1
Page 234
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs (Cont)
PCBs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(Cont)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology
Vendor
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstaraponazh
geologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Gas Technology
Institute
Technology
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Beam Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and
Oxidations
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation
and Removal
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
Cement-Lock Technology
Volume
1
2
1
I
1
1/2
1/2
1/2
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
1
Page 235
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCP
Pesticides
Pesticides (Cont)
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory
Procedures, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
Technology
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
PENTA RISc Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Cyclone Furnace
Cement-Lock Technology
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
PENTA RISc Test System
RaPID Assay®
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injections
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Radio Frequency heating
Anaerobic Thermal Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Volume
1
3
3
3
1/2
1
2
1
1
3
3
1
3
1
1
1
I
1
1
Page 236
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
Pesticides (Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(Cont)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp ./Spetstamponazh
geologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation
and Removal
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
PENTA RISc Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Volume
1/2
1/2
1/2
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
1/2
2
Page 237
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Radionuclides
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Physical/Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
SRI Instruments
Horiba Instruments,
Inc.
SiteLAB Corporation
Filter Flow
Technology, Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Ltd.
Selentec
Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Harding ESE, a
Mactec Co.
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/R.E .
Wright Environmental
Inc.
IT Corporation
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Technology
Hydraulic Fracturing
GHEA Associates Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Infrared Analysis
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Heavy Metals and Radionuclide
Polishing Filter
Chemical Treatment and
Uitrafiltration
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Technology
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
ZenoGem™ Process
Volume
1
2
1
1
3
3
3
1
2
1
1/2
1
1/2
1
2
1
Page 238
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology
Vendor
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc. /Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Western Research
Institute
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Technology
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Contained Recovery of Oily Wastes
(CROW™)
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation
and Removal
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1/2
1/2
2
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
Page 239
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
VOCs
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Other
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Technology
Vendor
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Berkeley
Environmental
Restoration Center
ASC/EMR Wright-
Patterson AFB
Billings and
Associates, Inc.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corporation
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
Technology
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Texaco Gasification process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
In Situ Steam Enhanced Extraction
Process
Phytoremediation of TCE-
Contaminated Shallow
Groundwater
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation System (SWS®)
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
ZenoGem™ Process
Hydraulic Fracturing
Volume
3
1
3
3
1/2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
Page 240
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
Hughes
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Western Research
Institute
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
Arizona State U./
Zentox Corp.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
Radian Internationa!
LLC
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazh
geologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Technology
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Contained Recovery of Oily Wastes
(CROW™)
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Integrated AquaDetox Steam
Vacuum Stripping and Soil Vapor
Extraction/Reinjection
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Volume
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1/2
2
1/2
1
2
1
Page 241
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Liquid
(Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Other
Technology
Vendor
Terra Vac, Inc.
U.S. Filter/Zimpro
Inc.
U. of Nebraska -
Lincoln
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Bmker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Texaco Inc.
Berkeley
Environmental
Restoration Center
Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation
System
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 311D Portable Gas
Chromatograph
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Texaco Gasification Process
In Situ Steam Enhanced Extraction
Process
Volume
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
1
Page 242
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Mine
Tailings
Sediment
Sediment
(Cent)
Contaminants
Other
Heavy Metals
Metals
Organics
Radionuclides
Aromatic VOCs
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Thermal
Destruction
Materials Handling
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
North American
Technologies Group,
Inc.
RECRA
Environmental, Inc.
Terra Therm, Inc
U. of South Carolina
Terra Therm, Inc
Terra Therm, Inc
Bio-Rem Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
Gas Technology
Institute
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
Engineers
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corporation
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LLC
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
Novaterra Associates
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Technology
Oleophilic Amine-Coated Ceramic
Chip
Alternating Electrocoagulation
Technology
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Ex Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Carver-Greenfield Process® for
Solvent Extraction of Wet, Oily
Wastes
Thermal Desorption System
In-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Volume
1
2
1
2
1
I
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Page 243
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Cyanide
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Bergmann, A Division
of Linatex, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Ionics/Resources
Conservation Co.
IT Corp.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Geo-Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Technology
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Soil and Sediment Washing
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid
Phase Oxidation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
hi Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Frequency-Tumable Pulse
Combustion System
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Oxidation and Vitrification Process
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Volume
1
1
1
1
1/2
1/2
2
1
2
1
3
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
Page 244
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Diesel
Dioxins
Dioxins (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Biological
Degradation
Chemical Thermal
Desorption
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
E & C Williams, Inc.
Integrated Water
Resources, Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Biotherm, LLC
Gas Technology
Institute
U.S. EPA
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics/Resources
Conservation Co.
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Technology
Calsium Sulflde and Calcium
Polysulfide Technologies
Dynamic Underground Stripping of
TCE
Soil Washing System
Biotherm Process™
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Volume
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1/2
1
2
1
1
1
2
Page 245
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Dioxins (ContO
Explosives
Furans
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Desorption
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Terra Therm, Inc.
U. of Idaho Research
Foundation
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
BioTrol, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
U.S. EPA
ELI Eco Logic
Internationa! Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Technology
Mobile Environmental Monitor
In Situ Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Reactor Filter system
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Oxidation and Vitrification Process
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
The SABRE™ Process
GHEA Associates Process
Soil Washing System
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Volume
3
1
1
3
3
1/2
2
2
2
I
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Page 246
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Furans (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
ART International,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics/Resources
Conservation Co.
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Technology
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
In Situ Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Reactor Filter system
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Oxidation and Vitrification Process
Volume
2
1
1/2
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
3
3
1/2
2
2
2
1
Page 247
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Gasoline
Halogenated
VOCs
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation (Cont)
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Integrated Water
Resources Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Idaho Research
Foundation
U.S. EPA
Pharmacia
Corporation
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
Bergmann, A Division
of Linatex, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Technology
Dynamic Underground Stripping of
TCE
Soil Washing System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
The SABRE™ Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil
Remediation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Thermal Desorption System
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Soil and Sediment Washing
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Volume
I
I
2
1
2
1
1
1/2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1/2
Page 248
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Heavy Metals
Inorganic
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
Ionics/Resources
Conservation Co.
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Retech, M4
Environmental
Management, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Institute of Gas
Technology
Institute of Gas
Technology
Weiss Associates
Institute of Gas
Technology
Gas Technology
Institute
Technology
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Plasma Arc Vitrification
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Oxidation and Vitrification Process
Electrokinetics for Lead Recovery
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
Electro Chemical Remediation
Technologies
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
Volume
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
1/2
1
2
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
I
Page 249
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Mercury
Metals
Metals (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-
ray Fluorescence
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Gas Technology
Institute
Weiss Associates
Geo-Microbial
Technologies, Inc.
Edenspace, Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
NITON Corp.
Edax Portable
Products Division
Corp.
Thermo Measure Tech
AEA Technology,
PLC, National
Environmental
Technology Centre
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
U.S. EPA
U. of South Carolina
Pharmacia
Corporation
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Bergmann, A Division
of Linatex, Inc.
BioGenesis
Enterprises, Inc.
COGNIS, Inc.
Concurrent
Technologies
Technology
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
Electro Chemical Remediation
Technologies
Metals Release and Removal from
Wastes
Phytoremediation Technology
Biomineralization of Metals
Spent ore Bioremediation Process
XL Spectrum Analyzer
Metal Analysis Probe (MAP®)
Portable Assayer
9000 X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer
and Lead X-Ray Fluorescence
Analyzer
Soil Separation and Washing
Process
Campbell Centrifugal Jig
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil
Remediation
GHEA Associates Process
Soil and Sediment Washing
BioGenesis™ Soil and Sediment
Washing
Chemical Treatment
Acid Extraction Treatment System
Volume
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
3
3
2
2
1
2
1/2
2
1
1
. 1
2
Page 250
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology
Vendor
Dynaphore, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
E & C Williams, Inc.
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
General Atomics,
Nuclear Remediation
Technologies Div.
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
Lockheed Martin
Missiles and Space
Co. And Geokinetics
International, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
Selentec
Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Toronto Harbor
Commission
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
Ferro Corp.
EmTech
Environmental
Services
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Sevenson
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Technology
FORAGER® Sponge
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Calsium Sulfide and Calcium
Polysulfide Technologies
Electrokinetic Remediation Process
Acoustic Barrier Particulate
Separator
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal
Extraction
Chelation/Electrodeposition of
Toxic Metals from Soils
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Electrokinetic Remediation Process
Debris Washing System
Selentec MAG* SEP Technology
Soil Recycling
Solidification and Stabilization
Waste Vitrification Through
Electric Melting
Dechlorination and Immobilization
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
In Situ Vitrification
Cement-Lock Technology
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
Process
Volume
1
1
3
1
2
2
2
2
1
I
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Page 251
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Organics
PAHs
Treatment Type
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Technology
Vendor
Soliditech, Inc.
SOLUCORP
Industries
STC Remediation, A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Wheelabrator
Technologies Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Horsehead Resource
Development Co., Inc.
Minergy Corp.
Retech, M4
Environmental
Management, Inc.
Vortec Corp.
Weiss Associates
Gas Technology
Institute
Terra Therm, Inc.
