United States Solid Waste and
Environmental Protection Emergency Response
Agency (5305)
EPA530--R-94-040
PB95-105417
October 1994
&EPA
National Capacity
Assessment Report:
Capacity Planning Pursuant
to CERCLA Section 104(c)(9)
DRAFT
DRAFT
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed on recycled paper that contains at
lesst 50% post-consumer recycled fiber
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DRAFT
NATIONAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT REPORT:
Capacity Planning Pursuant to CERCLA Section 104(c)(9)
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street SW
Washington, DC 20460
DRAFT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary
Introduction
Background
Overview of State Phase 1 Activities
Data Development
Other Information in the Phase 1 Submittals
The 1994 CAPs and the 1991 BRS National Report
Overview of EPA Phase 1 Activities
Methodology Issues
Theoretical versus Practical Capacity
CAP Management Categories
Effects of Regulatory Changes on Capacity
Demand from Wastes Generated by Small Quantity Generators
Demand from Nonhazardous Wastes
Demand from Mixed Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes
Economic Effects on Capacity
Discussion of National Data Aggregated by EPA
National Assessment of Future Capacity
Conclusions
References
Appendix A: Demand Data Submitted by States
Appendix B: Commercial Capacity Data Submitted by States
Appendix C: Adjustments to Commercial Capacity Data
Appendix D: List of Commercial Facilities
Appendix E: CAP Management Categories
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Executive Summary
Section 104 (c) (9) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA) requires States to assure that adequate capacity exists to manage hazardous
wastes generated in their State for 20 years before EPA can expend any Superfund Remedial Action
Trust ftmds in the State. Under a program the Agency has implemented to help States fulfill this
statutory mandate, States submitted Capacity Assurance Plans (CAPs) to the Agency as the basis of
their assurance. The first CAPs were submitted to the -Agency in 1989. For these CAPs, each State
had to demonstrate that it had sufficient in-state capacity or agreements with other States to assure
capacity for 20 years. Because of concerns raised by the States over the 1989 CAP process, the
Agency worked closely with the States to develop a CAP process focusing on national capacity. On
May I, 1994, the States submitted CAPs to the Agency pursuant to the May, 1993 Guidance for:
Capacity Assurance Planning, OSWER Directive 9010.02. This Report describes the outcome of the
CAP process pursuant to this Guidance.
The Agency has conducted an analysis based on the information contained in the CAPs
submitted May 1, 1994, along with other information that was available to EPA, which shows that
there exists adequate national capacity. The Agency will use this analysis, together with other data
that becomes available, in evaluating whether .the assurance requirement of CERCLA 104 (c)(9) has
been met when entering into contracts or cooperative agreements with States. This draft Report
assesses the data used during this analysis and presents the resolutions to a number of methodological
issues raised in conducting this assessment.
The States' CAP submissions contained data demonstrating knowledge of their existing
hazardous waste management systems and projecting through 2013 the demand for commercial
management and the commercial management capacity for treating these hazardous wastes. Data was
presented for the years 1991, 1993, 1999, and 2013 in 14 different waste management categories and
focused primarily on wastes regulated under Subtitle C of RCRA.
The Agency reviewed the State-submitted data for consistency and accuracy. EPA then
calculated the total national maximum demand on commercial Subtitle C management by aggregating
the States' projected demand and commercial capacity in the year 2013. Based on this calculation,
the Agency believes that sufficient national capacity for the management of hazardous waste exists
through 2013, per the CERCLA 104 (c)(9) requirement. This analysis, which appears in Table VI of
the Report, also accounts for the possible effects of future rulemakings on capacity as well as for the
demand placed on commercial treatment capacity from nonhazardous wastes and small quantity
generators.
While the Agency's analysis has shown that there is adequate national capacity through 2013,
States, market areas and/or regional groupings of States should continue hazardous waste planning
activities. Further planning activities will add to States' knowledge of their hazardous waste
management systems, help them implement waste minimization programs, and encourage companies
to replace inefficient treatment technologies with safer and more innovative technologies. Moreover,
the national hazardous waste management system is dynamic, as shown by the ongoing consolidation
and restructuring of the hazardous waste treatment industry. Thus, there is no guarantee that the
current projected surpluses of hazardous waste management capacity will continue to exist. Because
of this, the Agency will continue to assess the national capacity situation. Accordingly, although the
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Agency believes the information presented in this draft Report accurately portrays the adequacy of
future management capacity, the Agency will continue to collect and evaluate additional data to ensure
that the requirements of CERCLA 104 (c)(9) are satisfied.
The .Agency is providing this draft Report to the States and the public for comment on the.
data and the procedures used to conduct the assessment. Based on the comments received on this
Report, the Agency will modify, as appropriate, its assessment.
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Introduction
* ~ ,r* A 104 (cX9) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability
Act tCERCLA), or Superfund law, requires States to assure mat adequate capacity exists to manage
hazardous wastes J generated in their state for 20 yeais before EPA can expend any'Superfund Remedial
SSoP"5^ tSa?s S1 ** St^es.' Under a ?rogram that EPA has implemented to help States fulfill this
statutory mandate, States submitted Capacity Assurance Plans (CAPS) as the basis of their assurance. EPA
^conducted an assessment of data from these plans to analyze the future availability of management
capacity nationally for the next 20 years.
\ ' ' '
The Agency's assessment indicates that th
Tills assessment was made in accordance with the
Guidance for Capacity Assurance Planning, dated _ __ __ ^ ^ ^^
States in fteir CAPsas weH as other information that was'a'vailable "to EPA. Inihecase ofStates that did
not submit a CAP, EPA used preliminary data submitted by these States when conducting the assessment
«i~ A TW.S draf)- RfP°rt describes: (1) the Agency's assessment that adequate national capa
the Agency s methodology used to conduct this assessment, and (3) the data used to conduct
assessment pe Agency welcomes any comments on this Report as well as any new data mat could
supplement the Agency's assessment Please send comments to:
RCRA Docket Information Center
Office of Solid Waste (5305)
Environmental Protection Agency
401MStreet,SW
Washington, D.C. 20460.
AH comments must include docket number F-94-CARA-FFFF.
.WMmn Bfed on the comments received on this Report, the Agency will modify, as appropriate, its
assessment and make available any revised assessment by publishing a notice of availabUity in the Federal
Reister toftat effec If
. nationwide through 2013.
lures established in OSWER Directive 9010.02,
ty 1993, and was based on the data submitted by the
ntA0 'A*rA* 1 nl^lfk *M T?lS A T« '4l_ & A__._. <_.f ^A—A —^ ^t. _«. -M* _«
exists, (2)
smen y pusng a noce o avalabUity in the Federal
Register toftat effect If any revised assessment identifies a shortfall in any management categories, those
•SKSK*1^*^1? ?5S%wm te notified by ** A*ency to submit add^onal infomfation that
addresses any identified shortfall® in accordance with OSWER Directive 9010.02.
~™**JK& F?10^1^ (c#9> rc^res mat Before Superfund remedial action Trust funds are
provided, the State in which the release occurs must first enter into a contract or cooperative agreement
providing assurances of the availability of adequate hazardous waste treatment or disposal capacity
Because the hazardous waste universe is dynamic, before contracts or cooperative agreements are signed
with States, the Agency will utilize the assessment detailed in this Report, together with additional data, as
appropriate, to ensure that the requirements of CERCLA104 (c)(9) are satisfied.
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Background
The Agency's current policy and process for implementing the CERCLA 104 (c)(9) capacity
assurance requirement is presented in the Guidance for Capacity Assurance Planning document dated
May 1993, hereafter referred to as the Guidance. The Guidance describes a three-phased approach
for States to assure the future availability of hazardous waste management capacity. The three-phased
approach involves assessing capacity on a national level (Phase 1); addressing any projected shortfalls
by States that have a demand exceeding their supply of capacity in a shortfall management category
through waste minimization and continued development of both capacity that is permitted but not
constructed and capacity with draft permits (Phase 2); and revaluation of projected national capacity
and addressing remaining national shortfalls with further state planning and waste minimization
activities (Phase 3). This Report describes only the Phase 1 activities conducted to evaluate national
capacity availability. At this time, the Agency does not anticipate the need for the submission of
Phase 2 or Phase 3 CAPs from the States.
Overview of State Phase -1 Activities
States prepared Phase 1 CAP submissions that were due to the Agency on May 1, 1994. The
submissions consisted primarily of six data tables titled:
Table 1. 1991 Hazardous Waste Generated and Managed On Site;
Table 2. 1991 Management of Hazardous Waste in Captive Systems;
Table 3.. 1991 Management of Hazardous Waste in Commercial Systems;
Table 4. Maximum Operational In-state Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity;
Table 5. Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Management Capacity from Recurrent-
Waste Expected to be Generated in State; and
Table 6. Expected Maximum in-state Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity.
States' Phase 1 CAP submissions, including these data tables, are available in EPA's RCRA
Docket (Docket number F-92-CAGA-FFFF). The first four tables demonstrate States' knowledge of
their existing hazardous waste management systems; the last two tables show projected future demand
for commercial management and projected commercial management capacity quantities for hazardous
waste. The data provided by the States in the projection tables (i.e., Table 5 and Table 6), along with
additional information on non-hazardous and Small Quantity Generator waste generation, were used
by the Agency as the basis for its assessment that adequate future national capacity exists for the
treatment and disposal of hazardous waste pursuant to Section 104 (c)(9) through the year 2013. The
CAP submissions focused primarily on wastes regulated under Subtitle C of RCRA. The Agency,
when assessing capacity, also accounted for the impact of Subtitle D wastes.
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Some States chose to submit their CAP data collectively so as to be considered a single entity
for the purposes of the Phase 1 national assessment. The collective submittals demonstrated these
States' commitment to proactive dialogue for addressing regional waste management needs and
provided an opportunity for these States to not have to submit a Phase 2 CAP. This opportunity
would occur if EPA's national assessment identified projected national shortfalls but the States
submitting collectively had no projected shortfalls themselves, as demonstrated by combining their.
data.
The Agency provided States wishing to submit Phase I collectively the option to have the
Agency present their individual data in aggregate form in this Report. The Agency received two
collective submittals: one from the Western Regional Agreement, which consists of all the States in
EPA Regions 8, 9, and 10, as well as Kansas, Nebraska, and Guam, and the other from the States of
EPA Region 6. Only the States in the Western Regional Agreement asked that their data be presented
in an aggregate form. In this Report, data from participants in the Western Regional Agreement are
presented as the "Western States." All State-submitted data in CAP Tables 5 and 6 are presented in
Appendix A and Appendix B of this Report.
Data Development
The Phase 1 CAP submittals were primarily data submittals. Most States used the Biennial
Reporting System (BRS) and the methodology in the Guidance to develop their data. Biennial
Reports are completed by hazardous waste generators and treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
every two years. The types of information requested in the Biennial Report on hazardous waste
include the quantity, nature, disposition, and the efforts taken to reduce the volume and toxicity of
hazardous waste. Some States used BRS-equivalent data sources to prepare their CAPs.
EPA provided States with instructions on how to use BRS data to produce these tables in the
Agency's Using Table Talk to Prepare CAP Tables Instructions Manual (This document is available
for review in the RCRA Docket). The Table Talk Manual showed the States how to develop demand
and capacity information and categorize it into 14 hazardous waste management categories using the
BRS system type codes. A discusion of die management categories appears in Appendix E of this
Report. Following is a summary of the methodology used by most States to develop their data.
Baseyear Data
The first step in developing data for the CAP submissions was to generate what the Agency
refers to in the Guidance as "baseyear" demand and capacity data. The year 1991 is the baseyear for
most States because it is die most recent year for which States had a complete BRS database. States
manipulated the 1991 BRS data to estimate the demand for Subtitle C management capacity for on-
site, captive, and commercial systems and the available quantities of commercial Subtitle C
management capacity for the 14 CAP management categories. States that had 1992 data available
chose to use that data instead, thereby avoiding some of the baseline data adjustments described in the
following paragraph.
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Baseline Data
After obtaining their baseyear data, States had to adjust their demand and capacity data to
change it from raw data to data usable for making projections. This adjusted set of data is referred to
as baseline data and was used as the starting point for projecting future hazardous waste generation
and management. Developing baseline demand data required adjusting the baseyear data, such as
allocating the responsibility for assuring the adequacy of landfill capacity for certain treatment
residuals (e.g., incinerator ash and stabilized residues);to those States where the waste was originally
generated. Baseline capacity data did not differ from baseyear capacity data. It includes the capacity
from operational units, including those boilers and industrial furnaces (BIFs) which came under
RCRA regulation during 1991, and are operating under interim status.
1993 Projection Data
After developing their baseline data, States developed data for the first projection year, 1993.
States made projections only for recurrent wastes; States were not responsible for projecting one-time
waste demand. Because of the substantial burden developing the one-time waste projections would
have placed on the States, the Agency agreed to develop these projections. The document One-time
Waste Estimates for Capacity Assurance Planning (available in the RCRA Docket) describes the
methodologies used and the projections developed. To move from baseline to the 1993 projection
year, States adjusted both their baseline demand and commercial capacity data. The 1993 data is the
baseline data adjusted to account for:
4 the shift in the management of wastes from land disposal and land farming to
alternate management practices due to the Land Disposal Restrictions requirements
that were effective in 1992 and, consequently, not reflected in the 1991 baseyear data;
* The ultimate management of in-state wastes initially shipped to transfer/storage
facilities;
* The changes in capacity caused by commercial management facilities opening or
closing between 1991 (or 1992, for those States using 1992 data) and 1993; and
* The decreases of in-state landfill capacity to reflect the depletion of landfill capacity
over time. Unlike other forms of management, once a portion of a landfill is utilized,
this volume will continue to contain waste and not be available for use in future years.
1999 Projection Data
As recommended in the Guidance, States also developed projections for 1999. The Agency
believes that this year is the furthest year for which reasonably accurate projections from 1993 could
be made. Generally, based on Agency recommendations. States reported in their CAPs that demand
on Subtitle C management capacity and commercial Subtitle C capacity remained constant between
1993 and 1999. Changes in demand and capacity reported by the States reflect plant closures, the
completion of construction of permitted facilities, shifts in the kind of management certain wastes
receive, and the declassification of certain wastes as hazardous. As with the 1993 data, States
accounted for the depletion of landfill capacity between 1993 and 1999 and the impact of closures of
treatment and/or disposal units. States also included as capacity in the 1999 projection year other
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commercial units that are permitted, constructed, and operating partially, as well as capacity from
unopened cells in permitted landfills. Capacity from unopened cells in permitted landfills was also
included by the States in the 1993 and 2013 projection years.
2073 Projection Data
The States' 2013 projections were made to meet the requirements of CERCLA 104 (c)(9) for
a 20-year assurance. These projections were used by the Agency to conduct its national assessment.
As recommended for the 2013 projection years, States held their demand constant from the 1999
levels. States also held their maximum available commercial Subtitle C capacity constant from 1999,
again except for commercial landfill capacity, which was depleted over the projection period, or
where it was known that a commercial facility will close.
Other Information in the Phase 1 CAP Submittals
Along with the data tables, most States also included in their Phase 1 submittals a narrative
description of their current and planned waste minimization programs, written descriptions of changes
in their State hazardous waste systems since their last CAP submissions (in 1992), a discussion of
public participation efforts undertaken to inform citizens about hazardous waste planning activities,
information regarding collective State planning efforts, and a list of commercial facilities in their
State.
The 1994 CAPs and the 1991 BRS National Report
Although most States used the 1991 BRS data to prepare their 1994 CAPs, there will be
differences between the data hi the 1991 BRS National Report and the data contained in this Report
and the CAPs submitted by States. The 1991 BRS National Report data and the CAP data are not
directly comparable for the following reasons:
* The 1991 BRS National Report identifies quantities of RCRA waste generated based
upon the regulatory definition for hazardous waste and therefore excludes from any
national analysis RCRA wastes reported as managed in systems exempt from RCRA
permitting requirements. The CAP identifies the potential demand for RCRA Subtitle
C capacity and therefore, may include RCRA wastes that were shipped offsite to be
managed in systems exempt from RCRA permitting requirements.
* The BRS reports demand on capacity from wastewaters, which includes direct
discharges to a sewer and direct discharge to surface water under NPDES. Both of
these are excluded in the CAPs because they are managed in RCRA-exempt units.
* For their CAPs, States allocated "other" and "unknown" categories of BRS data to the
appropriate management categories using their best judgement or other data sources.
• Some States used information in their own State data systems (usually containing
information derived from manifests), not BRS data, to prepare their CAPs.
* The 1991 BRS Report includes data that are excluded from the CAPs, such as mixed
radioactive and hazardous waste.
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* CAP data contain the capacity from some RCRA-exempt commercial recyclers that
the BRS data does not capture.
Overview of EPA Phase 1 Activities
EPA's primary role in Phase 1 was to ensure consistency among State data so that a national
aggregation would be meaningful and evaluate the CAP methodology to identify problems with the
methodology. EPA compiled the data submitted by the States as well as other available information
and assessed the total national maximum demand on commercial Subtitle C management by CAP
Management Category for all projection years by:
(1) Aggregating State projected demand for management of recurrent waste at
commercial management systems;
(2) Reducing this sum by 10 percent1 in the year 2013 to recognize ongoing
waste minimization efforts; and
(3) Adding to this aggregation estimates of demand on commercial hazardous
waste management capacity from one-time waste generation.
Once the national aggregate demand was calculated, die Agency assessed the maximum
operational commercial capacity available nationwide by aggregating each State's Agency-adjusted
maximum capacity projected for all projection years by CAP Management Category. The Agency
then compared national demand to national supply to assess the availability of future management
capacity for hazardous wastes.
