United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA 543-K-93-003
January 1994
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ENVIROISfMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE
U.S. EPA
Environmental Technology
Initiative: FY 1994
Program Plan
kU
(3
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed wilhSoy/Canola Ink on paper that
contains at least 50% recycled fiber
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For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office
Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328
ISBN 0-16-043088-7
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Foreword
The Clinton-Gore Administration recognizes that environmental protection and
economic development must go hand in hand if we are to ensure a secure future. U.S.
environmental firms are vital to achieving that goal. The United States is poised to supply
the world market with a wide variety of environmental technologies and services. To date,
however, we have not done enough to encourage innovation in environmental technology. In
fact, regulations and programs developed at the federal, state and local levels have often
unintentionally discouraged innovation.
To boost innovation in environmental technology, the President has called upon the
Environmental Protection Agency to lead his multi-year Environmental Technology Initiative.
The Fiscal Year 1994 Program Plan presented here identifies EPA's initial priority
areas. The plan is based on discussions held with the other Federal Agencies and EPA's
program offices, Regions and laboratories. By disseminating this plan, we hope both to
generate interest in the projects that are already underway and also to stimulate dialogue on
additional programs for future years.
I encourage all interested parties to approach our Agency regarding any aspect of
innovative technologies - their development, their marketing, or their use. By forging new
partnerships, we can advance the next generation of environmental technologies - and
enhance both our environment and our economy.
Carol M. Browner
Administrator
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
January 1994 ;
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER I:
ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESTORATION TECHNOLOGIES ... 1
CHAPTER H: CLEAN TECHNOLOGY USE BY SMALL BUSINESS 7
CHAPTER HI:
U.S. TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS (U.S. TIES)
15
CHAPTER IV: GAPS, BARRIERS, AND INCENTIVES 21
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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE
FY 1994 PROGRAM PLAN
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background
In his State of the Union speech on February 17, 1993, President Clinton outlined a new
technology initiative to accelerate environmental protection while strengthening America's industrial
base.
The focus of this activity will be long-term research and pollution prevention by EPA, other
Federal agencies, and the private sector. The goal is to develop more advanced
environmental systems and treatment techniques that can yield environmental benefits and
increase exports of "green" technologies. This investment will aid in the transition away
from a defense-oriented economy, by stimulating the increased use of private sector R&D
resources for environmental quality-related purposes.
The program is funded at $36 million in FY 1994, approximately half of which will be
invested in partnership with other Federal agencies. A long term and expanding effort is
envisioned. Subsequent presentations by the President on February 22 and April 21 focused
particular attention on increasing the export potential of U.S. environmental technology.
Within days of the State of the Union address, EPA began to consider appropriate responses
to the President's Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI). The EPA Innovative Technology
Council (ITC) was tasked to develop the Agency's ETI plan. Formed hi July, 1992, the ITC is an
internal EPA committee of senior program managers whose mission is to promote cross-Agency
approaches to stimulate and accelerate the development of innovative environmental technologies.
In developing options, the ITC recognized the importance of technological innovation to the
Agency's environmental protection mission. The continuing expansion of world population and
economic activity highlights the need for more cost-effective environmental technologies if we are to
protect public health and sustain viable ecosystems at an affordable cost. The ITC also recognized
that the Agency has numerous opportunities to stimulate the development and commercialization of
new environmental technologies through its policies and programs.
FY 94 Program Plan
The purpose of this document is to present the U.S. EPA Environmental Technology
Initiative: FY 1994 Program Plan. The FY 1994 ETI Program Plan was shaped substantially by the
President's speeches and the ITC's ongoing dialogue to develop an EPA Technology Innovation
Strategy. The President articulated two ETI goals. These goals are to advance environmental
protection through the use of innovative technologies and to enhance the marketplace for U.S.
environmental technologies, both at home and abroad. The U.S. EPA Technology Innovation
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Strategy (EPA/542/K-93/002) outlines four strategic approaches through which EPA intends to
accomplish the President's goals:
1. Adapt EPA's policy, regulatory and compliance framework to promote innovation;
2. Strengthen the capacity of technology developers and users to succeed in
environmental technology innovation;
3. Strategically invest EPA funds in the development and commercialization of
promising new technologies; and
4. Accelerate diffusion of innovative technologies at home and abroad.
The four FY 1994 program theme areas selected by the ITC address all of the functional
objectives outlined above. The four themes for FY 1994 are: Environmental and Restoration
Technologies; Clean Technologies for Small Business; Improving Competitiveness of U.S.
Environmental Technologies; and, Gaps, Barriers, and Incentives. The four chapters that follow the
executive summary list 73 specific project areas under the four themes.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESTORATION TECHNOLOGIES
Accelerated development and use of innovative environmental technologies (including
pollution prevention technologies) are critical to both the protection of the nation's environment and
to the competitiveness of U.S. industry at home and abroad. It is generally believed by those in the
environmental technology community, that the overall rate of development and deployment of
environmental technologies today is too slow for both our environmental and economic health. The
goal of this theme area is to accelerate the development and deployment of specific critical
technologies by direct funding of evaluation, development, and commercialization activities.
Projects that have been chosen under this theme meet a number of criteria. The projects
either: focus heavily on the need for a specific technology to fill either an implementation or
regulatory gap; focus on an opportunity to optimize a technology, lowering its cost, and thus
making it more accessible; or focus on technologies that are at a critical point in their development
when infusions of federal funds can make a substantial difference in scale-up and commercialization.
An over-arching selection criterion for this area is that the projects funded have a substantial
likelihood of success within a reasonable period of time (see Chapter I).
This theme area addresses technology development in four areas: pollution control,
environmental remediation, pollution prevention, and monitoring. Three projects are funded to
further the ability of environmental monitoring devices to characterize pollutant releases and assure
compliance with emissions standards. Eight pollution prevention projects are funded in the plastics,
metal plating, solvent replacement, and clean car areas. Five projects are aimed at direct control of
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pollution releases from various industrial processes and eight projects are funded for remediation
technology development.
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY FOR SMALL BUSINESS
A major EPA objective is to prevent pollution before it is created. The Agency wants to
expand the development and use of pollution prevention solutions to environmental problems, an
approach that is particularly important to environmental progress and the competitiveness of small
businesses. Small businesses often lack the technical and financial resources to develop, understand,
identify, and/or utilize pollution prevention opportunities. Pollution prevention technologies are the
preferred solutions to environmental problems, especially when they improve competitiveness,
efficiency, and environmental compliance. This portion of the ETI strengthens EPA's ability to
address the pollution prevention needs and opportunities of industries dominated by small business.
Pollution prevention, the reduction or elimination of the generation of pollutants, offers the
potential to achieve environmental progress while increasing productivity and decreasing the use of
energy and materials. Many manufacturing companies have already reaped substantial benefits from
pollution prevention. For example, 3M's Pollution Prevention Pays (3P) program has saved
hundreds of millions of dollars for the corporation over the last 15 years.
In the Clean Technology focus area (Chapter II), EPA will attempt to bring the benefits of
pollution prevention to small businesses by acting as a convener and partner, a collaborator in
technology diffusion, and an educator. Building on its successful Design for the Environment and
Clean Technology R&D programs, EPA will partner with other federal agencies, such as the
National Institute for Science and Technology, the Small Business Administration, state and local
agencies, and the private sector in implementing this program. Projects will focus on three areas:
1. Technical assistance. The Agency keeks partnered, leveraged, and tailored support for
diffusion of pollution prevention technologies for specific industries dominated by smaller
businesses. Projects in this area are designed to disseminate sound technical information hi formats
that are understandable to potential users. In these projects, the Agency will take advantage of the
expertise and diffusion networks of existing organizations.
