United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Research and
Development
Washington DC 20460
EPA/540/R-99/500b
February 1999
Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation
Program
Technology Profiles
Tenth Edition
Volume 2
Emerging Technology
Program
SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
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EPA/540/R-99/500b
February 1999
SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
Technology Profiles
Tenth Edition
Volume 2
Emerging Technology Program
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Printed on Recycled Paper
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NOTICE
The development of this document was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under
Contract No. 68-C5-0037, Work Assignment No. 0-32, to Tetra Tech EM, Inc. The document was
subjected to the Agency's administrative and peer review and was approved for publication as an EPA
document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use at any particular hazardous waste site.
11
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FOREWORD
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged by Congress with protecting the Nation's
land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, EPA strives to formulate-
and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities and the ability of the
natural systems to support and nurture life. To meet these mandates, EPA's research program is providing
data and technical support for solving environmental problems today and building a science knowledge base
necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our health, and
prevent or reduce environmental risks in the future.
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), is EPA's center for investigating
technological and management approaches for reducing risks from threats to human health and the
environment. The focus of NRMRL's research program is on methods for preventing and controlling
pollution to air, land, water, and subsurface resources; protecting water quality in public water systems;
remediating contaminated sites and groundwater; and preventing and controlling indoor air pollution. The
goal of this research effort is to catalyze development and implementation of innovative, cost-effective
environmental technologies; develop scientific and engineering information needed by EPA to support
regulatory and policy decisions; and provide technical support and information transfer to ensure effective
implementation of environmental regulations and strategies.
This document has been produced as part of NRMRL's strategic long-term research plan. It is published
and made available by EPA's Office of Research and Development to assist the user community and to link
researchers with their clients.
E. Timothy Oppelt, Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
in
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ABSTRACT
The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program, now in its thirteenth year, is an integral
part of EPA's research into alternative cleanup methods for hazardous waste sites around the nation. The
SITE Program was created to encourage the development and routine use of innovative treatment and
monitoring and measurement technologies. Under the program, EPA enters into cooperative agreements
with technology developers. These developers research and refine their innovative technologies at bench-
or pilot-scale and then, with EPA's support, demonstrate them at hazardous waste sites. As a result, the
SITE Program provides environmental decision-makers with data on new, viable treatment technologies
that may have performance or cost advantages compared to traditional treatment technologies.
The SITE profiles documents, prepared between July 1998 and October 1998, are intended as reference
guides for those interested in technologies participating in the SITE Demonstration Program (Volume I),
Emerging Technology Program (Volume D), and Monitoring and Measurement Technologies (MMT)
Program (Volume EH). The two-page profiles are organized into two sections for each program (except
for the MMT Program) for completed and ongoing projects, and are presented in alphabetical order by
developer name. Reference tables for SITE Program participants precede the sections and contain EPA
and developer contacts. Inquiries about a SITE technology evaluation or the SITE Program should be
directed to the specific EPA project manager; inquiries on the technology process should be directed to the
specific technology developer.
Each technology profile contains (1) a technology developer and process name, (2) a technology
description, including a schematic diagram or photograph of the process (if available), (3) a discussion of
waste applicability, (4) a project status report, and (5) EPA project manager and technology developer
contacts. The profiles also include summaries of demonstration results, if available. The technology
description and waste applicability sections are written by the developer. EPA prepares the status and
demonstration results sections.
A Trade Name Index and Applicability Index are also included in the back of each volume. The Trade
Name Index allows the reader to identify a technology based on current trade name, former trade name,
current company name, and former company name. The Applicability Index is organized by 11 media
categories, 19 waste categories, and 14 technology type categories.
IV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
NOTICE ii
FOREWORD m
ABSTRACT iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii
SITE PROGRAM DESCRIPTION . 1
SITE PROGRAM CONTACTS 6
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM . ." 7
Completed Emerging Technology Program Projects
AEA Technology PLC, National Environmental Technology Centre
(Soil Separation and Washing Process) 16
Arizona State University/Zentox Corporation
(Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air Stripping) 18
ART International, Inc. (Low-Energy Extraction Process [LEEP®]) 20
Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (Chemical Treatment and Ultrafiltration) 22
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
(Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate Treatment) 24
Battelle: Memorial Institute (In Situ Electroacoustic Soil Decontamination) . . . 26
BioTrol® (Methanotrophic Bioreactor System) 28
Center for Hazardous Materials Research
(Acid Extraction Treatment System) 30
Center for Hazardous Materials Research
(Organics Destruction and Metals Stabilization) 32
COGNIS, Inc. (Biological/Chemical Treatment) k . . 34
Concurrent Technologies (Smelting Lead-Containing Waste) . 36
ENERGIA, Inc. (Reductive Photo-Dechlorination Treatment) . . . 38
Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (^brid Fluidized Bed System) 40
Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (Reactor Filter System) 42
Environmental Biotechnologies, Inc. (Fungal Degradation Process) 44
Ferro Corporation (Waste Vitrification Through Electric Melting) 46
General Atomics, Nuclear Remediation Technologies Division
(Acoustic Barrier Particulate Separator) , 48
Harding Lawson Associate (Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In Situ Treatment Strategy) 50
Hazardous Substance Management Research Center ait New Jersey Institute
of Technology and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
(Pneumatic Fracturing and Bioremediation Process) 52
High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc.
(High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation) 54
Institute of Gas Technology (Chemical and Biological Treatment) 56
Institute of Gas Technology (Fluid Extraction-Biological Degradation Process) 58
Institute of Gas Technology (Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic Agglomerating Combustor) 60
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
Page
CompletedJSmerging Technology Program Projects (Continued)
Institute of Gas Technology (Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation) 62
IT Corporation (Batch Steam Distillation and Metal Extraction) 64
IT Corporation (Chelation/Electrodeposition of Toxic Metals from Soils) 66
IT Corporation (Mixed Waste Treatment Process) 68
IT Corporation (Photolytic and Biological Soil Detoxification) 70
IT Corporation (Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor) 72
KSE, Inc. (Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction Process) 74
Lewis Environmental Services, Inc./Hickson Corporation
(Chromated Copper Arsenate Soil Leaching Process) 76
Media & Process Technology (Bioscrubber) 78
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. (VaporSep® Membrane Process) 80
Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology
(Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone) 82
Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology
(Campbell Centrifugal Jig) 84
New Jersey Institute of Technology (GHEA Associates Process) 86
PSI Technologies, A Division of Physical Sciences Inc.
(Metals Immobilization and Decontamination of Aggregate Solids) 88
Pulse Sciences, Inc. (X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous Solutions) . . 90
RECRA Environmental, Inc. (Alternating Current Electrocoagulation Technology) 92
Remediation Technologies, Inc. (Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas Treatment) 94
Resource Management & Recovery (AlgaSORB® Biological Sorption) 96
State University of New York at Oswego, Environmental Research Center
(Electrochemical Peroxidation of PCB-Contaminated Sediments and Waters) 98
Svedala Industries, Inc. (PYROKILN THERMAL ENCAPSULATION Process) 100
Thermatrix, Inc. (Photolytic Oxidation Process) 102
Trinity Environmental Technologies, Inc.
(PCB- and Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil Detoxification) 104
University of Dayton Research Institute (Photothermal Detoxification Unit) . 106
University of South Carolina (In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water) 108
University of Washington (Adsorptive Filtration) 110
UV Technologies, Inc. (PhotoCAT™ Process) 112
Western Product Recovery Group, Inc.
(Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and Adsorption Process) 114
Roy F. Weston, Inc. (Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent) 116
Ongoing Emerging Technology Program Projects
Electrokinetics, Inc. (In Situ Bioremediation by Electrokinetic Injection) 120
ENERGIA, Inc. (Reductive Thermal and Photo-Thermal Oxidation
Processes for Enhanced Conversion of Chlorocarbons) 122
Geo-Microbial Technologies, Inc. (Metals Release and Removal from Wastes) 124
VI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
Ongoing Emerging Technology Program Projects (Continued)
IT Corporation (Oxygen Microbubble In Situ Bioremediation) 126
Phytokinetics, Inc. (Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils) . 128
Pintail Systems, Inc. (Biomineralization of Metals) . 130
Pulse Sciences, Inc. (X-Ray Treatment of Organically Contaminated Soils) 132
Thermo NUtech (Segmented Gate System) 134
University of Houston (Concentrated Chloride Extraction and Recovery of Lead) 136
University of Wisconsin-Madison (Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and Removal) 138
DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FROM THE U.S. EPA
NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY,
SUPERFUND TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION DIVISION . . . 141
VIDEO REQUEST FORM 153
TRADE NAME INDEX . 157
APPLICABILITY INDEX 167
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES 2
2 INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM 3
3 INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM . . 4
Table
1
LIST OF TABLES
COMPLETED SITE EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM PROJECTS
AS OF OCTOBER 1998 8
ONGOING SITE EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM PROJECTS
AS OF OCTOBER 1998 . . 118
VII
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The project manager responsible for the preparation of this document is Teri Richardson of EPA's National
Risk Management Research Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio. This document was prepared under the
direction of Robert Olexsey, Director of the Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division. Key
program area contributors for EPA include Stephen Billets, Annette Gatchett, and Randy Parker. Special
acknowledgement is given to the individual EPA SITE project managers and technology developers who
provided guidance and technical support.
Tetra Tech EM, Inc. prepared this document under the direction and coordination of Teri Richardson and
Annette Gatchett.
via
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ff f f f -. sssjj,s
-smmoGE&M DESCRIPTION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
Program, now in its thirteenth year, encourages the development and implementation of (1) innovative
treatment technologies for hazardous waste site remediation, and (2) characterization and monitoring
technologies for evaluating the nature and extent of hazardous waste site contamination.
The SITE Program was established by EPA's Office of-Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER)
and the Office of Research and Development (ORD) in response to the 1986 Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA), which recognized a need for an "Alternative or Innovative Treatment
Technology Research and Demonstration Program." The SITE Program is administered by ORD's
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio.
The SITE Program includes the following component programs:
• Demonstration Program - Evaluates and verifies cost and performance of promising innovative
technologies at selected hazardous waste sites to provide reliable performance, cost, and applicability
information for site clean-up decision making
• Emerging Technology Program - Provides funding to developers to continue research efforts from
the bench- and pilot-scale levels to promote the development of innovative technologies
• Monitoring and Measurement Technologies Program - Evaluates technologies that detect,
monitor, and measure hazardous and toxic substances to provide more cost-effective methods for
producing real-time data during site characterization and remediation
• Technology Transfer Program - Disseminates technical information, including engineering,
performance, and cost data, on innovative technologies to remove impediments for using innovative
technologies
!
This Technology Profiles document, a product of the Technology Transfer Program, describes completed
and ongoing projects in the Demonstration, Emerging Technology, and Monitoring and Measurement
Programs. Figure 1 shows the relationship among the programs and depicts the process of technology
development from initial concept to commercial use.
In the Demonstration Program, the technology is field-tested on hazardous waste materials. Engineering
and cost data are gathered on the innovative technology so that potential users can assess the technology's
applicability to a particular site. Data collected during the field demonstration are used to assess the
performance of the technology, the potential need for pre- and post-processing of the waste, applicable
types of wastes and waste matrices, potential operating problems, and approximate capital and operating
costs.
Page 1
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COMMERCIALIZATION
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER
TECHNOLOGY
DEMONSTRATION
Field-Scale Demonstration
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED
Pilot-Scale Testing
Bench-Scale Studies
CONCEPTUALIZATION
Figure 1: Development of Innovative Technologies
At the conclusion of a SITE demonstration, EPA prepares an Innovative Technology Evaluation Report
(ITER), Technology Evaluation Report (TER), a Technology Capsule, and a Demonstration Bulletin.
Often, a videotape of the demonstration is also prepared. These reports evaluate all available information
on the technology and analyze its overall applicability to other site characteristics, waste types, and waste
matrices. Testing procedures, performance and cost data, and quality assurance and quality control
standards are also presented. These demonstration documents are distributed by EPA to provide reliable
technical data for environmental decision-making and to promote the technology's commercial use.
The Demonstration Program currently has 106 developers conducting 116 demonstrations. Of these
projects, 85 demonstrations are complete and 28 are ongoing. The projects are divided into the following
categories: thermal destruction (10), biological degradation (21), physical/chemical treatment (45),
solidification/stabilization (10), physical/chemical radioactive waste treatment (2), physical/chemical
thermal desorption (19), physical/chemical biological degradation (1), materials handling (3), and other
(2). Several technologies represent more than one treatment category. Figure 2 shows the breakdown of
technologies in the Demonstration Program. Profiles for technologies demonstrated under the
Demonstration Program are located in Volume I.
Page 2
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Biological
Degradation
21
Physical/Chemical / 4J*
45
Solidification/Stabilization
10
Other 2
Thermal
Destruction
10
Physical/Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Materials Handling II«IM" " Treatment
3 Physcial/Chemical *
Physical/Chemical Thermal Desorption
Biological ^
Degradation
1
Figure 2: Innovative Technologies in the Demonstration Program
Under the Emerging Technology Program, EPA provides technical and financial support to developers for
bench- and pilot-scale testing and evaluation of innovative technologies that are at a minimum proven on
the conceptual and bench-scale levels. The program provides an opportunity for a private developer to
research and develop a technology for field application and possible evaluation under the Demonstration
Program. A technology's performance is documented in a Final Report, journal article, Summary, and
Bulletin.
EPA has provided technical and financial support to 77 projects in the Emerging Technology Program.
Of these projects, 66 are completed, 7 are continuing in the program, and 4 have exited the program.
Eighteen Emerging Technology Program projects are participating in the Demonstration Program, and 7
of these demonstration projects are competed. The 73 active technologies are divided into the following
categories: thermal destruction (9), physical/chemical treatment (38), biological degradation (19.),
solidification/stabilization (2), and materials handling (5). Figure 3 displays the breakdown of technologies
in the Emerging Technology Program. Profiles for technologies demonstrated under the Emerging
Technology program are located hi Volume II. .
Page 3
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Materials
Handling
5
Thermal
Destruction
g Solidification/
Stabilization 2
Biological Degradation
19
Figure 3: Innovative Technologies in the Emerging Technology Program
I .
The Monitoring and Measurement Technologies (MMT) Program's goal is to assess innovative and
alternative monitoring, measurement, and site characterization technologies. To date, 38 technology
demonstrations have occurred under the MMT Program. These demonstrations have included four cone
penetrometers, 6 field portable X-ray fluorescence units, 6 portable gas chromatographs, 4
spectrophotometers, 12 field test kits, and 6 soil samplers. Profiles for technologies demonstrated under
the MMT Program are located in Volume HI.
In the Technology Transfer Program, technical information on innovative technologies in the
Demonstration Program, Emerging Technology Program, and MMT Program is disseminated to increase
the awareness and promote the use of innovative technologies for assessment and remediation at Superfund
sites. The goal of technology transfer activities is to promote communication among individuals requiring
current technical information for conducting site investigations and cleanups.
The Technology Transfer Program reaches the environmental community through many media, including:
• Program-specific regional, state, and industry brochures
• On-site Visitors' Days during SITE demonstrations
• Demonstration videotapes
• Project-specific fact sheets to comply with site community relations plans
• ITERs, Demonstration Bulletins, Technology Capsules, and Project Summaries
• The SITE Exhibit, displayed nationwide and internationally ait conferences
• Networking through forums, associations, regions, and states
• Technical assistance to regions, states, and remediation cleanup contractors
Page 4
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SITE information, including an electronic version of this document, is available through the following
on-line information clearinghouses:
SITE Program Home Page: http://www.epa.gov/ORD/SITE
Alternative Treatment Technology Information Center (ATTIC)
Internet Access: http://www.epa.gov/attic
Cleanup Information Bulletin Board System (CLU-IN)
Help Desk: 301-589-8368; Internet Access: http://www.clu-in.org
EPA Remediation and Characterization Innovative Technologies
Internet Access: http://www. epa.reachit.org
Groundwater Remediation Technologies Center
Internet Access: http://www.gwrtac.org
Technical reports may be obtained by calling the National Service Center for Environmental Publications
in Cincinnati, Ohio. To find out about newly published documents or to be placed on the SITE mailing list,
call or write to:
USEPA/NSCEP .
P.O. Box 42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
1-800-490-9198
Page 5
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1
The, SITE Program is administered by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), specifically the
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL). For further information on the SITE Program
or its component programs contact:
Land Remediation and
Pollution Control Division
Robert Olexsey
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 4S268
513-569-7861
Fax: 513-569-7620
Monitoring and
lyf easurem ent Program
Stephen Billets
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-3478
702-798-2232
Fax:702-798-2261
Remediation and
Control Branch
John Martin
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513-569-7758
Fax: 513-569-7620
Annette Gatchett
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513-569-7697
Fax:513-569-7620
; •,;•.' •••••it... Et':: ':-• *•. • :•.,.( vitt'f .".''
.:<< Emerging Technology
' "''"''''"
,. ,, ,., .,.,
Randy Parker
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
i 513-569-7271
Fax:513-569-7620
Treatment and
Destruction Branch
r,
Laurel Slaley
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513-569-7863
Fax: 513-569-7105
SITE Management
Support Branch
Patricia Erickson
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
513-569-7884
Fax:513-569-7676
Page 6
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The Emerging Technology Program provides an opportunity to research and develop technologies at bench-
and pilot-scale levels. The goal is to promote and support the development of alternative technologies for
field applications at Superfund site remediations.
Technologies were solicited yearly for the Emerging Technology Program through Requests for
Preproposal. After a technical review of the preproposals, selected candidates were invited to submit a
Cooperative Agreement Application and detailed project proposal that underwent another full technical
review. The Cooperative Agreement between EPA and the technology developer required cost sharing.
Projects were considered for either a 1- or 2-year developmental effort, providing awards of up to
$150,000 per year, with a maximum of $300,000 over 2 years. Second-year funding depended on
achieving significant progress during the first year. After the second year or significant progress, emerging
technologies were considered for the SITE Demonstration Program.
To enable EPA to accept additional technologies into the Emerging Technology Program, Interagency
Agreements have been made between EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Air
Force (USAF). DOE has helped fund 21 projects, and USAF has helped fund eight projects.
Fifty-one Emerging Technology Program projects have been completed, and several more will be
completed in 1999. Completed Emerging Technology Program participants are presented in alphabetical
order in Table 1 and in the technology profiles that follow; ongoing program participants are presented in
alphabetical order in Table 2 and in the profiles that follow.
Page 7
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I
00
TABLE 1
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of October 1998
Developer
AEA Technology PLC,
National Environmental
Technology Centre (formerly
Warren Spring Laboratory),
Oxfordshire, England
Arizona State University/
Zentox Corporation)
Tempe,AZ
ART International, Inc.
(formerly Enviro-Sciences,
Inc.),
Denville, NJ
Atomic Energy <»f Canada^
Limited,
Chalk River, Ontario, Caaada
Atomic Energy of Canada,
Limited,
Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
Battelle Memorial Institute,
Columns* OH
Technology
Soil Separation and
Washing Process
PhotQcatalyfie
Oxidation wtthAk
Stripping "•
Low-Energy Extraction
Process (LEEP®)
Chemical treatment
aadttltrafilttatiott
Ultrasonic-Aided
Leachate Treatment
In Situ Elecfroacoustie
Soil Decontamtaafioa
Technology
Contact
Steve Barber
011-44-1235-463062
Gregory Raupp
602-965-2828
Elliot Berman
352-867-1320
Werner Steiner
201-627-7601
Leo Buckley
LesJyJosefeuk: :-
613-5S4~3311
Shavm Cotnam
Dr. Shiv Vijayan
613-584-3311, ext.
3220/6057
Safya Chauhan
614424-4812
EPA Project
Manager
Mary Stinson
908-321-6683
Notma Lewis
513-569-7665
Jack Hubbard
513-569-7507
JohnMartfa
5i3-50-7?58
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Sandy Parker
513-569-7271
Applicable
Media
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Air Streams
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Qroundwater,
teachatej
Wastewatef
Acid Mine
Drainage
Soil
Applicable Waste
Inorganic
Metals
Not Applicable:
Not Applicable
Beavy Metals
Heavy Metals,
Radionuclides
Heavy Metals
Organic
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons, PAHs
VOCs
Tar, Creosote, PCBs,
Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons, PAHs,
Pesticides
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
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TABLE 1 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of October 1998
Developer
BioTroI®,
Eden Prairie, MN
Center for Hazardous
Materials .Research,
BtKburghvPA
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research,
Pittsburgh, PA
COGNIS, Inc.
Concurrent Technologies
(formerly Center for
Hazardous Mnteri*h
Research)
Pittsburgh, £A
Energia,Inc.
Princeton, NJ
Energy and Environmental
Research Corperaltpn,"
Jrvtee,€A
Technology
Methanotrophic
Bioreactor System
Acid Extraction
Treatment System.
Organics Destruction
and Metals Stabilization
Biological/Chemical
Treatment
Smelting Lead*
Containing Waste
Reductive Photo-
Dechlorination
Treatment
HybridFhiidizsdBed
System
Technology
Contact
Durell Dobbins
612-942-8032
Stephen Paff
412-825-5321
etf.233
Stephen Paff
412-826-5321
ext. 233
Not Available
Brian Bosilovich
412-826-5321,
ext.130
Moshe Lavid
609-799-7970
Richard Koppang
714-85^?851
EPA Project
Manager
David Smith
303-293-1475
George Moore
513:*5$9-?991
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Steven Rock
513-569-7149
Laurel Staley
513-569*7863
Michelle Simon
513-569-7469
Teri Richardson
513-569-7949
Applicable
Media
Water
SoO
Soil, Sediment
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Solids, Lead*
Containing Waste
Liquids, Solids,
Gas
SoD, Sludge
Applicable Waste
Inorganic
Not Applicable
Heavy Metals
Heavy Metals
Heavy Metals
Lead
Not Applicable
Volatile Inorganics,
Mefols
Organic
Halogenated
Hydrocarbons
Not Applicable
Nonspecific Organics
Nonspecific Organics
Not Applicable
Volatile Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons
Nonspecific Organics
(o
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TABLE 1 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of October 1998
Developer
Energy and Environmental
Research Corporation,
Irvine, CA
Environmental Biotechnologies
San Carlos, CA
Ferro Corporation,
Independence, OH
General Atomics, Nuclear
Remediation Technologies
Division
San Diego, CA
Harding Lawson Associates
(Formerly ABB
Environmental Services,
Inc.)
Wakefield, MA
Technology
Reactor Filter System
Fungal Degradation
Process
Waste Vitrification
Through Electric
Melting
Acoustic Barrier
Paiticulate: Separator
Two-Zone, Plume
Interception, In Situ
Treatment Strategy
Technology
Contact
NeilWidmer
714-859-8851
Douglas Munnecke
415-596-1020
S.K. Muralidhar
216-641-8580
Anthony <3attuso
619-455-2910
Jaret Johnson
Willard Murray
781-246-6606
EPA Project
Manager
Steven Rock
513-569-7149
Ronald JLewis
513-569-7856
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Ronald Lewis
513<-569-7«56
Ronald Lewis
513-569-7856
Applicable
Media
Gas Emissions
Soil, Sediment
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Soil, Sediment,
Sludges, Other
Solid "Wastes,
Liquid Wastes
Groundwater,
Soils
Applicable Waste
inorganic
Volatile Toxic Metals
Not Applicable
Nonspecific Inorganics
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Organic
Condensed-Phase
Organics
Coal Tar
Nonspecific Organics
SVOCs
Chlorinated and
Nonchlorinated
Organics
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TABLE 1 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of October 1998
Developer
Hazardous Substance
Management Research
Center at New Jersey
Institute of Technology, and
Rutgers, The State
University of New Jersey,
Newark, NJ
High. Voltage Environmental
Applications, Inc. (formerly
Electron Beam Research
Facility, Florida
International University, and
University of Miami),***
Miami, FL
Institute of Gas Technology,"
Des Plaines, IL
Institute of Gas Technology "
Des Plaines, IL
Institute of Gas Technology,
Des Plaines, IL
Technology
Pneumatic Fracturing
and Bioremediation
Process
High-Energy Electron
Irradiatioa •
Chemical and
Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction-
Biological Degradation
Process
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating
Combustor
Technology
Contact
John Semiring
201-596-5849
David Kosson
908-445-4346
William Cooper
305-593-5330
Robert Kelley
847-768-0722
Robert Paterek
847*768*0720
Amir Rehmat
847-768-0588
Michael Mensinger
847-768-0602
EPA Project
Manager
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Mary StinsOa
908-321-6683
Ronald Lewis
513-569-7856
Annette Gatchett
513-569-7697
Teri Richardson
513-569-7949
Applicable
Media
Soil
Liquid, Sludge,
Soil, Sediment
Soil, Sludge,
Groundwater,
Surface Water
SoO, Sludge,
Sediment
Solid, Liquid, Gas,
Soil, Sludge
Applicable Waste
Inorganic
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Nonvolatile Inorganics
Organic
Biodegradable Organic;
Most Ojgaiiics
Nonspecific Organics
Nonspecific drganics™
Nonspecific Organics
3"
-------
N)
TABLE 1 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of October 1998
Developer
Institute of GasTechnofogjv
DesPlaines, IL
FT Corporation,
Knoxville, TN
FT Corporation,
Knoxville, TN
IT Corporation,
KnoxvillejTN
IT Corporation,
Knoxville, TN
IT Corporation,
Knoxsife,TN
KSE,Inc.,***
Amherst,MA
Lewis Environmental Services,
lucJESckssa Corgsraisos,
Pittsburgh, PA
Technology
Supercritical -
Extraction/Liquid Phase
Oxidation
Batch Steam
Distillation and Metal
Extraction
Chelation/Electrodeposi
tion of Toxic Metals
from Soils
Mixed Waste Treatment
Process
Photolytic and
Biological Soil
Detoxification
T«kno Associates
Bioslurry Reaete
Adsorption-Integrated-
Reaction Process
Chromated Copper
Arseaat&Soit L?a?hffig
Process *
Technology
Contact
Michael Mensinger
847*768^)602
Stuart Shealy
423-690-3211
Radha Krishnan
513-782-4700
EdAIperin
615*m+321l
Duane Graves
423-690-3211
SKaadiBrowa
42i-69&-32ll
J.R. Kittrell
413-549-5506
Tom Lewis HI
412-322-?iCS
iPA Project
Manager
VatdisKukainis
513.56&78S5
Ronald Lewis
513-569-7856
George Moore
513-569-7991
UoTiglas GJrosse
513>569»7844-
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
BwnSfdaDaVila
513-5^-784^
Vince Gallardo
513-569-7176
Randy Paiker
513-5^7271
Applicable
Media
SoQ, Sludge
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Soil, Sludge
Soil, Sludge
Soil
$02, Sludge
Air Streams
SoO, Sedimentj
Sludge
ApplIcableWaste
Fnorganic
NbtApplicahte
Heavy Metals, Other
Inorganics
Metals
Nonspecific Inorganics,
Radionuclides
Not Applicable
HotAppJicabte
Not Applicable
Heavy Metals, Other
Inorganics
Organic :
PAHs.PCBs.Oraer '
Organics :
Nonspecific Organics
Not Applicable
Nonspecific Organios
PCBs, Pesticides,
Dioxins, PAHs
PAHS
VOCs
Not Applicable
-------
TABLE 1 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of October 1998
Developer
Media & Process Technology
(formerly Aluminum
Company of America)
Pittsburgh, PA
Membrane Technology and
Research, Inc.,
MenloPar.k,CA
Montana College of Mineral
Science and Technology,
Butte, MT
Montana College of Mineral
Science and Technology,
ButtejMT
New Jersey Institute of
Technology,
Newark, NJ
PS1 Technologies, A Division of
Physical Sciences Inc.,
Andover, MA
Pulse Sciences, Inc.,
San Leandro, CA
Technology
Bioscrubber
VaporSep® Msnifarape
Process
Air-Sparged
Hydrocyclone
Campbell
Centrifugal Jig
GHEA Associates
Process
Metals Immobilization
and Decontamination of
Aggregate Solids
X-Ray Treatment of
Aqueous Solutions
Technology
Contact ,
Paul Liu
412-826-3711
Mare Jacobs
DougGottscMieh
415-328-2228
Theodore Jordan
406-496-4112
406-496-4193
Gordon Ziesing
406-496-4112
406-496-4193
Itzhak Gotlieb
201-226-4642
Joseph Morency
508-689-0003
Vernon Bailey
510-632-5100,
ext.227
EPA Project
Manager
Paul dePercin
513-569-7797
Paul dePer
-------
!
TABLE 1 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of October 1998
Developer
RECRA Environmental, Inc.
(Formerly EIectr«->Pure
Systems, Inc.),
Amhers^NY
Remediation Technologies, Inc.,
Seattle, WA
Resource Management &
Recovery, (formerly BIo-
Recovery Systems, Inc.),"
Las dices, NM
State University of New York
at Oswego, Environmental
Research Center,
Oswego, NY
Svedala Industries, Inc.,
Waukesha, WI
Thermatix, Inc. (formerly
Purus, Inc.)
San Jose, CA
Technology
Alternating Current
Eleclracoagulation
Technology
Biofilm Reactor for
Chlorinated Gas
Treatment
AlgaSORB® Biological
Sorption
Electrochemical
Peroxidation of PCB-
Contaminated
Sediments and Waters
PYRQKfllN
THERMAL
ENCAPSULATION
Process
Photolytic Oxidation
Process
Technology
Contact
Kenneth Kinecki
SQQ.527.3272
Hans Stroo
206-624-9349
Michael Hosea
505-382-9228
Ronald Scrudato
Jeffrey Chiarenzelli
315-341-3639
JimKidd
414-798-6341
Glenn Heian
414-762^1196 ' '
Steve McAdams
408-453-0490
EPA Project
Manager
Randy Parker
513.569-7271
Ronald Lewis
513-569-7856
Ronald Lewis
513-569-785&
Hector Moreno
513-569-7882
MartaK. Richards
513-569-7692
Norma Lewis
513-569-7665
Applicable
Media
Gronndwater,
Wastewater,
Leachate
Gas
Groundwater,
Leachafc,
Wastewater
Soil, Slurries,
Leachates
•Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Soil, Groundwater
Applicable Waste
Inorganic
Heavy Metals
Not Applicable
Metals, Uranium
Not Applicable
Metals
Not Applicable
Organic
Petroleum. By-products,
CdaWar Derivatives
Volatile Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons
Not Applicable
PCBs, Other
Chlorinated Organics,
VOCs, SVOCs
Nonspecific Organics
DCE,PCE,TCE, Vinyl
Chloride
-------
TABLE 1 (Continued)
Completed SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of October 1998
Developer
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.,
Mound Valley, KS
University of Dayton Research
iMStiftrte,
Dayton, OH
University of South Carolina,
Columbia, SC
University of Washington,
Seattle, WA
UV Technologies, Inc.
(formerly Energy and
Environmental Engineering,
Inc.),"
East Cambridge, MA
Western Product Recovery
Group, Inc.,
Houston, TX
RoyF.Weston,Inc.,
West Chester, PA
Technology
PCB- and
Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil
Detoxification
J?h
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
AEA TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT
(Incorporating UK National Environmental Technology Centre)
(Soil Separation and Washing Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
AEA Technology Environment (AEA) has
developed an ex situ soil separation and washing
process that uses mineral processing technology
and hardware. The process can be used (1) as a
volume reduction process to release clean soil
fractions and concentrate contaminants, or (2) as
a pretreatment stage in a treatment train.
Because each contaminated soil is different, AEA
has developed a custom physical treatment
process for soil using a three-stage process:
laboratory-scale characterization, separation
testing and assessment, and treatment and data
analysis.
AEA is experienced in conducting pilot plant
testing programs on contaminated soil and
mineral ores. In addition, AEA uses computer
software designed to reconcile material flow data.
The results of data processing lead to
recommendations for full-scale continuous flow
sheets with predicted flows of solids, associated
contaminant species, and water. Contaminant
levels and distributions to the various products
can also be estimated. Such data are required to
estimate the cost and potential success of the
full-scale remediation process plant. Flow sheet
configuration is flexible and can be customized to
address the nature and contamination of each soil
or waste. A typical schematic flow sheet of
the process is shown in the diagram on the
previous page. The flow sheet involves
screening the raw feed at 50 millimeters (mm)
under powerful water jets to deagglomerate the
mass. Debris greater than 50 mm in size is often
decontaminated. Remaining solids and the water
are passed through a drum scrubber that
deagglomerates the mass further because agitation
High Pressure Water
Feed Soil
SOmm Screening
50mm Debris
10mm
Screen
1O-5Omm
Oversize
Contaminant
Concentrate
1 Alternative option is to use spiral separator.
2 Alternative option is to use multi-gravity separator.
> O.Smm
Contaminated
Product
Generalized Flowsheet for the Physical Treatment of Contaminated Soil
Page 16
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
is more intense. It breaks down clay lumps and
adhering material into suspension, except for
surface coatings of clay and oil on fine particles.
The drum scrubber discharge is screened at 1 mm,
and the oversize discharge is screened at 10 mm.
The 10 to 50 mm size range is often clean debris;
if it is not clean then it can be crashed and refed to
the system. Material from 1 to 10 mm is often
contaminated and requires further treatment.
For all material less than 1 mm, the clay and
water are removed by hydrocycloning. The fine
product, less than 10 micrometers (m), is
flocculated and thickened to recover the process
water for recycling. Thickened clay product,
usually containing concentrated contaminants,
passes to further treatment or disposal. Sands
from the hydrocycloning step are further
dewatered in a classifier before the third and
most intense deagglomeration operation.
An attrition scrubber removes the remaining
surface contamination and degrades fine
clayballs. Having completed deagglomeration,
the soil is fractionated by particle size or
separated by specific gravity. A second stream
of particles less than 10 mm is removed by
hydrocycloning and joins the primary product
stream. Finer sands and silt are screened at 500
mm to yield a contaminated sand for disposal or
retreatment. A 10 to 500 mm fraction can be
separated magnetically, by flotation, by
multigravity separation, or by a combination of
these methods. These stages produce a
contaminant concentrate, leaving the remaining
material relatively contaminant free.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The soil separation and washing process is
designed to remove metals, petroleum
hydrocarbons, and polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons from soil. The process may be
applied to soils from gas and coke works,
petrochemical plants, coal mines, iron and steel
works, foundries, and nonferrous smelting,
refining, and finishing sites. The process can
also treat sediments, dredgings, sludges, mine
tailings, and some industrial wastes.
STATUS:
The technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1991 and
completed in 1994. A Final Report was
delivered to the U.S. EPA in 1994, and work
done with this technology was presented the same
year at the 87th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of
the Air and Waste Management Association, the
20th Annual RREL Hazardous Waste Research
Symposium,; and the 5th Forum on Innovative
Hazardous .Waste Treatment Technologies:
Domestic and International. Pilot trials were
conducted on 30 tons of soil at a throughput rate
of 0.5 ton per hour. Several test runs were
performed to evaluate different flow sheet
configurations. Reports on this technology can
be obtained from the U.S. EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Mary Stinson
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
MS-104, Building 10
2890 Woodbridge Avenue
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
908-321-6683
Fax: 908-321-6640
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Steve Barber
Environmental Engineer
AEA Technology Environment
Culham, Abingdon
Oxfordshire OX14 3DB England
Telephone No.: 011-44-1235-463062
Fax: 011-44-1235-463010
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 17
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY/
ZENTOX CORPORATION
(Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air Stripping)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOC),
such as trichloroethene (TCE) and
tetrachloroethene (PCE), are readily removed
from groundwater and soil using established
methods such as air stripping and vapor
extraction. However, this solution produces a
VOC-contaminated air stream that requires
further treatment.
In gas-solid photocatalytic oxidation (PCO), the
VOC-laden air stream is exposed to a titania
catalyst in near-ultraviolet (UV) light. The UV
light activates the catalyst, producing oxidizing
radicals. The radicals promote rapid chain
reactions that completely destroy VOCs to carbon
dioxide and water; these oxidation reactions
occur at or near room temperature. The
treatment of chlorinated organics also produces
hydrochloric acid.
Arizona State University (ASU) is investigating
an integrated pilot-scale pump-and-treat system
that transfers chlorinated VOCs to an air stream
using air stripping. A PCO reactor installed
downstream of the air stripping unit treats the
contaminated air stream. The figure below
illustrates the system. The PCO unit incorporates
a flow-through photocatalytic reactor for VOC
destruction and a caustic absorber bed for
removal of hydrochloric acid. The acid is
neutralized to sodium chloride in the absorber
bed.
PCO offers the following advantages over
conventional treatment technologies:
• The photocatalytic process allows VOCs
to be oxidized at or near room
temperature.
• Low-temperature operation allows the
use of plastic piping and construction,
thereby reducing costs and minimizing
acid corrosion problems. *
• Chemical additives are not required.
VOC-LadenAir
VOC-Contaminated
Groundwater
Surge Tank
Clean Air
Stripped
Water Out
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air Stripping
Page 18
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Jreofuafy.
Completed Prc
• The titania catalyst and UV lamps are
inexpensive and commercially available
(modified catalyst formulations are
available for enhanced performance).
• A variety of halogenated and
nonhalogenated organic compounds can
be completely oxidized to innocuous or
easily neutralized products, such as
carbon dioxide and hydrochloric acid.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology can treat VOC-contaminated
streams generated by air stripping treatment of
contaminated groundwater or soil vapor
extraction of contaminated soil. The technology
is appropriate for dilute VOC concentrations
(such as 500 parts per million by volume or less)
and low to moderate flow rates. Laboratory data
indicate that the PCO technology can also be
adapted for industrial facilities that emit dilute
VOC-contaminated air streams. Candidates
include chemical process plants, dry cleaners,
painting operations, solvent cleaning operations,
and wastewater and hazardous waste treatment
facilities. Air in closed environments could also
be purified by integrating PCO units with
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.
STATUS:
The PCO technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1993. Under
the program, ASU has conducted bench-scale
tests to evaluate the integration of a PCO unit
downstream of an existing air stripping unit.
Results of the bench-scale testing have provided
design data for a pilot-scale test at a Phoenix,
Arizona, Superfund site contaminated with
chlorinated VOCs. ASU's previous laboratory
studies indicate rapid destruction to nondetectable
levels (98 to 99 percent removal) for various
concentrations of TCE and other chlorinated
ethenes in humid air streams.
In 1995, Zentox Corporation (Zentox) fielded a
prototype PCO system for the treatment of TCE
in air. Building on the data gained from that
system, Zentox is fabricating a second generation
system for use at the Phoenix site. Following
tests at the Phoenix site, the 50- to 100-cubic-
feet-per-minute pilot plant unit will be available
for trials at other locations.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Norma Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7665
Fax: 513-569-7787
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Gregory Raupp
Department of Chemical, Biological,
and Materials Engineering
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ 85287-6006
602-965-2828
Fax: 602-965-0037
E-mail: Raupp@asu.edu
Elliot Berman
Zentox Corporation
2140 NE 36th Avenue
Ocala, PL 34470
352-867-7482Fax: 352-867-1320
E-mail:eberman@zentox.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 19
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ART INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(formerly ENVIRO-SCEENCES, INC.)
(Low-Energy Extraction Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The patented Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP®) uses common organic solvents to
concentrate and extract organic pollutants from
soil, sediments, and sludges. LEEP® can treat
contaminated solids to the stringent cleanup
levels mandated by regulatory agencies. LEEP®
includes pretreatment, washing, and
concentration processes (see figure below).
During pretreatment, particles measuring up to 8
inches in diameter are removed in a gravity
settler-floater. The settler-floater includes a
metal detector and remover, a crusher, and a
metering feeder. Floating material often found at
remediation sites, such as wood chips, grass, or
root material, is also removed.
After pretreatment, the solid matrix is washed in
a unique, dual solvent process that uses both
hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents. The
combination of these proprietary solvents
guarantees efficient contaminant removal.
The extracted pollutants are then concentrated in
a sacrificial solvent by liquid-liquid extraction or
by distillation, before being removed from the
process for off-site disposal or recycling. The
treated solids can be returned to the site as clean
fill.
LEEP® is a low-pressure process operated at
near-ambient conditions. It is designed as a
closed-loop, self-contained, mobile unit
consisting of proven heavy-duty equipment. The
relatively inexpensive solvents used in the
process are recycled internally. The solvents are
applicable to almost every type of organic
contaminant, and their physical properties
enhance clay and silt particle settling.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
LEEP® can treat most organic contaminants in
soil, sediment, and sludge, including tar,
creosote, chlorinated hydrocarbons, polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and wood-
preserving chlorophenol formulations. Bench-
and pilot-scale experiments have shown that
/^ContamlnatedX
X^^Soll_^X
(Extraction ^
Solvent./
LEEP® Process Flow Diagram
Page 20
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Completed Project
LEEP® effectively treats tar-contaminated solids
from manufactured gas plant sites, soils and
sediments contaminated with polychlorinated
biphenyls and refinery waste sludges, and soils
contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.
STATUS:
LEEP® was accepted into the Emerging
Technology Program in July 1989. Bench-scale
studies for process development were completed
in 1994. A draft report that details the evaluation
results has been submitted to EPA. The final
report will be available in 1997.
In addition, ART International, Inc., routinely
conducts bench-scale treatability studies for
government and industrial clients, and it has
obtained Toxic Substances Control Act, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, and air permits
for the technology. Other developments include
the following:
• A 200-pound-per-hour pilot-scale unit
has been constructed.
. • Tests of the pilot-scale unit indicated
: that LEEP® can treat soil from
manufactured gas plant sites containing
up to 5 percent tar.
• Tests to scale up the pilot-scale unit to a
commercial unit are complete.
• Commercial design criteria and a
turnkey bid package are complete.
• Commercialization activities for a full-
scale unit are underway.
• In 1994, Soil Extraction Technologies,
Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of
Public Service Electric & Gas,
purchased a LEEP® license.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Jack Hubbard
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory .
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 46268
513-569-7507
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Werner Steiner
ART International, Inc.
100 Ford Road
Denville, NJ 07834
201-627-7601
Fax: 201-627-6524
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 21
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA, LIMITED
(Chemical Treatment and Ultraffltration)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (AECL),
process uses chemical pretreatment and
ultrafiltration to remove trace concentrations of
dissolved metals from wastewater, contaminated
groundwater, and leachate. The process
selectively removes metal contaminants and
produces a volume-reduced water stream for
further treatment and disposal.
The installed unit's overall dimensions are 5 feet
wide by 7 feet long by 6 feet high. The skid-
mounted unit consists of (1) a bank of 5-micron
cartridge prefilters, (2) a feed conditioning
system with polyelectrolytes and chemicals for
pH adjustment, (3) two banks of hollow-fiber
ultrafilters, (4) a backflush system for cleaning
the membrane unit, and (5) associated tanks and
instrumentation.
The figure below illustrates the process.
Wastewater enters the prefilter through the feed
holding tank, where suspended particles are
removed from the feed. The filtered waste
stream is then routed to conditioning tanks where
the solution pH is adjusted. Water-soluble
macromolecular compounds are then added to the
wastewater to form complexes with heavy metal
ions. Next, a relatively high molecular weight
polymer, generally a. commercially available
polyelectrolyte, is added to the wastewater to
form selective metal-polymer complexes at the
desired pH and temperature. The polyelectrolyte
quantities depend on the metal ion concentration.
The wastewater then passes through a cross-flow
ultrafiltration membrane system by way of a
recirculation loop. The ultrafiltration system
provides a total membrane surface area of
265 square feet and a flow rate of about 6 gallons
per minute (gpm). The membranes retain the
metal complexes (in the concentrate), while-
allowing uhcomplexed ions to pass through the
membrane with the filtered water. The filtered
water (the permeate) is continuously withdrawn,
while the concentrate stream containing most of
the contaminants is recycled until it meets the
target concentration. After reaching the target"
concentration, the concentrate stream is
withdrawn for further treatment, such as
solidification. It can then be safely disposed of,
while the clean filtered water is discharged. !
Recirculation Loop
Feed
Holding
Tank
1
Prefiltration
pH Chemical
Addition
*
PH
Adjustment
Polyelectrolyte
Addition
*
Metal
Complexation
Reaction
Tank
Circulation
Pump
• 20 L/min
100 to 150 L/min
Ultrafiltration
System
(265 sq ft Bank)
LlFeed "2°L/min
Jpump
B 0.2 to
Conc<
1.0 L/min
jntrate
Filter
Water
Single-Stage Chemical Treatment and Ultrafiltration Process
Page 22
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The AECL process treats groundwater, leachate,
and surface runoff contaminated with trace levels
of toxic heavy metals. The process also treats
effluents from (1) industrial processes,
(2) production and processing of base metals,
(3) smelters, (4) electrolysis operations, and
(5) battery manufacturing. Potential applications
include removal of metals such as cadmium,
lead, mercury, uranium, manganese, nickel,
chromium, and silver.
The process can treat influent with dissolved
metal concentrations from several parts per
million (ppm) up to about 100 ppm. The process
also removes other inorganic and organic
materials present as suspended or colloidal solids.
The sole residue is the ultrafiltration concentrate,
which generally constitutes 5 to 20 percent of the
feed volume.
STATUS:
The AECL process was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1988. During
initial bench- and pilot-scale tests, the AECL
process successfully removed cadmium, lead,
and mercury. These results were used to help
designers construct the mobile unit.
The mobile unit has been tested at Chalk River
Laboratories and at a uranium mine tailings site
in Ontario, Canada. The field evaluation
indicated that process water characteristics
needed further study; pretreatment schemes are
being evaluated. The mobile unit, which is
capable of treating influent flows ranging from
1,000 to 5,000 gallons per day, is available for
treatability tests and on-site applications. An
Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-92/002) is available from EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
John Martin
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7758
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Leo Buckley or Les Moschuk
Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited
Waste Processing Technology
Chalk River Laboratories
Chalk River, Ontario, Canada KOJ 1JO
613-584-3311
Fax: 613-584-8107
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 23
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED
(Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The ultrasonic-aided leachate treatment process
involves enhanced chemical treatment of acidic
soil leachate solutions. These solutions, also
known as acid mine drainage, are caused by the
oxidation and dissolution of sulfide-bearing wastes
that produce sulfuric acid. The resulting acidic
water leaches metal contaminants from the
exposed waste rock and mine tailings, creating
large volumes of toxic acidic leachates.
The ultrasonic-aided leachate treatment process
uses an ultrasonic field to improve contaminant
removal through precipitation, coprecipitation,
oxidation, ion scavenging, and sorption (see
figure below). These processes are followed by
solid-liquid separation using a filter press and a
cross-flow microfilter connected in series. The
time required for treatment depends on (1) the
nature of acidic waste to be treated, (2) the
treated water quality with respect to contaminant
concentration, and (3) the rate at which the
physical and chemical processes occur. The
treatable leachate volume is scalable. ;
The major difference between this technology
and conventional processes is the use of
ultrasonic mixing instead of mechanical agitation
in large tanks. Research indicates that an
ultrasonic field significantly increases both the '
conversion rate of dissolved contaminants to
precipitates and the rate of oxidation and ion
exchange. Earlier studies by Atomic Energy of
Canada Limited (AECL) revealed that the time
required to precipitate heavy metals from
aqueous solutions decreased by an order of
magnitude in the presence of an ultrasonic field.
Chemical Reagents Addition
* »
pH Chemical
1 To 2%
Suspended
Solids
Ultrasonic
System #1
V
Acidic Soil Leachate Feed
Percent Dissolved Solids:
5,000 to 1 0,000 ppm
Primary Contaminants:
(Heavy Metals & Radlonuclldes)
1,000 to 2,000 ppm
Filtrate (0.05 T
Suspende
V
0,
III
Oxldant
I
30.1%
i Solids)
Dewatering
Filter Press
(
Precipitant
^
T » \lltrasnnin
System #2
Wet Cake
(20 To 35% Solids)
Cementious
Materials
Cementation
I
Concentrate
(1 To 2% Solids)
„
Cross-Flow — '
Mlcrofilitration
Filtrate
Tn nl
-------
February1999
Completed Project
The ultrasonic-aided leachate treatment process is
compact, portable, and energy-efficient. Safety
and process controls are built in as necessary for
handling mixed radioactive solutions. The
process also generates minimal fugitive emissions
and produces a treated effluent that meets
applicable discharge limits. The process may
also be able to treat waste containing small
amounts of dissolved or suspended organics.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The ultrasonic-aided leachate treatment process
treats acid mine drainage contaminated with
heavy metals and radionuclides. The process can
also be combined with soil remediation
technologies.
STATUS:
The ultrasonic-aided leachate treatment process
was accepted into the SITE Emerging Technology
Program in 1993. Under this program, AECL is
developing and testing a pilot-scale unit to treat
acidic soil leachate solutions containing low
levels of metals and radionuclides.
The quality assurance and test plan was approved
in October 1994. Laboratory-scale testing using
acidic leachates from the Berkeley Pit in Butte,
Montana, and from Stanleigh Mines in Elliot
Lake, Ontario, Canada, is complete. The tests
were designed to find optimal single and
multistage treatment regimes to remove from the
leachates a variety of dissolved species (such as
iron, aluminum, manganese, magnesium, copper,
zinc, uranium, radium, and sulfate), either as
contaminants or as reusable resources.
Given optimum process chemistry, low energy
(less than 5 kilojoules per liter), and low frequen-
cy (20 kilohertz), ultrasonic cavitation fields were
sufficient to remove the dissolved species to
levels meeting discharge requirements.
The energy input corresponds to a chemical
conditioning time of a few seconds to tens of
seconds. The underlying principles examined
include lime and limestone precipitation, copper
cementation, iron, and uranium oxidation, ion
sorption, and ion scavenging.
A Phase 1 interim report summarizing the
laboratory-scale results was issued in August
1995. A revised Phase 1 report was issued in
February 1996. Testing of the pilot-scale system
was December 1996.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7676
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Shaim Cotnam and Dr. Shiv Vijayan
Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited
Chalk River Laboratories
Chalk River, Ontario, Canada KOJ 1JO
613-584-3311, ext. 3220/6057
Fax: 613-584-1812
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 25
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
(In Situ Electroacoustic Soil Decontamination)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This patented in situ electroacoustic soil
decontamination (BSD) technology removes
heavy metals from soils through direct current
electrical and acoustic fields. Direct current
facilitates liquid transport through soils. The
technology consists of electrodes, an anode and
a cathode, and an acoustic source (see figure
below).
The double-layer boundary theory is important
when an electric potential is applied to soils. For
soil particles, the double layer consists of (1) a
fixed layer of negative ions that are firmly held to
the solid phase, and (2) a diffuse layer of more
loosely held cations and anions. Applying an
electric potential to the double layer displaces the
loosely held ions to their respective electrodes.
The cations take water with them as they move
toward the cathode.
Besides water transport through wet soils, the
direct current produces other effects, such as ion
transfer, pH gradients development, electrolysis,
oxidation and reduction, and heat generation.
Heavy metals present in contaminated soils can
be leached or precipitated out of solution by
electrolysis, oxidation and reduction reactions, or
ionic migration. The soil contaminants may be
(1) cations, such as cadmium, chromium, and
lead; or (2) anions, such as cyanide, chromate,
and dichromate. The existence of these ions in
their respective oxidation states depends on soil
pH and concentration gradients. Direct current
is expected to increase the leaching rate and
precipitate the heavy metals out of solution by
establishing appropriate pH and osmotic gradients.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology removes heavy metals from
soils. When applied hi conjunction with an
electric field and water flow, an acoustic field
can enhance waste dewatering or leaching. This
phenomenon is not fully understood. Another
possible application involves the unclogging of
recovery wells. Because contaminated particles
are driven to the recovery well, the pores and
interstitial spaces in the soil can close. This
technology could be used to clear these clogged
spaces.
Optlona
Anolyto Treatment
In Situ Electroacoustic Soil Decontamination
Page 26
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February1999
Completed Protect
The technology's potential for improving
nonaqueous phase liquid contaminant recovery
and in situ removal of heavy metals needs to be
tested at the pilot-scale level using clay soils.
STATUS:
The BSD technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1988. Results
indicate that ESD is technically feasible for
removing inorganic species such as zinc and
cadmium from clay soils; however, it is only
marginally effective for hydrocarbon removal. A
modified ESD process for more effective hydro-
carbon removal has been developed but has not
been tested. The Emerging Technology Report
(EPA/540/5-90/004) describing the 1-year
investigation can be purchased through the
National Technical Information Service, (PB 90-
204728/AS). The Emerging Technology
Summary (EPA/540/S5-90/004) is available from
U. S. EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7571
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Satya Chauhan
Battelle Memorial Institute
505 King Avenue
Columbus, OH 43201
614-424-4812
Fax: 614-424-3321
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 27
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
BIOTROL®
(Methanotrophic Bioreactor System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The BioTrol methanotrophic bioreactor system is
an aboveground remedial technology for water
contaminated with halogenated hydrocarbons.
Trichloroethene (TCE) and related compounds
pose a difficult challenge to biological treatment.
Unlike aromatic hydrocarbons, for example,
TCE cannot serve as a primary substrate for
bacterial growth. Degradation depends on
cometabolism (see figure below), which is
attributed to the broad substrate specificity of
certain bacterial enzyme systems. Although
many aerobic enzyme systems reportedly
cooxidize TCE and related compounds, BioTrol
claims that the methane monooxygenase (MMO)
produced by methanotrophic bacteria is the most
promising.
Methanotrophs are bacteria that can use methane
as a sole source of carbon and energy. Although
certain methanotrophs can express MMO in either
a soluble or particulate (membrane-bound) form,
BioTrol has discovered that the soluble form used
hi the BioTrol process induces extremely rapid
TCE degradation rates. Two patents have been
obtained, and an additional patent on the process
is pending. Results from experiments with
Methylosinus trichosporium strain OB3b indicate
that the maximum specific TCE degradation rate
is 1.3 grams of TCE per gram of cells (dry
weight) per hour. This rate is 100 to 1,000 times
faster than reported TCE degradation rates for
nonmethanotrophs. This species of
methanotrophic bacteria reportedly removes
various chlorinated aliphatic compounds by more
than 99.9 percent.
BioTrol has also developed a colorimetric assay
that verifies the presence of MMO in the
bioreactor culture.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The bioreactor system can treat water
contaminated with halogenated aliphatic
hydrocarbons, including TCE, dichloroethene
isomers, vinyl chloride, chloroform,
dichloromethane (methylene chloride), and
others. In the case of groundwater treatment,
Carbon Dioxide
Dioxide,
Carbon Dioxide, Chloride
Methane
Trichloroethene
Cometabolism of TCE
Page 28
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
Febtuatyl999
Completed Project
bioreactor effluent can either be reinjected or
discharged to a sanitary sewer under a National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1990.
Bench- and pilot-scale tests were conducted using
a continuous-flow, dispersed-growth system. As
shown in the figure below, the pilot-scale reactor
displayed first-order TCE degradation kinetics.
The final report on the demonstration appears in
the Journal of the Air and Waste Management
Association, Volume 45, No. 1, January 1995.
The Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-93/506) and the Emerging
Technology Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/505) are
available from U. S. EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
David Smith
U.S. EPA
Region 8
999 18th Street
Denver, CO 80202
303-293-1475
Fax: 303-294-1198
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Durell Dobbins
BioTrol®
10300 Valley View Road, Suite 107
Eden Prairie, MN 55344-3546
612-942-8032
Fax: 612-942-8526
2,000
1,500
•g.
§
o
O
«
-------
Sill
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
CENTER FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESEARCH
(Acid Extraction Treatment System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The acid extraction treatment system (AETS)
uses hydrochloric acid to extract heavy metal
contaminants from soils. Following treatment,
the clean soil may be returned to the site or used
as fill.
A simplified block flow diagram of the AETS is
shown below. Fkst, soils are screened to remove
coarse solids. These solids, typically greater
than 4 millimeters in size, are relatively clean
and require at most a simple rinse with water or
detergent to remove smaller attached particles.
