United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(OS-1 10W)
EPA/542/N-93/005
May 1993
The Applied Technologies Journal for Superfund Removals and Remedial Actions and RCRA Corrective Actions
Border Crossing
Sites
Both Jfee tf & H*A a«J Environ-
men* Canada hav«pre^rairB that:
sttppcutt emerging; innovative tecfe-
nology d«ve!0f»ae'tf and technkal
evaltagon demonstrations. BPA's
Superfend Innovative Technology
Thermal Desorption System
Treats Wide Variety
of Solid Wastes
by Paul R. dePercin, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
Organic)
M«rcury
-« ] Thermal
^(J physical
Solid
wastes
*nem aria ttemoftstralkxxof Site
#>i8Rf} Program am described
tte Speck! Insert to thia issue trf
_
^ the SITE and
. DBSRt programs |oi» K^efter
froa* &ȣ toting in evaluating in-
novative technologies. Don't miss
the artieleoi* the Ecft t£g*C system
tive effort belweentw SITE awi
DESRI pst^iens.
The X*TRAX™ Model 200 Thermal
Desorption System developed by
Chemical Waste Management, Inc.,
is a low-temperature process de-
signed to separate organic contami-
nants from soils, sludges and other
solid media. The system is a ther-
mal and physical separation process
that does not involve incineration. It
is fully transportable and requires
an area of about 125 feet by 145 feet.
The XTRAX™ system was
evaluated under the EPA s Super-
fund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) program at the
Re-Solve Superfund Site in North
Dartmouth, Massachusetts. Approxi-
mately 35,000 tons of soils and sedi-
ments at the site are contaminated
with PCBs in concentrations
SITE Program Technologies in ATTIC
Bioremediation
14%
Solidification/
Stabilization
13%
Mixed Waste
3%
Thermal Treatment
23%
Physical Treatment
28%
Of 177 technologies reported, source documents include Demonstrations Bulletins,
Technology Profiles, Technology Evaluation Reports and Applications Analysis Reports.
ranging from 181 to 515 milligrams
per kilogram (mg/kg). The
XTRAX successfully removed
PCBs at an average removal effi-
ciency of 99.9%. PCB concentrations
in all treated soil samples were less
than 1.0 mg/kg; and, the average
concentration was 0.25 mg/kg.
Tetrachloroethene, total recoverable
petroleum hydrocarbons and oil
and grease, present in concentra-
tions of 365 micrograms per kilo-
gram (ng/kg), 893 mg/kg and
913 mg/kg, respectively, were all
reduced to below detectable levels
in treated soil.
During the SITE demonstration,
about 215 tons of soil were treated at
an average feed rate of 4.9 tons per
hour for 2 hours with an average
treated soil temperature of 732 de-
grees Fahrenheit First, contaminated
solids were fed into an externally
heated rotary dryer where tempera-
tures ranged from 750 to 950 degrees.
Evaporated contaminants were re-
moved by a recirculating nitrogen
carrier gas that was maintained at
less than 4% oxygen to prevent com-
bustion. Solids leaving the dryer were
sprayed with treated cooling water to
help reduce dust when the treated
soilids were returned to their original
location to be compacted in place.
The nitrogen carrier gas was treated
to remove and recover dust particles,
organic vapors and water vapors.
(see X*TRAX™ page 2)
Printed with Soy/Canofa ink on paper that contains
at least 50% post-consumer recycled fiber
-------
ATTIC
Canadians in the ATTIC
Not all Alternative Treatment
Technology Information Center
(ATTIC) users are from the United
States. Of the more than 2,900 regis-
tered users to the ATTIC online in-
formation retrieval system, 5% are
Canadians. Canadians share a need
to easily access accurate, up-to-date,
hazardous waste cleanup informa-
tion.