2. Joint research with targeted industry segments. The Agency will emphasize joint research
and commercialization projects that involve a mix of organizations from the public, private, and
non-profit sectors. In this way, research targets, designs, and evaluations can be performed by a
joint project team using a combination of technical, commercial, and environmental decision factors
that can be tailored to the needs of businesses in targeted industries.
3. Catalyze the design of safer chemicals and processes. The Agency will seek to catalyze
clean technology development that is funded by other government agencies and outside institutions.
EPA will try to increase the capacity of these outside organizations to succeed. The types of
capacity most often needed include: scientific and engineering expertise; performance and cost
evaluation designs; market assessments; business planning; and sites for testing and evaluation.
Direct funding for research or commercialization of specific technologies is not provided in this
area.
in
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IMPROVING COMPETITIVENESS OF U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
The U. S. Technology for International Environmental Solutions (U.S. TIES) is an inter-
agency technology diffusion program designed to enlist greater participation of the U.S. private
sector in achieving U.S. environmental objectives overseas. Led by EPA, and focussing on both the
demand for and supply of environmental technologies, this public-private partnership supports
environmental projects in a number of areas, including: international technical assistance and
training, information dissemination, financial assistance, technology demonstrations, and the
international adoption of regulations and standards. The U.S. TIES theme serves as the
international component of the ETI.
While U.S. TIES was first proposed shortly after the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the
concept of a public-private partnership on behalf of the global environment was further emphasized
in a number of recent Presidential and Congressional mandates. One of the primary objectives of
the ETI, as outlined hi the President's State of the Union address, is to "develop more advanced
environmental systems and increase exports of 'green' technologies." Congress, in appropriating
FY 1994 funds for the ETI, specified that the primary objective should be the "development and
employment of environmental technologies to enhance the environmental security and the economic
standing of the U.S. in the world marketplace." Moreover, in November 1993, the Clinton
administration proposed a comprehensive strategy for enhancing U.S. environmental exports in the
niter-agency report entitled Environmental Technology Exports: Strategic Framework for U.S.
Leadership1. Funding for projects under U.S. TIES enables EPA to respond to these Presidential
and Congressional mandates in a strategic and integrated manner.
U.S. TIES is aimed at assuring that American innovators, manufacturers, service suppliers,
and workers play a major role hi the improvement of the world's environment through the provision
of their goods and services. Unlike many other governmental programs, which rely heavily on
public sector resources to perform specific functions, this initiative enlists the expertise, creativity,
and resources of the U.S. private sector in addressing environmental problems. While many other
Federal agencies will be involved in this effort in a promotional way, EPA's role will be unique
(see Chapter III).
First, the Agency will continue its traditional function of assisting other nations in defining
their environmental problems and hi identifying potential solutions through training, technical
assistance, capacity building, feasibility evaluation, and demonstration projects. These activities
will help other nations solve their environmental problems and allow the Agency to better
define the potential international marketplace for American innovators. Assessments of international
markets and technology needs will be conducted on a targeted basis. This function links directly
with other Federal agencies' mandates and expertise in export promotion and business development.
Second, EPA will assist other countries in evaluating the performance of pollution control
and remediation technologies. Because of its central function in evaluating the adequacy and
Copies of this report may be obtained by contacting the U.S. Department of Commerce at
(202) 482-6055.
IV
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applicability of technologies in the American environment, EPA serves the vital function of the
"honest third party" in evaluating technological and procedural alternatives to environmental
problems. The Agency's reputation worldwide for objective evaluation is pivotal in assuring that
useful U.S. technologies be considered by other countries as those nations seek to address
environmental challenges. The development, evaluation, and barrier reduction activities found hi
the other ETI focus areas will be of enormous importance in carrying out the activities and goals of
this part of the program.
GAPS, BARRIERS, AND INCENTIVES
To be effective in achieving the President's goals for environmental technology innovation,
EPA needs to demonstrate leadership in redirecting and stimulating public and private investment in
technologies in two ways. First, EPA must attempt to create among all stakeholders a consensus
that articulates the nation's environmental and economic goals. Through this stakeholder process,
EPA can best identify strategies for achieving technological breakthroughs that support the nation's
goals. Second, EPA must change the national "climate" for environmental technology innovation to
make it more supportive throughout the continuum of technology financing, development, testing,
evaluation, marketing, and diffusion. The national agenda for innovative technology can serve to
stimulate private sector investment hi the environmental marketplace and help to set priorities for
federal investment, both of which are needed to achieve the optimal results. EPA's ETI program
for FY 1994 aggressively moves to address both of these objectives.
First, the ETI will identify and characterize the important technological gaps. EPA will
support a nationwide process with key stakeholders in environmental technology innovation and
marketing, that will build upon existing EPA expertise and data, to develop and issue the first
National Agenda for Environmental Technology Innovation. This process will initiate an ongoing
dialogue with all stakeholders to help stimulate and shape future investments. The approach to
identifying gaps in environmental technology will be performance-oriented to avoid blind alleys
created by prematurely locking hi to specific technological solutions.
Second, the ETI will be used to achieve short- and long-term changes in the climate for
innovation through changes to EPA environmental programs and policies. The program will seek
visible early improvements and consensus around an agenda for additional improvements. EPA will
focus its attention and resources on creating environmental policies and programs that support
environmental technology innovation. The Agency will monitor selected technological innovations
as they move through the regulatory approval process to better understand and reduce the regulatory
barriers to acceptance. EPA will also begin work in designing pilot projects at the federal, state,
and local levels that can serve to assess and demonstrate new approaches to technology
development, evaluation and acceptance.
Finally, ETI will fund the development and dissemination of improved information on the
environmental technology industry. This information will better characterize me technical, financial
and business assistance needs of the environmental technology and service industry.
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Management Plan
In FY 1994, EPA has selected 73 ETI projects. The Agency has already been working in a
number of the project areas identified in the four chapters that follow. EPA has also been actively
reaching out to other federal agencies to identify potential partners for each project. The Agency is
interested in coalescing public and private interests around these project areas to further the
development, commercialization, and use of technologies. To that end, EPA invites other Federal
agencies, and other public and private institutions to contact the appropriate project managers
identified in the following chapters to discuss possible partnership arrangements. EPA is seeking
true partnerships in which all parties involved provide intellectual and financial support to a
mutually agreed upon goal. EPA is not seeking, nor will it entertain, purely contractual
relationships under this initiative.
In the chapters that follow, specific project areas are identified and numbered sequentially.
The names and phone numbers of the EPA project managers are identified. To get further
information on specific projects, please contact the appropriate project manager directly.
Copies of the U.S. EPA Environmental Technology Initiative: FY 1994 Program Plan
(EPA/542/K-93/003) and the U.S. EPA Technology Innovation Strategy (EPA/542/K-93/002) may
be obtained by contacting the U.S. General Printing Office. Orders may be placed by calling
(202) 783-3238. The documents may also be ordered by faxing a request to (202) 512-2250.
Finally, mail requests should be directed to: Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15250-7954. Please identify the titles when requesting documents.