Gruppo Italimpresse
Ecova Corp.
Technology
Solidification and Stabilization
Molecular Bonding System
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/ Solidification
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
WES-PHix® Stabilization Process
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Reactor Filter System
Cement-Lock Technology
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Flame Reactor
Glass Furnace Technology for
Dredged Sediments
Plasma Arc Vitrification Combustor
Oxidation and Vitrification Process
Electro Chemical Remediation
Technologies
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Infrared Thermal Destruction
Bioslurry Reactor
Volume
1
1
1
1
2
1
1/2
2
2
1
2
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
Page 252
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
PAHs (Cont)
PCBs
Treatment Type
Chemical Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Chemical Thermal
Desorption
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
Gas Technology
Institute
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Biotherm, LLC
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Bergmann, a Division
ofLinatex, Inc.
BioGenesis
Enterprises, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Terra Therm, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Integrated Water
Resources, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Biotherm, LLC
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LLC
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./ Brown and Root
Environmental
Technology
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Biothrem Process™
Thermal Desorption and Vapor
Extraction System
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Soil and Sediment Washing
BioGenesis™ Soil and Sediment
Washing Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Dynamic Underground Stripping of
TCE
Phytoremediation Process
Biothrem Process™
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Carver-Greenfield Process® for
Solvent Extraction of Wet, Oily
Wastes
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
Volume
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
I
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Page 253
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
Bergmann, A Division
of Linatex, Inc.
BioGenesis
Enterprises, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental
Services, Inc.
General Atomics
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics/Resources
Conservation Co.
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
State U. of New York
at Oswego,
Environmental
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Technology
GHEA Associates Process
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Soil and Sediment Washing
BioGenesis™ Soil and Sediment
Washing Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Circulating Bed Combustor
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Photocatalytic Degradation of PCB-
Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
Volume
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
I
1
1/2
1/2
I
2
1
1
2
1
Page 254
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs (Cont)
PCBs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
EmTech
Environmental
Services
Gas Technology
Institute
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Minergy
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Millipore Corporation
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Technology
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
Solidification and Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
Cement-Lock Technology
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
In Situ Vitrification
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
EnviroGard™ PCP Immunoassay
Test Kit
EnSys Penta Test System
EnviroGard(TM) PCB
Immunoassay Test Kit
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Cement-Lock Technology
Fluidized-Bed/Cydonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
Volume
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
1/2
2
1
2
1
Page 255
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCP
Pesticides
Pesticides (Cont)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation (Cont)
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
Minergy Corp.
Retech, M4
Environmental
Management, Inc.
Terra Therm, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
Phytokinetics, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LLC
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Technology
Glass Furnace Technology for
Dredged Sediments
Plasma Arc Vitrification
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Oxidation and Vitrification Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
ENSYS Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
Soil Washing System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Phytoremediation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Carver-Greenfield Process® for
Solvent Extraction of Wet, Oily
Wastes
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Volume
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
3
1
2
2
2
1
1
I
1
1
I
Page 256
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Pesticides (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
KAI Technologies,
Inc./ Brown and Root
Environmental
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
Bergmann, A Division
of Linatex, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
General Atomics
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics/Resources
Conservation Co.
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
State U. of New York
at Oswego,
Environmental
Research Center
Technology
Radio Frequency Heating
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Soil and Sediment Washing
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Circulating Bed Combustor
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Photocatalytic Degradation of PCB-
Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Volume
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1/2
1/2
1
2
1
1
2
Page 257
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Pesticides (Cont)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
EmTech
Environmental
Services
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Retech, M4
Environmental
Management, Inc.
Terra Therm, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Ecova Corp.
Technology
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
Solidification and Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
hi Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
In Situ Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
EnSys Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Plasma Arc Vitrification
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Oxidation and Vitrification Process
Bioslurry Reactor
Volume
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1/2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
Page 258
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
Radionuclides
Radionuclides
(Cont)
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Thermal
Destruction
Solidification/
Stabilization
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Terra Therm, Inc.
Soliditech, Inc.
Eberline Services
Bergmann, A Division
of Linatex, Inc.
IT Corp.
Selentec
Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Sevenson
Environmental
Services, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
BioTrol, Inc.
Ecova Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
IT Corp.
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
Engineers
Technology
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
GHEA Association process
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Solidification and Stabilization
Segmented Gate System
Soil and Sediment Washing
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Cyclone Furnace
Soil Washing System
Bioslurry Reactor
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor
Ex Situ Biovault
Volume
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1/2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
Page 259
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Com)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/R.E .
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corporation
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LLC
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc. /Brown and Root
Environmental
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
NOVATERRA
Associates
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Bergmann, A Division
of Linatex, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Technology
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression methods
Carver-Greenfield Process® for
Solvent Extraction of Wet, Oily
Wastes
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
Thermal Desorption System
GHEA Association process
In-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Soil and Sediment Washing
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
Volume
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1/2
Page 260
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics/Resources
Conservation Co.
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Toronto Harbor
Commission
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
Geo-Con, Inc.
STC Remediation, a
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Soil Recycling.
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
Solidification and Stabilization
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/ Solidification
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Volume
1/2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
I
1
2
3
3
1/2
2
Page 261
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
VOCs
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
Sonotech, Inc.
Terra Therm, Inc.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Ecova Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
Engineers
New York State Dept.
Of En vironmental
Conservation/R.E .
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corporation
Phytokinetics, Inc.
AEA Technology,
PLC, National
Environmental
Technology Centre
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LLC
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Technology
Frequency-Tunable Pulse
Combustion System
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Oxidation and Vitrification Process
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Bioslurry Reactor
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Ex Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Phytoremediation Process
Soil Separation and Washing
Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression methods
Carver-Greenfield Process® for
Solvent Extraction of Wet, Oily
Wastes
Radio Frequency Heating
Thermal Desorption System
GHEA Association process
Volume
1
1
1
2
I
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
Page 262
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sediment
(Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Solidification/
Stabilization
(Cont)
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
NOVATERRA
Associates
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Ionics/Resources
Conservation Co.
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Geo-Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Technology
In-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid
Phase Oxidation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal
Extraction
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
PCB Method
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Volume
I
1
1
1
1
1/2
2
1
2
2
1
1
3
3
1
1
2
3
3
2
Page 263
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Other
Not Applicable
Aromatic VOCs
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Sampler
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation (Cont)
Materials Handling
Technology
Vendor
Gas Technology
Institute
Retech, M4
Environmental
Management, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco Inc.
Vortec Corp.
Aquatic Research
Instruments
STC Remediation, A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
U.S. EPA NRMRL
Art's Manufacturing
and Supply
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
Gas Technology
Institute
New York State of
Dept. of
Environmental
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
Engineers
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corp.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Technology
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Plasma Arc Vitrification
Frequency-Tunable Pulse
Combustion System
Texaco Gasification Process
Oxidation and Vitrification Process
Sediment Core Sampler
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/Solidification
Alternative Cover Assessment
Program
Sediment Core Sampler
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
In Situ Bioremediation By
Electrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Ex Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Volume
2
I
1
1
1
3
I
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
Page 264
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
Biotherm, LLC
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
Novaterra Associates
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
CF Systems Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Geo-Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
Technology
Biotherm Process™
Thermal Desorption System
In-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid
Phase Oxidation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Solidification/Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Absorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Frequency-Tunable Pulse
Combustion System
Texaco Gasification Process
Volume
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
Page 265
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Cyanide
Dioxins
Dioxins (Cont)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation
Chemical Thermal
Desorption
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Biotherm, LLC
U.S. EPA
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Technology
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Biotherm Process™
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) Systems
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Volume
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
I
1
I
2
Page 266
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Dioxins (Cont)
Explosives
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Desorption
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
U. of Idaho Research
Foundation
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Retech, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
Engineers
Technology
Mobile Environmental Monitor
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification/Stabilization
Cyclone Furnace
Reactor Filter System
Fluidized-BedVCyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
The SABRE™ Process
GHEA Associates Process
Plasma Heat
Cyclone Furnace
Reactor Filter System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Ex Situ Biovault
Volume
3
1
1
1/2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1/2
2
2
2
1
1
1
Page 267
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corp.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Lasagna™ Public-
Private Partnership
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
NOVATERRA
Associates
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
Technology
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
In-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid
Phase Oxidation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Volume
1,
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
2
1
2
1
2
Page 268
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Heavy Metals
Heavy Minerals
Herbicides
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Field Portable X-
Ray Fluorescence
Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Materials Handling
Solidification/
Stabilization
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
Terra Vac, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Geo-Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Texaco, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Concurrent
Technologies
Active Environmental,
Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
Retech, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Solidification/Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Organic Destruction and Metal
Stabilization
TechXtract® Decontamination
Process
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
Campbell Centrifugal Jig
Plasma Heat
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Volume
1
2
3
3
1
1
3
2
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
I
2
1
2
1
Page 269
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Herbicides
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology
Vendor
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Idaho Research
Foundation
U.S. EPA
Lasagna™ Public -
Private Partnership
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Technology
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
The SABRE™ Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Thermal Desorption System
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA3)
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®)
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SC) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Volume
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
Page 270
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Inorganics
Mercury
Metals
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Field Portable X-
Ray Fluorescence
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-
Ray Fluorescence
Materials Handling
Technology
Vendor
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc. Corp
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Retech., Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Active Environmental
Inc.
