United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Research and Development (481)
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response (5102G)
EPA542-F-97-013
November 1997
v>EPA In Situ Flushing Action Team
RTDF
Remediation Technologies
Development Forum
Action
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What Is the In Situ Flushing Action Team?
The In Situ Flushing Action Team, established in 1997, is one of seven
Action Teams under the Remediation Technologies Development Forum
(RTDF). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created the
RTDF in 1992 to foster collaboration between the public and private sectors
in developing innovative solutions to mutual hazardous waste problems. The
In Situ Flushing Action Team includes representatives from industry,
government, and academia who share an interest in facilitating the develop-
ment, evaluation, and potential implementation of chemically enhanced
contaminant extraction methodologies for subsurface remediation.
What Are In Situ Flushing Technologies?
In situ flushing technologies reduce ground-water contaminant concentra-
tions by injecting an aqueous solution containing chemical adjuvants (e.g.,
surfactants and cosolvents) into highly contaminated source zones.
Subsurface contaminants are solubilized and/or mobilized by the injected
flushing solution and then extracted via downgradient extraction wells for
above-ground treatment. Advantages of in situ flushing include:
>- Does not require excavation, handling, or transport of large quantities of
contaminated soils
>- Is potentially applicable to a wide range of contaminants in both
vadose and saturated zones
> Accelerates site remediation and achievement of cleanup goals
>- Is specifically designed for source zone remediation
What Is the Action Team's Mission?
The Action Team's mission is to facilitate the development, evaluation, and
implementation of in situ flushing technologies for source remediation.
What Action Items Has the Team
Identified?
The action items identified by this RTDF group are tied together under one
"umbrella" project involving the conceptual design of a large-scale in situ
flushing study. Action items are to:
> Further develop technical practices and produce a general protocol
> Perform economic evaluations and compare the costs of in situ tech-
nologies with those of conventional treatments
> Develop adjuvant recovery and reuse systems
> Analyze endpoint issues and define success criteria by answering
"How clean is clean?"
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The Action Team is in the process of forming work groups to investigate the
above-listed action areas. Other action items identified by the In Situ Action
Team include:
> Dissemination of information to regulators and site managers to
increase their confidence in using this technology and to eliminate
misconceptions
> Identification of applicable test sites for future studies and improve-
ment of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source identification
techniques
> Analysis of this technology's potential niche in the market (evaluate
who is going to need this product, determine how many sites will have
conditions that are conducive to this technology, and establish the
status of competing technologies)
> Identification of funding sources for further development of
technology
> Assessment of the benefits of partial mass removal and the use of
other processes, such as natural attenuation or bioremediation, to
achieve cleanup levels after the in situ flushing has been performed
What Organizations Are Represented
on the Action Team?
nU.S. Environmental
Protection Agency
U.S Department of Energy
U.S. Air Force
Naval Facilities Engineering Service
Center
DuPont
Witco Corporation
Institute of Gas Technology
Clemson University
Colorado State University
CSIRO (Australia)
University of Florida
University of Michigan
University of Oklahoma
Rice University
University of Texas
KTDF
Remediation Technologies
Development Forum
Would You Like
More Information?
For more information on the /// Situ
Flushing Action Team, please
contact:
Lynn Wood, Ph. D.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, OK 74820
Tel: 405-436-8552 Fax: 405-436-8703
E-mail: \vood.lynn@epamail.epa.gov
Stephen Shoemaker
DuPont Corporate Remediation
140 Cypress Station Drive, Suite 135
Houston, TX 77090
Tel: 281-586-2513 Fax: 281-586-5650
E-mail:
stephen.h.shoemaker@usa.dupont.com
For more information on the RTDF or other
Action Teams, please visit the RTDF World
Wide Web site at www.rtdf.org or contact:
Robert Olexsey
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 05268
Tel: 513-569-7861
E-mail: olexsey.bob@epamail.epa.gov
Walter Kovalick, Jr., Ph.D.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
(51026)
Washington, DC 24060
Tel: 703-603-9910
E-mail: kovalick.walter@epamail.epa.gov
To request other RTDF fact sheets, please
write/fax to:
EPA/NCEPI
11305 Reed Hartman Highway, Suite 219
Cincinnati, OH 45241
Fax: 513-489-8695
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