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CHAPTER I
ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESTORATION TECHNOLOGIES
PURPOSE
The Environmental and Restoration Technologies theme supports the development and
commercialization of technologies that fill critical environmental needs. Resources for pr ojects
under this theme are directed toward developing, testing, evaluating and bringing to the _
Ittketplace, technologies that address technical problems that inhibit the Agency s ability to
implement its programs.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
The following criteria guided the selection of projects under this theme:
• proposals must address the most critical needs of individual EPA programs and cross-cutting
programs; and
. funding will be allocated among the projects that have the greatest prospect for important
technological breakthroughs. ;
PROGRAM PLAN
The EPA will implement projects in three principal areas: monitoring, pollution Prevention
and technology development for control and remediation. While the primary purpose of the selected
S^tS^nce technical solutions to specific environmental problem,, toy also represen an
opportunity for EPA to assess and enhance the technical merits of the proposed, innovation and to
evaluate institutional obstacles and market opportunities. Barriers to rapid evolution and
commercial proliferation of needed technologies, both prior to EPA's assistance (e.g. , inability of a
• °* °r
ermit variance) can prevent market access to critical technologies. Similarly, the lack of
information about market opportunities/inhibits technologies from moving forward. The
dTetopment and analysis o? specific technical, financial, procedural and regulatory examples will be
extremely valuable in identifying obstacles to successful innovation.
Thus for each project outlined in this section, a Barrier and Implementation Evaluation
Report will to developed. These reports will include analyses of: private sector efforts to develop
fcTtechllogy (with the objectives of understanding barriers that have precluded or slowed
^pTn?Ldidentifymg private sector partners for joint ?~^'. t**^^*1**
likelv to be faced in the process of full scale commercialization; potential markets for the
and economic benefits of broad commercialization. A central analytical
Office of Research and Development will be established to conduct these
studies.
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A. Monitoring
''
'•
K^r* fA*-- f ' characterization technologies. DOE will be a Tep^TerXativeon the
^KS^^JS^^ ^ ^ CharaCt~ ^ofogy.
3. Demonstration/Evaluation of Innovative Monitoring Techniques - accelerates current
efforts to demonstrate and evaluate open-path and stack emission (extractiveT
technologies significantly aiding their commercialization. These technologies wi]
implementation of Title I and Title III of the Clean Air Act Amendments S
by improving the capability to monitor hazardous air pollutants and volatile organic
compounds. Tom Logan (919) 541-2580 ^gami,
B. Pollution Prevention
problem areas: plastics, metal plating, solvent replacement"and emissions reduction
Plastics
4.
Plastics Recycling by Depolymerization/Repolymerization - focuses on finding thermal and
catalytic methods for breaking individual condensation and free radical
xsofv > ownaar
mixtures of polymers. The project's ultimate goal is to develop an improved method for
"
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Metal Plating
5 Cleaner Processes in Plating and Metal Finishing - includes developmental research
funding for at least two problem areas and from four to six demonstrations of cleaner
technologies for electroplating arid metal finishing operations.
Teressa Harten (513) 569-7565.
A Metal Plating and Coating - provides manufacturers and suppliers using metal plating
* pl^stl^formation on c'leaner alternatives to current practices Although^ .project
focuses on the Midwest region, the results from the project are expected to be similar to,
and applicable to other regions. Brian Sweeney (202) 260-0720.
7 Advanced Adsorption Technologies - develops and pilots through tife commercialization
ftagfseveral advanced adsorption technologies that are radical improvements to existing
technologies. These advanced technologies include: an improved polymeric ion exchange
membrane developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Admmistration ^(NASA) for
metals adsorption; improved metal-adsorbent materials developed by the U.S. Bureau ot
Mines; and a low-cost, extremely high capacity adsorbent for low contaminant
concentrations in mixed waste streams. Teressa Harten (513)
Replacement
8 Pollution Prevention-Based Materials Cleaning/Decontamination - develops and
demonstrates new alternative surface cleaning technologies for use in advanced
manufacturing operations and service industries, such as commercial cleaning and bui ding
Contamination, to replace cleaning systems based on hazardous chemicals and/or volatile
solvents. John Burckle (513) 569-7506.
9 Supercritical CO2 as a Replacement Solvent - produces a solvent-free alternative ^
tectaology for metal deceasing operations and compares ^ environmental nsk of the new
process with established degreasing processes. Paul Anastas (202) 2oO-//3/.
10 Enhancing Market Penetration of Water-Borne and Other Low-Solvent Consumer/
Commercial Adhesives - involves the identification of the key technical and institutional
£S "otte 1 of new adhesive technologies by EPA's Air and Energy Engmeermg
Research Laboratory (AEERL). The project includes pinpointing research and development
needs; directing key product and applications R&D, in cooperation with industry and
academia; and demonstrating successfully developed processes and products.
Michael Kosusko (919) 541-2734.
Clean Car Program
11 Clean Car Technology Demonstration - demonstrates, in cooperation with the domestic
' automobile manufacturers, dramatically improved passenger car and light truck fuel
economy available through an integrated systems approach to engine and vehicle design.
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*n i« ™ • • ~™ "" are now available and some anticipated in the near
*u u' t 2 enussions- T116 most far-reaching concept is a unique hybrid approach
Aat has the potential to triple fuel economy while maiLining^ehicle perforce aS
safety This project will complement ongoing work at other federal laboratories. This work
will also support the President's goals for the automobile industry, i.e., to produce cars tiia?
restore the industry's technological leadership; are as safe and ^rform as weH as Jay's
cars, cost ™ more to drive; produce little or no pollution; and stabilize greenhouse
emissions at 1990 levels. Charles Gray (313) 668-4404.
C. Hardware/Technology
related SSS£!*
Control-Related TechnnlngiVc
*"' *° *" gr°UpS:
*> **«**- and remediation-
12.
13.
14.
IS.
16.
Develop/Evaluate Innovative Sub-Systems for Thermal Treatment - involves research and
Z; h PPAC.°mP T mS/evaluation of inn°vative thermal treatment technologies
through EPA s permitted and operational research facility. Robert Thurnau (513) 569-7692.
EP
EPA
p 7 lnng Mer reatmmt S^au ~ I""*" the
Engineenng Laboratory's (RREL) evaluation of the combination of
wate-' T^f ^ (NF)' and revefse °Smosis I*0) memb^es forTreating
waters containing a mixture of microorganisms, particulates, pesticides and organics and
inorganic chemicals. Jeffrey Adams (513) 569-7835. organics, and
Destruction of Organic Pollutants in Water and Air by Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis
- supports continuation of RREL's investigation of an advanced oxidation process
for the destruction (decomposition) of organic pollutants in water and air streams. The
f^nn? Je
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Remediation-Related Technologies
17. Remediation Technologies Development Forum — involves the collaboration of EPA,
DOE, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), and several private companies to design,
develop, and demonstrate innovative remediation technologies. This project uses federal
facility sites for full scale demonstrations. Subhas Sikdar (513) 569-7528.
18. Reductive Techniques To Manage Metals in Solid and Hazardous Wastes — involves a
critical review of the state-of-the-art techniques for reducing various types of metallic ores to
base metals for use in commerce. The objective is to determine if these techniques have
been or could be employed economically in the management of metals-containing solid and
hazardous wastes. Jonathan Herrmann (513) 569-7839.
19. Supercritical CO2 Extraction Technology for Pollution Prevention and Waste Treatment
— expands support, through RREL, for a university-based study to develop a supercritical
CO2 system for metals extraction and similar projects. The objective is to insure a thorough
investigation of the technology with possible scale-up for commercial use. The project
includes development and demonstration of new supercritical CO2 extraction manufacturing
applications. The goal is to increase pollution prevention opportunities by eliminating the
use of a more hazardous extracting solvent or by substituting for a pirocess that produces a
waste stream. Teressa Harten (513) 569-7565.
