ill
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READERS' COMMENTS
EPA is interested in readers' comments on the utility and value of this
report. We welcome recommendations of other topics that should be
included in future national reports. We are also interested in further
information on how state and local governments, public interest groups,
industries, and others are using TRI in their policies and activities, as is
described in Chapter 7 of this report. Please send your comments and
suggestions in writing to:
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Information Hotline
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency
OS-120
401 M Street, SW
Washington, D.C. 20460
Attention: NR Comments
Printed on Recycled Paper
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TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
NATIONAL AND LOCAL PERSPECTIVES
The 1989 Toxics Release Inventory National Report
A report on data collected under Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-KnowActof 1986.
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
Economics and Technology Division
Washington, DC 20460
September 1991
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This Report was Prepared by:
Hampshire Research Associates, Inc.
under Contract Numbers
68-DO-0165 and 68-D9-0169
COVER PHOTO BY: Daniel J. Kasztelan
(All photos in this report are courtesy of the individuals listed.)
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TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
CONTENTS
LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES
vlll
LIST OF TABLES
xil
MESSAGE FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR
xvll
PREFACE
xlx
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
1
__ _
OVERALL INCREASES AND DECREASES ........................ . ................ ....
ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS ....................... . ......... . ............ 2
CHEMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS [[[ 3
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS [[[ 3
INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS ................ ........................................ 5
TRI AND POLLUTION PREVENTION .............................................. . ................. . ............. . ............ ... .............. 5
THE 33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS [[[ . ......... . ................................ . ........... 6
TRI IN OTHER PROGRAMS AND POLICIES [[[ 7
THE TRI DATABASE ................ ... ........... . ............ . ..... .......... ..... . ............................ , ..... ; .................. !.!!!!!ZZ"g
CHAPTER 1. THE TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY: AN INTRODUTION __ 13
THE LAW [[[ . [[[ 14
WHO MUST REPORT TO TRI? ................................... . ................ . ......................... . ............................. l.Z". 15
WHICH TOXIC CHEMICALS WERE REPORTED FOR 1989? ........ ....... ......................................... !.ZZ"! 15
WHAT CONSTITUTES A TRI RELEASE OR TRANSFER? ........ . .......... . ................. . ...... .... ......... . ................ 16
WHAT TO REPORT? [[[ . ......... ..... ........................... ig
EPCRA, TRI AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ..... ........ . ...... . ....... . ............. . ..... . ............. ..!..."!"""!."!! 17
LIMITATIONS OF TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY REPORTING .................. . .......................................... 18
TRI Coverage of Toxic Chemical Releases and Transfers ..... . [[[ 18
-------
TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
CHAPTER 2. CHANGES T01987 AND 1988 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA
J!3
INTRODUCTION 23
TYPES OF CHANGES TO TRI DATA 23
CHANGES TO THE 1987 TRI DATA 25
HOW DELISTED CHEMICALS AFFECT CURRENT 1987 DATA 27
CHANGES TO THE 1988 TRI DATA 30
HOW DELISTED CHEMICALS AFFECT CURRENT 1988 DATA 35
THE CURRENT 1988 TRI TOTALS, EXCLUDING DELISTED CHEMICALS: DATA FOR COMPARISON
TO 1989 37
Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988 37
Major Chemicals in TRI, 1988 . 38
Carcinogens in TRI, 1988 39
Geographical Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988 41
Industrial Distribution of 1988 TRI Releases and Transfers 45
Facilities in TRI, 1988 46
CHAPTER 3.1989 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA ii1
OVERVIEW 51
Chemical Composition of TRI Releases and Transfers 52
Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers , 56
Geographical Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers 56
Industrial Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers 61
TRI Facilities 62
TRI Parent Companies 64
TRI CHEMICALS ...67
Top Facilities for the Release and Transfer of TRI Chemicals 69
Environmental Distribution of TRI Chemicals 71
Chemical Classes 74
Health and Environmental Effects of TRI Chemicals 78
TRI Carcinogens 81
GEOGRAPHY OF TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS 85
The Role of States in TRI Releases and Transfers 85
The Role of Counties in TRI Releases and Transfers 89
The Role of Cities in TRI Releases and Transfers 90
Geography of TRI Chemicals and Chemical Classes 91
Geography of TRI Carcinogens 91
TRI Environmental Distribution by State 96
TRI Industrial Distribution by State 96
Interstate Commerce in TRI Chemicals 96
INDUSTRIAL PATTERNS OF TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS 11)4
Overall Industrial Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers 106
Major Chemicals in TRI Industries 107
Chemical Classes in TRI Industries 108
Carcinogens in TRI Industries 110
Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by Indstry 112
Geographical Distribution of TRI Industries 113
IV
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TOXICS IN THE COMMUNdY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
Four-digit SIC Codes 114
MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF CHEMICALS ON-SITE 120
HOW FACILITIES ESTIMATED TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS 129
CHAPTER 4. COMPARING 1989 TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS TO PREVIOUS YEARS 135
INTRODUCTION 135
Overview of Changes in Total TRI Releases and Transfers from 1988 to 1989 136
Changes in Environmental Distribution, for 1988 and 1989 141
Changes in Chemical Distribution, 1988 to 1989 141
Changes in Chemical Class, 1988 to 1989 144
Changes for Carcinogens, 1988 to 1989 149
Changes in Geographical Distribution, 1988 to 1989 151
Changes in Industrial Distribution, 1988 to 1989 156
AIREMISSIONS 159
Chemical Distribution 159
Chemical Classes 164
Carcinogens. 155
Geographical Distribution 166
Industrial Distribution . 169
DISCHARGES TO SURFACE WATER ..'""!"!""""!"! 171
Chemical Distribution 174
Chemical Classes 175
Carcinogens 178
Geographical Distribution 179
Industrial Distribution igo
ON-SITE LAND RELEASES. ..' !""""!""Z!ZZZ!""Z 182
Chemical Distribution Ig3
Chemical Classes Ig4
Carcinogens ;> 137
Georaphical Distribution igg
Industrial Distribution 190
UNDERGROUND INJECTION !!.!""!!!!!!!"!"!""! 192
Chemical Distribution 193
Chemical Classes 195
Carcinogens _ 197
Geographical Distribution 19g
Industrial Distribution *.,.....,..... i9g
TRANSFERS TO PUBLIC SEWAGE !!"!!!!!!!!!~~C!!!!~ 200
Chemical Distribution .202
Chemical Class ...205
Carcinogens „ 207
Geographical Distribution 208
Industrial Distribution 209
OFF-SITE TRANSFERS !ZIII!Z"I™Z!Z!ZZZ 212
Chemical Distribution 213
Chemical Classes 214
Carcinogens..... ._ 216
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TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
Geographical Distribution 217
Industrial Distribution 219
CHAPTER 5. POLLUTION PREVENTION . 227
INTRODUCTION ; 227
FACILITIES REPORTING WASTE MINIMIZATION ...228
WASTE MINIMIZATION DATA REPORTED IN 1989 229
Creating a Subset 229
Reported Waste Minimization of TRI Chemicals in Waste „ 229
Geographical Distribution 237
Waste Minimization by Industry 237
Waste Minimization Methods. 241
Reasons for Waste Minimization < 242
Chemicals Subject to Waste Minimization 244
MATCHED FORMS REPORTING WASTE MINIMIZATION FOR ALL REPORTING YEARS 245
Creating a Subset , 245
Absolute and Relative Change, 1986-1989 245
Facilities Reporting on Waste Minimization, 1986-1989 249
THE POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT OF 1990 250
Effect of Pollution Prevention Legislation on TRI for 1991 251
CHAPTER 6. THE 33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS 2J55
INTRODUCTION 255
33/50 Chemicals Within TRI 256
33/50-Intensive Industries 260
33/50 CHEMICALS BY CLASS: CHEMICAL AND INDUSTRIAL PERSPECTIVES 262
Metals and Metal Compounds 262
Non-Halogenated Organic Chemicals 274
Halogenated Organic Chemicals 285
Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Compounds 295
WASTE MINIMIZATION OF 33/50 CHEMICALS 298
CHAPTER 7. TRI IN OTHER PROGRAMS AND POLICIES 31)7
INTRODUCTION 307
USES OF TRI IN OTHER PROGRAMS AND POLICIES 307
State Response To TRI 308
Local Government Response to TRI 315
Regional Response To TRI 316
Federal Impact Of TRI 317
International Efforts 321
Public Response To TRI , 322
Industry Response To TRI 3:24
TRI CHEMICALS SUBJECT TO TESTING AND REGULATORY PROGRAMS 325
Information On The Effects Of TRI Chemicals 325
Other Laws And Regulations Affecting TRI Chemicals 331
CHAPTER 8. USING THE TRI DATABASE 3*[
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF THE TRI DATABASE 341
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TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
UNDERSTANDING FORM R DATA 342
Standardization Within the TRI Database , 343
Facility Identification Information 343
Geographic Information ; 345
Industry Information ....„,......'...... ...347
Chemical Information 350
Threshold Determinations 352
Activities and Uses On Site 353
Reporting of Releases and Transfers 355
Releases and Transfers of Metals and Metal Compound Categories 356
Site Names and Geographic Data for Off-site Transfers : 357
Rivers, Lakes and Streams Receiving Surface Water Discharges ..;..' 358
Waste Treatment On Site 360
Information on Waste Minimization 361
FORMS OF THE DATA AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC... 362
ANALYZING TRI CHANGES 366
Details of Changes from 1988 to 1989 367
Details Of Changes Over Three Years, 1987 To 1989 371
Details Of Facilities Reporting In All Three Years 372
APPENDIX A - TRI FORM R
A-1
APPENDIX B -TRI CHEMICALS, 1989
B-1
APPENDIX C - SIC CODES 20-39
C-1
APPENDIX D - TRI STATE AND REGIONAL CONTACTS
D-1
APPENDIX E -TRI CURRENT DATA FOR 1987
E-1
APPENDIX F - TRI FACILITIES WITH THE GREATEST TRI AMOUNTS, 1989, AND WITH THE GREATEST
CHANGES, 1988-1989 -....• F-1
APPENDIX G - DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS BY CHEMICAL, 1989
APPENDIX H - DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS BY STATE, 1989
G-1
H-1
APPENDIX I - DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS BY INDUSTRY, 1989
(-1
APPENDIX J - DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS OF 33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS BY
STATE AND BY INDUSTRY, 1989 •_ J-1
APPENDIX K-TRI CHEMICALS IN OTHER FEDERAL PROGRAMS
GLOSSARY
K-1
INDEX
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TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
CHAPTER 1. THE TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY: AN INTRODUCTION
13
CHAPTER 2. CHANGES T01987 AND 1988 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA !B
Figure 2-1. Environmental Distribution of TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988 Current Data 32
Figure 2-2. Environmental Distribution by Chemical Class of TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988 Current Data 40
CHAPTER 3.1989 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA «
Figure 3-1. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers in 1989 51
Figure 3-2. The Ten Chemicals with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989 55
Figure 3-3. The 20 States with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989 56
Map 3-1. TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989 58
Map 3-2. Facilities Reporting to TRI, 1989 58
Figure 3-4. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1989 i51
Figure 3-5. TRI Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1989 76
Figure 3-6. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1989 : 76
Map 3-3. Top 100 Counties for TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989 159
Map 3-4. Total Releases and Transfers of Carcinogens ;. .-. 94
Figure 3-7. The Ten States with the Largest Carcinogenic Releases and Transfers, 1989. 94
Map 3-5. TRI Total Air Emissions, 1989 97
Map 3-6". TRI Surface Water Discharges, 1989 ... 97
Map 3-7. TRI On-site Land Releases, 1989 .-. 98
Map 3-8. TRI Discharges to Underground Injection Wells, 1989 98
Map 3-9. TRI Transfers to Public Sewage, 1989 99
Map 3-10. TRI Off-site Transfers, 1989 99
VIII
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TOXICS /N THE COMMUNITY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
Figure 3-8. The Ten States with the Largest Net Export of TRI Off-site Transfers to Other States, 1989 '. 102
Figure 3-9. The Ten States with the Largest Net Import of TRI Off-site Transfers from Other States, 1989 104
Figure 3-10. TRI Carcinogenic Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1989 110
Figure 3-11. The Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers of Each Industry, 1989 112
Map 3-11. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by the Chemical Industry, 1989 ™ 114
Map 3-12. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by the Textiles Industry, 1989 115
Map 3-13. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by the Electrical Industry, 1989 115
Figure 3-12. The Number of TRI Forms Reported per Maximum Amount Code, 1989 123
Figure 3-13. Basis of Estimate for TRITotal Releases and Transfers, 1989 , 128
CHAPTER 4. COMPARING 1989 TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS TO PREVIOUS YEARS 135
Figure 4-1. Changes in Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals, 1987-1989 .'. 142
Figure 4-2. TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1987-1989 143
Figure 4-3. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers, 1987-1989 145
Figure 4-4. TRI Chemicals with the Greatest Changes in TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989 148
Figure 4-5. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Total TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989. 148
Figure 4-6. Changes in TRI Total Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1988-1989 149
Figure 4-7. TRI Carcinogens with the Greatest Changes in TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989 153
Figure 4-8. States with Decreases in TRI Total Releases and Transfers Greater than 10 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 158
Map 4-1. Changes in TRI Total Releases and Transfers by State, 1988-1989 158
Map 4-2. The 50 Counties with the Largest Increases and the 50 Counties with the Largest Decreases in TRI Total Releases and Transfers,
1988-1989 160
Figure 4-9. States With Increases in TRI Total Releases and Transfers Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 160
Figure 4-10. Industries with Changes in TRI Total Releases and Transfers Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 163
Figure 4-11. TRI Chemicals with Decreases in Air Emissions Greater than 2 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 166
Figure 4-12. TRI Chemicals with Increases in Emissions to Air Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 168
Figure 4-13. Changes in TRI Air Emissions by Chemical Class, 1988-1989 168
Figure 4-14. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Air Emissions Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 170
Figure 4-15. States with Changes in TRI AirEmisssions Greater than 5 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 172
Map 4-3. Changes in TRI Total Air Emissions by State, 1988-1989 , 172
Figure 4-16. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Air Emissions, 1988-1989 173
Figure 4-17. Industries with Changes in TRI Air Emissions Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 174
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TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
Figure 4-18. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Discharges to Surface Water Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 176
Figure 4-19. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Discharges to Surface Water, 1988-1989. „..:.,>.:. ..™........:........".;.;........i'.;........ 176
Figure 4-20. Changes in TRI Discharges to Surface Water by Chemical Class, 1988-1989. ; 178
Figure 4-21. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Discharges to Surface Water Greater than 100,000 Pounds, 1988-1989 181
Figure 4-22. States with Changes in TRI Discharges to Surface Water Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 181
M»p4-4. Changes in TRI Surface Water Discharges by State, 1988-1989 182
Figure 4—23. Industries with Changes in TRI Discharges to Surface Water Greater than 500,000 Pounds, 1988-1989 183
Figure 4-24. TRI Chemicals with Changes in On-site Land Releases Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989. 185
Figure 4-25. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in On-site Land Releases, 1988-1989........'.. .'... 186
Figure 4-26. Changes in TRI On-site Land Release by Chemical Class, 1988-1989 ; .<: .....: 188
Figure 4-27. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in On-site Land Releases Greater than 50,000 Pounds, 1988-1989 189
Figure 4-28. States with Changes in TRI On-site Land Releases Greater than 2 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 191
Map 4-5. Changes in TRI Total On-site Land Releases by State, 1988-1989 . ; . 191
Figure 4-29. Industries with Changes in TRI On-site Land Releases Greater than 500,000 Pounds, 1988^1989. 193
Figure 4-30. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Underground Injection, 1988-1989 i 194
Figure 4-31. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Underground Injection Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 196
Figure 4-32. Changes in TRI Underground Injection by Chemical Class, 1988-1989 196
Figure 4-33. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Underground Injection Greater than 100,000 Pounds, 1988r-1989 199
Figure 4-34. States with Changes in TRI Underground Injection Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 200
Map 4-6. Changes in Underground Injection by State, 1988-1989 201
Figure 4-35. Industries with Changes in TRI Underground Injection Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 .'.. 202
Figure 4-36. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Transfers to Public Sewage, 1988-1989. 206
Figure 4-37. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 206
Figure 4-38. Changes in TRI Transfers to Public Sewage by Chemical Class, 1988-1989 208
Figure 4-39. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 100,000 Pounds, 1988-1989 '. 210
Figure 4-40. States with Changes in TRI Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989. 210
Map 4-7. Changes in TRI Transfers to Public Sewage by State, 1988-1989 ......;. 212
Figure 4-41. Industries with Changes in TRI Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 213
Figure 4-42. TRI Chemicals with the Greatest Changes in Off-site Transfers, 1988-1989 216
Figure 4-43. Changes in TRI Off-site Transfers by Chemical Class, 1988-1989 .....; !.....'..„. ..„....' ..........:..;. :.'.......:..... 217
Figure 4-44. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Off-site Transfers Greater than 500,000 Pounds, 1988-1989 221
Figure 4-45. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Off-site Transfers, 1988-1989. ..! 222
Figure 4-46. States with Decreases in TRI Off-site Transfers Greater than 5 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 222
Figure 4-47. States with Increases in TRI Off-site Transfers Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 223
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TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
19S9 National and Local Perspectives
Figure 4-48. Industries with Changes in TRI Off-site Transfers Greater Than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 i 223
CHAPTER 5. POLLUTION PREVENTION
227
Figure 5-1. The Optional Waste Minimization Section of TRI Form R, 1989 228
Figure 5-2. Absolute and Relative Change in TRI Waste Generation, 1988-1989 ....231
Figure 5-3. The 20 States Reporting the Largest Absolute Decrease in TRI Waste Generation, 1988-1989 237
Figure 5-4. Amount of Absolute and Relative Change in TRI Waste Generation by Industry, 1988-1989 240
Figure 5-5. Amount of Absolute and Relative Change in TRI Waste Generation by Method, 1988-1989 241
Figure 5-6. Amount of Absolute and Relative Change in TRI Waste Generation by Reason, 1988-1989 243
Figure 5-7. Change in Waste Generation and TRI Releases and Transfers, 1986-1989 247
CHAPTER 6. THE 33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS 255
Figure 6-1. TRI Total Air Emissions, 1989 259
Figure 6-2. Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Chemicals, 1989 .259
Map 6-l.Total TRI Releases and Transfers by State for 33/50 Program Chemicals 261
Map 6-2. Total TRI Releases and Transfers by State for 33/50 Metals 264
Figure 6-3. Percent Change in Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Chemicals, 1988-1989 266
Map 6-3. Total TRI Releases and Transfers by State for 33/50 Organics 277
Map 6-4. Total TRI Releases and Transfers by State for 33/50 Halo-Organics 287
Map 6-5. Total TRI Releases and Transfers by State of Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Compounds 297
Figure 6-4. Percent of 33/50 Chemical Forms with Full Waste Minimization Data, 1989 298
Figure 6-5. Percent Change in Waste Generation for 33/50 Chemicals, 1988-1989 300
CHAPTER 7. TRI IN OTHER PROGRAMS AND POLICIES 307
Figure 7-1. Example of Federal Regulations Contained in Roadmaps, 1989 336
Map 7-1. EPA Regions. , ....337
Figure 7-2. Partial Listing of Chemicals in Roadmaps for Which There are CERLA RQs 338
CHAPTER 8. USING THE TRI DATABASE . 341
Figure 8-1. Industrial Activities and Uses, 1989. (TRI Forms and Total Releases and Transfers) 354
Figure 8-2. TRI Releases and Transfers Reported Across the Years 370
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TOXICS INTHE COMMUNITY
19&9 National and Local Perspectives
LIST OF TABLES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
CHAPTER 1. THE TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY: AN INTRODUCTION |3
CHAPTER 2. CHANGES T01987 AND 1988 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA 23
Table 2-1. Summary of Changes in 1987 TRI Data .-. ' 26
Table 2-2. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers: Previous and Current 1987 Data 27
Table 2-3. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by State: Previous and Current 1987 Data 28
Table 2-4. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by Industry: Previous and Current 1987 Data 29
Table 2-5. The 25 Chemicals with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers: Previous and Current 1987 Data 30
Table 2-6. TRI Releases and Transfers of Terephthalic Acid, 1987 and 1988 Current Data, 31
Table 2-7. Summary of Changes in 1988 TRI Data 31
Table 2-8. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers: Previous and Current 1988 Data 32
Table 2-9. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by State: Previous and Current 1988 Data 33
Table 2-10. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by Industry: Previous and Current 1988 Data 35
Table 2-11. The 25 Chemicals with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers: Previous and Current Data 35
Table 2-1Z Environmental Distribution of the 25 Chemicals with the Largest TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988 Current Data 39
Table 2-13. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1988 Current Data 40
Table 2-14. The 25 Carcinogens with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988 Current Data 41
Table 2-15. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by State, 1988 Current Data 42
Table 2-16. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1988 Current Data. .'. 44
Table 2-17. Top 50 Facilities for Total Releases and Transfers, 1988 Current Data 47
CHAPTER 3.1989 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA 5!
Table 3-1. The 25 Chemicals with the Largest Releases and Transfers, 1989 -53
xl!
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TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
Table 3-2. TRI Releases and Transfers by State, 1989 ., 57
Table 3-3. The Top 25 Counties with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989 59
Table 3-4. The 50 Cities with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989 60
Table 3-5. TRI Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1989 62
Table 3-6. The 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Total Releases and Transfers, 1989 63
Table 3-7. The Ten Parent Companies with the Largest TRI Releases and Transfers, 1989 ; 66
Table 3-8. The Ten Parent Companies with the Largest Number of TRI Facilities, 1989 66
Table 3-9. The 25 Chemicals Reported on the Most TRI Forms, 1989 68
Table 3-10. Total Releases and Transfers by Media for the Top TRI Facility in Each State, 1989 70
Table 3-11. Environmental Distribution of the 25 Chemicals with the Largest TRI Releases and Transfers, 1989 71
Table 3-12. The Top Five Chemicals with the Largest TRI Amounts for Each Type of Release and Transfer, 1989 72
Table 3-13. The Ten States with the Largest TRI Amounts for Each Type of Release and Transfer, 1989 ; 73
Table 3-14. The Five Chemicals with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers for Each Chemical Class, 1989 75
Table 3-15. The 25 Mixture and Trade Name Products with the Largest Releases and Transfers, 1989 77
Table 3-16. The 25 Carcinogens with the Largest Releases and Transfers, 1989 81
Table 3-17. The Top 50 TRI Facilities for TRI Total Carcinogenic Releases and Transfers, 1989 84
Table 3-18. Environmental Distribution of the 25 Carcinogens with the Largest Releases and Transfers, 1989 86
Table 3-19. Environmental Distribution of the TRI Total Releases and Transfers of Each State, 1989 88
Table 3-20. Major Facilities in the Five Counties with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989 90
Table 3-21. TRI Total Releases and Transfers in Each State by Chemical Class, 1989 92
Table 3-22. TRI Releases and Transfers of Each Industry by Chemical Class, 1989 93
Table 3-23. TRI Total Carcinogenic Releases and Transfers by State, 1989 95
Table 3-24. TRI Off-Site Transfers Sent Out of State and Received from Out of State by Each State, 1989 100
Table 3-25. The Five Facilities in Pennsylvania and Texas with the Largest Off-Site Transfers Sent Out-of-State, 1989 103
Table 3-26. The 25 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-Site Transfers Sent Out-of-State, 1989 105
Table 3-27. TRI Releases and Transfers within Each Chemical Class by Industry, 1989 109
Table 3-28. TRI Total Carcinogenic Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1989 Ill
Table 3-29. The Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers of Each Industry, 1989 113
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TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
Table 3-30. TRI Facilities Reporting a Single and a Multiple 4-Digit SIC Code Within Each Industrial Category, 1989 ................................. 1 16
Table 3-31. The 25 Industries (Classified by 4-Digit SIC Code) with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989 ............................... 118
Table 3-32. The 25 Industries (Classified by 4-Digit SIC Code) with the Largest Number of TRI Facilities, 1989 ............................................ 120
Table 3-33. Ranges Used for Reporting the Maximum Amount On Site at Any Time During the Calendar Year, 1989 ................ ;...... ............ 123
Table 3-34. The Number of TRI Forms by Maximum Amount Code for the Top 25 Chemicals (Ranked by Number of Forms), 1989 ........... 124
Table 3-35. The Number of TRI Forms by Maximum Amount Code by State, 1989 ........................ ....... ..... ........ ....... .. ........................................ 125
Table 3-36. The Number of TRI Forms by Maximum Amount Code by Industry, 1989 [[[ . ............................. 125
Table 3-37. Facilities, Chemicals, and Releases and Transfers Associated with Forms Reporting Maximum Amounts Onsite of 500
Million Pounds or Greater (Maximum Amount Codes 10 and. 11), 1989 ................. . [[[ . ................. -175
Table 3-38. TRI Releases and Transfers by Basis of Estimate by Type of TRI Release or Transfer, 1989. ...:.
CHAPTER 4. COMPARING 1989 TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS TO PREVIOUS YEARS _ 135
Table 4-1. TRI Total Facilities, Forms, and Releases and Transfers, 1987-1989 [[[ . ......................... ji|5
Table 4-2. Environmental Distribution of the Changes in TRI Releases and Transfers, 1987-1989 [[[ . ....... 143
Table 4-3. Changes in TRI Releases and Transfers for the Top Ten Increasing TRI Chemicals and the Top Ten Decreasing TRI Chemicals
1988-1989 [[[ . 146
Table 4-4. Changes in TRI Total Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1988-1989. ...... [[[ 1'iO
Table 4-S. Changes in TRI Releases and Transfers for the Top Ten Decreasing TRI Carcinogens and the Top Ten Increasing Carcinogens
1988-1989 [[[ . [[[ j4j2
Table 4-6. Change in Total Releases and Transfers of TRI Carcinogens by Industry, 1988-1989 ................................... . ................................... 154
Table 4-7. Change in Total Releases and Transfers of TRI Carcinogens by State, 1988-1989. ..... ...... . ................. . ............. . .................. ; ........... i
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TOXICS ftf THE COMMUNITY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
Table 4-18. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Total On-Site Land Releases Greater Than 10,000 Pounds, 1988-1989 190
Table 4-19. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Underground Injection Greater than 500,000 Pounds, 1988-1989 197
Table 4-20. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Underground Injection Greater than 10,000 Pounds, 1988-1989 199
Table 4-21. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 500,000 Pounds, 1988-1989 207
Table 4-22. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 10,000 Pounds, 1988-1989. 211
Table 4-23. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Off-site Transfers Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989 .218
Table 4-24. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Off-site Transfers Greater than 10,000 Pounds, 1988-1989 220
CHAPTER 5. POLLUTION PREVENTION 227
Table 5-1. Top 50 Facilities for TRI Total Transfers and Releases, Showing Waste Minimization Forms Reported, 1989 230
Table 5-2. TRI Waste Minimization Data by State (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989 238
Table 5-3. TRI Waste Minimization Data by Industry (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989 239
Table 5-4. TRI Waste Minimization Data by Method (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989 242
Table 5-5. TRI Waste Minimization Data by Reason (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989 243
Table 5-6. TRI Chemicals with More than One Million Pounds Absolute Waste Reduction (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989 244
Table 5-7. Relative and Absolute Change in Waste Generation of TRI Carcinogens (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989 246
Table 5-8. Cumulative Change in TRI Waste Generation (Based on 123 forms), 1986-1989 247
Table 5-9. The 25 TRI Facilities with the Largest Cumulative Absolute Waste Reductions (Subset of 89 facilities, 123 forms), 1986-1989. 248
Table 5-10. The 25 TRI Facilities with the Largest Cumulative Relative Waste Reductions (Subset of 89 facilities, 123 forms), 1986-1989. .250
CHAPTER 6. THE 33/50PROGRAM CHEMICALS 255
Table 6-1. Classification of TRI Chemicals in the 33/50 Program. 256
Table 6-Z Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Chemicals, 1988-1989 258
Table 6-3.33/50-Intensive Industries, 1989 260
Table 6-4. Top Five Industries for Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Metals, 1989 263
Table 6-5. Enviromental Distribution of Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Metals, 1989 268
Table 6-6. Top Five Industries for Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Organics, 1989 275
Table 6-7. Enviromental Distribution of Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Organics, 1989 '. 276
Table 6-8. Top Five Industries for Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Halo-organic;:, 1989 286
Table 6-9. Enviromental Distribution of Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Halo-organics, 1989 288
Table 6-10. TRI Forms with Full Waste Minimization for 33/50 Chemicals, 1989 299
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TOXICS IN THE COMMUNITY
1989 National and Local Perspectives
Table 6-11. Amount of Absolute and Relative Change in Waste Generation for 33/50 Chemicals, 1988-1989 302
CHAPTER 7. TRI IN OTHER PROGRAMS AND POLICIES . 307
Table 7-1. State Regulatory Programs Mobilized by TRI ; 309
CHAPTER 8. USING THE TRI DATABASE 341
Table 8-1. Summary of SIC Code Reporting by TRI Facilities, 1989 349
Table 8-2. The Combination of SIC Codes Most Often Reported on Multiple SIC Code Forms, 1989 349
Table 8-3. Rivers with the Largest Surface Water Discharges, 1989 353
Table 8-4. TRI Surface Water Discharges to the Last 100 Miles of the Columbia River, 1989 361
Table 8-5. Calculation of 1989 Waste Minimization Percent Change 353
Table 8-6. Public Availability of TRI Data 364
Table 8-7. Change in TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989 368
Table 8-8. TRI Reporting in 1987,1988 and 1989 Compared 370
Table 8-9. TRI Reporting by Facilities Reporting in all Three Years 372
xvi
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MESSAGE FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR
This year's National Report is the third annual analysis of the releases of some 320 chemicals and compounds to
air, water, and land from selected manufacturing facilities. The data collected under the authority of Section 313
of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) have been used by industry, public
interest groups, state and local governments, the U.S. Congress and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
to target major opportunities for reducing risks to public health and the environment.
The Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) is a unique resource. It was envisioned from the outset to make data publicly
available so that knowledge could be a catalyst for pollution prevention activities at the community, state, and
federal levels. Pollution prevention avoids the creation of waste and is a different focus from pollution control,
which concentrates on managing and disposing of waste. More and more states are implementing pollution
prevention or toxic use reduction laws using TRI as the framework for their environmental accounting. Later
chapters of this Report describe in more detail a variety of the activities that TRI has stimulated to preventpollution.
The data in this Report offer signs of progress. There has been a decrease in total emissions of 1.3 billion pounds
for the period 1987 to 1989 and of 720.8 million pounds between 1988 and 1989. Improved emissions estimates,
changes in accounting procedures, and a better understanding of the TRI requirements account for at least some of
these decreases. At the same time it is worth noting that during the threes year period covered by the Report there
were also modest increases in economic activity in the manufacturing sector of our economy. While we cannot yet
determine precisely how much of the reported decreases are real reductions in emissions, I am encouraged by the
downward trend in releases.
The data also tell us that there are still many opportunities to reduce risk. I am excited by numerous private
sector activities underway to preventpollution in communities throughout our country.
TRI data are being used as benchmarks for several major new programs at the EPA, such as implementation of the
Clean Ah- Act Amendments. These Amendments mandate substantial reductions in air emissions during the next
few years. It is also the measuring stick for our 33/50 Program, a voluntary, cooperative effort between EPA and
industry to reduce emissions of 17 selected chemicals by 33 percent by 1992,50 percent by 1995. To date, hundreds
of major corporations have voluntarily committed to reduce hundreds of millions of pound of toxins.
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We now recognize that pollution prevention is a global challenge and that pollution does not respect national
boundaries. One of the most exciting advances this past year is the use of the TRI concept abroad. Canada has
already initiated its own version of a toxic release inventory. EPA is providing information to help design,
implement, and manage toxic release inventories in Europe, Scandinavia, and Japan. And we're discussing the
idea with Mexico for the border area; reliable monitoring of emissions there is a requisite for the growth
expected to accompany a North American Free Trade Agreement. Ultimately it is only through a global effort
that we will be able to assure our children of a healthier environment. •
Public awareness is essential to our success. Knowledge in the hands of the public has proved to be a powerful
force for change. I encourage each of you to take advantage of the opportunity to learn about toxics in your
community and to exercise creativity in working to improve the quality of the environment. We at the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency are finding that our most effective pollution prevention activities are those devel-
oped in partnership with the public and industry. The Toxic Release Inventory is a dynamic tool. It will expand
in future years to contain even more information that we can use to prevent pollution and measure our progress.
I welcome your support and suggestions to help us make it as useful a tool as possible.
William K. Reffly
Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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PREFACE
As in the past, the preparation of this year's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) National Report has proven to be quite
a challenge. Many people in both the public and private sectors contributed to its preparation and I thank them for
their input. In particular, the helpful comments of the EPA review team were a cornerstone in making this National
Report a reality. Their commendable performance in the evaluation of the National Report under tight deadlines is
hereby noted and appreciated.
TRI provides a wealth of information for those involved in the protection of human health and the environment, and
this year's National Report attempts to enumerate a variety of ways the data are being used in such efforts. In
addition, the National Report provides a standard analysis of the 1989 data (including its relation to previous years'
data) and highlights a new initiative (the 33/50 Program) and a new law (the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990), both
of which rely heavily on TRI as the yardstick of their success.
In the spirit of "Right-to-Know" we have attempted this year to provide users of the data with helpful tips and
suggestions for understanding the information collected under TRI. We are most eager that data users understand
what the data does (and does not) mean.
Due to the helpful comments from users of prior National Reports, this year we have included an index and a
glossary. We hope you will find these enhancements useful. As always, we encourage and welcome such helpful
recommendations for improving the utility of this National Report.
Kenneth L. Mitchell, Ph.D.
National Report Project Manager
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Toxics IN THE COMMUNITY
OVERALL INCREASES AND DECREASES
In 1989,22,569 facilities submitted forms to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI).
The environmental releases and transfers reported by these facilities totaled 5.7
billion pounds. Almost three-quarters (74 percent) of this total was released on site
to air, water, land or underground injection wells; the remaining 26 percent was
transferred off site to either publicly owned treatment plants (POTWs) or off-site
treatment, storage, or disposal facilities.
The Toxics Release Inventory shows a downward shift in total reported releases and
transfers of TRI chemicals from 1987 to 1989. From 1987 (the first year of TRI
reporting) to 1988, total TRI releases and transfers fell by 548.8 million pounds.
Between 1988 and 1989, the year of the data analyzed in this report, this total
dropped by another 720.8 million pounds. This amounts to a total decrease from
1987 to 1989 of 19 percent, and a decrease from 1988 to 1989 of 11 percent.
The number of TRI facilities and forms continued to increase, with 7 percent more
facilities reporting to TRI in 1989 than in 1988. This increase may, to some degree,
reflect the 1989 TRI reporting threshold of 25,000 pounds for the manufacture or
process of TRI chemicals, which is lower than the 1988 reporting threshold of
50,000 pounds for these types of activities. The facilities reporting to TRI in 1989
together submitted 81,891 forms, an increase of 9 percent over the previous year. At
the same time, it is worth noting that during the three-year period covered by this
TRI National Report there were also modest increases in economic activity in the
reporting (manufacturing) sector of the U.S. economy.
Releases and transfers
totaled 5.7 billion pounds in
1989.
Total reported TRI releases
and transfers were 11
percent less in 1989 than in
1988...
... even though 7% more
facilities reported to EPA in
1989.
Despite the increase in facilities and forms, both releases and transfers decreased
between 1988 and 1989. While some of these reported decreases were due to true
reductions in releases and transfers, others were due to changes in estimation
methods, a better understanding of the reporting requirements, corrections of errors
in previous submissions, and other factors.
Some decreases repre-
sented true reductions;
others reflected different
estimation methods or other
factors.
In 1989, TRI facilities reported 532.3 million pounds less total on-site releases to
either air, water, land, or underground injection wells than in 1988. Total TRI
transfers to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and other off-site waste
management facilities for treatment, storage, or disposal decreased by a smaller
absolute amount, 188.5 million pounds. Every category of TRI release or transfer
showed a decrease in reported TRI amounts between 1988 and 1989, especially off-
site transfers (excluding those to POTWs) and total air emissions, which each
dropped by 168.6 million pounds.
Every category of TRI
release or transfer showed a
decrease in reported
amounts between 1988 and
1989.
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Executive Summary
Over 1/2 of the total
decreases In reported
releases and transfers
between 1988 and 1989 was
accounted for by only 127
individual facilities.
The overall net decrease in TRI releases and transfers between 1988 and 1989 may
obscure the data reported by individual facilities, some of which show an opposing
tendency. Indeed, over half (59 percent) of the total decreases between the amounts
facilities reported to TRI in 1988 and the amounts they reported in 1989 was
accounted for by only 127 individual facilities, each of which showed decreases; of
over 1.5 million pounds between the two years. In view of the fact that almost as
many facilities showed increases in TRI amounts as showed decreases, it appears
that a relatively small number of facilities accounted for the net decrease in TRI
releases and transfers from 1988 to 1989. Often the large changes in the TRI
amounts reported by individual facilities involved a single chemical and a single
route of release or transfer. Therefore, the analyses in this 1989 TRI National Report
often demonstrate the role of single facilities in the geographical, environmental,
and chemical makeup of TRI releases and transfers.
Hydrochloric acid was the
TRI chemical with the largest
decrease In releases and
transfers from 1988 to 1989.
Of the 1989 TRI total, 42%
was released to air.
Air emissions were the top
form of release or transfer
for 3 of the 5 TRI chemical
classes.
Of the 300 individual TRI chemicals and 20 chemical categories included in the data
for this National Report, total releases and transfers decreased for 171, increased for
95, and remained the same for four between 1988 and 1989. Another 50 chemicals
had no reports of releases or transfers for either year. Decreases in reported releases
and transfers in excess of 10 million pounds between 1988 and 1989 for 14
chemicals totaled 572.2 million pounds, compared to a net decrease for all TRI
chemicals of 720.8 million pounds. With 130.0 million pounds less in TRI releases
and transfers from 1988 to 1989, hydrochloric acid was the chemical with the largest
TRI decrease. The chemical with the largest TRI increase was isopropyl alcohol
(manufacturing ~ strong acid process), with 4.8 million pounds more releases and
transfers than in the preceding year.*
ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
In 1989, larger amounts of TRI chemicals were emitted to air than were released in
any other manner or transferred off site. Of the 1989 TRI releases and transfers, 42
percent (2.4 billion pounds) was released to air. Underground injection wells
received the next greatest amount, accounting for 21 percent of the TRI total (1.2
billion pounds), followed by off-site transfers (16 percent, or 913.1 million pounds).
Different states stood out for various types of releases or transfers. For example, in
1989 Texas was the number one state for air emissions and for discharges to
underground injection wells. Louisiana was first for TRI discharges to surface water
and was second for underground injection releases. Indiana was number one for TRI
on-site land releases. Often, one or two facilities played a significant role in a state's
releases and transfers. In the case of Indiana's on-site land releases, for example, 89
percent was accounted for by the releases of a single facility.
Air emissions, the top form of environmental release for TRI overall, were also
predominant in three TRI chemical classes, the halogenated organics (84 percent of
total releases and transfers for the class), the non-halogenated organics (68 percemt),
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Toxics in the Community
and the non-metallic inorganics (70 percent). Over half (54 percent) of all TRI
mineral acids/salts2 were discharged to underground injection wells, while metals
and metal compounds were primarily released on-site to land (51 percent) or
transferred to off-site facilities (42 percent). Often the individual chemicals within
a class reflect the overall pattern for the class. For example, 91 percent of 1,1,1-
trichloroethane (a TRI halogenated organic chemical) was released to air, while 61
percent of hydrochloric acid (a TRI mineral acid/salt) was released to underground
injection wells.3
CHEMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
The 25 chemicals with the largest TRI releases and transfers accounted for 83
percentof the 1989 TRI total. Releases and transfers of ammonium sulfate (solution)
were greater than those of any other TRI chemical in 1989, accounting for 13 percent
(750.6 million pounds) of the TRI total. Facilities also reported large amounts of
hydrochloric acid, methanol, ammonia, toluene, and sulfuric acid. The total releases
and transfers of each of these chemicals contributed over 5 percent to the TRI total.
However, the TRI chemicals with the largest release and transfer amounts were not
always those reported most often. Ammonium sulfate (solution), ranked number one
for overall TRI releases and transfers, was number 49 in TRI for the number of forms
submitted by facilities. Toluene, the chemical with the largest number of forms
submitted to TRI in 1989, ranked fifth for amount of TRI total releases and transfers.
While the average release and/or transfer amount per form was 2.5 million pounds
for ammonium sulfate (solution), an average of 82,740 pounds was reported per
form for toluene.
Ten chemicals showed the largest net decrease between 1988 and 1989. Each
dropped by more than 24 million pounds. Despite these decreases, these chemicals
are still among the top 25 for the largest total releases and transfers in 1989. These
top 25 chemicals remained the same from 1988 to 1989, with one exception:
chromium compounds moved up two places from number 26 to number 24 to
become a top 25 chemical, while trichloroethylene moved down from number 23 to
number 26. In both years, ammonium sulfate (solution), hydrochloric acid, metha-
nol, and ammonia were released or transferred in the largest amounts, and the top 25
chemicals accounted for 83 percent of total TRI releases and transfers.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
As in 1988, Texas was the state with the largest TRI releases and transfers. With
releases and transfers totaling 792.8 million pounds, Texas claimed a significantly
larger percent of the 1989 TRI total than did Louisiana, the second-ranked state
(473.5 million pounds). Texas alone accounted for 14 percent of all TRI releases and
The top 25 TRI chemicals
accounted for 83 percent of
all TRI releases and
transfers In 1989.
Releases and transfers of 10
TRI chemicals each dropped
by over 24 million pounds
from 1988 to 1989.
Texas was the state with the
largest TRI releases and
transfers.
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Executive Summary
California had the largest
number of facilities report-
Ing to TRI In 1989.
Brazoria, Texas, and
Jefferson Parish, Louisiana,
were the two counties with
the largest TRI releases and
transfers In 1989...
... however, an Individual
facility accounted for over
90% of the total TRI releases
and transfers of each of
these two counties.
Pennsylvania transferred the
largest amount of TRI
chemicals out of state, while
Louisiana received the most.
transfers in 1989. The majority of facilities reporting TRI releases and transfers were
located in states in the eastern half of the country and in Texas and California.
Relatively few facilities were located in the western half of the United States.
California had the largest number of facilities (1,694) reporting TRI releases and
transfers in 1989, accounting for 8 percent of all facilities reporting releases and
transfers. Four other states—Ohio, Illinois, Texas, and Pennsylvania—also had over
1,000 facilities each reporting to TRI.
State TRI releases and transfers were often concentrated in just a few counties and
cities. Brazoria, Texas, and Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, were the number one- and
two-ranked counties in 1989, respectively. These counties each contributed a
significant amount to their state's total releases and transfers, representing 28 and 41
percent of those totals, respectively. The city of Alvin, Texas, located in Brazoria
County, was the top-ranked city for 1989 TRI releases and transfers. Westwego,
Louisiana, located in Jefferson Parish, was ranked second. Each of these cities
accounted for over 90 percent of the releases and transfers of their counties.
Although the top cities and counties are significant geographic indicators in the
analysis of TRI data, often a very small number of facilities can be found to account
for the majority of the releases and transfers of those regions. For example, the
Monsanto facility in Alvin, Texas accounted for 92 percent of the total releases and
transfers of Brazoria County. Likewise, the American Cyanamid facility in Westwego,
Louisiana contributed 98 percent to the total TRI releases and transfers of Jefferson
County. While these are by far the most dramatic examples of the contributions
which individual facilities may make to the TRI totals for a given region, they serve
to demonstrate the importance of facility-level analyses to TRI geographic data,,
Off-site transfers of TRI chemicals in waste are often shipped across state borders to
receiving facilities for treatment, storage, or disposal. Only Vermont, Puerto Rico,
Hawaii, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands did not receive any off-site
transfers originating from outside their own jurisdiction. A total of 384.2 million
pounds (38 percent) of TRI off-site transfers were shipped across state lines in 1989.
Pennsylvania was the number-one exporter of wastes across state borders, shipping
43.2 million pounds, or 56 percent of its off-site transfers, out of state. Thus, while
Pennsylvania reported total TRI releases and transfers of 194.2 million pounds, its
final amount of in-state waste was 19.8 million pounds less than that total. (The 19.8
million pounds is less than the state's total export of 43.2 million pounds because of
transfers received from other states). Louisiana was the state with the largest net
import of TRI wastes, importing 29.6 million pounds more from other states than it
exported to them.
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Toxics in the Community
INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRI RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
The Chemicals and Allied Products industry accounted for the largest share of total
TRI releases and transfers in 1989 as in 1988, contributing almost half (48 percent)
to that 1989 total. The Chemical industry also had the largest number of facilities
reporting TRI releases and transfers, with 19 percent of the total number of facilities
reporting to TRI in 1989. Facilities in the Chemical industry reported releases and
transfers totaling 2.8 billion pounds, more than three times the releases and transfers
of the second-ranked industry, the Primary Metal Industries, which accounted for
756.8 million pounds (13 percent of the 1989 TRI total). The Multiple SIC Codes
category ranked third overall with releases and transfers of 437.3 million pounds (8
percent of the 1989 TRI total), followed by the Paper and Allied Products industry,
with 313.3 million pounds (5 percent). (This category includes facilities reporting
more than one two-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code among codes
20-39 that are covered by TRI reporting requirements-see Chapter 3.) The Tobacco
Products industry reported the smallest amount of releases and transfers to TRI, 1.5
million pounds (0.03 percent).
TRI AND POLLUTION PREVENTION .
The TRI reporting Form R currently contains an optional section in which facilities
can voluntarily report information on their efforts to minimize chemical waste
generation. This portion of the form also requests facility production information, in
order to make possible a calculation of how much chemical wastes were reduced (or
increased) relative to the facility's production levels. Eleven percent of the TRI
facilities, or 2,415 out of the 22,569 facilities submitting forms to TRI in 1989,
reported attempts to minimize TRI chemical wastes. The forms containing waste
minimization information represented 6 percent of all forms received in 1989. These
levels of waste minimization reporting were very similar to those in 1987 and 1988.
Ten of the 50 facilities with the largest releases and transfers in 1989—and two of
the top five facilities—reported waste minimization data on at least one of the TRI
chemicals they reported. The American Cyanamid Company in Westwego, Louisi-
ana, the second-ranked TRI facility for total releases and transfers in 1989, reported
waste minimization information on three of the 23 TRI chemicals it reported in
1989. Fourth-ranked Vulcan Chemicals (Wichita, Kansas) reported waste minimi-
zation information on two of its 28 reported TRI chemicals.
Within the 1989 subset of TRI forms containing complete waste minimization data
for both 1988 and 1989 (a total of 2,240 forms), TRI chemical absolute waste
generation decreased by 13 percent between the years (69.0 million pounds). When
production levels are factored into this decrease, it becomes a 28 percent net relative
reduction (142.0 million pounds). The larger number indicates that the overall
productivity associated with the reported chemicals at these facilities increased
from 1988 to 1989, and that the chemical waste generation associated with the
chemicals did not increase at a comparable rate.
The Chemical industry
accounted for 48% of total
TRI releases and transfers In
1989.
11% of all TRI facilities
reported attempts at waste
minimization.
10 of the top 50 TRI facilities
In 1989 reported waste
minimization efforts.
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Executive Summary
The Pollution Prevention Act
of 1990 prioritizes pollution
prevention over waste
treatment.
The Pollution Prevention Act
of 1990 establishes
mandatory waste minimiza-
tion reporting to TRI,
starting In 1991.
The 33/50 Program requests
voluntary commitments from
companies to reduce
releases and transfers of 17
target chemicals.
Sulfuric acid, cited on 96 forms in the waste minimization subset, accounted for ithe
largest absolute amount of waste reduction (14.5 million pounds). When production
data were factored into the calculation, zinc compounds accounted for the largest
quantities of relative waste reduction. Among the 16 chemicals for which more than
one million pounds each of absolute waste reduction was achieved, 1,1,1-
trichloroethane was the most frequently reported, with waste minimization data on
262 forms. Carbonyl sulfide was the least frequently reported, with waste minimiza-
tion data on only four forms.
In October 1990, President Bush signed the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 into
law, which is based on the premise that the generation of pollution should be reduced
or eliminated and that such source reduction is more desirable than end-of-plpe
pollution control. This legislation greatly expands the Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA) role in encouraging industrial source reduction and recycling in all
its regulator/ and nonregulatory programs, as well as in collecting and assessing
data about such activities.
Among other provisions, the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 mandates that EPA
collect data about the source reduction, recycling, and treatment of each chemical
reported on a TRI Form R. This requirement, which will first affect the 1991 TRI
data due by July 1, 1992, will significantly expand the TRI database. For the first
time, EPA will obtain estimates of the total quantities of TRI chemicals in wastes
that have been reduced at the source or recycled. It will then be possible to assess
trends in source reduction and recycling over the coming years, as well as document
which methods are most common and what are the most compelling reasons for
facilities to undertake pollution prevention initiatives. This information will be
invaluable as EPA, the public, and industry attempt to identify opportunities for
prevention and recycling, and track the nation's progress toward better waste
management strategies.
THE 33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS
In February 1991, EPA announced that it had asked over 600 American companies
to voluntarily reduce releases and transfers of 17 selected toxic chemicals. This
voluntary initiative, known as the 33/50 Program, aims for a stepwise reduction of
17 target chemicals from 33 percent by the end of 1992 to 50 percent by the end of
1995, compared to 1988 release and transfer amounts. EPA selected the 33/50
Program chemicals based upon criteria including health and environmental effects,
potential for high exposure, volume of production and release, and potential for
pollution reduction. EPA believes that the 33/50 Program will work in conjunction
with its overall pollution prevention strategy to promote pollution reduction in
advance of statutory timetables. EPA intends to provide support to participating
companies by organizing opportunities for communication, exchange, and technical
assistance.
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Toxics in the Community
Of the 17 chemicals selected by EPA for the 33/50 Program, the top five for overall
TRI releases and transfers in 1989 were toluene, xylene (mixed isomers), 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, methyl ethyl ketone, and dichloromethane. These top five chemi-
cals accounted for approximately 75 percent of the releases and transfers of the total
17 chemicals. Between 1988 and 1989, the TRI ranking of four of these chemicals
rose, while dichloromethane's rank remained constant. While the net decrease for
all TRI chemicals between 1988 and 1989 was 11 percent, that of the 33/50 sub-
group was 8 percent.
The 33/50 chemicals occupied a significant place within TRI. Combined, they
accounted for almost one-fourth (23 percent) of the 1989 total TRI releases and
transfers. A significant proportion (70 percent) of the 33/50 chemicals is released in
the form of air emissions, indicating that air pollution is a particular problem
associated with this subgroup. Together, air emissions of the 33/50 chemicals
accounted for 40 percent of the overall total for all TRI chemicals released in this
manner. Out of the 33/50 chemicals, cadmium compounds showed the largest
percentage decrease from 1988 to 1989 (52 percent). Mercury compounds showed
the highest increase (165 percent).
TRI IN OTHER PROGRAMS AND POLICIES
The Toxics Release Inventory, the most comprehensive national database on toxic
chemicals released and transferred to all parts of the environment, has affected
public policy since it inception in 1986. Government officials have used TRI data to
help set environmental priorities and to shape regulations. Perhaps the most impor-
tant use of TRI data is in the development of pollution prevention initiatives. A
number of state legislatures, motivated by TRI data, have passed pollution preven-
tion laws. TRI data have helped focus attention on facilities where pollution
prevention efforts can be most effectively directed.
Most states are using TRI data to varying degrees, according to information obtained
from state TRI coordinators and from the EPA's records of meetings with states.
Delaware, among other states, reports that the influence and utilization of TRI data
have been significant in several areas. TRI represents a primary source of informa-
tion in the development of state regulations concerning pollutants being released or
having potential to be released into the environment. In Delaware, for example, TRI
data have been used as a reference in the development of new surface water quality
standards and air toxics regulation. TRI data are being used by many states in
pollution prevention activities, discharge permit development, compliance reviews
and inspection targeting, and regulatory programs. Texas, Louisiana, and Ohio, as
well as other states with large TRI releases and transfers, have made particularly
widespread use of TRI data in updating their environmental agenda.
TRI data are also having an impact at the federal level. Congress and EPA have used
TRI data in the development of new legislation and the implementation of existing
regulatory programs. EPA has made widespread use of TRI data in conjunction with
other Agency databases for purposes of permitting, inspection and enforcement
The 33/50 chemicals
accounted for 23% of all TRI
releases and transfers In
1989.
TRI has been instrumental in
the development of new
pollution prevention
initiatives.
States are using TRI data in
the development of
environmental policies and
regulations.
TRI data are having an
impact at the federal level..
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Executive Sunmary
... as well as at the level of
public Interest and commu-
nity groups and Industries.
targeting, compliance reviews, risk screening, and pollution prevention. TRI dlata
are used in the implementation of Federal legislation including the Pollution
Prevention Act of 1990, the 33/50 Program, the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments,
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Clean Water Act, and the Safe Drinking Water
Act.
TRI has also inspired a variety of responses from public interest groups, citizen
groups, universities, and industries. An examination of reports produced by such
groups in response to TRI shows that air emissions received the most attention,
followed by surface water discharges. Many reports examined a particular industrial
sector, focusing upon human health risks and sometimes ecological dangers such as
ozone layer depletion or threats to wildlife. Most frequently, public interest groups
worked to influence specific state policies, while some focused on policy changes at
the national level. Many groups are working towards the institution of pollution
prevention or toxics use reduction laws, often including citizen empowerment as
one of their aims.
In response to public attention to TRI totals and their own increased awareness! of
their toxic chemical releases and transfers, many companies are announcing pollu-
tion reduction goals and efforts. The Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)
is using TRI data to track progress of member companies under its Responsible Care
Program, adopted in 1989, and is publishing reports based on TRI data from those
companies.
Many TRI chemicals are
being studied for their health
and environmental effects or
are regulated under other
programs.
Changes are continually
being made to the TRI
database.
The health and environmental effects of many TRI chemicals are being studied,
tested, or otherwise addressed in several other programs, including the TSCA
Section 4 testing program; the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FTFRA) re-registration and data call-in program; the Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry (ATSDR) toxicological profile program; and the National
Toxicology Program (NTP) testing program.
Many TRI chemicals are the subject of environmental laws and regulations, such as
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, RCRA, CERCLA (the "Superfund"
legislation), the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, and other sections
of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) besides
Section 313, which created the TRI reporting requirements.
THE TRI DATABASE
In addition to changes to the TRI chemical list by the removal and addition of
chemicals, or the lowering of threshold amounts for the reporting of a chemical,
there are a variety of other situations which affect the content of the TRI database.
Many changes in the TRI database result from facilities submitting revised estimates
of their releases and transfers. To help facilities with questions about how to report,
8
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Toxics in the Community
EPA has prepared industry-specific guidance documents, annually refines its de-
tailed reporting instructions, and maintains a toll-free telephone line to answer
questions and provide further information. EPA also conducts a variety of activities,
including phone checks and site visits, in order to evaluate reported data.
Because of the potential for variation in data entry, EPA places a major emphasis
upon data entry accuracy. Because computers can only retrieve data in exactly the
format requested, each year EPA has expanded its efforts to standardize certain data
fields, such as county names, which facilities may report differently. The TRI
facility identification number, which is assigned to each facility when it first reports
to TRI, permits consistent identification and easy retrieval of cross-year data despite
changes in facility name or address. Chemicals are identified in the TRI database in
one of four different ways: as individual chemicals, as chemical categories (such as
nickel compounds), as mixtures/trade name products, and as trade secrets. The name
of each TRI listed chemical and chemical category has been standardized in the
database.
The TRI reporting form (Form R) includes a variety of facility information and
chemical-specific information. Some of these include latitude/longitude of facility
location; a technical and public contact name and telephone number; parent
company information; EPA identification numbers such as RCRA numbers and
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit numbers for
surface water discharges; the facility's Dun and Bradstreet number; information on
the destination of off-site transfers; the names of the rivers, lakes, and streams
receiving surface water discharges; the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
code(s) for manufacturing establishments within the facility (SIC 20 to 39); activi-
ties related to the TRI chemical at the facility; maximum amount of the chemical on
site at any time during the reporting year; releases of the chemical to the environ-
ment on site or transfers of the chemical in waste to off site locations; basis of
estimate for the releases or transfers; waste treatment methods and efficiency; and
optional information on waste minimization.
A special analysis in this year's report (Chapter 8) explains many of these items and
provides some guidance to users of the database in understanding these data; it also
includes explanations of how reporting thresholds are calculated and what exemp-
tions apply, qualifiers for certain chemicals, and other insights. One of the best ways
a user of the TRI data can become acquainted with what the data do and do not mean
is to read a copy of the reporting form and instructions, which are available from the
EPA Hotline (1-800-535-0202).
TRI data are available to the public in hard copy, magnetic tape, compact disk, and
computer microfiche. All three years are available as a public database on the
National Library of Medicine's Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET).
EPA places an emphasis
upon data entry accuracy.
TRI data can best be
understood and interpreted
by first understanding the
reporting form and instruc-
tions.
TRI data are publicly
available in several forms.
-------
Executive Summary
NOTES
1. Only facilities which manufacture isopropyl alcohol by the "strong acid process" are required to
report to TRI. However, since this method of manufacture has been replaced, to a large extent, by oilier
manufacturing processes, some of the releases and transfers reported to TRI may have been reported in
2. Prior to 1989 reporting, sodium hydroxide (solution) was deleted from the TRI chemical list.
Because this chemical represented the single base in this TRI class, the chemical class name "acids/
bases/salts," used in the 1987 and 1988 National Reports, has been changed to "mineral acids/salts"
throughout this report. See Chapter 2, Box 2-A, for further discussion of TRI chemical delistings.
3. The TRI chemical classes are: non-halogenated organics; mineral acids/salts; metals and metal
compounds; halogenated organics; and non-metallic inorganics. (See Chapters.) In figures and tables
throughout this report, class names are abbreviated as: organics; mineral acids/salts; metals; halo-
organics; and non-metals.
10
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Toxics in the Community
i SA <• «
j
Photo: David King Gleason
11
-------
Photo: Daniel J. Kasztelan
12
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CHAPTER 1. THE Toxics RELEASE INVENTORY: AN INTRODUCTION
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), the first national database of information on
toxic chemical releases and transfers by manufacturing facilities, has had far-
reaching effects on every sector of public life—on Congress and federal, state and
local government agencies, the press, public interest groups, industry, and the public
itself. This report, the third TRI National Report, presents a summary of the TRI data
as reported for 1989, as well as comparisons to the previous two years of TRI data.
The patterns of industrial toxic pollution that emerge—the overall chemical,
geographical, environmental, and industrial distribution—provide abackdrop against
which more detailed analysis can be made. -
This year's report also reflects the growing concern of the many public and private
groups and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with pollution preven-
tion. As an approach to the problem of industrial waste generation, pollution
prevention emphasizes the reduction or elimination of waste at its source. One
valuable tool in the evaluation of industrial trends and the setting of environmental
priorities is TRI. Now, as TRI enters its fourth year of reporting, EPA believes that
the TRI data are more accurate and complete than before, preparing the way for use
of this data in pollution prevention efforts at the federal, state, and facility level.