Richard Glue, Regional Coord-
inator for Environment Canada s
National Contaminated Sites
Remediation Program (NCSRP) in
the Pacific and Yukon Region in
North Vancouver, British Columbia,
is a frequent user of ATTIC. He
manages remediation projects in the
region and works with contractors
and local governments to evaluate
appropriate actions for hazardous
waste sites.
Mr. Glue, like many ATTIC users,
has limited time and resources to re-
search data on new technologies. He
uses ATTIC to quickly identify sites
where new technologies have been
demonstrated. For example, he is
able to search the ATTIC database
using the keywords PCBs, soil,
and SITE Program to find 24 re-
ports describing Superfund Innova-
tive Technology Evaluation (SITE)
Program projects that involved soil
contaminated by polychlorinated
biphenyls. The case studies and
reports found in ATTIC are helpful
in evaluating the technologies
recommended by contractors for
remediation of various Canadian
sites. Mr. Glue explained that Ca-
nadians use ATTIC because it is a
well established system with a large
amount of cleanup data that can be
easily searched. The U.S. EPA has
been involved in site clean up for a
long time; and, the NCSRP is willing
to take advantage of the knowledge
and expertise gained from EPA s ex-
periences.
The international border crossing
is not a one way ticket. ATTIC pro-
vides detailed information on a
wide range of alternative treatment
technologies, not only in the U.S.
but abroad as well. For example,
30 of the 2,900 abstracts currently in
the ATTIC database describe Cana-
dian sites. ATTIC can help users to
share information and encourage
technology transfer between nations
and among environmental profes-
sionals.
For information about ATTIC,
contact the ATTIC Program Man-
ager, Joyce Perdek at 908-321-4380.
On-line access to ATTIC is available
by dialing 301-670-3808.
X*TRAX™ from page 1
An eductor scrubber removed dust particles and
10 to 30% of the organic contaminants from the carrier
gas. Scrubber liquid collected in a phase separator from
which sludge and organic liquid phases were pumped
to a filter press, producing filter cake and filtrate. The
filtrate was then separated into organic liquid and wa-
ter phases. Most contaminants removed from the feed
solids were transferred to the organic liquids or the fil-
ter cake. The filter cake was blended with feed solids
into batches and reprocessed in the system, while the
concentrated organic liquids were treated or disposed
of off site.
Carrier gas exiting the scrubber passed through two
condensers in series, where it was cooled to less than
40 degrees F. The condensers separated most of the
remaining water and organic vapors from the gas
stream. Organic vapors were recovered as organic liq-
uids; water was treated by carbon adsorption. (The wa-
ter could be used to cool and reduce dusting from
treated solids, or either could be treated and dis-
charged.) About 5 to 10% of the gas exited the system
through a process vent, passing through a particle filter
and carbon adsorption system before being discharged
to the atmosphere. The volume of gas released by the
X*TRAX™ system is about 100 to 200 times less than the
amount released by an equivalent capacity incinerator.
At Re-Solve, organic air emissions were negligible
(0.4 grams per day); and, no PCBs were detected in vent
gases. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlo-
rinated dibenzofurans were not formed within the sys-
tem. Metals concentrations and soil physical properties
were not altered by the XTRAX™ system.
Bench, pilot and full-scale X*TRAX™ systems have
been used to treat solids contaminated with the follow-
ing wastes: PCBs; halogenated and nonhalogenated sol-
vents; semivolatile organic compounds; polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons; pesticides; herbicides; fuel oils;
BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes); and
mercury. The system has also treated Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous wastes to
meet Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) treatment stan-
dards. RCRA wastes treated include petroleum refinery
wastes (K048 through KO52) and multisource leachate
treatment residues (FO39).
For more information, call Paul dePercin at EPA s
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory at 513-569-7797
(FAX: 513-569-7620).
