United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5102W)
EPA 542-F-95-008
June 1995
Progress in Reducing
Impediments to the Use of
Innovative Remediation
Technology
BACKGROUND
The Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
created the Technology Innovation Office (TIO) in April
1990 to act as an advocate for new technologies. TIO's
mission is to increase the applications of innovative
treatment technologies to contaminated waste sites, soils,
and groundwater. Because of its small size, TIO has
encouraged and relied on cooperative ventures with other
partners to accomplish most of its early goals. This effort
to leverage resources has led to numerous joint efforts that
have enhanced the state of remediation. Over the past five
years, TIO has worked with many partners inside EPA, in
other federal agencies, and in the private sector to improve
the Nation's understanding of remediation treatment tech-
nologies and reduce the impediments to their widespread use.
Within the agency, TIO works with other offices to: affect
policy changes; assist technology demonstrations; analy/e
trends in technology development and use; identify the
supply of technologies and vendors to the marketplace;
chart the future demand for remediation technologies and
services; document cost and performance parameters foi
technologies; improve the diffusion of technology-related
information; 2nd provide continuing education for federal
and state remediation project managers.
Outside the Agency, TIO works in concert with states, other
federal agencies, professional associations, and private
companies to create a marketplace with a rich diversity of
cost effective solutions for the Nation's and world's
remediation needs. The goal of these partnerships is to create
an information-rich and practical network for all public and
private decision-makers who affect the applications of
clean-up technologies to contaminated soil and groundwater.
This document highlights the accomplishments made to
date by TIO and its partners to advance innovative treat-
ment technologies. Through continued cooperative ven-
tures, TIO will strive to enhance the supply of technologies
and information to the market to speed the cleanup of our
Nation's waste sites.
POLICY AND REGULATORY
IMPROVEMENTS
The following policy and regulatory changes have been
made by EPA to reduce impediments to technology use:
<* Revised the Treatability Study Sample Exclusion Rule
(59 FR 8362) on February 18, 1994, to increase the
quantity limits up to 10,000 kilograms of contaminated
media for treatability studies that may be conditionally
exempt from RCRA permitting and manifest require-
ments. This provision will be available in states that have
made appropriate revisions to their own regulations.
These larger quantities will assist both hazardous waste
technology development and remedial decision-making.
<• Promulgated the Corrective Action Management Unit
and Temporary Unit Rule (58 FR 8658) on February 16,
1993, as an optional provision under Subpart S of 40
CFR 264. This rule is expected to result in more on-
site waste treatment, less reliance on incineration, and
greater reliance on innovative treatment technologies.
<» Delegated authority to issue Site Specific Treatability
Variances for contaminated soils and debris to the
Regions (OSWER Delegation 8-40).
•J* Authorized more states for the Treatability Exclusion
Rule, Research, Development, and Demonstration
Permit Authority, and Subpart X Permit Authority.
These authorizations will simplify approvals and allow
more flexibility for testing and demonstrating innova-
tive treatment technologies (9380.3-09FS).
<» Promulgated a rule on August 18, 1992, for Land
Disposal Restriction of Contaminated Debris, which
allows more flexible treatment standards than under the
original Land Disposal Regulations (40 CFR 268).
<• Developed and began implementation of Strategy to
Increase the Use of Innovative In Situ Treatment
-------
Technologies for Contaminated Ground Water (EPA/
542/F-92/025, December 1992).
<• Issued the Superfund Response Action Contractor
Indemnification Rule (58 FR 5972) on January 25,
1993, which included provisions that allow lower
deductibles for contractors using innovative treatment
technologies
*i* Issued a directive on furthering the use of innovative
treatment technologies in Superfund and other EPA
waste-related programs [OSWER Directive 9380.0-
17FS(August 1991)], which:
0 encourages reasonable risk-taking in selecting
innovative treatment technologies
0 requires innovative technologies to be routinely
considered as an option in engineering studies
0 establishes initiatives and new procedures that will
provide incentives for broader use of innovative
technologies
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
DEMONSTRATION IMPROVEMENTS
*> Worked with Clean Sites, Inc., through a cooperative
agreement, to establish public-private partnerships
among Fortune 500 technology users, other federal
agencies, and regulators to demonstrate and evaluate
available innovative technologies on problems of
mutual concern at federal facility sites The first
demonstrations were implemented at McClellan An
Force Base ((/A) in 1994, and work is underway foi
field demonstrations at six additional facilities: De-
partment of Energy (DOE) Pinellas Plant (FL), DOE
Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (KY), Joliet Army
Ammunition Plant (IE), Otis Air National Guard Base
(MA), Naval Air Station North Island (CA), and DOE
Mound Plant (OH).