The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, described in Chapter 5, greatly expands
EPA's role in encouraging industrial source reduction and recycling in all of its
regulatory and nonregulatory programs. One result of the Act, with great implica-
tions for the role of TRI in pollution prevention, is expanded TRI reporting
requirements. Beginning with 1991, TRI facilities will be required to submit
information concerning source reduction, recycling and treatment of each chemical
reported on a TRI form. These data, which will significantly expand the TRI
database, will enhance the effectiveness of TRI in promoting and assessing pollution
prevention efforts.
TRI also plays a vital role in EPA's new 33/50 Program, described in Chapter 6. This
program aims for the reduction of releases and transfers of 17 high-priority TRI
chemicals. To facilitate the 33/50 Program, which is voluntary, EPA has contacted
facilities that have reported large TRI releases and transfers to obtain pollution
prevention commitments. TRI will be valuable in assessing the program and
directing further efforts.
States and public interest groups are also launching a variety of initiatives prompted
by TRI data, detailed in Chapter 7. As the understanding by government, industry
and the public improves in response to TRI data, more programs are being
developed to address problems of local urgency. In accord with the community
focus of the legislation creating TRI, this year's TRI National Report provides more
facility perspectives than were introduced last year. As noted frequently throughout
this report, TRI data are often most meaningful when examined in light of the impact
13
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Chapter 1
of releases and transfers reported by individual facilities.1 This year's report also
attempts to provide the reader with the kinds of cross-cutting analyses that demon-
strate the effects of facility releases and transfers upon regional, industrial, and.
environmental conditions and trends.
THE LAW
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) of 1986
establishes requirements for federal, state, and local governments and facilities
regarding emergency planning and community "right-to-know" reporting on a
number of chemicals. Chemicals subject to this law include Occupational Safety
and Health Act chemicals; hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA); extremely hazard-
ous substances under EPCRA Section 302; and the chemicals listed as toxic under
EPCRA Section 313 (see below).
This legislation builds upon EPA's Chemical Emergency Preparedness Programi
(CEPP) and numerous state and local programs aimed at helping communities better
assess potential chemical emergencies. The community right-to-know provisions;
are aimed at increasing the public availability of information about the presence and
environmental releases of chemicals in the community. The federal government,
states, and communities, utilizing information available under the provisions of this
law, will be better able to improve chemical safety and protect public health and the
environment.
EPCRA, also known as Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) of 1986, contains four major sections: emergency planning (Sections
301-303), emergency release notification (Section 304), community right-to-know
reporting requirements (Sections 311 and 312), and toxic chemical release inventory
reporting (Section 313). Information from these four sources will aid states and
communities in the development of a broad understanding of the chemical hazards:
within an entire community, as well as those of individual facilities.
Section 313 of EPCRA requires EPA to establish an inventory of the toxic chemical!
releases and transfers of certain facilities. Facilities subject to TRI reporting
requirements (see below) must complete a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory
Reporting Form (Form R) for each toxic chemical that they manufacture, process or
otherwise use in excess of established thresholds. The Form R, which is due to the
EPA and the states by July 1 of each year, covers activities occurring at the facility
during the previous calendar year. In addition, the law mandates that EPA compile
the Form R reports into an annual inventory of releases and transfers—the Toxics
Release Inventory—and make the inventory available to the public in a computer-
ized database.
14
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The Toxics Release Inventory: An Introduction
WHO MUST REPORT TO TRI?
TRI requirements for 1989 covered facilities in all 50 states and other U.S.
jurisdictions, including the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the
Northern Mariana Islands, and the U. S. Virgin Islands, which met the following
conditions:
•
they manufactured (defined to include importation) or processed in excess of
25,000 pounds any of the 302 individual chemicals and 20 chemical categories
listed for required TRI reporting or they used in any other manner 10,000 pounds
or more of a TRI chemical (termed "otherwise used");
• they were engaged in general manufacturing activities (meaning that they were
classified within Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes 20-39; see
Appendix C for full list); and,
« they employed the equivalent of ten or more full-time employees.
Facilities that meet the requirements for filing a Form R must report to EPA even if
they have no releases or transfers.
WHICH TOXIC CHEMICALS WERE REPORTED FOR 1989?
The 1989 TRI reporting requirements covered 302 individual toxic chemicals and
20 categories of chemical compounds. A list of these chemicals and categories is
contained in Appendix B.
The TRI chemicals vary widely in the frequency, amounts, and industrial processes
in which they are used. The list runs from familiar chemicals, such as ammonia,
benzene, and copper, to more obscure chemicals, such as 4-
dimethylaminoazobenzene. TRI chemicals are manufactured not only as products,
but also are incorporated into a wide variety of other products such as solvents,
disinfectants, dyes, and catalysts, to name a few.
The original list of TRI chemicals also covered a range of toxicity. Some of these
chemicals may cause immediate effects at low levels, some may cause similar
effects only after prolonged low-level exposure, and others may not cause effects
until very high concentrations are reached. (See Chapter 3, Box 3-B.) These latter
chemicals may be subject to removal (delisting) from the TRI list as a part of EPA's
ongoing review process. (See Chapter 2, Box 2-A and Chapter 3, Box 3-F.)
-------
Chapter 1
WHAT CONSTITUTES A TRI RELEASE OR TRANSFER?
TRI calls for facilities to report the amounts of the listed toxic chemicals that are
released directly to air, water, land, or injected in underground wells. In addition,
facilities must report amounts of chemicals that are transported (transferred) off site
to facilities that treat, store, or dispose of the chemical wastes. Releases and transfers
include, but are not limited to, the following:
• emissions of materials to the air;
• wastewater discharges into rivers, streams, or other bodies of water;
• releases to land on site, including landfill, surface impoundment, land treatment,
or other mode of land disposal;
• disposal of wastes in underground injection wells;
• transfers of wastewater to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs), hereafter
referred to as transfers to POTWs or transfers to public sewage; and,
• transfers of wastes to other off-site facilities for treatment, storage, or disposal.
Both routine releases and accidental spills or leaks must be reported. Facilities must
report even if their releases comply with all environmental laws and permits. TJiU
data do not indicate regulatory violations on the part of facilities because many of
the chemicals are regulated for some types of releases and not others.
Each release or transfer is the amount of TRI chemical in the waste being released
or transferred. Throughout this report reference is made to TRI releases and/or
transfers. This is the amounts (pounds) of TRI chemicals in these categories. (Sise
Chapter 3, Box 3-A for a further discussion of releases and transfers.)
WHAT TO REPORT?
EPA requires that facilities submit a complete TRI data form (EPA Form R) for each
TRI chemical they manufactured, processed, or otherwise used in 1989 if they met
the threshold and other requirements established by TRI. In other words, a facility
that must report on four TRI chemicals must submit four separate forms. TRI
information is reported on a five-page form, a sample of which is reproduced in
Appendix A. The basic information required by the form falls into six categories:
• Facility Information. In addition to a facility's name and address, TRI requires
reporting of the following: a technical and a public contact person, geographical
data (latitude, longitude, and county name), various business and regulatory
16
-------
The Toxics Release Inventory: An Introduction
identification numbers, and the names of receiving streams or water bodies.
Information on the facility's parent company is also required. (See Chapter 8 for
further discussion of required facility information.)
• Activity and Use Information. The identity of the TRI chemical being reported,
along with information on the activities involving the chemical at the facility and
the maximum quantity present on site during the reporting year. (See Chapter 3 for
further discussion of maximum quantity on-site reporting.)
• Chemical Releases and Transfers. Annual quantities of the TRI chemical released
on-site to air, water, land, or underground injection and quantities transferred to
off-site facilities.
• Off-site Transfer Information. The names, addresses, and other identifying
information for all sites (including POTWs) to which the reporting facility
transfers wastes containing the TRI chemical. The type of treatment, storage, or
disposal at the off-site locations (excluding (POTWs) is also reported.
• Waste Treatment. TRI also calls for data on the types of on-site methods used to
treat wastestreams containing TRI chemicals and the efficiency of these methods
in removing the TRI chemicals. Release and transfer amounts are reported after
any such treatment.
• Waste Minimization. TRI forms for 1989 included an optional section allowing
facilities to report activities that reduced their waste generation and the effect that
these activities had on their generation of TRI chemical wastes (prior to waste
treatment).
EPCRA, TRI AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW
A primary intent of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
is to provide the public with information on toxic chemicals in their communities.
This report is one vehicle by which data collected under the Act are being made
available. The information may also be obtained in either printed or electronic
format through other means. (See Box 1-A.)
The National Library of Medicine (NLM) has worked with EPA to establish a
publicly available database of TRI information. The TRI data are part of NLM's
Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET) system. Users with a personal computer or a
terminal and conventional communications software can call into the NLM system
to obtain TRI data for a nominal fee. Chapter 8 discusses this and additional means
by which the public may obtain TRI data.
17
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Chapter 1
adf4d^^i^ "
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'p/i micfoSc&e for feoife state data at»4 A» nation^ iow«ittay.
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^I^<»«^
LIMITATIONS OF TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY
REPORTING
Subsequent chapters of this report show how TRI offers insights into industrial
sources of environmental releases and transfers of chemicals. Like any information
system, however, TRI has limitations that must be accounted for in any responsible
use of the data. Limitations include the chemicals and facilities covered and the
quality of the data estimated and reported. A further limitation is the lack of
information on the specific reasons why changes occurred from year to year at a
given facility.
TRI Coverage of Toxic Chemical Releases and Transfers
The set of chemicals identified forreporting under TRI was drawn by Congress from
lists developed independently by the states of Maryland and New Jersey for their
own reporting purposes. The chemicals vary widely in toxicity, and in some cases
small reported releases of highly toxic chemicals may be of more concern than
larger releases of less toxic chemicals. Moreover, the list of chemicals currently
covered does not include all toxic chemicals of concern being released or transferred
-------
The Toxics Release Inventory: An introduction
by facilities into the environment. EPA maintains an on-going process of reviewing
the TRI chemicals, adding new chemicals of concern, or deleting chemicals that are
no longer of concern.
Toxic chemical wastes are generated from many different sources, including
manufacturing and non-manufacturing industrial processes, use and disposal of
consumer products, agricultural uses of chemicals, and mobile sources such as
automobiles. TRI reporting requirements only cover manufacturing industries.
Other businesses, such as warehouses, dry cleaners, and mining operations, may be
substantial sources of chemical releases and transfers, but are not currently included
under TRI reporting requirements.
Furthermore, not all manufacturing releases of TRI chemicals are covered by the
reporting requirements. Facilities with fewer than ten full-time employees, and
those manufacturing, processing, or using the designated chemicals below threshold
amounts, are not required to report. Federal facilities, including those operated by
the Department of Defense, are not legally required to report, although EPA has
encouraged them to do so.
TRI facilities that are able to justify their need to claim a trade secret are permitted
to report all TRI information under a generic chemical name, although these reports
account for only a small fraction of the total TRI releases and transfers in each year
of TRI reporting.
Data Quality
TRI only requires facilities to report data that are already known or reasonably
ascertainable to them. EPA does not require companies to verify the data that they
submit. Thus, much of the data reported were estimated with unknown accuracy.
However, as facilities have gained experience in reporting, TRI data quality is
considered to be improving. For this year's report, comparisons of the 1989 data will
be made primarily to the 1988 data, because the 1988 data are considered to be more
accurate than data for 1987.
FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH TRI REQUIREMENTS
Facilities that fail to comply with the TRI reporting requirements may be the subject
of enforcement actions by EPA and assessed civil penalties of up to $25,000 per day
per chemical for each violation. The penalty may be much higher if a facility failed
to report several TRI chemicals, because each failure to report is considered a
separate violation.
TRI DATA AND RISK
This report contains aggregate information on the on-site release of toxic chemicals
to the environment and the transfer of these chemicals to off-site locations for
treatment, storage, or disposal. This information alone does not indicate the risk
19
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Chapter 1
these chemicals pose to human health or to the environment. As mentioned above,
small releases of highly toxic chemicals may pose greater risks than very large
releases of less toxic materials. A determination of risk depends on the individual
release conditions, such as type and frequency of release, extent of exposure,
environmental conditions, and so on. TRI data are best used to suggest cases in
which more detailed assessments of risk might be necessary. Throughout this report,
readers should bear in mind the highly variable nature of TRI chemicals, and the fact
that large amounts of TRI releases do not necessarily translate into a large potential
for toxic effects. (See Chapter 3, Box 3-B.)
TRI REPORTING CHANGES .
For the 1989 TRI reporting year, the reporting threshold for manufacturing oir
processing a chemical was lowered, as mandated by EPCRA legislation. In 1988,
facilities were required to report to TRI if they manufactured or processed in excess
of 50,000 pounds of a listed toxic chemical. In 1989, the thresholds for manufactur-
ing and processing were reduced to 25,000 pounds for each. The threshold foir
"otherwise use" has remained at 10,000 pounds of TRI chemical per year.
Since the 1988 TRI National Report, EPA removed (delisted) terephthalic acid from
the TRI list, after determining that there were not sufficient data to support toxicity
concerns for the chemical. The delisting of terephthalic acid did not greatly affect
TRI total releases and transfers. Chapter 2 discusses the role of terephthalic acid in
the TRI database in greater detail.
SCOPE OF THBS REPORT
This report analyzes TRI data at the facility, state, and national level. Also examined
are the federal, state, and local programs developed to facilitate public access and
response to TRI data, as well as those promoting pollution prevention.
Chapter 2 discusses the impact of revisions and other changes to the database, as:
well as the delisting of terephthalic acid, upon TRI data for all three years. This:
chapter is primarily intended for readers who are familiar with TRI National Reports:
from prior years, although it would be useful to any reader interested in an overview
of changes to the TRI data.
Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 are the overall presentations of the TRI data for 1989.
While Chapter 3 summarizes the data for the current year, Chapter 4 discusses the
1989 TRI totals in relation to other years, primarily 1988, and examines the major
changes.
Chapter 5 presents the currently available TRI waste minimization data, both for
1989 and the previous TRI reporting years. It also describes the Pollution Prevention
Act of 1990 and how it will expand TRI reporting requirements in future years.
20
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The Toxics Release Inventory: An Introduction
Chapters 6 and /each focus upon various responses to TRI data. Chapter 6 analyzes
the status of the 17 chemicals and chemical categories included in EPA's 33/50
Program, prompted by the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990. This chapter focuses
upon the place of these 17 chemicals within overall TRI data and upon the industries
contributing heavily to their releases and transfers. Chapter 7 details the federal,
state, local, and regional initiatives which have been motivated by TRI data and by
EPCRA. This chapter also describes the status of TRI chemicals in other testing and
regulatory programs.
Chapter 8 provides the interested reader with guidance for using the TRI database.
Included in this chapter is a detailed discussion of the nature of the information
submitted to EPA by TRI facilities, as well as its implications for the TRI database,
and an analysis of yearly variations in the database. Also briefly discussed are the
forms of TRI data available to the public.
NOTES
Facility-specific information (other than that obtained from the TRI database) was derived by
telephone communication, except where otherwise noted.
21
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22
Photo: Monsanto
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CHAPTER 2. CHANGES TO 1987 AND 1988 Toxics RELEASE INVENTORY DATA
INTRODUCTION
Many changes have been made to the TRI database since the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) described the 1987 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) data
in the June 1989 report, The Toxics Release Inventory, and the 1988 data in the
September 1990 TRI report, Toxics in the Community: National and Local
Perspectives. EPA is continually updating the TRI database to incorporate revisions
and late reports submitted by facilities and to make corrections in the database. In
addition, changes have been made to the list of chemicals subject to TRI reporting.
Since 1989 reporting, EPA has removed (delisted) terephthalic acid and three
copper pigments from the TRI list.1 (See Box 2-A.) Overall, the picture of releases
and transfers for 1987 and 1988 has changed very little, as a result of these changes,
from that described in the September 1990 report.
This chapter explains why and how the current version of the 1987 and 1988 data
used in the analyses in this 1989 TRI National Report differs from the 1987 and 1988
data previously reported in the 1988 TRI National Report. The chapter is primarily
for the benefit of readers who are already familiar with the 1987 and 1988 TRI data,
found in the National TRI Reports covering those years or in other accounts based
on those reports.2 Other readers, for whom this report is a first introduction to TRI,
may wish to read only the last section of this chapter, which summarizes the current
1988 data (excluding terephthalic acid) that will be used for comparisons to 1989
throughout the remainder of this report.
TYPES OF CHANGES TO TRI DATA
The TRI data for reporting years 1987 and 1988 shown in this report will in some
instances vary from the previous version of TRI data for 1987 and 1988 contained in
the 1988 TRI National Report. These variances are principally the result of revisions
to TRI data submitted by facilities to EPA. These data changes are presumed to
result in more accurate data. Thus, the current version of the TRI data for reporting
years 1987 and 1988 contained in this report is likely to more accurately reflect
chemical releases and transfers than the 1988 version of the National Report or other
analyses based on earlier versions of the database.3
EPA accepts revisions to previous years' data to account for companies' increased
knowledge of the reporting requirements of the Toxics Release Inventory or of their
own operations involving TRI chemicals. Revisions may be the result of improved
estimation techniques or other factors. An example of a change due to improved
understanding is that many facilities originally reported mineral acid discharges
(such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, or hydrochloric acid) to surface water, or
transfers of mineral acids to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) or other off-
EPA has revised and
corrected the 1987 and 1988
TRI data and has deleted
several chemicals from the
TRI list since Its 1988 TRI
National Report.
Revisions submitted by
facilities account for most of
the changes to the 1987 and
1988 TRI data.
23
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Chapter 2
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-^c|iAjJo^^^
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24
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Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRIData
BOX 2-A, continued
lei
tee
jgq^feaBfe<€fC-liS) - -
Jf 8? to
1^8^ data id
data M the detofed ciieinicats.
Md £fM»iygeS mthiS jSepftrt,, other ffiaa
site facilities, even when the mineral acid wastes had been neutralized prior to
discharge or transfer. However, mineral acids that are neutralized prior to release or
transfer should be reported as zero release or transfer. Many facilities have gone
back and updated their previous submissions to reflect this. These changes benefit
the database by providing a more accurate cross-year comparison.
Other types of changes to the database include the addition of data from late forms
and EPA's correction of data entry errors and other database problems. These
corrections are continually being made as needed. (See Chapter 8.)
CHANGES TO THE 1987 TRI DATA
The current 1987 data include 773 more facilities and 2,096 more forms than the
previous 1987 data as published in the 1988 TRI National Report. Revisions and
Changes to the TRI database
resulted In only a small net
other changes to the database resulted in a relatively small net change in total TRI andlransfers for 1987°
25
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Chapter 2
Table 2-1. Summary of Changes in 1987 TRI Data.
PREVIOUS 1987 DATA(a)
CURRENT 1987 DATA(b) CURRENT 1987 DATA(b)
(excluding delisted chemicals)(c)
Number of Facilities
Number of Forms
Total TRI Releases and Transfers (Pounds)
18,846
66,757
6,977,432,542
19,619
68,853
7,014,020,433
19,617
68,800
7,011,244,040
(a) Dal* as of April 6,1990, the version of the database used in the 1988 National Report.
(b) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
(c) This column excludes terephthalic acid, which was delisted after the 1989 reporting deadline. This is the only difference between the data
shown in this column and the proceeding column. All three columns reflect delistings made prior to the 1989 reporting deadline, and they
exclude all forms of aluminum oxide. (See Box 2-A.) The same applies to other tables and figures in this chapter with similar headings.
releases and transfers for 1987. That total changed from 6.98 billion pounds to 7.01
billion pounds, or under 1 percent more than previously reported. Changes to the
1987 data scarcely affected the nationwide environmental, geographical, or indus-
trial distribution of TRI totals. (See Table 2-1.)
Total direct releases to air, water, land and underground injection wells changed 2
percent, from 5.0 to 5.1 billion pounds, while total transfers to facilities that treat,
store, or dispose of wastes, including POTWs, changed almost 4 percent, from 2.0
to 1.9 billion pounds. Air emissions changed from 2.6 billion pounds to 2.7 billion
pounds, or 71.1 million pounds larger than previously reported. On-site releases to
water, land and underground injection wells, and transfers to public sewage were
also larger than previously reported, but changed by smaller amounts. While total
transfers decreased, only off-site transfers, and not transfers to public sewage, were
less than previously reported, a change of 75.2 million pounds. (See Table 2-2.)
Changes to 1987 data for most states and other TRI reporting jurisdictions were
relatively small. These changes resulted in small shifts in overall patterns of
geographical distribution. TRI total releases and transfers in Texas moved down--
ward by 27 million pounds, from 883.5 million pounds to 856.9 million pounds, and
in Louisiana moved upward by 13 million pounds, from 844.2 to 857.0 million
pounds. As a result, total TRI releases and transfers in 1987 were slightly larger in
Louisiana than in Texas. (See Table 2-3.)
Changes split fairly evenly among industries, producing only minor shifts in
industrial rankings. The changes resulted in a downward adjustment in total TRI
releases and transfers for six industries and an upward adjustment for 13 industries,,
The Paper industry had the largest upward adjustment (17.2 million pounds larger),
while the Chemical industry had the largest downward adjustment (12.4 million
pounds smaller). (See Table 2-4.)
26
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRIData
Similarly, few top-ranked chemicals were affected by data changes. Methanol
showed the largest change in TRI total releases and transfers (40.0 million pounds
larger), moving it from fourth largest to third largest for total TRI releases and
transfers. (See Table 2-5.)
HOW DELISTED CHEMICALS AFFECT CURRENT 1987
DATA
Since the 1988 TRI National Report, EPA removed (delisted) terephthalic acid from
the TRI list because the Agency determined there were not sufficient data to support
toxicity concerns for the chemical. The following section describes how the current
1987 data are affected if terephthalic acid is excluded from the totals, as it is
throughout the rest of this report. The exclusion of delisted chemicals makes the data
from prior reporting years comparable to data from subsequent years.
Adjusting for the removal of terephthalic acid does not greatly affect the aggregate
totals for the current 1987 TRI data, which already reflects previous delistings.
Facilities reported the release and transfer of 2.8 million pounds of terephthalic acid
in 1987, or 0.04 percent of total TRI releases and transfers for 1987. (See Table 2-
6.) Removal of terephthalic acid drops the total TRI releases and transfers for that
year from 7.014 billion pounds to 7.011 billion pounds. (See Table 2-1.)
Terephthalic acid totals were not evenly distributed across states, industries, or type
of environmental release. However, terephthalic acid represented a small portion of
the totals, and the adjustment for terephthalic acid does not affect the rankings of
releases and transfers for 1987, by type of release or transfer, by state or other
reporting jurisdiction, or by industry.
Terephthalic acid has been
deleted from the TRI list
since the 1988 TRI National
Report.
The 1987 TRI total drops by
2.8 million pounds when
terephthalic acid is sub-
tracted.
Table 2-2. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers: Previous and Current 1987 Data.
TYPE OF RELEASE/TRANSFER PREVIOUS 1987 DATA(a) CURRENT 1987 DATA(b) CURRENT 1987 DATA(b)
(excluding delisted chemicals)
Pounds Percent Pounds Percent Pounds Percent
Air
Surface Water
Land
Underground
Total Releases
Public Sewage
Off-Site
Total Transfers
2,575,968,562
403,072,288
730,895,340
1,298,736,401
5,008,672,591
614,834,961
1,353,924,990
1,968,759,951
36.92
5.78
10.48
18.61
71.78
8.81
19.40
28.22
2,647,021,136
411,413,602
736,708,835
1,319,128,528
5,114,272,101
621,025,083
1,278,723,249
1,899,748,332
37.74
5.87
10.50
18.81
72.91
8.85
18.23
27.09
2,646,562,852
411,337,177
736,695,585
1,319,128428
5,113,724,142
620,972,725
1,276,547,173
1,897,519,898
37.75
5.87
10.51
18.81
72.94
8.86
18.21
27.06
Total Releases and Transfers
6,977,432,542 100.00
7,014,020,433 100.00
7,011,244,040 100.00
(a) Data as of April 6, 1990, the version of the database used in the 1988 National Report.
(b) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
27
-------
Chapter 2
Table 2-3. TRI Total Releases arid Transfers by State: Previous and Current 1987 Data.
STATE PREVIOUS 1987 DATA(a)
Pounds Rank
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
Sooth Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL
137,371,499
36,116,006
56,250
73^93,460
80,819,715
227,243,845
20,686,628
61,782,879
16380,748
0
303,881,804
144,537,387
3,251,517
17,295,379
266,457,734
256,797,097
53,410,874
134,864,113
120,587,051
844,168,455
20,014,629
43,296,676
72,617,029
268,882394
63,726,041
164,281,523
194,188,617
34,470,134
19,464/120
2,288,293
19,145,059
172,675,162
21,775,058
194,344,217
138,049,052
1,072,921
411,114,056
56,767,725
36,115,002
228,145364
23,742,284
13,692,203
85,655,766
3,093,401
293,726,678
883,548,503
252,944,126
2,565,828
2,123,058
216,151,241
41,533,699
66,618,005
96,712,911
33,789,026
6,977,432,542
19
34
53
25
24
11
40
29
45
54
4
17
47
44
7
8
31
20
21
2
41
32
26
6
28
16
14
36
42
50
43
15
39
13
18
52
3
30
35
10
38
46
23
48
5
1
9
49
51
12
33
27
22
37
CURRENT 1987 DATA(b) CURRENT 1987 DATA(b)
(excluding delisted chemicals)
Pounds Rank Pounds Rank
140,002,005
38,049,252
27,750
73364,952
81,430,737
230,124,038
20,683,049
61,415,477
14,879,000
0
304,203,462
144,410,220
3,190,308
20,235,238
273,083,202
258,944,627
54,611,028
135,396,762
122,744,422
857,025,287
20320,231
43,621,076
74,592,205
268,937331
66,805,909
164,688,623
180,643,714
34,470,134
19,674,673
3399,743
19,279,910
174,702,414
21,775,058
192,517,595
142,384,201
1,075,533
421,258342
57,096,728
37,012,026
230,915^00
23,885,898
14,719,187
88,677,529
3,093,401
293,596,122
856,939,856
252,302,704
2,192,828
2,123,058
227,614,658
44,979,258
65,582369
95,624,673
33,697,130
7,014,020,433
19
34
53
26
24
11
40
29
45
54
4
17
48
42
6
8
31
20
21
1
41
33
25
7
27
16
14
36
43
47
44
15
39
13
18
52
3
30
35
10
38
46
23
49
5
2
9
50
51
12
32
28
22
37
139,904,755
38,049,252
27,750
73364,952
81,430,737
230,123,788
20,683,049
61,414,977
14,879,000
0
304,203,462
144,406,250
3,190,308
20,235,238
273,069378
258,906,627
54,611,028
135,396,762
122,744,422
857,025,287
20320,231
43,621,076
74,591,166
268,937331
66,805,909
164,688,623
180,643,714
34,470,134
19,674,673
3399,743
19,279,910
174,696,005
21,775,058
192,511,831
141,337,456
1,075,533
421,257342
57,096,728
37,012,026
230,914,750
23,885,898
14,719,187
87,650,797
3,093,401
293,568,667
856,932,215
252,302,704
2,192,828
2,123,058
227,231,658
44,979,258
65,467,105
95,623,673
33,697,130
7,011,244,040
19
34
53
26
24
11
40
29
45
54
4
17
48
42
6
8
31
20
21
1
41
33
25
7
27
16
14
36
43
47
44
15
39
13
18
52
3
30
35
10
38
46
23
49
5
2
9
50
51
12
32
28
22
37
Ka) Data as of April 6,1990, the version of the database used in the 1988 National Report.
(b) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
28
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRI Data
Table 2-4. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by Industry: Previous and Current 1987 Data.
SIC INDUSTRY
CODE
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
TOTAL
PREVIOUS 1987 DATA(a) CURRENT 1987 DATA(b) CURRENT 1987 DATA(b)
(excluding delisted chemicals)
Pounds Rank Pounds Rank Pounds Rank
67,048,081
7,268,625
68,613,808
2,650,724
31,804,406
61,182,687
377,958,408
63,380,815
3,331,892,430
182,108,630
190,996,017
41,965,475
57,634,258
947,963,814
233,597,136
78,172,754
220,944,128
296,186,174
78,145,426
35,558,546
579,638,062
22,722,138
6,977,432,542
13
21
12
22
19
15
4
14
1
9
8
17
16
2
6
10
7
5
11
18
3
20
66,500,670
7,268,625
67,965,969
2,709,835
32,342,544
65,166,552
395,148,751
71,200,630
3,319,477,595
176,693,200
194,437,019
32,577,268
59,055,730
958,272,396
241,406,904
77,831,560
222,529,336
300,889,604
78,795,702
37,006,141
582,812,531
23,931,871
7,014,020,433
14
21
13
22
19
15
4
12
1
9
8
18
16
2
6
11
7
5
10
17
3
20
66,500,670
7,268,625
67,789,187
2,709,835
32,340,494
65,166^52
395,148,751
71,200,630
3,316,931,884
176,686,450
194,437,019
32,577,268
59,055,730
958,272,396
241,406,904
77,831,560
222,529,336
300,889,604
78,795,702
37,006,141
582,767,431
23,931,871
7,011,244,040
14
21
13
22
19
15
4
12
1
9
8
18
16
2
6
11
7
5
10
17
3
20
(a) Data as of April 6, 1990, the version used in the 1988 National Report.
(b) Data as of April 19, 1991
, the version used in this
1989 National Report.
Off-site transfers, other than to public sewage, accounted for the largest portion of
the terephthalic acid total (78 percent). Terephthalic acid represented less than 0.2
percent of total off-site transfers, other than to public sewage, for 1987. Air
emissions accounted for another 16 percent of terephthalic acid releases and
transfers. Terephthalic acid represented less than 0.02 percent of total air emissions
for 1987. (See Table 2-2.)
North Carolina and South Carolina had the largest releases and transfers of tereph-
thalic acid among TRI reporting jurisdictions, contributing 38 percent and 37
percent of the total TRI amounts for that chemical, respectively. Still, terephthalic
acid represented only 0.7 percent of North Carolina's total TRI releases and
transfers and 1 percent of South Carolina's total. The chemical was released in much
smaller quantities in 16 additional states. (See Table 2-3.)
The Chemical industry accounted for over 91 percent of the releases and transfers of
terephthalic acid. Terephthalic acid represented less than 0.1 percent of the Chemi-
cal industry's 1987 total, however. Only three other industries (Textile Mill Prod-
ucts, Petroleum Refining, and Lumber and Wood Products) reported any releases or
transfers of the chemical. (See Table 2-4.)
29
-------
Chapter 2
For complete listings of current 1987 data, excluding terephthalic acid, for compari-
son to 1988 and 1989 data, see Appendix E, Tables E1-E5 and Figures E-l and E-2.
CHANGES TO THE 1988 TRI DATA
As discussed above under "Types of Changes to TRI Data," EPA has updated the
1988 TRI data to incorporate revisions and late reports submitted by facilities as
well as EPA-initiated database corrections and changes. In particular, significant
changes were made to the amounts of releases and transfers reported by several
facilities. Some of these changes were noted in Box 3-C in the 1988 TRI National
Report, and as footnotes to several tables, but were not reflected in the analyses in
that report because they were received after the data for the report had been
compiled.
Table 2-5. The 25 Chemicals with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers: Previous
and Current 1987 Data.
CHEMICAL
PREVIOUS 1987 DATA(a)
Pounds Rank
CURRENT 1987 DATA(b)
Pounds Rank
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Methanol
Ammonia
Toluene
Phosphoric acid
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Zinc compounds
1,1,1-Trichloro ethane
Copper
Dichloromethane
Carbon disulfide
Chlorine
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Zinc (fume or dust)
Nitric acid
Freon 113
Trichloroethylene
Ethylene
Styrene
Olycol ethers
Manganese compounds
Ethylene glycol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS ,
GRAND TOTAL
814,932,127
644,856,938
478,195,883
435,550,127
402,143,039
362,178,333
340,343,982
252,961,335
224,213,405
197,310,127
193,484,430
189,130,017
170,892,545
155,627,785
136,423,873
121,511,240
115,406,312
97,538,784
75,078,121
64,410,204
62,206,897
60,942,381
59,433,848
58,622,937
57,269,705
50,002,667
5,820,667,042
1,156,765,500
6,977,432,542
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
819,811,808
629,430,160
461,180,636
475,580,381
407,877,084
374,224,061
.349,150,324
257,737,211
212,014,063
200,222,071
194,342,566
194,262,283
171,787,897
157,976,591
136,423,873
121,613,188
113,623,178
100,710,674
87,483,284
65,846,024
64,061,370
61,669,073
42,158,046
60,329,644
61,319,527
50,795,771
5,820,835,017
1,193,185,416
7,014,020,433
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
31
24
23
25
(a) Data as of April 6, 1990, the version of the database in the 1988 National Report.
(b) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database in this 1989 National Report.
30
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRIData
Table 2-6. TRI Releases and Transfers of Terephthalic Add,
1987 and 1988 Current Data (a).
TYPE OF RELEASE/TRANSFER
TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
1988 1987
Pounds Pounds
Air
Surface Water
Land
Underground
Total Releases
Public Sewage
Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers
Total Releases and Transfers
Percent of TRI Grand Total
848,180
23,883
2,809,977
0
3,682,040
54,245
2,886,993
2,941,238
6,623,278
0.10
458,284
76,425
13,250
0
547,959
52,358
2,176,076
2,228,434
2,776,393
0.04
Total For All Others 6,426,484,611 7,011,244,040
TRI Grand Total 6,433,107,889 7,014,020,433
(a) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
Table 2-7. Summary of Changes In 1988 TRI Data.
PREVIOUS 1988 DATA(a)
CURRENT 1988 DATA(b) CURRENT 1988 DATA(b)
(excluding delisted chemicals)
Number of Facilities 19,762
NumberofForms 71,131
TRI Total Releases and Transfers (Pounds) 6,241,030,746
21,147
75,259
6,433,107,889
(a) Data as of April 6,1990, the version of the database used in the 1988 National Report.
(b) Data as of April 19, 1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
The current 1988 data include 1,385 more facilities and 4,128 more forms than the
previous 1988 data reported in the 1988 TRI National Report. The total releases and
transfers reported in these data changed the database from 6.2 billion pounds to 6.4
billion pounds, or 3 percent larger than previously recorded. (See Table 2-7.)
Total direct releases to air, water, land, and underground injection changed 5
percent, from 4.57 to 4.78 billion pounds, while total transfers off site to POTWs
and other facilities that treat, store, or dispose of wastes changed 1 percent, from
1.67 billion pounds to 1.66 billion pounds. Specifically, releases to air and under-
ground injection were, respectively, 7 percent and 10 percent larger than previously
reported, while on-site releases to surface water and land were, respectively, 14
percent and 4 percent smaller than previously reported. Transfers to public sewage
were 0.08 percent larger, while transfers to other off-site locations were 2 percent
smaller than previously reported. These changes resulted in some small shifts in the
environmental distribution of total TRI releases and transfers. (See Figure 2-1 and
Table 2-8.)
21,144
75,194
6,426,484,611
Changes to the 1988 TRI
data resulted In a small net
change In total releases and
transfers for 1988.
31
-------
Chapter 2
Table 2-8. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers: Previous and Current 1988 Data.
TYPEOFRELEASEflRANSFER PREVIOUS 1988DATA(a)
Pounds Percent
CURRENT 1988 DATA(b) CURRENT 1988 DATA(b)
(excluding delisted chemicals)
Pounds Percent Pounds Percent
Air
Surface Water
Land
Underground
Total Releases
Public Sewage
Off-Site
Total Transfers
2,427,570,103
361,594,238
561,556,882
1,215,343,908
4,566,065,131
570,551,308
1,104,414,307
1,674,965,615
38.90
5.79
9.00
19.47
73.16
9.14
17.70
26.84
2,596,489,763
309,585^00
537,320,984
1,334,164,262
4,777460,509
570,982,925
1,084^64,455
1,655447,380
40.36
4.81
8.35
20.74
74.27
8.88
16.86
25.73
2,595,641,583
309,561,617
534,511,007
1,334,164,262
4,773,878,469
570,928,680
1,081,677,462
1,652,606,142
40.39
4.82
8.32
20.76
74.28
8.88
16.83
25.72
Total Releases and Transfers
6,241,030,746 100.00
6,433,107,889 100.00 6,426,484,611 100.00
(a) Data as of April 6,1990, the version of the database used in the 1988 National Report.
(b) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
Public Sewage
9%
Off-site
17%
Underground
21%
Surface Water
5%
Current Data Total: 6.4 Billion Pounds
Data changes resulted In some
shifts In the geographical
distribution for 1988.
Figure 2-1. Environmental Distribution of TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988 Currant!
Data. (Data as of April 19,1991, excluding delisted chemicals.)
Data changes for several states were relatively large. These changes resulted in some
shifts in the overall geographical distribution. For example, Texas and Louisiana
switched between number one and number two rankings, as reported in the 1988
National Report and this report, for total releases and transfers in the United States
in reporting year 1988. The first place ranking of Texas was noted in the 1988 TRI
National Report, but was not reflected in the tables and analyses throughout that
32
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRIData
Table 2-9. TRI Total Releases and
Transfers by State: Previous and Current 1988 Data.
STATE PREVIOUS 1988 DATA(a)
Pounds Rank
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
84,062,842
26,476,465
29300
74,657306
72,272,458
201,568,789
21,132,981
53,449,946
10,692,005
1,000
249,655,746
131,410,860
2,964,331
15,105,613
251,302,153
276,346,921
58,668,674
174,468,243
131,319,642
741,206,814
21,965,123
33340,174
70,821,565
231,681,301
65306319
120,820,916
184,627355
35,467330
22,649337
4,874,292
15,171304
162,741,774
24,398,821
172,106,105
136,857,071
1394,580
375,989,294
'51,720,309
33,604,243
201,102,129.
28,842,935
12368,955
82,177334
3,059,629
249,417,227
724,477,706
137,472,389
2,374,596
1,633,634
196,619,903
50,338,221
57,901379
105,049,429
45,464,978
22
38
53
24
25
9
42
30
46
54
6
18
49
44
5
4
28
13
19
1
41
36
26
8
27
20
12
34
40
47
43
15
39
14
17
52
3
31
'35
10
37
45 .
23
•48
7
2
16
50
51
11
32
29
21
33
CURRENT 1988 DATA(b) CURRENT 1988 DATA(b)
(excluding delisted chemicals)
Pounds Rank Pounds Rank
134,144345
25,835,408
29300
76371,876
73,646304
201,145,891
20315392
54,074,965
11,433,629
1,000
157,842399
134,333,420
2,990,331
15,413,798
255,835,959
278,485310
59,728379
175,678,901
119,369,745
767,322,419
22,410,829
33,700,863 ,
67,656,004
248,188,792
67,696352
124,951,451
174,291,061
35,483,710
22,054,650
3,203,848
15,626,045
167,428,301
30,690,321
173,344,219
139,379,133
1,405,179
366,426,700
56,175,944
33,937,750
212,888,712
29,020,010
14334383
84,745,617
3,133,336
254,567,815
882,245,450
139,379,010
2374,414
1,633,634
198,412,692
51,037398
61,644,748
103,861374
45377,973
19
39
53
24
25
9
42
31
46
54
15
18
49
44
5
4
29
11
21
2
40
36
27
7
26
20
12
34
41
47
43
14
37
13
16
52
3
30
35
8
38
45
23
48
6
1
17
50
51
10
32
28
22
33
133,823,095
25,835,408
29300
76371,876
73,646304
201,145,891
20315392
54,074,963
11,433,629
1,000
157,842399
134,327,682
2,990,331
15,413,798
255,795,896
278,474,410
59,728379
175,678,901
119,369,745
767,322,419
22,410,079
33,700,863
67,655,031
248,188,792
67,696352
124,951,451
174,291,061
35,483,710
22,054,650
3,203,848
15,626,045
167,422375
30,690321
173,337,442
135,700,224
1,405,179
366,424331
56,175,944
33,937,750
212,887,962
29,020,010
14334383
82,708,402
3,133,336
254,482,845
882,235358
139,379,010
2,374,414
1,633,634
198,127,692
51,037398
61313,704
103,860,824
45377,973
19
39
53
24
25
9
42
31
46
54
15
18
49
44
5
4
29
11
21
2
40
36
27
7
26
20
12
34
41
47
43
14
37
13
17
52
3
30
35
8
38
45
23
48
6
1
16
50
51
10
32
28
22
33
TOTAL
6,241,030,746
6,433,107,889
6,426,484,611
(a) Data as of April 6,1990, the version of the database used in the 1988 National Report.
(b) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this!989 National Report.
33
-------
Chapter 2
report, because the changes to the database that resulted in this ranking were not
made until after the data for the report had been compiled. Total releases and
transfers in Louisiana for 1988 changed by 26.1 million pounds, from 741.2 million
pounds to 767.3 million pounds, a 4 percent increase. Total releases and transfers in
Texas changed by 157.8 million pounds, from 724.5 million pounds to 882.2 million
pounds, a 22 percent increase. (See Table 2-9.)
Large changes were also made to the total releases and transfers of facilities
reporting in Alabama and Florida. Totals in Alabama changed from 84.1 million
pounds to 134.1 million pounds, a change of 60 percent. As a result, Alabama moved
up in TRI rank from number 22 to number 19 for total releases and transfers. Current
1988 data totals in Florida became 92 million pounds smaller than previously
reported, a 37 percent decrease from 249.7 million pounds to 157.8 million pounds.
Florida changed rank from number six to number 15 for total releases and transfers
nationwide. Other states with large changes in releases and transfers include
Michigan, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, Kentucky, Missouri, and Ohio.
Some changes were made In
the total releases and
transfers for tho top-ranked
chemicals In 1988.
Changes to the 1988 data produced only small shifts in the industrial distribution of
TRI totals. The Chemical industry had the largest change in total releases iind
transfers between previous and current data. Totals for the Chemical industry
changed by 161.1 million pounds, or 6 percent larger than previously reported, while
changes for several industries resulted in smaller totals than previously reported:
Paper (29.2 million pounds less, 6 percent change); Tobacco (13.0 million pounds
less, 86 percent change); and Leather and Leather Products (10.4 million pounds, 28
percent change). The change in total TRI amounts reported by the Tobacco industry
is a large percentage change, because in 1988 that industry ranked next to lowest for
total TRI releases and transfers, indicating that a decrease of 13.0 million pounds
would represent a relatively large share of its total releases and transfers. The
Tobacco industry's change can be largely attributed to a Georgia Pacific facility in
Brunswick, Georgia which corrected its SIC code from 21 (Tobacco) to 26 (Paper);
this change was noted in the 1988 TRI National Report. (See Table 2-10.)
Revisions and other changes to the 1988 data resulted in some differences in the total
releases and transfers for the top-ranked chemicals and produced small shifts in the
ranking of the chemicals. Carbon disulfide showed one of the largest changes, 41.6
million pounds, resulting in a 33 percent larger total than previously reported.
Carbon disulfide changed in rank from 17th to 15th largest for total TRI releases and
transfers. Adjustments in previous data for ammonium sulfate (solution), ammonia,
dichloromethane, and methanol resulted in larger totals than previously reported.
On the other hand, the changes in release and transfer amounts for several mineral
acids (phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid) resulted in smaller
totals for these chemicals than previously reported. These changes may be in part the
result of facilities revising their estimates to correct for the fact that mineral acids
that have been neutralized are supposed to be reported to TRI as a zero amount of
release or transfer rather than the amount that was neutralized. (See Table 2-11.)
34
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRI Data
Table 2-10. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by Industry: Previous and Current 1988 Data.
SIC INDUSTRY PREVIOUS 1988 DATA(a CURRENT 1988 DATA(b) CURRENT 1988 DATA(b)
CODE (excluding delisted chemicals)
Pounds Rank Pounds Rank Pounds Rank
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
72,901,891
15,058,947
59,325,071
1,919,695
33,368,043
62,795,289
370,343,051
60,541,926
2,883,479,294
104,236,707
189,126,061
37,806,234
55,182,710
857,866,507
215,112,500
75,332,062
182,384,794
261,180,095
64,367,648
36,043,356
579,516,521
23,142,344
11
21
15
22
19
13
4
14
1
9
7
17
16
2
6
10
8
5
12
18
3
20
74,661,932
2,043,866
56,155,873
1,791,580
34,699,804
69,796,539
. 341,154,953
71,164,372
3,044,592,324
105,043,707
194,467,628
27,365,484
60,636,262
859,637,567
222,726,927
81,243,000
183,382475
274,984,804
77,304,683
39,465,007
590,112,901
20,676,101
12
21
16
22
18
14
4
13
1
9
7
19
15
2
6
10
8
5
11
17
3
20
74,661,932
2,043,866
55,772,745
1,791,580
34,690,254
69,796,539
341,154,953
71,164,372
3,038,435,724
105,025,957
194,467,128
27,365,484
60,636,262
859,637,567
222,726,927
81,243,000
183,382475
274,984,804
77,304,683
39,465,007
590,057,151
20,676,101
12
21
16
22
18
14
4
13
1
9
7
19
15
2
6
10
8
5
11
17
3
20
TOTAL
6,241,030,746
6,433,107,889
6,426,484,611
(a) Data as of April 6,1990, the version of the database used in the 1988 National Report.
(b) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
HOW DELISTED CHEMICALS AFFECT CURRENT 1988
DATA
As mentioned above, since the 1988 TRI National Report, EPA has removed
(delisted) terephthalic acid from the TRI list because the Agency determined there
were not sufficient data to support toxicity concerns for the chemical. The following
section describes how the current 1988 data change if terephthalic acid is excluded
from the totals, as it is throughout this report. Excluding delisted chemicals makes
1988 data more readily comparable to data from 1989 and subsequent years.
Adjusting for the removal of terephthalic acid does not greatly affect the aggregate
totals for the current 1988 TRI data. Facilities reported the release and transfer of 6.4
million pounds of terephthalic acid in 1988, or 0.10 percent of total TRI releases and
transfers for 1988 (See Table 2-6 on p.9). Removal of terephthalic acid drops the
total TRI releases and transfers for 1988 from 6.433 billion pounds to 6.426 billion
pounds. (See Table 2-7.)
The 1988 TRI total drops by
6.4 million pounds when
terephthalic acid is re-
moved.
35
-------
Chapter 2
Table 2-11. The 25 Chemicals with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers: Previous and Current 1988
Data.
CHEMICAL PREVIOUS 1988 DATA(a)
Pounds Rank
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Sulfuric acid
Ammonia
Toluene
Acetone
Phosphoric acid
Zinc compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Manganese compounds
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Carbon disulfide
Nitric acid
Freon 113
Zinc (fume or dust)
Glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol
Copper compounds
Trichloroethylene
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
745,528,007
635,720,989
435,639,693
386,060,541
356,101,165
333,315,437
249,703,395
241,602,716
209,127,626
181,771,506
180,418,488
156,490,232
147,050,483
134,212,442
114,926,157
107,223350
82,748,299
81,288357
68,545,125
66,013,145
62,255,269
55,713,223
53,087,237
52,616,792
52,004,930
5,189,164,604
1,051,866,142
6,241,030,746
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
CURRENT 1988 DATA(b)
Pounds Rank
797,584,853
625,649,199
455,128,084
361,866,996
386,590,599
349,388,787
256,870,228
198,390,464
207,190,179
190,607,150
194,137,772
161,203,453
147,810,634
155,059,038
115,390,045
105,151,890
124,361,347
88,835,422
73,763,331
68,630,760
64,889,165
55,694,015
64,178,993
57,816,129
53,701,608
5,359,890,141
1,073,217,748
6,433,107,889
1
2
3
5
4
6
7
9
8
11
10
12
14
13
16
17
15
18
19
20
21
24
22
23
25
CURRENT 1988 DATA(b)
(excluding delisted chemicals)
Pounds Rank
797,584,853
625,649,199
455,128,084
361,866,996
386,590,599
349,388,787
256,870,228
198,390,464
207,190,179
190,607,150
194,137,772
161,203,453
147,810,634
155,059,038
115,390,045
105,151,890
124,361347
88,835,422
73,763,331
68,630,760
64,889,165
55,694,015
64,178,993
57,816,129
53,701,608
5,359,890,141
1,066,594,470
6,426,484,611
1
2
3
5
4
6
7
9
8
11
10
12
14
13
16
17
15
18
19
20
21
24
22
23
25
(a) Data as of April 6, 1990, the version of the database used in the 1988 National Report.
(b) Data as of April 19, 1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
Terephthalic acid totals were not evenly distributed across states, industries, or type
of environmental release. However, terephthalic acid represents a small portion of
the totals, and the adjustment for terephthalic acid does not affect the rankings of
releases and transfers for 1988, by type of release or transfer, by state or reporting
jurisdiction, or by industry.
Off-site transfers and on-site releases to land accounted for the largest portions of the
terephthalic acid total (44 and 42 percent, respectively). Terephthalic acid repre-
sented less than 0.3 percent of total off-site transfers and only 0.5 percent of total
releases to land for 1988. (See Table 2-8.)
36
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRIData
North Carolina and South Carolina had the largest releases and transfers of tereph-
thalic acid, contributing 56 percent and 31 percent, respectively, of total TRI
amounts for this chemical. Terephthalic acid represented 2.6 percent of North
Carolina's 1988 total releases and transfers and 2.4 percent of South Carolina's total.
The chemical was released in much smaller quantities in 15 additional states and
reporting jurisdictions. (See Table 2-9.)
Although terephthalic acid represented less than 0.2 percent of the Chemical
, industry's TRI releases and transfers in 1988, the Chemical industry accounted for
over 92 percent of the 1988 TRI releases and transfers of terephthalic acid. Only four
other industries (Textiles, Petroleum, Lumber, and Plastics) reported any releases or
transfers of the chemical. (See Table 2-10.)
THE CURRENT 1988 TRI TOTALS, EXCLUDING DELISTED
CHEMICALS: DATA FOR COMPARISON TO 1989
The current 1988 TRI data, excluding delisted chemicals, are used in mis year's
National Report as the basis of comparison with 1989 data. The 1988 TRI data are
also the baseline for comparisons in the 33/50 Program. (See Chapter 6.) The reason
for this decision is primarily the higher quality of the database for reporting year
1988, as compared to 1987. Because 1987 was the first year of reporting under TRI,
facilities had no experience with the process. For 1988, reporting facilities were
more experienced with TRI and generally submitted more accurate data. In addition,
the quality of data entry improved from 1987 to 1988, and many improvements to
the database have been made, such as the standardization of some items. (See
Chapter 8.) For these reasons, FJ>A believes that the 1988 TRI data provide a more
accurate picture of toxic chemical releases in the United States than do the 1987 TRI
data.
The following sections present the current 1988 data, excluding delisted chemicals.
The data exclude chemicals delisted before the 1989 reporting deadline, tereph-
thalic acid, and all forms of aluminum oxide. These summary data are used
throughout this report whenever comparisons to 1989 data are made.
Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and
Transfers, 1988
Overall, 21,144 manufacturing facilities reported a total of 6.4 billion pounds of
environmental releases and transfers of chemicals in wastes for 1988. Three-
quarters of this amount (4.8 billion pounds) was released on site directly into the air,
water, land, or underground wells; the other quarter (1.7 billion pounds) was
transferred off site to waste management facilities such as POTWs, incinerators, or
landfills. (See Table 2-8.)
The 1988 TRI data are used
as the basis of comparison
with 1989 TRI data.
Facilities released and
transferred 6.4 billion
pounds of TRI chemicals in
1988.
37
-------
Chapter 2
Air emissions were the
largest of all the release and
transfer categories.
25 chemicals comprised
83% of the 1988 TRI total.
Mineral acids/salts and non-
halogenated organic
chemicals accounted for
69% of the 1988 TRI total.
Larger amounts of TRI chemicals were emitted to air in 1988 than were released on
site to water, land, or underground injection, or were transferred off site. Over one--
third (2.6 billion pounds) of the TRI total was emitted to air. Underground injection
wells received 1.3 billion pounds (21 percent). Facilities disposed of 534.5 million
pounds (8 percent of the TRI total) on land at the facility site and discharged 309.6
million pounds (5 percent) to surface water. (See Figure 2-1 and Table 2-8.)
In addition to direct releases to the environment, TRI facilities transferred 570.9
million pounds of TRI chemicals (9 percent of the TRI total) to POTWs and
transferred another 1.1 billion pounds (17 percent) to off-site facilities (other than
POTWs) for treatment, storage, or disposal. Together, these transfers comprised 26
percent of the TRI total.
Major Chemicals in TRI, 1988
The 25 chemicals with the largest current TRI totals (adjusted for delisted chemi-
cals) accounted for 83 percent (5.4 billion pounds) of all TRI releases and transfers:
in 1988. Ammonium sulfate (solution) and hydrochloric acid together made up one-
fifth of all releases and transfers and were the only chemicals with a TRI total of
greater than 500 million pounds each. A total of 17 TRI chemicals and chemical;
categories were released and transferred in quantities of over one million pounds,,
while 82 chemicals were reported in amounts smaller than 1,000 pounds, or not al
all. (See Table 2-11.)
Individual chemicals played distinctive roles in the distribution of releases and
transfers. Ammonium sulfate (solution) accounted for over one-third of TRI dis-
charges to underground injection, one-third of TRI transfers to POTWs, and one-
fifth of TRI releases to surface water. Phosphoric acid, ammonium sulfate (solu-
tion), and sulfuric acid accounted for three-quarters of all discharges to surface
water. Ammonium sulfate (solution) and hydrochloric acid accounted for over two-
thirds of all discharges to underground wells. Zinc compounds and manganese
compounds represented 37 percent of all on-site land releases. Releases to air were
more evenly distributed over a broader range of chemicals. Of the top seven
chemicals for total TRI releases and transfers, six were also the top chemicals for
releases to air, accounting for over 50 percent of air releases in 1988. Ammonium
sulfate (solution) and methanol accounted for over half of transfers to public
sewage. (See Table 2-12.)
Two chemical classes-mineral acids/salts5 and non-halogenated organics-accounted
for 69 percent of TRI releases and transfers for 1988.6 Non-halogenated organics
accounted for 35 percent of the TRI total, while mineral acids/salts accounted for 34
percent. Releases to air were dominated by non-halogenated organics, which
accounted for 58 percent of air emissions. The class of mineral acids/salts dominated
discharges to surface water, accounting for 79 percent of such discharges, as well as
constituting 87 percent of discharges to underground injection wells in 1988. Metals
and metal compounds comprised the largest portion of TRI releases to land (74
percent). Transfers to public sewage were mostly made up of mineral acids/salts (57
38
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRI&ata
Table 2-12.. Environmental Distribution of the 25 Chemicals with the Largest TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988 Current
Data (a), Excluding Delisted Chemicals.
TRI CHEMICAL
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ammonium sulfatc (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Ammonia
Snlfuricacid
Toluene
Acetone
Zinc compounds
Phosphoric mcid
1,1,1-Trichloroemane
Xylene (mixed tsomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethanc
Chlorine
Carbon disulfide
Manganese compounds
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Nitric acid
FreonllS
Zinc (fame or dost)
Qycoi ethers
Copper compounds
Trichloroethylene
Ethylene glycol
n*Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
AIR
Pounds
715,824
59,157,413
219,902,305
273,248,627
16,858,801
279,098,033
201,804,056
7,148,533
1,824.577
173,827,947
148,959342
129,633,557
127,592367
133,483^55
123,893367
1,666,253
2,946,157
11,039,482
67,426,079
3385,725
47,842,531
4345,960
51,422,615
13394395
37,519,177
2,138,136,478
457,505,105
2,595,641,583
SURFACE
WATER
Pounds
70533,465
3^)47,399
16,640,067
24,274,559
36,746,708
256,256
1,134,507
1,051,933
122,650,414
96,280
204,008
76,743
347,594
6,659,900
39,237
681,638
8,436,348
1,472,340
32,629
849,294
238,286
184309
13,800
3,743,401
150,610
300,861,725
8,699,892
309,561,617
LAND
Pounds
13,425305
4,175,637
12,735399
8,659,916
3,608,355
734,325
423,091
114,741,901
51,791,692
187,646
560,532
155,299
157,155
428,097
43,186
83,873,034
16,022,104
1330,445
27,799
27,016,965
104,421
444123373
21,190
897,807
175,794
386,220,668
148,290339
534,511,007
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds
520,144,631
396,940339
26352320
50,702,149
138,707333
1,436,666
3,117,541
104,016
543>61
1,000
122,728
258,762
664,750
107,624
13,400
6,815,820
674)41,000
25,4854130
5,965
279,010
362,198
167,457
390
2,897,139
3,009,660
1,245,692,789
88,471,473
1334,164,262
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Pounds
187,698362
35,895,804
112,9684125
23,273,890
54,424308
3,545,661
14,110,213
1,509,445
13,804,117
304,625
4,158,563
933,074
24163,249
3,137,620
159369
1,842,325
7,595,242
23,298,790
104,693
840,678
8,676,061
425,039
79,126
17,067,214
4325,613
523,342,006
47,586,674
570,928,680
OFF-SITE
Pounds
4,667,266
125,532,607
66,529,068
6,431,458
111,521,491
64317,846
36,280,820
82,634351
8,264,703
19,720,274
36,601 4»77
30,146,018
233334123
34)94,038
212,788
203104)75
2,211,039
26,208,435
6,166,166
36,259,088
7,665,668
14,132,655
6,279,008
17,694,059
8320,754
765,636,475
316,040587
1,081,677,462
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
797,584,853
625,649,199
455,128,084
386.590,599
361,8664)96
349,388,787
256,870,228
207,190,179
198,390,464
194,137,772
190,607,150
161,203,453
155,059.038
147,810,634
124,361347
115,390,045
105,151,890
88,835,422
73,763331
68,630,760
64389,165
64,1784)93
57,816,129
55,694,015
53,701,608
5359,890,141
1.066394,470
6,426,484,611
1241
9.74
7X18
6.02
5.63
5/44
4.00
3.22
3.09
3.02
257
231
241
230
154
1.80
1.64
1.38
1.15
1.07
1.01
1.00
050
0.87
0.84
8340
16.60
100.00
(a) Data as of April 19, 1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
percent) and non-halogenated organics (35 percent). Non-halogenated organics,
mineral acids/salts, and metals and metal compounds represented about equal
portions of off-site transfers (33,27, and 28 percent, respectively). (See Figure 2-2
and Table 2-13.)
Carcinogens in TRI, 1988
Releases and transfers of the 123 carcinogens on the TRI list constituted approxi-
mately 7 percent (468.7 million pounds) of total TRI releases and transfers for 1988.
(Chapter 3 explains the definition of carcinogens used here and throughout this
report. Appendix B lists all TRI chemicals and indicates which are considered
carcinogens.) The 25 carcinogens with the largest releases and transfers accounted
for 98 percent of the total for all carcinogens. (See Table 2-14.)
Dichloromethane alone accounted for one-third (155.1 million pounds) of the
carcinogen total. Releases and transfers of styrene, the second-ranked carcinogen,
accounted for 9 percent (44 million pounds) of all TRI carcinogen releases and
transfers.
Carcinogens made up 7% of
the 1988 TRI total.
39
-------
Chapter 2
Million* of Pound*
3,000
2,500
Air Surface Water
I Mineral Aclda/Sall« 13 Organic*
Land Underground Public Sewage Off-»ite
3 Halo-Organic* ID Metal* D Non-metal*
Figure 2-2. Environmental Distribution by Chemical Class of TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988 Current Data.
Data as of April 19,1991, excluding clelisted chemicals.
Table 2-13. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1988 Current Data (a), Excluding
DeHstftd Chemicals.
