In 1980, the U.S. Congress passed the Comprehen-
sive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liabil-
ity Act (CERCLA), also known as Superfund, committed
to protecting human health and the environment from
uncontrolled hazardous wastes sites. CERCLA was
amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reautho-
rization Act (SARA) In 1986 — amendments that empha-
size the achievement of long-term effectiveness and
permanence of remedies at Superfund sites. SARA man-
dates Implementing permanent solutions and using al-
ternative treatment technologies or resource recovery
technologies, to the maximum extent possible, to clean
up hazardous waste sites.

State and federal agencies, as well as private par-
ties, are now exploring a growing number of innovative
technologies for treating hazardous wastes. The sites on
the National Priorities List total over 1200 and comprise a
broad spectrum of physical, chemical, and environmen-
tal conditions requiring varying types of remediation. The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has focused
on policy, technical, and informational issues related to
exploring and applying new remediation technologies
applicable to Superfund sites. One such initiative is EPA's
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) pro-
gram, which was established to accelerate develop-
ment, demonstration, and use of innovative technolo-
gies for site cleanups. EPA SITE Technology Capsules
summarize the latest information available on selected
innovative treatment and site remediation technologies
and related issues. These capsules are designed to help
EPA remedial project managers, EPA on-scene coordi-
nators, contractors, and other site cleanup managers
understand the types of data and site characteristics
needed to effectively evaluate a technology's applica-
bility for cleaning up Superfund sites.

This Capsule provides information on the BioGenesis™
soil washing technology, a technology developed to
remove organic compounds from soil. The BioGenesis
process was evaluated under EPA's SITE program In No-
vember 1992 at a refinery where soils were contami-
nated with crude oil. Information in this Capsule empha-
sizes specific site characteristics and results of the SITE
field demonstration at the refinery. Results obtained in-
dependently by BioGenesis at the refinery and at a
wood treating site in Canada were provided by
BioGenesis and are summarized in the Technology Sta-
tus section. This Capsule presents the following informa-
tion:

. Abstract
. Technology description
. Technology applicability
. Technology limitations
. Process residuals
. Site requirements
. Performance data
. Technology status
. Source of further information

Abstract

Soil washing technologies are designed to transfer
contaminants from soil to a liquid phase. The BioGenesis™
soil washing technology uses a proprietary surfactant
solution to transfer organic contaminants from soil to
wastewater. The surfactant used in the soil washing pro-
cess was selected to enhance biodegradation to further
reduce residual contaminant levels. The BioGenesis™ soil

Printed on Recycled Paper

-------
washing process was evaluated under the SITE program
at a refinery where soil was contaminated with crude oil.
Chemical analyses results show that levels of total recov-
erable petroleum hydrocarbons (TRPH), an indicator of
degraded crude oil, decreased by 65 to 73 percent in
washed soils. The TRPHs in residual soils were allowed to
blodegrade In a laboratory for an additional 180 days.
Results Indicate that soil washing and blodegradatlon
together removed 85 to 88 percent of TRPH In treated soil
after 120 days. Further reductions in TRPH levels were not
observed after 120 days. BloGenesIs expects that TRPH
levelsiln treated soil from the site will eventually be re-
duced to levels that meet regulatory requirements for use
as fill material.

TRPH concentrations in wastewater range from 76 to
1,500 milligrams/Liter (mg/L). Large amounts of fine par-
ticles were present In the wastewater. Approximately 3,500
gallons (gal) of wastewater were generated during each
run because the wastewater was not recycled. Waste-
water generated during the SITE demonstration was
treated at the refinery's treatment facility.

The BioGenesis soil washing technology was evalu-
ated based on seven criteria used for decision making in
the Superfund feasibility study (FS) process. Results of the
evaluation are summarized in Table 1.

Technology Description

Soil washing is conducted with water in a slurry phase
and conventionally relies on mechanical processes to
separate particles that contain contaminants. Soil wash-
ing can potentially treat a wide variety of contaminants
such as heavy metals, halogenated solvents, aromatics,
gasoline, fuel oils, Polychlorlnated biphenyls (PCBs), and
chlorinated phenols. The process is based on the fact
that contaminants adhere to fine-grained soil (e.g., silt
and clay) and organic carbon instead of coarse-grained
soil (e.g., sand and gravel).

