PB99-963901
EPA541-R99-005
1999
EPA Superfund
Record of Decision:
USA Fort George G. Meade
(TAP) OU
Fort Meade, MD
7/20/1999
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FINAL
RECORD OF DECISION
TIPTON AIRFIELD PARCEL (TAP)
OPERABLE UNIT
FORT GEORGE G. MEADE
FORT MEADE, MARYLAND
JUNE 1999
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PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
DECLARATION FOR THE RECORD OF DECISION REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVE
SELECTION jv
1.0 DECISION SUMMARY ^
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.1
2.0 SITE INFORMATION 2-1
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION 2-1
2.1.1 Description of AREEs 10 and 11 "!!!"""!."!2-f
3.0 SITE HISTORY AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES 3.1
3.1 PREVIOUS ASSESSMENTS AND INVESTIGATIONS 3-1
3.2 OTHER ARMY ACTIONS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ..^."""3-2
4.0 HIGHLIGHTS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION..... 4-1
4.1 PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD 4_1
4.2 PUBLIC MEETING .........4--\
4.3 ADDITIONAL PUBLIC INFORMATION 4_1
5.0 SCOPE AND ROLE OF THE OPERABLE UNIT RESPONSE ACTION 5-1
5.1 SELECTION OF REMEDY 5.1
6.0 SITE CHARACTERISTICS 6-1
6.1 SITE TOPOGRAPHY .: 6-1
6.2 ADJACENT LAND USE 6-1
6.3 SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY 6-1
6.4 GEOLOGY / HYDROGEOLOGY ....6-1
6.5 ECOLOGY.....' e-2
7.0 SUMMARY OF SITE RISKS 7-1
7.1 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 7-1
7.2 HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR AREEs 10 AND 11 7-2
7.3 ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR AREEs 10 AND 11 7-5
7.4 CONCLUSION 7-6
8.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE "NO FURTHER ACTION" ALTERNATIVE 8-1
9.0 RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY 9-1
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Number
Figure 1
Figure 2
LIST OF FIGURES
Site Location MAP of the Tipton Airfield Parcel (TAP)
Surface Drainage Features at the TAP OU
Nurnbej"
Table 1
Table 2
LIST OF TABLES
Summary of the Human Health Risk Assessment
Summary of the Ecological Risk Assessment
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
ASL
BEC
BRAG
CERCLA
DRMO
FGGM
FTA
EIS
EPA
HHA
HI
IAL
MCL
MDE
MDNR
NPL
ODA
O&M
PA
PRR
RBCs
Rl
ROD
SARA
SI
TAA
TAP
TAL
Active Sanitary Landfill
BRAC Environmental Coordinator
Base Closure and Realignment
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act
Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office
Fort George G. Meade
Fire Training Area
Environmental Impact Statement
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Helicopter Hangar Area
Hazard Index
Inactive Landfill
Maximum Contaminant Level
Maryland Department of the Environment
Maryland Department of Natural Resources
National Priorities List
Ordnance Demolition Area
Operations and Maintenance
Preliminary Assessment
Patuxent Research Refuge
Risk-Based Concentrations
Remedial Investigation
Record of Decision
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
Site Inspection
Tipton Airfield Area
Tipton Airfield Parcel
Target Analyte List
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DECLARATION FOR THE RECORD OF DECISION
REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVE SELECTION
FOR THE TIPTON AIRFIELD PARCEL OPERABLE UNIT
Site Name and Location
Tipton Airfield Parcel Operable Unit (TAP OU)
Areas Requiring Environmental Evaluation (AREEs) 10 and 11
Fort George G. Meade (FGGM)
Fort Meade, Maryland
Statement of Basis and Purpose
This Record of Decision (ROD) presents a determination that no further action is
necessary to protect human health and the environment for the TAP OU which
includes a final determination for Tipton groundwater, and the following AREEs:
• AREE 10 - Inactive Landfill No. 1 (IAL1)
• AREE 11 - Inactive Landfill No. 2 (IAL2)
This determination was developed in accordance with the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), as
amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), 42
U.S.C. §§ 9601 et seq., and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution '
Contingency Plan (NCP), 40 C.F.R. Part 300.
The no further action decision is supported by documents contained in the
Administrative Record.
The State of Maryland concurs with the no further action remedy.
Description of the Selected Remedy
A no further action alternative is the selected remedy for the TAP OU.
Past military training activities resulted in the presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO)
at Fort Meade. The Army has previously taken multiple safety measures and actions at
the TAP OU, some of which are summarized in this ROD. Existing land use
restrictions, as established by the Tipton Airfield Decision Document (July, 1998) and
the Decision Document Addendum (November, 1998), include a prohibition on
conducting any surface or subsurface excavations, digging, well drilling, or other
disturbances of soil, or below paved surfaces, without prior written approval of the U.S.
Government. This approval is also required for activities in the first four feet, where
there was previous clearance of ordnance items. Exceptions can be made for
emergency repair of existing utilities. Residential use without evaluation of residential
exposure risks is prohibited, as is groundwater use for any potable or nonpotable
purposes except for environmental studies. This ROD assesses these previously
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established land use restrictions and evaluates their protectiveness of human health
and the environment.
The Army studied the groundwater, conducting an additional investigation after
ROD for the Tipton Airfield Area (TAA) was signed, to evaluate TAA-wide effects and
the potential off-site impacts related to chemical migration. This ROD also assesses
the previously established land use restrictions and evaluates their protectiveness of
human health and the environment with regard to groundwater contamination. The
remedy for Tipton-area groundwater that is presented in this ROD, is the final remedy
anticipated by the previous TAA ROD. Results of groundwater investigations covering
the remainder .of the areas at Fort Meade will not be necessary for purposes of
finalizing the groundwater remediation decision for the Tipton area.
