United States
 Environmental Protection
 Agency
 National Risk Management
 Research Laboratory
 Cincinnati, OH 45268
 Research and Development
 EPA/540/SR-95/527    August 1995
 Project Summary

 Pilot-Scale  Incineration
 Testing of  Fluff and  Soil  from  the
 M.W.  Manufacturing
 Superfund  Site

 J. W. Lee, W. W. Vestal, S. Venkatesh, C. G. Goldman, and L. R. Waterland
  At the request of U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Region III
and  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, a
series of six tests was conducted  at
the U.S.  EPA Incineration Research Fa-
cility (IRF) to evaluate the incinerability
of the fluff waste and contaminated soil
from the M. W. Manufacturing Corpora-
tion Superfund site in Danville, PA. Both
materials are contaminated with vola-
tile  organic  compounds (VOCs),
semivolatile  organic   compounds
(SVOCs), chlorinated  dioxins  and
furans, and several trace metals, in-
cluding antimony, arsenic, barium, cad-
mium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel,
silver, and zinc. Copper and  lead,  in
particular, are  at very high concentra-
tions in  both the fluff waste and con-
taminated soil.  The fluff was incinerated
at two kiln exit  gas temperatures: nomi-
nally 871°  and 760°C  (1,600°  and
1,400°F). The soil was incinerated only
at the higher kiln exit gas temperature
of 871 °C  (1,600°F). Each  test was run
in duplicate. The afterburner exit gas
temperature for all tests was nominally
at 1,090°C (2,000°F). The primary air
pollution control system consisted of a
venturi/packed column scrubber sys-
tem  followed by a flue gas reheater
and baghouse.
  Test results showed that greater than
99.99% Destruction and  Removal  Effi-
ciency (DRE) of the VOC and SVOC
contaminants was  uniformly achieved.
HCI emissions  were well below 1.8 kg/
hr and system  HCI control efficiencies
well above 99%. Paniculate emissions
at the baghouse exit were well below
34 mg/dscm (0.015 gr/dscf) corrected
to 7% O2, a guideline level announced
in the draft waste combustion strategy
in May 1993. Baghouse exit flue gas
total chlorinated dioxin/furan levels
were well below 30 ng/dscm corrected
to 7%  O2, another draft combustion
strategy guideline. Incineration effec-
tively decontaminated both the  fluff
waste and soil of their VOC and SVOC
contaminants. However, the kiln  ash
discharge from the incineration of con-
taminated  site soil at a kiln gas tem-
perature of 871 °C (1,600°F) contained
total chlorinated dioxin/furan concen-
trations of 2.4 to 3.6 ug/kg. Levels in
the kiln ash from fluff incineration at
the same temperature were 65 to 89 ug/
kg, and significantly increased, at 830
to 2,700   jug/kg, for incineration at a
kiln gas temperature of 760°C (1,400°F).
In addition, the flue gas paniculate col-
lected as baghouse ash for all tests
was a cadmium- and lead-contaminated
toxicity characteristic (TC) hazardous
waste.
  This Project Summary was developed
by EPA's  National Risk Management
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,  OH,
to announce key findings of the re-
search project that is fully documented
in a separate report of the same  title
(see Project Report ordering informa-
tion at back).

Introduction
  One of the primary  missions of EPA's
Incineration Research  Facility (IRF) is to
support Regional Offices in evaluations of
the potential of incineration as a treatment
                                                Printed on Recycled Paper