Geokinetics
Retech, Inc.
Geo-Microbial
Technologies, Inc.
Phytotech
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
NITON Corp.
TN Spectrace
AEA Technology
Environment
Technology
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P)
Cement-Lock Technology
Plasma Heat
Cement-Lock Technology
TechXtract® Decontamination
Process
Electrokinetics for NSFO
Mobilization
Plasma Heat
Metals Release & Removal from
Waste
Phytoremediation Technology
Biomineralization of Metals
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
XL Spectrum Analyzer
9000 X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer
and Lead X-Ray Fluorescence
Analyzer
Soil Separation and Washing
Process
Volume
1
1
3
1/2
2
I
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
I
3
3
3
2
Page 271
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology
Vendor
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
U. of South Carolina
Lasagna™ Public-
Private Partnership
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
BioGenesis
Enterprises, Inc.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
COGNIS, Inc.
Dynaphore, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
General Atomics,
Nuclear Remediation
Technologies Division
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
Selentec
Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Toronto Harbor
Commission
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
Technology
Campbell Centrifugal Jig
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
GHEA Associates Process
BioGenesisSM Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
Acid Extraction Treatment System
TERRAMET Soil Remediation
System
FORAGER® Sponge
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Acoustic Barrier Paniculate
Separator
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal
Extraction
Chelation/Electrodeposition of
Toxic Metals from Soils
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Debris Washing System
Selentec MAG* SEP Technology
Soil Recycling
Solidification and Stabilization
Volume
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
Page 272
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
(Cont)
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
Ferro Corp.
Funderburk &
Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Geosafe Corp.
Metso Minerals
Industries, Inc.
Rocky Mountain
Remediation Services,
LLC
Sevenson
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Soliditech, Inc.
Star Organics, LLC
STC Remediation, A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Horsehead Resource
Development Co., Inc.
Technology
Waste Vitrification through Electric
Melting
Dechlorination and Immobilization
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Cement-Lock Technology
GeoMelt Vitrification
Pyrkiln Thermal Encapsulation
Process
Envirobond Solution
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Soil Rescue Remediation Fluid
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/ Solidification
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Absorption Treatment
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Reactor Filter System
Cement-Lock Technology
FIuidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Flame Reactor
Volume
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1/2
2
2
I
2
1
Page 273
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Organics
Organics (ContO
PAHs
PCBs
Treatment Type
Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Solidification/
Stabilization
(Cont)
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Chemical
Treatment
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Biological
Degradation
Chemical Thermal
Desorption
Materials Handling
Technology
Vendor
PSI Technologies, A
Division of Physical
Sciences Inc.
Vortec Corp.
Concurrent
Technologies
Geokintetics
Gas Technology
Institute
Retech, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Ecova Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Biotherm, LLC
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
BioGenesis
Enterprises, Inc.
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Biotherm, LLC
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Technology
Metals Immobilization and
Decontamination of Aggregate
Solids
Vitrification Process
Organic Destruction & Metals
Stabilization
Electrokinetics for NSFO
Mobilization
Cement-Lock Technology
Plasma Heat
Cement-Lock Technology
Bioslurry Reactor
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Biotherm Process™
Thermal Desorption System
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
BioGenesis8" Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Biothenn Process™
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Volume
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
Page 274
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs (Cont)
PCBs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desoiption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
Biotherm, LLC
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
IncTBrown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
IT Corporation
Remediation Services
Corp.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
BioGenesis
Enterprises, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental
Service, Inc.
General Atomics
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
Technology
Biotherm Process™
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desoiption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
BioGenesisSM Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Circulating Bed Combustor
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Volume
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
I
2
1
1
2
1
1
Page 275
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
State U. of New York
at Oswego,
Environmental
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
Funderburk &
Associates
Gas Technology
Institute
Geo-Con Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Technology
Electrochemical Peroxidation of
PCB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
Solidification and Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
Cement-Lock Technology
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Cement Lock Technology
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photbthermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Volume
2
1
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1/2
2
1
2
2
1
Page 276
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
State U. of New York
at Oswego,
Environmental
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
, Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
Funderburk &
Associates
Gas Technology
Institute
Geo-Con Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Technology
Electrochemical Peroxidation of
PCB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
Solidification and Stabilization ":
Dechlorination and Immobilization
Cement-Lock Technology
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Cement Lock Technology
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Volume
• 2
1
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1/2
2
1
2
2
1
Page 277
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCP
Pesticides
Pesticides (Cont)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Remediation -
Technology, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Biotherm, LLC
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
Technology
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Ensys Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
In Situ Bioremediation By
Electrokinetic Injection
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process™
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Volume
1
1
2
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Page 278
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Pesticides (Cont)
PCP
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Technology
Vendor
Geosafe Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc. Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Technology
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Ensys Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
In Situ Bioremediation By
Electrokinetic Injection
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Volume
1
1
1
3
3
1/2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
Page 279
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Pesticides (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Biotherm, LLC
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic, Inc.
Inc.
KAI Technology,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
General Atomics
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp.
Technology
Biotherm Process™
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Circulating Bed Combustor
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Volume
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
I
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
Page 280
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Sludge
Contaminants
Pesticides (Cont)
Petroleum
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Technology
Vendor
State U. of New York
at Oswego,
Environmental
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
Funderburk &
Associates
Geo-Con Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy &
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Ecova Corp.
Technology
Electrochemical Peroxidation of
PCB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
Solidification and Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Phototherma! Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Bioslurry Reactor
Volume
2
1
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1/2
2
2
2
1
1
(Cont) nyurocaroons uegrauauou
Page 281
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
Radio Nuclides
SVOCs
SVOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Solidification/
Stabilization
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
Thermo Nutech, Inc.
Active Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
IT Corp.
Selentec
Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Sevenson
Environmental
Services, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Ecova Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
IT Corp.
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
Engineers
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corp.
Technology
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
GHEA Associates Process
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Solidification and Stabilization
Segmented Gate System
Tech Xtract® Decontamination
Process
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Selentec MAG* SEP Technology
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Cyclone Furnace
Bioslurry Reactor
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor
Ex Situ Bio vault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Volume
1
2
1
I
2
1
2
1
1
1
1/2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
Page 282
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont) -
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Untied States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Biotherm, LLC
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
NOVATERRA
Associates
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
Technology
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process™
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
Thermal Desorption System
GHEA Associates Process
In Situ Soil Treatments (Stream/Air
Stripping)
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Volume
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
I
2
Page 283
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Solidification/
Stabilization
(Cont)
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT
Corp-
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Toronto Harbor
Commission
Bmker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
Geo-Con, Inc.
STC Remediation, a
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Technology
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Soil Recycling
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
Solidification and Stabilization
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/Solidification
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Absorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Frequency-Tunable Pulse
Combustion System
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Volume
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
1/2
2
1
1
2
Page 284
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation (Cont)
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Vortec Corp.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Ecova Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
Engineering
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/R.E .
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corp.
AEA Technology
Environment
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Biotherm, LLC
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
NOVATERRA
Associates
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Technology
Vitrification Process
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Bioslurry Reactor
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Ex Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Soil Separation and Washing
Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process™
Radio Frequency Heating
Thermal Desorption System
GHEA Associates Process
In-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Volume
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
I
1
1
1
1
Page 285
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Sludge
(Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
Other
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology
Vendor
Gas Technology
Institute
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Geo-Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
Vortec Corp.
STC Remediation, A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
Technology
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid
Phase Oxidation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal
Extraction
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
hi Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Frequency-Tunable Pulse
Combustion System
Texaco Gasification Process
Vitrification Process
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/ Solidification
Volume
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
3
1
1
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
Page 286
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil
Soil (Cont)
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation (Cont)
Contaminant
Survey Systems
Materials Handling
Materials Handling
(Cont)
Technology
Vendor
Billings and
Associates, Inc.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
Harding Lawson
Associates
Hazardous Substance
Management Research
Center at New Jersey
Institute of
Technology, and
Rutgers, the State U.
of New Jersey
Micro-Bac
International Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
New York State Dept.
of Environment
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larson
Engineers
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corp.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, the U of
Cincinnati and FRX,
Inc.
U.S. EPA
Technology
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation System (SVVS)
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Two Zone, Plume Interception. In
Situ Treatment Technology
Pneumatic Fracturing and
Bioremediation Process
Microbial Degradation PCBs
Bioventing
Ex Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Hydraulic Fracturing
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Volume
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
I
2
2
1
1
Page 287
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
Biotherm, LLC
Hughes
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
NOVATERRA
Associates
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
Bergmann, a Division
of Linatex, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Energia, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
High Voltage
Environmental
Application, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
KSE, Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Technology
Biotherm Process™
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Thermal Desorption System
In-Situ Soil Treatments, (Steam/Air
Stripping)
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Soil and Sediment Washing
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Reductive Thermal and Photo-
Thermal Oxidation for Enhanced
Conversion of Chlorocarbons
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid
Phase Oxidation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
X-Ray Treatment of Organically
Contaminated Soils
hi Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Volume
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1/2
2
1
Page 288
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cent)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(Cent)
Cyanide
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Sensors
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./JEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Geoprobe Systems
Fugro Geosciences,
Inc.