The selected remedy represents a final remedial action determination with regard to
soils and groundwater, which together address the contamination at the TAP OU.
Declaration
The Rl reports, which include the Baseline Risk Assessment, document the findings
associated with the TAP OU. These findings indicate that contaminants detected in the
environment do not pose an unacceptable risk to human health and the environment
under the conditions of restricted use. The risk calculated under the current and
reasonably anticipated future land use scenarios for the TAP OU is within the EPA's
acceptable risk range. Previously established land-use restrictions focus on
maintaining these land.use assumptions.
The Rl report for IAL#3 also documents Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)
exceedances of the volatile organic compound, benzene, in well MW3-2 during two
sampling rounds. Benzene has an MCL of 5.0 /zg/l. The average benzene
concentration detected during the two sampling events is 9.05 /ug/l. The Rl investigation
did not reveal a likely source area. Although the average concentration of 9.05 ^g/l
exceeds the MCL, the risks associated with benzene in the Tipton area groundwater as
a whole were relatively low. Even if the groundwater were used residentially, the
benzene risks would be as follows: for a child, the Hazard Index (HO would be 0.04; for
an adult, the HI would be 0.07; and the cancer risk woufd be 2 x 10 . Therefore, it has
been determined that benzene is not a risk driver for groundwater.
An isolated detection of 2-amino-4, 6-dinitrotoluene was observed at 0.522 /ugA in well
MW3-2. This compound, an explosives degradation product, was detected at lower
depths (Arundel Confining Layer) during one of two sampling rounds. This isolated
detection resulted in an HI less than 1 for commercial/industrial use scenarios.
4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene was detected in both sampling rounds in well MW3-2. The
average sample concentration is 28.6 vg/l resulting in a HI of 2 (EPA Region 3 risk-
based screening concentration = 2.2 ^g/l; Hazard Quotient of 1). The area-wide
evaluation of groundwater concluded that the contamination was not originating from an
identifiable source area within the TAP, but was the result of past activities at Fort
Meade. There is no known carcinogenic risk associated with 4-amino-2,6-
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dinitrotoiuene. The aminoaiiwotoluenes (particularly 4-A-2.6-DNT) are associated
His graater than 1 for grounciwater use by workers or residents. Because cf the /and
use restrictions already in effect it has been determined that no exposure pathways to
the pucfic exist due to this class of contaminants, provided restrictions continue. Tnis is
also true of metals, bis(2-etryihexyi)pnthala:e, and acetophenone, wnich could
contribute further to risks (both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic) if residential
receptors were ever exposed to the groundwater. In addition, a study of groundwater
migration dees not indicate expected migration of these chemicals :o off-post residential
wells above unacceptable concentrations. Given the relatively low concentrations of
the aminocinitrotoluenes, the iack of a known carcinogenic rsk relating to this class of
contaminants, :he lack of ar. identifiable source of these contaminants within the TAP.
and the lack of an exposure route, it has been determined that no active groundwater
remediation Is required.
Because of these findings, every two years after the data of the ROD. groundwatar will
be sampled from certain weils. Monitoring results will be provided to EPA. MDE, snd
the Army. In addition, the Tipton area will be inspected to assure compliance with the
land use restrictions. A review every 5 years will be conducted to evaluate the
frequency and need for continued monitoring. This is to ensure that the remedy
continues to provide adequate protection of human health and the environment This is
the final planned response action for the TAP OU.
Al
,/bHN D. FRKETIC . Date £ 77
^cJlonel. Military intelligence
Commanding
A3RAHAM FERDAS . Date
Director, Hazardous Site Cleanup Division
U.S. EPA Region ill
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1.0 DECISION SUMMARY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
On April 1, 1997, Fort George G. Meade (FGGM) was proposed for inclusion on the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA^
National Priorities List (NPL). FGGM was added to the final NPL on July 28,1998
A CERCLA remedial action is often divided into OUs. As defined in the National Oil
and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP), an OU means a
discrete action that comprises an incremental step toward comprehensively addressing
site problems. This discrete portion of a remedial response manages migration or
eliminates or mitigates a release, threat of a release, or pathway of exposure The
cleanup of a site can be divided into a number of OUs, depending on the complexity of
the problems associated with the site. OUs may address geographical portions of a
site, specific site problems, or initial phases of an action. OUs may also consist of any
set of actions performed over time or any actions that are concurrent but located in
different parts of a site. This ROD presents a determination that no further action is
necessary to protect human health and the environment at the TAP OU which consists
of IAL1 and IAL2 (see Figure 1), located at Fort Meade, Maryland. This no further
action decision is the final action for the TAP OU.
Based on the previously taken safety measures and actions, including restrictions on
future land use, and the results of the risk evaluation, it was determined that the TAP
OU poses no current or future potential, unacceptable human health risks. Therefore
the conditions at the TAP OU do not require further action to be protective of human '
health and the environment..
A feasibility study, which normally develops and examines remedial action alternatives
for a site, was not performed for the TAP OU since the results of the risk evaluation
indicate that no further remedial action is required.
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Record of Decision- Tipton Airfield
3000
3000
6000 Feet
Tipton Property Boundary for Record of Decision
Property included in Record of Decision signed December 1998
Inactive Landfill #1 and #2
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2.0 SITE INFORMATION
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION
•s- . j('**.
Fort George G. Meade (FGGM) is located in Fort Meade, Maryland. FGGM formerly
occupied 13,596 acres of land in the northwest corner of Anne Artmdel County The
site is a Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1988 (BRAC) parcel, located east of
State Route 198 and south of Highway 32. It is bounded on the west by the Baltimore-
Washington Parkway and by the Patuxent River to the south. The Amtrak railroad track
right-of-way and State Route 175 form the southeast and northeast site boundaries,
respectively.