CHEMICAL CLASS AIR
Pounds
Organlcs
Mineral Acids/Salts
Metals
Htlo-organics
Non-mcUIs
Mixtures
Trade Secrets
U17.743.853
106,638396
29,732,583
517,582,533
421,607,287
2,159,061
177,870
SURFACE
WATER
Founds
27,335,501
244,586,200
4,541,677
2,049,407
30,969,922
58,960
19,950
LAND
Pounds
20,330,846
90,475,509
394,617,720
684,170
28375,804
26,958
0
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds
116,710,489
1,155,621,473
7,944,721
3,047,006
50,840,573
0
0
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Pounds
201,766,177
324,577,974
9,504,011
8395,816
26,492,833
186,188
5,681
OFF-SITE
Pounds
353,003,219
288,475,466
306,907,290
92,222350
29,421,498
11,555,465
92,174
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
2,236,890,085
2,210375,018
753,248,002
623,981,282
587,707,917
13,986,632
295,675
34.81
34.39
11.72
9.71
9.15
0.22
0.00
TOTAL 2495,641,583 309,561,617 534,511,007 1334,164,262
(a) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
570,928,680 1,081,677,462 6,426,484,611 100.00
Over 60 percent of the total amount of the top 25 carcinogens was emitted to air, and
another 23 percent was transferred off-site to treatment, storage, and disposal
facilities (other than POTWs).
40
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRI Data
Table 2-14. The 25 Carcinogens with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers,
1988 Current Data (a), Excluding Delisted Chemicals.
CARC CHEMICAL TOTAL RELEASES
RANK AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Dichloromethane
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Benzene
Formaldehyde
Chloroform
Asbestos (friable)
Lead
Chromium
Acrylonitrile
1,2-Dichloroethane
Nickel
1,3-Butadiene
Ethylene oxide
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Carbon tetrachloride
Propylene oxide
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg strong acid process)
Vinyl chloride
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Epichlorohydrin
1,4-Dioxane
Acrylamide
Hexachlorobenzene
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR OTHER CARCINOGENS
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHER TRI CHEMICALS
GRAND TOTAL
155,059,038
44,105,951
37,760,219
32,240,533
30,294,966
26,882,013
26,881,508
22,124,055
21,477,835
10,823,106
9,678,918
8,857,710
7,450,951
5,130,144
5,108,185
5,029,696
4,720,951
3,557,333
2,893,619
2,113,831
2,061,951
1,265,862
1,168,883
1,032,979
970,287
468,690,524
7,374,446
476,064,970
5,950,419,641
6,426,484,611
PERCENT OF PERCENT OF =
GRAND CARCINOGEN
TOTAL TOTAL
2.41
0.69
0.59
0.50
0.47
0.42
0.42
0.34
0.33
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.12
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
7.29
0.11
7.41
92.59
100.00
32.57
9.26
7.93
6.77
6.36
5.65
5.65
4.65
4.51
2.27
2.03
1.86
1.57
1.08
1.07
1.06
0.99
0.75
0.61
0.44
0.43
0.27
0.25
0.22
0.20
98.45
1.55
100.00
(a) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
Geographical Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers,
1988
Texas and Louisiana ranked first and second for total TRI releases and transfers,
with 882.2 and 767.3 million pounds, respectively.(See Table 15.) Together, the
two states accounted for 26 percent of the 1988 TRI totals. Texas manufacturers
discharged the largest share of their TRI totals to underground injection wells (57
percent) and the second largest share to air (21 percent). Louisiana facilities also
discharged the largest share of their TRI totals underground (55 percent), with their
second and third largest shares going to surface water (21 percent) and air (20
Texas and Louisiana
accounted for 26% of the
1988 TRI totals.
41
-------
Chapter 2
Table 2-1 5.
Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by State, 1988 Current Data (a),
Excluding Delisted Chemicals.
TRI
RELEASE/
TRANSFER
RANK
19
39
53
24
25
9
42
31
46
54
15
18
49
44
5
4
29
11
21
2
40
36
27
7
26
20
12
34
41
47
43
14
37
13
17
52
3
30
35
8
38
45
23
48
6
1
16
50
51
10
32
28
22
33
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
FACILITIES
Number
404
6
2
181
324
1,814
182
431
61
District of Colombia 1
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
492
636
26
48
1,303
812
357
207
310
301
101
206
635
862
367
258
535
24
149
36
147
867
35
885
859
29
1,458
191
208
1,099
177
197
386
44
541
1,158
120
56
1
435
327
112
713
28
FORMS
Number
1,622
43
3
570
1,056
5,804
530
1,418
239
1
1,375
2,109
91
150
4,557
3,023
1,096
759
1,345
1,845
365
734
1,914
3,493
1,183
873
1,967
122
421
94
408
3,001
136
2,879
2,777
70
5^68
696
696
4,063
548
534
1,516
77
1,817
5345
447
152
18
1,488
995
674
.2,372
115
AIR
Pounds
103,776,591
21 ,559,455
29,500
16,524,427
48,144,044
87,576,268
11,544,097
25,163,260
5,255,245
250
50,510,607
84,540,402
874,145
4,167,683
106,469341
108,894,449
43480368
25,623,437
46,824,685
156,308,314
16,986,237
17,870,085
27364,455
104,664,073
52359,462
57,614,773
51,497333
2396,407
16,634,000
702,676
12,025,104
38,424,145
2,134,493
95,151,687
92,996,669
1,190,859
138,717,978
35,415,190
20,080,651
89,055341
15,663,614
7341,842
64,719,499
2,499,867
137,986,604
188,584344
121,213,290
1319,293
1,490,792
122,117,046
28,171,023
34,877,684
45,790,635
2,817,064
SURFACE
WATER
Pounds
7,028,175
4,270,715
0
9,850
7,446,947
10,841,490
89,262
6,080,120
574,601
250
6,954,327
3,114,036
10,000
296,220
14,169,602
4,919,826
1386,013
852,224
1,698,529
159,630,432
427,629
3,769,763
669383
1,161,419
2,753,804
2,292,657
1,940,914
124,874
309,718
250
522,962
1,417,157
750
2,073,539
693,840
1,800
5,789,574
367,955
304,196
4357,140
123,110
385395
1,402,086
2,400
6317,450
5,432,684
346,471
113,058
2300
19,874,790
13311390
3,163,397
492,893
42,050
LAND
Pounds
4397,573
1,470
0
53,666,705
1,938,400
8327,894
2,799,989
1,686,891
130,117
0
35,787,608
9,180,936
205,745
10343306
11328,036
63,074,424
635,730
485399
5,496,107
2,446,045
955,633
2,666,875
918316
18368,668
598,018
9,001,245
39,484,139
32,910,607
57,487
1,841,221
429,118
2,871,740
28,267,882
3,138,702
16,855,763
2352
30361,247
1,792,409
1,032,032
16,882,039
110,825
115,048
1,299,247
1
13382,064
53,963,001
15,220,877
24341
140342
5,065,455
914324
895376
6,937,071
15,274367
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds
1,734,717
1,018
0
0
7,036,201
1386,643
2300
250
0
0
34,651396
59,467
1,051,509
0
7340,184
34,820,400
0
90,767,460
30,000,250
423,480,276
0
2
4,000
8,254,322
0
46,806363
1,000
0
0
0
0
2300
0
251
0
0
56,920,293
6354,214
1
750
0
0
0
0
49,906,110
506,266,603
0
0
0
1373
0
0
250
27,113359
TOTAL
21,144
75,194 2395,641,583 309,561,617 534,511,007 1334,164,262 570,928,680
(t) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
42
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRIData
Table 2-15, continued.
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Pounds
1,181,076
1,000
0
4,545,448
1,110,236
49,769,799
677,098
2,952,254
2,777,469
250
16,658,111
8,386,480
835,250
484,374
59,890,106
14,011,107
6,315,114
3378,348
2381,707
3,538,703
2,733,209
3,990,356
15,994,256
16,656,741
5,983,733
1,367,239
67,039526
1312
875,885
20^05
506,940
55,278,775
36,116
24,876,264
6,880,589
52,681
24^85,482
514,095
7,067,786
15^32,035
8,026,055
1,937,624
2,665,860
156,884
24,723,756
40,473335
915,043
72,761
0
37,712,424
978,065
3^36,365
21,132^03
10350
OFF-SITE
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
15,504,963
1,750
0
1,825,446
7,970,676
43,043,797
5,202,446
18,192,188
2,696,197
250
13,280350
29,046361
13,682
122,215
56398,627
52,754,204
7,811,154
54371,833
32,968,467
21,918,649
1307,371
5,403,782
22,704,421
98,883369
6,001,335
7,868,974
14327349
50310
4,177,560
639396
2,141,921
69,428,058
251,080
48,096,999
18,273363
157,287
110,049,957
11,732,081
5,453,084
87360,457
5,096,406
4354,674
12,621,710
474,184
21,966,861
87315,191
1,683,329
644,961
0
13356,604
7,462,596
19,040,882
29307,472
120383
Pounds
133,823,095
25,835,408
29300
76371,876
73,646304
201,145,891
20315392
54,074,963
11,433,629
1,000
157,842399
134,327,682
2,990,331
15,413,798
255,795,896
278,474,410
59,728379
175,678,901
119,369,745
767,322,419
22,410,079
33,700,863
67,655,031
248,188,792
67,696352
124,951,451
174,291,061
35,483,710
22,054,650
3,203,848
15,626,045
167,422375
30,690321
173,337,442
135,700,224
1,405,179
366,424331
56,175,944
33,937,750
212,887,962
29,020,010
14334383
82,708,402
3,133,336
254,482,845
882,235358
139,379,010
2374,414
1,633,634
198,127,692
51,037398
61313,704
103,860,824
45377^73
Percent
2.08
0.40
0.00
1.19
1.15
. 3.13
0.32
0.84
0.18
0.00
2.46
2.09
0.05
0.24
3.98
4.33
0.93
2.73
1.86
1154
0.35
0.52
1.05
3.86
1.05
1.94
2.71
0.55
0.34
0.05
0.24
2.61
0.48
2.70
2.11
0.02
5.70
0.87
033
3.31
0.45
0.23
1.29
0.05
3.96
13.73
2.17
0.04
0.03
3.08
0.79
0.96
1.62
0.71
TOTAL
570,928,680 1,081,677,462 6,426,484,611 100.00
43
-------
Chapter 2
Table 2-16. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1988 Current Datofa), Excluding
Dellstod Chemicals.
TRI SIC INDUSTRY
RELEASE/ CODE
TRANSFER
RANK
FACILITIES FORMS AIR
Number Number Pounds
SURFACE
WATER
Pounds
LAND
Pounds
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds
12
21
16
22
18
14
4
13
1
9
7
19
IS
2
6
10
8
5
11
17
3
20
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
1,550
18
416
34
658
462
610
343
4,023
376
1,426
136
583
1426
2,798
953
1,666
1,124
365
395
1,395
287
2,887
48
921
58
1,868
1,757
2,407
719
21,045
3,110
3,554
386
1,391
5,905
8,455
2,517
5,270
4,695
1,047
1,002
5,362
790
20,741,798
925,144
36,600,202
1,102,649
29,655,851
63,449,789
214,214,878
60,761,366
841,990,290
55,632,457
163,978,279
14,292,925
25,810,737
236,176,078
125,080,222
57,314,854
119,271,427
210,004,437
51,315,350
29,555,598
226,232,681
11,534,571
3,417,244
13,050
1,049,617
250
100,819
2,111
37,883,402
32,090
231,082,520
3,228,820
630,492
680,755
991,433
17,690,853
1,516,348
473,769
769,245
369,876
685,863
54,024
8,595,137
293,899
3,322,848
750
196,446
40,849
52,930
74,936
10,486,465
41,566
129,944,343
2,526,759
175,837
353,215
3,042,996
288,722,148
4,271,255
215,483
1,464,142
1,237,763
490,743
273,341
85,023,765
2,552,427
3^24,659
0
0
0
0
0
0
40,000
1,089,332,591
20,486,919
3,004
0
6^80,250
40,922,970
490,120
0
43,720
82,600
250
1
172,656,366
812
21,144 75,194 2495,641,583 309,561,617 534,511,007 1,334,164,262
(») Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
percent), respectively. Releases in Texas and Louisiana accounted for over two-
thirds of nationwide releases to underground injection wells. Discharges to surface
water in Louisiana accounted for over half of the total TRI releases to surface water
in all reporting jurisdictions.
Nine states had TRI totals greater than 200 million pounds and together accounted
for over half (3.5 billion pounds) of TRI total releases and transfers in 1988.
Facilities in the Gulf Coast, Great Lakes, and Mid-Atlantic states, as well as
California, generally had the largest TRI releases and transfers, while smaller
amounts were generated in the Rocky Mountain and Great Plains regions of the
country.
The environmental distribution of TRI totals varied geographically. Facilities in
three-quarters of all states and other reporting jurisdictions emitted the largest share
of their releases and transfers to air. Facilities in five Western states (Montana, New
Mexico, Arizona, Idaho, and Nevada) disposed of most of their TRI wastes on sites
to land. Underground injection was the leading mode of release or transfer in fives
states (Wyoming, Texas, Louisiana, Kansas, and Hawaii). Missouri was the only
44
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRIData
Table 2-16, continued.
INDUSTRY
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-3
No codes 20-39
TOTAL
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Pounds
37,219,832
791,940
14,725,076
470,143
213,016
412,621
46,771,915
3,465,021
329,798,446
13,486,676
4,904,930
9,770,874
1,345,132
21,403,152
17,486,764
2,978,861
18,929,416
7,642,773
5,421,418
453,842
30,988,774
2,248,058
570,928,680
OFF-SITE TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
6,435,551
312,982
3,201,404
177,689
4,667,638
5,857,082
31,798,293
6,824,329
416,287,534
9,664,326
24,774,586
2,267,715
22,865,714
254,722,366
73,882,218
20,260,033
42,904,625
55,647,355
19,391,059
9,128,201
66,560,428
4,046,334
1,081,677,462
Pounds
74,661,932
2,043,866
55,772,745
1,791,580
34,690,254
69,796,539
341,154,953
71,164,372
3,038,435,724
105,025,957
194,467,128
27^65,484
60,636,262
859,637,567
222,726,927
81,243,000
183,382,575
274,984,804
77,304,683
39,465,007
590,057,151
20,676,101
6,426,484,611
Percent
1.16
0.03
0.87
0.03
0.54
1.09
5.31
1.11
47.28
1.63
3.03
0.43
0.94
13.38
3.47
1.26
2.85
4.28
1.20
0.61
9.18
0.32
100.00
jurisdiction in which facilities sent the largest portion of their TRI wastes (38
percent) to POTWs. New Jersey facilities transferred most of their TRI wastes off
site (41 percent). (See Table 2-15.)
Industrial Distribution of 1988 TRI Releases and Transfers
The Chemical industry and the Primary Metals industry generated more TRI
releases and transfers than any other industry in 1988, together accounting for 60
percent of the TRI total. The Chemical industry reported 3.0 billion pounds (47
percent of the TRI total), and the Primary Metals industry reported 859.6 million
pounds (13 percent). No other industry accounted for more than 350 million pounds
of TRI releases and transfers. The five industries with the smallest TRI totals
(Apparel and Other Finished Products made from Fabrics and Other Similar
Materials, Tobacco, Leather, Lumber, and Miscellaneous Manufacturing Indus-
tries) together accounted for less than 2 percent of the TRI total. (See Table 2-16.)
Chemical facilities reported more releases and transfers than any other industry in
every environmental category except land disposal. Facilities from the Primary
Metals industry reported the largest on-site disposals to land (288.7 million pounds).
The Chemical Industry
generated almost 1/2 of the
TRI total for 1988.
45
-------
Chapter 2
More than 1/2 of the 21,144
facilities that reported to TRI
In 1988 were In 10 •tales.
Just 50 facilities reported
37% of all releases and
transfers In 1988.
Underground injection and air emissions comprised 36 percent and 28 percent,
respectively, of the Chemical industry's total in 1988, while discharges to surface
water comprised only 8 percent. On-site land releases and off-site transfers ac-
counted for the largest portion of the Primary Metals industry totals (34 and 30
percent, respectively). The Paper industry, ranked fourth for total TRI releases and
transfers, reported air emissions as the largest fraction (63 percent) of its TRI totals,
and it was the fourth-largest contributor to total air emissions after the Chemiciil
industry, the Primary Metals industry, and the Multiple Codes category.
Facilities in TRI, 1988
Excluding facilities that reported only delisted chemicals, a total of 21,144 facilities
reported to TRI from all 50 states and from four of the other five reporting
jurisdictions: the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and
American Samoa. No facilities reported from the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands. More than half of the facilities were located in ten states. Each of
these ten states had more than 800 facilities reporting, for a total of 11,117 facilities.
California had the largest number of TRI facilities, with 1,814 facilities reporting in
1988. (See Table 2-15.)
The overall patterns of geographical, industrial, and chemical distribution were
heavily influenced by a small number of TRI facilities reporting large releases and
transfers. The 50 facilities with the largest total releases and transfers for 1988
reported 37 percent (2.4 billion pounds) of all releases and transfers reported by the
total of 21,144 TRI facilities in 1988. Five facilities reported amounts of over 100
million pounds each, and ten more reported more than 50 million pounds each. Four
of these top 15 facilities were located in Louisiana, three in Texas, and two in
Kansas. (See Table 2-17.)
46
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRIData
Table 2-17. Top 50 Facilities for Total Releases and Transfers, 1988 Current Data (a), Excluding Dalisted Chemicals.
TRI SIC FACILITY NAME CITY
RANK CODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
'31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
28
28
Mult
28
33
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
33
33
20
28
28
33
33
33
28
28
28
28
33
38
28
28
28
28
33
28
36
Mult
28
28
Mult
33
Monsanto Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
Shell Oil Co. - Noico Mfg.
Du Pont Beaumont Works
Amax Magnesium
Vulcan Chemicals
BP Chemicals Green Lake
Freeport McMoran, Agrico Chcm. Div.
Fneport McMoran, Agrico Chem. Div.
Inland Steel Co.
BP Chemicals Inc.
Triad Chemical (b)
Du Pont Johnsonville Plant
Columbian Chemicals Co.
Racon Inc.
Du Pont Delislc Plant
Allied-Signal Inc.
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
Tennessee Eastman Co.
Avtex Fibers Front Royal Inc.
BASF Corp.
Arcadian Corp.
Monsanto Co.
Asarco Inc.
Asarco Inc.
Upjohn Co. (c)
Du Pont Louisville Works
DuPbnt
National Steel
Midwest Steel Corp.
Herculaneum Smelter
Allied-Signal Inc.
Wycon Chemical Co.
Monsanto Co.
Rltrol Corp.
Phelps Dodge Mining Co.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Unocal Chemicals Div.
Ciba-Geigy Corp.
Air Products & Chemicals Inc.
BASF Corp.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Pfizer Pigments Inc.
3M Mag Media & Consumer Prod.
Union Camp Corp.
Mississippi Chemical Corp.
Chevron Chemical Co.
Elkem Metals Co.
Copper Range Co.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
Alvin
Wcstwego
Norco
Beaumont
Tooele
Wichita
PortLavaca
Uncle Sam
Donaldsonville
East Chicago
Lima
Donaldsonville
New Johnsonville
Saint Louis
Wichita
Pass Christian
Hopewell
Lemoyne
Texas City
Kingsport
Front Royal
Geismar
Geismar
Cantonment
Hayden
East Helena
Pottage
Louisville
Victoria
Ecorse
Portage
Herculaneum
Elizabeth
Cheyenne
Cahokia
Vemon
Playas
Rochester
Kenai
Glens Falls
Pasadena
Lowland
Claypool
East Saint Louis
Hutchinson
Savannah
YazooCity
Rock Springs
Marietta
White Pine
COUNTY
Brazoria
Jefferson
St Charles
Jefferson
Tooele
Sedgwick
Calhoun
St James
St James
Lake
Allen
Ascension
Humphreys
St Louis
Sedgwick
Harrison
Hopewell City
Mobile
Galvcston
Sullivan
iVarren
Ascension
Ascension
Escambia
Gila
Lewis And Clark
Kalamazoo
Jefferson
Victoria
Wayne
Porter
Jefferson
Union
Laramie
StClair
Los Angeles
Hidalgo
Monroe
Kenai Peninsula
Warren
Harris
Hamblen
Gila
StClair
McLeod
Chatham
Yazoo
Sweetwater
Washington
Ontonagon
STATE TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
TX
LA
LA
TX
UT
KS
TX
LA
LA
IN
OH
LA
IN
MO
KS
MS
VA
AL
TX
TN
VA
LA
LA
FL
AZ
Mir
MI
KY
TX
MI
IN
MO
NJ
WY
IL
CA
MM
NY
AK
NY
TX
TN
AZ
IL
MN
GA
MS
WY
OH
MI
193,500,680
176,418,250
158,662,990
123,333,929
109,750,090
92,011,960
78,225,900
63327,150
61,820,000
61,364,500
57,746,450
54,919,664
52,691,910
52,477,645
51,221354
49,101,867
44,758,492
44,144,655
42,987,500
42,690,619
37,731,700
37350,244
37319,500
36,249,190
35530,150
32,968,162
31,512,450
31305,496
30,496,013
30309,133
29,404,715
28,890351
28,290,620
28,135,426
26,710,619
23,533,250
22,837,254
22,579,428
20,822,000
20,237,150
17,297340
17,218,950
16,909,011
16,760,052
16,645,979
16357,150
15,467,006
15.220,250
14,635474
14356^95
2364,636,763
4,061,847,848
6,426,484,611
3.01
2.75
2.47
1.92
1.71
1.43
1.22
0.99
0.96
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.82
0.82
0.80
0.76
0.70
0.69
0.67
0.66
0.59
0.58
0.58
0.56
0.56
0.51
0.49
0.49
0.47
0.47
0.46
0.45
0.44
0.44
0.42
0.37
0.36
035
0.32
0.31
0.27
0.27
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.23
0.22
36.80
63.20
100.00
(a) Data as of April 19,1991,the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
(b) Triad Chemical has submitted a revision to TRI of their 1988 releases and transfers. While the revision had been entered into the version
(April 19,1991) of the TRI database used in this report, the original submission had not been removed at that time. The revised amount for
their 1988 total releases and transfers is 27,252,982 pounds.
(c) The Upjohn Co. has submitted a revision to TRI of their 1988 releases and transfers. While the revision had been entered into the version
(April 19,1991) of the TRI database used in this report, the original submission had not been removed at that time. The revised amount for
their 1988 total releases and transfers is 13,209,150 pounds.
47
-------
Chapter 2
NOTES
1. Terephthalic acid was delisted after the 1989 reporting deadline, so facilities did submit forms
describing their releases and transfers of this chemical. These data have been excluded from
analyses throughout this report Delistings of other chemicals occur periodically. See Box 2-A for
the status of delistings that have occurred or are proposed.
2. The TRI National Reports covering the 1987 and 1988 data are available from the EPCRA Hotline ait
800-535-0202.
3. For purposes of this report, "previous" 1987 and 1988 data refers to data from the April 6,1990
version of EPA's TRI database, which were used in the 1988 TRI National Report; and "current"
1987 and 1988 data refers to data from the April 19,1991 version of the database, which are used in
this report. Previous 1987 and 1988 data are only discussed in this chapter; the other chapters of this
National Report are based on the April 19,1991 data for the TRI reporting years 1987,1988, and
1989.
4. These three copper pigments (C.I. Pigment Green 7, C.I. Pigment Blue 15, and C.I. Pigment Green
36) were included within the chemical category "copper compounds," which will still exist as a
chemical category under TRI reporting requirements.
5. Prior to 1989 reporting, sodium hydroxide (solution) was deleted from the TRI chemical list.
Because this chemical represented the single base in this TRI class, the chemical class name "acids/
bases/salts," used in the 1987 and 1988 National Reports, has been changed to "mineral acids/salts"
throughout this report. See Chapter 2, Box 2-A for further discussion of the reporting of mineral
acids.
6. The TRI chemical classes are: non-halogenated organics; mineral acids/salts; metals and metal
compounds; halogenated organics; and non-metallic inorganics. (See Chapter 3.) In figures and
tables throughout this report, class names are abbreviated as: organics; mineral acids/salts; metals;
halo-organics; and non-metals.
48
-------
Changes to 1987 and 1988 TRI Data
Photo: Sheila A. Ferguson
49
-------
Photo: EPA DocuAmerica
50
-------
CHAPTER 3.1989 Toxics RELEASE INVENTORY DATA
OVERVIEW
In 1989,22,569 facilities reported to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), submitting
a total of 81,891 forms. Of these facilities, 92 percent (20,812 facilities) reported
environmental releases and transfers totaling 5.7 billion pounds, while the remain-
ing 8 percent reported no releases or transfers of TRI chemicals. Of this total, 74
percent was released directly into air, water, land or underground injection wells,
and the other 26 percent was transferred off site to either public sewage or other off-
site treatment, storage, or disposal facilities. (See Figure 3-1; Box 3-A; and Chapter
4, Table 4-1.)
TRI releases and transfers can be examined from a variety of complementary
perspectives, and the following analyses examine the major factors influencing TRI
totals, which are: the chemicals involved (major chemicals, chemical classes, and
carcinogens), their environmental distribution (mode of environmental release and
transfer), their geographical pattern (states, counties and cities), their industrial
distribution (types of industries contributing heavily to releases and transfers, such
as the Chemical or Primary Metals industries), and the major facilities involved.
While the examination of these elements of the TRI data is necessary to a broad
understanding of the factors determining the overall patterns of TRI releases and
transfers, these analyses cannot be directly translated into the potential human and
environmental risks posed by such releases. (See Box 3-B and discussion in this
chapter on health and environmental effects.)
TRI releases and transfers
totaled 5.7 billion pounds In
1989.
Public Sewage
10%
Off-site
16%
Underground
21%
Surface Water
3%
1989 Total: 5.7 Billion Pounds
Figure3-1. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers in 1989.
51
-------
Chapter3
eecetye JE^xiqi jnateri4& These wastes «re itiemfoie
at». poteatiat S» tothat atiitatlda i» tlte ^tyimt^
SHhje«a:che«ii?al$ |o varying degrees awl ^eg ^'
aottftrnf an4A» Itmcity ttf chet&icate that aj^j%3ease
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
trichlorethylene as number 24 for overall TRI releases and transfers (while
trichloroethane moved to number 26 for 1989 total TRI releases and transfers).
Ammonium sulfate (solution) and hydrochloric acid once again ranked as the top
one and two TRI chemicals, respectively, and together accounted for 22 percent (1.2
billion pounds) of all TRI releases and transfers. (See Figure 3-2 and Table 3-1.)
Table 3-1. The 25 Chemicals with the Largest TRI
Releases and Transfers, 1989.
TRI CHEMICAL TOTAL RELEASES FORMS WITH RELEASES TOTAL FORMS (b)
RELEASE/ AND TRANSFERS AND TRANSFERS (a)
TRANSFER
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Ammonia
Toluene
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Manganese compounds
Carbon disulfide
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Chromium compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
Pounds
750,649,064
495,609,047
408,119,093
377,248,848
322,521,176
318,395,014
255,502,080
185,442,035
185,026,191
164,799,357
156,992,642
141,428,470
130,355,581
119,825,790
100,150,670
98,660,456
74,861,200
73,313,949
67,837,298
65,736,857
57,792,359
57,487,663
54,465,732
50,881,050
50,095,319
4,763,196,941
942,473,439
5,705,670,380
Percent
13.16
8.69
7.15
6.61
5.65
5.58
4.48
3.25
3.24
2.89
2.75
2.48
2.28
2.10
1.76
1.73
1.31
1.28
1.19
1.15
1.01
1.01
0.95
0.89
0.88
83.48
16.52
100.00
Forms
301
2,536
2,418
2,846
3,898
3,391
2,685
3,472
3,826
1,746
2,441
1,445
1,523
550
80
1,507
1,460
161
1,472
1,776
1,280
571
1,092
1,260
1,162
44,899
27,529
72,428
Percent
0.42
3.50
3.34
3.93
5.38
4.68
3.71
4.79
5.28
2.41
3.37
2.00
2.10
0.76
0.11
2.08
2.02
0.22
2.03
2.45
1.77
0.79
1.51
1.74
1.60
61.99
38.01
100.00
Number
376
3,250
2,521
3,120
3,942
5,547
2,723
3,525
3,893
1,935
2,464
1,779
1^52
638
90
2,638
1,924
222
1,483
1,822
1,469
625
1,254
1,363
1,177
51,332
30,559
81,891
Percent
0.46
3.97
3.08
3.81
4.81
6.77
3.33
4.30
4.75
2.36
3.01
2.17
1.90
0.78
0.11
3.22
2.35
0.27
1.81
2.22
1.79
0.76
1.53
1.66
1.44
62.66
37.32
100.00
AVERAGE
RELEASE/
TRANSFER
PERFORMS)
Pounds
1,996,407
152,495
161,888
120,913
81,817
57,399
93,831
52,608
47,528
85,168
63,715
79,499
83,992
187,815
1,112,785
37,400
38,909
330,243
45,743
36,080
39,341
91,980
43,434
37,330
42,562
. 92,792
30,841
69,674
(a) Forms reporting releases and transfers greater than zero.
(b) Total number of forms reporting the chemical, including those reporting no releases and transfers.
(c) Calculated based upon total number of forms.
53
-------
Chapters
OT0nfn^!(alJffi^suf0v^C^S&^^caH Several fae&H$ $tiwi£i&$&&. in
impactof-TMMeasetlidd'Imttste, ^ ^ f; s •.',-' *f&,:'
V'- Y ^*V '•.<.*"-$*• ^'^ '" ••'••" m£ JW-WM,^,'
-\ ^" A\'*V5-'^ A^'",, 5 ------.. ' ' ' '- V$C ^-.V<"" - -
X5> .-.,-"••• f ..i •!. •• t " ', ',,„',,',„ ' ,
TRl cherdlcaJte
. _
te. faelll&les, wiie^ tbe? j»ay iaa<%tf o;
oV to uitimate dispq^, The transfer
talj6» of BB@Sia
^ •* "• ~ <-%^. 5
' *'"
of a
q«&
extremely importaai
carbon dJsuifi,d$ is,
0^tf^bjfjjii|f
chemicals;^
satin; ch^mic?
absotpttoa th«3«g6
^teases aivd
(i^.4 miSloa pounds
IM
aH po»nd§, respeevey), Yef
than *iyfese waea chrisaie exp0sas
t
Iftaa
15
ae
s-^ >X%
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
BOX MX
Ibe Iftl Ilstll effect at &e
as io^vld^l eafirf.^. F
-------
Chapters ,
Of total 19S9 TRI releases
and transfers, 42% was
released to air.
Texas, the top state,
accounted for 14% of TRI
releases and transfers in
1989...
Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers
Larger amounts of TRI chemicals were emitted to air in 1989 than were released in
any other manner or transferred off site. Of the TRI total, 43 percent (2.4 billion
pounds) was released to air. Underground injection wells received the next greatesit
amount, 1.2 billion pounds (21 percent), followed by off-site transfers (913.1
million pounds or 16 percent), transfers to public sewage (551.0 million pounds or
10 percent), on-site land releases (444.7 million pounds or 8 percent), and, finally,
surface water discharges (189.0 million pounds or 3 percent). (See Figure 3-1.)
Geographical Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers
TRI reporting requirements cover the following jurisdictions: the 50 states, the
District of Columbia, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico,,
and the U.S. Virgin Islands. For purposes of this report, the term "states" includes all
50 states as well as the other reporting jurisdictions. In 1989 facilities from all 50
states, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands reported TRI
releases and transfers to EPA.
As in 1988, Texas was the state with the largest amount of TRI releases and
transfers. With its releases and transfers totalling 792.8 million pounds, Texas
claimed a significantly larger TRI total than the second-ranked state, Louisiana,
which had total TRI releases and transfers of 473.5 million pounds. Texas alone was
responsible for 14 percent of all TRI releases and transfers. (See Figure 3-3, Map 3-
1, and Table 3-2.)
Millions of Pound*
aoo
TO LA OH TN IN IL Ml PA FU KS CA MO UT AL NC VA NV NJ MS GA
• Release* ED Tran»fer«
Figure 3-3. The 20 States with the Urges! TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989.
56.
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-2. TRI Releases and Transfers by State, 1989.
TRI STATE
RELEASE/
TRANSFER
RANK
14
38
53
29
25
11
42
32
45
54
9
20
47
43
6
5
28
10
21
2
40
36
27
7
24
19
12
33
39
49
44
18
34
17
15
51
3
31
35
8
37
46
23
48
4
1
13
50
52
16
30
26
22
41
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
137,761,513
24,986,799
27,750
50,764,830
78,955,945
168,825,335
16^57,496
42,963,065
11,919,774
• 0
192,044,588
117,888,623
3,402,365
15,739,859
247,813,608
255,023,626
55,143,195
185,131,051
111,422,816
473,546,487
18,581,543
29,251,518
56,214,698
220,137^64
81,932,154
120,617,983
163,105,846
39,103,261
20,623,709
3,295,677
14392,899
124,333,859
34,173405
126,275,855
135,058,190
1358,104
358,677345
46,752,043
31,499,505
194,216,839
26,826,844
10,878,502
86,615,836
3351,837
263,400319
792,810307
148,915352
1570,055
1,274,235
134,592,526
48,706,760
58,992,213
99,963,906
18,050,866
2.41
0.44
0.00
0.89
1.38
2.96
0.29
0.75
0.21
0.00
3.37
2.07
0.06
0.28
4.34
4.47
0.97
3.24
1.95
8.30
0.33
0.51
0.99
3.86
1.44
2.11
2.86
0.69
0.36
0.06
0.25
2.18
0.60
2.21
2.37
0.02
6.29
0.82
0.55
3.40
0.47
0.19
142
0.06
4.62
13.90
2.61
0.03
0.02
2.36
0.85
1.03
1.75
0.32
FACUJTIESCa)
Number Percent
456
6
2
201
356
1,864
207
442
66
0
535
726
29
52
1379
890
386
238
350
310
112
230
678
912
433
301
588
25
158
43
149
839
41
906
923
25
1465
210
233
1,157
179
204
441
53
587
1,205
118
58
1
472
342
114
744
28
2.02
0.03
0.01
0.89
1.58
8.26
0.92
1.96
0.29
0.00
2.37
3.22
0.13
0.23
6.11
3.94
1.71
1.05
1.55
1.37
0.05
1.02
3.00
4.04
1.92
133
2.61
0.11
0.70
0.19
0.66
3.72
0.18
4.01
4.09
0.11
6.93
0.93
1.03
5.13
0.79
0.90
1.95
0.23
2.60
5.34
0.52
0.26
0.00
2.09
1.52
0.51
3.30
0.12
TOTAL FORMS(b)
Number Percent
1,796
48
3
651
1,163
5,962
623
1,461
270
0
1468
2,468
101
169
5,018
3,298
1,199
904
1400
1,835
386
805
2,055
3,800
1,400
1,088
2,279
122
469
100
411
3,155
166
2,935
3,062
75
5,922
753
784
4,449
557
556
1,778
108
2,064
5,899
457
148
19
1,660
1,106
670
2,488
128
2.19
0.06
0.00
0.79
1.42
7.28
0.76
1.78
0.33
0.00
1.91
3.01
0.12
0.21
6.13
4.03
1.46
1.10
1.83
2.24
0.47
0.98
2.51
4.64
1.71
133
2.78
0.15
0.57
0.12
0.50
3.85
0.20
338
3.74
0.90
7.23
0.92
0.96
5.43
0.68
0.68
2.17
0.13
2.52
7.20
0.56
0.18
0.02
2.03
1.35
0.82
3.04
0.16
AVERAGE
RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
PER FACILITY
Pounds
302,109
4,164,467
13,875
252461
221,786
90472
79,022
97,202
180,603
0
358,962
162381
117323
302,690
179,705
286443
142,858
777,862
318351
1427,569
165^07
127,181
82513
241379
189,220
400,724
277391
1464,130
130430
76.644
96497
148,193
833400
139377
146325
54324
229,187
222,629
135,191
167,862
149,871
53326
196,408
63^42
448,723
657534
1,261,995
33566
1,274,235
285,154
142.417
517,476
134360
644,674
TOTAL
5,705,670,380 100.00
22469 100.00
81,891 100.00
252,810
(a) Total number of facilities reporting to TRI, including those reporting zero releases and transfers.
(b) Total number of forms reporting, including those reporting zero releases and transfers.
57
-------
Chapters
Million of Pounds
• > 500
200 to 500
1 100 to 200
H 50 to 100
D 0 to 50
Map 3-1. TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989.
Number
• > 1,000
500 to 1,000
H 100 to 500
1 to 100
Map 3-2. Facilities Reporting to TRI, 1989.
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
The majority of facilities reporting TRI releases and transfers were located in states
in the eastern half of the country and in Texas and California. Relatively fewer
facilities were located in states in the western half of the U.S. (See Map 3-2.)
As in 1988, California had the largest number of facilities (1,864) reporting to TRI,
accounting for 8 percent of all facilities reporting. Four other states, Ohio, Illinois,
Texas, and Pennsylvania, also had over 1,000 facilities each reporting to TRI. (See
Table 3-2.)
State TRI releases and transfers were often concentrated in just a few counties and
cities. Brazoria, Texas, and Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, were the number one- and
two-ranked counties in 1989. These counties each contributed a significant portion
to their state's total releases and transfers, representing 28 and 41 percent of the total
releases and transfers in Texas and Louisiana, respectively. (See Table 3-3.) The
city of Alvin, Texas, located in Brazoria County, was the top-ranked city and
... and California accounted
for 8% of all facilities
reporting to TRI.
A single county in Louisiana
represented 41% of the
state's total releases and
transfers in 1989.
Table 3-3. The Top 25 Counties with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989.
TRI
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
COUNTY
Brazoria
Jefferson
Sedgwick
Ascension
Harris
Tooele
Jefferson
Los Angeles
Polk
Lake
Calhoun
Cook
St Louis
Humphreys
Mobile
Allen
Wayne
Jefferson
Galveston
Sullivan
Hopewell City
St Clair
Harrison
Lewis And Clark
Shelby
SUBTOTAL
STATE
TX
LA
KS
LA
TX
UT
TX
CA
FL
IN
TX
IL
MO
TN
AL
OH
MI
KY
TX
TN
VA
IL
MS
MT
TN
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Number
225,447,996
196,108,289
154,109,629
141,752,206
132,825,660
119,458,175
111,046,679
79,856,790
75,673,943
72,486,534
69,008,250
66,559,508
65,188,780
62,226,193
58,492,275
58,001,380
57,535,048
56,767,217
52,783,494
49,181,587
46,748,824
46,470,224
42,896^17
36,632,896
33,442,929
2,110,700,823
3,594,969,557
5,705,670,380
PERCENT OF
TRI TOTAL
Percent
3.95
3.44
2.70
2.48
2.33
2.09
1.95
1.40
1.33
1.27
1.21
1.17
1.14
1.09
1.03
1.02
1.01
0.99
0.93
0.86
0.82
0.81
0.75
0.64
0.59
36.99
63.01
100.00
PERCENT OF
STATE TOTAL
Percent
28.44
41.41
83.24
29.93
16.75
80.22
14.01
47.30
39.40
28.42
8.70
26.86
39.97
23.62
42.46
16.17
26.14
50.95
6.66
18.67
34.73
18.75
35.56
93.68
12.70
STATE
TOTAL
Pounds
792,810,307
473,546,487
185,131,051
473,546,487
792,810,307
148,915,352
792,810,307
168,825335
192,044^88
255,023,626
792,810307
247,813,608
163,105,846
263,400319
137,761,513
358,677,545
220,137364
111,422,816
792,810307
263,400,319
134,592,526
247,813,608
120,617,983
39,103,261
263,400319
59
-------
Chapters
Tabla 3-4. Th« 50 CHI»» with the Largost TRI Total Roloasas and Transfers, 1 989.
TRI CITY
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Alvin
Westwego
Wichita
Toocle
Beaumont
Geismar
Saint Lonis
PortLavaca
New Johnsonvillc
East Chicago
Lima
Donaldsonville
Mulberry
Louisville
Texas City
Axis
Pasadena
Kingsport
Hopewcll
Pass Christian
East Helena
Memphis
Victoria
Vemon
Chicago
Cincinnati
Hutch inson
Orange
Kalamazoo
Cantonment
Lowland
Cahokia
Portage
Rochester
Deer Park
Newark
Cleveland
Houston
Marietta
Playas
Kenai
Philadelphia
Aurora
Eco isc
Indianapolis
Cordova
Herculancum
Baytown
Corpus Christl
Savannah
SUBTOTAL
COUNTY STATE FACILITIES
Number
Brazoria
Jefferson
Sedgwick
Tooele
Jefferson
Ascension
Saint Louis
Calhoun
Humphreys
Lake
Allen
Ascension
Polk
Jefferson
Galveston
Mobile
Harris
Sullivan
Hopewell City
Harrison
Lewis and Clark
Shelby
Victoria
Los Angeles
Cook
Clcrmont
McLeod
Orange
Portage
Escambia
Hamblen
StCIair
Porter
Monroe
Harris
Essex
Cuyahoga
Harris
Washington
Hidalgo
Kenai Peninsula
Philadelphia
Beaufort
Wayne
Marion
Rock Island
Jefferson
Harris
Nucces
Chatham
TX
LA
KS
UT
TX
LA
MO
TX
TN
IN
OH
LA
FL
KY
TX
AL
TX
TN
VA
MS
MT
TN
TX
CA
JL
OH
MN
TX
MI
FL
TN
IL
IN
NY
TX
NT
OH
TX
OH
NM
AK
PA
NC
MI
IN
IL
MO
TX
TX
GA
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
4
3
40
1
19
10
132
2
4
10
16
5
8
66
12
4
44
9
9
1
2
71
6
16
274
US
5
12
23
4
1
1
3
56
12
63
136
147
9
1
3
67
1
1
89
1
1
10
15
22
1,570
20,999
22,569
FORMS
Number
60
31
192
5
212
171
536
59
21
80
89
29
30
353
216
48
362
112
51
8
12
319
43
57
947
466
29
80
99
33
9
20
8
238
167
276
547
621
65
7
23
315
7
28
377
29
9
164
161
98
7,919
73,972
81,891
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
212,577,627
192,352353
154,105,879
119,060,425
98,481,930
84,356,736
83,467311
68,881379
62,226,193
60,546,214
57,916,046
57367,893
57,049,013
56,746,077
52,671,822
50,757,832
49,908,270
48,589,036
46,882,164
42,517,217
36,625,629
32,934,818
32,595,372
32,402,603
29,688,929
29,207,395
29,184420
28,052,241
26,586,278
26,547,870
25,624,950
25,261,353
24,650,412
23,136,578
22,919,218
21,972,160
21,208,532
21,129,212
20,928,840
20,847,699
18,683,465
18,125,175
17,852,400
17,815385
17,798,636
17,631,532
17,110,851
16,864,804
16,861,467
16,688,729
2363398,670
3342,271,710
5,705,670,380
PERCENT OF
TRI TOTAL
Percent
3.73
3.37
2.70
2.09
1.73
1.48
1.46
1.21
1.09
1.06
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.92
0.89
0.87
0.85
0.82
0.75
0.64
0.58
0.57
0.57
0.52
0.51
0.51
0.49
0.47
0.47
0.45
0.44
0.43
0.41
0.40
0.39
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.33
0.32
0.31
031
0.31
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.29
41.42
58.58
100.00
PERCENT OF STATE
STATE TOTAL TOTAL
Percent Pounds
26.81
40.62
83.24
79.95
12.42
17.81
51.17
8.69
23.62
23.74
16.15
12.11
29.71
50.93
6.64
36.84
6.30
18.45
34.83
35.25
93.66
12.50
4.11
19.19
11.98
8.14
35.62
354
12.08
13.82
9.73
10.19
9.67
18.32
2.89
17.67
5.91
2.67
5.84
61.01
23.66
9.33
13.22
8.09
6.98
7.11
10.49
2.13
2.13
14.16
792,810307
473,546,487
185,131,051
148,915352
792,810307
473,546,487
163,105,846
792,810307
263,400319
255,023,626
358,677,545
473,546,487
192,044,588
111,422,816
792,810307
137,761,513
792,810307
263,400319
134,592326
120,617,983
39,103,261
263,400319
792,810307
168,825335
247,813,608
,358,677345
81,932,154
792,810307
220,137364
192,044388
263,400319
247,813,608
255,023,626
126,275,855
792,810307
124,333,859
358,677345
792,810307
358,677345
34,173305
78,955,945
194,216,839
135,058,190
220,137364
255,023,626
247,813,608
163,105,846
792,810307
792,810307
117,888,623
60
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Westwego, Louisiana, in Jefferson Parish, was ranked second. (See Table 3-4.)
Each of these cities was responsible for over 90 percent of the releases and transfers
in their counties.
Industrial Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers
Overall, there was little change in the industrial rankings from 1988. The Chemical
industry dominated TRI releases and transfers, accounting for almost half of the
1989 TRI total. The TRI total of this industry, 2.7 billion pounds (48 percent of TRI
total releases and transfers), was more than 3.5 times greater than the TRI releases
and transfers reported by the second-ranked Primary Metals industry, which ac-
counted for 756.8 million pounds (13 percent) of the TRI total. In contrast to these
high-impact industries, which played a large role in TRI totals, the eight industrial
categories with the smallest amounts of releases and transfers each represented less
than 1 percent of the TRI total. (See Figure 3-4 and Table 3-5. Appendix C outlines
the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system used to define the industrial
categories.)
Facilities with operations falling within more than one industrial category (grouped
in this report under the Multiple Codes classification) ranked third in total releases
and transfers in 1989, accounting for 8 percent (437.3 million pounds) of the TRI
total. This group consists of diversified facilities which engage in a range of
activities that cut across several traditional industrial sectors. For example, a
petrochemical company which both refines petroleum and manufactures petroleum
Facilities in the Chemical
industry accounted for
almost 1/2 of all TRI releases
and transfers in 1989.
Industry (SIC Code)
Food (20)
Tobacco (21) ~
Textiles (22) ~
Apparel (23)
Lumber (24) "
Furniture(25)
Paper (26) "
Printing (27) "
Chemicals (28) ~
Petroleum (29)
Plastics (30) '
Leather (31) '
Stone/Clay (32) "
Primary Metals (33) "
Fabr. Metals (34) "
Machinery (35) ~
Electrical (36) ~
Transportation (37) ~
Meaaure./Photo. (38)
Miscellaneous (39) "
Multiple codos 20-39 ~
No codes 20-39 ~
P
1
^IH^^L^
•
P
^••••^•.i
n
•E
JO
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
Millions of Pounds
• Releases ED Transfers
Figure 3-4. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1989.
61
-------
CliapterS
Table 3-5. TRI Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1989.
TRI SIC INDUSTRY
RELEASE/ CODE
TRANSFER
RANK
12
22
16
21
18
13
4
14
1
9
7
19
IS
2
6
10
8
S
11
17
3
20
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
67,803^37
1,485,626
46,081,356
2,059,373
37,824^96
65,369,507
313,254,241
60,923,661
2,745,768,071
103,136,599
194,502,619
24,861,979
47,485,910
756,808,577
207,383,999
74,922,470
145,758,174
245,316,145
69,535,397
38,886,447
437,278,275
19,224,021
1.19
0.03
0.81
0.04
0.66
1.15
5.49
1.07
48.12
1.81
3.41
0.44
0.83
13.26
3.63
1.31
2.55
4.30
1.22
0.68
7.66
0.34
FACILITIES (a) AVERAGE
RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
PER FACILITY
Number Percent Pounds
1,779
17
466
47
715
484
624
374
4,259
412
1,611
136
620
1,649
2,968
1,026
1,702
1,194
408
382
1,448
248
7.88
0.08
2.06
0.21
3.17
2.14
2.76
1.66
18.87
1.83
7.14
0.60
2.75
7.31
13.15
4.55
7.54
5.29
1.81
1.69
6.42
1.10
38,113
87^90
98,887
43,816
52,902
135,061
502,010
162,897
644,698
250,332
120,734
182,809
76^90
458,950
69,873
73,024
85,639
205,457
170,430
101,797
301,988
77,516
NUMBER OF
CHEMICALS
PER FACILITY
Average Maximum
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
2
5
8
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
3
32
4
12
6
17
21
17
16
85
47
14
13
30
33
26
25
23
28
69
17
44
55
TOTAL 5,705,670,380 100.00 22,569 100.00 252,810 4 85
(a) Total number of facilities reporting to TRI, including those reporting no releases and transfers.
Tho top 50 TRI facilities
accounted for 1/3 of TRI
releases and transfers In
1989.
products would report under both the Petroleum Refining (SIC 29) and Chemical
Products (SIC 28) industries, and its releases and transfers would be ranked in the;
Multiple Codes category.
TRI Facilities
The overall TRI patterns of chemical, environmental, geographical, and industrial.
distribution were deeply influenced by a small number of individual facilities
reporting releases and transfers significantly larger than those reported by all others.
The top 50 facilities reporting to TRI in 1989 are presented in Table 3-6. These 50
facilities were responsible for over one-third (2.0 billion pounds) of all TRI releases
and transfers. The Monsanto Company facility in Alvin, Texas, was the first-ranked
facility for total TRI releases and transfers, reporting 206.5 million pounds of
releases and transfers, most of which was in the form of underground injection of
ammonium sulfate (solution). The American Cyanamid Company of Westwego,
62
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-6. The 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Total Releases and Transfers, 1989.
TRI
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
g
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
?
SIC
CODE
28
28
33
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
33
28
28
38
28
28
28
33
28
33
33
33
28
Mult
33
28
28
28
29
28
33
FACILITY NAME
Monsanto Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
Magnesium Corp. of America
Vulcan Chemicals
Du Pont Beaumont Works
BP Chemicals
Inland Steel Co.
DuPont
BP Chemicals Inc.
Atochem N.A.— Racon Facility
Columbian Chemicals Co.
Tennessee Eastman Co.
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Du PontDelisle Plant
BASF Corp.
DuPont
Asarco Inc.
Allied Signal
Du Pont Victoria Site
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. (a)
Fittrol Corp.
3M Consumer AV& Consumer Prod.
Triad Chemical
BASF Corp.
Monsanto Co.
Monsanto Co.
Arcadian Corp.
National Steel Corp.
The Upjohn Co.
Phelps Dodge Mining Co.
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
Union Oil Co.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Du Pont Sabine River Works
Texasgulf Inc.
3M
National Steel
Freeport McMoran Agrico Chem. Div.
Herculaneum Smelter
Asarco Inc.
Copper Range Co.
Pfizer Pigments Inc.
Elkem Metals Co.
Kennecott Utah Copper
Freeport McMoran Agrico Chemical Div.
Air Products Mfg. Corp.
Coastal Chem Inc.
Amoco Oil Co.
Mississippi Chemical Corp.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
CITY
Alvin
Westwego
Tooele
Wichita
Beaumont
PortLavaca
East Chicago
NewJohnsonville
Lima
Wichita
Saint Louis
Kingsport
Lemoyne
Pass Christian
Geismar
Louisville
East Helena
Hopewell
Victoria
Mulberry
Vemon
Hutchinson
Donaldsonville
Lowland
Cantonment
Cahokia
Geismar
Portage
Kalamazoo
Playas
Texas City
Kenai
Rochester
Orange
Aurora
Cordova
Ecoise
Donaldsonville
Herculaneum
Hayden
White Pine
East Saint Louis
Marietta
Bingham Canyon
Uncle Sam
Pasadena
Cheyenne
Texas City
Yazoo City
Claypool
STATE
TX
LA
UT
KS
TX
TX
IN
TN
OH
KS
MO
TN
AL
MS
LA
KY
MT
VA
TX
EL
CA
MN
LA
TN
FL
IL
LA
IN
MI
NM
TX
AK
NY
TX
NC.
IL
MI
LA
MO
AZ
MI
IL
OH
UT
LA
TX
WY
TX
MS
AZ
TOTALRELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
206,533,205
192,350,800
119,060,425
92349,716
88,094,984
65443,672
57,273300
57,022345
56,731350
54405,751
52,461,020
45,253,659
44397470
42417,217
40,802,088
39,829,058
36,615,059
34,748,970
32314,457
32,013,400
29495,850
28,998,967
26,152,046
25,624,950
25,622,958
25,261353
24,967400
24486,030
22,997339
20,847,699
20474,970
18458421
18,123,187
18,010,133
17,852,400
17,631432
17462,820
17,254,750
17,110,851
16474,800
16330,870
16,071,496
15,771,470
15,473300
15,410,826
15,190,634
15,133,055
14,217,928
14,176,423
13,660,904
1,975,763,608
3,729,906,772
5,705,670,380
3.62
337
2.09
1.62
1.54
1.15
1.00
1.00
0.99
0.96
0.92
0.79
0.78
0.75
0.72
0.70
0.64
6.61
0.57
0.56
042
041
0.46
0.45
0.45
0.44
0.44
0.43
0.40
0.37
0.36
0.33
0.32
0.32
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.29
0.29
0.28
0.28
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.25
0.25
0.24
34.63
65.37
100.00
(a) Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. has submitted a revision to TRI regarding their 1989 releases and transfers. The revised amount for
their total releases and transfers is 4,487,000 pounds.
63
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Chapters
The top 10 TRI parent
companies accounted for
•bout 1/4 ol all TRI releases
and transfers In 1989.
Louisiana, ranked a close second with 192.4 million pounds. These two facilities
each contributed more to TRI totals than did combined facilities in each of 46 of the
other states and reporting jurisdictions, and they each contributed more to TRI total
releases and transfers than did the ninth-ranked state out of the 1989 TRI total.
The releases and transfers of these top 50 facilities affected every geographical,
industrial, and chemical analysis presented throughout this chapter. The enormous
role played by individual facilities suggests that the most telling analyses of TRI
data will be those that examine the data at the facility level. (See Box 3-D.) While
individual facilities provide a critical focus of analysis throughout this report, the
scope of the national summary statistics presented here sometimes precludes such
detail. However, the high-impact facilities for the top chemicals, the individual
states, and the industrial categories are discussed in this chapter.
A small number of facilities can have a significant impact on the environmental
distribution of TRI releases and transfers, both nationally and within a narrower
region. This is made clear by the impact of the top facilities upon TRI environmental
distribution totals. For example, three facilities in St. Louis, Missouri ranked in the
top ten facilities for transfers to public sewage: Columbian Chemicals Company,
Mallinkrodt Specialty, and Monsanto Company. Together, these three facilities
were responsible for 13 percent (71.0 million pounds) of all TRI transfers to POTWs
in 1989, and represented 93 percent of such transfers for the state of Missouri. Due
to the impact of these facilities, Missouri was the first-ranked state for TRI transfers
to public sewage in 1989. (See Table 3-2; and Appendix F, Table F-5.)
One of the reasons that a few facilities can often play such a dominant role in a
particular mode of environmental release or transfer is that the releases and transfers
of many facilities often are predominantly discharged to one part of the environ-
ment. Two-thirds (34) of the top 50 facilities with the largest 1989 releases and
transfers released 90 percent or more of their TRI amounts in a single type of release
or transfer. For example, Phelps Dodge Mining Company in Playas, New Mexico
(ranked 30th in overall TRI releases and transfers) discharged 98 percent of its total
releases and transfers (20.4 million pounds) to on-site land disposal. Since Phelp»
Dodge Mining was a top TRI facility for total releases and transfers reported, the
facility was also one of the top TRI facilities for on-site land releases (ranked third),
accounting for 5 percent of all such releases. (See Table 3-6, and Appendix F, Table
F-3.)
TRI Parent Companies
While the impact of individual facilities is discussed throughout this report, parenl:
companies also have nationwide influence. The top ten parent companies (ranked by
total releases and transfers) operated a total of 410 facilities, or 2 percent of all TRI
facilities, and accounted for a little more than one-fourth of all TRI releases and
transfers in 1989. With 88 facilities, Du Pont was the top-ranked parent company,
reporting TRI releases and transfers of 349.3 million pounds-6 percent of the
64
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
iO£3-D, f Mi IJ^ACT OPONi^taUTY ON TRI DAfA ANALYSES
JargeiL^gte AftaJtrat lejKjrfed by any &dt
aai S^is^s &f ^00*0
ifeesF-ii^e iankisg lor t&l
national total. Other top-ranked parent companies included Monsanto, American
Cyanamid, BP America, and Renco Group (includes Magnesium Corporation of
America). (See Table 3-7.)
The number of facilities reporting from these top ten parent companies ranged from
one (Vulcan Chemicals) to 136 (General Motors).2 As a consequence, the average
releases and transfers per facility varied considerably. Du Pont's 88 facilities, while
reporting the largest TRI total for a parent company, produced an average of 4.0
million pounds of releases and transfers per facility. In contrast, the two TRI
facilities operated by the fifth-ranked Renco Group reported an average of 59.5
million pounds per facility. (See Table 3-7.)
65
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Chapters
Table 3-7. The Ten Parent Companies with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989.
TRI PARENT COMPANY
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
DuPont
Monsanto Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
BP America
Renco Group
3MCo.
Vulcan Chemicals
Genera! Motors Co.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Phelps Dodge Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHER FACILITIES
GRAND TOTAL
FACILITIES
Number
88
33
29
25
2
53
1
136
24
19
410
22,159
22,569
Percent
0.39
0.15
0.13
0.11
0.01
0.23
0.00
0.60
0.11
0.08
1.82
98.18
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES AVERAGE
AND TRANSFERS RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
Pounds
349,275,844
293,833^77
202,092,889
123,971,863
119,079,722
108,727,958
92,349,716
90,279,073
79,258,257
77,423,843
1,536,292,742
4,169,377,638
5,705,670,380
Percent
6.12
5.15
3.54
2.17
2.09
1.91
1.62
1.58
1.39
1.36
26.93
73.07
100.00
PER FACILITY
Pounds;
3,969,044
8,904,048
6,968,720
4,958,875
59,539,861
2,051,471
92,349,716
663,817
3,302,427
4,074,939
3,747,055
188,157
252,810
Table 3-8. The Ten Parent Companies with the Largest Number of TRI Facilities, t989.
TRI PARENT COMPANY
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
General Electric Co.
General Motors Co.
DuPont
Allied-Signal Co.
Borden Inc.
Cooper Industries Inc.
Westinghouse Electric Coip.
United Technologies Coip.
International Paper
Georgia-Pacific Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
FACILITIES
Number
138
136
88
86
70
69
67
66
64
65
849
21,720
22469
Percent
0.61
0.60
0.39
0.38
0.31
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.29
3.76
96.24
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES AVERAGE
AND TRANSFERS RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS:
Pounds
38,890,268
90,279,073
349,275,844
52,921,041
8,806,357
4,374,775
13,654495
10,487,983
22,864,152
19,348,757
610,902,845
5,094,767,535
5,705,670,380
Percent
0.68
1.58
6.12
0.93
0.15
0.08
0.24
0.18
0.40
0.34
10.71
89.29
100.00
PER FACILITY
Pound!!
281,814
663,817
3,969,044
615,361
125,805
63,403
203,800
158,909
357,252
297,673
719456
234466
252,810
66
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1989 Toxics Release InventoryData
The parent companies operating the greatest number of TRI facilities did not
necessarily report the largest TRI totals. For example, General Electric operated the
largest number of facilities of any parent company, but its 138 facilities released and
transferred 38.9 million pounds (an average of 281,814 pounds per facility, well
below the average for the top ten parent companies). The Cooper Industries, which
operated 69 facilities, reported only 4.4 million pounds of releases and transfers (an
average of 63,403 pounds per facility). Altogether, die ten parent companies with
the largest number of facilities accounted for 4 percent of TRI facilities, and
contributed 11 percent to total TRI releases and transfers in 1989. (See Table 3-8.)