Methodology Issues
Upon reviewing the data submitted by the States, the Agency identified some issues it needed
to address before it could complete the assessment of national capacity. The following discussion
describes the issues and their resolution. Because obtaining accurate capacity estimates is difficult,
most of the resolutions err on the side of overestimating demand and underestimating capacity. In a
few situations, EPA resolved some CAP methodology issues through adjustments to specific State-
submitted data. All adjustments to specific State data are described in Appendix C. The Agency
solicits comments on the following methodology issues and associated resolutions.
Theoretical versus Practical Capacity
The Agency found that some capacity information on the "Process System" BRS forms was
not realistic for purposes of capacity assurance planning because sometimes the reported BRS capacity
was actually the maximum theoretical design capacity of the facility. To evaluate capacity for the
facilities where this happened, the Agency calculated a practical operating capacity reflecting real-time
operational limitations. Real-time operational limitations include such considerations as down-time,
1 This figure was obtained after consultation with the States as a conservative estimate of the
effects of existing waste minimization activities on the generation of recurrent wastes.
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permit restrictions, and the optimization of operation for profit.
A confounding variable to the problem of excessive reported capacity is the conversion df
estimates into consistent units of measurement. Theoretical management system design capacity
estimates are often measured in units such as British Thermal Units (BTU) per hour for incinerators
and cubic yards for landfills. Since "tonnage" was the measurement unit requested for all CAP
information, many facility capacities had to be converted to tons. This was done by making
assumptions about operating conditions and average waste characteristics. For example, when an
incinerator designed on a BTU per hour basis is converted to tons per year, assumptions about
average waste heating value and density need to be made. Often the assumptions developed assumed
ideal, not real-time operation.
To resolve the issue of theoretical versus practical capacity, the Agency compared the State-
reported capacities to other data sources (e.g., the Hazardous Waste Treatment Council Industry
Survey and the El Digest - see References section). The Agency assigned practical capacity amounts
to the facilities whose capacities differed most substantially from the data sources available to the
Agency. These facilities are noted in Appendix C.
CAP Management Categories
The CAP Management Categories "Incineration - Sludges/Solids" and "Energy Recovery -
Sludges/Solids" were developed assuming they would capture capacity only for nonpumpable wastes
(i.e., wastes that could not be injection-fed into a combustion unit); however, some liquid injection
incinerators reported in the BRS capacity for these categories as well as for "Incineration - Liquids
and Gases and "Energy Recovery - Liquids". As the Agency discovered, this double-counting
primarily occurred due to the wide interpretations of the term "sludge." To address this issue, the
Agency developed pumpable and nonpumpable categories and included in these categories the
appropriate system types.
The Agency also found that the BRS system codes for management by "Incineration" and
"Energy Recovery" were reported inconsistently by generators and combustion facilities when they
described how wastes were being managed. To address this issue for purposes of the capacity
assessment, the Agency combined the categories into the two combustion management categories -
Combustion - pumpable and Combustion - nonpumpable. The Agency is specifically taking comment
on the appropriateness of combining these management categories.
Effects of Regulatory Changes on Capacity
The CAP methodology only incorporates EPA regulations finalized by 1992. In order to
conduct a broader capacity assessment, the Agency reviewed the major EPA regulatory developments
since 1992 that may effect capacity. This review indicates that the not-yet-proposed Hazardous Waste
Identification Rulemaking (HWIR) and the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) rulemakings probably
would have the most impact on Subtitle C waste management.
HWIR is an ongoing Agency effort which, if finalized, may modify the definition of
hazardous waste. HWIR may decrease the demand from one-time and recurrent wastes on
commercial Subtitle C capacity. HWIR probably will encompass two proposals. "HWIR-waste"
could modify certain regulations regulating "listed" hazardous waste. Certain current regulations,
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including the "mixture" and "derived-from" rules, apply to listed wastes.regardless of the
concentration and the mobility of toxicants in the wastes, thereby regulating certain low risk waste, in
particular, treatment residuals. The modifications could establish exemption standards for these low
risk listed hazardous waste. Additionally, the exempted wanes would no longer be subject to some of
the hazardous waste management requirements. "HWIR-media" could modify the regulations for
media contaminated with hazardous wastes (analogous to one-time wastes). This modification could
allow media contaminated with hazardous wastes that have low concentrations of hazardous
constituents to be regulated under rules less stringent than Subtitle C.
Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) regulations set treatment standards for the disposal of
hazardous wastes. EPA has developed six major LDR rulemakings to date. Most recently, the
Agency's LDR Phase II rule (59 FR 47982) set treatment standards for wastes that have been
identified as characteristically hazardous due to the presence of 25 organic constituents identified in
the recent toxicity characteristic (TC) rule, coke and coke by-product wastes, cholorotoluene wastes
and soil contaminated with the above listed wastes. Since the majority of these wastes contain organic
constituents, the combustion technologies are most likely to be affected by this new rulemaking (see
discussion later in this Report for our assessment.)
Demand from Wastes Generated by Small Quantity Generators
States were not asked to account for the demand from small quantity generators (SQGs) in
their CAPs because SQGs are not required by federal law to complete a Biennial Report form.
Although most States cannot gamer SQG information from their State BRS data bases, EPA was able
to obtain estimates of the demand on commercial management from SQGs using the BRS National
Oversight Database2. EPA identified the generators of waste that was received by commercial
hazardous waste management facilities in 1991 by examining the commercial waste management
facilities' Biennial Report Waste Received (WR) forms. The Agency deleted from this list the
generators who reported on the Biennial Report Information and Certification (1C) forms that they
were large quantity generators or did not generate hazardous waste in 1991. The Agency then used
information from commercial facilities who reported receiving waste from the remaining list of
generators (i.e., the potential SQGs) to determine how SQG wastes were managed. This analysis
showed that SQG wastes comprise only about one percent of all hazardous wastes received by
commercial treatment facilities nationally.
Demand from Nonhazardous Wastes
Along these same lines, many States were unable to obtain the demand from nonhazardous
waste from their State BRS databases. Nonhazardous refers to those wastes not characterized as State
hazardous nor defined as RCRA hazardous. The overall trend for nonhazardous wastes is that it is
being disposed increasingly in Subtitle D instead of Subtitle C landfills.
While the demand for capacity from nonhazardous waste varies considerably by CAP
Management Category, the demand from nonhazardous wastes as it relates to assessment of future
capacity primarily affects the landfill CAP management category since landfill capacity depletes
2 The BRS National Oversight Database is maintained by EPA and contains BRS data from all
states, including those that do not use the Biennial Report Frorms.
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overtime. EPA was able to estimate landfill demand from nonhazardous waste by talking with the
treatment industry and using estimates found in literature (see column titled: "Non-RCRA Industrial
Wastes" in Table VI).
Demand from Mixed Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes
States were not asked to report future demand estimates for mixed hazardous and radioactive
wastes because the development of management capacity for these wastes involves overcoming the
many difficult technical problems involved in the treatment and transportation of these wastes in
addition to concerns about human exposure to radiation. EPA believes that it is inappropriate to
assess these difficult-to-treat wastes as part of the CAP process and believes that a new planning
exercise required by the Federal Facility Compliance Act will ensure that the wastes are properly •
managed. The Agency will monitor the effectiveness of the planning process that will be used to
implement the Federal Facility Compliance Act as a substitute for addressing mixed waste in the CAP
process.
Economic Effects on Capacity
Finally, States did not account for industrial growth or decline by projecting the impact of
economic changes on waste generation and management due to questions regarding the accuracy of
currently available projection methods. EPA also did not consider economic effects in its assessment
because it has not formulated a methodology to accurately incorporate the effects of economics on
waste generation over a 20-year timeframe. EPA will continue to investigate this issue as it pertains
to hazardous waste management planning.
Discussion of National Data Aggregated by EPA
The following tables, which appear on pages 16-21 of the Report, reflect EPA's aggregation
of the State-submitted data tables. Again, the Agency adjusted some of the State-submitted capacity
data. These adjustments appear in Appendix C.
Table I, titled "1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Hazardous Waste Generated and
Managed On Site" shows a national aggregation of 1991 baseyear demand data for waste managed
onsite. This table consists of data from the summation of States' CAP Table 1.
Table II, titled "1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Management of Hazardous Waste
in Captive Systems" presents States' CAP Table 2 data aggregated nationally. This information was
obtained by summing the quantities reported by States as wastes generated and managed in-state at
captive facilities with the quantities of waste that are exported to captive facilities in other States.
Captive facilities are facilities owned by the same company as the off-site generator. Their capacity
can only be used by generators under the same ownership or by generators with whom the facility has
an agreement to manage their waste.
Table III, titled "1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Management of Hazardous Waste
in Commercial Systems" reports data direct from the State-submitted CAP Tables 3 and 4. These
data were used as the starting point in developing projections. National demand figures for the
baseyear were calculated by adding exports to wastes generated and managed in-state from State-
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submitted CAP Table 3 and summing the maximum operational in-state commercial management from
State-submitted CAP Table 4.
Table IV, titled "National Baseline and Projected Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste
Management Capacity" reports aggregated State demand for commercial capacity. This table sums
the baseyear and projections recurrent waste demand data as reported by the States in their CAP
Table 5 with Agency adjustments. Attached in Appendix A are the individual State-submitted tables
showing this information. Also included in Table IV ate the one-time waste estimates nationally
aggregated for each projection year.
Table V, titled "National Baseline and Projected National Commercial Subtitle C Management
Capacity" shows capacity data for the baseline and projection years submitted by States in their CAP
Table 6 with Agency adjustments (which appear in Appendix Q. Appendix B contains the individual
State-submitted tables showing this information. Also, Appendix D lists the commercial management
facilities that provide this capacity to the nation.
National Assessment of Future Capacity
Table VI, titled "National Capacity Assessment of Projected Remaining Commercial Subtitle
C Capacity Not Utilised by Hazardous Wastes" shows in the first column maximum available
commercial capacity from Table V minus the demand for 2013 from Table IV. The second, third,
and fourth columns estimate the impact of the additional increases in demand not accounted for in the
CAP approach. The Land Disposal Restrictions Phase II rulemaking, Small1 Quantity Generators, and
Industrial Subtitle D wastes will all place additional demand on capacity. The final column shows the
Agency's assessment of future capacity when considering the impacts of future Agency regulatory
activities and the impact of waste demand not included in the State CAPs.
Assessment of New Rulemakings on Projected National Capacity
Although the LDR Phase II rulemaking will probably increase the demand for all treatments,
the solids combustion category will be most affected by this rulemaking. Table VI indicates that
based on information made available with that rulemaking that there will still exist sufficient
combustion capacity for managing the hazardous wastes expected to be generated nationwide. In the
next few years, the LDR program plans to finalize Phase HI and Phase IV rulemakings. Both these
rulemakings may increase the need'for treatment capacity; however, EPA anticipates that future
increases in demand for treatment of hazardous wastes due ito the impact of the LDR program may be
offset by the impact of HWIR. Regardless of the impact of the LDR Phase II and HWIR
rulemakings, EPA believes the States have shown for the purpose of CERCLA 104 (c) (9) that there
exists adequate capacity nationwide through 2013.
Assessment of EPA Demand Estimates on Projected National Gipadty
Although information on SQG waste could not be extracted from most individual States'
databases, an analysis of the 1991 national BRS data showed that the demand from SQGs accounts for
only I percent of the total demand on commercial Subtitle C management across all CAP
Management Categories. The percentage contribution of SQGs on demand varies by CAP
Management Category but is generally less than 4 percent of the total waste managed in each
category. The Agency accounted for national demand fromi SQGs on commercial Subtitle C capacity
13
-------
by using percentage estimates from the 1991 BRS National Oversight Database demand data submitted
by the States in their CAPs.
During the development of the GAP Guidance, several States raised concerns about the
demand being placed on commercial facilities by non-RCRA, non-state hazardous waste. The Agency
has found, based on a trade journal study, that about 20 percent of the waste going to landfills is
neither RCRA nor State-hazardous. Again, however, this demand is more than covered by the
available capacity, as can be seen in Table VI.
Conclusions
Based on its analysis of the data in this report, the Agency believes sufficient national capacity
for the management of hazardous waste exists through 2013. EPA will utilize this assessment,
together with other data that becomes available, in evaluating whether the assurance requirement of
CERCLA 104 (c)(9) has been met when entering into a contract or cooperative agreement with States.
Although EPA believes there is sufficient national capacity through 2013, States and regional
groupings of States should continue management planning activities to assist EPA in ensuring that
adequate capacity exists in the future. Further hazardous waste planning efforts may be important to
a State for a number of reasons, including furthering and updating States' knowledge of their
hazardous waste management systems, helping to implement waste minimization programs, and
encouraging companies to replace inefficient treatment technologies with safer and more innovative
technologies.
The CAP data indicate the existence of adequate national capacity but also indicate that in the
future States may not be self-sufficient in waste management capacity. While each State is assured
adequate access to waste treatment and disposal capacity through 2013, there will always exist the
potential for unforeseen circumstances (e.g., new federal regulations, State taxes on management,
State limitations on landfills, and changing market conditions) that could affect the future availability
of management capacity. Currently, the dynamics of the hazardous waste market are a definite factor
in determining how waste management in this country develops. Nationally, the industry is
consolidating and restructuring because of economics. Thus, there is no guarantee that the current
surpluses of hazardous waste management capacity will continue to exist. These factors necessitate
continual monitoring of the hazardous waste universe through State planning activities.
EPA recognizes that many States included as available capacity for 2013 facilities that were
not in full-scale commercial operation or were operating under interim status hi 1993. Although the
inclusion of such facilities in CAPs may be seen as evidence of a commitment to bring these facilities
on-line or grant them part B permits, EPA does not believe this to be the case. Capacity planning is
intended to project into the future based on historical data and current knowledge. Including
management facilities not yet fully operational or operating under interim status does not imply a
State certification or intention that these facilities will receive their permits or become fully
operational but rather is an attempt to evaluate future capacity based on the information representing
waste management today. Once again, the dynamics of management planning require updated
information to be submitted periodically to best reflect the reality of hazardous waste management
practices. In the years to come, States and the Agency will continue to reanalyze capacity
information, removing facilities that have dropped from the permitting process. Accordingly, although
the Agency believes the information presented hi this draft Report accurately portrays the adequacy of
future management capacity, the Agency will continue to collect and evaluate data to ensure that the
14
-------
requirements of CERCLA 104 (c)(9) are satisfied.
15
-------
r
Table I:
1991 National Baftyaar Data Repffsetiting Hiwrdou* Wasta Genwated and Minsgod On Site
-------
Table II:
1991 National Baseyear Data Representing RManagement of Hazardous Waste in Captive Systems
Hinntau Wistamlan mt 8hrf|M Tmtnwnt
-------
Table 111:
1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Management of Hazardous Waste in Commercial Systems (tons)
CAP Maj«0f uwnt Oiitopry ' f- ? J
, J?-V 5
*...'.....t. , "
RECOVERY
Metals Recovery
Inorganics Recovery
Organics Recovery
TREATMENT
Stabilization/Chemical Fixation
Combustion • Pumpable
Combustion • Nonpumpable
Fuel Blending
Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment
DISPOSAL
Landfill
Deepwell/Underground Injection
Land Treatment/Farming
TRANSFER/STORAGE
Transfer/Storage
Ownin
Rwurmrt
jf f
s •* j. ••
800,000
100,000
610,000
f ff
480,000
1,200,000
250,000
740,000
2,900,000
*• '•""•,•.
1,300,000
860,000
8,500
"
2,000,000
',
t
%m-\m9
X f j
2,300
8,400
12,000
f e
\ .f
80,000
23,000
27,000
29,000
74,000
A s •"
'•••
1,000,000
12,000
400
3,100 |
._
Maxiipurn Operational
Commercial Subtitle C
Manaqwtfl P«p«city
AvsiUble End of 1991
2,000,000
450,000
2,400,000
5,100,000
3,800,000
1,100,000
4,200,000
39,000,000
-
43,000,000
3,300,000
0
"•*""^~~^— - ^-..
-------
Table IV:
National Baseline and Projected Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Management Capacity (tons)
.
f
CAP MaRageffleat C«f aj)fi*£ vv
" sV
' r* s 5
RECOVERY
Metals Recovery
inorganics Recovery
Organics Recovery
TREATMENT
Stabilization/Chemical
Fixation
Combustion • Pumpable
Combustion • Nonpumpable
Fuel Blending
Hazardous Wastewaters and
Sludges Treatment
DISPOSAL
Landfi
DeepwelljUnderground
Injection
Land Treatment/Farming
TRANSFER/STORAGE
Transfer/Storage
Bis»lin»
{199D
;
800,000
100,000
610,000
'
500,000
1,200,000
250,000
740,000
2,900,000
f
1,600,000
830,000
7,000
Demand for Comnureial Subtitle C Managament Capacity
\m
Racurrftnt
-
820,000
86,000
590,000
~ si
600,000
1,200,000
270,000
830,000
3,200,000
1
1,600,000
700,000
Ow-tima
*•
\
s
/
•. '" f
370,000
210,000
* '
11 s'
s % \*
n 'jff-
* '
240,000
"•"'
' 1399
iwuirnrrt
.
800,000
96,QQQ
590,000
'
600,000
1,200,000
270,000
830,000
3,200,000
s •. -"^ f
1,600,000
700,000
ItaHfURR
'
-
/ ',"-
4
fr ..
820,000
%
350,000
-.
f •"
f f
f f f
280.000
' '
2913
Recurrent
*•
800,000
96,000
590,000
600,000
1,200,000 '
270,000
830,000
3,200,000
'
1,600,000
700,000
Oni4imB
790,000
300,000
'
230,000
f •.