The facility was authorized by Congress in 1917 as a training cantonment for troops
dunng World War I. The U.S. Government commandeered 4,000 acres, most of which
was then farm land, and named the installation Camp Meade in honor of Major General
George G. Meade. In January 1941, additional training areas were added within the
installation, expanding the post to 13,596 acres. During the 1940s, the facility
underwent widespread growth to accommodate several regiments who moved their
base of operations to FGGM, including the Second U.S. Army and the Eleventh
Cavalry. Tipton Army Airfield was completed in 1963, replacing a small airstrip which
had been in operation since 1928.
In 1988, the Defense Authorization Amendments and Base Closure and Realignment
Act of 1988 mandated the closure and/or realignment of approximately 9,000 acres,
encompassing the southernmost two-thirds of the installation. In 1991, the Army
transferred 7,600 of the 9,000 acres to the Department of the Interior's Patuxent
Research Refuge (PRR), formerly known as the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. A
second land transfer of approximately 500 acres to the PRR took place in January
1993.
2.1.1 Description of AREEs 10 and 11
2.1.1.1 Site Location and Operational History of AREE 10 - Inactive Landfill 1
(IAL1)
IAL1 is located in the north-central portion of the BRAC parcel between the Little
Patuxent River and Bald Eagle Drive. IAL1 is considered part of the Tipton Airfield
parcel although it is physically separated from the airfield by the Littfe Patuxent River. A
small concrete blockhouse, formerly used as a communications building, is present on
the northwest comer of the area. The PRR has recently erected a cluster of
outbuildings on the west side of Bald Eagle Drive, west of IAL1, which are collectively
known as the Hunter Control Station.
According to the Enhanced Preliminary Assessment (PA) report (USAEC, 1989), IAL1
was used as an unlined sanitary landfill from approximately 1950 to 1964. No
information has been found indicating the types of material disposed of at this location.
Select historical aerial photographs of IAL1, compiled by the USEPA (1990 and 1996),
are presented in the Final Rl report (USAGE, 1998a). The earliest known aerial
photograph (1938) shows IAL1 as a cultivated field. In subsequent aerial photographs
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from 1943 1952, and 1957, IAL1 appears as an open clearing or training area, with no
evidence of ground scarring or landfill activity. Landfill activities were first indicated in
aerial photographs from 1963, which show barren areas and what appear to be
trenches, probable debris, and mounded material presumably associated with landfill
activities (USEPA, 1990). Aerial photographs from 1970 on show the area as inactive
The 1963 treelme, which appears to correspond to the maximum extent of man-made
activities, persists to the present. Areas of mounded materials located on the north side
of IAL1, which were first observed on the; 1970 photographs, also persist to the present.
IAL1 has an approximate extent of 16 acres as indicated on Figure 1. This boundary
was developed based on the extent of historical operations, aerial photographs and
subsequent site investigation activities. A possible former burial trench location,
corresponding to the mounded area and an area of strong magnetic responses was
tentatively located in the northern part of IAL1.
2.1.1.2 Site Location and Operational History of AREE 11 - Inactive Landfill 2
(IAL2)
IAL2 is located within the BRAG parcel on approximately 10 acres of land north of New
Tank Road (now Wildlife Loop), approximately 450 feet north and east of the Little
Patuxent River. The bulk of IAL2 is separated from the PRR by the perimeter fence
which runs along New Tank Road then turns north along the western side of IAL2. A
dirt access road runs north, from a locked gate in the fence, through IAL2 to Tipton
Airfield. Other unnamed tracks provide access to the area between IAL2 and the Little
Patuxent River. No buildings or structures are present at IAL2. The approximate extent
of IAL2 is indicated on Figure 1. This boundary was developed based on the extent of
historical operations, aerial photographs, and subsequent site investigations.
Select historical aerial photographs of IAL2 from USEPA photo compilations are
presented in the Final Rl report (USAGE, 1998a). IAL2 was initially operated as a soil
borrow area. Large active excavations are apparent in aerial photographs from 1938
and 1943 (USEPA, 1996). By 1952, the borrow area was mostly overgrown. According
to the Enhanced PA (USAEC, 1989), the area was subsequently operated as an
unlined rubble disposal area. In 1957 and 1963, at its maximum extent, mounded
materials and probable fill material are visible in the southern portion of the area. IAL2
was little used between 1963 and 1970, with aerial photographs showing the area being
increasingly revegetated. A single north-northwest trending trench is visible along the
east side of the access road in 1970 (USEPA, 1990). Continued disposal activity
occurred after 1980 in the northern portion of IAL2 where graded and disturbed areas
are visible in 1986. During Rl fieldwork, piles of rubble material (brush, concrete and
asphalt debris) which appear to be of more recent origin were observed in a marshy
area on the north side of IAL2.
The Enhanced PA report (USAEC, 1989) referred to a potential encounter with mustard
gas canisters in the mid-1950s northwest of IAL2. An attempt was made by the
installation to locate the burial site using geophysical methods, but proved inconclusive
(USAEC, 1992b). The Final Environmental Impact Statement indicates that the FGGM
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Directorate of Engineering and Housing concluded that there was no further reason to
suspect the presence of mustard agent buried on-post.
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SITE HISTORY AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES
3.1 PREVIOUS ASSESSMENTS AND INVESTIGATIONS
Several environmental investigations have been performed at FGGM since BRAC '88
incuding an Enhanced PA (USAEC, 1989), a study by the Maryland Department of
I/SSn ?QnorKxeS (~DNR)> an Rl . * Site Inspection (SI) Study
(USAEC .19925), a Draft SI Addendum (which included an Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) and a Wetland Identification Study) (USAGE, 1991), an Ordnance and
(°E) Removal Action (USAGE, 1997), Rl reports (USAGE 1998a and
Reutilization and Marketin9
The Enhanced PA includes a review of all available records related to air, soil surface
water, and groundwater, and identifies six areas of concern requiring additional
investigation at FGGM: active and inactive landfills, underground storage tanks
asbestos, unexploded ordnance, surface water, and burning grounds.