* With the Office of Research and Development (ORD),
organized the Remedial Technologies Development
Forum (RTDF). RTDF encourages collaboration
among companies, public interest groups, states,
universities. DOE, and the Department of Defense
(DOD) in defining, prioritizing, and funding new,
untried concepts for cleanup technologies. By consult-
ing on technologies at the earliest stages of their
development, RTDF seeks to combine the financial and
intellectual resources of consortium members to
promote research coordination and eliminate duplica-
uve research and development.
*!* With ORD, serves as project director for the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization's Committee for the
Challenges to Modern Society pilot study. This is an
international information exchange to evaluate demon-
strated and emerging remedial action technologies lor
the cleanup of contaminated land and groundwater.
Continuously tracked the status of all Superfund
innovative treatment projects in Innovative Treatment
Technologies: Annual Status Report (Sixth Edition),
September 1994 (EPA/542/R-94/005). This report
contains information on over 300 innovative technol-
ogy projects at Superfund remedial and removal sites,
and enhances communication among vendors, experi-
enced technology users, and those who are considering
using innovative treatment technologies.
With DOD and ORD, updated the Remediation
Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide:
Version 2 (EPA-542-B-93-005), which was originally
developed by TIO and members of the Federal
Remediation Technology Roundtable. This document
profiles 55 innovative and established technologies for
the remediation of soil, sediment, sludge., groundwater,
and air/off gas treatment processes This new document
also presents a detailed discussion of the properties and
behavior of five common contaminant groups (VOCs,
SVOCs, fuels, inorganics, and explosives).
With ORD, organized the EPA-led Bioremediation
Action Committee (BAC), which has improved
bioremediation as an innovative technology for site
remediation. Since 1991, the BAC, an affiliation of
industry, academia, and government officials, has:
0 identified high-priority research needs through a
workshop of government, university, and industry
representatives in April 1991
0 produced interim guidance for preparing
bioremediation spill response plans to help On-
Scene Coordinators determine whether
bioremediation agents or methods are safe and
effective for oil spills
0 set protocols that can be used to collect data to
identify safe and effective products for the
bioremediation of oil spills in the Oil
Bioremediation Products Testing Protocol Meth-
ods Manual. This is available from the National
Environmental Technology Application Corpora-
tion (1-800-48NETAC)
For more information on the BAC, refer to the Bioreme-
diation Action Committee brochure (EPA/600/F-93/001).
With ORD, established the Bioremediation Field
Initiative, an initiative that provides EPA and state
project managers, consulting engineers, and industry
with timely information regarding new developments
in the application of bioremediation at hazardous waste
sites. The initiative evaluates the performance of
selected full-scale field applications at nine selected
hazardous waste sites. These performance evaluations
generate data needed to define the capabilities of
bioremediation technologies. For more information on
this initiative, refer to the Bioremediation Field
Initiative brochure (EPA/540/F-92/012).
-------
0 Soil Washing (EPA/542/F-92/003)
0 Solvent Extraction (EPA/542/F-92/004)
0 Glycolate Dehalogenation (EPA/542/F-92/005)
0 Thermal Desorption (EPA/542/F-92/006)
0 In Situ Soil Flushing (EPA/542/F-92/007)
0 Bioventing (EPA/542/F-92/008)
0 Using Indigenous and Exogenous Microorganisms
In Bioremediation (EPA/542/F-92/009)
0 Air Sparging (EPA/542/F-92./010)
(Spanish versions became available in 1993.)
Published the Literature Survey of Innovative Tech-
nologies/or Hazardous Waste Site Remediation:
1987-1991 (EPA/542/B-92/004), a bibliography of
information resources on innovative technologies
which was developed to improve awareness of the
technical literature concerning innovative technologies.