Geo Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory
Procedures, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
E&C Williams, Inc.
Technology
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Rapid Optical Screening Tool
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Frequency Tunable Pulse
Combustion System
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Cryogenic Barrier
Calcium Sulfide & Calcium
Polysulfide Technologies
Volume
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
I
2
3
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
Page 289
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cent)
Contaminants
Diesel
Dioxins
Dioxins (Cont)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Spectrometer
Biological
Degradation
Chemical Thermal
Desorption
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX
Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
SIVE Services
SiteLAB Corporation
Biotrol®
Gas Technology
Institute
Biotherm, LLC
U.S. EPA
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
Technology
Hydraulic Fracturing
Cryogenic Barrier
Electroheat-Enhanced Nonaqueous-
Phase Liquids Removal
Steam Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Soil Washing System
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Biotherm Process™
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Volume
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
Page 290
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Dioxins (Cont)
Explosives
Furans
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Biological
Degradation
Contaminant
Survey Systems
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Technology
Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Terra Therm, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
U. of Idaho Research
Foundation
Quadrel Services, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Terra Therm, Inc.
Biotrol®
Gas Technology
Institute
Technology
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Large Bore Soil Sampler
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Cyclone Furnace
Reactor Filter System
FIuidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Oxidation and Verification Process
The SABRE™ Process
Emflux Soil-Gas Survey System
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
GHEA Associates Process
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Soil Washing System
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Volume
1
1
2
3
3
1
1
3
1/2
2
2
1
2
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
2
Page 291
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Furans (Cont)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
U.S. EPA
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Technology
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processors
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3~) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base, Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Large Bore Soil Sampler
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Cyclone Furnace
Volume
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
3
3
1
1
3
1/2
Page 292
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Gasoline
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
Contaminant
Survey Systems
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Samplers
Spectrometer
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, U. of
Cincinnati and FRX,
Inc.
SIVE Services
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
SiteLAB Corporation
Harding Lawson
Associates
Bio-Rem, Inc.
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Lasagna™ Public
Private Partnership
Hughes
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
Technology
Reactor Filter System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Hydraulic Fracturing
Steam Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
Cryogenic Barrier
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Two Zone, Plume Interception. In
Situ Treatment Technology
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Volume
2
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
Page 293
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
NOVATERRA
Associates
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Geoprobe Systems
Geo Con, hie.
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Dexsil Corporation
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Svedala Industries,
Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
Technology
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
In Situ Soil Treatments, (Steam/Air
Stripping)
X*TAX* Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3™) System
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Cryogenic Barrier
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
Large Bore Soil Sampler
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Environmental Test Kits
Hybrid Fiuidized Bed System
Pyrokiln Thermal Encapsulation
Process
Texaco Gasification Process
Volume
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
2
2
1
Page 294
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Heavy Metals
Heavy Minerals
Herbicides
Herbicides
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Chemical
Treatment
Field Portable X-
Ray Fluorescence
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Materials Handling
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation (Cont)
Materials Handling
Technology
Vendor
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Concurrent
Technologies
Edax Portable
Products Division
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Rocky Mountain
Remediation Services,
LLC
Star Organics, LLC
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
Art's Manufacturing
and Supply
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
Phytokinetics, Inc.
U. of Idaho Research
Foundation
U.S. EPA
Technology
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Organics Destruction Metals
Stabilization
Metal Analysis Probe (MAP®)
Portable Assays
Electrokinetic Extraction
Electrokinetics for Lead Recovery
Envirobond Solution
Soil Rescue Remediation Fluid
Campbell Centriiugal Jig
AMS™ Dual-Tube Liner Soil
Sampler
Core Barrel Soil Sampler
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
Soil Washing System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Phytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
The SABRE™ Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Volume
2
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
Page 295
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cent)
Contaminants
Herbicides
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Technology
Vendor
Pharmacia
Corporation
ELI Eco Logic, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic, Inc.
Maxymillion
Technologies, Inc.
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
Bergmann, a Division
of Linatex, Inc.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Technology
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Thermal Desorption System
X*TAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Anaerobic Thermal Processors
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Soil and Sediment Washing
Organics Destruction and Metals
Stabilization
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Large Bore Soil Samplers
Volume
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
3
Page 296
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Inorganics
Mercury
Mercury (Cont)
Metals
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Contaminant
Survey Systems
Contaminant
Survey Systems
(Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Biological
Degradation
Contaminant
Survey Systems
Field Portable
X-Ray
Technology
Vendor
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc., Corp.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortex Corp.
Kvaerner Energy &
Environmental
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Electro-Petroleum,
Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Quadrel Services, Inc.
Radiometer Analytical
Group
Bionebraska, Inc.
COGNIS, Inc.
Geo-Microbial
Technologies, Inc.
Phytotech
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
Technology
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Chemical Treatment
Electrokinetic Extraction
Electro-Kinetically Aided
Remediation
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
Emflux Soil-Gas Survey System
Anodic Voltammetry of Mercury in
Soil
BiMelyze® Mercury Immunoassay
Biological/Chemical Treatment
Metals Release and Removal of
Wastes
Phytoremediation Technology
Biomineralization of Metals
Spend Ore Bioremediation Process
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Volume
1
1
3
3
1/2 '
2
1
2
1
1
1
I
3
3
3
1
2
1
2
1
3
3
Page 297
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
TN Spectrace
AEA Technology
Environment
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
U.S. EPA
U. of South Carolina
Pharmacia
Corporation
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Geotech Development
Corp.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
Battelle Memorial
Institute
Bergmann, a Division
of Linatex, Inc.
BioGenesis
Enterprises, Inc.
Brice Environmental
Services, Corp.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
COGNIS, Inc.
E&C Williams, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Technology
9000 X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer
and Lead X-Ray Fluorescence
Analyzer
Soil Separation and Washing
Process
Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone
Campbell Centrifugal Jig
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
GHEA Associates Process
Cold Top Ex Situ Verification of
Chromium-Contaminated Soils
Cryogenic Barrier
In Situ Electroacoustic Soil
Decontamination
Soil and Sediment Washing
BioGenesisSM Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
Soil Washing Process
Acid Extraction Treatment System
TERRAMET Soil Remediation
System
Calcium Sulfide & Calcium
Polysulfide Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Volume
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Page 298
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology
Vendor
General Atomics,
Nuclear Remediation
Technologies Division
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
Lewis Environmental
Services, Inc./
Hickson Corp.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazh
geologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Sandia National
Laboratory
Toronto Harbor
Commission
U. of Houston
HNU Systems, Inc.
Art's Manufacturing
and Supply
Geoprobe Systems
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
E&C Williams, Inc.
Ferro Corp.
Funderburk &
Associates
Technology
Acoustic Barrier Particulate
Separator
Electrokinetics for NSFO
Mobilization
Batch Steam Distillation Metal
Extraction
Chelation/Electrodeposition of
Toxic Metals from Soils
Mixed Treatment Process
Chromated Copper Arsenate Soil
Leaching Process
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Volume Reduction Unit
In Situ Electrokinetic Extraction
System
Soil Recycling
Concentrated Chlorine Extraction
and Recovery of Lead
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
AMS™ Dual-Tube Liner Soil
Sampler
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Core Barrel Soil Sampler
Solidification and Stabilization
Chemical Stabilization of Mercury
Mining Wastes
Waste Vitrification Through
Electric Melting
Dechlorination and Immobilization
Volume
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
1
1
2
1
Page 299
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
(Cont)
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
Gas Technology
Institute
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Metso Minerals
Industries, Inc.
Minergy
Rocky Mountain
Remediation Services,
LLC
Sevenson
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Soliditech, Inc.
Star Organics, LLC
STC Remediation a
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
American Combusion,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Concurrent
Technologies
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Horsehead Resource
Development Co., Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Phyrokiln Thermal Encapsulation
Process
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
Envirobond Solution
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Soil Rescue Remediation Fluid
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/ Solidification
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
PYRETRON® Thermal Destruction
Cyclone Furnace
Smelting Lead-Containing Wastes
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Reactor Filter System
Flame Reactor
Cement-Lock Technology
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Volume
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
2
1
1/2
2
2
2
1
1
2
Page 300
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Organics
Organics (Cont)
Treatment Type
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Biological
Degradation
Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Sensors
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
Minergy Corporation
PSI Technologies, A
Division of Physical
Sciences Inc.
Svedaia Industries,
Inc.
Vortec Corp.
Harding ESE, a
MacTech Co.
Micro-Bac
International, Inc.
Concurrent
Technologies
Kavemer Energy &
Environment
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
Current
Environmental
Solutions
Electro-Petroleum,
Inc.
IT Corporation
Pharmacia
Corporation
Geoprobe Systems
Gas Technology
Institute
RKK, Ltd.
Current
Environmental
Solutions
Gas Technology ,
Institute
Gruppo Italimpresse
Terra Therm, Inc.
