&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Groundwater Remedies Selected at
Superfund Sites
Fact Sheet and Order Information
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA) Technology Innovation Office (TIO)
encourages the use of innovative, cost-effective
technologies for the characterization and
treatment of contaminated groundwater, soils,
and waste sites. To "achieve that goal, TIO
works with many partners inside EPA, in other
federal agencies, and in the private sector to
identify better, faster, and cheaper options for
cleanup.
TIO is pleased to announce the release of the
report Groundwater Remedies Selected at
Superfund Sites, EPA 542-R-01-022. This report
documents the selection of groundwater
remedies at Superfund remedial action sites.
TIO historically has provided information about
innovative and conventional remedies at
Superfund sites in the report Treatment
Technologies for Site Cleanup: Annual Status
Report (Tenth Edition) (ASR). Currently in its
tenth edition, the ASR has focused primarily on
source control treatment and has not addressed
groundwater remedies in depth. This report
presents data on groundwater remedy decisions
at Superfund remedial action sites and analyzes
trends in those decisions over time. This
information may help site managers, technology
service providers, and other stakeholders to
identify and select remedies for groundwater
remediation. In addition,
EPA can use the information
in the report to track
groundwater remedy
selections and assist site
managers in their quest to
optimize past or future
remedies with new
information and knowledge
acquired from analyzing all
remedies in the program.
Methodology
The information was
gathered from 989 Records
of Decision (ROD) or ROD
Amendments, signed over a
17- year period (fiscal year
[FY] 1982 to FY 1999), at 787 Superfund remedial
action sites. In addition, detailed information about
the technologies used to perform in situ
groundwater treatment is presented for 95 treatment
projects at 81 sites. The groundwater remedies
discussed and analyzed in this report include pump-
and-treat (P&T), in situ treatment, and monitored
natural attenuation (MNA).
Findings
Following are some of the key findings of the
report:
The percentage of groundwater remedy
RODs that selected only groundwater
P&T remedies has decreased from 92%
in FY 1986 to 30% in FY 1999.
The percentage of groundwater remedy
RODs selecting in situ treatment
increased sharply from FY 1995 (9%)
through FY 1999 (35%).
Between FY 1982 and FY 1999,
groundwater remedies were selected at
more than half (54%) of Superfund sites.
The percentage of groundwater remedy
RODs selecting only MNA has increased
from 8% in FY 1986 to 23% in FY 1999.
, Grounawater Remedies
| seleetw at supe rfw* sites
" ' '
Ordering Information
A PDF version of this report is
available at EPA's Hazardous Waste
Cleanup Information (CLU-IN) web
site at http://clu-in.org/groundwater.
This site also includes access to
downloadable spreadsheets that
contain supporting data for specific
figures presented in the report.
These spreadsheets contain more
detailed information about the.
remedies selected at specific sites
and in specific RODs.
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Solid Waste and EPA 542-F-01 -041
Emergency Response January 2002
(51026) clu-in.org/groundwater
A CDA Emergency Response January 2002
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
National Service Center for
Environmental Publications
P.O. Box 42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
Groundwater Remedies Selected at
Superfund Sites
Fact Sheet and Order Information
Order Form
To order Groundwater Remedies Selected at Superfund Sites (EPA 542-R-01-022) please call 1 -800-490-9198, or complete
this form and mail or fax it to:
National Service Center for Environmental Publications
P.O. Box 42419 Order or>lme or download
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Fax: (513)489-8695
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