Developed and continued to operate the CERCLA
Education Center (CEC), a unique training forum that
aims at providing On-Scene Coordinators, Remedial
Project Managers, Site Assessment Managers, and
other Superfund staff with basic and advanced training
on the laws, regulations, and processes that make up
the Superfund program. TIO publishes a Course
Overview and Schedule that describes CEC courses
and provides a schedule of course offerings (EPA/542/
F-95/004). CEC course curriculum includes:
0 Fundamentals of Superfund
0 The Enforcement Process
0 The Removal Process
0 The Remedial Process
0 Community Relations in Superfund
0 Federal Facility Enforcement
0 Innovative Treatment Technologies
Orientation and training manuals include:
0 The CERCLA/Superfund Orientation Manual
(EPA/542/R-92/005)
0 The OSWER Source Book: Training and Technol-
ogy Transfer Resources 1994-1995
(EPA/542/B-94/011a&b)
0 OSWER Quarterly Training Calendar
In cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International
Development, the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, and the Office of International Activities,
developed the Principles of Hazardous Waste Site
Ranking train-the-trainer course to provide basic
environmental management information to the emerg-
ing democracies of Central and Eastern Europe. In
1993, the course was presented in Hungary and, in
1994, in Poland. In mid-1995, TIO plans to bring it to
Bulgaria and, in 1996, again to Hungary. The primary
objective of this course is to assist the host government
in developing programs to establish hazardous site
remediation priorities.
Developed a teaching outline and support materials for
a one-semester hazardous waste course on innovative
technologies for use by graduate Environmental
Engineering Departments. The course, developed by
the University of Connecticut with the Association of
Environmental Engineering Professors, is now avail-
able from Lewis Publishers, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida,
1-800-272-7737. Catalog # L1056.
In conjunction with ASTSWMO, developed a five-day
State Site Managers' CERCLA Training course. TIO
delivered this course twice in 1994 to 144 participants,
which fulfilled its original commitment for providing
training sessions for state Superfund staff, and then
handed over the training responsibilities to
ASTSWMO. The course is a compilation of selected
modules from three existing CEC courses: Fundamen-
tals of Superfund, Enforcement Process, and Remedial
Process.
Continued sponsoring EPA's Training Forum, a group
of Regional Training Coordinators organized to
improve coordination of training-related activities and
enhance communication among OSWER's Program
and Regional Offices. They meet bimonthly via
teleconference and hold semiannual meetings.
Continued sponsoring the annual Regional and Na-
tional Notable Achievement Awards. These awards
are presented at the Regional and National level in
seven categories: OSC of the Year, OSC Peer of the
Year, RPM of the Year, RPM Peer of the Year, SAM
of the Year, SAM Peer of the Year, and Superfund
Team of the Year. Recipients of the Regional awards
are honored in a special ceremony within the Region.
They then go through a review process by a National
Awards Panel, which is in charge of selecting the
national award recipients. The National Award reci-
pients are honored by EPA's Administrator in a special
ceremony at EPA Headquarters in Washington, DC.
MAILING LIST/ORDER INFORMATION
To order copies of the EPA documents listed in this document, send a fax request to the U.S. EPA National
Center for Environmental Publications and Information (NCEPI) at 513-489-8695, or send a mail request to
NCEPI, P.O. Box 42419, Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419.
-------
Through the Bioremediation Field Initiative, developed
Version 1.0 of the Bioremediation in the Field Search
System (BFSS), an information resource about practical
bioremediation projects nationwide for federal and state
regulators, consulting engineers, industry personnel, and
researchers interested in the field application of bioreme-
diation. BFSS is available on EPA's Alternative Treat-
ment Technology Information Clearinghouse (ATTIC )
(703-908-2138), Cleanup Information (CLU-IN) (301-
589-8366), and ORD (513-569-7610) electronic bulletin
board systems.
Supported a proposal to create a National Bioremediation
Field Research Center at Wurtsmith Air Force Base in
Michigan for applied public and private research and
development on the use of bioremediation. Additional
support and funding is being provided by a consortium of
states and federal agencies, EPA Hazardous Substance
Research Centers, and corporations.