Technology
Glass Furnace Technology for
Dredged Sediments
Metals Immobilization and
Decontamination of Aggregate
Solids
Pyrokiln Thermal Encapsulation
Process
Vitrification Process
Two-Zone, Plume Interception. In
Situ Treatment Strategy
Microbial Degradation of PCBs
Organic Destruction & Metals
Stabilization
Chemical Treatment
Cryogenic Barrier
Six-Phase Heating of TCE
Electro-Kinetically Aided
Remediation
KMnO4 (Potassium Permanganate
Oxidation of TCE)
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Geoprobe Conductivity System
Cement-Lock Technology
CRYOCELL®
Six-Phase Heating of TCE
Cement-Lock Technology
Infrared Thermal Destruction
In Situ Thermal Destruction
Volume
1
2
2
1
1/2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
Page 301
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
PAHs
PAHs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Chemical Thermal
Desorption
Cone
Penetrometers
Contaminant
Survey
Contaminant
Survey Systems
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Samplers
Sensors
Technology
Vendor
X-19 Biological
Products
COGNIS, Inc.
Ecova Corp.
Environmental
BioTechnologies, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Micro-Bac®
International, Inc.
Remediation
Technology, Inc.
Biotherm, L.C.C.
Space and Naval
Warfare Systems
Center
Fugro Geosciences,
Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
Bergmann. A
Division of Linatex,
Inc.
BioGenesis
Enterprises, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Clements, Inc.
Fugro Geosciences,
Inc.
Technology
Microbial Degradation of PCBs
Biological/Chemical Treatment
Bioslurry Reactor
Fungal Degradation Process
Fluid Extraction Biological
Degradation Process
Bioaugmentation Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Biotherm Process™
SCAPS Cone Penetrometer
Rapid. Optical Screening Tools
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Electroheat-Enhanced Nonaqueous
Phase Liquids Removal
Thermal Desorption System
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Cryogenic Barrier
Soil and Sediment Washing
BioGenesis™ Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
JMC Environmental Subsoil Probe
Rapid Optical Screening Tool
Volume
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
3 I
3 ||
3 I
Page 302
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs
PCBs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Spectrometer
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-
Ray Fluorescence
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
SiteLAB Corporation
X- 19 Biological
Products
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Micro-Bac®
International, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LLC
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
ART International,
(nc.
Bergmann, a Division
of Linatex, Inc.
Technology
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Microbial Degradation of PCBs
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Bioaugmentation Process
Phytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
Phytoremediation Process
Fluid Portable X-Ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process™
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
X*TAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processors
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Soil and Sediment Washing
3
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
I
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
Page 303
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Technology
Vendor
BioGenesis
Enterprises, Inc.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental
Services, Inc.
General Atomics
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazh
geologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
State U. of New York
at Oswego,
Environmental
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technology, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Clements, Inc.
Technology
BioGenesisSM Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
Organics Destruction and Metals
Stabilization
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Circulating Bed Combustor
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Photolytic and Biologkal Soil
Detoxification
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Electrochemical Peroxidation of
PCB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
JMC Environmental Subsoil Probe
Volume
1
2
1
1
I
j
3
3
3
3
Page 304
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs (Cont)
PCP
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Test Kits
Test Kits (Cont)
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
degradation
Technology
Vendor
Geoprobe Systems
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
Funderburk &
Associates
Gas Technology
Institute
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
.Minergy
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Dexsil Corporation
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Millipore Corporation
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Minergy Corp.
Terra Therm, Inc.
LJ. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
X- 19 Biological
Products
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Solidification and Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
Cement-Lock Technology
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Thermal Sediment Reuse
Technology
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Environmental Test Kits
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
EnviroGard™ PCP Immunoassay
Test Kit
EnviroGard™ PCB Immunoassay
Test Kit
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Cement-Lock Technology
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Glass Furnace Technology for
Dredged Sediments
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Microbial Degradation of PCBs
3
1
I
1
1
I
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
1/2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
Page 305
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Soil (Cont)
PCP (Cont)
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation ,
Contaminant
Survey Systems
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Technology
Vendor
Remediation
Technology, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
U.S. EPA
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
X-19 Biological
Products
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LLC
Technology
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Cryogenic Barrier
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCP Method
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Volume Reduction Unit
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Ensys Penta Test System
EnviroGard™ PCB Immunoassay
Test Kit
(RaPID Assay®)
Microbial Degradation of PCBs
Soil Washing System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Phytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
Phytoremediation Process
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process™
Volume
1
1
3
1
1
2
3
3
3
1 1
2
1
2
1
3
1
1
1 Thuiwdl — •
Desorption 1
Page 306
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Pesticides (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
OHM Remediation
Services, Corp.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
ART International,
Inc.
Bergmann, a Division
of Linatex, Inc.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
General Atomics
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
Technology
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
X*TAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA)
Anaerobic Thermal Processors
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Soil and Sediment Washing
Organics Destruction and Metals
Stabilization
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Circulating Bed Combustor
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Photolytic and Biological Soil
Detoxification
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
I
1
1
2
2
Page 307
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Soil (Cent)
Pesticides (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Technology
Vendor
Morrison Knudsen
Corp ./Spetstamponazh
geologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
State U. of New York
at Oswego,
Environmental
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Art's Manufacturing
and Supply
Clements, Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
Funderburk &
Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Dexsil Corporation
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Technology
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Electrochemical Peroxidation of
PCB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
AMS™ Dual-Tube Liner Soil
Sampler
JMC Environmental Subsoil Probe
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Core Barrel Soil Sampler
Solidification and Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Environmental Test Kits
Ensys Penta Test System
Volume
1
1
2
1
2
^
3
3
3
3
3
->
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
Page 308
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
Pesticides (Cont)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Test Kits (Cont)
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Cone
Penetrometers
Contaminant
Survey Systems
Materials Handling
Technology
Vendor
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Terra Therm, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
VORTEC Corp.
X- 19 Biological
Product
COGNIS, Inc.
Ecova Corp.
Hazardous Substance
Management Research
Center at New Jersey
Institute of
Technology, and
Rutgers, the State U.
of New Jersey
Micro-Bac®
International, Inc.
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Space and Naval
Warfare Systems
Center
Tri-Services
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
.aboratory. U. of
Cincinnati and FRX,
nc.
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Microbial Degradation of PCBs
Biological/Chemical Treatment
Bioslurry Reactor
Pneumatic Fracturing and
Bioremediation Process
Bioaugmentation Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
SCAPS Cone Penetrometer
Site Characterization Analysis
Penetrometer System (SCAPS)
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Hydraulic Fracturing
3
3
1/2
2
2
I
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
3
3
3
1
Page 309
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Soil (Cont)
Radionuclides
Radionuclides
(Cont)
SVOCs
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometer
Solidification/
Stabilization
Test Kits
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
Mew Jersey Institute
of Technology
SIVE Services
Smith Environmental
Technologies, Corp.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
SRI Instruments
Environmental
Systems Corporation
SiteLAB Corporation
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Wilks Enterprise, Inc.
Soliditech, Inc.
CHEMetrics Inc. and
AZUR Environmental
Ltd.
Thermo Nutech, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
Bergmann, a Division
of Linatex, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
IT Corp.
Sevenson
Environmental
Services, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Terra Therm, Inc.
Harding Lawson
Associates
Technology
GHEA Associates Process
Steam Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
Low, Temperature Thermal
Aeration (LTTA®)
Cryogenic Barrier
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Immunoassay and Colorrimetry
Infrared Analysis
Solidification and Stabilization
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction
& Colorimetry
Segmented Gate System
Cryogenic Barrier
Soil and Sediment Washing
Electrokinetic Extraction
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Cyclone Furnace
In-Siru Thermal Destruction
Two Zone, Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Technology
Volume
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
2
3
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1/2
1
2
Page 310
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cent)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation (Cont)
Contaminant
Survey Systems
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
Biotrol®
Ecova Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Grace Bioremediation
Technologies
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and
.INTECH 180 Corp.
New York State Dept.
of Environment
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larson
Engineers
New Yew State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
IT Corp.
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Quadrel Services, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LLC
ELI Ecq Logic, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic, Inc.
IIT Research
Institute/Brown and
Root Environmental
Technology
Soil Washing System
Bioslurry Reactor
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Bioventing
Fungal Treatment Technology
Ex Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Emflux Soil-Gs Survey System
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process™
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
Volume
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
Page 311
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
KAI Technologies,
Inc. /Brown and Root
Environmental
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
NOVATERRA
Associates
IT Corporation
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
SIVE Services
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
Bergmann, a Division
ofLinatex, Inc.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
CF Systems Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Energia, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Hrubetz
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Technology
Radio Frequency Heating
Thermal Desorption System
GHEA Associates Process
In-Situ Soil Treatments, (Steam/Air
Stripping)
X*TAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Steam Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
Low Temperature Thermal
Aeration(LTTA®)
Anaerobic Thermal Processors
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Soil and Sediment Washing
Organics Destruction and Metals
Stabilization
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Reductive Thermal and Photo-
Thermal Oxidation Processes for
Enhanced Conversation of
Chlorocarbons
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
HRUBOUT® Process
Volume
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
Page 312
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Technology
Vendor
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Toronto Harbor
Commission
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Art's Manufacturing
and Supply
Geoprobe Systems
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.