.. i.-- f ^
> A
50,000
1 s
-------
Table V:
National Baseline and Projected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity (tons)
CAP HwufHiwBt Catogf?? £^> , - -
RECOVERY
Metals Recovery
Inorganics Recovery
Organics Recovery
TREATMENT
Stabilization/Chemical Fixation
Combustion • Pumpable
Combustion • Monpomptbte
FiMlBkntag
Haiardous Waitewaters and Sludges
Treatment
DISPOSAL
Landfill
Deepwell/Underground Injection
Land Treatment/Farming
TRANSFER/STORAGE
Transfer/Storage
Basflfn* (1891)
2,000,000
440,000
2,400,000
'.." " ••' - > \
6,100,000
2.900,000
1.100.000
4.200.000
39,000,000
- - ;
45,000,000
3,300,000
0
MiXiDW In «tato Coroiweial Subtitl* 0 M«nagomsnt Cipidty
- ' 1883 "'
^ / f f f-\
1,900,000
370,000
2,400,000
I. ? ....:.. "•• -•'• "
8,000,000
2,700,000
1,100,000
4.300,000
42,000,000
* '
*" >• v
49,000,000
3,300,000
1S99
f ^ ' f f
1,800,000
. 370,000
2,400,000
\ f
•:•
8,100,000
2,800,000
1,300,000
4,300,000
44,000,000
•.
. 49,000,000
3,300,000
\ ^ ' "* ' '
** •; "• \ "• "* •.
*m, •
7*'? ':
1,800,000
370,000
2,400,000
% "•
8,100,000
2,900,000
1,300,000
4,300,000
44,000,000
45,000,000
3,300,000
-_ <: - - " , •*' , - v- %- ;
j- f
-------
Table VI:
National Capacity Assessment of Projected Remaining Commercial Subtitle C Capacity Not Utilized by Hazardous Wastes
and Additional Demand Estimates Not Incorporated Into State-Submitted Data (tons)
/•^ ',
<• ' t 5
: " * „./- >\ -\ ;
- - *' s '' * " * * ' " " " " " " , ; ''" '.
"- 0|f Pi»i|f^f nKJitepnf ,; "f;«.
^ , < ' 'V*'(^; * . ^'\$\
. %•• •• ' . %•• \ :
., ' f A :
RECOVERY
Metals Recovery
inorganics Recovery
Organics Recovery
TREATMENT
Stabilization/Chemical Fixation
Combustion • Pumpable
Combustion • Nonpumpable
Fuel Blending
Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment
DISPOSAL
Landfill
DeepweUfUnderground Injection
Projwted '
Bomflining
Camm«reJ«l
Subti^C
CipaoityflGt
W»lk»dljy
Hn^oiK
4 * ^INUi
^ mm
f i
1,100,000
280.000
1,900,000
"•
6,700,000
1,800,000
770,000
3,500,000
41,000,000
'
26,000,000
2,600,000
;
E*tiffl«t$d Add;tion«l Osmond lor Sufctjtb $ Cnmmwial Capacity ^
•* * * >
^ * '
• faftff ft/Offtf$f.
jfei$&ifo»f
{PhwittfyW
'% >
No Estimate
No Estimate
No Estimate
:
No Estimate
11,000
400,000
No Estimate
No Estimate
%
No Estimate
No Estimate
Smalt Quwitity
3j&w#t&ft
' \
Negligible
2,000 (2%)
6,000(1%)
••
6,100 (1%)
12,000 (1%)
24,000 (4%)
8.400 |1%)
32,000 (1%)
^ $
18,000 (1%) annually,
360,000 20-year total
Negligible
HwMRK ladttstrisl
Wiita*
<•'
42,000 (5%)
No Estimate
480,000 (35%)
19,000 (3%)
79,000 (6%)
36,000(6%)
No Estimate
2.000,000 (39%)
460,000 (20%) annually,
9,200,000 20-year total
250.000 (26%)
=— — — -___ ^___ _^_^_^__
A»«es«ment of
th« Continued
Availability of
Proj«ctedl
Subtitle C
Commefcial
Capflcity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
-------
References
Guidance for Capacity Assurance Planning, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response. OSWER Directive 9010.02, May 1993
One-Time Waste Estimates for Capacity Assurance Planning, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, OSWER Directive 530-R-94-002, August 1994
Using Table Talk to Prepare CAP Tables, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, OSWER, October 1992
Background Document for Capacity Analysis for Land Disposal Restrictions Phase II - Universal
Treatment Standards, and Treatment Standards for Organic Toxicity Characteristic Wastes and Other
Newty Listed Wastes, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, August 1994
Hazardous Waste Treatment Council 1993 Survey of Commercial Hazardous Waste Incineration
Capacity, in Phase II Background Document cited above
El Digest, April 1993
Federal Facility Compliance Act, P.L. 102-386
-------
Appendix A
23
-------
Demand Data Submitted by States
** reCUrrent demand on «"™ercial Subtitle C
-b.es are
24
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Metals Recovery Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
BVBVVBVBBVnBWBVBVB
State
Florida
minou
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
MaaaadMecHa
Michigan
Minaeaota
Miuuaippi
Miaaouri
BBBHKB
Baseline
12,109
17,995
4,101
4,952
1
15,672
8,591
31,097
41,914
1,716
10,828
13,260
S42
3,345
3,466
19,469
17,142
510
13,923
^aataaif.aaaaaaeaaaxei
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
12,869
17,995
4,133
5,060
2
15,683
9,360
46,709
41,916
1,716
10,828
13,578
542
3,434
3,466
19,634
17,234
510
13,945
1999
12,869
17,995
4,133
5,060
2
15,683
9,360
46,709
41,916
1,716
10,828
13,578
542
3,434
3,466
19,694
17,234.
510
13,945
2*19
12,869
17,995
4,133
5,060
2
15,683
9,360
46,709
41,916
1,716
10,828
13,578
542
3,434
3,466
19,694
17,234
510
13,945
•BBBBBBHHHB
State
New Hampatuie
NewJeney
New Mexico
New York
North Carotins
Ohio
Oklahoma
Peaoaytvania
Puerto Rico
South Carolina
Tenaeaaee
Texaa
Vermont
Virgina
Wcsi Virginia
Wiaooaain
Weatern Statea
JIHS'J ^L UL
BBVBVBBBl
Baseline
2,702
29,237
48
18,310
3,984
50,441
44,824
111,334
47,110
2,328
12,891
37,620
•74,800
25,183
8,996
1,358
1,945
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
2,757
35,561
50
18,560
4,083
50,912
1 44,824 '
111,338
47,118
2,424
12,892
37,642
75,800
25,280
8,996
1,475
1,972
1999
2,630
35,561
50
18,560
4,083
50,912
' 44,824
111,338
47,119
2,424
12,892
37,642
75,800
244
8,996
1,475
1,972
102,996
- r > £** *<
2013
2,630
35,561
SO
18,560
4,083
50,912
'44,824
111,338
47,118
2,424
12,892
37,642
75,800
244
8,996
1,475
1,972
102,996
r'^wflt
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Inorganics Recovery
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Arkanau
Delaware
Florida
Indiana
atoe
Maryland
MatuchusetU
Michigan
Minnesota
MiMunppi
Missouri
m=s=msatss==amafamm
Baseline
333
4,901
2
4
505
799
14,702
19,071
10
61
32
27
458
723
13,583
222
2
301
tmmaammmma
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
334
4,901
2
37
511
814
9,645
19,071
10
61
32
27
609
723
13,583
222
2
313
OBBaBMMB
1999
334
4,901
2
37
511
814
9,645
19,071
10
61
32
27
609
723
13,583
222
2
313
•BBBaOBB
2013
334
4,901
2
37
511
814
9,654
19,071
10
61
r 32
••^•••••••••••M^K
27
••"••"••••M^MM
609
723
13,583
222
•^••••(^•••MM
2
313
HBMMBBR
State
New HaiDpabire
New Jeney
New Mexico v
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode laland
South Carolina
TenncMee
Texaa
Vermont
Virgin*
Wert Virginia
•vuconem
Western State*
vx fff % }i , %y-.^
Basdke
345
1,422
34
460
51
11,786
457
338
117
2
117
0
1,650
0
140
337
153
27,123
£!&*&
Demand (or Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
346
1,422
34
460
51
11,786
457
338
117
2
117
0
1,650
0
140
337
153
27,131
, ^ »" 5-
1999
346
1,422
34
460
51
11,786
457
338
117
2
117
0
1,650
0
140
337
153
27,131
^ < '
2tl3
346
1,422
34
460
51
11,786
457
338
117
2
117
0
1,650
0
140
337
153
27,131
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Organics Recovery Expected to be Generated In State (loin)
•••••••••••
Stale
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Dlinoia
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
MwytM.1
MmiinJHiialai
MiohifM
MuwMoto
Miaaianppi
Miaaouri
BBMBMBBl
Baseline
5,725
1,804
2,805
4,259
. 7
23.117
6,624
36,138
18,667
2,304
7,967
17,095
1.115
1.8*8
28,560
51,954
6,245
2,871
8,848
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
5,725
1,804
3,140
4,259
8
23,157
6,650
32247
18,667
2,375
7,967
17.207
1.115
5,404
8^60
58,954
6,245
2,871
8,878
1999
5,725
1,804
3,140
4,259
8
23,157
6,650
32,247
18,667
2,375
7,967
17,207
1,115
3.404
8.560
58.954
6,245
2,871
8,878
2013
5,725
1,804
3,140
4,259
8
23,157
6,650
32,247
18,667
2,375
7,967
17,207
1,115
3.404
8,560
58,954
6,245
2,871
8,878
BOEsamsosacss
State
NewJeney
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Penaaytvani*
Puerto
Rico
Rhode Iiland
South Carolina
Tenneaiee
Texaa
Vermont
VirginA
Weat Virginia
Wiaconaia
tyeteraStatM
-US
\*T8fiSfiaH
iffi
tsBSsasa
Baseline
56,975
169
12,750
5,726
39,590
7,081
18,573
6,338
235
10,483
3.381
50,300
1.264
3,472
3,031
12,509
142,182
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
56,975
211
12,720
5,726
39,729
7,081
• 18,573
6,338
235
10.483
3.435
50,500
1.413
3,472
3.031
12,509
143,579
1999
56,975
211
12,720
5,726
39,729
7,081
18,573
6,338
235
10.413
1.435
50400
Ml?
3,472
3,031
12,509
143,579
2013
56,975
211
12,720
5,726
39,729
7,081
18,573
6,338
235
10.411
3.4)1
50.500
1,411
3,472
3,031
12,509
143,579
shSP'Xi
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Energy Recovery - Uqukk EipcctMl t« bt Giiurattd Im Mat*
(tons)
Sate
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
Diitnct of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
MuaiMtppi
Mioaouri
iOSHBUaOBMBMBRinaMI
Baseline
19,193
12,258
176
0
11,790
6,378
68,183
44,515
378
61,958
32,504
359
877
1,814
56,651
1,007
1,599
135,806
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
• C Management Capacity
1993
19,194
13,202
176
0
11,963
6,392
37,734
44,515
378
61,958
32,504
359
878
1,814
56,651
1,007
1,607
1999
56,917
19,194
13,202
176
0
11,963
6,392
37,734
44,515
378
61,958
32,504
359
878
1,814
56,651
1,007
1,607
MBmoBB
2013
56,917
19,194
13,202
176
0
11,963
6,392
37,734
44,515
378
61,958
32,504
359
878
1,814
56,651
1,007
1,607
•EOBBmB
State
New Hampshire
NewJeney
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina ,
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode laland
South Carolina
Teaneaaee
Texaa
Vermont
Virgin*
Weat Virginia
Wiaconaia
Western Statea
'^^^^^•^^••»aBBBB^^BWsai^siBBBB»B»B»i]
BtseEoe
124
93,244
137
3,680
15,062
79,714
11,343
14,737
1,549
937
26,763
744
96,3/00
15
7,388
336
48,061
78,848
Demand for CMunercut Subtitle
C Managememt Capacity
1993
579
93,244
137
• 3,990
15,062
79,714
11,343
14,737
. 1,549
937
26,763
744
102,000
51
7,388
336
48,061
78,989
^^&£^^^^m^^
1999
576
93,244
137
3,990
15,062
79,714
11,343
14,737
1,549
937
26,763
744
102,000
51
7,388
336
48,061
78,989
2«13
576
93,244
137
3,990
15,042
79,714
11,343
14,737
1,549
937
26,763
744
102,000
51
7,388
336
48,061
78,989
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Energy Recovery - Sludges/Solids
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkanaaa
Connecticut
Delaware
Diibict of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
lUiaou
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Lou Irian*
Maine
Maiyland
KJ....^..^.
Michigan
Minnesota
MiscuiMppi
Missouri
Baseline
1,655
35
807
457
0
158
3,419
13,955
740
129
5,091
9,905
29
27
375
953
147
82
4,580
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
1,655
36
807
457
0
170
3,755
2,589
740
129
5,081
9,905
29
30
375
953
147
82
4,580
1999
1,556
36
807
457
0
170
3,755
2,589
740
129
5,081
9,905
29
30
375
953
147
82
4,580
2013
1,556
36
807
457
0
LTD
3,755
2,589
740
129
5,081
9,905
29
30
375
953
147
82
4,580
State
New Hampshire
New Jeney
New Mexico
NewYoik
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Maud
South Carolina
Tenoeaaee
Texas
Vermont
Virjsss
We* Virginia
Wiacooaia
Western States
Baseline
3,800
7"
390
. 129
7,132
5,382
1,329
15
29
531
193
13,200
35
94
383
8,088
7,238
JiHE
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
3,800
7
340
129
7,154
5,382
1,329
15
29
531
193
19,600
618
94
383
8,088
7,246
^*C%»
1999
3,800
7
340
129
7,154
5,382
1,329
15
29
531
193
19.6JW
618
94
383
8,088
7,246
•^••<7?]
2613
3,800
7
340
129
7,154
5,382
1,329
15
29
531
193
19,600
618
94
383
8,088
7,246
.,% X,..
-------
r
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Stabilization - Chemical Fixation
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Aiiunws
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Uliaoia
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky .
Louinana
Maia*
Mafykarf
MaaaackHMM
Michigan
BaseUne
4,348
1,049
13,738
339
59
3,779
3,536
32,742
14,922
1,814
6,202
S.IM
4.001
1.250
12,273
45,412
3,330
1,420
1,164
Deauad for CommtnM SubtlUe
C Miiucamt Capacity
1993
4,524
1,050
13,741
339
59
3,935
4,571
23,711
100,790
1,844
6,202
16.413
4.008
1.309
2,273
46,757
3,403
1,429
1,192
1999
4,524
1,050
13,741
339
59
3,935
4,571
23,711
100,790
1,844
6,202
16,413
4,008-
1,309
2,273
46,757
3,403
1,429
1,192
2113
4,524
1,050
• 13,741
< 339
• 59
3,935
4,571
23,711
100,790
1,844
6,202
16,413
4,008
1,309
2,273
46,757
3,403
1,429
1,192
State
New Hajopafiiro
Newlcney
New Mexico
NewYoric
North Carolina
Ohio
Ottahona
Peaocyhraaia
Puerto Rko
Rhode labnd
South Carolina
TenaeMee
Texas
Veratoot
Virpaa
We* Virginia
Wi.coo.tn
WeMera State*
ilSSIH«lil
•a*efbe
1,045
48,861
26
24,210
. 1,694
45,137
987
49,102
96
4,841
19,675
3,723
67.700
149
2,454
1,609
5,087
64,564
DnuMl for Owmerclal SubOUe
C Maoa* oM*t Capacity
1993
1,140
52,270
26
24,240
2,006
46,558
1,153
51,228
109
• 5,035
19,823
3,901
70,200
1,281
2,674
7,085
5,106
72,019
1999
1,139
52,270
26
24,240
2,006
46,558
1,153
51,228
109
5,035
19,823
3,901
70,200
1,281*
2,674
7,085
5,106
72,019
' ?%* *j.
2»13
1,139
52,270
26
24,240
2,006
46,558
1,153
51,228
109
5,035
19,823
3,901
70,200
1,281
2.674
7,085
5,106
72,019
S^T
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Incineration - Liquids/Gases Expected to be Generated In State
(tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
Diatrict of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
IOWA
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Midugan
Minnesota
Mittuaqipi
Missouri
Baseline
5,161
890
4,591
1,836
130
694
8,108
4,718
5,540
895
6,348
5,423
903
2,439
3,64$
3,677
942
3,090
5,476
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
5,161
1,828
4,593
1,836
154
822
8,323
7,354
5,789
930
6,348
5,423
903
4,878
3,546
3,677
942
3,090
5,550
1999
4,234
1,828
4,593
1,836
154
822
8,323
7,354
5,789
930
6,348
5,423
903
4,878
3,646
3,677
942
3,090
5,500
2913
4,234
1,828
4,593
1,836
154
822
8,323
7,354
5,789
930
6,348
5,423
903
4,878
3,646
3,677
942
3,090
5,500
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pednsylvama
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgin
We* Virginia
Wisconsin
Western Slates
,C^|rFX
\rf- Vy"- S^fMi
BaaeEne
360
17,168
396
7,910
4,565
22,567
276
13,059
11,316
1,037
5,031
3,162
61,900
228
2,513
9,928
5,678
15,717
Demand for Commerci
C Management Cti
1993
832
17,168
400
8,020
4,565
28,362
276
13,059
11,317
1,037
5,358
3,170
61,900
513
2,925
10,396
5,678
15,980
flff^7
1999
820
17,168
400
8,020
4,565
28,362
276
13,059
11,317
1,037
5,358
3,170
61,900
513
2,925
10,396
5,678
15,980
;, }
al Subtitle
pad*
2013
820
17,168
400
8,020
4,565
28,362
276
13,059
11,317
1.037
5,358
3,170
61,900
513
2,925
10,396
5,678
15,980
' /s?,s, -' ..