After coarse particle removal, the remaining soil
is scrubbed hi an attrition scrubber to break up
agglomerates and cleanse surfaces. Hydrochloric
acid is then introduced into the soil in the
extraction unit. The residence tune hi the unit
varies depending on the soil type, contaminants,
and contaminant concentrations, but generally
ranges between 10 and 40 minutes. The soil-
extractant mixture is continuously pumped out of
the mixing tank, and the soil and extractant are
separated using hydrocyclones.
When extraction is complete, the solids are
transferred to the rinse system. The soils are
rinsed with water to remove entrained acid and
metals. The extraction solution and rinse waters
are regenerated using a proprietary technology
that removes the metals and reforms the acid.
The heavy metals are concentrated hi a form
potentially suitable for recovery. During the
final step, the soils are mixed with lime and
fertilizer to neutralize any residual acid. No
wastewater streams are generated by the process.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The main application of AETS is extraction of
heavy metals from soils. The system has been
tested using a variety of soils containing one or
more of the following: arsenic, cadmium,
chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc. The
treatment capacity is expected to range up to 30
tons per hour. AETS can treat all soil fractions,
including fines.
The major residuals from AETS treatment
include the cleaned soil, which is suitable for fill
or for return to the site, and the heavy metal
concentrate. Depending on the concentration of
heavy metals, the mixtures of heavy metals found
at the site, and the presence of other compounds
(calcium, sodium) with the metals, heavy metals
may be reclaimed from the concentrate.
STATUS:
Under the Emerging Technology Program,
laboratory-scale and bench-scale tests were
conducted to develop the AETS technology. The
bench-scale pilot system was constructed to
process between 20 and 100 kilograms of soil per
hour. Five soils were tested, including an EPA
synthetic soil matrix (SSM) and soils from four
Superfund sites, including NL Industries in
Pedricktown, New Jersey; King of Prussia site in
Winslow Township, New Jersey; a smelter site hi
Butte, Montana; and Palmerton Zinc site in
CONTAMINATED
SOIL __
SCREENING
MAKE-UP
ACID
COARSE SOU-
PARTICLES
EXTR AOTIO N
UNIT
REGENERATED ACID
FtlNSE
WATER
KTRAOTANT
ACID
REGENERATION
X
NEUTRALIZATION
ENTRAINED
SOILS
TREATED
SOIL
HEAVY
METALS
Acid Extraction Treatment System (AETS) Process
Page 30
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February1999
Completed Project
Palmerton, Pennsylvania. These soils contained
elevated concentrations of some or all of the
following: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper,
lead, nickel, and zinc. The table below summarizes
soil treatability results based on the EPA Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
hazardous waste requirements for toxicity
characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and the
California standards for total metal
concentrations. The Emerging Technology
Report (EPA/540/R-94/513) and Emerging
Technology Summary (EPA/540/SR-94/513) are
available from EPA.
The results of the study are summarized below:
• AETS can treat a wide range of soils
containing a wide range of heavy metals
to reduce the TCLP below the RCRA
limit. AETS can also reduce the total
metals concentrations below the
California-mandated total metals
limitations.
• In most cases, AETS can treat the entire
soil, without separate stabilization and
disposal for fines or clay particles, to
the required TCLP and total metal lim-
its. The only exception was the SSM,
which may require separate stabilization
and disposal of 20 percent of the soil to
reduce the total TCLP lead concentrations
appropriately. However, AETS
successfully treated arsenic, cadmium,
chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc in the
soil.
• Treatment costs under expected process
conditions range from $100 to $180 per
cubic yard of soil, depending on the site
size, soil types, and contaminant
concentrations. Operating costs ranged
from $50 to $80 per cubic yard.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
George Moore
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7991
Fax: 513-569-7276
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Stephen Paff
Center for Hazardous Materials Research
320 William Pitt Way
Pittsburgh; PA 15238
412-826-5321, ext. 233
Fax: 412-826-5552 .-.
Metal
As
Cd
Cr
Cu
Nl
Pb
Zn
Soil
SSM
*,T,L
*,T
*,T,L
* T T
,L,Li
*,T,L
*
* T T
,j.,jj
Buite
*,T,L
*,T,L
*,T,L
*,T,L
King of Prussia
*,T,L
*,T,L
* TT
, 1,1_
Pedrlcktrjwn
*,T,L
*,T,L
*,T,L
Palnterion
*,T,L
*,T,L
*,T,L
*,T,L
Key: * — Metal is present in that soil
T — Successful treatment for total metals
L — Reduction in teachability to below standards
Boldface and larger font indicates high initial metals
concentration (at least double the regulatory standard
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 31
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
CENTER FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESEARCH
(Organics Destruction and Metals Stabilization)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This technology is designed to destroy hazardous
organics in soils while simultaneously stabilizing
metals and metal ions (see figure below). The
technology causes contaminated liquids, soils,
and sludges to react with elemental sulfur at
elevated temperatures. All organic compounds
react with sulfur. Hydrocarbons are converted to
an inert carbon-sulfur powdered residue and
hydrogen sulfide gas; treated chlorinated
hydrocarbons also produce hydrochloric acid gas.
These acid gases are recovered from the off-
gases. The hydrogen sulfide is oxidized in a
conventional acid gas treating unit (such as ARI
Technologies LO-CAT™), recovering the sulfur
for reuse.
In addition to destroying organic compounds, the
technology converts heavy metals to sulfides,
which are rendered less leachable. If required,
the sulfides can be further stabilized before
Treated
Gas
Makeup
Sulfur
LO-CAT-II
Recovered Sulfur
Sulfur
Vapor
Section
Reactor
Preheater
Section
Salts Water
Treated
Soil
Organics Destruction and Metals Stabilization
Page 32
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February1999
Completed Project
disposal. Thus, heavy metals can be stabilized in
the same process step as the organics destruction.
The technology's main process components
consist of the following:
• A prereaction mixer where the solid and
reagent are mixed
• An indirectly heated, enclosed reactor
that includes a preheater section to drive
off water, and two integrated reactor
sections to react liquid sulfur with the
solids and further react desorbed organic
compounds with vapor-phase sulfur
• An acid gas treatment system that
removes the acid gases and recovers
sulfur by oxidizing the hydrogen sulfide
• A treated solids processing unit that
recovers excess reagent and prepares
the treated product to comply with on-
site disposal requirements
Initial pilot-scale testing of the technology has
demonstrated that organic contaminants can be
destroyed in the vapor phase with elemental
sulfur. Tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, and
polychlorinated biphenyls were among the
organic compounds destroyed.
Batch treatability tests of contaminated soil
mixtures have demonstrated organics destruction
and immobilization of various heavy metals.
Immobilization of heavy metals is determined by
the concentration of the metals in leachate
compared to EPA toxicity characteristic leaching
procedure (TCLP) regulatory limits. Following
treatment, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and
zinc were significantly reduced compared to
TCLP values. In treatability tests with
approximately 700 parts per million of Aroclor
1260, destruction levels of 99.0 to 99.95 percent
were achieved. Destruction of a pesticide,
malathion, was also demonstrated. The process
was also demonstrated to be effective on soil
from manufactured gas plants, containing a wide
range of polynuclear aromatics.
The current tests are providing a more detailed
definition of the process limits, metal
concentrations, and soil types required for
stabilization of various heavy metals to meet the
limits specified by TGLP. In addition, several
process enhancements are being evaluated to
expand the range of applicability.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The technology is applicable to soils and
sediments contaminated with both organics and
heavy metals.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in January 1993.
Bench-scale testing hi batch reactors was
completed in 1993. The pilot-scale program was
directed at integrating the process concepts and
obtaining process data in a continuous unit. The
program was completed in 1995 and the
Emerging Technology Report will be available in
1997.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7571
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Stephen Paff
Center for Hazardous Materials Research
320 William Pitt Way
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
412-826-5321, ext. 233
Fax: 412-826-5552
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies. .
Page 33
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
COGNIS, INC.
(Biological/Chemical Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The COGNIS, Inc. biological/chemical treatment
is a two-stage process that treats soils, sediments,
and other media contaminated with metals and
organics. Metals are first removed from the
contaminated matrix by a chemical leaching
process. Organics are then removed by
bioremediation.
Although metals removal usually occurs in the
first stage, bioremediation may be performed first
if organic contamination levels are found to
inhibit the metals extraction process.
Bioremediation is more effective if the metal
concentrations in the soil are sufficiently low so
as not to inhibit microbial activity. However,
even in the presence of inhibitory metal
concentrations, a microbe population may be
enriched to perform the necessary
bioremediation.
Soil handling requirements for both stages are
similar, so unit operations are fully reversible.
The final treatment products are a recovered
metal or metal salt, biodegraded organic
compounds, and clean soil. Contaminated soil is
first exposed to a leachant solution and classified
by particle size (see figure below). Size
classification allows oversized rock, gravel, and
sand to be quickly cleaned and separated from
the sediment fines (such as silt, clay, and humus),
which require longer leaching times. Typically,
organic pollutants are also attached to the fines.
After dissolution of the metal compounds, metal
ions such as zinc, lead, and cadmium are
removed from the aqueous leachate by liquid ion
exchange, resin ion exchange, or reduction. At
this point, the aqueous leaching solution is freed
of metals and can be reused to leach additional
metal from the contaminated soil. If an
extraction agent is used, it is later stripped of the
bound metal and the agent is rally regenerated
and recycled. Heavy metals are recovered in a
saleable, concentrated form as solid metal or a
metal salt. The method of metals recovery
Leachant
Contaminated
Soil 1
Clay/Humus
Leachant Slurry
Leachant Recycle
1
r
Leach
1
Metal
Recovery
> Metal
Bioremediation
Water Cycle
Carbon Dioxide
Metal Leaching and Bioremediation Process
Page 34
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Completed Project
depends on the metals present and their
concentrations.
After metals extraction is complete, the "mud"
slurry settles and is neutralized. Liquids are
returned to the classifier, and the partially treated
soil is transferred to a slurry bioreactor, a
slurry-phase treatment lagoon, or a closed land
treatment cell for bioremediation. The soil and
the residual leachate solution are treated to
maximize contaminant biodegradation. Nutrients
are added to support microbial growth, and the
most readily biodegradable organic compounds
are aerobically degraded.
Bench-scale tests indicate that this process can
remediate a variety of heavy metals and organic
pollutants. The combined process is less
expensive than separate metals removal and
organic remediation.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This remediation process is intended to treat
combined-waste soils contaminated by heavy
metals and organic compounds. The process can
treat contaminants including lead, cadmium,
zinc, and copper, as well as petroleum
hydrocarbons and polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons that are subject to aerobic micro-
bial degradation. The combined process can also
be modified to extract mercury and other metals,
and to degrade more recalcitrant halogenated
hydrocarbons.
STATUS:
This remediation process was accepted into the
SITE Emerging Technology Program in August
1992. Bench- and pilot-scale testing of the
bioremediation process is complete. A full-scale
field test of the metals extraction process was
completed under the Demonstration Program.
For .further information on the full-scale process,
refer to the profile in the Demonstration Program
section.
This remediation process is no longer available
through COGNIS, Inc. For further information
about the process, contact the EPA Project
Manager.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Steven Rock
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45208
513-569-7149
Fax: 513-569-7105
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 35
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
CONCURRENT TECHNOLOGIES
(Formerly Center for Hazardous Materials Research)
(Smelting Lead-Containing Waste)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Secondary lead smelting is a proven technology
that reclaims lead from lead-acid battery waste
sites. The Concurrent Technologies and Exide
Corporation (Exide) have demonstrated the use of
secondary lead smelting to reclaim usable lead
from various types of waste materials from
Superfund and other lead-containing sites.
Reclamation of lead is based on existing lead
smelting procedures and basic pyrometallurgy.
The figure below is a generalized process flow
diagram. Waste material is first excavated from
Superfund sites or collected from other sources.
The waste is then preprocessed to reduce particle
size and to remove rocks, soil, and other debris.
Next, the waste is transported to the smelter.
At the smelter, waste is fed to reverberatory or
blast furnaces, depending on particle size or lead
content. The two reverberatory furnaces
normally treat lead from waste lead-acid
batteries, as well as other lead-containing
material. The furnaces are periodically tapped to
remove slag, which contains 60 to 70 percent
lead, and a soft pure lead product.
The two blast furnaces treat slag generated from
the reverberatory furnaces, as well as larger-
sized lead-containing waste. These furnaces
aretapped continuously for lead and tapped
intermittently to remove slag, which is
transported offsite for disposal. The
reverberatory and blast furnace combination at
Exide can reclaim lead from batteries and waste
with greater than 99 percent efficiency.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The process has been demonstrated to reclaim
lead from a variety of solid materials, including
rubber battery case material, lead dross, iron shot
abrasive blasting material, and wood from
demolition of .houses coated with lead paint. The
technology is applicable to solid wastes
containing more than 2 percent lead, provided
that they do not contain excessive amounts of
calcium, silica, aluminum, or other similar
constituents. Explosive and flammable liquids
cannot be processed in the furnace. As tested,
this technology is not applicable to soil
remediation.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1991.
Field work for the project was completed in
February 1993.
EXCAVATION OR
COLLECTION
PREPROCESSING TRANSPORT OF MATERIAL
ROCKS, SOILS, DEBRIS L~^~) O
SMELTER
LEAD TO
BATTERY •*
PLANT
SLAG TO DISPOSAL
\.
\^
f
\ s
REVERB
FURNACE
•*-
LAGl OR
BLAST
FURNACE
^
Smelting Lead-Containing Waste Process
Page 36
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Completed Project
The process was tested at three Superfund sites.
Materials obtained from two additional sites were
also used for these tests. Results from the
Emerging Technology Program, presented in the
table below, show that the process is applicable
to waste materials at each site and economically
feasible for all but demolition material. The
Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-94/510), the Emerging
Technology Summary (EPA/540/SR-95/504),
and the Emerging Technology Report
(EPA/540/R-95/504) are available from EPA.
An article about the technology was also
published by the Journal of Hazardous Materials
in February 1995.
Specific technical problems encountered included
(1) loss of furnace production due to material
buildup within the furnaces, (2) breakdowns in
the feed system due to mechanical overloads, and
(3) increased oxygen demands inside the
furnaces. All of these problems were solved by
adjusting material feed rates or furnace
parameters. Based on these tests, Concurrent
Technologies has concluded that secondary lead
smelting is an economical method of reclaiming
lead from lead-containing waste material
collected at Superfund sites and other sources.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Laurel Staley
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7863
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Brian Bosilovich
Concurrent Technologies Corporation
320 William Pitt Way
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
412-826-5321, ext. 230
Fax: 412-826-5552
Source of Material/
Type of Material Tested
Tonolli Superfund site (PA)/
Battery cases
Hebalka Superfund site (PA)/
Battery cases
Pedricktown Superfund site (NJ)/
Battery cases; lead dross, residue, and
debris
Laurel House Women's Shelter (PA)/
Demolition material contaminated
with lead-based paint.
PennDOT/
Abrasive bridge blasting material
% Lead
3 to 7
10
45
1
3 to 5
Economical*
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Test Results
Lead can be reclaimed in secondary lead smelter;
incorporated into regular blast furnace feed stock.
Lead can be reclaimed in secondary lead smelter;
reduced in size and incorporated into regular
reverberatory furnace feed stock.
Lead can be reclaimed in secondary lead smelter;
screened and incorporated into regular
reverberatory and blast furnace feed stocks.
Lead can be reclaimed in secondary lead smelter;
however, the cost of processing the material was
estimated to be very high.
Lead can be reclaimed in secondary lead smelter;
incorporated into regular blast furnace feed stock.
* Compared to stabilization or landfilling
Results from Field Tests of the Smelting Lead-Containing Waste Technology
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies. \
Page 37
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ENERGIA, INC.
(Reductive Photo-Dechlorination Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Reductive Photo-Dechlorination (RPD)
treatment uses ultraviolet (UV) light in a
reducing atmosphere and at moderate
temperatures to treat waste streams containing
chlorinated hydrocarbons (CIHC). Because
CIHCs are destroyed in a reducing environment,
the only products are hydrocarbons and hydrogen
chloride (HC1).
The RPD process is depicted in the figure below.
The process consists of five main units: (1)
input/mixer (2) photo-thermal chamber (3) HC1
scrubber (4) separator and (5) products storage
and recycling. Chlorinated wastes may be
introduced into the process in one of three ways:
vapor, liquid, or bound to an adsorbent, such as
activated carbon.
Air laden with chlorocarbon vapors is first passed
through a condenser, which removes chlorinated
materials as liquids. Chlorocarbon liquids are
fed into a vaporizer, mixed with a reducing gas,
and passed into the photo-thermal chamber.
Chlorinated contaminants adsorbed onto activated
carbon are purged with reducing gas and mildly
heated to induce vaporization. The ensuing
vapors are then fed into the photo-thermal
chamber.
The photo-thermal chamber is the heart of the
RPD process because all reactions central to the
process occur in this chamber. Saturated,
olefinic, or aromatic chlorocarbons with one or
more carbon-chlorine bonds are exposed to UV
light, heat, and a reducing atmosphere, such as
hydrogen gas or methane. According to
ENERGIA, Inc., carbon-chlorine bonds are
broken, resulting in chain-propagating
hydrocarbon reactions. Chlorine atoms are
eventually stabilized as HC1, which is easily
removed in a scrubber. Hydrocarbons may hold
their original structures, rearrange, cleave,
couple, or go through additional hydrogenation.
Hydrocarbons produced from the dechlorination
of wastes include ethane, acetylene, ethene, and
methane. Valuable hydrocarbon products can be
stored, sold, or recycled as auxiliary fuel to heat
the photo-thermal chamber.
Reducing Gas
Exhaust
Exhaust
Reducing Gas
Make-up
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination (RPD) Treatment
Page 38
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The RPD process is designed specifically to treat
volatile chlorinated wastes in the liquid, gaseous,
or adsorbed states. The RPD process was tested
on methyl chloride, dichloromethane (DCM),
chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethane
(TCA), dichloroethene (PCE), and
trichloroethene (TCE).
Field applications include treatment of organic
wastes discharged from soil vapor extraction
operations, vented from industrial hoods and
stacks, and adsorbed on activated carbon. The
process can be used to (1) treat gas streams
containing chlorinated hydrocarbons, and (2)
pretreat gas streams entering catalytic oxidation
systems by reducing chlorine content and
protecting the catalyst against poisoning.
In comparison to other photo-thermal processes
(such as reductive photo-thermal oxidation
[RPTO] and photo-thermal oxidation [PTO]), the
RPD process is mostly applicable to streams
without air and very high concentrations of
contaminants (bulk down to greater than 1
percent). At very low concentrations (parts per
million) and in the presence of air, the other
photo-thermal processes may more cos- effective.
STATUS:
Bench-scale experiments were conducted on
several contaminants (such as DCM, DCE, TCA,
and TCE). Measurements of concentrations of
parent compounds and products as a function of
residence time were obtained at several test
conditions. From these measurements,
conversion and dechlorination efficiencies were
determined at optimal operating conditions.
Experimental results on a representative
chlorocarbon contaminant (TCA) are available in
the Emerging Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-
94/508). Greater than 99 percent conversion and
dechlorination were demonstrated with high
selectivity towards two saleable hydrocarbon
products, .ethane and methane. Similar favorable
results were obtained for other saturated and
unsaturated chlorocarbons treated by the RPD
process.
Results of a cost analysis based on experimental
data, indicate that the RPD process is extremely
cost competitive. For example, the cost of
treating TCE concentrations of 1,000 ppm and
10,000 ppm is $1.10 and $0.25 per pound
treated, respectively. The cost per 1,000 cubic
feet of contaminated stream with 1,000 ppm is
$0.38 and $0.88, respectively.
All technical data have been gathered and
optimization has been completed. Design and
assembly of a pilot-scale prototype are underway.
The field demonstration may take place during
1999. The developer is seeking appropriate sites
for field demonstration. After successful
demonstration, the RPD process will be ready for
full-scale commercialization.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Michelle Simon
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West iMartin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7469
Fax: 513-569-7676
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Moshe Lavid
ENERGIA, Inc.
P.O. Box 470
Princeton, NJ 08542-470
609-799-7970
Fax: 609-799-0312
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 39
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH CORPORATION
(Hybrid Fluidized Bed System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Hybrid Fluidized Bed (HFB) system treats
contaminated solids and sludges by incinerating
organic compounds and extracting and
detoxifying volatile metals. The system consists
of three stages: a spouted bed, a fluidized
afterburner, and a high-temperature particulate
soil extraction system.
First, the spouted bed rapidly heats solids and
sludges to allow extraction of volatile organic and
inorganic compounds. The spouted bed retains
larger soil clumps until they are reduced in size
but allows fine material to pass through quickly.
This segregation process is beneficial because
organic contaminants in fine particles vaporize
rapidly. The decontamination time for large
particles is longer due to heat and mass transfer
limitations.
The central spouting region is operated with an
inlet gas velocity of greater than 150 feet per
second. This velocity creates an abrasion and
grinding action, rapidly reducing the size of the
feed materials through attrition. The spouted bed
operates between 1,500 and 1,700 °F under
oxidizing conditions.
Organic vapors, volatile metals, and fine soil
particles are carried from the spouted bed
through an open-hole type distributor, which
forms the bottom of the second stage, the
fluidized bed afterburner. The afterburner
provides sufficient retention time and mixing to
incinerate the organic compounds that escape the
spouted bed, resulting in a destruction and
removal efficiency of greater than 99.99 percent.
The afterburner also contains bed materials that
absorb metal vapors, capture fine particles, and
promote formation of insoluble metal silicates.
The bed materials are typically made of silica-
supported bauxite, kaolinite, or lime.
In the third stage, the high-temperature
particulate soil extraction system removes clean
processed soil from the effluent gas stream with
one or two hot cyclones. Clean soil is extracted
hot to prevent unreacted volatile metal species
from condensing in the soil. Off-gases are then
quenched and passed through a conventional
baghouse to capture the condensed metal vapors.
Generally, material handling problems create
major operational difficulties for soil cleanup
devices. The HFB system uses a specially
designed auger feed system. Solids and sludges
are dropped through a lock hopper system into an
auger shredder, which is a rugged, low-
revolutions-per-minute, feeding-grinding device.
Standard augers are simple and reliable, but often
they are susceptible to clogging from feed
compression in the auger. In the HFB system,
the auger shredder is close-coupled to the
spouted bed to reduce compression and clump
formation during feeding. The close-couple
Page 40
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February1999
Completed Ptoject
arrangement locates the tip of the auger screw
several inches from the internal surface of the
spouted bed, preventing the formation of soil
plugs.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology is applicable to soils and sludges
contaminated with organic and volatile inorganic
contaminants. Nonvolatile inorganics are not
affected.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in January 1990.
Design and construction of the commercial
prototype HFB system and a limited shakedown
are complete. The Emerging Technology
Bulletin (EPA/540/F-93/508) is available from
EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Teri Richardson
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research,
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7949
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Richard Koppang
Energy and Environmental Research
Corporation
18 Mason Street
Irvine, CA 92718
714-859-8851
Fax: 714-859-3194
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 41
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH CORPORATION
(Reactor Filter System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Energy and Environmental Research
Corporation (EER) Reactor Filter System (RFS)
technology is designed to control gaseous and
entrained particulate matter emissions from the
primary thermal treatment of sludges, soils, and
sediments. Most Superfund sites are
contaminated with toxic organic chemicals and
metals. Currently available thermal treatment
systems for detoxifying these materials release
products of incomplete combustion (PIC) and
volatile toxic metals. In addition, the large air
pollution control devices (APCD) often required
to control PICs and metals are generally not
suitable for transport to remote Superfund sites.
EER designed the RFS to avoid some of these
logistical problems. The RFS uses a fabric filter
installed immediately downstream of the thermal
treatment process; the filter controls toxic
metals, particulates, and unburned organic
species. The RFS involves the following three
steps:
First, solids are treated with a primary
thermal process, such as a rotary kiln,
fluidized bed, or other system designed
for thermal treatment.
Next, a low-cost, aluminosilicate
sorbent, such as kaolinite, is injected
into the flue gases at temperatures near
1,300 °C (2,370 °F). The sorbent
reacts with volatile metal species such
as lead, cadmium, and arsenic in the
gas stream; the metals chemically
adsorb onto the surfaces of the sorbent
particles. This adsorbtion forms
insoluble, nonleachable alumino-silicate
complexes similar to cementitious species.
Finally, fabric filtration, operating at
temperatures up to 1,000 °C (1,830 °F)
provides additional residence time for
the sorbent/metalreaction, producing
nonleachable by-products. This step
also provides additional time for the
destruction of organic compounds
associated with particulate matter,
reducing ash toxicity.
Example Application of RFS Equipment
Page 42
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Completed Project
Because of the established link between PIC
formation and gas-particle chemistry, this process
can virtually eliminate potential polychlorinated
dioxin formation.
The RFS may improve the performance of
existing thermal treatment systems for Superfund
wastes containing metals and organics. During
incineration, hazardous organics are often
attached to the particulate matter that escapes
burning in the primary zone. The RFS provides
sufficient residence time at sufficiently high
temperatures to destroy such organics. Also, by
increasing gas-solid contact parameters, the
system can decrease metal emissions by
preventing the release of metals in vapors or
retained on entrained particles.
The figure on the previous page shows the RFS
installed immediately downstream of the primary
thermal treatment zone at EER's Spouted Bed
Combustion Facility. Because the spouted bed
generates a highly particulate-laden gas stream,
a high-temperature cyclone is used to remove
coarse particulate matter upstream of the RFS.
Sorbent is injected into the flue gas upstream of
the high temperature fabric filter. A
conventional baghouse was available for
comparison with RFS performance during the
demonstration. However, the baghouse is not
needed in typical RFS applications because the
high-temperature filtration medium has shown
similar performance to conventional fabric
filtration media.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The RFS is designed to remove entrained
particulates, volatile toxic metals, and condensed-
phase organics present in high-temperature (800
to 1,000 °C) gas streams generated from the
thermal treatment of contaminated soils, sludges,
and sediments. Many conventional treatments
can be combined with the RFS technology.
Process residuals will consist of nonleachable
particulates that are essentially free of organic
compounds, thus reducing toxicity, handling
risks, and landfill disposal.
STATUS:
The RFS was accepted into the Emerging
Technology Program in 1993. EER developed
the pilot-scale process through a series of bench-
scale screening studies, which were completed in
September 1994. The screening studies guided
the sorbent selection and operating conditions for
the pilot-scale demonstration. The tests were
completed in 1996; the final report will be
available from the National Technical
Information Service.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Steven Rock
U.S. EPA . !
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569^7149
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Neil Widmer
Energy and Environmental
Research Corporation
18 Mason Street
Irvine, CA 92718
714-859-8851
Fax: 714-859-3194
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 43
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Fungal Degradation Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are
typical pollutants at creosote wood treatment sites
and at manufacturing gas plants (MGP). Media
contaminated with these compounds are
considered hazardous due to the potential
carcinogenic effects of specific PAHs.
Environmental BioTechnologies, Inc. (EBT),
investigated the bioremediation of contaminants
associated with former MGP sites in a program
cbsponsored by the Electric Power Research
Institute and the U. S. EPA. Initially, EBT
screened over 500 fungal cultures (mostly brown
and white rot fungi) for their ability to degrade
PAHs and other organic pollutants. A group of
30 cultures were more intensely examined and
several cultures were optimized for use in a soil
composting process.
EBT conducted bench-scale treatability studies to
assess the feasibility of PAH degradation in soil
using a fungal-augmented system designed to
enhance natural biological metabolic processes.
Results of one study are shown in the figure
below. Concentrations of 10 PAHs were
determined over a 59-day treatment period.
Some states have a soil treatment standard of 100
parts per million for total PAHs. EBT's fungal
treatment process was able to reach this cleanup
standard within a 5- to 6-week treatment period
for one PAH-contaminated soil, as shown in the
figure on the next page.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
One intended environmental application for this
technology is the treatment of soil and sediment
contaminated with coal tar wastes from former
MGP sites. Soils at these sites are contaminated
with PAHs and are difficult to cost-effectively
remediate. EBT's fungal soil treatment process
is projected to cost $66 to $80 per ton, which is
more cost-effective than other technical
approaches such as coburning in utility burners,
thermal desorption, and incineration.
STATUS:
EBT was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in 1993 and began
laboratory studies in 1994, The project was
completed in 1996. The overall project
objectives were to (1) identify fungal and
bacterial cultures that efficiently degrade coal tar
Napnmatene
Chrysene
Fluorene Fluoranttiene Pyrene
Time (Days)
Fungal Degradation of Five PAHs in Soil Over A 59-Day Period
Page 44
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Completed Project
wastes, and (2) develop and demonstrate a pilot-
scale process that can be commercialized for
utility industry applications.
EBT initially worked with PAH-spiked water and
soils, EBT then tested, under optimized
conditions, selected soil cultures from several
MGP sites identified by New England Electric
Services, a utility company sponsor. Testing
identified several possibly superior fungal
cultures capable of degrading PAHs. These
cultures exhibited degradative preferences for
either lower molecular weight or higher
molecular weight PAHs, suggesting a consortia
as a possible best approach. These cultures were
then examined in nutrient-supplemented systems
to determine optimal PAH degradation rates.
A bench-scale composter system was used to
determine optimal moisture content, soil
amendment requirements, and inoculation
procedures for accelerating PAH degradation.
During the second year, small (less than 1 cubic
yard) plots of MGP-site soil were used to test the
optimized process hi laboratory studies before a
field demonstration is conducted. Results from
the evaluation was published by U. S. EPA in
1997. Based on its performance during the
Emerging Technology Program evaluation, the
microbial composting process has been invited to
participate in the SITE Demonstration Program.
EBT has also conducted a bench-scale treatability
study for a company hi France to determine the
feasibility of fungal PAH degradation hi MGP
soil. Results demonstrated an increased rate of
biodegradation hi the fungal-augmented system
for all of the measured individual PAH
compounds hi the 80-day treatment period,
compared with the natural, unamended system.
i
EBT is also currently conducting a 10-ton soil
PAH field project to demonstrate that the fungal
degradation process can be scaled up and used hi
commercial, applications.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Douglas Munnecke
Environmental BioTechnologies, Inc.
969C Industrial Road
San Carlos, CA 94070
415-596-1020
Fax: 415-596-1016
E-mail: ebt@ix.netcom.com
600
E500
^400
O 300
Q- 200
1
£ 100
- Fungal System
-Ccntrd —i
10
20
40
Time (days)
Degradation of Total PAHs In Soil
50
60
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 45
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
FERRO CORPORATION
(Waste Vitrification Through Electric Melting)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Vitrification technology converts contaminated
soils, sediments, and sludges into oxide glasses,
chemically rendering them nontoxic and suitable
for landfilling as nonhazardous materials.
Successful vitrification of soils, sediments, and
sludges requires (1) development of glass
compositions tailored to a specific waste, and
(2) glass melting technology that can convert the
waste and additives into a stable glass without
producing toxic emissions.
In an electric melter, glass — an ionic conductor
of relatively high electrical resistivity — stays
molten with heating. Such melters process waste
under a relatively thick blanket of feed material,
which forms a counterflow scrubber that limits
volatile emissions (see figure below).
GLASS-MAKING
MATERIALS
Commercial electric melters have significantly
reduced the loss of inorganic volatile constituents
such as boric anhydride (B2O3) or lead oxide
(PbO). Because of its low emission rate and
small volume of exhaust gases, electric melting is
a promising technology for incorporating waste
into a stable glass matrix.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
Vitrification stabilizes inorganic components
found in hazardous waiste. In addition, the high
temperature involved in glass production (about
1,500 °C) decomposes organic compounds in the
waste such as anthracene, bis(2-ethylhexyl
phthalate), and pentachlorophenol. The
decomposition products can easily be removed
from the low volume of melter off-gas.
<150°C
some dust
>7 & volatiles
r
Electrode
-Steel
FRIT, MARBLES, etc.
I \ STABLE
1 / GLASS
Electric Furnace Vitrification
DISPOSAL
Page 46
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Completed Project
STATUS:
Under the Emerging Technology Program,
synthetic soil matrix IV (SSM-IV) has been
developed and subjected to toxicity characteristic
leaching procedure.(TCLP) testing.
Ten independent replicates of the preferred
composition produced the following results:
Metal
As
Cd
Cr
Cu
Pb
Ni
Zn
TCLP analyte concentration,
parts per million
Remediation
Limit
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
Mean of Glass
Replicates
<0.100
<0.010
0.019
0.355
0.130
<0.010
0.293
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7571
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
S.K. Muralidhar
Ferro Corporation
Corporate Research
7500 East Pleasant Valley Road
Independence, OH 44131
216-641-8580
Fax: 216-524-0518
SSM-IV and additives (including sand, soda ash,
and other minerals) required to convert SSM-IV
to the preferred glass composition have been
processed in a laboratory-scale electric melter.
Three separate campaigns have produced glass at
17 pounds per hour,at a fill of 67 percent
SSM-IV and 33 percent glass-making additives.
The TCLP mean analyte concentrations were less
than 10 percent of the remediation limit at a
statistical confidence of 95 percent. Ferro
Corporation's experience indicates that this
melting rate would produce an equivalent rate of
1 ton per hour in an electric melter used to treat
wastes at a Superfund site. The Emerging
Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/503) is
available from EPA.
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 47
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
GENERAL ATOMICS,
NUCLEAR REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES DIVISION
(Acoustic Barrier Particulate Separator)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The acoustic barrier separates participates in a
high temperature gas flow. The separator
produces an acoustic waveform directed against
the gas flow, causing particulates to move
opposite the flow. The particulates drift to the
wall of the separator, where they aggregate with
other particulates and precipitate into a collection
hopper. The acoustic barrier particulate
separator differs from other separators by
combining both high efficiency and high
temperature capabilities.
The figure below presents a conceptual design.
High temperature inlet gas flows through a
muffler chamber and an agglomeration segment
before entering the separation chamber. In the
separation chamber, particulates stagnate due to
the acoustic force and then drift to the chamber
wall, where they collect as a dust cake that falls
into a collection hopper. The solids are
transported from the collection hopper by a
screw-type conveyor against a clean purge gas
counterflow. The purge gas cools the solids and
guards against contamination of particulates by
inlet-gas volatiles in the process stream.
The gas flows past the acoustic source and leaves
the separation chamber through an exit port. The
gas then passes through another muffler chamber
and flows through sections where it is allowed to
cool and any remaining gas-borne particulate
samples are collected. Finally, the gas is further
scrubbed or filtered as necessary before it is
discharged.
The separator can remove the entire range of
particle sizes; it has a removal efficiency of
greater than 90 percent for submicron particles
and an overall removal efficiency of greater than
99 percent. Due to the large diameter of the
separator, the system is not prone to fouling.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology can treat off-gas streams from
thermal desprption, pyrolysis, and incineration of
soil, sediment, sludges, other solid wastes, and
liquid wastes. The acoustic barrier particulate
separator is a high-temperature, high-throughput
process with a high removal efficiency for fine
dust and fly ash. It is particularly suited for
thermal processes where high temperatures must
be maintained to prevent condensation onto
particulates. Applications include removal of
OUTLET
GAS *
•-=---
II = r-
COOLINO AND
LOCATION
INLET
GAS
ACOUSTIC
SOURCE
AGGLOMERATION
SEGMENT
SEPARATION
CHAMBER
MUFFLER
"***
PURGE
GAS
Acoustic Barrier Particulate Separator
Page 48
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February1999
Cotnoleted Pfoiect
gas-borne solids during thermal treatment of
semivolatile organics, such as polychlorinated
biphenyls, and gas-phase separation of
radioactive particles from condensible hazardous
materials.
STATUS:
The acoustic barrier particulate separator was
accepted into the SITE Emerging Technology
Program in 1993. The principal objective of this
project will be to design, construct, and test a
pilot-scale acoustic barrier particulate separator
that is suitable for parallel arrangement into
larger systems. The separator will be designed
for a flow of 300 cubic feet per minute and will
be tested using a simulated flue gas composed of
heated gas and injected dust.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPA ,
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Anthony Gattuso
General Atomics
Nuclear Remediation Technologies Division
MS 2/633
P.O. Box 85608
San Diego, CA 92186-9784
619-455-2910
Fax: 619-455-3679
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 49
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
HARDING LAWSON ASSOCIATES
(Formerly ABB Environmental Services,, Inc.)
(Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In Situ Treatment Strategy)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The two-zone, plume interception, in situ
treatment strategy is designed to treat chlorinated
and nonchlorinated organic compounds in
saturated soils and groundwater using a sequence
of anaerobic and aerobic conditions (see figure
below). The in situ anaerobic and aerobic system
constitutes a treatment train that biodegrades a
wide assortment of chlorinated and
nonchlorinated compounds.
When applying this technology, anaerobic and
aerobic conditions are produced hi two distinct,
hydraulically controlled, saturated soil zones.
Groundwater passes through each zone as it is
recirculated through the treatment area. The first
zone, the anaerobic zone, is designed to partially
dechlorinate highly chlorinated solvents such as
tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE),
and 1,1,1-trichloroethane with natural biological
processes. The second zone, the aerobic zone, is
designed to biologically oxidize the partially
dechlorinated products from the first zone, as
well as other compounds that were not
susceptible to the anaerobic treatment phase.
Anaerobic conditions are produced or enhanced
hi the first treatment zone by introducing a
primary carbon source, such as lactic acid, and
mineral nutrients, such as nitrogen and
phosphorus. When proper anaerobic conditions are
attained, the target contaminants are reduced.
For example, PCE is dechlorinated to TCE, and
TCE is dechlorinated to dichloroethene (DCE)
and vinyl chloride. Under favorable conditions,
this process can completely dechlorinate the
organics to ethene and ethane.
Aerobic conditions are produced or enhanced in
the second treatment zone by introducing
oxygen, mineral nutrients such as nitrogen and
phosphorus, and possibly an additional carbon
source, such as methane (if an insufficient supply
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In Situ Treatment Strategy
Page 50
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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Completed Project
of methane results from the upstream, anaerobic
zone). When proper aerobic conditions are
attained in this zone, partially dechlorinated
products and other target compounds from the
first zone are oxidized. For example, less-
chlorinated ethenes such as DCE and vinyl
chloride are cometabolized during the aerobic
microbiological degradation of methane.
The treatment strategy is designed to biologically
remediate subsoils by enhancing indigenous
microorganism activity. If indigenous bacterial
populations do not provide the adequate
anaerobic or aerobic results, specially adapted
cultures can be introduced to the aquifer. These
cultures are introduced using media-filled
trenches that can support added microbial
growth.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The two-zone, plume interception, in situ treatment
strategy is designed to treat groundwater and
saturated soils containing chlorinated and
nonchlorinated organic compounds.
STATUS:
The two-zone, plume interception, in situ
treatment strategy was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1989.
Optimal treatment parameters for field testing
were investigated in bench-scale soil aquifer
simulators. The objectives of bench-scale testing
were to (1) determine factors affecting the
development of each zone, (2) evaluate
indigenous bacterial communities,
(3) demonstrate treatment of chlorinated and
nonchlorinated solvent mixtures, and (4) develop
a model for the field remediation design. The
Emerging Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/510),
which details the bench-scale testing results, is
available from EPA. '
A pilot-scale field demonstration system was
installed at an industrial facility in Massachusetts.
Pilot-scale testing began in September 1996.
Results from this testing indicate the following:
• The reductive dechlorination of PCE and
TCE to DCE, VC, and ethene has been
accomplished primarily by sulfate-reducing
bacteria.
• A time lag of about 4 months was required
before significant reductive dechlorination
occurred. This corresponded to the time
and lactic acid dosing required to reduce
the redox to about -100 throughout the
treatment cell.
• Sequential anaerobic-aerobic (Two-Zone)
biodegradation of PCE and its degradation
products appear to be a viable and cost-
effective treatment technology for the
enhancement of natural reductive
dechlorination processes.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPANational Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Jaret Johnson or Willard Murray
Harding Lawson Associates
107 Audubqn Road, Suite 25
Wakefield, MA 01880
781-246-6606
Fax: 781-246-5060
E-mail: jjohnson@harding.com or
wmurray@harding.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 51
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE MANAGEMENT
RESEARCH CENTER AT NEW JERSEY
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY and
RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY
(Pneumatic Fracturing and Bioremediation Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Hazardous Substance Management Research
Center (HSMRC) has developed a technology for
the in situ remediation of organic contaminants.
The process enhances hi situ bioremediation
through pneumatic fracturing to establish an
extended biodegradation zone supporting aerobic,
denitrifying, and methanogenic populations. The
technique is designed to provide faster transport
of nutrients and electron acceptors (for example,
oxygen and nitrate) to the microorganisms,
particularly hi geologic formations with moderate
to low permeability.
An overview of the process is shown in the figure
below. First, the formation is pneumatically
fractured by applying high pressure air in 2-foot-
long, discrete intervals through a proprietary
device known as an HQ Injector. After the
formation has been fractured with air, nutrients
or other chemicals are introduced into the
fracture network to stimulate biological activity.
The carrier gas and the particular amendments
(atomized liquid or dry media) injected into the
formation can be adjusted according to the target
contaminant and the desired degradation
environment (aerobic, denitrifying, and
anaerobic). The high air-to-liquid ratio atomizes
the liquid supplements during injection,
increasing their ability to penetrate the fractured
formation. In the final step of the process, the
site is operated as an in situ bioremediation cell
to degrade the contaminants. A continuous, low-
level air flow is maintained through the fracture
network by a vacuum pump that provide oxygen
to the microbial populations. Periodically,
additional injections are made to replenish
nutrients and electron acceptors.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The integrated process can be applied to a wide
variety of geologic formations. In geologic
formations with low to moderate permeabilities,
such as thpse containing clay, silt, or tight
bedrock, the process creates artificial fractures
that increase formation permeability. In
Overview of the Integrated Pneumatic Fracturing and Bioremediation Process
Page 52
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February1999
Cotnoleted Prniprt
formations with higher permeabilities, the
process is still useful for rapid aeration and
delivery of amendments to the microorganisms.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1991 and
was evaluated at a gasoline refinery located in the
Delaware Valley. Soil at the site was
contaminated with benzene, toluene, and xylene
(BTX) at concentrations up to 1,500 milligrams
per kilogram, along with other hydrocarbons.
The evaluation was completed in May 1994.
Contact the EPA Project Manager for a copy of the
results from the evaluation. A journal article has
been submitted to the Journal of Air and Waste
Management. Throughout the 50-week pilot-scale
evaluation, off-gases were monitored for BTX,
carbon dioxide, and methane, which served as
indicators of biological activity. Process
effectiveness was evaluated by comparing
analytical results of soil samples collected at the
beginning and the end of the evaluation.
Vapor extraction tests revealed postfracture air
flows to be 24 to 105 times higher than
prefracture air flows. Measurements of ground
surface heave and observations of fractures
venting to the ground surface indicated that the
fractures had effective radii of up to 20 feet from
the injection point.
Soil gas data collected at the monitoring wells
show that the indigenous microbial populations
responded favorably to the injection of the soil
amendments. Soil gas data consistently showed
elevated levels of carbon dioxide immediately
following each injection, indicating increased
rates of BTX mineralization. Correspondingly,
BTX concentrations in the wells gradually
declined over time after depletion of oxygen and
nitrate, at which time methanogenic processes
began to dominate until the next subsurface
amendment injection.
Comparative analysis of soil samples extracted
from the site before and after the evaluation
period showed that a substantial amount of BTX
was degraded as a result of the integrated
process. Total soil-phase BTX was reduced from
28 to 6 kilograms over the 50-week pilot test,
corresponding to a 79 percent reduction in total
BTX mass. An assessment of pathways of BTX
loss from the formation showed a large propor-
tion of the mass reduction (85 percent) was
attributable to bioremediation.
Process development for this evaluation was
supported in part by the U.S. Department of
Defense, Advanced Research Projects Agency,
and the Office of Naval Research.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7571
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
John Schuring
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering
New Jersey Institute of Technology
University Heights
Newark, NJ 07102
201-596-5849
Fax: 201-802-1946
David Kossori
Department of Chemical and Biochemical
Engineering
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
P.O. Box 909
Piscataway, NJ 08855
908-445-4346;
Fax: 908-445-2637
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 53
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
fflGH VOLTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS, INC.
(High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The high-energy electron beam irradiation
technology is a low-temperature method for
destroying complex mixtures of hazardous
organic chemicals in hazardous wastes. These
wastes include slurried soils, river or harbor
sediments, and sludges. The technology can also
treat contaminated soils and groundwater.
The figure below illustrates the mobile electron
beam treatment system. The system consists of
"a computer-automated, portable electron beam
accelerator and a delivery system. The 500-
kilovolt electron accelerator produces a
continuously variable beam current from 0 to 40
milliamperes. At full power, the system is rated
at 20 kilowatts. The waste feed rate and beam
current can be varied to obtain doses of up to
2,000 kilorads in a one-pass, flow-through mode.
i i
The system is trailer-mounted and is completely
self-contained, including a 100-kilowatt generator
for remote locations or line connectors where
power is available. The system requires only a
mixing tank to slurry the treatable solids. The
system also includes all necessary safety checks.
The computerized control system continuously
monitors the waste feed rate, absorbed dose,
accelerator potential, beam current, and all safety
shutdown features. The feed rate is monitored
with a calibrated flow valve. The absorbed dose
is estimated based on the difference in the
temperature of the waste stream before and after
irradiation. The system is equipped with
monitoring devices that measure the waste stream
temperature before and after irradiation. Both
the accelerating potential and the beam current
are obtained directly from the transformer.
CONTROL ROOM
PUMPING SYSTEM ELECTRON ACCELERATOR OFFICE/LAB
42'-0" (504")
T
LANDING
LEGS
1103/4"
Mobile Electron Beam Treatment System
Page 54
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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Except for slurrying, this technology does not
. require any pretreatment of wastes.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology treats a variety of organic
compounds, including wood-treating chemicals,
pesticides, insecticides, petroleum residues, and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in slurried soils,
sediments, and sludges.
STATUS:
High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc.
(HVEA), was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in 1993. Under this
program, HVEA will demonstrate its mobile pilot
plant on soils, sediments, or sludges at various
hazardous waste sites. Candidate sites are being
identified. On-site studies will last up to 2
months.
Initial studies by HVEA have shown that electron
beam irradiation effectively removes 2,4,6-
trinitrotoluene from soil slurries.
As part of the Emerging Technology Program,
HVEA has identified 350 tons of soil
contaminated with an average Aroclor 1260
concentration of about 1,000 milligrams per
kilogram. A small 1-ton feasibility study was
conducted in August 1995. After results are
available from the 1-ton study, HVEA plans to
make its mobile unit available for full-scale
remediations.
In a recent bench-scale study, a multisource
hazardous waste leachate containing 1 percent
dense nonaqueous phase liquid was successfully
treated. In another bench-scale study, a leachate
containing a: light nonaqueous phase liquid
contaminated with PCBs was treated to F039
standards.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Mary Stinson
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
MS-104, Building 10
2890 Woodbridge Avenue
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
908-321-6683
Fax: 908-321-6640
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
William Cooper
High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc
9562 Doral Boulevard
Miami, FL 33178
305-593-5330
Fax: 305-593-0071
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 55
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
INSTITUTE OF GAS TECHNOLOGY
(Chemical and Biological Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) chemical
and biological treatment (CBT) process
remediates sludges, soils, groundwater, and
surface water contaminated with organic
pollutants, such as polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated
biphenyls. The treatment system (see photograph
below) combines two remedial techniques:
(1) chemical oxidation as pretreatment, and
(2) biological treatment using aerobic and
anaerobic biosystems in sequence or alone,
depending on the waste. The CBT process uses
mild chemical treatment to produce intermediates
that are biologically degraded, reducing the cost
and risk associated with a more severe treatment
process such as incineration.
During the pretreatment stage, the contaminated
material is treated with a chemical reagent that
degrades the organics to carbon dioxide, water,
and partially oxidized intermediates. In the
second stage of the CBT process, biological
systems degrade the hazardous residual materials
and the partially oxidized intermediates from the
first stage. Chemically treated wastes are
subjected to cycles of aerobic and anaerobic
degradation, if aerobic or anaerobic treatment
alone is not sufficient. Several cycles of
chemical and biological treatment are also used
for extremely recalcitrant contaminants.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The CBT process can be applied to soils,
sludges, groundwater, and surface water
containing (1) high waste concentrations that
would typically inhibit bioremediation, or (2) low
waste concentrations for which bioremediation
alone is too slow. The process is not adversely
affected by radionuclides or heavy metals.
Depending on the types of heavy metals present,
these metals will bioaccumulate in the biomass,
Chemical and Biological Treatment Process
Page 56
The SITE Program assesses but does;not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 1999
Completed Ptoiect
complex with organic or inorganic material in the
soil slurries, or become soluble in the recycled
water.
The CBT process can be applied to a wide range
of organic pollutants, including alkenes,
chlor mated alkenes, aromatics, substituted
aromatics, and complex aromatics.
STATUS:
IGT evaluated the CBT process for 2 years under
the SITE Emerging Technology Program. The
Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-94/540), which details results
from the evaluation, is available from EPA.
Based on results from the Emerging Technology
Program, this technology was invited to
participate hi the SITE Demonstration Program.
Under the SITE Demonstration Program, IGT
plans to conduct a full-scale demonstration of the
CBT process on sediments containing PAHs.
Different operating scenarios will be used to
demonstrate how effectively the CBT process
treats sediments in a bioslurry reactor. Several
sites are being considered for the demonstration.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis -
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Robert Kelley
Institute of. Gas Technology
1700 South Mount Prospect Road
Des Plaines, IL 60018-1804
847-768-0722
Fax: 847-768-0546
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 57
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
INSTITUTE OF GAS TECHNOLOGY
(Fluid Extraction-Biological Degradation Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The three-step, fluid extraction-biological
degradation (FEED) process removes organic
contaminants from soil (see figure below). The
process combines three distinct technologies:
(1) fluid extraction, which removes the organics
from contaminated solids; (2) separation, which
transfers the pollutants from the extract to a
biologically compatible solvent or activated
carbon carrier; and (3) biological degradation,
which destroys the pollutants and leaves
innocuous end-products.
In the fluid extraction step, excavated soils are
placed hi a pressure vessel and extracted with a
recirculated stream of supercritical or near-
supercritical carbon dioxide. An extraction
cosolvent may be added to enhance the removal
of additional contaminants.
During separation, organic contaminants are
transferred to a biologically compatible
separation solvent, such as water or a water-
methanol mixture. The separation solvent is then
sent to the final stage of the process, where
bacteria degrade the waste to carbon dioxide and
water. Clean extraction solvent is then recycled
for use hi the extraction stage.
Organic contaminants are biodegraded hi
aboveground aerobic bioreactors, using mixtures
of bacterial cultures. Specific cultures are
selected based on site contaminant characteristics.
For example, if a site is primarily contaminated
with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH),
cultures able to metabolize or cometabolize these
hydrocarbons are used. In this way the
bioreactors can be configured to enhance the rate
and extent of biodegradation.
Research continues on using bound, activated
carbon in a carrier system during the separation
step. Bound activated carbon should allow high-
pressure conditions to be maintained in the fluid
extraction step, resulting in enhanced extraction
Contaminated
Soil
Stage 1
EXTRACTION
Decontaminated
Soil
Separation
Solvent
Stage 2
SEPARATION
Separation Solvents
with Contaminants
Stage 3
BIOLOGICAL
DEGRADATION
I
Water, Carbon
Dioxide, and
Biomass
Fluid Extraction-Biological Degradation Process
Page 58
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Februaryl999
Completed Project
efficiency and decreased extraction time. Bound,
activated carbon should also limit the loss of
carbon dioxide, thereby decreasing costs.
Activated carbon containing the bound PAHs
could then be treated in the biodegradation step
by converting the carrier system to a biofilm
reactor. The activated carbon carrier systems
could then be recycled into the high-pressure
system of the extraction and separation steps.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology removes organic compounds
from contaminated solids. It is more effective on
some classes of organics, such as hydrocarbons
(for example, gasoline and fuel oils), than on
others, such as halogenated solvents and
polychlorinated biphenyls. The process has also
been effective in treating nonhalogenated
aliphatic hydrocarbons and PAHs.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in June 1990.
The Institute of Gas Technology has evaluated all
three stages of the technology with soils from a
Superfund site and from three other manfactured
gas sites. These soils exhibited a variety of
physical and chemical characteristics. About 85
to 99 percent of detectable PAHs, including two-
to six-ring compounds, were removed from the
soils.
The measurable PAHs were biologically
converted in both batch-fed and continuously fed,
constantly stirred, tank reactors. The conversion
rate and removal efficiency were high hi all
systems. The PAHs were biologically removed
or transformed at short hydraulic retention times.
All PAHs, including four- to six-ring
compounds, were susceptible to biological
removal.
Results from this project were published in the
Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-94/501), which is available from
EPA. An article on the project was also submit-
ted to the Journal of Air and Waste Management.
Potential users of the technology have expressed
interest in continuing research, and the
technology has been invited to participate hi the
SITE Demonstration Program. The technology
would be able to remediate other manufactured
gas sites, wood treatment sites, and contaminated
soils and sediments.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Valdis Kukainis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7655
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Robert Paterek
Institute of Gas Technology
1700 South Mount Prospect Road
Des Plaines, IL 60018-1804
847-768-0720
Fax: 847-768-0546
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 59
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
INSTITUTE OF GAS TECHNOLOGY
(Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic Agglomerating Combustor)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) has
developed a two-stage, fluidized-bed/cyclonic
agglomerating combustor (AGGCOM) based on
a combination of IGT technologies. In the
combined system, solid, liquid, and gaseous
organic wastes are destroyed efficiently. Solid,
nonvolatile, inorganic contaminants are combined
within a glassy matrix consisting of discrete
pebble-sized agglomerates that are suitable for
disposal in a landfill.
The first stage of the combustor is an
agglomerating fluidized-bed reactor, which can
operate under substoichiometric conditions or
with excess air. The system can operate from
low temperature (desorption) to high temperature
(agglomeration). The system can also gasify
materials with high calorific values (for example,
municipal solid wastes). With a unique fuel and
air distribution, most of the fluidized bed is
maintained at 1,500 F° to 2,000 F°, while the
central hot zone temperature can be varied
between 2,000 F° and 3,000 F°.
When contaminated soils and sludges are fed into
the fluidized bed, the combustible fraction of the
waste is rapidly gasified and combusted. The
solid fraction, containing inorganic and metallic
contaminants, undergoes a chemical
transformation hi the hot zone and is
agglomerated into glassy pellets. The pellets are
essentially nonleachable under the conditions
AGGCOM Pilot Plant
Page 60
The SITE Program assesses but does not
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February 1999
Completed Project
of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure (TCLP). The product gas from the
fluidized bed may contain unburned
hydrocarbons, furans, dioxins, and carbon
monoxide, as well as carbon dioxide and water,
which are the products of complete combustion.
Product gas from the fluidized bed is fed into the
second stage of the combustor, where it is further
combusted at a temperature of 1,800 F° to 2,400
F°. The second stage is a high-intensity cyclonic
combustor and separator that provides sufficient
residence time (0.25 second) to oxidize carbon
monoxide and organic compounds to carbon
dioxide and water vapor. This stage has a
combined destruction and removal efficiency of
greater than 99.99 percent. Volatilized metals
are collected downstream in the flue gas scrubber
condensate.
The two-stage AGGCOM process is based on
IGT's experience with other fluidized-bed and
cyclonic combustion systems. The patented
sloping-grid design and ash discharge port in this
process were initially developed for IGT's
U-GAS coal gasification process. The cyclonic
combustor and separator is a modification of
IGT's low-emissions combustor.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The two-stage AGGCOM process can destroy
organic contaminants in gaseous, liquid, and
solid wastes, including soils and sludges.