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option for wastes and other contaminated
materials at Superfund sites. One priority
site is the M. W.  Manufacturing site  in
Danville, PA. EPA Region III and the U.S.
Army  Corps of Engineers  (USAGE)  re-
quested that a pilot-scale test program be
conducted  at the  IRF to support evalua-
tions of the suitability of incineration as a
treatment technology for wastes and con-
taminated soil at the site.
  The M. W.  Manufacturing site  began
operation  in 1966. M. W.  Manufacturing
Corporation reclaimed copper from  scrap
wire using both mechanical and chemical
processes. Reclamation activities  began
in 1969 and  continued until 1972  when
M. W. Manufacturing filed for bankruptcy.
The chemical  recovery  processes used
by  M. W.  Manufacturing led to site con-
tamination  with volatile organic solvents.
Warehouse 81, Inc., acquired the site in
1976 and began mechanical recovery op-
erations from the existing  waste piles
onsite. The mechanical  recovery  opera-
tions  generated large volumes of waste
material, termed fluff.
  The fluff waste  produced by the me-
chanical stripping process consists of fi-
brous insulation material mixed with plastic.
Phthalate esters, copper, and lead are the
major contaminants in this material. The
chemical recovery process used by  M. W.
Manufacturing was a two-step process.
The first step involved the use of a hot oil
bath to melt the  plastic insulation  away
from the metal in the scrap wire. Residual
oils were removed from the separated cop-
per in the second step through  the use of
chlorinated solvents, including trichloro-
ethene and tetrachloroethene. Thus, these
solvents are waste and soil contaminants
at the site.
  The June 1990 record of decision (ROD)
document for the  site identified onsite in-
cineration as the selected treatment for
two site-contaminated materials, fluff waste
and organic- and trace-metal-contaminated
soil. The  specific  objectives of the IRF
test program were defined as follows:

  • Verify  that the fluff  waste and  the
    contaminated soil at the site can be
    incinerated in compliance with  the
    hazardous waste incinerator  perfor-
    mance standards and permit require-
    ments.
  • Measure the effectiveness of  incin-
    eration treatment in decontaminating
    fluff and soil of their organic contami-
    nants and evaluate whether incinera-
    tion   temperature  affects  the
    effectiveness of fluff decontamination.
  • Measure the distribution of the con-
    taminant metals in the fluff and  the
    contaminated soil among the incin-
    eration system discharge streams.
  •  Determine whether  the  bottom  ash
    residue and  the Air  Pollution Control
    System (APCS) discharges  from the
    incineration of fluff and contaminated
    soil will be toxicity characteristic (TC)
    hazardous wastes.
  •  Determine whether  the  bottom  ash
    residue from the incineration of con-
    taminated soil meets the cleanup lev-
    els for soil given in the ROD.

  To address these objectives, a series of
seven  tests was performed in the rotary
kiln incineration system (RKS) at the IRF.

Test Program
  A  process  schematic of the  RKS  is
shown in Figure  1.

Waste Description
  The major organic contaminants in site
wastes are the  two  phthalate esters,
bis (2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate (BEHP) and di-
n-octyl phthalate (DNOP).  Thus, these
compounds would be considered the Prin-
cipal  Organic Hazardous  Constituents
(POHCs) in the site wastes. However, be-
cause  both BEHP and  DNOP are com-
pounds ranked relatively  easy to thermally
destroy, according to the thermal stability
based  incinerability ranking, the test waste
materials were spiked with naphthalene, a
compound ranked quite difficult to destroy,
at 2% by weight.  In addition,  Region III
was  interested in  establishing that
tetrachloroethene, one of two volatile or-
ganic  compounds  (VOCs) found in site
wastes, is effectively destroyed  by incin-
eration, so tetrachloroethene was also de-
fined  to  be  a   POHC. As a result,
tetrachloroethene was also spiked into test
materials, at  a  level of 3,100mg/kg  by
weight, because site material concentra-
tions  of the compound  were too low  to
allow  establishing  a 99.99%  ORE  at
achievable  flue gas  concentration
quantitation limits. Site  wastes  are  also
highly contaminated with copper and lead,
and  with  lesser, though still significant,
amounts of antimony, barium, chromium,
nickel, and zinc.

Test  Conditions
  In the test  program, two sets of dupli-
cate tests feeding fluff waste alone and
one  set  of duplicate tests  feeding con-
taminated soil alone were performed. The
two sets of fluff feed tests were conducted
at different kiln exit gas temperatures.  The
target  test operating conditions were  as
given in Table 1. A seventh test,  denoted
Test 0 in Table 1, was performed as a
blank burn. Only feed packaging materi-
als, the cardboard box, Polyethylene bag
liner, high density polyethylene spike
bottles (no POHC spike), and box closure
items (plastic tie and paper tape) were fed
to the RKS for the blank burn. The target
test  material  feedrate  was  54.5 kg/hr
(120lb/hr) for  all tests except the blank
burn. For all tests, the afterburner exit gas
temperature was 1,090°C (2,000°F), and
the kiln rotation  rate was set to give a
30-min kiln solids residence time.