20. Promotion of Soil Washing as an Alternative Remedial Technology — assembles and
repackages the quantitative bench-scale and pilot-scale treatability test results from EPA,
DOD, DOE, and others. The project also involves conducting additional experiments
selected by modern statistical methods. The objective is to provide comprehensive,
quantitative data that officials can compare with risk-based target residual concentrations.
The project is expected to help position U.S. companies to compete effectively in the new
market and to assist Federal agencies that are potentially major users of soil washing to
evaluate the technology and to use it properly. Richard Griffiths (908) 321-6625.
21. Develop/Evaluate Innovative Thermal Treatment Systems — involves the Office of
Research and Development (ORD) working with industry and other Federal agencies to
develop and test innovative technologies and to develop a method to evaluate the
performance of these technologies through ORD research facilities.
Robert Thurnau (513) 569-7692.
22. Joule Heating for Remediation of a DNAPL Source in Stratified Unconsolidated
Sediments To Prevent Pollution in Currently Uncontaminated Water and Subsurface
Environments — consists of laboratory and field studies to evaluate the feasibility of using
joule (resistive) heating to selectively heat parts of an aquifer that have low hydraulic
conductivity to force volatile dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) to regions of high
hydraulic conductivity. The project will also evaluate the feasibility of combining joule
heating with other technologies, such as soil vacuum extraction, to remove volatilized
DNAPLs. The objective is to provide a cost-effective technology for remediation of
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ground-water contamination in fine textured soils in inaccessible subsurface environments
and capitalize on the more expensive European experience with the application of
electrochemical technology to geotechnical problems. Carl Enfield (405) 436-8530.
23. Engineering Scale-up and Demonstration of Chemical Dechlorination by the Base-
Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) Process — designs and constructs a flexible, continuous
pilot-scale technology capable of handling all commonly encountered chlorinated soil
contaminants. The pilot system would be operated on a number of soils contaminated with
PCBs, pentachlorophenol, and chlorinated insecticides and herbicides. The project includes
documenting performance of the BCD process to satisfy potential users of its effectiveness.
Carl Brunner (513) 569-7655.
24. Remediation of Sediments — develops, through the Office of Water (OW), innovative
technologies to clean up contaminated sediments that pose ecological and human health
risks. The developmental work would be designed to incorporate technical assistance to
foster the use and potential export of U.S. technology. The project includes: use of OW's
public-private partnership to develop remedial techniques, scale up and field testing of
promising bench-scale techniques, and networking with the Netherlands, Japan, and other
foreign countries to use the techniques developed to remediate contaminated sediments.
Dennis Timberlake (513) 569-7547.
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CHAPTER n
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY USE BY SMALL BUSINESS
PURPOSE
The Clean Technology Use by Small Business theme increases coordination in the EPA-led
national pollution prevention program by assisting small U.S. businesses to achieve their regulatory
compliance and competitiveness objectives through the use of pollution prevention. Resources in
this portion of the Environmental Technology Initiative are directed toward: (1) identifying high
priority industry segments for targeted assistance; (2) assisting small- and mid-sized businesses
understand, identify, and use short-term pollution prevention opportunities; and, (3) catalyzing
public/private partnerships to develop a new generation of cleaner industrial technologies. Primary
benefits of this initiative include improvement in the competitiveness, efficiency, and environmental
progress of these businesses.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
Two principles guided the selection of projects for this theme area:
• EPA should lead by "steering" more than "rowing" in the planning, development,
commercialization, and diffusion of technology; and
• EPA should, in addressing the barriers to small business achievement of cleaner technology,
emphasize approaches that increase partnering, collaboration, and leveraging.
PROGRAM PLAN
The selected projects under this theme fall into three major categories: technical assistance;
joint research with industry; and catalyzing industrial design of safer chemicals, products, materials,
processes, and systems. |
A. Technical Assistance :
Three types of technical assistance efforts are supported that increase EPA's overall ability
to contribute to the diffusion of pollution prevention technologies to small business. These are: (1)
capacity building (i.e., expanding the capacity of existing organizations that can effectively deliver
pollution prevention technical information), (2) development of technical assistance tools, and (3)
geographically focused technical assistance.
Capacity Building
Projects in this sub-category will enable EPA to enhance the capacity of existing or newly
created Federal, state and local, and private sector diffusion agents to serve the potential users of
pollution prevention technologies. These projects are designed to make EPA a better partner in the
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diffusion process for pollution prevention and, along with projects in the third sub-category, to help
identify the best ways to deliver pollution prevention technical information to small businesses.
25. Small Business Pollution Prevention Support — explores and tests the capabilities of the
SBA Small Business Development Center (SBDC) network and other SBA resources in
several states to serve as delivery vehicles for pollution prevention information to small
businesses, and to provide technical and financial planning assistance services.
Paul Shapiro (202) 260-4969.
26. Leadership Grants to CAAA State Small Business Centers — establishes a "Leadership
State Grant Program," which provides incentive grants to 7-10 state small business
assistance programs created under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA). The
objective is to assist in the development of model programs that could demonstrate to other
states effective ways of providing small businesses technical assistance that incorporates both
pollution prevention and a multi-media focus. Deborah Elmore (919) 541-5437.
27. Control Technology Center Pollution Prevention Program — provides additional funding to
EPA's Control Technology Center (CTC) to improve its capability to provide pollution
prevention technical assistance to state small business assistance centers created under the
CAAA. Charles Darvin (919) 541-7633.
28. Grant to the National Roundtable of State Pollution Prevention Programs — provides a
grant to the National Roundtable, an association of state and local pollution prevention
technical assistance programs, to build the capabilities of state small business assistance
centers to provide pollution prevention assistance to their small business clients.
Lena Hann (202) 260-2237.
Development of Technical Assistance Tools
Programs in this sub-category build on existing EPA research to develop, field test, and
integrate the use of decision-making and analytic tools, e.g., the Facility Pollution Prevention
Guide, the Life Cycle Analysis Inventory Guidelines, the Chemical Use Cluster Scoring System,
and the Cleaner Technology Substitute Assessment - and developing methods for disseminating
information to interested small businesses.
29. Tool Development and Integration — expands the development of engineering diagnostic
pollution prevention tools that will allow small businesses to identify, analyze, and
implement source reduction options. A series of clean production guides for several
industries (e.g., printing, plastics, chemicals) will be undertaken. Computer software and
videos will also be investigated as supplemental material for training seminars. I
James Bridges (513) 569-7837.
30. Workshops, Manuals, Training, Etc. — focuses on developing and distributing through
other agencies' delivery mechanisms to small business, targeted technical assistance
information such as manufacturing assessment protocols, financial assistance handbooks, and
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other support materials that promote the concept of pollution prevention and provide
guidance on its implementation. Harold Williams (513) 569-7361. ;
Geographically Focused Technical Assistance
Projects in this sub-category will demonstrate the effectiveness of geojjraphically focused
technical assistance programs for expanding the use of pollution prevention technologies. These
projects will help EPA identify the best ways to deliver pollution prevention technical information to
small businesses.