Geo-Con, Inc.
STC Remediation. A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Technology
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Volume Reduction Unit
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Soil Recycling
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ Extraction Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
AMS™ Dual-Tube Liner Soil
Sampler
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Core Barrel Soil Sampler
Solidification and Stabilization
In Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/ Solidification
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Volume
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
I
1
1
2
3
Page 313
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
VOCs
Treatment Type
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Other
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Sonotech, Inc.
Svedala Industries,
Inc.
Terra Therm, Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Berkeley
Environmental
Restoration Center
X-19 Biological
Products
Billings and
Associates, Inc.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Ecova Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
New York State Dept.
of Environment
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larson
Engineers
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright
Environmental, Inc.
Technology
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Frequency-Tunable Pulse
Combustion System
Pyrokiln Thermal Encapsulation
Process
In-Situ Thermal Destruction
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
In Situ Stream Enhanced Extraction
Process
Microbial Degradation of PCBs
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation System (SVVS®)
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Bioslurry Reactor
In situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Oxygen Microbubble in Situ
Bioremediation
Bioventing
Ex Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment
System
Volume
3
1/2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
Page 314
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
.Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation (Cont)
Contaminant
Survey Systems
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/SBP
Technologies, Inc.
New York State Dept.
of Environmental
Conservation/SBP
Technologies, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Quadrel Services, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
AEA Technology
Environment
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory. U. of
Cincinnati and FREX,
Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LLC
Current
Environmental
Solutions
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Hughes
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
IIT Research
Institute/Brown and
Root Environmental
Kai Technologies,
Inc. /Brown and Root
Environmental
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Technology
Groundwater Circulation Biological
Treatment Process
Vacuum-Vaporized Well System
Phytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
Phytoremediation Process
Emflux Soil-Gas Survey System
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Soil Separation and Washing
Process
Hydraulic Fracturing
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process™
Six Phase Heating at TCE
Electroheat-Enhanced Nonaqueous
Phase Liquids Removal
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Radio Frequency Heating
Radio Frequency Heating
Thermal Desorption System
GHEA Associates Process
Volume
1
1
2
1
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Page 315
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
NOVATERRA
Associates
Praxis Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
SIVE Services
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
SoilTech ATP
Systems, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations,
Inc.
ARS Technologies,
Inc.
Arizona State U./
Zentox Corp.
AWD Technologies,
Inc.
Berkeley
Environmental
Restoration Center
CF Systems Corp.
Energia, Inc.
Energia, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Hrubetz
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Technology
In-Situ Soil Treatments, (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
In Situ Thermally Enhanced
Extraction (TEE) Process
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Steam Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Low Temperature Thermal
Treatment (LT3®) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Aqua Detox®/SVE System
In Situ Stream Enhanced Extraction
Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination
Treatment
Reductive Thermal and Photo-
Thermal Oxidation Processes for
Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid
Phase Oxidation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
HRUBOUT® Process
Volume
1
1
1
1
1
i
i
i
i
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
Page 316
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Technology
Vendor
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
KSE, Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Sptstamponazhg
eologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
Radian International
LLC
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Clements, Inc.
Technology
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Batch Steam Distillation and Metals
Extraction
(KMnO4 (Potassium Permanganate)
Oxidation of TCE)
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Volume Reduction Unit
X-Ray Treatment of Organically
Contaminated Soils
Integrated Vapor Extraction and
Steam Vacuum Stripping and Soil
Vapor Extraction/ Reinjection
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
JMC Environmentalist's Subsoil
Probe
Volume
1
2
1
2
1/2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
Page 317
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Soil (Cont)
Solids
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
Other
Dioxins
Furans
Heavy Metals
Treatment Type
Sensors
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Thermal
Destruction (Cont)
Cone
Penetrometers
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
s Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
Dexsil Corporation
Fugro Geosciences,
Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Geo-Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Gas Technology
Institute
Sonotech, Inc.
Svedala Industries,
Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
Vortec Corp.
Tri-Services
ART's Manufacturing
and Supply
STC Remediation, a
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
Active Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Active Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Active Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Technology
Core Barrel Soil Sampler
Emulsion Turbidimetry
Rapid Optical Screening Tool
Geoprobe Conductivity System
hi Situ Solidification and
Stabilization Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Absorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Frequency-Tunable Pulse
Combustion System
Pyrokiln Thermal Encapsulation
Process
Texaco Gasification Process
Vitrification Process
Site Characterization Analysis
Penetrometer System (SCAPS)
Sediment Core Sampler
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/ Solidification
TechXtract™ Process
TechXtract™ Process
TechXtract™ Process
Volume
3
3
3
3
1
1
2
3
3
2
2
1
2
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
Page 318
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Solids
(Cont)
Waste
Water
Contaminants
Inorganics
Metals
Mercury
Organics
PCBs
Pesticides
Radionuclides
Other
Aromatic VOCs
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Active Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Bionebraska, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Active Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Active Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Gas Technology
Institute
Gas Technology
Institute
Active Environmental,
Inc.
Active Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
U.S. EPA NRMRL
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental, Inc.
Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
TechXtract™ Process
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
BiMelyze® Mercury Immunoassay
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
TechXtract™ Process
TechXtract™ Process
Cement-Lock Technology
Cement-Lock Technology
TechXtract™ Process
Tech Xtract Decontamination
Process
Alternative Cover Assessment
Program
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
hi Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
Volume
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
Page 319
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(Cont)
Cyanide
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Technology
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module
System
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Cross Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 1 D Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Volume
1
1
2
1
1
1/2
2
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
Page 320
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Diesel
Dioxins
Dioxins (Cont)
Explosives
Furans
Treatment Type
Spectrometer
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chem ical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
SiteLAB Corporation
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
U.S. Filter/WTS
ULtrox
Retech, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Technology
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Cyclone Furnace
GHEA Associates Process
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Plasma Heat
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Volume
3
1
1
1
1/2
1
3
1
3
1/2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1/2
1
Page 321
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Furans (Cont)
Gasoline
Halogenated
VOCs
Halogenated
VOCs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Spectrometer
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Technology
Vendor
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
SiteLAB Corporation
Biotrol®
ZENON
Environmental, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
CF Systems Corp.
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS
Ultrox
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Technology
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Cyclone Furnace
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
ZenoGem™ Process
GHEA Associates Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds
in Groundwater
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb™ 563 Absorbent
Volume
3
1
3
1/2
3
1
1
2
1
I
2
1
1
1/2
2
1
I
2
2
Page 322
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Heavy Metals
Heavy Minerals
Herbicides
Herbicides
(Cont)
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal
Destruction
Field Portable X-
Ray Fluorescence
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Solidification/
Stabilization
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation (Cont)
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Retech, Inc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental, Inc.
ELI ECO Logic Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Technology
Cross Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Plasma Heat
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Electrokinetics for NSFO
Mobilization
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Volume
I
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
2
3
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Page 323
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
e
Inorganics
Mercury
Metals
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Field Portable X-
Ray Fluorescence
Solidification/
Stabilization
Solidification/
Stabilization
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-
Ray Fluorescence
Physical/Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Technology
Vendor
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Retech, Inc.
Retech, Inc.
Colorado Dept. of
Public Health and
Environmental
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
Filter Flow
Technology, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Technology
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Plasma Heat
Plasma Heat
Constructed Wetlands-Based
Treatment
Biomineralization of Metals
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Colloid Polishing Filter Method
GHEA Associates Process
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module
System
Volume
1
1/2
1
3
1
3
3
1/2
3
1
1
1
2
1
3
3
1
2
1
Page 324
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Metals (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Technology
Vendor
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
E.I. DuPont De
Nemours and
Company, and Oberlin
Filter Co.
Dynaphore, Inc.
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
EPOC Water, Inc.
General
Environmental
Corporation
Lewis Environmental
Services, Inc./
Hickson Corp.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corporation/Spetstam
ponazhgeologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
RECRA
Environmental, Inc.
Region 8 and State of
Colorado
Selentec
Environmental, Inc.
U. of Washington
HNU Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
Technology
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate
Treatment
Membrane Microfiltration
FORAGER® Sponge
Reactive Barrier
Precipitation Microfiltration, and
Sludge Dewatering
CURE® Electrocoagulation
Wastewater Treatment System
Chromated Copper Arsenic Soil
Leaching Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Alternating Current
Electrocoagulation Technology
Multiple Innovative Passive Mine
Drainage Technologies
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Adsorptive Filtration
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Volume
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1/2
1
2
1
1
2
3
1
1/2
2
Page 325
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Organic
PAHs
PCBs
PCBs (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometer
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-
Ray Fluorescence
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Retech, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
SiteLAB Corporation
ZENON
Environmental, Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corporation/Spetstam
ponazhgeologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Technology
Electrokinetics for NSFO
Mobilization
Plasma Heat
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
ZenoGem™ Process
Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
GHEA Associates Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Volume
1
1
I
3
3
3
1
3
I
2
1
1
2
1
1
1/2
1
1
Page 326
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
PCBs (Cont)
PCP
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(Cont)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
U.S. Filter/WTS
Ultrox
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research corp.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS
Ultrox
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Technology
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Ensys Penta Test System
EnviroGard™ PCP Immunoassay
Test Kit
RaPID Assay®
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In gitu Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Volume
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
1/2
2
1
1
3
3
3
1
2
Page 327
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Pesticides (Cont)
Pesticides (Cont)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Technology
Vendor
ZENON
Environmental, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corporation/Spetstam
ponazhgeolo
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS
Ultrox
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Technology
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening
Program-PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Volume
1
1
1
1
2
1
I
1/2
1
, 1
1
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
Page 328
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cent)
Contaminants
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Radionuclides
Radionuclides
(Cont)
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometer
Test Kits
Physical/Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatments
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Physical/Chemical
Treatment (Cont)
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology
Vendor
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
New Jersey institute
of Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
SRI Instruments
Horiba Instruments,
Inc.