The BioGenesis soil washing technology was devel-
oped to remove organic compounds from both fine-
and coarse-grained soil. The technology uses a propri-
etary solution called BioGenesis cleaner to transfer or-
ganic compounds from the soil matrix to a liquid phase.
The BioGenesis process Involves high-energy mixing of
excavated contaminated soils In a mobile washing unit.
Because the BioGenesis cleaner, a complex alkaline blend
of surfactants, is rapidly degraded by soil microbes, the
contaminant-rich wastewater generated during the pro-
cess can be blodegraded in an aerated reactor. Also,
residual BioGenesis solution remaining on soil particles
stimulates the blodegradatlon of soil contaminants not
removed by the washing process.

Figure 1 Is a schematic diagram of the BioGenesis
soil washing treatment unit used for the SITE technology
demonstration at the refinery. The soil washing unit was
fitted with an oil skimmer, a baffle filter, and an air com-
pressor. Support equipment, such as an American Petro-
leum Institute (API) oil/water separator, oil coalescer, hold-
ing tanks, and bloreactor, were not used during the
refinery demonstration. The water used for soil washing
was supplied by the refinery and was not recycled Steam
was used to raise the temperature of the wash water to
Table I. Criferio Evo/uol/on forfhe BioGenesis Soil Washing Technology

«
Criteria
Reducfion of
Tbxicify, Mobility,
Overal Protection of Long-Term or Volume
Human Health and Compliance with Effectiveness Through Short-Term
the Environment Federal ARARs* and Performance Treatment Effectiveness Implementability Costf
Provides both short-
ond long-term pro-
tection by eliminating
contaminants in soil..
Prevents further
groundwater
contamination and
off-site migration.
iRequires measures to
protect workers and
community during
excavation, handling
and treatment
Requires
compliance with
RCRA treatment,
storage, and land
disposal regulations .
(of a hazardous
waste).
Excavation and
construction ond
operation of on-slte
treatment unit may
requite compliance
with location-
specific ARARs.
Emission controls
are needed to
ensure compliance
with oir quofily
standards, if
volatile compounds
are present.
Effectivefy
removes
contamination
source.
Involves wel-
demonstrated
technique for
removal of
contaminants.
Involves some
residuals
treatment (spent
carbon,
wastewater,
sediment) or
disposal.
Significantly reduces
toxicity, mobility,
and volume of soil
confaminanfs
through treatment.

Presents potential
short-term risks
to workers and
community from
air release during
excavafion ond
handling.

Involves few
administrative
difficulties.
Used of ofher
sires to address
soil
contamination.

$106-$444
per cubic
yord

*Applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements.
'Actual cost of a remediation technology is highly site-specific and dependent on the original target cleanup level, confaminanf concenfrafions, soil
choracferisfics, ond volume of soil. Cosf data presenfed in this fable ore for treating ISO fo 1,000 cubic yards of soil.

-------
     Confom/nofed
          soli
                                        Wash Unit
                                                            Filter
                                                            Unit
                                                                   Effluent From
                                                                    Wash Unit
                                   To Wastwater
                                   Treatment P/ant
                                                                         Treated Soil
figure 1. Biogenesis soil washing process.

60°c before its introduction into the wash unit. Wastewa-
ter from the soil wash unit was pumped to the refinery's
wastewater treatment system, which Is equipped with oil/
water separators.

    During the treatment  process at the refinery, the
BioGenesis system pumped approximately 1,000 gal of
water into the wash unit and loaded it with as much as 20
cubic yards (cy yd) of soil. After the wash unit was loaded,
three  mechanical  shakers on each side of the wash unit
agitated the soil and water mixture. Next, about 1,500 gal
of additional water and approximately  8 gal of BioGenesis
cleaner were pumped into the wash unit. The resulting
slurry was agitated by the shakers and a series of aerators
at the bottom of the wash unit. After the slurry was suffi-
ciently mixed, approximately 1 ,000 gal of additional wa-
ter was added to  raise the  fluid level, allowing floating oil
product to  flow out of screened ports  on the sides of the
wash unit. Once the floating  oil product was removed,
the soil was agitated  again.

    When agitation was complete, the fluid level was
raised, and floating oil product was again  removed from
the system. Valves at the bottom of the wash unit were
then opened, and contaminated wastewater  was  drained
from the wash unit. The process of adding water and
BioGenesis  cleaner and agitating the soil was repeated.
Treated soil was then drained of wastewater, removed
from the wash unit and placed in a holding area for
sampling and for biodegradatlon. Because no bloreactor
was used during the demonstration at the refinery, the
contaminated wastewater was pumped to the refinery's
wastewater treatment system.  Refinery personnel were
responsible  for the disposal  or recycling of treated waters.