Gaseous wastes can be fired directly into the
cyclonic combustor. Liquid, sludge, and solid
wastes can be co-fired directly into the fluidized
bed. Solid particles must be less than about 6
millimeters in diameter to support fluidized bed
operation; therefore, certain wastes may require
grinding or pulverizing prior to remediation.
Because the solid components in the waste are
heated above fusion temperature during the
agglomeration process, metals and other
inorganic materials are encapsulated and
immobilized within the glassy matrix.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging, Technology Program in July 1990.
Tests conducted in the batch, 6-inch-diameter,
fluidized bed have demonstrated that
agglomerates can be formed from the soil. The
agglomerates, produced at several different
operating conditions from soil spiked with lead
and chromium compounds, passed the TCLP test
for teachability.
A pilot-scale combustor with a capacity of 6 tons
per day has been constructed (see photograph on
previous page), and testing has produced samples
of agglomerated soil. Future testing will focus
on sustained and continuous operation of the
pilot-scale plant using different types of soil, as
well as other feedstocks. Tests with organic and
inorganic hazardous waste surrogates admixed
with the feed soil will also be conducted. A final
report on the project has been submitted to EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Teri Richardson
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati^ OH 45268
513-569-7949
Fax:513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Amir Rehmat or Michael Mensinger
Institute of Gas Technology
1700 South Mount Prospect Road
Des Plaines, IL 60018-1804
847-768-0588 or 847-768-0602
Fax: 847-768-0516
E-mail: arehmat@igt.org or mensing@igt.org
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 61
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
INSTITUTE OF GAS TECHNOLOGY
(Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Institute of Gas Technology's (IGT)
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation
(SELPhOx) process (see figure below) removes
organic contaminants from soils and sludges and
destroys them. SELPhOx combines two
processing steps: (1) supercritical extraction
(SCE) of organic contaminants, and (2) wet air
oxidation (WAO) of the extracted contaminants.
The two-step process, linked by a contaminant
collection stage, offers great flexibility for
removing and destroying both high and low
concentrations of organic contaminants.
Combining SCE and WAO in a single two-step
process allows development of a highly efficient
and economical process for remediating
contaminated soils. Supercritical extraction with
carbon dioxide (CO^) removes organic
contaminants from the soil while leaving much of
the original soil organic matrix in place. The
contaminants are collected on activated carbon in
a contaminant collection vessel. The activated
carbon with sorbed contaminants is then
transported in an aqueous stream to a WAO
reactor for destruction. Concentrating the
organic contaminants on activated carbon in
water provides a suitable matrix for the WAO
feed stream and improves process economics by
decreasing WAO reactor size. The activated
carbon is regenerated in the WAO reactor with
minimal carbon loss and can be recycled to the
contaminant collection vessel.
The SELPhOx process requires only water, air,
makeup activated carbon, and the extractant
(COj). Primary treatment products include
cleaned soil, water, nitrogen (from the air fed to
the WAO step), and CO2. Organic sulfur,
nitrogen, and chloride compounds that may be
present in the original soil or sludge matrix are
EXTRACTION
WET AIR OXIDATION
CONTAMINATED
SOIL
CO2 & H2O
GLEAMED
SOIL
CARBON FOR
RECYCLE
VESSEL HEATERS
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation (SELPhOx) Process
Page 62
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 1999
Completed Project
transformed to relatively innocuous compounds
in the product water. These compounds include
sulfuric acid and hydrogen chloride, or their
salts. The treated soil can be returned to the
original site, and the water can be safely
discharged after thermal energy recovery and
minor secondary treatment. The gas can be
depressurized by a turbo expander for energy
recovery and then vented through a filter.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The SELPhOx process removes organic
contaminants from soils and sludges, including
chlorinated and nonchlorinated polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated
biphenyls, and other organic contaminants. The
process is targeted toward sites that are
contaminated with high levels of these organics
(hot spots).
The SELPhOx process was accepted into the
SITE Emerging Technology Program in July
1994. The primary objectives of the project are
to (1) evaluate SCE's contaminant removal
efficiency, (2) determine the potential for CO2
recovery and reuse, and (3) determine destruction
efficiencies of extracted contaminants in the
WAO process. Analytical results from the
project will provide the necessary information for
the full-scale process design.
Laboratory-scale SCE tests have been completed
using soils contaminated with PAHs. Operating
conditions for the SCE stage and the activated
carbon adsorption stage have been selected. A
transportable field test unit was constructed and
tested with PAH-contaminated soil. The final
report has yet to be submitted by the developer.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Valdis R. Kukainis
U.S. EPA ,
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7955
Fax: 513-569-7879
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Michael Mensinger
ENDESCO Services, Inc.
1700 South1 Mount Prospect Road
Des Plaines, IL 60018-1804
847-768-0602
Fax: 847-768-0516
E-mail: mensinger @endesco.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 63
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(Batch Steam Distillation and Metal Extraction)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The batch steam distillation and metal extraction
treatment process is a two-stage system that treats
soils contaminated with organics and inorganics.
The system uses conventional, readily available
process equipment and does not generate
hazardous combustion products. Hazardous
materials are separated from soils as
concentrates, which can then be disposed of or
recycled. Treated soil can be returned to the
site.
During treatment, waste soil is slurried in water
and heated to 100° C. The heat vaporizes
volatile organic compounds (VOC) and produces
an amount of steam equal to 5 to 10 percent of
the slurry volume. Resulting vapors are
condensed and decanted to separate organic
contaminants from the aqueous phase.
Condensed water from this step can be recycled
through the system after soluble organics are
removed. The soil is then transferred as a slurry
to the metal extraction sitep.
In the metal extraction step, the soil slurry is
washed with hydrochloric acid. Subsequent
countercurrent batch washing with water removes
residual acid from the soil. The solids are then
separated from the final wash solution by
gravimetric sedimentation. Most heavy metals
are converted to chloride salts in this step. The
acid extract stream is then routed to a batch
steam distillation system, where excess
hydrochloric acid is recovered (see figure
below). Bottoms from the still, which contain
heavy metals, are precipitated as hydroxide salts
and are drawn off as a sludge for off-site disposal
or recovery.
As a batch process, this treatment technology is
targeted at sites with less than 5,000 tons of soil
Recycled water from
extraction step
Soil slurry to
metal extraction
or dewatering vessel
Batch distillation vessel
Batch Steam Distillation Step
Page 64
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Februaryl999
Completed Project
requiring treatment. Processing time depends on
equipment size and batch cycle times; about one
batch of soil can be treated every 4 hours.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This process may be applied to soils and sludges
contaminated with organics, inorganics, and
heavy metals.
The batch steam distillation and metal extraction
process was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in January 1988. The
evaluation was completed in 1992. The
Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-95/509), which details results from
the test, is available from EPA.
Under the program, three pilot-scale tests have
been completed on three soils, for a total of nine
tests. The removal rates for benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, and xylene were greater than
99 percent. The removal rates for chlorinated
solvents ranged from 97 to 99 percent. One acid
extraction and two water washes resulted in a 95
percent removal rate for heavy metals. Toxicity
characteristic leaching procedure tests on the
treated soils showed that soils from eight of the
nine tests met leachate criteria. Data were also
collected on the recovery rate for excess acid and
the precipitation rate of heavy metals into a
concentrate.
Estimated treatment costs per ton, including
capital recovery, for the two treatment steps are
shown hi the box below.
Batch Steam Distillation
500-ton site
2,500-ton site
Metals Extraction
(including acid recovery)
500-ton site
2,500-ton site
$299-393/ton
$266-350/ton
$447-6 19/ton
$396-545/ton
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Stuart Shealy
IT Corporation
312 Directors Drive
Knoxville, TN 37923-4709
423-690-3211
Fax: 423-694-9573
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(Chelation/Electrodeposition of Toxic Metals from Soils)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
IT Corporation has conducted laboratory-scale
research on an innovative process that removes
heavy metals from contaminated soils and sludges
by forming a soluble chelate. The metals and the
chelating agent are then separated from the soils
and recovered.
The treatment employs two key steps (see figure
below): (1) a water-soluble chelating agent, such
as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, bonds with
heavy metals and forms a chelate; and (2) an
electromembrane reactor (EMR) recovers the
heavy metals from the chelate and regenerates the
chelating agent.
Soils are screened before the chelation step to
remove large particles such as wood, metal
scrap, and large rocks.
The chelated soil is dewatered to separate the
water-soluble chelating agent from the solid
phase. The separated chelating agent, which
contains heavy metals, is then treated in the
EMR. The EMR consists of an electrolytic cell
with a cation transfer membrane separating the
cathode and anode chambers.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The technology is applicable to a wide variety of
metal-contaminated hazardous wastes, including
soils and sludges. To date, IT Corporation has
demonstrated the technology's effectivenessin
removing lead and cadmium from soils and
sludges.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1994.
The Jack's Creek site, located near Maitland,
Pennsylvania, was selected as a site for
technology evaluation. The site operated as a
precious and nonprecious metal smelting and
nonferrous metal recycling operation from 1958
to 1977. A portion of the property is currently
operated as a scrap yard. Lead concentrations in
the contaminated soil used for the evaluation was
Contaminated Soil
Regenerated Chelating Agent
Dewatering
(Phase
Separation)
W. "C
Clean" Soil
^ (Solid Phase)
Simplified Process Flow Diagram of Treatment Process
Wastewater
Page 66
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February 1999
Completed Project
approximately 2 percent. Toxicity characteristic
leaching procedure (TCLP) analysis on the
contaminated soil showed lead levels of 7.7
milligrams per liter (mg/L), which exceeds the
regulatory limit of 5 mg/L. During the project,
IT Corporation established appropriate conditions
for lead removal and recovery from the soil and
reduced TCLP concentrations of lead hi the soil
to below regulatory levels.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
George Moore
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7991
Fax: 513-569-7276
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Radha Krishnan
IT Corporation
11499 Chester Road
Cincinnati, OH 45246-4012
513-782-4700
Fax: 513-782-4663
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(Mixed Waste Treatment Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
IT Corporation's mixed waste treatment process
integrates thermal desorption, gravity separation,
water treatment, and chelant extraction
technologies to treat soils contaminated with
hazardous and radioactive constituents. The
process separates contaminants into distinct
organic and inorganic phases that can then be
further minimized, recycled, or destroyed at
commercial disposal facilities. Decontaminated
soil can then be returned to the site. Each
technology has been individually demonstrated on
selected contaminated materials. The process
flow diagram below shows how the technologies
have been integrated to treat mixed waste
streams.
During the initial treatment step, feed soil is
prepared using standard techniques, such as
screening, crushing, and grinding to remove
oversized material and provide a consistent feed
material.
Organic Phase
Thermal treatment removes volatile and semi-
volatile organics from the soil. Soil is indirectly
heated in a rotating chamber, volatilizing the
organic contaminants and any moisture hi the
soil. The soil passes thorough the chamber and is
collected as a dry solid. The volatilized organics
and water are condensed into separate liquid
phases. The organic phase is decanted and
removed for disposal. The contaminated aqueous
phase passes through activated carbon, which
removes soluble organics, before the aqueous
phase is combined with the thermally treated soil.
Inorganic contaminants are removed by three
physical and chemical separation techniques:
(1) gravity separation of high density particles
(2) chemical precipitation of soluble metals and
(3) chelant extraction! of chemically bound
metals.
Gravity separation is used to separate higher
density particles from common soil.
Radionuclide contaminants are typically found in
Water and
Conditioning
Agents
Heavy
Radionuclide
Particles
Radionuclides
on Resin
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Page 68
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Completed Project
this fraction. The gravity separation device (such
as a shaker table, jig, cone, or spiral) depends on
the contaminant distribution and the physical
properties of the thermally treated soil.
Many radionuclides and other heavy metals are
dissolved or suspended in the aqueous media.
These contaminants are separated from the soils
and are precipitated. A potassium ferrate for-
mulation precipitates radionuclides. The
resulting microcrystalline precipitant is removed,
allowing the aqueous stream to be recycled.
Some insoluble radionuclides remain with the soil
following the gravity separation process. These
radionuclides are removed by chelant extraction.
The chelant solution then passes through an ion-
exchange resin to remove the radionuclides, and
the solution is recycled to the chelant extraction
step.
The contaminants are collected as concentrates
from all waste process streams for recovery or
off-site disposal at commercial hazardous waste
or radiological waste facilities. Decontaminated
soil can be returned to the site as clean fill.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This process treats soils contaminated with
organic, inorganic, and radioactive material.
STATUS:
The mixed waste treatment process was selected
for the SITE Emerging Technology Program in
October 1991. Bench- and pilot-scale testing was
completed in late 1995; a report detailing
evaluation results was made available from EPA
in 1997. Individual components of the treatment
process have been demonstrated on various
wastes from the U.S. Department of Energy,
(DOE), the U.S. Department of Defense, and
commercial sites. Thermal separation has
removed and recovered polychlorinated
biphenyls from soils contaminated with uranium
and technetium. These soils were obtained from
two separate DOE gaseous diffusion plants.
Gravity separation of radionuclides has been
demonstrated at pilot scale on Johnston Atoll in
the Pacific Ocean. Gravity separation
successfully removed plutonium from native
soils.
Water treatment using potassium ferrate
formulations has been demonstrated at several
DOE facilities in laboratory- and full-scale tests.
This treatment approach reduced cadmium,
copper, lead, nickel, plutonium, silver, uranium,
and zinc to dischargeable levels.
Chelant extraction has successfully treated
surface contamination in the nuclear industry for
more than 20 years. Similar results are expected
for subsurface contamination.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Douglas Grosse
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7844
Fax: 513-569-7585
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Ed Alperin
IT Corporation
312 Directors Drive
Knoxville, TN 37923-4709
423-690-3211
Fax: 423-694-9573
The SITE Program assesses but does npt
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 69
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(Photolytic and Biological Soil Detoxification)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This technology is a two-stage, in situ photolytic
and biological detoxification process designed for
shallow soil contamination. The first step in the
process degrades the organic contaminants with
ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The photolytic
degradation rate is several times faster with
artificial UV light than with natural sunlight.
The degradation process is enhanced by adding
detergent-like chemicals (surfactants) to mobilize
the contaminants. Photolysis of the contaminants
converts them to more easily degraded
compounds. Periodic sampling and analysis
determines when photolysis is complete.
Biodegradation, the second step, further destroys
organic contaminants and detoxifies the soil.
When sunlight is used to treat shallow soil
contamination, the soil is first tilled with a power
tiller and sprayed with surfactant. The soil is
tilled frequently to expose new surfaces and
sprayed often to promote the degradation
process. Water may also be added to maintain
soil moisture.
When UV lights are used, parabolic reflectors
suspended over the soil increase the amount of
UV irradiation (see figure below). After
photolysis is complete, biodegradation is
enhanced by adding microorganisms and
nutrients and further tilling the soil.
When these techniques are applied to soils with
deep contamination, the soil must be excavated
and treated in a specially constructed shallow
treatment basin that meejts Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act requirements. When soil
contamination is shallovif, photolysis and housing
prevent contaminants from migrating to
groundwater.
Photolytic Degradation Process Using UV Lights
Page 70
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approve or endorse technologies.
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Febfuatvl999
Completed Project
The only treatment residuals of the process are
soil contaminated with surfactants and the end
metabolites of the biodegradation processes.
The end metabolites depend on the original
contaminants. The surfactants are common
materials used in agricultural formulations, the
soils can be left on site.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This photolytic and biological soil detoxification
process destroys organics, particularly dioxins
such as tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD),
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), other
polychlorinated aromatics, and polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1989; the
evaluation was completed hi 1992. The
Emerging Technology Report (PB95-159992) is
available for purchase from the National
Technical Information Services. The Emerging
Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/502) and
Emerging Technology Summary
(EPA/540/SR-94/531) are available from EPA.
Bench-scale tests conducted on dioxin-
contaminated soil showed that the effectiveness of
surface irradiation to degrade TCDDs or PCBs is
strongly influenced by soil type. Early tests on
sandy soils showed greater than 90 percent
removals for both TCDDs and PCBs. Using a
450-watt mercury lamp, the irradiation time was
more than 20 hours for greater than 90 percent
destruction of TCDD and more than 4 hours for
greater than 90 percent destruction of PCBs.
However, a high humic content decreased the
effectiveness of the UV photolysis. Soil
contaminated with PCBs in the bench-scale tests
had a high clay content. The highest removal
rate for these soils was 30 percent, measured
over a 16-hour irradiation time. Bench-scale
tests used a medium-pressure, mercury UV lamp;
sunlight was ineffective. No significant
improvement in PCB destruction was achieved
using a pulsed UV lamp.
The process was also tested with Fenton's
reagent chemistry as an alternate method of
degrading PCBs to more easily biodegraded
compounds. PCB destruction ranged from
nondetectable to 35 percent. Data indicates that
no significant change hi PCB chlorine levels
occurred during treatment.
Other studies examined PCB biodegradation in
(1) soil treated with a surfactant and UV
radiation, (2) untreated soil, and (3) soil known
to have PCB-degrading microorganisms. Study
results were as follows:
• PCB removal in the UV-treated soil,
untreated soil, and soil with known
biological activity was higher when
augmented with an isolated PCB
degrading microorganism.
• In the untreated soil, biphenyl was more
efficient at inducing PCB degradation
than 4-bromobiphenyl.
• For the treated soil, surfactant treatment
may have inhibited microbial activity due
to high total organic carbon and low pH.
Isolation and enrichment techniques have made it
possible to isolate microorganisms capable of
biodegrading PCBs hi contaminated soil.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7571
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Duane Graves
IT Corporation
312 Directors Drive
Knoxville, TN 37923-4709
423-690-3211
Fax: 423-694-3626
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 71
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
IT Corporation (IT) has used the Bioslurry
Reactor (developed by Tekno Associates of Salt
Lake City, Utah) to treat polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil. Traditional
biological treatments, such as landfarming and in
situ bioremediation, may not reduce PAHs in soil
to target levels hi a timely manner. Slurry
reactors are more efficient for bioremediation
and are more economical than thermal desorption
and incineration.
During the project, IT operated one 10-liter and
two 60-liter bioslurry reactors (see figure below)
in semicontinuous, plug-flow mode. The first
60-liter reactor received fresh feed daily and
supplements of salicylate and succinate.
Succinate is a by-product of naphthalene
metabolism and serves as a general carbon
source. Salicylate induces naphthalene
degradation of PAH plasmids hi the
microorganisms. The system has been shown to
degrade phenanthrene and anthracene. The
naphthalene pathway may also play a role in
carcinogenic PAH (CPAH) metabolism.
The first 60-liter reactor removed easily
degradable carbon and increased biological
activity against more recalcitrant PAHs (three-
ring compounds and higher).
Effluent from the first reactor overflowed to the
second 60-liter reactor in series, where Fenton's
reagent (hydrogen peroxide and iron salts) was
added to accelerate oxidation for four- to six-ring
ATMOSPHERE
EFFLUENT PROCESS WATER (MANUAL TRANSFERRING)
LEGENO!
\ SAMPLE PORT
(PR) PRESSURE REGULATOR
(p?) PRESSURE INDICATOR (S) TIMER
M-1 ».,
FEED JJR
MIXER BLOWER
R-1 M-2ABC T-7 Z-1 P-5 Z-2
AIR BIOREACTOR BIOREACTOR2 CARBON EFFLUENT AIR
ROTAMETER MIXER (SOIL) ADSORPTION PUMP SAMPLING
DEVICE
-.iucr, FEEDPUMP AIR
CONTAINER (12UDAY) FILTER
T-S T-» P-6
BIOREACTOR 1 BIOREACTOR 3 SLURRY
(SOIL) (SOIL) PUMP
T-2 T-5
CLARIFIER EFFLUENT
CONTAINER
(20L)
Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor System
Page 72
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 1999
Completed Project
PAHs. Fenton's reagent produces a free radical
that can oxidize multiring aromatic
hydrocarbons.
The T-8 reactor (third in a series) was used as a
polishing reactor to remove any partially
oxidized contaminants remaining after treatment
with Fenton's reagent. Slurry was removed from
this reactor and clarified using gravity settling
techniques.
The reactors increased the rate and extent of
PAH biodegradation, making bioslurry treatment
of soils and sludges a more effective and
economical remediation option.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology is applicable to PAH-
contaminated soils and sludges that can be readily
excavated for slurry reactor treatment. Soils
from coal gasification sites, wood-treating
facilities, petrochemical facilities, and coke plants
are typically contaminated with PAHs.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1993. Under
this program, IT Corporation conducted a pilot-
scale investigation of the three slurry reactors
operating hi series. A suitable soil for the pilot-
scale test was obtained from a wood-treating
facility in the southeastern United States. About
4,000 pounds of PAH-contaminated soil was
screened and treated during 1994. CPAH and
PAH removals were demonstrated at 84 and 95
percent, respectively. A final report was
available from EPA in 1997.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Brunilda Davila
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7849
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Kandi Brown
IT Corporation
312 Directors Drive
Knoxville, TN 37923
423-690-3211
Fax: 423-690-3626
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 73
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
KSE, INC.
(Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction (AIR 2000)
process combines two unit operations, adsorption
and chemical reaction, to treat air streams
containing dilute concentrations of volatile organic
compounds (VOC) (see photograph below).
The contaminated air stream containing dilute
concentrations of VOCs flows into a
photocatalytic reactor, where chlorinated and
nonchlorinated VOCs are destroyed. The VOCs
are trapped on the surface of a proprietary
catalytic adsorbent. This catalytic adsorbent is
continuously illuminated with ultraviolet light,
destroying the trapped, concentrated VOCs
through enhanced photocatalytic oxidation. This
system design simultaneously destroys VOCs and
continuously regenerates the catalytic adsorbent.
Only oxygen in the air is needed as a reactant.
The treated effluent air contains carbon dioxide
and water, which are carried out in the air stream
exiting the reactor. For chlorinated VOCs, the
chlorine atoms are converted to hydrogen
chloride with some chlorine gas. If needed, these
gases can be removed from the air stream with
conventional scrubbers and adsorbents.
The AIR 2000 process offers advantages over
other photocatalytic technologies because of the
high activity, stability, and selectivity of the
photocatalyst. The photocatalyst, which is not
primarily titanium dioxide, contains a number of
different semiconductors, which allows for rapid
and economical treatment of VOCs hi air.
Previous results indicate that the photocatalyst is
highly resistant to deactivation, even after
thousands of hours of operation in the field.
The particulate-based photocatalyst allows for
more freedom in reactor design and more
economical scale-up than reactors with a catalyst
film coated on a support medium. Packed beds,
radial flow reactors, and monolithic reactors are
all feasible reactor designs. Because the catalytic
adsorbent is continuously regenerated, it does not
require disposal or removal for regeneration, as
traditional carbon adsorption typically does. The
AIR 2000 process produces no residual wastes or
by-products needing further treatment or disposal
as hazardous waste. The treatment system is
self-contained and mobile, requires a small
amount of space, and requires less energy than
thermal incineration o>r catalytic oxidation. In
addition, it has lower total system costs than
Page 74
The SITE Program assesses but does not
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February 1999
Completed Project
these traditional technologies, and can be
constructed of fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP)
due to the low operating temperatures.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The AIR 2000 process is designed to treat a wide
range of VOCs in air, ranging in concentration
from less than 1 to as many as thousands of parts
per million. The process can destroy the
following VOCs: chlorinated hydrocarbons,
aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols,
ethers, ketones, and aldehydes.
The AIR 2000 process can be integrated with
existing technologies, such as thermal desorption,
air stripping, or soil vapor extraction, to treat
additional media, including soils, sludges, and
groundwater.
STATUS:
The AIR 2000 process was accepted into the
SITE Emerging Technology Program in 1995.
Studies under the Emerging Technology
Program are focusing on (1) developing
photocatalysts for a broad range of chlorinated
and nonchlorinated VOCs, and (2) designing
advanced and cost-effective photocatalytic
reactors for remediation and industrial service.
The AIR 2000 Process was initially evaluated
at full-scale operation for treatment of soil
vapor extraction off-gas at Loring Air Force
Base (AFB). Destruction efficiency of
tetrachloroethene exceeded 99.8 percent. The
performance results were presented at the 1996
World Environmental Congress.
The AIR-I process, an earlier version of the
technology, was demonstrated as part of a
groundwater remediation demonstration project
at Dover AFB in Dover, Delaware, treating
effluent air from a groundwater stripper. Test
results showed more than 99 percent removal of
dichloroethane (DCA) from air initially
containing about 1 ppm DCA and saturated with
water vapor.
A 700 SCFM commercial unit is now operating
at a Superfund Site in Rhode Island, destroying
TCE, DCE and vinyl chloride hi the combined
off-gas from a SVE system and a groundwater
stripper. Preliminary results show that the
system is operating at 99.99% destruction
efficiency. The AIR 2000 unit is operating
unattended, with the number of UV lamps being
illuminated changing automatically in response
to changing flow conditions for maximum
performance at minimum cost.
The AIR 2000 Process was accepted into the
SITE Demonstration program hi 1998, with the
objective of demonstrating the performance of
the system at the Superfund site in Rhode Island.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Vince Gallardo
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7176
Fax: 513-569-7620
E-mail: gallardo. vincente@epamail .epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
J.R. Kittrell
KSE, Inc.
P.O. Box 368
Amherst, MA 01004
413-549-5506
Fax: 413-549-5788
e-mail: ksehic@aol.com
TECHNOLOGY LICENSEE CONTACT:
Dr. Bill de Waal
Trojan Technologies, Inc.
3020 Gore Road
London, Ontario N5V-4T7
CANADA
519-457-3400
Fax: 519-457-3030
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 75
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC./
HICKSON CORPORATION
(Chromated Copper Arsenattf Soil Leaching Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Lewis Environmental Services, Inc. (Lewis), has
developed a soil leaching process to remediate
soils contaminated with inorganics and heavy
metals, including chromium, copper, cadmium,
mercury, arsenic, and lead.
The soil leaching process consists of leaching
contaminated soil hi a countercurrent stirred
reactor system (see figure below). A screw
feeder delivers soil into the reactor, where it is
leached with sulfuric acid for 30 to 60 minutes.
The sulfuric acid solubilizes the inorganics and
heavy metals into the leaching solution. Any
organic contaminants are separated and decanted
from the leaching solution, using strong acid
leachate, space separation, and skimming. The
processed soil is then washed with water and air-
dried.
The wash water is then treated with the Lewis'
ENVIRO-CLEAN, which consists of a
granulated activated carbon system followed by
an electrolytic recovery system. The
ENVIRO-CLEAN recovers heavy metals from
the leaching solution and wash water and
produces an effluent that meets EPA discharge
limits for heavy metals;. The treated wash water
can then be reused in the soil washing step. The
leaching solution can be returned directly to the
stirred reactor system, depending on its metals
concentration.
Contaminated soil must be properly sized and
screened to facilitate leaching in the stirred
reactor system. Large pieces of debris such as
rocks, wood, and bricks must be removed before
treatment. Standard screening and classification
equipment, such as that used in municipal waste
treatment plants, is suitable for this purpose.
Soil Contaminated
•with Heavy MeUIs
Leaching
Solution
Metal Loaded Leaching Solution
Chromated Copper Arsenate Soil Leaching Process
Page 76
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approve or endorse technologies.
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Completed Project
The soil leaching process does not generate
appreciable quantities of treatment by-products or
waste streams containing heavy metals. The
treated soil meets toxicity characteristic leaching
procedure (TCLP) criteria and can be either
returned to the site or disposed of at a
nonhazardous landfill. The granular activated
carbon requires disposal after about 20 to 30
treatment cycles and should also meet TCLP
criteria. Heavy metals recovered by the
ENVIRO-CLEAN process can be reused by
industry.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The soil leaching process can treat wastes
generated by the wood preserving and metal
plating industries, battery waste sites, and urban
lead sites.
STATUS:
The soil leaching process was accepted into the
Emerging Technology Program in 1993.
Laboratory-scale tests have shown that the
process successfully treats soil contaminated with
chromated copper arsenate (CCA). The
evaluation of the technology under the SITE
Program was completed in September 1996.
Results from the evaluation was made available
in 1997.
In 1992, Lewis treated a 5-gallon sample of
CCA-contaminated soil from a Hickson
Corporation (Hickson), a major CCA chemical
manufacturer. The treated soil met TCLP
criteria, with chromium and arsenic, the two
main leaching solution constituents, averaging
0.8 and 0.9 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg)
respectively.
Analysis also revealed 3,330 milligrams per liter
(mg/L) of chromium; 13,300 mg/L of copper;
and 22,990 mg/L of iron in the leaching solution.
In addition, analysis indicated 41.4 mg/L of
chromium, 94.8 mg/L of copper, and 3.0 mg/L
of arsenic in the wash water. After treatment,
the wash water contained metals levels below
0.01 mg/L for copper and chromium and 0.3
mg/L for arsenic.
Lewis plans further laboratory-scale testing at its
faculty in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, followed by
bench- or pilot-scale testing at Hickson's facility
in Conley, Georgia.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7571
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Tom Lewis HI
Lewis Environmental Services, Inc.
R.J. Casey Industrial Park
Preble and Columbus Streets
Pittsburgh, PA 15233
412-322-8100
Fax: 412-322-8109.,'.
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 77
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MEDIA & PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
(formerly ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA andALdoA SEPARATION
TECHNOLOGY, INC.)
(Bioscrubber)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This bioscmbber technology digests hazardous
organic emissions generated by soil, water, and
air decontamination processes. The bioscrubber
consists of a filter with an activated carbon
medium that supports microbial growth. This
unique medium, with increased microbial
population and enhanced bioactivity, converts
diluted organics into carbon dioxide, water, and
other nonhazardous compounds. The filter
removes biomass, supplies nutrients, and adds
moisture. A pilot-scale unit with a 4-cubic-foot-
per-minute capacity is being field-tested (see
figure below).
In addition to efficient degradation, the
bioscrubber provides an effective sink to mitigate
feed fluctuations. During an 11-month bench-
scale test, the bioscrubber consistently removed
contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons,
alcohols, ketones, and amines from the waste
feed at levels ranging from less than 5 to 40 parts
per million (ppm).
The bioscrubber provides several advantages
over conventional activated carbon adsorbers.
First, bioregeneration keeps the maximum
adsorption capacity constantly available; thus, the
mass transfer zone remains stationary and
relatively short. The carbon does not require
refrigeration, and the required bed length is
greatly reduced, thereby reducing capital and
operating expenses. Finally, the chro-
matographic effect (premature desorption) com-
mon in an adsorber is eliminated because the
maximum capacity is available constantly. The
bioscrubber's advantages are fully exploited
T
Bioscrubber Pilot-Scale Unit
Page 78
The SITE Program assesses but does not
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February1999
Completed Project
when the off-gas contains weakly
adsorbedcontaminants, such as methylene
chloride, or adsorbates competing with moisture
in the stream. The bioscrubber may replace
activated carbon in some applications.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The bioscrubber technology removes organic
contaminants in ak streams from soil, water, or
air decontamination processes. The technology
is especially suited to treat streams containing
aromatic solvents, such as benzene, toluene, and
xylene, as well as alcohols, ketones,
hydrocarbons, and others. The technology has
several applications to Superfund sites, including
(1) organic emission control for groundwater
decontamination using air strippers, (2) emission
control for biological treatment of ground and
surface water, and (3) emission control for soil
decontamination. These primary treatment
processes have not been designed to prevent
volatile organic compound discharges into the
atmosphere. The bioscrubber is an ideal
posttreatment component for these processes
because it handles trace organic volatiles eco-
nomically and effectively.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1990.
Bench-scale bioscrubbers operated continuously
for more than 11 months to treat an air stream
with trace concentrations of toluene at about
10 to 20 ppm. The bioscrubbers accomplished a
removal efficiency of greater than 95 percent.
The filter had a biodegradation efficiency 40 to
80 times greater than existing filters. The project
was completed in June 1993. Based on results
from the Emerging Technology Program, the
bioscrubber technology was invited to participate
in the SITE Demonstration Program.
Evaluation results have been published in the
report "Bioscrubber for Removing Hazardous
Organic Emissions from Soil, Water and Air
Decontamination Processes" (EPA/540/R-93/521).
This report is available from the National
Technical Information Service. The Emerging
Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-93/507) and the
Emerging Technology Summary
(EPA/540/SR-93/521) are available from EPA.
An article on the technology was also published
in the Journal of Air and Waste Management,
Volume 44, March 1994, pp. 299-303.
The pilot-scale unit has also been tested on
discharge from an air stripping tower at a flow
rate of 2 standard cubic feet per minute. The
discharge contained from less than 10 to 200 ppm
toluene. The unit demonstrated the effectiveness,
efficiency, and reliability of its design.
Additional tests are underway to confirm results
at higher flow rates and with other contaminants.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Paul dePercin
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7797
Fax: 513-569-7105
E-Mail: dePercin.Paul@epamail. epa. gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Paul Liu
Media and Process Technology, Inc.
1155 William Pitt Way
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
412-826-3711
Fax: 412-826-3720
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 79
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, INC.
(VaporSep® Membrane Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.,
VaporSep® system, shown in the figure below,
uses synthetic polymer membranes to remove
organic vapors from contaminated air streams.
The process generates a clean air stream and a
liquid organic stream.
Air laden with organic compounds contacts one
side of a membrane that is 10 to 100 times more
permeable to the organic compound than to air.
The membrane separates the air into two streams:
a permeate stream containing most of the organic
vapor and a clean residual air stream. The
organic vapor is condensed and removed as a
liquid; the purified air stream may be vented or
recycled.
The VaporSep® system maintains a lower vapor
pressure on the permeaite side of the membrane to
drive the permeation process. This pressure
difference can be created by either compressing
the feed stream or using a vacuum pump on the
permeate stream.
The VaporSep® systems built to date range in
capacity from 1 to 700 standard cubic feet per
minute. The systems are significantly smaller
than carbon adsorption systems of similar
capacity and can be configured for a wide range
of feed flow rates and compositions. The process
has been tested on air streams contaminated with
a wide range of organic compounds at
concentrations of 100 to more than 100,000 parts
per million.
VaporSep® Membrane Organic Vapor Recovery System
Page 80
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 1999
Completed Project
The VaporSep® system removes between 90 and
99 percent of the organic vapor, depending on
the class of organic compound and the system
design. The system produces a purified air
stream and a small volume of organic condensate.
The concentration of organics in the purified air
stream is generally low enough for discharge to
the atmosphere.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
VaporSep® systems can treat most air streams
containing flammable or nonflammable
halogenated and nonhalogenated organic
compounds, including chlorinated hydrocarbons,
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), and fuel
hydrocarbons. Typical applications include the
following:
• Reduction of process vent emissions,
such as those regulated by EPA source
performance standards for the synthetic
organic chemical manufacturing industry
• Treatment of air stripper exhaust before
discharge to the atmosphere
• Recovery of CFCs and hydro-
chlorofluorocarbons
• Recovery of valuable organic feedstocks
for recycling to the process
• Recovery of gasoline vapors
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1989; the
project was completed hi 1991. The process,
demonstrated at both the bench and pilot scales,
achieved removal efficiencies of over 99.5
percent for selected organic compounds. The
Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-94/503) is available from EPA.
Almost 40 VaporSep® systems have been
supplied to customers in the United States and
overseas for applications such as the following:
• CFC and halocarbon recovery from
process vents and transfer operations
• CFC recovery from refrigeration systems
• Vinyl chloride monomer recovery from
polyvinyl chloride manufacturing
operations
• CFC-12/ethylene oxide recovery from
sterilizer emissions
• Recovery of monomers, other
hydrocarbons, and nitrogen in polyolefin
degassing processes
A VaporSep® system successfully treated an air
stream from a soil vacuum extraction operation at
a U.S. Department of Energy site.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Paul dePercin
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7797
Fax: 513-569-7105
E-Mail: dePercin.Paul@epamail.epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Marc Jacobs
Doug Gottschlich
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.
1360 Willow Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-1516
415-328-2228
Fax: 415-328-6580
E-mail: mjacobs@mtruic.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 81
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MONTANA COLLEGE OF MINERAL
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The air-sparged hydrocyclone (ASH) was
developed at the University of Utah during the
early 1980s to achieve fast flotation of fine
particles in a centrifugal field. The ASH consists
of two concentric right-vertical tubes with a
conventional cyclone header at the top and a froth
pedestal at the bottom (see figure below). The
inner tube is a porous tube through which air is
sparged. The outer tube serves as an air jacket to
evenly distribute air through the porous inner
tube.
Slurry is fed tangentially through the
conventional cyclone header to develop a swirl
flow of a certain thickness in the radial direction
(the swirl-layer thickness). The swirl is
discharged through an annular opening between
the porous tube wall and the froth pedestal. Air
is sparged through the porous inner tube wall and
is sheared into small bubbles. These bubbles are
then radially transported, together with attached
hydrophobic particles, into a froth phase that
forms on the cyclone axis. The froth phase is
stabilized and constrained by the froth pedestal at
the underflow, moved toward the vortex finder of
the cyclone header, and discharged as an
overflow product. Water-wetted hydrophilic
particles generally remain hi the slurry phase and
are discharged as an underflow product through
the annulus created by the froth pedestal.
During the past decade, large mechanical
flotation cells, such as aeration-stirred tank
reactors, have been designed, installed, and
operated for mineral processing. In addition,
considerable effort has been made to develop
column flotation technology in the United States
and elsewhere; a number of such systems have
been installed in industries. Nevertheless, for
both mechanical and column cells, the specific
flotation capacity is generally limited to 1 to 2
tons per day (tpd) per cubic foot of cell volume.
Overflow
Vortex Finder
Underflow
Overflow I3roth
Soil Layer
Cylinder
Jacket
. Porous
Underflow Froth Cylinder
Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone
Page 82
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February1999
Comuleted Ptoiect
In contrast, the ASH has a specific flotation
capacity of at least 100 tpd per cubic foot of cell
volume.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
Standard flotation techniques used in industrial
mineral processing are effective ways of
concentrating materials. However, metal value
recovery is never complete and the valuable
material escaping the milling process is
frequently concentrated in the very fine particle
fraction.
The ASH can remove fine mineral particles that
are amenable to the froth flotation process.
These particles are generally sulfide minerals,
such as galena (lead sulfide), sphalerite (zinc
sulfide) and chalcopyrite (copper-iron-sulfide).
Finely divided mining wastes containing these
minerals oxidize and release the metallic
elements as dissolved sulfates into the
groundwater. Particularly applicable are tailings
from older operations conducted before the
development of froth flotation. Earlier
operations recovered minerals by gravity
concentration, which did not effectively capture
fine particles and left tailings with relatively large
concentrations of the environmentally hazardous
fine sulfide minerals.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in June 1990.
The most recent pilot plant trials on tailings
generated by gravity concentration have
confirmed both the technology's ability to
recover sulfide minerals and the high throughput
capacity claimed by proponents of the ASH.
However, results on the economics of ash
processing were inconclusive. Studies under the
SITE Program were completed in August 1994.
The pilot plant was dismantled after 4 years of
operation.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ed Bates
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7774
Fax: 513-569-7676
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Theodore Jordan
Montana College of Mineral Science
and Technology
West Park Street
Butte, MT 57901
406-496-4112
406-496-4193
Fax: 406-496-4133
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 83
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MONTANA COLLEGE OF MINERAL
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Campbell Centrifugal Jig)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Campbell Centrifugal Jig (CCJ) is a
mechanical device that uses centrifugal force to
separate fine heavy mineral and metal particles
from waste materials. The CCJ combines jigging
and centrifuging to separate these particles from
a fluid slurry. TransMar, Inc., owns the patents
and rights to the CCJ technology.
Standard jigs separate solids of different specific
gravities by differential settling in a pulsating bed
and gravitational field. Jigs operating in this
mode can recover solids larger than about 150
mesh (105 microns). Centrifuges are effective in
separating solids from liquids but are not
effective in separating solids from solids.
The CCJ, shown in the figure below, combines
the continuous flow and pulsating bed of the
standard jig with the high acceleration forces of
a centrifuge to segregate and concentrate heavy
particles from the waste. The CCJ can recover
particles ranging in size from 1 to about
500 microns, depending on whether the particles
are sufficiently disaggregated from the host
material. The disaggregated particle should have
a specific gravity at least 50 percent greater than
the waste material. The CCJ does not need
chemicals to separate the solids.
Appropriately sized, slurried material is fed into
the CCJ through a hollow shaft inlet at the top of
the machine. The slurried material discharges
from the shaft onto a diffuser plate, which has
Slurry Inlet
Bull Wheel
Pulse Water Inlet
Cone Shroud
Hutch Area
Pulse Water Outlet
Campbell Centrifugal Jig (CCJ)
Page 84
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February1999
Completed Project
vanes that distribute the material radially to the
jig bed. The jig bed's surface is composed of
stainless-steel shot ragging that is slightly coarser
than the screen aperture. The jig bed is pulsated
by pressurized water admitted through a screen
by four rotating pulse blocks. The pulsing water
intermittently fluidizes the bed, causing heavier
particles to move through the ragging and screen
to the concentrate port, while lighter particles
continue across the face of the jig bed to the
tailings port.
The effectiveness of separation depends on how
well the original solids are disaggregated from
the waste material and the specific gravity of
each solid. The slurried feed material may
require grinding to ensure disaggregation of the
heavy metals. Operating parameters include
pulse pressure, rotation speed or g-load, screen
aperture, ragging type and size, weir height, and
feed percent solids.
The CCJ produces heavy mineral or metal
concentrates which, depending on the waste
material, may be further processed for extraction
or sale. A clean tailings stream may be returned
to the environment.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The CCJ can separate and concentrate a wide
variety of materials, ranging from base metals to
fine coal ash and fine (1-micron) gold particles.
Applications include (1) remediation of heavy
metal-contaminated soils, tailings, or harbor
areas containing spilled concentrates; (2) removal
of pyritic sulfur and ash from fine coal; and (3)
treatment of some sandblasting grit.
STATUS:
The CCJ was accepted into the SITE Emerging
Technology Program in May 1992. The CCJ
was evaluated at the Montana College of Mineral
Science and Technology Research Center
(Montana Tech). Montana Tech equipped a pilot
plant to evaluate the Series 12 CCJ, which has a
capacity of 1 to 3 tons per hour. Tests were
completed in August 1994 on base-metal mine
tailings from various locations in western
Montana.
In addition, under the U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) Integrated Demonstration
Program, the CCJ was tested on clean Nevada
test site soil spiked with bismuth as a surrogate
for plutonium oxide. These tests occurred at the
University of Nevada, Reno, during August and
September 1994.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Jack Hubbard
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7507
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Gordon Ziesing
Montana College of Mineral Science
and Technology
West Park Street
Butte, MT 59701
406-496-4112
406-496-4193
Fax: 406-496-4133
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 85
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(GHEA Associates Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The GHEA Associates process applies surfactants
and additives to soil washing and wastewater
treatment to make organic and metal
contaminants soluble. In soil washing, soil is
excavated, washed, and rinsed to produce clean
soil. Wash and rinse liquids are then combined
and treated to separate surfactants and
contaminants from the water. Next,
contaminants are separated from the surfactants
by desorption and are isolated as a concentrate.
Desorption regenerates the surfactants for
repeated use in the process.
The liquid treatment consists of a sequence of
steps involving phase separation, ultrafiltration,
and air flotation (see figure below). The treated
Water meets all National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System groundwater discharge
criteria, allowing it to be (1) discharged without
further treatment, and (2) reused in the process
itself or reused as a source of high quality water
for other users.
In wastewater treatment applications, surfactants
added to the wastewater adsorb contaminants.
The mixture is then treated in the same manner
as described above for (1) water purification,
(2) separation of the contaminants, and
(3) recovery of the surfactants. The treatment
process yields clean soil, clean water, and a
highly concentrated fraction of contaminants. No
other residues, effluents, or emissions are
produced. The figure below illustrates the
GHEA process^
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology can be applied to soil, sludges,
sediments, slurries, groundwater, surface water,
end-of-pipe industrial effluents, and in situ soil
Contaminated
Spfi *"
Surfactant
Extraction
I
Rinse
Liquid
Clean
Soil
Recycle
Recycle
Clean
Water
Contaminant
GHEA Process for Soil Washing
Page 86
The SITE Program assesses but does not
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February1999
Completed Ptoject
flushing. Contaminants that can be treated
include both organics and heavy metals,
nonvolatile and volatile organic compounds, and
highly toxic refractory compounds.
STATUS:
The technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in June 1990.
Treatability tests were conducted on various
matrices, including soils with high clay contents,
industrial oily sludges, industrial wastewater
effluents, and contaminated groundwater (see
table below). In situ soil flushing tests have
shown a 20-fold enhancement of contaminant
removal rates. Tests using a 25-gallon pilot-scale
plant have also been conducted. Costs for
treatment range from $50 to $80 per ton. The
Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-94/509), which details evaluation
results, is available from EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7861
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Itzhak Gotlieb
GHEA Associates
5 Balsam Court
Newark, NJ 07068
201-226-4642
Fax: 201-703-6805
SUMMARY 01= tREATABlUTY TEST RESULTS
MATRIX
/olatile Organic Compounds (VOC): Trichloroethene;
1,2-Dichloroethene; Benzene; Toluene
Soil, parts per million (ppm)
Water, parts per billion (ppb)
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH):
Soil, ppm
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB):
Soil, ppm
Water, ppb
Trinitrotoluene in Water, ppm •
Coal Tar Contaminated Soil (ppm):
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Chrysene
Benzanthracene
Pyrene
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
Fluorene
Diberizofuran
1 -Methylnaphthalene
2-Methylnaphthalene
Heavy Metals In Soil:
Chromium, ppm
Iron (III) in Water, ppm:
UNTREATED
SAMPLE
20.13
109.0
13,600
380.00
6,000.0
180.0
28.8
24.11
48.6
37.6
1 24.2
83.6
207.8
92.7
58.3
88.3
147.3
21,000
30.8
TREATED SAMPLE
0.05
2.5
80
0.57
<0.1
<.08
<0.1
4.4
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
1.3
<0.1
640
0.3
PERCENT
REMOVAL
99.7%
97.8%
99.4%
99.8%
>99.9%
>99.5%
>99.7%
81.2%
>99.8%
>99.7%
>99.9%
>99.8%
>99.9%
>99.9%
>99.8%
98.5%
>99.9%
96.8%
99.0%
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 87
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technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PSI TECHNOLOGIES,
A DIVISION OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC.
(Metals Immobilization and Decontamination of Aggregate Solids)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
PSI Technologies has developed a technology for
metals immobilization and decontamination of
aggregate solids (MelDAS) (see figure below).
The technology involves a modified incineration
process in which high temperatures destroy
organic contaminants in soil and concentrate
metals into fly ash. The bulk of the soil ends up
as bottom ash and is rendered nonleachable. The
fly ash is then treated with a sorbent to
immobilize the metals, as determined by the
toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. The
MelDAS process requires a sorbent fraction of
less than 5 percent by soil weight.
Standard air pollution control devices clean the
effluent gas stream. Hydrogen chloride and
sulfur dioxide, which may be formed from the
oxidation of chlorinated organics and sulfur
compounds in the waste, are cleaned by alkaline
scrubbers. Fly ash is captured by a particulate
removal device, such as an electrostatic
precipitator or baghouse. The only solid residues
exiting the process are treated soils, which no
longer contain organics and will not leach toxic
metals.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The MelDAS process treats organics and heavy
metals hi soils, sediments and sludges. The
process has been effective hi treating arsenic,
cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, and zinc.
The MelDAS process is applicable to wastes
contaminated with a combination of volatile
metals and complex organic mixtures of low
volatility. Possible MelDAS process applications
include battery waste sites and urban sites
(1) PARTICULATE REMOVAL
(2) ACID-GAS SCRUBBER
BURNER
TREATED
SOIL/FLY ASH
DISCHARGE
MelDAS Process
Page 88
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February1999
Completed Project
containing lead paint or leaded gasoline, or
chemical or pesticide manufacturing facilities
contaminated with organometallics.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1991.
Bench-scale testing under the SITE Program was
completed in July 1992. The testing showed that
organic, lead, and arsenic wastes could be
successfully treated with less sorbent (1 to 10
percent of the soil by weight) than previously
anticipated. Pilot-scale testing began in October
1992 and was completed in May 1993. The
Emerging Technology Report has been submitted
to EPA for review.
Initial testing, conducted under the EPA Small
Business Innovative Research program, has
demonstrated the feasibility of treating wastes
containing arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Mark Meckes
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7348
Fax:513-569-7328
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Joseph Morency
PSI Technologies, A Division of
Physical Sciences Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover, MA 01810
508-689-0003
Fax: 508-689-3232
The SITE Program assesses but does not'
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 89
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PULSE SCIENCES, INC.
(X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous Solutions)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
X-ray treatment of organically contaminated
aqueous solutions is based on the in-depth
deposition of ionizing radiation. X-rays collide
with matter, generating a shower of lower energy
secondary electrons within the contaminated
waste material. The secondary electrons ionize
and excite the atomic electrons, break up the
complex contaminant molecules, and form highly
reactive radicals. These radicals react with the
volatile organic compounds (VOC) and
semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) to form
nontoxic by-products such as water, carbon
dioxide, and oxygen.
An efficient, high-power, high-energy, linear
induction accelerator (LIA) plus X-ray converter
generates the X-rays used in the treatment
process. The LIA energy, which must be small
enough to avoid nuclear activation and as large as
possible to increase the bremsstrahlung
conversion efficiency, will most likely be in the
range of 8 to 10 million electron volts (MeV). A
repetitive pulse of electrons 50 to
100 nanoseconds long is directed onto a cooled
converter of a high atomic number metal to
efficiently generate X-rays. The X-rays then
penetrate the container and treat the waste
materials contained within.
Based on coupled electron-photon Monte Carlo
transport code calculations, the effective
penetration depth of X-rays produced by
converting 10-MeV electrons is 32 centimeters in
water (after passing through the side of a
standard 55-gallon drum). Large contaminant
volumes can be easily treated without being
absorbed a significant fraction of the ionizing
radiation in the container walls. Either flowing
waste or contaminated waste in stationary or
rotating containers can be treated. No additives
are required for the process, and in situ treatment
is feasible. The cost of high throughput X-
rayprocessing is estimated to be competitive with
alternative processes that decompose the contaminants.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
I I r
X-ray processing can treat a large number of
organic contaminants in aqueous solutions (such
as groundwater, liquids, leachates, or
wastewater) without expensive waste extraction
or preparation. The technology has successfully
treated 17 organic contaminants (see the table on
the next page). No hazardous by-products are
predicted to form or ha.ve been observed in the
experiments.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in May 1991 and
was evaluated in April 1994. A 1.2-MeV, 800-
ampere, 55-nanosecond LIA gave a dose rate of
5 to 10 rads per second. Twelve different VOCs
and SVOCs found in Superfund sites were
irradiated in 21 aqueous matrices prepared with
a neat solution of the contaminant in
reagent grade water. The amount of X-ray
dose (1 rad = 10"5 Joules per gram) required to
decompose a particular contaminant was a
function of its chemical bond structure and its
reaction rate with the hydroxyl radical. When
carbonate and bicarbonate ions (hydroxyl radical
scavengers) were present in contaminated well
water samples, approximately five times the
X-ray dose was required to decompose
contaminants that react strongly with the
hydroxyl radical. The remediation rate of carbon
tetrachloride, which does not react with hydroxyl
radicals, was not affected.
An X-ray dose of 150 kilorads (krad) reduced the
moderate contamination levels in a well water
sample from a Superfund site at Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to less
than those set by the California Primary Drinking
Water Standards. For a more highly
contaminated LLNL well water sample,
experimental data suggested a 500-krad dose was
needed to reduce the contamination levels to
drinking water standards.
Page 90
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 1999
Completed Protect
In principle, the rate coefficients determined
from the data can be used to estimate the dose
level required to destroy mixtures of multiple
VOC contaminants and hydroxyl radical
scavengers. However, these estimates should be
applied judiciously. Only the experimentally
determined destruction curves, based on the
remediation of test samples of the actual mixture,
can be used with confidence. The table below
summarizes the X-ray treatment results from the
SITE evaluation.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Esperanza Piano Renard
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
2890 Woodbridge Avenue, MS-104
Edison, NJ 08837^3679
908-321-4355
Fax: 908-321-6640
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Yernon Bailey
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
600 McCormick Street
San Leandro, CA 94577
510-632-5100, ext. 227
Fax: 510-632-5300
CONTAMINANT
TCE
PCE
Chloroform
Methylene Chloride
Trans- 1 ,2-Dichloroethene
Cis- 1 ,2-Dichloroethene
1 , 1 , 1-Trichloroethane
Carbon Tetrachloride (CC14)
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Xylene
Benzene/CCl4
Ethylbenzene/CCl4
Ortho-xylene/CCl4
TCE
PCE
1 , 1 -Dichloroethane
1 , 1 -Dichloroethene
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
Cis- 1 ,2-Dichloroethene
TCE
PCE
Chloroform
CC14
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1,1 -Dichloroethane
Freon
MATRIX
Deionized Water
Contaminated
Well Water
LLNL Well Water
Sample #1
LLNL Well Water
Sample #2
JMTJAL
CCWCEOTRAT1GN
(Pi*)*
9,780
10,500
2,000
270
260
13
590
180
240
150
890
240
262/400
1,000/430
221/430
3,400
500
<10
25
13
14
5,000
490
250
14
38
11
71
HNAL
eONCESraA.TJON
(ppb)
<0.1
<0.1
4.4
3.1
0.78
<0.5
54 .
14
<0.5
<0.5
3.6
1.2
< 0.5/196
< 0.5/70.9
< 0.5/85
<0.5
<0.5
1
<1
2.0
<0.5
<1.0
1.6
81
4
17
6.8
32
CPDWS"
tppb)
5
5
5
10
6
200
0.5
1
150
680
1,750
1/0.5
680/0.5
1,750/0.5
5
5
5
6
200
6
5
5
0.5
5
5
-
X-BAYDOSE
(krad)
50.3
69.8
178
145.9
10.6
10.6
207.1
224
8.8
4.83
20.4
5.6
39.9/93.8
33.2/185
20.5/171
99.0
99.0
145.4
49.9
145.4
49.9
291
291
291
291
291
291
291
parts per billion
California Primary Drinking Water Standards
Summary of X-ray Treatment Results
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 91
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
RECRA ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
(formerly ELECTRO-PURE SYSTEMS, INC.)
(Alternating Current Electrocoagulation Technology)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The alternating current electrocoagulation (ACE)
technology otters an alternative to the use of
metal salts or polymers and polyelectrolyte
addition for breaking stable emulsions and
suspensions. The technology removes metals,
colloidal solids and particles, and soluble
inorganic pollutants from aqueous media by
introducing highly charged polymeric aluminum
hydroxide species. These species neutralize the
electrostatic charges on suspended solids and oil
droplets to facilitate agglomeration or coagulation
and resultant separation from the aqueous phase.
The treatment prompts the precipitation of certain
metals and salts.
Tllj. , ' I'
The figure below depicts the basic ACE process.
Electrocoagulation occurs hi either batch mode,
allowing recirculation, or continuous (one-pass)
mode hi an ACE fluidized bed separator.
Electrocoagulation is conducted by passing the
aqueous medium through the treatment cells in
ilpflow mode. The electrocoagulation cell(s)
consist of nonconductive piping equipped with
rectUinearly shaped, nonconsumable metal
electrodes between which is maintained a
tiSrbu"Ient, fluidized bed of aluminum alloy
pellets.
Application of the alternating current electrical
charge to the electrodes prompts the dissolution
of the fluidized bed and the formation of the
polymeric hydroxide species. Charge
neutralization is initiated within the
electrocoagulation cell(s) and continues following
effluent discharge. Application of the electrical
field prompts electrolysis of the water medium
and generates minute quantities of hydrogen gas.
The coagulated solids will often become
entrained hi the gas, causing their flotation.