-------
Crossing the Border
1*1
Environment
Canada
Canada's DESRT Program Funds Innovative Technology from the
Beaker into the Marketplace
by Ginny Hardy and David Hutchinson,
Technology Development Branch, Environment Canada
I n 1989 the Canadian government
established a five-year program to
work with industry to stimulate the
development and demonstration of
new and innovative remediation
technologies for sites containing
soils, sediments, ground water or
surface water and wastes contami-
nated by hazardous substances. This
program, known as DESRT (Devel-
opment and Demonstration of Site
Remediation Technology), has been
funded at $50 million over five
years, beginning in 1990.
Objectives
DESRT focuses primarily on tech-
nologies, processes, methods and
procedures in the areas of site char-
acterization and assessment, reme-
diation and compliance monitoring.
A second objective of the program is
to enhance the scientific knowledge
base in Canada and the develop-
ment of opportunities to market
Canadian expertise and technology
internationally. (Although prefer-
ence is given to Canadian compa-
rues, United States companies can
apply to the program for support.)
Priorities
Similar to EPA s SITE program,
the first priority of the program is to
encourage the demonstration of
promising new technologies that
have been developed to the pilot
plant stage. The second priority,
similar to EPA s Emerging Tech-
nologies program, is to encourage
the advancement of technologies
that are in the laboratory stage of
development in order to offer alter-
native technologies for site remedia-
tion. DESRT also encourages
technologies that are in the stages
leading up to, but not including,
commercialization.
Demonstration
The demonstration component of
the DESRT program evaluates op-
eration, cost and reliability of the in-
novative technology under actual
field conditions so that it can be as-
sessed as an alternative to other
remediation technologies. The
DESRT program will share costs of
an approved demonstration project
with industry, developers of tech-
nology, owners of contaminated
sites and other collaborators for the
initial field application of a pilot or
prototype. Allowable costs in dem-
onstration projects include engineer-
ing and consulting services,
equipment, installation, start-up,
monitoring and evaluation, equip-
ment dismantling and clean-up,
(see DESRT pjye 5-0
-------
May 1993
EPA's SITE Program Supports Emerging Innovative Technology
Development and Technical Evaluation Demonstrations
by John Martin, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
The Superfund Innovative Technol-
ogy Evaluation (SITE) Program,
now in its eighth year, is an integral
part of EPA s development of alter-
native cleanup methods for hazard-
ous waste sites around the United
States. The SITE program was au-
thorized by the Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization act of
1986 with the goal of identifying
technologies, other than land dis-
posal, that are suitable for treating
Superfund wastes. The program is
administered by the Risk Reduction
Engineering Laboratory (RREL) in
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Objectives and Priorities
The program provides an oppor-
tunity for technology vendors to de-
velop and demonstrate their
innovative technologies capability
to successfully process and
remediate Super-fund waste. EPA
evaluates the technology and pro-
vides an assessment of potential for
future use for Superfund cleanup
actions. The SITE program consists
of four related components: (1) the
Demonstration Program, (2) the
Emerging Technology Program,
(3) the Monitoring and Measure-
ment Technologies Program and
(4) Technology Transfer activities
that disseminate information from
the other three programs and pro-
vide technical support to EPA
Regions, other Federal agencies,
States and Superfund contractors.
Demonstration
Through field demonstrations of
pilot or full-scale technologies, the
SITE Demonstration Program de-
velops reliable engineering, perfor-
mance and cost data on innovative,
alternative technologies so that po-
tential users can evaluate a
technology s applicability for a spe-
cific waste site. EPA works with de-
velopers to match the technologies
with appropriate sites, based on
several considerations: the
developer s waste and location
preferences, relevance of the tech-
nology to the site cleanup and Re-
gional needs. Cooperative
agreements between EPA and the
developer set forth responsibilities.
Developers are responsible for op-
erating their systems at the site, and
are expected to pay the costs to
transport the equipment to the site,
operate the equipment on site dur-
ing the demonstration and remove
the equipment from the site. EPA is
responsible for protect planning,
sampling and analysis, quality as-
surance and quality control, prepar-
ing reports and disseminating
information.