Technology Applicability

    The BioGenes soil washing technology can be used
as a stand-alone technology because it Includes  biodeg-
                                                                    Makeup Water
radation to reduce residual contaminant levels and toxic-
Ity of washed soils. In general, soils containing sand and
other  coarse materials are the most Ideal for treatment
by soil washing. Soil containing  large amounts of silt, clay,
and humlc substances, and soils with high total organic
carbon (TOC) content are not treated as effectively by
most soil washing  technologies.  BioGenesis claims that its
technology may  be effective for soils  containing high
percentages of silt and clay. The BioGenesis technology
also does  not require the screening out of particles larger
than 4 to 6 inches In diameter. However, to ensure  repre-
sentative sampling for monitoring purposes, it is prefer-
able to screen out large particles because contaminants
associated with large particles are usually minimal.

    BioGenesis  claims  that the process Is capable of ex-
tracting volatile and nonvolatile hydrocarbons, including
petroleum  hydrocarbons,  chlorinated  hydrocarbons, pes-
ticides, PCBs, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
from most soils. Including clays. Under the SITE program, in
addition to the refinery site, the  BioGenesis technology
has been tested at one other site. A treatabllity study was
conducted in Santa Maria, CA where  soils were contami-
nated with heavy bottom residues of the petroleum distil-
lation process. The results from the treatability study indi-
cate that for soils contaminated  with heavy petroleum
hydrocarbons, more than one washing  cycle  Is  needed
to reduce contaminant levels In treated  soils.

Technology  Limitations

    In general, soil washing technologies  only reduce con-
taminant  volume. Because the BioGenesis process uses
both soil washing  and biodegradation, however, reduc-
tion in contaminant mass,  toxicity. and volume reduction
are expected.

    Contaminants in silty or clayey soils are usually strongly
sorbed and difficult to remove, and soil washing tech-

-------
nologies are generally ineffective. BioGenesis claims that
its process  E effective in soils with high clay concentra-
tions. Soils treated at the refinery were sandy In nature
with 5% silt and 6% clay content.

    According to BioGenesis, Its technology is capable of
treating  soil  contaminated with  both organic compounds
and metals. However, this SITE demonstration was de-
signed to evaluate  organics removal only. It should be
noted that  high concentrations of metals may be toxic to
microorganisms involved  In blodegradation of organics.
Cold climates may also adversely affect the rate of bio-
degradation.

Process Residuals

    The BioGenesis process generates three waste streams:
treated  soilds, wastewater, and sediments in wastewater.
A fourth waste stream, air emissions, potentially can be
generated  If soils contain  volatile compounds.

    After washing and biodegradation, treated solids may
require disposal at permitted facilities. Because contami-
nated soil at the refinery was not hazardous as defined by
RCRA, it was being stored In a large pile at the refinery.
TRPHs in the treated soil from the refinery will be allowed
to biodegrade for the amount of time  that BioGenesis
expects will be needed for TRPHs to decrease to levels
that will  meet local regulatory requirements for the reuse
of the soil as fill material.

    Wastewater will usually require further treatment. For
most sites,  BioGenesis proposes to  recycle wastewater
and treat It with its oil/water separators and the bioreactor.
Such equipment was not used at the refinery, however,
sediments In the wastewater, if present at appreciable
amounts,  require further treatment. Although the
BioGenesis wash unit is equi ppedwith carbon filters to
treat volatile emissions, they were not used at the refinery
because volatile compounds were not present in the
refinery  soil.

Site  Requirements

    The BioGenesis soil washing system consists of sev-
eral major components: the wash  unit, the volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC)  emissions  hood, holding tanks,
oil skimmers, strainers, transfer pumps, the API separator,
the oil coalescer,  a bioreactor, and a flat-bed trailer for
ancillary equipment.  Once onsite. the treatment system
can be  operational within 1 day If all necessary facilities,
equipment,  utilities,  and supplies  are avalible.  Onsite
assembly and  maintenance requirements are expected
to be minimal. After the  treatment is completed, the
treatment system can  be  demobilized and moved offsite
within 1  day. Access roads are needed for equipment
transport. Approximately  30,000 sq ft are needed to ac-
commodate the BioGenesis unit,  support equipment
and  facilities,  treated and  untreated soil and water, and
office trailer. A paved area Is needed to accommodate
the wash unit. Berms  are needed to control soil and water
runoff. A storage area Is needed to allow soils to  biode-
grade over time.