Sampling and Analysis
Procedures
  For all tests, the sampling matrix en-
tailed obtaining composite samples of the
test feed material, the kiln ash discharge,
the pre-test and post-test scrubber  sys-
tem  liquor, and the baghouse ash;  and
sampling flue gas at the baghouse exit for
trace metals,  semivolatile organic  com-
pounds (SVOCs), VOCs, polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxin  and  polychlorinated
dibenzofurans  (PCDDs/PCDFs), and par-
ticulate and HCI. Test program samples
were analyzed for  matrix-specific combi-
nations of SVOCs, VOCs, PCDDs/PCDFs,
contaminant trace metals, and chloride.

Test Results

SVOC Results
  Table 2 summarizes the measured con-
centrations of  the SVOC POHCs  in test
program  samples collected. The data in
the table show that the native and spiked
SVOC contaminants were essentially com-
pletely removed  from the fluff waste by
incineration at both  kiln temperatures
tested, as evidenced by their absence in
the kiln ash discharge for all fluff waste
tests at method detection limits (MDLs) of
0.3 to 1.3 mg/kg. Similarly, these contami-
nants were removed  from  the contami-
nated soil for both  soil tests at the single
kiln temperature tested for this matrix. No
kiln ash concentration data are given for
the  blank  burn  test,  TestO,  in Table 2
because no kiln  ash was discharged for
this  test. None of  the three SVOC  con-
taminants was  found in the post-test scrub-
ber liquor for any test at the MDLs noted
in the table. Naphthalene was absent from
the baghouse  ash  for all tests. However,
low levels of both BEHP and DNOP were
found in the baghouse ash for all tests,
including the blank  burn. No  explanation
as  to why these site  contaminants  are
found at these levels in the baghouse ash
is offered, other than the fact that phtha-
lates are commonly encountered labora-
tory contaminants. Neither naphthalene nor
DNOP was present in the baghouse exit

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                        ROTARY
                        KILN
                    ROTARY KILN
                    INCINERATOR
                                                         ASH HOPPER I	I
       PRIMARY AIR POLLUTION
          CONTROL SYSTEM
  REDUNDANT AIR   '
POLLUTION CONTROL j
                                                                                  SYSTEM
                                                                                                        STACK
                                                                                                        10 FAN
Figure 1.  Schematic of the IRF rotary kiln incineration system.
Table 1.  Test Matrix
  Test
                             Feed
                                                          Target kiln exit gas
                                                          temperature, °C (°F)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Packaging container material
Fluff
Duplicate of Test 1
Soil
Duplicate of Test 3
Fluff
Duplicate of Test 5
870 (1,600)
870 (1,600)

870 (1,600)

760 (1,400)

flue gas for any test. BEHP was found in
the baghouse exit flue  gas  for all tests,
including the blank  burn, at  the  levels
noted.

VOC Results
  Table 3 summarizes the measured con-
centrations of the target VOC analytes in
test program samples collected. As was
the case for the SVOC  contaminants, in-
cineration treatment  of the fluff waste at
both temperatures tested, and of the con-
taminated  soil  at the one  temperature
tested, was essentially  completely effec-
tive in decontaminating the feed materials
of their native and  spiked VOC contami-
nants. The kiln ash discharge for all tests
contained  no detectable  VOC contami-
nants, with one exception at a concentra-
tion just above the MDL. In addition, neither
the scrubber liquor  nor the baghouse  ash
from any test contained detectable VOC
contaminants.
  The baghouse exit flue gas for all tests,
including the blank burn test, contained
low levels  of  both trichloroethene  and
tetrachloroethene.  No  1,1,2-trichloro-
ethane was  found  in the baghouse  exit
flue gas for the blank burn test, either  fluff
test at the higher incinerator temperature,
     one  of  the  two fluff tests  at the lower
     incineration  temperature, and one of the
     two soil feed tests.