*
MDNR conducted an evaluation of the surplus property in January 1990. The study
describes the natural features and land uses associated with the 9,000 acres to be
excessed from FGGM and discusses the degree of development of the retained land.
In January 1991, a wetland identification study was prepared by RGH/CH2M Hill, Inc. to
complete the study of the closure and use/reuse alternatives for the 9,000-acre parcel
at FGGM (USAEC, 1994). The report describes the methods used to identify wetlands
on the parcel and presents a map of wetlands distribution.
A Final EIS for the comprehensive base realignment and partial closure for FGGM and
Fort Holabird was prepared by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, in
August, 1991. This report focuses on the environmental and socioeconomic impacts
associated with the planned base realignment and partial closure at FGGM and Fort
Holabird. The EIS covers the 9,000-acre BRAC parcel at FGGM.
A Draft SI report was submitted by EA Engineering, Science and Technology (EA) in
January, 1992. This report discusses conditions at the Helicopter Hangar Area (HHA)
four inactive landfills (IAL1 to IAL4), the DRMO, the Fire Training Area (FTA), the
Ordnance Demolition Area (ODA), underground storage tanks, and asbestos The
Final SI was submitted in October 1992 (USAEC, 1992b).
A Draft SI Addendum (SJA) report, prepared by Arthur D. Little, Inc., addresses data
gaps identified in the previous SI report (USAEC, 1994a). The SIA focused on the
following six areas of investigation: DRMO Salvage Yard, the FTA, the HHA, IAL2, the
ODA, and Soldiers Lake. Another study, a Remedial Investigation Addendum (RIA),
was conducted concurrently with the SIA (USAEC, 1993a). Two sites, the Active
Sanitary Landfill (ASL) and the Clean Fill Dump (CFD), are included in the RIA study.
The results of the RIA are reported as a separate document. However, some basewide
data, such as geology, general hydrogeology, and background soil concentrations, are
reported in both reports.
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Tint™ A Jf^ Wa,S conducted ^ Human Factors Applications, Inc. (HFA) over^hT
Tiptop Airfield parcel in 1996 (USAGE, 1997a). With the exception of the inferior area!
of the mac** andfill sites and areas beneath water, all unpaved areas o the parcel
were searched for potential UXO to a depth of four feet.
HthM' 1"8a and USACE' 1998b> of 'ALL IAL2, IAL3, the CFD the FTA
and the HHA were prepared by ICF Kaiser. In addition, an ecological risk assessment
' **
«nHSaJnPpn9 ra-3 f°r the DRMO area (USACE, 1999) was recently approved by EPA
and MDE. Th.s report investigated the potential for the DRMO area to act as an
upgradient source for groundwater contamination in the Tipton area Thfe Rl data
?]± ?"?" d8teZ'?e d It;3* the DRM° 3rea Was not imPactin9 tne groundwater at £
ISLhi :t While other groundwater studies will still be conducted for separate
operable units at Fort Meade, no other upgradient areas are suspected as sources of
Tipton area groundwater contamination. »"">** OF
The Rl reports for the TAP were performed to characterize potential environmental
contammafon and to conduct baseline ecological and human health risk assessments
The Summary of the Risks" section presents the results of the risk assessments.
A,c« * ARMY ACTIONS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TAKEN IN THE TIPTON
AIRFIELD AREA
The following is a list of many actions and safety precautions taken by the Army at the
I f\F\.
Ordnance Survey (1994): The Army commissioned an ordnance survey covering all
areas of the airfield to assess the extent of ordnance remaining at the site and
surrounding areas. During this survey, ordnance was searched for to a depth of six
inches below the surface, and 10% of the remaining area was surveyed for
ordnance to a depth of five feet. During this action, a total of 1 ,400 ordnance items
were recovered from the site and surrounding areas.
Ordnance Clearance M995-1997V The Army searched for ordnance from all
accessible areas to a four-foot depth. Inactive landfill areas, wetlands and all
paved surfaces were excluded. During this action, 1,548 ordnance items were
recovered, rendered safe, and disposed of. In addition, more than 33 tons of scrap
(concrete, metal, and miscellaneous debris) were recovered incidental to the
ordnance removal. Much of this material was recycled at local facilities.
Miscellaneous Debris Removal (Summer 1998V Several items that were identified
during ordnance removal projects were recovered for disposal. Items removed
included several 55-gallon drums and an old vehicle-mounted storage tank.
Ordnance Safety Measures. Inactive Landfill 3 M998): The Army performed
ordnance survey work in and around IAL3. The safety plan for this area includes
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developing a long-term monitoring plan for the site. The first step in this effort was
to identify the depth of soil cover over any landfill debris at this site. The Army will
now develop a schedule for periodic surface sweeps of the area to ensure that no
ordnance items have migrated to the surface through frost action.
• Ordnance Safety Measures. Inactive Landfill 2 M9981: IAL2, located at the southern
most end of the Tipton parcel, could not be cleared of suspected ordnance because
the area contains large amounts of rubble debris and is partially composed of
wetlands with a shallow water table. The selected response action.for this site was
the installation of a passive engineering control consisting of a seven-foot high chain
link fence with three-strand barbed wire surrounding the entire site. The fence ties
into an existing like fence along Wildlife Loop Road, and encompasses an area of
24.68 acres that will be retained by FGGM. IAL2 will not be included in the Tipton
parcel transfer to Anne Arundel County.