    If contaminated soil requires excavation before soil
washing, the soils should  be wetted to minimize particu-
late emissions. If volatile compounds are present in soils,
the wash unit should be covered, and volatile emissions
should be collected and treated with the carbon filter
system.

    Utility requirements for the BioGenesis system are wa-
ter, electricity, compressed air, and, at some sites, steam.
Approximately  3,500 gal  of water are needed  to treat 18
cu yd of soil. If wastewater recycling is possible, the total
volume of water needed to treat large volumes of soils
could be less than 5,000 gal. The BioGenesis  system  re-
quires one 200-ampere.  480-volt, triple-phase electrical
circuit. BioGenesis equipment includes a  48-ft-long flat-
bed trailer that houses a  generator to supply the required
electricity. The flat-bed trailer also houses three 25-hp. air-
cooled air compressors.  If residential neighborhoods are
near the treatment site, an alternative source  of electric-
ity Is needed because the generator may violate noise
requirements.

Performance  Data

    Because the BioGenesis technology was  developed
to treat soils contaminated with organic compounds and
because the principal contaminants  In soil from the refin-
ery are degraded petroleum hydrocarbons, TRPHs were
considered  the critical parameter. Approximately  2,000
cu  yd of soils  at the refinery were contaminated with
crude oil, as indicated by high concentrations  of TRPHs.
Results of soil analyses indicate that all other  chemicals,
including  VOCs.  were either not detected or were present
at low levels In untreated soils.

    The BioGenesis technology was evaluated to deter-
mine its ability to extract TRPHs from soil. The objectives for
the project  were to:

  • determine removal efficiencies for TRPHs In the treat-
    ment system,
  . evaluate whether the treatment system's performance
    Is  reproducible at constant operating conditions,
  • gather information necessary to estimate  treatment
    costs, including process chemical dosages and utility
    requirements, and
  . obtain Information on biodegradation of residual TRPHs
    In washed soil by monitoring TRPH concentrations  in the
    treated soil over a period  of time.

    Three runs were conducted on three different batches
of 18 cu yd of soil at the  refinery over 2 days. Each batch
of soil was washed  twice with water containing the
BioGenesis solution at a temperature of  60  _C. Mixing
time, solution concentration, and mixing intensity were
kept at constant operating  conditions. TRPH concentra-
tions In treated and contaminated soils, water,  and waste-
water were monitored. Other parameters monitored in-
cluded percent moisture in soils, metals concentration,
pH, particle size distribution, and TOC of selected soil
samples: volume and density of untreated  soils; and total
suspended  soilds (TSS) of  wastewater samples. Metals con-
centrations were monitored to determine  toxicity poten-
tial to microorganisms. Percent moisture,  TOC, particle
size distribution, and pH were  monitored to  determine the
physical and chenical characteristics of the soil that may
affect  treatment. Volume and density were monitored  to
determine the quantity  of soil treated. The amount of
soilds  transferred to  the  liquid phase was determined by
monitoring TSS in wastewater.

-------
    Analytical results for untreated and washed soils from
Runs 1, 2, and 3 are presented In Tables 2, 3, and 4,
respectivety. The metals concentration data show that
metals were present at levels generally found in natural
soils and were not expected to be toxic to microorgan-
isms. Metals concentrations  In the treated and untreated
soils did not, and were not expected to, reflect any
discernable effect of the  soil washing because metals
were not targeted with a metal washing surfactant blend.
TOC and pH,  which were analyzed for  untreated  soil only,
showed comparable values between runs. TOC values,
which ranged from 1.6% to 1.8%, indicated that petro-
leum hydrocarbons would strongly sorb onto the soil. These
TOC values, however, are  comparable to values gener-
ally found in surface soils. T he  pH In untreated soils was
near neutral levels and was not expected to affect the
treatment process. Soils at  the refinery had average  par-
ticle size distribution of 13% gravel, 76% sand, 6% silt, and
5% clay.

    Average TRPH concentrations in treated and un-
treated soils are summarized In Table 5 below. The vol-
ume of soils treated durtng each run  was 18 cu yd. The
masses of soils treated during each run were the  same for
all runs because only an average soil density value was
determined for all untreated soil TRPH removal during
Runs  1,2, and 3 were 65%. 73%. and 72%. respectively.
These data show that the treatment system's performance
Is reproducible at constant operating  conditions.