TRI CHEMICALS
Releases and transfers of ammonium sulfate (solution) were greater than those of
any other TRI chemical in 1989, accounting for 13 percent of the TRI total (750.6
million pounds). Ammonium sulfate (solution) is produced for use as an agricultural
fertilizer, is generated as a non-commercial by-product of different chemical
manufacturing processes involving sulfuric acid and ammonium compounds, and is
a by-product of coke ovens used to make steel. (See Figure 3-2 and Table 3-1.)
Facilities also reported large amounts of hydrochloric acid, methanol, ammonia,
toluene, and sulfuric acid. The total releases and transfers of each of these chemicals
contributed over 5 percent to the TRI total. Together, the 25 chemicals with the
largest releases and transfers accounted for 83 percent of the TRI total.
Because TRI reporting requirements are triggered by a threshold amount for the
manufacture, process, or other use of a chemical and not by the amounts of the
facility's final releases and transfers, some forms received by EPA indicated that no
releases or transfers of a chemical occurred. This may best be illustrated by
comparing the information in Tables 3-1 and 3-9. For example, sulfuric acid was
reported more often than any other chemical in 1989, with 5,547 forms submitted (or
7 percent of all TRI forms). Of these forms, however, only 3,391 indicated that there
were releases and transfers associated with the chemical. This may be explained by
the fact that some facilities may have activities involving sulfuric acid that preclude
its release or transfer. In fact, many facilities use sulfuric acid to neutralize basic
wastes, a process which consumes all the acid as it reacts with the base to form a salt
and water.
The chemicals released and transferred in the largest amounts were not necessarily
those reported by the most facilities. For example, ammonium sulfate (solution),
ranked number one for TRI total releases and transfers, ranked 49th in number of
forms reporting releases and transfers. In contrast, 1,1,1-trichloroethane was num-
ber two for having the most forms reporting releases and transfers, but ranked only
ninth in total releases and transfers. Thus, a smaller group of facilities released larger
amounts of the ammonium sulfate (solution) as compared to 1,1,1-trichloroethane,
which was released in smaller amounts by more facilities. (See Tables 3-1 and 3-9.)
With 13% of total TRI
releases and transfers,
ammonium sulfate (solution)
was the top-ranking TRI
chemical in 1989.
67
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Chapters
Table 3-9. The 25 Chemicals Reported on the Most TRI Forms, 1989.
TRI
RELEASE/
TRANSFER
RANK
6
5
9
8
2
4
7
16
3
11
37
10
17
20
12
13
19
21
24
28
54
47
23
25
34
FORMS
RANK CHEMICAL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Sulfuric acid
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloro ethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia
Acetone
Phosphoric acid
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Copper
Zinc compounds
Nitric acid
Glycol ethers
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Freon 113
Ethylene glycol
Chromium compounds
Styrene
Nickel
Chromium
Copper compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
Manganese
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS(a)
Number Percent
5,547
3,942
3,893
3,525
3,250
3,120
2,723
2,638
2^21
2,464
2,011
1,935
1,924
1,822
1,779
1,552
1,483
1,469
1,363
1,318
1,285
1,277
1,254
1,177
1,078
56,350
25^41
81,891
6.77
4.81
4.75
4.30
3.97
3.81
3.33
3.22
3.08
3.01
2.46
2.36
2.35
2.22
2.17
1.90
1.81
1.79
1.66
1.61
1.57
1.56
1.53
1.44
1.32
68.81
31.19
100.00
(a) Total number of forms reporting the chemical, including those reporting no releases and transfers.
The average amount of releases and transfers of a TRI chemical, per form reported
to TRI for that chemical, demonstrates that of the top 25 TRI chemicals, ammonium
sulfate (solution) and carbon disulfide had a few facilities reporting large total
releases and transfers. For ammonium sulfate (solution), the average release and
transfer per form was 2.5 million pounds, and for carbon disulfide the average was
1.3 million pounds. Of the top 25 TRI chemicals, glycol ethers had the smallest
average release of 37,014 pounds per form. (See Table 3-1.)
Manufacturers reported total releases and transfers of 1,000 pounds or less for 20
chemicals, including three (safrole, 4-aminobiphenyl, and bis(chloromethyl) ether)
released in amounts under 15 pounds. In addition, facilities submitted TRI forms for
six chemicals, but reported no associated releases or transfers, while no forms at all
were submitted for 58 chemicals. (See Appendix B.)
68
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Top Facilities for the Release and Transfer of TRI
Chemicals
Individual facilities can have a significant influence on the geographical, industrial,
and environmental distribution patterns of a TEH chemical. For example, the
Magnesium Corporation of America facility in Tooele, Utah, reported 78 percent
(110.2 million pounds) of all TRI releases and transfers for chlorine. Consequently,
chlorine is the chemical with the largest releases and transfers in the state of Utah
and the Magnesium Corporation is the state's number one facility for total releases
and transfers. (See Table 3-10; Appendix G, Table G-l; and Appendix H, Tables H-
1 and H-2.) All of this facility's chlorine is released in the form of air emissions,
making the Magnesium Corporation the number one facility for total TRI air
emissions. Because of the volume of its chlorine emissions, the Magnesium Corpo-
ration was the facility with the largest total releases and transfers in the Primary
Metals industry (SIC 33) and chlorine was ranked the number two TRI chemical for
that industry (See Appendix F, Table F-l; and Appendix I, Tables 1-1 and 1-2.)
The circumstances for chlorine, largely determined by a single facility, differ from
those of a chemical such as methanol. Although the Union Camp Corporation
facility in Savannah, Georgia, was the facility with the largest releases and transfers
of this chemical, its releases and transfers accounted for only 3 percent (11.2 million
pounds) of all TRI methanol releases. Together, the top ten facilities for methanol
releases and transfers represented just 17 percent of the methanol total. Despite the
fact that the releases and transfers of methanol by Union Camp did not account for
an overwhelming share of the TRI methanol total, they did have a significant impact
on a state level. Methanol was the chemical with the largest releases and transfers in
the state of Georgia, with Union Camp accounting for 40 percent of the state's total
releases and transfers of this chemical. (See Appendix G, Table G-l; and Appendix
H, Table H-l.) Union Camp was the top facility for all releases and transfers in the
state of Georgia, representing 11 percent of the state's total. The facility's methanol
releases accounted for 83 percent of its total releases and transfers. (See Table 3-10;
and Appendix H, Table H-2.)
While not a dominant contributor to TRI total releases and transfers, Union Camp
did affect TRI industrial and environmental distribution patterns. The facility
emitted 98 percent of its methanol to air and thus ranked tenth among the facilities
with the largest TRI releases and transfers to air (84 percent of its total air releases
were methanol). (See Appendix F, Table F-l.) Union Camp ranked fourth for total
TRI releases and transfers for facilities reporting under multiple SIC codes, and
methanol was the chemical with the second-largest releases and transfers for the
Multiple SIC Code category. Union Camp accounted for 26 percent of the total
methanol released and transferred by this industrial category. (See Appendix I,
Tables 1-1 and 1-2.)
Single facilities often had a
significant impact on
regional and state TRI totals.
69
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Chapters
Table 3-10. Total Releases and Transfers by Media for the Top TRI Facility in Each State, 1989.
TRI STATE
STATE
RANK
14
38
53
29
25
11
42
32
45
9
20
47
43
6
5
28
10
21
2
40
36
27
7
24
19
12
33
39
49
44
18
34
17
15
51
3
31
35
8
37
46
23
48
4
1
13
50
52
16
30
26
22
41
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
FACILITY NAME TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Union Oil Co.
VCS Samoa Packing Co.
Asarcolnc.
Agricultural Minerals Corp.
Filtrol Corp.
CF&I Steel Corp.
Pfizer Inc.
Newark Assembly Plant
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical (a)
Union Camp Corp.
Dole Packaged Foods Co.
Kerr-Mcgee Vanadium Facility
Monsanto Co.
Inland Steel Co.
3MCo.
Vulcan Chemicals
DuPont
American Cyanamid Co.
Georgia-Pacific Corp.
Wcstvaco Corp.
Monsanto Co.
The Upjohn Co.
44,397,570
18,558,521
26,250
16,574,800
11,582,300
29495,850
1,766,944
6,183,136
2466,693
32,013,400
13,463,088
1,292,550
4,207,446
25,261,353
57,273,300
4^07,566
92,349,716
39,829,058
192,350,800
2,499,584
7,940,335
8,043,889
22,997,339
3M Consumer AV & Consumer Prod. 28,998,967
Du Pont Delisle Plant
Columbian Chemicals Co.
Asarcolnc.
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corp.
Hadco Corp.
Merck & Co. Inc.
Phclps Dodge Mining Co.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Texasgulflnc.
Sioux Manufacturing Corp.
BP Chemicals Inc.
Agricultural Minerals Corp.
Boise Cascade Papers
USSFairless Works
Abbott Chemicals Inc.
Olin Hunt Specialty
Westinghouse Electric Corp.
3MCo.
DuPont
Monsanto Co.
Magnesium Corp.of America
General Electric Co.
Hess Oil Virgin Islands Corp.
Allied Signal
Weyerhaeuser Co.
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
Fort Howard Steel Inc.
Coastal Chcm Inc.
42,517,217
52,461,020
36,615,059
3,186,771
2,072,700
1475,165
7,875,472
20,847,699
18,123,187
17,852,400
336435
56,731,350
9,014,287
6,985,349
12,893,470
3,784,744
1,072,546
8,303,320
1.096,305
57,022^45
206,533,205
119,060,425
231489
1,274,235
34,748,970
8,472,600
10443,249
7,440,000
15,133,055
AIR SURFACE
WATER
Percent Percent
98.37
98.65
100.00
4.96
98.29
1.00
2.48
11.72
99.75
0.00
97.97
0.76
5.60
11.55
4.39
95.96
0.90
1.66
0.32
98.44
73.45
3.10
29.91
88.49
12.93
0.12
0.52
96.19
1.13
92.85
4.30
2.37
92.67
12.67
100.00
6.37
44.52
8.52
1.64
97.91
2.03
95.06
74.87
14.00
0.31
100.00
47.24
90.99
0.98
3.30
29.94
0.00
6.66
0.13
1.30
0.00
0.01
1.67
0.00
2.71
67.88
0.00
0.00
1.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.77
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.17
1.35
0.00
0.00
0.78
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.31
0.27
0.00
0.21
2.14
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
26.86
96.70
2.01
0.00
0.00
UNDER-
GROUND
Percent
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
100.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.77
0.00
99.09
97.92
99.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
18.38
0.00
87.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
93.30
52.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
85.93
99.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
93.34
LAND PUBLIC OFF-SITE TOTAL
SEWAGE
Percent Percent Percent Percent
1.42
0.04
0.00
95.02
0.01
0.00
24.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
94.40
0.00
78.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
99.48
0.00
98.74
0.00
0.00
97.63
0.36
87.06
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
76.78
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
8.92
0.00
0.00
68.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
99.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
99.24
0.00
86.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.39
0.00
0.00
26.55
82.35
7.63
0.90
0.00
99.87
0.00
0.22
0.01
2.35
60.27
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
91.43
0.00
1.91
89.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
71.57
0.00
0.00
100.00
0.00
0.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
70.13
20.39
0.14
0.00
0.41
0.00
0.00
2.34
3.81
4.04
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.21
0.00
14.55
43.27
10.61
0.05
0.00
0.00
3.59
0.07
4.80
35.42
0.00
4.64
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.94
0.05
21.36
0.18
8.48
4.94
25.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
52.66
0.00
0.58
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
(a) Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corpi.has submitted a revision to TRI regarding 1989 releases and transfers. The revised amount for their total releases and
transfers is 4,487,000 pounds, all of which is underground injection.
70
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Environmental Distribution of TRI Chemicals
Within the overall environmental distribution of TRI releases and transfers, the
distribution of individual TRI chemicals varied considerably. Some chemicals were
usually released directly from a facility site, while others were more often trans-
ferred off site. Many chemicals were characterized by general modes of release or
transfer, as with ammonium sulfate (solution), which was primarily discharged to
underground injection wells (61 percent) and transferred to public sewage (27
percent). Another example is carbon disulfide, almost all of which was emitted to air
(99.6 percent). (See Figure 3-1 and Table 3-11.)
The environmental distribution of the TRI chemicals with the largest total releases
and transfers can be reflected within overall TRI totals. For example, hydrochloric
acid was predominantly discharged to underground injection wells (61 percent) and
transferred offsite (20 percent). Because hydrochloric acid was the number two TRI
chemical in 1989 for overall releases and transfers, it figured prominently in TRI
totals for these two modes of release, accounting for 26 percent of all TRI
underground injection and for 11 percent of all TRI off-site transfers. (See Tables 3-
11 and 3-12.)
The environmental distribu-
tion of Individual TRI
chemicals varied widely.
Table 3-11. Environmental Distribution of the 25 Chemicals with the Largest TRI Releases and Transfers, 1989.
TRI CHEMICAL TOTAL RELEASES
RANK AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
1
2
3
4 •
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Ammonia
Toluene
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomeis)
1 ,1 ,1-Trichloroethane
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Manganese compounds
Carbon disulfide
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Freon 113
Glycol etheis
Ethylene glycol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Chromium compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
750,649,064
495,609,047
408,119,093
377,248,848
322,521,176
318395,014
255,502,080
185,442,035
185,026,191
164,799,357
156,992,642
141,428,470
130,355,581
119,825,790
100,150,670
98,660,456
74,861,200
73,313,949
67,837,298
65,736,857
57,792359
57,487,663
54,465,732
50,881,050
50,095,319
4,763,196,941
942,473,439
5,705,670,380
AIR SURFACE
WATER
Percent Percent
0.11
12.26
48.94
64.81
79.20
7.62
77.97
79.53
91.13
2.84
81.30
93.58
83.83
1.42
99.64
1.82
7.03
4.71
93.21
72.49
22.27
6.06
6.95
2.55
73.03
41.06
50.02
42.54
9.14
0.62
4.18
6.44
0.05
6.37
0.40
0.10
0.01
0.53
0.04
1.70
0.17
0.69
0.03
27.54
1.06
12.08
0.02
0.23
6.48
0.23
0.26
0.94
1.84
3.81
0.79
3.31
LAND UNDER- PUBLIC OFF-SUb
GROUND SEWAGE
Percent Percent Percent Percent
2.04
0.86
1.90
2.00
0.12
1.48
0.10
0.25
0.04
59.87
0.10
0.21
0.01
70.92
0.00
50.74
0.66
10.33
0.04
0.22
1.48
34.68
74.81
60.96
0.22
7.89
7.31
7.79
61.45
60.69
5.68
17.29
0.19
46.98
1.77
0.04
0.00
0.09
0.13
033
0.57
0.84
0.02
0.09
41.43
61.02
0.00
0.56
14.84
0.00
031
0.12
2.82
2257
9.18
20.70
26.81
5.69
26.71
7.63
0.96
13.47
5.18
2.08
0.13
1.23
0.49
1.99
1.14
5.48
0.13
11.74
18.51
9.68
0.10
13.17
28.68
0.23
0.68
1.93
11.58
10.69
4.42
9.66
0.45
19.89
12.58
1.84
19.47
24.08
14.58
18.00
8.69
35.43
17.94
2.20
14.28
20.66
0.17
8.06
31.30
2.18
6.62
13.34
26.24
58.80
17.00
33.51
10.52
13.57
28.29
16.00
TOTAL
Percent
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
71
-------
Chapter3
Table 3-12. The Top Five Chemicals with the Largest TRI Amounts for Each Type of
Release and Transfer, 1989. "^
TRI
RANK CHEMICAL
Air
5 Toluene
4 Ammonia
3 Mctbanol
7 Acetone
9 1,1,1-TrichIoroethane
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL
Surface Water
1 Ammonium sulfate (solution)
16 Phosphoric acid
4 Ammonia
6 Sulfuric acid
3 Mcthanol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL
Land Releases
10 Zinc compounds
14 Manganese compounds
16 Phosphoric acid
23 Copper compounds
24 Chromium compounds
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TYYPAT
10J1AL
Underground Injection
1 Ammonium sulfate (solution)
2 Hydrochloric acid
6 Sulfuric acid
4 Ammonia
1 8 Ammonium nitrate (solution)
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL
Public Sewage
1 Ammonium sulfate (solution)
3 Methanol
6 Sulfuric acid
4 Ammonia
2 Hydrochloric acid
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL
Off-site Transfer
2 Hydrochloric acid
6 Sulfuric acid
5 Toluene
10 Zinc compounds
3 Methanol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
; Pounds
255,437,878
244,505,074
199,729,091
199,209,247
168,617,910
1,067,499,200
1,359,562,706
2,427,061,906
68,588,044
27,166,278
24,278,102
20,296,873
17,058,674
157,387,971
31,565,913
188,953,884
98,670391
84,979,282
50,063,162
40,746,031
31,015338
305,474,204
139,262346
444,736350
461,238,592
300,798,693
149,583,139
65,209385
44,738,000
1,021,567,809
159,263372
1,180,831,181
201,258,790
109,011,890
42,874,496
28,777,748
28,180,243
410,103,167
140,931,529
551,034,696
98,579,539
76,658,766
62,789,885
58396,436
51361,695
347,786321
565,265,842
913,052,163
Percent
10.52
10.07
8.23
8.21
6.95
43.98
56.02
100.00
36.30
14.38
12.85
10.74
9.03
83.29
16.71
100.00
22.19
19.11
11.26
9.16
6.97
68.69
31.31
100.00
39.06
25.47
12.67
5.52
3.79
86.51
13.49
100.00
36.52
19.78
7.78
5.22
5.11
74.42
2558
100.00
10.80
8.40
6.88
6.40
5.63
38.09
61.91
100.00
72
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Almost three-quarters (72 percent) of hydrochloric acid's total releases and transfers
were accounted for by the ten TRI facilities releasing it in the largest volumes,
indicating that hydrochloric acid may also figure heavily in the geographic totals for
the states where these top facilities are located. This is apparent in the case of the top
two facilities releasing this chemical, Vulcan Chemicals and Atochem N. A.~Racon
facility, both located in Wichita, Kansas. Combined, these two facilities represented
over one-fourth (26 percent) of the total TRI releases and transfers of hydrochloric
acid in 1989. They contributed almost exclusively to making hydrochloric acid the
number one TRI chemical for the state of Kansas, accounting for 99.9 percent of the
state's hydrochloric acid total. (See Appendix G, Table G-l; and Appendix H, Table
H-1.) The mode of release or transfer employed by these two facilities affected the
distribution totals for the state of Kansas: the state ranked third in TRI for total
underground injection, and fifth for total off-site transfers, reflecting the two
principal modes of release of hydrochloric acid. (See Table 3-13.)
Table 3-13. The Ten States with the Largest TRI Amounts of Each Type of Release or Transfer, 1989.
TRI
Rank
1
4
3
13
2
5
14
6
7
IS
TRI
AIR
State
Texas
Tennessee
Ohio
Utah
Louisiana
Indiana
Alabama
Illinois
Michigan
North Carolina
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
Releases and Transfers
Pounds Percent
179,835,644
152,493,721
133,123,376
130,030,848
125,753,121
112,989,667
103,600370
94,550,683
91,443,144
89,617,877
1,213,438,451
2,427,061,906
7.41
6.28
5.48
5.36
5.18
4.66
4.27
3.90
3.77
3.69
50.00
100.00
UNDERGROUND
State Releases and Transfers
Rank
1
2
10
3
9
4
19
21
5
41
Texas
Louisiana
Kansas
Ohio
Florida
Tennessee
Mississippi
Kentucky
Indiana
Wyoming
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
Pounds
464,048,094
285,933,028
91,610,915
59,024,950
55,865,018
54,996,660
43,303,000
39,000,000
32,703,116
14,125,832
1,140,610,613
1,180,831,181
Percent
39.30
24.21
7.76
5.00
4.73
4.66
3.67
330
2.77
1.20
96.59
100.00
TRI
Rank
2
6
30
16
11
25
14
9
3
1
TRI
Rank
12
18
6
11
1
16
3
4
22
8
SURFACE
WATER
State Releases and Transfers
Louisiana
Illinois
Washington
Virginia
California
Arkansas
Alabama
Florida
Ohio
Texas
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
Pounds
46,176,116
16,749,906
15,563,117
11,098,016
10,664,607
9,087,408
7,479,987
6,603,113
6,093,263
6,057,544
135,573,077
188,953,884
Percent
24.44
8.86
8.24
5.87
5.64
4.81
3.96
3.49
3.22
3.21
71.75
100.00
PUBLIC SEWAGE
State Releases and Transfers
Missouri
New Jersey
Illinois
California
Texas
Virginia
Ohio
Tennessee
Wisconsin
Pennsylvania
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
Pounds
76,552,047
61,234,010
58,494,457
46,990,077
36,278,806
34,703,601
28,352,514
21,095,980
16,962,170
16,422,194
397,085,856
551,034,696
Percent
13.89
11.11
10.62
8.53
6.58
6.30
5.15
3.83
3.08
2.98
72.06
100.00
LAND
TRI State
Rank
5
9
33
29
34
3
12
15
7
1
TRI
Rank
3
1
7 .
8
10
6
22
5
18
17
Indiana
Florida
Montana
Arizona
New Mexico
Ohio
Missouri
Releases and Transfers
Pounds
50,535,962
38,982,675
36,448,109
32^21380
31,011,069
30356,849
27,548,952
North Carolina 25,781,211
Michigan
Texas
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
23,435,499
21 ,285,930
317,707,636
444,736,550
Percent
11.36
8.77
8.20
7.27
6.97
6.83
6.19
5.80
5.27
4.79
71.44
100.00
OEF-SlTJi
State Releases and Transfers
Ohio
Texas
Michigan
Pennsylvania
Kansas
Illinois
Wisconsin
Indiana
New Jersey
New York
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
Pounds
101,726,593
85304,289
84,093,091
77,462,655
60,146,816
56,868,758
38377,567
37,787,841
28,841,231
26323,155
596,931,996
913,052,163
Percent
11.14
9.34
9.21
8.48
6.59
6.23
4.20
4.14
3.16
2.88
65.38
100.00
73
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Chapters
Non-halogenated organlcs
made up 37% of TRI releases
and transfers in 1989...
Chemical Classes
In this report, TRI chemicals and categories have been grouped into the following
five classes, based on certain common characteristics:
• non-halogenated organics;
• mineral acids/salts;3
• metals and metal compounds;
• halogenated organics; and
• non-metallic inorganics.4
These chemical classes illuminate general patterns in the TRI data which would be
difficult to discern in the analysis of over 300 individual TRI chemicals and
chemical categories. Appendix B identifies the class of each TRI chemical.
Mixtures and trade secrets are treated separately because they cannot be combined
with the other TRI chemicals in any other fashion. Under TRI requirements,
facilities report chemicals as mixtures if they used mixtures or trade name producls
(such as a commercially available cleaning solvent) known to contain TRI chemi-
cals, but could not identify the exact chemical contained in the mixture.5 Therefore,
the release and transfer amounts of chemicals in mixtures cannot be added to theiir
appropriate chemical classes. Facilities claiming trade secrets are required to
provide generic names for trade secret chemicals, but these names do not necessarily
give sufficient information about chemical structure to allow classification.
Non-halogenated organics accounted for the largest percentage (37 percent) of total
releases and transfers in 1989, followed by mineral acids/salts (32 percent). Metals
and metal compounds, halogenated organics, and non-metallic inorganics made up
comparable percentages of the TRI total, accounting for 11, 10, and 10 percenl:,
respectively. Mixtures and trade secret chemicals together made up less than 0.2
percent of the TRI releases and transfers. The five chemicals with the largest
releases and transfers for each chemical class are presented in Table 3-14. For each
chemical class, the top five chemicals represented over 60 percent of the TRI class
total, with overall patterns similar to those of 1988. (See Figure 3-5.)
The top mixtures are presented in Table 3-15. Together, two mixtures accounted for
over one-half of total TRI releases and transfers of mixtures.
The environmental distribution of each chemical class varied from the pattern seen
for overall TRI releases and transfers. Many non-halogenated organic, halogenated
organic, and non-metallic inorganic chemicals evaporate readily, making air emis-
sions their most common form of release. Air emissions accounted for 68 percent, 84
74
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-14. The Five Chemicals with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers for Each Chemical Class, 1989.
TRI
RANK
3
5
7
8
11
1
2
6
16
17
10
14
22
23
24
9
13
19
26
32
4
12
56
62
64
52
157
CHEMICAL
ORGANICS (NON-HALOGENATED)
Methanol
Toluene
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL FOR CLASS
MINERAL ACIDS/SALTS
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL FOR CLASS
METALS AND METAL COMPOUNDS
Zinc compounds
Manganese compounds
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Chromium compounds
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL FOR CLASS
HALO-ORGANICS
1 ,1 ,1-Trichloroethane
Dichloromethane
Freon 113
Trichloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL FOR CLASS
NON-METALLIC COMPOUNDS
Ammonia
Chlorine
Asbestos (friable)
Arsenic compounds
Chlorine dioxide
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL FOR CLASS
MIXTURES
TRADE SECRETS
GRAND TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Percent
of Class Percent of
Pounds Total Grand Total
408,119,093
322,521,176
255,502,080
185,442,035
156,992,642
1,328,577,026
768,091,656
2,096,668,682
750,649,064
495,609,047
318,395,014
98,660,456
74,861,200
1,738,174,781
100,745,476
1,838,920,257
164,799^57
119,825,790
57,487,663
54,465,732
50,881,050
447,459392
205,083,290
652,542,882
185,026,191
130,355,581
67,837,298
48,976,806
30,058,581
462,254,457 ,
99,080,439
561,334,896
377,248,848
141,428,470
8,944,353
7,046,988
6,995,636
541,664,295
4,284,472
545,948,767
9578,418
276,478
5,705,670,380
19.47
15.38
12.19
8.84
7.49
63.37
36.63
40.82
26.95
17.31
537
4.07
94.52
5.48
2S.25
18.36
8.81
8.35
7.80
68.57
31.43
32.96
23.22
12.08
8.73
5.35
82.35
17.65
69.10
25.91
1.64
1.29
1.28
99.22
0.78
36.75
32.23
11.44
9.84
9.57
0.17
0.00
100.00
75
-------
Chapters
Halo-organics
10%
Non-metals
10%
Metals
11%
Mineral
Acids/Salts
32%
Organics
37%
1989 Total: 5.7 Billion Pounds
Figure 3-5. TRI Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1989. (Mixtures and Trade
Secrets together accounted for < 0.2 percent of the TRI total.)
Trade Secrets
I Air
20
HI Surface Water Hi Land
40
GO
Percent
03 Underground
I Public Sewage ID Off-alto
Rgure 3-6. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1989.
76
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-15. The 25 Mixture and Trade Name Products with the Largest Releases and Transfers, 1989.
NAME OF MIXTURE
Nonchlorinated Solvents in Waste Fuel
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixture
Solvent Blend-5892
Kemvar Topcoat Varnish
Solvaset Ypn4-02D - 67.11% 1,1,1 Trichloroethane
Max Etch 20 Replenisher, 30% Ammonium Hydroxide, 12% Amm. Carbonate
Polyester Resin
Troco API Thread Compound '. •
Acme Flow Resins - 40% Methylenebis
1-1-1 Trichloroethane Adhesives
Alkanolamines
Refractory Material - 10-15% Aluminum Oxide
Chlorinated Solvents in Waste Fuel
Hazardous Waste Solid Nos U159 Na 9189 Methyl Ethyl Letonein Soil
Resin Solution
Unsaturated Poly ester Resin/Sty rene Suppressed
High Solids Spray Coating
Phenolic Resin Powder
Waste Paint Residue Solid N.O.S.
Maintance 4000 Ep
Acme-Flow 2010A Resin - 9.99% Bis
Genesolv Dms Solvent
Autof roth Foam
Phenol-Formaldehyde Resen in Water Solution
Heavy Aromatic Naphtha (Contains Naphthalene)
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL
TRI
FORMS
Number
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
5
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
36
72
108
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
2,865,500
2,522,023
864,039
758,300
431,500
401,650
398,384
264,960
189,100
136,418
115,200
78,131
76,770
62,416
57,344
55,374
54,150
53,600
50,000
48,040
40,500
38,000
36,000
35,332
30,540
9,663,271
315,147
9,978,418
28.72
25.27
8.66
7.60
4.32
4.03
3.99
2.66
1.90
1.37
1.15
0.78
0.77
0.63
0.57
0.55
0.54
0.54
0.50
0.48
0.41
0.38
0.36
0.35
0.31
96.84
3.16
100.00
percent, and 70 percent, respectively, of total TRI releases and transfers of the non-
halogenated organic, halogenated organic, and non-metallic inorganic chemical
classes. The majority (54 percent) of mineral acids/salts were discharged to under-
ground injection wells. Metals and metal compounds were primarily released to land
on-site (51 percent) or transferred to off-site facilities (42 percent), where they are
often eventually disposed of to the land. A total of 56 percent of mixtures was
emitted to air, with 41 percent transferred off site. All classes were discharged to
surface water to some degree, but mineral acids/salts were, the principal class
contributing to TRI totals for such discharges. (See Figure 3-6.)
Of the top five chemicals released to surface water, three (ammonium sulfate
solution, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid6) fell into the mineral acids/salts class,
together accounting for 61 percent of all releases to surface water in 1989. (See
Table 3-12.) The top four facilities for releases to surface water were Arcadian
Corporation (Geismar, Louisiana); 3M (Cordova, Illinois); Freeport McMoran,
77
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Chapters
Many factors Influence the
potantial health and
environmental effects of TRI
releases and transfers.
Agrico Chemical Division (Uncle Sam, Louisiana), and Allied Signal (Hopewell,
Virginia). (See Appendix F, Table F-2.) Over 90 percent of each of their total surface
water discharges were comprised of mineral acids/salts.
Health and Environmental Effects of TRI Chemicals
Because the effects associated with TRI chemicals vary widely, an awareness of the
chemical composition of individual releases and transfers is necessary to interpret
potential health and environmental significance. For example, chronic exposure
(long-term) to benzene is known to cause leukemia in humans, whereas Freon 113
is of more concern due to its potential to deplete stratospheric ozone. Similarly, the
potencies of TRI chemicals vary considerably: some are toxic at relatively low
concentrations, while larger amounts of other chemicals are of comparable toxicity.
(See Boxes 3-B and 3-E.)
Most data compiled in this report present various aggregations of releases and
transfers, broken down by chemical, by industry, by geography, or by their form of
release or transfer to the environment. None of these data aggregates, however,
directly reveal the health and environmental impacts of such releases and transfer;;.
The health and environmental impacts of TRI releases and transfers depend on,
among other factors, the types of potential toxicity effects associated with each
individual chemical.
Numerous other factors influence the nature and extent to which any TRI release or
transfer may cause health or environmental harm; among them are the following:
• the nature and degree of toxicity of each chemical;
• the route(s) of the release;
• duration of the release;
• the route(s) of exposure;
• the persistence, bioconcentration, transport, and nature of the environmental!
degradation of the chemical; and
• various local factors, such as human and wildlife population patterns, atmospheric
and climatic conditions, patterns of drinking water use, and sources of food
supply.
As a result of these and other factors, a few pounds of a highly toxic chemical
released to the environment may be of far greater concern than a greater quantity of
a less toxic chemical.
78
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Such complex factors are beyond the scope of this National Report. However, EPA
has developed a two-volume book, Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screen-
ing Guide, to assist state and local officials and others in screening for potential risks
posed by TRI releases at particular locales.7 The guide sets forth a qualitative
screening process designed to help set "priorities for follow-up activities and to
determine the data that would be most useful for such evaluations." Follow-up work
could include collecting data to be used for performing a rigorous quantitative risk
assessment in order to determine the actual risk posed to humans and other
environmental organisms.
fatfa^i*Tt»ocnyINDICES FcmseiiEW&THS HISKS OF TBI
""
EPAtfos fej^raM flirty Different &£te% Tifts'ancfer vario^'0HWo»i»ental fews, inctadaig
'' ater Act, aadtfee]3aierge.ney: f&aaiag aad€oa»a#ailyv
i water, aid. land) anst, thus,, th& resuKiag Jisls oftea differ, &QIB each i
*ThJS iii, de^aes the minralurB tfoeshoJd (pounds) of: a ^hentfeal
- ¥^oiife$ reporHftg »u<|% S^jptfopl «eq«ireptteo*& &Qs «re ^etew
type &f expesute attd eifecf* ol'COBfierB foftreleases, !ncfodiagvtne liaUowing
equaled; or exceetleiS,
cat 4epeadlng on t1» -
:: Human Healfli and
Extremely
.
ae list defines thresltdid: piasniag quartdljes~tii& amoufnts of earJi oC the
Sabs^aice^: CS^^nderlpe HI Seefidft 302 of t&&B«^r1|^cyFtoaning an<|
Aet) fttat, Mpresssat at fite Jfacality, ^gpar requlreiHeats to cfevefop plaas to avoid an^'jespoad to poteatial'
Ifeefefetre* if a ebemieal ^s jjSafced relatively; Mgb basefi opraa ils acute ttedc&y, but fead. little
1^x<||^ te> |£CQ*n# titfbomv aad di^sr se ia tli« «o^oo meat,, it would be as$ipeteetse»s!tlve safept^Hitatkais as w&JtaS theayerage jKjpufalioa.llJRDsafe
(AWQC) are^sttniates of concentrations of eherolcals in. sut&ce waters C^esa
79
-------
Chapters
There is no universally accepted "ranking" of chemicals from most toxic to least
toxic. In fact, there are many different lists of toxic chemicals developed by different
organizations and used for a wide range of purposes. EPA, Congress, and the
scientific community have created a variety of lists focusing on chemicals with
shared attributes due to physical and chemical characteristics or because of similar
toxicity concerns. Lists focusing upon particular issues support coordinated regula-
tory efforts.
BOX 3
What is „
trin$fopic0p%*jef<
'" '-- ,~.
^f
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
EPA has developed a number of indices related to the toxicity of various chemicals.
Several of these indices, described in Box 3-E, are useful in risk screening. The basis
for the EPCRA Section 313 list of toxic chemicals is detailed in Box 3-F.
TRI Carcinogens
Of the individual TRI chemicals, 123 are considered carcinogenic for purposes of
this report, and 81 of these were reported by facilities as being released and
transferred in 1989. (See Box 3-G and Appendix B.) Seven percent (411.5 million
pounds) of TRI total releases and transfers were comprised of carcinogens. The 25
carcinogens with the largest releases and transfers accounted for 99 percent of the
TRI carcinogenic total. (See Table 3-16.)
The top 25 TRI carcinogens
made up 99% of the total
releases and transfers of all
TRI carcinogens.
Table 3-16. The 25 Carcinogens with the Largest Releases and Transfers, 1989.
TRI CARCINOGEN CHEMICAL
RANK RANK
13
28
32
33
35
36
42
47
50
53
54
56
59
66
71
72
76
82
83
93
100
101
102
104
106
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Dichloromethane
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Chloroform
Lead
Chromium
Acrylonitrile
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Nickel
Asbestos (friable)
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-strong acid process)
1,3-Butadiene
Acrylamide
Carbon tetrachloride
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Ethylene oxide
Propylene oxide
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
Hexachlorobenzene
Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHER TRI CHEMICALS
GRAND TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Percent of Percent of
Pounds Carcinogens Grand Total
130,355,581
41,169,973
30,058,581
30,042,348
28,591,407
27,325,508
19,872,648
13,403,332
12,280,895
9,509,848
9,493,108
8,944,353
7,661,243
6,136,125
4,625,675
4,607,809
4,233,611
3,708,811
•3,447,067
2,414,341
1,725,392
1,516,708
1,487,562
1,458,420
1,363,697
405,434,043
411,505,400
5,294,164,980
5,705,670,380
31.68
10.00
7.30
7.30
6.95
6.64
4.83
3.26
2.98
2.31
2.31
2.17
1.86
1.49
1.12
1.12
1.03
0.90
0.84
0.59
0.42
0.37
0.36
0.35
0.33
98.52
100.00
92.79
100.00
2.28
0.72
0.53
0.53
0.50
0.48
0.35
0.23
0.22
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.13
0.11
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
7.11
7.21
81
-------
Chapters
BOX 3-a
THE BASIS FOB CM«d'GlN UStlNOS„'
•••• - ' " * ', ,;, ' ',',*'"'' '" ''
Ihfe MateM Safety
T1>e OSBA ^'^^ti'
4 % ,
bn^t*to^te^l^gi^s|3^^r„ ',/'/ '"' ,'
' ,' » V'' ," , , '" ,,
' '/ '7', ^
, - '—
a*Ssbstanees,OiecBp(kiaal Safety sek^'Bft&teh. A^asnlsteali^ft.
"• '• '' * '
, »
The rfp miRwiu$ Jl
tfte
.Chemtcal
Actylorutiife •->
' , , lASjCffil QSHAlK>
2B, „ , "—
2A ^
••ss %%-- ''•,•*'•• * " *
• •: •- 3 HWW
.- *> ^
^ " I *
, ' -2B
Cbroon«m(V1>-
. .
,- P
-2B
82
-------
Toxics Release Inventory Data
•* «<-...«wliv™, ' xpsr*
Dichloromethane dominated releases and transfers of carcinogens, accounting for
32 percent (130.4 million pounds) of the TRI carcinogenic total. (See Table 3-16.)
Dichloromethane was the only carcinogen that was also in the top 25 TRI chemicals
with the largest releases and transfers. (See Table 3-1.) Styrene, ranked number two
for TRI carcinogenic releases and transfers, accounted for 10 percent (41.2 million
pounds) of total TRI releases and transfers of these chemicals. Other top carcinogens
were tetrachloroethylene (30.1 million pounds), formaldehyde (30 million pounds),
and benzene (28.6 million pounds). (See Chapter 6 for further discussion of
dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene, and benzene.)
The top 50 facilities for carcinogenic releases and transfers accounted for 109.0
million pounds, or 26 percent, of (he carcinogenic total. The Du Pont Towanda Plant
in Towanda, Pennsylvania, ranked as the number one facility, with 9.8 million
pounds of releases and transfers of carcinogens (2 percent of the carcinogenic total).
Eastman Kodak in Rochester, New York, ranked second with 7.4 million pounds.
Other top facilities included the Upjohn Company (Kalamazoo, Michigan), GE
Plastics (Mount Vernon, Indiana), and BP Chemicals (Port Lavaca, Texas). (See
Table 3-17.)
Du Pont Towanda and Eastman Kodak in Rochester, New York, both facilities in the
Measuring/Photographic industry (SIC 38) (Measuring, Analyzing, and Controlling
Instalments; Photographic, Medical and Optical Goods; Watches and Clocks), are
ranked first and second, respectively, for total TRI releases and transfers of
dichloromethane. In fact, 100 percent of Du Pont's carcinogenic releases and
transfers, and 96 percent of Eastman Kodak's, were accounted for by dichloromethane.
This chemical is the highest-volume TRI carcinogen, with these two facilities
representing 13 percent of its total TRI releases and transfers. While more than these
two facilities contributed substantially to releases and transfers of dichloromethane,
the totals for some TRI carcinogens were deeply influenced by a single source. Over
three-quarters (77 percent) of the TRI releases of the carcinogen hexachlorobenzene,
for example, were accounted for by one facility, Fermenta Asc. of Houston, Texas.
(See Appendix G, Table G-2.)
Dichloromethane accounted
for about 1/3 of releases and
transfers of all TRI carcino-
-------
Chapters
Table 3-17. The Top 50 TRI Facilities for TRI Total Carcinogenic Releases and Transfers, 1989.
TRI
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
13
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
SIC
CODE
38
38
28
28
28
37
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
33
38
28
28
28
Mult
Mult
33
28
33
28
28
28
Molt
28
28
28
26
28
33
28
None
28
28
33
33
37
28
28
39
28
33
29
28
33
28
33
FAdLTTYNAME
Du Pont Towanda Plant
Eastman Kodak Co.
The Upjohn Co.
GE Plastics
BP Chemicals
General Motors Corp.
Celanese Engineering Resins
Angus Chemical Co.
Abbott Chemicals Inc.
Eli Lilly & Co.
GE Chemicals Inc.
Monsanto Co.
BP Chemicals Inc.
Kennecott Utah Copper
Anitec Image Corp.
Rohm & Haas DYt
Eli Lilly & Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
Hickory Springs Manufacturing
Shell Oil Co.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Monsanto Co.
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
Monsanto Co.
PPG Industries Lie.
Inland Steel Co.
Hercules Inc.
Monsanto Co.
Ferro Corp.
Quin-T Corporation
Ferments Asc
National Steel
Mobay Corp.
PPM Inc.
Norden Laboratories
Merck & Co. Inc.
Johnstown Corp.
USS Clairton Works
Friction Inc.
Ameripol Synpol Co.
GE Plastics
Lamotite
American Cyanamid Co.
GNBInc.
Coastal Refining & Marketing
Du Pont Beaumont Works
Armco Steel Co. LJ?.
Dow Chemical Co.
GNBInc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHER CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
CITY
Towanda
Rochester
Kalamazoo
Mount Vemon
PortLavaca
Monroe
Bishop
Sterlington
Barceloneta
Clinton
Washington
Alvin
Lima
Bingham Canyon
Binghamton
Philadelphia
Shadeland
Westwego
Conover
Deer Park
Claypool
Luling
Follansbcc "
Texas City
Muscatine
Westlake
East Chicago
Magna
Cahokia
Hammond
Erie
Houston
Ecorse
Baytown
Philadelphia
. Lincoln
Albany
Johnstown
Clairton
Irvine
PortNeches
Ottawa
Cleveland
Kalamazoo
Frisco
Corpus Christ!
Beaumont
Middletown
Plaquemine
Vemon
STATE TOTAL TRI CARCINOGENIC
RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
PA
NY
MI
IN
TX
LA
TX
LA
PR
IN
WV
TX
OH
UT
NY
PA
IN
LA
NC
TX
AZ
LA
WV
TX
IA
LA
IN
UT
IL
IN
PA
TX
MI
TX
PA
NE
GA
PA
PA
CA
TX
IL
OH
MI
TX
TX
TX
OH
LA
CA
9,758,732
7^72,980
6,064,108
5,841,154
3,736,322
3,610,567
3,445,840
2,688,140
2,597,740
2,564,500
2,501,305
2,440,000
2,433,950
2,352,850
2345,128
2,158,988 ,
2,129,022
1,879,100
1,849,848
1,724,252
1,718,070
1,642,434
1,570,005
1,556,720
1,556,578
1343,617
1,531,500
1,449,628
1,429,400
1,422,950
1,401,500
1327,309
1309,390
1301,322
1,264,900
1,254,500
1,236,550
1,232,010
1,220,319
1,212,250
1,203,006
1,202,000
1,147,496
1,145,903
1,143,022
1,118,420
1,111,292
1,089,500
1,086,265
1,061,575
108,983,957
302,521,443
411,505,400
2.37
1.79
1.47
1.42
0.91
0.88
0.84
0.65
0.63
0.62
0.61
0.59
0.59
0.57
0.57
052
0.52
0.46
0.45
0.42
0.42
0.40
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.37
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.34
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.27
0.27
0.26
0.26
0.26
26.48
73.52
100.00
84
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
The majority of carcinogenic releases (266.6 million pounds or 65 percent) were
emitted to air, followed by 22 percent transferred to off-site facilities. This is in
contrast to the environmental distribution pattern exhibited by all other TRI releases
and transfers, where only 43 percent of the total was emitted to air, 21 percent was
released to underground injection wells, and 16 percent was transferred off site.
Most TRI carcinogenic releases and transfers were of non-halogenated organic and
halogenated organic chemicals, many of which are volatile and therefore often end
up in the air. Non-halogenated organic and halogenated organic chemicals are more
likely to be released to air than chemicals such as metals and metal compounds and
mineral acids/salts, as demonstrated by the environmental distribution of TRI totals
for each of these classes. (See Table 3-18 and Chapter 6 for further discussion of
non-halogenated organic and halogenated organic chemicals.)
As noted in the discussion of the major TRI chemicals, individual chemicals are
usually released or transferred in one or two predominant ways. This can also be the
case with individual carcinogens. For example, 84 percent of dichloromethane was
emitted to air and 14 percent was transferred off site. (See Table 3-18.) In the case
of dichloromethane, it is notable that the Du Pont Towanda Plant emitted only 29
percent (2.8 million pounds) to air and transferred the majority (71 percent or 7.0
million pounds) off site, while Eastman Kodak emitted 99 percent of its
dichloromethane releases to air.
GEOGRAPHY OF TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
The Role of States in TRI Releases and Transfers
Texas facilities reported the largest TRI total releases and transfers of any other state
or other reporting jurisdiction in 1989, with releases and transfers of 792.8 million
pounds, accounting for 14 percent of all TRI releases and transfers. Louisiana
ranked second with 473.5 million pounds (8 percent of the TRI total). Together, the
top ten states accounted for 56 percent of the national total. American Samoa had the
smallest quantity of releases and transfers with only 27,750 pounds, and the District
of Columbia reported no releases and transfers. (See Figure 3-3, Map 3-1, and Table
3-2.)
The state of California, which ranked 11th in total TRI releases and transfers, had the
largest number of facilities (1,864) reporting to TRI. Alaska, with only six facilities
reporting to TRI, had the largest average releases/transfers per facility (4.2 million
pounds) and four other states and other reporting jurisdiction had averages greater
than one million pounds: Louisiana, Montana, Utah, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
(See Table 3-2.) Except in Louisiana, the size of this average can be explained for
each of these states by the fact that they had relatively few facilities.
Almost 2/3 of the releases
and transfers of TRI
carcinogens went to air.
The top 10 states for TRI
releases and transfers
accounted for 56% of the
1989 TRI total.
-------
Chapters
In many states, one or two facilities dominated the state's total releases and
transfers. In some cases, facilities were among the top 50 facilities for total Till
releases and transfers. In other cases, however, none of a state's facilities ranked in
the top 50 TRI facilities, although they had a significant impact at the state and local
levels. (See Table 3-10; and Appendix H, Table H-2.)
The number one facility for overall TRI releases and transfers in the country, the
Monsanto Company in Alvin, Texas, accounted for 26 percent of Texas's total TRI
releases and transfers. (See Table 3-10; and Appendix H, Table H-2.) The effect of
this Monsanto facility upon TRI trends is discussed in detail in Box 3-D.
An example of a facility that significantly affected state, but not national, totals can
be seen in the state of Maryland, which in 1989 was ranked as the 36th state for tolal
TRI releases and transfers (29.3 million pounds). Not one of its facilities ranked in
the top 50 for total TRI releases and transfers. The number one facility in the state,
which belonged to the Westvaco Corporation in Luke, accounted for 7.9 million
Table 3-18. Environmental Distribution of the 25 Carcinogens with the Largest Releases and Transfers, 1989.
TRI
RANK
13
28
32
33
35
36
42
47
50
53
54
56
59
66
71
72
76
82
83
93
100
101
102
104
106
CARC.
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
CHEMICAL
Dichloromethane
Styrcne
Tetrachloroethylene
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Chloroform
Lead
Chromium
Actylonitrile
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Nickel
Asbestos (friable)
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg. strong acid process)
1,3-Butadicne
Acrylamide
Carbon tetrachloride
Folychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Di-(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Ethylene oxide
Propylene oxide
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
Hexachlorobenzene
Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHER TRI CHEMICALS
GRAND TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
130,355,581
41,169,973
30,058^81
30,042348
28,591,407
27,325,508
19,872,648
13,403332
12,280,895
9,509,848
9,493,108
8,944,353
7,661,243
6,136,125
4,625,675
4,607,809
4,233,611
3,708,811
3,447,067
2,414,341
1,725,392
1,516,708
1,487,562
1,458,420
1363,697
405,434,043
411,505,400
5,294,164,980
5,705,670,380
AIR
Percent
83.83
80.89
84.85
41.79
86.33
88.81
4.34
7.02
35.70
43.22
9.60
0.42
72.91
90.24
0.54
73.08
0.00
29.09
S7.67
74.31
91.99
51.42,
31.47
0.31
93.05
65.45
64.78
40.81
42.54
SURFACE
WATER
Percent
0.17
0.12
0.20
2.79
0.59
4.17
0.16
0.50
0.03
2.34
0.90
0.01
0.14
2.34
0.16
0.34
0.01
0.08
0.10
0.34
0.38
16.25
0.29
0.02
0.22
0.83
0.82
3.51
3.31
LAND
Percent
0.01
0.48
0.04
0.72
0.40
0.26
29.27
24.87
0.04
0.01
13.80
12.01
0.02
0.24
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.70
1.09
0.19
0.01
2.22
0.17
0.00
0.29
3.03
3.08
8.16
7.79
UNDER-
GROUND
Percent
0.57
0.00
0.17
27.78
2.34
0.24
0.00
0.01
47.15
11.01
0.20
0.00
0.24
0.02
95.79
2.65
0.00
0.02
0.47
11.18
0.01
0.00
13.26
0.05
0.03
5.38
5.42
21.88
20.70
86
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory £>ata
pounds (or 27 percent) of the state's total releases and transfers. Westvaco emitted
73 percent (5.8 million pounds) of its total releases and transfers to air and
transferred the remaining 27 percent (2.1 million pounds) to public sewage. The
facility's air releases accounted for one-third of all of Maryland's air releases, while
its transfers to public sewage accounted for almost two-thirds of the state's dis-
charges to POTWs. (See Tables 3-10 and 3-19; and Appendix H, Table H-2.)
Westvaco released and transferred 4.5 million pounds of methanol, with 2.5 million
pounds to air and 2.1 million pounds to public sewage plants. Methanol accounted
for over half of Westvaco's total releases and transfers. Westvaco was responsible
for 87 percent of the state's methanol releases and transfers, making methanol the
chemical in Maryland with the largest releases and transfers, totaling 5.2 million
pounds. Westvaco's second-largest release was 1.0 million pounds of hydrochloric
acid. Hydrochloric acid was the fifth-ranked chemical in Maryland, with Westvaco
accounting for 48 percent of this total. (See Appendix H, Table H-l.)
Table 3-18. Continued.
CHEMICAL
PUBLIC OFF-SITE TOTAL
SEWAGE
Percent Percent Percent
Dichloromethane
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Chloroform
Lead
Chromium
Acrylonitrile
1,2-Dichloroethane
Nickel
Asbestos (friable)
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.— strong acid process)
1,3-Butadienc
Acrylamide
Carbon tetrachloride
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Ethylene oxide
Propylene oxide
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
Hexachlorobenzene
Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHER TRI CHEMICALS
GRAND TOTAL
1.14
1.01
1.65
19.90
3.92
3.91
0.24
2.36
6.42
16.00
1.96
0.46
7.95
0.47
0.72
0.08
0.00
6.11
9.90
13.60
1.56
15.69
2.07
0.00
0.58
3.78
3.78
10.11
9.66
14.28
17.50
13.10
7.02
6.42
2.62
6559
65.24
10.67
27.43
73.54
87.10
18.74
6.68
2.77
23.82
99.97
64.00
0.76
0.38
6.03
14.41
52.76
99.61
5.84
21.54
22.12
15.53
16.00
15.41
18.51
14.75
26.91
10.34
6.53
66.23
67.60
17.08
43.42
75.50
87.57
26.68
7.15
3.49
23.90
99.97
70.12
10.66
13.98
7.59
30.11
54.82
99.61
6.42
25.32
25.89
25.64
25.66
87
-------
Chapters
Table 3-19. Environmental Distribution of the TRI Total
TRI STATE
RANK
14
38
53
29
25
11
42
32
45
54
9
20
47
43
6
5
28
10
21
2
40
36
27
7
24
19
12
33
39
49
44
18
34
17
15
51
3
31
35
8
37
46
23
48
4
1
13
50
52
16
30
26
22
41
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASES AIR
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
137,761,513
24,986,799
27,750
50,764,830
78,955,945
168,825,335
16,357,496
42,963,065
11,919,774
0
192,044,588
117,888,623
3,402,365
15,739,859
247,813,608
255,023,626
55,143,195
185,131,051
111,422,816
473,546,487
18,581,543
29,251,518
56,214,698
220,137364
81,932,154
120,617,983
163,105,846
39,103,261
20,623,709
3,295,677
14,392,899
124,333,859
34,173,505
126,275,855
135,058,190
1358,104
358,677,545
46,752,043
31,499,505
194,216,839
26,826,844
10,878,502
86,615,836
3351,837
263,400,319
792,810,307
148,915352
1,970,055
1,274,235
134,592,526
48,706,760
58,992,213
99,963,906
18,050,866
5,705,670,380
75.20
78.20
100.00
24.87
53.67
48.09
60.75
48.57
52.41
0.00
30.19
63.40
20.13
25.99
38.15
44.31
76.11
15.53
39.40
26.56
81.01
61.11
42.88
41.54
74.94
49.84
28.47
6.40
70.96
20.79
75.65
24.31
8.26
63.52
66.36
89.29
37.12
63.32
59.37
40.57
50.67
55.42
78.94
78.69
57.89
22.68
87.32
57.31
90.99
57.42
56.98
53.61
40.23
20.12
42.54
Releases and Transfers of Each State, 1989.
SURFACE
WATER
Percent
5.43
21.73
0.00
0.00
11.51
6.32
0.75
10.99
5.45
0.00
3.44
4.90
0.28
1.96
6.76
2.12
2.20
0.36
0.69
9.75
1.94
7.73
2.27
0.30
1.72
2.62
0.77
0.27
1.29
0.03
1.06
0.69
0.00
1.37
0.67
0.13
1.70
0.83
1.07
1.17
0.08
4.87
1.38
1.64
2.25
0.76
0.16
6.93
0.09
8.25
31.95
4.13
0.24
0.46
3.31
LAND
Percent
3.75
0.04
0.00
63.67
2.92
3.74
5.47
0.79
0.66
0.00
20.30
2.37
6.21
57.50
4.21
19.82
0.28
0.20
0.56
0.75
2.37
6.65
0.14
10.65
0.10
7.09
16.89
93.21
0.50
69.32
0.43
2.55
90.75
1.73
19.09
0.09
8.46
1.99
6.15
9.92
0.17
0.00
1.21
0.00
4.06
2.68
10.65
2.04
8.92
0.66
0.86
17.26
4.17
1.07
7.79
UNDER-
GROUND
Percent
1.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.90
1.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
29.09
0.01
35.17
0.00
4.32
12.82
0.00
49.48
35.00
60.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.52
0.00
35.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.46
13.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20.88
58.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
78.26
20.70
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Percent
0.97
0.00
0.00
7.96
0.99
27.83
4.08
5.30
27.51
0.00
8.50
7.97
37.84
12.15
23.60
6.11
12.75
1.93
1.89
0.01
6.75
11.16
20.03
6.79
5.94
0.93
46.93
0.08
4.59
0.44
5.10
49.25
0.35
12.54
4.09
4.94
7.90
0.78
23.61
8.46
22.83
13.06
4.41
2.91
8.01
4.58
0.51
3.93
0.00
25.78
1.63
5.80
16.97
0.00
9.66
OFF-SITE TOTAL
Percent Percent
13.53
0.02
0.00
3.50
14.01
12.99
28.94
34.35
13.97
0.00
8.48
21.36
0.36
2.40
22.95
14.82
8.67
32.49
22.45
2.55
7.94
13.35
34.68
38.20
17.30
3.63
6.93
0.05
22.66
9.41
17.75
23.20
0.65
20.85
9.79
5.56
28.36
19.94
9.80
39.88
26.25
26.66
14.06
16.76
6.90
10.76
1.36
29.80
0.00
7.89
8.58
19.20
38.39
0.10
16.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
0.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
88
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
The Role of Counties in TRI Releases and Transfers
TRI state totals were often concentrated in one or a few counties. In fact, facilities
in the top 25 counties8 (ranked by releases and transfers) out of a nationwide total of
over 3,000 counties accounted for 37 percent of all TRI releases and transfers in the
nation in 1989. Brazoria County, Texas, and Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, were the
top two counties in the nation, accounting for 225.4 million pounds and 196.1
million pounds, respectively. Brazoria County contributed 28 percent to the total
releases and transfers of Texas, and Jefferson Parish contributed 41 percent of
Louisiana's TRI total. The third ranked county, Sedgewick County, Kansas, ac-
counted for 83 percent of its state's total. (See Map 3-3 and Table 3-3.)
Five Texas counties were in the TRI top 25 and accounted for 75 percent of the
state's total releases and transfers. Of the top 25 counties, four of them accounted for
at least 50 percent of their respective state's total: Sedgewick County, Kansas (83
percent of the state total); Tooele County, Utah (80 percent of the state total);
Jefferson County, Kentucky (51 percent of the state total); and Lewis and Clark
County, Montana (94 percent of the state total). (See Map 3-3 and Table 3-3.)
In most cases, just a few facilities were responsible for most of a county's releases
and transfers. For example, in four of the top five counties, four or fewer facilities
accounted for at least 75 percent of the county's total releases and transfers. (See
Table 3-20.)
The top 25 counties
accounted for 37% of all TRI
releases and transfers In
1989.
Map 3-3. Top 100 Counties for TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989.
89
-------
Chapter 3
Facilities In only 50 cities
accounted for 41% of all TRI
releases and transfers In
1989.
The Role of Cities in TRI Releases and Transfers
The localized concentrations of TRI state totals are further shown by the fact that
facilities in just 50 cities accounted for 2.4 billion pounds, or 41 percent, of the total
national TRI releases and transfers in 1989.9 These 50 cities included only 7 percent
(1,570 facilities) of the total TRI facilities nationwide. Alvin, Texas, which ranked
sixth in 1988, was the number one city with the largest releases and transfers in 1989.
Other top-ranked cities included Westwego, Louisiana; Wichita, Kansas; Tooele,
Utah; and Beaumont, Texas. (See Table 3-4.)
As in 1987 and 1988, the most industrialized cities (those with the most facilities
reporting to TRI) were not always the ones with the largest releases and transfers.
For example, 136 facilities in Cleveland, Ohio (with a population of roughly
570,000), reported releases and transfers totaling 21.2 million pounds, or 7 percent
of the state's total, whereas in Lima, Ohio (with a population of about 47,000), just
16 facilities accounted for 57.9 million pounds of releases and transfers, or 16
percent of the state's total. (See Table 3-4.)
The releases and transfers of top-ranked cities, like top-ranked counties, were often
dominated by releases and transfers from just a few individual facilities. For
example, while 23 facilities in Kalamazoo, Michigan, reported total releases and
transfers of 26.6 million pounds, just one facility, the Upjohn Company, accounted
for 87 percent (23 million pounds) of this total. In Louisville, Kentucky, 66 facilities
Table 3-20. Major Facilities in the Five Counties with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989.
COUNTY
Brazoria
Jefferson
Scdgwick
Scdgwick
Ascension
Ascension
Ascension
Ascension
Harris
STATE
TX
LA
KS
KS
LA
LA
LA
LA
TX
SIC
CODE
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
FACILITY NAME
Monsanto Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
Vulcan Chemicals
Atochem N.A.-Racon Facility
SUBTOTAL
BASF Corp.
Triad Chemical
Arcadian Corp.
Freeport McMoran, Agrico Chem. Div.