• Ordnance Safety Measures. Building Debris Site /1999}r The Army took additional
ordnance safety measures at a 2 1/2-acre area designated as the Building Debris
Site. Because of its central location, this area has been made a priority for reuse.
The selected response action for the site is a combination of additional ordnance
clearance and construction of a vehicle parking lot.
* Ordnance Safety Measures. Inactive Landfill 1 (1998-19991: The selected response
action for the site is a combination of ordnance clearance to a four-foot depth and
construction of a safety cover. During this action, 54 ordnance items were
recovered, rendered safe, and disposed. In addition, more than 760 tons of scrap
(concrete, metal, and miscellaneous debris) were recovered incidental to the
ordnance removal, and recycled at local facilities. The area of IAL1 not cleared of
suspected ordnance is approximately 5.5 acres. A three-foot thick safety cover has
been constructed.
In summary, the Army's prior response actions address the explosives risks related to
UXO and protect human health and the environment. The specifics of the Tipton
Airfield Decision Document (July, 1998), and the Decision Document Addendum
(November, 1998) include the establishment and enforcement of land use restrictions,
initially via the FGGM Master Plan and, subsequent to property transfer, via deed
restrictions. Existing land use restrictions include a prohibition on conducting any
surface or subsurface excavations, digging, well drilling, or other disturbances of soil, or
below paved surfaces, without prior written approval of the U.S. Government. This
approval is also required for the first four feet which was previously cleared of ordnance
items. Exceptions can be made for emergency repair of existing utilities. Groundwater
use at the TAP is restricted for any potable or non-potable purposes except for
environmental studies. Furthermore, the existing land use restrictions prohibit
residential use of the property without evaluation of residential exposure risk.
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4.0 HIGHLIGHTS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
4.1 PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD
The Army provided a 30-day comment period from April 21,1999 to Mav 21 1999 to
prov.de an opportunity for public involvement in the decision-making process During
the comment penod, the public was invited to review the Proposed Plan and the
environmental investigation reports. These reports were made available to the public
and are located in the Administrative Record. The Administrative Record is the body of
documents that forms the basis for the selection of a particular response at a site The
Administrative Record includes documents that support the response decision relevant
wpr^nnltlhatHWKe? ^ "f?" i" Selectin9the response action, and documents that
were considered but not used in the decision making process.
belowdm'niStratiVe Re°0rd W3S made available to the Public at me locations listed
1) Provinces Public Library
2624 Annapolis Road
Severn, MD 21144
Phone: (410)222-6280
Hours: Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays -1:00 p.m. to 9:00 p m •
Wednesdays and Saturdays - 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p m • and
Fridays - 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.
2) U.S. Army
Directorate of Public Works
Attn: ANME-PWE, Bldg. 239
2-1/2 Street and Ross Road
Fort Meade, MD 20755
Phone: (410)962-7677
4.2 PUBLIC MEETING
The Army held a public meeting on the Proposed Plan on May 12,1999 at 7'00 p m to
accept oral comments. The meeting was held at the EPA Environmental Science
Center at Fort Meade. This meeting provided an opportunity for the public to comment
on the Proposed Plan. No comments were received during the public meeting.
4.3 ADDITIONAL PUBLIC INFORMATION
The Proposed Plan provided a summary of the actions considered and the results of
environmental studies conducted at the TAP OU. The public is encouraged to consult
the Administrative Record for a more detailed explanation.
The notice of availability of the Proposed Plan document was published in the Baltimore
Sun on April 21. 1999 and in the Capitol Gazette April 22, 1999. A Responsiveness
Summary, included as part of this ROD, has been prepared to respond to the
comments, criticisms, and any new relevant information received during the comment
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period. Upon signing the ROD, the Army will publish a notice of availability of this ROD
in the Baltimore Sun and the Capitol Gazette, and place the ROD in the Administrative
Record located in the repositories mentioned above.
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\ 5.0 SCOPE AND ROLE OF THE OPERABLE UNIT RESPONSE
5.1 SELECTION OF REMEDY
This ROD, the second for the Fort Meade NPL site, presents the selection of the final
remedial alternative for soils dnd groundwater at the TAP OU, which together address
all of the known contamination at the TAP OU. In addition, the final groundwater
remedy in this ROD serves as the final remedial alternative for the TAA OU This ROD
does not address other OUs at Fort Meade. The remaining OUs are currently under
independent investigations and will be addressed separately in future Proposed Plans
and RODs.
No further action is necessary at the TAP OU to protect human health and the
environment. Under the no further action alternative, no remedial action will be taken at
?f0 £M OU based uP°n botn tne current level of risk posed by contamination at the
TAP OU and the protectiveness provided by prior actions. This is the final response
action for the TAP OU.
Based upon these findings, the remedy also requires that every two years after the date
of this ROD, groundwater will be sampled from certain wells. Monitoring results will be
provided to EPA, MDE, and the Army. In addition, the Tipton area will be inspected to
assure compliance with the land use restrictions. A review every 5 years will be
conducted to evaluate the frequency and need for continued monitoring. This is to
ensure that the remedy continues to provide adequate protection of human health and
the environment. This is the final planned response action for the TAP OU.
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16.0 SITE CHARACTERISTICS
6.1 SITE TOPOGRAPHY
The TAP OU lies within the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The site is
characterized by low roiling uplands and low-gradient streams. Within the TAP OU the
relief vanes over a range of approximately 90 feet (ft); the lowest elevation (90 ft) '
occurs within the Little Patuxent River; whereas the highest elevation (180 ft) occurs on
the northern boundary of the TAP OU. The majority of the site topography, which has
been modified to accommodate the airfield, slopes gently to the west or south.
6.2 ADJACENT LAND USE
The TAP OU is bordered to the north by State Highway 32. The OU is bounded to the
south, east, and west by the Department of Interior's Patuxent Research Refuge (see
i igure i ).