Attrition scrubbing of the fluidized bed pellets
within the cell inhibits the buildup of scale or
coating on the aluminum pellets and the face of
the electrodes. Coagulation and flocculation
occur simultaneously within the ACE cells as the
effluent is exposed to the electric field and the
aluminum dissolves from the fluidized bed.
!
The working volume of the fluidized bed cell,
excluding external plumbing, is 5 liters. The
ACE systems have few moving parts and can
easily be integrated into a process treatment train
for effluent, pretreatment, or polishing treatment.
The ACE technology has been designed into
water treatment systems which include membrane
separation, reverse osmosis, electrofiltration,
sludge dewatering, and thermo-oxidation
technologies.
System operating conditions depend on the
chemistry of the aqueous medium, particularly
the conductivity and chloride concentration.
Treatment generally requires application of low
voltage (< 135 VAC) and operating currents of
Yen! or
Trailed Gas
ACE
SEPARATOR™
Solid
Control
Feed Rale
- Air for
Turbulonct
Alternating Current Electrocoagulation (ACE)
Page 92
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 1999
Completed Project
less than 20 amperes. The flow rate of the
aqueous medium through the treatment cell(s)
depends on the solution chemistry, the nature of
the entrained suspension or emulsion, and the
treatment objectives.
Product separation occurs in conventional gravity
separation devices or filtering systems. Each
phase is removed for reuse, recycling, additional
treatment, or disposal.
Current systems are designed to treat waste
streams of between 10 and 100 gallons per
minute (gpm). RECRA Environmental, Inc.,
maintains a bench-scale unit (1 to 3 gpm) at its
Amherst Laboratory for use in conducting
treatability testing.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The ACE technology treats aqueous-based
suspensions and emulsions such as contaminated
groundwater, surface water runoff, landfill and
industrial leachate, wash and rinse waters, and
various solutions and effluents. The suspensions
can include solids such as inorganic and organic
pigments, clays, metallic powders, metal ores,
and colloidal materials. Treatable emulsions
include a variety of solid and liquid
contaminants, including petroleum-based by-
products.
The ACE technology has demonstrated
reductions of clay, latex, and various hydroxide
loadings by over 90 percent. Chemical oxygen
demand and total organic carbon content of
spiked slurries have been reduced by over 80
percent. The technology has removed heavy
metals at between 55 and 99 percent efficiency.
Fluoride and phosphate have been removed at
greater than 95 percent efficiency. The system
has been used to recover fine-grained products
which would otherwise have been discharged.
STATUS:
The ACE technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1988.
The laboratory-scale testing was completed in
June 1992. The Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-92/011) and Emerging Technology
Summary (EPA/540/S-93/504) are available from
EPA. The research results are described in the
Journal of Air and Waste Management, Volume
43, May 1993, pp. 784-789, "Alternating
Current Electrocoagulation for Superfund Site
Remediation."
Experiments on metals and complex synthetic
slurries have defined major operating parameters
for broad classes of waste streams. The
technology has been modified to minimize
electrical power consumption and maximize
effluent throughput rates.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7571
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Kenneth Kinecki
RECRA Environmental, Inc.
10 Hazelwood Drive, Suite 110
Amherst, NY 14228-2298
800-527-3272
Fax: 716-691-2617
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 93
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas Treatment)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Remediation Technologies, Inc., biological
treatment technology uses aerobic cometabolic
organisms in fixed-film biological reactors to
treat gases contaminated with volatile chlorinated
hydrocarbons. Contaminated gases enter the
bottom of the 6-foot-tall reactor column and flow
up through a medium that has a high surface area
and favorable porosity for gas distribution. Both
m'ethanotrophic and phenol-degrading organisms
have been evaluated within the reactor. The
figure below illustrates a methanotrophic reactor.
In methanotrophic columns, methane and
nutrients are added to grow the organisms
capable of degrading volatile chlorinated
hydrocarbons.
Gas
Effluenti
The organisms degrade these compounds into
acids and chlorides that can be subsequently
degraded to carbon dioxide and chloride.
Because of intermediates toxicity and competitive
inhibition, methane-volatile organic compound
(VOC) feeding strategies are critical to obtain
optimum VOC degradation over the long term.
Methanotrophic bacteria from various soils were
tested to determine potential VOC compound
degradation. The optimal culture from this
testing was isolated and transferred to a bench-
scale biofilm reactor, where substrate
degradation rates per unit of biofilm surface area
were determined. Four pilot-scale biofilm
reactors were then established, with feeding
strategies and retention times based on earlier
testing.
Nutrients
Column Ht = 6'
Dia = 5"
Toxic
Methane Material
Humidified
Air
A
Ai
A
A
A
1_J*
Sample
Taps
3' media
4" gravel
Methanotrophic Biofilm Reactor
Page 94
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 1999
Completed Project
The following issues are investigated in the
methanotrophic biofilm reactors:
• Comparison of different media types
• Trichloroethene (TCE) removal across
the columns
• TCE degradation rates
In addition to studies of the methanotrophic
biofilm reactors, a column was seeded with a
filamentous phenol-degrading consortia that
grows well on phenol in a nitrogen-limited
solution. Phenol also induces enzymes capable
of rapid cometabolic degradation of TCE.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology can treat gaseous streams of
volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons. These waste
streams may result from air stripping of
contaminated groundwater or industrial process
streams, or from vacuum extraction during in situ
site remediation.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in summer 1992;
the evaluation was completed in 1995. The
Emerging Technology Report, which details
results from the evaluation, is being prepared.
TCE degradation rates in the pilot-scale biofilm
reactor were well below those previously
measured in laboratory testing or those reported
in the literature for pure cultures. The phenol-
fed column was started on a celite medium. TCE
removal was superior to that in the
methanotrophic columns, even with sub-optimal
biomass development.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, -OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Hans Stroo
Remediation Technologies, Inc.
1011 S.W. Klickitat Way, Suite 207
Seattle, WA 98134
206-624-9349
Fax: 206-624-2839
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 95
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & RECOVERY
(formerly BlO-RECOVERY SYSTEMS, INc!.)
(AlgaSORB® Biological Sorption)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The AlgaSORB® sorption process uses algae to
remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.
The process takes advantage of the natural
affinity for heavy metal ions exhibited by algal
cell structures.
The photograph below shows a portable effluent
treatment equipment (PETE) unit, consisting of
two columns operating either hi series or hi
parallel. Each column contains 0.25 cubic foot
of AlgaSORB0, the treatment medium. The
PETE unit shown below can treat waste at a flow
rate of approximately 1 gallon per minute (gpm).
Larger systems have been designed and
manufactured to treat waste at flow rates greater
than 100 gpm.
The AlgaSORB® medium consists of dead algal
cells immobilized in a silica gel polymer. This
immobilization serves two purposes: (1) it
protects the algal cells from decomposition by
other microorganisms, and (2) it produces a hard
material that can be packed into columns that,
when pressurized, still exhibit good flow
characteristips.
The AlgaSORB® medium functions as a
biological ion-exchange resin to bind both
metallic cations (positively charged ions, such as
mercury [Hg+2]) arid metallic oxoanions
(negatively charged, large, complex, oxygen-
containing ions, such as selenate [SeO4"2]).
Anions such as chlorides or sulfates are only
weakly bound or not bound at all. In contrast to
current ion-exchange technology, divalent cations
Portable Effluent Treatment Equipment (PETE) Unit
Page 96
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February1999
Completed Project
typical of hard water, such as calcium (Ca+2> and
magnesium (Mg+2), or monovalent cations, such
as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K ") do not
significantly interfere with the binding of toxic
heavy metal ions to the algae-silica matrix.
Like ion-exchange resins, AlgaSORB® can be
regenerated. After the AlgaSORB® medium is
saturated, the metals are removed from the algae
with acids, bases, or other suitable reagents.
This regeneration process generates a small
volume of solution containing highly
concentrated metals. This solution must undergo
treatment prior to disposal.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology can remove heavy metal ions
from groundwater or surface leachates that are
"hard" or that contain high levels of dissolved
solids. The process can also treat rinse waters
from electroplating, metal finishing, and printed
circuit board manufacturing operations. Metals
removed by the technology include aluminum,
cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, iron,
lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel,
platinum, selenium, silver, uranium, vanadium,
and zinc.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the Emerging
Technology Program in 1988; the evaluation was
completed in 1990. Under the Emerging
Technology Program, the AlgaSORB® sorption
process was tested on mercury-contaminated
groundwater at a hazardous waste site in
Oakland, California. Testing was designed to
determine optimum flow rates, binding
capacities, and the efficiency of stripping agents.
The Emerging Technology Report
(EPA/540/5-90/005a&b), Emerging Technology
Summary (EPA/540/S5-90/005), and Emerging
Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/003) are
available from EPA. An article was also
published in the Journal of Air and Waste
Management, Volume 41, No. 10, October 1991.
Based on results from the Emerging Technology
Program, Resource Management & Recovery
was invited to participate in the SITE
Demonstration Program.
The process is being commercialized for
groundwater treatment and industrial point source
treatment.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Michael Hosea
Resource Management & Recovery
4980 Baylor Canyon Road
LasCruces, NM 88011
505-382-9228
Fax: 505-382-9228
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 97
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT QSWEGO,
Ej>rp^^
(Electrochemical Peroxidation of PCB-Contaminated Sediments and Waters)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The Environmental Research Center at the State
University of New York at Oswego (SUNY) has
developed an electrochemical peroxidation
process widely applicable for the treatment of
liquid wastes and slurries with low solids content.
The process treats mixed waste by using (1)
oxidative free radicals to attack organic
contaminants, and (2) adsorptive removal of
metals from liquid waste streams. Initial testing
indicates destructive efficiencies greater than 99
percent for a variety of compounds including
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), volatile organic
compounds, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene,
xylene, organic dyes, and microbes.
The process involves combining Fenton's reagent
with a small electrical current. In a batch
treatment process, steel electrodes are submersed
into the waste to be treated; solid particles are
suspended by mechanical mixing or stirring. A
low direct current is applied to the electrodes,
and hydrogen peroxide and a reduced form of
iron are added. The iron and hydrogen peroxide
instantaneously react to form free radicals, which
oxidize organic contaminants. Free radicals are
also produced by the reaction of the peroxide
with solvated electrons. The process can be
significantly enhanced by pH adjustment,
periodic current reversal, and use of proprietary
enhancements.
Metals readily adsorb to the iron hydroxide by-
product, and the metals can then be separated by
precipitation or flocculation. The volume of by-
products may be reduced and the metals may be
immobilized by heating and phase conversion to
hematite. In specific applications, select metals
may be plated onto electrodes and recovered.
Contaminated Liquids,
Solids, Slurries (1)
DC Current (2a)
Iron
Hydroxide (9)
Metal
Hydroxides (11)
Mixing
Containment
Vessel (2)
Acid (3)
Co-solvent (4)
Zero Valent Iron (5)
Ferrous Iron (6)
Hydrogen Peroxide (7)
Liquid/Solid
Separation (8)
Solids (10)
Water (12)
Discharge
Pilot-Scale Electrochemical Peroxidation System
Page 98
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Completed Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This process is capable of treating liquids and
slurries containing a variety of contaminants,
including oxidizable organic compounds and
metals. The process may be applied to industrial
process wastes (textiles, pulp and paper, food
industry), landfill leachates, gasoline- or solvent-
contaminated groundwater, pesticide rinsates, or
other liquid wastes.
STATUS:
The technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in November
1993 to evaluate photochemical methods of
destroying PCBs hi water and sediment. The
evaluation was complete in 1995. An Emerging
Technology Report will be available in late 1996.
During research related to the initial SITE
evaluation, which focused on photocatalytic
processes, a new technology (electrochemical
peroxidation) was discovered. Electrochemical
peroxidation has distinct advantages over
photochemical processes, and its development
was pursued. A pilot-scale continuous flow
treatment system has been constructed with a
local remediation firm and will be tested at a
gasoline-contaminated groundwater site in spring
1997. If initial tests are encouraging, in situ
application of the process will be conducted.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Hector Moreno
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7882
Fax: 513-569-7879
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Ronald Scrudato
Jeffrey Chiarenzelli
Environmental Research Center
319 Piez Hall
State University of New York at Oswego
Oswego, NY 13126
315-341-3639
Fax: 315-341-5346
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 99
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
SVEDALA INDUSTRIES, INC.
(PYROKILN THERMAL ENCAPSULATION Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The PYROKILN THERMAL
ENCAPSULATION process is designed to
improve conventional rotary kiln incineration of
hazardous waste. The process introduces
inorganic additives (fluxing agents) with the
waste to promote incipient slagging or thermal
encapsulating reactions near the kiln discharge.
The thermal encapsulation is augmented using
other additives in either the kiln or in the air
pollution control (APC) baghouse to stabilize the
metals in the fly ash. The process is designed to
(1) immobilize the metals remaining in the kiln
ash, (2) produce an easily handled nodular form
of ash, and (3) stabilize metals in the fly ash,
while avoiding the problems normally
experienced with higher temperature "slagging
kiln" operations.
The basis of this process is thermal
encapsulation. Thermal encapsulation traps
metals in a controlled melting process operating
in the temperature range between slagging and
nonslagging modes, producing ash nodules that
are 0.25- to 0.75-inch in diameter.
The figure below illustrates the process. Wastes
containing organic and metallic contaminants are
incinerated in a rotary kiln. Metals (in
particular, those with high melting points) are
trapped in the bottom ash from the kiln through
the use of fluxing agents that promote
agglomeration with controlled nodulizing.
PYROKILN
THERMAL
The
ENCAPSULATION process may reduce
leaching of metals to levels below EPA toxicity
characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) limits
for metals. Metals with low melting and
vaporization temperatures, such as arsenic, lead,
and zinc, are expected to partially volatilize,
partitioning between the bottom ash and the fly
ash. Metals concentrated in the fly ash may be
stabilized, if necessary, by adding reagents to the
kiln and to the APC system to reduce leaching to
Reagent
Addition
and
Feed-Stock
Preprocessing
Decontaminated
1 Materials
PYROKTLN THERMAL ENCAPSULATION Process
Page 100
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1?99
Completed Project
below TCLP limits. This process may also
reduce the total^dust load to the APC system and
the amount of particulate emissions from the
stack.
The use of fluxing reagents is a key element in
this technology. The fluxing agents are
introduced into the kiln in the proper amount and
type to lower the ash's softening temperature.
Proper kiln design is required to allow the kiln
outlet to function as an ash agglomerator. Good
temperature control is required to keep the
agglomerates at the correct particle size, yielding
the desired 0.25- to 0.75-inch nodules. By
producing nodules, rather than a molten slag, the
process is expected to prevent operating
problems such as ash quenching, overheating,
and premature refractory failure. The process
should also 'simplify cooling, handling, and
conveying of the ash.
The controlled nodulizing process should
immobilize metals with high boiling points.
Lead, zinc, and other metals with lower
volatilization temperatures tend to exit the kiln as
fine fumes. Reagents can be injected into the
kiln, the APC devices, or a final solids mixer to
aid in the collection of these metals from the gas
stream.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The technology is intended for soils and sludges
contaminated with organics and metals. As with
other rotary kiln systems, the process is expected
to destroy a broad range of organic species,
including halogenated and nonhalogenated
organics and petroleum products. Svedala
Industries, Inc., claims that metals that may be
encapsulated or stabilized include antimony,
arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
copper, lead, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium,
and zinc.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in March 1990.
A final report has been prepared, and a technical
paper summarizing the project was presented in
1994 at the Air and Waste Management
Association 87th Annual Meeting and Exhibition
in Cincinnati, Ohio. The final report was
published in the July 1995 issue of the Journal of
the Air and Waste Management Association.
A synthetic soil matrix was created for the batch
rotary kiln tests. Feed preparation was a key
element in nodule production. These tests
yielded nodules with appropriate crush strength.
Test results showed a decrease in TCLP metal
leachate levels with increasing crush strength.
An analytical method involving microwave-aided
digestion was used to evaluate samples produced
in a second batch kiln test program. This method
provided excellent, consistent results, indicating
teachability below TCLP limits.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Marta K. Richards
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7692
Fax: 513-569-7676
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Jim Kidd
Svedala Industries, Inc.
20965 Crossroads Circle
Waukesha, WI 53186
414-798-6341
Fax: 414-798-6211
Glenn Heian
Svedala Industries, Inc.
Process Research and Test Center
9180 Fifth Avenue
Oak Creek, WI 53154
414-762-1190
Fax: 414-764-3443
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 101
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
THERMATRIX, INC.
(formerly PURUS, INC.)
(Photolytic Oxidation Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The photolytic oxidation process indirectly
destroys volatile organic compounds (VOC) in
soil and groundwater. The process uses a xenon
pulsed-plasma flash-lamp that emits short
wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light at very high
intensities. The process strips the contaminants
into the vapor phase, and the UV treatment
converts the VOCs into less hazardous
compounds.
Photolysis occurs when contaminants absorb
sufficient UV light energy, transforming
electrons to higher energy states and breaking
molecular bonds (see figure below). Hydroxyl
radicals, however, are not formed. The process
requires the UV light source to emit wavelengths
in the regions absorbed by the contaminant. An
innovative feature of this technology is its ability
to shift the UV spectral output to optimize the
photolysis.
The process uses vacuum extraction or air
stripping to volatilize VOCs from soils or
groundwater, respectively. VOCs then enter the
photolysis reactor, where a xenon flashlamp
generates UV light. The plasma is produced by
pulse discharge of electrical energy across two
electrodes in the lamp. Ninety-nine percent
destruction occurs within seconds, allowing
continuous operation. Because organics are
destroyed in the vapor phase, the process uses
less energy than a system treating dissolved
organics.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The photolytic oxidation process is designed to
destroy VOCs, including dichloroethene (DCE),
tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE),
and vinyl chloride volatilized from soil or
groundwater. Destruction of other VOCs, such
as benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and
1,1,1-trichloroethane, is under investigation.
STATUS:
The photolytic oxidation process was accepted
into the SITE Emerging Technology Program in
March 1991. Field testing of a full-scale
prototype began in October 1991. The test was
conducted at the Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory Superfund site in California. The site
contains soil zones highly contaminated with
TCE.
During the field test, a vacuum extraction system
delivered contaminated air to the unit at air flows
up to 500 cubic feet per minute (cfin). Initial
TCE concentrations in the air were
approximately 250 parts per million by volume.
The contaminant removal goal for the treatment
was 99 percent. Vapor-phase carbon filters were
placed downstream of the unit to satisfy
California Air Quality emission control
CL
xc = c'
Cl/ \
TCE
.Cl
H
UV
CO2+ HCI
UV Photolysis of TCE
Page 1O2
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Completed Project
requirements during the field test. Test results
are discussed below. The Final Report
(EPA/540/R-93/516), the Summary Report
(EPA/540/SR-93/516), and the Technology
Bulletin (EPA/540/F-93/501) have been
published.
The low-wavelength UV emissions allowed direct
photolysis of many VOCs, particularly
chlorinated compounds and freons, that would
not have been possible with commercial mercury
vapor lamps. TCE, PCE, and DCE were quickly
destroyed. To be rapidly photolyzed, some
VOCs require photosensitization or an even
lower-wavelength light source.
TCE results are shown in the table below. TCE
removal yielded undesirable intermediates.
Greater than 85 percent of the TCE chain photo-
oxidation product is dichloroacetyl chloride
(DCAC). Further oxidation of DCAC is about
100 times slower than TCE photolysis and forms
dichlorocarbonyl (DCC) at about 20 percent
yield. At this treatment level, the DCC
concentration may be excessive, requiring
additional treatment.
Further studies should focus on (1) the
effectiveness of dry or wet scrubbers for
removing acidic photo-oxidation products, (2)
development of thermal or other methods for
posttreatment of products such as DCAC, and (3)
the use of shorter-wavelength UV lamps or
catalysts to treat a broader range of VOCs.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Norma Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7665
Fax: 513-569-7787
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Steve McAdams
Thermatrix, Inc.
101 Metro Drive, Suite 248
San.lose, CA 95110
408-453-0490
Fax: 408-453-0492
TGE PHOTOLYSIS FIELD TIEST RESULTS
Freq. No. of
(Hz) Chambers
•-30 4
30 4
30 4
30 2
15 4
15 2
5 4
5 2
1 4
1 2
Flow
(cfm)
103
97
95
106
97
103
95
103
106
103
Res.
Time
(sec)
9.6
10.1
10.4
4.6
10.1
4.8
10.4
4.8
9.3
4.8
TCE
Input
(ppmv)
78.4
108.5
98.3
91.7
106.8
101.3
104.9
101.4
101.7
98.5
TCE
Output
(ppmv)
dl
dl
dl
0.07
dl
dl
dl
dl
0.85
13.23
TCE
Destruction
(%)
^99.99
a99.99
^99.99
99.92
a99.99
;>99.99
k99.99
k99.9
99.16
86.57
DCC
Yield
(ppmv)
nd
21.3
25.6
15,9
22.8
12.6
8.7
9.4
12.5
6.8
DCAC
Yield
(ppmv)
20.2
26.5
34
49.2
nd
65.3
75.7
76.3
83.2
84.9
Chlorine
Balance
(Mole%)
78.8
106.2
114.5
91.1
nd
86.2
90.0
88.8
90.3
93.3
Notes: Hz = Hertz
cfm = cubic feet per minute
sec = seconds
ppmv = parts per million volume
dl = detection limit
nd = not detected
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 103
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
TRINITY ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(PCS- and Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil Detojafication)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This technology uses an aprotic solvent, other
reagents, and heat to dehalogenate
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCS) in solids to inert
biphenyl and chloride salts (see figure below).
First, solid material is sized to allow better
contact between the reagents and PCBs. In a
continuous flow reactor, the soils are heated to
drive off excess water. Reagents are then added
to destroy the PCBs.
The reagent, consisting of a solvent and an
inorganic alkali material, completely strips
chlorine from the PCB molecule. Excess alkali
can be easily neutralized and is reusable hi the
process. Treated soil can be returned to the
excavation once analytical results show that PCBs
have been destroyed.
Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analyses
of processed PCB materials show that the process
produces no toxic or hazardous products.
A chlorine balance confirms that PCBs are
completely dehalogenated. To further confirm
chemical dehalogenation, inorganic and total
organic chloride analyses are also used. The
average total chloride recovery for treated soils
is greater than 90 percent.
The commercial process is expected to be less
costly than incineration but more expensive than
land disposal. Since no stack emissions are
produced, permitting the process for a
remediation would be easier than incineration.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The process can treat many different solid and
sludge-type materials contaminated with PCB
Aroclor mixtures, specific PCB congeners,
pentachlorophenol, and individual chlorinated
dioxin isomers. However, other chlorinated
hydrocarbons such as pesticides, herbicides, and
polychlorinated dibenzofurans could also be
treated by this technology.
PCB
Contaminated
Soil
4
Soil Particle
Sizing
1
Particle
Screening
>
I
Alkali
Reagent
1
Soil Heated
to Remove
Moisture
1
PCBs
From Water
1
PCB Solids
into Process
Aprotic
i
Heat
Maintained
to Promote
Dehalogenation
Reaction
w
^
Solvent Purified
to Remove
Any Soil Fines
T
Solvent
Recovered from
Non-PCB Soil )
Water
T
Acid
Excess Alkali
in Non-PCB Soil
is Neutralized
Acidified Water
* Added to Soil
PCB Soil Detoxification Process
Page 7O4
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Completed Project
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1990.
The current system was developed by researchers
in early 1991, after the original aqueous, caustic-
based system proved ineffective at destroying
PCBs.
The SITE project was completed in 1992.
Trinity is investigating further improvements to
the technology. Due to cost limitations, no
commercialization of the investigated process is
expected. A final report will not be published.
In bench-scale studies, synthetically contaminated
materials have been processed to eliminate
uncertainties in initial PCB concentration. This
chemical process has reduced PCB
concentrations from 2,000 parts per million
(ppm) to less than 2 ppm in about 30 minutes
using moderate power input. Further laboratory
experiments are underway to determine the
reaction mechanism and to enhance PCB
destruction. Through additional experimentation,
Trinity Environmental Technologies, Inc.,
expects to reduce processing time through better
temperature control, more efficient mixing, and
possibly more aggressive reagents.
A modular pilot-scale processor has been planned
that uses several heating zones to preheat and dry
the contaminated soil, followed by PCB
destruction. The pilot process would be capable
of processing 1 ton per hour initially. Additional
modules could be added to increase process
capacity, as needed. Contaminated soils from
actual sites will be used to test the pilot-scale
processor ! instead of the synthetically
contaminated soils used in bench-scale testing.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Paul dePercin
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7797
Fax: 513-569-7105
E-Mail: dePercin.Paul@epamail.epa.gov
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Duane Koszalka
Trinity Environmental Technologies, Inc.
62 East First Street
Mound Valley, KS 67354
316-328-3222
Fax: 316-328-2033
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 105
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON RESEARCH INSTITUTE
(Photothermal Detoxification Unit)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Photolytic reactions (reactions induced by
exposure to ultraviolet [UV] light) can destroy
certain hazardous organic wastes at relatively low
temperatures. However, most photochemical
processes offer relatively limited throughput rates
arid cannot completely mineralize the targeted
wastes. For aqueous waste streams, these
problems have been partially addressed by using
indirect photochemical reactions involving a
highly reactive photolytic initiator such as
hydrogen peroxide or heterogeneous catalysts.
Recently, the University of Dayton Research
Institute (UDRI) developed a photolytic
detoxification process to treat the gas waste
streams. This process is clean and efficient and
offers the speed and general applicability of a
combustion process.
The photothermal detoxification unit (PDU) uses
photothermal reactions conducted at temperatures
higher than those used in conventional
photochemical processes (200 to 500 °C versus
20 °C), but lower than combustion temperatures
(typically greater than 1,000 °C). At these
elevated temperatures, photothermal reactions are
energetic enough to destroy many wastes quickly
and efficiently without producing complex and
potentially hazardous by-products.
The PDU is a relatively simple device,
consisting of an insulated reactor vessel
illuminated with high-intensity UV lamps. As
shown in the figure below, the lamps are
mounted externally for easy maintenance and
inspection. Site remediation technologies that
generate high-temperature gas streams, such as
thermal desorption or in situ steam stripping,
can incorporate the PDU with only slight
equipment modifications. The PDU can be
equipped with a pre--heater for use with soil
vapor extraction (SVE). Furthermore, the
PDU can be equipped with conventional air
pollution control devices for removal of acids
and suspended particulates from the treated
process stream. The PDU shown in the figure
below is also equipped with built-in sampling
Thermally Insulated
Reactor Vessel
Mounting
Flange
External UV Lamp
Assemblies (3)
Gas Inlet
Sampling Ports (4)
Exhaust
Support/Transportation
Pallet
Sampling Ports (4)
Photothermal Detoxification Unit (PDU)
Page 706
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February1999
Completed Project
ports for monitoring and quality assurance and
quality control.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
According to UDRI, the PDU has proven
extremely effective at destroying the vapors of
polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated
dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans,
aromatic and aliphatic ketones, and aromatic and
aliphalic chlorinated solvents, as well as
brominated and nitrous wastes found in soil,
sludges, and aqueous streams. The PDU can be
incorporated with most existing and proposed
remediation processes for clean, efficient, on-site
destruction of the off-gases. More specifically,
high-temperature processes can directly
incorporate the PDU; SVE can use the PDU
fitted with a preheater; and groundwater
remediation processes can use the PDU in
conjunction with air stripping.
STATUS:
The technology was accepted into the Emerging
Technology Program in August 1992, and
development work began in December 1992.
The evaluation was completed in 1994. The
Emerging Technology Report (EPA/540/R-95/526),
the Emerging Technology Bulletin
(EPA/540/F-95/505) and the Emerging
Technology Summary (EPA/540/SR-95/526)
are available from EPA. An article was also
published in the Journal of Air and Waste
Management, Volume 15, No. 2, 1995.
Emerging Technology Program data indicate that
the technology performs as expected for
chlorinated aromatic wastes, such as
dichlorobenzene and tetrachlorodibenzodioxin,
and better than expected for relatively light
chlorinated solvents, such as trichloroethene
(TCE) and tetrachloroethene. Further tests with
selected mixtures, including benzene, toluene,
ethyl-benzene, xylene, TCE, dichlorobenzene,
and water vapor, show that the process is
effective at treating wastes typically found at
many remediation sites. Adequate scaling and
performance data are now available to proceed
with the design and development of prototype
full-scale units for field testing and evaluation.
Through prior programs with the U.S.
Department of Energy, technology effectiveness
has been thoroughly investigated using relatively
long wavelength UV light (concentrated sunlight
with wavelengths greater than 300 nanometers).
Limited data have also been generated at shorter
wavelengths (higher energy) using available
industrial UV illumination systems.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
513-569-7861
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Barry Dellinger or John Graham
Environmental Sciences and
Engineering Group
University of Dayton Research Institute
300 College Park
Dayton, OH 45469-0132
513-229-2846
Fax: 513-229-2503
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies,
Page 107
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
(In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The in situ acid water mitigation process
addresses the acid drainage problem associated
with exposed sulfide-bearing minerals from
sources including mine waste rock and
abandoned metallic mines. Acid drainage forms
under natural conditions when iron disulfides are
exposed to the atmosphere and water,
spontaneously oxidizing them to produce a
complex of highly soluble iron sulfates and salts.
These salts hydrolyze to produce an acid-, iron-,
and sulfate-enriched drainage that adversely affects
the environment.
The in situ mitigation strategy modifies the
hydrology and geochemical conditions of the site
through land surface reconstruction and selective
placement of limestone.
Limestone is used as the alkaline source material
because it has long-term availability, is generally
inexpensive, and is safe to handle. For the
chemical balances to be effective, the site must
receive enough rainfall to produce seeps or
drainages that continuadly contact the limestone.
Rainfall, therefore, helps to remediate the site,
rather than increasing the acid drainage.
During mine construction, lysimeters and
limestone chimneys are installed to collect
surface runoff and funnel it into the waste rock
dump. Acidic material is capped with
impermeable material to divert water from the
Overview of Site Lysimeters
Page 708
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February1999
Completed Project
acid cores. This design causes the net acid load
to be lower than the alkaline load, resulting hi
benign, nonacid drainage.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The technology mitigates acid drainage from
abandoned waste dumps and mines. It can be
applied to any site in a humid area where
limestone is available.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program hi March 1990.
Studies under the Emerging Technology Program
are complete. A peer-reviewed journal article
has been prepared and submitted.
For the SITE evaluation, six large-scale
lysimeters (12 feet wide, 8 feet high, and 16 feet
deep) were constructed and lined with 20-mil
polyvinyl chloride plastic (see photograph on
previous page). The lysimeters drained through
an outlet pipe into 55-gallon collection barrels.
Piezometers hi the lysimeter floor monitored the
hydrology and chemistry of the completed
lysimeter. During June 1991, 50 tons of
acid-producing mine waste rock was packed into
each lysimeter.
The effluent from each lysimeter was monitored
for 1 year to establish a quality baseline. In the
second phase of the study, selected lysimeters
were topically treated, maintaining two
lysimeters as controls to compare the efficacy of
the acid abatement strategy. In addition, a rain
gauge was installed at the site for mass balance
measurements. An ancillary study correlating
laboratory and field results is complete.
In the last phase of the 3-year study, little if any
leachate was collected due to drought conditions
in the southeast U.S. With the return of normal
rainfall, sufficient leachate was collected to
compare the treated lysimeters against the
controls to evaluate the treatment's effectiveness.
The treated lysimeters, hi general, showed a
20 to 25 percent reduction hi acid formation.
The acidities measured about 10,000 milligrams
per liter (mg/L) for the untreated lysimeters,
while acidities from the treated lysimeters
measured about 7,000 mg/L. This study was
conducted on a very high acid-producing waste
rock, representing a near worst-case situation.
The process should be more successful on milder
acid sources.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Roger Wilmoth
U.S. EPA :
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-75.09
Fax: 513-569-7787
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Frank Caruccio
Department of Geological Sciences
University of South Carolina
Columbia, SC 29208
803-777-4512
Fax: 803-777-6610
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 109
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTOg
(Adsorptive Filtration)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Absorptive filtration removes inorganic
contaminants (metals) from aqueous waste
streams. An adsorbent ferrihydrite is applied to
t|ip surface of an inert substrate such as sand,
Which is then placed in one of three vertical
columns (see figure below). The contaminated
\jfaste stream Js adjusted to a pH of 9 to 10 and
passed through the column. The iron-coated sand
grains in the column act simultaneously as a filter
arid adsorbent. When the column's filtration
capacity is reached (indicated by particulate
breakthrough or column blockage), the column is
backwashed. When the adsorptive capacity of
the column is reached (indicated by break-
through of soluble metals), the metals are
removed and concentrated for subsequent
recovery with a pH-induced desorption process.
Sand can be coated by ferrihydrite formed when
either iron nitrate or Iron chloride salts react with
sodium hydroxide. The resulting ferrihydrite-
coated sand is insoluble at a pH greater than 1;
thus, acidic solutions can be used in the
regeneration step to ensure complete metal
recovery. The system does not appear to lose
treatment efficiency after numerous regeneration
cycles. Anionic metals such as arsenate,
chromate, and selenite can be removed from the
solution by treating it at a pH near 4 and regen-
erating it at a high pH. The system has an empty
bed retention time of 2 to 5 minutes.
This technology offers several advantages over
conventional treatment technologies. These
advantages are its ability to (1) remove both
dissolved and suspended metals from the waste
stream, (2) remove a variety of metal complexes,
(3) work in the presence of high concentrations
of background ions, and (4) remove anionic
metals.
This adsorptive filtration process removes
inorganic contaminants, consisting mainly of
metals, from aqueous waste streams. It can be
applied to aqueous waste streams with a wide
range of contaminant concentrations and pH
values.
Influent
Effluent to Discharge
k ofRccyde
VALVE
f) PUMP
To Metal Recovery
Adsorptive Filtration Treatment System
Page 110
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Comoleted Protect
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in January 1988;
the evaluation was completed in 1992. The
Emerging Technology Report
(EPA/540/R-93/515), Emerging Technology
Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/515), and Emerging
Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/008) are
available from EPA.
During the SITE evaluation, synthetic solutions
containing cadmium, copper, or lead at
concentrations of 0.5 part per million (ppm) were
treated in packed columns using 2-minute
retention times. After approximately 5,000 bed
volumes were treated, effluent concentrations
were about 0.025 ppm for each metal, or a 95
percent removal efficiency. The tests were
stopped, although the metals were still being
removed. In other experiments, the media were
used to adsorb copper from wastewater
containing about 7,000 milligrams per liter
(mg/L) copper.
The first batch of regenerant solutions contained
cadmium and lead at concentrations of about
500 ppm. With initial concentrations of 0.5 ppm,
this represents a concentration factor of about
1,000 to 1. Data for the copper removal test
have not been analyzed. At a flow rate yielding
a 2-minute retention time, the test would have
taken about 7 days of continuous flow operation
to treat 5,000 bed volumes. Regeneration took
about 2 hours.
The system has also been tested for treatment of
rinse waters from a copper-etching process at a
printed circuit board shop. The coated sand was
effective in removing mixtures of soluble,
complexed, and particulate copper, as well as
zinc and lead, from these waters. When two
columns were used in series, the treatment
system was able to handle fluctuations in influent
copper concentration from less than 10 mg/L up
to several hundred mg/L.
Groundwater from Western Processing, a
Superfund site near Seattle, Washington, was
treated to remove both soluble and particulate
zinc.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Norma Lewis
U.S. EPA ' •
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7665
Fax: 513-569-7787
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Mark Benjamin
University of Washington
Department of Civil Engineering
P.O. Box 352700
Seattle, WA 98195-2700
206-543-7645
Fax: 206-685-9185
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 111
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UV TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(formerly ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, INC.)
(PhotoCAT™ Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
,.l l,l'< >' <4:,i
The PhotoCAT™ process photochemically
oxidizes organic compounds in wastewater using
hydrogen peroxide, a chemical oxidant,
ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and a photocatalyst.
The photochemical reaction has the potential to
reduce high concentrations (200,000 or more
parts per million [ppm]) of organics in water to
nondetectable levels. The energy from UV
radiation is predominantly absorbed by the
organic compound and the oxidant, making both
Species reactive. The process can be used as a
final treatment step to reduce organic
contamination in industrial wastewater and
groundwater to acceptable discharge limits.
The existing bench-scale system treats solutions
containing up to several thousand ppm of total
organic carbon at a rate of 3 gallons per minute.
The bench-scale system consists of a
photochemical reactor, where oxidation occurs,
and associated tanks, pumps, and controls. The
UV lamps are high-intensity lamps that penetrate
the wastewater more effectively. The portable,
skid-mounted system's design depends on the
chemical composition of the wastewater or
groundwater being treated.
Typically, the contaminated wastewater is
pumped through a filter unit to remove suspended
particles^ Next, the filtrate is mixed with
stoichiometric quantities of hydrogen peroxide.
Finally, this mixture is fed to the photochemical
reactor and irradiated. The overall reaction is as
follows:
[2a + 0.5(6 - 1)JH2O2 »
aCO2 + [2a + (b - 1)]H2O
HX
where CaHt,X represents a halogenated
contaminant in the aqueous phase. Reaction
products are carbon dioxide, water, and the
appropriate halogen acid. Reaction kinetics
depend on (1) contaminant concentration,
(2) peroxide concentration, (3) irradiation dose,
and (4) radiation spectral frequency.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The PhotoCAT™ process treats industrial
wastewater and groundwater containing organics
at concentrations up to several thousand ppm.
Destruction efficiencies greater than two orders
of magnitude have been obtained for
chlorobenzene, chlorophenol, and phenol, with
low to moderate dose rates and initial
concentrations of 200 ppm. Destruction
efficiencies of three orders of magnitude have
been demonstrated on simulated industrial waste
streams representative of textile dyeing
operations, with higher dose rates and an initial.
concentration of 200 ppm.
STATUS:
Studies of the PhotoCAT™ process under the
SITE Emerging Technology Program are
complete, and the technology has been invited to
participate in the SITE Demonstration Program.
The Emerging Technology Report
(EPA/540/SR-92/080), Emerging Technology
Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/004), and Emerging
Technology Summary (EPA/540/SR-92/080) are
available from EPA.
Work involving the on-line production of
oxidants and the effectiveness of the
photocatalytic substrate is underway under
funding from EPA Small Business Industry
Research Phase II and Phase I awards.
Page 172
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 1999
Comoleted Protect
Representative results from recent trials using the
PhotoCAT™ process are summarized in the table
below. Results are shown as the electric energy
dose per gram-mole of initial contaminant to
cause one decade of contaminant destruction.
Contaminant*
Dose (kW-hr/
gmole/decade)"
Chlorobenzene 7
Trichloroethene 5
Trichloroethane [500] 1
Tetrachlproethene 6
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 33
1,1,1-Trichloroethene [1,000] 7
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, & xylene 5
Reactive Black Dye 5 26
Direct Yellow Dye 106 103
Direct Red Dye 83 31
Reactive Blue Dye 19 50
1-Chloronaphthalene [15] 27
Ethylene. diamine, & triacetic acid 17
Methanol 3
Textile waste (sulfur & indigo dyes) [7401 11
Textile waste (fiber reactive dyes) [270] 7
Chemical waste (formaldehyde & tniourea) [8,200] 1
All are 100 parts per million,
,. except as noted
kilowatt-hour per gram-mole per decade
A cost-competitive PhotoCAT™ system can be
designed and built to treat industrial wastewater
with contaminant levels of 10 to 10,000 ppm.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
James Porter or John Roll
UV Technologies, Inc.
P.O. Box 410185 or 410186
East Cambridge, MA 02141-0002
617-666-5500
Fax: 617-666-5802
The technology has been improved since the EPA
reports were published. These improvements
include (1) using the UV lamp as the energy
source; (2) improving the photochemical reactor
design; (3) improving the lamp design, including
lamp intensity and spectral characteristics; and
(4) fixing the catalyst.
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 113
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
WESTERN PRODUCT RECOVERY GROUP, INC.
(Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and Adsorption Process)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The coordinate, chemical bonding, and
adsorption (CCBA) process converts heavy
nietals in soils, sediments, and sludges to
npnleaching silicates. The process can also
oxidize organics in the waste stream and
incorporate the ash into the ceramic pellet matrix
(gee figure below). The solid residual
consistency varies from a soil and sand density
and size distribution to a controlled size
distribution ceramic aggregate form. The residue
caii be placed back in its original location or used
as a substitute for conventional aggregate. The
process uses clays with specific cation exchange
capacity as sites for physical and chemical
bonding of heavy metals to the clay.
The process is designed for continuous flow.
The input sludge and soil stream are carefully
ratioed with specific clays and then mixed hi a
high-intensity mechanical mixer. The mixture is
then densified and formed into green or unfired
pellets of a desired size. The green pellets are
then direct-fired in a rotary kiln for
approximately 30 minutes. The pellet
temperature slowly rises to 2,000°F, converting
the fired pellet to the ceramic state. Organics on
the pellet's surface are oxidized, and organics
inside the pellet are pyrolyzed as the temperature
rises. As the pellets reach 2,000°F, the available
silica sites in the clay chemically react with the
heavy metals in the soil and sludge to form the
final metal silicate product.
The process residue is an inert ceramic product,
free of organics, with metal silicates providing a
molecular bonding structure that precludes
leaching. The kiln off-gas is processed in an
afterburner and wet scrub system before it is
released into the atmosphere. Excess scrub solution
is recycled to the front-end mixing process.
To Stack
Clay
Soils/
Sludges/
Sediments
Residual
Product
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and Adsorption (CCBA) Process
Page 114
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The CCBA process has been demonstrated
commercially on metal hydroxide sludges at a
throughput of 70 wet tons per month, based on
an 8-hour day, for a 25 percent solid feed. This
process can treat wastewater sludges, sediments,
and soils contaminated with most mixed organic
and heavy metal wastes.
STATUS:
The CCBA process was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in January 1991.
Under this program, the CCBA technology has
been modified to include soils contaminated with
both heavy metals and most organics. The SITE
studies were completed at a pilot facility with a
capacity of 10 pounds per hour. Proof tests
using contaminated soil have been completed.
The Emerging Technology Report, Emerging
Technology Summary, and Emerging
Technology Bulletin will be available from EPA
in early 1997.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Vince Gallardo
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7176
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS'
Donald Kelly
Western Product Recovery Group, Inc.
P.O. Box 79728
Houston, TX 77279
713-533-9321
Fax: 713-533-9434
Bert Elkins
Western Product Recovery Group, Inc.
10626 Cerveza Drive
Escondido, CA 92026
619-749-8856
Fax: 619-749-8856
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 115
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ROY F. WESTON, INC.
(Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Ambersorb® 563 adsorbent is a regenerable
adsorbent that treats groundwater contaminated
with hazardous organics (see figure below).
Ambersorb 563 adsorbent has 5 to 10 times the
capacity of granular activated carbon (GAC) for
low concentrations of volatile organic compounds
(VOC).
Current GAC adsorption techniques require
either disposal or thermal regeneration of the
spent carbon. In these cases, the GAC must be
removed from the site and shipped as a
hazardous material to the disposal or regeneration
facility.
STEAM SUPPLY
REGENERATION
CYCLE)
Ambersorb 563 adsorbent has unique properties
that provide the following benefits:
• Ambersorb 563 adsorbent can be
regenerated on site using steam, thus
eliminating the liability and cost of off-
site regeneration or disposal associated
with GAC treatment. Condensed
contaminants are: recovered through
phase separation.
• Because Ambersoirb 563 adsorbent has a
much higher capacity than GAC for
volatile organics (at low concentrations),
the process can operate for significantly
longer service cycle times before
regeneration is required.
TREATED WATER
AMBERSORB
ADSORBENT
COLUMS
SATURATED
AQUEOUS
PHASE
CONCENTRATED
ORGANIC PHASE
CONTAMINATED
GRqUNDWATER
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
Page 116
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
• Ambersorb 563 adsorbent can operate at
higher flow rate loadings than GAC,
which translates into a smaller, more
compact system.
• Ambersorb 563 adsorbents are hard,
nondusting, spherical beads with
excellent physical integrity, eliminating
handling problems and attrition losses
typically associated with GAC.
• Ambersorb 563 adsorbent is not prone to
bacterial fouling.
• Ambersorb 563 adsorbent has extremely
low ash levels.
In addition, the Ambersorb 563 carbonaceous
adsorbent-based remediation process can
eliminate the need to dispose of by-products.
Organics can be recovered in a form potentially
suitable for immediate reuse. For example,
removed organics could be burned for energy in
a power plant.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
Ambersorb 563 adsorbent is applicable to any
water stream containing contaminants that can be
treated with GAC, such as 1,2-dichloroethane,
1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethene, vinyl
chloride, xylene, toluene, and other VOCs.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1993. The
Emerging Technology Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/500),
the Emerging Technology Summary
(EPA/540/SR-95/516), and the Emerging
Technology Report (EPA/540/R-95/516) are
available from EPA.
The Ambersorb 563 technology evaluation was
conducted at the former Pease Air Force Base in
Newington, New Hampshire. The groundwater
contained vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethene, and
trichloroethene. The field study was conducted
over a 12-week period. The tests included four
service cycles and three steam regenerations.
The effluent from the Ambersorb adsorbent
system consistently met drinking water standards.
On-site steam regeneration demonstrated that the
adsorption capacity of the Ambersorb system
remained essentially unchanged following
regeneration.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Turner
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7775
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
John Thoroughgood
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
1 Weston Way
West Chester, PA 19380-1499
610-701-3728
Fax: 610-701-5129
Deborah Plantz
Rohm and Haas Company
5000 Richmond Street
Philadelphia, PA 19137
215-537-4061
Fax: 215-537-4157
E-mail: MAHZDP@ROHMHAAS.COM
Note: Ambersorb® is a registered trademark of
Rohm and Haas Company.
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 117
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03
TABLE 2
Ongoing SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of October 1998
Developer
Electrokinetics, Inc.,
Baton Rouge, LA
Energia.Inc.
Princeton, NJ
Geo-Microbial Technologies, Inc.
Ochelata, OK
IT Corporation,
Cmctttftstt, OH
Phytokinetics, Inc.,
North Logan, UT
Pin tail Systems, Inc.,
Aurora, CO
Pulse Sciences, Inc.,
San Leandro, CA
Technology
n Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Seductive Thermal and
'Jioto-iThermal Oxidation
Petals Release and
Removal from Wastes
Oxygen MicroJjttbbJe J»
SltttBiot<^edM0tt
'hytoremediation of
Contaminated Soils
Siomineralization of
Metals
X-Ray Treatment of
Organically Contaminatec
Soils
.
Technology Contact
ElifAcar
504-753-8004
Dr.MosheLavid
609.79^7970
Donald Hitzman
918-535-2281
Douglas Jerger
423-6904211 exU2S03
AriFerro
801-750-0985
^eslie Thompson
3&3»367H8443
Vernon Bailey
510-632-5100
EPA Prelect
Manager
landy Parker
513-569-7271
(Qchelle Simon
513^569-7469
ack Hubbard
513-569-7507
Ronald Lewis
513-569-7856
Steven Rock
513-569-7149
Donald Levrfs
5J3-569-7856
George Moore
513-569-7991
Applicable
Waste Media
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Waste Streams
Soil, Sludge,
Sediment
Groundw«fet
Soil
Soil,,. Sludge,
Sediment, Acid
Vline Drainage
Soii
Applicable Waste
Inorganic
feavy Metals
?ot Applicable
Metals
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Heavy MetaJs
Not Applicable
Organic
Nonspecific Organics
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Not Applicable
Petroleum Hydrocarbons*
VOaSYQCs
PCP, PAHs, Chlorinated
Solvents, Insecticides,
Nitroaromatic Explosives
Not Applicable
VOCs,SVOCs,PCB3
-------
*
TABLE 2 (Continued)
Ongoing SITE Emerging Technology Program Projects as of October 1998
Developer
Thermo Nutech, Inc. (formerly
TMAEberline/
ThermoAnalytical)
Albuquerque, MM
University of Houston,
Houston, XX
University of Wisconsin-
Madison,
Madison, WI
Technology
Segmented Gate System
for Soil with
Radionuclides
Concentrated Chloride
Extraction and Recovery
ofksatf
Photoelectrocatalytic
Degradation and Removal
Technology Contact
Jeff Brown
423-481-0683
Dennis Clifford
713-743-4266
Marc Anderson
608-262-2674
Charles Hill, Jr.
608-263-4593
EPA Project
Manager
Joan Mattox
513-569-7624
Terry Lyons
513-569-7589
Vince Gallardo
513-569-7176
Applicable
Waste Media
Soil, Sand, Dry
Sludge
Soil
Groundwater,
Aqueous Waste
Streams
Applicable Waste |
Inorganic
Gamma Ray-emitting
Radionuclides
«ead
ieavy Metals
Organic
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Mssolved Organics
<0
-------
Technolosv Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ELECTROKINETICS, INC.
(In Situ Bioremediation by Electrokinetic Injection)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
In situ bioremediation is the process of
introducing nutrients into biologically active
zones (BAZ). The nutrients are usually
introduced by pumping recirculated groundwater
through the BAZ, relying on hydraulic gradients
or the permeability of the BAZ. However,
heterogeneous aquifers often hinder the
introduction of the nutrients. For example, areas
with higher permeability result in preferential
flow paths, leading to incomplete biological
treatment in other areas. The inability to
uniformly introduce nutrients and other additives,
such as surfactants and cometabolites, is
recognized as a hindrance to successful
implementation of in situ bioremediation.
Electrokinetics, Inc. (Electrokinetics), has
developed an electrokinetic remediation
technology that stimulates and sustains in situ
bioremediation for the treatment of organics.
The technology involves applying to soil or
groundwater a low-level direct current (DC)
electrical potential difference or an electrical
current using electrodes placed hi an open or
closed flow arrangement. Groundwater or an
externally supplied processing fluid is used as the
conductive medium. The low-level DC causes
physical, chemical and hydrological changes in
both the waste and the conductive medium,
thereby enabling uniform transport of process
additives and nutrients into the BAZ. The
process is illustrated in the diagram below.
Electrokinetic soil processing technologies were
designed to overcome problems associated with
heterogeneous aquifers, especially those
problems that result in incomplete biological
treatment. For example, the rate of nutrient and
additive transport under electrical gradients is at
least one order of magnitude greater than that
achieved under hydraulic gradients.
Process Control System
AQUITARD
L«^_^«>^—^««~«^—^
Schematic Diagram of In Situ Bioremediation by Electrokinetic Injection
Page 120
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February 1999
Ongoing Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
In situ electrokinetic injection can be used for
any waste that can be treated by conventional
bioremediation techniques. The Electrokinetics,
Inc. system facilitates in situ treatment of
contaminated subsurface deposits, sediments, and
sludges. The technology can also be engineered
to remove inorganic compounds through
electromigration and electroosmosis, while
process additives and nutrients are added to the
processing fluids to enhance bioremediation of
organic compounds.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1995. Pilot-
scale studies under the Emerging Technology
Program will be used to develop operating
parameters and to demonstrate the efficiency and
cost-effectiveness of the technology during a full-
scale application. The SITE evaluation may take
place in 1999 at a military base or a U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) site.
In a Phase-I study conducted for DOE,
Electrokinetics, Inc., demonstrated that nutrient
and process additives could be transported in and
across heterogeneous areas in aquifers at rates
that could sustain in-situ bioremdiation. During
the study, ion migration rates, which were on the
order of 8 to 20 centimeters per day, exceeded
the electroosmotic rate, even in a kaolinite clay.
The ion migration also produced a reasonably
uniform distribution of inorganic nitrogen, sulfur,
and phosphorous additives across the soil mass
boundaries. These results are significant and
demonstrate that electrokinetic injection
techniques may potentially be used for the
injection of diverse nutrients in low permeability
soils as well as heterogeneous media.
Electrokinetics, Inc., recently completed bench-
and pilot-scale tests, which determined the
feasibility of enhancing the bioremediation of
trichloroethylene and toluene by electrokinetic
injection. The process of in situ bioremediation
by electrokinetic injection was inspired by
extensive research work conducted by
Electrokinetics, Inc., using the electrochemical
process to remediate soils contaminated with
heavy metals and radionuclides. In 1994,
Electrokinetics, Inc., was commissioned by the
U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to
demonstrate its technology in a lead-contaminated
creek bed at an inactive firing range in Fort Polk,
Louisiana. The study was supported under the
U.S. EPA SITE Demonstration Program. This
pilot-scale field demonstration represents the first
comprehensive scientific study worldwide for the
application of electrokinetic separation
technology applied to the remediation of heavy
metals in soils. Electrokinetics, Inc.,
successfully removed up to 98 percent of the lead
from the firing range soil and received the 1996
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
Phase II Quality Award from DoD for technical
achievement.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Randy Parker
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7271
Fax: 513-569-7571
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Elif Acar
President
Electrokinetics, Inc.
11552 Cedar Park Avenue
Baton Rouge, LA 70809
504-753-8004
Fax: 504-753-0028
E-mail: ekinc@pipeline.com
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 727
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
r ;
ENERGIA, INC.
(Reductive Thermal and Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes
for Enhanced Conversion of Chlorocarbons)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
i ... n ;|ii ,iii .is;: ' . ,i! : i
Two innovative processes, Reductive Thermal
Oxidation (RTO) and Reductive Photo-Thermal
Oxidation (RPTO), are designed to safely and
cost-effectively convert chlorinated hydrocarbons
(C1HC) into environmentally benign and useful
materials in the presence of a reducing
atmosphere. Bom processes have evolved from
Energia, Inc.'s, Reductive Photo-Dechlorination
(RPD) technology, which does not permit the
presence of air (oxygen).
The RTO/RPTO processes treat air streams laden
with ClHCs. RTTO converts ClHCs at moderate
temperatures by cleaving carbon-chlorine bonds
in the absence of ultraviolet light. RPTO operates
under similar conditions but in the presence of
ultraviolet light. Subsequent reactions between
ensuing radicals and the reducing gas result in
chain-propagation reactions. The presence of air
(oxygen) during the conversion process
accelerates the overall reaction rate without
significant oxidation. The final products are
useful hydrocarbons (HC) and environmentally
safe materials, including hydrogen chloride,
carbon dioxide, and water.
The RTO/RPTO processes are shown in the
figure below. The process consists of six main
units: (1) input/mixer (2) photo-thermal chamber
(3) scrubber (4) separator (5) product storage/sale
and (6) conventional catalytic oxidation unit. Air
laden with ClHCs is mixed with reducing gas and
passed into a photo-thermal chamber, which is
unique to the RTO/RPTO technology. In this
chamber, the mixture is heated to moderate
temperatures to sustain the radical chain
reactions. Depending on the physical and
chemical characteristics of the particular ClHCs
being treated, conversion can take place in two
ways: the RTO process is purely thermal, and
the RPTO process is photo-thermal. After
suitable residence time, HC1 is removed by
passing the stream through an aqueous scrubber.
The stream can then be treated hi an optional
second stage, or it can be separated and sent to
storage.
Excess reducing gas is recycled, and residual
ClHCs, HCs, and CO2 are either exhausted, or if
needed, treated by catalytic oxidation. Volatile
hydrocarbons can also be recycled as an energy
source for process heating, if partial oxidation at
the photo-thermal chamber does not generate
enough heat.
Reducing Gas
Reductive Thermal Oxidation (RTO)
and Photo-Thermal Oxidation (RPTO) Process
Page 122
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
Febtuatvl999
Ongoing Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The RTO/RPTO processes are specifically
applicable to treatment of air streams laden with
volatile ClHCs, such as dichloromethane
(DCM), methyl chloride, dichloroethane (DCA),
trichloroethane (TCA), trichloroethylene (TCE),
dichloroethylene (DCE), and chloroform.