    Although wastewater samples were collected  during
the demonstration, some of the wastewater was dis-
charged directly Into the  drains leading to the refinery's
wastewater treatment system. During  each  wash, waste-
water samples were collected twice: once from waste-
water skims containing mostly oily materials and  again
from wastewater drained at the end  of the wash. In the
wastewater skims for all runs, TRPH values  ranged from 76
to 1,500 mg/L,  and TSS values ranged from 12,000 to
83,000 mg/L. At the end of the wash, TRPH values In
wastewater ranged from 95 to 700 mg/L, and TSS values
ranged from 4,000 to 7,000 mg/L. The TSS data indicate
that large amounts of fines were present In  the wastewa-
ter. A mass balancing of TRPHs in the system was not
possible because the volume of wastewater was  not avail-
able.  TRPH concentrations  in water from the storage tank
and in  BioGenesis  cleaner were either at low levels or
below detection limits and were not expected to affect
TRPH levels  in soils.

    Treated soils from Runs 2 and 3 were collected In 5-
gal buckets and stored at 20 °C In a  laboratory for moni-
toring over a period of time. Samples were collected
from the buckets on Day 14, Day 40. Day 60. Day 90. Day
 120, and Day  180 after soil washing to determine the
extent of biodegradation in treated  soil. Results of TRPH
analyses are presented In Table 6. Average TRPH concen-
trations in these samples are plotted  in Figure 2. Table 6
and  Figure 2 indicate that TRPH concentrations contin-
 ued to  decrease at the end of 120 days. However, TRPH
levels were higher in samples collected on  Day 180 than
levels In samples collected on Day 120, Indicating cessa-
tion of biodegradation between 120 and 180 days. It
should be noted that at the beginning of the treatability
study, additional nutrients were added to the laboratory
samples.  It is probable that biodegradation ceased due
to nutrient limitations. BioGenesis applied  supplemental
nutrients to on-site treated soils between 120 and 150
days, and expects that treated soils at this site will con-
tinue to blodegrade. The microorganisms apparently re-
quired an acclimatization period of about 40 days.

    Results of TRPH  concentrations In untreated and
washed soils from Run 1 and TRPH concentrations after
following washing and biodegradation from Runs 2 and 3
are plotted In Figure 3. Washed  and blodegraded soil
from Run  2 showed a removal efficiency of 83% and from
Run 3.88%.

    Information available on capital and utility costs are
preliminary In nature. Based on available information, the
treatment cost for l,000cuydof soil Is $106/cuyd.This
cost  can  be expected to vary depending on contamina-
tion type, level, and volume of soil treated.

Technology Status

    BioGenesis completed washing 2,000 cu yd of crude
oil-contaminated  soil at the refinery. In addition to samples
collected during the SITE demonstration, three untreated
soil samples were collected by BioGenesis  ih April, July,
and October 1992. Results of TRPH analyses, conducted
by an independent  laboratory show TRPH levels ranging
from 16,500 to 40,148 mg/Kg. Results of untreated soil
samples  and results of treated samples collected during
SITE demonstration, show TRPH removal efficiencies rang-
ing from  85 to 94% from washing alone, and 85 to 97%
from washing and biodegradation together when the soil
is allowed to biodegrade for up to 120 days. Treated soil
at the refinery is currently stored onsite to allow further
reduction In contaminant levels  through biodegradation.

    The BioGenesis technology's silt and clay cleaning
capability is being tested In Environment Canada's Con-
taminated Sediment Treatment Technology Program. The
BioGenesis technology was used in  June 1993 to treat
sediments contaminated by wood treating activities at
Thunder  Bay Harbour, Ontario, Canada. Primary contami-
nants on site included PAHs containing two to five aro-
matic rings. Particle size distribution analysis showed that
80% of the sediment consisted of silt and clay sized par-
ticles. BioGenesis used a field prototype wash unit ca-
pable of treating two cu yd of sediment per hour.  Results
of PAH analyses showed  that removal efficiencies from
washing alone ranged from 83.3 to  94.8% for the indi-
vidual PAHs. Average PAH removal from soil washing was
reported  at 89.5%.

     BioGenesis is currently modifying  Its wash unit and is
manufacturing a unit capable of treating up to 40 cu yd
of soil per batch.