SUBTOTAL
Air Products Mfg Corp.
TOTAL FOR NINE FACILITIES
CITY
Alvin
Westwego
Wichita
Wichita
Geismar
Donaldsonville
Geismar
Donaldsonville
Pasadena
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
206,533,205
192,350,800
92,349,716
54^05,751
146,855,467
40,802,088
26,152,046
24,967,500
17,254,750
109,176,384
15,190,634
926,138,341
PERCENT OF
COUNTY
TOTAL
91.61
98.08
95.29
77.02
11.44
90
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
reported total releases and transfers of 56.7 million pounds, but one facility alone,
Du Pont, generated 70 percent (39.8 million pounds) of that total. (See Tables 3-4
and 3-6.)
Geography of TR! Chemicals and Chemical Classes
The chemical composition of TRI totals varied from state to state. Methanol and
ammonium sulfate (solution) were the TRI chemicals most often ranked number one
out of a state's total releases and transfers in 1989 (ten and eight times, respectively).
Toluene, while not ranked as the number one chemical in a state or other reporting
jurisdiction as often as methanol or ammonium sulfate (solution), was ranked as a
top ten chemical for total TRI releases and transfers in 47 states, while methanol was
ranked in the top ten chemicals for state releases and transfers 40 times and
ammonium sulfate (solution) was a top chemical 22 times. (See Appendix H, Table
H-l. See Chapter 6 for further discussion of the role of toluene in TRI totals.)
In contrast to these fairly ubiquitous chemicals, carbon disulfide, although ranked
15th in TRI total releases and transfers, was a top ten chemical for only four states
and other reporting jurisdictions: Alabama, Louisiana, Puerto Rico, and Tennessee.
It ranked as the number one chemical in Alabama, with 45.5 million pounds
representing 33 percent of the total releases and transfers for the state, as well as 45
percent of all TRI carbon disulfide releases and transfers. The Courtaulds Fibers
facility, located in Axis, Alabama, was responsible for 96 percent (43.7 million
pounds) of the state's carbon disulfide releases and transfers. (See Table 3-10; and
Appendix H, Tables H-l and H-2.)
As the role of individual chemicals varied within each state, so did that of the
chemical classes. The chemical class distribution seen in each state is largely
determined by the state's dominant industries, which often show a concentration of
particular chemicals and classes. For example, 81 percent of the releases and
transfers in Kansas were composed of mineral acids/salts in 1989 and 12 percent
were non-halogenated organics. Eighty-six percent of the releases and transfers in
Kansas were reported by facilities in the Chemical industry, a majority of whose
releases were mineral acids/salts. (See Tables 3-10, 3-21, 3-22; and Appendix H,
Table H-2.)
Geography of TRI Carcinogens
Texas, the number one state for total TRI releases and transfers, was also the number
one state for releases and transfers of TRI carcinogens, accounting for 10 percent
(42.9 million pounds) of the TRI carcinogenic total in 1989. Pennsylvania ranked
second, with 8 percent (32.8 million pounds) of the carcinogenic total. Although
Pennsylvania was number two for carcinogenic releases, it ranked eighth in total
TRI releases and transfers. Consequently, a higher percentage (17 percent) of
Pennsylvania's state total was carcinogenic as opposed to Texas, where only 5
percent of the state total was carcinogenic. Other states with large releases and
Methanol, ammonium sulfate
(solution), and toluene were
top TRI chemicals in many
states.
Texas was the top state for
the release and transfer of
TRI carcinogens.
91
-------
Chapters
Tablo 3-21. TRI Total Releases and Transfers In Each State by Chemical Class, 1989.
TRI STATE TOTAL RELEASES
RANK AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
14
38
S3
29
25
11
42
32
45
54
9
20
47
43
6
5
28
10
21
2
40
36
27
7
24
19
12
33
39
49
44
18
34
17
15
51
3
31
35
8
37
46
23
48
4
1
13
50
52
16
30
26
22
41
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL
137,761,513
24,986,799
27,750
50,764,830
78,955,945
168,825335
16357/196
42,963,065
11,919,774
0
192,044,588
117,888,623
3,402365
15,739,859
247,813,608
255,023,626
55,143,195
185,131,051
111,422,816
473,546,487
18,581,543
29,251,518
56,214,698
220,137364
81,932,154
120,617,983
163,105,846
39,103,261
20,623.709
3,295.677
14392,899
124,333,859
34,173405
126,275,855
135,058,190
1358,104
358,677,545
46,752,043
31,499,505
194,216,839
26.826,844
10,878,502
86,615,836
3351.837
263,400319
792,810307
148,915352
1,970,055
1,274,235
134,592,526
48,706.760
58.992,213
99,963,906
18,050,866
5.705,670,380
ORGANICS
Percent
66.65
12.95
0.00
17.69
3233
28.99
36.09
38.76
75.93
0.00
26.26
54.45
1745
8.25
34.46
34.92
58.88
12.42
3733
20.26
45.57
42.91
52.12
50.40
78.87
32.12
24.88
3.94
36.82
23.73
37.67
64.13
3.14
48.79
53.14
77.69
35.16
28.23
6734
41.80
59.70
54.33
68.94
61.43
52.62
29.15
1.53
46.29
95.40
5644
33.89
55.01
40.70
8.69
36.75
MINERAL
ACIDS/SALTS
Percent
9.31
10.93
0.00
9.41
28.81
27.57
11.52
8.55
7.51
0.00
52.33
14.70
73.24
45.04
3242
19.48
3.49
80.51
39.73
55.66
21.57
1749
17.58
11.57
5.23
41.35
44.88
1.54
7.44
6.67
7.79
14.55
12.28
12.40
16.19
5.35
29.80
33.18
5.03
15.53
8.01
9.05
4.21
3.75
29.64
54.97
8.91
19.99
0.00
30.76
39.79
8.85
22.14
79.46
32.23
METALS
Percent
8.44
0.01
0.00
59.00
10.75
5.20
13.81
9.05
2.33
0.00
1.45
12.12
0.15
2.07
16.60
24.58
5.28
1.31
13.96
0.66
2.78
13.14
4.90
26.96
1.98
5.16
19.36
92.66
19.85
66.35
5.08
11.37
82.02
11.01
9.30
1.56
20.07
448
6.93
20.37
0.46
4.61
6.44
2.68
7.24
4.03
8.44
4.07
0.44
2.48
3.33
18.07
22.83
0.07
11.44
HALO- NON-
ORGANICS METALS
Percent Percent
10.05
1.08
0.00
10.82
9.95
25.95
34.94
42.19
11.52
0.00
5.09
11.67
2.55
7.74
11.10
15.44
12.13
3.30
7.10
2.39
18.19
14.10
23.43
8.93
12.06
7.61
841
0.23
16.30
1.16
37.56
7.34
2.55
25.07
16.54
12.32
8.33
10.21
12.95
17.13
26.78
31.18
15.17
25.63
6.45
4.67
4.57
25.38
0.22
7.07
15.67
1333
11.84
0.17
9.84
5.48
75.03
100.00
2.87
18.15
12.13
3.40
1.45
2.71
0.00
14.80
7.06
6.52
36.90
5.25
3.50
20.23
2.46
1.87
21.01
11.90
12.04
1.07
2.09
1.86
13.76
2.17
1.63
19.58
2.09
11.90
2.61
0.02
2.72
4.83
3.08
5.92
23.72
7.74
5.17
5.05
0.83
5.23
6.20
4.04
7.17
76.55
4.27
3.94
2.99
7.32
4.68
2.49
11.60
9.57
MIXTURES TRADE TOTAL
SECRETS
Percent Percent Percent
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.16
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.07
2.07
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.21
0.86
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.72
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
0.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
92
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table3-22. TRI Releases and Transfers of Each Industry by Chemical Class, 1989.
SIC
CODE
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Mult
None
INDUSTRY TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
67,803,337
1,485,626
46,081356
2,059,373
37,824,596
65,369,507
313,254,241
60,923,661
2,745,768,071
103,136,599
194,502,619
24,861,979
47,485,910
756,808,577
207,383,999
74,922,470
145,758,174
245,316,145
69335,397
38,886,447
Multiple codes 20-39 437,278,275
No codes 20-39
TOTAL
19,224,021
5,705,670,380
ORGANICS
Percent
15.48
54.03
58.27
44.40
87.86
93.25
61.73
89.78
31.65
55.12
68.62
52.40
31.70
6.62
42.98
31.64
32.82
63.40
40.93
65.67
45.76
39.09
36.75
MINERAL ACIDS/ METALS HALO- NON-
SALTS ORGANICS METALS
Percent Percent Percent Percent
50.92
0.01
14.53
9.97
0.99
0.59
20.66
0.87
51.79
5.26
2.33
23.65
24.30
18.38
20.50
7.28
14.52
5.54
2.13
1.60
12.08
27.84
32.23
1.09
1.32
0.79
7.72
1.05
0.28
1.92
0.47
2.75
3.10
3.95
9.31
18.90
52.63
12.61
12.83
9.74
3.70
2.11
8.00
19.24
3.03
11.44
1.56
0.02
18.64
32.21
2.17
5.84
8.11
8.65
4.06
0.41
23.39
2.99
6.73
4.23
23.42
47.49
40.71
26.17
54.34
23.23
14.49
22.69
9.84
30.86
44.63
7.78
4.80
3.65
0.04
7.51
0.23
9.73
36.12
1.44
11.65
12.16
17.99
0.43
0.68
1.89
1.15
0.49
1.44
7.84
7.34
9.57
MIXTURES
Percent
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.90
4.29
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.27
0.00
6.20
0.14
0.06
0.05
031
0.04
0.00
0.07
0.59
0.01
0.17
TRADE TOTAL
SECRETS
Percent Percent
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
6.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0:00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
transfers of carcinogens were Indiana (27.5 million pounds), Ohio (25.6 million
pounds), and Louisiana (21.3 million pounds). (See Figure 3-7, Map 3-4, and Table
3-23.)
The particular carcinogens released and transferred by each state varied consider-
ably. Texas, which had the largest total carcinogenic releases and transfers, ac-
counted for only 2.5 percent (3.3 million pounds) of the nation's TRI releases and
transfers of dichloromethane, the number one carcinogen. Indiana was the state with
the largest releases and transfers of this carcinogen, accounting for 14.2 million
pounds, or 11 percent of the dichloromethane total. Three facilities in Indiana were
responsible for 72 percent of the state's dichloromethane releases and transfers:
General Electric Plastics in Mount Vernon (5.8 million pounds), Eli Lilly &
93
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Chapters
Million of Pounds
• > 25
10 to 25
5 to 10
1 to 5
D 0 to 1
Map 3-4. Total Releases and Transfers of Carcinogens.
Millions of Pounds
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
a
;
•
• •
II
• •
• •
II
i • • •
i in
OH LA CA
Figure 3-7. The Ten States with the Largest Carcinogenic Releases and Transfers, 1989.
94
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-23. TRI Total Carcinogenic Releases and Transfers by State, 1989.
TRI
RANK
CARC.
RANK
STATE
CARCINOGENIC RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Percent of Percent of
Pounds Care. Total State Total
14
38
53
29
25
11
42
32
45
54
9
20
47
43
6
5
28
10
21
2
40
36
27
7
24
19
12
33
39
49
44
18
34
17
15
51
3
31
35
8
37
46
23
48
4
1
13
50
52
16
30
26
22
41
13
45
53
33
28
6
34
15
41
54
16
11
49
42
10
3
29
35
21
5
39
37
24
8
25
22
17
44
38
52
36
18
47
7
9
48
4
32
31
2
27
40
19
46
12
1
30
50
43
20
26
14
23
51
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL
10,297,989
302,184
0
3,141,195
5336,292
21,213,798
3,103,477
8,188,481
1,149,949
0
7,600,174
12,253,418
96^27
902,263
15,142,669
27,493,691
4,881,991
2,817,761
6,602,511
21,261,343
1,648,714
2,013,651
5,742,330
17,116398
5,714,368
6308,639
7,550,967
381,067
1,999,068
60,187
2,119,057
7,511,749
122,159
18,880,805
15,404,669
97,012
25,613,151
3,233,560
3,665,815
32,801,168
5,459,541
1325^14
7,259,579
144,293
11,783,238
42^12,618
4,688,934
92,089
383,714
6,693,004
5,613,359
9,251,588
6,042,055
85,827
411,505,400
2.50
0.07
0.00
0.76
1.30
5.16
0.75
1.99
0.28
0.00
1.85
2.98
0.02
0.22
3.68
6.68
1.19
0.68
1.60
5.17
0.40
0.49
1.40
4.16
1.39
1.53
1.83
0.09
0.49
0.01
0.51
1.83
0.03
4.59
3.74
0.02
6.22
0.79
0.89
7.97
1.33
0.32
1.76
0.04.
2.86
10.43
1.14
0.02
0.09
1.63
1.36
2.25
1.47
0.02
100.00
7.48
1.21
0.00
6.19
6.76
12.57
18.97
19.06
9.65
0.00
3.96
10.39
2.83
5.73
6.11
10.78
8.85
142
5.93
4.49
8.87
6.88
10.21
7.78
6.97
5.23
4.63
0.97
9.69
1.83
14.72
6.04
0.36
14.95
11.41
7.14
7.14
6.92
11.64
16.89
20.35
12.18
8.38
430
4.47
5.41
3.15
4.67
30.11
4.97
11.52
15.68
6.04
0.48
7.21
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
137,761413
24,986,799
27,750
50,764,830
78,955,945
168,825335
16357,496
42,963,065
11,919,774
0
192,044488
117,888,623
3,402,365
15,739,859
247,813,608
255,023,626
55,143,195
185,131,051
111,422,816
473,546,487
18481443
29251418
56,214,698
220,137364
81,932,154
120,617,983
163,105,846
39,103,261
20,623,709
3,295,677
14392,899
124,333,859
34,173405
126,275,855
135,058,190
1358,104
358,677445
46,752,043
31,499405
194,216,839
26,826,844
10,878402
86,615,836
3351,837
263,400319
792,810307
148,915352
1,970,055
1,274,235
134,592426
48,706,760
58,992,213
99,963,906
18,050,866
5,705,670,380
95
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Chapters
In 1989, Texas was the
number 1 stale for TRI air
releases and underground
Injection. Louisiana was
ranked 1st for surface water
discharges.
Company in Clinton (2.6 million pounds), and Eli Lilly & Company in Shadeland
(1.9 million pounds). (See Appendix G, Tables G-l and G-2; and Appendix H, Table
H-3.)
TRI Environmental Distribution by State
In each state, environmental distribution patterns depend upon the particular types
of TRI facilities within that state and the envkonmental distribution of the TRI
chemicals that those facilities release and transfer. Compare, for example, the
environmental distribution of releases and transfers in New Jersey with those in
Kansas. New Jersey transferred one-half of all its TRI chemicals in waste to public
sewage, and approximately one-quarter to air and one-quarter off site. Kansas, on
the other hand, released one-half of its TRI amounts to underground injection wells,
while one-third was transferred off site and most of the remainder released to air. As
noted earlier, individual facilities often governed these totals: Vulcan Chemical, in
Wichita, Kansas, contributed half of that state's total TRI releases and transfers, and
accounted for approximately 100 percent of that state's underground injection total
(91.5 million pounds). (See Table 3-19.)
For each type of envkonmental release, different states predominated. For example,
Texas was the number one state for total ak releases and releases to underground
injection wells. Louisiana dominated releases to surface water and was second for
underground injection wells. Indiana topped thepn-site land releases, whereas Ohio
was number one for off-site transfers. Missouri ranked fkst for transfers to public
sewage. One or two facilities often played a significant role in a state's envkonmen-
tal releases. For example, 89 percent (44.8 million pounds) of Indiana's on-site land
releases were from one facility: Inland Steel in East Chicago. (See Maps 3-5 through
3-10 and Table 3-13.)
TRI Industrial Distribution by State
The types of industries located in a state clearly influence its chemical and
envkonmental distribution. While the Chemical industry is by far the most domi-
nant industry as relates to national TRI totals, it is not necessarily so in every stole.
For example, in Oregon the Paper industry accounted for 35 percent of the state's
1989 TRI releases and transfers, due largely to Boise Cascade Papers in Saint
Helens, the facility with the largest releases and transfers in the state (accounting for
22 percent of the state TRI total). (See Appendix H, Tables H-2 and H-4.)
Interstate Commerce in TRI Chemicals
Off-site transfers are often shipped across state borders to off-site facilities for
treatment, storage, and/or disposal. In fact, of the 53 jurisdictions reporting releases
and transfers to TRI in 1989, only American Samoa and the U.S. Vkgin Islands did
not send off-site transfers out of thek jurisdiction. And only Vermont, Puerto Rico,
Hawaii, American Samoa, and the U.S. Vkgin Islands did not receive any off-site
transfers originating from out of thek own jurisdiction. Thus, the large majority of
states shipped at least part of thek off-site transfers out-of-state, but they also
96
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Millions of Pounds
> 100
50 to 100
1 25 to 50
II 10 to 25
n o to 10
Map 3-5. TRI Total Air Emissions, 1989.
Million of Pounds
> 20
10 to 20
H 2.5 to 10
HI 0.5 to 2.5
0 to 0.5
Map 3-6. TRI Surface Water Discharges, 1989.
97
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Chapters
Map 3-7. TRI On-slte Land Releases, 1989.
Millions of Pounds
• > 50
25 to 50
H 10 to 25
11 1 to 10
D o to 1
Millions of Pounds
> 250
50 TO 250
ill 1 TO 50
< 1
NONE REPORTED
Map 3-8. TRI Discharges to Underground Injection Wells, 1989.
98
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
> 50
20 to 50
II 5 to 20
H 1 to 5
n o to 1
Map 3-9. TRI Transfers to Public Sewage, 1989.
\_ /fc^-k>^
>T\Y
Millions of Pounds
> 100
50 to 100
1 10 to 50
1 1 to 10
n o to 1
Map 3-10. TRI Off-site Transfers, 1989.
99
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Chapters
Table 3-24. TR1 Off-Site Transfers Sent Out of State and Received from Out of State by Each State, 1989.
TOTAL
TRI
RANK
STATE
WASTE RECEIVED FROM
OOT-OF-STATE FACILITIES
Pounds
Rank
WASTE SENT TO OUT-
OF-STATE FACILITIES
Percent of
Off-site
Pounds Rank Transfers
NET DIFFERENCED)
Pounds
14
38
53
29
25
11
42
32
45
54
9
20
47
43
6
5
28
10
21
2
40
36
27
7
24
19
12
33
39
49
44
18
34
17
15
51
3
31
35
8
37
46
23
48
4
1
13
50
52
16
30
26
22
41
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Unknown/Foreign (b)
22,533,436
1,250
0
1,747,208
8,241,618
1374,803
495,830
4365,207
37,628
500
1,011,737
2,926,398
0
451,085
24,448301
15,724,127
84,232
1,850,367
9,299,039
33,522,216
52,506
1,034,262
5367,706
22,075,620
5,846,934
373361
5,859,735
471,922
25,458
680,143
72315
20,665331
428330
8/H8.967
3,291,667
1,500
47,411311
9,209,257
793335
23357,544
0
687,787
10,581,098
14,819
5,881,819
13371,928
1,608,226
0
0
4,009,818
596,101
8,672,419
10,648,742
3,246
8,588,470
5
48
54
26
16
28
35
21
43
49
30
24
52
37
3
8
40
25
12
2
42
29
20
6
19
39
18
36
44
33
41
7
38
15
23
47
1
13
31
4
51
32
11
45
17
9
27
50
53
22
34
14
10
46
8,764,718
3,500
0
1,004,952
9,739,281
4,988,605
3,260,943
9,560,593
1,409,244
0
9351,002
12,898,149
750
346323
18,882319
13,743,954
2,090,119
2,876,674
8,224,099
3,922,866
935,885
2,833,006
11,642,038
18335,479
8,699,059
3,964,566
8,110,193
15,815
819,476
240,775
2,464,009
12313,964
213,495
13,001,614
6,481,609
72,491
34308,405
2,275,207
1,019,568
43,160,017
145,125
2^30,593
3,215,517
430,006
6,778,797
24323,627
1,153,108
570,661
0
7,739,383
962,271
8,810,540
8,964,936
17333
16
50
53
37
11
23
26
12
34
54
13
8
51
43
4
6
33
28
18
25
39
29
10
5
17
24
19
49
40
44
31
9
45
7
22
47
2
32
36
1
46
30
27
42
21
3
35
41
52
20
38
15
14
48
47.02
60.87
56.61
88.02
22.74
68.89
64.78
84.64
58.62
51.23
6.07
91.66
33.20
36.37
43.74
4.78
32.88
32.53
63.44
72.53
59.72
22.04
61.38
90.64
71.72
86.87
17.53
77.64
96.43
42.70
96.85
49.39
49.01
96.01
33.73
24.40
33.04
55.72
2.06
87.26
26.41
76.55
37.27
28.75
57.09
97.22
72.88
23.02
77.80
23.36
99.51
13,768,718
-2,250
0
742,256
-1,497,663
-3,613,802
-2,765,113
-5,195,386
-1371,616
500
-8339,265
-9571,751
-750
104,762
5365,982
1,980,173
-2,005,887
-1,026,307
1,074,940
29399350
-883379
-1,798,744
-6,274,332
3340,141
-2,852,125
-3391,205
-2,250,458
456,107
-794,018
439368
-2391,694
8351,367
214,835
-4382,647
-3,189,942
-70,991
13,102,906
6,934,050
-226,233
-19,802,473
-145,125
-1,842,806
7365,581
-415,187
-896,978
-11,151,699
455,118
-570,661
0
-3,729,565
-366,170
-138,121
1,683,806
-14,087
(a) The net difference Is equal to the amount of waste received from out-of-state facilities minus the amount of waste sent to out-
of-state facilities. Therefore, a negative number indicates that a state shipped more wastes out-of-state than It received, resulting
In a net export. A positive number Indicates that a state received more wastes from out-of-state than it sent out-of-state resulting
In a net Import.
(b) The receiving state could not be determined from the form or the waste was shipped to a foreign country.
100
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
received TRI chemicals in wastes sent from other states. A total of 384.2 million
pounds (38 percent) of TRI off-site transfers were shipped across state lines. This
amount represents 6 percent of all TRI total releases and transfers. (See Table 3-24.)
Seven states ranked among the top ten for both those states sending TRI off-site
transfers to other states and those states receiving such wastes from other states.
These states were Pennsylvania, Ohio, Texas, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana and New
Jersey. Thus, to a large extent, states in which facilities sent significant TRI amounts
across the state border also received comparable amounts from out of state. In some
cases, the wastes containing TRI chemicals were sent to a foreign country or the off-
site location is unknown because the TRI facility did not supply the full address
correctly. (See Table 3-24.)
Most states both ship wastes out of state and have waste management facilities that
receive wastes from TRI facilities in other states. Facilities send their wastes out of
state for a variety of reasons. Waste management facilities within the state may not
handle the particular wastes needing off-site treatment, storage, or disposal. Facili-
ties may prefer to send their wastes to another facility owned by the same parent
company so that they can closely control how the waste is handled. The distance and
cost of transporting the wastes may be less to a nearby facility that happens to be
across state lines. (See Appendix H, Table H-5 for a tabulation of each state's TRI
off-site transfers and where they were sent.)
Pennsylvania was the number one exporter of TRI chemicals in wastes across state
borders, shipping 43.2 million pounds, or 56 percent of its total off-site transfers,
out-of-state. Thus, Pennsylvania sent more of its off-site transfers to out-of-state
treatment, storage, or disposal locations than to in-state locations. On the other hand,
Pennsylvania ranked fourth for the amount of TRI chemicals in waste received from
other states. A total of 23.4 million pounds of TRI chemicals in wastes was shipped
to Pennsylvania treatment, storage, or disposal locations from out-of-state facilities.
The net result of the amount of waste Pennsylvania transferred out-of-state minus
the amount of waste transferred into the state from other states was 19.8 million
pounds. In other words, Pennsylvania transferred more TRI chemicals in wastes to
other states (19.8 million pounds more) than it received. Therefore, while Pennsyl-
vania generated total TRI releases and transfers of 194.2 million pounds, it ended up
with 19.8 million pounds (or 10 percent) less of TRI chemicals in wastes in-state due
to the net difference in interstate transfers. (See Tables 3-2 and 3-24.) Texas ranked
as the second state exporting TRI chemicals, with a net export of 11.2 million
pounds, Georgia was third with 10.0 million pounds, Florida was fourth with 8.5
million pounds, and Massachusetts was fifth with a net export of 6.3 million pounds.
(See Figure 3-8 and Table 3-24.)
The top five facilities in Pennsylvania and in Texas for shipping TRI chemicals in
wastes out-of-state are presented in Table 3-25. The Du Pont Towanda plant in
Towanda, Pennsylvania, sent 7.5 million pounds (almost 100 percentof the facility's
off-site transfers and 71 percent of its total releases and transfers) to other states. The
Occidental Chemical Corporation in Deer Park, Texas, was the facility in that state
Pennsylvania facilities
reported the largest net
export of TRI chemicals in
1989.
101
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Chapters
N*t Millions of Pounds Exported
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
I I
I I
I I
! i
•• • • • • • 1
PA
TX
GA
FL
MA
CT
NY
VA
CA
MS
Rgure 3-8. The Ten States with the Largest Net Export of TRI Off-site Transfers to Other
States, 1989.
Louisiana was the state with
tho largest net import of TRI
chemicals in wastes.
which sent the largest amount of TRI chemicals in wastes out-of-state, a total of 6.1
million pounds (100 percent of the facility's off-site transfers and 96 percent of its
total releases and transfers). In most cases, the majority of TRI chemicals in wastes
sent out of state by a facility were sent to one state. For example, a total of 96 percent
(7.2 million pounds) of the Du Pont Towanda Plant's out-of-state transfers were sent
to Ohio and all of Occidental Chemical Corporation's out-of-state transfers were
shipped to Louisiana.
Louisiana was the state with the largest net import of TRI chemicals in wastes,
importing 29.6 million pounds more from other states than it exported to them. Thus,
while Louisiana generated TRI releases and transfers totalling 473.5 million pounds,
the state ended up with an additional 29.6 million pounds (6 percent more) of TRI
chemicals in wastes from other states. Other top states with large net imports were
Alabama (13.8 million pounds), Ohio (13.1 million pounds), New Jersey (8.4
million pounds), and South Carolina (7.4 million pounds). (See Figure 3-9 and Table
3-24.)
Toluene was the chemical with the largest amount of off-site transfers sent out-of-
state, a total of 37.2 million pounds, which accounted for 11 percent of all out-of-
state transfers. Other chemicals with large out-of-state transfers were zinc com-
pounds (20.8 million pounds), methanol (20.0 million pounds), acetone (17.2
102
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-25. The Five Facilities in Pennsylvania and Texas with the Largest Off-Site Transfers Sent Out-of-
State. 1989. . •
SHIPPING
STATE
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
SIC FACILITY NAME CITY
CODE
38 Du Pont Towanda Plant Towanda
TOTAL
28 Rohm & Haas Delaware Valley Bristol
TOTAL
28 Lord Corp. Saegertown
TOTAL
28 Heico Chemicals Inc. Delaware Water Gap
TOTAL
28 Rohm & Haas DVI Philadelphia
TOTAL
28 Occidental Chemical Corp. Deer Park
TOTAL
33 North Star Steel Texas Inc. Rose City
TOTAL
28 DuPont La Porte
TOTAL
28 FermentaAsc Houston
TOTAL
33 Lone Star Steel Co. Lone Star
TRANSFERS SENT
OUT-OF-STATE
Pounds
8,692
124
290,043
7,229,400
7,528,259
3,904
1,048,389
37,602
404,470
18,665
1,298,897
1,598,950
1,598,950
1,471,000
1380,666
28,342
1,409,008
6,052,000
6,052,000
3,510,551
3,510,551
2,312,281
243,716
911,531
3,467,528
289,858
100,915
1,647,352
2,038,125
23,464
1,257,000
8,277
RECEIVING
STATE
IL
NJ
NY
OH
AL
KY
LA
NJ
SC
TX
2,811,927
OH
NJ
1,471,000
NJ
SC
LA
LA
IL
LA
WV
AL
AR
LA
AR
LA
OK
\TOTAL
1,288,741
103
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Chapters
Net Millions of Pounds Imported
30
25
20
15
10
5
I I I I I I I
LA AL OH NJ SC OK IL Ml IN Wl
Rguro 3-9. The Ten States with the Largest Net Import of TRI Off-site Transfers from Other States, 1989.
million pounds), and xylene (mixed isomers) (17.2 million pounds). The top 25
chemicals with the largest amounts sent across state lines accounted for 78 percent
of all TRI off-site transfers shipped out of state. (See Table 3-26.)
INDUSTRIAL PATTERNS OF TRI RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
Industry groups discussed in this report are based on the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) codes, described in Appendix C. The SIC codes, which were
developed by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget to identify industrial
sectors, consist of four digits. The first two digits are used for identifying broad
industrial sectors, and the last two digits represent a facility's specialty within this
sector. For example, SIC 26, the Paper and Allied Products category, includes
sectors from pulp mills to manufacturers of envelopes. This category consists of 17
four-digit classifications, including Paperboard Mills (SIC code 2631), Sanitary
Food Containers (SIC code 2656), and Stationery Tablets (SIC code 2678). While
facilities are required to report their four-digit SIC codes to TRI, the analysis in this
report is usually based upon the broader two-digit SIC code categories. It should be
noted that facilities must list all of the SIC codes within the range of 20-39 (the
manufacturing sector) that cover their activities involving TRI chemicals. Those
104
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-26. The 25 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-Site Transfers Sent Out-of-State,
1989.
RANK CHEMICAL
OFF-SITE TRANSFERS
SENT OUT-OF-STATE
Pounds Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Toluene
Zinc compounds
Methanol
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Sulfuric acid
Zinc (fume or dust)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Hydrochloric acid
Dichloromethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Nitric acid
Ethylene glycol
Copper
Manganese
Lead compounds
Lead
Manganese compounds
Chromium compounds
Styrene
Glycol ethers
Nickel compounds
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Chlorobenzene
Copper compounds
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
37,207,737
20,755,969
19,991,068
17,224,782
17,219,642
16,899,620
16,270,438
16,027,763
14,737386
13,139,482
8,775,652
8,027,124
7,335,965
6,497,121
5,981,521
5,867,310
5,482,466
5,394,685
5,114,497
4,197,401
4,048,289
3,978,177
3,823,703
3,801,965
3,738,969
271,538,732
76,677,927
348,216,659
10.69
5.96
5.74
4.95
4.95
4.85
4.67
4.60
4.23
3.77
2.52
2.31
2.11
1.87
1.72
1.68
1.57
1.55
1.47
1.21
1.16
1.14
1.10
1.09
1.07
77.98
22.02
100.00
diversified facilities which listed more than one two-digit SIC code were catego-
rized for this report in the Multiple Codes category (Multiple SIC codes 20-39). The
facilities which reported to TRI that were not associated with any of the SIC codes
20-39 were categorized together in the No Codes group.10
Reports from facilities in more than one industrial category (Multiple Codes) may
lead to the underestimation of the amount of chemicals released and transferred by
some industries. For instance, the Primary Metals industry (SIC 33) was frequently
one of the two (or more) SIC codes reported by facilities with multiple classifica-
tions, but the releases and transfers from those facilities cannot be assigned to those
of the Primary Metals industry because the portion which originated from the metals
operations versus other activities is not known. (See Box 3-H and discussion later in
this chapter on four-digit SIC codes in 1989 TRI data. See Chapter 8 for how the SIC
codes are reported.)
705
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Chapters
The Chemical Industry
accounted for 43% of total
TR1 releases and transfers In
1989.
Overall Industrial Distribution of TRI Releases and
Transfers
As in 1988, the Chemical industry dominated TRI releases and transfers, accounting
for almost half (48 percent) of the TRI total. That industry reported releases and
transfers totaling 2.8 billion pounds, more than three times the releases and transfeirs
of the second-ranked industry, Primary Metals, which represented 756.8 million
pounds (13 percent of the 1989 TRI total). The Multiple Codes sector ranked thud
overall with 437.3 million pounds (8 percent of the TRI total), followed by the Paper
industry with 313.3 million pounds (5 percent). The Tobacco industry reported the
smallest amount, 1.5 million pounds (0.03 percent). (See Figure 3-4 and Table 3-5.)
With 19 percent of the total number of facilities reporting to TRI in 1989, the
Chemical industry also had the largest number of facilities reporting TRI releases
and transfers. The Fabricated Metal Products industry ranked second with 13
percent of the total TRI facilities reporting, followed by the Electrical industry
("Electronic and Other Electrical Equipment and Components, except Computer
Equipment"), with 8 percent. Those industries with the most TRI facilities, however,
were not necessarily those with the largest total releases and transfers. For example,
the Fabricated Metals industry, which ranked second for the number of facilities
reporting to TRI, was ranked sixth for total TRI releases and transfers, whereas the
Primary Metals industry, which ranked fifth for the number of facilities, ranked
second in releases and transfers. The average volume reported per facility in the
Fabricated Metals industry was 69,873 pounds, versus 458,950 pounds for the
Primary Metals industry. The Chemical industry had the largest average of 644,698
pounds per facility, while the Food and Kindred Products Industry had the smallest
with 38,113 pounds. (See Table 3-5.)
The average number of chemicals reported per facility in each industry ranged from
eight for the Petroleum industry, to two for the Food, the Tobacco, the Textiles, the
Apparel, and the Printing, Publishing, and Allied Industries. A chemical facility, the
Tennessee Eastman Company facility in Kingsport, Tennessee, reported the most
number of chemicals of any single facility with a total of 85 chemicals. The facility's
total releases and transfers (45.3 million pounds) were among the largest for any
industry, resulting in the company being ranked twelfth in the nation for total TRI
releases and transfers. Although this facility reported a large number of chemicals,
three-fourths of all its releases and transfers were due to acetone (33.8 million
pounds), with the top five reported chemicals (acetone, methanol, ammonium
sulfate (solution), ethylene glycol, and toluene) accounting for 93 percent (41.9
million pounds) of the facility's total releases and transfers. (See Tables 3-5 and 3-
6.)
Examination of the top facilities in each industry sector reveals that in some cases,
one or two facilities accounted for a large proportion of the releases and transfers of
the industry. For example, in the ninth-ranked TRI industry, the Petroleum industry
(SIC 29), the top two facilities, the Amoco Oil Company in Texas City, Texas, (14.2
106
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
million pounds) and the Citgo Petroleum Corporation in Lake Charles, Louisiana
(10.6 million pounds) together accounted for approximately one-fourth of the entire
industry's releases and transfers. (See Appendix I, Table 1-1.)
In contrast to the pattern exhibited by the Petroleum industry, in the Fabricated
Metals industry, ranked sixth for TRI releases and transfers by industry with 207.4
million pounds, the number one facility accounted for only 2 percent of the industry
total. This was Double Eagle Steel Coating Company, Dearborn, Michigan, with 3.4
million pounds of TRI releases and transfers. In addition, the top ten facilities in the
industry accounted for only 9 percent (18.7 million pounds) of the Fabricated Metal
industry's total releases and transfers. (See Appendix I, Table 1-1.)
Major Chemicals in TRI Industries
There are several ways to analyze the relationship between the industrial sectors and
TRI chemicals. Here, the contribution of each industrial category to the total
releases and transfers of individual chemicals is considered, along with the role that
individual chemicals played within the TRI releases and transfers of a particular
industry.
Of the industrial sectors contributing heavily to the releases and transfers of the top
25 TRI chemicals in 1989, the Chemical industry played a major role. The Chemical
industry was responsible for 91 percent of the total releases and transfers of
ammonium sulfate (solution), 78 percent of hydrochloric acid, and 86 percent of
carbon disulfide. The Chemical industry accounted for one-half or more of the
releases and transfers of nine of the top 25 chemicals, which accords with the fact
that it represented close to half of all TRI releases and transfers. (See Appendix G,
Table G-3.)
Some of the top 25 TRI chemical totals were affected relatively little by the
Chemical industry. In the case of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, which ranked ninth in total
releases and transfers, the Chemical industry accounted for only 4 percent of the
total. Instead, the Transportation Equipment industry was the predominant industry
in releases and transfers of this chemical, contributing 18 percent to its total. Other
industries which accounted for 10 percent or more of this chemical's total TRI
releases and transfers were: Fabricated Metals (13 percent), Primary Metals (12
percent), Electric andElectrical (11 percent), and Multiple SIC Codes (10 percent).
(See Appendix G, Tables G-l and G-3; and Appendix I, Table 1-1.) (See Chapter 6
for further discussion of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.)
Industrial chemical releases and transfers may also be analyzed to show the role that
particular chemicals played within each industrial sector. The top 25 chemicals for
total TRI releases and transfers accounted for 80 percent or more of the total releases
and transfers in 15 individual industrial categories and for more than 50 percent in
all of the categories. (See Appendix I, Table 1-3.) For example, 96 percent of all
releases and transfers in the Printing industry involved the top 25 TRI chemicals. In
fact, 70 percent of the Printing industry's total was due to just one of the top 25
The Chemical Industry
accounted for 91% of
releases and transfers of
ammonium sulfate (solu-
tion), the number 1 TRI
chemical In 1989...
...while the Transportation
Industry was number 1 for
the release and transfer of
1,1,1-tricholoroethane.
107
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Chapters
1,1,1-TrIchIoroethane was
the chemical with the
highest releases and
transfers for the largest
number of Industries.
Facilities in the Chemical
Industry led the releases and
transfers of non-haloge-
nated organlcs, mineral
acids/salts, halogenated
organlcs, non-metallic
Inorganics, and trade
secrets.
chemicals, toluene. (See Appendix I, Table 1-2.) The top facility for total releases
and transfers within the Printing industry was R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company in
Warsaw, Indiana, accounting for 7 percent of the industry's TRI total for toluene and
ranking fourth nationwide for overall releases and transfers of this chemical. (See
Appendix G, Table G-l and Appendix I, Table 1-1. For further discussion of the role
of toluene in TRI and within the Printing industry, see Chapter 6.)
The Stone, Clay, Glass and Concrete Products industry had the greatest share of its
releases and transfers contributed by chemicals not in the TRI top 25 (as ranked by
total TRI releases and transfers), with 40 percent of the industry's total due to other
chemicals. Of the top ten chemicals released and transferred by facilities in this
industry, four were not among the TRI top 25 chemicals: lead compounds, mixtures,
asbestos (friable), and formaldehyde. (See Appendix I, Tables 1-2 and 1-3.)
The chemical which appeared the greatest number of times as the number one
chemical for an industry was 1,1,1-trichloroethane. This chemical ranked first in
releases and transfers in the following industries: Apparel, Fabricated Metals,
Electrical, and Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Computer Equipment.
While the Transportation industry released and transferred 1,1,1-trichloroethane in
the largest amounts, this chemical was not the top chemical within this industry, but
ranked second to xylene (mixed isomers). Other chemicals which appeared several
times as the top chemical in an industry included ammonia (three times) and toluene
(three times). (See Appendix I, Table 1-2.)
Chemical Classes in TRI Industries
The distribution of chemical classes in each industry often differs. For example, half
of the releases and transfers in the Chemical industry were mineral acids/salts and a
third were non-halogenated organics. In the Petroleum industry, over one-half of
releases and transfers were non-halogenated organics and approximately one-third
were non-metallic inorganic chemicals. For the Measuring/Photographic industry,
54 percent of the releases and transfers reported were halogenated organics and 41
percent were non-halogenated organics. Releases and transfers of metals and metal
compounds accounted for approximately half of the total releases and transfers of
the Primary Metals industry, followed by mineral acids/salts (18 percent) and non-
metallic inorganic chemicals (18 percent). (See Table 3-22.)
Another way of examining the relationship between industrial sector and chemical
class is to note the contribution of each industry to the total releases and transfers of
a particular chemical class. For example, facilities in the Transportation industry
were accountable for 11 percent of all releases and transfers of halogenated
organics. Facilities in the Chemical industry led the releases and transfers of non-
halogenated organics (42 percent), mineral acids/salts (77 percent), halogenated
organics (20 percent), and non-metallic inorganics (49 percent), and trade secrets
(91 percent). Facilities in the Primary Metals industry led releases and transfers of
metals and metal compounds (61 percent), and the Stone/Clay/Glass industry
accounted for the largest amount (30 percent) of mixtures. The role played by the
108
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Chemical industry in total TRI releases and transfers indicates that this industry
could deeply affect several chemical classes even if that chemical class did not stand
out in the releases and transfers reported by facilities in the industry. For example,
while the Chemical industry accounted for almost one-half of the releases and
transfers of non-metallic inorganics, non-metallic inorganics represented only 10
percent of all releases and transfers of the Chemical industry. (See Tables 3-22 and
3-27.)
While the Chemical industry was accountable for the largest percentage (20 percent)
of the releases and transfers of halogenated organics, other industries contributed in
a significant fashion. Three industries each accounted for approximately 11 percent
of the class total: The Transportation industry, the Multiple Codes category, and the
Electrical industry. Another example can be seen in the case of the non-metallic
inorganics. The Chemical industry accounted for one-half of all releases and
transfers in this class, but the Primary Metals industry also contributed a significant
portion, representing one-fourth of the total. (See Table 3-27.)
Table 3-27. TRI Releases and Transfers within Each Chemical Class by Industry, 1989.
SIC
CODE
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Mult
None
INDUSTRY
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
ORGANICS MINERAL ACIDS/ METALS
SALTS
Percent Percent Percent
0.50
0.04
1.28
0.04
1.58
2.91
9.22
2.61
41.45
2.71
6.37
0.62
0.72
2.39
4.25
1.13
2.28
7.42
1.36
1.22
9.54
0.36
1.88
0.00
0.36
0.01
0.02
0.02
3.52
0.03
77.32
0.29
0.25
0.32
0.63
7.57
2.31
0.30
1.15
0.74
0.08
0.03
2.87
0.29
0.11
0.00
0.06
0.02
0.06
0.03
0.92
0.04
11.58
0.49
1.18
0.35
1.38
61.04
4.01
1.47
2.18
1.39
0.22
0.48
12.89
0.09
HALO-
ORGANICS
Percent
0.19
0.00
1.53 .
0.12
0.15
0.68
4.52
0.94
19.88
0.07
8.10
0.13
0.57
5.71
8.65
6.34
10.57
11.44
6.73
1.61
11.29
0.78
NON-
METALS
Percent
3.83
0.12
0.66
0.02
0.25
0.00
4.31
0.03
48.94
6.82
0.51
0.53
1.06
24.94
0.16
0.09
0.51
0.51
0.06
0.10
6.28
0.26
MIXTURES
Percent
0.63
0.00
0.00
0.19
16.28
0.00
1.99
0.00
2.18
0.00
5.22
0.00
29.50
10.58
1.29
0.36
4.58
0.95
0.02
0.26
25.95
0.01
TRADE
SECRETS
Percent
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
91.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
TOTAL
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
109
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Chapters
Facilities In the Chemical
and Primary Metals indus-
tries released and trans-
ferred the most TRI carcino-
gens in 1989.
Carcinogens in TRI Industries
The Chemical industry released and transferred the largest absolute amount of TRI
carcinogens in 1989. The Chemical industry's carcinogenic releases and transfers
totalled 135.9 million pounds, accounting for 33 percent of the TRI carcinogenic
total. The Upjohn Company facility in Kalamazoo, Michigan, was the facility wiith
the largest releases and transfers of carcinogens (6.1 million pounds) in this industry.
This facility ranked third for total TRI carcinogenic releases and transfers. (See
Figure 3-10, and Tables 3-17 and 3-28.)
The Primary Metals industry ranked second, with carcinogenic releases and trans-
fers of 41 million pounds (10 percent). The Kennecott Utah Copper facility in
Bingham Canyon, Utah, was the top facility in this industry for carcinogenic
releases (2.4 million pounds) and ranked 14th for total TRI carcinogenic releases
and transfers. The Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastic Products industry was third in
rank with 40.8 million pounds (10 percent). The Hickory Springs Manufacturing
facility in Verona, Mississippi, had the largest total carcinogenic releases and
transfers (1.1 million pounds) in this industry. (See Figure 3-10, Tables 3-17 and 3-
28.)
While those industrial sectors with the largest total TRI releases and transfers often
also reported large releases of carcinogens, this was not always the case. The
percentage of an industry's releases and transfers represented by TRI carcinogens
Industry (SIC Code)
Food (20)
Tobacco (21)
Textile* (22)
Apparel (23)
Lumber (24)
Furniture (25)
Paper (26)
Printing (27)
Chemical* (28)
Petroleum (28)
Plastic* (30)
Leather(31)
Stone/Cliy (32)
Primary Metal* (33)
Fabr. Metal* (34)
Machinery (35)
Electrical (36)
Transportation (37)
MeasureJPhoto. (38)
Miscellaneous (39)
Multiple code* 20-39
No code* 20-39
20
40
60 80
Million* of Pound*
100
120
140
Rgure 3-10. TRI Carcinogenic Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1989.
110
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-28. TRI Total Carcinogenic Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1989.
TRI CARC. SIC INDUSTRY
RANK RANK CODE
CARCINOGENIC RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Percent of TRIPercent of
Carcinogenic Industry
Pounds Total Total
TRI TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
12
22
16
21
18
13
4
14
1
9
7
19
15
2
6
10
8
5
11
17
3
20
19
22
16
21
13
18
6
17
1
12
3
20
10
2
9
11
8
5
7
14
4
15
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Mult
None
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
TOTAL
1344,404
28,997
3,528,595
285,858
5,486,399
1,542,084
25,359,240
1,853,544
135,933,044
6468,392
40,842,919
929,998
8,507,963
40,970,895
12,596,124
8,382,715
16,822,384
31,677,043
23,882,561
4,219,385
36,896,207
3,846,649
411,505,400
0.33
0.01
0.86
0.07
1.33
0.37
6.16
0.45
33.03
1.60
9.93
0.23
2.07
9.96
3.06
2.04
4.09
7.70
5.80
1.03
8.97
0.93
100.00
1.98
1.95 .
7.66
13.88
14.50
2.36
8.10
3.04
4.95
6.37
21.00
3.74
17.92
5.41
6.07
11.19
11.54
12.91
34.35
10.85
8.44
20.01
7.21
67,803337
1,485,626
46,081,356
2,059,373
37,824,596
65369407
313,254,241
60,923,661
2,745,768,071
103,136^99
194,502,619
24,861,979
47,485,910
756,808477
207,383,999
74,922,470
145,758,174
245,316,145
69435,397
38,886,447
437,278,275
19,224,021
5,705,670,380
varied considerably from industry to industry. For example, the Measuring/Photo-
graphic industry, which ranked 11th in total TRI releases and transfers, claimed the
largest percentage of TRI carcinogens in its total releases and transfers, with
approximately one-third of this total classified as TRI carcinogens. (See Table 3-
28.) On the other hand, only 5 percent of the Chemical industry's releases and
transfers were carcinogens. (Compare Figures 3-4 and 3-10; see Table 3-28.)
Of the top 25 TRI carcinogens, facilities in the Chemical industry were responsible
for more than half of the releases and transfers of ten of these chemicals. For
example, the industry accounted for 96 percent of all releases and transfers of
acrylonitrile and 87 percent of 1,3-butadiene. Carcinogens whose releases and
transfers were dominated by other industries include chloroform, three-fourths of
which was released and transferred by facilities in the Paper industry, while only 15
percent was from facilities in the Chemical industry. (See Appendix G, Table G-4.)
All of the Tobacco industry's carcinogenic releases and transfers consisted of only
one chemical, styrene. In contrast, the Apparel industry had no releases or transfers
of styrene. However, 55 percent of the carcinogenic releases and transfers reported
by facilities in the Apparel industry consisted of dichloromethane and 42 percent of
tetrachloroethylene. (See Appendix I, Table 1-4.)
Ill
-------
Chapters
All but 4 Industries released
over 1/2 of their total
releases and transfers to air.
Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers
by Industry
At least half of the TRI releases and transfers of a majority of industries went to air.
The Tobacco and the Furniture and Fixtures industries each released 93 percent of
their releases and transfers to air, while only four industries released less than hall'of
their total releases and transfers to air: the Food industry (28 percent), the Chemical
industry (27 percent), the Stone/Clay/Glass industry (48 percent), and the Primary
Metals industry (31 percent). (See Figure 3-11 and Table 3-29.)
The Paper industry discharged the largest proportion (13 percent) of its releases and
transfers to surface water, while approximately half of the other industrial sectors
discharged less than 1 percent of their totals to surface water. On-site land releases
played a significant role in the overall releases and transfers both in the Primary
Metals industry and in the Multiple Codes category, accounting for 32 percent and
17 percent, respectively, of the releases and transfers of each. As in the case of
surface water, over half of the industrial sectors had less than 1 percent of their total
releases and transfers involved in on-site land releases.
Industry (SIC Code]
Food (20)
Tobacco (21)
Textiles (22)
Appsrel(23) '
Lumber (24) "l
Furniture (25)
Paper (26)
Printing (27)
Chemicals (28)
Petroleum (29)
Plastics (30)
Leather(31)
Stone/Clay (32)
Primary Metals (33)
Fabr. Metals (34)
Machinery (35)
Electrical (36)
Transportation (37)
Measure ./Photo. (38)
Miscellaneous (39)
Multiple codes 20-39
No code* 20-39
Baaysssysjaaiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiini in
0 20
I Air EH Surface Water Ei Land
100
Percent
• Underground ID Public Sewage D Off-site
Figure 3-11. The Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers of Each Industry, 1989.
112
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Only nine industrial sectors had discharges to underground injection wells greater
than 1 percent of their total releases and transfers, and such discharges played a
significant role in only three of these: the Chemical industry (40 percent of its total
releases and transfers), the Petroleum industry (24 percent of its total), and the
Stone/Clay/Glass industry (14 percent of its total).
Facilities in most industries reported transfers to POTWs. Such transfers played
significant roles in the Food industry and the Leather industry, accounting for 55
percent of releases and transfers of the former and 37 percent of the latter. Off-site
transfers were reported by facilities in all industrial categories, and for approxi-
mately one-third of these industries this type of transfer accounted for at least 20
percent of their total releases and transfers.
Geographical Distribution of TRI Industries
Although releases and transfers of the Chemical industry occurred in most states, the
releases and transfers in two states, Texas and Louisiana, dominated this industry's
total. Facilities in Texas contributed 658.6 million pounds (24 percent) of the
Chemical Industry totals
were concentrated in Texas
and Louisiana.
Table 3-29. The Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers of Each Industry, 1989.
TRI SIC INDUSTRY TOTAL RELEASES
RANK CODE AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
12
22
16
21
18
13
4
14
1
9
7
19
15
2
6
10
8
5
11
17
3
20
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
67,803,337
1,485,626
46,081,356
2,059,373
37,824,596
65,369,507
313,254,241
60,923,661
Chemicals 2,745,768,071
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure. /Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
103,136,599
194,502,619
24,861,979
47,485,910
756,808,577
207,383,999
74,922,470
145,758,174
245,316,145
69,535,397
38,886,447
437,278,275
19,224,021
AIR
Percent
27.77
93.14
65.90
65.78
89.42
92.51
61.94
90.85
27.07
51.20
85.04
49.83
47.52
31.25
61.83
72.30
65.29
80.50
67.64
64.74
54.80
60.27
SURFACE LAND
WATER
Percent Percent
4.15
3.04
2.16
0.01
1.74
0.00
13.46
0.01
3.98
3.65
0.36
0.92
1,47
2.09
0.15
0.53
0.46
0.05
0.62
0.09
2.18
0.87
6.41
0.10
0.10
0.02
0.30
0.03
3.17
0.00
3.89
2.31
0.12
1.03
5.39
31.61
0.52
0.41
0.95
0.07
0.14
0.14
17.30
0.23
UNDER-
GROUND
Percent
1.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
39.75
24.35
0.01
0.00
13.84
4.87
0.16
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.40
0.00
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Percent
55.26
1.11
23.79
21.42
0.19
0.93
14.68
1.23
12.65
11.82
2.74
37.15
2.09
2.02
4.06
3.79
9.78
3.18
4.36
1.20
5.91
9.32
OFF-SITE
Percent
4.79
2.61
8.04
12.76
8.36
6.52
6.75
7.91
12.66
6.66
11.72
11.06
29.69
28.15
33.28
22.96
23.48
16.20
27.24
33.83
15.41
. 29.32
TOTAL
Percent
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
TOTAL
5,705,670,380
42.54
331
7.79
20.70
9.66
16.00
100.00
113
-------
Chapter3
Chemical industry's total 2.75 billion pounds, and facilities in Louisiana accounted
for 421.6 million pounds (15 percent) of that total. (See Map 3-11; and Appendix I,
Table 1-5.)
In examining the geographical distribution of other industries, a situation similar to
that in the Chemical industry, where facilities in one or two states dominated the
industry's releases and transfers, was often seen. An example is the distribution of
the Textiles industry. The releases and transfers of facilities in this industry in North
Carolina (10.6 million pounds), South Carolina (7 million pounds), and Georgia (6.7
million pounds) together accounted for just over half of the industry total. (See Map
3-12; and Appendix I, Table 1-5.)
In contrast to the large role of a few states in the releases and transfers of a particular
industry, there were some industries where no particular state had a conclusive
impact For example, in the Electrical industry, facilities in no one state contributed
more than 10 percent to that industry's total releases and transfers. (See Map 3-13;
and Appendix I, Table 1-5.)
Four-digit SIC Codes
The industrial analyses throughout this report have been based upon broad industrial
categories, as defined by the first two digits of the four-digit SIC codes. (See
Appendix C and Chapter 8.) However, further insights into industrial patterns can
be gained by analyzing facilities on the basis of all four digits of their SIC codes. A
brief evaluation is given below. Box 3-H examines several facility examples.
Millions of Pounds
> 400
100 to 400
10 to 100
1 to 10
0 to 1
Map 3-11. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by the Chemical Industry, 1989.
114
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Map 3-12. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by the Textiles Industry, 1989.
Map 3-13. TRI Total Releases and Transfers by the Electrical Industry, 1989.
115
-------
Chapters
83% of TRI facilities reported
only a single four-digit SIC
Code.
A single four-digit SIC code was reported by 83 percent of TRI facilities in 1989. In
fact, 80 percent of the facilities in every two-digit category reported only one four-
digit code per facility. In most cases, the releases and transfers reported by facilities:,
whether with one or more four-digit SIC code, were comparable. For example, 89
percent of the facilities in the Food industry (SIC 20) reported only one four-digit
code, and these facilities accounted for 90 percent of all releases and transfers in the
Food industry. There was one industry, however, where this general trend differed
markedly. A total of 82 percent of all facilities reporting in the Chemical industry
(SIC 28) reported just one four-digit code, and 18 percent reported more than ones.
However, the 18 percent of Chemical facilities reporting more than one four-digit
code within SIC Code 28 accounted for the majority (54 percent) of the Chemical
industry's releases and transfers. (See Table 3-30.)
Table 3-30. TRI Facilities Reporting a Single and a Multiple 4-Digit SIC Code Within Each Industrial
Category, 1989.
SIC
CODE
INDUSTRY
TRI FACILITIES
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Number
1377
202
1,779
16
1
17
395
71
466
42
5
47
657
58
715
445
39
484
521
103
624
301
73
374
3,471
788
4,259
375
37
412
Percent of
industry
total
88.65
11.35
100.00
94.12
5.88
100.00
84.76
15.24
100.00
89.36
10.64
100.00
91.89
8.11
100.00
91.94
8.06
100.00
83.49
16.51
100.00
80.48
19.52
100.00
, 81.50
18.50
100.00
91.02
8.98
100.00
Percent of
industry
Pounds total
60,815,622
6587,715
67,803337
1,466,926
18,700
1,485,626
40,235,133
5,846,223
46,081356
1510,643
148,730
2,059,373
34340,476
3,284,120
37,824396
58,074330
7,294,977
65369307
218,258,726
94,995315
313,254,241
42,734,170
18,189,491
60523,661
1,256,960,205
1,488,807,866
2,745,768,071
80,475,494
22,661,105
103,136399
89.69
10.31
100.00
98.74
1.26
100.00
87.31
12.69
100.00
92.78
7.22
100.00
91.32
8.68
100.00
88.84
11.16
100.00
69.67
30.33
100.00
70.14
29.86
100.00
45.78
54.22
100.00
78.03
21.97
100.00
116
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-30, continued.
SIC INDUSTRY
CODE
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabricated Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
None In 20-39
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple 4-digit
TOTAL
Single 4-digit
Multiple for none in 20-39
TOTAL FOR NONE
TOTAL FOR SINGLE 4-DIGIT SIC CODES
PERCENT OF GRAND TOTAL
TOTAL FOR MULT. 4-DIGIT SIC CODES
WITHIN ONE 2-DIGIT CATEGORY
PERCENT OF GRAND TOTAL
TOTAL FOR MULT. 4-DIGIT SIC CODES
IN MORE THAN ONE 2-DIGIT CATEGORY
PERCENT OF GRAND TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
TRI FACILITIES
TRANSFERS
Number
1,450
161
1,611
129
7
136
588
32
620
1,453
196
1,649
2,676
292
2,968
974
52
1,026
1,574
128
1,702
1,112
82
1,194
384
24
408
370
12
382
221
27
248
18,731
82.99
2390
10.59
1,448
6.42
22,569
Percent of
industry
total
90.01
9.99
100.00
94.85
5.15
100.00
94.84
5.16
100.00
88.11
11.89
100.00
90.16
9.84
100.00
94.93
5.07
100.00
92.48
7.52
100.00
93.13
6.87
100.00
94.12
5.88
100.00
96.86
3.14
100.00
89.11
10.89
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES AND
Pounds
174,685,098
19,817,521
194,502,619
24342^25
319,754
24,861,979
46509,286
576,624
47,485,910
668,246,579
88,561,998
756,808377
183,651,778
23,732,221
207,383,999
70,960,234
3,962,236
74,922,470
127,931^34
17,826,240
145,758,174
221,749,801
23366^44
245,316,145
67,812,476
1,722,921
69335397
35,961,844
2,924,603
38,886,447
16,752,624
2,471,397
19,224,021
3,434,675,804
60.20
1,833,716,301
32.14
437,278,275
7.66
5,705,670,380
Percent of
industry
total
89.81
10.19
100.00
98.71
1.29
100.00
98.79
1.21
100.00
88.30
11.70
100.00
88.56
11.44
100.00
94.71
5.29
100.00
87.77
12.23
100.00
90.39
9.61
100.00
97.52
2.48
100.00
92.48
7.52
100.00
87.14
12.86
100.00
117
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Chapters
Table 3-31. The 25 Industries (Classlfled by 4-DIglt SIC Code) with the Largest TRI Total Releases and
Transfers, 1989.
TRI SIC INDUSTRY FACHJTIES(a)FORMS(b)
RELEASE/ CODE AND TRANSFERS WATER
TRANSFER
RANK
TOTAL RELEASES
Number Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
2869
3339
3312
2816
2819
2873
3331
2911
2821
3711
2611
2834
2813
2621
2851
3321
3861
3714
3079
3089
3411
2874
2511
2865
2631
Industrial organic chemicals, n.c.c. (b)
Primary smelting/refining of nonferrous metals, n.e.c
Blastfurnaces, steel works, rolling mills
Inorganic pigments
Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.