31. Colorado Partnership — replicates in other states the Colorado Pollution Prevention
Partnership, which is comprised of government, business, and public Interest groups. This
partnership was designed to develop and promote pollution prevention and waste
minimization in Colorado industries, but is applicable to other states. The project focuses
on gathering the pollution prevention expertise of large businesses in a state and applying it
to small businesses in that state. Jonathan Herrmann (513) 569-7839.
32. MERIT (Metal Finishing in So. Col.) — facilitates the transfer of existing and proven
pollution prevention technology from larger metal finishing firms to smaller businesses. The
project involves the sharing of pollution prevention technologies, developed for a large
aerospace firm and validated through years of testing, through the Mutual Effort to Reduce
Industrial Toxics (MERIT) Partnership for southwest Los Angeles County (California).
EPA will be working in partnership with the National Association of Small Business
Development Centers and the Metal Finishers Association of Southern California. The
project provides funds to small businesses to support their use of these pollution prevention
technologies. Payback agreements will create a revolving fund for additional projects.
Roger Wilmoth (513) 569-7509.
B. Joint Research with Industry
: !
Projects in this category enable EPA to convene and provide financial and technical support
to public-private partnerships that identify and develop pollution prevention technology opportunities
for industries dominated by small businesses. Eight industry-specific Design for the Environment
(DfE) projects are supported in FY 1994. A goal of 1:1 leveraging is established for the total of
joint research supported in this area.
Dry Cleaning
33. OPPT/DfE Dry Cleaning Project — involves working cooperatively with industry and
public stakeholders (e.g., International Fabricare Institute, Neighborhood Cleaners
Association, Greenpeace, Occupational Health Foundation) to reduce environmental and
human health risk from exposure to perchloroethylene (PCE). It evaluates the comparative
risk and technological feasibility of alternative exposure controls for solvent-based dry
cleaning and alternative cleaning methods that do not use PCE. The project also develops
outreach mechanisms to small businesses to communicate the results of technical work. The
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project includes development of incentives to implement environmentally improved options.
Chad Jehassi (202) 260-6911.
34. Testing and Development Program for Emerging Options to Dry Cleaning — involves
AAERL working with OPPTS to identify emerging technologies upon which proof of
concept testing can be performed. Plans call for technologies that pass this "proof of
concept" testing to be further developed, and hopefully brought to commercialization, in
cooperation with equipment manufacturers and trade organizations.
Janet Ondricek (919) 541-4765.
Printing
55. OPPT/DfE Printing Project — involves working cooperatively with industry and public
stakeholders (e.g., Flexible Packaging Association, Flexographic Technical Association,
National Association of Printers and Lithographers, Graphic Arts Technical Foundation,
Screen Printing Association International, NIST/MTC's, Pollution Prevention Centers,
EOF/Council of Great Lakes Governors Great Printing Project) to reduce environmental and
human health risk from exposure to chemicals used in printing. The project includes
completion of a Cleaner Technology Substitute Assessment (CTSA) of flexographic inks, a
flexographic case study, and development of outreach mechanisms to communicate the
results of technical work to the lithography, screen printing, and flexography sectors of
printing industry. Stephanie Bergman (202) 260-1821.
Printed Wiring Boards
i
36. OPPT/DfE Printed Wiring Boards Project — involves working cooperatively with U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) National Laboratories, industry and public stakeholders (e.g.,
Sandia National Laboratory, Dupont, IBM) to reduce environmental and human health risk
from exposure to chemicals used in the manufacture of printed wiring boards. The project
develops tools (software or spread sheets) that allow industry to evaluate current and
alternative practices; develops outreach products including case studies, magazine articles,
and interim project information; develops outreach mechanisms to communicate the results
of technical work to small businesses in the industry; and develops incentives for
implementing environmentally improved options. Jean (Libby) Parker (202) 260-1678.
Metal Plating and Coating
37. OPPT/DJE Metal Plating and Coating Project — involves working cooperatively with the
DOE National Laboratories, the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC)/National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), industry and public stakeholders (e.g., Northeast
Midwest Institute, Precision Metal Forming Association, National Association of Metal
Finishers) to reduce environmental and human health risk from exposure to chemicals used
in the metal plating and coating processes. The project includes completion of a Use
Cluster Profile and a CTSA, development of a manufacturing/energy/environmental audit
tool for use by industry, and development of outreach mechanisms to communicate the
10
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F
results of technical work to small businesses in the industry. The project also includes
evaluating and validating the utility of existing multi-media pollution prevention assessment
and energy assessment protocols and identifying and demonstrating advanced environmental
technologies with applications to small businesses. This project is expected to provide a
model for other Manufacturing Technology Centers. Brian Sweeney (202) 260-0720.
38. Metalforming Project — involves cooperative research and development efforts with other
government agencies and industry partners to develop and demonstrate technological
improvements — including better process control to improve efficiency of chemical use
while reducing waste and substitution of bath chemistries based on toxics such as chlorinate
solvents, cyanides and cadmium with "cleaner" alternatives — and technologies that are
functionally equivalent substitutes for the Cr+6-based conversion process.
John Burckle (513) 569-7506.
Metal Degreasing
i
39. OPPT/DfE Metal Degreasing Project — involves working cooperatively with the DOE
National Laboratories, government agencies, industry and public stakeholders (e.g., IBM,
Hughes Aircraft, Honeywell, Boeing, Autoclav Engineers, National Forge) to reduce
environmental and human health risk from exposure to chemicals used in degreasing
operations in small business. Partnership with the U.S. Air Force and the aerospace
industry to ensure environmental considerations are built into the "Clean Aircraft Initiative."
Additionally, EPA will partner with Los Alamos and the NSF to evaluate substitutes for
solvents, especially supercritical CO2. Finally, the project will include a partnership with
the Department of Commerce Manufacturing Technology Centers to (develop outreach
products and a communications network for disseminating to small businesses the results of
the technical work. Jean (Libby) Parker (202) 260-1678.
Solvents ,
40. SAGE Version 3, System Facility Design and Cost Upgrade — updates the ORD Solvents
Alternative Guide (SAGE) software system, proven a major success in identifying viable
alternative solvent substitution options for industrial users, to include a capability to produce
process flow diagrams and projected costs for the options selected by the user. Plans call
for soliciting technology vendors to develop cost algorithms for cleaning and associated
equipment. Other possible collaborators include the National Center for Manufacturing
Sciences and OAQPS and OPPTS. Charles Darvin (919) 541-7633.
41. Application Engineering and Process Modification Program — involves working with
industry technical organizations to identify, demonstrate, and evaluate innovative non-
polluting manufacturing processes and concepts for reduction of VOC and toxic emissions in
industries, such as painting, that have many small businesses. Plans call for soliciting
organizations to provide technical support, host sites, and assistance in selecting and
evaluating candidate technologies and for developing process manuals! for each of the
processes evaluated. Charles Darvin (919) 541-7633.
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Coatings
42. Zero-VOC/Zero-HAP 2-Component Epoxy Coating System Development and Subsequent
Demonstration on a Fast, Low/Medium Price Point Wood Furniture Finishing Line —
provides a substitute for the nitrocellulose resin-based coating system (averaging 6 Ib
VOC/gal and 3 Ib HAP/gal) used to finish most wood furniture and the water-based coating
systems currently in development, many of which use ethylene glycol ethers that are more
toxic than most of the solvents used with nitrocellulose resins. The 2-component epoxy top
coat developed under joint EPA/SCAQMD sponsorship contains no VOC and: no HAP.