6.3 SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY
Figure 2 shows the surface drainage features at the TAP OU. Runoff originating within
the penmeter portions of the TAP OU is conveyed by drainages west or south to
tnbutanes or drainages of the Little Patuxent River. Runoff from the central portion of
the area flows into a stormwater collection and conveyance system beneath the airfield
which discharges, via french drains, to the Little Patuxent River or its drainages.
6.4 GEOLOGY / HYDROGEOLOGY
FGGM is located on the unconsolidated sands, clays, and silts of the Coastal Plain
which were deposited from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary geologic periods The
Coastal Plain sediments dip and thicken to the east and southeast.
The surficial deposits present beneath the TAP OU are primarily from the lower
Cretaceous age Potomac Group. Quaternary alluvium and river terrace deposits are
locally present adjacent to the Little Patuxent River. The Potomac Group consists of
from youngest to oldest, the Patapsco Formation, Arundel Clay, and Patuxent
Formation. The lower portion of the Patapsco Formation outcrops at the TAP OU It
consists of up to 40 feet of silty sands. Airfield construction fill was locally obtained
from this unit. The Arundel Formation consists of massive beds of red, brown and gray
clay with local zones of more permeable layers. The Arundel Clay is approximately 265
feet thick. The Arundel Clay was penetrated during Rl activities at IAL2. The Patuxent
Formation consists of a thick sequence of sand-rich sediments which are underlain by
crystalline bedrock of the Baltimore Mafic Complex at 600 to 800 feet below ground
surface.
At the TAP OU, the water table is present, generally at depths less than ten feet below
ground surface, within the lower portion of the Patapsco formation. The water table
aquifer extends down to the top of the Arundel Clay and has a maximum saturated
thickness of approximately 25 feet in this area. Unconfined groundwater flow is
controlled by topography and flow is generally west or south toward the Little Patuxent
River. The Arundel Clay acts as a regional confining layer below the Patapsco aquifer.
However, groundwater is locally found in confined or semi-confined sand lenses within
the upper portions of the Arundel Clay. The Patuxent Aquifer, which is present
JUNE 1999 Fort George G.Meade
JUNE 1999 Fjna| Doajmen,
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INACTIVE
LjLANDI
INACTIVE^ '
LANDFILLX'
2
STREAM OR DRAINAGE
ROAD
« BUILDING
APPROXIMATE EXTENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
AREAS ADDRESSED IN THIS RECORD OF DECISION
PRR
. VISITOR
I CUNfE
BALTIMORE DISTRICT
US Army Corps of Engineers
CONTRACT NO. 0 AC A31 -94-0-0064 FORT GEORGE G. MEADC
FIIE: TA-SW
DATE: 06-14-99
FIGURE 2
TIPTON AIRFIELD DRAINAGES
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TAP Ooertola Unit _^
between the Arundel Clay and bedrock, is a regionally important groundwater source
Regional groundwater flow in the Patuxent aquifer is to the east-southeast.
6.5 ECOLOGY
The habitat in the TAP OU has been heavily altered and is likely to only support limited
flora and fauna typical of disturbed urban/light industrial areas. As delineated the TAP
OU contains no wetlands or protected or endangered species. Wetlands protected
species, sensitive environments are present in nearby areas of the PRR and the Little
Patuxent River. Any drainage from the TAP OU would flow, via surface runoff or the
airfield stormwater management system into the Little Patuxent River. An ecological
nsk assessment has concluded that there is a very limited potential for adverse effects
to terrestrial plant and invertebrate communities and to aquatic life (USAGE, 1998a)
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7.0 SUMMARY OF SITE RISKS
—•————^—____^____^^_-_____
7.1 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
Cancer risks are expressed as numbers reflecting the increased chance that a oerson
tWhe chee±,f fnC6rA Jf h,fhe JS direCtly 6XpOSed ^9" through woZg aJ the s'S) to
p«™? ™- m 'ue Qroundwater and soil at the site over a period of time For
example EPA's acceptable risk range for Superfund sites is 10^ to 1CT6 meanha 'there
mi,nonn M^firr " ^ ^Sanf (1 X 1°^ to one additionarcSTon:
mimon (1x10) that a person will develop cancer if exposed to a certain hazardous
substance. The nsk associated with developing other health effects is e^ressed as an
aLWnt'Ch, 'S, the, r?i0 °f the SXiSting level of 6XP°sure to contaminants at a Ite to an
acceptable level of exposure. At or below an HI of 1 , adverse effects are not expected
A HI is also used to evaluate ecological risks. expected.
indUC!ed b0t,h ecol°9ical and human health risk assessments to address
.ent and future risks posed to human health and the environment
associated w,th the s.te. The human health risk assessment was based on exposure to
soil surface water, sediment, and supplementary evaluations of groundwater The
ecological nsk assessment was based on exposure to soil, sediments, and surface
t^a In Assessment included estimates of the risk posed to human health and
he environment assummg the continuation of the current industrial (non-residential)
rnnll? sf nan°' as we» as risk in «he absence of restrictions, or in the event of
contaminant m,grat.on. The establishment of land use restrictions eliminates the
exposure route to the contaminated groundwater and, therefore, protects human health
SSriH? env'L°nment Thf groundwater assessment supports the continuation of these
restnctions. The current land use scenario estimates the level of risk posed by Fort
Meade s current use of the land. The current land use scenario is based on the
assumption that the property remains under U.S. Government authority to enforce
existing land use restrictions and continues in current or like use and assumes the
migration to off-site receptors will not occur at unacceptable levels.