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Incineration - Sludges/Solids Expected to be Generated In State
(tons)
State
Alabama
Ariunu*
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Muwuappi
Baseline
1,863
497
1,613
859
32
756
1,791
6,792
8,854
161
2,566
8,984
147
3,774
2,438
4,010
985
1,030
1,182
DenuiDd for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
1,863
497
1,725
859
42
821
2,350
18,030
• 8,934
179
, 2,566
9,371
147
4,383
2,438
4,010
1,001
1,046
1,755
1999
1,706
497
1,725
859
42
821
2,350
18,030
8,934
179
2,566
9,371
147
3,878
2,438
4,010
1,001
1,046
1,755
2613
1,706
497
1,725
' 859
42
821
2,350
18,030
8,934
179
2,566
9,371
147
4,878
2,438
4,010
1,001
1,046
1,755
Slate
*
New Hampshire
Newleney
New Mexico
NewYofk
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Iiland
South Carolina "
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
Weal Virginia
Wisconsin
Western State*
#v:^*\*3S32s
Baadae
268
9,896
1,021
3,150
1,770
'6,286
1,714
5,861
3,629
278
4,045
434
43,700
660
5,137
1,042
1,191
23,793
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
565
9,896
1,021
3,320
1,770
6,539
1,714
8,099
3,629
278
4,045
457
46,800
928
5,137
1,042
1,191
24,774
1999
563
9,896
1,021
3,320
1,770
6,539
1,714
8,099
3,629
278
4.04S
4S7
46.MO
928
5,137
1,042
1,191
24,774
„„,„,,,,,„?„„
2013
563
9,896
1,021
3,320
1,770
6,539
1,714
8,099
3.629
278
4.04)
4S7
46.800
928
5,137
1,042
1.191
24,774
s % v •• J
II*
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent ftid Blending Expected to b*
I" **•
\w
Sute
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
lUinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Minianppi
Missouri
Baseline
100,236
9,578
11,907
1,344
0
6,537
17,714
27,634
52,923
6,627
10,381
15,226
752
3,289
5,001
61,656
3,440
5,983
24,810
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
100,236
9,579
11,907
1,344
11
6,660
17,749
103,903
52,923
6,645
10,381
15,226
752
4,107
5,001
61,656
3,440
5,983
24,851
1999
99,852
9,579
11,907
1,344
11
6,660
17,749
103,903
52,923
6,645
10,381
15,226
752
4,107
5,001
61,656
3,440
5,983
24,851
2013
99,852
9,579
11,907
1,344
11
6,660
17,749
103,903
52,923
6,645
10,381
15,226
752
4,107
5,001
61,656
. 3,440
5,983
24,851
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Wand
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
west Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
v •? .. ft * ' ^ ^ ^
f irtiiiiiinmil HiiiiiiilifiiMiii
Baseline
93,518
699
13,960
10,309
34,318
2,523
25,754
13,322
847
9,420
11,791
74,900
890
5,420
4,755
46,928
27,571
'**$&$&
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
93,518
714
13,860
10,309
34,668
2,523
25,754
13,322
847
9,420
11,988
80,600
1,081
5,420
4,755
46,928
29,559
x sv '
iiiiiiii'i'imrniiii
1999
93,518
714
13,860
10,309
34,668
2,523
25,754
13,322
847
9,420
11,988
80,600
1,081
5,420
4,755
46,928
29,559
,' i "
2013
93,511
714
13,860
10,309
34,668
2,523
25,754
13,322
847
9.420
, 11,988
80,600
1,081
5,420
4,755
46,928
29,559
-
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Hazardous Wastefraters and Sludges Treatment
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkanwu
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
miaou
Iowa
Louuriana
Maaaachuwlta
MiKiwippi
Baseline
8,696
602
21,949
2,299
70
2,800
5,372
119,128
202,577
3,529
11,201
2,516
904
25,689
15,141
118,161
9,280
12,223
28,925
mtmmmmm
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
68,746
1,531
30,992
2,395
76
. 3,591
7,923
142,511
263,180
3,529
11,201
11,151
909
28,095
5,141
119,643
9,326
12,223
30,337
1999
68,746
1,531
30,992
2,395
76
3,591
7,923
142,511
263,180
3,529
11,201
11,151
909
28,095
5,141
119,643
9,326
12,223
30,337
2*13
68,746
1,531
30,992
2,395
76
3,591
7,923
142,511
263,180
3,529
11,201
11,151
909
28,095
5,141
119,643
9,326
12,223
30,337
••••••••
State
New Hamptfaire
New Jeney
New Mexico
NewYoifc
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Penacyrvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Wand
South Carolina
Tenoeaaee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
We* Virginia
WiacoMU
Weatera States
^&.L^&M$W'
^^^^^^^^^^^Hi^HBBIHBBi
Bajeine
1,040
1,033,620
181
118,060
.8,109
195,257
8,509
203,348
410,780
3,238
33,266
19,144
11,800
848
8,720
11,782
86,886
185,210
Donaid for Grauamitl Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
2,452
1,033,620
390
119,960
8,453
200,241
27,910
204,513
410,837
3,343
34,087
19,225
11,800
1,306
8,960
11,856
87,186
211,483
J^.rST:" '•
1999
2,372
1,033,620
390
119,960
8,453
200,241
27,910
204,513
410,837
3,343
34,087
19,225
11,800
1,306
8,960
11,856
87,186
211,483
y^-T-"
<>•.' C? J^v. v
2913
2,372
1,033,620
390
119,960
8,453
200,241
27,910
204,513
410,837
3,343
34,087
19,225
11,800
1,306
8960
11,856
87,186
211,483
r^" ;
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Landfill Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
AricanBU
Connecticut
Delaware
District of CoAimbia
Florida
Georgia
niiooM
Indians
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
MMMcfcttMtfe
Mccfcigsn
Minnesota
Muuitippi
Muaoun
Baseline
22,479
46,800
29,253
2,248
US
11,151
16,437
•7,518
7,980
6,537
24,671
30,103
6.180
3.634
26,912
85,399
15,999
5,655
11,459
Demand for Commefdal Sttbtilk
C Management Capacity
19*3
16,535
46,800
21,713
2,043
124
11,435
14,073
64,213
47,502
6,593
24.671
26,435
6.180
4,480
6,912
85,799
15,889
5,245
10,560
1999
16,361
46,800
21,713
2,043
124
11,435
14,073
64,213
47,502
6,593
24,671
26,435
6,180
4,480
6,912
. 85,799
15,889
5,245
10,560
2013
16,361
46,800
21,713
2,043
124
11,435
14,073
64,213
47,502
6,593
24,671
26,435
6,180
4,480
6,912
85,799
15,889
5,245
10,560
State
New Hampshire
NewJeney
NewMerioo
New Yost
North Carotiaa
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
PeratoRko
Rhode !«l«™l
South Carolina
TenneMee
Texas
Vermont
Virgin*
Weat Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
TO
BssefiM
3,197
171,338
770
57,010
9,01B
106,308
3,199
61,452
2,050
8^21
39,662
22,055
160,000
3,643
9,777
13,695
11,190
483,997
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
2,645
176,449
584
57,290
8,731
104,101
3,447
63,235
1,985
8,321
39,662
22,329
161,000
5,515
9,412
21,356
11,071
483,081
1999
2,634
176,449
584
57,290
8,731
104,101
3,447
63,235
1,985
8,321
39,662
22,329
161,000
5,515
9,412
21,356
11,071
483,081
"|ffib>JH5:
2013
2,634
176,449
. 584
57,290
8,731
104,101
3,447
63,235
1,985
8,321
39,662
22,329
161,000
5,515
9,412
21,356
11,071
483,081
£miL
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Deepwell - Underground Injection
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkanui
Connecticut
Delaware
Dutnct of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinoii
Indiana
low*
Louitiana
Maryiaad
Michigan
Mutudppi
Baseline
58,923
5,516
100
0
0
631
1,794
5,847
57,681
360
3,292
101429
0
94
.—
4,679
0
2,845
959
DexuBd for Cotnaurdat Subtitle
C ManageaieBt Capacity
1993
843
5,517
0
0
0
6
1,794
0
741
360
3,292
101,529
TT"
TwT
i
3,197
0
319
23
1999
843
5,517
0
0
0
6
1,794
0
741
360
3,292
108,529
0
708
1
3,197
0
319
23
H^BBBBBBOl
2013
843
5,517
0
0
0
6
1,794
0
741
360
3,292
108,529
0
708
1
3,197
0
319
23
•BmHOOB
State
New Hampshire
New Jeney
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
PeoMylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tenneaaee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
We* Virginia
Wiaconnn
Western States
,'/ ~ sSC* *"'*•.'" ^
Budiae
0
0
7
480
0
158,883
3,051
2,952
3
0
177
429
397,400
0
524
245
179
14,796
"&^ys
Dmaad for Cownerdal Subtitle
C Maug ement Capacity
1993
0
0
1
440
0
157,767
2,783
1,787
3
0
177
344
397,400
0
520
245
0
12,446
.&,&:?...
1999
0
0
1
440
0
157,767
2,783
1,787
3
0
177
344
397,490
0
520
245
0
12,446
gfeatttafeBBti
2013
0
0
1
440
0
157,767
2,783
1,787
3
0
177
344
397,400
0
520
245
0
12,446
-------
Appendix B
-------
Commercial Capacity Data Submitted by States
The following tables show for each state the quantities of commercial Subtitle C management
capacity for each CAP Management Category and each projection year. The data in these tables are
directly from Table 6 in the states' CAPs.
38
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Metals Recovery (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Honda
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
100,000
0
1,454
0
0
208
0
117,201
202,400
0
41
378,040
0
0
5,452
30
65,694
0
7,225
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
20,000
0
550
200
0
208
0
164,202
202,400
0
41
378,040
0
0
5,452
30
65,694
0
7,225
1999
20,000
0
550
200
0
208
0
164,202
202,400
0
41
378,040
0
0
5,452
30
65,694
0
7,225
2013
20,000
0
550
200
0
208
0
164,202
202,400
0
41
378,040
0
0
5,452
30
65,694
0
7,225
State
New Hampshire
Ne\y Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto 'Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina •
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgins
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
Baseline
0
670
5,929
27,220
0
n;ooo
0
420,597
0
31,288
2,170
233,875
240,800
0
0
0
120
99,968
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
670
5,929
27,220
0
11,000
0
420,597
0
31,288
2,170
129,625
305,600
0
0
0
120
100,563
'
1999
0
670
5,929
27,220
0
11,000
0
320,597
0
31,288
2,170
129,625
305,600
0
0
0
120
150,563
f
2013
0
670
5,929
27,220
.0
11,000
0
320,597
0
31,288
2,170
129,625
305.60Q
0
C
0
120
150,563
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Inorganics Recovery (tons)
Suite
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois-
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Mary Urn!
MiMaduitdu
Michigan
Missouri
Baseline
0
0
, 11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,375
0
0
0
0
1 17,624
0
0
1,000
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
• 3,375
0
0
0
0
117,624
0
0
1,000
1999
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,375
0
0
0
0
117,624
0
0
1,000
2013
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,375
0
0
0
0
117,624
0
0
1,000
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgin*
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
% :
Baseline
0
0
0
0
0
41,731
0
0
0
6,924
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
271,840
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
0
0
41,731
0
0
0
6,924
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
197,590
•
1999
0
0
0
0
0
41,731
0
0
0
6,924
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
197,590
-
2013
0
0
0
0
0
.41,731
0
0
0
6,924
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
197,590
I*
-------
Expected Maximuip Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Organics Recovery (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
17,406
4,600
7,744
0
0
237,834
31,140
80,966
201,283
370
52,040
55,000
0
403
79,585
711,866
600
0
74,500
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
15,000
4,600
7,744
0
0
232,025
29,433
114,280
201,283
370
52,040
55,000
0
403
79,585
664,282
600
0
69,400
1999
15,000
4,600
7,744
0
0
232,025
18,183
114,280
201,283
370
52,040
55,000
0
0
79,585
654,282
600
0
69,400
2013
15,000
4,600
7,744
0
0
232,025
18,183
114,280
201,283
370
52,040
55,000
0
0
79,585
664,282
600
0
69,400
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma •
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgins
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
f * * f vf •> ..
Baseline
0
74,935
0
1,900
1,814
81,326
48,678
17,100
14,875
13,623
42,003
20,020
133,500
0
8,765
G
73,071
338,479
•• , «
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
74,935
0
1,900
1,814
90,148
48,678
17,100
14,875
13,623
42,003
20,020
137,800
0
46,765
G
73,071
320,263
•• ;
1999
0
74,935
0
1,900
1,814
90,148
48,678
17,100
14,875
13,623
42,003
20,020
137,800
0
46,765
0
73,071
320,263
-I
2013
0
74,935
0
1,900
1,814
90,148
48,678
17,100
14,875
13,623
42,003
20,020
137,800
0
46,765
0
73,071
320,263
-------
r
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Energy Recovery - Liquids (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
65,000
12,569
4,053
0
0
39,351
0
0
158,048
0
54,896
177,300
0
0
0
157,620
0
61
165,470
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
65,000
12,570
4,053
0
0
' 39,351
0
0
15.8,048
0
54,896
177,300
0
0
0
52,500
0
6,170
245,470
1999
65,000
12,570
4,053
0
0
39,351
0
0
158,048
0
54,896
177,300
0
0
0
52,500
0
6,170
245,470
2013
65,000
12,570
4,053
0
0
39,351
0
0
158,048
0
54,896
177,300
0
0
0
52,500
0
6,170
245,470
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
••
Baseline
0
0
0
37,480
40,200
85,640
0
96,321
0
0
148,920
5,667
351,000
0
70,000
0
0
358,704
%
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
37,480
12,977
85,640
0
96,321
0
0
148,920
5,667
250,800
0
70,000
0
358,704
'
1999
0
0
0
37,480
34,929
85,640
0
96,321
0
0
148,920
5,667
250,800
0
70,000
0
0
358,704
2013
0
0
0
37,480
45,905
85,640
0
96,321
0
0
148,920
5,667
250,800
0
70,000
0
0
358,704
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Energy Recovery - Sludges/Solids (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Dliooii
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
MasMchusettfi
Michigan
Minneaota
MUaisaippi
Missouri
Baseline
0
194,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
228,338
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,555
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
194,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
228,338
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,555
195$
0
194,000
0
0
0
G
0
0
0
0
0
228,338
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,555
2013
0
194,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
228,338
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,555
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Vireina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
- ^£:;*\ ' -' '
Baseline
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,040
11,505
o.
0
0
0
0
119,524
'/ ^A''"\
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,040
11,505
10,700
0
0
0
0
119,524
J"-> - 0?
i iiiiiii''iiix liiJlir:
1999
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,040
11,505
10,700
0
0
0
0
119,524
Av.&>.
2013
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,040
11,505
10,700
0
0
0
0
119,524
..'...\.. %(,'{':.
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Stabilization/Cbemical Fixation (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
fllinoi*
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Muaissippi
Missouri
Baseline
52,000
1,049
41,371
0
0
0
66,463
230,900
460,867
0
120,000
310,700
0
0
0
457,580
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Managemeat Capacity
1993
483,600
1,050
41,371
0
0
0
67,136
230,900
460,867
0
120,000
310,700
0
0
0
457,580
0
0
0
1999
483,600
1,050
41,371
0
0
0
116,908
230,900
460,867
0
120,000
310,700
0
0
0
457,580
0
0
0
2013
483,600
1,050
41,371
0
0
0
116,908
230,900
460,867
0
120,000
310,700
0
0
0
457,580
0
0
0
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
"|< ' ••- ' - ,;.y %**
Baseline
0
35,153
0
125,070
0
281,580
952,875
85,418
0
0
117,000
0
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
1,413,744
•¥••;•";,-"-;•
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
35,153
0
125,070
0
431,580
952,875
85,418
0
0
117,000
0
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
2,756,962
• ^%i^v
1999
0
35,153
0
125,070
0
431,580
952,875
85,418
0
0
117,000
1 o
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
2,756,962
•sp;', "^
•->v "^
2013
0
35,153
0
125,070
0
431,580
952,875
85,418
0
0
117,000
0
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
2,756,962
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Incineration - Liquids/Gases (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indimm
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
NfsAs&chusctts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
0
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
74,964
0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
51,156
0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1999
0
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
51,156
0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
0
0
•0
0
0
0
2013
0
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
51,156
0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgin*
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
'<•• V ' •; ' %' ' ' '
Baseline
0
46,566
0
40
. 0
56,502
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
37,697
-;";;>^|"
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
46,566
0
40
0
72,702
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
33,947
5 *"
C ' -f
1999
0
46,566
0
40
0
72,702
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
110,058
- '
2013
0
46,566
0
40
0
72,702
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
110,058
. .,^3,, ,!.„,.,.