Plans call for funding the project through the Center for Emissions Research and Analysis
and involving a small coatings manufacturer, The Adhesives Company, and a small furniture
manufacturer. Preliminary testing before pre-production, if required, would be done at
Southern California Edison's Customer Technology Application Center coating evaluation
laboratory. Robert McCrillis (919) 541-2733.
43. Accelerated Development and Market Penetration of Very Low VOC Wood Furniture
Coatings — builds on a SCAQMD/Southern California Edison (SCE) project that solicited
coating samples from across the country and applied them to wood coupons in SCE's
Customer Technology Application Center paint spray laboratory. SCE evaluated more than
75 coatings. This project follows up with the coating suppliers and determines the
development and use status of the coatings. Plans call for selecting the most promising 10
coatings, developing a strategy—including application at small wood furniture
manufacturers—to bring each one to marketability, and following selected products for
several years to determine customer satisfaction. Robert McCrillis (919) 541-2733.
44. Transfer and Use ofDoD Powder Coating Expertise in Civilian Applications — promotes
civilian applications of powder coating technology in segments of the industry, such as patio
furniture and garden tools, that are dominated by small businesses. Powder coating
produces a durable/hard surface without VOC and toxic air emissions and has been used
increasingly by the U.S. Navy. Plans call for reviewing, in conjunction with the Powder
Coating Institute, the Navy experience and for establishing cooperative efforts, with DoD
and private sector organizations, to carry out several applications using thermoset and
thermoplastic materials. Janet Ondricek (919) 541-4765.
45. Applied Innovative Coatings Research Center — seeks industry, university, and Federal
agency participation to complete field trials of coatings that contain reactive diluents, such as
vernonia oil, and to investigate ways to reduce the toxicity of water-borne formulations
through reformulation. Coatings are the source of 18% of total stationary area source VOC
and a significant percentage of air toxic emissions. The results of this project are expected
to be applicable to the surface coating MACT standard and residual risk determinations.
Michael Kosusko (919) 541-2734.
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C. Catalyze the Design of Safer Chemicals, Processes, Etc.
In addition to providing direct financial support for technology development and
commercialization, EPA can provide information, skills, tools, facilities, and incentives that increase
the chances for success by technology developers, or that accelerate their work. Two types of
projects are supported that increase EPA's ability to catalyze technology development and
commercialization funded by others. These are: (a) capacity building and (b) economic mcentives.
Capacity Building
Projects in this sub-category will enable EPA to enhance the capacity of technology
developers to succeed in their technology development, commercialization, and use efforts through
such means as the provision of technical and other types of support to developers and the
development of standardized protocols and methods for technology performance testing.
46. National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) - focuses on building the
government-supported capacity (at one or more NIST centers) to speed the development and
commercialization of pollution prevention technologies for small business-dominated
industries and on enhancing the adoption of the technologies through more effective
diffusion programs. Plans call for NIST to provide scientific and engineering expertise,
performance and cost evaluation design, market assessment, business plan development, and
testing and evaluation locations. The overall objective of this project is to demonstrate
appropriate techniques for bringing technology and technical assistance to small- and mid-
sized companies through the existing and proposed NIST Manufacturing Extension Centers.
No direct funding of technology development or commercialization is provided in this
project. Roger Wilmoth (513) 569-7509.
47. Pollution Prevention Data Comparability — assures, through an EPA-led multi-agency
effort, mutually acceptable data quality, data comparability, and data transferability on
pollution prevention technologies and techniques for small businesses. Credibility and
comparability of data describing technology performance is essential for regulatory
acceptance. The project is expected to produce sets of general and specific procedures for
conducting, analyzing, and reporting elements of Federally sponsored, environment-related
technology R&D and commercialization programs. Bruce Hollett (513) 569-7654.
48. Prototype Eco-Industrial Park — involves a multi-agency effort to design and develop an
environmentally sound industrial park, with the cooperation and participation of private
industry in the U.S./Mexico border area. This project is expected to demonstrate
sustainable development in practical, economically-grounded terms and to result in industrial
parks designed to coexist healthfully with local ecosystems, regional economies, and the
global biosphere. (Additional funding is provided under the U.S. TIES program plan. See
Chapter III, Project 52.) Lea Swanson (202) 260-5276.
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Economic Incentives
49.
Encouraging Innovative Environmental Technologies Through the Use of Regulatory
Flexibility — improves the climate for technological innovation by demonstrating the
feasibility and benefits of innovative approaches such as economic incentives. The project
seeks a specific application to identify and facilitate the adoption and use of innovative
environmental technology by introducing regulatory flexibility
Peter Nagelhout (202) 260-7015.
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CHAPTER ffl
U.S. TECHNOLOGY
FOR
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS (U.S. TIES)
PURPOSE
The U.S. Technology for International Environmental Solutions (U.S. TIES) initiative
promotes the application of U.S. technologies and expertise in solving international environmental
problems and in enhancing U.S. competitiveness hi the global marketplace. E.ecognizing the
important role of environmental regulations and institutions in creating the demand for
environmental technologies, the initiative focuses on international technical assistance, training, and
other capacity-building programs. On the supply side, it is expected to result in an improved
understanding and application of U.S. technologies for environmental needs overseas. Primary
benefits of the U.S. TIES program include reduction of trans-boundary and global environmental
issues affecting the United States. The initiative is expected to result in the development of lower
cost and more effective technologies for use in the United States as U.S. technology developers gam
valuable experience in applying their technologies overseas. This portion of the ETI is related also
to the inter-agency export promotion initiative documented in Environmental Technology Exports:
Strategic Framework for U.S. Leadership.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
The following seven general principles guided the selection of projects for this program:
• EPA's mission is to protect the environment;
• EPA must safeguard its international credibility and reputation for objectivity;
• EPA's technology promotion activities must not exceed EPA's statutory authority;
• the program should be more than the sum total of projects;
• a successful and sustainable program will require both long-term vision and short-term
results;
• EPA and other Federal government action should not displace private sector initiative or
resources; and
• the term "environmental technologies" should be broadly defined.
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PROGRAM PLAN
Focusing on "technology push" and "market pull," the FY 1994 program plan for the U.S.
TIES theme includes a mix of projects that combines concrete results in the short term with a longer
term perspective. Undertaken in strict accordance with EPA's statutory mandates and mission,
specific projects are designed to:
• assess international markets and needs; ;
• evaluate the ability of U.S. technologies to meet these needs;
• generate and disseminate credible information on the performance and costs of relevant U.S.
environmental technologies and expertise;
• provide technical assistance and training on both longer-term and project-specific bases;
• overcome financial and other barriers to the international adoption and use of renewable
energy, energy efficient, and other reduced emission technologies;
• demonstrate the performance of U.S. technologies abroad; and
• promote greater participation of the U.S. public and private sectors in the international
development of both regulatory and voluntary standards, thereby helping to "level the
playing field" for the U.S. environmental industry.
The program plan also includes funding to establish the feasibility of a U.S.-based technical
assistance center or other public-private arrangement to promote integration among these diverse
activities. It also enlists the direct participation of the U.S. private sector in implementing the
initiative.
A.
50.
Technical Assistance Center
Feasibility Study for Technical Assistance Center - develops a conceptual framework for
enlisting the direct participation of the U.S. private sector hi implementing the U.S. TIES
initiative. Specifically, the study would determine the feasibility of a technical assistance
center or other public-private arrangement for facilitating the inter-action between U.S.
governmental and private sector parties in conducting technical assistance and training,
information dissemination, technology demonstrations, and other U.S. TIES activities.