Existing land use restrictions, as established by the Tipton Airfield Decision Document
(July, 1998) and the Decision Document Addendum (November, 1998) include a
prohibition on conducting any surface or subsurface excavations, digging, well drilling
or other disturbances of soil, or below paved surfaces, without prior written approval of
the U.S. Government. This approval is also required for the first four feet which was
previously cleared of ordnance items. Exceptions can be made for emergency repair of
existing utilities. Groundwater use at the Tipton area is restricted for any potable or
nonpotable purposes except for environmental studies.
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In the unlikely event that the site's use would change, the property will revert back to
the U.S. Government. The human health risk assessment will need to be evaluated for
residential receptors in the unlikely event that the site would be developed for
residential use.
Local hydrogeology shows shallow groundwater discharging to surface waters prior to
leaving the Tfpton area. After several decades, sanitary waste maten'als at the TAA
and TAP do not appear to be degrading groundwater quality in the shallowest saturated
zone (water table aquifer), with the exception of the inorganics arsenic, iron,
manganese, and chromium. Of this group, arsenic most frequently exceeds risk-based
screening guidance. Arsenic, which may be naturally occurring, has been found to be
pervasive throughout the TAA and TAP, both in the study areas .and in background
samples of soils, sediments, and groundwater. The concentrations of detected iron and
manganese are within published regional values and also may be occurring naturally.
The aquifers underlying the TAA and TAP are used as sources of groundwater by
residents located off-post to the east (i.e., regionally downgradient). However, based
on existing information regarding the nature/extent of chemicals and hydrogeology, the
likelihood that chemicals from the Tipton area are migrating to these residential wells is
unlikely. Furthermore, the Tipton area does not appear to be significantly impacting the
shallow aquifers. Large sections of clay in the upper portions of the Arundel Clay Layer
and high hydraulic head differences between the shallow and deep wells in the western
part of the TAA suggest little potential for communication between the water table
aquifer and the deeper confined aquifers. Groundwater samples collected from the
upper portions of the Arundel Clay at IAL#3 (where MCL exceedences for certain
contaminants have been identified) show a westward gradient toward the Little
Patuxent River. Downgradient wells in the upper portions of the Arundel Clay did not
show this contamination. Overall, a downward vertical gradient is evident between the
shallow and deep monitoring wells. Data from other areas suggest that deeper
water-bearing zones in the Arundel Clay may follow the deeper regional flow to the
east.
7.2 HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR AREES 10 AND 11
Two potential human receptors were identified based on current and reasonably
anticipated future land use:
• Worker contact (dermal contact and incidental ingestion) with surface soils and
worker ingestion of groundwater (supplemental assessment); and
• Trespassers: soil ingestion and dermal contact; surface water dermal contact;
sediment ingestion and dermal contact
Even though residential use is not anticipated in this area and no target receptors exist
due to land use restrictions, residential calculations for groundwater were evaluated for
informational purposes only.
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Final Recora of Decision
Health risk levels, determined using EPA Guidelines to ensure that co
estimates of potential health effects, differ depending on the assumed se
because human exposure differs with land use. As outlined above, a conservative
estimate of nsk was developed incorporating the potential exposure pathways
rS 9, TSPt0rf tha!, mf-y be exp°sed t0 soil' Q^ndwater, surface water, and
sediment at the s.te and wh.ch were evaluated in the risk assessment included daily
workers and occasional recreational users. y
Levels below^ unacceptable risk-based concentrations of pesticides were widely if
infrequently, found. Metals were ubiquitous. Based on the reasonably anticipaied
future and use, risk associated with direct contact with the environment under
occupation^ or recreational scenarios were at the low end of EPA's acceptable risk
range of 10 to 10* The His calculated using the same reasonably anticipated future
and use were all below 1. Additionally, since these risks are driven mainly by metals
they appear to be partially or wholly due to inorganic chemicals that may be occurrinq
naturally. y
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Final Reconj of Decision
TABLE 1 - SUMMARY OF THE HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
In the following table, cancer risk estimates are compared with the USEPA's target
risk range for health protectiveness at Superfund sites of 1 xirr* to 1xicr*.
The potential for adverse non-carcinogenic effects was assessed by comparing the
non-carcinogenic hazard indices to a value of 1. An HI less than 1 indicates that
adverse non-carcinogenic health effects would not be expected to occur
Medium of Concern
Surface soil
Receptors - Site worker and trespasser pathways
Incidental ingestion by site workers:
Dermal absorption by site workers:
Incidental ingestion by trespassers:
Dermal absorption by trespassers:
Surface Water
Receptor- Trespasser pathway
Dermal absorption by trespassers:
Sediments
Receptor- Trespasser pathway
Incidental ingestion by trespassers:
Dermal absorption by trespassers:
Qroundwater (Supplemental Assessment)
Receptor — Future site worker pathway
Incidental ingestion by site worker:
AREES10&11
Cumulative
Cancer Risk
8x1 0'7
2x10*
2x1 0'7
2x1 0'7
9x1 0*
9x1 0'7
3x1 0's
2x1 CT5
Cumulative
Hazard Risk
<1 (5x1 0"3)
<1 (1x10~2)
<1 (3x1 cr3)
<1 (3x1 0"3)
<1 (1x1 0'2)
<1 (9x1 0"3)
<1 (2x1 0'2)
3x10°
As always, the physical hazards associated with UXO are a potential concern. Fort
Meade has already conducted UXO surveys at the site to address this risk. As
discussed previously, an Ordnance and Explosives (OE) Removal was conducted by
Human Factors Applications, Inc (HFA) over the Tipton airfield parcel, in 1996 (USAGE,
1997a). With the exception of the interior areas of the inactive landfills, all unpaved
areas of the parcel were searched for potential UXO to a depth of four feet. Other UXO
work performed by the Army is also discussed in this ROD.
An isolated detection of 2-amino-4, 6-dinitrotoluene was observed at 0.522 ^g/l in well
MW3-2. This compound, an explosives degradation product, was detected at lower
depths (Arundel Confining Layer) during one of two sampling rounds. This isolated
detection resulted in an HI less than 1 for commercial/industrial use scenarios.