     POHC DREs
       Feed  contaminant  concentration,
     feedrate, baghouse exit flue gas contami-
     nant concentration, and flue gas flowrate
     data can be combined to calculate con-
     taminant DREs for each of the tests. Cal-
     culated  DREs are summarized in Table 4.
     All DREs demonstrated were greater than
     the 99.99%  level  required by the current
     hazardous waste  incinerator performance
     standard.

     Dioxin and Furan Results
       A  summary of the  PCDD/PCDF data
     obtained in  this test program is given in
     Table 5, in terms of the two summary con-
     centration values typically  reported, the
     total PCDD/PCDF and the 2,3,7,8-TCDD
     toxicity equivalents (TEQs). In many cases,
     concentrations in  Table 5 are reported as
     ranges. This arises out of  the fact  that
     analyzed concentrations for both  homo-
     logue group totals and specific congeners
     are often reported as being less than an
     MDL. Thus,  in cases where a concentra-
     tion  is listed as a range in  Table 5, the
     maximum value in the range corresponds
     to the assumption that constituents not
     detected were present at the MDL,  and
     the minimum  value in the  range corre-

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Table 2. Semivolatile Organic Contaminant Analysis Results

Sample
Test 0 (10/27/93), kiln temperature: 871 °C (1,599°F)
Packaging container material, mg/kg
Scrubber liquor, mg/L
Baghouse ash, mg/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm
Fluff Waste Tests
Test 1 (1 1/9/93), kiln temperature: 883°C (1,622°F)
Fluff feed, mg/kg
Kiln ash, mg/kg
Scrubber liquor, mg/L
Baghouse ash, mg/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm
Test 2 (1 1/16/93), kiln temperature: 876°C (1,608°F)
Fluff feed, mg/kg
Kiln ash, mg/kg
Scrubber liquor, mg/L
Baghouse ash, mg/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm
Test 5 (1 1/18/93), kiln temperature: 762°C (1,403°F)
Fluff feed, mg/kg
Kiln ash, mg/kg
Scrubber liquor, mg/L
Baghouse ash, mg/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm
Test 6 (1 1/23/93), kiln temperature: 767°C (1,412'F)
Fluff feed, mg/kg
Kiln ash, mg/kg
Scrubber liquor, mg/L
Baghouse ash, mg/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, /ng/dscm
Soil Feed Tests
Test 3 (12/1/93), kiln temperature: 876°C (1,609°F)
Soil feed, mg/kg
Kiln ash, mg/kg
Scrubber liquor, mg/L
Baghouse ash, mg/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm
Test 4 (12/2/93), kiln temperature: 874°C (1,606°F)
Soil feed, mg/kg
Kiln ash, mg/kg
Scrubber liquor, mg/L
Baghouse ash, mg/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm


BEHP

<1.3
<0.013
6.6
8.4


48,800
<1.3
<0.013
14.3
7.0

53,300
<1.3
<0.013
4.5
9.9

48,300
<1.3
<0.013
21.1
9.8

49,000
<1.3
<0.013
18.7
6.2


9,810
<1.3
<0.013
23.5
7.8

9,440
<1.3
<0.013
14.2
7.0

Concentration
DNOP

<0.4
<0.004
4.1
<0.9


1,850
<0.4
<0.004
9.9
<1.2

2,610
<0.4
<0.004
2.2
<1.3

2,870
<0.4
<0.004
13.4
<1.1

2,810
<0.4
<0.004
12.1
<1.2


580
<0.4
<0.004
17.0
<1.2

550
<0.4
<0.004
9.7
<1.2


Naphthalene

<0.3
<0.003
<0.3
<0.8


20,200a
<0.3
<0.003
<0.3
<0.9

20,200a
<0.3
<0.003
<0.3
<1.1

20,200a
<0.2
<0.003
<0.3
<0.9

20,200a
<0.3
<0.003
<0.3
<1.0


20,200a
<0.3
<0.003
<0.3
<1.0

20,200a
<0.3
<0.003
<0.3
<1.0
aSpiked concentration.
Table 3.  Volatile Organic Contaminant Analysis Results
                                                                                                       Concentration
Sample
Tetrachloroethene
                                                                                                    1,1,2-Trichloroethane
                                                                Trichloroethene
Test 0 (10/27/93), kiln temperature: 870°C (1,599°F)
 Packaging container material, mg/kg
 Scrubber liquor, mg/L
 Baghouse ash, mg/kg
 Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm
Fluff Waste Tests
Test 1 (11/9/94), kiln temperature: 883°C (1,622'F)
 Fluff feed, mg/kg, native
 Fluff feed, mg/kg, spiked
 Kiln ash, mg/kg
 Scrubber liquor, mg/L
 Baghouse ash, mg/kg
 Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm
Test 2(11/16/93), kiln temperature: 876°C (1,608°F)
 Fluff feed, mg/kg, native
 Fluff feed, mg/kg, spiked
 Kiln ash, mg/kg
 Scrubber liquor, mg/L
 Baghouse ash, mg/kg
 Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm
       <4
     <0.015
       <4
      0.66
       4.9
      3,100
       <4
     <0.015
       <4
      0.27

       <4
      3,100
       <4
     <0.015
       <4
      0.71
<0.004

 <0.09
<0.004

 <0.14




<0.004

 <0.09
<0.004

 0.15


 2.4


<0.004

 0.16




<0.004

 0.14
 (continued)

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Tables. Continued
Sample
Test 5 (1 1/18/93), kiln temperature: 762°C (1,403°F)
Fluff feed, mg/kg, native
Fluff feed, mg/kg, spiked
Kiln ash, mg/kg
Scrubber liquor, mg/L
Baghouse ash, mg/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm
Test 6 (1 1/23/93), kiln temperature: 767°C (1,412°F)
Fluff feed, mg/kg, native
Fluff feed, mg/kg, spiked
Kiln ash, mg/kg
Scrubber liquor, mg/L
Baghouse ash, mg/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, pg/dscm
Soil Feed Tests
Test 3 (12/1/93), kiln temperature: 876'C (1,609°F)
Soil feed, mg/kg, native
Soil feed, ng/kg, spiked
Kiln ash, mg/kg
Scrubber liquor, mg/L
Baghouse ash, mg/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm
Test 4 (12/2/93), kiln temperature: 874'C (1,606°F)
Soil feed, mg/kg, native
Soil feed, mg/kg, spiked
Kiln ash, mg/kg
Scrubber liquor, mg/L
Baghouse ash, mg/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm

Tetrachloroethene

<4
3,100
<4
<0.015
<4
0.68

17
3,100
5.6
<0.015
<4
0.61


50
3,200
<4
<0.015
<4
1.57

93
3,300
<4
<0.015
<4
0.14
Concentration
1, 1 ,2-Trichloroethane

<1

<1
<0.004
<1
<0.09

<1

<1
<0.004
<1
0.23


<1

<1
<0.004
<1
1.27

2.8

<1
<0.004
<1
<0.05

Trichloroethene

<1

<1
<0.004
<1
0.23

<1

<1
<0.004
<1
0.09


<1

<1
<0.004
<1
0.73

3.9

<1
<0.004
<1
0.17
 Table 4. POHC DREs
 Parameter
                                                      BEHP
                                                                                DNOP
                                                                                                          Naphthalene
                                                                                                                                   Tetrachloroethene
 Fluff Waste Tests
  Test 1 (11/9/93), kiln temperature: 883'C (1,622'F)
   Feed concentration, mg/kg                            48,800
   Feedrate, kg/hr                                      2.93
   Baghouse exit flue gas:
    Concentration, ng/dscm                             7.0
    Emission rate, mg/hr                                11.9
   ORE, %                                            99.99959
  Test 2 (11/16/93), kiln temperature: 876°C (1,608°F)
   Feed concentration, mg/kg                            53,300
   Feedrate, kg/hr                                      3.15
   Baghouse exit flue gas:
    Concentration, ng/dscm                             9.9
    Emission rate, mg/hr                                19.4
   ORE, %                                            99.99939
  Test 5 (11/18/93), kiln temperature: 762°C (1,403°F)
   Feed concentration, mg/kg                            48,300
   Feedrate, kg/hr                                      2.94
   Baghouse exit flue gas:
    Concentration, ng/dscm                             9.8
    Emission rate, mg/hr                                20.1
   ORE, %                                            99.99932
  Test 6 (11/23/93), kiln temperature: 767'C (1,412'F)
   Feed concentration, mg/kg                            49,000
   Feedrate, kg/hr                                     2.98
   Baghouse exit flue gas
    Concentration, ng/dscm                             6.2
    Emission rate, mg/hr                                 11.3
   ORE, %                                            99.99962
 Soil Feed Tests
  Test 3 (12/1/93), kiln temperature: 876'C (1,609°F)
   Feed concentration, mg/kg                            9,810
   Feedrate, kg/hr                                     0.58
   Baghouse exit flue gas:
    Concentration, ng/dscm                             7.8
    Emission rate, mg/hr                                 15.0
   ORE, %                                            99.9974
1850
0.11
<2.0
>99.9982

2,610
0.15
<2.5
>99.9984

2,870
0.18
<2.3
>99.9987

2,810
0.17
<2.2
>99.9987
580
0.034
<2.3
>99.9933
20,200
1.21

<0.9

>99.99987

20,200
1.19


<2.2
>99.99982

20,200
1.23

<0.9

>99.99985

20,200
1.23
                          >99.99985
20,200
 1.19
                          >99.99984
3,100
0.19

0.27
0.46
99.99975

3,100
0.18

0.71
1.4
99.99924

3,100
0.19

0.68
1.4
99.99926

3,100
0.19

0.61
1.1
99.99941
3,200
0.19

 1.57
3.0
99.9984
                                                                                                                                            (continued)

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 Table 4. Continued

 Parameter
                                             BEHP
                                                                  DNOP
                                                                                       Naphthalene
                                                                Tetrachloroethene
  Test 4 (12/2/93), kiln temperature: 874°C (1,606°F)
   Feed concentration, mg/kg                       9,440
   Feedrate, kg/hr                               o'.56
   Baghouse exit flue gas:
    Concentration, [ig/dscm                        7.0
    Emission rate, mg/hr                          11.3
   ORE, %                                    99.9980
                       547
                       0.034
                                                                  >99.9940
20,200
1.19
                                                                                      >99.99986
3,300
0.19

0.14
0.23
99.99988
 Table 5. Dioxin and Furan Analysis Results
 Sample
                                                                    Total PCDD/PCDF
                                                                                                             TEQ
Test 0 (10/27/93), kiln temperature: 870°C (1,599°F)
Packaging container material, ng/kg
Scrubber liquor, pg/L
Baghouse ash, ng/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas ng/dscm at 7% O2
Fluff Waste Tests
Fluff feed, ng/kg
Test 1 (11/9/93), kiln temperature: 883°C (1 ,622°F)
Kiln ash, ng/kg
Scrubber liquor, pg/L
Baghouse ash, ng/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm at 7% O2
Test 2(1 1/16/93), kiln temperature: 876°C (1,608°F)
Kiln ash, ng/kg
Scrubber liquor, pg/L
Baghouse ash, ng/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm at 7% O2
Test 5 (1 1/18/93), kiln temperature: 762°C (1,403°F)
Kiln ash, ng/kg
Scrubber liquor, pg/L
Baghouse ash, ng/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm at 7% O2
Test 6 (1 1/23/93), kiln temperature: 767°C (1,4 12°F)
Kiln ash, ng/kg
Scrubber liquor, pg/L
Baghouse ash, ng/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm at 7% O2
Soil Feed Tests
Soil feed, ng/kg
Test 3 (12/1/93), kiln temperature: 876°C (1,609°F)
Kiln ash, ng/kg
Scrubber liquor, pg/L
Baghouse ash, ng/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm at 7% O2
Test 4 (12/2/93), kiln temperature: 874°C (1,606°F)
Kiln ash, ng/kg
Scrubber liquor, pg/L
Baghouse ash, ng/kg
Baghouse exit flue gas, ng/dscm at 7% O2