These processes provide cost-effective, on-site
conversion/dechlorination of ClHCs into
environmentally acceptable products. They may
be operated as a stand-alone or as an add-on to a
remediation train. Potential commercial
applications include the following:
• Direct treatment of air streams contaminated
with hazardous waste ClHCs discharged from
soil vapor extraction (SVE) operations
• Direct treatment of air streams containing
volatile organic compounds (VOC) vented from
industrial hoods and stacks
• On-site treatment of ClHCs and VOCs
released by thermal desorption from
contaminated soils
• On-site treatment of groundwater and surface
water contaminated with VOCs and ClHCs in
conjunction with air-stripping/air-sparging
operations
• Regeneration of activated carbon canisters
loaded with ClHCs
ENERGIA's innovative gas-phase photo-
processes are applicable to: air, water, and soil.
They can be used alone or in conjunction with
other prospective technologies such as, SVE,
thermal desorption, air sparging, and air
stripping. In essence, they provide the final stage
for environmentally safe destruction of ClHCs or
VOCs present in various discharge streams.
These compounds are often released to the
atmosphere without any treatment.
Laboratory-scale tests were completed on
representative ClHCs: two saturated
contaminants (DCA and TCA) and two
unsaturated compounds (DCA and TCE).
Further tests of TCE, DCE, and TCA were
conducted on a prototype system. Percent
conversion, percent dechlorination, and
concentration of parent contaminants and
products were determined as a function of
reaction time for various compositions at several
temperatures. Both processes have exhibited
greater than 99 percent conversion/dechlorination
with high selectivity towards salable hydrocarbon
products (methane and ethane). The RPTO
process has always outperformed the RTP one;
however, its advantage seemed to diminish with
increasing temperature.
A cost analysis based on experimental data was
also performed. TCE was used as a
representative contaminant. An extremely
competitive cost was obtained. For example, the
cost of treatment of 1,000 cubic feet of air
contaminated with 10 and 1,000 parts per million
of TCE is $0.13 and $0.33, respectively.
A pilot-scale field demonstration is expected to
take place in 1999. After completion of the field
demonstration, these processes will be available
for commercialization.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Michelle Simon
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7469
Fax: 513-569-7676
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Moshe Lavid
ENERGIA, Inc.
P.O. Box 470
Princeton, NJ 08542-470
609-799-7970
Fax: 609-799-0312
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-Page 123
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
GEO-MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Metals Release and Removal from Wastes)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Geo-Microbial Technologies, Inc., has developed
an anaerobic biotreatment technology to release
metals from liquefaction catalyst wastes. Such
wastes are derived from spent coal and are also
contaminated with complex organic compounds.
The anaerobic metals release (AMR) technology
may be adapted to treat other wastes
contaminated with metals.
Current biohydrometallurgy systems use aerobic
acidophilic bacteria, which oxidize mineral
sulfides while making metals soluble and forming
large amounts of acid. This aerobic process can
result in acidic drainage from natural sources of
metal sulfides. For example, acidophilic bacteria
convert the pyrite and iron-containing minerals in
coal into oxidized iron and sulfuric acid. The acid
then makes the pyrite and other sulfide minerals
niore soluble resulting in stream and lake
contamination due to acidification and an
increase in soluble heavy metals.
The AMR technology operates anaerobically and
at a near-neutral pH, employing anaerobic
Thiobacittus cultures in conjunction with
heterotrophic denitrifying bacterial cultures. The
diverse culture of denitrifying bacteria consumes
and treats multiple carbon sources, including
some organic pollutants.
The anaerobic environment can be adjusted by
introducing low levels of nitrate salts that function
as an electron acceptor in me absence of oxygen.
The nitrate salfs provide an alternate electron
acceptor and selectively enhance the
remineralization process of the inherent
denitrifying microflora.
This process increases the population of the
denitrifying bacterial population that releases the
metals. Soils containing the released metals are
then flooded with the dilute nitrate solutions.
The improved anaerobic leaching solutions
permeate the soils, allowing the microbial activity
to make the metals soluble in the leachate. The
nitrate concentration is adjusted so that the
effluent is free of nitrate and the nitrate
concentration is monitored so that the process
operation can be closely controlled. Soluble
metals in the leachate are easily recaptured, and
the metal-free effluent is recycled within the pro-
cess. The nitrate-based ecology of the process
also has the added advantage of decreasing levels
of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfide
generation.
The versatility and low operating constraints of
the AMR technology offer multiple process
options. The technology can be adapted for in
situ flooding or modified to flood a waste pile in
a heap-leaching operation. The elimination of
any aeration requirement also allows the process
to be designed and considered for bioslurry
applications. As a result, the technology offers
a greater range of treatment applications for
environmental waste situations that are often
considered difficult to treat.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The AMR technology targets toxic metal-
contaminated soils, sludges, and sediments,
which can also be contaminated with other
wastes, including hydrocarbons and organic
pollutants. While metals are the primary
pollutant treated, the biological system is also
designed to degrade and remove associated
organic contaminants.
Page J24
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
_ February 1999
Ytoject
STATUS:
The technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1994.
Studies under the Emerging Technology Program
will evaluate how effectively the AMR
technology removes metals from soil.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Jack Hubbard
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7507
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLQGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Donald Hitzman
Geo-Microbial Technologies, Inc.
East Main Street
P.O. Box 132
Ochelata, OK 74051
918-535-2281
Fax: 918-535-2564
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 125
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
IT CORPORATION
(Formerly OBDM Remediation Services Corporation)
(Oxygen Microbubfole In Situ Bioremediation)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The application of in situ microbial degradation
of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) has become a
Common and widespread practice. The most
common factor limiting the rate of in situ
biodegradation of PHCs is the amount of oxygen
available in the saturated and unsaturated zones.
Therefore, OHM Remediation Services
Corporation (OHM) has focused on developing
techniques for delivering oxygen to the
subsurface to enhance in situ microbial
degradation of PHCs. OHM has extensive
experience with oxygen delivery techniques such
as bioventing and biosparging to enhance
microbial degradation. Injection of oxygen
Mcrobub,bles is being investigated by OHM as an
dxygen delivery system for the in situ
biodegradation of PHCs in the unsaturated and
saturated zones. OHM has conducted laboratory
tests and field demonstrations of the oxygen
microbubble technology in conjunction with the
U.S. EPA and the U.S. Armstrong Laboratories.
Oygen microbubble technology (see figure elow)
uses a continuously generated stream of oxygen
and water solution containing low concentrations
of a surfactant. A water stream containing about
200 milligrams per liter of surfactant is mixed
with oxygen under pressure. The resulting
oxygen and water mixture is pumped through a
microbubble generator that produces a zone of
high-energy mixing. The result is a 60 to 80
percent by volume dispersion of bubbles, with a
typical bubble diameter ranging from 50 to 100
microns. The microbubble dispersion is then
pumped through an injection well into the
treatment zone. 1'he microbubbles deliver
oxygen to contaminated groundwater, providing
an oxygen source for aerobic biodegradation of
the contaminant by the indigenous microflora.
l_J
OXYGEN
SUPPLY
SYSTEM
*!
ELIUM 1
WATER
STORAGE
TANK
02
1/4" 316SS
TUBING
HE
1/4" 316SS
TUBING
WATER
SURFACTANT
^J 1/2" 316SS
u TUBING
© J- r.-j£|N
r!
|
= 9*- ! M
§ ! 1
-[o] ' O
© £-<^ I
r" ^ " M Ol
1/2" 316SS '
TUBING
5
-------
Febfuatyl999
Project
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The process has successfully treated groundwater
contaminated with a number of organic
compounds including volatile organic
compounds, semivolatile organic compounds,
and petroleum hydrocarbons.
STATUS:
The Oxygen Microbubble In Situ Bioremediation
process was accepted into the Emerging
Technology Program in summer 1992. This
process is being evaluated at a jet fuel spill site at
Tyndall Air Force Base in Panama City, Florida.
The overall objective of this project is to evaluate
the in situ application of the oxygen microbubble
technology for bioremedation. The goals are to
determine subsurface oxygen transfer to the
groundwater, retention of the microbubble in the
soil matrix, and biodegradation of the petroleum
hydrocarbons present in the soil and
groundwater.
A pilot test was performed at the site in 1995.
The objective of the test was to determine the
rate at which generated microbubbles could be
injected into the surficial aquifer at the site. In
addition, changes in the microbubbles and the
aquifer during injection were monitored.
Specific parameters monitored included the
following:
• Microbubble quality, quantity, and
stability
• Microbubble injection rate and pressure
• Lateral migration rates of microbubbles
• Lateral extent of migration of surfactant
in the aquifer
• Lateral changes hi dissolved oxygen
concentration in the aquifer
• Rate of migration of tracer gas (helium)
in the vadose zone
• Oxygen in the vadose zone
The pilot test verified that microbubbles can be
injected into a shallow aquifer consisting of
unconsolidated, fine-grained sediments. The
study also verified that aquifer characteristics
allowed the injection of the microbubble foam at
rates of at least 1 gallon per minute. Continued
injection of foam after about 45 minutes resulted
in coalescence of the foam based on pressure
measurements. The microbubble foam was
observed to persist in the aquifer for long periods
of time. This testing supported the use of oxygen
microbubbles as an oxygen delivery system for in
situ bioremediation.
The next testing phase at the site began hi fall
1996. During this test, multiple injection points
will be used to determine the maximum rate of
foam injection while maintaining foam stability.
Oxygen will'be used as the gas for microbubble
production. The rentention of oxygen
microbubbles will be compared to sparged air to
determine oxygen delivery efficiency.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Douglas Jerger
IT Corporation
Technology Applications
304 Directors Drive
Knoxville, TN 37923
423-690-3211 ext. 2803
Fax: 423-694-9573
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 127
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PHYTOKINETICS, INC.
(Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Phytoremediation is the use of plants for the in
situ cleanup of contaminated soils, sediments,
and water. The specific technology described in
this profile is the use of grasses to remediate
surface soils contaminated with organic chemical
wastes. Many types of organic contaminants,
including pentachlorophenol (PCP), biodegrade
more rapidly in planted soils than in unplanted
soils.
The ability of plants to enhance biodegradation is
based, in part, on plant root exudates. Plants
release into the soil organic chemical exudates
(sugars, acids, alcohols, and proteins), which can
enhance biodegradation in the following ways:
(1) the exudates stimulate soil microorganisms in
the rhizosphere (the zone immediately
surrounding the plant root) by serving as a food
source. Rhizosphere soils contain 10 to 100
times more metabolically active microorganisms
than unplanted soils; (2) exudates from the roots
contain enzymes that can transform organic
contaminants; (3) exudates can stimulate
cometabolic transformations of contaminants by
soil microorganisms.
Another important factor in phytoremediation is
that plants themselves can take up and detoxify
certain organic contaminants. Plants can also
stabilize soils against erosion by wind and water.
Grasses appear to be ideal for phytoremediation
of surface soils because their fibrous root systems
form a continuous dense rhizosphere.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
Organic chemical contaminants that are removed
more rapidly in planted soils than unplanted soils
include PCP, certain polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH), chlorinated solvents,
Greenhouse-Scale Phytoremediation Study
Small-Scale Outdoor Study
Page 128
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 1999
Ongoing Project
insecticides, and nitroaromatic explosives. For
phytoremediation to be effective, soil
contaminants must be in the surficial soil, within
the root zone of plants (top 2 to 3 feet), and
contaminants must be present at intermediate
levels that are not toxic to the plants. Although
phytoremediation may be cost-effective, especially
for larger sites, it is slower than more intensive
approaches (such as excavation or ex situ
treatments), and may require several growing
seasons.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the Emerging
Technology Program in 1995 for a 2-year
greenhouse and field trial. Under the Emerging
Technology Program, Phytokinetics, Inc.
(Phytokinetics), will demonstrate the
technology's treatment effectiveness for surficial
soils contaminated with PCP and PAHs from the
McCormick & Baxter (M&B) Superfund site in
Portland, Oregon. The plant species used is
perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne).
The study consists of two phases. The first
phase, which began in March 1996, consists of a
greenhouse study conducted under optimal
conditions for plant growth. The second phase,
which began in April 1996, is taking place in the
field, at an area within the M&B site (see
photographs on previous page). For both phases,
contaminant removal rates are being compared in
planted and unplanted (nutrified) soils, as well as
in unplanted unamended soils. The latter
treatment allows an assessment of the rates of
natural (intrinsic) bioremediation. Preliminary
results from the first phase suggest that plants
accelerate initial rates of removal of PCP,
chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene, and pyrene
relative to controls.
Phytokinetics personnel have also conducted
laboratory-scale studies using crested wheatgrass
(Agropyron cristatum). The fate of uniformly
radiolabeled PCP, added to soil at a
concentration of 100 milligrams per kilogram
(mg/kg), was compared in three planted and
three unplanted systems. Employing a
specifically designed flow-through test system, a
budget was maintained for the PCP-derived
radiolabel, and the extent of mineralization and
volatilization of the radiolabel were monitored
during a 155-day test.
In the unplanted systems, an average of 88
percent of the total radiolabel remained hi the
soil, and only 6 percent was mineralized. In the
planted systems, 33 percent of the radiolabel
remained in the soil, 22 percent was mineralized,
and 36 percent was associated with plant tissue.
Other tests using the same system were
conducted with radiolabeled pyrene (with initial
concentrations of 100 mg/kg soil). The onset of
mineralization occurred sooner in planted
systems (with a mean of 45 days) than in
uplanted systems (with a mean of 75 days).
However, the extent of radiolabeled pyrene
mineralization was the same in the two types of
systems.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Steven Rock
U.S. EPA •
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
28 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7149
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Ari Ferro
Phytokinetics, Inc.
1770 North Research Park Way
Suite 110
North Logan, UT 84341-1941
801-750-0985
Fax: 801-750-6296
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 129
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PINTAIL SYSTEMS, INC.
(Biomineralization of Metals!
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Pintail Systems, Inc. (PSI), has evaluated the use
of bioremediation processes for in situ
Biomineralization of heavy metals in mine
wastes. Biomineralization processes are part of
a natural cycle hi which minerals are
continuously formed, transformed, and degraded.
In situ biomineralization capitalizes on the role
that microorganisms play in natural ore formation
and involves accelerating the biological reactions
to remediate waste.
During biomineralization, microorganisms
initiate a complex series of reactions. Effective
metal removal mechanisms are influenced by
biologically catalyzed remineralization reactions.
PSI's research indicates that biomineralization
begins when microorganisms attach to the ore's
surface, forming a "bioslime" layer. Soluble
metals then bind to cell walls and extracellular
products. Next, metal hydroxides, oxides, and
carbonates precipitate into the bioslime layer as
amorphous mineral precursors, which provide a
template for further mineralization as they
stabilize.
A microbial population for biomineralization may
be used in either batch or continuous treatment
mode for in situ bioremediation. In batch mode,
bacteria and nutrient solutions may be applied
directly to contaminated soil, sediments, or
2.5 million ton Spent Ore Cyanide Field Detox
Metals analysis before and after application of bacteria treatment solutions
to the heap to degrade cyanide. Analysis of heap leachate solutions.
Results in mg/L
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
I I Before treatment
lAfte
0.622
0.005
treatment'
0.398
0.247
Cadmium
Chromium
0.978
0.156
Results in mg/L
-
0.334
2.07
0.005
1 I Before
HI Aft8r<
0.488
1 | 0.054
» treatment
reatment
4.16
0.007
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Biomineralization of Metals
Page 130
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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Febtuatyl?99
rtoject
aqueous solutions to catalyze bioaccumulation
and biomineralization. For continuous treatment,
microorganisms may be immobilized in a porous
matrix or fixed film reactor to remove metals
from aqueous solutions.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The PSI biomineralization process is designed to
treat solids (soils, sludges, and sediments) that
contain heavy metals or organics. It can also be
applied to acid rock drainage that occurs
naturally or that results from mining or energy
production operations. The process can be
applied at battery waste sites, urban lead sites,
mines, and metal production and fabrication
sites.
The PSI technology was accepted into the
Emerging Technology Program hi 1995. Under
the Emerging Technology Program, PSI intends
to complete development of its biomineralization
process, resulting in a field-ready in situ
biomineralization technology. PSI will conduct
batch and continuous treatment tests at its
laboratory and pilot plant in Aurora, Colorado,
using soils, ore, sludges, and tailings from
several Superfund sites.
PSI has developed and applied full-scale
detoxification processes for spent ore at several
mines hi the western United States. In addition
to cyanide detoxification, metals have been
removed or remineralized during treatment at the
mines. PSI has also demonstrated
biomineralization of metals in laboratory- and
pilot-scale tests for mining industry clients at
Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, California, Colorado,
Mexico, and Canada, including the Summitville
Mine Superfund site in Colorado. The results of
using biomineralization is shown hi the figure on
the previous page.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Ronald Lewis
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7856
Fax: 513-569-7105
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Leslie Thompson
Pintail Systems, Inc.
11801 E. 33rd Avenue, Suite C
Aurora, CO 80010
303-367-8443
Fax: 303-364-2120
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 131
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^Tecbnoiogy Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
PULSE SCIENCES, INC.
(X-Ray Treatment of Organically Contaminated Soils)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
X-ray treatment of organically contaminated soils
is based on in-depth deposition of ionizing
radiation. Energetic photons (X-rays) collide
with matter tp generate a shower of lower-
energy, secondary electrons within the
Contaminated was|e .material. These secondary
electrons ionize and excite the atomic electrons,
break up the complex contaminant molecules,
arid form highly reactive radicals. These radicals
react with contaminants to form nonhazardous
products such as water, carbon dioxide, and
oxygen.
Other sources of ionizing radiation, such as
ultraviolet radiation or direct electron beam
processing, do not penetrate the treatable material
deeply enough. Ultraviolet radiation heats only
the surface layer, while a 1.5-million electron
yolt (MeV) charge penetrates about 4 millimeters
into the soil. X-rays, however, penetrate up to
20 centimeters, allowing treatment of thicker
samples. In situ treatment, which reduces
material handling requirements, may also be
possible with X-ray treatment.
An efficient, high-power, high-energy, linear
induction accelerator (LIA) plus X-ray converter
generates the X-rays used in the treatment
process (see figure below). The LIA energy
usually ranges from 8 to 10 MeV. A repetitive
pulse of electrons 50 to 100 nanoseconds long is
directed onto a cooled converter of high atomic
number to efficiently generate X-rays. The X-
rays penetrate and treat the organically
contaminated soils.
The physical mechanism by which volatile
organic compounds (VOC) and semivolatile
organic compounds (SVOC) are removed
primarily depends on the specific contaminant
present. Because of the moisture in contaminated
soil, sludge, and sediments, the shower of
secondary electrons resulting from X-ray
deposition produces both highly oxidizing
hydroxyl radicals and highly reducing aqueous
electrons. While hazardous by-products may
form during X-ray treatment, contaminants and
by-products, if found, may be completely
converted at sufficiently high dose levels without
undesirable waste residuals or air pollution.
Waste
Treatment
Area
Conveyor
Waste
Storage
LIA
1-10 MeV
Electron
Beam
X-Ray
Converter
(Ta)
X-rays
-r»- Disposal
X-Ray Treatment Process
Page 132
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February 1999
Ongoing Project
X-rays can treat contaminated soil on a conveyor
or contained in disposal barrels. Because X-rays
penetrate about 20 centimeters into soil, large
soil volumes can be treated without losing a
significant fraction of the ionizing radiation hi
standard container walls. Pulse Sciences, Inc.,
estimates that the cost of high throughput X-ray
processing is competitive with alternative
processes that decompose the contaminants.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
X-ray treatment of organically contaminated soils
has the potential to treat large numbers of
contaminants with minimum waste handling or
preparation. Also, X-ray treatment can be
applied in situ. In situ treatment may be of
significant importance hi cases where it is
impossible or impractical to reconfigure the
waste volume for the ionizing radiation range of
electrons or ultraviolet radiation. Treatable
organic contaminants include benzene, toluene,
xylene, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene,
carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and polychlori-
nated biphenyls.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in 1993. A
1.2-MeV, 800-ampere (amp), 50-watt LIA and a
10.8-MeV, 0.2-amp, 10,000-watt radio
frequency (RF) linac will be used in the program.
The primary objectives are to (1) demonstrate
that X-ray treatment can reduce VOC and
SVOC levels in soils to acceptable levels,
and (2) determine any hazardous by-product that
may be produced.
Samples with identical initial contaminant
concentration levels will be irradiated at
increasing dose levels to determine (1) the rate
(concentration versus dose) at which the
contaminants are being destroyed, and (2) the
X-ray dose required to reduce organic
contamination to acceptable levels. The 10.8-
MeV RF linac, which produces more penetrating
X-rays, should provide information on the
optimum X-ray energy for the treatment process.
Increasing the accelerator energy allows a more
efficient conversion from electrons to X-rays in
the converter, but an upper limit (about 10 MeV)
restricts the energy treatment, because higher
energy activates the soil. The experimental
database will be used to develop a conceptual
design and cost estimate for a high throughput
X-ray treatment system.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
George Moore
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7991
Fax: 513-569-7276
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Vernon Bailey
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
600 McCormick Street
San Leandro, CA 94577
510-632-5100
Fax: 510-632-5300
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 133
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
THERMO NUTECH, INC.
(fonnerly TMA THERMO ANALYTICAL, INC.)
(Segmented Gate System)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
Thermo NUtech, Inc. (Thermo), has conducted
many radiological surveys of soil contaminated
with low and intermediate levels of radioactivity.
Cleanup of these sites is a highly labor-intensive
process requiring numerous personnel to conduct
radiological surveys with portable hand-held
instruments. When small areas of contamination
areencountered, they are typically removed
manually. When surveys disclose larger areas of
contamination, heavy equipment is used to
remove the contaminated material. Because
pinpoint excision with earthmoving equipment is
difficult, large amounts of uncontaminated soil
are removed with the contaminant. Few sites
have been characterized to be uniformly and/or
homogeneously contaminated above release
criteria over the entire site area.
As a result, Thermo developed the Segmented
Gate System (SGS) to physically separate and
segregate radioactive material from otherwise
"clean" soil (see figure below). The SGS
removes only a minimal amount of clean soil
when radioactive particles are removed,
significantly reducing the overall amount of
material requiring disposal. The SGS works by
conveying radiologically contaminated feed
material on moving conveyor belts under an
array of sensitive, rapidly reacting radiation
detectors. The moving material is assayed, and
radioactivity content is logged. Copyrighted
computer software tracks the radioactive material
as it is transported by the conveyor. The
software then triggers a diversion by one or more
of the SGS chutes when the material reaches the
end of the conveyor. Clean soil goes in one
direction, and contaminated material in another.
Contaminated
Soil Storage
Reclaimed Clean Soil
TMA's Segmented Gate System
Page 134
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
I-. V .1 '••
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February 1999
Ongoing Project
The key advantage to this system is automation,
which affords a much higher degree of accuracy
compared to manual methods. Contaminants can
be isolated and removed by locating small
particles of radioactive material dispersed
throughout the soil. All of the soil is analyzed
continuously during processing to document the
level of radioactivity in the waste and to
demonstrate that cleaned soil meets release
criteria. This automation and analysis results in
a significant cost reduction for special handling,
packaging, and disposal of the site's radioactive
waste.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
The SGS locates, analyzes, and removes gamma
ray-emitting radionuclides from soil, sand, dry
sludge, or any host matrix that can be transported
by conveyor belts. The SGS can identify hot
particles, which are assayed hi units of
picoCuries, and can quantify distributed
radioactivity, which is assayed in units of
picoCuries per gram (pCi/g) of host material.
The lower limit of detection (LLD) for the
system depends on the ambient radiation
background, conveyor belt speed, thickness of
host material on conveyor, and contaminant
gamma ray energy and abundance. However,
LLDs for americium-241 of 2 pCi/g and for
radium-226 of 5 pCi/g have been successfully
demonstrated.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in July 1994.
Pilot- and field-scale tests using Thermo-owned
mobile equipment began at a U.S. Department
of Energy facility in March 1995.
A field test at a DOE site in Ashtabula, Ohio was
scheduled for October 1998. Soil containing
throrium-232, radium-226, and uranium-238 will
be processed.
A similar system has been used on Johnston Atoll
in the mid-Pacific since January 1992; Thermo is
currently under contract to the U.S Defense
Nuclear Agency to process coral soil
contaminated with plutonium and americium
using the SGS.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Vince Gallardo
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7176
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Jeffrey Brown
Thermo NUtech, Inc.
601 Scarboro Road
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
423-481-0683
Fax: 423-483-4621
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 135
-------
Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
(Concentrated Chloride Extraction and Recovery of Lead)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
This technology recovers lead from soils using an
aqueous solvent extraction process that takes
advantage of the high solubility of
chlorocomplexes of lead. The extract solution
contains greater than 4 molar sodium chloride
arid operates at a pH of 4. The figure below
depicts a bench-scale model of the three-stage
continuous cquntercurrent pilot plant used to
study the process.
To operate the pilot plant, soil is sieved to
remove particles greater than 1.12 millimeters in
diameter. The soil is then placed in the first
chloride extraction tank (Ml) for extraction with
concentrated chloride solution. The resulting soil
and solvent slurry passes into a thickener (SI).
The soil and solvent slurry has an average
residence time of 1 hour in each extraction tank
in the system.
The bottoms of the thickener flow by gravity to
the second chloride extraction tank (M2). The
solution exiting the second chloride extraction
tank flows to the second thickener (S2). The
bottoms of the second thickener feed the third
stage.
The third stage is the last soil stage and the first
solvent stage; fresh solvent enters the system at
stage three. The bottoms of the third thickener
--- I Vacuum "ffl VF2
ppt.
Concentrated Chloride Extraction and Recovery
of Lead (Bench-Scale Process)
Page 136
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
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February1999
Ongoing Project
(S3) flow by gravity into the soil rinse system
(VF1) to remove excess salt. Soil rinsed in VF1
is clean product soil. The overflows from S3
pass to M2, the overflows from S2 pass to the
Ml, and the overflows from SI pass to the lead
precipitation system (M4/S4). In M4/S4, lead
hydroxide [(PbCOHOJ is recovered by simply
raising the pH of the spent extraction solution to
10. After Pb(OH)2 removal, the spent chloride
solution flows to the solvent makeup unit (Tl)
where it is acidified to pH 4 in preparation for
reuse.
This technology produces (1) treated soil,
suitable for replacement on site, and (2) Pb(OH)2
that may be suitable for reprocessing to recover
pure lead. The ease of solvent regeneration
minimizes waste disposal. Solvent recycling is
very successful, and pilot-plant tests have
required little or no salt or water makeup.
The pilot plant has treated soil from two lead
battery waste sites (LEWS). One LEWS soil
contained a high percentage of fines (about 50
percent clay and silt), and the other contained a
low percentage of fines (less than 20 percent clay
and silt). The pilot plant's method of transferring
soil by gravity eases much of the soil handling
problems typical of high clay soils. After
treatment, both soils easily passed the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure test. The total
lead concentration in the high fines and low fines
soil was reduced from 7 percent to about 0.15
percent and from 1.5 percent to 0.07 percent,
respectively.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This technology removes high concentrations of
lead from soil, particularly at LEWS, while
producing a treated soil that can be used as
backfill and a recyclable, concentrated lead salt.
STATUS:
This technology was accepted into the SITE
Emerging Technology Program in September
1994. Batch extraction testing was completed in
1995. Treatability tests using the pilot plant to
process high and low fines soils were completed
in August 1996. The high fines soil came from
a LEWS located in Houston, Texas, and the low
fines soil came from the Sapp Battery National
Priority List site in Florida. Future plans include
expanding the applications of the technology by
studying its effect on other wastes in soils. The
technology evaluation is expected to be
completed by August 1998.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Terry Lyons
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7589
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Dennis Clifford
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
University of Houston
4800 Calhoun Street
Houston, TX 77204-4791
713-743-4266
Fax: 713-743-4260
E-mail: DAClifford@uh.edu
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 137
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Technology Profile
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
(Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and Removal)
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:
The University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-
Madison) is developing a photocatalytic
technology that uses titanium dioxide (TiO2)
suspensions to coat various supporting materials
used in treatment applications. For this
application, the suspensions are used to coat a
conductive metallic or carbon mesh. Coating the
mesh with a suitable thickness of TiO2 catalyst
provides the basis for a photoreactor that uses most
of the available ultraviolet (UV) radiation. An
electrical field can also be applied across the
catalyst to improve its performance.
The figure below shows a possible photoreactor
design that uses a ceramic film. In this design, the
TiO2 coating on the porous metal acts as a
photoanode. An electric potential can then be
placed across the coating to direct the flow of
electrons to a porous carbon counter-electrode that
has a high surface area and is capable of collecting
collect any heavy metal ions present in the liquid.
In addition, an applied electric potential can
improve the destruction efficiency of organic
contaminants by reducing electron-hole
recombination on the catalyst surface. This
recombination is seen as a primary reason for the
observed inefficiency of other UV/TiO2 systems
used to treat organics in groundwater. Lastly, the
electric potential has been shown to reduce the
interference of electrolytes on the oxidation process.
Electrolytes such as the bicarbonate ion are known
hydroxyl radical scavengers and can be problematic
in the UV/TiO2 treatment of contaminated
groundwater.
Water Outlet
TiO2 Coated
Metal Mesh Photoanode
Water Inlet
Reference Electrode
Porous Carbon Cathode
U.V. Lamp
Photoreactor Design using Ceramic Film
Page 738
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
-------
February1999
Ongoing Project
This technology represents and improvement on
liquid-phase photocatalytic technologies by
distributing radiation uniformly throughout the
reactor. Also, the technology does not require
additional oxidants, such as peroxide or ozone, to
cause complete mineralization or to improve
reaction rates. It also eliminates the need for an
additional unit to separate and recover the catalyst
from the purified water after the reaction is
complete.
WASTE APPLICABILITY:
This particular technology is designed to treat
groundwater and dilute aqueous waste streams
contaminated with organics and heavy metals.
Organics are completely oxidized to carbon
dioxide, water, and halide ions. Heavy metals are
subsequently stripped from the cathode and
recovered.
STATUS:
The UW-Madison photocatalytic technology was
accepted into the SITE Emerging Technology
Program in 1995. The overall objective of the
Emerging Technology Program study is to refine
the reactor design, enabling it to treat heavy metals
as well as organic contaminants. Testing of a
bench-scale unit is currently underway.
UW-Madison has tested its photocatalytic reactor at
the laboratory scale on aqueous solutions of several
organic contaminants, including polychlorinated
biphenyls, chlorosalicylic acid, salicylic acid, and
ethylenediamine tetraacetate. UW-Madison has
also used similar reactors to remove volatile organic
compounds, such as trichloroethene,
tetrachloroethene, benzene, and ethylene from air
streams. Photooxidation of trichloroethene and
tetrachloroethene has been successfully field-tested
at low flow rates (less than 0.1 standard cubic feet
per minute).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Vince Gallardo
U.S. EPA
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7176
Fax: 513-569-7620
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACTS:
Marc Anderson
Water Chemistry Program
University of Wisconsin-Madison
660 North Park Street
Madison, WI 53706
608-262-2674
Fax: 608-262-0454
Charles Hill, Jr.
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Engineering Hall
1415 Engineering Drive, Room 1004
Madison, WI 53706
608-263-4593
Fax: 608-262-5434
The SITE Program assesses but does not
approve or endorse technologies.
Page 139
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-------
Documents Available from the
US EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Superfund Technology Demonstration Division
General Publications
•SHE Program: Annual Report to Congress 1994 (EPA/540/R-95/522)
•SITE Profiles, Seventh Edition (EPA/540/r-94/526)
•Survey of Materials Handling Technologies Used at Hazardous Waste
Sites (EPA/540/2-91/010)
•Interim Status Report U.S. and German bilateral Agl'eement on Remediation of Hazardous Waste Sites
(EPA/540/R-94/500)
Demonstration Project Results
Accutech Remedial Systems, Inc.—Pneumatic
Fracturing Extraction and Hot Gas Injection,
Phase 1
•Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/R-93/509) PB93-
216596
•Technology Demo. Summary
(EPA/540/SR-93/509)3
•Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/509)3
•Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-93/509)3 PB94-
117439
Advanced Remediation Mixing, Lie. (formerly
Chemfix)-ChemicaI Fixation/Stabilization
•Technology Evaluation Vol. 1 (EPA/540/5-
89/01 la)3 PB91-127696
•Technology Evauation Vol. 11 (EPA/540/5-
89/01 lb)3 PB90-274127
•Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/011)
•Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/S5-89/011)3
•Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-89/011)3
American Combustion, Inc.-Oxygen Enhanced
Incineration
•Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-89/008)
•Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/008)
•Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/S5-89/008)3
•Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-89/008)3
AWD Technologies, Inc.- Integrated Vapor Extraction
and Steam Vacuum Stripping
•Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-91/002)
PB92-218379
•Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-91/002)3
Babcock & Wilcox Co-Cyclone Furnace Vitrification
•Technology Evaluation Vol. 1 (EPA/540/R-92/017A)3 PB92-
222215
•Technology Evaluation Vol. 11 (EPA/540/R.-92/017B)3
PB92-222223
•Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-92/017) PB93-
122315
•Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/SR-92/017)3
•Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/011)
Bergman USA-Soil and Sediment Washing System
•Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/075)
•Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-92/075)
Biogenesis Enterprises, Inc.-SoiI and Sediment Washing
Processes
•Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/510)
•Innovative Technology Evaluation Report (EPA/540/R-
93/510)
•SITE Technology Capsule (EPA/540/SR-93/510)3
Bio-Rem, Inc. - Augmented In-Situ Subsurface Biorem
Process
•Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/527)
BlioTroI,- Biological Aqueous Treatment System
•Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-91/001)3 PB92-
110048
•Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-91/001) PB91-
227983
•Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/S5-91/001)
•Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-91/001)
1 Order documents free of charge by calling EPA's
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERI) at 513-569-7562 or Fax 513-569-8695.
2 Documents with aPB number are out of stock and
must be ordered by that number at cost from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield VA 22161
Telephone 703-487-4650
3 Out of stock
Page 141
-------
Demonstration Project Results (Continued)
BioTroI - Soil Washing System
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 1
(EPA/54G/5-91/003a)3 PB92-115310
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11 Part A
(EPA^O/S^l/OOSb)3 PB92-115328
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11 Part B
CEPA^40/5}91/003cf PB92-115336
• Applications Analysis (EPA/54d/A5-9l/Ob3)
• Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/S5-91/003)
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-91/003)
Brice Environmental Services Corporation-Bescorp
Soil Washing System Battery Enterprises Site
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/503)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-93/503)
Brown and Root Environmental-Subsurface
Volatilization and Ventilation System
• Demonstration BuUetin (EPA/540/MR-94/529)
> Capsule (E1^4(VRr94/529a)
• Innovative fech.lval. Report (EPA/540/R-94/529)
Canonic Environmental Services Corporation-Low
Temperature Thermal Aeration (LTTA)
• Demonstration BuUetin (EPA/540/MR-93/504)
. Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-93/504)
CeTech Resources, Inc., formerly Chemfix
Technologies, Inc. - Chemical Fixation/Stabilization
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 1
(EPA/540/5-89/01 la) PB91-127696
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11
(EPA/540/5-89/01 Ib) PB90-274127
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/011)
• Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/S5-89/011)3
PB91-921373
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540M5-89/011)3
CF Systems Corporation-Liquified Gas Solvent
Extraction
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 1 (EPA/540/5-90/002)
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11 (EPA/540/5-90/002a)3
PB90-186503
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-90/002)
• Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/S5-90/002)
Chemfix Technologies, Inc. (Now Advanced Remediation
Mixing, Inc.) - Chemical Fixation/Stabilization
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 1 (EPA/540/5- 89/01 la)
PB91-1276962
• Technology Evauation VoL 11 (EPA/540/5-89/01 Ib)
PB90-2741272
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/011)
• Technology Demof Summary (EPA/540/S5-89/011)
PB91-9213732
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-89/011)3
Chemical Waste Management, Inc.-X-TRAX Thermal
Desorption System
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/502)
Clean Berkshires, Inc. (Now Maxymillian Technologies)-
Thermal Desorption System
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-94/507)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-94/507a)3
Cognis, Inc. Removal of Lead from Soils
• Demonstration Bulletin P?A/540/MR-95/535)
,,
Dehydro-Tech Corporation-Carver-Greenfield Process
• Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/R-92/002)3
PB92-217462
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-92/002)
• Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/SR-92/002)
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/002)
Dupont/Oberlin-Membrane Microfiltration System
• Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-90/007)3
PB92-153410
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-90/007)
• Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/S5-90/007)
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-90/007)
Dynaphore, Inc.- Forager Sponge Technology
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-94/522)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-94/522a)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Rept. (EPA/540/R-94/522)
ECOVA Corporation - Bioslurry Reactor [Pilot-Scale
Demonstration of Slurry-Phase Biological Reactor for
Creosote-Contaminated Wastewater]
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 1
(EPA/540/5-91/009)3 PB93-205532
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-91/009)
• Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/S5-91/009)
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-91/009)
' Order documents free of charge by calling EPA's
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERI) at 513-569-7562 or Fax 513-569-8695.
'Documents with a PB number are out of stock and
must be ordered by that number at cost from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield VA 22161
Telephone 703-487-4650
3 Out of stock
Page 142
-------
Demonstration Project Results (Continued)
ELI Eco Logic International, Inc.
- GasPhase Chemical Reduction
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/522)
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 1
(EPA/540/U-93/522a) PB95-100251
• Technology Evaluation Appendices
(EPA/540/R-93/522b)3 PB95-100251
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-93/522)
• Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/522)
- Thermal Desorption Unit
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR94/504)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-94/504
EnviroMetal Technologies, Inc.-Metal-Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation Technology
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR95/510)
EPOC Water, Inc. - Microflltration Technology
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR93/513)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-93/513)
Filter Flow Technology, Inc. - Colloid Polishing Filter
Method
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR95/501)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-94/501a) PB95-122792
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Kept. (EPA/540/R-94/501)
B95-122792
Geo-Con, Inc.-In-Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 1 (EPA/540/5-89/004a)
• Technology Evaluation Appendices (EPA/540/R-
93/522b)3 PB95-100251 .
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11 (EPA/540/5-89)004b)3
PB89-194179
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 111 (EPA/540/5-
89/004c)3 PB90-269069
• Technology Evaluation Vol. IV (EPA/540/5-89/004d)3
PB90-269077
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/004)
• Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/S5-89/004)
• Technology Demo. Summary, Update Report
(EPA/540/S5-89/004a)
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-89/004)3
Geosafe Corporation - In-Situ Vitrification
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR94/520)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-94/520a)3 PB95-177101
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Rept. (EPA/540/R-94/520)
GeoTech Development Corporation - Cold Top
Vitrification
« Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-97/506)
GIS/Solutions, Inc. - CIS/KEY Environmental Data
Management System
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR94/505)
• Capsule (EPA/540/SR-94/505)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Rept. (EPA/540/R-94/505)
PB95-138319
Grace Dearborn Bioremediation Technology
' Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/536)
° Capsule (EPA/540/R-95/536a)
' Innovative Tech. Eval. Rept. (EPA/540/R-95/536)
Gruppa Italimpresse (developed by Shirco Infrared
Systems, Inc.) - Infrared Incineration
• Technology Evaluation -Peake Oil
(EPA/540/5-88/002a)
• Technology Evaluation Report - Peake Oil Vol. 11
(EPA/540/5-88/002b) PB89-116024
' Technology Evaluation - Rose Township (EPA/540/5-
89/007a) PB89-125991
• Technology Evaluation- Rose Township Vol. 11
(EPA/540/5-89)007b) PB89-167910
« Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/010)
PB89-233423
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/S5-89/007)3
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-88/002)3
Hazcon, Inc. (now Funderburk and Assoc.) - Solidification
Process
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 1 (EPA/540/5-89/001a)
PB89-1588103
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11 (EPA/540/5-89)001b)
PB89-1588283
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/001)
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/S5-89/001)3 '
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-89/001)3
High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc.
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-96/504)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Rept. (EPA/540/R-96/504)
Horsehead Resource Development Co., Inc. - Flame
Reactor
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 1 (EPA/540/5-91/005)
PB92-205855
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-91/005)
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/S5-91/005)
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540M5-91/005)
1 Order documents free of charge by calling EPA's
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERI) at 513-569-7562 or Fax 513-569-8695.
2 Documents with a PB number are out of stock and
must be ordered by that number at cost from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield VA 22161
Telephone 703-487-4650
3 Out of stock !
Page 143
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Demonstration Project Results (Continued)
H^ Environmental Services, Inc. - HRUBOUT
Process
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/524)
" , , ,' i (I I1 '
Huges Environmental Systems, Inc. - Steam Enhanced
Recovery Process
» Demonstration BuUetin (EPA/540/MR94/510)
• Capsule (EPA/540R-94/510a)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Kept (EPA/540/R-94/510)
IT Research Institute (Brown and Root
Environmental, Inc.) - Radio Frequency Heating
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR94/527)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-94/527a)
• Innovative tech. Eval. Rept (EPA/540/R-94/527)
International Waste Technologies/Geo-Con, Inc. - In-
Situ Solidification and Stabilization Process
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 1 (EPA/540/5-89/004a)
PB90-1941612
• Technology Evaluation Appendices
(EPA/540/R-93/522b) PB95-1002512
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11 (EPA/540/5-89/004b)
PB89-194I792
• Technology Evaluation Vol. Ill
(EPA/540/5-89/004c) PB90-2690692
• Technology Evaluation Vol. IV (EPA/540/5-89/004d)
PB90-2690772
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/004)
PB90-2690852
• Technology Demo. Summary (EPA/540/S5-89/004)3
• Technology Demo. Summary, Update Report
(EPA/54Q/S5-89/Q04a)3
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540M5-89/004)3
KAI Technologies Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental Radio Frequency Heating
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-94/528)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-94/528a)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/R-94/528)!
Magnum Water Technology - CAV-OX Ultraviolet
Oxidation Process
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540MR-93/520)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-93/520)
PB94-189438
• Technology Evaluation Rep. (EPA/540/R-93/520)3
PB95-166161
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/520)
Matrix Photocatalytic Ltd. - Photocatalytic Aqueous Phase
Organics Destruction Process
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/R-97/503)
Maxymillian Technologies (formerly Clean Berkshires,
Inc.) - Thermal Desorption System
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-94/507)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-94/507a)
PB95-1228002
New Jersey Institute of Techmology - Cold Top
Vitrification Process
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-97/506)
New York State Multi-Vendor Bioremediation:
- ENSR Consulting & Engineering/Larson Engineers -
Ex-Situ Biovault
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/524)
- R.E. Wright Environmental Inc. - In-Situ
Bioremediation System
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/525)
-SBP Technologies, Inc. And Env. Laboratories, Inc. -
Vacuum-Vaporized Well (UVB) System
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-96/506)
North American Technologies Group, Inc. - SFC
Oleofiltration System
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-94/525)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-94/525a)3 PB95-167227
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Rept (EPA/540/R-94/525)
ii, •" 'i v ,.' i i : .
Ogden Environmental Services, Inc. (now General
Atomics) - Ogden Circulating Bed Combustor
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/001)
• Technology Evaluation Rep. (EPA/540/MR-92/001)
1 Order documents free of charge by calling EPA's
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERI) at 513-569-7562 or Fax 513-569-8695.
'Documents with a PB number are out of stock and
must be ordered by that number at cost from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield VA 22161
Telephone 703-487-4650
3 Out of stock
Page 144
-------
Demonstration Project Results (Continued)
Peroxidation Systems, Inc. (now Vulcan) - Perox-
Pure™ Chemical Oxidation
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/501)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-93/501)
• Technology Evaluation Rep. (EPA/540/R-93/501)3
PB93-213528
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/501)
Resources Conservation Company - The Basic
Extractive Sludge Treatment (B.E.S.T.) - Solvent
Extraction
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/079)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-92/079)
• Technology Evaluation -Vol. 1
(EPA/540/R-92/079a) PB93-227122
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11, Part 1
(EPA/540/R-92/079b)3 PB93-227130
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11, Part 2
(EPA/540/R-92/079c)3 PB93-227148
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11, Part 3
(EPA/540/R-92)079d)3 PB93-227155
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/SR-92/079)
Retech, Inc. - Plasma Centrifugal Furnace (Plasma Arc
Vitrification)
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-91/007)
• Technology Evaluation -Vol. 1
(EPA/540/5-91/007a)3 PB92-216035
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11 (EPA/540/5-9 l/007b)3
PB92-216043
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-91/007)
PB92-218791
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/S5-91/007)
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
- and IT Corporation - Debris Washing System
• Technology Evaluation -Vol. 1 (EPA/540/5-9 l/006a)
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11 (EPA/540/5-91/006b)3
PB91-231464
• Technology Demo Summary(EPA/540/S5-91/006)
- and University of Cincinnati-Hydraulic
Fracturing of Contaminated Soil
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/505)
• Technology Evaluation and Applications Analysis
Combined (EPA/540/R-93/505)
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/505)
-and USDA-Forest Products Technology - Fungal
Treatment Technology
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/514)
-Mobile Volume Reduction Unit at the Sand Creek
Superfund Site
• Treatability Study Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/512)
-Mobile Volume Reduction Unit at the Escambia
Superfund Site
• Treatability Study Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/511)
-Volume Reduction Unit
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/508)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-93/508)
• Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/R-93/508)3
PB94-136264
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/508)
Rochem Separations Systems, Inc. - Disc Tube Modle
Technology
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-96/507)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-96/507a)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/R-96/507)
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
-and IEG Technologies-Unterdruck-Verdampfer-
Brunner Technology (UVB) Vacuum Vaporizing Well
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/500)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-95/500a)
-Low Temperature Thermal Treatment (LT3) System
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/019)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-92/019)
Sandia National Labs - In Situ Electrokinetic Extraction
System
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-97/509)
SBP Technologies, Inc.-Membrant Filtration and
Bioremediation
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/014)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-92/014)
1 Order documents free of charge by calling EPA's
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERI) at 513-569-7562 or Fax 513-569-8695.
2 Documents with a PB number are out of stock and
must be ordered by that number at cost from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield VA 22161
Telephone 703-487-4650
3 Out of stock
Page 145
-------
Demonstration Project Results (Continued)
SilicateTechnoIogy Corporation-
Solidification/Stabilization of Organic/Inorganic
Contaminants
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/010)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-92/010)3
PB93-I72948
• Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/R-92/010)3
PB95-255709
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/SR-92/010)
Simplot, J.R. - Ex Situ Anaerobic Bioremediation
Technology: TNT
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/529)
• Capsule (EPA/540/MR-95/529a)
; Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/R-95/529)
Simplot, J.R. - Ex-Situ Anaerobic Bioremediation
System (The SABRE Process)
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-94/508)
• Capsule (EPA/540R-94/508a)
• Innovative Tech. Eval, Report (EPA/540/R-94/508)
!;;;;, ; ' '., li. . , ;
Soiltech ATP Systems, Inc.
-Aostra-SoilTech Anaerobic Thermal Process
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/008)
rSoilTech Anaerobic Thermal Processor
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/078)
Soliditcch, Inc. - Solidification and Stabilization
f Technology Evaluation -Vol. 1
(EPA/540/S-89A)05a)3 PB90-191750
• Technologyfevaluation Vol. 11 EPA/540/5-89/005b)3
PB90-1917§8
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/005)
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/S5-89/005)3
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-89/005)3
Solucorp - Molecular Bonding System
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/R-97/507)
Sonotccli, Inc. - Cello Pulse Combustion Burner
System
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/502)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-95/502a)
TerraKIeen Response Group, Inc. - Solvent Extraction
Treatment System
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-94/521)3
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-94/521a)
Terra Vac, Inc. - In Situ Vacmum Extraction
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-89/003)3
• Technology Evaluation -Vol. 1
(EPA/540/5-89/003a)3 PB89-192025
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11 (EPA/540/5-89/003b)3
PB89-192033
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/003)
• Technology Demo Summary(EPA/540/S5-89/003)
Texaco, Inc. - Entrained-Bed Gasification Process
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-94/514)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-94/514a)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/R-94/514)
Thorneco, Inc. - Enzyme - Activated Cellulose Technology
• Treataability Study Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/018)3
Toronto Harbour Commission - Soil Recycling Treatment
Train
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-92/015)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-93/517)
• Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/R-93/517)3
PB93-2160&7
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/517)
Toxic Treatments USA, Inc. (Now NOVATERRA, Inc.) -
In-Situ Steam/Hot Air Stripping
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/M5-90/003)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-90/008)
Ultrox, a Division of Zimpro Environmental, Inc. - UV
Ozone Treatment for Liquids
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540M5-89/012)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/012)
• Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-89/012)3
PB90-198177
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/S5-89/012)
U.S. EPA - McCoIl Superfund Site - Demonstration of a
Trial Excavation
• Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-92/015)3
PB92-226448
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-92/015)
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/SR-92/015)
1 Order documents free of charge by calling EPA's
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERI) at 513-569-7562 or Fax 513-569-8695.
"Documents with a PB number are out of stock and
must be ordered by that number at cost from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield VA 22161
Telephone 703-487-4650
3 Out of stock
Page 146
., Mi', i
si.!, i. i
Ill ."
-------
Demonstration Project Results (Continued)
Wheelabrator Clean Air Systems, Inc. (formerly
Chemical Waste Management, Inc.) -PO*WW*ER™
Technology
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-93/506)
• Applications Analysis (EPA/540/AR-93/506)
• Technology Evaluation-Vol. 1
(EPA/540/R-93/506a)3 PB94-160637
• Technology Evaluation Vol. 11
(EPA/540/R-93506b)3 PB94-160660
• Technology Demo Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/506)
Zenon Environmental, Inc. - Zenon Cross-Flow
Pervaporation Technology
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/511)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-95/51 la)
Zenon Environmental Systems - Zenogem Wastewater
Treatment Process
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/503)
• Capsule (EPA/540/R-95/503a)
1 Order documents free of charge by calling EPA's
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERI) at 513-569-7562 or Fax 513-569-8695.
2 Documents with a PB number are out of stock and
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3 Out of stock
Page 147
-------
il ,-.,.
Emerging Technologies Program Reports
General Publications
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program: - Innovation Making a Difference
Emerging Tech, Brochure (EPA/540/F-94/505)
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program: - Technology with an Impact Emerging
Tech. Brochure (EPA/540/F-93/500)
SITE Emerging Technology Program (Brochure) (EPA/540/F-95/502)
ABB Environmental Services, Inc. - Two Zone PCE Bioremediation System
Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/510)
Center for Hazardous Materials Research - Acid
Extraction Treatment System for Treatment of Metal
Contaminated Soils
• Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/540/R-94/513)3 PB94-
188109
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-94/513)
Aluminum Company of America (Now Media &
Process Technology) - Bioscrubber for Removing
Hazardous Organic Emission from Soil, Water, and
Air Decontamination Process
• EmetgingTecbl Report (EPA/540/R- 93/521)3
PB93-227025
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-93/507)
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/521)
• Journal Article AWMA Vol. 44, No. 3, March 1994
Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited - Chemical
Treatment and L'ltrafiltration
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/002)
Babcock & Wilcox Co. - Cyclone Furnace (Soil
Vitrification)
• EmcrgingTech. Report (EPA/540/R- 93/507)
PB93-163038
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/010)
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/507)
Batelle Memorial Institute - In Situ Elecroacoustic Soil
Decontamination
• Emerging Technology (EPA/540/5-90/004)3
PB90-204728
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/S5-90/004)3
Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc. - Removal and Recovery of
Metal Ions from Grpundwater (AlgaSORB)
* EmergingTec'nnology ^PA/540/5-90/005a)
• Emerging Tech.-Appendices
(EPA/54075-9Q/p05b)3 PB90-252602
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/S5-90/005)
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/003)
Biotrol, Inc. - Mehanotrophic Bioreactor System
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-93/506)
Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/505)
• Journal Article AWMA Vol. 45, No.l, Jan. 1995
- Reclamation of Lead from Superfund Waste Material
Using Secondary Lead Smelters
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/510)
Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-95/504)
• Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/540/R-95/504)3
PB9-199022
-Simulatanious Destruction of Organics and Stabilization
of Metals in Soils
Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-98/500)
• Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/540/R-98/500)
PB98-133150
Colorado School of Mines - Constructed Wetlands-Based
Treatment
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/001)
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/523)
• Emerging tech. Report {EPA/540/R-93/523)3
PB93-233914
University of Dayton Research Institute - Development of a
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/505)
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-95/526)
• Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/540/R-95/526)3
PB95-255733
Electro-Pure Systems, Inc. - Alternating Current
Electrocoagulation Technology
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/011)
Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/S-93/504)
• Journal Article AWMA V43, No. 43, May 1993
1 Order documents free ol charge by calling HPA's
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERI) at 513-569-7562 or Fax 513-569-8695.
1 Documents with a PB number are out of stock and
must be ordered by that number at cost from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield VA 22161
Telephone 703-487-4650
3 Out of stock
Page 148
-------
Emerging Technologies Program Reports
Electokinetics Inc. -Theoretical and Experimental
Modeling of MuItispecies...EIectrokinetic Soil
Processing
Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/504)
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/600/SR-97/054)
• Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/600/R-97/054)
PB97-1930562
Energy and Environmental Engineering - Laser-
Induced Photochemical Oxidative Destruction
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/004)
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-92/080)
• Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/540/R-92/080)3
PB93-131431
Energy and Environmental Research Corporation -
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-93/508)
FERRO Corporation - Waste Vitrification Through
Electric Melting
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/503)
Florida International University (or Electron Beam
Research Facility)
- Electron Beam Treatment for Removal of Benzene
and Toluene from Aqueous Streams and Sludge
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-93/502)
- Electron Beam Treatment for the Trichloroethylene
and Tetrachloroethylene from Aqueous Stream
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/009)
-Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions Using
High Energy Electron Beam Irradiation
Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-93/509)
Institute of Gas technology
-Chemical and Biological Treatment (CBT)
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/504)
-Fluid Extraction-Biological Degradation Process
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/501)
FT Corporation - Innovative Methods for Bioslurry
Treatment
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-96/505)
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-96/505)
Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/540/ R-96/505)
PB97-1768202
IT Corporation - Photolysis/Biodegradation of PCB and
PCDD/PCDF Contaminated Soils
Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/502)
Emerging tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-94/531)
• Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/540/R-94/531)3
PB95-159992
IT Corporation - Process for the Treatment of Volatile
Organic Carbon & Heavy-Metal Contaminated Soil
Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/509)
J.R. Simplot- Anaerobic Destruction of Nitroaromatics
(the SABRE Process)
Journal Article App.Env.Micro, Vol. 58, pp. 1683-89
Matrix Photocatalytic, Inc. - Photocatalytic Water
Treatment
• Journal Article (EPA/600/A-93/282)3
PB94-130184
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. - Volatile
Organic Compound Removal from Air Streams by
Membrane Separation
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/503)
M.L. Energia- Reductive Photo-Dechlorination Process for
Safe Conversion of Hazardous Chlorocarbon Waste
Streams
Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/508)
New Jersey Institute of Technology - GHEA Associates
Process for Soil Washing and Wastewater Treatment
Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-94/509)
PURUS, Inc. - Photolytic Oxidation Process [Destruction
of Organic Contaminants in Air Using Advanced
Ultraviolet Flashlamps]
Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-93/501)
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/516)
Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/540/R-93/516)
PB93-205383
Roy F. Weston, Inc. - Ambersorb 563 Adsorbent
Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-95/500)
Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-95/516)
• Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/540/R-95/516)3
PB95-264164
1 Order documents free of charge by calling EPA's
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERI) at 513-569-7562 or Fax 513-569-8695.
2 Documents with a PB number are out of stock and
must be ordered by that number at cost from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield VA 22161
Telephone 703-487-4650
3 Out of stock
Page 149
-------
Emerging Technologies Program Reports
University of Washington - Metals Treatment at
Supcrfund Sites by Adsorptive Filtration
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-92/008)
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-93/515)
• Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/540/R-93/515)3
PB94-170230
Vortec Corporation - Vitrification
• Published Paper, Glass Production Technol
International, 1994, p. 103 -106
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/S-97/501)4
Wastewater Technology Centre - [A] Cross-Flow
Pervaporation System [for Removal of VOC's from
Contaminated Water]
• Emerging Tech. Bulletin (EPA/540/F-93/S03)
• Emerging Tech. Summary (EPA/540/SR-94/512)
• Emerging Tech. Report (EPA/540/R-94/512)3
PB95-I70230
1 Order documents tree of charge dy calling bfA's
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERI) at 513-5S9-7S62 or Fax 513-569-8695.