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Incineration - Sludges/Solids (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
niinoii
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
lifHliftlBIMI
Maine
Maryland
MiSattchuKtts
Michigan
Minnesota
Miaoisaippi
Missouri
Baseline
3,800
96,000
0
0
0
0
0
92,092
0
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,072
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
3,800
96,000
0
0
0
0
0
73,500
0
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1999
3,800
195,840
0
0
0
0
0
73,500
0
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2013
3,800
195,840
0
0
0
0
0
73,500
0
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
; ,*- '; , *
Baseline
0
31,451
0
720
0
33,376
0
0
0
0
19,500
0
161,600
0
0
0
0
85,733
-;;"™j3";
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
31,451
0
720
0
77,176
0
0
0
0
19,500
0
161,600
0
0
0
0
85,733
^*'< It,
1999
0
31,451
0
720
0
77,176
0
0
0
0
19,500
0
161,600
0
0
0
0
179,622
f f ^
2013
0
31,451
0
720
0
77,176
0
0
0
0
19,500
0
161,600
0
0
0
0
179,622
v f
f
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Fuel Blending (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
MaflRachusetts
•
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
342,277
334,384
203,051
0
0
49,912
270,318
134,755
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
0
0
45,871
277,854
0
0
252,857
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
320,957
334,400
203,051
0
0
49,92
269,100
145,975
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
0
0
45,871
277,854
0
0
252,857
1999
320,957
334,400
203,051
0
0
49,912
205,040
145,975
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
. 0
0
45,871
277,854
0
0
252,857
2013
320,957
334,400
203,051
0
0
49,912
205,404
145,975
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
0
0
45,871
277,854
0
0
252,857
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgins
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
V.v&"*< ''" >V,i
Baseline
0
94,207
0
4,050
2,280
114,940
205,242
75,894
126,347
0
11,547
84,471
190,800
0
0
0
65,512
256,617
*v>v-%
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
94,207
0
4,050
2,280
202,379
205,242
75,894
126,347
0
11,547
84,471
190,800
0
0
0
65,512
319,992
v '9, ' ", '!:
1999
0
94,207
0
4,050
2,280
202,379
205,242
. 75,894
126,347
0
11,547
84,471
190,800
0
0
0
65,512
319,992
/ ;
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
Diitrict of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
5,000
0
181,579
0
0
19,930
32,500
456,873
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
11,796
20,885
0
1,899,170
33,728
0
67,041
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
5,000
0
180,366
0
0
0
32,500
444,583
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
11,796
20,885
0
1,898,513
33,728
0
58,324
1999
5,000
0
180,336
0
0
0
224,684
444,583
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
11,796
20,885
0
2,073,513
33,728
0
58,324
2013
5,000
0
180,336
0
0
0
224,684
444,583
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
11,796
20,885
0
2,073,513
33,728
0
58,324
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgin*
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
f- •. \5- ^*»
.. •.' % ' '• ••
Baseline
0
27,651,302
0
755,970
32,005
1,514,914
53,978
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
90,500
0
33,700
2,304,000
205,335
1,511,933
>\ '• ^ *
Commercial Subtitle C Management
Capacity
1993
0
27,651,302
0
755,970
32,005
4,986,379
53,978
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
98,800
0
33,700
2,304,000
205,335
1,204,523
', *<.' \
1999
0
27,651,302
0
755,970
32,005
5,002,163
53,978
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
98,800
0
33,700
3,456,000
205,335
1,274,523
-.
2013
27,651,302
0
755,970
32,005
5,002,163
53,978
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
98,800
0
33,700
3,456,000
205,335
1,274,523
'••••'',
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Landfill (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
niinoia
Indiana.
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
517,189
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,476,089
4,881,458
0
0
6,409,891
0
0
0
U50.510
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
600,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,347,663
4,883,956
0
0
4,992,557
0
0
0
850,000
0
0
0
1999
600,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
962,387
4,548,942
0
0
4,833,947
0
0
0
250,000
0
0
0
2013
600,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
63,407
3,883,909
0
0
4,489,781
0
0
0
Q
0
0
0
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
Norm Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgins
Wssi Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
:%-' ;
Baseline
0
0
0
308,750
0
235,000
1,261,260
0
0
0
97,906
0
1,343,000
0
0
Q
0
27,125,853
v T **
Commercial Subtitle C Management
Capacity
1993
0
0
0
374,770
0
2,319,000
1,257,812
0
0
0
135,000
0
1,701,000
0
0
C
0
28,177,306
0
1999
0
0
0
31,010
0
1,694,394
1,240,574
0
0
0
0
0
735,000
0
0
0
0
27,016,048
% ,s,
2013
0
0
0
- 771,100*
0
236,980
1,212,992
0
0
0
- 555,268
0
-1,519,000
0
0
0
0
21,558,462
New York indicated a negative figure in 2013 because the original CAP data did not include capacity that was permitted at the end of 1993.
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Deepwell - Underground Injection (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Jtytifl""
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
164,381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
164,381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
164,381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2013
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
164,381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgin*
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
A l-vo«i , ; ,' A
Baseline
0
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
0
0
0
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0
* •• 1 *
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
0
0
0
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0
"• f: ~- '' "• %b- >
1999
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
0
0
0
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0
% *•
2013
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
0
0
0
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0
C'-' - ••
-------
Appendix C
51
-------
Adjustments to Commercial Capacity Data
* The Agency adjustments to state-submitted data in the following table apply to each year as
presented in the State CAPs: 1991, baseline, 1993, 1999, and 2013, elcept for adjustment
for the National Cement facility, which applies to 1999 and 2013.
=3»a======s3=======
Facilities
Organics Recorery
Marine Shale, LA
Clean Harbors, MA
=j====
CAP Data
(tons)
^s^saa —~'
Adjustment
(tons)
^35*s^s5s^sss^^S3
EPA
Adjusted
Data (tons)
Reason for Change
55,000
11,318,278
-55,000
-11,301,278
0
17,000
Error in BRS data
Energy Recorery-Liquids
National Cement, CA
Marine Shale, LA
37,000
31,000
-37,000
-31,000
0
0
:
Permit was denied |
Permit was denied
Energy RecoTery-SIudges/Solids
Marine Shale, LA
Rhone Poulenc, LA
73,000
• 155,338
-73,000
-155,338
0
0
Sludges/solids capacity was reclassified at 1
liquids capacity I
Incineration-Liquids and Gases 0
Rhone-Poulenc, LA
Rollins, LA
775,099
540,599
-715,099
-479,599
60,000*
61,000*
— ^
Prior estimate* did not reflect real
Prior estimate* did not reflect real
operating condition*
IncineratJon-SIudges/Solids
Rhone-Poulenc, LA
Rhone-Poulenc, TX
•Rollins, LA
371,124
40,000"
117,714
-371,124
-40,000
-76,714
=====
0
0
41,000*
Sludges/solids capacity was reclassified a* I
Sludges/solids capacity was reclassified as 1
Prior *srimatM did not reflect real 1
operating conditions Q
• El Kgta, June 1994. EPA is unable to release to the public its facility-level LDR program capacity information for mis
or other incinerators because it has been claimed as confidential business information.
" Based on El Digest, June 1994, which reported 102,000 tons/year of capacity. EPA Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR)
program data indicate that 60 percent of commercial incineration capacity treats liquids
(0'6 x "
treats
- EPA
52
-------
Landfill Adjustment^
* EPA also manipulated .commercial landfill capacity data for Alabama and South Carolina to
make the data employable in the CAP Phase 1 Data System, which EPA used in the National
Assessment calculations.
* These manipulations were consistent with the information provided by the states. They were
necessary because the landfills in these states have statutorily-iirtposed limits on the amount of
wastes that can be disposed of per year. The CAP Phase 1 Data System is structured to use
data, not on the rate of disposal, but rather on the total stock of landfill capacity that can be
utilized over the landfill's life.
* The Alabama and South Carolina landfill capacity data were also manipulated to be consistent
with the System's methodology for depleting landfill capacity. This methodology
distinguishes between states with and without landfill capacity.
States
landfill^. For projection year estimates of the maximum available supply
'
of capacity in Table 6 of the state's submissions, the model needs figures representing
the amount of capacity available during the projection period (e.g., start of 1994
through start of 1999 for one-time waste generated in the state and both recurrent and
one-time wastes from other states). Preparing these estimates requires subtracting the
state's recurrent demand for landfill capacity during the projection period from the
state's maximum available capacity at the end of the prior period.
* S.fttes. wijhQut landfills. In contrast, the model shows no available capacity for states
without landfill capacity. In the national assessment, these states' demand for capacity
is subtracted from the maximum available capacity for states with landfills.
The landfill adjustments described below did not change the meaning of the data submitted by
Alabama and South Carolina, but merely manipulated its form to be useable in the CAP Phase
1 Data System.
Alabama
Background
The Chemical Waste Management landfill in Emelle, Alabama can receive no more
than 600,000 tons/per year, as specified by State law.
The faculty's estimated maximum available permitted capacity at the end of 1993 was
20,000,000 tons, which will last until 2027 at the maximum utilization rate.
In 1991, the facility disposed of about 520,000 tons of hazardous waste.
The State's projected recurrent landfill demand is 16,536 tons in 1993 and
16,361 tons/year from 1994 through 2013 (based on the reported demand for
1999 and 2013).
53
-------
Adjusted Maximum Landfill Capacity in Tons for Use in the State's Table 6
f 1999: 4,101,659 = (7 x 600,000) - (16,536 + (5 x 16,361))
> 2013: 12,272,605 » (21 x 600,000) - (16,536 + (19 x 16,361))
What These Figures Mean
»• The 1999 calculation represents the maximum capacity available between the start of
1993 and the end of 1999 that has. not been used, prior to the start of 1999, by
Alabama recurrent waste demand. This maximum amount can be utilized only if the
600,000 limit is reached during each year between 1993 and 1999.
» The calculation for 2013 represents the maximum capacity available between the start
of 1993 and the end of 2013 that has not been used, prior to the start of 2013, by
Alabama recurrent demand. This maximum amount can be utilized only if die
600,000 limit is reached during each year between 1993 and 2013.
South Carolina
• Background
»> The Laidlaw/GSX landfill in Pinewood, South Carolina can receive up to 135,000
tons/per year, as specified by State law.
»> At the end of 1993, the facility's total remaining capacity was 1,800,000 tons,
according to El Guide to Hazardous Waste Landfills in Canada and the United States,
Environmental Information Ltd, 1994.
+ If the annual limit of 135,000 tons is reached each year, available capacity will be
depleted in 13.3 years, that is, during 2007.
»• In recent years, the facility has disposed of close to 135,000 ton/year.
> The State's projected recurrent landfill demand is 39,662 tons/year during the
projection years.
Adjusted Maximum Landfill Capacity in Tons for Use in the State's Table 6
»> 1999: 707,028 = (7 x 135,000) - (6 x 39,662)
> 2013: 1,046,442 - 1,800,000 - M9 x 39.662)*
4 The 1993 demand for landfill capacity is not included in this calculation because the 1.8
million tons of remaining capacity figure applies to the end of 1993.
-------
What These Figures Mean
o* C^cu'ation rePresents the maximum capacity available between the start of
1993 through the end of 1999 that has not been used, prior to the start of 1999 Ty
South Carolina i recurrent waste demand. This maximum amount can be utilized over
* Ze«Penod ODly if the 135'000 Iimit is reached during each year between 1993
represents the maximum capacity available between the start of
and the end of 2013 that has not been used, prior to the start of 2013, by South
Carolina recurrent waste demand. Utilization of this maximum amount does not
require that the 135,000 limit be reached every year between 1993 and 2013 because
at that utilization rate, the capacity would be depleted in 2007. Assuming that landfill
"* **"* *"
55
-------
Appendix D
56
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
This list shows all facilities that managed RCRA hazardous waste commercially in 1994. These facilities comprise the
capacity reported in the national assessment. The list includes Subtitle C permitted and interim status facilities and RCRA-
exempt facilities. Facilities identified on this list will not necessarily correspond to the facilities identified in State CAPs because
States reported information for 1991 and some facilities have opened or closed between 1991 and 1994.
A variety of sources were used to compile this list: the 1991 Biennial Reporting System National Oversight Database, the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System (RCRIS), "El Environmental Services Directory 1994", internal
Agency information, and state information. The faculties in the list were confirmed with information provided in state CAP
submissions and then verified by the states.
The type of management at each facility is identified by CAP management category. Each CAP Management Category is
comprised of a number of waste management technologies that are generally interchangeable for managing broad types of wastes
(e.g., organics, inorganics including metals, and wastewaters), based on treatment performance. The CAP management
categories are comprised of the following system types (as defined in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991 Hazardous
Waste Report Instructions and Forms, EPA Form 8700-13A/B, pp. 90-91.
RECOVERY
MeUfci Recovery
MOII
MOI2
MOI3
MOM
M019
M03I
M039
Onujf ff Rcsco? er
M02I
M022
M023
M024
High temperature mctiii recoveiy
Retorting
Secondary duelling
Other iMUlt recoveiy for rauie: e.g., ion
exchange, reverie oimotii, acid latching
Meuli recovery - type unknown
srv
Acid regeneration
Other recovery - type unknown
y
Fractionuion/dittillation
Thin film evaporation
Solvent extraction
Other (olvent recoveiy
M029
M032
COMBUSTION
EuMMbte
3kMEBwnCBC
M051
M059
M041
M044
M049
NommanMbte
MOS2
M053
MOS9
M042
Solvent* recovery - type unknown
Other recovery: e.g., wane oil recovery, nontolvenl
organic* recovery
Energy recovery - liquids
Energy recoveiy - type unknown
• Incineration - liquid*
Incineration - gaiei
Incineration - type unknown
Energy recovery - iludge*
Energy recovery - solid*
Energy recovery - type unknown
Incineration - iludget
-------
I
M043 Incirvwtlion - solid*.
M049 fociiMntion - type unknown
TREATMENT
(9
Mill Subilization/chernicsl fixation uiing
cementitious and/or pozzolauk materials
M 1 12 Other stabilization
Ml 19 Stabilization - type unknown
M06I Fuel blending
ittri and Sfad*
M071 Chrome reduction followed by chemical
precipitation
M072 Cyanide destruction followed by chemical precipitation
M073 Cyanide destruction only
M074 Chemical oxidation followed by chemical precipitation-
M07S Chemical oxidation only
M076 Wet air oxidation
M077 Chemical precipitation
M078 Other aqueous inorganic treatment: e.g., ion exchange,
raven* osmosis
M079 Aqueous inorganic treatment - type unknown
M08I Biological treatment
M082 Carbon adsorption
MOS3 Air/steam stripping
M084 Wet air oxidation
MOSS Other aqueous organic treatment
MOS9 Aqueous organic treatment - type unknown
M09I Chemical precipitation in combination with biological treatment
M092 Chemical precipitation in combination with carbon adsorption
M093 Wet air oxidation
M094 Other oiganic/inorganic.lreatment
M099 Aqueoui organic and inorganic treatment - type unknown
MIDI Sludge dewatwing
M102 Addition of exceu lime
MI03 Abtorption/adtorptioa
M104 Solvent extraction
MI09 Sludge treatment - type unknown
M121 Neutralization only
M122 Evaporation only
M123 Settling/clarification only
M124 Pbaae separation (e.g., emulsion breaking, filtration) only
M12S Other treatment
MI29 Other treatment - type unknown
DISPOSAL
MI32 Landfill
Ml33 Surface impoundment (to be cloaed aa a landfill)
MI37 Other diapoial
fVmAennvad hutctioB
MI34 DeepweU/underground injection
MI37 Other ditpoul
KEY ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
** - capacity restricted to incineration residuals generated on-sile.
BIF: Boiler and Industrial Furnaces;
Incin: Incinerator
AK: Aggregate Kiln
BLR: Boiler
CK: Cement Kiln
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
ivEGION I
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport United Recycling (Hitchcock On Engine Co.)
Clean H«rt>on
Eut Coot Environmental Service* Corp.
Knthone
tnvironmenul W«ate Reaourcei, Inc. (BLR)
Macdennid be
POP Induttriu Inc
United Oil Recovery. Inc.
MASSACHUSETTS
Clean Herbon of Nalkk, Inc.
Clean Harbors Of Bniotree, Inc.
Oeoeral Chemical Corporation •
Hampden Color & Chemical Co
let-Line Servicei, Inc.
let-Liu Service*. Inc.
Laidlaw Environmental Service* (NE), Inc.
Zrccolnc
MAINE
Jet-line Setvicea, Inc.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
No PiBilMia
mmmmm
<*-N»C^
EPA IP
CTD002S93887
CTD000604488
CTD089631956
CTD001 169010
CTD072138969
CTD001 164599
CTD097220883
CTD0218I6889
MAD9SOS23203
MADOS3452637
MADOI937I079
MADOOI 114214
MAD04707S734
MAD062179890
MA0000604447
MADOS292449S
MED019051069
• • U
'" "
CAP MANA<;EMENT CATE(;ORIE.S
RECOVERY
Metal
X
Organic
X
Inorganic
COMBUSTION
Pumpable
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Nonpumpable
TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.
Waste
Water
Stabilization
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MSTOSAL
Umlfin
DeepweU
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
NwtfaUnd EnviroonMottl Inc.
EPA ID
RID04009S3S2
CAP MANAC.FAir.N1 ( ATTMHIIff >
RECOVERY
Metkl
Organic
iBorguir
X
t'OMviivnim
"— *
'h^-—
THCAIMKMI
Pad
Kow!.
\V*ter
X
S,^—
MM
'—
N*4I
VERMONT
No FacUrtiM
REGION II
NEW JERSEY
CbKiucilWuUMiMfMnwtOfNl
CPChwtical
CPS Chemical Co.. Inc.
Dtfuau Corp. Muz Drvition [RCRA Ex«npl|
Dupoot E I D« N*ntoun& Co
JohiuonMitth«y, Inc.
Johmon Mantcy. Inc. (RCRA Exempt)
Mariiol, Inc.