Established a Groundwater Remediation Technologies
Analyses Center. A cooperative agreement will be
awarded in the summer of 1995. The center will:
0 track ongoing groundwater research and development
on a continuing basis
0 promote coordination between public and private
research groups
0 encourage the demonstration of promising remedia-
tion research
Inventoried the status of in situ groundwater remediation
technologies in In Situ Treatment of Contaminated
Ground Water: An Inventory of Research and Demon-
stration
on six abiotic technologies:
(EPA 542-K-94-003)
(EPA 542-K-94-004)
Fracturing
(EPA 542-K-94-005)
(EPA 542-K-94-006)
(EPA 542-K-94-007)
(EPA 542-K-94-009)
Expanded the status reports
Surfactant Enhancements
Treatment Walls
Hydrofracturing/Pneumatic
Cosolvents
Electrokinetics
Thermal Enhancements
INFORMATION SHARING
IMPROVEMENTS
TIO and its partners have sponsored activities to enhance the
remediation technology marketplace, including:
•> Sponsored three marketplace conferences to highlight
business opportunities and markets for developers and
vendors of innovative treatment technologies (1993-
1994). Invitees included senior state, EPA, DOD, DOE,
and Commerce officials with business executives from
technology firms. Summary proceedings of these
conferences are available: West Coast Remediation
Marketplace: Business Opportunities for Innovative
Technologies (EPA/542/R-94/008); Rocky Mountain
Remediation Marketplace: Business Opportunities for
Innovative Technologies (EPA/542/R-94/006); and
Northeast Remediation Marketplace: Business
Opportunities for Innovative Technologies (EPA/542/
R-94/001). Two additional marketplace conferences
will be held in 1995: one in the Southeast and the
other in the Mid-Atlantic
Through a cooperative agreement with the American
Academy of Environmental Engineers and its associ-
ated professional organizations, developed monographs
to outline state-of-the-practice information on the
operating parameters of eight treatment technologies.
The Departments of Defense and Energy provided joint
funding for the project, entitled WASTECH All
monographs will be completed by the WASTECH
workgroups by late spring, 1995. The volumes will be
expanded over the next two years to add information
on actual operating experience. In addition,
WASTECH offered five Regional training seminars on
the technologies included in the series.
Chaired the Federal Remediation Technologies
Roundtable, a working group of senior officials from
federal agencies involved in the development and use
of innovative site cleanup technologies. The
Roundtable provides the opportunity for free exchange
of information among these organizations through its
semiannual meetings, its series of publications highlight-
ing federal sources of information and demonstrations,
and its subgroups. The Cost and Performance Sub-
group recently completed an effort to achieve greater
standardization in the reporting of information on the
cost and performance of innovative technologies at
completed site cleanups with the publication of a Guide
to Documenting Cost and Performance for Remedia-
tion Projects (EPA/542/B-95/002).
Published and revised three Federal Remediation
Technologies Roundtable publications describing
federal agency activities related to innovative treatment
technologies: Accessing Federal Data Bases for
Contaminated Site Clean-up Technologies: Third
Edition (EPA/542/B-93/008); Federal Publications on
Alternative and Innovative Treatment Technologies for
Corrective Action and Site Remediation: Third Edition
(EPA/542/B-93/007); Synopses of Federal Demon-
strations of Innovative Site Remediation Technologies:
Third Edition (EPA/542/B-93/009).
Published 37 clean-up case study reports prepared by
the Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable.
These studies are available in four separate volumes:
Remediation Case Studies: Bioremediation; Remedia-
tion Case Studies: Groundwater Treatment; Remedia-
tion Case Studies: Soil Vapor Extraction; Remediation
Case Studies: Thermal Desorption, Soil Washing, and
In Situ Vitrification. Published Abstracts ofRemedia-
-------
tion Case Studies (EPA/542/R-95/001) containing two-
page summaries of each case study.
Signed a Memorandum of Understanding between
EPA and the Small Business Administration to "ensure
that the U.S. Government effectively encourages,
supports, and enables U.S. small businesses to develop,
market, and/or adopt cost-effective environmental
technologies to achieve economic growth and environ-
mental compliance."
Co-authored with SBA Bridging the Valley of Death, a
finance study that addresses management, regulatory,
exporting, and financing issues faced by environmental
technology developers and users. The study was
released at the White House Conference on Technol-
ogy for a Sustainable Future.
Published Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment
Technologies. A Developers Guide to Support Ser-
vices, Third Edition (EPA/542/B-94/012), a booklet
that provides information on sources of technical,
financial, and regulatory assistance and support in
bringing technologies from the proof-of-concept stage
to commercialization.