-------
Table 2. Analytical Results from Run 1 of fhe BioGenesis Site Demonstration, mg/kg solids, dry weight

Parameter
TRPH
Percenf Moisture
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
line
pH (pH units)
TOC
Untreated Soil
Aliquot 1
8,300
8.6
2.8
36
0.39+
13
8.7
10
o.ost
12
0.48
<0. 75
160
26
8.1
i6,ooot
Field
Duplicate 1
7,500
7.5
2.2
19
<.37
7.7
5.8t
4.5
o.ost
7.9
<.38
<0.75
J30f
13
8.2
16jOOOf
Aliquot 2
7£00
8.6
NA*
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA .
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Aliquot 3
7,500
7.6
N\
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Treated Soil
Aiiquof 1
2,900
6.1
1.8
19
<0.36
9.4
9.1
5.6
0.06f
9. 1
<0.36
<.72
120+
35
NA
NA
Field
Duplicate \
3,000
4.8
2
16
-------
Table 3.  Analytical Results from Run 2 of fhe B/oGenes/s Site Demonstration, mg/kg Solids, dry weight

Parameter
TRPH
Percent Moisture
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Sliver
Sodium
Zinc
pH (pH units)
roc

Aliquot
7.700
W
2.9
33
0.39
13
9.8
9.7
<0.048
13
0.38
<0.78
230t
26
7.8
16.600t
Untreated So//
Aliquot 2
7.900
10
NA-
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

Aliquot 3
7.100
11
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

Aliquot 1
2.100
6.3
2.8
14
<0.38
14
6.3t
4.5
<0.042
12
<0.38
<77
130t
16
NA
NA
Treated Soil
Aliquot 2
2.000
8.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

Aliquot 3
2.000
7.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
 ' Not analyzed.
 'Less than five times defection limit.
 ' Average of TOC and roc analytical duplicate values.
Table 4. Analytical Results from Run 3 of fhe BioGenesis site Demonstration, mg/kg solids, dry weight
Parameter
TRPH
Percenf Moisture
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
pH (PH units)
TOC
Untreated Soil
Aliquot 1
8,800
9.8
3.6
30
-------
Table 5. Average TRPH Concenfraf/ons in Untreated and Washed Soils, mg/kg
Run Number
\
2
3
Unfreofed Soil
7,666
7,567
9,933
Treated Soil
2,650
2,033
2,833
Table 6. TRPH Concenfraf/ons In Treated Soil, mg/kg
Run/Day
Aliquot 1
Aliquot 2
Aliquot 3
Run 2:
DayO
Day 14
Day 40
Day 60
Day 90
Day 120
Day 180
Run 3:
DayO
Day 14
Day 40
Day 60
Day 90
Day 120
Day 180
2.100
2.200
2,000
1,600
1.100
980
1.060

2.700
3.100 .).,
2,600
2,?00
J.500
1200
1.380
2.000
2.100
2.000
NA"
970
920
1,100

2,900
3.200
3.300
NA
1.400
1.100
1.590
2.000
2.600
2.000
NA
1.000
970
1.000

2.900
2.900
2,700
NA
2.300
1.000
1.390
                         " Not available.
-------
                                         100      120     140      160
                     0   20
figure  2. B/odegradaf/on results: TRPH concentrations from treated soils over time.
          I
          I
          O
          3;
12


10


 8



 6


 4



 2


 0




 Ledgend
                             Run  1
>4
'4
i
     iiur\2
                           Untreated Soil


                           Washed Soil


                           Washed and B/odegraded
                           Soil Ater 120 Days
                                                                                 Run 3
Figure 3. Average TRPH concentrations in treated and untreated soils.  B/odegradaf/on sfudy only conducted during runs 2 and 3
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Disclaimer

    While  the  technology  conclusions presented in  this
report may not change, the data has not been reviewed
by the Quality  Assurance/Quality  Control office.

Source of Further  Information

EPA Confacf:

    U.S.  EPA Project Manager:
    Annette Gatchett
    U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
    Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
    26 West Martin Luther King Drive
    Cincinnati, OH 45268
    Telephone No.: 513/569-7697
    Fax No.: 513/569-7620
Technology Developer:

    Mohsen C. Amlran. Ph.D.
    BioGenesis Enterprises, Inc.
    330 S. Mt. Prospect Rd.
    Des Plaines, IL60016
    Telephone No.: 708/827-0024
    Fax No.:  708/827-0025

    Charles L. Wilde
    BioGenesis Enterprises, Inc.
    10626 Beechnut Court
    Fairfax Stations, VA 22039
    Telephone No.: 703/250-3442
    Fax No.:  703/250-3559
                                                      10
                                                                 . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1993-750-071/80068
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United States
Environmental  Protection  Agency
Center for Environmental  Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268

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