RFE IndurtiM
RoUiiu Environrotnul Service* (NJ), Inc.
SAW Wul*. Inc.
Stfey-KlMnCoip.
S«fe
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
I
NAME
CWM Chemical Servicea
KflF Pollution (RCRA Exempli
Laidlaw (BDT)
LEARoml
Mercury Refining Company, Inc.
Nodit* Coiporalkm (ThemulKem)
Northeut Environmental Servicea Inc.
Photocircuita Corp.
Prid* Solvent* And Chemical Co.inc.
SCI Syatema, Inc.
Solvent* And PWroleum Service Inc.
SUU Univ«ciily of N Y
Wekiler Inttnimentt
PUERTO RICO
Safety Ktoan EnvironiyMenuCo.
Safety Kleen Environayrtenu (Dorado)
REGION III
DISIWCT OF COLUMBIA
No Facilitin
DELAWARE
No FactiitHn
tAKVLAND
Clean Hirbora En'v. Svca. Co., Inc.
PENNSYLVANIA
Bethlehem Apparatua Company. Inc.
Calgon Carbon Corp
EPA ID
NY0049336679
NYD981 182769
NYD000632372
NYDOOI32566I
NYDM8U8I75
NYD08046993S
NYD057770109
NYD09692W83
NYDOS77222S8
NYD98227I793
NYD0132774S4
NYD07I600100
NYD005920194
PRD0903997I8
PRD98II8242I
MDD9805S5I89
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEIiORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
X
X
X
X
Organic
X
X
X
X
X
X
Inorgank
COMBUSTION
Pumpable
Incin
BIF
Nonpuapable
Incin
locin
TREATMENT
Fuel
Btend.
X
X
X
X
Waste
Water
X
X
X
X
X
PAD002390961
PAD000736M2
X
X
X
Stabilization
X
IHSPmAI
UndniJ
X
Dvepwdl
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Capital Part* WaAan, lac.
' Cbwnical Wuto Mft. (Datawai* Container Co. Inc.)
Eul P*on Manufacturing [RCRA Exampt)
Eavirito Coipontion
Envirotrol Inc.
Owocbem, Inc.
Exide (Owtanl Battaiy Corp.)
HirciM Pif mania, Inc.
Horaahead Rcaourc* Dav. Co., Inc.
Inimtco (RCRA Exempt)
•KayatonoCamant Company |CK|
M«du«Cem«KCo. |CK|
MUI SwviiM, Inc.
Molycoip, Inc.
R«pubUc EnvironnMQUl Synwm, Inc. (Wttf* Convenion)
WRC FtocMMif
VUGINIA
Bripir Enviroammlil (Cbmiicil WMM Mamgement, Inc.)
Pyntch«n, Inc.
ERC Pra-TcMtimal Facility
Wllaman Cn«nical Coqxwtlion
Solite |AK|
Solit, (OW Plant) |AK|
WEST VIRGINIA
Adtorption SyMna, bic
ETA ID
PAD9I7332343
PA006437S470
PAD00233016S
PAD010IS404S
PAD9S0707087
PAD009439662
PAD9907S30S9
PAD00239I548
PAD002395887
PADOI75610I5
PAD002389559
PADOS396S897
PAD00483S146
PA003006S282
PAD08S690S92
PAD98103S227
VAD988I75055
VAD10SS38874
VAD086293719
VAD003IIU16
VAD046970521
VAD04275SM2
WVDMI 107600
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Orgkiic
X
X
X
X
X
iMrgaoac
COMBUSHON
fmtfiHk
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
NMtlwan^ble
TREATMENT
F»d
N«d.
X
X
Vitslt
Water
X
X
X
X
X
X
ttahtlrrafiM
X
X
DISPOSAL
LMdfil
D«qnr«l
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
EPA ID
Metal
RECOVERY
Organk
laorgank
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
Pumpttbte
Noupiuipable
j REGION IV
ALABAMA
Allied Chemical Corp. (Allied-Sign*! Tir Prod.)
All-Worth Enleipriui, Inc.
. Chemical Wide Management, Inc.
Fishsr Industrial Service, Inc.
Lafarf e (MeduM)
MAM Chemical A Equipment Company, Inc.
! s.ndeci Lead Company
Syetech Environmental Corporation
FLORIDA
Athlind Chemical Co
Chemical Pollution Control. Inc.
Envirotech S E Inc
Florida Solite |AK|
Induttrial Water Services, Inc.
Integrated Resource Recovery Inc
Laidlaw Environmental Service* Of Barlow
OMover Corporation
Sparkle Corp
GEORGIA
Alternate Energy Resource*, Inc.
Chemical Coiuervalion Of Georgia, Inc.
"^ — i^____ _^ _ _
MCF System* Atlanta, Inc
Chemical Watte Mngl (Ohm Rwouree Recovery Corp.)
Tri-Male Steel Drum, Inc.
ALD03 1499833
ALD094476793
ALD000622464
ALD98IG2G694
ALD0671 19966
ALD0705I3767
ALD046481032
ALD98101904S
FLD067230771
FLD984S68H2
FLDI01877876
FLDOQ4059Q8S
FLD98 1928484
FLD9810I8273
FLD98072%IO
FLO0007373I2
FLD982121592
OAD03358246I
OAD093380814
OAD98 1269095
QAD096629282
OAS033842543
X
X
X
B1F
X
X
X
X
X
X
BiF
X
X
«»
^"•••••p- • ••
•^•—••^ i i .
•^ .
Incin
TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.
Waste
Water
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Stabilization
X
X
X
DISPOSAL
Landfill
X
DcepweU
-
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS VVASTE
NAME
KENTUCKY
Atocbem (M & T Chemical)
Kentucky Solitc Corporation (AK)
Kyana Oil Inc.
Louiiville EnvrionmeoUl Service* (B-T Energy)
L.W.D., Inc.
Safety-UeeoCoq).
MISSISSIPPI
Enterprise Recovery
United Cement/Hobum |CK]
NORTH CAROUNA
Carolina Solite (AK|
Ecoflo, Inc.
Delrex (OoU Shield SoJvenU Div.)
Heritage Environmental Service*, Inc.
Uidlaw Envirocunental Service* (li), Inc.
Oldover Corporation
SOUTH CAROUNA
CP Cbemicali
Engelhard Corporation
Giant Cement Cotnpany, Inc. |CK|
OSX Servcie* Of Sou* CeroliM. IM
L*tdk» fn iiniiimaliil Servicee, Inc
Stfefy-kleen Corp
EPA ID
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
Organic
Inorganic
KYD006373922
KYD005009923
KYD000770313
KYD059568220
KYDOOOS2I942
KYD079661I46
KYD088438817
KYDOS3348I08
MSD000693I76
MSD077655876
NCD003 152642
NCD980842I32
NCD049773245
NCDI2I700777
NCD0006484S1
NCD0007736S5
SCD07037188S
SCD981866007
SCD0033S1699
SCD07037S98S
SCD9S 1467616
SCD077995488
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
COMBUSTION
Piuapabl*
Incin
Incin
BIF
NwapuenpaWe
Incin
' Incin
TREATMENT
Fuel
Blead.
X
X
X
X
X
Waste
Water
X
X
BIF
BIF
Incin
BIF
X
X
X
X
Stabilization
X
X
X
X
wsr
u*n
USAI
"""""
X
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
_( ..lery-kleen/Holman Cement
1 SoulheaBem Chemical Company - Omni
[ ThermalKEM, Inc.
EPA ID
SCD00336889I
SCD036275626
SCD044442333
< Af MANAt.fMIM < 4IIMNMI*
RECOVERY
Metal
Organic
X
Inorganic
niMMisnim
Pwnpitble
BIF
Incin
N-wNe
Incin
fMAfMKVt
F«H«
Blend.
X
X
Wattr
Water
X
»***-
M*.»«|
U—
-"-
IKNNESSEE
Allworth (Southdown Environmental Syttenu, Inc.)
Divenified Scientific Service*, Inc. (BLR] (NOT IN CAP)
Dixie Cement Company, Inc. [CK|
General Smelting A Refining, Inc.
Horaeheed Retourc* Dev. Co., Inc. (RCRA Exempt]
Laidlaw Environmental Service* (gi), Inc.
Laidlaw Environmental Service* of NuhviUe (Osco, Inc.)
Laidlaw Env. Serv. (WT) Inc. (Tricil Env. Serv.)
Refined Metal*
REGION V
ILLINOIS
American Chemical A Refining
American Wane Proceuing, Ltd.
Baron BUkatlee
Beaver Oil Co., Inc.
Behr Precioui Mefal*
Century (Southdown Environmental Syatenu, Inc.)
• "lirmical Watte Management, Inc. - CID
. u/ion Chemical Company
Eotech (CP Uorgaaka)
Enviriu Cotponuon
Heritage Environmaolal Service*, Inc.
TND9SI920I19
TND982109142
TND106203375
TND004048690
TND982I44099
TND0006I432I
TND981922826
TND000772277
TND067690040
ILD00067S249
ILD0007I6894
ILDOS1937068
ILD0644I8353
ILD006935571
ILD099215303
H.D010284248
ILD0669I8327
ILO0624SOISO
ILD000666206
ILD08S349264
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
'
X
X
X
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
-
BIF
X
X
X
X
•
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
X
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Honefaud Resource D*v. Co., Inc.
Mir-Cor InduKriu, Inc.
Peon* Dicpoul Co. (pdc)
Recootelt, Inc.
Safety-Ueen Corp.
Safety-UeenCorp.
Safety-UeenCofp.
Tnd* Wuto Incineration (Chemical Weeto Meneg.)
United R*finin( & Smelting
INDIANA
ESSROC (Cemtech, Lp)
Chaniical Weete Management Of Inditiu Inc.
Coiuoli(Ut«d Recycling Co., Inc.
Dupont-«cco
OwMrtl BtftMy Cocp (EXIDE)
Detnx (Gold Shield Solvent* Div.)
Heritage Environmental Service*, Inc.
Hydrile Chemical Co. (Avingic Industrie!)
Indian* Inductrial Plating Inc.
Indualrial Fudi St. Retoutcet, Inc.
Lone Star Indutfriea (Syttech Env.)JCK| (NOT IN CAP]
MaionMetala
Meiri Wuktag LAtkteOC*
--ii . r j iirf.iiniri-.--
QMMMltKKAlMvtJ
RecteMMd Eimsy
EPA ID
ILD04089136S
U.D984774695
ILD00080S8I2
ILD984766279
ILD005450697
ILD00080591I
ILD9806I39I3
ILD098642424
ILD005087630
IND00508I542
IND078911I46
IND098958283
IND98178368I
IND000717959
IND0856I6837
IND0932I90I2
IND98486554I
IND00526I623
IND980590947
IND0064I9212
INDOOS46Q209
WOOPM4MJO
atua^ai^t^f^A^^^A
W^%^^^^^^9^^9
MONtlfMSI
IN00007I0401
CAP MANAGEMENT t'ATECORIE-S
RECOVERY
MeUl
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Orgaiik
•
X
X
X
Inorganic
X
X
X
X
X
X
COMBUSTION
Pumpable
Incin
Nonpumpable
Incin
BIF
BIF
BIF
TREATMENT
Fuel
Bkod,
X
Waste
Water'
X
.Vtabiliulioo
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
IHStllSAl
Lutdna
X
X
Orrptttll
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Kcfioed Metali
Rhom-Poulenc Btlic Chemical Co. (SAP)
Safety Klsea Oil Recovery
MICHIGAN
Ag Hog, Inc.
Chem-met Sarvicea, Inc.
City Environment*!, Inc.
City Environmental, Inc.
City EnviionnwnUl Inc. - Caliban
Cyanokam
Drag A Laboratory Diapoaal, Inc.
Dynecol, Inc.
Edssrfs Qi! Service, !ss.
EnviroomenUl Wute Control Inc.
Qajo Producta (BLRt
DrtreK - Gold Shield SolvcnU Div.
Ufiug* (CK)
Moridin Environroenul ServicM, Inc.
Michigan DiqHMil, Inc.
Michigan Recovety Syttcnu, Inc.
PMto-Chdn Coraplax
P«Ho-Ch»m Complex Solvent DiMillen
I'VS Chemic.li Inc Michigan
RTRInc
VenSmgge Oil Inc.
Wayne Ditpoul, Inc.
EPA ID
IND000718130
IND001 859032
IND077042034
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
X
Organk
Inorganic
COMBUSTION
PumpiMe
BIF
NonpumpaMe
TREATMENT
Fud
Blend.
X
MID98I0946I8
MID096963194
MIDOS4683479
MID98099I566
MID006523385
MID0980II992
MID092M7928
MID074259565
M!DOSS?5469S
MID057002602
M1DOOS338SOI
MID09160S972
MIDOOS379607
MID981 192081
MID000724831
MID06097S844
MID980615298
M1D980684088
MID981 195936
MID98SS66629
MID0064I0377
MID048090633
X
X
X
X
X
X
x'
X
X
X
X
X
X
BIF
X
X
Waste
Water
X
Stabilization
DISPOSAL
Landfill
DeepweU
X
X
X
X
V
A
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
MINNESOTA
Envirocbem Inc.
Gopher Sraekiuf And Refioinf Co (RCRA Exempt]
Pennzoil
U.S. Filler Recovery Service*, Inc.
OHIO
Cbcmictl Solvent*
Chemical Wtete Management, Inc.
Chcmtron Corp.
Clufc Proceuinf , Inc.
Clean Harbor* Env. Svc*. Co., Inc.
CWM Reeource Recovery, Inc.
Eagtebrook, Inc.
Ecolotec (Republic Env. Syttenti)
Envirit* Corporation
Environmental Enterpriaea, Inc.
Environmental Purification Industrie* |BLR|
Enviroufe Service* Of Ohio, Inc.
Evergreen Environmental Group, Inc.
Hukill Chemical Corporation
Klor Kleea Inc.
lafarge (CK)
Liberty Solvent* & Chemical* Co., Inc.
Me~M«*
N-»u.<*^r«.—
•—^o-co^
EPA ID
MND980996S05
MND006148092
MND0062246I2
MND9S1098478
OHD980897656
OHD020273819
OHD066060609
OHD004274Q3I
OHD000724IS3
OHD09394S293
OHD000724088
OHD9S0700942
OHD980568992
OHD0833770IO
OHD986983237
OHD04S243706
OHDOSSS22429
OHDOOI926740
OHD98082I862
OHDOOS048947
OHDOS2324S48
OHOOTfeimi
OHONOMIS7I
OHD004I7MI2
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
MeOJ'
X
X
X
X
0**
'-""*
COMBUSTION
.Wp^e
X
X
X
X
X
.X
X
X
X
X
X
X
BIF
BIF
N-^
TREATMENT
fud
BtewL
BIF
BIF
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Waste
Water
X
X
Sbbaizatkm
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
,
DISPOSAL
u**
X
Deqpwdl
X
is:
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
.:»u Incineration Service*, Inc.
Sifety-Kleen Corp.
Spring Grove Retource Recovery (Southdown Env. Syi)
Snuthweiteni Portland Cement |CKJ
Syrtech
Tricil Environmental Service* Inc.
Wtile Technologic* Indiutrie* (WTI)
WC*1 Steel Inc.
WISCONSIN
Afhland Chemical
Chemical Wane Management, Inc.
EOQ Eovironswoic] Incorporated
Hydrite Chemical Co.
Milwaukee Solvent! And Chemicati Corp.
Mineral Springi Corporation
Safery-kleenCorp.
Sifety-kleenCorp.
Waete Reward) & Recltmttion Co., Inc.
Wii FinebUnking
REGION VI
ARKANSAS
A* drove Cement Co. |CK|
i unco. Inc.
EPA ID
OHD0484 15665
OHD980S87364
OHD000816629
OHD9S1 195779
OHDOOS048947
OHDOSI29061I
OHD98061354I
OHD06040952I
W1D053689196
W1D003967I48
W1D988580056
W1D000808824
WID023350192
WID988S66543
WID980S96633
WID981097769
WID990829475
WIDI02220704
CAP MANA<;EMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
Organic
X
X
X
X
ARD98ISI2270
ARD06974II92
AAOMMfim
LAOWWMT2
X
X
Inorganic
X
COMBUSTION
Pumpable
Incin
BIF
Incin
Incin
Nonpumpable
Incin
Incin
TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.
X
X
X
Waste
Water
X
X
Stabilization
X
*
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
BIF
Incin
BIF
Incin
X
DISPOSAL
Landfill
1 .
DeepweU
J]
s
i'
i;
\
s
>
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
AMAX Met*! Recovery, IDC.
Catalyat Recovery
Chemical Waata Mana|*meot, Inc.
Evaogeline Medical & X-ray DiKributor* (RCRA Exempt]
Laidlaw Environmental Service*, Inc.
Laidlaw Environ. Service* (R&D Fabricating & Mfg)
LouitUna X-Ray Accattori**, Inc (RCRA Exempt]
New {Meant Sitvertmith* [RCRA Exempt]
Pure Solve, Inc. (RCRA Exempt)
Rhone-Poulenc Batic Chemkala Co.
Rollina Environmental Service* Of La, Inc.
RoUina Environmental Service* (la), Inc.
Schuyltill Metal* (MRE)
UOP Snravepott Plant (RCRA Exempt]
X-ray Unlimited, Inc. [RCRA Exempt]
X-ray Unlimited Inc. (RCRA Exempt]
NEW MEXICO
Chino Mine* Company [RCRA Exempt]
Southweat Radiographici
OKLAHOMA
Chief Supply Coiporation
Hydrocarbon Recycler* (USPCI-HRI)
Retidiial Technolojie* Inc.