180
68-170
64
0.21
56,000

65,000
370-380
520
1.3
89,000
730-750
740
1.3
830,000
290
340
0.44
2,700,000
520-540
1,000
0.96
10,000

2,400
2,300-2,400
2,600
0.68
3,600
260-280
390
0.48

1 P-7 "?
i .*- / ,\j
97-9<>
. / £*j
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0.005-0.017
7-3/7
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the soil feed tests were comparable, at
0.48 to 0.68 ng/dscm. All measured levels
were significantly lower than the EPA guid-
ance announced in 1993 of 30 ng/dscm at
7% O2.
  On a TEQ  basis,  baghouse  exit flue
gas dioxin/furan  levels were 0.044 to
0.052 ng/dscm at  7% O2 for the high kiln
temperature fluff waste tests.  Comparable
to slightly decreased  emissions, at 0.016
to 0.049 ng/dscm  at  7% O2,  were  mea-
sured for the low kiln temperature fluff
waste tests, and for the soil feed tests at
0.018 to 0.032 ng/dscm at 7% O2. The
European-suggested dioxin emission limit
for waste incinerators is 0.1 ng/Nm3 TEQ
corrected to 11% O2. Thus, while the tem-
perature correction for scm is slightly dif-
ferent than for Nm3, and the O2 correction
for the  European  standard,  at  11%  02,
differs from the 7% O  used in the Table 5
data, all emission levels reported in Table 5
will be  lower  than the suggested  Euro-
pean standard.

 Trace Metal and TCLP Results
   Trace metal concentrations were mea-
sured  in test  program samples and  are
summarized in the report. Fluff and  soil
feed,  kiln  ash,  scrubber  liquor,  and
baghouse ash samples from  the test pro-
gram were also subjected to the toxicity
characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP),
and resulting TCLP leachates were ana-
lyzed for the  contaminant trace metals.
 Leachate analysis data for  the six  site
contaminant trace metals having TC regu-
latory  levels defined are summarized in
the report. The data  show that no result-
 ing kiln ash discharge from  the incinera-
tion of fluff waste or  contaminated  soil
would be a TC hazardous waste due to its
 Table 6. Particulate and HCI Emissions
leachable  concentrations.  Similarly, the
scrubber liquor from all tests was not TC
hazardous. However, the baghouse ash
for all tests would be a lead-contaminated
TC  hazardous waste and, for all but one
fluff test, a cadmium-contaminated TC haz-
ardous waste.

Particulate and HCI Emissions
  The baghouse exit flue gas particulate
and  HCI emission data developed in the
test  program are summarized in Table 6.
The data show that baghouse exit particu-
late  concentrations were  less than 10
mg/dscm  corrected to 7% O2 for all but
one test for which they were 14 mg/dscm
at 7% O2. All measured levels were well
below the current hazardous waste incin-
erator  performance  standard  of  180
mg/dscm  at 7% O2, and even substan-
tially below the  EPA's announced 1993
guidance of 34 mg/dscm at 7% O2.
  Baghouse exit  flue gas HCI emission
rates were at most 2.6 g/hr. Apparent sys-
tem collection HCI efficiencies were greater
than 99.9% for all except one soil  feed
test for which the apparent system HCI
collection  efficiency was 99.76%.