Emerging Technology
The Emerging Technology Pro-
gram (ETP) provides a funding
framework to encourage bench-
and pilot-scale testing and evalua-
tion of technologies that, at a mini-
mum, have proven conceptual and
bench-scale feasibility. Through a
cooperative cost sharing agreement
between EPA and the technology
developer, EPA may fund up to
$150,000 for one year, with an addi-
tional year of funding ($300,000
maximum for the two years) for
projects that show significant
progress. After the second year or
significant progress, emerging tech-
nologies may be considered for the
SITE Demonstration program. Fed-
eral agencies, as well as private de-
velopers, can participate in the ETP.
Monitoring and Measurement
Technologies Program
The Monitoring and Measure-
ment Technologies Program
(MMTP) tests the ability of ad-
vanced technologies to assess the
nature and extent of contamination
and evaluate cleanup levels. The
MMTP is looking for new or modi-
fied technologies that can detect,
monitor and measure hazardous
and toxic substances in the subsur-
face (saturated and vadose zones);
air, biological tissues, wastes, and
surface waters, as well as technolo-
gies that characterize the physical
properties of sites. The MMTP is
particularly interested in chemical
sensors for in situ measurements,
ground water sampling devices, soil
and core sampling devices, soil gas
sampling devices, fluid sampling
devices for the vadose zone, in situ
(see SITE Program pj^'e S-;'
-------
»
A Supplement to Tech Trends
, '*,,V;'V IK .',,./'
SITE Program from page 5-2
and field-portable analytical meth-
ods and expert systems that support
field sampling or data acquisition
and analysis. Funding by EPA is
generally not provided to develop-
ers under this program.
Solicitation
Annual solicitations for the SITE
Demonstration program are adver-
tised in the Commerce Business Doily
in January. Annual solicitations for
the ETP are advertised in the Com-
merce Business Doily in July. The
identification of candidate technolo-
gies for the MMTP is ongoing;
therefore, technology developers are
encouraged to submit unsolicited
new and updated information at
any time.
EPA Contacts and Additional
Information
More detailed information on the
SITE program, with an extensive list
of EPA contacts is contained in The
Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation Program: Technology Pro-
files Fifth Edition (Document No.
EPA/540/R-92/077). This publica-
tion further describes the program
and profiles 156 demonstration,
emerging and monitoring and mea-
surement technologies being evalu-
ated under the SITE program. Each
profile describes the technology;
discusses its applicability to various
wastes; discusses its development
or demonstration status and demon-
strations results, if available; and
provides demonstration and tech-
nology contacts. This publication
can be ordered from EPA s Center
for Environmental Research Infor-
mation (CERI) at 26 West Martin
Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio
45268; please refer to the document
number noted above when placing
an order.
The SITE contacts in the EPA s
Risk Reduction Engineering Labora-
tory are John Martin (513-569-7758)
for the Demonstration Program and
Norma Lewis (513-569-7665) for the
Emerging Technology Program;
John and Norma s address is United
States Environmental Protection
Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering
Laboratory, 26 West Martin Luther
King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
The contact for the SITE Monitoring
and Measurement Technologies
Program is Lary Jack (702-798-2373);
Lary s address is United States
Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory, P.O. Box 93478, Las
Vegas, NV 89193-3478. The EPA
Headquarters contact for innovative
technology development is John
Quander (703-308-8845); John s ad-
dress is United States Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Technology
Innovation Office (OS-HOW), 401 M
Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460.
DESRT from page S-/
data quality assurance and quality
control, economic assessment and
report preparation.