USPCI-Lon* Mountain
EPA ID
LADOS8472721
LAD980622161
LAD000777201
LAD981S89S42
LAD07946409S
LAD9810SS791
LAD985191447
LAD981 152903
LAD98I5I2627
LAD008161234
LAD0007785I4
LADOI039SI27
LAD0081M137
LAD057109449
LAD98I51302I
LAD98S170299
NMD007396930
NMD097I38382
OKD08976I290
OKD000632737
OK0000402396
OKD06S438376
CAP MANAI.FMTN1 « ArU.IMIIFt
RECOVERY
Metal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Organic
X
X
X
X
TEXAS
Allwaite Recovery
TXDI02599339
1
Uorguuc
COMIUSTION
PumpMt
Incin
Incin
»
1
w '
N.MHT
X
X
BIF
IMATMIN1
FBf*
Blend.
X
X
X
X
X
X
|
Water
X
X
Ma**"-
X
**
I
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
WNl
— -
X
x
1
r«»»»i
•—
X
x
-------
COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES U* KL.KA
cr
NAME
Alpha Omegi Recycling Inc
Emptk
Encycle/Texii, Inc.
Eurecel U.I. Incorporated
ONB BincnM Inc (RCRA Exempt)
Oibrihar Chemical Reeotircee, Inc.
Qulf Chemise! & Metallurgical Corporation JRCRA
Exempt)
Ouil Coett Wtite DtipoMi Aulhority
Heal Energy Advincod Technology, Inc. (HEAT)
Honeheid Recovery
Melone Service Co.
NSSl/Recovery Service*, Inc.
Olin (IF)
Partaiu
Recovery end Reclimtlion
Rhone-Poulenc B«ic Chemiceli Co.
Kollini EnviroiunenUl Servket (Ix), Inc.
Sifely-UeenCorp. Denton Recycle Center
Soulfaem Ciliforoie ChemiceU
SDC (SouthweM Env Servicei, Inc.)
EPA ID
TXD981514383
TXD046844700
TXD00076I2S4
TX 00008388%
TXD9806261S4
TXD0007I9S18
TXD097673I49
TXD008 117186
TXD 106829963
TXD0064SI090
TXD000742304
TXD074I9S678
TXDCGu895249
TXD980624035
TXD988087052
TXDOOS948740
TXD982560294
TXD008097487
TXD008 105959
TXD981S14268
TXD008099079
TXD05514I378
TXD077603371
TXD047823265
TXD03092336I
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Organic
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
laorgank
COMBUSTION
Pumpable
Incin
BIF
Incin
Incin
Nonpumpable
Incin
Incin
Fuel
Blend.
X
X
X
X
X
TREATMENT
Waste
Water
X
X
X
Stabilization
X
'**
IMNPIIS4I
Landfill
X
**
••
DeepwHi '
X
X
X
X
X
X
-------
1994
COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
T»MI Ecoloji*. Inc.
TXI, lnc.CT«*M InduiCriM) [CK|
TtMtmealOM
USPCI
•H^*^^—
REGION VU
EPA ID
p»—^B——•«"
TXD069452340
• i ' "
TXD007349327
._
TXD05513538I
-.. •-
TXD052649027
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
Ortuic
iMIflWC
COMBUSTION
BIF
BIF
F»d
Btad.
X
X
RIES
TREATMI
M^^^m™*™^
Waste
Water
«^B«^"*"^"»«™
X
•^^MWVMHBM
OT
SUbOii*tk»
-«——«•— ^—^—
X
•m^^w^M^w
DISPOSAL
LMdifil
X
DM***!
1
mui A
1UTTA
— 1
!..!.« ffXkiT* Wafiwlnn Wnrfrl 1
Aah Orova Cwntfit plant |CK1
HMfUaod/SununU Eov. Corp. (CK)
Lafana Corp [CK1
USPCI
MISSOURI
Burlington EnvironmtnMl
ConUneoul C«mnt (MFR, Inc.) (CK|
Doe Run Co. (RCRA Exempt)
Euex Witte Mgmnt. Service*. Inc.
Huudoui Wtrte Recovery, Inc.
IHeriUge EnvirommnUt Service*, Inc.
1CI Expletive*
InduKriil Fuel* And Reiource*. Inc.
Lorn Sut InduMriM |CK|
River Cement Co. , SelnwPtrk (Chemtech. LP) |CK|
:IAD022365480
1AD005289S06 1
KSD98I506025
KSDQ3120331I
KSD980739999
KSD007148034
KSD910633259
KSD007246846
MOD000610766
MODOS40182S8
MOD059200089
MOD980962849
MOD981 123391
MOD98 1505555
MOD077887909
MOD9806329S4
MOD981 127319
MOD050232560
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Incin
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
|
Incin
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
•^••B*^^— M^—
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
—
—
11
1
I
1
I
-------
COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTF
NAME
a le*y-kleen/Holmtn Cement
NEBRASKA
Aih Orove Cement PUnl
Ecov. (Wine T«ch Service*)
REGION VIII
COLORADO
EnviroMtve, Inc.
Hwy . 36 Und Development Co.
Chemkil Wute Management (OU A Solvent Proceii Co.)
EPA ID
MOD029729688
NED007260672
NED98I723513
COD983788688
COD99I3004M
COD98059I184
CAP MANAGEMENT CATE(J()RIES
RECOVERY
Metal
X
Organk
X
•Inorganic
COMBUSTION
Pumpable
BIF
BIF
Incin
Noapumpable
BIF
BIF
Incin
TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.
X
X
X
Waste
Water
X
X
X
Stabilization
X
X
DISPOSAL
Undfill
X
Deepwell
MONTANA
Aurco
MTD006230346
X
.
NORTH DAKOTA
No FtcithiM
SOUTH DAKOTA
NoFicitow.
UTAH
Aptui.lnc.
EngelBinl Cofpontkm (ctulyn recovery)
USPCI
USPCICIiv.
UTD98IS52177
UTD009073800
UTD99130I748
UTD982595795
X
WYOMING
Na F«cilitiei
Incin
Incin
Incin
Incin
X
HICGIONIX
ARIZONA
Allied Precioui MeUli Recyc. Inc.
Cypmi Miuni Mining Corporation
Recycling Reiourcei, Inc.
AZTOSOOI068S
AZD0606242SI
AZD0493 18009
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-------
iyy% COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
^_JilllB1]oic-T— ~ ' ***** ^-J""~ •'-• •"••"-• — t ' ' — •"
NAME
Romic Chemical Corp.
YVABUtet Ctibon-trizoni
World Reeourcea Co. (WRC)
CALIFORNIA
AAA DiMribution/Diy Clean Se»v.
American Diversified Silver, Inc.
Appropriate Technologiee (APTEC)
Bayday Chemical
Bolideo Mewch, Inc. WetMm D (RCRA Exempt)
Broco, Incotporaled
Cbem-tech Syrtemi, Inc.
Croiby A Overtoil, Inc.
Detnx/OoU Shield SolvenU
ECS Refining
Bn|dh»rd Weet, Inc.
Hokhem Inc (DBA Service* Chemical)
1 A B EntetpritM
tCanleoua Hillt TntUnent Facility - CWM
Unabunky Broe Sufpty Inc
jtdUw f n ImiriTmrl T'r' — . Iw.
ais!!aw Enviioatnea!*! Secvicss Jnc.
EPA ID
AZQ98089273I
AZD009015389
AZD902441263
AZD980735SOO
CAD9SI397417
CAD982S246I3
CAT0800I010I
CAT0800I2263
CAD077I82239
CAT080022M8
CAT08003368I
CAD981402522
CAD028409019
CAD02016I642
CAD070148432
CAD003963S92
CAT0006I2150
CAD98U6094S
CAD0978S4S4I
CAT000612333
CAD069138899
CAT000646II7
CADMU04UI
CAD000633IM
CAD98067S276
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Organic
X
X
X
X
X
X
Inorganic
X
X
COMBUSTION
Pumpablt
Noepuoapable
TREATMENT
Fuel
Bind.
— ^»»— ^^^—
X
Waste
Water
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Subilinlion
X
-J
MSrOSAL
Uadfiffl
X
X
X
Deepwdl
1
1
-------
NAME
Micro Metallic* Corporation
Norrii Environmental Services
Oil & Solvent Procew Co. (OSCO)
Omega Recovery Service* Corporation
Pepper Oil Co.
Pete** Metal Reclamation
POP Induetrie* Inc
Photo Watte Recycling Co., Inc.
Qucmetco
Quick Silver Product*
Oil ProceM Co. (Rolliiu OPC) Inc.
RboChem
Romic Chemical Corp.
Safey-ac^Coip.
Southern California Chemical*
Suntmh Environmenial Corporation
Superior Induttrie* Intematio
Syetach Environmenial Corp. /National Cement
Technichem, Inc.
TSM Recovery and Recycling Co.
USPCI Solvent Service Co., Inc.
EPA ID
CAD069I24717
CAD097030993
CAD008302903
CAD04224S001
CAL00004I748
CAD98 1685472
CAD060398229
CAD981 161367
CAD066233966
CAD98I424732
CADOSOS068SO
CAD008364432
CAD0094S2657
CADU93459485
CAD008488025
CAD089446710
CAD050809177
CAT08003I628
CAD98I375983
CADI08040858
CAOOS9494310
HAWAII
Uniuk Environmental Service, Inc. | HIT000603SI4
NEVADA
Elicarn (MR NOT IN CAP)
US Ecology, Inc.
I*J
NVD9KM95338
NVT3 30010000
CAT MAN At.f MINI ( 4UI.4WUH
RECOVERY
Metal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Organk
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Inorgajac
X
COMBUSTION
ruwpebl*
BIF
X
X
1
-P.**.
IKlAlMtM
Fad
Blend.
BIF \
We*.
W«t«r
X
X
X
X
X
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1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
REGION X
ALASKA
Altttu Pollution Control
IDAHO
EnviroMf* S«rvic*> Of Idaito, Inc.
OREGON
CbMkal WMU MfiM. gf tb. Notthwt*
UnyFmpombc. (RCRA EMO^X)
Tektronix, Inc.
WASHINGTON
by Zinc
Buriinjtoo EnvirootnettfiJ
Buriiofton EoviiaaiMattl
Burtinjton EavironmraUl
Burlington EnviroanMoUl
Buriiaftori EavironmmUl - Owxf Mown F«cU.
Cuncnm-YtJcima lac
NoitbwM Eavironurvicc, Inc.
Pttobunt RKbimiiK Swvic**, Inc.
SOL-PRO, Inc.
EPA ID
AKD9S306S635
IDD0731 14654
ORD0894S2353
ORD980979S46
ORD009QZ023I
WAD027530526
WAD0008I29I7
WAD99I281767
WAD020257945
WAD09230Q2SO
WAD0008I2909
WAD009477175
WAD058367152
WAlww)738512
WAD980511729
WAD98I769110
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
Meal
X
BBMBM
RECOVERY
Qrgtaac
X
In*rj»o»c
COMBUSTION
Pttnp»b4e
Nonpuisfiibls
TREATMENT
Fud
Bland.
X
X
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X
X
X
X
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••••^^iBV^HB^
X
•••^••^•1
X
X
X
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Water
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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=====
Seabilizttioa
X
X
X
X
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Btamasmsam
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-------
Appendix E
77
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CAP Management Categories
Discussion of Technologies
For each of the 12 CAP Management Categories, the main technologies used for each
category are described, including the types of waste recovered, treated or disposed. Each CAP
Management Category is comprised of a number of waste management technologies that are generally
intecchangable for managing broad types of wastes based on treatment performance.
Metals Recovery
Metals Recovery Technologies
Metals recovery technologies are designed to separate desired metals from other constituents
of hazardous wastes. The most common technologies, which are described below, are high
temperature metals recovery, retorting, secondary smelting, ion exchange, and acid leaching.
High temperature metals recovery is used to treat hazardous wastes that contain metals such
as cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, and zinc compounds. Metals are separated from the waste at
high temperatures through a thermochemical process using carbon, limestone, and silica as the
chemical agents. The constituents being recovered from the waste are heated so that they melt and/or
volatilize and can be recovered in metallic or oxide form from process vapors or from a molten bath.
The high temperature metals recovery process typically consists of a mixing unit, a high temperature
processing unit, a product collection system, and a residual treatment system. Other volatile metals,
such as arsenic or antimony, may be difficult to separate from the desired metal products and may
adversely affect the ability to reuse the recovered materials. Slag, the primary residual from the
process, is sometimes cooled in a quench tank and reused either directly or after further processing,
or, if the material has no recoverable value, it is land disposed after necessary treatment.
Retorting is similar to high temperature metals recovery in that it provides for recovery of
metals from wastes primarily by volatilization and subsequent collection an condensation of the
volatilized components. It is used primarily to remove elemental mercury, as well as mercury present
in the oxide, hydroxide, and sulfide forms from hazardous wastes.
Secondary smelting is also very similar to high temperature metals recovery, but is generally
used for processes that recover lead from hazardous wastes. In this process, waste passes through a
smelting furnace where the lead is concentrated into a bullion and separated from slag in molten form.
Ion exchange is primarily used to treat aqueous hazardous wastes with dissolved metals.
These wastes might also contain nonmetallic anions such as halides, sulfates, nitrates, and cyanides,
and water soluble ionic organic compounds. In ion exchange metals recovery, hazardous metal ions
are removed and replaced by nonhazardous ions.
Acid leaching is used-to treat hazardous wastes in solid or slurry form that either contain
metal constituents that are soluble in a strong acid solution or can be converted by reaction with a
strong acid to a soluble form. The acid leaching process is most effective with wastes that have high
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levels (over 1,000 parts per million) of metal constituents5. Leachate from acid leaching generally
requires further processing (e.g., ion exchange) to recover metals from the solution.
Inorganics Recovery
Inorganics Recovery Technologies
Acid regeneration is the primary technology for inorganics recovery and is used to recover
mainly halogen and sulfuric acids. These acids are recovered by halogen acid furnaces and sulfur
recovery furnaces, respectively, which are regulated under the Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (BIF)
Rule. Halogen acid furnaces typically process chlorinated and brominated secondary waste streams,
with 20 to 70 percent halogen content by weight, to produce either hydrogen chlorine or hydrogen
bromine6. Sulfur recovery furnaces are used by sulfuric acid plants to process used sulfuric acid and
other sulfur-containing wastes. Typical acid contaminants include organics, inorganics, and water.
The contaminated acids and other halogen- or sulfur-containing compounds are thermally decomposed
at elevated temperatures and the desired halogen or sulfur compounds captured from the exhaust
gases, such as by passing the gases through converted catalyst beds.
Organics Recovery
Organics Recovery Technologies
Organics recovery technologies are used to separate liquid organic wastes, primarily spent
solvents (both halogenated and nonhalogenated), for full or partial recovery. The most common
technologies, described below, are distillation and solvent extraction. Other technologies include
waste oil recovery and non-solvents organic recovery.
Distillation is a thermal treatment technology applicable to the treatment of wastes containing
organics that are volatile enough to be removed by the application of heat. Constituents that are not
volatilized may be reused or incinerated, as appropriate. Distillation is the process of separating
volatile materials using evaporation followed by condensation. The liquids to be separated must h«vt
different volatilities and the degree of separation of these liquids is limited by the difference in their
volatilities. Distillation for recovery can be limited by the presence of either volatile or thermally
reactive suspended solids.
Important distillation technologies are:
• Fractionation. This technology uses tray columns or packed towers equipped whb a
reboiler, condenser, and an accumulator The process is not applicable for liquids
with high viscosity at high temperature, liquids with a high concentration of solids,
polyurethanes, and inorganics. In general, die process is used where recovery of
3 Treatment Technology Background Document. January 1991, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Wi
page 184
• 56 JEE 7140
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multiple constituents is desired and the waste contains minimal amounts of suspended
solids. This process achieves a high product purity.
• Steam Stripping. This process is essentially fractionation with steam as the heat
source. It is typically applied to wastes with less than 1 percent volatile organics6.
• Batch Distillation. This technology uses a steam-jacketed vessel, a condenser, and a
product receiver. Pressurized steam is usually the source of heat.
• Thin Film Evaporation. This technology uses a steam-jacketed cylindrical vessel and
condenser, where the material trickles down the inside cylinder walls in thin streams,
and a distribution device spreads the film over the heated surface. It can be used to
treat highly concentrated organic wastes that contain low concentrations of suspended
solids.
Solvent extraction is used to treat wastes with a broad range of total organic content, such as
certain oil refinery wastes. Constituents are removed from the waste by mixing it with a solvent that
will preferentially dissolve the constituents of concern. The selection of a solvent depends on its
solubility with the organic compounds to be removed and the other constituents in the waste. The
waste and solvent must be physically immiscible so that after mixing the two immiscible phases can
be physically separated by gravity. The process can be either batch or continuous. The simplest,
least effective solvent extraction unit is a single-stage system (mixer-setter system). Other types of
solvent extraction systems include multi-stage contact extraction (basically a series of single-stage
units), countercurrent multi-stage extraction columns, and centrifugal contactors.
Stabilization/Chemical Fixation
Stabilization and chemical fixation refer to treatment processes that chemically or physically
immobilize the hazardous constituents in a waste by binding the hazardous constituents into a solid
mass. The resulting product has a low permeability that resists leaching.