Based on a preliminary fact-finding and assessment phase, the study would develop specific
options related to: (a) mandate and scope of activities, (b) legal framework, (c)
governance/organization, (d) interaction with other public and private organizations, and (e)
interface with foreign governments, industries, and other potential clients. The feasibility
study will set the stage for the actual establishment or piloting of one or more centers in
later years. Jamison Koehler (202) 260-4894.
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B.
51.
52.
C.
53.
D.
54.
Technical Assistance and Training
V.S. Environmental Training Institute - focuses on expanding the proven and highly
effective U.S. Environmental Training Institute, a joint effort between the U.S.
environmental industry and the U.S. government. It provides, to qualified public and
private sector officials from developing countries, specific training causes that focus on
priority environmental issues that use U.S. technology for solutions. The training would be
designed to incorporate technical assistance and follow-up activities to foster the exposure
and potential export of U.S. environmental goods and services.
Mark Kasman (202) 260-0424.
Prototype Eco-Industrial Park - involves a multi-agency effort to design and develop an
environmentally sound industrial park, with the cooperation and participation of private
industry in the U.S./Mexico border area. The project offers a unique opportunity to
demonstrate the practical application of the concepts of sustainable development. (Additional
funding is provided under the Clean Technology Use by Small Business program plan. See
Chapter II, Project 48). Lea Swanson (202) 260-5276.
In-Country Demonstrations
In-Country Demonstrations of U.S. Environmental Technologies - demonstrates U.S.
industrial pollution control and prevention technology in target countries. Emphasis is on
countries identified in the interagency export strategy document and countries where the
U S has existing assistance efforts, such as Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Mexico.
EPA will work with other countries and non-profit groups to identify opportunities and
technologies for demonstration; and develop cooperative programs with other agencies such
as the Agency for International Development (AID) and the U.S. Trade and Development
Agency (TDA) to assist in conducting the demonstrations. Demonstrations will be
coordinated with the Export-Import Bank and the Overseas Private Investment Corporation
(OPIC) to provide potential export financing for the technologies, as well as investment
insurance and investor services. Richard Stern (919) 541-2973.
Pre-Feasibility and Feasibility Studies
Environmental Feasibility Study- provides support to the International Fund for
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (IFREE) for projects that reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and air pollutants. IFREE is a two-year-old group operated with support from
EPA, AID, and DOE. With a pipeline of about 80 projects, IFREE could begin developing
potential projects for U.S. TIES funding immediately. Michael Adler (202) 260-9013.
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E. Information Generation and Dissemination
55. Packaging and Dissemination of Information on U.S. Technologies - focuses on
producing international workshops, technology monographs, and handbooks for worldwide
distribution/dissemination to highlight U.S. technologies and services that have inhered
advantages over conventional approaches to solve major environmental problems EPA will
work with major international organizations (e.g., the International Solid Waste and Public
Cleansing Association, the World Bank, the United Nations Environment Program, and ie
World Heath Organization) to identify areas of need and agreeable host countries This
activity will be coordinated with in-country demonstrations where possible and priority given
to countries targeted in Environmental Technologies Exports: Strategic Framework for U.S.
Leadership. Michael Moore (202) 260-7671.
F. Market and Needs Assessments
56.
57.
58.
International Market and Needs Assessment - surveys the universe of international
r V**^?**®* °™ ** ** f^ years, on . country by country basis,
LT ?*? r^ T^ Varfety °f SOUrCeS' The Pr°J'ect the° « the validity
data and seeks to fill information gaps as necessary. The survey of existing
TmS T^ t0 deteumine mtemational P^* **ting decisions that already
have been made, as well as country by country funding capabilities and needs
Mark Kasman (202) 260-0424.
National/International Technology Characterization - will determine, to the extent found in
existing literature, the technical capabilities and costs of the existing universe of technologies
capable of addressing environmental problems in the following areas: (a) air pollution
control (including monitoring); (b) drinking water and wastewater treatment systems; and (c)
pollution prevention technologies. This assessment will survey technologies across all
fh '"I if fectiveness' ft wil1 ide*ify ^a gaps for those technologies
and identify areas
Characterization of U.S. Envirotech Industry - carried out in conjunction with project #65
this project will collect and analyze data on the U.S. envirotech industry and identify
segments of the industry that possess the greatest potential for export development and
economic growth This will enable EPA to generate a composite baseline statistical sketch
of the existing industry in the United States and to assess trends in the industry fundamental
Seeun?vertgnf ST? ^ ^ ""*" **** "^ "* ^^^ Better understanding
tiie universe of the US. industry will also help to ensure their involvement in development
of a national agenda for change, and will allow a better understanding of the barriers
affecting innovation and what is needed to overcome them. Scott Bidner (202) 260-2087
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G. Technology Evaluation and Testing
59. Technology Evaluation and Testing: Plans, Priorities, and Protocols — plans and scopes
an evaluation and testing program and develops initial testing protocols. The project
includes evaluating alternative approaches and scopes—from a protocols-only effort to a
broader program in which EPA establishes a testing program in cooperation with
professional societies, universities, or non-profit organizations. The project is designed to
establish initial testing protocols that would be applicable under a program of any scope.
Attention will be directed to distinctions between performance documentation needs for
foreign versus U.S. markets. Stephen James (513) 569-7877.
H. International Standards Development
60. International Standards Development Project - involves keeping U.S. industry informed
about international environmental regulations and non-regulatory international environmental
standards. The latter focuses particularly on documents developed through the International
Standards Organization (ISO) as they are to be adopted preferentially under international
trade agreements such as GATT and NAFTA. The project will seek to clarify differences
and, where possible, minimize inconsistencies between U.S. environmental regulatory and
non-regulatory standards and those of European, Asian, South American and other trading
partners. The project will identify and evaluate environmental regulations from five key
U.S. international trading partners so that U.S. industry knows where competitive
environmental opportunities exist. The project includes participation in the national and
international non-regulatory standards systems to advance EPA goals and principles that
promote sustainable development and pollution prevention. Mary McKIel (202) 260-3584.
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20
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CHAPTER IV
GAPS, BARRIERS, AND INCENTIVES
PURPOSE
The Gaps, Barriers, and Incentives theme is designed to provide the public and private
sectors with an analysis of the environmental technology development gaps hi order to stimulate
technology innovation where it is most needed and to create a national climate supportive to
innovation. Resources for the Gaps Analysis portion of this program will be used to identify
existing gaps analyses and to promote their use to stimulate development of technology needed to
address important environmental problems. Resources will be used also to provide a framework for
future conduct and use of gaps analyses. Resources in the Barriers and Incentives portion of this
program will be used to create a national climate for innovation by aggressively seeking to remove
barriers to, and create incentives for, innovation while ensuring protection of public health and the
environment.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
The following principles guided the Subcommittee's selection of projects for the Gaps
portion of this initiative:
• EPA's efforts to establish a technology agenda for the nation must begin from the
perspective of the environmental problems it is charged to address—for example, ecosystem
protection (such as wetlands and estuaries)— and the identification and reduction of
unacceptable risks to public health and environment (such as those stemming from
exceedances of ambient air quality standards).
• The needs of those who use environmental technologies to identify and address
environmental problems is a very distinct perspective which must he addressed in any
technology agenda, such as gaps in technologies for waste treatmemt, reduction, or disposal
or in the measurement and detection of certain substances in the full range of environmental
conditions.