Research & Development
The research and development
(R&D) component of the DESRT
program supports the evolution of
promising new or innovative tech-
nologies through the laboratory and
small pilot stages of development
up to the point of field testing. The
program provides financial assis-
tance for a portion of the salary
costs of scientific, engineering and
technical personnel working on spe-
cific processes or products for
which accelerated development is
warranted. Subcontracts to universi-
ties, government and other research
institutions collaborating in the
project may be included as an eli-
gible direct cost. In the case of gov-
ernment research institutions,
incremental costs only are eligible;
salary and related overhead costs
are not. The program may make a fi-
nancial contribution toward the pur-
chase of specialized equipment
necessary for completion of a re-
search project.
Solicitation
Two approaches are used to ini-
tiate DESRT proposals: unsolicited
proposals and requests for propos-
als. Unsolicited proposals are those
submitted by an organization on its
own initiative, to satisfy the technol-
ogy development and demonstra-
tion objectives of the DESRT
(see DESRT page 5-4)
-------
DESRT from page 5-3
program. DESERT requests propos-
als when development and demon-
stration needs arise which are not
otherwise being addressed.
Eligibility
Those eligible for the DESRT pro-
gram are incorporated companies,
universities, municipalities, trade
and research organizations and con-
sulting firms with demonstrated
competance in the field of environ-
mental technology. For individual
projects, preference will be given to
applicants that are, or are working
in close collaboration with, the
owners(s) of a contaminated site(s)
or parties designated responsible
for the remediation of contaminated
sites. All projects must be directed
toward new and improved tech-
nologies that reduce or eliminate
threats posed to the human health
or the environment by contami-
nated sites. The technology must be
unique, or used uniquely, and must
have the potential for wide applica-
tion across Canada or must relate to
a serious problem identified in an
area within Canada. The project
must involve considerable techno-
logical risk in achieving commer-
cialization of the technology and
should be designed to lead, ulti-
mately, to commercialization of the
technology. Eligible proposals for
either type of project are distributed
for review and recommendation
within the federal government and
within the pertinent provincial or
territorial government. As DESRT
involves joint funding by both levels
of government, both levels of gov-
ernment must approve a project.
Funding Arrangements
DESRT funding must bring incre-
mental value to the project; if it
would otherwise proceed at the
same level of effort without DESRT
assistance, the project is ineligible.
Decision on the DESRT share of
funding is negotiated on a case-by-
case basis. The level of financial as-
sistance and the starting date for
financial assistance are confirmed in
a formal contract or other financial
agreement between the applicant
and the designated federal or pro-
vincial agency representing the
DESRT program. The process is
competitive and subject to availabil-
ity of funds.
Ownership Rights
Technology ownership rights are
among the topics negotiated in
reaching a contractual agreement
under the DESRT program. Since
the primary interest of the Canadian
government is to provide new de-
velopments to assist in remediation
of high risk contaminated sites in
Canada, the foremost consideration
in negotiations of ownership rights
will be the potential for successful
commercialization and replication
of the new technology. Additionally,
the government considers factors
such as funding history of the
project, the capacity of the propo-
nent to exploit the new technology
and the contribution made by the
proponent.
Canadian Contacts
For a more complete description
of the DESRT program and for
additional information on the
guidelines for application, egligibil-
ity and selection criteria, please
contact either Ginny Hardy
(telephone: 819-953-0962) or David
J. Hutchison (telephone: 819-953-
5228) at Environment Canada s
DESRT Office. Their Fax number is:
819-953-9029. Their address is:
DESRT Office
Technology Development Branch
Conservation and Protection
Environment Canada
Fourth Floor, Place Cartier
425 St. Joseph Blvd.
Hull, Quebec
CANADA KIA OH3
For your information, the Cana-
dian government also has a pro-
gram that specifically promotes
research on innovative ways to
clean up ground water and soil con-
taminated with petroleum hydro-
carbons. The Groundwater and Soil
Remediation Program (GASReP),
established as a joint government/
industry venture focuses on basic/
applied research and /or technology
development. For a fuller summary
of GASReP, see the March 1993 is-
sue of EPA s Ground Water Currents
(EPA Document No. EPA/542/N-
93/003), which can be ordered from
NCEPI by referring to the EPA
Document Number by fax (513-891-
6685) or by mail addressed to
NCEPI, 11029 Kenwood Road,
Building 5, Cincinnati, OH 45242.