Stabilization is used to treat wastes containing leachable metals and having a high filterable
solids content, low organic carbon content, and low oil and grease content. The leachable metals in a
waste are immobilized following the addition of stabilizing agents and other chemicals, and the
resulting lattice structure and/or chemical bonds bind the metals to the solid matrix and thereby limit
the amount of metal constituents that can be leached. The process normally requires a weighing
device, a mixing unit (typically commercial concrete mixers), and a curing vessel or pad. Advantages
of stabilization include inexpensive and plentiful raw materials and minimal pretreatment
requirements. The main disadvantage is that the large volumes of additives required greatly increase
the waste volume to be disposed. The main stabilization technologies are:
• Lime-Based Pozzolan Process. This technology treats sludges and contaminated soils
by adding large amounts of siliceous (silica) materials combined with a setting agent
such as lime, forming a dewatered stabilized solidified product. Contaminants can
include metals, waste oils, and solvents. Materials such as borates, sulfates, and
* Treatment Technologies Background Document, page 135
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carbohydrates interfere with the process.
• Portland Cement Pozzolan Process. This technology is similar to the lime-based
pozzolan process except that the waste is mixed with portland cement. The process is
effective for metal cations, latex and solid plastic wastes. Large amounts of dissolved
sulfate salts or metallic anions (such as arsenate and borates) can interfere with
solidification. Organic material, lignite, silt, or clay in the wastes will increase
setting time.
• Sorption. This technology, suitable for orgaoics and inorganics, is commonly used to
treat metal sludges removed from aqueous waste streams. Contaminants are bound up
in pozzolan-type matrices by physical or chemical sorption, yielding a stabilized,
easier to handle material. After treatment, the material is permeable and contains a
high concentration of contaminants at its surface; consequently, contaminants may
leach.
Two types of high temperature stabilization include vitrification and high temperature
calcination. The vitrification process involves dissolving the waste at high temperatures into glass or
a glasslike matrix. It is applicable to nonwastewaters containing arsenic (usually in form of arsenate
salts), other characteristic toxic metal constituents that are relatively nonvolatile at operating
temperature of the process, and certain wastes containing organometallic compounds. The process is
not applicable to volatile metallic compounds or wastes containing high levels of constituents that will
interfere with the vitrification process, such as chlorides and halogen salts. High temperature
calcination, applicable to inorganic wastes that do not contain volatile constituents, involves merely
heating the material at high temperatures. The waste is sometimes blended with lime before heating.
The process removes water from the waste, converts hydroxides to oxides, and converts the waste
into a coherent mass, reducing the surface area to a minimum.
Fixation processes are applicable to liquid, semi-liquid,'or solid wastes that may leach
hazardous constituents. The processes can effectively treat a variety of hazardous wastes containing
heavy metals, such as sludges from electroplating operations, ion-exchange resins from water
demineralization, spent activated carbon, pesticides, nickel-cadmium battery sludge, and pigment
production sludge. The process involves grinding a dewatered waste, mixing the resulting particles
with a hardening resin, placing the mixture in a mold, and heating the material until it fuses. The
product is hard, solid block with reduced teachability potential, improved handling, and minimal
volume increase (unlike conventional stabilization techniques). The most serious drawback is
uncertainty about long-term effectiveness.
In the main fixation technologies, asphalt-based and thermoplastic encapsulation, the
dewatered waste is mixed within either an asphalt bitumen, paraffin, or polyethylene matrix. These
technologies are applicable to hazardous wastes that are complex and difficult to treat, but should not
be used for waste with high-water content, strongly oxidizing contaminants, anhydrous inorganic
salts, tetraborates, iron and aluminum salts, or volatile organics.
Another stabilization/fixation technology is polymerization. This technology has been applied
to spills and used catalysts to convert a monomer or a low-order polymer of a particular compound to
a larger polymer. Larger polymers generally have greater chemical, physical, and biological stability.
The process is used to treat organics, including aromatics, aliphatics, and oxygenated monomers such
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as styrene, vinyl chloride, isoprene, and acrylonitrile. These technologies expand the volume of
hazardous wastes to be disposed.
Combustion-Pumpable and Combustion-Nonpumpable
As explained in the text of the Report, EPA has reorganized the four incineration and energy
recovery CAP Management Categories into two categories: Combustlon-pumpable and Combustion-
Nonpumpable combustion. Combustion-Pumpable includes energy recovery for liquids and
incineration of liquids and gases. Combustion-Nonpumpable includes energy recovery and
incineration for solids and sludges.
Combustion Technologies
Energy recovery systems burn hazardous waste for its fuel value. The capacity to burn
liquids as fuel dominates at a national level, as sludges and solids are not often burned for recovery.
Types of energy recovery systems are discussed below. See the discussion of inorganics recovery and
of fuel blending for related topics.
• Industrial Kilns. Cement and lightweight aggregate kilns can burn liquid hazardous
wastes for their heat value, (A few cement kilns also burn small containers of viscous
or solid hazardous waste fuels.) Typically, cement kilns blend the wastes with fossil
fuels while aggregate kilns burn 100 percent liquid hazardous waste.
• Industrial Boilers. Some industrial boilers can use limited amounts and types of
hazardous wastes as supplements to fossil fuels. The wastes are commonly blended
before using as fuel.
All of these units which are currently burning hazardous waste are operating under interim status and
have applied for RCRA Part B permits.
Incineration uses controlled, high-temperature combustion processes to break down the
organic compounds in a hazardous waste. The incineration of hazardous waste must be performed in
accordance with the incinerator design and emmissions regulations in 40 CFR, Subpart O.
Incinerators can burn pumpable waste (liquids and gases), nonpumpable waste (solids and sludges), or
both. Several types of incinerators are discussed below.
• Liquid Injection Incinerators. These incinerators are used widely for destruction of
liquid organic wastes. They operate by spraying the waste mixed with air into a
chamber where flame oxidation occurs.
• Rotary Kilns. Rotary kilns can treat most types of solids, liquids, and gases. They
consist of a long inclined tube where the waste is placed and rotated slowly as heat is
applied. The process is intended for solids, but liquids and gases can be mixed with
the solids.
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• Fluidized-bed Incinerators. Air is blown through a granular bed (usually sand) until
the particles are suspended and move and mix like a fluid. The heated particles come
in contact with the wastes to be incinerated and improve the heat transfer. This type
of incineration is ideal for sludge and slurries.
Other types of incinerators include two-stage and fixed hearth.
Fuel Blending
Fuel blending is the process of blending hazardous waste streams together, generally in tanks,
to obtain a fuel that meets the specifications of fuel burners (e.g., energy recovery systems). Fuel
blending is not a stand-alone treatment technology; the resulting fuels are subsequently burned, either
on or off site, by the systems described under the Combustiou-Pumpable and Combustion-
Nonpumpable CAP Management Categories.
Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment
This CAP Management Category covers a broad range of treatment technologies and treats
the largest volume of hazardous waste of any CAP Management Category. Wastes that are treated in
this category either undergo further treatment (under this or other CAP Management Categories) or
are sent for disposal. Many of these technologies are used together in one treatment system (e.g.,
chrome reduction followed by chemical precipitation). The discussion of these technologies is
organized by the principal type of waste treated: aqueous inorganic, aqueous organic, aqueous
inorganic and organic, sludge, and other.
Aqueous Inorganic Treatment
Chrome reduction (hexavalent) is applicable to waste!! containing hexavalent chromium
wastes, including plating solutions. The process uses a chemical reaction with a reducing agent, such
as sulfur dioxide or sodium bisulfite, to reduce chromium from a hexavalent to a trivalent state, so
that the chromium can be more easily precipitated. The reduced chromium compounds are
precipitated from the solution by raising the pH and the resulting insoluble form of chromium is
allowed to settle from the solution.
Cyanide destruction is applicable to wastes containing high concentrations of cyanide, such as
concentrated spent plating solutions. This technology is'often applied as pretreatment prior to
chemical oxidation. The waste is subject to electrolytic reaction with dissolved oxygen hi an aqueous
solution and broken down into carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and ammonia. The procedure is conducted
at elevated temperature, depends on the conductivity of waste, and occurs in a closed cell.
Chemical oxidation changes the chemical form of hazardous material through a chemical
reaction with an oxidizing agent that produces carbon dioxide, water, salts, and simple organic acids.
Principal chemical oxidants include hypochlorite, chlorine gas, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide,
ozone, and potassium permanganate. This technology is used to treat wastes containing organics,
sulfide wastes, and certain cyanide and metal wastes.
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Chemical precipitation is used to treat wastewaters containing metals and other inorganic
substances such as fluoride. The process removes these metals and inorganics from solution in the
form of insoluble solid precipitate by adding a precipitating agent (e.g., lime, caustic (NaOH), sodium
sulfide). The solids that form are then separated from the wastewater by settling, clarification, and/or
polishing filtration. Pretreatment may be required for some wastewaters, such as those that contain
chromium or cyanide.
Ion excJtange is used to treat hazardous wastewaters with metals that are present as soluble
ionic species, nonmetallic anions such as halides, sulfates, nitrates, and cyanides, and water soluble
ionic organic compounds. Typically, the waste constituents are removed when a waste solution is
percolated through a granular bed of the ion exchanger, in which ions from the waste are exchanged
with those in the ion exchanger.
Reverse osmosis involves a dilute solution and concentrated solution separated by a semi-
permeable membrane. When high pressure is added to the concentrated side, the solution flows
through the membrane to the more dilute side, collecting waste constituents that are unable to pass
through the membrane.
Aqueous Organic Treatment
Biological treatment processes are used to decompose hazardous organic substances with
microorganisms. These processes require stable operating conditions and usually take place in tanks
or lagoons. The most common type is aerobic biological treatment, including activated sludge
treatment. This method treats wastewaters with low levels of nonhalogenated organics and certain
halogenated organics.
Carbon adsorption is used to treat aqueous organic wastewaters with high molecular weights
and boiling points and low solubility and polarity, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and aromatics (e.g.,
phenol). The wastewater is passed through activated carbon beds which attract and hold (adsorb) the
organic waste constituents (and possibly inorganics and metals), removing them from the water.
Air stripping is a process used to treat aqueous organic waste with relatively high volatility
and low water solubility. The volatile contaminants are evaporated into the air and captured for
subsequent treatment. Steam stripping is used to treat aqueous organic wastes contaminated with
chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatics, ketones, and alcohols. This technology can treat less volatile
and more soluble wastes than air stripping and can handle a wide concentration range. First, steam is
used to evaporate volatile organics. The evaporated organics are then captured, condensed, and
reused or further treated.
Aqueous Inorganic/Organic Treatment
Wet air oxidation is used to treat aqueous waste streams with less than five percent organics,
pesticides wastes, and wastewaters containing sulfur, cyanide, or phenolic compounds. It is not
recommended for treating aromatic halogenated organics, inorganics, or large volumes of waste. The
aqueous solution is heated in the presence of compressed air and dissolved or finely divided organics
are oxidized. These oxidized products usually remain in the liquids phase. These liquids can. then
further treated or sent for disposal. An important advantage of wet air oxidation is that it accepts
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waste with organic concentrations ranging between those considered ideal for biological treatment or
for incineration.
Sludge Treatment
Sludge dewatering (sludge filtration) is used for waste:} with high concentrations of suspended
solids (generally higher than 1 percent). Sludges can be dewatered to 20 to 50 percent solids. Hie
solid particles are separated from the waste through a filter that permits fluid flow but retains the
particles. For this technology, waste can be pumped through a porous filter, drawn by vacuum
through a cloth filter, or gravity-drained and mechanically pressured through two continuous fabric
belts.
Solvent extraction is used to treat wastes with a broad range of total organic content, such as
certain oil refinery wastes. Constituents are removed from the waste by mixing it with a solvent that
will preferentially dissolve the constituents of concern. The waste and solvent must be physically
immiscible so that after mixing the two immiscible phases can be physically separated by gravity.
Other sludge treatment methods include addition of excess lime or caustic to increase the
alkalinity of the waste and absorption/adsorption processed to remove liquid from the sludge.
Other Wastewaters Treatment
Neutralization is used to treat waste acids and alkalies (bases) hi order to eliminate or reduce
their reactivity and corrosiveness. In this process, an excess of acidic ions (H+) is balanced with an
excess of base ions (OH") to form a neutral solution.
Evaporation is physical separation of a liquid from a dissolved or suspended solid by adding
energy to volatilize the liquid. It can be applied to any mixture of liquids and nonvolatile solids. The
liquid should volatilize at reasonable temperature.
There are many types of settling/clarification processes. One type is sedimentation, which is
a gravity-settling process that allows heavier solids to separate from fluid by collecting at the bottom
of a containment vessel such as settling ponds or a circular clarifier. Additional treatment is usually
needed for the liquid and separated sludge. Flocculation is the addition of a chemical to a waste to
enhance sedimentation and centrifugation, primarily for inorganic precipitation.
Phase separation refers to processes such as emulsion breaking and filtration. Emulsion
breaking uses gravitational force to separate liquids with sufficiently different densities, such as oil
and water. This process is enhanced by adding certain acids. Filtration is a process of separating and
removing suspended solids from a liquid by passing die liquid through a porous medium (see sludge
dewatering). Polishing filtration, applied to wastewaters containing relatively low concentrations of
solids, is used after chemical precipitation and settling/clarificadon of wastewaters containing
inorganic precipitates to remove additional particles, such as those that are difficult to settle because
of their shape or density.
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Landfill
Land Disposal Methods
The land/in category includes landfill and surface impoundment disposal. Waste disposed in
a landfill is placed on or beneath the surface of the ground and covered wkh soil or other material, to
isolate the wastes from the environment. Landfills are required to have double liners, leachate
collection systems, and ground-water monitoring programs. Wastes not permitted to be disposed in
landfills include bulk or non-containerized liquid nonhazardous and hazardous waste, or free liquids
containing hazardous waste. In addition, wastes such as acids must be segregated to prevent reactions
with other wastes or waste constituents.
A surface impoundment is a natural topographic depression, man-made excavation, or diked
area, such as a pond, pit, or lagoon, that can be used for disposal if the closure requirements for a
landfill are followed. Surface impoundments are open on the surface and are designed to accumulate
organic and inorganic liquid wastes, sludges, and slurries. Surface impoundments are now required
to have double liners, leachate collection systems, and routine inspections7
Under the RCRA Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) program, hazardous wastes generally
cannot be disposed in landfills or surface impoundments until after the waste has been properly
treated. Thus, disposal facilities receive treatment residuals, such as incinerator ash or stabilized
wastes1.
Data Issues
Unlike other CAP Management Categories, landfill capacity is non-renewable; that is, landfill
capacity used in one year is not available hi die next. (Thus, the units for capacity data are in tons
not tons/year.) Without the addition of new landfill capacity by the siting of new facilities or
expansion of existing facilities, landfill capacity declines over tune.
The landfill capacity data include landfill cells that are not yet permitted, but are at landfills
that are permitted and operating. Also, two states have imposed annual limits on the amount of
hazardous waste diat commercial landfills La their states can receive. The national assessment
methodology assumes that these annual limits, reflect die actual capacity in these states.
Beepwell/Underground Injection
DfepweU/underground injection is the disposal of hazardous wastewaters by injection into
underground rock formations. Wastes are injected tiuough bored, drilled, or driven wells, or throaffc
dug wells where the depth of the well is greater than its largest surface dimension. The disposal
method relies on hydrogeological principles of the movement of liquids in layers of deep underground
rock; the most desirable injection zone has sedimentary rocks with sufficient permeability, thickness,
depth, and areal extent. Underground injection is used mostly for wastewaters that are difficult and
7 40 CFR 268.4
1 40 CFR 268.40
86
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costly to treat by surface methods, biologically inactive, noncorrosive, free of suspended solids, and
unlikely to react adversely with the rock strata or the fluid used to pressurize the wells. Much of the
waste is pretreated to remove suspended solids or adjust the pH. As noted for the Landfill category,
hazardous wastes generally cannot be disposed in underground injection wells unless the applicable
LDR treatment standards are met9. Capacity amounts are determined by permit. Note that many of
the wastewater treatment technologies are technically capable of also treating the wastes being
disposed through deepwell and underground injection.
Land Treatment/Fanning
Wastes disposed by land treatment/farming must meet LDR treatment standards before land
disposal and the land treatment facilities must meet minimum technology standards10. This disposal
method is only used at onsite and captive facilities; it is not used commercially and the National
Assessment does not include projections for this CAP Management Category. Land
treatment/farming is used to dispose of biodegradable hazardous wastes by depositing the wastes on or
near the soil surface, mixing the wastes with the soil using conventional plow techniques, and
allowing the wastes to be naturally decomposed by microbes such as algae and bacteria. The
hazardous wastes, including organic liquid wastes and sludges, often require pretreatment before
disposal to reduce or eliminate their hazardous attributes. The effectiveness of waste degradation is
affected by many factors including the density and makeup of the microbe populations, which vary
with soil depth and geographic location, and the care given to the waste after being deposited. The
regulatory standards for this technology require the owner or operator to establish a program to
ensure that hazardous constituents placed within the facility's treatment zone are degraded,
transformed, or mobilized within that zone"
Transfer/Storage
This CAP Management Category captures those hazardous wastes that are shipped off site to
transfer facilities which store the waste for short periods of tune, sometimes bulking the waste with
other shipments, and then shipping the waste to hazardous waste management facilities. The
hazardous waste must be stored for less than 10 days, or the transfer facility becomes subject to the
standards and permitting requirements for hazardous waste management facilities. If the waste is
stored 10 days or less, the facility is subject only to transporter regulations12. Transporters that mix
hazardous wastes with different Department of Transportation (DOT) shipping descriptions in the
same container are classified as generators and must comply with the relevant RCRA Subtitle C
regulations.
9 40 CFR 148.1
10 40 CFR 264.271
11 40 CFR 264.271
12 40 CFR 268.50
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