Nitrogenous fertilizers
Primary smelting/refining of copper
Petroleum refining
Plastics materials, synthetic resins
Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies
Pulp mills
Pharmaceutical preparations
Industrial gases
Paper mills, except building paper mills
Paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamels
Gray iron foundries
Photographic equipment and supplies
Motor vehicle parts and accesories
Miscellaneous plastics products
Plastics products, n.c.c.
Metal cans
Phosphatic fertilizers
Wood household furniture, except upholstered
Cyclic (coal tar) crudes, dyes, organic pigments
Paperboard mills
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
305
23
143
39
285
64
8
170
322
59
31
131
142
139
598
135
62
367
344
321
190
27
212
76
61
4,254
18,315
22,569
2390
108
1,103
192
1,010
263
77
2315
1,875
818
223
442
212
592
3,452
559
343
1,259
923
777
869
110
976
617
260
21,765
60,126
81,891
Pounds
327,218.513
198,622,561
179,651,066
179,233,022
156,321,182
131,189,664
91,212,014
73,688,476
70,162,842
65,614.527
62,002349
58,714,944
56,454,007
55,073,083
49349,617
48,817,217
47,689,842
47,261,289
46,488,703
42,504,748
41359,255
40,945,946
40,429,280
39.919,762
38,622,046
2,188,545,955
3,517,124,425
5,705,670,380
AIR
Percent
20.44
61.40
16.24
8.88
14.07
86.64
5.44
51.95
54.90
87.92
33.95
38.19
3.25
66.37
38.68
26.15
64.21
67.66
84.88
84.33
91.19
21.30
97.22
15.78
52.20
SURFACE
Percent
0.97
3.9I>
2.12
0.10
3.715
5.515
0.03
3.70
1.21
0.02
55.8:3
4.4:5
0.07
5.35
0.01
0.4!
0.89
0.119
0.04
139
0.0 D
3.90
0.09
0.65
1.41
(a) Only facilities and forms reporting a single SIC Code were counted.
(b) n.e.c. is not elsewhere classified
Given that the two-digit SIC codes most frequently reported in 1989 were the
Chemical (SIC 28) and Primary Metals (SIC 33) industries, it is not surprising that
many of the top 25 four-digit codes fell into these two SIC categories. The number
one four-digit industry for TRI releases and transfers, Industrial Organic Chemicals
(SIC 2869) with releases and transfers of 327.2 million pounds, accounted for 6
percent of total TRI releases and transfers. Other top four-digit industries wesre
Primary Smelting (SIC 3339) (198.6 million pounds), Blast Furnaces (SIC 3312)
(179.7 million pounds), Inorganic Pigments (SIC 2816) (179.2 million pounds), and
Industrial Inorganic Chemicals (SIC 2819) (156.3 million pounds). (See Table 3-
31.)
Despite the fact that the Chemical industry and, to a lesser extent, the Primairy
Metals industry, dominated the industrial releases and transfers, not all of the top
four-digit SIC code industries belonged to these two industries. In fact, 11 of the top
118
-------
7959 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-31, continued.
INDUSTRY
UNDER- PUBLIC OFF-SITE LAND
GROUND SEWAGE
Percent Percent
Percent Percent
Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c. (b)
Primary smelting/refining of nonferrous metals, n.e
Blast furnaces, steel works, tolling mills
Inorganic pigments
Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.
Nitrogenous fertilizers
Primary smelting/refining of copper
Petroleum refining
Plastics materials, synthetic resins
Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies
Pulp mills
Pharmaceutical preparations
Industrial gases
Paper mills, except building paper mills
Paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamels
Gray iron foundries
Photographic equipment and supplies
Motor vehicle parts and accesories
Miscellaneous plastics products
Plastics products, n.e.c.
Metal cans
Phosphatic fertilizers
Wood household furniture, except upholstered
Cyclic (coal tar) crudes, dyes, organic pigments
Paperboard mills
56.33
0.01
16.88
47.98
26.17
5.94
0.00
21.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.43
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.00
11.59
0.00
1.04
36.29
25.24
0.30
0.01
11.87
7.43
2.01
5.48
14.20
0.00
13.14
4.09
0.10
4.48
8.88
1.67
7.29
0.13
0.00
0.19
64.46
29.42
10.36
1.45
39.76
6.52
12.97
0.13
0.01
7.82
36.34
10.05
4.32
31.79
96.67
10.93
57.16
31.08
30.28
23.11
13.38
6.82
8.68
0.36
2.55
18.07
3.21
0.31
33.18
23.96
0.23
17.77
1.43
9451
3.02
0.13
0.00
0.37
2.94
0.01
4.21
0.06
42.20
0.14
0.15
0.01
0.17
0.00
74.44
0.05
0.91
13.76
25 fell into other broad industrial categories. For example, Petroleum Refining (SIC
2911) ranked eighth in TRI releases and transfers for the four-digit industries,
whereas the broader Petroleum Refining and Related Industries Category (SIC 29)
ranked ninth overall when comparing two-digit industries. (See Tables 3-5 and 3-
31.)
The four-digit industries with the largest releases and transfers were not always
those with the largest number of facilities. The Electroplating industry (SIC 3471),
amember of the Fabricated Metals industry, had the largest number of facilities (709
facilities) of any four-digit grouping, but it did not rank in the top 25 four-digit code
industries for releases and transfers. Other four-digit industries with large number of
facilities were Paints (SIC 2851),Motor Vehicle Parts (SIC3714), Wood Preserving
(SIC 2491),andMiscellaneous Plastic Products (SIC 3079). (See Tables 3-31 and3-
32.)
119
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Chapters
Table 3-32. The 25 Industries (Classified by 4-Dlgit SIC Code) with the Largest Number of TRI Facilities, 1989.
TRI SIC INDUSTRY
FACT-. CODE
RANK
FACIUTIES(a) FORMS(a) TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Number Number
Pounds
(a) Only facilities and forms reporting a single SIC Code were counted.
(b) n.c.c. is not elsewhere classified
AIR
Percent
SURFACE
WATER
Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
S
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
3471 Electroplating, plating, polishing, anodizing, coloring
285 1 Paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamels
3714 Molorvchicle parts and acccsorics
2491 Wood preserving
3079 Miscellaneous plastics products
2821 Plastics materials, synthetic resins
3089 Plastics products, n.e.c. (b)
2899 Chemical and chemical preparations, n.e.c.
2869 Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c.
2819 Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.
3499 Fabricated metal products, n.c.c.
3679 Electronic components, n.e.c.
3479 Coating, engraving and allied services, n.e.c.
3069 Fabricated rubber products, n.c.c.
25 1 1 Wood household furniture, except upholstered
2891 Adhesives and sealants
3411 Metal cans
3732 Boat building and repairing
3672 Cathode ray television picture tubes
291 1 Petroleum refining
3674 Semiconductors and related devices
2048 Prepared feeds for animals and fowls, n.e.c.
2842 Specialty cleaning, polishing, sanitation preparartions
2086 Bottled and canned soft drinks and carbonted waters
2893 Printing ink
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
709
598
367
354
344
322
321
309
305
285
275
242
237
216
212
197
190
183
175
170
162
160
160
160
156
6,809
15.760
22,569
2,099
3,452
1,259
1,128
923
1,875
777
1,306
2390
1,010
674
639
655
501
976
672
869
460
581
2315
842
303
521
254
466
26,947
54,944
81,891
24,441,524
49349,617
47,261,289
2,096,865
46,488,703
70,162,842
42,504,748
9,710,243
327,218,513
156,321,182
15,185,115
16,875,860
25,588,328
22,542,973
40,429,280
6,990,763
41359,255
22,712,909
8,024,990
73,688,476
22/123,567
292,948
834382
522,470
3,826,248
1,076,853,090
4,628,817,290
5,705,670,380
35.02
38.68
67.66
48.50
84.88
54.90
84.33
42.05
20.44
14.07
75.21
73.74
23.95
85.05
97.22
47.36
91.19
91.41
39.38
51.95
36.26
36.55
55.60
13.92
67.59
0.2:1
0.0:1
0.1!)
037
0.04
1.21
1.39
0.113
0.97
3.78
0.27
0.11
0.03
0.01
O.OD
O.OiS
0.00
O.OD
0.0:5
3.70
1.5:5
13.6:5
0.26
1.219
0.02
An individual four-digit industry can differ significantly from the trends and
patterns seen within its broader two-digit industrial sector. This can be illustrated by
looking at the environmental distribution of releases and transfers. The Primary
Metals industry exhibited the following environmental distribution: 32 percent in
on-site land releases, 31 percent in air emissions, and 28 percent in off-site transfers.
(See Table 3-29.) In contrast, the Primary Smelting industry (3339) which was thie
four-digit code in the Primary Metals industry associated with the largest releases
and transfers within that industry, emitted 61 percent of its releases and transfers to
air and released 33 percent on site to land. (See Table 3-31.)
Maximum amount codes
describe the largest volume
of the TRI chemical on site
at a facility during the year.
MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF CHEMICALS ON-SITE ,_
Facilities reporting a particular chemical to TRI are required to indicate tine
maximum amount of that chemical at the facility at any time during the calendar
year. The maximum amount is to be calculated based on all quantities of the
chemical on site (in storage tanks, process vessels, on-site shipping containers, and
120
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-32, continued.
INDUSTRY
LAND UNDER- PUBLIC
GROUND SEWAGE
Percent
Percent
Percent
OFF-SITE
Percent
Electroplating, plating, polishing, anodizing, colon 1.09 0.00 12.70 50.94
Paints, varnishes, lacqueis, enamels 0.06 0.00 4.09 57.16
Motor vehicle parts and accesories 0.15 0.00 8.88 23.11
Wood preserving 0.95 0.00 0.68 49,51
Miscellaneous plastics products 0.01 0.02 1.67 13.38
Plastics materials, synthetic resins 0.13 0.00 7.43 36.34
Plastics products, n.e.c.(b) 0.17 0.00 7.29 6.82
Chemical and chemical preparations, n.e.c. 0.05 0.00 29.05 28.75
Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c. 0.31 56.33 11.59 10.36
Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c. 17.77 26.17 25.24 12.97
Fabricated metal products, n.e.c. 0.10 0.00 4.09 20.33
Electronic components, n.e.c. 0.16 0.00 7.05 1854
Coating, engraving and allied services, n.e.c. 0.57 0.00 2.13 73.32
Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c. 0.25 0.00 1.22 13.47
Wood household fiimiture, except upholstered 0.05 0.00 0.19 2.55
Adhesives and sealants 0.06 0.00 2.51 50.01
Metal cans 0.00 0.00 0.13 8.68
Boat building and repairing 0.23 0.00 0.50 8.30
Cathode ray television picture tubes 0.13 0.00 15.89 44.55
Petroleum refining 3.02 21.65 11.87 1.S2
Semiconductors and related devices 5.65 0.22 29.52 26.81
Prepared feeds for animals an'd fowls, n.e.c. 0.90 0.00 35.50 14.21
Specialty cleaning, polishing, sanitation preparartio 0.34 0.00 32.80 10.99
Bottled and canned soft drinks and carbonted wate 0.15 0.00 65.26 19.38
Printing ink 0.14 0.00 1.81 30.44
so on). There are 11 ranges which are to be used for indicating the maximum amount
of a chemical, covering a range from zero to 99 pounds up to a range of one billion
pounds or greater. (See Table 3-33.) It should be noted that facilities are not required
to indicate the length of time that the maximum amount is present.
The number of forms reported per maximum amount code are presented in Figure 3-
12. The largest number of forms (32,093 forms) were reported for the maximum
amount range of 10,000 to 99,999 pounds, followed by 25,674 forms reported for the
range of 1,000 to 9,999 pounds. These two categories accounted for approximately
71 percent of all forms reported. There were 14 forms in the 500 million to 1 billion
pounds category, and three forms reported in the 1 billion pounds or greater range.
Chemicals with the largest numbers of TRI forms submitted often tended to be
among the chemicals most often reported for a particular maximum amount code.
For example, sulfuric acid was reported on the most TRI forms (5,547 forms or 7
percent of the total forms reported), and it was among the top ten chemicals reported
121
-------
Chapters
„
twe^^tca^^^
JX|^W8t^f^ SlQpod^ piatiel i»tO, mcff^lNft^eftwo-djpt -
category MMhj»ef<«^^ - f ,''
%^|?' ' ""*"%* ^ " S ''' ' '"-fA^f^iffi" ._.,,,,._ ., '','"",',," ' ' '
Maod Steel Compaft^Bastt^ffea^j, todiam Mftte M«ltfpfe CodS^s catepr^ lift I.9S9 M«fc a *»tal of
•xg -.^
tOt^TfiJ i
*rW*+^*f* + Jf*r **+*****"*** f r%T»?**'VK,;j'1""1"f T**t**VIV*'V J >^*f "^V r-nfjkv^»f *v»«.^i-rv^.^f*»ji^«i»j-«^, A-^JI* ,f*«.j ^.jt Afcjj. *4«^-^u.« (with theftstr-dipt: SIC cc«fe2i$72 ifer
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facility's total 'alr,^i|
rete^es^and together they accounted qt'^7 p^reeatoffltB
122
-------
1989 Toxics Release inventory Data
Table 3-33. Ranges Used for Reporting the Maximum Amount On Site at Any Time During
the Calendar Year, 1989.
RANGE
CODE
WEIGHT RANGE IN POUNDS
From
To
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
0
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
50,000,000
100,000,000
500,000,000
1 billion
99
999
9,999
99,999
999,999
9,999,999
49,999,999
99,999,999
499,999,999
999,999,999
more than 1 billion
Number of Forms
35,000
10 11
UNKNO
WN
Maximum Amount Code
Figure 3-12. The Number of TRI Forms Reported per Maximum Amount Code, 1989.
725
-------
Chapters
Table 3-34. The Number of TRI Forms by Maximum Amount Code for the Top 25 Chemicals (Ranked by Number of Forms),
TRI CHEMICAL
FORMS
RANK
1 2
3
4
NumbcrNumberNumber Number
1 SuUuric acid
2 Toluene
3 1,1,1-TrichIoroelhane
4 Xylcne (mixed isomers)
5 Hydrochloric acid
6 Ammonia
7 Acetone
S Phosphoric acid
9 Methanol
10 Methyl ethyl ketone
11 Copper
12 Zinc compounds
13 Nitric acid
14 Olycol ethers
IS Chlorine
16 Dichloromcthanc
17 Freon 113
18 Elhylcne glycol
19 Chromium compounds
20 Styrene
21 Nickel
22 Chromium
23 Copper compounds
24 n-Butyl alcohol
25 Manganese
27 175
55 249
36 175
40 236
75 155
48 157
73 303
20 110
62 143
54 183
18 44
21 47
17 134
22 69
16 116
24 73
7 58
16 43
21 53
9 36
19 52
31 64
14 22
36 81
25 41
SUBTOTAL 786 2,819
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS 895 1,315
ORANDTOTAL 1,681 4.134
1,640
1,453
1,979
1384
1,152
907
1,150
927
764
1,037
382
455
808
610
645
648
775
380
304
313
340
331
344
471
274
19,473
6,201
25,674
2,182
1362
1303
1,237
1,269
1360
824
1,152
1,020
862
817
935
700
835
526
605
491
684
703
626
578
539
603
434
473
22,120
9,973
32,093
MAXIMUM AMOUNT CODE
5678
Number Number
972
423
139
318
379
383
182
238
310
164
471
328
130
194
240
107
49
217
165
176
189
203
172
92
167
6,408
4,181
10,589
215
118
19
82
82
54
37
63
99
26
154
63
44
34
143
21
11
53
44
58
42
33
40
23
34
1,592
1,531
3,123
9
10
Number NumberNumber Number
69
81
9
64
11
36
14
18
19
7
26
9
2
7
24
7
2
21
14
28
3
7
11
7
7
503
444
947
19
16
1
15
3
31
2
0
8
3
6
2
2
1
0
3
0
3
3
3
1
2
, 0
0
3
127
91
218
13
7
0
6
3
8
1
11
2
2
8
6
6
1
2
0
0
0
2
2
4
5
6
0
2
97
54
151
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
o
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
8
6
14
11
Number
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
2
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
o
1
o
o
0
3
0
3
TOTAL
UNKNOWN FORMS
Number
235
177
232
143
121
136:
136
99
94
125
84
67
80
49
67
64
90
51
54
66
57
61
42
33
51
2,414
850
3,264
Number
5^47
3,942
3,893
3.525
•JY**"*
3,250
3,120
2 723
2,638
2521
itfjtiii
2,464
2,011
1,935
1,924
1,822
1 77'Q
l,r 1 y
1,552
1,483
1,469
1^363
131S
1,285
i 977
l,i/ t
1,254
i 177
1,1 / /
1.07S
56350
25,541
81,89:1
on the most forms for eight of the 11 maximum amount codes. There were two
chemicals which were reported with maximum amounts of 1 billion or greater: zinc
compounds, reported twice in this range and chromium, reported once. (See Table
3-34.)
As with TRI chemicals for which many forms were submitted, states receiving higlli
numbers of TRI forms also often could be found as top states (for number of TRI
forms) for a particular maximum amount code. California was the state with the
largest total number of forms submitted (5,962 forms, or 7 percent of the TRI total
number of forms received), and also ranked as a top five TRI state for eight of this
maximum amount ranges. Forms reporting maximum amounts of 1 billion pounds
or more came from facilities in Michigan, Montana, and New York. (See Table 3-
35.)
When TRI forms are classified by industry, those industries with high numbers of
forms submitted are often also prominent in particular maximum amount ranges.
The Chemical industry had by far the largest number of forms reporting (23,179
forms or 28 percent of the TRI total), and this industry ranked first or second for
number of forms reported in almost all of the maximum amount ranges. For the
maximum amount range of one billion pounds or more, all three forms reporting
124
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Table 3-35. The Number of TRI Forms by Maximum Amount Code by State, 1989.
STATE
1 2
Number Number
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
48
1
0
11
15
202
3
12
3
District of Columbia 0
Honda
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
.Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
• Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL
FOR STATE
, .PERCENT ,
43
36
4
4
49
36
11
12
30
61
11
8
39
71
67
50
62
1
15
3
18
39
1
36
86
1
112
11
13
86
10
1
37
7
49
133
6
2
0
45
28
13
36
3
1,681
2.05
88
4
0
52
60
415
42
65
6
0
96
108
4
10
213
146
71
50
55
113
20
32
101
215
113
50
117
3
27
8
24
87
12
122
160
7
243
24
55
192
30
28
72
7
104
318
15
11
0
93
72
20
148
6
4,134
5.05
3
Number
. 486
6
2
280
376
2,091
254
546
30
0
524
709
21
56
1,520
1,115
484
261
400
287
135
206
787
1,196
583
313
679
28
159
28
169
751
47
1,012
1,142
25
1,786
230
282
1,332
158
254
587
52
676
1,340
144
56
0
570
360
119
997
23
25,674
31.35
MAXIMUM AMOUNT CODE TOTAL
45 6 7 89 10 11 UNKNOWN FORMS
Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
697
2
1
222
460
2,097
217
566
142
0
580
1,098
32
58
, 2,220
1318
389
349
602
594
152
372
870
1,604
444
431
924
33
172
38
153
1,432
64
1,175
1,147
29
2,491
290
284
1,796
221
222
707
29
796
2,071
153
55
8
659
388
237
948
54
32.093
39.19
289
19
0
38
163
650
63
157
57
0
193
334
14
17
649
413
151
117
256
397
39
102
144
430
98
142
305
26
47
12
21
469
25
361
320
4
841
108
88
611
80
33
244
3
253
1,014
76
6
2
180
120
166
218
24
10389
12.93
102
15
0
10
47
161
22
26
15
0
36
65
21
10
153
120
36
66
77
204
8
34
26
91
17
42
51
18
16
4
4
145
8
66
56
5
157
42
22
198
20
3
54
1
92
506
31
2
0
35
63
76
32
12
3,123
3.81
18
0
0
2
6
65
6
5
6
0
23
12
1
6
45
25
13
18
19
97
1
8
3
21
9
14
22
7
5
2
0
48
2
22
14
2
40
14
0
60
8
0
3
0
16
206
6
0
6
8
8
11
12
2
947
1.16
2
0
0
1
4
9
1
1
5
0
2
6
0
1
15
7
0
3
5
35
0
1
0
8
5
7
4
0
4
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
6
8
0
7
2
1
0
0
2
52
1
0
0
0
2
4
0
2
218
0.27
7
1
0
1
1
4
0
0
0
0
12
4
0
0
3
3
2
2
1
10
0
2
3
1
2
5
6
2
0
1
0
5
2
4
7
0
8
3
1
5
0
0
4
0
0
24
3
0
3
0
5
3
1
0
151
0.18
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
0.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0.00
59 1,796
0 48
0 3
34 651
31 1,163
267 5,962
15 623
82 1,461
6 270
0 0
59 1,568
96 2,468
4 101
7 169
151 5,018
113 3,298
42 1,199
25 904
54 1,500
35 1,835
20 386
40 805
82 2,055
161 3,800
62 1,400
34 1,088
108 2,279
3 122
24 469
4 100
22 411
175 3,155
4 166
136 2,935
130 3,062
2 75
238 5,922
23 753
39 784
162 4,449
27 557
14 556
70 1,778
9 108
76 2,064
232 5,899
22 457
16 148
0 19
70 1,660
60 1,106
21 670
96 2,488
2 128
3,264 81,891
3.99 100.00
OFTRITOTAL
725
-------
Chapters
Table 3-36. The Number of TRI Forms by Maximum Amount Code by Industry, 1989.
SIC
CODE
1 2
Number Number
20 Food
21 Tobicco
22 Textile!
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 P»pcr
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stone/Clay
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical
37 Transportation
38 Measure./Photo.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
67
0
35
0
13
74
166
58
279
100
71
18
29
166
148
110
66
76
7
12
129
57
TOTALFOR INDUSTRY 1,681
PBRCENTOPTRITOTAt, 2.05
249
3
98
5
152
154
211
64
547
121
243
36
56
281
648
158
356
282
50
72
263
85
4,134
5.05
3
Number
1,286
8
454
51
689
1,066
751
408
3,821
451
1,603
184
419
1,701
3,934
1,224
2472
1,913
513
500
1,882
244
25,674
31.35
4
Number
1310
13
343
32
960
416
875
196
10,885
993
1,602
133
708
2,408
3,108
1,031
1,787
2,000
428
316
2329
220
32,093
39.19
INDUSTRY MAXIMUM
567
Number Number Number
203
3
36
0
128
25
296
34
5,011
674
369
20
216
1,126
504
191
355
449
86
67
724
72
10,589
12.93
18
1
1
1
4
2
91
5
1,481
569
23
2
83
446
74
18
61
33
7
6
186
11
3,123
3.81
19
0
1
0
2
0
7
0
391
261
10
0
34
103
16
5
13
11
1
3
61
9
947
1.16
AMOUNT CODE
TOTAL
8 9 10 11UNKNOWN FORMS
Number Number Number Number Number Number
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
96
52
2
0
, 7
25
9
0
2
2
1
0
17
1
218
0.27
5
0
2
0
4
1
i
0
52
16
2
0
6
27
16
2
2
2
0
1
11
1
151
0.18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
14
0.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
o
o
3
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
3
0.00
147 3307
2 30
52 1,022
5 94
137 2,089
98 1,836
87 2,486
56 821
608 23,179
56 3,293
222 4,148
13 406
68 1,626
250 6J537
499 8,956
152 2,891
256 5,472
180 4,949
52 1,145
52 1,030
220 5,822
52 752
3,264 81,891
3.99 100.00
Table 3-37. Facilities, Chemicals, and Releases and Transtars Associated with Forms Reporting Maximum Amounts Onslte of 500 Million
Pounds or Greater (Maximum Amount Codes 10 and 11), 1989.
MAX.
AMT.
CODE
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
SIC
CODE
33
33
33
30
28
28
39
28
28
28
28
37
36
36
28
33
28
FACHITYNAME
Asarco Inc.
Bethlehem Steel Corp.
Quancx Corp.
Charloma Fiberglass Inc.
Chevron Chemical Co.
Chevron Chemical Co.
Coatings Inc. & Co.
Du Pont Victoria Site
Du Pont Victoria Site
Eli Lilly & Co.
Hi Lilly & Co.
G & O Manufacturing Co.
Gates Energy Products
GE Appliances
Mobil Chemical Co.
Quancx Corp.
Refiners Marketing Co.
crrY
East Helena
Lacka wanna
Jackson
Cherryvale
St James
St James
Bayamon
Victoria
Victoria
Clinton
Clinton
New Haven
Warrensburg
Louisville
Houston
Jackson
Terminal Island
COUNTY
Lewis and Clark
Erie
Jackson
Montgomery
St James
St James
Bayamon
Victoria
Victoria
Vermillion
Vermillion
New Haven
Johnson
Jefferson
Harris
Jackson
Los Angeles
STATE
MT
NY
MI
KS
LA
LA
PR
TX
TX
IN
IN
CT
MO
KY
TX
MI
CA
CHEMICAL
Zinc Compounds
Zinc Compounds
Chromium
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (b)
Ethylbenzene
Styrene
Toluene
Nitric Acid
Cyclohexane
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Copper
Lead Compounds
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Propylene
Manganese
Ethylene Glycol
AIR
Pounds
23,900
24,250
33
0
44,600
36,800
0
0
112,927
381,000
141,000
0
4
0
266,000
2,827
0
SURFACE
WATER
Pounds
0
13,000
o
0
59
72
0
o
30
250
250
0
0
0
. 0
28
0
126
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
were from the Primary Metals industry, however, which agrees with the fact that the
two chemicals reported in these volumes, as noted above, were metals. (See Table
3-36.)
In interpreting the maximum amounts reported on site for any one facility, it should
be remembered that this information is not necessarily indicative of the amount of
releases and transfers associated with that facility. Facilities reporting in the highest
maximum amount codes 10 and 11 may have reported relatively small releases and
transfers of the chemical of concern. (See Table 3-37.) The reverse is also true: a
chemical whose maximum amount on site is small may generate large releases and
transfers. For example, the Stone Container Corporation facility in Panama City,
Florida, reported a maximum amount on-site at any one time of methanol in the zero
to 99 pound range (code 01). However, this facility reported releases and transfers of
methanol of 8.6 million pounds. Stone Container is a pulp and paper mill. Methanol
is produced during the processing of the wood. Most of the methanol (95 percent) at
this facility is transferred to a POTW with the remainder released to air, resulting in
a reported minimum amount (99 pounds or less) of methanol on site at any one time
during 1989.
Maximum amount on-slte
did not necessarily indicate
the size of a facility's
releases and transfers.
Table 3-37, continued.
FACILITY NAME
Asarcolnc.
Bethlehem Steel Coip.
Quanex Corp.
Charloma Fiberglass Inc.
Chevron Chemical Co.
Chevron Chemical Co.
Coatings Inc. & Co.
Du Pont Victoria Site
Du Pont Victoria Site
Eli Lilly & Co.
Eli Lilly & Co.
G & O Manufacturing Co
Gates Energy Products
GE Appliances
Mobil Chemical Co.
Quanex Corp.
Refiners Marketing Co.
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Pounds
107
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
OFF-SITE TOTAL RELEASES LAND
AND TRANSFERS
' Pounds
0
50,000
0
0
2^31
1,622
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
21300
250
0
0
Pounds
29,031,807
367,250
33
0
46,990
38,494
0
23,265,600
222,654
381,500
141,500
250
7
21300
266,250
2,855
0
Pounds
29,007,800
280,000
0
0
0
0
3,920
237
250
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
23,261,680
109,460
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
727
-------
Chapters
Emission Factors
4%
Not Repoted
3%
Measurement
26%
Mass Balance
22%
Figure 3-13. Basis of Estimate for TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1989.
Table 3-38. TRI Releases and Transfers by Basis of Estimate by Type of TRI Release or Transfer, 1989.
TYPE OFTRI RELEASE
ORTRANSFER
TOTAL AIR EMISSIONS
Fugitive Air Emissions
Point Source Air Emissions
MEASUREMENT
Pounds
302,647356
27,581,380
275,065,976
Percent
12.47
3.70
16.36
BASIS OF ESTIMATE
MASS BALANCE
Pounds
815,577,090
252,194,774
563,382316
Percent
33.60
33.82
33.51
EMISSION FACTOR
Pounds
202,234,634
92,488,067
109,746,567
D«M>W*4
8.33
12.40
6.53
OTHER
Pounds Percent
1,013,047,308 41.74
341,763,583 45.831
671,283,725 39.92
SURFACEWATER
TOTAL LAND
Landfill
Land Treatment
Surface Impoundment
Other Land Disposal
Unknown Land Disposal
UNDERGROUND INJECTION
PUBLIC SEWAGE
OFF-SHE TRANSFERS
TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
102,606,076
54.30
24,729,882
13.09
1,662,554
0.88
56,646,228 29.9S.
214,688,022
65309,734
13,689,804
43358,064
92,130,420
0
384,510,749
141,234,855
359,326,501
1,505,013.559
48.27
37.73
62.14
38.82
67.04
0.00
32.56
25.63
39.35
26.38
43,854,228
11,588,008
1,981,866
20,941,835
9342,519
0
22387,653
185,335,533
169,922398
U61.806.784
9.86
6.70
9.00
18.67
6.80
0.00
1.90
33.63
18.61
22.11
3,536,913
3335,171
32,725
11,939
157,078
0
143482
28,166,238
8,200,014
243,943,935
0.80
1.93
0.15
0.01
0.11
0.00
0.01
5.11
0.90
4.28
161,972,568
88,003,169
5,487,394
45,037,562
23,444,193
250
770,886,413
189,080,592
356,299,630
2,547,932,739
36.42
50.85
24.91
40.14
17.06
32.05
65.28
34.31
39.02
44.66
128
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1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
HOW FACILITIES ESTIMATED TRI RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
TRI regulations require facilities to report chemical releases and transfers to the
extent that data are available or reasonably ascertainable, and to indicate how they
arrive at the reported amounts. Estimates are usually based upon monitoring data,
mass balance, emissions factors, or other approaches such as engineering calcula-
tions and/or judgment (or some combination of these methods). Whichever method
is used, it must reflect the best information available at the facility. If more than one
method is used to arrive at the reported amount, facilities are to report the principal
method by which the amount is derived. This reporting of basis of estimate is tied to
each type of release or transfer for each chemical.
In 1989 the largest portion of the pounds of TRI releases and transfers (2.5 billion
pounds, or 45 percent) was based on "other" approaches such as engineering
calculations or best engineering judgment. Another 26 percent (1.5 billion pounds)
was based on monitoring data or measurements, 22 percent (1.3 billion pounds) was
based on mass balance calculations,11 and a small fraction (147 million pounds, or
4 percent) was based on published emission factors.12 Methods of estimation for the
remaining 3 percent were not indicated. (See Figure 3-13.)
Reports to TRI must Indicate
how release and transfer
amounts were estimated.
26% of TRI releases and
transfers were based on
monitoring data or measure-
ment.
Table 3-38,
BASIS OFESTIMATE
TYPE OF TRI RELEASE
OR TRANSFER
TOTAL AIR EMISSIONS
Fugitive Air Emissions
Point Source Air Emissions
SURFACE WATER
TOTAL LAND
Landfill
Land Treatment
Surface Impoundment
Other Land Disposal
Unknown Land Disposal
UNDERGROUND INJECTION
PUBLIC SEWAGE
OFF-SITE TRANSFERS
TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFER
NOT REPORTED
Pounds Percent
93^55^18
31,640,431
61,915,087
3309,144
20,684,819
4,839,788
840,497
2,644,456
12359448
530
2,902,784
7,217,478
19303,620
146,973363
3.85
4.24
3.68
1.75
4.65
2.80
3.81
2.36
8.99
67.95
0.25
1.31
2.11
2.58
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
2,427,061,906
745,668,235
1,681393,671
188,953,884
444,736450
173,075,870
22,032,286
112,193,856
137,433,758
780
1,180,831,181
551,034,696
913,052,163
. 5,705,670,380
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
729
-------
Chapters
Different methods prevailed for different environmental forms of release or transfer.
Direct measurement was used for 54 percent of all discharges to surface water, whi le
only 12 percent of all air emissions were measured. The largest share of air
emissions was based on "other" approaches (42 percent), as was the largest share of
discharges to underground wells (65 percent). Estimates of on-site land releases
were based largely on measurement (48 percent) and "other" methods (36 percent).
Estimated transfers to public sewage treatment plants were divided among "other"
methods and emission factors (34 percent each) and measurement (26 percent).
Similarly, estimates for other off-site transfers were divided largely between
measurement and "other" (39 percent each). Mass balance calculations were not the
most common method used for any type of release or transfer, but did account for 34
percent each of the estimates for total air emissions and for transfers to public
sewage. (See Table 3-38.)
The choice of method of estimate varies according to the type of industrial process,
the TRI chemical, mode of release or transfer, and economic and technical feasibil-
ity at a particular plant. Some differences arise from the fact that certain releases,
such as on-site land releases, are more readily contained and collected for measure-
ment, while others, such as fugitive air releases, are more dispersed, uncontained,
and difficult to measure. Also, facilities are more likely to know the amount of
wastes that must be physically transported away from the site (off-site transfers),
because shipments by barrel, rail, or truck have built-in measurements. However,
the facility still must have a method of calculating the concentration of the particular
TRI chemical in the wastes, because it is the pounds of a particular TRI chemical,
and not the facility's total wastes, which are reported to EPA.
Facilities' accuracy in using these different methods also differs widely among
facilities, for one facility from year to year, or from one process to another.
Individual facilities frequently change their basis of estimate, which may result im
increases or decreases for reported amounts of a chemical that may not relate to any
change in level of waste production or degree of environmental control from one
year to the next. (See Box 4-B.)
130
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
NOTES
1. As stated above and in Box 2-A, 302 individual chemicals were on the TRI list at the time of 1989
reporting. However, as explained in Box 2-A, terephthalic acid and all aluminum oxide (fibrous
and non-fibrous forms) reports have been excluded from this analysis. Therefore, only 300
individual chemicals are analyzed in this report.
2. While a parent company operates at least two facilities, not all these facilities may be required to
report to TRI. Hence, Vulcan Chemicals is a parent company with only one facility reporting to
TRI.
3. Prior to 1989 reporting, sodium hydroxide (solution) was deleted from the TRI chemical list.
Because this chemical represented the single base in this TRI class, the chemical class name
"acids/bases/salts," used in the 1987 and 1988 National Reports, has been changed to "mineral
acids/salts" throughout this report. See Chapter 2, Box 2-A, for further discussion of TRI chemical
deli stings.
4. In figures and tables throughout this report, class names will be abbreviated as: organics; mineral
acids/salts; metals; halo-organics; and non-metals.
5. Most suppliers are now required to notify their customers of the identities and amounts of TRI
chemicals in the mixtures or trade name products that they market. Supplier notification require-
ments were fully implemented for the first time in calendar year 1989; therefore, many facilities
purchasing chemical mixtures became aware of the identity and amount of the TRI chemicals in
these mixtures. The 1989 data should more accurately reflect the composition of TRI chemicals in
wastes, and there may be decreased reporting of wastes in the mixture category as a result of the
supplier notification requirements, as facilities are able to report more mixture components under
the specific chemical names.
6. Reported discharges of phosphoric and sulfuric acid may be artificially high due to incorrect facility
reporting of TRI mineral acids in wastes that have been neutralized prior to discharge. The 1989
TRI data should reflect the TRI reporting requirements more accurately than those of prior years.
7. Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide, EPA 560/2-89-002 (Washington, DC: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, July 1989).
8. The term "counties" in this report includes counties, parishes, and similar governmental jurisdictions
such as independent cities that are not incorporated into any county. (See Chapter 8.)
9. TRI facilities report individual city names, rather than standard metropolitan statistical areas
(SMSAs) which include a city and its surrounding suburbs. Facilities in large metropolitan areas
may be located in any of various suburbs, each with a different name. Thus, many large metropoli-
tan areas do not appear on the list because the reporting TRI facilities are scattered in suburbs with
different names.
131
-------
Chapters
10. There are four possible reasons for which facilities might be included in this category: 1) they did
not fill out the SIC code section of their TRI forms completely or correctly; 2) they were not
among SIC codes 20-39, but did not understand that they were not required to report; 3) they were
not among SIC codes 20-39, but voluntarily reported their activities involving TRI chemicals; 4)
they reported SIC codes in 20-39, but the data were entered into the TRI database incorrectly.
11. Mass balance calculations relate to an entire industrial process or piece of process equipment If
there were no wastestream, the amount of a chemical leaving a process or piece of equipment
(output) would equal the amount entering (input). If the amount of chemicals in the input and
output streams for the process are known, the amount of chemicals in the wastestream can be
found by calculating the difference in the input and output amounts, accounting for any accumula-
tion or depletion of the chemical inside the equipment or process, such as by chemical reaction.
12. Emission factors are published estimates based on the average measured emissions at several
facilities in the same industry for the same general type of industrial process. Emission factors
usually express releases as a ratio of amount released to process/equipment throughput.
132
-------
1989 Toxics Release Inventory Data
Photo: Daniel J. Kasztelan
133
-------
134
Photo: Daniel J. Kasztelan,
-------
CHAPTER 4. COMPARING 1989 TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS TO
PREVIOUS YEARS
INTRODUCTION
Total reported releases and transfers of TRI chemicals (excluding delisted chemi-
cals) were 1.3 billion pounds less in 1989 than in 1987, amounting to an overall
change of 19 percent. While this change in the TRI numbers is certainly encourag-
ing, total releases and transfers of TRI chemicals, as reported only by those
manufacturing facilities meeting the TRI reporting requirements, still exceeded 5.7
billion pounds in 1989. (See Table 4-1.)
While some of these reported decreases are due to true reductions in releases and
transfers, others are due to factors such as changes in estimation methods, a better
understanding of the reporting requirements, corrections of errors in previous
submissions, and other factors. For a more thorough discussion related to possible
reasons for increases and decreases, see Box 4-B.
The first part of this chapter discusses the changes in total TRI releases and transfers,
and is followed by discussions addressing the changes specific to each of the various
TRI release or transfer categories: air, water, land, underground injection, and off-
site transfers either to public sewage or other waste management facilities for
treatment, storage, or disposal. While data are available for 1987, this chapter
primarily compares TRI data for 1988 and 1989 because the 1988 data are consid-
ered to be more reliable than the 1987 data for a variety of reasons. (See Chapter 2.)1
Total reported TRI releases
and transfers were 1.3 billion
pounds less In 1989 than in
1987.
Table 4-1. TRI Total Facilities, Forms, and Releases and Transfers, 1987-1989.
Total Foims Submitted
Forms with Releases/Transfers
Total Facilities
Facilities with Releases/Transfers
1989
Number
81,891
72,428
22,569
20,812
1988
Number
75,194
66,807
21,144
19,616
1987
Number
68,800
60,546
19,617
18,082
CHANGE 1988-1989
Number Percent
6,697
5,621
1,425
1,196
8.91
8.41
6.74
6.10
CHANGE
Number
13,091
11,882
2,952
2,730
1987-1989
Percent
19.03
19.62
15.05
15.10
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Percent Pounds Percent
TRI Total Releases and Transfers 5,705,670,380 6,426,484,611 7,011,244,040 -720,814,231 -11.22 -1,305,573,660 -18.62
135
-------
Chapter 4
In order to compare data for more than one year, it is necessary to standardize the
data by removing the forms for those chemicals that have been removed from the
TRI reporting list (delisted chemicals). None of the analyses in this chapter or the
rest of the report include forms for delisted chemicals, except in Chapter 2 where
such changes to the database are explained.
As noted repeatedly throughout this report, individual facilities played a significant,
often dominant, role in specific increases and decreases, including the overall
changes in TRI releases and transfers. For example, the 20 facilities with the largest
decreases in total TRI releases and transfers from 1988 to 1989 represented a
combined decrease of 555.1 million pounds (compare this to the overall net decrease
of 720.8 million pounds reported by all TRI facilities for this time period). (See
Chapter 8 for a discussion of linking facility data across years.) Of the 22,569
facilities reporting to TRI in 1989, just 127 showed decreases of over 1.5 million
pounds each between 1988 and 1989, and those decreases accounted for 59 percent
of all 1989 decreases by TRI facilities. In view of this, and the fact that almost as
many facilities showed increases in their TRI amounts as showed decreases, it
appears that a relatively small number of facilities with large decreases accounted
for a substantial portion of the net decrease in TRI totals from 1988 to 1989. (See
Appendix F, Table F-7 and Chapter 8.)
The facilities with the greatest decreases and increases emerge frequently as major
contributors to the changes described herein. Overall, most large changes at
individual facilities involved a single chemical and a single route of release or
transfer, as discussed below.
Even though the number of
TRI facilities and forms
Increased, total TRI releases
and transfers decreased by
11% from 1988 to 1989.
Overview of Changes in Total TRI Releases and Transfers
from 1988 to 1989
Total releases and transfers of TRI chemicals (excluding delisted chemicals)
dropped 11 percent (720.8 million pounds) from 1988 to 1989, despite the fact thai
the number of TRI facilities and forms increased. Seven percent more facilities
reported to TRI in 1989 than in 1988, for a total of 22,569 facilities in 1989. These
TRI facilities together submitted 81,891 forms in 1989,an increase of 9percent over
the previous year. (See Table 4-1 and Box 4-A.) Possible explanations for changes
in TRI releases and transfers are discussed in Box 4-B.
The net decrease of 720.8 million pounds from 1988 to 1989 was the result of 1.6
billion pounds of decreases, partially offset by 889.7 million pounds of increases.
The number of facilities showing increases between 1988 and 1989 (11,148)
exceeded the number showing decreases (10,775); however, the number of facilities
showing decreases in excess of 1 million pounds (226) was considerably more than
the number showing increases of that magnitude (135).
136
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
ia^A^ACiptiEs THAT HEP OUTEDJO mi KNONIY aw| YEAR
^ •.•.,»•.-,,. , -f , ,, ^
* The feicMty raayjjave me* 1TRI irepsriiBg: refpfeemelW si anly «ae year. For example, & £aeili|y may lave
^ ^ sported toWie I£B? aad/ot iS^S, bo* aot int 1989, fora**? of ^e £ollo.wia&jea$<3&st a} If May ao loager
1M (SIC Cc»4es 20^'«|i!swa ^ >^t(% <^ to
tnanufac|ar|ng: sector.;' e^ it tnay not.Mve Hiauufaetared, jproeessed, gf :Qt&erwise ased any TRf chemicals:
.'^e repofliug ll^^Qldft^j$(bw^^
" "" "' """
,* 1^ &eUi$ ^ay have j^ctteS l» one fearwlett la. lacf It was aof feft«ked fotegott* ' „ -
* H^ fecaity^a^ Mve |oa$- ,s ^s^a^i^i for th^LoBtsilia^CSteimfcai Associlifioo»^^/tf«^Cji^8«a?
hAiZaixqtitatioK & Camjidriseai
-------
Chapter 4
^ k *»''" •*™yi' •* . ^-i""-**^ «.«?,. ^vs •%•?> w-. •• y \ ff f "ff
Possa)IeKeasoi}$|o^3&)^9|ef1?%^
* More ot fs^ar d<^eM;to|^m,jEh'afi ia. itrevfejiis ye$t&: As&^adfiSlali^j
wfcielt were
t*a
faeOitis$ imdE to
.
Hda^a. pfajjt wjl^pe^
^ rC?^K ^$ws§s«?jfbjv'v ~ ' ,' v >"*x'','s '"s^";'^^'? '"t, \t, ;, „ '' ' '" ,•• /
ti&t$l^&&$^Jj$^^
'
COtWCttttg & previous «g
» >
Of 2?0>GOO£OafldS|»jj!&a$ as a.7lidllktt pounds), faHu^to r^orf a chea&althat siu)uja feaVe beea *|j6rtfed
water
ret^;^ • is|? jf^i^ «|j^
e and otter
-------
Comparing 1989 TKI to Previous Years
Box 4^3, continued.
or reused. &&e facility
decreases to oEMfe ,
as fuel
» decrease to H*3 ai»o»r»£s* a$
, Sdnietii»es,:howevef?Juit6t^ cdittpcisitba and fexicity of the wastes, the
s
faTfefea^Bew^Bipmea^ Oow tJheteicalOSA* jaPlaqueraJbe, tiOiilsJaaa,decEeased toxic ^rateaiiiss
ssaad
HteaSalffll 60 peareeai. fey a. process stodiftcatloa &af diverted the wastesfcream ftff'cembastlofijEather &aa
•"•••••• ^^"v. % % •• „„ ••'•• ""^
/' , < •. „ % , " ' ' " ffStf ' "">'« ' "•"• 'Hit
* MinaiBaUoR of unaee^sary seleafes, wit»oiLiece«s«inly haviiag to anal® ai^jor changes isa processes or
., decreased its air etnfeskaii$1 pereeai,,,as dfe result «f
percent doe to & votuiitary ndn-bafo&enated ofgartfcs corapiaflce pp^jpaia which Included tnoaitojln| and
3fa$m$?e&8^^ " '
^ Texas, uses feeiteene M ^extr^&tkitt ageat i» the mafebg of »yfea««id reduced benzene fdeases'fiy
57 j>$£o&»t<53^,{)00 psinjfe) fe^e^ 1988 and 190^, Tfe^ doseases were attribated to a 5+-year reduc£o»
firdgraiiildrdiis tod^thettoxfethejniealsinvol¥ingliplh.prote^^ ehaBge^^dtestallaliQiiofaew egulpttteiit.
T*i$ facility iia^f iiasfalied atwo^^i$e shipper tff w«s$ew«fer and has eltoiinated the »se of feeiejcnp m oae
process area, this was done l>y the inSlailatbn of a catalylto erackiiig unit ia 198$
. ,
because- feenzene is m* fcf the 33/50 feogram chemicals {see Chapter 5), and thts factfuy^! Jul
«»toeral^tdfis before relea^ ortraajfer? Wf jt^tifctg lr»sftacJip^ todicaw^al nslea^s or
txansfers 6f mineral acMs dial n^ve feeftft :neuJratjzed prior to release or transfer should be; reported as zero>
'' to iS^8 Wy fcave tocoarecfl^reprted
^
^ io a a6B-jaa»Bfactarinf IndaSnirf Sector wMcli fe outside of |he^,IC
139
-------
Chapter 4
Box 4-B* continued
Additional ft^asqn^for
* Change jfet ihreshblpj
been required
databa«!, :aiai
in th
esgraallqg erafes|®a4 Many
Combinations of In^
^ '"." "" ^ "**,""y£f-z.*s,. Trrr""* ~™™™-;j^— —^**v^w>«. v«TO.;*»i»w»v»««.Mt'<-J3;CjW:^y-^t;( tOtiitl tK,Iverthe year, but |h.atotalfor|he^pQt|ing ye^l'
increased because fif a^^*1*** «*<'^<<'««'> *^i^«<>^ -*« «^i« - T* "< '. " -'
Total TRI releases decreased
by 532.3 million pounds
from 1988 to 1989, while
total TRI transfers (ell by
188.5 million pounds.
All of the TRI release or
transfer categories showed
decreases from 1988 to
1989.
140
Total TRI releases and total TRI transfers each decreased by 11 percent between
1988 and 1989. In 1989, TRI facilities together reported 532.3 million pounds less;
total releases to either air, water, land or underground injection wells than in the
previous year. Total TRI transfers to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and
other waste management facilities for treatment, storage or disposal decreased by a
smaller amount, 188.5 million pounds, but started at a much lower total (1.7 billion
pounds in 1988 as compared to 4.8 billion pounds of TRI releases in 1988).
Decreases were seen from 1988 to 1989 for every category of TRI release or
transfer, especially off-site transfers and total air emissions, which each declined by
168.6 million pounds. Total air emissions include bothpofn? source and fugitive air
emissions. Point source emissions are those emissions released from a smokestack,
vent, or other confined air stream, while fugitive air emissions are emissions that are
not released from a confined air stream, such as equipment leaks or evaporation
-------
Comparing 1989 TRf to Previous Years
from'surface impoundments. Fugitive air emissions decreased by a much smaller
amount than point source air emissions from 1988 to 1989 (38.2 million pounds as
compared to a net decrease of 130.4 million pounds for point source air emissions).
(See Figure 4-1 and Table 4-2.)
Discharges to underground injection wells dropped by the next highest absolute
amount, 153.3 million pounds from 1988 to 1989. Surface water discharges de-
creased by a smaller absolute amount (120.6 million pounds) than the other release
and transfer categories discussed above, but by the largest percentage decrease—39
percent—of any TRI release or transfer category.
On-site land releases were associated with the next highest percentage decrease, 17
percent, dropping by 89.8 million pounds from 1988 to 1989, while transfers to
POTWs changed the least both in absolute and percentage terms, decreasing by 19.9
million pounds or 3 percent.
Changes in Environmental Distribution, for 1988 and 1989
In both 1988 and 1989, total releases to air, water, land and underground injection
wells made up 74 percent of the total TRI releases and transfers. The remaining 26
percent of the total was transferred off site, either to POTWs or to other waste
management facilities for treatment, storage or disposal. (See Figure 4-2, Table 4-
2;and Boxes 4-D and 4-E.)
The environmental distribution of TRI chemicals changed little from 1988 to 1989.
The largest release or transfer category in 1989, total air emissions, increased from
40 percent of the 1988 total TRI releases and transfers to 43 percent of the 1989 total.
Fugitive air emissions were a slightly larger share (31 percent) of total air releases
in 1989 than in 1988 (when they comprised 30 percent of the total). Underground
injection, the second largest release or transfer component in 1989, comprised 21
percent of the total in 1989 for the second year in a row, while total on-site land
releases represented 8 percent of the total in both years. (See Figure 4-3.)
The relative share of transfers to public sewage increased from 9 to 10 percent
between 1988 and 1989. Off-site transfers contributed 16 percent of the total TRI
amount in 1989 as compared to 17 percent in 1988.
Surface water discharges, with the lowest reported releases and transfers in both
years, represented 3 percent of the 1989 total and 5 percent of the 1988 total TRI
releases and transfers.
Changes in Chemical Distribution, 1988 to 1989
Of the 300 individual TRI chemicals and 20 chemical categories analyzied in this
report, total TRI releases and transfers decreased from 1988 to 1989 for 171
chemicals, increased for 95, and remained the same for four. Another 50 chemicals
had no releases or transfers reported during either year or had no TRI reports filed for
either year.
In both 1988 and 1989, total
releases made up 74% of the
total TRI releases and
transfers, while total
transfers accounted for the
other 26%.
The environmental distribu-
tion of TRI chemicals
remained consistent from
1988 -1989, with air emis-
sions accounting for the
largest share of the total In
both years.
141
-------
Chapter 4
Total TRI releases and
transfers of 66 chemicals
changed by more than 1
million pounds each from
1988 to 1989.
Total TRI releases and
transfers of hydrochloric
acid decreased by 130.0
million pounds from 1988 to
1989...
Total TRI releases and transfers of 54 chemicals decreased by more than 1 million
pounds from 1988 to 1989. At the same time, total releases and transfers of 12 TRI
chemicals increased by this amount. However, only decreases were recorded for the
14 chemicals changing by more than 10 million pounds. Because their combined
decrease totaled 572.8 million pounds, these 14 chemicals heavily influenced the
overall change in total TRI releases and transfers from 1988 to 1989.
Despite these changes, the list of the top 25 chemicals for total TRI releases and
transfers remained the same from 1988 to 1989, with two exceptions: chromium
compounds were on the 1989 list, but not on the 1988 list, while trichloroethylene
was on the 1988 list only. In both 1988 and 1989, ammonium sulfate (solution),
hydrochloric acid, methanol, and ammoniaranked first through fourth, respectively,
in reported total TRI releases and transfers, and the top 25 chemicals accounted for
83 percent of total TRI releases and transfers. (See Chapter 2, Table 2-12; and
Chapter 3, Table 3-1.)
Total TRI releases and transfers of hydrochloric acid, the second-ranked chemical
for total releases and transfers in 1989, decreased the most from 1988 to 1989. The
1989 total for hydrochloric acid was 130.0 million pounds (or 21 percent) less than
the prior year's total. Underground injection of hydrochloric acid decreased by 96.1
million pounds. Smaller decreases in off-site transfers and transfers to public sewage
of hydrochloric acid, totaling 27.0 million pounds and 7.7 million pounds, respec-
tively, also played roles in the overall net reduction of hydrochloric acid from 1988
to 1989. The decrease in off-site transfers of hydrochloric acid resulted primarily
from the effect of data from Allied-Signal Inc. in Elizabeth, New Jersey, which had
Millions of Pounds
3,000
Surface
Water
Land Underground Public
Sewage
11987 00 1988 H1989
Off-site
Rgure 4-1. Changes In Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals, 1987-1989.
142
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
a process shut-down during the fourth quarter of 1988. That facility reported 26.3
million pounds of off-site transfers of hydrochloric acid in 1988 and zero pounds in
1989. (See Figure 4-4 and Table 4-3.)
Total releases and transfers of phosphoric acid, the chemical ranked sixteenth in
1989 for total TRI releases and transfers, were cut in half from 1988 to 1989. This
99.7-million-pound reduction for phosphoric acid was the second largest chemical-
specific decrease in absolute terms. The decrease is primarily attributable to a
decrease in releases to surface water of 95.5 million pounds. (See Table 4-3.)
...while total releases and
transfers of phosphoric acid
decreased by 99.7 million
pounds...
Table 4-2. Environmental Distribution of the Changes in TRI Releases and Transfers, 1987-1989.
TYPE OF RELEASE
OR TRANSFER
Air
Surface Water
Land
Underground Injection
Public Sewage
Off-site
RELEASE OR
TRANSFER
1989
Pounds
2,427,061,906
188,953,884
444,736,550
1,180,831,181
551,034,696
913,052,163
RELEASE OR
TRANSFER
1988
Pounds
2395,641,583
309,561,617
534,511,007
U34.164.262
570,928,680
1,081,677,462
RELEASE OR
TRANSFER
1987
Pounds
2,646,562,852
411,337,177
736,695385
1,319,128,528
620,972,725
1,276,547,173
CHANGE
1987-1989
Pounds Percent
-219,500,946
-222,383,293
-291,959,035
-138,297347
-69,938,029
-363,495,010
-8.29
-54.06
-39.63
-10.48
-11.26
-28.47
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-168,579,677
-120,607,733
-89,774,457
-153,333,081
-19,893,984
-168,625,299
-6.49
-38.96
-16.80
-11.49
-3.48
-1539
TRI Total Releases and Transfera 5,705,670,380
6,426,484,611
7,011,244,040
-1305373,660 -18.62
-720,814,231 -11.22
Billions of Pounds
8
1987 1988
• Total Releases S Total Transfers
1989
Figure 4-2. TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1987-1989.
143
-------
Chapter 4
...and tola] releases and
transfers of methanol
decreased by 47.0 million
pounds.
The -lib-largest decrease In
total releases and transfers
from 1988 to 1989 was
recorded for ammonium
sulfale (solution).
Total releases and transfers
of several TRI chemicals
each decreased by both
more than 1 million pounds
and 50%.
Total releases and transfers
of mineral acids/salts
decreased by a larger
amount than any other TRI
chemical class from 1988 to
1989...
Total releases and transfers of methanol, the third-ranked chemical in 1989 for total
releases and transfers, decreased by 47.0 million pounds, the third largest decrease.
Methanol decreases were more evenly distributed among the release and transfer
categories than either hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid. The largest changes in
methanol were for total air emissions and off-site transfers, which decreased by 20.2
million pounds and 15.2 million pounds, respectively, between 1988 and 1989. (See
Table 4-3.)
The top-ranked chemical in 1989 for total TRI releases and transfers, ammonium
sulfate (solution), was associated with the fourth-largest decrease from 1988 1;o
1989—46.9 million pounds, a 6 percent change. Large decreases in underground
injection of this chemical, totaling 58.9 million pounds, were partially offset by
increases in transfers to POTWs (an increase of 13.6 million pounds) and on-site
land releases (an increase of 1.9 million pounds). The three facilities showing the
largest decreases for this chemical in underground injection were all located in
Texas—Sterling Chemicals, Inc. in Texas City, with a 36.0-million-pound decrease;
Du Pont Beaumont Works in Beaumont, with a 34.0-million-pound decrease; and
BP Chemicals in Port Lavaca, with a 12.0-million-pound decrease. (See Figure 4-5;
Table 4-3; and Appendix F, Table F-7.)
Of the 54 TRI chemicals associated with decreases in total releases and transfers
greater than one million pounds each, seven also decreased by greater than 50
percent: phosphoric acid (with a decrease of 50 percent, 99.7 million pounds, as
discussed above); asbestos (friable) (with a decrease of 67 percent, 17.9 million
pounds); chlorine dioxide (with a decrease of 52 percent, 7.5 million pounds);
barium (with a decrease of 53 percent, 4.3 million pounds); m-xylene (with a
decrease of 59 percent, 2.1 million pounds); nitrobenzene (with a decrease of 68
percent, 1.5 million pounds); and antimony (with a decrease of 53 percent, 1.2
million pounds).
Total releases and transfers of isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing—strong acid
process)2 increased by the largest absolute amount—4.8 million pounds, followed
closely by increases in propylene of 4.7 million pounds. (See Table 4-3.)
Changes in Chemical Class, 1988 to 1989
Total releases and transfers of mineral acids/salts3 decreased by the largest amount
of any TRI chemical class—371.5 million pounds, a 17 percent decrease.4 The class
of mineral acids/salts made up a similar share of the total TRI releases and transfers
in 1989 (32 percent) and 1988 (34 percent). (Mixtures and trade secrets cannot be
assigned to chemical classes; see Chapter 3 for an explanation of chemical classes
and Appendix B for a complete list of TRI chemicals, with their classes indicated.)
(See Figure 4-6; Table 4-4.; Chapter 2, Table 2-13; Chapter 3, Table 3-14.)
144
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Public Sewage
Surface Water
3%
1989 Total: 5.7 Billion Pounds
Public Sewage
9%
Underground
21%
Surface Water
5%
1988 Total: 6.4 Billion Pounds
Public Sewage
9%
Underground
19%
Surface Water
6%
1987 Total: 7.0 Billion Pounds
Air
40%
:igure 4-3. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers, 1987-1989.
145
-------
Chapter 4
...largely due to the 130.0-
mllllon-pound decrease in
hydrochloric acid releases
and transfers.
Total releases and transfers of five mineral acids/salts each decreased by more than
30 million pounds over the year, with hydrochloric acid alone decreasing by 130.0
million pounds. Decreases were seen for mineral acids/salts for all release and
transfer categories except air, which increased by less than one million pounds:.
Surface water discharges and underground injection of mineral acids/salts decreased
by the largest amounts, 115.6 million pounds and 159.6 million pounds, respec-
tively. Decreased off-site transfers of mineral acids/salts totaling 70.0 million
pounds also played a large role in the overall decrease observed for this chemicail
class. (See Table 4-4.)
Total releases and transfers
of the non-halogenated
organlcs class fell by the
2nd-!argest amount of any
TRI chemical class between
1988 and 1989...
The non-halogenated organics class was associated with the second-largest decrease
in total TRI releases and transfers of any TRI chemical class, a decrease of 140.2
million pounds or 6 percent. In 1989, this chemical class represented 37 percent of
the total TRI releases and transfers, up 2 percent from 1988. Total releases and
transfers of three non-halogenated organic chemicals—methanol, toluene, and
carbon disulfide—each decreased by greater than 24 million pounds, thereby
influencing the direction of the overall change for this class. Air emissions and off-
site transfers of non-halogenated organics decreased the most from 1988 to 1989, by
89.2 million pounds and 34.3 million pounds, respectively. (See Table 4-4.)