"Documents with a PB number are out of stock and
must be ordered by that number at cost from:
li1 IJ, ' 111!"
Page 150
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield VA 22161
Telephone 703-487-4650
3 Out of stock
-------
Measuring and Monitoring Program Reports
Cone Penetrometers
Portable Gfas Chromatographs
Loral Rapid Optical Screening Tool (ROST)
Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/519)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/R-95/519)
Site Characterization Analysis Penetroraeter System
(SCAPS)
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/520)
Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/R-95/520)
Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence
HNU Systems SEFA-P Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/600/R^97/144)
Metorex X-Met 920P and 940 Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/600/R-97/146)
Metorex X-Met 920MP Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/600/R-97/151)
Niton XL Spectrum Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/600/R-97/150)
SciTec MAP Spectrum Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/600/R-97/147)
TN Spectrace TN9000 and TN Pb Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence Analyzers
Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/600/R-97/145)
Analytical & Remedial Technology Purge and Trap Gas
Chromatographic Manifod System (AVOS)
Technology Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-93/109)
Bruker Mobiel Environmental Monitor
Technology Evaluation Report (EPA/600/X-91/079)
Field Analytical Screening Program (FASP) Method for
PCP
Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/R-95/528)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/MR-95/528)
Field Analytical Screening Program (FASP) Method for
PCB
Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/R-95/521)
Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/MR-95/521)
HNU Portable Gas Chromatograph
Results reported in the Proceedings of the U.S. EPA
Third International Field Screening Symposium Volume
2, Pages 682-693 (1993)
Photovac Portable Gas Chromatograph
Results reported in the Proceedings of the U.S. EPA
Third International Field Screening Symposium Volume
2, Pages 682-693 (1993)
Sentex Portable Gas Chromatograph
• Results reported in the Proceedings of the U.S. EPA
Third International Field Screening Symposium Volume
2, Pages 682-693 (1993)
SRI Instruments Low Temperature Thermal Desorption
System
• Results reported in the Proceedings of the U.S. EPA
Third International Field Screening Symposium Volume
2, Pages 682-693 (1993)
1 Order documents free of charge by calling EPA's
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERJ) at 513-569-7562 or Fax 513-569-8695.
2 Documents with a PB number are out of stock and
must be ordered by that number at cost from:
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5285 Port Royal Road
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3 Out of stock
Page 151
-------
Spectrometers
Measuring and Monitoring Program Reponts
Soil & Soil Gas Samples
MDA Scientific Long-Path Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometer
• Technology Evaluation Report (EPA/600/S3-91/071)
I ! < ,,'Sli | fljli! !' i • , V ,„ |«
,„ • 'i mi; !
Xontech, Inc. Canister-based Sector Sample
• Report (EPA/600/S3-91/071)
PCP/PCB Immunoassay Test Kite
Char-N-Soil PCB Test Kit - Dexel
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/518)
. Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/ R-95/518)
EnviroGard PCB Test Kit - Millipore Inc.
•""! • DemonstrationBulletin(EPA/540/MR-95/517)
i * Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPiA/540/R-95/517)
r I, ; tiji II," :i ,, „, ' "
Millipore Emurioasay Test Kit for PCB
. Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/517)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/ R-95/517)
PCP Immunoassay Technologies: Ensys Inc. - PENTA
Rise: Ohmicron Corp., - Penta RaPid; Millipore Inc. -
» • Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540MR.-95/514)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA7540/R-95/514)
Envirogard
• Demonstration Bulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/515)
• Innovative tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/ R-95/514)
'iJ-Hanby PCP Test Kit
• DemonstrationBulletin (EPA/540/MR-95/515)
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/540/ R-95/515)
Westinghouse PCP Test Kit
Technology Evaluation Report (EPA/600/X-90/146)
Art's Manufacturing Soil Sampler
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/600/R-98/093)
Clements & Associates Soil Sampler
• Innovative Tech. Eval! Report (EPA/600/R-98/097)
Geoprobe® Soil Sampler
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/600/R-98/092)
Simulprobe® Soil Sampler
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/600/R-98/094)
Quandrel Soil Gas Sampler
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/600/R-98/096)
W.L. Gore & Associates Soil Gas Sampler
• Innovative Tech. Eval. Report (EPA/600/R-98/095)
;' Order documents tree ot charge by calling htfA's
1 Center for Environmental Research Information
(CER1) at 513-569-7562 or Fax 513-569-8695.
J Documents with a PB number are out of stock and
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Page 152
National Technical Information Service
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Telephone 703-487-4650
3 Out of stock
-------
111
D.
en
IWT/GEO-CON In-Situ Stabilization
and Solidification, Hialeah, FL - 4/88
ORDERING INSTRUCTIONS
TERRA VAC Vacuum Extraction
System, Groveland, MA - 1/88
CF SYSTEMS Solvent Extraction
Unit, New Bedford, MA - 3/89
To obtain your choice of tapes, complete the order
form on the opposite side of this page. Enclose
the form with your check, made out to Foster
Wheeler Environmental Corporation and mail to:
Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation
52 Site Program
(4 Technology Demonstrations):
Attn: Ms. Maria Witkowski
8 Peach Tree Hill Road
Livingston, New Jersey 07039
ULTROX Ultraviolet Radiation and
Oxidation, San Jose, CA - 3/89
only PREPAID orders Can Be Accepted
BIOTROL Biological Aqueous Treat-
ment, New Brighton, MN - 9/89
For further information, contact
Ms. Witkowski at 1-800-580-3765
BIOTROL Soil Washing System, New
Brighton, MN - 9/89
IT/RREL Debris Washing System,
Hopkinsville,KY- 12/89
53 Site program
(4 Technology Demonstrations):
S/7E VIDEOTAPES
These composite videotapes contain a
number of EPA-produced documentaries
on specific Superfund Innovative Tech-
nology Evaluation (SITE) Program dem-
SOLIDTECH Solidification and
pnstrations.
Stabilization, Morganville, NJ - 12/88
CHEMFJX Solifidication and Stabili-
zation, Clackamas, OR - 3/89
51 Site Program
(6 Technology Demonstrations):
NOVATERRA (TTUSA) In Situ Steam
and Air Stripping, San Pedro, CA- 9/
89
AWD Integrated Vapor Extraction/
Steam Vacuum Stripping, Burbank,
CA-9/90
ECOVA (SHIRCO) Infrared Incinera-
tion System, Brandon, FL - 6/87
ECOVA (SHIRCO) Infrared Incinera-
tion System, Rose Twp., MI - 3/89
EMTECH (HAZCON) Solidification
Process, Douglassville, PA- 10/87
Ms. Maria Witkowski
Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation
Superfund Videotape Library
8 Peach Tree Hill Road
Livingston, NJ 07039
First Class Mail
Page 153
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§
S4 Site Program
(4 Technology Demonstrations):
E.I. DUPONT/OBERLIN FILER
Membrane Microfiltration, Palmerton,
PA-5/90
HORSEHEAD Flame Reactor, Atlanta,
GA-3/91
RETECH Plasma Centrifugal Fur-
nace, Butte, MT - 7/91
BABCOCK & WILCOX Cyclone Fur-
nace, Alliance, OH -11/91
55 Site Program
(4 Technology Demonstrations):
STC Immobilization of Organic/ Inor-
ganic Contaminants in Soils, Selma, CA
-11/90
TEC Soil Recycle Treatment Train at
Toronto Harbor, Toronto, Ont., Canada -
5/92
R.C.C. Basic Extractive Sludge Treat-
ment (B.E.S.T.), Grand Calumet River,
Gary, IN-7/92
PEROXWATION SYSTEMS INC.
Purox-Pure Chemical Oxidation Treat-
ment, Altamont Hills, CA - 9/92
56 Site Program
(4 Technology Demonstrations):
BERGMANN Soil/Sediment Washing
Technology, Saginaw Bay, MI - 2/93
BESCORP Soil Washing System,
Fairbanks, AK-8/92
ELI Eco Logic International Inc., Hy-
drogen Reduction Gas-Phase Chemical
Reduction Process, Bay City, MI -11/93
MAGNUM Water Technology CAV-OX
Ultraviolet Oxidation Process, Edwards
AFB.CA-1/94
S7 Site Program
(4 Technology Demonstrations):
TEXACO Gasification Process, South El
Monte, CA-6/95
SFC 0.5 Oleofiltration System, Pem-
broke, FL -1/95
ITT Radio Frequency Heating Process,
KeUy AFB, San Antonio, TX - 3/95
KAI Radio Frequency Heating Process,
Kelly Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX -
4/95
R1RREURCB Research Programs
This composite videotape contains five
documentaries conducted under the
auspices of the Risk Reduction Engi-
neering Laboratory's Releases Control
Branch:
^ Synthetic Soils Matrix (SSM) Pro-
gram
^ Dioxin and the Mobile Incineration
System
^ Mobile Carbon Regeneration System
^ Mobile Soils Washing System
^> Mobile In Situ Containment/ Treat-
ment Unit
Mail this form (vnfh check) to: •
Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation
Atta: Ms. Maria WitkowsM
8 Peach Tree Hill Eoad
Livingston, NJ 07039
Videotape Request Form
SI SITE Program Tape
S2 SITE Program Tape
S3 SITE Program Tape
S4 SITE Program Tape
S5 SITE Program Tape
S6 SITE Program Tape
S7 SITE Program Tape
Rl RREL/RCB
Research Programs
Tape
$30.00
$30.00
$30.00
$30.00
$30.00
$30.00
$30.00
$30.00
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Handling
Intl
Orders
$5.00 charge
per tape
International
surcharge per tape
$5.00
$10.00
Total Lost ^_
Ship to:
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-------
Trade Name Index and Applicability Index
The following pages contain the Trade Name Index and the Applicability Index. The Trade Name Index cross-
references all technologies that are registered or have a copyright, registered trademark, or service mark.
Former company names and former technology names are also cross-referenced in the index. The volume
number is given for each entry, followed by the page number. In addition, all former technology names are
shown with their current names in parentheses.
The Applicability Index is organized by three different levels. The first level is media, the second is waste, and
the third is technology type. The 12 media categories include the following: (1) air, (2) gas, (3) leachate, (4)
liquid, (5) mine tailings, (6) other, (7) sediment, (8) sludge, (9) soil, (10), solids, (11) water, and (12)
wastewater. The 19 contaminant categories include the following: (1) aromatic VOCs, (2) cyanide, (3) dioxins,
(4) explosives, (5) furans, (6) halogenated VOCs, (7) heavy metals, (8) herbicides, (9) hydrocarbons, (10)
metals, (11) other, (12) PAHs, (13) PCBs, (14) PCPs, (15) pesticides, (16) petroleum hydrocarbons, (17)
radionuclides, (18) SVOCs, and (19) VOCs. The 14 technology type categories include the following: (1)
biological degradation, (2) cone penetrometers, (3) field portable x-ray fluorescence, (4) materials handling, (5)
other, (6) physical/chemical, (7) physical/chemical biological degradation, (8) physical/chemical radioactive
waste treatment, (9) physical/chemical thermal desorption, (10) portable gas chromatographs, (11)
solidification/stabilization, (12) spectrometers, (13) test kits, and (14) thermal destruction.
To use the Applicability Index, a three-step search must be completed. For example, to search for thermal
desorption technologies that clean up soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), first look under
soil, then PCBs, and finally physical/chemical thermal desorption.
Page 155
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TRADE NAME INDEX
Company/Technology Name
Volume. Page Number
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process VI, 180
ABB Environmental Services, Inc. (see Harding Lawson Associates) V2,50
Accutech Remedial Systems, Inc. (see ARS Technologies) VI, 24
Acid Extraction Treatment System V2,30
Acoustic Barrier Particulate Separator. V2,48
Active Environmental, Inc VI, 20
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction Process V2,74
Adsorptive Filtration V2,110
AEA Technology Environment V2,16
AIR-n (Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction) Process VI, 200
AIR-n (Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction) Process V2,74
Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone V2, 82
AirSentry Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer V3,28
ALCOA Separation Technology, Inc. (see Media & Process Technology) V2,78
AlgaSORB© Biological Sorption V2, 96
Alternating Current Electrocoagulation Technology V2, 92
Aluminum Company of America (see Media & Process Technology) V2,78
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent V2,116
American Combustion, Inc VI, 22
AMS™ Dual-Tube Liner Soil Sampler V3,16
Anaerobic-Aerobic Sequential Bioremediation of PCE V2,50
Anaerobic Thermal Processor VI, 150
Analytical and Remedial Technology, Inc : V3,14
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Mercury in Soil V3, 58
Arctic Foundations, Inc VI, 190
Arizona State University/Zentox Corporation V2,18
ARS Technologies, Inc VI, 24
ART International, Inc . V2,20
Art's Manufacturing and Supply V3,16
Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (Chemical Treatment and Ultrafiltration) V2,22
Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate Treatment) V2,24
Augmented In Situ Subsurface Bioremediation Process VI, 34
Automated Sampling and Analytical Platform V3,14
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition Process ;.., VI, 116
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal Extraction V2, 64
Battelle Memorial Institute V2,26
Bergmann, A Division of Linatex, Inc VI, 26
Berkeley Environmental Restoration Center. VI, 28
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction Technology VI, 104
Billings and Associates, Inc VI, 30
BiMelze® Mercury Immunoassay V3,18
Binax Corporation, Antox Division (see Idetek, Inc.) , V3,46
Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc V2,96
Bio-Rem, Inc. VI, 34
Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas Treatment V2,94
BioGenesis Enterprises, Inc VI, 32
BioGenesisSM Soil and Sediment Washing Process VI, 32
Biological Aqueous Treatment System VI, 38
Biological/Chemical Treatment. V2,36
Page 157
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TRADE NAME INDEX (continued)
Biomineralization of Metals V2,130
Bionebraska, Inc V3,18
Bioscrubber. V2,78
Bioslurry Reactor. VI, 64
Biotherm Process™ VI, 36
Biotherm,LCC. .... VI,36
Bjptrpl® (Biological Aqueous Treatment System) .". VI, 38
Biotrol® (Soil Washing System) '. ." VI, 40
Biotrol® (Methanotrophic Bioreactor System) V2,28
Bioventing. '. • • • • • VI, 208
Brice Environmental Services Corporation VI, 42
Bruker Analytical Systems, Inc V3,20
BWX Technologies, Inc '. VI, 44
Calgon Carbon Advanced Oxidation Technologies VI, 46
CambellCentrifugalJig(CCJ) V2, 84
Canonic Environmental Services Corporation (see Smith Environmental Technologies Corporation) VI, 148
Carver-Greenfield Process® for Solvent Extraction of Wet, Oily Wastes (see Biotherm Process™) VI, 36
CAV-OX® Process ••••••• :••••• • •„• • • vl>108
Center for Hazardous Materials Research (Acid Extraction Treatment System) V2,30
Center for Hazardous Materials Research (Organics Destruction and Metals Stabilization) V2,32
Center for Hazardous Materials Research (see Concurrent Technologies) V2,34
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation System. VI, 170
CF Systems Corporation '..'. VI, 48
Chelation/Electrpdeposition of Toxic Metals from Soils V2,66
Chemfix Technologies, Inc VI, 50
Chemical pd Biological Treatment. '. '..'..'. V2,56
CjiemicalTreatmentandUltrafiltration ... V2,22
Chemical Waste Management, Inc. (see OHM Remediation Services Corp.) < Vl, 178
Chemical Waste Management, Inc. (see Wheelabrator Clean Air Systems, Inc.) VI, 136
CJiromated Cpp|er Arsenate Soil Leaching Process '. V2,76
Circulating Bed Combustor. 1 .. Vl, 80
Clay-Based Grouting Technology VI, 114
Clean Berkshires, Inc. (see Maxymillian Technologies, hie.) VI, 112
Clements, Inc.. V3,24
Cognis, Inc. (TERRAMET® Soil Remediation System) VI, 52
Cognis, Inc. (Biological/Chemical Treatment) V2,36
Cold-Top Ex Situ Vitrification of Chromium-Contaminated Soils VI, 86
Colloid Polishing Filter Method® (CPFM®) VI, 76
Colorado School of Mines VI, 54
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment VI, 54
Commodore Applied Technologies, Inc .". VI, 56
Compact Gas Chromatograph V3, 66
Concentrated Chloride Extraction and Recovery of Lead V2,136
Concurrent Technologies V2,34
Constructed Wetlands-Based Treatment, ..'..' "......... Vl, 54
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and Adsorption Process V2, 114
Core Barrel Soil Sampler. V3, 62
Cross-flow Pervaporation System VI, 182
Cryogenic Barrier. VI, 190
C-THRU Technologies Corporation V3,22
CURE International, Inc VI, 58
Page 7S8
-------
TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
CURE® - Electrocoagulation Wastewater Treatment System VI, 58
Cyclone Furnace VI 44
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation Technology VI, 90
Debris Washing System VI, 122
Dechlorination and Immobilization VI, 78
Dehydro-Tech Corporation (see Biotherm, LCC). VI, 36
Desorption and Vapor Extraction System (DAVES) VI, 220
Dexsil Corporation V3 26
DOW Environmental, Inc. (See Radian International LLC) VI, 138
Duke Engineering and Services, Inc VI, 192
E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company, and Oberlin Filter Company VI, 60
Dynaphore, Inc VI, 62
Ecova Corporation VI, 64
EET, Inc. (see Active Environmental, Inc.) VI, 20
EG&G Environmental, Inc. (See Mactec-SBP Technologies Company, L.L.C.) VI, 204
Electro-Pure Systems, Inc V2,92
Electrochemical Peroxidation of PCB-Contaminated Sediments and Waters V2,98
Electroheat-EnhancedNonaqueous-Phase Liquids Removal VI, 196
Electrokinetic Soil Processing. VI, 66
Electrokinetics, Inc. (Electrokinetic Soil Processing) VI, 66
Electrokinetics, Inc. (In Situ Bioremediation by Electrokinetic Injection) V2,120
Electron Beam Research Facility, Florida International University and University of Miami
(see High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc.) VI, 94
Eli Eco Logic Inc VI, 68
Eli Eco Logic International Inc VI, 70
Emflux® Soil-Gas Survey System V3,54
Energia, Inc. (Reductive Photo-Dechlorination Treatment) V2,38
Energia, Inc. (Reductive Thermal and Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes for Enhanced
Conversion of Chlorocarbons) : V2, 122
Energy and Environmental Engineering, Inc V2,112
Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (Hybrid Fluidized Bed System) V2,40
Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (Reactor Filter System) V2,42
Ensys Penta Test System V3,68
Ensys Environmental Products, Inc. (see Strategic Diagnostic) V3,68
Enviro-Sciences Systems, Inc ' V2,20
Envirobond™ Solution VI, 222
EnviroGard Corporation (see Strategic Diagnostic) V3,70
EnviroGard™ PCB Immunoassay Test Kit V3, 70
EnviroMetal Technologies, Inc. (In Situ and Ex Situ Metal-Enhanced Abiotic Degradation of
Dissolved Halogenated Organic Compounds in Groundwater) VI, 72
EnviroMetal Technologies, Inc. (Reactive Barrier) VI, 194
Environmental Technologies Group, Inc V3,28
Environmental BioTechnologies, Inc V2,44
Environmental Test Kits V3,26
EPOC Water, Inc Vl' 74
Equate® Immunoassay , V3,46
Excavation Techniques and Foam Suppression Methods VI, 166
Ex Situ Biovault VI, 126
EXXFLOW : VI, 74
Page 159
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
ForroCorporation....". • • • • V2,46
Field Analytical Screening Program- PCS method "..' '."........ V3,78
Field Analytical Screening Program- PCP method.. ". • 1.... V3, 80
Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzers • V3,48
Filter Flow Technology, Inc • • VI, 76
Flame Reactor. VI, 96
Fluid Extraction-Biological Degradation Process V2,58
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic Agglomerating Combustor V2,60
FORAGER® Sponge VI, 62
Ffequency-Tunable Pulse Combustion System VI, 154
Fugro Geosciences, Inc '. V3, 30
Funderburk & Associates • • • VI, 78
Fungal Degradation Process V2,44
Fungal Treatment Technology. • • V1> 12°
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction Process VI, 68
General Atomics, Nuclear Remediation Technologies Division V2,48
General Atomics VI, 80
Geo-Con, Inc VI, 82
Geo-Microbial Technologies, Inc • V2,124
Geokinetics International, Inc • • • • • VI, 196
QepMeltVitrification. .."• • •'••'••"• • •'•: ; • • •"• Vl>84
Geoprobe Systems (Large Bore Soil Sampler) V3,32
Gjsoprobe Systems (Geoprobe Soil Conductivity Sensor) '. '• V3, 34
Geoprobe Soil Conductivity Sensor " V3,34
Geosafe Corporation VI, 84
GeoTech Development Corporation VI, 86
CiHEA Associates Process • V2, 86
GISNKEY™ Environmental Data Management System VI, 88
evolutions, Inc.. VI, 88
GORE-SORBER® Screening Survey • • V3, 82
Grace Bioremedjatiqn Technologies . . .. 1 VI, 90
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.^ and PCP, Inc V3,36
Gruppo Italimpresse VI, 92
Hanby Environmental Laboratory Procedures, Inc V3,38
Harding Lawson Associates • V2,48
Hazardous Substance Management Research Center at New Jersey Institute of Technology
and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey V2,52
Hazcon, Inc. (see Funderburk & Associates) VI, 78
Hewtitt-Packard Company. 1 '• • • • • • • •....!......- V3,40
High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc. (High-Energy Electron Irradiation) VI, 94
High Voltage Environmental Applications, Inc. (High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation) V2,54
High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation '. V2, 54
High Energy Electron Irradiation VI, 94
HNU Systems Inc. (HNU Source Excited Flourescence Analyzer-Portable [SEFA-P] X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer) V3,42
HNU Systems Inc. (HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas Chromatograph) V3,44
Hl^U Source Excited Fluorescence Analyser-Portable [SEFA-P] X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer V3,42
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas Chromatograph V3,44
Horsehead Resource Development Co., Inc VI, 96
HRUBETZEnvironmental Services, Inc "•'•' VI, 98
Page 160
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
HRUBOUT® Process VI, 98
Hughes Environmental Systems, Inc VI, 100
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System V2,40
Hydraulic Fracturing •. VI, 124
Idetek, Inc : V3,46
IIT Research Institute/Brown Root Environmental VI, 102
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal-Enhanced Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved Halogenated Organic
Compounds in Groundwater VI, 72
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum Extraction VI, 160
In Situ Bioremediation by Electrokinetic Injection V2,120
In Situ Bioventing Treatment System VI, 130
In Situ Electrokinetic Extraction System VI, 224
In Situ Electroacoustic Soil Decontamination V2,26
In Situ Enhanced Bioremediation of Groundwater. VI, 198
In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water. V2,108
In Situ Soil Treatment (Steam and Air Stripping) VI, 134
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization Process A VI, 82
In Situ Steam Enhanced Extraction Process , VI, 28
In Situ Thermally Enhanced Extraction (TEE) Process VI, 216
In Situ Vitrification VI, 84
Infrared Thermal Destruction VI, 92
Institute of Gas Technology (Chemical and Biological Treatment) V2,56
Institute of Gas Technology (Fluid Extraction-Biological Degradation Process) V2, 58
Institute of Gas Technology (Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic Agglomerating Combiistor) V2, 60
Institute of Gas Technology (Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation). V2, 62
Integrated AquaDetox Steam Vacuum Stripping and Soil Vapor Extraction/Reinjection VI, 138
Ion Mobility Spectrometry V3,36
Ionics RCC . . .. VI, 104
IT Corporation (Batch Steam Distillation and Metal Extraction) V2, 64
IT Corporation (Chelation/Electrodeposition of Toxic Metals from Soils) V2, 66
IT Corporation (Mixed Waste Treatment Process) V2, 68
IT Corporation (Photolytic and Biological Soil Detoxification) V2,70
IT Corporation (Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor) V2,72
IT Corporation (Oxygen Microbubble hi Situ Bioremediation) V2,126
ITT Night Vision VI, 198
JMC Environmentalist's Subsoil Probe V3,24
KAI Technologies, Inc./Brown and Root Environmental VI, 106
KSE, Inc VI, 200
KSE, Inc.. . V2,24
Large Bore Soil Sampler V3,32
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation VI, 202
Lasagna™ Public-Private Partnership VI, 202
Lewis Environmental Services, IncTHickson Corporation V2,76
Liquid and Soils Biological Treatment VI, 140
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction (LG-SX) Technology VI, 48
Loral Corporation (see Fugro Geosciences, Inc.) V3,30
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration (LTTA®) VI, 148
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment System (LT3®). VI, 174
Low-Energy Extraction Process (LEEP®) V2,20
Page 161
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment Process . VI, 228
Mactec-SBP Technologies Company, L.L.C VI, 204
Magnum Water Technology VI, 108
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc. (Photocatalytic Water Treatment) VI, 110
Matrix Photocatalytic Inc. (Photocatalytic Air Treatment) VI, 206
Maxymillian Technologies, Inc VI, 112
Media & Process Technology. V2,78
Membrane Filtration and Bioremediation.. VI, 144
Membrane Microfilu-ation VI, 60
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc V2, 80
Metal Analysis Probe (MAP®) Portable Assayer. V3,22
Metal Analysis Probe (MAP®) Spectrum Assayer. V3,22
tyletals fonmobiiizatiqn and Decontamination of Aggregate Solids (MelDAS). .' V2, 88
Jyfetals Release |nd Removal from Wastes V2,124
|lethanotrophic Bioreactor System V2,28
Metorex, Inc. '. V3,48
Microsensor Systems, Incorporated. V3, 50
Mixed Waste Treatment Process V2,68
Mobile Environmental Monitor. V3,20
Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology (Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone) V2,82
Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology (Cambell Centrifugal Jig) V2, 84
Morrison Knudsen Corporation/Spetstamponazhgeologia Enterprises VI, 114
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor. V3, 50
MTI Analytical Instrument, Inc. (see Hewlitt-Packard Company) V3,40
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (Base-Catalyzed Decomposition Process) VI, 116
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (Volume Reduction Unit) VI, 118
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (Bioventing) VI, 208
||atioriai JUsk tjianagement Research Laboratory and Intech 180 Corporation VI, 120
National Risk Management Research Laboratory and IT Corporation VI, 122
National Risk Management Research Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, and FRX, Inc VI, 124
New Jersey Institute of Technology V2,86
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation/ENSR Consulting and
Engineering and Larsen Engineers VI, 126
t|ew, Yprk State Department of Environmental Conservation/SBP Technologies, Inc VI, 128
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation/R.E. Wright Environmental, Inc VI, 130
Niton Corporation V3, 52
North American Technologies Group, Inc VI, 132
tiovaterra Associates., ." ." ..." VJ, 134
NoVOCs™ In-Well Stripping Technology .". .". '.".. Vl' 204
OHM Remediation Services Corporation (X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption) VI, 136
QHM Remediation Services Corporation (see IT Corporation) V2,126
Ohmicron Corporation (see Strategic Diagnostic) V3,72
Oleophilic Amine-Coated Ceramic Chip VI, 132
Organic Stabilization and Chemical Fixation/Solidification VI, 156
Organics Destruction and Metals Stabilization V2,32
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ Bioremediation V2,126
PCB- and Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil Detoxification V2,104
PJEPhotovac Voyager Portable Gas Chromatograph .. ..'...'..' V3,56
PENTA RISc Test System (see EnsysPenta Test System) V3^ 68
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation Technology VI, 46
,MH" i' ' I' i"' I. '' h! ' , . I I i
Page 162
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Photocatalytic Air Treatment VI, 206
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air Stripping V2,18
Photocatalytic Water Treatment VI, 110
PhotoCAT™ Process V2,112
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and Removal V2,138
Photolytic and Biological Soil Detoxification V2,70
Photolytic Destruction of Vapor-Phase Halogens : VI, 218
Photolytic Oxidation Process V2,102
Photothermal Detoxification Unit V2,106
Photovac International, Inc (see Photovac Monitoring Instruments) V3,56
Photovac Monitoring Instruments V3,56
Phytokinetics, Inc. (Phytoremediation Process) VI, 210
Phytokinetics, Inc. (Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils) V2,128
Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils ' V2,128
Phytoremediation of TCE-Contaminated Shallow Groundwater. VI, 234
Phytoremediation Process VI, 210
Phytoremediation Technology VI, 212
Phytotech VI, 212
Pintail Systems, hie. (Spent Ore Bioremediation Process) : VI, 214
Pintail Systems, Inc. (Biomineralization of Metals) ; V2,130
Pneumatic Fracturing and Bioremediation Process V2,52
Pneumatic Fracturing ExtractionSM and Catalytic Oxidation VI, 24
PO*WW*ER™ Technology VI, 178
Portable Gas Analyzer/HP Micro GC V3,40
Praxis Environmental Technologies, Inc VI, 216,
Precipitation, Microfiltration, and Sludge Dewatering VI, 74
Process Technologies Incorporated •• VI, 218
PSI Technologies, A Division of Physical Sciences Inc V2, 88
Pulse Sciences, hie. (X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous Solutions) V2,90
Pulse Sciences, Inc. (X-Ray Treatment of Organically Contaminated Soils) V2,132
Purus, Inc. (see Thermatrix, hie.) V2,102
PYRETON® Thermal Destruction '. VI, 22
PYROKELN THERMAL ENCAPSULATION Process V2,100
Quadrel Services, hie .; V3,54
Radian International LLC VI, 138
Radio Frequency Heating (from ITT Research Institute/Brown and Root Environmental) VI, 102
Radio Frequency Heating (from KAI Technologies, Inc./Brown and Root Environmental) VI, 106
Radiometer Analytical Group V3,58
Rapid Optical Screening Tool V3,30
RaPID Assay® V3,72
Reactive Barrier. , VI, 194
Reactor Filter System V2,42
RECRA Environmental, Inc : V2,92
Recycling Sciences International, hie VI, 220
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination Treatment. V2,38
Page 163
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Reductive Thermal and Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes for Enhanced
Conversion of Chforocarbons V2,122
Remediation Technologies, Inc. (Liquid and Solids Biological Treatment) VI, 140
Remediation Technologies, Inc. (Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas Treatment) V2,94
Resource Management & Recovery V2,96
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module System VI, 142
Rochem Separation Systems, Inc , VI, 142
Rocky Mountain Remediation Services, L.L.C.. . . . VI, 222
The SABRE™ (Simplot Anaerobic Biological Remediation) Process VI, 146
Sandia National Laboratories \ VI, 224
SBP Technologies, Inc ..'. VI, 144
SCAPS Cone Penetrometer V3,64
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas Chromatograph V3, 60
SCITEC Corporation (see C-THRU Technologies Corporation) V3,22
SEFA-P (Source Excited Fluorescence Analyzer-Portable) V3,42
Segmented Gate System V2,134
Selentec Environmental Technologies, Inc VI, 226
Selentec MAG*^31" Technology . . '. VI, 226
Sentex Systems, Inc V3,60
Sevenson Environmental Services, Inc VI, 228
Shirco Infrared Systems, Inc. (see Gruppo Italimpresse) VI, 92
Silicate Technology Corporation (see STC Remediation, Inc.) VI, 156
J.R. Simplot Company VI, 146
Simulprobe® Technologies, Inc V3, 62
Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) V3, 76
Siye Services. VI, 230
Smelting Lead-Containing Waste V2,34
Smith Environmental Technologies Corporation VI, 148
Soil and Sediment Washing VI, 26
Soil Recycling.. '"..'.". '.".'.'...'...... VI, 164
Soil Rescue Remediation Fluid VI, 232
Soil Separation and Washing Process V2,16
Soiltech ATP Systems, Inc VI, 150
Soil Washing Process . VI, 42
Soil Washing System. VI, 40
Solidification and Stabilization (from Chemfix Technologies, Inc.) VI, 50
Solidification and Stabilization (from Soliditech, Inc.) .... VI, 152
Solidification and Stabilization (from Wastech, Inc.) VI, 172
Sqliditech, Inc... .... ..." , ....'".';.". VI, 152
Solvated Electron Technology, SET™ Remediation System VI, 56
Sqjy^nt Extraction Treatment System VI, 158
Sonotech, Inc... VI, 154
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center V3,64
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process VI, 214
SRI Instruments V3,66
Star Organics, L.L.C VI, 232
State University of New York at Oswego, Environmental Research Center V2, 98
Steam Injection and Vacuum Extraction VI, 230
Page 164
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
STC Remediation, Inc VI, 156
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process VI, 100
Strategic Diagnostic, Inc. (Ensys Penta Test System) V3,68
Strategic Diagnostic, Inc. (EnviroGard™ PCS Immunoassay Test Kit) V3,70
Strategic Diagnostic, Inc. (RaPid Assay®) V3,72
Subsurface Volatilization and Ventilation System (SWS®) VI, 30
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase Oxidation V2,62
Surfactant Enhanced Aquifer Remediation of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids VI, 192
Svedala Industries, Inc V2,100
TECHXTRACT® Process VI, 20
Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor. V2,72
Terra-Kleen Response Group, hie VI, 158
TERRAMET® Soil Remediation System VI, 52
Terra Vac VI, 160
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants in Soil and Water. V3,38
Texaco Gasification Process '. VI, 162
Texaco Inc VI, 162
THERM-O-DETOX® System VI, 116
Thermal Desorption System VI, 112
Thermal Desorption Unit VI, 70
Thermatrix, Inc V2,102
Thermo Nutech, Inc V2,134
TMA Thermo Analytical, Inc. (See Thermo Nutech, Inc.) • V2,134
TN 9000 and TN Pb X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzers V3,74
TNSpectrace V3,74
Toronto Harbour Commission VI, 162
Tri-Services V3,76
Trinity Environmental Technologies, Inc V2,104
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In Situ Treatment Strategy V2,50
Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate Treatment V2,24
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation VI, 168
Ultrox, A Division of Zimpro Environmental, Inc. (see U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox) VI, 168
United States Environmental Protection Agency (Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods) VI, 166
United States Environmental Protection Agency (Field Analytical Screening Program-PCB Method) V3,78
United States Environmental Protection Agency (Field Analytical Screening Program-PCP Method) V3,80
University of Houston V2,136
University of Dayton Research Institute. V2,106
University of Nebraska-Lincoln VI, 170
University of South Carolina V2,108
University of Washington V2,110
University of Wisconsin-Madison V2,138
U.S. Air Force VI, 234
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox VI, 168
U.S. Filter/Zimpro hie. (see U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox) VI, 168
UV Technologies, Inc V2,112
UVB System-Vacuum Vaporized Well VI, 176
Vacuum-Vaporized Well System ! VI, 128
VaporSep® Membrane Process V2, 80
Page 165
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TRADE NAME INDEX (Continued)
Vitrification Process VI, 236
Volume Reduction Unit. VI, 118
Vortec Corporation VI, 236
Vulcan Peroxidation Systems, Inc. (see Calgon Carbon Advanced Oxidation Technologies) VI, 46
W.L. Gore and Associates, Inc V3, 82
Waste Vitrification Through Electric Melting V2,46
Wiastech, Inc.. ........ VI, 172
Western Prpduct Recovery Group, Inc.. '..'... V2,114
Roy £ Weston, lac. (Low Temperature Thermal Treatment System) VI, 174
Roy F. Weston, fie. (Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent) V2,116
Roy F. Weston, IncTIEG Technologies 1 VI, 176
Wheetebrator Clean Air Systems, Inc VI, 178
Xerox Corporation VI, 180
X-Ray Treatment of Aqueous Solutions V2,90
X-Ray Treatment of Organically Contaminated Soils V2,132
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption '. .- VI, 136
XL Spectrum Analyzer. V3,52
Xontcch Incorporated V3,84
XwiTech Sector Sampler. V3, 84
ZenoGem™ Process VI, 184
Zenon Environmental Inc. (ZenoGem™ Process) VI, 184
Zenon Environmental Inc. (Cross-flow Pervaporation System) VI, 182
Page 166
< ij • li,i in < i ,r Jllilll Hi < i '.in i>' , ,„<, ,iiil 'l „, lull' I'll' '-I ; Jllilil nil! li i : I,
•! .i.i.!.i.i. i ilii!'i.n. '"i... " Illli' 'I i....MI .i. .!''!"'il .i
"iiliiili ' Mll'AJnJ11 ', ,,..l|"!ill:,i
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX
Media
Air
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
Dioxins
Treatment Type
Biological Degrad
ation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Technology Vendor
Media & Process
Technology
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
U.S. EPA
ARS Technologies, Inc.
3nergia, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
[nc.
Membrane Technology
and Research, Inc.
Xerox Corporation
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Incorporated
Hewlitt-Packard
Company Analytical
Instruments
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd. and
PCP Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics Ltd., and
PCP, Inc.
Technology
Bioscrubber
Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas
Treatment
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction and
Catalytic Oxidation
Reductive Thermal and
Photo-Thermal Oxidation for
Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VaporSep® Membrane Process
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Frequency-Tunable Pulse Combustion
System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Volume, Page
Number
. V2,78
V2.94
V1.166
.. VI, -24
V2.122
V1.200/
1 V2.24
1 VI ',206
V2,80
V1.180
V3.20
V3.42
V3.50
V3.40
V3.56
V3.60
V3.66
V3.36
V3.84
VI, 154
V2.106
VI, 166
VI, 206
V3,20
V3.36
Page 167
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Air
(continued)
Contaminants
Dioxins
(continued)
Furans
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
Thermal Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology Vendor
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Process Technologies,
Inc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Arizona State U./ Zentox
Corp.
Bnergia, Inc.
Energia, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Membrane Technology
and Research, Inc.
Thermatrix, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology. Inc.
Technology
Reactor Filter System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Reactor Filter System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas
Treatment
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photolytic Destruction of
Vapor-Phase Halogens
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination
Treatment
Reductive Thermal and
Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes
for Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VaporSep® Membrane Process
Photolytic Oxidation Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Volume, Page
Number
V2.42
V2.106
VI, 166
VI ,206
V3.20
V3.36
V2.42
V2.106
V2.94
VI ,166
V1.218
V1.24
V2.18
V2.38
V2.122
V1.200/
V2.24
VI, 206
V2,80
V2,102
V2.116
VI, 180
V3.20
V3,56
V3,60
Page 168
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Air
(continued)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
(continued)
Herbicides
Mercury
Metals
PAHs
PCBs
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
continued)
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Materials Handling
3hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Dortable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Contaminant Survey
systems
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Thermal Destruction
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology Vendor
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
J. of Dayton Research
nstitute
U.S. EPA
Vlatrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
J. of Dayton Research
institute
Quadrel Srvices, Inc.
U.S. EPA
General Atomics,
Nuclear Remediation
Technologies Division
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Incorporated
Hewlitt-Packard
Company
American Combustion,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corporation
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Technology
Compact Gas Chromatograph
on Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
'hotothermal Detoxification Unit
ixcavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
ion Mobility Spectrometry
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Emflux® Soil-Gas Survey System
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Acoustic Barrier Particulate
Separator
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PYRETRON® Thermal Destruction
Reactor Filter Systems
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromato graph
Volume, Page
Number
V3.66
V3.36
V3,84
V2.106
VI, 166
VI, 206
V3,20
V3.36
V2,106
V3,54
VI, 166
V2,48
VI, 206
V3.42
V3.50
V3.40
VI ,22
V2,42
V3.20
V3.66
VI, 166
VI, 206
V3,20
V3,42
Page 169
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
.'"'UK Ti" . '"Hi!"1 '
n'1",.11 , ,!' '
I1 " ill.
Media
Air
(continued)
Contaminants
PCBs
(continued)
Pesticides
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(continued)
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Materials Handling
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
thermal Destruction
Technology Vendor
Microsensor Systems,
Incorporated
Hewlitt-Packard
Company
Sentex Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
SRI Instruments
Quadrel Srvices, Inc.
U.S. EPA
'rocess Technologies,
nc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
inergia, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
nstitute
Technology
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
[on Mobility Spectrometry
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Compact Gas Chromatographs
Emflux® Soil-Gas Survey System
Sxcavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
'hotolytic Destruction of
Vapor-Phase Halogens
'neumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Reductive Thermal and
'hoto-Thermal Oxidation Processes
or Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Vlobile Environmental Monitor
on Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
'requency-Turnable Pulse
Combustion System
'hotothermal Detoxification Unit
Volume, Page
Number
V3,50
V3.40
V3.60
V3.66
V3.36
V2.106
VI, 166
VI, 206
V3,20
V3.60
V3.66
V3.36
V2.106
V3.66
V3.54
VI, 166
V1.218
V1.24
V2.122
VI, 180
V3.20
V3,36
V3.84
VI, 154
V2,106
Page 170
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Air ,
(continued)
Contaminants
SVOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Contaminant Survey
systems
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Technology Vendor
Media & Process
Technology
Quadrel Srvices, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Process Technologies,
Inc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Arizona State U./ Zentox
Corp.
Energia, Inc.
Energia, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Membrane Technology
and Research, Inc.
Thermatrix, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Incorporated
Hewlitt-Packard
Company
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Environmental
Technologies Group,
Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd. ,
and PCP, Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Technology
Bioscrubber
Emflux® Soil-Gas Survey System
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photolytic Destruction of
Vapor-Phase Halogens
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination
Treatment
Reductive Thermal and
Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes
for Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VapdrSep® Membrane Process
Photolytic Oxidation Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 3 1 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
AirSentry Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometer
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Frequency-Tunable Pulse Combustion
System
Volume, Page
Number
V2,78
V3,54
V1.166
V1.218
VI ,24
V2.18
V2.38
V2.122
V1.200/
V2.24
V1.206
V2.80
V2.102
V2.116
V1.180
V3.20
V3.42
V3.50
V3.40
V3.56
V3.60
V3,66
V3,28
V3.36
V3.84
VI, 154
Page 171
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Gas
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
Dioxins
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Technology Vendor
Media & Process
Technology
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
U.S. EPA
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Energia, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
[nc.
Membrane Technology
and Research, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Incorporated
Hewlitt-Packard
Company
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.
XonTech, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Technology
Bioscrubber
Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas
Treatment
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Reductive Thermal and
Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes
for Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
process
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VaporSep® Membrane Process
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Frequency-Turnable Pulse
Combustion System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Reactor Filter System
Volume, Page
Number
V2.78
V2,94
VI, 166
VI, 24
V2,122
V1.200/
V2,24
VI ,206
V2,80
VI, 180
V3.20
V3.42
V3.50
V3,40
V3,56
V3,60
V3,66
V3.36
V3,84
VI, 154
V2.106
VI, 166
VI, 206
V3,20
V3.36
V2.42
Page 172
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Gas
(continued)
Contaminants
Dioxins
(continued)
Furans
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
Thermal Destruction
(continued)
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Technology Vendor
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
U. of Dayton Research
[nstitute
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Process Technologies,
Inc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Arizona State U./ Zentox
2orp,
Energia, Inc.
Bnergia, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Membrane Technology
and Research, Inc.
Thermatrix, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
r'hotovac Monitoring
instruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Technology
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor ,
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Reactor Filter System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Biofilm Reactor for Chlorinated Gas
Treatment
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photolytic Destruction of
Vapor-Phase Halogens
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination
Treatment
Reductive Thermal and
Photo-Thermal Oxidation process for
Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VaporSep® Membrane Process
Photolytic Oxidation Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
?E Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Volume, Page
Number
V2.106
VI, 166
VI, 206
V3.20
V3,36
V2,42
V2,106
V2.94
VI ,166
Vl,218
VI ,24
V2,18
V2.38
V2.122
VI, 2007
V2,24
V1.206
V2.80
V2.102
V2,116
VI, 180
V3.20
V3,56
V3.60
V3,66
V3,36
Page 173
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Gas
[continued)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
'continued)
Heavy Metals
Herbicides
Metals
PAHs
PCBs
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
(continued)
fhennal Destruction
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Materials Handling
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
vf aterials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Thermal Destruction
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology Vendor
XonTech, Inc.
J. of Dayton Research
Institute
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic
inc.
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
J. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
General Atomics,
Nuclear Remediation
Technologies Div.
Matrix Photocatalytic
[nc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Incorporated
Hewlitt-Packard
Company
American Combustion,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Sruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Microsensor Systems,
Incorporated
Hewlitt-Packard
Companv
Technology
XonTech Sector Sampler
'hotothermal Detoxification Unit
Mobile Environmental Monitor
ixcavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
'hotocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
on Mobility Spectrometry
?hotothermal Detoxification Unit
ixcavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Acoustic Barrier Particulate
Separator
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PYRETRON® Thermal Destruction
Reactor Filter System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
Volume, Page
Number
V3,84
V2.106
V3.20
VI, 166
VI, 206
V3.20
V3,36
V2.106
VI, 166
V2.48
VI, 206
V3.42
V3.50
V3.40
VI, 22
V2.42
V3.20
V3,66
VI, 166
VI, 206
V3,20
V3.42
V3.50
V3.40
Page 174
j.
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Gas
(contnued)
Contaminants
PCBs
(continued)
Pesticides
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
SVOCs
VOCs
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(continued)
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Material Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Material Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
Matrix Photocatalytic,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Process Technologies,
Inc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Bnergia, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
U. of Day ton Research
Institute
Media & Process
Technology
U.S. EPA
Process Technologies,
Inc.
Technology
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
[on Mobility Spectrometry
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photolytic Destruction of
Vapor-Phase Halogens
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Reductive Thermal and
Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes
for Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
'on Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Frequency-Turnable Pulse
Combustion System
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Bioscrubber
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Photolytic Destruction of
Vapor-Phase Halogens
Volume, Page
Number
V3.60
V3,66
V3.36
V2.106
VI, 166
VI, 206
V3.20
V3.60
V3,66
V3.36
V2.106
V3,66
VI, 166
V1.218
V1.24
V2.122
VI, 180
V3,20
V3.36
V3,84
VI, 154
V2.106
V2.78
VI, 166
Vl,218
Page 175
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Gas
(continued)
Ground
water
Contaminants
VOCs
(continued)
Aromatic VOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Arizona State U/ Zentox
Corp.
Energia, Inc.
Energia, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
[nc.
Vtembrane Technology
and Research, Inc.
Thermatrix, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.,
Microsensor Systems,
Incorporated
Hewlitt-Packard
Company
Photovac Monitoring
tnstruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Environmental
Technologies Group,
Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
XonTech, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Harding Lawson
Associates
Billings and Associates,
Inc.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Biotrol®
Technology
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination
Treatment
Reductive Thermal and
Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes
for Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Air Treatment
VaporSep® membrane Process
Photolytic Oxidation Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
MSI-301A Vapor Monitor
Portable Gas Analyzer
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
AirSentry Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometer
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
XonTech Sector Sampler
Frequency-Turnable Pulse
Combustion System
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Technology
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation Systems (SVVS®)
Augmented in Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Biological Aqueous Treatment
Svstem
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 24
V2,18
V2,38
V2.122
VI ,2007
V2.24
V1.206
V2,80
V2.102
V2.116
VI, 180
V3.20
V3,42
V3.50
V3,40
V3.56
V3,60
V3,66
V3.28
V3,36
V3,84
VI, 154
V2,48
VI, 30
V1.34
V1.38
Page 176
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
(continued)
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Electrokinetics, Inc.
New York State
Department of
Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental
Inc.
IT Corp.
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
rlughes Environmental
Systems, Inc.
NOVATERRA, Inc.
Jochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
inc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
iigh Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
iigh Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
nc.
'ulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
^erra Vac, Inc.
U. of Nebraska - Lincoln
Roy F. Weston,
nc./IEG Technologies
Technology
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
In Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
ZenoGem™ Process
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Hydraulic Fracturing
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
In Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
iochem Disc Tube™ Module System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
rradiation
Iigh Energy Electron Irradiation
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
'hotocatalytic Water Treatment
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
n Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation System
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
Volume, Page
Number
V2.120
VI, 130
V2.126
VI, 184
V3.82
VI, 124
VI, 100
VI, 134
VI, 142
VI, 150
VI ,24
VI, 48
V2.54
VI, 94
V1.200/
V2,24
V1.110
V2.90
VI, 144
VI, 160
VI, 170
VI, 176
Page 177
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(continued)
Cyanide
Diesel
Dioxins
Treatment Type
'hysical/Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Xerox Corp.
ZENON Environmental
nc.
Analytical and Remedial
Technology, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.,
Hewlitt-Packard
Company
Photovac Monitoring
instruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
•nc.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Pintail Systems, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
SIVE Services
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Technology
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and Analytical
iMatform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
'ortable Gas Analyzer
3E Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
ton Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Spent ore Bioremediation process
Hydraulic Fracturing
Electroheat-Enhanced Nonaqueous
Phase Liquids Removal
Steam Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
GAS-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 180
VI, 182
V3.14
V3,20
V3.42
V3,40
V3,56
V3.60
V3.66
V3.78
VI, 178
V3,36
V3,38
VI, 162
V2,106
VI, 214
VI, 124
VI, 196
VI, 230
Vl,68
VI, 150
VI, 48
Vl,94
Page178
Jit
',:,; 1
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
Dioxins
(continued)
Explosives
Furans
Gasoline
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
'hermal Destruction
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Technology Vendor
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
[nc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
STew Jersey Institute of
Technology
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
Eli Eco Logic Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
he.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Vlatrix Photocatalytic
nc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc. Corp.
3WX Technologies, Inc.
J. of Dayton Research
nstitute
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
Technology
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
[on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
GHEA Associates Process
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Volume, Page
Numbsr
VI, 110
V1.144
V3,20
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.72
V1.44
V2.106
V3.82
V2.86
V1.168
VI, 68
VI, 150
VI, 48
VI, 94
VI, 110
VI, 144
V3.20
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.72
VI, 44
V2.106
V3.82
Page 179
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
continued)
Contaminants
Gasoline
continued)
lalogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
5hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Biological
Degradation
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
nc.
IVE Services
ABB Environmental
ervices, Inc.
larding Lawson
Associates
Jio-Rem, Inc.
Biotrol®, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
New York State
Department of
Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental
Inc.
IT Corp.
U.S. Air Force
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
Lasagna™ Public-Private
Partnership
Hughes Environmental
Systems, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
Technology
[ydraulic Fracturing
team Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
Anaerobic-Aerobic Sequential
Uoremediation of PCE
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, Inc
Situ Treatment Technology
Augmented in Situ Subsurface
Jioremediation Process
Methanotrophic Bioreactor System
n Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
n Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
'hytoremediation of
TCE-Contaminated Shallow
Groundwater
ZenoGem™ Process
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Hydraulic Fracturing
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
In Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 124
VI, 230
V2.50
V2,48
VI ,34
V2,28
V2,120
VI, 130
V2.126
VI, 234
VI, 184
V3.82
VI, 124
VI, 202
VI, 100
VI, 106
V2,86
VI, 134
VI, 150
Page 180
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
ortable Gas
Chromatographs
olidification/
tabilization
Technology Vendor
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Arizona State U./ Zento
Corp.
CF Systems Corp.
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
U. of Nebraska - Lincoln
IV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
loy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
ZENON Environmental
nc.
Analytical and Remedial
^echnology, Inc.
5ruker Analytical
ystems, Inc.
hotovac Monitoring
nstruments
entex Sensing
'echnology, Inc.
RI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
vstems. Inc.
Technology
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds in
Groundwater
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
'recess
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
n Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation System
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and Analytical
latform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
E Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
centograph Plus n Portable Gas
hromatograph
ompact Gas Chromatograph
'ield Analytical Screening Program -
CB Method
O*WW*ER™ Technology
Volume, Page
VI, 24
V2.18
VI, 48
VI, 72
V2.54
VI, 94
VI, 2007
V2,24
VI, 110
V2.90
VI, 144
VI ,160
Vl,168
VI, 170
V2,112
V2.116
VI, 176
VI, 180
VI, 182
V3.14
V3,20
V3.56
V3.60
V3.66
V3.78
VI, 178
Page 181
-------
"If
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
lalogenated
VOCs
continued)
Heavy Metals
rlerbicides
Mercury
Metals
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
biological
Degradation
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Contaminant Survey
systems
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
nd PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc. Corp.
Texaco Inc.
J. of Dayton Research
nstitute
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
^asagna™
Public-Private
Partnership
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Quadrel Srvices, Inc.
Colorado Dept. of Public
Health and Environment
Technology
on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
?exaco Gasification Process
'hotothermal Detoxification Unit
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
n Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
'hytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
ZenoGem™ Process
..asagna™ in Situ Soil Remediation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'recess
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
rligh Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
[on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Emflux® Soil-Gas Survey System
Constructed Wetlands-Based
Treatment
Volume, Page
Number
V3.36
V3.72
VI, 162
V2.106
V3,20
Vl,38
V2.120
V2.128
VI, 184
VI, 202
V1.68
VI, 150
VI ,48
VI, 94
VI, 110
VI, 144
V3,20
VI, 178
V3,36
V3,72
VI, 44
V2.106
V3.54
VI, 54
Page 182
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
Metals
(continued)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
(continued)
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
ortable Gas
hromatographs
Technology Vendor
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Resource Management &
Recovery
Metorex, Inc.
Lasagna™ Public-
Private Partnership
Filter Flow Technology,
Inc.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
E.I. DuPont de Nemours
and Co, and Oberlin
Filter Co.
Dynaphore, inc.
EnviroMetal
^echnologies, Inc.
EPOC Water, Inc.
Cure International, Inc.
Lewis Environmental
ervices, Inc./ Hickson
Corp.
Matrix Photocatalytic
nc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
logia Enterprises/STG
technologies
RECRA Environmental,
nc.
elentec Environmental
echnologies, Inc.
U. of Washington
U. of Wisconsin -
Vladison
NU Systems, Inc.
ewlitt-Packard
omoanv
Technology
Biomineralization of Metals
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
AlgaSORB® Biological Sorption
Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Colloid Polishing Filter Method®
GHEA- Associates Process
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module System
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Membrane Microfiltration
FORAGER® Sponge
ieactive Barrier
'recipitation, Microfiltration, and
ludge Dewatering
CURE® Electrocoagulation
Wastewater Treatment System
Chromated Copper Arsenate Soil
Beaching Process
hotocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
.Iternatjng Current
lectrocoagulation Technology
elentec MAG*SEP Technology
dsorptive Filtration
iiotoelectrocatalytic Degradation and
emoval
NUGC 3 importable Gas
tiromatograph
ortable Gas Analyzer
Volume, Page
V2.130
VI ,214
V2.96
V3.48
VI ,202
VI, 76
V2.86
VI, 142
V2,22
VI, 60
VI, 62
VI, 194
VI ,74
VI ,58
V2,76
VI, 110
VI, 114
V2.92
VI, 226
V2.110
V2.138
V3.42
V3.40
Page 183
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
I >!!!"•
1 Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
Metals
continued)
Organics
AHs
PCBs
Treatment Type
olidification/
tabilization
Ihermal Destruction
hysical/Chemical
'reatment
ontaminant Survey
ystems
hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Jiological
Degradation
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Wheelabrator Clean Air
ystems, Inc.
WX Technologies, Inc.
Juke Engineering and
ervices, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
BP Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
ystems, Inc.