SiteLAB Corporation
Wilks Enterprise, Inc.
Idetek, Inc.
Filter Flow
Technology, Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Selentec
Environmental, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Biotrol®
ZENON
Environmental, Inc.
Technology
Ensys Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
GHEA Associates Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Infrared Analysis
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Infrared Analysis
Equate® Immunoassay
Colloid Polishing Filter Method
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate
Treatment
Selentec MAG* SEP Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
ZenoGem™ Process
Volume
3
3
1/2
2
2
I
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
2
2
1
1/2
1
1
Page 329
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
Radionuclides
Radionuclides
(Cont)
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometer
Test Kits
Physical/Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatments
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
SRI Instruments
Horiba Instruments,
Inc.
SiteLAB Corporation
Wilks Enterprise, Inc.
Idetek, Inc.
Filter Flow
Technology, Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Selentec
Environmental, Inc.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Biotrol®
ZENON
Environmental, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
Technology
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
GHEA Associates Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Infrared Analysis
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Infrared Analysis
Equate® Immunoassay
Colloid Polishing Filter Method
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate
Treatment
Selentec MAG* SEP Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
GHEA Associates Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Volume
1
2
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
2
2
1
1/2
1
1
1
2
1
1
Page 330
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
SVOCs (Cont)
VOCs
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Analytical and
Remedial Technology,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Wheelaborator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostics,
Inc., Corp.
BWX Technologies,
Inc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental, Inc.
New Jersey Institute
of Technology
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Automated Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
PO* WW*ER Technology
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
GHEA Associates Process
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module
System
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds
in Groundwater
Volume
2
1
2
1
3
3
3
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1 .
1
Page 331
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Waste
water
(Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs (Cont)
Other
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
EnviroMetal
Technologies, lac.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS
Ultrox
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston,, Inc.
ZENON
Environmental Inc.
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental
Research Corp.
EcoMat, Inc.
North American
Technologies, Group,
Inc.
Technology
Reactive Barrier
High Energy Electron Irradiation
X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb™ 563 Absorbent
Cross Flow Pervaporation System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program
- PCB Method
PO* WW*ER Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Biological Denitrificaiton Process
Oleophilic Amine-Coated Ceramic
Chip
Volume
I
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
2
1
Page 332
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Other
Other
(Cont)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
Dioxins
Furans
Furans (Cont)
Halogenated
VOCs
Metals
PCBs
Pesticides
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Field Portable
X-Ray
Fluorescence
Materials Handling
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal
Destruction
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Technology
Vendor
RECRA
Environmental, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Process Technologies,
Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
NITON Corp.
TN Spectrace
AEA Technology
Environment
Geosafe Corp.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Concurrent
Technologies
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Process Technologies,
Inc.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Technology
Alternating Current
Electrocoagulation Technology
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
GeoMelt Vitrification
Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-
phase Halogens
GeoMelt Vitrification
XL Spectrum Analyzer
9000 X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer
and Lead X-Ray Fluorescence
Analyzer
Soil Separation and Washing
Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Coordinate, Chemical bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Smelting Lead-Containing Wastes
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
GeoMelt Vitrification
Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-
Phase Halogens
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
Volume
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Page 333
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Media
Other
(Cont)
Contaminants
VOCs
VOCs (Cont)
Not Applicable
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal
Desorption
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Capping/
Containment
Containment
Survey Systems
Data Management
Systems
Technology
Vendor
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
AEA Technology
Environment
Process Technologies,
Inc.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Wilder Construction
Co.
Earthsoft
Earthsoft
CIS/Solutions, Inc.
Technology
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Soil Separation and Washing
Process
Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-
Phase Halogens
Solvent Extraction Treatment
System
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Matcon Modified Asphalt Cap.
Equis Environmental Data
Management System
Equis Environmental Data
Management System
GIA/Key™ Environmental Data
Manaopmpnt Svstfim
Volume
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
I
Page 334
-------
TABLES
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of September 2002
Developer
Technology
Technology Ceft&ct
fePA Project
Manager
Applicable Waste.
t mil-same
Active Environmental, Inc.
(formerly EET, Inc.)
Mounty Holly, NJ
TechXract®
Decontamination
Process
Scott Fay
609-702-1500
Dennis Timberlake
513-569-7547
Porous Solid
Materials
Heavy Metals,
Radionuclides
PCBs, Hydrocarbons
ART International, Inc.
{formerly Enviro-Sciences, Inc.)
Denville, NJ
Low-Energy Extraction
Process
Werner Steiner
973-627-7601
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Not Applicable
Tar, Creosote, PCBs,
Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons, PAHs,
Pesticides
Atomic Energy of Canada,
Limited
Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
Ultrasonic-Aided
Leachate Treatment
Dr. Shiv Vijayan
Shaun Comam
613-584-3311
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Acid Mine
Drainage
Heavy Metals,
Radionuclides
Not Applicable
ffftttyOi VIKHUfHII .
BioTrol*
Eden Prairie, MN
Methanotrophic
Bioreactor System
Durell Dobbins
320-942-8032
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Water
Not Applicable
Halogenated
Hydrocarbons
I^m&tf
COGNIS, Inc.
Santa Rosa, CA
Biological/Chemical
Treatment
Bill Fristad
248-583-9300
Steven Rock
513-569-7149
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Heavy Metals
Nonspecific Organics
gfedi&gnt
Colorado Department of Public
Health & Environment***
Denver, CO
Constructed Wetlands-
Based Treatment
James Lewis
303-692-3390
Edward Bates
513-569-7774
Acid Mine
Drainage
Metals
Not Applicable
u
(TO
'Jl
Solicitation number
Invited to participate in the SITE Demonstration Program
SITE Demonstration Program participant. Refer to the profile in the Demonstration Program Section (Completed and Ongoing Projects)
for more information.
-------
era
n
w
TABLE 3 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of September 2002
Developer
Technology
Technology Contact
EPA Project
Manager
Applicable
Applicable Waste
Inorganic
Organic
Concurrent Technologies
| formerly Center for Hazardous
Materials Research)
Pittsburgh, PA
Organics Destruction
and Metals Stabilization
Brian Bosilovich
412-577-2662
ext. 230
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Soil, Sediment
Heavy Metals
Nonspecific Organics
ia#!mn|
Mffiytf
B'^jttcw*
Pittsburgh.!
3ft* V,,
Eberline Services, Inc.
[formerly Thermo Nutech,
Inc./TMA Thermo Analytical,
Inc.)
Albuquerque, MN
Segmented Gate System
Joseph W. Kimbrell
505-262-2694
Vince Gallardo
513-569-7176
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment, Sand
Gamma-Ray Emitting
Radionuclides
Not Applicable
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Baton Rouge, LA
In Situ Bioremediation
by Electrokinetic
Injection
ElifChiasson
225-753-8004
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Heavy Metals
Nonspecific Organics
Energia, Inc.
Princeton, NJ
Reductive Thermal and
Photo-Thermal
Oxidation Processes for
Enhanced Conversion ol
Chlorocarbons
Dr. Moshe Lavid
609-799-7970
Michelle Simon
513-569-7469
Air Streams
Not Applicable
Volatile Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons
Solicitation number
Invited to participate in the SITE Demonstration Program
SITE Demonstration Program participant. Refer to the profile in the Demonstration Program Section (Completed and Ongoing Projects)
for more information.
-------
TABLE 3 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of September 2002
^Developer
'Technology
Technology Cimtacl,
Appticaj&te
mVf»> 1
Applicalile Waste
Itioreanie
Organic
Energy and Environmental
Research Corporation
Irvine, CA
Reactor Filter System
Neil Widmer
949-859-8851
Steven Rock
513-569-7149
Gas Emissions
Volatile Toxic Metals
Condensed-Phase
Organics
tr
^•W^fjw >$
il—
Ferro Corporation
Independence, OH
Waste Vitrification
Through Electric
Melting
Emilio Spinosa
216-641-8585
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Nonspecific Inorganics
Nonspecific Organics
Gas Technology Institute"
Des Plaines, IL
Fluid Extraction-
Biological Degradation
Process
Robert Paterek
847-768-0722
Valdis Kukainis
513-569-7655
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Not Applicable
Nonspecific Organics
Gas Technology Institute
Des Plaines, IL
Supercritical
Extraction/Liquid Phase
Oxidation
Anil Gayal
847-544-0605
Michael Mensinger
847-544-0602
Valdis Kukainis
513-569-7955
Soil, Sludge
Not Applicable
PAHs, PCBs, Other
Organics
Geo-Microbial Technologies,
I He.