Published the benchmark study Cleaning Up the
Nation 's Waste Sites; Technology and Market Trends
(EPA/542/R-92/012, PB93-140762) to provide innova-
tive technology developers and investors with infon na-
tion on future demand for remediation services. With
over 4,000 copies in circulation, this study includes
information on site characteristics, market size, and
other demand factors of the major waste site cleanup
programs in the United States. Initiated report update,
which is scheduled for late 1995.
Developed Quick Reference Fact Sheets on Regional
experiences with procurement of innovative technolo-
gies at Superfund remedial sites (EPA/542/F-92/012)
and removal sites (EPA/542/F-92/013)
Continued to sponsor the Superfund Technical Support
Project, which is comprised of the Groundwater,
Engineering, and Federal Facility Forums and the
Technical Support Centers. These groups address
groundwater and engineering concerns related to site
remediation, develop issues papers on these topics, and
conduct technical reviews for four guidance documents
each year. They conduct monthly teleconferences and
sponsor a semiannual meeting, where speakers are
invited to present information on a diverse set of topics
related to groundwater, engineering, and federal
facility site remediation issues.
Continued to support seven Superfund Technical
Support Centers, which provide Regional staff with
site-specific assistance in the areas of groundwater
lemediation, risk assessment, engineering, site charac-
terization, radiological evaluation, and modeling. This
assistance often is provided through telephone commu-
nications, site visits, document review, technology
evaluation, information clearinghouses, demonstration
projects, publication of reports and journal articles, and
technical workshops
With ORD, co-sponsored the five Forums on Innova-
tive Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies:
Domestic and International. These three-day confer-
ences introduced and highlighted innovative treatment
technologies having actual performance results. They
showcased results of selected international technolo-
gies, Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) program technologies, and case studies from
those using innovative technologies. Since the Forums
were introduced in 1991, over 2,000 people from
government, industry, and international organizations
have had a unique opportunity to exchange information
on remediation technologies and practices.
Published a brochure entitled Accessing EPA 's Envi-
ronmental Technology Programs (EPA/542/F-94/005).
This brochure was developed to help environmental
technology developers and users access the full range
of assistance and cooperative partnerships offered by
EPA. It briefly describes the role of each major EPA
office in encouraging the development and use of
innovative technologies for pollution prevention,
pollution control, and remediation.
Published Profile of Innovative Technologies and
Vendors for Waste Site Remediation (EPA/542/R-94/
002), which documents the characteristics of vendors
that supply innovative technologies. The study in-
cluded an analysis of the number of employees and sales.
Completed an analysis of Feasibility Studies from 1991
and 1992 Superfund ROD sites to determine why
innovative technologies were or were not being
selected, and to identify barriers and data gaps about
specific technologies. The information from this
analysis will be distributed to the Regions and EPA's
laboratories and will be used to support development of
policies to encourage more widespread, constructive
consideration and use of innovative technologies.
Produced five Technology Resource Guides on
Innovative Treatment Technologies, which contain
user-friendly infonnation on documents, databases,
hotlines, and dockets pertaining to these technologies:
0 Bioremediation Resource Guide
(EPA/542/B-93/004)
0 Groundwater Treatment Technology Resource
Guide (EPA/542/B-94/009)
0 Soil Vapor Extraction Treatment Technology
Resource Guide (EPA/542/B-94/007)
0 Physical/Chemical Treatment Technology Resource-
Guide (EPA/542/B-94/008)
0 Enhancements to Soil Vapor Extraction Technology
(EPA/542/B-95/003)
-------
Published three regular newsletters devoted to current
application of innovative technology:
0 Tech Trends provides descriptions and perfor-
mance data for innovative source control technolo-
gies that have been applied in the field.
(EPA/542/N-93/001, EPA/542/N-93/007, EPA/
542/N-93/010, EPA/542/N-94/001, EPA/542/N-
94/004, EPA/542/N-94/006, EPA/542/N-94/008,
EPA/542/N-95/001)
0 Bioremediation in the Field offers information on
applying bioremediation to site cleanup. Describes
treatability studies and bioremediation projects
planned, operating, or completed at CERCLA,
RCRA, UST, and TSCA sites. (EPA/540/N-94/
500, EPA/540/N-94/500, EPA/540/N-94/501)
0 Ground Water Currents provides information on
innovative groundwater treatment technologies
including development and demonstrations, new
regulations, and conferences and publications.