RI Instruments
nstitute of Gas
Technology
'hytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
Vletorex, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
STew Jersey Institute of
Technology
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/STG
Technologies
Technology
O*WW*ER™ Technology
yclone Furnace
urfactant Enhanced Aquifer
emediation of Nonaqueous Phase
Jquids
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Electroheat-Enhanced Nonaqueous
base Liquids Removal
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Phytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
Phytoremediation Process
ZenoGem™ Process
Field portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
jerox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
jquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Volume, Page
Number
VI ,178 1
VI, 44
VI, 192
V3.82
VI, 196
VI, 144
V3,20
V3.66
V2,56
V2,128
V1.210
VI, 184
V3,48
V1.68
VI, 106
V2.86
VI, 150
V1.46
VI, 48
V2,54
VI, 94
VI, 110
VI, 114
Page 184
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
PCBs
(continued)
PCP
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Test Kits
biological
Degradation
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Technology Vendor
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
Broker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Hewlitt-Packard
Company
Sentex Sensing
Technology, inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedures,
[nc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
U.S. EPA
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
nstitute of Gas
Technology
'hytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
nc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
; Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidations
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation anc
Removal
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Portable Gas Analyzer
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Pield Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Membrane Filtration and
Jioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
'ield Analytical Screening Program -
PCP Method
Ensys Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
n Situ Bioremediation by
ilectrokinetic Injections
Chemical and Biological Treatment
'hytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
Phytoremediation Process
ZenoGem™ Process
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 144
VI, 168
V2,138
V3,20
V3.42
V3.40
V3.60
V3,66
V3,78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.38
VI, 44
V2,106
VI, 144
VI, 168
V3.80
V3.68
V3,72
V1.38
V2.120
V2,56
V2,128
VI, 210
VI, 184
V3.82
Page 185
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
Pesticides
continued)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Technology Vendor
iLI Eco Logic Inc.
CAI Technologies,
nc. /Brown and Root
Environmental
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
VIorrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
U. of Wisconsin -
Vladison
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
W.L. Gore and
Associates. Inc.
Technology
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'rocess
ladio Frequency heating
Anaerobic Thermal Process
terox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
jquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
ligh-Energy Electron Beam
rradiation
ligh-Energy Electron Irradiation
'hotocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
vlembrane Filtration and
Sioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and
Removal
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
ton Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Volume, Page
Number
V1.68
VI, 106
VI, 150
VI, 46
VI, 48
V2,54
V1.94
VI, 110
VI, 114
VI, 144
VI, 168
V2.138
V3,20
V3.60
V3.66
V3.78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3,68
V3.38
VI, 44
V2.106
V3.82
Page 186
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
(continued)
Radionuclides
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Test Kits
Physical/ Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Physical/ Chemical
Tiermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, the U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
SIVE Services
SRI Instruments
tdetek, Inc.
Filter Flow Technology,
Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Selentec Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Warding Lawson
Associates
Biotrol®
nstitute of Gas
Technology
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conser vation/R. E.
Wright Environmental
nc.
TCorp.
ZENON Environmental
nc.
Quadrel Srvices, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
iLI Eco Logic Inc.
KAI Technologies,
nc./Brown and Root
Environmental
Technology
Hydraulic Fracturing
GHEA Associates Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Blectroheat-Enhanced Nonaqueous
Phase Liquids Removal
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Steam Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Equate® Immunoassay
Colloid Polishing Filter Method
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Selentec MAG* SEP Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Technology
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
Chemical and Biological Treatment
n Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
ZenoGem™ Process
Emflux Soil-Gas Survey System
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'recess
Radio Frequency Heating
Volume, Page
^^iimbcr
VI, 124
V2.86
VI, 46
VI, 196
VI, 144
VI, 230
V3,66
V3.46
VI, 76
V2.22
VI, 226
VI, 44
V2.48
V1.38
V2.56
VI, 130
V2.126
VI, 184
V3.54
V3.82
V1.68
VI, 106
Page 187
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX '(continued)
Media
Ground
water
'continued)
Contaminants
SVOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
'hysical/Chemical
Thermal Desorption
continued)
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Other
Technology Vendor
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc.
SIVE Services
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
J. of Wisconsin -
vladison
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Analytical and Remedial
Technology, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Berkeley Environmental
Restoration Center
Technology
GHEA Associates Process
n Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
Steam Injection and Vacuum
ixtraction
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™1
and Catalytic Oxidation
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Jquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
[n Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and
Removal
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Automated Sampling and Analytical
Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Texaco Gasification process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
In Situ Steam Enhanced Extraction
Process
Volume, Page
Number
V2,86
VI, 134
VI, 230
VI, 150
VI, 24
VI ,46
VI, 48
V2.54
V1.94
V2.90
VI, 144
VI, 160
V2.138
VI, 176
VI, 180
V3,14
V3.20
V3,78
VI, 178
V3,36
V3.72
VI, 44
VI, 162
V2.106
V1.28
Srt'UJ':
Page 188
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
VOCs
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Contaminant Survey
systems
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
Billings and Associates,
Inc.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
New York State Dept. of
Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental,
Inc.
New York State
Department of
Environmental
Conservation/SBP
Technologies
IT Corp.
ITT Night Vision
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
U.S. Air Force
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
Quadrel Srvices, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
Hughes Environmental
Systems, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc.
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Technology
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation System (SVVS® )
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
In Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Vacuum- Vaporized Well System
Oxygen Microbubble Li Situ
Bioremediation
In Situ Enhanced Bioremediation of
Groundwater
Phytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
Phytoremediation Process
Phytoremediation of
TCE-Contaminated Shallow
Groundwater
ZenoGem™ Process
Emflux Soil-Gas Survey System
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Hydraulic Fracturing
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
In Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module System
Volume, Page
Number,
V1.30
VI, 34
Vl,38
V2.120
V1.130
VI, 128
V2.126
VI, 198
V2.128
Vl,210
VI, 234
VI, 184
V3,54
V3.82
VI, 124
VI, 100
VI, 106
V2,86
V1.134
VI, 142
Page 189
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Contaminants
VOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal Desorption
(continued)
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
SIVE Services
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Arizona State U./ Zentox
Corp.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
MACTEC-SBP
Technologies Company,
L.L.C.
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Vlorrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/STG
Technologies
'ulse Sciences, Inc.
ladian International
LCC
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
U. of Nebraska - Lincoln
JV Technologies, Inc.
loy F. Weston, Inc.
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Technology
Steam Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Reactive Barrier
No VOCs™ In-Well Stripping
Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds in
Groundwater
ilectroheat-Enhanced Nonaqueous
Phase Liquids Removal
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
'rocess
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Integrated Vapor Extraction and
Steam Vacuum Stripping and Soil
Vapor Extraction/Reinjection
vlembrane Filtration and
Sioremediation
n Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
ixtraction
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation System
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
JVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 230
VI, 150
VI, 24
V2.18
VI, 46
Vl,48
VI, 194
VI, 204
VI, 72
VI, 196
V1.94
V1.200/
V2.24
VI, 110
VI, 114
V2,90
VI, 138
VI, 144
VI, 160
VI, 168
VI, 170
V2.112
V2.116
VI, 176
VI, 180
Page 790
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Ground
water
(continued)
Leachate
Contaminants
VOCs
(continued)
Other
Aromatic VOCs
Treatment Type
'hysical/Chemical
treatment
continued)
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
ZENON Environmental
nc.
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
UNU Systems, Inc.
lewlitt-Packard
Company
'hotovac Monitoring
nstruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
inc. Corp.
Texaco Inc.
Morth American
Technologies Group,
Inc.
RECPvA Environmental,
[nc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
NOVATERRA, Inc.
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
CF Systems, Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Technology
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
5ortable Gas Analyzer
>E Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
'.on Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
n Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Texaco Gasification Process
Oleophilic Amine-Coated Ceramic
Chip
Alternating Electrocoagulation
Technology
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
In Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module System
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Volume, Page
Number
' VI, 182
V3.20
V3.42
V3.40
V3.56
V3,60
V3.66
V3.78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.38
V3,72
VI, 162
VI, 132
V2,92
V1.38
V2,120
VI, 184
VI, 134
VI, 142
V1.48
V2.54
VI, 94
Page 191
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Leachate
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(continued)
Cyanide
Dioxins
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Technology Vendor
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
Analytical and Remedial
Technology, inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory procedure,
inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Technology
CA-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and Analytical
Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
[on Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Spent Ore Bioremediation process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
!on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cvclone Furnace
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 108
VI, 110
V2,90
VI, 144
VI, 182
V3,14
V3.20
V3,42
V3.60
V3.66
V3.78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3,38
V1.214
VI, 68
Vl,48
VI, 94
VI, 110
VI, 144
V3,20
VI, 178
V3,36
V3,72
VI, 44
Page 192
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Leachate
(continued)
Contaminants
Explosives
Furans
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
vfew Jersey Institute of
Technology
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
iLI Eco Logic Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Jruker Analytical
Systems, inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Biotrol®
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
Mew Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
3nviroMetal
Technologies Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
Technology
GHEA Associates Process
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'rocess
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
VIembrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Vlobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Methanotrophic Bioreactor System
ZenoGem™ Process
GHEA Associates process
In-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Sir
Stripping)
Jquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds in
Groundwater
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Volume, Page
Number
V2.86
VI, 168
VI, 68
V1.48
VI, 94
VI, 110
VI, 144
V3.20
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.72
VI, 44
V2,28
VI, 184
V2,86
VI, 134
VI ,48
V1.72
V2.54
VI, 94
VI, 108
VI, 110
V2.90
Page 193
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Leachate
(continued)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
(continued)
Herbicides
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
liermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
'reatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
olidification/
tabilization
pectrometers
Technology Vendor
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
[nc.
Analytical and Remedial
Technology, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
inergy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Biotrol®
ilectrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
nc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
3igh Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
vlagnum Water
'echnology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
BP Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
ystems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
ystems, inc.
3raseby Ionics, Ltd.,
nd PCP, Inc.
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and Analytical
Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
bn Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Jiological Aqueous Treatment
System
n Situ Bioremediation by
ilectrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
"hotocatalytic Water Treatment
vlembrane Filtration and
lioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
O*WW*ER™ Technology
on Mobility Spectrometry
Volume, Page
VI, 144
VI, 168
V2,112
V2.116
VI, 182
V3.14
V3.20
V3.60
V3,66
V3,78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.72
V2.42
V1.38
V2.120
VI, 184
VI, 68
VI, 48
VI, 94
VI, 108
VI, 110
VI, 144
V3,20
VI, 178
V3,36
Page 194
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
l^achate
(continued)
Contaminants
lerbicides
(continued)
Metals
Treatment Type
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
iueld Portable X-ray
'luorescence
i'hysical/ Chemical
ladioactive Waste
Treatment
Dhysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal Destruction
Technology Vendor
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Colorado Dept. Of
'ublic Health and
Environment
'intail Systems, Inc.
'intail Systems, Inc.
vletorex, Inc.
'ilter Flow Technology,
nc.
'few Jersey Institute of
Technology
lochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
E.I. DuPont de Nemours
and Co., and Oberlin
Filter Co.
Dynaphore, Inc.
EPOC Water, Inc.
Cure International, Inc.
Lewis Environmental
Services, Inc./ Hickson
Corp.
Vtatrix Photocatalytic
[nc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/ STG
Technologies
RECRA Environmental,
Inc.
Selentec Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
U. of Washington
HNU Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
System, Inc.
BWX Technologies. Inc.
Technology
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Constructed Wetlands-Based
Treatment
Jiomineralization of Metals
Spent ore Bioremediation Process
field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Colloid Polishing Filter Method
GHEA Associates Process
lochem Disc Tube™ Module System
Chemical Treatment and
Jltrafiltration
Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate
Treatment
Membrane Microfiltration
FORAGER® Sponge
Precipitation, Microfiltration, and
Sludge Dewatering
CURE® Electrocoagulation
Wastewater Treatment System
Chromated Copper Arsenate Soil
Leaching Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Alternating Current
Electrocoagulation Technology
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Adsorption Filtration
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Cvclone Furnace
Volume, Page
Number
V3.72
VI, 44
VI, 54
V2.130
V1.214
V3.48
VI, 76
V2.86
VI, 142
V2.22
V2.24
V1.60
V1.62
V1.74
V1.58
V2.76
VI, 110
VI, 114
V2.92
V1.226
V2.110
V3.42
VI, 178
VI. 44
Page 195
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Leaclute
(continued)
Contaminants
Metals
(continued)
PAHs
PCBs
»
Treatment Type
Thermal Destruction
(continued)
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Pest Kits
Technology Vendor
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
ZENON Environmental
[nc.
Mfetorex, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
3nvironmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
nc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/ STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
Jruker Analytical
Systems, inc.
INU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
nd PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc.
Technology
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
ZenoGem™ Process
Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
jerox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
'hotocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Jioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
on Mobility Spectrometry
insys Penta Test Systems
Volume, Page
Number
V2.42
VI, 144
V3.20
V3,66
VI, 184
V3.48
V1.68
VI, 46
VI ,48
V2.54
VI, 94
VI, 108
V1.110
VI, 114
VI ,144
VI, 168
V3.20
V3.42
V3.60
V3.66
V3.78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3,68
Page 196
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
: Media
Leachate
(continued)
Contaminants
PCBs
(continued)
PCP
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Test Kits
(continued)
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology Vendor
Elanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
[nc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
[nc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/ STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Technology
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Ensys Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
Volume, Page
Number
V3,38
V2.42
VI, 144
VI, 168
V3.68
V3.72
V1.38
V2,120
VI, 184
VI, 68
VI, 46
VI, 48
V2.54
VI, 94
VI, 108
VI, 110
VI, 114
VI, 144
VI, 168
V3.20
V3.60
V3.66
V3,78
Page 197
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Leacbate
(continued)
Contaminants
Pesticides
(continued)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Radionuclides
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatments
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Physical/ Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
SBP Technologies, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Filter Flow Technology,
Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Selentec Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Biotrol®
ZENON Environmental
iic.
3LI Eco Logic Inc.
'few Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
ligh Voltage
Environmental
Applications. Inc.
Technology
PO*WW*ER Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
GHEA Associates Process
aerox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Colloid Polishing Filter Method
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate Treatment
and Ultrafiltration
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
GHEA Associates Process
'n Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
)erox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
jquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
Volume, Page
Number
VI ,178
V3.36
V3.68
V3.38
V3.72
V1.44
V2,40
V2,86
VI, 46
VI, 144
V3,66
VI, 76
V2.22
V2,24
VI, 226
VI, 44
Vl,38
VI, 184
Vl,68
V2,86
VI, 134
V1.46
VI, 48
V2.54
Page 198
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Leachate
continued)
Contaminants
SVOCs
continued)
VOCs
Treatment Type
'hysical/Chemical
'reatment
continued)
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
High Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
>ulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Analytical and Remedial
'echnology, Inc.
Jruker Analytical
Systems, inc.
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
nc.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc.
iochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
EnviroMetal
Technologies Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/ STG
Technologies
Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
vlembrane Filtration and
Jioremediation
Automated Sampling and Analytical
'latform
VIobile Environmental Monitor
'ield Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPJD Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
GHEA Associates Process
ii Situ Soil Treatment (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
iochem Disc Tube™ Module System
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds in
Groundwater
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 94
V2.90
VI, 144
V3.14
V3,20
V3.78 :
VI, 178
V3,36
V3.72
V1.44
V1.38
V2.120
VI, 184
V2.86
VI, 134 ,
VI, 142
VI, 46
VI, 48
VI, 72
VI, 94
V1.110
VI, 114
Page 199
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Leachate
(continued)
Liquid
Contaminants
VOCs
(continued)
Other
Aromatic VOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Jiological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ZENON Environmental,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
inc. Corp.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
^orth American
Technologies Group,
nc.
IECRA Environmental,
nc.
Harding Lawson
Associates
killings and Associates,
nc.
3io-Rem, Inc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental,
he.
Technology
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
on Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Oleophilic Amine-Coated Ceramic
Chip
Alternating Current
ilectrocoagulation Technology
Two-Zone Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Technology
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation System (SVVS® )
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Jioremediation Process
Jiological Aqueous Treatment
System
n Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
n Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Volume, Page
Number
V2.90
VI, 144
VI, 168
V2.112
V2.116
VI, 184
V3.20
V3.42
V3.60
V3.66
V3.78
VI ,178
V3.36
V3,38
V3.72
V2.40
VI, 132
V2.92
V2,48
Vl,30
V1.34
V1.38
V2,120
VI, 130
Page 200
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Liquids
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
continued)
Treatment Type
Jiological
Degradation
continued)
Materials Handling
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology Vendor
T Corp.
ZENON Environmental
nc.
National Risk
Management Research
^aboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
lughes Environmental
ystems, Inc.
lochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
nc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
ligh Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
nc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
U. of Nebraska - Lincoln
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
Analytical and Remedial
Technology, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Technology
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Jioremediation
ZenoGem™ Process
lydraulic Fracturing
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
'neumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
LG-SX) Technology
ligh Energy Electron Beam
irradiation
ligh Energy Electron Irradiation
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
'rocess
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Jioremediation
ii Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
3xtraction
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation System
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and Analytical
Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromato graph
Volume, Page
Number
V2.126
VI, 184
VI, 124
VI, 100
VI, 142
VI, 150
Vl,24
VI, 48
V2,54
VI, 94
V1.200/
V2,24
VI, 110
V2.90
VI, 144
VI, 160
VI, 170
VI, 176
Vl,180
VI, 182
V3,14
V3,20
V3.42
V3.56
Page 201
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Liquids
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(continued)
Cyanide
Diesel
Dioxins
Explosives
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
(continued)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
"hermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
hermal Desorption
hysical/ Chemical
rreatment
Technology Vendor
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Texaco Inc.
LJ. of Dayton Research
institute
Pintail Systems, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
he.
5LI Eco Logic Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
nc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Vtatrix Photocatalytic
nc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
ystems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
nd PCP, Inc.
trategic Diagnostic,
nc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
J. of Dayton Research
nstitute
^ew Jersey Institute of
'echnology
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
Technology
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Hydraulic Fracturing
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'rocess
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
ligh Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Jioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
GHEA Associates Process
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Volume, Page
Number
V3,60
V3,66
V3.78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.38
VI, 162
V2.106
V1.214
VI, 124
V1.68
VI, 150
VI, 48
VI, 94
V1.110
VI, 144
V3,20
VI, 178
V3,36
V3,72
VI, 44
V2.106
V2.86
VI, 168
Page 2O2
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
jquids
continued)
Contaminants
'urans
Gasoline
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
"hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Materials Handling
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
oilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
nc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
nstitute
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
nc.
ABB Environmental
Services, Inc.
larding Lawson
Associates
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Biotrol®
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental,
Inc.
IT Corp.
U.S. Air Force
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
Technology
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'rocess
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
jquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
ligh Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Jioremediation
VIobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
'hotothermal Detoxification Unit
Hydraulic Fracturing
Anaerobic-Aerobic Sequential
Jioremediation of PCE
Two-Zone Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Technology
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Vlethanotrophic Bioreactor System
In Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Phj/toremediation of TCE-
Contaminated Shallow Groundwater
ZerioGem™ Process
Volume, Page
Number
V1.68
VI, 150
Vl,48
VI, 94
VI, 110
VI, 144
V3.20
VI, 178
V3.36
V3,72
VI, 44
V2.106
VI, 124
V2.50
V2,48
VI, 34
V2.28
VI, 130
V2.126
VI, 234
VI, 184
Page 203
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Liquids
(continued)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
[nc.
Lasagna™
Public-Private
Partnership
3ugh.es Environmental
Systems, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
^ew Jersey Institute of
Technology
SoilTech ATP Systems,
nc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Arizona State U/Zentox
Corp.
CF Systems Corp.
ligh Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
ligh Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
nc.
'ulse Sciences, Inc.
BP Technologies, Inc.
erra Vac, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
J. of Nebraska - Lincoln
JV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston,
nc./IEG Technologies
ioy F. Weston,
[nc./IEG Technologies
ferox Corp.
ENON Environmental
nc.
Technology
Hydraulic Fracturing
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
Anaerobic Thermal Process
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
'hotocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
ligh Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
'rocess
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
olutions
Membrane Filtration and
Jioremediation
n Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
ixtraction
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation System
hotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb 563 Adsorbent
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
ross-Flow Pervaporation System
Volume, Page
VI, 124
VI ,202
VI, 100
VI, 106
V2.86
VI, 150
VI, 24
V2,18
V1.48
V2,54
VI ,94
V1.200/
V2,24
VI, 110
V2,90
VI, 144
VI, 160
VI, 168
VI, 170
V2.112
V2.116
VI ,176
VI, 180
VI, 182
'204
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Liquids
(continued)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
(continued)
Heavy Metals
Herbicides
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Biological
Degradation
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology Vendor
Analytical and Remedial
Technology, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
[nc. Corp.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
HNU Systems, Inc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
Lasagna™ Public -
Private Partnership
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Technology
Automated Sampling and Analytical
Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCBMethod
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
ton Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Texaeo Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
[n Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenqGem™ Process
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Volume, Page
Number
V3.14
V3.20
V3.56
V3,60
V3,66
V3.78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.72
VI, 162
V2.106
V3.44
V1.38
V2.120
VI, 184
Vl,202
V1.68
VI, 150
VI ,48
VI, 94
Vl,110
VI, 144
V3.20
VI, 178
Page 205
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Liquids
(continued)
Contaminants
Herbicides
(continued)
Inorganics
Metals
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Physical/ Chemical
rhermal Desorption
"hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
HNU Systems, Inc.
Colorado Dept. of Public
Health and Environment
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Resource Management &
Recovery
HNU Systems, Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
l^asagna™ Public -
Private Partnership
Filter Flow Technology,
he.
STew Jersey Institute of
Technology
lochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
J.I. DuPont de Nemours
and Co., and Oberlin
Filter Co.
Dynaphore, Inc.
EPOC Water, Inc.
Cure International, Inc.
.«wis Environmental
Services, Inc./ Hickson
Corp.
Matrix Photocatalytic
nc.
Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Constructed Wetlands-Based
Treatment
Biomineralization of Metals
Spent ore Bioremediation Process
AlgaSORB® Biological Sorption
3NU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Colloid Polishing Filter Method
GHEA Associates Process
Rochem Disc TUBE™ Module
System
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
vlembrane Microfiltration
FORAGER® Sponge
'recipitation, Microfiltration, and
Sludge Dewatering
CURE® Electrocoagulation
Wastewater Treatment System
Chromated Copper Arsenate Soil
Beaching Process
'hotocatalytic Water Treatment
Volume, Page
Number
V3.36
V3.72
VI ,44
V2.106
V3.44
V1.54
V2.130
Vl,214
V2.96
V3.44
V3.48
VI, 202
VI, 76
V2.86
VI, 142
V2.22
VI, 60
VI, 62
VI, 74
V1.58
V2,76
VI, 110
Page 206
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Liquids
(continued)
Contaminants
Metals
(continued)
PAHs
PCBs
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Morrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/STG
Technologies
RECRA Environmental,
Inc.
Selentec Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
U. of Washington
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
HUN Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/STG
Technologies
Technology
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Alternating Current
Electrocoagulation Technology
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Adsorptive Filtration
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and
Removal
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
ZenoGem™ Process
Field portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Beam Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 114
V2.92
VI, 226
V2,110
V2.138
V3.42
VI, 178
VI ,44
VI, 144
V3.20
V3,66
VI, 184
V3,48
VI, 68
VI, 106
V2.86
VI, 150
VI, 46
VI, 48
V2,54
Vl,94
VI, 110
VI, 114
Page 207
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Liquids
(continued)
Contaminants
PCBs
(continued)
PCP
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedures,
Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc. /Brown and Root
Environmental
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidations
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and
Removal
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Ensys Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injections
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Radio Frequency heating
Anaerobic Thermal Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 144
VI, 168
V2.138
V3,20
V3,42
V3,60
V3.66
V3.78
VI ,178
V3.36
V3,68
V3,38
VI, 44
V2.106
V1.144
VI, 168
V3.68
V3,72
V1.38
V2.120
VI, 184
Vl,68
VI, 106
VI, 150
VI, 46
VI, 48
Page 208
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Liquids
(continued)
Contaminants
Pesticides
(continued)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
U. of Wisconsin -
VTadison
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
he.
ianby Environmental
^aboratory Procedure,
nc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc. Corp.
JWX Technologies, Inc.
L of Dayton Research
nstitute
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
>Iew Jersey Institute of
Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and
Removal
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
on Mobility Spectrometry
insys Penta Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
n Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
lydraulic Fracturing
GHEA Associates Process
)erox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
"echnology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Volume, Page
Number
V2.54
VI, 94
VI, 110
VI, 114
VI, 144
VI, 168
V2.138
V3.20
V3,60
V3,66
V3,78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3,68
V3,38
V3,72
VI ,44
V2.106
VI, 124
V2.86
VI, 46
VI, 144
Page 209
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Jquids
continued)
Contaminants
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
(continued)
^adionuclides
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
'hysical/ Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Thermal Destruction
Jiological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
SRI Instruments
Filter Flow Technology,
nc.
Atomic Energy'of
Canada, Limited
Selentec Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Harding Lawson
Associates
Biotrol®
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental
Inc.
IT Corp.
ZENON Environmental
inc.
3LI Eco Logic Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Technology
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Colloid Polishing Filter Method
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Two-Zone, Plume Interception, In
Situ Treatment Technology
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
h Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Jioremediation
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Volume, Page
Number
V3.66
VI, 76
V2.22
VI, 226
VI, 44
V2,48
Vl,38
VI, 130
V2,126
VI, 184
V1.68
VI, 106
V2.86
VI, 150
VI, 24
VI, 46
VI, 48
V2.54
VI, 94
V2.90
VI, 144
Page 210
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Liquids
(continue)
Contaminants
SVOCs
(continued)
VOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Other
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Technology Vendor
Terra Vac, Inc.
U. of Wisconsin -
Madison
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Analytical and Remedial
Technology, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
[nc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Berkeley Environmental
Restoration Center
Billings and Associates,
'nc.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Biotrol®
ilectrokinetics, Inc.
New York State Dept. of
Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental,
nc.
IT Corp.
U.S. Air Force
ZENON Environmental
nc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
Inc.
Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and
Removal
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Automated Sampling and Analytical
Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Texaco Gasification process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
ii Situ Steam Enhanced Extraction
3rocess
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation System (SVVS® )
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
n Situ Bioremediation by
ilectrokinetic Injection
In Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
'hytoremediation of
TCE-Contaminated Shallow
Groundwater
ZenoGem™ Process
lydraulic Fracturing
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 160
V2.138
VI, 176
VI, 180
V3.14
V3.20
V3.78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.72
VI, 44
VI, 162
V2.106
VI, 28
VI ,30
V1.34
V1.38
V2.120
VI, 130
V2.126
VI ,234
VI, 184
VI, 124
Page 211
-------
APPLICABILlf Y INDEX (continued)
Media
Liquids
[continued)
Contaminants
VOCs
[continued)
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatoeraohs
Technology Vendor
Hughes Environmental
Systems, Inc.
{AI Technologies,
nc./Brown and Root
Environmental
Slew Jersey Institute of
Technology
lochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
nc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Arizona State U./ Zentox
Corp.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
Radian International
LCC
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
KSE, Inc.
Vlatrix Photocatalytic
[nc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/STG
Technologies
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
U. of Nebraska - Lincoln
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Svstems, Inc.
Technology
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
ladio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
jerox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
integrated Vapor Extraction and
Steam Vacuum Stripping and Soil
Vapor Extraction/Reinfection
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Center Pivot Spray Irrigation System
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb® 563 Adsorbent
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Cross-Flow Pervaporation System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Volume, Page
Number
Vl.lOO
VI, 106
V2.86
VI, 142
VI, 150
VI, 24
V2.18
VI, 46
VI, 48
VI, 138
VI, 94
Vl,200/
V2.24
VI, 110
VI, 114
V2,90
VI, 144
VI, 160
VI, 168
VI, 170
V2.112
V2.116
VI, 176
VI, 180
VI, 182
V3.20
Page 212
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Liquids
(continued)
Mine
Tailings
Sediment
Contaminants
VOCs
(continued)
Other
Metals
Aromatic VOCs
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
(continued)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Other
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Materials Handling
Solidification/Stabili
zation
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
HNU Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
Sentex Sensing
Technology, inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
[nc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
[nc. Corp.
Texaco Inc.
Berkeley Environmental
Restoration Center
^orth American
Technologies Group,
he.
iECRA Environmental,
he.
U. of South Carolina
locky Mountain
Remediation Services,
L.L.C.
Star Organics, L.L.C.
Jio-Rem Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies
nstitute of Gas
Technology
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
ingineers
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental,
nc.
Technology
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Texaco Gasification Process
In Situ Steam Enhanced Extraction
Process
Oleophilic Amine-Coated Ceramic
Chip
Alternating Electrocoagulation
Technology
n Situ Mitigation of Acid Water
invirobond Solution
Soil Rescue Remediation Fluid
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
n Situ Bioremediation by
ilectrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
'luid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
ix Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Volume, Page
Number
V3,42
V3,56
V3.60
V3.66
V3,78
VI, 178
V3,36
V3.38
V3,72
VI, 162
V1.28
VI, 132
V2.92
V2.108
VI, 222
Vl,232
V2.120
VI, 90
V2.58
VI, 126
VI, 130
Page 213
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
[continued)
Treatment Type
Biological
>egradation
(continued)
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
rhermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Technology Vendor
IT Corp.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LCC
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
NOVATERRA, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
international, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Jergmann, A Division of
Linatex, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
ilectrokinetics, Inc.
High Voltage
Snvironmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Geo-Con, Inc.
Rocky Mountain
Remediation Services,
L.L.C.
Star Organics, L.L.C.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco Inc.
Technology
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Jioremediation
ixcavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process
rhermal Desorption System
h-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
.aw Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®) System
Soil and Sediment Washing
jquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
ilectrokinetic Soil Processing
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
Sigh Energy Electron Irradiation
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase
Oxidation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
[n Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
Envirobond Solution
Soil Rescue Remediation Fluid
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Frequency-Turnable Pulse
Combustion System
Texaco Gasification Process
Volume, Page
Number
V2.126
VI, 166
V1.36
VI, 112
VI, 134
V1.220
VI, 174
VI ,26
VI, 48
V1.66
V2,54
VI, 94
V2,62
VI, 104
V2,68
VI, 160
V3.20
V3.78
V1.82
VI, 222
V1.232
VI, 172
V2.114
V3.36
VI, 154
VI. 162
Page 214
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(continued)
Cyanide
Dioxins
Treatment Type
Thermal Destruction
(continued)
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Desorotion
Technology Vendor
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Biotrol®
Institute of Gas
Technology
U.S. EPA
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
ligh Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
^aboratory and IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
^aboratory and IT Corp.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Technology
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Soil Washing System
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®) System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
3rocess
>ebris Washing System
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
PCB- and
Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil
detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone. Furnace
Volume, Page
Number
V2.106
VI, 236
Vl,214
VI ,40
V2.58
V1.166
V1.68
VI, 70
V1.220
VI, 174
V2,20
VI, 48
VI, 94
VI, 104
V2.68
VI, 116
VI, 122
VI, 158
V2.104
V3,20
VI, 84
VI, 172
V3,36
V3,72
VI. 44
Page 215
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
continued)
Contaminants
Dioxins
continued)
Jxplosives
?urans
Treatment Type
Thermal Desorption
continued)
Jiological
Degradation
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Biological
)egradation
Materials Handling
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology Vendor
inergy and
invironmental Research
Corp.
nstitute of Gas
Technology
J. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
.R. Simplot Co.
'Jew Jersey Institute of
Technology
Biotrol®
nstitute of Gas
technology
U.S. EPA
3LI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
lecycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT Corp.
STational Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT Corp.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
Technology
Reactor Filter system
5luidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
'hotothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
The SABRE™ Process
GHEA Associates Process
Soil Washing System
'luid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'rocess
Thermal Desorption Unit
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®) System
^ow-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Jquified Gas Solvent Extraction '.
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
3ase-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
PCB- and
Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil
Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Volume, Page
Number
V2.42
V2.60
V2.106
V1.236
VI, 66
V2.86
VI, 40
V2,58
VI, 166
V1.68
VI, 70
VI, 220
VI, 174
V2.20
VI, 48
VI, 94
VI, 104
V2.68
VI, 116
VI, 122
VI, 158
V2.104
V3,20
VI, 84
VI, 172
Page 216
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Contaminants
Furans
(continued)
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Desorption
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies
Institute of Gas
Technology
J.R. Simplot Co.
U.S. EPA
Lasagna™ Public -
Private Partnership
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
Bergmann, A Division of
Linatex, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Reactor Filter system
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Soil Washing System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Elec'trokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
The SABRE™ Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Lasagna™ In Situ Remediation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Thermal Desorption System
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®) System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Soil and Sediment Washing
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy. Electron Irradiation
Volume, Page
Number
V3,36
V3,72
VI, 44
V2.42
V2.60
V2.106
VI, 236
V1.40
V2.120
VI, 90
V2.58
VI, 66
VI, 166
VI, 202
VI, 68
VI, 70
VI, 112
VI, 136
VI ,220
VI, 148
VI, 174
V2,20
Vl,26
VI ,48
VI, 94
Page 217
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
(continued)
Mercury
Metals
Treatment Type
Pysical/Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Contaminant Survey
systems
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Materials Handling
Technology Vendor
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Chemfix Technologies,
Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Quadrel Srvices, Inc.
Radiometer Analytical
Group
Bionebraska, Inc.
Geo-Microbial
Technologies, inc.
Phytotech
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
NITON Corp.
C-THRU Technologies
Corporation
TN Spectrace
AEA Technology
Environment
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
U.S. EPA
U. of South Carolina
Technology
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPED Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Emflux Soil-Gas Survey System
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for
Mercury in Soil
BiMelyze® Mercury Immunoassay
Metals Release and Removal from
Wastes
Phytoremediation Technology
Biomineralization of Metals
Spent ore Bioremediation Process
XL Spectrum Analyzer
Metal Analysis Probe (MAP®)
Portable Assayer
9000 X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer
and Lead X-Ray Fluorescence
Analyzer
Soil Separation and Washing Process
Campbell Centrifugal Jig
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water
Volume, Page
Number
VI ,104
V2.68
VI, 116
VI, 122
V3.20
V1.50
VI, 172
V3.36
V3.72
VI, 44
V2,106
VI, 236
V3,54
V3.58
V3.18
V2,124
VI, 212
V2.130
VI, 214
V3,52
V3.22
V3,74
V2.16
V2.84
VI, 166
V2.108
Page 218
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Contaminants
Metals
(continued)
Treatment Type
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology Vendor
Lasagna™ Public -
Private Partner
ship
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Bergmann, A Division of
Linatex, Inc.
BioGenesis Enterprises,
Inc.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
COGNIS, Inc.
Dynaphore, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
General Atomics,
Nuclear Remediation
Technologies Div.
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT Corp.
Selentec Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Toronto Harbour
Commission
Chemfix Technologies,
(nc.
Ferro Corp.
Funderburk & Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Sevenson Environmental
Services, Inc.
Soliditech, inc.
STC Remediation, A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Technology
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
GHEA Associates Process
Soil and Sediment Washing
BioGenesisSM Soil and Sediment
Washing
Acid Extraction Treatment System
TERRAMET Soil Remediation
System
FORAGER® Sponge
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Acoustic Barrier Particulate
Separator
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal
Extraction
Chelation/Electrodeposition of Toxic
Metals from Soils
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Debris Washing System
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Soil Recycling
Solidification and Stabilization
Waste Vitrification Through Electric
Melting
Dechlorination and Immobilization
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/ Solidification
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Volume, Page
Number
V1.202
V2.86
VI, 26
VI, 32
V2.30
VI, 52
VI, 62
VI, 66
V2.48
V2.64
V2.66
V2.68
VI, 122
VI, 226
VI, 162
VI ,50
V2.46
VI ,78
VI, 82
V1.84
V3,60
VI, 152
V1.156
VI, 172
V2.114
Page 219
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Contaminants
Metals
(continued)
Organics
PAHs
PCBs
Treatment Type
Thermal Destruction
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Horsehead Resource
Development Co., Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Vortec Corp.
Gruppo Italimpresse
ECOVA Corp.
Environmental
BioTechnologies, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Maxymillian
Technologies, inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Bergmann, A Division of
Linatex, Inc.
BioGenesis Enterprises,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
[nstitute of Gas
Technology
[nstitute of Gas
Technology
Phytokinetics, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LCC
BLI Eco Logic
International Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
[nternational Inc.
KAI Technologies, Inc./
Brown and Root
Environmental
Mew Jersey Institute of
Technology
Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Reactor Filter System
Flame Reactor
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Vitrification Process
Infared Thermal Destruction
Bioslurry Reactor
Fungal Degradation Process
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Thermal Desorption and Vapor
Extraction System
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Soil and Sediment Washing
BioGenesisSM Soil and Sediment
Washing Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Phytoremediation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
3iotherm Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Jadio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 44
V2.40
V2.42
V1.96
V2,60
VI, 236
Vl,92
Vl,64
V2,44
V2.58
VI, 140
VI, 112
VI, 220
VI, 26
VI, 32
V3,20
V2.56
V2,58
Vl,210
VI, 166
V1.36
VI, 68
VI, 70
VI, 106
V2.86
til
Page 220
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
[continued)
Contaminants
PCBs
[continued)
Treatment Type
'hysical/ Chemical
fhermal Desorption
continued)
5hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology Vendor
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Joy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
Sergmann, A Division of
LJnatex, Inc.
BioGenesis Enterprises,
iic.
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental Services,
[nc.
General Atomics
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT Corp.
State U. of New York at
Oswego, Environmental!
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Chemfix Technologies,
Inc.
Funderburk & Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Technology
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
!,ow Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®) System
!,ow-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Soil and Sediment Washing
BioGenesisSM Soil and Sediment
Washing Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LGtSX) Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Circulating Bed Combustor
ligh Energy Electron Beam
[rradiation
Ffigh Energy ElectrorTlrradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Electrochemical Peroxidation of
PCB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB' Method
Solidification and Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 136
VI ,220
V1.174
V2,20
VI ,26
V1.32
VI, 48
VI, 56
V1.80
V2.54
VI, 94
VI, 104
V2.68
VI, 116
VI, 122
V2.98
VI, 158
V2.104
V3.20
V3,78
VI, 50
VI, 78
VI, 82
Page 221
-------
..... IE"}?1 • ..... p
j1!1] ..... I!!!!!- '"if!! f ......... ' .
(','81'
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continuedj
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Contaminants
PCBs
(continued)
PCP
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
(continued)
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
Geosafe Corp.
Soliditech, inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies
[nstitute of Gas
Technology
[nstitute of Gas
Technology
Phytokinetics, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LCC
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
KAI Technologies, Inc./
Brown and Root
Environmental
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Technology
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Ensys Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
Soil Washing System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Phytoremediation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Siotherm Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Jadio Frequency Heating
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Volume, Page
Number
Vl,84
VI, 152
VI, 172
V3,36
V3.68
VI ,44
V2.40
V2,60
V2.106
VI, 236
VI, 140
VI, 220
V2.104
V3.68
V3.72
VI, 40
V2.120
VI, 90
V2.56
V2,58
Vl,210
VI, 166
Vl,36
V1.68
V1.70
VI, 106
VI, 136
Page 222
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Contaminants
Pesticides
(continued)
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Thermal Desorption
[continued)
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology Vendor
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
Bergmann, A Division of
Linatex, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental Services,
Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
General Atomics
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT Corp.
State U. of New York at
Oswego, Environmental
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Chemfix Technologies,
Inc.
Funderburk & Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Technology
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®) System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Soil and Sediment Washing
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Circulating Bed Combustor
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Electrochemical Peroxidation of
PCB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
PCB-i and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
Solidification and Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Volume, Page
Number
Vl,220
V1.148
VI, 174
V2,20
VI, 26
Vl,48
V1.56
VI ,66
Vl,80
V2,54
VI, 94
V1.104
V2,68
VI, 116
VI, 122
V2.98
VI, 158
V2.104
V3,20
V3.78
VI, 50
VI, 78
V1.82
Vl,84
Page 223
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Contaminants
Pesticides
(continued)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Radionuclides
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
(continued)
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Solidification/
Stabilization
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
Soliditech, inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
ECOVA Corp.
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
Thermo Nutech, Inc.
Bergmann, A Division of
Linatex, Inc.
IT Corp.
Selentec Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Sevenson Environmental
Services, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Biotrol®
ECOVA Corp.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies
Institute of Gas
Technology
Institute of Gas
Technology
IT Coro.
Technology
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Bioslurry Reactor
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
GHEA Association process
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Solidification and Stabilization
Segmented Gate System
Soil and Sediment Washing
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Cyclone Furnace
Soil Washing System
Sioslurry Reactor
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Tekno Associates Bioslurrv Reactor
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 152
VI, 172
V3,36
V3,68
V3.72
VI, 44
V2.40
V2,60
V2,106
VI, 236
V1.64
VI, 140
V2,86
VI, 148
VI, 152
V2,134
VI ,26
V2,68
VI, 226
VI, 228
VI, 172-
VI, 44
VI, 40
Vl,64
VI, 90
V2,56
V2,58
V2.72
Page 224
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
continued)
Contaminants
SVOCs
continued)
Treatment Type
Biological
)egradation
continued)
Contaminant Survey
ystems
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
Engineers
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental,
Inc.
TCorp.
lemediation
Technologies, Inc.
Quadrel Srvices, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LCC
iLI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
KAI Technologies,
nc./Brown and Root
Environmental
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc.
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Bergmann, A Division o
Linatex, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications. Inc.
Technology
ix Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Jioremediation
^quid and Solids Biological
'reatment
Emfiux Soil-Gas Survey System
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression methods
Jiotherm Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'rocess
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
Thermal Desorption System
GHEA Association process
ii-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®) System
Soil and Sediment Washing
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 126
VI, 130
V2.126
VI, 140
V3,54
VI, 166
V1.36
Vl,68
VI, 70
VI, 106
VI, 112
V2.86
VI, 134
VI, 136
VI, 220
VI, 148
VI, 174
VI, 26
VI, 48
VI, 66
V2,54
Page 225
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Contaminants
SVOCs
(continued)
VOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT Corp.
Terra-KIeen Response
Group, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Toronto Harbour
Commission
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Chemfix Technologies,
nc.
Geo-Con, Inc.
STC Remediation, A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
lecovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
nd PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc. Corp.
5WX Technologies, Inc.
Institute of Gas
'echnology
Sonotech, Inc.
'exaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
nstitute
Vbrtec Corp.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
ECOVA Corn.
Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Soil Recycling.
Mobile Environmental Monitor
'ield Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
Solidification and Stabilization
n Situ Solidification and Stabilization
'rocess
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
"ixation/ Solidification
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
!luidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Frequency-Tunable Pulse Combustion
ystem
'exaco Gasification Process
'hotothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
ioslurrv Reactor
Volume, Page
VI, 94
VI, 104
V2,68
VI, 116
VI, 122
VI, 158
VI, 160
VI, 162
V3.20
V3,78
V1.50
VI, 82
V1.156
VI, 172
V2.114
V3,36
V3.72
VI, 44
V2.60
VI, 154
VI, 162
V2.106
VI, 236
V1.34
VI. 64
Page 226
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Contaminants
VOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
continued)
Contaminant Survey
systems
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Electrokinetics, Inc.
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
Engineers
New York State Dept.
Of Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental,
Inc.
IT Corp.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Quadrel Srvices, Inc.
AEA Technology
Environment
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LCC
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
Technology
[n Situ Bioremediation by
Blectrokinetic Injection
Ex Situ Biovault
tn Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Phytoremediation Process
Bmflux Soil-Gas Survey System
Soil Separation and Washing Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression methods
Biotherm Process
Radio Frequency Heating
Thermal Desorption System
GHEA Association process
[n-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®) System
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase
Oxidation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal
Extraction
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Volume, Page
Number
V2.120
VI, 126
VI, 130
V2.126
V1.210
V3.54
V2.16
V1.166
Vl,36
VI, 106
VI, 112
V2.86
VI, 134
VI, 220
VI, 148
VI, 174
VI, 48
VI, 94
V2,62
VI, 104
V2.64
V2.68
Page 227
-------
"i;:1; f
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sediment
(continued)
Sludge
Contaminants
VOCs
(continued)
Other
Aromatic VOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Solidification/
Stabilization
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Geo-Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
[nc. Corp.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco Inc.
Vortec Corp.
STC Remediation, A
Division of Omega
environmental, Inc.
3io-Rem, Inc.
electrokinetics, Inc.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies
institute of Gas
Technology
New York State Dept. of
environmental
Conservation/ ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
engineers
New York State Dept. of
environmental
Conservation/ R.E.
Wright Environmental,
he.
Technology
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
ton Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Frequency-Tunable Pulse Combustion
System
Texaco Gasification Process
Vitrification Process
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/ Solidification
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Jioremediation Process
n Situ Bioremediation By
electrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation process
Ex Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 158
VI, 160
V3.20
V3.78
VI, 82
VI, 172
V2.114
V3.36
V3.72
V2.40
V2,60
VI, 154
VI, 162
VI, 236
VI, 156
VI, 34
V2.120
V1.90
V2.58
VI, 126
VI, 130
if!1:. ;<
•w
Page 228
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
(Continued)
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Technology Vendor
IT Corp.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Biotherm, LCC
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
NOVATERRA, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
[nternational, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
CF Systems Corp.
Electrokinetics, inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Geo-Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
Technology
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process
Thermal Desorption System
In-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
[LTTA®]
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX] Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
High-Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase
Oxidation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
Solidification/ Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Frequency-Tunable Pulse Combustion
System
Texaco Gasification Process
Volume, Page
Number
V2.126
VI, 166
V1.36
VI, 112
VI ,134
VI ,220
VI, 148
VI, 48
VI, 66
V2.54
VI, 94
V2.62
VI, 104
V2,68
VI, 160
V3.20
V3,78
VI, 82
VI, 172
V2.114
V3.36
VI, 154
VI, 162
Page 229
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(continued)
Cyanide
Dioxins
Treatment Type
Thermal Destruction
(continued)
Biological
Degradation
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
rhermal Destruction
Technology Vendor
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
U.S. EPA
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
aboratory
National Risk
Management Research
aboratory
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Technology
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Spent ore Bioremediation Process
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption unit
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®) Systems
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX] Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
?CB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification/ Stabilization
Cyclone Furnace
ieactor Filter System
Volume, Page
Number
V2.106
VI, 236
Vl,214
V2.58
VI, 166
Vl,68
VI, 70
VI ,220
VI, 174
V2.20
VI, 48
VI, 94
VI, 104
V2,68
VI, 116
VI, 122
VI, 158
V2.104
V3,20
V1.84
VI, 172
VI, 44
V2.42
Page 230
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
Dioxins
(continued)
Explosives
Furans
Treatment Type
Thermal Destruction
(continued)
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
Institute of Gas
Technology
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
J.R. Simplot Co.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Institute of Gas
Technology
U.S. EPA
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Technology
Fluidized-Bed/ Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification unit
Vitrification Process
The SABRE™ Process
GHEA Associates Process
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®) System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Solvent Extraction Treatment
Systems
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Cyclone Furnace
Volume, Page
Number
V2.60
V2.106
VI ,236
VI, 66
V2.86
V2.58
VI, 166
VI, 68
VI, 70
VI, 220
VI, 174
V2.20
VI, 48
V1.94
VI, 104
V2.68
VI, 116
VI ,122
VI, 158
V2.104
V3.20
VI, 84
VI, 172
VI, 44
Page 231
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
Furans
(continued)
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
Thermal Desorption
(continued)
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
New York State Dept. of
Environmental
Conservation/ ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
Engineers
New York State Dept. of
Environmental
Conservation/ R.E.
Wright Environmental,
Inc.
IT Corp.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Lasagna™
Public-Private
Partnership
KAI Technologies,
Inc. /Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc. '
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Recycling Sciences
[nternational, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental Services,
Inc.
Electrokinetics, inc.
Technology
Reactor Filter System
Fluidized-Bed/ Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification unit
Vitrification Process
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Ex Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
In-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/ Air
Stripping)
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®) System
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX] Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Volume, Page
Number
V2.42
V2,60
V2.106
VI ,236
V1.34
VI, 126
VI, 130
V2.126
VI, 166
V1.202
VI, 106
V2.86
VI, 134
VI, 136
V1.220
VI, 174
V1.48
VI, 56
Vl,66
Page 232
! '.i i JllllHJ k, 111, < ;* I ,'• ,!.i
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX [continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
(continued)
Heavy Metals
Heavy Minerals
Herbicides
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
[continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Materials Handling
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
High Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
institute of Gas
Technology
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Geo-Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Texaco, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
Electrokinetics, Inc.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies
Institute of Gas
Technology
J.R. Simplot Co.
Technology
High-Energy Electron Beam
irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase
Oxidation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
tn Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
Solidification/ Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Texaco Gasification Process
Pho:tothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Campbell Centrifugal Jig
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
The SABRE™ Process
Volume, Page
Number
V2,54
VI, 94
V2,62
VI, 104
V2.68
VI, 160
V2,104
V3,20
V3,78
V1.82
VI, 172
V3.36
V2.40
VI, 162
V2.106
VI, 236
V3,44
V2,84
V2.120
Vl,90
V2,58
Vl,66
Page 233
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
Herbicides
(continued)
Treatment Type
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Technology Vendor
U.S. EPA
Lasagna™ Public -
Private Partnership
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
vlanagement Research
^aboratory
National Risk
Vlanagement Research
-aboratory and IT Corp.
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Chemfix Technologies,
nc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
J. of Dayton Research
nstitute
Technology
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression methods
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Thermal Desorption System
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA3)
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3®)
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Jquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SC) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
'rocess
Debris Washing System
Vlobile Environmental Monitor
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 166
VI, 202
Vl,68
VI, 70
VI, 112
VI, 136
VI, 220
VI, 148
VI, 174
V2,20
VI, 48
V1.94
VI, 104
V2.68
VI, 116
VI, 122
V3.20
VI, 50
VI, 172
V3.72
VI, 44
V2.106
Page 234
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
Herbicides
(continued)
Inorganics
Metals
Treatment Type
Thermal Destruction
continued)
Field Portable X-ray
fluorescence
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Vortec Corp.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Geo-Microbial
Technologies, Inc.
?hytotech
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
NITON Corp.
TN Spectrace
AEA Technology
Environment
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
U. of South Carolina
Lasagna™
Public-Private
Partnership
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
BioGenesis Enterprises,
tnc.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
COGNIS, Inc.
Dynaphore, Inc
Electrokinetics, Inc.
General Atomics,
Nuclear Remediation
Technologies Division
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
IT Coin.
Technology
Vitrification Process
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P)
Metals Release & Remove from
Waste
Phytbremediation Technology
Biomineralization of Metals
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
XL Spectrum Analyzer
9000 X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer
and Lead X-Ray Fluorescence
Analyzer
Soil Separation and Washing Process
Campbell Centrifugal Jig
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
[n Situ Mitigation of Acid Water
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
GHEA Associates Process
BioGenesisSM Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
Acid Extraction Treatment System
TERRAMET Soil Remediation
System
FORAGER®Sponge
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Acoustic Barrier Particulate
Separator
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal
Extraction
Chelation/ Electrodeposition of Toxic
Metals from Soils
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 236
V3,44
V2.124
VI, 212
V2.130
V1.214
V3.44
V3,52
V3.74
V2.16
V2.84
VI, 166
V2,108
VI ,202
V2.86
VI, 32
V2.30
VI, 52
VI, 62
VI, 66
V2,48
V2.64
V2.66
V2.68
Page 235
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
"Fir.i *
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
Metals
(continued)
PAHs
Treatment Type
Physical/chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Solidification /
Stabilization
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT Corp.
Selentec Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Toronto Harbour
Commission
Chemfix Technologies,
Inc.
Ferro Corp.
Funderburk & Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Rocky Mountain
Remediation Services,
L.L.C.
Sevenson Environmental
Services, Inc.
Soliditech, Inc.
Star Organics, L.L.C.
STC Remediation, A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Horsehead Resource
Development Co., Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
PSI Technologies, A
Division of Physical
Sciences Inc.
Vortec Corp.
ECOVA Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Technology
Debris Washing System
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Soil Recycling
Solidification and Stabilization
Waste Vitrification Through Electric
Melting
Dechlorination and Immobilization
[n Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Envirobond Solution
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Soil Rescue Remediation Fluid
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/Solidification
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Reactor Filter System
Flame Reactor
?luidized-Bed/ Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Metals Immobilization and
Decontamination of Aggregate Solids
Vitrification Process
Bioslurry Reactor
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Volume, Page
Number
VI ,122
VI, 226
VI, 162
VI ,50
V2.46
VI, 78
VI, 82
V1.84
V1.222
VI, 228
VI, 152
VI, 232
VI, 156
VI, 172
V2,114
VI ,44
V2,40
V2.42
V1.96
V2,60
V2.88
Vl,236
VI, 64
V2.58
VI ,140
Page 236
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
PAHs
(continued)
PCBs
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
BioGenesis Enterprises,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Institute of Gas
Technology
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Biotherm, LCC
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc
KAI Technologies, Inc./
Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Roy P. Weston, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
BioGenesis Enterprises,
Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental Services,
Inc.
General Atomics
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
Technology
Thermal Desorption System
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
BioGenesisSM Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
[LT3® ] System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
[LEEP]
BioGenesisSM Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX] Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Circulating Bed Combustor
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 112
VI, 220
VI, 32
V3.20
V2.56
V2.58
VI, 166
V1.36
Vl,68
V1.70
VI, 106
V2.86
VI, 136
V1.220
VI, 174
V2,20
VI, 32
VI, 48
V1.56
VI, 80
V2,54
VI, 94
VI, 104
Page 237
-------
APPUICABILITY INDEX (continued)
I
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
PCBs
(continued)
PCP
Treatment Type
Physical/Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Technology Vendor
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT Corp.
State U. of New York at
Oswego, Environmental
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Chemfix Technologies,
Inc.
Funderburk & Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Electrochemical Peroxidation of
PCB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
PCB- and
Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil
Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
Solidification and Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/ Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
PCB- and Organochlorine-
Contaminated Soil Detoxification
Ensys Penta Test System
Volume, Page
Number
V2.68
VI, 116
VI, 122
V2,98
VI, 158
V2.104
V3.20
V3,78
VI, 50
VI, 78
VI, 82
VI, 84
VI, 152
VI, 172
V3.36
V3.68
VI, 44
V2,40
V2,60
V2,106
V1.236
VI, 140
VI, 220
V2,104
V3.68
Page 238
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
PCP
(continued)
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Test Kits
(continued)
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Strategic Diagnostic,
tnc. Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies.
[nstitute of Gas
Technology
Institute of Gas
Technology
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Biotherm, LCC
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc
KAI Technologies,
tnc./Brown and Root
Environmental
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental Services,
Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
General Atomics
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
: Technology
RaPID Assay®
In Situ Bioremediation By
Electrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
[LTTA®]
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
[LT3®] System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
[LEEP]
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX] Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Circulating Bed Combustor
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Volume, Page
Number
V3.72
V2.120
V1.90
V2.56
V2.58
VI, 166
V1.36
V1.68
VI, 70
VI, 106
V1.136
VI, 220
VI, 148
VI, 174
V2.20
VI, 48
Vl,56
Vl,66
Vl,80
V2,54
V1.94
VI, 104
V2.68
Page 239
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
Pesticides
(continued)
PCP
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
rhermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
'hysical/ Chemical
rhermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Technology Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT Corp.
State U. of New York at
Oswego, Environmental
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Chemfix Technologies,
Inc.
Funderburk & Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd. and
PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
iic.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
snergy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
J. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International Inc
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
he.
Technology
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Electrochemical Peroxidation of
PCB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
PCB- and
Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil
Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
Solidification & Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
[n Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification & Stabilization
Solidification & Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
?luidized-Bed/ Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
PCB- and
Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil
Detoxification
Ensys Penta Test System
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 116
VI, 122
V2,98
VI, 158
V2.104
V3.20
V3.78
VI, 50
VI, 78
VI, 82
Vl,84
VI, 152
VI, 172
V3.36
V3.68
VI, 44
V2.40
V2.60
V2.106
Vl,236
VI, 140
VI, 220
V2.104
V3.68
Page 240
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
PCP
(continued)
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Test Kits
(continued)
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies
Institute of Gas
Technology
Institute of Gas
Technology
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Biotherm, LCC
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc./Brown and Root
Environmental
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy P. Weston, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental Services,
[nc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
General Atomics
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
Technology
RaPID Assay®
In Situ Bioremediation By
Electrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
[LTTA®]
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
[LT3®] System
Low-Energy Extraction Process
[LEEP]
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SXJ Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Circulating Bed Combustor
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
Sigh Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Volume, Page
Number
V3.72
V2.120
Vl,90
V2,56
V2.58
VI, 166
VI ,36
V1.68
VI, 70
VI, 106
VI, 136
VI, 220
VI, 148
VI, 174
V2,20
VI ,48
V1.56
VI, 66
Vl,80
V2.54
VI, 94
VI, 104
V2.68
Page 241
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
Pesticides
(continued)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
[continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and IT Corp.