• To best capture needs for innovation and direct the challenge toward those who can make a
difference in the future in a manner which prevents pollution, any gap or needs analysis
should challenge industry from a multi-media, holistic perspective. Further, pollution
prevention opportunities are best addressed through a performance challenge to an entire
operation. [
The following principles guided the selection of projects for the Barriers and Incentives
portion of this initiative:
• The program plan must address the full range of barriers—regulatoiy, non-regulatory,
institutional, and financial.
21
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• EPA should concentrate funding on reducing or eliminating barriers related to EPA/state
environmental program activities.
• EPA should seek early and perceptible change in the climate for innovation.
• The program plan must address the full range of stakeholders—providers of environmental
technology (products and services), regulators, the regulated community, the financial
community, and the public.
PROGRAM PLAN
61. Identify National Gaps and Needs Priorities for Innovation in Environmental Technology -
involves a national effort to gather current information about environmental technology gaps
from various stakeholders' perspectives; convenes a major national Conference on Gaps and
Needs hi Environmental Technology; issues the first report articulating an agenda for
innovation in environmental technology based on information gathered, and discussions at
the Conference. The report will aim to stimulate investment and set priorities for public and
private sector investment to meet environmental technology needs. This effort will also
create criteria and useful models for performing future gap and needs analysis.
Donn Viviani (202) 260-2767 or Brendan Doyle (202) 260-2693.
62. Interagency Agenda for Ensuring a National Climate for Environmental Technology
Innovation, Diffusion and Commercialization - supports EPA's work with the Office of
Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and other agencies to coordinate Federal efforts to
identify barriers to innovative environmental technology and to develop a national agenda for
overcoming those barriers and creating a climate that fosters innovation in environmental
technologies. Al McGartland (202) 260-3354.
63. EPA Agenda for Creating A Regulatory Ctimate Conducive to Environmental Technology
Innovation and Commercialization - works with relevant stakeholders, both inside and
outside EPA, to identify regulatory barriers and incentives to innovative technology and to
develop an EPA agenda for enhancing the ability of environmental policies and programs to
foster innovation hi all aspects of environmental technology including: pollution prevention,
pollution control, remediation, monitoring, measurement, and the provision of environmental
services. Barry Elman (202) 260-2727.
64. NPDES Project on Regulatory Barriers and Incentives to Innovation - identifies barriers to
technology innovation within the NPDES program, evaluates initiatives to remove those
barriers and recommends additional incentives for innovation while ensuring protection of
public health and the environment. Jackie Romney (202) 260-9528.
65. Characterization of U.S. Environmental Technology Industry - in conjunction with project
#58, involves the collection and analysis of data and information about the U.S.
environmental technology industry for a number of purposes. First, this effort will allow
EPA to generate a composite baseline statistical sketch of the existing environmental
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66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
technology industry in the United States using Census and other information, and to assess
recent trends in the industry. Second, this information will help identify segments of the
industry that possess the greatest potential for export development and economic growth
Better understanding the universe of the U.S. industry will allow a more complete
understanding of the barriers affecting innovation and what is needed to overcome them
Jenny Weinberger (202) 260-4396 or Diane DeWitt (202) 260-9645.
Inclusion of Innovative Technology in EPA Enforcement Settlements - encourages the use
of innovative technologies in EPA settlements hi order to "leverage" the overall
environmental impact of individual enforcement actions. Funds will be used to support
evaluation of the environmental benefits and feasibility of projects proposed as means of
returning to compliance or supplemental environmental projects for consideration in penalty
mitigation. Peter Rosenberg (202) 260-8869.
Regional Project on Permitting Innovative Technologies - supports EPA and/or state permit
reviews for facilitating consideration of proposed use of innovative technologies in permits
required under existing media statutes and regulations. Funds will be used in selected cases
identified by the Regions and states, to support analysis of feasibility and environmental
impacts of the alternative proposals received from the regulated community as Regions and
States actively consider such permit applications. The visibility of this effort also will
enhance our understanding of the barriers and incentives to innovative environmental
technologies in our permitting processes. Ray Vogel (919) 541-3153.
Evaluation of Multi-Media Inspection Approaches - evaluates different approaches to multi-
media environmental inspections used by states and/or EPA to determine which, if any, are
most supportive of innovative technology. Becky Barclay (202) 260-7166.
Removing Barriers to Approval of New Monitoring Methods - assesses how EPA can
expedite review and approval of new monitoring methods and measurement techniques and
demonstrate the application of the approval process reforms to methods development
activities in EPA. Carol Finch (202) 260-9463.
Permit Process - Communication and Assessment of Opportunities - documents and
analyzes the permitting processes across all agency programs to support the use of
innovative technologies. First, this project will document and communicate the steps
involved in permitting processes to better inform the regulated community of the necessary
steps. Second, the project will analyze and describe ways EPA is proposing to make the
permitting processes more friendly to innovation (building on project #64)
Diane DeWitt (202) 260-9645 and Jenny Weinberger (202) 260-4396.
Implementation of Specific Barriers and Incentives Agenda Items by EPA Headquarters,
Regions or States - provides for early action on initiatives to improve the climate for
technology innovation. Barry Korb (202) 260-2689.
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72 Diffusion Strategies For Environmental Technology - assesses current approaches to diffuse
' information on environmental technologies and their performance, including clearinghouses,
report dissemination, conferences, training, symposia, and demonstrations; explores what
information about new technologies and approaches is needed by permit writers,
enforcement personnel, the users of environmental technology, and the public; and
determines how diffusion efforts may be improved. Richard Kashmanian (202) 260-5363.
73 Training on Accounting and Financial Principles for Business Decisions on Cleaner
' Technologies and Innovative Environmental Technologies (for Manufacturing Technology
Centers and Small Business Development Centers) - involves EPA jointly funding, with
partners in other federal and state agencies and accounting professional societies, the
development and test piloting of a training module on accounting and financial analysis
geared towards medium and small businesses. The module will help businesses overcome
barriers in their accounting and investment decision-making that bias decisions away from
innovative environmental technologies, particularly cleaner technologies. The module will
be developed by, and integrated into the outreach infrastructure of existing and newly
created technical assistance programs, such as Manufacturing Technology Centers, Small
Business Development Centers, and Pollution Prevention Technical Assistance Programs.
Marty Spitzer (202) 260-4342.
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Electronic Availability
This Program Plan is available in ASCtt format from a variety of electronic
sources, including:
M,$. EPA Public Access Gopher
Internet Access: Gopher to GOPHER.RTPNC.EPA.GOV
Directory: EPA Environmental Technology
Document; y.S, EPA Environmental Technology Initiative: FY f 994 Program
Plan " '
CLU-IN Cfean-up Information Bulletin Board
System Operator (301) 58&-336S
Modem Access; (301) 589-8366
(1 200, 2400, $600 faps - % data bits, 1 stop Wt. «o parity).
Filename: EPA-FY34.ET*
y.S. Department of Commerce Economic Bulletin Board |iBB>
User Hotltoe {202) 482-1986 {8:30 a.m.-4:3O p.m.)
Modem Acc«s*;(202) 482*3870 {300r 1200* 2400
Internet Access: tefnet to ebh.stat-usa.gov
EPA-FY94.ETt
SBA ONLINE
Modem Aceesss {800) 859-4636 {2400 baud); {800) 697-4636 {96tOO baud)
Local Access: {202) 205-726& {2400 baud); (202) 401-9600 {9600 bawd)
Filename; EPA-FY94,iTf
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Oder Procoooho Cote:
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ISBN 0-16-043088-7
90000
9 "780160" 430886'
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