For detailed information, contact
Alex Lye, the CASReP Manager at:
Environmental Technology Office '
Canada Centre for Inland Waters
P.O. Box 5050
867 Lakeshore Road
Burlington, Ontario
CANADA L7R 4A6
Telephone: 416-336-6438
Fax: 416-336-4858
-------
SITE Subjects
Chemical Reduction of PCBs
by Gordon M. Evans, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
EPA s Superfund Innovative Tech-
nology Evaluation (SITE) program
and its Environment Canada
equivalent, the Development and
Demonstration of Site Remediation
Technology (DESRT) program, have
coordinated on a SITE evaluation of
the patented Eco Logic system. The
Eco Logic system is a gas-phase
thermo-chemical process which em-
ploys a reduction reaction of hydro-
gen with organic and chlorinated
organic compounds at elevated tem-
peratures. The reduction reaction
breaks the large-chain molecules
into less problematic hydrocarbons.
Approximately 95% of the reformed
gaseous product is recirculated back
to the reactor, with the remaining
5% used to co-fire a propane fired
preheat boiler. The boiler stack
emissions are not significant.
The system, as tested, consists of
a process reactor (6 ft. in diameter
and 10 ft. tall, capable of handling
25 tons of material per day), a scrub-
ber, a propane-fired pre-heater and
a heat exchanger. The unit is housed
on two flat bed hailers and is de-
signed to handle aqueous and oily
waste streams, as well as harbor
sediments. The presence of water
enhances the reduction reaction,
thus eliminating the need for dewa-
tering.
The SITE demonstration took
place last fail in Bay City, Michigan
where the unit was used to destroy
PCB contaminated water and oils
drawn from beneath a landfill
owned by the city. The polychlori-
nated biphenyl (PCB) concentration
in the oily waste was approximately
40%. A known quantity of
perchlorethylene (PCE) was added
to the waste stream as a control;
PCE is known as a reliable surrogate
measure for PCBs. The reactor test
program consisted of two distinct
test conditions; a nigh oil/low water
feed and a low oil/high water feed.
Three separate test runs were con-
ducted for each test condition. In
addition, the unit was put through a
controlled 72-hour engineering per-
formance run.
Although a number of tests were
conducted during the SITE demon-
stration, the three primary objec-
tives are summarized. The primary
I V*VJ thermocheir
test objective was
to determine the destruction and re-
moval efficiency (DRE) for PCBs at
the propane boiler stack The system
successfully achieved 99.9999% DRE
for ail six runs conducted under
both test conditions. The second test
objective was to determine the de-
struction efficiency (DE) for PCE
the system successfully achieved
99.99% DE for all six runs con-
ducted under both test conditions.
The third test objective was to ex-
amine the fate of dioxin and furan
compounds which are fed into the
system. The demonstration showed
that for each run under both test
conditions, the system was a net de-
structor of dioxin and furan com-
pounds.
A SITE Application Analysis Re-
port and the Technical Evaluation
Report will be available in the sum-
mer of 1993. Additional information
is available from Gordon M. Evans,
Site Project Manager, at EPA's Risk
Reduction Engineering Laboratory
at 513-569-7684. Gordon's fax is:
513-569-7620.
Recycling Superfund Lead Waste
Proves Cost-Effective Alternative
to Treatment and Land Disposal
by Mick Gilbert, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2
You may want to consider sending
lead contaminated drums and other
lead bearing waste at your site to a
recycling facility rather than to a
Subtitle C landfill or an incinerator.