Table 4-3. Changes In TRI Releases and Transfers for the Top Ten Increasing TRI Chemicals and the Top Ten Decreasing
TRI Chemicals (a), 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
CHANGE IN
AIR
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN
SURFACE WATER
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN
LAND
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN
UNDERGROUND
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
THE TEN TRI CHEMICALS WITH THE LARGEST DECREASES IN TRI TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Hydrochloric acid 1,585,072 2.68 -885,899 -22.44 70,950 1.70
Phosphoric acid -27,132 -1.49 -95,484,136 -77.85 -1,728,530 -3.34
Mclhanol -20,173,214 -9.17 418,607 2.52 -4,970,872 -39.03
Ammonium sulfate (solution) 138,908 19.41 -2,345,421 -3.31 1,882,868 14.02
Sulfuricacid 7,396,787 43.87 -16,449,835 -44.77 1,117,797 30.98
Zinc compounds -2,466,641 -34.51 -184,863 -17.57 -16,071,510 -14.01
Ammonium nitrate (solution) 507,480 17.23 417,259 4.95 -8,449,279 -52.74
Toluene -23,660,155 -8.48 -82,895 -32.35 -332,209 -45.24
Dichloromcthane -18,320,364 -14.36 -121,378 -34.92 -141,017 -89.73
Carbon disulfide -24,098,419 -19.45 -6,396 -16.30 -42,933 -99.41
THE TEN TRI CHEMICALS WITH THE LARGEST INCREASES IN TRI TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.- strong acid proc.)3,673,860 192.14
Propylcne
Manganese compounds
Acrylamide
Chromium compounds
Cyclohexane
Nickel compounds
Ethylbcnzcnc
Elhylcneglycol
Acrylonitrile
-833,513
30,949
-1,023
534,757
4,057,619
-32,906
1,574,434
-521,428
186,861
-3.42
1.86
-3.93
70.16
31.55
-13.14
22.60
-3.89
4.45
9,168
-9,120
144,879
4,248
156,013
55
-14,219
465
516
-1,882
498.26
-90.85
21.25
135.98
48.78
0.27
-10.99
2.86
0.01
-32.04
1,643 11735.71
250 —
1,106,248 1.32
236
176,468
8,924
504,128
-112,950
-41,477
31.22
.57
22.66
20.07
-55.95
-4.62
2,312 107.53
-96,141,646
38,055
-3,159,104
-58,906,039
10,875,806
51,277
-23,203,000
-816,273
82,639
3,200
-24.22
69.24
-11.99
-11.32
7.84
49.30
-34.15
-56.82
12.43
23.88
18,441
0
-5,810,302
3,551,980
-23,543
32,772
44,618
-7,939
5,681,802
1,227,835
-85.25
404.09
-28.48
10.16
19.86
-11.60
196.12
26.91
(a) Based on TRI total releases and transfers.
146
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Total releases and transfers of metals and metal compounds decreased by the third
largest amount, 100.7 million pounds (a decrease of 13 percent) from 1988 to 1989,
largely the result of decreases in zinc compounds, manganese and zinc (fume or
dust) totaling 42.4 million pounds, 12.6 million pounds, and 11.1 million pounds,
respectively. Significant decreases in on-site land releases (61.7 million pounds)
and off-site transfers (34.2 million pounds) were factors in the overall decrease of
this chemical class. (See Table 4-4.)
Total releases and transfers of halogenated organics decreased by 62.6 million
pounds (10 percent) from 1988 to 1989, mostly due to approximately equal
decreases of fugitive and point source air emissions, although decreases in off-site
transfers also played a role in the overall decrease for this class. Releases and
transfers of one halogenated organic, dichloromethane, fell by 24.7 million pounds.
(See Table 4-4 and Chapter 6.)
...while metals and metal
compounds were associated
with the 3rd-largest
decrease.
Table 4-3, continued.
CHEMICAL
CHANGE IN
PUBLIC SEWAGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN
OFF-SITE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN TOTAL
RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
THE TEN TRI CHEMICALS WITH THE LARGEST DECREASES IN TRI TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Hydrochloric acid -7,715,561 -21.49 -26,953,068 -21.47 -130,040,152 -20.78
Phosphoric acid -2,217,811 -16.07 -310,454 -3.76 -99,730,008 -50.27
Methanol -3,957,035 -3.50 -15,167,373 -22.80 -47,008,991 -10.33
Ammonium sulfate (solution) 13,560,428 7.22 -1,266,533 -27.14 -46,935,789 -5.88
Sulfuric acid -11,549,812 -21.22 -34,862,725 -31.26 -43,471,982 -12.01
Zinc compounds 518,830 34.37 -24,237,915 -29.33 -42,390,822 -20.46
Ammonium nitrate (solution) -497,000 -6.54 -613,401 -27.74 -31,837,941 -30.28
Toluene -448,118 -12.64 -1,527,961 -2.38 -26,867,611 -7.69
Dichloromethane -1,481,322 -49.99 -4,722,015 -20.24 -24,703,457 -15.93
Carbon disulfide -26,834 -16.84 -39,295 -18.47 -24,210,677 -19.47
THE TEN TRI CHEMICALS WITH THE LARGEST INCREASES IN TRI TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg. strong acid proc.) 449,8 16
Propylene 5,603
Manganese compounds 4,723,730
Acrylamide 19,596
Chromium compounds -709,802
Cyclohexane -111,538
Nickel compounds -398,887
Ethylbenzene 60,443
Ethylene glycol -493,094
Acrylonitrile -167,838
282.83
1120.60
256.40
144.73
-41.98
-78.73
-61.45
11.91
-2.89
-17.56
614,696
5446,047
4,240,241
17,659
3,431,157
-598,207
2,314,303
655,684
-2,527,975
210,501
74.90
363.81
20.67
15.98
25.19
-20.11
34.71
19.43
-14.29
19.14
4,767,624
4,709,267
4,435,745
3,592,696
3,565,050
3,389,625
2,417,037
2,170,137
2,098,344
1,457,789
164.76
18.18
3.84
347.80
7.53
20.72
23.17
19.49
3.77
13.47
147
-------
Chapter 4
Ammonium sutfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Mothnnol
Toluene
Sulfurlcacld
Zinc compounds
Dlchloromethane
Manganese compounds
Carbon dbuHIde
Phosphoric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ethylona glycol
Chromium compounds
Propylens
Cyclohexana
Ethylbonzane
Nickel compounds
Acrylonltrile
bopropyl alcohol (tnfg.)(a)
Acrylamlde
•1'
(a) Strong acid process
mm
•
i
1
1
i
•
i
i
10 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20
Change In Millions of Pounds
Figure 4-4. TRI Chemicals with the Greatest Changes In TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989. (The ten TRI
chemicals with the greatest increases and the ten greatest decreases in TRI total releases and transfers, listed in descending order
according to 1989 TRI total releases and transfers.)
Facility Ntmo
Monsanto Co. (TX)
American Cyanamld Co. (LA)
Magnaslum Corp. of America
(ITT)
Du Pont Beaumont Works (TX)
Katsar Aluminum & Chemical
Cotp.(FLXa)
3M Consumer AVI Consumer
Prod.(MN)
Freeport McMoran, Agrieo
Cham. Dlv. (LAXb)
Freeport McMoran, Agrico
Chem.Drv.(LA)(e)
Shall Oil Co. (LA)
Avtax F»»rs Front Royal Inc.
(VA)
-140 -120
-100 -80 -60 -10 -20
Changs In Millions of Pounds
20
40
(a) Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. has submitted a revision to TRI regarding their 1989 releases and transfers. The revised
amount for their total releases and transfers is 4,487,000 pounds. Therefore, this facility's increase in total releases and transfers
from 1988 to 1989 is 4,487.000 pounds, (b) of Donaldson, LA. (c) of Uncle Sam. LA.
Figure 4-5. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes In Total TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989. (Facilities reporting the
five greatest increases and five greatest decreases for total TRI releases and transfers, shown in descending order according to
1989 total TRI releases and transfers.)
148
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Non-metallic inorganics showed a decrease in total releases and transfers of 41.8
million pounds (7 percent) from 1988 to 1989, as total releases and transfers of four
members of this class—asbestos (friable), ammonia, chlorine dioxide and chlo-
rine—each fell by more than six million pounds.
Changes for Carcinogens, 1988 to 1989
Total releases and transfers of the 123 TRI chemicals that are considered carcino-
gens fell by 14 percent from 1988 to 1989, a steeper rate of decrease than that
observed for all TRI chemicals (11 percent) over the same period of time. (Chapter
3, Box 3-G, defines TRI carcinogens, and Appendix B lists all TRI chemicals,
indicating those which are considered carcinogens.)
In 1989, as well as in 1988, 7 percent of TRI total releases and transfers were
comprised of carcinogens. Furthermore, in both years the 25 carcinogens with the
largest total releases and transfers accounted for over 98 percent of the total releases
and transfers for all carcinogens, while the top ten carcinogens represented over 83
percent of the carcinogenic total. (See Chapter 2, Table 2-14; and Chapter 3, Table
3-16.)
The 64.6-million-pound net reduction in total releases and transfers of TRI carcino-
gens was largely due to the decreases of four carcinogens: dichloromethane (which
decreased by 24.7 million pounds), asbestos (friable) (which decreased by 17.9
million pounds), chromium (which decreased by 8.1 million pounds), and
tetrachloroethylene (which decreased by 7.7 million pounds). For asbestos (friable),
Total releases and transfers
of TRI carcinogens de-
creased by 14% from 1988 to
1989.
4 carcinogens in particular
contributed to the net
reduction in total releases
and transfers of TRI
carcinogens.
Organics
Mineral Acids/Salts
Metals
Halo-organics
Non-metals
-400
-350
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100
Change in Millions of Pounds
Figure 4-6. Changes In TRI Total Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1988-1989. (Chemical classes shown
in descending order according to TRI total releases and transfers for 1989.)
149
-------
Chapter 4
Table 4-4. Changes In TRI Total Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
CLASS
CHANGE IN
AIR
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN
SURFACE WATER
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN
LAND
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN
UNDERGROUND
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
Organics
Mineral Acids/Salts
Metals
Halo-organics
Non-metals
Mixtures
Trade Secrets
TOTAL
-89,220,121
876,419
-890,027
-45,393,842
-37,411,414
3,414,762
44,546
-5.88
0.82
-2.99
-8.77
-8.87
158.16
25.04
287,020
-115,586,057
-975,136
7,755
-4,268,308
-56,907
-16,100
1.05
-47.26
-21.47
0.38
-13.78
-96.52
-80.70
-8,047,902 -39.58
-8,022,557 -8.87
-61,715,116 -15.64
-376,151 -54.98
-11,775,014 -41.50
162,283 601.98
0 —
-2,596,971
-159,615,539
-6,035,608
37,258
14,877,029
750
0
-2.23
-13.81
-75.97
1.22
29.26
-168,579,677 -6.49 -120,607,733 -38.96
-89,774,457 -16.80 -153,333,081 -11.49
Total releases and transfers
of 6 carcinogens each
decreased by ovar 50% and
100,000 pounds.
this change represented a 67 percent decrease. The large decrease in total releases
and transfers of dichloromethane resulted mainly from decreases in total air
emissions of 18.3 million pounds and smaller decreases in transfers to public sewage
(1.5 million pounds) and off-site transfers (4.7 million pounds). (See Figure 4-7 arid
Table 4-5. See Chapter 6 for further of discussion of dichloromethane.)
In addition to asbestos (friable), five other carcinogens decreased by over 50 percent
and over 100,000 pounds each: nitrilotriacetic acid (90 percent, 424,000 pounds),
toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (70 percent, 383,000 pounds), hydrazine sulfate (78 per-
cent, 279,000 pounds), 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (90 percent, 203,000 pounds) arid
urethane (90 percent, 137,000 pounds).
While total releases and transfers for nine TRI carcinogens decreased by more thsin
one million pounds each between 1988 and 1989, only three TRI carcinogens were
associated with increases of that magnitude. The carcinogen with the greatest
percentage increase in total releases and transfers was acrylamide, which increased
by 348 percent (3.6 million pounds) from 1988 to 1989. Almost all of the increase
for this chemical was due to a 3.6-million-pound increase in underground injection
(404 percent).
Sixteen industries showed decreases in total releases and transfers of TRI carcino-
gens from 1988 to 1989. In two of these cases (for the Multiple Codes category and
the Chemical industry), the industry-wide decrease exceeded 10 million pounds
each. (See Table 4-6.)
150
-------
Comparing 1989 TRf to Previous Years
Table 4-4, continued.
CHEMICAL
CLASS
Organics
Mineral Acids/Salts
Metals
Halo-organics
Non-metals
Mixtures
Trade Secrets
TOTAL
CHANGE IN
PUBLIC SEWAGE
1988-1989
Pounds
-6,393,308
-19,337,692
3,093,239
-2,349,685
5,155,625
-56,732
-5,431
-19,893,984
Percent
-3.17
-5.96
32.55
-27.99
19.46
-30.47
-95.60
-3.48
CHANGE IN CHANGE IN TOTAL
OFF-SITE RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
1988-1989
Pounds
-34,250,121
-69,769,335
-34,182,472
-14,571,721
-8,337,068
-7,472,370
-42,212
-168,625,299
Percent
-9.70
-24.19
-11.14
-15.80
-28.34
-64.67
-45.80
-15.59
1988-1989
Pounds
-140,221,403
-371,454,761
-100,705,120
-62,646,386
-41,759,150
-4,008,214
-19,197
-720,814,231
Percent
-6.27
-16.81
-13.37
-10.04
-7.11
-28.66
-6.49
-11.22
Facilities in the Plastics industry and those reporting no SIC codes in 20-39 were
associated with a net industry-wide increase in total releases and transfers of TRI
carcinogens of 3.0 million pounds and 1.4 million pounds, respectively. For the No
Codes category, this change represented a 56 percent increase. (See Table 4-6.)
Michigan led all other states with the largest decrease in total releases and transfers
of TRI carcinogens from 1988 to 1989—12.2 million pounds. (See Table 4-7.) This
state-wide decrease represented a 42-percent decrease in total releases and transfers
of TRI carcinogens, the second largest percentage decrease. Only Oklahoma
showed a larger percentage reduction for such releases and transfers, 43 percent (a
decrease of 2.4 million pounds). In addition to these two states, 13 other states were
each associated with a net decrease in total releases and transfers of TRI carcinogens
greater than one million pounds. However, only one state, Louisiana, registered an
increase in total releases and transfers of TRI carcinogens exceeding that amount.
For Louisiana, such releases and transfers increased from 19.8 million pounds in
1988 to 21.3 million pounds in 1989, an increase of 7 percent.
Changes in Geographical Distribution, 1988 to 1989
In 1989, for the second straight year, Texas and Louisiana were ranked number one
and number two, respectively, for total TRI releases and transfers even though these
states reported the two largest absolute decreases in total releases and transfers from
1988 to 1989 of any state or TRI reporting jurisdiction (hereafter referred to as
states). (See Figure 4-8; Table 4-8; Chapter 2, Table 2-15; and Chapter 3,
Table 3-2.)
Michigan registered the
largest decrease In total TRI
releases and transfers of TRI
carcinogens, while Louisi-
ana showed the largest
Increase.
Louisiana and Texas were
associated with the two
largest decreases In total TRI
releases and transfers from
1988 to 1989.
151
-------
Chapter 4
The net decrease) In total
releases and transfers
totaled 293.8 million pounds
In Louisiana...
In Louisiana, the 293.8-million-pound net decrease in total releases and transfers
from 1988 to 1989 was spread out among the TRI release and transfer categories,
with the exception of on-site land releases, which increased by 1.1 million pounds.
Underground injection and surface water discharges both decreased in this state
more than the other TRI release and transfer categories (by 137.5 million pounds and
113.5 million pounds, respectively.) (See Table 4-8.)
...and 89.4 million pounds in
Texas.
Texas showed a net decrease in total releases and transfers from 1988 to 1989 of 89.4
million pounds. Underground injection of TRI chemicals fell by 42.2 million pounds
in this state, while on-site land releases dropped by 32.7 million pounds. (See Table
4-8.)
A total of 32 states showed
decreases In total TRI
releases and transfers from
1988 to 1989 greater than 1
million pounds each.
In addition to Louisiana and Texas, 30 other reporting jurisdictions showed de-
creases in total TRI releases or transfers from 1988 to 1989 greater than 1 million
pounds each. For 13 of these—Virginia, New York, New Jersey, California,
Michigan, Wyoming, Arizona, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Massachusetts,
Missouri, and Connecticut—the decreases exceeded 10 million pounds each.
Table 4-5. Changes in TRI Releases and Transfers for the Top Ten Decreasing TRI Carcinogens and the Top Ten Increasing
Carcinogens (a), 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
CHANGE IN
AIR
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN
SURFACE WATER
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN
LAND
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN
UNDERGROUND
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
THE TEN TRI CARCINOGENS WITH THE LARGEST DECREASES IN TRI TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Dichloromclhane
Asbestos (friable)
Chromium
Tctrachloroclhylcnc
Benzene
Styrcne
Propylcne oxide
Lead
Ethylcnc oxide
1,3-Butadicne
-18^20,364
-10,180
496,008
-6,837,385
-3,196,920
-1,110,472
-1,263,873
-182,873
-1,612,287
-1,083,090
-14.36
-21.38
111.33
-21.14
-11.47
-3.23
-41.33
-17.50
-34.79
-16.36
-121,378
-9,649
-6,144
25,777
121,665
-7,906
-104,412
-28,073
-41,293
-269,070
-34.92
-92.34
-8.40
77.45
257.55
-13.38
-92.81
-46.71
-92.07
-65.23
-141,017
-8,547,228
-5,959,695
-93,353
-13,871
-46,641
-7,153
-1,983,111
-16,988
7,006
-89.73
-88.84
-64.13
-87.95
-10.83
-19.20
-61.50
-25.42
-31.06
89.63
82,639
0
-1,806
-22,245
-101,674
-165
-843,780
0
5,094
1,500
12.43
-72.27
-30.79
-13.20
-100.00
-75.76
45.79
—
THE TEN TRI CARCINOGENS WITH THE LARGEST INCREASES IN TRI TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg. strong acid proc.) 3,673,860 192.14
Acrylamide -1,023 -3.93
Acrylonitrile 186,861 4.45
Nickel 593,578 186.81
Hcxachlorobcnzene -403 -8.07
Chloroform 1,277,187 5.56
l,4-D!oxane 194,180 33.15
Diaminotolucnc (mixed isomers) -1,874 -8.88
Epichlorohydrin -4,051 -0.86
Dichlorobcnzcne (mixed isomers) -25,772 -15.74
(a) Based on TRI total releases and transfers.
9,168
4,248
-1,882
-779
334
50,406
43,123
-1,330
2,528
145
498.26
135.98
-32.04
-0.90
8,350.00
4.63
21.21
-40.45
147.23
362.50
1,643 11,735.71
236 31.22
2,312 107.53
193,762 17.36
0 —
1,734 2.53
22,021 188.18
-65 -22.03
1,729 222.24
0 —
18,441
3,551,980
1,227,835
4,401
300
28,336
0
-79,000
128,900
0
—
404.09
26.91
30.26
73.17
78.71
-45.40
188.73
—
152
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
DfchloromolMne
Styrano
Tctra chlo ro olhvrofi ft
Benzene
Chloroform
Load
Chromium
AcrylonlHto
bopropyl alcohol (m(g)(»)
1,34uladfena
Acrytamkto
Bhyhnaoxxte
Propytane oxkto
1,4-DtowuKi
EpIcHorohydrin
HmchlorolMiizona
DfamlnotohMne (mlxod liomon)
UcMorobenzono (mixed Uomor*)
m
^H
§••
"
i
f "
™«
^^H
i
I
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
!
Change (MIBont of Pounds)
a) Strong acid process.
Figure 4-7. TRI Carcinogens with the Greatest Changes In TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989. (The
ten TRI carcinogens with the greatest increases and the ten greatest decreases in TRI total releases and transfers,
shown in descending order of 1989 TRI total releases and transfers).
Table 4-5, continued.
CHEMICAL
CHANGE IN
PUBLIC SEWAGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
CHANGE IN CHANGE IN TOTAL
OFF-SITE RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
1988-1989 1988-1989
Pounds Percent Pounds Percent
THE TEN TRI CARCINOGENS WITH THE LARGEST DECREASES IN TRI TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Dichloromethane
Asbestos (friable)
Chromium
Tetrachloroethylene
Benzene
Styrene
Propylene oxide
Lead
Ethylene oxide
1,3-Butadiene
-1,481,322
-26,896
-95,833
-124,002
17,598
-56,431
-78,854
-73,992
-21,812
-15,802
-49.99
-39.47
-23.27
-20.02
1.60
-11.97
-19.36
-60.86
-6.01
-35.21
-4,722,015
-9,343,202
-2,507,033
-650,430
-475,924
-1,714,363
-8,538
16,642
4,209
44,630
-20.24
-54.53
-22.28
-14.18
-20.59
-19.22
-48.10
0.13
19.21
12.22
-24,703,457
-17,937,155
-8,074,503
-7,701,638
-3,649,126
-2,935,978
-2,306,610
-2,251,407
-1,683,077
-1,314,826
-15.93
-66.73
-37.59
-20.40
-11.32
-6.66
-48.86
-10.18
-32.81
-17.65
THE TEN TRI CARCINOGENS WITH THE LARGEST INCREASES IN TRI TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-strong acid proc.)
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Nickel
Hexachlorobenzene
Chloroform
1,4-Dioxane
Diaminotoluene (mixed isomers)
Epichlorohydrin
Dichlorohenzene (mixed isomers'V
449,816
19496
-167,838
-64,471
-130
-159,137
80,922
4,572
-42,643
-137.850
282.83
144.73
-17.56
-25.73
-81.25
-12.97
51.50
154.93
-58.11
-75.47
614,696
17,659
210,501
-91,093
488,032
-755,031
7,579
359,043
135,237
376 258
74.90
15.98
19.14
-1.29
50.59
-51.34
3.59
48.14
20.82
302.51
4,767,624
3,592,696
1,457,789
635,398
488,133
443,495
347,825
281,346
221,700
212781
164.76
347.80
13.47
7.17
50.31
1.65
29.76
29.70
17.51
4520
153
-------
Chapter 4
Z Louisiana parishes led all
other counties In decreases
of total TRI releases and
transfers from 1988 to 1989.
Table 4-6. Change In Total Releases and Transfers of TRI Carcinogens by Industry, 1988-
1989.
SIC
CODE
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
TOTAL
INDUSTRY
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr.Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS OF
TRI CARCINOGENS
1989
Pounds
1,344,404
28,997
3,528,595
285,858
5,486,399
1,542,084
25,359,240
1,853,544
135,933,044
6,568,392
40,842,919
929,998
8407,963
40,970,895
12^96,124
8,382,715
16,822,384
31,677,043
23,882^61
4,219,385
36,896,207
3,846,649
411,505,400
1988
Pounds
7,444,326
123,972
3,389,652
417,702
4,924,708
2,855,003
25,862,434
1,420,325
147,817,444
6,846,996
37,892,620
853,303
14,129,127
48,252,285
13,986,817
9,262,117
23,238,656
38,934,043
26,945,517
4,832,605
54,167,782
2,467,536
476,064,970
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds
-6,099,922
-94,975
138,943
-131,844
561,691
-1,312,919
-503,194
433,219
-11,884,400
-278,604
2,950,299
76,695
-5,621,164
-7,281,390
-1,390,693
-879,402
-6,416,272
-7,257,000
-3,062,956
-613,220
-17,271,575
1,379,113
-64459,570
Percent
-81.94
-76.61
4.10
-31.56
11.41
-45.99
-1.95
30.50
-8.04
-4.07
7.79
8.99
-39.78
-15.09
-9.94
-9.49
-27.61
-18.64
-11.37
-12.69
-31.89
55.89
-13.56
Wyoming's state-wide decrease of 27.3 million pounds is particularly noteworthy
because it represents a 60 percent decrease over the year. Chevron Chemical.
Company in Rock Springs, Wyoming, and Coastal Chemical Inc. in Cheyenne,
Wyoming, reported a combined decrease from 1988 to 1989 in total releases and
transfers of 28.1 million pounds. (See Map 4-1; Table 4-8; and Appendix F, Table F-
7.)
While the total releases and transfers decreased nationwide from 1988 to 1989,15
states and other reporting jurisdictions reported an increase, led by the state of
Florida. Florida's increase totaled 34.2 million pounds (a 22-percent increase), the
largest absolute and percentage increase. Significant increases were also reported
for Minnesota (14.2 million pounds, or 21 percent), Utah (9.5 million pounds, or 7
percent), Kansas (9.5 million pounds, or 5 percent), Tennessee (8.9 million pounds,
or 4 percent) and Arkansas (5.3 million pounds, or 7 percent). (See Figure 4-9, Map
4-1, and Table 4-8.)
In addition to providing information on the changes in total TRI releases and
transfers at the state level, TRI data can be used to reveal changes at the county level.
(See Map 4-2.) Such an analysis shows that two Louisiana parishes (the name for
counties in this state), St. Charles and St. James, led all other counties in changes in
total TRI releases and transfers from 1988 to 1989 with decreases of 154.6 million
154
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Table 4-7. Change in Total Releases and Transfers of TRI Carcinogens by State, 1988-1989.
STATE
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
OF CARCINOGENS
1989 1988
Pounds
CHANGE IN TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS OF
CARCINOGENS
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL
10,297,989
302,184
0
3,141,195
5,336,292
21,213,798
3,103,477
8,188,481
1,149,949
0
7,600,174
12,253,418
96,327
902,263
15,142,669
27,493,691
4,881,991
2,817,761
6,602,511
21,261,343
1,648,714
2,013,651
5,742,330
17,116,398
5,714,368
6,308,639
7,550,967
381,067
1,999,068
60,187
2,119,057
7,511,749
122,159
18,880,805
15,404,669
97,012
25,613,151
3,233,560
3,665,815
32,801,168
5,459,541
1325,514
7,259,579
144,293
11,783,238
42,912,618
4,688,934
92,089
383,714
6,693,004
5,613,359
9,251,588
6,042,055
85,827
411,505,400
10,280,060
274,367
0
3,321,419
5,396,422
24,629,750
3,598,141
12,186,080
1,611,112
0
7,443,338
13,362,399
118,125
1,140,387
17,489,868
28,551,666
6,268,067
2,291,075
9,168,619
19,831,133
2,215,795
2,514,798
6,538,895
29,300,360
5,157,729
6,270,041
8352,044
263,423
2,147,596
62,865
2,964,350
9,995,583
86,010
26,736,178
15,657,225
114,975
31,910,577
5,679,052
3,841,415
32,784,111
5,974,963
1,487,120
7,136,364
147,571
15,471,752
51,693,445
3,967,863
121,568
621,950
6,986,933
5,558,409
10,417,526
6,833,659
90,797
476,064,970
17,929
27,817
0
-180,224
-60,130
-3,415,952
-494,664
-3,997,599
-461,163
0
156,836
-1,108,981
-21,798
-238,124
-2,347,199
-1,057,975
-1,386,076
526,686
-2,566,108
1,430,210
-567,081
-501,147
-796,565
-12,183,962
556,639
38,598
-801,077
117,644
-148,528
-2,678
-845,293
-2,483,834
36,149
-7,855,373
-252,556
-17,963
-6,297,426
-2,445,492
-175,600
17,057
-515,422
-161,606
123,215
-3,278
-3,688,514
-8,780,827
721,071
-29,479
-238,236
-293,929
54,950
-1,165,938
-791,604
-4,970
-64,559,570
0.17
10.14
—
-5.43
-1.11
-13.87
-13.75
-32.80
-28.62
—
2.11
-8.30
-18.45
-20.88
-13.42
-3.71
-22.11
22.99
-27.99
7.21
-25.59
-19.93
-12.18
-41.58
10.79
0.62
-9.59
44.66
-6.92
-4.26
-28.52
-24.85
42.03
-29.38
-1.61
-15.62
-19.73
-43.06
-4.57
0.05
-8.63
-10.87
1.73
-2.22
-23.84
-16.99
18.17
-24.25
. -38.30
-4.21
0.99
-11.19
-11.58
-5.47
-13.56
755
-------
Chapter 4
The lop 10 Industries for
tola! TRI releases and
transfers remained the same
from 1988 to 1989.
Most TRI Industries were
associated with decreases In
total TRI releases and
transfers from 1988 to 1989
greater than 1 million
pounds each.
9 TRI Industries wore each
associated with a decrease
In totai TRI releases and
transfers greater than 10
million pounds.
Only the Lumber Industry
was associated with a net
Increase In total TRI releases
and transfers greater than 1
million pounds between
1988 and 1989.
156
pounds and 110.5 million pounds, respectively. The next-largest change in total TRI
releases and transfers from 1988 to 1989, an increase of 51.6 million pounds, was
reported for Polk County, Florida. (See Tables 4-9 and 4-10.)
Changes in Industrial Distribution, 1988 to 1989
In both 1988 and 1989, the same ten industries led all others in total TRI releases and
transfers. The Chemical industry generated the largest share of the total in both
years, followed by the Primary Metals industry, Multiple SIC Codes category, the
Paper industry, the Transportation industry and the Fabricated Metals industry, in
that order. Rounding out the top ten in both years were the Plastics industry, the
Electrical industry, the Petroleum industry and the Machinery industry. (See
Chapter 2, Table 2-16; and Chapter 3, Table 3-15.)
Despite the fact that industry rankings did not change significantly from 1988 to
1989, most TRI industries were associated with decreases in total TRI releases and
transfers greater than 1 million pounds each over the same period of time. The
292.7-mfflion-pound overall decrease for the Chemical industry, which led the
industry-wide decreases, was spread out among four release and transfer categories:
surface water discharges (121.7-million-pound decrease), air emissions (98.7-
million-pound decrease), off-site transfers (68.8-million-pound decrease), and on-
site land releases (23.2-million-pound decrease). These decreases for the Chemical
industry were only partially offset by increases in underground injection and
transfers to POTWs of 2.2 million pounds and 17.4 million pounds, respectively.
Most of the facilities reporting large changes in total releases and transfers from
1988 to 1989 were Chemical facilities. For example, 14 of the top 20 decreasing
facilities for total releases and transfers, including four of the top five, reported as
members of the Chemical industry in 1988, as did 12 of the top 20 increasing
facilities. (See Figure 4-10; Table 4-11; and Appendix F, Table F-7.)
Diversified facilities (those facilities reporting multiple SIC codes) were associated
with the next largest overall decrease—152.8 million pounds (a 26 percent de-
crease), while the Primary Metals industry was associated with a decrease of 102.8
million pounds (a 12 percent decrease). Five of the six TRI release or transfer
categories showed significant decreases for the Primary Metals industry, most
notably on-site land releases (with a 49.5-miUion-pound reduction) and off-site;
transfers (with a 41.7-million-pound decrease). (See Table 4-11.)
In addition to the three industries mentioned above with decreases in total TRI
releases and transfers in excess of 100 million pounds between 1988 and 1989, six
other industries were each associated with a net decrease in total releases and.
transfers greater than 10 million pounds.
Only the Lumber industry registered a net increase in total TRI releases and transfers
greater than 1 million pounds. The largest changes for particular types of releases
and transfers contributing to this net increase of 3.1 million pounds (an increase of
9 percent) were a 4.2-million-pound increase in total air emissions and a partially
off-setting decrease of 1.5 million pounds in off-site transfers.
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Table 4-8. Changes In TRI Total Releases and Transfers by State, 1988-1989.
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
CHANGE IN
AIR
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-176,221
-2,019,147
-1,750
-3,901,615
-5,772,109
-6,383,043
-1,607,446
-4,297,029
991,745
District of Columbia -250
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode bland
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL
7,474,607
-9,794,537
-189,132
-76,749
-11,918,658
4,095,218
-1,609,208
3,130,975
-2,919,271
-30,555,193
-1,933,781
4,257
-3,262,177
-13,220,929
9,039,825
2,496,422
-5,062,604
105,068
-1,999,855
-17,630
-1,136,527
-8,196,623
688,162
-14,940,678
-3,378,792
21,763
-5,594,602
-5,813,637
-1,379,106
-10,265,681
-2,070,469
-1,513,274
3,655,952
137.697
14,507,117
-8,748,900
8,817,558
-390,225
-331,390
-44,839,807
-417,992
-3,249,682
-5,575,754
815,430
-168,579,677
-0.17
-9.37
-5.93
-23.61
-11.99
-7.29
-13.92
-17.08
18.87
-100.00
14.80
-11.59
-21.64
-1.84
-11.19
3.76
-3.69
1232
-6.23
•19.55
-1138
0.02
-11.92
-12.63
17.26
4.33
-9.83
438
-12.02
-2.51
-9.45
-2133
32.24
-15.70
-3.63
1.83
•4.03
-1642
-6.87
-11.53
-1332
-20.07
5.65
551
10.51
-4.64
7.27
-25.68
-22.23
-36.72
-1.48
-9.32
-12.18
2855
-6.49
CHANGEIN CHANGED* CHANGEIN
SURFACE WATER LAND UNDERGROUND
1988-1989 1988-1989 1988-1989
Pounds Percent Pounds Percent Pounds Percent
451,812
1,158,111
0
-7,600
1,640,461
-176,883
33,352
-1.357,350
75392
-250
-351,214
2,660,833
-500
12,447
2,580,304
498,255
-175,453
-177,053
-925,733
-113,454,316
-67,569
-1,507,827
608,504
-500,493
-1,340,590
865,844
-678,921
-19,049
•43,758
900
-369,946
-554,185
-750
-347,967
210,456
-96
303,689
20,314
32,956
-2,078,321
-100,675
143,978
-204,719
6.43
27.12
—
-77.16
22.03
-1.63
3736
-2232
13.12
-100.00
-5.05
8545
-5.00
4.20
18.21
10.13
-12.66
-20.78
-54.50
•71.07
-15.80
-40.00
9051
-43.09
-48.68
37.77
-34.98
-15.25
-14.13
360.00
-70.74
-39.11
-100.00
-16.78
3033
-5.33
535
552
10.83
-47.70
-81.78
3736
-14.60
52,7152,196.46
-394,124
624,860
-106,881
23,405
-1,310
-8,776,774
2,051,727
-729,142
-248,722
40,123
-120,607,733
-6.24
1150
-30.85
20.70
-5240
-44.16
15.19
-23.05
-5046
9542
-38.96
575360 1251
8,695 59150
0 —
-21,345,325 -39.77
369394 19.05
-2,016,810 -2432
-1,904,549 -68.02
-1,348,116 -7952
-51,206 -3935
0 —
3,195,067 853
-6,392,854 -69.63
5,627 2.73
-1,292,702 -12.50
-1,090,788 -9.46
-12,538,462 -19.88
-482,937 -7557
-111,337 -2253
-4,868,229 -8858
1,118,073 45.71
-515,414 -5353
-720,734 -27.03
•838,493 -9139
4,866,831 2631
-519,461 -86X6
•446,014 -4.96
-11,935,187 -30.23
3537,502 10.75
45,595 7931
443501 24.09
-367,236 -8558
296,384 1032
2,743,187 9.70
-951,780 -3032
8525,448 5255
-1,300 -5054
-4,398 -0.01
-861,045 -48.04
905533 87.74
2,380,753 14.10
-65,865 -59.43
-115,048 -100.00
-252,949 -1947
252500.00
-2,877,639 -21.19
-32,677,071 -6055
645,521 434
15,862 65.17
-26,699 -19.02
-4,170,943 -82.34
•496,111 -54.25
9,287,8591,03731
-2,772,204 -39.96
-15,081,668 -98.74
-89,774,457 -16.80
-200,970 -1159
-18 -1.77
0 —
0 —
6,305,314 89.61
141,468 852
-1,000 -40.00
-250 -100.00
0 —
0 —
21,213,422 6132
-52,667 -8857
145,163 13.81
0 —
3,372,372 4554
-2,117,284 -6.08
250 —
843,455 053
8599,750 30.00
-137547,248 -3248
0 —
-2 -100.00
-4,000 -100.00
-2,698,934 -32.70
0 —
-3,503,563 -7.49
-750 -75.00
0 —
0 —
0 —
0 —
-2,500 -100.00
0 —
•1 -0.40
0 —
0 —
2,104,657 3.70
-212,704 -3.35
-1 -100.00
-231 -30.80
250 —
o
0 —
0 —
5,090,550 1030
-12,218,509 -8.34
0 —
0 —
0 —
-1,373 -100.00
0 —
0 —
0 0.00
-12,987,727 -4750
-153,333,081 -1149
CHANGEIN CHANGEIN CHANGE IN TOTAL
PUBLIC SEWAGE OFF-SITE RELEASES AND TRANS.
1988-1989 1988-1989 1988-1989
Pounds Percent Pounds Percent Pounds Percent
152,765
-250
0
-502347
-327,707
-2,779,722
-9,663
-676,467
501378
-250
-341,838
1,008,540
452300
1,427,449
-1,395,649
1,577,852
714,735
191,127
-275,963
-3,478,952
-1,479,726
-726,990
-4,732,829
-1,707,425
-1,115,103
-250,996
9512,121
28334
71,027
-5,675
227315
5,955,235
83331
-9,047,317
-1,350,578
14343
3,767,032
-147,890
369,447
1,190,159
-1,901,391
-517,209
1,156,928
-59,479
-3,627,776
-4,194,529
-156,236
4577
0
-3,008,823
-185,589
-114,877
•4,170,333
-10,100
-19,893,984
12.93
•25.00
—
-11.05
-2952
-5.59
-1.43
-2251
18.05
-100.00
•2.05
12.03
54.14
294.70
-2.33
1136
1132
5.66
-1159
-9831
-54.14
-1832
-2959
-10.25
-18.64
-1836
14.19
2,159.60
8.11
-27.95
4452
10.77
23045
-3637
-19.63
2733
1532
-28.77
533
7.81
-23.69
-26.69
4340
-37.91
-14.67
-10.36
-17.07
639
-7.98
-18.98
-3.25
-19.73
-9758
-3.48
3,135,672
4,000
0
-50,159
3,094,188
-21,105,566
^68,590
-3,432,686
-1,031,164
-250
3,011,945
-3,868,374
-1,324
255,616
470,131
-14,966,363
-3,032,771
5574,983
-7,957,483
-9,858,296
167554
-1,498,049
-3,211,338
-14,790,478
8,171,131
-3,495,161
-3,019,874
-32,304
496,050
-329,267
413348
•40,586,827
-30,646
-21,773,844
-5,048,568
-81,785
-8,323,364
-2,408,939
-2,367,074
-9,897,802
1544,984
-1,654,528
-447,778
87,543
-3,780,654
-2,210,902
336380
-57,978
0
-2,737,446
-3,282,873
-7,715,649
8,870,095
-103,165
-168,625,299
2032
22857
—
-2.75
38.82
-49.03
-9.01
-18*7
-3835
-100.00
22.68
-1332
-9.68
209.15
0.83
-2837
-38.83
1032
-24.14
•4458
12.85
-27.72
-14.14
-14.96
136.16
-4442
-21.08
•63.96
11.87
-51.50
1930
-58.46
-1231
-4537
-27.63
-52.00
-7.56
-2053
•4341
•1133
38.16
-3633
-3.55
1846
-1731
-2.53
1958
•8.99
-2050
-43.99
•4052
30.06
-85.56
-1559
3538,418 254
-848,609 -3.28
-1,750 -5.93
-25,807,046 -33.70
5309,441 731
-32320,556 -16.07
-3,957,896 -1948
-11,111,898 -2055
486,145 435
-1,000-100.00
34301,989 21.67
-16,439,059 -1234
412,034 13.78
326,061 2.12
-7,982,288 -3.12
-23,450,784 -8.42
-4,585,384 -7.68
9,452,150 538
-7,946,929 -6.66
-293.775,932 -3839
-3,828,536 -17.08
•4,449,345 -1330
-11,440,333 -1651
-28,051,428 -1130
14335,802 21.03
-4,333,468 -3.47
-11,185,215 -6.42
3,619,551 1030
-1,430,941 -6.49
91,829 2.87
-1,233,146 -7.89
-43,088,516 -25.74
3,483,184 1135
•47,061,587 -27.15
-642,034 -047
-47,075 -3.35
-7,746,986 -2.11
-9,423,901 -16.78
-2,438,245 -7.18
-18,671,123 -8.77
-2,193,166 -7.56
-3,656,081 -25.15
3507,434 4.72
218,501 657
8517,474 350
-89,425,051 -10.14
9536,342 6.84
•404,359 -17.03
-359,399 -22.00
-63,535,166 -3207
-2,330,838 -4.57
•2,521,491 -4.10
-3,896,918 -3.75
-27,327,107 -6032
-720,814,231 -1132
757
-------
Chapter 4
Millions of Pounds
n Decreases > 10
D Decreases between 1 and 10
US Increases or Decreases < 1
H Increases between 1 and 10
• Increases > 10
Map 4-1. Changes In TRI Total Releases and Transfers by State, 1988-1989.
Texas
Louisiana
Indian*
Michigan
Pennsylvania
California
Mlaaourl
Virginia
New York
New Jaraey
Georgia
Massachusetts
Arizona
Connecticut
Wyoming
•300
-250
-200 -150
Decrease in Million* of Pounds
-100
Figure 4-8. States with Decreases In TRI Total Releases and Transfers Greater than 10 Million Pounds, 1988-
1989. (States shown in descending order according to TRI total releases and transfers for 1989.)
158
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
The following sections detail the changes between 1988 and 1989 in each separate
type of TRI release or transfer: air emissions, discharges to surface water, on-site
land releases, underground injection, transfers to POTWs, and off-site transfers to
other waste management facilities for storage, treatment, or disposal.
AIR EMISSIONS
Total air emissions of TRI chemicals (excluding delisted chemicals) dropped 6
percent (168.6 million pounds) from 1988 to 1989. In both years, however, total air
emissions represented a similar share of the total TRI releases and transfers (40
percent in 1988 versus 43 percent in 1989). Point source air emissions (which made
up 70 percent of the total air emissions in 1988, and 69 percent in 1989) decreased
by a larger absolute amount than fugitive air emissions, with a reduction of 130.4
million pounds, as compared to a reduction of 38.2 million pounds for fugitive air
emissions. (See Table 4-2.)
The 168.6-million-pound net change in total air emissions from 1988 to 1989 was
the result of decreases totaling 559.9 million pounds, partially offset by increases
totaling 391.3 million pounds. The number of facilities showing increases in total
TRI air emissions (10,031) exceeded the number showing decreases (9,290);
however, more facilities showed decreases over 10 million pounds (70 facilities)
than increases of that magnitude (44 facilities). Of the facilities showing decreases
of 10 million pounds or more, 11 reported in 1988 but not in 1989. Furthermore, six
of the facilities showing increases of more than 10 million pounds reported in 1989
but not in 1988.
These net changes on a national level mask more drastic increases, decreases or
changes in the relative share of point source and fugitive air emissions at the
individual facility level. For example, total air emissions decreased by 25 percent at
BASF Corporation, Freeport, Texas, between 1988 and 1989, but the relative roles
of fugitive and point source emissions at the facility reversed, going from 12 percent
fugitive in 1988 to 72 percent fugitive in 1989. In absolute amounts, the fugitive
emissions increased and the point source emissions decreased, whereas in fact no
changes had been made in industrial processes. The change resulted from a different
basis of estimate in the two years. Although the total pounds for the two years are
both considered by the facility to be accurate on the basis of mass balance
information, the facility indicated that the breakdown between the two kinds of
releases is much more reliable for 1989 because of improved monitoring data.
Chemical Distribution
Total air emissions of 165 TRI chemicals decreased from 1988 to 1989. In 28 of
these cases, the decreases exceeded 1 million pounds each. Air emissions of five of
these chemicals each decreased by greater than 10 million pounds: ammonia (with
a decrease of 28.7 million pounds), carbon disulfide (24.1 million pounds), toluene
(23.7 million pounds), methanol (20.2 million pounds), and dichloromethane (18.3
Total TRI air omissions
decreased by 6% from 1988
to 1989.
Total air emissions of 28 TRI
chemicals decreased by
greater than 1 million
pounds each from 1988 to
1989...
159
-------
Chapter 4
Larg**t D*cr*ao«»
Larg«*r Incrwme
Map 4-2. The 50 Counties with the Largest Increases and the 50 Counties with the
Largest Decreases in TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989.
10 15 20 25
Increase in Millions of Pounds
30
35
Figure 4-9. States With Increases in TRI Total Releases and Transfers Greater than 1 Million Pounds,
1988-1989. (States shown in descending order according to TRI total releases and transfers for 1989.)
160
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Table 4-9. The 50 Counties with the Largest Decreases in TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989.
COUNTY
St Charles
St James
Jefferson
Warren
Union
Ascension
Gila
Lake
Wayne
Warren
Los Angeles
Sweetwater
Calhoun
El Paso
Laramie
Jefferson
Hopewell City
Escambia
Hutchinson
Alleghany
Galveston
Orange
Morehouse
Middlesex
Marshall
Decatur
Kalamazoo
Beaver
Stark
Monroe
Harrison
Kanawha
Chatham
Philadelphia
Oklahoma
Trumbull
Ellis
San Bernardino
St John the Baptist
Essex
Brown
Porter
StClair
Allegheny
Sauk
Grundy
Broome
Calcasieu
Mercer
Dallas
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
STATE
LA
LA
TX
VA
NT
LA
AZ
IN
MI
NY
CA
WY
TX
TX
WY
MO
VA
EL
TX
VA
TX
CA
LA
NJ
KY
GA
MI
PA
OH
NY
MS
WV
GA
PA
OK
OH
TX
CA
LA
MA
WI
IN
IL
PA
WI
n.
NY
LA
PA
TX
CHANGE IN TOTAL
RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
1988-1989
Pounds
-154,627,602
-110,482,596
-44,859,123
-39,081,438
-31,440,287
-25,015,359
-22,603,457
-20,604,059
-19,145,047
-18,574,109
-15,249,424
-14,962,235
-14,332,915
-14,163,985
-13,079,117
-11,805,576
-11,404,160
-10,928,565
-10,802,997
-10,581,221
-10,082,621
-9,273,706
-9,001,450
-8,768,342
-8,701,422
-8,591,538
-8,185,357
-7,295,716
-6,599,003
-6,475,865
-6,406,438
-5,668,670
-5,658,089
-5,598,314
-5,293,283
-5,283,623
-4592,481
-4,829,202
-4,738,543
-4,703,329
-4,486,393
-4399,815
-4,392,112
-4300,153
-3,998,851
-3,908,248
-3,899,892
-3,819,820
-3,813,047
-3,769,270
-790,677,865
69,863,634
-720,814,231
TOTAL RELEASES
TRI FACILITIES
AND TRANSFERS
1989
Pounds
19,297,526
26,425,108
111,046,679
254,620
16,479,619
141,752,206
30,235,704
72,486334
57,535,048
1,945,929
79,856,790
340,162
69,008,250
1,963,746
15349359
19346318
46,748,824
26,832,934
5,837,520
10331,994
52,783,494
18,016,156
50
27,995,872
9,925,508
522,106
26,739,280
7,730,271
13,599,122
23,870,007
42,896317
17,847,799
19,108,460
18,125,175
2,755,881
9,998,261
1,955,320
7,720,198
2,801,847
3,839,530
11,419,949
29,994,093
46,470,224
17,580310
239,408
2,884,420
6,833,563
29,985,409
4,668,869
7,783,447
1,219365,616
4,486304,764
5,705,670,380
1988
Pounds
173,925,128
136,907,704
155,905,802
39336,058
47,919,906
166,767,565
52,839,161
93,090393
76,680,095
20^20,038
95,106,214
15302397
83341,165
16,127,731
28,628,676
31,152,094
58,152,984
37,761,499
16,640317
20,913,215
62,866,115
27,289,862
9,001,500
36,764,214
18,626,930
9,113,644
34,924,637
15,025,987
20,198,125
30345,872
49302,755
23316,469
24,766349
23,723,489
8,049,164
15,281,884
6,947,801
12349,400
7340,390
8342,859
15,906342
34393,908
50,862336
21,880,463
4,238,259
6,792,668
10,733,455
33,805,229
8,481,916
11352,717
2,010,043,481
4,416,441,130
6,426,484,611
1989
Number
10
9
36
2
75
19
2
49
168
7
712
3
7
24
2
13
8
9
7
3
17
228
1
143
8
7
30
25
62
67
10
12
28
67
34
37
17
70
11
80
29
19
20
92
9
9
23
23
19
182
2344
20,025
22369
1988
Number
10
10
32
3
74
16
2
49
165
6
708
3
7
23
2
13
7
9
9
3
19
229
L 2
137
7
6
27
28
59
62
8
14
27
66
36
36
14
69
7
75
28
18
18
87
9
9
21
22
15
180
2,486
18,658
21,144
161
-------
Chapter 4
Table 4-10. The 50 Counties with the Largest Increases In TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989.
COUNTY
Folk
Jefferson
St Louis County & CHy(a)
McLcod
Brazoria
Onnge
Toocle
Hamblen
Waupaca
Beaufort
Brooke
Jefferson
Jefferson
Sedgwick
Defiance
Rock Island
Union
Washington
Douglas
Essex
Saginaw
Sullivan
Lewis and Clark
Lea
Tippecuioe
Mississippi
Salt Lake
Montgomery
Hamilton
Humphreys
Charleston
Lincoln
Huron
Elkhait
Monroe
Monroe
Garland
York
Richmond
Ontonagon
Angelina
Marshall
Fayctte
Cambria
Bradford
Washington
Ozaulcee
Chambers
Chester
New Hanover
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
STATE
FL
LA
MO
MN
TX
TX
UT
TN
WI
NC
WV
KY
OH
KS
OH
n.
AR
MN
IL
NT
MT
TN
MT
NM
IN
AR
UT
KS
OH
TN
SC
WI
OH
IN
MS
PA
AR
PA
GA
MI
TX
WV
IN
PA
PA
OH
WI
TX
PA
NC
CHANGE IN TOTAL
RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
1988-1989
Pounds
51,551,574
14,545,483
13,725,857
12,163,451
11,085,729
10,453347
9,707,335
9,514,971
8,894,327
8,232,028
7,105,210
6,680,267
6,230,187
5,504,137
5,364,070
5,165,776
5,155,232
4,616,164
3,877,187
3,856,890
3,843,678
3,780,075
3,640,618
3,575,627
3,289,253
3,045,603
2,989,176
2,800,036
2,740,767
2,607,434
2^50,543
2,538,380
2,513,791
2,489,587
2,236,281
2,212,986
2,195,311
2,192,772
2,106,060
2,095,804
2,017,341
1,928,404
1,922,850
1,921,473
1,918,828
1,819,246
1,815,083
1,804,789
1,798,419
1,797,640
277,617,077
-998,431,308
-720,814,231
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
1989 1988
Pounds Pounds
75,673,943
196,108,289
25,913,039
29,227,745
225,447,996
31,705,771
119,458,175
29,030,975
10,404,866
18,457,742
11,657,501
56,767,217
7,736,272
154,109,629
9,786,113
18,642,204
13,502,918
11,997,197
14334,723
30,108,232
11,715,235
49,181487
36,632,896
3481,750
13,923,178
20,214,418
21,660401
6364,427
31,855,876
62,226,193
8310,363
2,602,980
3349,573
9,894,838
9,915,260
3,975,673
10,920,736
7,039,531
9377,408
16^60,408
4,179,156
5441,094
2,786,425
3,011,988
11408,130
24,285,756
6473,488
4,237,655
6412,632
14,682,619
1412,692,321
4,192,978,059
5,705,670,380
24,122369
181,562,806
12,187,182
17,064,294
214,362,267
21,252,424
109,750,840
19416,004
1410,539
10,225,714
4452,291
50,086,950
1406,085
148,605,492
4,422,043
13,476,428
8347,686
7381,033
10,457436
26,251342
7,871,557
45,401412
32,992,278
6,123
10,633,925
17,168,815
18,671325
3464,391
29,115,109
59,618,759
5,759,820
64,600
835,782
7,405,251
7,678,979
1,762,687
8,725,425
4,846,759
7,271,348
14,464,604
2,161,815
3,612,690
863475
1,090,515
9489,302
22,466410
4,758,405
2,432,866
4,714,213
12,884,979
1,235,075,244
5,191,409,367
6,426,484,611
TRI FACILITIES
1989 1988
Number Number
55
24
92
8
21
14
4
22
8
7
9
69
6
43
7
20
14
5
3
99
12
14
4
2
19
16
49
8
140
4
19
5
11
79
7
8
8
59
30
2
12
6
5
13
6
13
9
2
41
13
1,146
21,423
22469
50
25
55
8
22
13
3
20
9
7
9
60
6
38
7
17
12
5
2
100
10
14
4
1
19
15
49
8
136
5
17
3
9
60
5
9
7
52
26
2
15
4
5
9
5
14
10
2
39
12
1,034
20,110
21,144
(a) Some facilities fn this area reported being located in St. Louis County in one year but St. Louis City (as the county designation) in
another year. Therefore, comparison was made for all facilities in the area.
262
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Industry (SIC Coda)
Chemical* (28)
Primary Metal* (33)
Multiple code* 20-39
Paper (26)
Transportation (37)
Fabr. Metal* (34)
Electrical (36)
Petroleum (29)
Machinery (35)
Measure./Photo. (38)
Food (20)
Furniture (25)
Printing (27)
Stone/Clay (32)
Textile* (22)
Lumber (24)
Leather (31)
No code* 20-39
•300
-250
-150 -100
Change In Millions of Pounds
Figure 4-10. Industries with Changes in TRI Total Releases and Transfers Greater than 1 Million Pounds,
1988-1989. (Industries shown in descending order according to TRI total releases and transfers for 1989.)
million pounds). Despite these significant decreases, toluene and methanol were the
first- and third-ranked TRI chemicals for total air emissions in 1989 (ammonia was
ranked second). (See Figure 4-11 and Table 4-12.)
The 24.1-million-pound decrease in carbon disulfide air emissions resulted largely
from the late 1988 closing of Avtex Fibers Front Royal Inc., a Chemical plant (SIC
28) formerly in Front Royal, Virginia. This facility reported 34.0 million pounds of
carbon disulfide air emissions in 1988 and did not report in 1989. (See Appendix F
Table F-8.)
Total air emissions from 1988 to 1989 increased for 95 TRI chemicals, but only nine
of these chemicals showed increases in air emissions greater than 1 million pounds
each. (Four TRI chemicals showed no change in air emissions between 1988 and
1989. An additional 56 TRI chemicals were not associated with air releases in either
year because no TRI reports were filed or because no ah- emissions were reported.)
Sulfuric acid topped this list, with an increase of 7.4 million pounds (from 16.9
million pounds in 1988 to 24.3 million pounds in 1989), followed by cyclohexane,
which was associated with a 4.1-million-pound increase in air emissions. (See
Figure 4-12 and Table 4-12.)
...while total air emissions of
only 9 TRI chemicals
increased by greater than 1
million pounds each.
163
-------
Chapter 4
Air emissions of 3 chemical
classes each decreased by
more than 37 million pounds
from 1988 to 1989.
Chemical Classes
Air emissions of four of the five chemical classes decreased from 1988 to 1989.
(Mixtures and trade secrets cannot be assigned to specific chemical classes; see
Chapter 3 for an explanation of chemical classes and Appendix B for a complete list
of TRI chemicals, with their classes indicated.) Three of these class-wide decreases
exceeded 37 million pounds each: those of the non-halogenated organics (with an
89.2-million-pound or 6-percent reduction), halogenated organics (45.4 million
pounds, 9 percent) and non-metallic inorganics (37.4 million pounds, 9 percent).
Despite these changes, each chemical class comprised a remarkably similar share of
the total air emissions in both 1988 and 1989, with non-halogenated organics,
halogenated organics and non-metallic inorganics accounting for 59 percent, 20
percent, and 16 percent, respectively, of the overall air total in both years. (See
Figure 4-13 and Table 4-4.)
The changes in air emissions of a few individual chemicals heavily influenced the
changes in each chemical class from 1988 to 1989. For example, the combined
decrease in ah- emissions of three non-halogenated organics—carbon disulfide,
toluene, and methanol—totaled 67.9 million pounds (out of a net decrease in air
emissions for the non-halogenated organics class of 89.2 million pounds). (See
Figure 4-13 and Table 4-4.)
Table 4-11. Changes In TRI Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1988-1989.
SIC INDUSTRY
CODE
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Mcasure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20
No codes 20-39
CHANGE IN
AIR
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-1,914,336
458,585
-6,232,524
252,026
4,167,837
-2,975,143
-20,189,760
-5,412,326
-98,682,682
-2,821,627
1,429,345
-1,904,081
-3,244,334
348,064
3,144,581
-3,145,121
-24,103,739
-12^36,396
-4,281,945
-4,382,374
13,394,211
52,062
-9.23
49.57
-17.03
22.86
14.05
-4.69
-9.43
-8.91
-11.72
-5.07
0.87
-13.32
-12.57
0.15
2.51
-5.49
-20.21
-5.97
-8.34
-14.83
5.92
0.45
CHANGE IN
SURFACE WATER
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-605,609
32,042
-52,864
0
556,534
-291
4,273,785
-27,376
-121,667,588
539,998
68,628
-452,381
-293,544
-1,879,958
-1,211,966
-76,805
-100,605
-240,658
-257,176
-19,421
934,800
-127,278
-17.72
245.53
-5.04
0.00
552.01
-13.78
11.28
-85.31
-52.65
16.72
10.88
-66.45
-29.61
-10.63
-79.93
-16.21
-13.08
-65.06
-37.50
-35.95
10.88
-43.31
CHANGE IN
LAND
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
1,020,263
761
-150,442
-40,349
59,716
-55,315
-543,520
-40,502
-23,161,998
-142,568
64,784
-96,032
-482,326
-49,475,671
-3,184,709
92,876
-77,763
-1,062,034
-391,680
-217,647
-9,381,361
-2,508,940
30.70
101.47
-76.58
-98.78
112.82
-73.82
-5.18
-97.44
-17.82
-5.64
36.84
-27.19
-15.85
-17.14
-74.56
43.10
-5.31
-85.80
-79.81
-79.62
-11.03
-98.30
CHANGE IN
UNDERGROUND
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-2,418,943
0
0
0
0
0
1
-40,000
2,181,978
4,629,446
12,296
0
-9,750
-4,030,690
-151,427
250
4,690
-81,600
-250
-1
-153,428,269
-812
-68.63
—
—
—
—
—
—
-100.00
0.20
22.60
409.32
—
-0.15
-9.85
-30.90
—
10.73
-98.79
-100.00
-100.00
-88.86
-100.00
TOTAL
-168,579,677 -6.49
-120,607,733 -38.96 -89,774,457 -16.80 -153,333,081 -11.49
164
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Air emissions of only two metals and metal compounds changed (either increasedor
decreased) from 1988 to 1989 by more than 1 million pounds each: zinc compounds,
with a decrease of 2.5 million pounds, and manganese, with an increase of 1.2
million pounds. The class as a whole registered a decrease in air emissions of
890,000 pounds from 1988 to 1989.
Total air emissions of mineral acids/salts increased by 876,000 pounds as combined
increases in air emissions of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid totaling 9.0 million
pounds offset decreases in air emissions of nitric acid and hydrogen fluoride of 5.8
million pounds and 2.1 million pounds, respectively.