4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene was detected in both sampling rounds in well MW3-2. The
average sample concentration is 28.6 ^gl\ resulting in a HI of 2 (EPA Region 3 risk-
based screening concentration = 2.2 /zg/l; Hazard Quotient of 1). The area-wide
evaluation of groundwater concluded that the contamination was not originating from an
identifiable source area within the TAP, but was the result of past activities at Fort
Meade. There is no known carcinogenic risk associated with 4-amino-2,6-
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- "• i Final Record of Decision
dinitrotoluene. The aminodinitrotoluenes (particularly 4-A-2.6-DNT) are associated with
His greater than 1 for groundwater use by workers or residents. Because of the land
use restrictions already in effect, it has been determined that no exposure pathways to
the public exist due to this class of contaminants, provided restrictions continue This is
also true of metals, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthaiate, and acetophenone, which could
contnbute further to risks (both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic) if residential
receptors were ever exposed to the groundwater. In addition, a study of groundwater
migration does not indicate expected migration of these chemicals to off-post residential
wells above unacceptable concentrations. Given the relatively low concentrations of the
aminodinitrotoluenes, the lack of a known carcinogenic risk relating to this class of
contaminants, the lack of an identifiable source of these contaminants within the TAP
and the lack of an exposure route, it has been determined that no active groundwater
remediation is required.
The Rl report also documents MCL exceedances of the volatile organic compound
benzene, in well MW3-2 during two sampling rounds. Benzene has an MCL of 5 o'^g/l
The average benzene concentration detected during the two sampling events was 9 05
A*g/l. The Rl investigation did not reveal a likely source area. Although the average
concentration of 9.05 /*gi\ exceeds the MCL, the risks associated with benzene in the
Tipton area groundwater as a whole were relatively low. Even if the groundwater were
used residential^, the benzene risks would be as follows: for a child, the HI would be
0.04; for an adult, the HI would be 0.07; and the cancer risk would be 2 x 10"6.
Therefore, it has been determined that benzene is not one of the risk drivers for
groundwater.
7.3 ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR AREES 10 AND 11
The following pathways were identified as sources of potential exposure:
• Root uptake from contaminated soil;
• Contact and absorption, incidental ingestion, and feeding on contaminated food and
soil; and
• Bjoaccumulation from vegetation or animal prey.
The ecological risk assessment evaluated exposure of terrestrial and aquatic receptors
from surface soil, sediments, and surface water exposures from the site. The use of
the site as the approach area for the airport located on the TAP will discourage
terrestrial ecological receptors.
Several metals (including chromium, aluminum, and vanadium) and low levels of
pesticides exceeded the ecological screening criteria for the various plant and
invertebrate receptors. The site's commercial and/or occupational use will discourage a
diverse plant community. This will also significantly reduce the natural habitat of
terrestrial receptors. By considering the reasonably anticipated future land use and
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expected management practices, the results support the plan for no further action at the
TABLE 2 - SUMMARY OF THE ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT (ERA)
Medium of Concern
Surface soil
Effects to:
(a) Terrestrial plant
communities; and
(b) Terrestrial invertebrate
communities (as
represented by
earthworms)
Pathways: Direct contact with
chemicals
AREEs 10 and 11 (ERA Findings)
Minimal risk - Aluminum, chromium, and
vanadium exceeded the earthworm TRVs at all
sample locations. However, the detected
background concentrations also exceeded plant
TRVs, suggesting the on-site concentrations are
at many locations, reflective of the local/regional
soil type, in which case earthworms are likely to
be adapted to these levels.
7.4 CONCLUSION
Because the human health and ecological risk assessments concluded that site
conditions, in light of the existing land-use restrictions established under the prior
response action, do not pose an unacceptable risk to potential human and ecological
receptors, no further action is deemed appropriate to protect human health and the
environment.
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8.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE "NO FURTHER ACTION" ALTERNATIVE
The selected remedy for the TAP OU is no further action. At the time of this ROD
future land-use of the TAP OU was determined to be an industrial airport The TAP OU
was used as a military airfield from the early 1960s to September 1995, when it was
closed. The airport conversion of this airfield was initially planned as a partnership
between Howard County and Anne Arundel County. Anne Arundel County currently
wnf inH?.HeoaSl°tn thff K bUi'dingS 3t the TAP OU' The second lease- which is Pending,
will include additional hangar areas, the runway and taxiways.
The current land-use scenario is based on the assumption that the property remains
under U.S. Government authority to enforce existing land-use restrictions and continues
in current or hke use. When title to this BRAG property is transferred, the restrictions on
future and use will be embodied in the deed. The U.S. Government will retain the
ability to enforce those use restrictions established in prior Decision Documents In
addition, after transfer of title to the property, in the unlikely event that the TAP OU's
use as an airport would change, title to the property will revert back to the U S
Government. A human health risk assessment will need to be evaluated for residential
receptors in the unlikely event that the TAP OU would be developed for residential use
Because of these findings, every two years after the date of this ROD, groundwater will
be sampled from certain wells. Monitoring results will be provided to EPA, MDE and
the Army. In addition, the Tipton area will be inspected to assure compliance with the
land use restrictions. A review every 5 years will be conducted to evaluate the
frequency and need for continued monitoring. This is to ensure that the remedy
continues to provide adequate protection of human health and the environment This is
the final planned response action for the TAP OU and groundwater in the Tipton Area
which includes the TAA OU.
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19.0 RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY
The purpose of the Responsiveness Summary is to provide the public with a summary
of citizen comments, concerns, and questions regarding the TAP OU. No comments
were rece.ved during the 30-day public comment period9 from April 21, 1999 to May 21,
the
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