EPA s Region II has discovered that
recycling can be a viable and cost ef-
fective alternative. In 1992, Pat
Augustin of EPA s Emerging Tech-
nology program worked with the
Center for Hazardous Materials Re-
search, Exide Corporation (a lead
smelter and battery manufacturer)
and EPA's Region II to assess the
feasibility of lead recycling for the
various lead bearing materials re-
maining at the NL Industries, Inc.
Superfund Site in Pedricktown,
New Jersey.
^•WVMM ^^
The NL Industries site is a 42
acre former secondary lead smelting
facility. The facility operated from
1972 to 1984. At the facility, used
batteries were broken, drained of
acid and processed through a rotary
furnace to reclaim the lead. Other
lend bearing materials were also
processed through the furnace.
(see Lead page 4)
-------
Lead from page 3
When the company went bankrupt
in 1984, the facility ceased opera-
tions, leaving large amounts of lead
bearing materials on the site. These
materials included lead drosses,
baghouse bags, broken battery cas-
ings, lead-contaminated steel
drums, pallets and debris.
In assessing recycling for the site,
a treatability study was conducted
on the various lead bearing materi-
als remaining on the site. The mate-
nals were initially processed
through the secondary lead smelter
at Exide on a test bum basis to de-
termine the feasibility and econom-
ics of processing these types of
materials. This test determined that
much of the material could be pro-
cessed through the furnace in an
economically and environmentally
sound manner.
Next, the consortium developed
plans to process larger amounts of
the materials to further evaluate if
the smelting industry would be able
to handle and process various lead
bearing materials from Superfund
sites. Over the next several months,
approximately 2.7 million pounds of
lead bearing materials from the site
were recycled at the Exide facility.
Material was processed through the
furnace at a ratio of approximately
40% of material from the NL Indus-
tries site to 60% of Exide s regular
feed stock. The study found that re-
cycling can cost less than land dis-
posal and alternative treatments.
Initial cost estimates for processing
various types of material are pre-
sented below. (Note that the esti-
mates assume that the refined lead
from recycling would sell at the
then prevailing market price of
$0.35 per pound; lower lead prices
imply a higher cost to recycle.)
Incineration of debris containing
lead (i.e., pallets, paper, personal
protective equipment) runs from
$250 to $500 per ton; by comparison,
recycling costs less at $200 to $250
per ton. Land disposal of steel
drums and debris costs approxi-
mately $300 per ton compared to re-
cycling which costs $200 per ton.
Land disposal of rubber battery
cases runs from $250 per cubic yard
compared to recycling at $150 per
cubic yard. Incineration of paint
residues is $350 per ton compared
to recycling at $200 to $225 per ton.
Treatment and disposal of lead
laden soil runs $300 per ton for soils
containing more than 25% lead com-
pared to $250 per ton through recy-
cling. Land disposal of baghouse
bags (Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act listed waste KO69) is
prohibited by land disposal restric-
tions. Recycling of baghouse bags
runs between $200 to $250 per cubic
yard. Costs for lead drosses are:
$300 per ton for land disposal of
50% or more lead content compared
to recycling at $50 to $150 per ton;
$300 per ton for land disposal of
25% to 50% lead compared to recy-
cling at $150 to $200 per ton.
For more information, call Mick
Gilbert, Remedial Project Manager
in EPA s Region 2 at 212-264-6418.
To order additional copies of this or previous issues of Tech Trends, or to be included on the permanent mailing list, send a tax
request to the National Center for Environmental Publications and Information (NCEPI) at 513-891-6685, or send a mail request to NCEPI,
11029 Kenwood Road, Building 5, Cincinnatti, OH 45242. Please refer to the document number on the cover of the issue if available.
Tech Trends welcomes readers' comments and contributions. Address correspondence to: Managing Editor, Tech Trends (OS-110W)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 401 M Street. S.W., Washington, DC 20460.
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
National Center tor Environmental
Publications and Information
; mcmnati, OH 4S242
' liiicial Business
Penalty tor Private Use $?()()
EPA/542/N-92/001
------- |