(EPA/542/N-93/003, EPA/542/N-93/006, EPA/
542/N-93/008, EPA/542/N-93/011, EPA/542/N-
94/002, EPA/542/N-94/005, EPA/542/N-94/007.
EPA/542/N-94/009, EPA/542/N-95/002)
Participated as a major exhibitor at over 100 national
and international conferences, workshops, sympo-
siums, and trade shows focusing on the development
and use of innovative treatment technologies for site
remediation. Distributed over 100,000 copies of
technical literature on innovative technologies, such as
fact sheets, bulletins, reports, and bibliographies on the
application of innovative technologies.
In coordination with the National Exposure Research
Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada, developed the
Vendor Field Analytical and Characterization Tech-
nologies System (Vendor FACTS) database, which
will be released in the first quarter of FY96. This
database will contain information on innovative
techniques for site and waste characterization and
promote the use of more cost-effective methods for on-
site monitoring.
Developed and maintained the Vendor Information
System for Innovative Treatment Technologies
(VISITT), which provides current information on
innovative technology vendors, their products, and
capabilities. As of FY94, the VISITT 3.0 database
included information on 277 innovative treatment
technologies offered by 171 developers and vendors.
The system is being used by more than 10,000 users
from 60 countries. For more information, refer to the
VISITT brochure (EPA/542/N-94/003).
• Developed and enhanced EPA's Clean-Up Information
(CLU-IN) electronic bulletin board to provide hazard-
ous waste professionals information on innovative
treatment technologies. This computerized bulletin
board offers a number of information sources that may
be read on-line in bulletin format or as files that can be
downloaded. As of April 1995, CLU-IN averaged
3,600 calls per month from its 6,800 active registered
users. In 1994, availability of and connectivity to
CLU-IN were enhanced. Dial-in users can now access
the system at (301) 589-8366 using up to a 28,000-
baud modem. INTERNET users may access CLU-IN
using TELNET. The TELNET address is 134.67.99.13
or clu-in.epa.gov. Contents include Federal Register
notices on hazardous wastes, listings of EPA publica-
tions, a calendar of EPA training programs, and listings
of National Priority List sites. Voice assistance is avail-
able at (301) 589-8368.
In cooperation with the Association of State and
Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials
(ASTSWMO), TIO opened an ASTSWMO Special
Interest Group (SIG) on CLU-IN. The SIG facilitates
information exchange among state waste management
officials across the nation.
In cooperation with EPA's Office of Underground
Storage Tanks, TIO opened an Underground Storage
Tank (UST) SIG on CLU-IN to facilitate information
exchange among state officials responsible for manag-
ing tank clean-up programs.
Regularly updated a bibliography of the best EPA
documents related to innovative technologies, entitled
Selected Alternative and Innovative Treatment Tech-
nologies for Corrective Action and Site Remediation:
A Bibliography of EPA Information Resources (EPA/
542/B-95/001).
Developed a series of satellite videoconferences
sponsored by the Air and Waste Management Associa-
tion and the Hazardous Waste Action Coalition in
cooperation with the U. S. Air Force, DOE, the Water
Environment Federation, EPA, the American Institute
of Chemical Engineers, the National Solid Waste
Management Association, the Association of State and
Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials, and the
Technology Innovation and Economics Committee of
EPA's National Advisory Council on Environmental
Policy and Technology. These seminars included:
Bioremediation: The State of Practice in Hazardous
Waste Remediation Operations (January 9, 1992),
Bioventing and Vacuum Extraction: Uses and Appli-
cations in Remedial Operations (April 15, 1992),
Thermal Treatment: Thermally Enhanced Volatiliza-
tion (February 18, 1993), and Changing Molecular and
Physical States (March 18, 1993).
• Produced ten Citizens' Guide fact sheets on innovative
technologies, which provide easy-to-understand
technology descriptions for the general public:
0 Innovative Treatment Technologies For Contami-
nated Soils, Sludges, Sediments, and Debris
(EPA/542/F-92/001)
0 How Innovative Treatment Technologies Are
Being Successfully Applied At Superfund Sites
(EPA/542/F-92/002)
------- |