Conclusions
  Results of the test program conducted
to evaluate the incineration  treatment of
fluff waste and contaminated soil from the
M.  W. Manufacturing Superfund site con-
firm that incineration represents an effec-
tive  treatment  option,  with cautions
regarding its  use.  Indeed, incineration of
the  fluff waste offers several benefits  in-
cluding substantial waste  volume reduc-
tion,  and effective,  near complete,
decontamination and destruction of both
the  VOC  and SVOC contaminants in the
                                                  Baghouse exit
Test
Test 0 (10/27/93)
Fluff Waste Tests
Test 1 (1 1/9/93)
Test 2 (11/16/93)
Test 5 (11/1 8/93)
Test 6 (1 1/23/93)
Soil Feed Tests
Test 3 (12/1/93)
Test 4 (12/2/93)
Cl feedrate,
kg/hr
0.28
9.48
9.48
9.48
9.48
1.1
1.1
Particulate
concentration,
mg/dscm at
7%O2
7
7
4
6
14
5
9
HCI emission
rate, g/hr
<0.2
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.6
0.7
Apparent
system HCI
collection
efficiency, %
>99.93
99.98
99.98
99.98
99.98
99.76
99.94
waste. While the volume reduction benefit
is less significant in the incineration treat-
ment of the contaminated soil, the benefit
of effective and near complete decontami-
nation and destruction of organic contami-
nants remains.
  Both site materials can be incinerated
in compliance with the current hazardous
waste incinerator  performance standards
in a rotary kiln incineration system of the
type in place at the  IRF.  Specifically,
POHC DREs greater than 99.99% were
uniformly measured, and HCI  emissions
were well below 1.8 kg/hr and system HCI
control efficiencies  well  above 99%.  In
addition, compliance with the more strin-
gent incinerator emissions guidance  an-
nounced  in  1993  was  demonstrated.
Specifically, particulate emissions mea-
sured were well below 34 mg/dscm, and
total  PCDD/PCDF emissions  measured
were  well below  30 ng/dscm, both cor-
rected to 7% O2. In fact, measured dioxin/
furan emissions on a TEQ basis were well
below the suggested European emission
limit of 0.1 ng/Nm3 dry at  11% O2.
  However, the kiln ash discharge from
the incineration of both site  materials re-
mains dioxin-contaminated. The kiln  ash
discharge from the  incineration of con-
taminated site soil at a kiln temperature of
nominally 870°C (1,600°F) contained total
PCDD/PCDF  concentrations  of  2.4 to
3.6 n-g/kg. Levels  in the kiln ash discharge
from the incineration of fluff waste at this
same temperature were  higher, at 65 to
89  p-g/kg.  Levels in the kiln ash discharge
from  the  incineration of  fluff waste at  a
nominal  kiln  temperature  of  760°C
(1,400°F) were substantially higher, at 830
to 2,700 jig/kg.
  Thus, with respect to fluff waste, incin-
eration offers substantial volume reduc-
tion, however the resulting treated waste
discharge (kiln  ash)  may still need to be
managed as a dioxin-contaminated mate-
rial. Dioxin contamination levels were de-
creased    at    higher   incineration
temperatures, but they remained signifi-
cant nonetheless. In addition, the flue gas
particulate collected as baghouse ash  in
essentially all tests was  a cadmium- and
lead-contaminated TC hazardous waste.
So this discharge would need to be ap-
propriately  managed as  a  hazardous
waste.
   The full report was  submitted in fulfill-
 ment of Contract No.  68-C9-0038, Work
Assignment No.  3-3 and 4-3, by Acurex
 Environmental Corporation under the spon-
 sorship of the U.S. Environmental Protec-
 tion Agency.

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  J. W. Lee, W.W. Vestal, S. Venkatesh, C. G. Goldman, andL. R. Waterlandare
    with Acurex Environmental Corp., Jefferson, AR 72079.
  R. C. Thurnau is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
  M. K. Richards was the Work Assignment Manager (see below).
  The complete report, entitled "Pilot-Scale Incineration Testing of Fluff and Soil
    from the M. W. Manufacturing Superfund Site," (Order No. PB95-255725;
    Cost: $27.00, subject to change) will be available only from:
         National Technical Information Service
         5285 Port Royal Road
         Springfield, VA 22161
         Telephone: 703-487-4650
  The EPA Project Officer and Work Assignment Manager can be contacted at:
         National Risk Management Research Laboratory
         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
         Cincinnati, OH 45268
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Center for Environmental Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268

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