Qchelata. OK
Metals Release and
Removal from Wastes
Donald Hitzman
918-535-2281
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Sludge, Soil
Metals
Nonspecific Organics
Harding ESE, A Mactec
Company
(formerly ABB Environmental
Services, Inc.)
Wakefield. MA*
Two-Zone, Plume
Interception, In Situ
Treatment Strategy
Willard Murray
781-245-6606
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Groundwater, Soil
Inorganic Chloride
Chlorinated and
Nonchlorinated Organic
Compounds
•8
Solicitation number
Invited to participate in the SITE Demonstration Program
SITE Demonstration Program participant. Refer to the profile in the Demonstration Program Section (Completed and Ongoing Projects)
for more information.
-------
TABLE 3 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of September 2002
00
Developer
Technology
Technology Contact
EPA Project
Manager
Inorcanic
Organic
IT Corporation
Knoxville, TN
Batch Steam Distillation
and Metal Extraction
Stuart Shealy
865-690-3211
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Heavy Metals, Other
Inorganics
'TrTrrr^'T1
Nonspecific Organics
IT Corporation,
Knoxville. TN
Mixed Waste Treatment
Process
Ed Alperin
865-690-3211
Douglas Grosse
513-569-7844
Soil, Sludge
Nonspecific Inorganics,
Radinuclides
Nonspecific Organics
IT Corporation
Knoxville, TN
Photolytic and
Biological Soil
Detoxification
Duane Graves
865-690-3211
Pvandy Parker
513-569-7271
Soil
Not Applicable
PCBs, Pesticides,
Dioxins, PAHs
•vi
KSK, Inc.
Amherst, MA
Adsorption-Integrated-
Reaction Process
Dr. J.R. Kittrell
413-549-5506
Vince Gallardo
513-569-7176
Air Streams
Not Applicable
VOCs
Kvaerner Energy &
Environment
(formerly Davy International
Environmental Division)
Cleveland, England
Jl «f >!tW«R'»!^«utSUUI!ffi
Chemical Treatment
Simon Clarke
011-44-1642-
602221
Vince Gallardo
513-569-7176
Soil
Metals
PCBs, Chlorinated
Solvents, Pesticides
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc."*
London, Ontario, Canada
Photocatalytic Aqueous
Phase Organic
Destruction
Bob Henderson
519-660-8669
Richard Eilers
513-569-7809
Wastewater,
Groundwater,
Process Water
Nonspecific Inorganics
Most Organics
Solicitation number
Invited to participate in the SITE Demonstration Program
SITE Demonstration Program participant. Refer to the profile in the Demonstration Program Section (Completed and Ongoing Projects)
for more information.
-------
TABLE 3 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of September 2002
Developer
Technology
Technology Con tact
£PA Project
Manager
Applicable
Applicable Waste
1 1 Inorganic
Organic
Pittsburgh.'
)ecoiitain
Membrane Technology and
Research, Inc.
Menlo Park, CA
VaporSep® Membrane
Process
Marc Jacobs
Doug Gottschlich
650-328-2228
Paul dePercin
513-569-7797
Gaseous Waste
Streams
Not Applicable
Halogenated and
Nonhalogenated
Organics
Montana College of Mineral
Science and Technology
Butte, MT
Air-Sparged
Hydrocyclone
Courtney Young
406-496-4158
Ed Bates
513-569-7774
Solids (Fine
Particles)
Metals
Not Applicable
Montana C^tap «f Mfcwtfcrt
Science and Technology -
*»*«
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Newark, NJ
GHEA Associates
Process
Itzhak Gotlieb
201-226-4642
Annette Gatchett
513-569-7697
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment, Water,
Industrial Effluent
Heavy Metals
Most Organics
New Jersey Institute of
Technology Hazardous
Substances Management
Research Center
(formerly Hazardous Substance
Management Research Center
at New Jersey Institute of
Technology and Rutgers, The
Sate University of New Jersey)
Newark, NJ
Pneumatic Fracturing
and Bioremediation
Process
John Schuring
973-596-5849
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Soil
Not Applicable
Biodegradable Organics
o
Solicitation number
Invited to participate in the SITE Demonstration Program
SITE Demonstration Program participant. Refer to the profile in the Demonstration Program Section (Completed and Ongoing Projects)
for more information.
-------
CM
ffi
TABLE 3 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of September 2002
Developer
Technology
Technology Contact
EPA Project
Applicable
Media
Applicable Waste
Inorganic
Orgajaic
Phytokinetics, Inc.
North Logan, UT
Phytoremediation of
Contaminated Soils
Dr. Ari Ferro
801-750-0985
Steven Rock
513-569^7149
Soil
Not Applicable
PCP, PAHs,
Chlorinated Solvents,
Insecticides,
Nitroaromatic
Explosives
PSI Technologies, A Division of
Physical Sciences Inc.
Andover, MA
Metals Immobilization
and Decontamination of
AggregateSolids
Joseph Morency
978-689-0003
Mark Meckes
513-569-7348
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Heavy Metals, Volatile
Metals
Low Volatile Organics,
Organometallics
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
San Leandro, CA
RECRA Environmental, Inc.
(formerly Electro-Pure
Systems, Inc.)
Amherst, NY
X-Ray Treatment of
Organically
Contaminated Soils
Alternating Current
Electrocoagulation
Technology
Vernon Bailey
510-632-5100
ext. 227
Bob Havas
716-636-1550
George Moore
513-569-7991
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Soil
Groundwater,
Wastewater,
Leachate
Not Applicable
Heavy Metals
VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs
Petroleum By-products,
Coal-Tar Derivatives
,<>i ,„ ' -
Resource Management &
Recovery
(formerly Bio-Recovery
Systems, Inc,)"
Las Cruces, NM
AlgaSORB0 Biological
Sorption
Michael Hosea
505-382-9228
Randy Parker
513-569-7657
Groundwater,
Leachate,
Wastewater
Metals, Uranium
Not Applicable
State; tlm*ve
Oswego,
Electrochemical
Solicitation number
**^ Invited to participate in the SITE Demonstration Program
SITE Demonstration Program participant. Refer to the profile in the Demonstration Program Section (Completed and Ongoing Projects)
for more information.
-------
TABLE 3 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of September 2002
Developer
Technology
Technology Content ,
.EPAfiroJecjt
Manager
Applicable "\
Applicable Waste
Inorganic
Organic
Thermatrix, Inc.
(formerly Purus, Inc.)"
San Jose, CA
Photolytic Oxidation
Process
Ed Greene
865-593-4606
ext. 3206
Norma Lewis
513-569-7665
Soil, Groundwater
Not Applicable
VOCs
' 2"! fiJ'ft'lO.li'zT-ft'l
United Kingdom Atomic Energy
Authority
(formerly AEA Technology
Environment)
Oxfordshire, England
Soil Separation and
Washing Process
Mike Pearl
011-44-1235-435-377
Mary Stinson
723-321-6683
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Metals
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons, PAHs
University of Houston
Houston, TX
Concentrated Chloride
Extraction and
Recovery of Lead
Dennis Clifford
713-743-4266
Terry Lyons
513-569-7589
Soil
Lead
Not Applicable
[Jniversity of Washington
Seattle, WA
Adsorptive Filtration
Mark Benjamin
206-543-7645
Norma Lewis
513-569-7665
Groundwater,
Wastewater,
Leachate
Metals, Other Nonspecific
Inorganics
Not Applicable
JV Technologies, Inc.
'formerly Energy and
Environmental Engineering,
Inc.),"
:hattam, NJ
UV CATOX™ Process
Donald Habertroh
937-635-6067
Ronald Lewis
513-569-7856
Groundwater,
Wastewater
Not Applicable
Various Organics
ff
•8
Solicitation number
Invited to participate in the SITE Demonstration Program
SITE Demonstration Program participant Refer to the profile in the Demonstration Program Section (Completed and Ongoing Projects)
for more information.
-------
TABLE 3 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of September 2002
Developer
Technology
Technology Contact
EPA Project
Manager
' A
•Vit
edia
Applicable Waste
Inorganic
Organic
Western Product Recovery
Group, Inc.
Houston/TX
Coordinate, Chemical
Bonding, and
Adsorption Process
Donald Kelly
210-602-1743
Vince Gallardo
513-569-7176
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Heavy Metals
Nonspecific Organics
9tWV &
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
West Chester, PA
Ambersorb® 563
Adsorbent
Joe Martino
610-701-6174
Barbara Kinch
215-537-4060
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Groundwater,
Wastewater
Not Applicable
VOCs
Solicitation number
Invited to participate in the SITE Demonstration Program
SITE Demonstration Program participant. Refer to the profile in the Demonstration Program Section (Completed and Ongoing Projects)
for more information.
-------
-------
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Environmental Protection
Agency
National Risk Management
Research Laboratory
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------- |