State U. of New York at
Oswego, Environmental
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Chemfix Technologies,
Inc.
Funderburk & Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy & Environmental
Research Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
ECOVA Corp.
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Technology
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Electrochemical Peroxidation of
PCB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
PCB- and
Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil
Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
Solidification/ Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification/ Stabilization
Solidification/ Stabilization
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/ Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Bioslurry Reactor
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
GHEA Associates Process
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
fLTTA15!
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 116
VI, 122
V2,98
VI, 158
V2,104
V3.20
V3,78
Vl,50
V1.78
VI, 82
VI, 84
VI, 152
VI, 172
V3,36
V3,68
V3.72
Vl,44
V2,42
V2.60
V2,106
VI ,236
Vl,64
VI ,140
V2.86
VI, 148
Page 242
I I:
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
(continued)
Radio nuclides
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
Soliditech, Inc.
Thermo Nutech, Inc.
IT Corp.
Selentec Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Sevenson Environmental
Services, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
3WX Technologies, Inc.
ECOVA Corp.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Institute of Gas
Technology
IT Corp.
New York State Dept. of
invironmental
Conservation/ ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
Engineers
New York State Dept. of
Environmental
Conservation/ R.E.
Wright Environmental,
nc.
TCorp.
lemediation
'echnologies, Inc.
United States
invironmental
'rotection Agency
Biotherm, LCC
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
iLI Eco Logic
nternational Inc.
CAI Technologies,
nc./Brown and Root
invironmental
Vtaxymillian
echnologies, Inc.
Vew Jersey Institute of
Technology
Solidification/ Stabilization
Segmented Gate System
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
Process
Solidification/ Stabilization
Cyclone Furnace
Bioslurry Reactor
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Tekno Associates Bioslurry Reactor
EX Situ Biovault
n Sjtu Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Jioremediation
jquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
ixcavation Techniques and Foam
uppression Methods
Jiotherm Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'rocess
hermal Desorption Unit
ladio Frequency Heating
'hermal Desorption System
jHEA Associates Process
Volume, Page
VI, 152
V2.134
V2.68
VI ,226
VI ,228
VI, 64
V1.90
V2.56
V2,58
V2,72
VI, 126
VI, 130
V2.126
VI, 140
VI, 166
V1.36
VI, 68
VI, 70
VI, 106
V1.112
V2,86
Page 243
-------
"Siiaii:1"! ....... mil" ,;"»" .....
iiaiiii11'1' iriiiii- T'l1!' • ..• '-I/SIKH ' <',•"•„ • i .....
11 ' I !,: I i ;'!•.;"!! S
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
SVOCs
continued)
Treatment Type
'hysical/ Chemical
rhermal Desorption
continued)
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology Vendor
NOVATERRA, Inc.
OHM Remediation
ervices Corp.
Recycling Sciences
nternational, Inc.
mith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
High Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Sfational Risk
Management Research
^aboratory and IT
Corp.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Toronto Harbour
Commission
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Chemfix Technologies,
Inc.
Geo-Con, Inc.
STC Remediation, A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Technology
ta-Situ Soil Treatments [Steam/Air
tripping]
X*TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Jesorption and Vapor Extraction
ystem
x)w Temperature Thermal Aeration
[LTTA18]
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
[LT3®] System
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
LG-SX] Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
High Energy Electron Beam
rradiation
ligh-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base^Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Debris Washing System
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
h Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
Soil Recycling
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
Solidification/ Stabilization
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/Solidification
Solidification/ Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 134
VI, 136
V1.220
VI, 148
VI, 174
V1.48
VI, 66
V2,54
V1.94
VI, 104
V2.68
VI, 116
VI, 122
VI, 158
VI, 160
VI, 162
V3.20
V3,78
VI, 50
VI, 82
VI, 156
VI, 172
V2.114
Page 244
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
(continued)
Contaminants
SVOCs
(continued)
VOCs
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Desorption
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
?hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Bio-Rem, Inc.
ECOVA Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
New York State Dept. of
Environmental
Conservation/ ENSR
Consulting and Larsen
engineers
New York State Dept. of
invironmental
Conservation/ R.E.
Wright Environmental,
inc.
IT Corp.
AEA Technology
invironment
United States
invironmental
'rotection Agency
Biotherm, LCC
£AI Technologies,
nc./Brown and Root
Environmental
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
nternational, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Coro.
Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
RaPED Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Fluidized-Bed/ Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Frequency-Tunable Pulse Combustion
System
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Biosliirry Reactor
tn Situ Bioremediation By
Slectrokinetic Injection
Ex Situ Biovault
h Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
Soil Separation and Washing Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Jiotherm Process
ladio Frequency Heating
Thermal Desorption System
GHEA Associates Process
[n-Situ Soil Treatments (Steam/Air
Stripping)
)esorption and Vapor Extraction
System
,ow Temperature Thermal Aeration
HLTTA®!
Volume, Page
Number
V3.36
V3.72
VI ,44
V2.60
VI, 154
VI, 162
V2.106
VI, 236
V1.34
VI, 64
V2,120
VI, 126
VI, 130
V2.126
V2.16
VI, 166
Vl,36
VI, 106
VI, 112
V2,86
V1.134
Vl,220
VI, 148
Page 245
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Sludge
continued)
Soil
Contaminants
VOCs
continued)
Other
Aromatic VOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
continued)
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Solidification/
Stabilization
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
loy F. Weston, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
nstitute of Gas
Technology
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Geo-Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
Vortec Corp.
STC Remediation, A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
Billings and Associates,
Inc.
Technology
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
LT3®] System
jquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX] Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase
Oxidation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal
ixtraction
rfixed Waste Treatment Process
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
n Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
ixtraction
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
5rocess
Solidification/ Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/ Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Frequency-Tunable Pulse Combustion
System
Texaco Gasification Process
Vitrification Process
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/Solidification
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation System CSVVS)
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 174
VI, 48
VI, 94
V2,62
VI, 104
V2.64
V2,68
VI, 158
VI, 160
V3.20
V3,78
VI, 82
VI, 172
V2.114
V3.36
V3.72
V2,40
V2,60
VI, 154
VI, 162
VI, 236
VI, 156
VI, 30
Page 246
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
(continued)
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies
Harding Lawson
Associates
Hazardous Substance
Management Research
Center at New Jersey
Institute of Technology,
and Rutgers, the State U
of New Jersey
Institute of Gas
Technology
National Risk
Vlanagement Research
^aboratory
New York State Dept. of
Environment
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larson
ingineers
New York State Dept. of
Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental,
nc.
T Corp.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory. The U. of
Cincinnati and FRX,
Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LCC
[ughes Environmental
ystems, Inc.
Maxymillian
'echnologies, Inc.
NOVATERRA, Inc.
lecycling Sciences
nternational, Inc.
oilTech ATP Systems,
nc.
Technology
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
In Situ. Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Two Zone, Plume Interception. In
Situ Treatment Technology
Pneumatic Fracturing and
Bioremediation Process
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Jioventing
ix Situ Biovault
In Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
lydraulic Fracturing
iixcavation Techniques and Foam
uppression Methods
Siotherm Process
team Enhanced Recovery Process
'hermal Desorption System
i-Situ Soil Treatments, (Steam/Air
tripping)
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
ystem
Jiaerobic Thermal Processor
Volume, Page
V1.34
V2.120
VI ,90
V2,48
V2,52
V2.58
VI, 208
VI, 126
VI, 130
V2.126
V3,82
VI, 124
VI, 166
Vl,36
VI, 100
VI, 112
VI, 134
V1.220
VI, 150
Page 247
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
'. , .: " " .:.. i... '. :.: ' : . L"
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
continued)
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
'hermal Desorption
continued)
Physical/ Chemical
'reatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Sensors
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology Vendor
ioy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Jergmann, A Division of
Linatex, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
3nergia, Inc.
High Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
KSE, Inc.
'ulse Sciences, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Geoprobe Systems
Fugro Geosciences, Inc.
Geo Con. Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group. Inc.
Technology
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
'neumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
oil and Sediment Washing
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Reductive Thermal and
Photo-Thermal Oxidation for
inhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
ligh-Energy Electron Irradiation
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase
Oxidation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
'rocess
X-Ray Treatment of Organically
Contaminated Soils
n Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
3xtraction
JVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Rapid Optical Screening Tool
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 174
VI, 190
VI, 24
VI, 26
VI, 48
VI, 66
V2.122
VI, 94
V2.62
VI, 104
V2,68
V1.200/
V2,24
V2.132
VI, 160
VI, 176
VI, 180
V3.20
V3.42
V3.56
V3,66
V3.78
V3.34
V3,30
VI, 82
VI, 172
V2.114
Page 248
i
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(continued)
Cyanide
Diesel
Dioxins
Treatment Type
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedures,
Inc.
Sonotech, Inc.
Texaco, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Pintail Systems, Inc.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
Mational Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
I1C.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
Geokinetics
international, Inc.
SIVE Services
Biotrol®
Institute of Gas
Technology
U.S. EPA
iLI Eco Logic Inc.
iLI Eco Logic
nternational Inc.
lecycling Sciences
nternational, Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
nc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
ligh Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Frequency Tunable Pulse Combustion
System
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Cryogenic Barrier
Hydraulic Fracturing
Cryogenic Barrier
ilectroheat-Enhanced
Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids Removal
Steam Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
Soil Washing System
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'rocess
Thermal Desorption Unit
)esorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
LT31™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Low-Energy Extraction Process
LEEP)
jquified Gas Solvent Extraction (LG
SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
Volume, Page
Number
V3.36
V3,38
VI, 154
VI, 162
V2.106
V1.236
Vl,214
VI, 190
VI, 124
VI ,190
VI, 196
VI ,230
VI, 40
V2.58
VI, 166
V1.68
VI, 70
VI, 220
VI, 150
VI, 174
VI, 190
V2.20
VI, 48
VI, 94
Page 249
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
continued)
Contaminants
Dioxins
[continued)
Explosives
Furans
Treatment Type
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
continued)
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
Ionics RCC
TCorp.
National Risk
Management Research
^aboratory
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Jruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
3nvironmental Research
Corp.
Institute of Gag
Technology
J. of Dayton Research
institute
Vortec Corp.
F.R. Simplot Company
Quadrel Services, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
Nfew Jersey Institute of
Technology
Biotrol®
Institute of Gas
Technology
U.S. EPA
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Technology
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Jase-Catalyzed Decomposition
'recess
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
PCB- and
Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil
Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
^arge Bore Soil Sampler
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
on Mobility Spectrometry
Cyclone Furnace
leactor Filter System
I'luidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Oxidation and Verification Process
The SABRE™ Process
Emflux Soil-Gas Survey System
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
GHEA Associates Process
Soil Washing System
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processors
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3™) Svstem
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 104
V2.68
VI, 116
VI, 158
V2.104
V3,20
V3,34
VI, 84
VI, 172
V3.36
VI, 44
V2,42
V2.60
V2.106
VI, 236
VI, 66
V3.54
V3,82
V2.86
Vl,40
V2,58
V3,78
VI, 68
VI, 70
VI ,220
VI, 150
VI, 174
I : 'I'"1!1! ' ;
Page250
,S I;
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
Furans
(continued)
Gasoline
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
*
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Samplers
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
Mational Risk
Management Research
Laboratory, The U. of
Cincinnati, and FRX,
[nc.
SIVE Services
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Harding Lawson
Associates
Technology
Cryogenic Barrier
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base, Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
PCB- and
Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil
Detoxification
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Large Bore Soil Sampler
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
[on Mobility Spectrometry
Cyclone Furnace
Reactor Filter System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Phojtothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Hydraulic Fracturing
Steam Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
Cryogenic Barrier
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Two Zone, Plume Interception. In
Situ Treatment Technology
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 190
V2.20
VI ,48
VI ,94
VI, 104
V2,68
VI ,158
V2.104
V3.20
V3.34
VI, 84
VI, 172
V3.36
VI, 44
V2.42
V2.60
V2.106
VI, 236
V3.82
V1.124
VI, 230
VI, 190
V3.34
V2.48
Page 251
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
(continued)
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Materials Handling
Physical/Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Technology Vendor
Bio-Rem, Inc.
New York State Dept. of
Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental,
Inc.
IT Corp.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory. The U. of
Cincinnati and FRX,
Inc.
U.S. EPA
Lasagna™ Public
Private Partnership
Hughes Environmental
Systems, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
Inc. /Brown and Root
Environmental
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc.
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Geoprobe Systems
Technology
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
[n Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Bioremediation
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Hydraulic Fracturing
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Steam Enhanced Recovery Process
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
In-Situ Soil Treatments, (Steam/Air
Stripping)
X*TAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3™) System
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Cryogenic Barrier
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCS Method
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 34
VI, 130
V2.126
V3,82
VI, 124
VI, 166
VI, 202
VI, 100
VI, 106
V2.86
VI, 134
VI, 136
VI, 220
VI, 150
VI, 174
VI, 180
VI, 190
V3.20
V3,56
V3.66
V3,78
V3.34
Page 252
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
(continued)
Heavy Metals
Heavy Minerals
Herbicides
Treatment Type
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Solidification/Stabili
zation
Materials Handling
Samplers
Biological
Degradation
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
Geo Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Dexsil Corp.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Svedala Industries, Inc.
Texaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
C-THRU Technologies
Corporation
Rocky Mountain
Remediation Services,
L.L.C.
Star Organics, L.L.C.
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
Art's Manufacturing and
Supply
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies
Institute of Gas
Technology
Phytokinetics, Inc.
J.R. Simplot Company
U.S. EPA
Lasagna™ Public
Private Partnership
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
International, Inc.
Technology
[n Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
[on Mobility Spectrometry
Environmental Test Kits
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
PYROKILN THERMAL
ENCAPSULATION Process
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Metal Analysis Probe (MAP®)
Portable Assays
Envirobond Solution
Soil .Rescue Remediation Fluid
Campbell Centrifugal Jig
AMS™ Dual-Tube Liner Soil
Sampler
Core Barrel Soil Sampler
Soil Washing System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Elecfrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
Technology
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Phytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
The 'SABRE™ Process
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Thermal Desorption Unit
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 82
Vl,84
VI, 172
V3.36
V3,26
V2.40
V2.100
VI, 162
V2.106
VI, 236
V3.22
VI, 222
VI, 232
V2,84
V3,16
V3,62
VI ,40
V2,120
VI, 90
V2,58
V2.128
VI, 66
VI, 166
VI ,202
VI, 68
VI, 70
Page 253
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
Herbicides
(continued)
Mercury
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
(continued)
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
Bergmann, A Division of
Linatex, Inc.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
3eoprobe Systems
Chemfix Technologies,
"nc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd. ,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
'.nc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
institute
Vortec Corp.
Quadrel Services, Inc.
Radiometer Analytical
Group
Bionebraska, Inc.
Technology
Thermal Desorption System
X*TAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Anaerobic Thermal Processors
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Soil and Sediment Washing
Organics Destruction and Metals
Stabilization
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
High-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
[on Mobility Spectrometry
(RaPID Assay®)
Cyclone Furnace
?hotothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
imflux Soil-Gas Survey System
Anodic Voltammetry for Mercury in
Soil
SiMelyze® Mercury Immunoassay
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 112
VI, 136
VI, 220
V1.148
VI, 150
VI, 174
VI, 190
V2.20
VI, 26
V2,32
VI ,48
VI, 94
VI, 104
V2,68
VI, 116
V3.20
V3.34
VI, 50
VI, 172
V3,36
V3.72
V1.44
V2.106
VI ,236
V3.54
V3,58
V3.18
Page 254
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
vletals
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Materials Handling
Physical Chemical
Treatment -
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
COGNIS, Inc.
Geo-Microbial
Technologies, Inc.
'hytotech
'intail Systems, Inc.
3intail Systems, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
vletorex, Inc.
NITON Corp.
C-THRU Technologies
Corporation
TN Spectrace
AEA Technology
environment
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
Montana College of
Mineral Science and
Technology
U.S. EPA
U. of South Carolina
Lasagna™ Public
Private Partnership
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Geotech Development
Corp.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
Battelle Memorial
Institute
Bergmann. A Division
of Linatex, Inc.
BioGenesis Enterprises,
Inc.
Brice Environmental
Services Corp.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
COGNIS, Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Technology
Biological/Chemical Treatment
VIetals Release and Removal of
Wastes
Phytoremediation Technology
Biomineralization of Metals
Spent 'Ore Bioremediation Process
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence
Analysis
XL Spectrum Analyzer
Metal Analysis Probe (MAP®)
Portable Assays
9000 X-Ray Fluorescence Analy/er
and Lead X-Ray Fluorescence
Analyzer
Soil Separation and Washing Process
Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone
Campbell Centrifugal Jig
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
In Situ Mitigation of Acid Water
Lasagna™ In Situ Soil Remediation
GHEA Associates Process
Cold Top Ex Situ Verification of
Chromium-Contaminated Soils
Cryogenic Barrier
In Situ Electroacoustic Soil
Decontamination
Soil and Sediment Washing
BioGenesisSM Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
Soil Washing Process
Acid Extraction Treatment System
TERRAMET Soil Remediation
System
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Volume, Page
Number
VI ,52
V2.124
Vl,212
V2.130
Vl,214
V3.82
V3,48
V3,52
V3.22
V3.74
V2.16
V2.82
V2.84
VI, 166
V2,108
VI, 202
V2.86
V1.86
VI, 190
V2,26
VI, 26
VI ,32
VI ,42
V2.30
VI, 52
V1.66
Page 255
-------
•!'!i I!1!1!;1, i1!,.,,1. jwsili; ' ".hiillHi. :
' 1 "'•'
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
Metals
(continued)
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Technology Vendor
General Atomics,
Nuclear Remediation
Technologies Division
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
Lewis Environmental
Services, Inc./Hickson
Corp.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/STG
Technologies
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Sandia National
Laboratories
Toronto Harbour
Commission
U. of Houston
HNU Systems, Inc.
Art's Manufacturing and
Supply
Geoprobe Systems
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
Chemfix Technologies,
iic.
ferro Corp.
?underburk & Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Jocky Mountain
Remediation Services,
L.L.C.
Sevenson Environmental
Services, Inc.
Soliditech, Inc.
Star Organics, L.L.C.
STC Remediation. A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
Technology
Acoustic Barrier Particulate
Separator
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal
Extraction
Chelation/Electrodeposition of Toxic
Metals from Soils
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Chromated Copper Arsenate Soil
Leaching Process
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Volume Reduction Unit
In Situ Electrokinetic Extraction
System
Soil Recycling
Concentrated Chlorine Extraction and
Recovery of Lead
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
AMS™ Dual-Tube Liner Soil
Sampler
^arge Bore Soil Sampler
Core Barrel Soil Sampler
Solidification and Stabilization
Waste Vitrification Through Electric
vlelting
Dechlorination and Immobilization
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
3rocess
GeoMelt Vitrification
invirobond Solution
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
'rocess
Solidification and Stabilization
Soil Rescue Remediation Fluid
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/Solidification
Volume, Page
Number
V2,48
V2,64
V2.66
V2.68
V2,76
V1.114
VI, 118
V1.224
VI, 162
V2.136
V3,42
V3.16
V3,34
V3,62
VI, 50
V2.46
V1.78
V1.82
Vl,84
VI, 222
VI, 228
VI, 152
VI, 232
VI, 156
Page 256
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
[etals
continued)
Organics
PAHs
Treatment Type
olidification/
tabilization
ontinued)
lermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Sensors
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Cone Penetrometers
Contaminant Survey
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
iVASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
American Combustion,
[nc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Concurrent Technologies
Energy and
3nvironmental Research
Corp.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Horsehead Resource
Development Co., Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
PSI Technologies, A
Division of Physical
Sciences Inc.
Svedala Industries, Inc.
Vortec Corp.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Gruppo Italimpresse
COGNIS, Inc.
ECOVA Corp.
Environmental
BioTechnologies, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Space and Naval
Warfare Systems Center
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
Recycling Sciences
International, Inc.
Arctic Foundations, Inc
Bergmann. A Division
of Linatex. Inc.
Technology
olidification and Stabilization
obrdinate, Chemical Bonding, and
dsorption Treatment
YRETRON® Thermal Destruction
Cyclone Furnace
melting Lead-Containing Wastes
ybrid Fluidized Bed System
eactor Filter System
lame Reactor
luidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Petals Immobilization and
Decontamination of Aggregate Solids
PYROKILN THERMAL
ENCAPSULATION Process
Vitrification Process
Cryogenic Barrier
Geoprobe Conductivity System
Infrared Thermal Destruction
Jiological/Chemical Treatment
Bioslurry Reactor
'ungal Degradation Process
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
SCAPS Cone Penetrometer
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Electroheat-Enhanced Nonaqueous
Phase Liquids Removal
Thermal Desorption System
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Cryogenic Barrier
Soil and Sediment Washing
olunie, Page
Number
VI, 172
V2.114
V1.22
V1.44
V2.34
V2.40
V2.42
Vl,96
V2,60
V2,88
V2.100
VI, 236
VI, 190
V3.32
VI, 92
V2,36
Vl,64
V2.44
V2.58
VI, 140
V3.64
V3.82
VI, 196
VI, 112
Vl,220
VI, 190
VI ,26
Page 257
-------
- Ti'/ilh' IF"|i.',;!!;.;, t 'I;,; f,1!":1' »"-
ft.'
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
PAHs
(continued)
PCBs
' *•
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Samplers
Sensors
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-ray
'luorescence
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
hysical/ Chemical
reatment
Technology Vendor
BioGenesis Enterprises,
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Clements, Inc.
Fugro Geosciences, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Institute of Gas
Technology
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Metorex, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LCC
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
ELI Eco Logic
nternational, Inc.
KAI Technologies,
nc./Brown and Root
invironmental
New Jersey Institute of
technology
OHM Remediation
ervices Corp.
Recycling Sciences
nternational, Inc.
oilTech ATP Systems,
nc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
ergmann, A Division of
jnatex, Inc.
ioGenesis Enterprises,
nc.
enter for Hazardous
Materials Research
F Systems Corp.
' Technology
BioGenesis™ Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
IMC Environmental Subsoil Probe
Rapid Optical Screening Tool
Chemical and Biological Treatment
?luid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
'hytoremediation of Contaminated
Soils
Phytoremediation Process
Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence
Analysis
ixcavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Biotherm Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
GHEA Associates Process
X*TAX™ Thermal Desorption
)esorption and Vapor Extraction
ystem
Anaerobic Thermal Processors
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Low-Energy Extraction Process
LEEP)
oil and Sediment Washing
JioGenesisSM Soil & Sediment
Washing Process
rganics Destruction and Metals
tabilization
iquified Gas Solvent Extraction
LG-SX) Technology
Volume, Page
V1.32
V3,20
V3,24
V3.30
V2.56
V2.58
V2.128
Vl,210
V3,48
VI, 166
Vl,36
V1.68
VI, 70
VI, 106
V2.86
VI, 136
VI, 220
VI, 150
VI, 174
VI, 190
V2.20
VI, 26
Vl,32
V2.32
VI, 48
• '•• •] •
Page 258
: uk Hfi' lull'1!!* iirfllUiLkiiii. itiililiuiHii fl,,',-in
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
PCBs
continued)
Treatment Type
'hysical/Chemical
'reatment
continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Test Kits
Technology Vendor
Commodore
Environmental Services,
[nc.
General Atomics
tigh Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
onics RCC
T Corp.
TCorp.
Vlorrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/STG
Technologies
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
State U. of New York at
Oswego, Environmental
Research Center
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
3ruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Clements, Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Chemfix Technologies,
Inc.
Funderburk & Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Dexsil Corp.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Technology
olvated Electron Remediation
ystem
Circulating Bed Combustor
[igh-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Photolytic and Biological Soil
)etoxification
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
'rocess
ilectrochemical Peroxidation of
'CB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
PCB- and
Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil
Detoxification
VIobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Pield Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
JMC Environmental Subsoil Probe
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Solidification and Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
Ge'oMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
Environmental Test Kits
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Volume, Page
Number
VI ,56
VI, 80
V1.94
VI, 104
V2,68
V2.70
V1.114
VI, 116
V2.98
VI, 158
V2.104
V3.20
V3.42
V3.66
V3.78
V3.24
V3.34
VI, 50
VI ,78
V1.82
VI, 84
V1.152
VI, 172
V3.26
V3.38
Page 259
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
PCBs
(continued)
PCP
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Test Kits
(continued)
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Test Kits
Jiological
Degradation
Contaminant Survey
ystems
Materials Handling
hysical/ Chemical
Fhermal Desonrtion
Technology Vendor
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc
Energy and
Environmental-Research
Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
U. of Dayton Research
Institute
Vortec Corp.
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Recycling Sciences
international, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
^aboratory
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc. Corp.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
GRACE Bioremediation
'echnologies
nstitute of Gas
'echnology
nstitute of Gas
'echnology
3hytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
U.S. EPA
iotherm, LCC
Technology
EnviroGard™ PCB Immunoassay
Test Kit
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Cryogenic Barrier
"ield Analytical Screening Program -
PCP Method
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
System
Volume Reduction Unit
PCB- and
Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil
Detoxification
Ensys Penta Test System
EnviroGard™ PCB Immunoassay
Test Kit
RaPID Assay®)
Soil Washing System
n Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
'echnology
Chemical and Biological Treatment
'luid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
'hytoremediation of Contaminated
oils
hytoremediation Process
3ORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Excavation Techniques and Foam
uppression Methods
iotherm Process
Volume, Page
V3,70
VI, 44
V2,40
V2,60
V2.106
VI, 236
VI, 140
VI, 190
V3,80
VI, 220
VI, 118
V2.104
V3.68
V3,70
V3.72
VI, 40
V2.120
VI, 90
V2,56
V2.58
V2.128
V1.210
V3,82
VI, 166
VI, 36
iH <
11!:
Page 260
it!; ii I • -i ji it „!;: ' ; , ; . ill ..... 1 1, ,:!' , ,
; idii .....
: •' is ........ ; '« ' .• •! ..... . . • ««•*
, " , ,"' I i i, ;,', ::,"!»'.', I'i • ' • • ' i • ' '' ' ' '''
'" ,!; ", „ • iii, ni;,,;?!! ,,.'i,, i ;'!;i| , Ji,;, 'Si>;!:'< i i „;: jisi! i!,i, ilill jftl1", ";, f rj 1 '!> I • ,i,, ,;, :\,; , :,: !,:!, !•<;'"! i ; i'i '|i!l; 'ii:i !i«
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX {continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
'esticides
continued)
Treatment Type
hysical/ Chemical
[Tiermal Desorption
ontinued)
Physical/ Chemical
'reatment
Technology Vendor
iLI Eco Logic Inc.
iLI Eco Logic
[nternational, Inc.
£AI Technologies,
nc. /Brown and Root
nvironmental
OHM Remediation
ervices Corp.
lecycling Sciences
International, Inc.
mith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
oilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
toy F. Western, Inc.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
ART International, Inc.
Jergmann, A Division o:
Linatex, Inc.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
CF Systems Corp.
Commodore
Environmental Services,
Inc.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
General Atomics
High Voltage •
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
Morrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/STG
Technologies
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
State U. of New York a
Oswego, Environmental
Research Center
Technology
as-Phase Chemical Reduction
rocess
hermal Desorption Unit
ladio Frequency Heating
K*TAX™ Thermal Desorption
Jesorption and Vapor Extraction
ystem
x>w, Temperature Thermal Aeration
LTTA)
Anaerobic Thermal Processors
Loyv Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Low-Energy Extraction Process
(LEEP)
Soil and Sediment Washing
Organics Destruction and Metals
Stabilization
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Solvated Electron Remediation
System
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Circulating Bed Combustor
ligh-Energy Electron Irradiation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Photolytic and Biological Soil
Detoxification
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Electrochemical Peroxidation of
PCB-Contaminated Sediments and
Waters
Volume, Page
Number
V1.68
VI, 70
VI, 106
VI, 136
VI ,220
VI, 148
VI, 150
VI, 174
V1.190
V2.20
V1.26
V2.32
VI, 48
Vl,56
VI, 66
Vl,80 .
VI, 94
VI, 104
V2.68
V2,70
VI, 114
VI, 116
V2.98
Page 261
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
Pesticides
(continued)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Trinity Environmental
Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Art's Manufacturing and
Supply
Clements, Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
Chemfix Technologies,
Inc.
Funderburk & Associates
Geo-Con, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Soliditech, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Dexsil Corp.
Strategic Diagnostic,
he.
lanby Environmental
laboratory Procedure,
he.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
nstitute of Gas
Technology
J. of Dayton Research
nstitute
Vbrtec Corp.
COGNIS, Inc.
ECOVA Corp.
Technology
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
PCB- and
Organochlorine-Contaminated Soil
Detoxification •
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
AMS™ Dual-Tube Liner Soil
Sampler
FMC Environmental Subsoil Probe
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Core Barrel Soil Sampler
Solidification and Stabilization
Dechlorination and Immobilization
h Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solidification and Stabilization
Solidification and Stabilization
bn Mobility Spectrometry
Environmental Test Kits
Ensys Penta Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
n Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
lybrid Fluidized Bed System
FIuidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
Biological/Chemical Treatment
Bioslurrv Reactor
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 158
V2.104
V3.20
V3.66
V3.78
V3,16
V3.24
V3,34
V3,62
VI ,50
VI ,78
VI, 82
VI, 84
VI, 152
VI, 172
V3.36
V3.26
V3.68
V3,38
V3,72
VI, 44
V2,40
V2,60
V2.106
V1.236
V2.36
VI, 64
Page 262
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
'etroleum
lydrocarbons
continued)
Radionuclides
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Hological
Degradation
continued)
Cone Penetrometers
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
Hazardous Substance
Management Research
Center at New Jersey
nstitute of Technology,
nd Rutgers, the State U.
f New Jersey
Remediation
technologies, Inc.
Space and Naval
Warfare Systems Center
'ri-Services
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory. The U. of
Cincinnati and FRX,
Inc.
•few Jersey Institute of
Technology
SIVE Services
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Soliditech, Inc.
Thermo Nutech, Inc.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
Sergmann, A Division o:
Linatex, Inc.
IT Corp.
Sevenson Environmental
Services, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Harding Lawson
Associates
Biotrol®
ECOVA Corp.
GRACE Bioremediation
Technologies
Institute of Gas
Technoloev
Technology
'neumatic Fracturing and
Jioremediation Process
Liquid and Solids Biological
'reatment
SCAPS Cone Penetrometer
Site Characterization Analysis
Penetrometer System (SCAPS)
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
lydraulic Fracturing
GHEA Associates Process
Steam Injection and Vacuum
Jxtraction
Low, Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Cryogenic Barrier
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Solidification and Stabilization
Segmented Gate System
Cryogenic Barrier
Soil and Sediment Washing
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
MAECTITE® Chemical Treatment
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Cyclone Furnace
Two Zone, Plume Interception. In
Situ Treatment Technology
Soil Washing System
Bioslurry Reactor
DARAMEND™ Bioremediation
technology
Chemical and Biological Treatment
Volume, Page
Number
V2.52
VI, 140
V3.64
V3.76
V3.82
VI, 124
V2.86
VI, 230 '•
VI, 148
VI, 190
V3,66
VI, 152
V2.134
VI, 190 ':
VI, 26
V2,68
VI ,228
VI, 172 :
VI, 44
V2,48
VI, 40
VI ,64
VI, 90
V2,56
Page 263
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
<•:„•!; II, I!1,!!:1!,!!.
111 iiShO'. ,':,;":! Jill •" 111,1'
1,1.
'i 1
ll't
(ill,
•*•
.;
,,IH
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
SVOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
(continued)
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Materials Handling
"hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
Institute of Gas
Technology
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory and INTECH
180 Corp.
New York State Dept. of
Environment
Conservation/ENSR
Consulting and Larson
Engineers
New York State Dept. of
Environmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental,
inc.
IT Corp.
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Quadrel Services, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LCC
3LI Eco Logic Inc.
JLI Eco Logic
iiternational, Inc.
IT Research
nstitute/Brown and Root
invironmental
CAI Technologies,
nc./Brown and Root
Environmental
Vlaxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
•Tew Jersey Institute of
Technology
NOVATERRA, Inc.
OHM Remediation
Services Corp.
Recycling Sciences
nternational. Inc.
Technology
Fluid Extraction - Biological
Degradation Process
Bioventing
Fungal Treatment Technology
Bx Situ Biovault
in Situ Bioventing Treatment System
Oxygen Microbubble In Situ
Jioremediation
jquid and Solids Biological
Treatment
Emflux Soil-Gas Survey System
GORE-SORBER Screening Survey
Excavation Techniques and Foam
Suppression Methods
Hotherm Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'rocess
Thermal Desorption Unit
Radio Frequency Heating
Radio Frequency Heating
Thermal Desorption System
GHEA Associates Process
n-Situ Soil Treatments, (Steam/ Air
tripping)
X*TAX™ Thermal Desorption
Desorption and Vapor Extraction
vstem
Volume, Page
Number
V2.58
VI, 208
VI, 120
VI, 126
VI, 130
V2.126
VI, 140
V3.54
V3,82
VI, 166
Vl,36
VI, 68
VI ,70
VI, 102
VI, 106
VI, 112
V2.86
VI, 134
VI, 136
VI, 220
Page 264
Ill ill I I liWInlnllli nl III III 11 liiHJLli ill
j .iiiiilll'illl|iili;.i|i' Pliii'Aiillliliiiii
,;!iiiiliiii;,li JNJ'hl'if ,,i, iLu'iLij'^'"'!!!!!.!:' iiiifc ij1 f jiirriiiiJi; ifiijiim ,/• J! I,!,jiitt^ • iiJCiiii I i*'J",l!' .I'i'-l'ttliii:.*1'^'''^! ,,"i:i4li|!I'ji i' i lyi'1;. • ...|. ...'ilii ','• 'HI' -'I ,'li, i|i,:iiiii!il,|;l
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
continued)
Contaminants
VOCs
continued)
Treatment Type
hysical/ Chemical
hermal Desorption
continued)
hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology Vendor
IVE Services
mith Environmental
echnologies Corp.
oilTech ATP Systems,
[nc.
loy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
ergmann, A Division of
Linatex, Inc.
Center for Hazardous
Materials Research
CF Systems Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
inergia, Inc.
High Voltage
invironmental
Applications, Inc.
Jrubetz Environmental
Services, Inc.
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
National Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Terra Vac, Inc.
Toronto Harbour
Commission
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
U.S. EPA
Technology
team Injection and Vacuum
Extraction
x>w, Temperature Thermal Aeration
XTTA®)
Anaerobic Thermal Processors
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
neumatic Fracturing Extraction™
nd Catalytic Oxidation
oil and Sediment Washing
Organics Destruction and Metals
tabilization
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Electrokinetic Soil Processing
Reductive Thermal and
Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes
br Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
ligh-Energy Electron Irradiation
HRUBOUT® Process
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Process
Volume Reduction Unit
Sojvent Extraction Treatment System
In!Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
So'il Recycling
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
Volume, Page
Number
Vl,230
VI, 148
V1.150
VI, 174
VI, 190
V1.24
VI, 26
V2,32
VI, 48
VI, 66
V2.122
Vl,94
VI, 98
VI ,104
V2,68
VI, 116
V1.118
VI, 158
VI, 160
VI, 162
VI, 176
VI, 180
V3.20
V3,78
Page 265
-------
Ill
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
SVOCs
(continued)
VOCs
Treatment Type
Samplers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Other
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
Art's Manufacturing anc
Supply
Geoprobe Systems
Simulprobe
Technologies, Lie.
Chemfix Technologies,
[nc.
Geo-Con, Inc.
STC Remediation. A
Division of Omega
Environmental, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Sonotech, Inc.
Svedala Industries, Inc.
'exaco Inc.
U. of Dayton Research
nstitute
Vortec Corp.
Berkeley Environmental
Restoration Center
killings and Associates,
nc.
Jio-Rem, Inc.
ECOVA Corp.
Electrokinetics, Inc.
rational Risk
Management Research
Laboratory
New York State Dept. of
Environment
onservation/ENSR
onsulting and Larson
Technology
AMS™ Dual-Tube Liner Soil
Sampler
Large Bore Soil Sampler
Cote Barrel Soil Sampler
Solidification and Stabilization
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/Solidification
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
on Mobility Spectrometry
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
'luidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
'requency-Tunable Pulse Combustion
System
PYROKILN THERMAL
ENCAPSULATION Process
Texaco Gasification Process
Photothermal Detoxification Unit
Vitrification Process
n Situ Stream Enhanced Extraction
Process
ubsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation System (SVVS®)
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
ioremediation Process
Jioslurry Reactor
n Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
Jioventing
x Situ Biovault
Volume, Page
V3,16
V3.34
V3,62
VI, 50
V1.82
V1.156
VI, 172
V2.H4
V3,36
V3.72
VI, 44
V2.60
VI, 154
V2,100
VI, 162
V2,106
VI, 236
VI, 28
VI, 30
V1.34
V1.64
V2.120
VI, 208
VI, 126
Page 266
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
VOCs
continued)
Treatment Type
Jiological
)egradation
continued)
Contaminant Survey
Systems
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Technology Vendor
New York State Dept. of
invironmental
Conservation/R.E.
Wright Environmental,
Inc.
New York State Dept. of
Environmental
Conservation/SBP
Technologies, Inc.
TCorp.
'hytokinetics, Inc.
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Quadrel Services, Inc.
W.L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
AEA Technology
Environment
National Risk
Management Research
^aboratory. The U. of
Cincinnati and FRX,
Inc.
U.S. EPA
Biotherm, LCC
Geokinetics
International, Inc.
Hughes Environmental
Systems, Inc.
HT Research
Institute/Brown and Root
invironmental
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Contaminants
VOCs
(continued)
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
(continued)
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Smith Environmental
Technologies Corp.
SoilTech ATP Systems,
Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Arctic Foundations, Inc.
ARS Technologies, Inc.
Arizona State U./Zentox
Corp.
Berkeley Environmental
Restoration Center
CF Systems Corp.
Radian International
LCC
Energia, Inc.
Bnergia, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Irubetz Environmental
Services, Inc.
nstitute of Gas
Technology
Ionics RCC
IT Corp.
IT Corp.
KSE, Inc.
VIorrison Knudsen
Corp . /Spetstamponazhge
ologia Enterprises/STG
Technologies
National Risk
Management Research
.aboratory
'ulse Sciences, Inc.
?erra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Technology
Low, Temperature Thermal Aeration
(LTTA®)
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
(LT3™) System
Cryogenic Barrier
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction™
and Catalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic Oxidation with Air
Stripping
fa Situ Stream Enhanced Extraction
Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
(LG-SX) Technology
Integrated Vapor Extraction and
Steam Vacuum Stripping and Soil
Vapor Extraction/Reinjection
Reductive Photo-Dechlorination
Treatment
Reductive Thermal and
Photo-Thermal Oxidation Processes
for Enhanced Conversion of
Chlorocarbons
Sigh-Energy Electron Irradiation
HRUBOUT® Process
Supercritical Extraction/Liquid Phase
Oxidation
B.E.S.T. Solvent Extraction
Technology
Batch Steam Distillation and Metal
ixtraction
Mixed Waste Treatment Process
Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction
'rocess
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Volume Reduction Unit
X Ray Treatment of Organically
Contaminated Soils
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 148
VI, 150
VI, 174
VI, 190
VI ,24
V2.18
VI ,28
VI, 48
VI, 138
V2.38
V2,122
VI, 94
V1.98
V2.62
VI, 104
V2,64
V2.68
V1.200/
V2.24
VI, 114
VI, 118
V2.132
VI, 158
iijl
Page268
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX ([continued)
Media
Soil
(continued)
Solids
Contaminants
VOCs
(continued)
Other
Dioxins
Furans
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Samplers
Sensors
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Cone Penetrometers
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Terra Vac, Inc.
Roy F. Weston,
Inc./IEG Technologies
Xerox Corp.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Photovac Monitoring
Instruments
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Clements, Inc.
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
Geoprobe Systems
Fugro Geosciences, Inc.
Geo-Con, Inc.
WASTECH, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
Institute of Gas
Technology
Sonotech, Inc.
Svedala Industries, Inc.
Texaco Inc.
Vortec Corp.
Tri-Services
STC Remediation, A
Division of Omega
Environmental, inc.
Active Environmental,
Inc.
Active Environmental,
Inc.
Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Vacuum
Extraction
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well
2-PHASE™ EXTRACTION Process
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chrpmatograph
PE Photovac Voyager Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
JMC Envionmentalist's Subsoil Probe
Core Barrel Soil Sampler
Geoprobe Conductivity System
Rapid Optical Screening Tool
In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
Process
Solidification and Stabilization
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Fluidized-Bed/Cyclonic
Agglomerating Combustor
Frequency-Tunable Pulse Combustion
System
PYROKILN THERMAL
ENCAPSULATION Process
Texaco Gasification Process
Vitrification Process
Site Characterization Analysis
Penetrometer System (SCAPS)
Organic Stabilization and Chemical
Fixation/Solidification
TechXtract™ Process
TechXtract™ Process
Volume, Page
Number
V1.160
VI, 176
VI, 180
V3,20
V3,42
V3.56
V3,66
V3,78
V3,24
V3.62
V3.32
V3.30
VI, 82
VI, 172
V2.114
V3.36
V3.38
V2,40
V2.60
VI, 154
V2,100
VI, 162
VI, 236
V3.76
VI, 156
VI, 20
VI, 20
Page 269
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Solid
(continued)
Waste water
Contaminants
Metals
Mercury
PCBs
Pesticides
Aromatic VOCs
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Technology Vendor
Active Environmental,
Inc.
Bionebraska, Inc.
Active Environmental,
Inc.
Active Environmental,
Inc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental,
Inc.
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
[nc.
Analytical and Remedial
Technology, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP. Inc.
Technology
*
TechXtract™ Process
BiMelyze® Mercury Immunoassay
TechXtract™ Process
TechXtract™ Process
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
In Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module System
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX} Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Cross Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and Analytical
Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
[on Mobility Spectrometry
Volume, Page
Number
VI ,20
V3,18
VI, 20
VI, 20
V1.38
V2,120
VI, 184
VI, 142
VI ,48
V2,54
VI, 94
VI, 108
VI, 110
V2.90
VI, 144
VI, 182
V3.14
V3,20
V3.42
V3.60
V3.66
V3.78
VI, 178
V3,36
Page 270
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Wastewater
(continued)
Contaminants
Aromatic VOCs
(continued)
Cyanide
Dioxins
Explosives
Furans
«
Halogenated
VOCs
Treatment Type
Test Kits
biological
Degradation
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
'ortable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
lanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
nc.
'intail Systems, Inc.
iLI Eco Logic Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
•ligh Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
3ruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
>Jew Jersey Institute of
Technology
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Matrix Photocatalytic
[nc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Biotrol®
ZENON Environmental,
Inc.
Technology
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Spent Ore Bioremediation Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'rocess
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX} Technology
ligh Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
VIobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
'.on Mobility Spectrometry
Cyclone Furnace
GHEA Associates Process
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX} Technology
High Energy Electron Irradiation
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Cy'clone Furnace
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
ZenoGem™ Process
Volume, Page
Number
V3,38
VI, 214
Vl,68
VI, 48
VI, 94
VI, 110
V1.144
V3,20
VI, 178
V3.36
VI, 44
V2.86
VI, 168
VI, 68
V1.48
VI, 94
VI, 110
VI, 144
V3,20
VI, 178
V3,36
Vl,44
V1.38
VI, 184
Page 271
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
',„», i'UM <; I1W
! .'. t
Media
Wastewater
(continued)
Contaminants
Halogenated
VOCs
(continued)
Heavy Metals
Herbicides
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Thermal Destruction
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Biological
Degradation
Technology Vendor
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
CP Systems Corp.
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
Analytical and Remedial
Technology, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Biotrol®
Technology
GHEA Associates Process
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX} Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds in
Groundwater
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb™ 563 Adsorbent
Cross Flow Pervaporation System
Automated Sampling and Analytical
Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
ton Mobility Spectrometry
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
Volume, Page
Number
V2,86
VI ,48
VI, 72
V2.54
VI, 94
VI, 108
VI, 110
V2.90
VI, 144
VI, 168
V2.112
V2.116
VI, 182
V3.14
V3,20
V3.60
V3.66
V3.78
V1.178
V3,36
V2.40
V3.44
V3.20
V1.38
•• •• • ••• • • i
Page 272
I hi 11 | in 1 il h
mi i nil • n i inn in linn mi lip ni
I I II
111 HP i lip i ii •
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Wastewater
(continued)
Contaminants
Herbicides
(continued)
Inorganics
Metals
Treatment Type
Biological
Degradation
(continued)
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal
Destruction
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Biological
Degradation
'ield Portable X-ray
'luorescence
'hysical/ Chemical
ladioactive Waste
Treatment
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental,
Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
iic. Corp.
3WX Technologies, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Colorado Dept. of Public
Health and
invironmental
Dintail Systems, Inc.
'intail Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Vfetorex, Inc.
'ilter Flow Technology,
nc.
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Wastewater
(continued)
Contaminants
Metals
(continued)
PAHs
PCBs
Treatment Type
"hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Thermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Biological
Degradation
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Technology Vendor
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
2.1. DuPont de Nemours
nd Company, and
Oberlin Filter Co.
Jynaphore, Inc.
inviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
EPOC Water, Inc.
Cure International, Inc.
,ewis Environmental
Services, Inc./Hickson
Corp.
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corporation/Spetstampon
azhgeologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
RECRA Environmental,
Inc.
Selentec Environmental,
Inc.
J. of Washington
HNU Systems, Inc.
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Sruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
SRI Instruments
ZENON Environmental,
Inc.
Vfetorex, Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
Technology
Ultrasonic-Aided Leachate Treatment
Membrane Microfiltration
FORAGER® Sponge
leactive Barrier
'recipitation, Microfiltration, and
Sludge Dewatering
CURE® Electrocoagulation
Wastewater Treatment System
Chromated Copper Arsenic Soil
Beaching Process
'hotocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Alternating Current
ilectrocoagulation Technology
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Adsorptive Filtration
HNU GC 31 ID Portable Gas
Chromatograph
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
vlobile Environmental Monitor
Compact Gas Chromatograph
ZenoGem™ Process
Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence
Analysis
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
GHEA Associates Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Volume, Page
Number
V2,24
V1.60
VI, 62
VI, 194
VI, 74
V1.58
V2.76
V1.110
VI, 114
V2.92
VI ,226
V2.HO
V3.42
VI, 178
VI, 44
V2,40
VI, 144
V3,20
V3,66
VI, 184
V3,48
V1.68
V2,86
VI, 46
iilll'M i:1-:" ,!
IKS, ! B , ,;»
T:Page 274
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Wastewater
(continued)
Contaminants
PCBs
(continued)
PCP
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
(continued)
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
liermal Destruction
'hysical/ Chemical
'reatment
Test Kits
Technology Vendor
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
Morrison Knudsen
Corporation/Spetstampon
azhgeologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
3ruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
he.
lanby Environmental
.aboratory Procedure,
nc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
Strategic Diagnostic,
nc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX} Technology
High Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field: Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
on Mobility Spectrometry
insys Penta Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
n Soil and Water
Cyclone Furnace
lybrid Fluidized Bed System
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Ensys Penta Test System
EnviroGard™ PCP Immunoassay
Test Kit
Volume, Page
dumber
VI ,48
V2.54
VI, 94
VI, 108
VI, 110
VI, 114
VI, 144
VI, 168
V3.20
V3.42
V3.60
V3.66
V3.78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.68
V3.38
VI, 44
V2.40
V1.144
VI, 168
V3,68
V3,70
Page 275
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
• l,::
Media
Wastewater
(continued)
Contaminants
PCP
(continued)
'esticides
Treatment Type
Test Kits
continued)
Jiological
Degradation
'hysical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
'hysical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Technology Vendor
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
Biotrol®
ilectrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental,
Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
ligh Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
ligh Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Magnum Water
Technology
Matrix Photocatalytic
Inc.
vlorrison Knudsen
Corporation/Spetstampon
azhgeologia
Enterprises/STG
Technologies
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
Inc. Corp.
Technology
RaPID Assay®
biological Aqueous Treatment
System
n Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
'rocess
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX} Technology
ligh Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
ligh Energy Electron Irradiation
CAV-OX® Process
Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Clay-Base Grouting Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Scentograph Plus II Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ensys Penta Test System
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
RaPID Assay®
Volume, Page
Number
V3.72
VI ,38
V2.120
VI, 184
VI ,68
VI, 46
VI, 48
V2.54
VI, 94
VI, 108
VI, 110
VI, 114
VI, 144
VI, 168
V3.20
V3,60
V3,66
V3.78
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.68
V3,38
V3,72
Page 276
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Wastewater
(continued)
Contaminants
Pesticides
(continued)
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Radionuclides
SVOCs
Treatment Type
Thermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Test Kits
Physical/ Chemical
Radioactive Waste
Treatments
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
Technology Vendor
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
SBP Technologies, Inc.
SRI Instruments
Idetek, Inc.
Filter Flow Technology,
Inc.
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Selentec Environmental,
Inc.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Biotrol®
ZENON Environmental,
Inc.
ELI Eco Logic Inc.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Analytical and Remedial
Technology, Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
GHEA Associates Process
pero)j:-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Compact Gas Chromatograph
Equate® Immunoassay
Colloid Polishing Filter Method
Chemical Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Ultrasonic- Aided Leachate Treatment
Selentec MAG*SEP Technology
Cyclone Furnace
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
ZenoGem™ Process
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction
Process
GHEA Associates Process
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX} Technology
High' Energy Electron Beam
Irradiation
High Energy Electron Irradiation
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Automated Sampling and Analytical
Platform
Mobile Environmental Monitor
Volume, Page
Number
VI, 44
V2.40
V2.86
VI, 46
VI, 144
V3.66
V3.46
VI, 76
V2.22
V2.24
VI, 226
VI, 44
V1.38
VI, 184
Vl,68
V2.86
VI, 46
VI, 48
V2,54
VI, 94
V2,90
VI, 144
V3.14
V3.20
Page 277
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Wastewater
(continued)
, i;.:
Contaminants
SVOCs
(continued)
VOCs
lii, ii 'i iillii
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatographs
[continued)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Biological
Degradation
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
•
Technology Vendor
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Strategic Diagnostic,
[nc. Corp.
BWX Technologies, Inc.
Biotrol®
Electrokinetics, Inc.
ZENON Environmental,
[nc.
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation Technologies
CF Systems Corp.
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Pulse Sciences, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
U.S. Filter/WTS Ultrox
UV Technologies, Inc.
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
ZENON Environmental
Inc.
Bruker Analytical
Systems, Inc.
HNU Systems, Inc.
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
SRI Instruments
' 'i ' "
Technology
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*WW*ER™ Technology
RaPID Assay®
Cyclone Furnace
Biological Aqueous Treatment
System
[n Situ Bioremediation by
Electrokinetic Injection
ZenoGem™ Process
GHEA Associates Process
Rochem Disc Tube™ Module System
perox-pure™ Chemical Oxidation
Technology
Liquified Gas Solvent Extraction
[LG-SX} Technology
In Situ and Ex Situ Metal Enhanced
Abiotic Degradation of Dissolved
Halogenated Organic Compounds in
Groundwater
Reactive Barrier
High Energy Electron Irradiation
X-ray Treatment of Aqueous
Solutions
Membrane Filtration and
Bioremediation
Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidation
PhotoCAT™ Process
Ambersorb™ 563 Adsorbent
Cross Flow Pervaporation System
Mobile Environmental Monitor
HNU Source Excited Fluorescence
Analyzer-Portable (SEFA-P) X-Ray
Fluorescence Analyzer
Scentograph Plus n Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Compact Gas Chromatograph
; i
Volume, Page
Number
V3.78
VI, 178
V3.72
VI, 44
V1.38
V2.120
VI, 184
V2.86
VI, 142
V1.46
V1.48
VI ,72
VI, 194
VI, 94
V2.90
VI, 144
VI, 168
V2,112
V2,116
VI, 182
V3.20
V3.42
V3.60
V3,66
C "i:!|!i
Page 278
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
Media
Wastewater
(continued)
Other
Contaminants
VOCs
(continued)
Other
Aromatic VOCs
Dioxins
Furans
Halogenated
VOCs
Metals
PCBs
Pesticides
Treatment Type
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
(continued)
Solidification/
Stabilization
Spectrometers
Test Kits
Thermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Field Portable X-ray
Fluorescence
Materials Handling
Solidification/
Stabilization
'hermal Destruction
Physical/ Chemical
'reatment
olidification/
tabilization
'hysical/ Chemical
'reatment
olidification/
tabilization
Technology Vendor
U.S. EPA
Wheelabrator Clean Air
Systems, Inc.
Graseby Ionics, Ltd.,
and PCP, Inc.
Hanby Environmental
Laboratory Procedure,
[nc.
Energy and
Environmental Research
Corp.
>Jorth American
Technologies Group,
Inc.
iECRA Environmental,
'nc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Perra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
'rocess Technologies,
nc.
Geosafe Corp.
NITON Corp.
TN Spectrace
ABA Technology
Environment
Geosafe Corp.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
Concurrent Technologies
'erra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
'erra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Geosafe Corp.
Technology
Field Analytical Screening Program -
PCB Method
PO*W;W*ER™ Technology
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Test Kits for Organic Contaminants
in Soil and Water
Hybrid Fluidized Bed System
Oleoph'ilic Amine-Coated Ceramic
Chip
Alternating Current
Electrocoagulation Technology
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
GeoMelt Vitrification
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
GeoMelt Vitrification
Photolytic Destruction of
Vapor-Phase Halogens
GeoMelt Vitrification
XL Spectrum Analyzer
9000 X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer
ind Lead X-ray Fluorescence
Analyzer
Soil Separation and Washing Process
GeoMelt Vitrification
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Smelting Lead-Containing Wastes
Solvent; Extraction Treatment System
GeoMelt Vitrification
olvent Extraction Treatment System
GeoMelt Vitrification
Volume, Page
V3J8
VI, 178
V3.36
V3.38
V2.40
VI, 132
V2.92
V2.114
VI, 158
Vl,84
VI, 158
Vl,84
V1.218
V1.84
V3.52
V3,74
V2.16
VI, 84
V2.114
V2.34
VI, 158
V1.84
V1.158
Vl,84
Page 279
-------
APPLICABILITY INDEX (continued)
l«
Media
Other
(continued)
- >•• * • """"' i'1
Contaminants
SVOCs
VOCs
Not Applicable
Treatment Type
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Materials Handling
Physical/ Chemical
Thermal Desorption
Physical/ Chemical
Treatment
Solidification/
Stabilization
Data Management
Technology Vendor
Process Technologies,
Inc.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
AEA Technology
Environment
Process Technologies,
Inc.
Terra-Kleen Response
Group, Inc.
Western Product
Recovery Group, Inc.
GIS\Solutions, Inc.
Technology
Photolytic Destruction of
Vapor-Phase Halogens
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
Soil Separation and Washing Process
Photolytic Destruction of
Vapor-Phase Halogens
Solvent Extraction Treatment System
Coordinate, Chemical Bonding, and
Adsorption Treatment
GISYKey™ Environmental Data
Management Svstem
Volume, Page
Number
V1.218
VI, 158
V2.114
V2.16
V1.218
VI, 158
V2.H4
V1.88
Jin
:irs '
;;•-$;•:
* U. S. QpVEBNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1999-46O-902/15033
Page 280
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