Carcinogens
Total air emissions of TRI carcinogens decreased by 28.8 million pounds from 1988
to 1989. This 10 percent reduction exceeded the rate of decrease in air emissions
seen for all TRI chemicals (6 percent). Between 1988 and 1989, air emissions of 48
of the 123 TRI carcinogens decreased, 32 increased, and one remained the same.
(No air emissions for 42 carcinogens were reported in either year.) (Chapter 3, Box
3-G, defines TRI carcinogens, and Appendix B lists all TRI chemicals, indicating
those which are considered carcinogens.)
Air emissions of metals and
metal compounds de-
creased by less than 1
million pounds...
...while air emissions of
mineral acids/salts In-
creased by less than 1
million pounds.
Total TRI air emissions of
carcinogens decreased by
10% from 1988 to 1989.
Table 4-11, continued..
INDUSTRY
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20
No codes 20-39
CHANGE IN
PUBLIC SEWAGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
248,693
-775,382
-3,760,969
-28,940
-142,553
196,679
-784,361
-2,716,843
17,427,038
-1,294,705
430,355
-533,598
-352,505
-6,135,207
-9,070,717
-136,229
-4,669,215
164,640
-2,387,038
13,503
-5,129,745
-456,885
0.67
-97.91
-25.54
-6.16
-66.92
47.67
-1.68
-78.41
5.28
-9.60
8.77
-5.46
-26.21
-28.66
-51.87
-4.57
-24.67
2.15
-44.03
2.98
-16.55
-20.32
CHANGE IN CHANGES IN TOTAL
OFF-SITE RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
1988-1989 1988-1989
Pounds Percent Pounds Percent
-3,188,663
-274,246
505,410
85,056
-1,507,192
-1,592,962
-10,656,857
-2,003,664
-68,764,401
-2,799,902
-1,969,917
482,587
-8,767,893
-41,655,528
-4,868,690
-3,055,501
-8,677,769
-15,912,611
-451,197
4,027,380
831,488
1,589,773
-49.55
-87.62
15.79
47.87
-32.29
-27.20
-33.51
-29.36
-16.52
-28.97
-7.95
21.28
-38.35
-16.35
-6.59
-15.08
-20.23
-28.60
-2.33
44.12
1.25
39.29
-6,858,595
-558,240
-9,691,389
' 267,793
3,134,342
-4,427,032
-27,900,712
-10,240,711
-292,667,653
-1,889,358
35,491
-2,503,505
-13,150,352
-102,828,990
-15,342,928
-6,320,530
-37,624,401
-29,668,659
-7,769,286
-578,560
-152,778,876
-1,452,080
-9.19
-27.31
-17.38
14.95
9.04
-6.34
-8.18
-14.39
-9.63
-1.80
0.02
-9.15
-21.69
-11.96
-6.89
-7.78
-20.52
-10.79
-10.05
-1.47
-25.89
-7.02
TOTAL
-19,893,984
-3.48
-168,625,299 -15.59
-720,814,231 -11.22
765
-------
Chapter 4
Toluene
Ammonta
Mathmol
Acetone
1,1,1-TrIchloroaUwna
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dlch lor ocne thane
Carbon dtaiHIde
Freon113
Trlchloroethyfene
Tetrachtofoothylono
Benzene
Hydrogen fluoride
Chloromethane
Chlorine dioxide
Nitric acid
Zinc compound*
2-Mathoxye
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Table 4-12. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Total Air Emissions Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
Ammonia
Carbon disulfide
Toluene
Methanol
Dichloromethane
Chlorine dioxide
Trichloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
Nitric acid
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Freon 113
2-Methoxyethanol
Benzene
Acetone
Zinc compounds
Chloromethane
Hydrogen fluoride
Methyl ethyl ketone
Caibonyl sulfide
Ethylene oxide
Naphthalene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Propylene oxide
Chlorine
Styrene
Ethylene
1,3-Butadiene
p-Xylene
Acetaldehyde
Manganese
Chloroform
Ethylbenzene
Hydrochloric acid
Total for Mixtures
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.- strong acid process)
Cyclohexane
Sulfuric acid
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
AIR
1989
Pounds
244,505,074
99,794,948
255,437,878
199,729,091
109,272,003
6,991,386
44,325,687
25,504,477
5,261,804
168,617,910
63,232,772
2,684,683
24,683,026
199,209,247
4,681,892
8,874,868
9,980,154
127,631,835
17,989,672
3,022,203
3,313,367
147,486,804
1,794,137
132,348,111
33,301,802
41,382,226
5,537,449
4,720,073
7,524,224
2,733,568
24,268,093
8,540,486
60,742,485
5,573,823
5,585,904
16,919,721
24,255,588
2,147,458,471
279,603,435
2,427,061,906
AIR
1988
Pounds
273,248,627
123,893,367
279,098,033
219,902,305
127,592,367
14,429,737
51,422,615
32,341,862
11,039,482
173,827,947
67,426,079
5,892,813
27,879,946
201,804,056
7,148,533
11,099,002
12,109,097
129,633,557
19,685,072
4,634,490
4,899,997
148,959^42
3,058,010
133,483,355
34,412,274
42,485,343
6,620,539
5,730,802
6,468,299
1,499,243
22,990,906
6,966,052
59,157,413
2,159,061
1,912,044
12,862,102
16,858,801
2,304,632,570
291,009,013
2,595,641,583
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-28,743,553
-24,098,419
-23,660,155
-20,173,214
-18^20,364
-7,438,351
-7,096,928
-6,837,385
-5,777,678
-5,210,037
-4,193,307
-3,208,130
-3,196,920
-2,594,809
-2,466,641
-2,224,134
-2,128,943
-2,001,722
-1,695,400
-1,612,287
-1,586,630
-1,472,538
-1,263,873
-1,135,244
-1,110,472
-1,103,117
-1,083,090
-1,010,729
1,055,925
1,234,325
1,277,187
1,574,434
1,585,072
3,414,762
3,673,860
4,057,619
7,396,787
-157,174,099
-11,405,578
-168,579,677
-10.52
-19.45
-8.48
-9.17
-14.36
-51.55
-13.80
-21.14
-52.34
-3.00
-6.22
-54.44
-11.47
-1.29
-34.51
-20.04
-17.58
-1.54
-8.61
-34.79
-32.38
-0.99
-41.33
-0.85
-3.23
-2.60
-16.36
-17.64
16.32
82.33
5.56
22.60
2.68
158.16
192.14
31.55
43.87
-6.82
-3.92
-6.49
167
-------
Chapter 4
Hydrochloric acid
Chloroform
Sulfurlc acid
Cyclohoxano
Ethylbenzona
Acetaldehydo
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg-
strong acid process)
Total for Mixtures
Manganese
345
Increase In Millions of Pounds
Figure 4-12. TRI Chemicals with Increases in Emissions to Air Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989.
(Chemicals shown in descending order according to 1989 air emission totals.)
Mineral Acids/Salts
Metals
-80 -70
•60 -50 -40 -30 -20
Change in Millions of Pounds
-10
10
Figure 4-13. Changes In TRI Air Emissions by Chemical Class, 1988-1989. (Classes shown in descending order
according to 1989 air emission totals.)
168
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous years
1988 to 1989—a decrease of 44.8 million pounds (37 percent), a substantial portion
of which was due to the shutdown of the Avtex Fibers facility in Front Royal (see
discussion above.) (See Map 4-3; Table 4-8; and Appendix F, Table F-8.)
Facilities in Louisiana, the second-ranked state for total TRI releases and transfers
in 1989, were associated with the next largest state-wide decrease in TRI air
emissions—a 31.0-million-pound decrease, while New York showed a net decrease
in air emissions of 14.9 million pounds. The two facilities in New York reporting the
largest decreases in air emissions were Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester and
IBM in Endicott, which reported decreases in air emissions of 4.8 million pounds
and 3.5 million pounds, respectively. Three additional states showed decreases in
total air emissions from 1988 to 1989 larger than ten million pounds each: Michigan
(13.2 million pounds or 13 percent), Illinois (11.9 million pounds or 11 percent) and
Pennsylvania (10.3 million pounds or 12 percent). (See Figure 4-15; Map 4-3; Table
4-8; and Appendix F, Table F-8.)
Tennessee was associated with the largest state-wide increase in total air emissions
from 1988 to 1989—14.5 million pounds (an increase from 138.0 million pounds in
1988 to 152.5 million pounds in 1989). Total TRI air emissions also increased
significantly in Minnesota (an increase of 9.0 million pounds, 17 percent), Utah (8.8
million pounds, 7 percent), and Florida (7.5 million pounds, 15 percent), while
Indiana, South Carolina, Kansas and Mississippi were also associated with increases
in total air emissions greater than 2 million pounds each. (See Map 4-3 and Table 4-
8.)
For each of the four states with the largest net increases in air emissions from 1988
to 1989, an individual facility reported a change in air emissions which substantially
contributed to the state-wide change: 3M Consumer AV & Consumer Products in
Hutchinson, Minnesota (9.4-million-pound increase in air emissions); Magnesium
Corporation of America in Tooele, Utah (9.3-million-pound increase); BASF
Corporation in Lowland, Tennessee (8.4-million-pound increase); and Royster Co.
in Mulberry, Florida (6.4-million-pound increase). (See Figure 4-16; and Appendix
F, Table F-8.)
Industrial Distribution
In 1989, for the second year in a row, facilities in the Chemical industry contributed
the largest share of TRI total air emissions—31 percent (as compared to 32 percent
for 1988), even though this industry was associated with the largest net decrease in
air emissions from 1988 to 1989. This decrease of 98.7 million pounds (12 percent)
surpassed the next highest decrease reported by an individual industry (the Electri-
cal industry) by a factor of four. Ten of the top 20 decreasing facilities (for air
emissions from 1988 to 1989) were members of the Chemical industry in 1988. (See
Figure 4-17; Table 4-11; and Appendix F, Table F-8.)
Tennessee showed the
largest state-wide increase
in total air emissions
between 1988 and 1989.
The Chemical Industry was
associated with the largest
decrease in total TRI air
emissions between 1988 and
1989...
169
-------
Chapter 4
Dlchloromethane
Styrane
Telrachloroethylene
Benzene
Chloroform
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg-
slrong acid process)
1,3-ButadIene
Ethylene oxide
Propylene oxide
-15
-10 -5
Change In Millions of Pounds
Rgure 4-14. TRI Carcinogens with Changes In Air Emissions Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989.
(Carcinogens shown In descending order according to 1989 air emission totals.)
...and the Electrical Industry
lowered such releases by
the 2nd-Iarge3t amount.
8 Industries were associated
with Increases In total TRI
air emissions from 1988 to
1989.
The highest percentage decrease, 20 percent, was associated with facilities in the
Electrical industry, which collectively lowered air emissions by 24.1 million pounds
from 1988 to 1989 (to 95.2 million pounds in 1989). This was also the second largest
industry-wide decrease in air emissions from 1988 to 1989.
Both the Paper industry and the Transportation industry reduced their air emissions
by greater than 10 million pounds between 1988 and 1989. Three Paper facilities
were among the top 20 facilities for largest decreases in total air emissions from
1988 and 1989: American Tape Company in Marysville, Michigan (which reported
3.1 million pounds of air emissions in 1988 and did not report in 1989); Temple-
Inland Incorporated in Evadale, Texas (which was associated with a 2.4-million-
pound decrease in total air emissions); and International Paper in Selma, Alabama
(which was associated with a decrease in total air emissions of 2.1 million pounds).
An additional ten industries reduced air emissions by greater than 1 million pounds
each. (See Figure 4-17; Table 4-11; and Appendix F, Table F-8.)
Facilities in eight industries were associated with increases in air emissions from
1988 to 1989. Diversified facilities reporting multiple SIC codes were associated
with a net increase of 13.4 million pounds (6 percent), the largest absolute increase
recorded for any industry or industrial category between 1988 and 1989. Three
Multiple SIC Code facilities reported far more air emissions in 1989 than in 1988:
3M Consumer AV & Consumer Products in Hutchinson, Minnesota (with a 9.4-
170
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Table 4-13. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Total Air Emissions Greater than 100,000 Pounds, 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
Dichloromethane
Tetrachloroethylene .
Benzene
Ethylene oxide
Propylene oxide
Styrene
1,3-Butadiene
1,2-Dichloroethane
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
Carbon tetrachloride
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
Lead
Vinyl chloride
2-Nitropropane
Urethane
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
Aciylonitrile
1,4-Dioxane
Chromium
Nickel
Formaldehyde
Chloroform
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.- strong acid process)
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL TRI CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL TRI CHEMICALS
AIR
1989
Pounds
109,272,003
25,504,477
24,683,026
3,022,203
1,794,137
33,301,802
3,537,449
4,110,042
49,891
3367,248
1,587,229
862,031
1,268,887
223,222
3,450
122,503
4383,748
779,892
941,526
911,327
12,556,026
24,268,093
5^85,904
264,138,116
266,593,331
2,427,061,906
AIR
1988
Pounds
127,592^67
32341,862
27,879,946
4,634,490
3,058,010
34,412,274
6,620,539
4,570,925
491,469
3,711,371
1,862,869
1,044,904
1,436,427
387,119
145373
230,001
4,196,887
585,712
445,518
317,749
11,879,491
22,990,906
1,912,044
292,748,253
295,430,768
2,595,641,583
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-18320,364
-6,837,385
-3,196,920
-1,612,287
-1,263,873
-1,110,472
-1,083,090
-460,883
-441,578
-344,123
-275,640
-182,873
-167,540
-161,897
-141,923
-107,498
186,861
194,180
496,008
593,578
676,535
1,277,187
3,673,860
-28,610,137
-28,837,437
-168,579,677
-1436
-21.14
-11.47
-34.79
-41.33
-3.23
-16.36
-10.08
-89.85
-9.27
-14.80
-17.50
-11.66
-41.82
-97.63
-46.74
4.45
33.15
111.33
186.81
5.69
5.56
192.14
-9.77
-9.76
-6.49
million-pound increase in total air emissions); Brunswick Defense in Willard, Ohio
(which did not report in 1988 but had 2.4 million pounds of air emissions in 1989);
and Elkem Metals Company in Marietta, Ohio (with a 2.3-fnillion-pound increase in
total air emissions). The Lumber industry and the Fabricated Metals industry were
associated with the next two highest absolute increases in total air emissions from
1988 to 1989—4.2 million pounds (an increase of 14 percent) and 3.1 million
pounds (an increase of 3 percent), respectively. (See Figure 4-17; Table 4-11; and
Appendix F, Table F-8.)
DISCHARGES TO SURFACE WATER
Discharges to surface water of TRI chemicals (excluding delisted chemicals)
declined by 39 percent (120.6 million pounds) from 1988 to 1989, by far the largest
percentage decrease for any mode of TRI release or transfer. In 1989, surface water
discharges comprised a slightly lower percentage of the total TRI releases and
transfers than in the previous year (3 percent as compared to 5 percent in 1988). (See
Table 4-2.)
Discharges to surface water
of TRI chemicals decreased
by 39% from 1988 to 1989.
171
-------
Chapter 4
Taxas
Tannassa*
Ohio
Utah
Louisiana
Illinois
Mchlgan
California
NawYoric
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Georgia
Mnmaota
Florida
Maaouri
Arkansas
Wisconsin
NawJorssy
Oklahoma
-40
-30
-20 -10
Change In Millions of Pounds
10
20
Figure 4-15. States with Changes in TRI Air Emisssions Greater than 5 Million Pounds,
1988-1989. (States shown in descending order according to 1989 air emission totals.)
Millions of pounds
[H Increases or Decreases < 1
D Decreases > 10 jg increases between 1 and 10
D Decreases between 1 and 10 | Increases > 10
Map 4-3. Changes In TRI Total Air Emissions by State, 1988-1989.
172
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Facility Name
Magm*lum Corp. of America
(UT)
3M Consumer AV & Consumer
Product* (MM)
Triad Chemical (L*M»)
BASF Corp. (TN)
Eastman Kodak Co. (NY)
Union Carbide Chemicals (TX)
RoysterCo. (FL)
The Upjohn Co. (MIKb)
BP Chemicals Inc. (OH)
Avtex Fibers Front Royal Inc.
(VA)
-30
•25
-20 -15 -10 -5
Change In Millions of Pounds
10
a) Triad Chemical has submitted a revision to TRI of their 1988 releases and transfers. While the revision had been entered into the
version (April 19,1991) of the TRI database used in this report, the original submission had not been removed at that time. The
evised amount for this facility's total 1988 air emissions is 26,689,860 pounds. Therefore, the change in total air emissions between
988 and 1989 for this facility becomes a decrease of 1,409,975 pounds.
(b) The Upjohn Co. has submitted a revision to TRI of their 1988 releases and transfers. While the revision had been entered into the
version (April 19,1991) of the TRI database used in this report, the original submission had not been removed at that time The
revised amount for this facility's 1988 total air emissions is 7,427,500 pounds. The change in total air emissions between 1988 and
1989 for this facility becomes a decrease of 548,680 pounds.
Figure 4-16. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Air Emissions, 1988-1989. (Facilities reporting the five
greatest increases and five greatest decreases for total air emissions, shown in descending order according to 1989
air emission totals.)
The 120.6-million-pound net decrease in TRI surface water discharges was the
result of 152.2 million pounds of decreases, partially offset by 31.6 million pounds
of increases. The number of facilities showing decreases for surface water dis-
charges (1,309) exceeded the number reporting increases (1,136). The number of
facilities showing decreases in surface water discharges in excess of 10 million
pounds (seven facilities) slightly exceeded those showing increases of that magni-
tude (five facilities). The two largest decreasing facilities for surface water dis-
charges together reported 96.0 million pounds less surface water discharges in 1989
than in 1988, compared to a total of only 4.8 million pounds of increases shown by
the top two facilities with increased water discharges. The influence of these
facilities upon changes in TRI for surface water discharges can be demonstrated by
the fact if that the top five facilities reporting decreases in TRI surface water
discharges were removed from the TRI database, the net change in surface water
discharges would be an increase.
173
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Chapter 4
Industry (SIC Cod*)
Chemicals (28)
Multiple Codes 20-39
Transportation (37)
Paper (26)
Plastics (30)
Fabr. Metals (34)
Electrical (36)
Furniture (25)
Printing (27)
Machinery (35)
Petroleum (29)
Measure./Photo. (38)
Lumber (24)
Textiles (22)
Miscellaneous (39)
Stone/Clay (32)
Food (20)
Leather (31)
^^ni
HHBI
.
.
BHlH»
•
•I
•
•
n
HJ
•J
n
i
i
mm*
:
i
•
.
.
.
.
.
.
•
.
.
.
.
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20
Change In Millions of Pound*
Figure 4-17. Industries with Changes In TRI Air Emissions Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989.
(Industries shown in descending order according to 1989 air emission totals.)
Phosphoric acid was
associated with the largest
decrease In TRI surface
water discharges from 1988
to 1989.
Chemical Distribution
Of the 300 TEH chemicals and 20 chemical categories analyzed in this report,
surface water discharge amounts decreased for 123 TRI chemicals, increased for 90,
and stayed the same for seven between 1988 and 1989. (An additional 100 TRI
chemicals were not associated with surface water discharges in either year, either
because no TRI reports were filed or because no surface water discharges were
reported.)
Surface water discharges decreased by greater than 1 million pounds each for only
four TRI chemicals: phosphoric acid (a decrease of 95.5 million pounds), sulfuric
acid (a decrease of 16.4 million pounds), chlorine (a decrease of 4.3 million pounds),
and ammonium sulfate (solution) (a decrease of 2.3 million pounds). No TRI
chemicals were associated with a net increase in surface water discharges larger than
1 million pounds. In the case of phosphoric acid, the discharges to surface waiter
were cut by 78 percent. Two Agrico Chemical Company (a division of Freeport
McMoran Inc.) facilities in Louisiana were responsible for a large portion of the
decrease in reported amounts of phosphoric acid. Despite this significant decrease,
phosphoric acid was the TRI chemical discharged to surface water in the second-
largest amount in 1989. Large percentage reductions in surface water discharges
were also recorded for sulfuric acid and chlorine—45 and 64 percent, respectively.
(See Figures 4-18 and 4-19; Table 4-14; and Appendix F, Table F-9.)
174
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Surface water discharges of ammonium sulfate (solution), the top-ranked chemical
in 1989 for discharges to surface water, decreased by the fourth largest amount (2.3
million pounds), but by only 3 percent. As in other cases, this net overall change
does not necessarily show variations at individual facilities. Because of the preva-
lence of this chemical in reports of surface water discharges, this overall change is
the net result of many off-setting increases and decreases. The Allied Signal plant
in Hopewell, Virginia, showed a decrease in surface water discharges of ammonium
sulfate (solution) of 9 million pounds between 1988 and 1989, or almost four times
as much as the net decrease for all facilities. On the other hand, the 3M facility in
Cordova, Illinois, increased its surface water discharges of ammonium sulfate
.(solution) from 11.8 million pounds in 1988 to 14.6 million pounds in 1989. This
2.8-million-pound increase in surface water discharges of ammonium sulfate
(solution) for a single facility exceeded the amount of the net decrease in surface
water discharges of this chemical for all facilities. (See Table 4-14; and Appendix F,
Table F-9.)
Surface water discharges for an additional three chemicals each declined by more
than 500,000 pounds from 1988 to 1989. For one of these chemicals—zinc (fume or
dust)—1988 surface water discharges were cut by 84 percent. (See Table 4-14.)
Net increases in surface water discharges of TRI chemicals from all facilities
combined were less than 800,000 pounds per chemical. Reported discharges of n-
butyl alcohol went up 770,000 pounds (511 percent), the largest absolute amount.
Methanol and ammonium nitrate (solution) discharges increased by the next highest
absolute amounts—419,000 pounds and 417,000 pounds, respectively—bringing
the 1989 surface water total up to 17.1 million pounds for methanol and 8.9 million
pounds for ammonium nitrate (solution). (See Table 4-14.)
Chemical Classes
While discharges to surface water decreased for three of the five TRI chemical
classes, one chemical class, mineral acids/salts, had the most influence upon the
overall change for such releases. The largest share of mineral acids/salts reductions
was in discharges of phosphoric acid (see discussion above), and, to a lesser extent,
in those of sulfuric acid. Overall, surface water discharges of mineral acids/salts
were cut almost in half, dropping from 244.6 million pounds in 1988 to 129.0
million pounds in 1989, enough to lower the contribution of this class from 79 to 68
percent of the surface water total. The non-halogenated organics and non-metallic
inorganics classes each comprised a larger share of the overall surface water totals
in 1989 (15 percent as compared to 9 percent in 1988 for non-halogenated organics,
and 14 percent as compared to 10 percent in 1988 for non-metallic inorganics). (See
Figure 4-20 and Table 4-4.)
All net increases In surface
water discharges of TRI
chemicals were smaller than
1 million pounds each.
The mineral acids/salts
chemical class heavily
influenced the overall
change for surface water
discharges from 1988 to
1989.
175
-------
Chapter 4
Ammonium sulfate
(solution)
Phosphoric acid
Sulfurlc acid
Chlorine
-100 -80 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20
Change in Millions of Pounds
•10
Figure 4-18. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Discharges to Surface Water Greater than 1 Million Pounds,
1988-1989. (Chemicals shown in descending order according to 1989 total surface water discharges.)
Facility Name
Arcadian Corp. (LA)
3M (IL)
Freaport McMoran (LA)(a)
Allied Signal (VA)
Weyorhaousor Co. (WA)
US Vanadium Corp. (AR)
Tennessee Eastman Co.
fTM)
DSM Chemicals Augusta
Inc. (QA)
Freeport McMoran (LA)(b)
PPQ Industries Inc. (LA)
•40
-30 -20 -10
Change In Millions of Pounds
10
(a) Agrico Chemical Division, in Uncle Sam, LA.
(b) Agrico Chemical Division, in Donaldsonville, LA.
Figure 4-19. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Discharges to Surface Water, 1988-1989. (Facilities
reporting the five greatest increases and five greatest decreases for total surface water discharges, shown in
descending order according to 1989 surface water totals.)
176
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Table 4-14. TRI Chemicals with Changes In Discharges to Surface Water Greater Than 100,000 Pounds, 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
Phosphoric acid
Sulfuric acid
Chlorine
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Zinc (fume or dust)
Nitric acid
Methyl isobutyl ketbne
1,3-Butadiene
Zinc compounds
Formaldehyde
Manganese
Hydrogen fluoride
Dichloromethane
4,4'-lsopropylidenediphenol
sec-Butyl alcohol
Acetone
Propylene oxide
Benzene
Naphthalene
Manganese compounds
Diethanolamine
Chromium compounds
1,2-Dichloroethane
tert-Butyl alcohol
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Methanol
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
SURFACE SURFACE
WATER WATER
1989 1988
Pounds Pounds
27,166,278
20,296,873
2398,641
68,588,044
3,061,500
134,450
796,450
445,538
143,434
867,070
838,689
148,175
79368
226,216
2,629
6,411
1,020,255
8,091
168,904
146,486
826,517
578,925
475,846
222,814
221,906
8,853,607
17,058,674
920,129
155,701,920
33,251,964
188,953,884
122,650,414
36,746,708
6,659,900
70,933,465
3,947,399
849,294
1,472,340
762,108
412304
1,051,933
1,010,336
319,188
204,828
347494
121,172
122,291
1,134,507
112303
47,239
22373
681,638
433,603
319,833
41,017
14,989
8,436,348
16,640,067
150,610
275,646,201
33,915,416
309,561,617
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-95,484,136
-16,449,835
-4,261,259
-2345,421
-885,899
-714,844
-675,890
-316370
-269,070
-184,863
-171,647
-171,013
-125,460
-121378
-118343
-115,880
-114,252
-104,412
121,665
124,113
144,879
145322
156,013
181,797
206,917
417,259
418,607
769319
-119,944,281
-663,452
-120,607,733
-77.85
-44.77
-63.98
-3.31
-22.44
-84.17
-45.91
-4134
-65.23
-1737
-16.99
-53.58
-61.25
-34.92
-97.83
-94.76
-10.07
-92.81
257 .55
554.74
21.25
33.51
48.78
443.22
1380.46
4.95
2.52
510.93
-43.51
-1.96
-38.96
Surface water discharges of the non-metallic inorganics decreased by the next
largest amount, dropping from 31.0 million pounds in 1988 to 26.7 million pounds
in 1989 (a 14 percent reduction). Decreases in chlorine surface water discharges
totaling 4.3 million pounds (a 64 percent decrease) were behind most of the overall
decrease in surface water discharges for this class. PPG Industries, Inc. (Westlake,
Louisiana) reported 3.2 million pounds less surface water discharges of chlorine in
1989 than in 1988 as the result of the first full year's operation of a new chlorine
removal system.5 Surface water discharges of metals and metal compounds fell by
a smaller amount—975,000 pounds (a 21 percent reduction). (See Table 4-4.)
A small increase (less than 288,000 pounds) was recorded for the non-halogenated
organic chemical class, which covered the greatest number of TRI chemicals in both
1988 and 1989. This net increase in surface water discharges of non-halogenated
organics was the result of many small chemical-specific changes, the largest of
which was a 770,000-pound increase in surface water discharges of n-butyl alcohol.
Surface water discharges of halogenated organics increased by an even smaller
amount than non-halogenated organics—8,000 pounds.
The non-metallic inorganics
were associated with the
2nd-largest class-wide
decrease In surface water
discharges from 1988 to
1989.
777
-------
Chapter 4
Total surface water dis-
charges of TRI carcinogens
decreased 9% between 1988
and 1989.
Surface water discharges of
1,2-dIchloroethano Increased
by the largest amount of any
TRI carcinogen from 1988 to
1989.
Carcinogens
Total surface water discharges of TRI carcinogens dropped 9 percent (340,000
pounds) from 1988 to 1989, primarily due to decreases in surface water discharges
of a few chemicals, particularly 1,3-butadiene (with a 269,000-pound decrease, a 65
percent reduction). In both 1988 and 1989, total surface water discharges of TRI
carcinogens (3.4 million pounds in 1989 and 3.7 million pounds in 1988) repre-
sented less than 2 percent of the surface water discharges for all TRI chemicals. (See
Figure 4-21 and Table 4-15.) (Chapter 3 defines TRI carcinogens, and Appendix B
lists all TRI chemicals, indicating those which are considered carcinogens.)
Surface water discharges of the carcinogen discharged to surface water in 1989 in
the second-largest amount, formaldehyde, decreased by 172,000 pounds, which was
the second-largest reduction in surface water discharges from 1988 to 1989. In
addition to 1,3-butadiene and formaldehyde, surface water discharges of twenty-six
other carcinogens decreased, although in all but two of these cases (dichloromethane
and propylene oxide), by less than 50,000 pounds each.
From 1988 to 1989, surface water discharges of 25 TRI carcinogens increased, led
by 1,2-dichloroethane, which increased by 182,000 pounds (443 percent). Benzene
followed, with an increase in surface water discharges of 122,000 pounds or 258
percent. Surface water discharges of chloroform, which accounted for a larger
Mineral Acids/Salts
Organlcs
Non-metals
Metals
Halo-organlcs
-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20
Change in Millions of Pounc
20
Figure 4-20. Changes In TRI Discharges to Suriace Water by Chemical Class, 1988-1989. (Chemical classes
shown in descending order according to 1989 total surface water discharges.)
178
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
percentage of the surface water total than any other TRI carcinogen in 1989,
increased by the third largest amount—50,000 pounds (a 5 percent increase) to 1.1
million pounds in 1989.
Geographical Distribution
From 1988 to 1989, 31 states and other reporting jurisdictions experienced net
decreases in surface water discharges, while 22 others experienced increases. The
largest state-wide change (a decrease of 113.5 million pounds, or 71 percent) in
surface water discharges over this time period occurred in Louisiana. In both years,
discharges to surface water in Louisiana far surpassed those of any other state.
However, in 1989, Louisiana represented a much smaller percentage of the overall
surface water totals than in 1988 (24 percent, as compared to 52 percent in 1988).
Louisiana's net decrease of 113.5 million pounds was largely due to four facilities,
which together reported 118.2 million pounds less surface water discharges in 1989
than in 1988. (See Figure 4-22; Map 4-4; Table 4-8; and Appendix F, Table F-9.)
Louisiana's net decrease in surface water discharges of 113.5 million pounds
between 1988 and 1989 was largely due to decreases in amounts reported to TRI by
four facilities. These four facilities—two Agrico Chemical Company (a division of
Freeport McMoran) plants in Uncle Sam and in Donaldsonville, Arcadian Corpora-
tion in Geismar, and PPG Industries Inc. in Westlake—-had a combined decrease in
reported surface water discharges of 118.8 million pounds. (See Appendix F, Table
F-9.)
The next highest state-wide decrease in surface water discharges occurred in
Virginia. This net decrease totaled 8.8 million pounds (a 44 percent decrease). The
Allied Signal plant in Hopewell, Virginia, the fourth-largest decreaser for surface
water discharges from 1988 to 1989, reported 9.6 million pounds less surface water
discharges in 1989 than in the previous year. In addition to Virginia, four other states
(Pennsylvania, Maryland, Connecticut, and Minnesota) each showed decreases in
surface water discharges exceeding 1 million pounds. (See Table 4-8; and Appendix
F, Table F-9.)
The largest state-wide increase in surface water discharges, which occurred in
Georgia, was considerably smaller than the largest state-wide decrease discussed
above. In Georgia, surface water discharges increased by 2.7 million pounds (an
increase of 85 percent), compared to the 113.5-million-pound net decrease for
Louisiana. DSM Chemicals Augusta Inc. in Augusta, Georgia, contributed to this
state-wide increase by reporting 2.0 million pounds more surface water discharges
in 1989 than in 1988. TRI data from Illinois, Washington, Arkansas and Alaska also
showed increases in surface water discharges greater than 1 million pounds each.
(See Map 4-4; Table 4-8; and Appendix F, Table F-9.)
The largest state-wide
decrease in TRI surface
water discharges from 1988
to 1989 occurred in Louisi-
ana.
Virginia was the state with
the 2nd-largest net decrease
in surface water discharges
from 1988 to 1989.
Georgia showed the largest
state-wide increase in
surface water discharges
from 1988 to 1989.
779
-------
Chapter 4
Table 4-15. TRI Carcinogens with Changes In Discharges to Surface Water Greater than 10,000 Pounds,
1938-1989.
CHEMICAL
1,3-Butadicne
Formaldehyde
Dichloromethane
Propylene oxide
Ethylene oxide
Lead
Thiourea
Tetrachlorocthylene
1,4-Dioxane
Chloroform
Benzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL TRI CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL TRI CHEMICALS
SURFACE
WATER
1989
Pounds
143,434
838,689
226,216
8,091
3,558
32,028
971
59,061
246,443
1,139,691
168,904
222,814
3,089,900
3,389,635
188,953,884
SURFACE
WATER
1988
Pounds
412,504
1,010,336
347,594
112403
44,851
60,101
16,951
33,284
203,320
1,089,285
47,239
41,017
3,418,985
3,729,894
309,561,617
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-269,070
-171,647
-121,378
-104,412
-41,293
-28,073
-15,980
25,777
43,123
50,406
121,665
181,797
-329,085
-340,259
-120,607,733
-65.23
-16.99
-34.92
-92.81
-92.07
-46.71
-94.27
77.45
21.21
4.63
257.55
443.22
-9.63
-9.12
-38.96
The Chemical Industry was
associated with a larger
1988-1989 decrease In
surface water discharges by
far than any other TRI
Industry.
Only the Paper Industry
showed an Increase In
surface water discharges
greater than 1 million
pounds from 1983 to 1989.
Industrial Distribution
The Chemical industry, which generated the largest share of total TRI discharges to
surface water in both 1988 arid 1989 (58 percent in 1989 and 75 percent in 1988),
was associated with the largest net decrease in surface water discharges of any TRI
industry—121.7 million pounds (a 53-percent reduction). Eleven of the top 20
decreasing facilities for surface water discharges from 1988 to 1989 reported as
members of this industry in 1988. These 11 facilities were associated with a
combined decrease in surface water discharges of 126.1 million pounds. (See Figure
4-23; Table 4-11; and Appendix F, Table F-9.)
Two other industries, the Primary Metals and Fabricated Metals industries, each
showed a net decrease in surface water discharges from 1988 to 1989 greater than 1
million pounds. In the case of the Fabricated Metals industry, 1988 surface water
totals were cut by 80 percent (1.2 million pounds).
Only one industry, the Paper industry, was associated with an increase in surface
water discharges greater than 1 million pounds. The Paper industry increased
discharges to surface water by 4.3 million pounds from 1988 to 1989. The Lumber
industry reported a much smaller absolute increase (557,000 pounds) than the Paper
industry, but a larger percentage increase (552 percent, as compared to 11 percent
for the Paper industry). (See Figure 4-23 and Table 4-11.)
180
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Formaldehyde
Dlchloromethane
1,2-Dlchloroet hane
Benzene
1,3-Butadlono
Propylene oxide
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50
Changs In Thousands of Pounds
100 150
200
Figure 4-21. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Discharges to Surface Water Greater than 100,000 Pounds,
1988-1989. (Carcinogens shown in descending order according to 1989 total surface water discharges.)
Louisiana
Illinois
Washington
Virginia
Arkansas
Georgia
Alaska
Connecticut
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Minnesota
-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20
Change in Millions of Pounds
20
Figure 4-22. States with Changes in TRI Discharges to Surface Water Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-
1989. (States shown in descending order according to 1989 total surface water discharges.)
181
-------
Chapter 4
Millions of Pounds
D Decreases > 10 H Increases or Decreases < 1
0 Decreases between 1 and 10 II Increases between 1 and 10
Map 4-4. Changes In TRI Surface Water Discharges by State, 1988-1989.
ON-SITE LAND RELEASES
On-3llo land releases of TRI
chemicals decreased by 17%
between 1988 and 1989.
Only 1 land disposal
method—land treatment—
Increased In TRI amounts
from 1988 to 1989.
On-site land releases of TRI chemicals (excluding delisted chemicals) dropped 89.8
million pounds (a 17-percent decrease) from 1988 to 1989. Only surface water
discharges of TRI chemicals decreased by a larger percentage (39 percent). In
absolute terms, however, the 89.8-million-pound decrease in on-site land releases
was one of the two smallest decreases recorded for any TRI release or transfer
category. (Transfers to POTWs declinedlby a smaller amount, as discussed below,)
In both 1988 and 1989, on-site land releases made up 8 percent of the total TRI
releases and transfers. (See Table 4-2.)
The 89.8-million-pound net decrease in TRI on-site land releases from 1988 to 1989
was the result of 182.7 million pounds of decreases partially offset by 92.9 million
pounds of increases. The number of facilities showing increases (908) exceeded by
one the number of facilities showing decreases. However, the number of facilities
showing decreases in excess of 10 million pounds (38) was greater than those
showing increases of that magnitude (22). The effect of the top decreasing facilities
for on-site land releases could be shown by removing the top nine decreasing
facilities for such releases from the database. If this were done, the net result would
be an increase in on-site land releases from 1988 to 1989.
The TRI reporting Form R requests that TRI facilities indicate how their on-site land
releases were placed into the environment. The form provides four choices of land
disposal methods: (1) landfills; (2) surface impoundments6 (ponds or pits where
752
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Industry (SIC Code)
Chemicals (28)
Paper (26)
Primary Metals (33)
Multiple codes 20-39
Petroleum (29)
Food (20)
Lumber (24)
Fabr. Metals (34)
-140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20
Change in Millions of Pounds
20
Figure 4—23. Industries with Changes in TRI Discharges to Surface Water Greater than 500,000 Pounds,
1988-1989. (Industries shown in descending order according to 1989 total surface water discharges.)
liquid wastes are left to evaporate and from which the remaining sludge is removed);
(3) land treatment, land application, or farming; and (4) other land disposal,
including leaks and spills.
While total TRI on-site land releases decreased by 89.8 million pounds from 1988 to
1989, releases for one land disposal method—land treatment—increased between
1988 and 1989 (by 8.1 million pounds, or 58 percent). On the other hand, landfill
releases and other land disposal each decreased by greater than 35.0 million pounds
from 1988 to 1989. Releases to surface impoundments fell by 9 percent (11.8 million
pounds). (See Table 4-16.)
Chemical Distribution
On-site land releases decreased for 109 TRI chemicals, increased for 75, and stayed
the same for nine between 1988 and 1989. (An additional 127 TRI chemicals were
not associated with on-site land releases in either year, either because no TRI reports
were filed or because no on-site land releases were reported.)
On-site land releases of 17 TRI chemicals decreased by greater than 1 million
pounds each from 1988 to 1989. On-site land releases of only three TRI chemicals
increased by at least this amount. The largest change in on-site land releases (a
decrease of 16.1 million pounds) was recorded for zinc compounds. Asarco Incorpo-
rated in Hayden, Arizona, reported 10 million pounds less on-site land release of
zinc compounds in 1989 than in 1988, out of a facility-wide net decrease for all TRI
chemicals of 19.4 million pounds. Herculaneum Smelter in Herculaneum, Missouri,
On-site land releases of 17
TRI chemicals decreased by
greater than 1 million
pounds from 1988 to 1989.
183
-------
Chapter 4
On-site land releases of
three TRI chemicals
Increased by greater than 1
million pounds each.
Between 1988 and 1989,4
chemical classes were each
associated with a net
decrease In on-slto land
releases greater than 8
million pounds.
also was associated with a significant decrease in on-site land releases of zinc
compounds between 1988 and 1989—9.2 million pounds. Despite the relatively
large net decrease in on-site land releases of zinc compounds, these compounds still
made up a larger share (22 percent) of the total on-site land releases in 1989 than any
other TRI chemical. (See Figure 4-24 and Figure 4-25; Table 4-17; and Appendix F,
Table F-10.)
On-site land releases of manganese decreased by the second-largest amount—12.!)
million pounds, cutting the 1988 on-site land release totals for this chemical by 63
percent. Elkem Metals Co. (Marietta, Ohio) contributed to this net decrease by
reporting 8.1 million pounds less on-site land releases of manganese in 1989 than in
1988. The next two largest decreases in on-site land releases from 1988 to 1989 were
reported for asbestos (friable) and ammonium nitrate (solution). On-site land
releases of these two chemicals decreased by 89 percent (8.5 million pounds) and 53
percent (8.4 million pounds), respectively. (See Figure 4-24 and Table 4-17.)
The three TRI chemicals showing increases in on-site land releases greater than 1
million pounds each were ammonium sulfate (solution) (which increased by 1.9
million pounds or 14 percent), sulfuric acid (1.1 million pounds, 31 percent), and
manganese compounds (1.1 million pounds, 1 percent). Manganese compounds and
ammonium sulfate (solution) were ranked second and seventh, respectively, for
total on-site land releases in 1989. (See Figure 4-24 and Table 4-17.)
Chemical Classes
On-site land releases decreased from 1988 to 1989 by more than 8 million pounds for
each of four TRI chemical classes: metals and metal compounds, non-metallic
inorganics, non-halogenated organics, and mineral acids/salts. For halogenated
organics, on-site land releases were cut by only 376,000 pounds, but this represented
a 55 percent change. (Mixtures and trade secrets cannot be assigned to specific
Table 4-16. Change In TRI On-site Land Releases by Type of Land Disposal Method, 1988"
1989.
TYPE OF LAND
DISPOSAL METHOD
RELEASE
1989
Pounds
RELEASE
1988
Pounds
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
Other Land
Landfill
Surface Impoundment
Land Treatment
Unknown
TOTAL LAND RELEASES
137,433,758
173,075,870
112,193,856
22,032,286
182,693,095
208,699,576
123,948,169
13,969,324
-45,259,337
-35,623,706
-11,754,313
8,062,962
-24.77
-17.07
-9.48
57.72
780
444,736,550
5,200,843
534,511,007
-5,200,063
-89,774,457
-99.99
-16.80
184
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Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
chemical classes; see Chapter 3 for an explanation of chemical classes and Appen-
dix B for a complete list of TRI chemicals, with their classes indicated.) (See Figure
4-26 and Table 4-4.)
Over two-thirds of the net decrease in on-site land releases from 1988 to 1989 can be
attributed to the 61.7-million-pound reduction (a 16 percent decrease) in on-site
land releases of metals and metal compounds. In both years, metals and metal
compounds made up almost 75 percent of the total on-site land releases of TRI
chemicals. On-site land releases of ten metals and metal compounds decreased by
over 1 million pounds each from 1988 to 1989, while on-site land releases of only
one member of this class, manganese compounds, increased by more than this
amount. The most notable decreases in on-site land releases of metals and metal
compounds were those for zinc compounds (a 16.1-million-pound reduction, or 14
percent) and manganese (a 12.9-million-pound reduction, or 63 percent). In addi-
tion, on-site land releases of lead compounds and zinc (fume or dust) each fell by 7.1
million pounds. (See Table 4-4.)
On-site land releases of non-metallic inorganics dropped 42 percent (11.8 million
pounds) from 1988 to 1989. An 89 percent decrease in on-site land releases of
asbestos (friable), amounting to 8.5 million pounds, was the largest such change
seen for chemicals in this class. Other decreases in on-site land releases over one
million pounds each for members of this class were seen for arsenic compounds (a
decrease of 1.4 million pounds) and ammonia (a decrease of 1.1 million pounds).
Metals and metal com-
pounds strongly Influenced
the decrease in TRI on-site
land releases from 1988 to
1989.
On-site land releases of non-
metallic inorganics de-
creased by 42% between
1988 and 1989.
Zinc compounds
Manganese compounds
Phosphoric acid
Copper compounds
Zinc (fume or dust)
Ammonium sulfata (solution)
Lead compounds
Copper
Methanol
Manganese
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ammonia
Lead
Sulfuric acid
Arsenic compounds
Chromium
Barkim
Asbestos (friable)
Antimony
Phenol
-16
-14
-12 -10 -8 -6
Change In Millions of Pounds
Figure 4-24. TRI Chemicals with Changes in On-site Land Releases Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-
1989. (Chemicals shown in descending order according to 1989 on-site land release totals.)
185
-------
Chapter 4
Facility Name
Herculaneum Smelter (MO)
Aaarco Inc. (AZ)
Texaagulflnc.(NC)
IMCFertilizorlnc.(FL)
CMC (MO
WhaeHng-PHUburgh Steel
(WV)
Freeport McMoran (FL)
Phillips 66 Co. (TX)
Aaarco he. (TX)
Chevron Chemical Co. (WY)
-15
-10 -5 0
Change In Millions of Pounds
10
Rgure 4-25. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in On-site Land Releases, 1988-1989. (Facilities
reporting the five greatest increases and the five greatest decreases for on-site land disposal, shown in descending
order according to 1989 on-site land release totals.)
On-site land releases of mineral acids/salts decreased by 8.0 million pounds (9
percent) from 1988 and 1989. Significant reductions in on-site land releases of
ammonium nitrate (solution) (a decrease of 8.4 million pounds, 53 percent) and
phosphoric acid (a decrease of 1.7 million pounds, 3 percent) were partially offset by
increases in on-site land releases of ammonium sulfate (solution) (an increase of 1.9
million pounds, 14 percent), and sulfuric acid (an increase of 1.1 million pounds, 31
percent).
As was the case for the mineral acids/salts class, on-site land releases of non-
halogenated organics also decreased by 8 million pounds from 1988 to 1989,
although this absolute change represented a much higher percentage change for
non-halogenated organics—40 percent as compared to 9 percent for the mineral
acids/salts class. Decreases in on-site land releases of methanol (a decrease of 5.0
million pounds, 39 percent) and phenol (a decrease of 1.5 million pounds, 80
percent) dominated the changes in on-site land releases for the non-halogenated
organics class. (See Table 4-4.)
186
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Table 4-17. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Total On-site Land Releases Greater than 1 Million Pounds,
1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
Zinc compounds
Manganese
Asbestos (friable)
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Lead compounds
Zinc (fume or dust)
Chromium
Methanol
Copper compounds
Barium
Copper
Lead
Phosphoric acid
Phenol
Arsenic compounds
Ammonia
Antimony
Manganese compounds
Sulfuric acid
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
LAND
1989
Pounds
98,670,391
7,574,227
1,073,901
7,572,825
13,980,721
19,933,962
3,333,921
7,764,527
40,746,031
2,527,527
10,027,388
5,817,158
50,063,162
370,039
4,004,799
7,553,741
557,336
84,979,282
4,726,152
15,308,173
386,585,263
58,151,287
444,736,550
LAND
1988
Pounds
114,741,901
20,489,853
9,621,129
16,022,104
21,126,105
27,016,965
9,293,616
12,735,399
44,923,573
6,075,936
12,694,152
7,800,269
51,791,692
1,882,284
5,377,184
8,659,916
1,612,571
83,873,034
3,608,355
13,425,305
472,771,343
61,739,664
534,511,007
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-16,071,510
-12,915,626
-8,547,228
-8,449,279
-7,145,384
-7,083,003
-5,959,695
-4,970,872
-4,177,542
-3,548,409
-2,666,764
-1,983,111
-1,728,530
-1,512,245
-1,372,385
-1,106,175
-1,055,235
1,106,248
1,117,797
1,882,868
-86,186,080
-3,588,377
-89,774,457
-14.01
-63.03
-88.84
-52.74
-33.82
-26.22
-64.13
-39.03
-9.30
-58.40
-21.01
-25.42
-3.34
-80.34
-25.52
-12.77
-65.44
1.32
30.98
14.02
-18.23
-5.81
-16.80
Carcinogens
On-site land releases of TRI carcinogens decreased by 16.8 million pounds (57
percent) from 1988 to 1989, lowering the carcinogenic land releases total to 12.7
million pounds in 1989. This decrease also lowered the percentage that carcinogens
made up of total TRI on-site land releases, from 6 percent in 1988 to 3 percent in
1989. (Chapter 3, Box 3-G, defines TRI carcinogens, and Appendix B lists all TRI
carcinogens, indicating those which are considered carcinogens.)
Of all the TRI carcinogens, total on-site land releases of asbestos (friable) decreased
by the largest amount from 1988 to 1989—8.5 million pounds or 89 percent.
Chromium (the second-ranked TRI carcinogen for on-site land releases in 1989)
also decreased by both large absolute and percentage amounts: 6.0 million pounds,
and 64 percent, respectively. Lead, which made up the largest share of on-site land
releases of carcinogens in 1989, decreased by 25 percent—2.0 million pounds, the
third largest amount of on-site land release reduction for a TRI carcinogen from
On-site land releases of TRI
carcinogens decreased by
57% between 1988 and 1989.
On-site land releases of
asbestos (friable) decreased
by 89% from 1988 to 1989.
187
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Chapter 4
Metals
Mineral Acids/Salts
Non-ma tals
Organlcs
Halo-organlcs
-60
-50 -40 -30 -20
Change In Millions of Pounds
10
Figure 4-26. Changes In TRI On-sile Land Release by Chemical Class, 1988-1989. (Chemical classes shown
In descending order according to 1989 en-site land release totals.)
On-slte land releases of only
1 TRI carcinogen Increased
by more than 50,000 pounds
from 1988 to 1989.
West Virginia showed a
1,037% increase In total on-
slte land releases from 1988
to 1989.
1988 to 1989. Total on-site landreleases of 21 other TRI carcinogens also decreased,
although in amounts less than 300,000 pounds each. (See Figure 4-27 and Table 4-
18.)
On-site land releases of 20 TRI carcinogens increased from 1988 to 1989; however,
on-site land releases of only one TRI carcinogen, nickel, increased by more than
50,000 pounds. On-site land releases of nickel were 194,000 pounds (17 percent)
higher in 1989 than in 1988. As a result, nickel was the third-ranked TRI carcinogen
for on-site land releases in 1989.
Geographical Distribution
From 1988 to 1989,33 states registered decreases in TRI on-site land releases, while
19 others showed increases. West Virginia's net change in on-site land releases is
particularly striking because it represents a 1,037 percent change (from 895,000
pounds in 1988 to 10.2 million pounds in 1989). Two West Virginia facilities were
each associated with increases in TRI on-site land releases greater than 2 million
pounds: Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel in Follansbee (with a 6.8-million-pound in-
crease); and LCP Chemicals in Moundsville (with a 2.5-million-pound increase).
(See Figures 4-25 and 4-28; Map 4-5; Table 4-8; and Appendb: F, Table F-10.)
188
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Texas showed the largest absolute change in on-site land releases—a 32.7-million-
pound decrease. This 61-percent reduction lowered the state's 1989 on-site land
releases total to 21.3 million pounds. Three facilities contributed largely to the state-
wide decrease in Texas—Asarco Incorporated in El Paso, Phillips 66 Company in
Borger, and Chapparral Steel Company in Midlothian. Together these three facili-
ties were associated with a decrease in on-site land releases from 1988 to 1989 of
25.5 million pounds.
The second-largest state-wide decrease, from facilities in Arizona, totaled 21.3
million pounds, a 40-percent reduction. Asarco Inc. in Hayden, Arizona alone
decreased on-site land releases of TRI chemicals by 17.9 million pounds, while
Cyprus Miami Mining Corporation in Claypool, Arizona, reduced on-site land
releases by 3.2 million pounds from 1988 to 1989.
Three other states each showed decreases in on-site land releases from 1988 to 1989
greater than 10 million pounds—Wyoming (a decrease of 15.1 million pounds),
Indiana (a decrease of 12.5 million pounds), and Missouri (a decrease of 11.9
million pounds). For Wyoming, on-site land releases totals were cut by 99 percent
between 1988 and 1989. Chevron Chemical Co. in Rock Springs, Wyoming, played
a large role in the overall change in on-site land releases for the state by decreasing
on-site land releases of TRI chemicals by 15.0 million pounds. Two Indiana
facilities were among the 20 facilities with the greatest 1988 to 1989 decrease in on-
site land releases—USS Gary Works in Gary and Inland Steel Company in East
Chicago, with decreases of 5.9 million pounds and 5.2 million pounds, respectively.
A Missouri facility, Herculaneum Smelter in Herculaneum, reported 11.8 million
Lead
Chromium
Nickel
Asbestos (friable)
Formaldehyde
Dichloromethane
Tetrachloroethylene
-7
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2
Change in Millions of Pounds
-1
Texas was associated with
the largest absolute
decrease in on-site land
releases from 1988 to 1989.
Figure 4-27. TRI Carcinogens with Changes In On-site Und Releases Greater than 50,000 Pounds, 1988-1989.
(Carcinogens shown in descending order according to 1989 on-site land release totals.)
189
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Chapter 4
Table 4-18. TRI Carcinogens with Changes In Total On-Slte Land Releases Greater Than 10,000 Pounds,
1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
Asbestos (friable)
Chromium
Lead
Formaldehyde
Dichloromethane
Tctrachloroethylcne
Styrene
Arsenic
Ethylene oxide
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
1,4-Dioxane
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Nickel
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL TRI CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL TRI CHEMICALS
LAND
1989
Pounds
1,073,901
3^33,921
5,817,158
214,925
16,138
12,791
196,300
147,776
37,712
114,219
1,616
11,930
33,723
46,659
1,310,015
12,368,784
12,654,650
444,736,550
LAND
1988
Pounds
9,621,129
9,293,616
7,800,269
461,716
157,155
106,144
242,941
181,267
54,700
128,090
14,759
510
11,702
1,200
1,116,253
29,191,451
29,470,437
534,511,007
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-8,547,228
-5,959,695
-1,983,111
-246,791
-141,017
-93,353
-46,641
-33,491
-16,988
-13,871
-13,143
11,420
22,021
45,459
193,762
-16,822,667
-16,815,787
-89,774,457
-88.84
-64.13
-25.42
-53.45
-89.73
-87.95
-19.20
-18.48
-31.06
-10.83
-89.05
2,239.22
188.18
3,788.25
17.36
-57.63
-57.06
-16.80
A total of 15 states showed
decreases In on-slte land
releases from 1988 to 1989
greater than 1 million
pounds each.
Together 3 TRI Industries
decreased on-slle land
releases by 82.0 million
pounds from 1988 to 1989.
pounds less on-site land releases in 1989 than in 1988, resulting in the third-greatest
facility-specific decrease in on-site land releases in the nation. (See Figures 4-25 and!
4-28, Map 4-5, and Appendix F, Table F-10.)
Ten more states, for a total of 15 states, showed decreases in on-site land releases:
from 1988 to 1989 larger than 1 million pounds each. For Georgia, Kentucky,
Virginia, Colorado and Connecticut, these decreases represented a percentage
decrease of 68 percent or more for each state. (See Map 4-5 and Table 4-8.)
Industrial Distribution
Of the 22 TRI industry categories, 17 showed decreases in on-site land releases fromi
1988 to 1989. The three industry categories which together had facilities that;
reported over 94 percent of the total TRI on-site land releases in both 1989 and
1988—the Primary Metals industry, Chemical industry and the Multiple SIC Codes:
category—collectively reported an 82.0-million-pound net decrease in on-site land
releases. The largest offsetting industry-wide change was the 1.0-million-pound
increase in on-site land releases associated with the Food industry. (See Figure 4-29
and Table 4-11.)
The Primary Metals industry reduced on-site land releases by 49.5 million pounds:
(17 percent), the largest industry-wide decrease, while the Chemical industry was:
associated with a 23.2-million-pound decrease (18 percent). Facilities reporting in
190
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
-30
-25
•20 -15 -10 -5
Change In Millions of Pounds
Figure 4-28. States with Changes in TRI On-site Land Releases Greater than 2 Million Pounds, 1988-1989.
(States shown in descending order according to 1989 on-site land release totals.)
Millions of Pounds
D Decreases > 10
H Decreases between 1 and 10
H Increases or Decreases < 1
§§ Increases between 1 and 10
Map 4-5. Changes in TRI Total On-site Land Releases by State, 1988-1989.
191
-------
Chapter 4
3 other Industries were each
associated with a decrease
In TRI on-slte land releases
greater than 1 million
pounds.
Underground Injection of TRI
chemicals decreased by 11%
from 1988 to 1989.
the Multiple SIC Code category together reported 9.4 million pounds less TRI on •
site land releases in 1989 than in 1988. All of the top 20 facilities for decreases in on -
site land releases from 1988 to 1989 were members of one of these three industry
categories. (See Figure 4-29; Table 4-11; and Appendix F, Table F-10.)
Three additional industry categories (the Fabricated Metals industry, the facilities
reporting no SIC Codes in 20-39, and the Transportation industry) each showed an
absolute decrease in on-site land releases greater than 1 million pounds, and each of
these changes represented a decrease of 70 percent or more. In addition, the
following industries also showed large percentage decreases in on-site land release:;
from 1988 to 1989, although the absolute changes for the industries were small:
Apparel industry (99 percent), Miscellaneous Manufacturing (80 percent), Printing
industry (97 percent), Measuring/Photographic industry (80 percent), Textiles
industry (77 percent), and Furniture industry (74 percent). (See Table 4-11.)
UNDERGROUND INJECTION
Underground injection is a disposal method by which chemical wastes are injected
into deep underground wells. Because underground injection requires certain spe-
cial geological conditions in order to prevent contamination of groundwater, its
geographical distribution is less variable than that of other types of release or
transfer. Geological conditions for disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes
are reviewed in detail and are subject to extensive modeling. Depths of these
operations vary greatly from 2000 feet to more than 10,000 feet. The injection
formations must be separated from the lowermost underground sources of drinking
water by geologically competent, non-permeable formations.
A demonstration must be made for injection of hazardous waste (pursuant to RCRA
3004(0) that the waste will remain in the designated formation for 10,000 years or
until such time as the waste is no longer hazardous.
Unless special problems develop, the deep well injection of hazardous and non-
hazardous wastes, which is strictly regulated by the permit process, is not expected
to result in exposures to toxic chemicals.
Underground injection of TRI chemicals (excluding delisted chemicals) dropped
153.3 million pounds (an 11 percent decrease) from 1988 to 1989. Underground
injection was a major release method for TRI chemicals in 1988 and 1989,
accounting for 21 percent of total TRI releases and transfers in both years. Only air
emissions made up a larger share of the total TRI releases and transfers. (See Table
4-2.)
The 153.3-million-pound net decrease in TRI underground injection from 1988 to
1989 was the result of 272.8 million pounds of decreases in amounts reported by
facilities partially offset by 119.4 million pounds of increases. The number of
facilities showing decreases (86) exceeded the number reporting increases (69), and
the number of facilities showing decreases in excess of 10 million pounds (18) only
192
-------
Comparing 1989 TRT to Previous Years
Industry (SIC Code)
Primary Metals (33)
Chemicals (28)
Multiple codes 20-39
Paper (26)
Food (20)
Fabr. Metals (34)
Transportation (37)
No codes 20-39
-40
-30 -20 -10
Change in Millions of Pounds
10
Figure 4-29. Industries with Changes in TRI On-site Land Releases Greater than 500,000 Pounds, 1988-1989.
(Industries shown in descending order according to 1989 on-site land release totals.)
slightly exceeded those showing increases of that magnitude (16). If data for the
facility reporting the largest decrease in underground injection from 1988 to 1989
were removed from the database, the net change from 1988 to 1989 would have been
an increase in underground injection. (See Figure 4-30; and Appendix F, Table F-
11.)
Chemical Distribution
Reported TRI releases to underground injection wells decreased for 77 chemicals,
increased for 67, and stayed the same for nine between 1988 and 1989. An additional
167 TRI chemicals were not associated with discharges to underground injection
wells in either year, either because no TRI reports were filed or because no
discharges to underground injection wells were reported.
From 1988 to 1989, the individual underground injection totals of nine TRI
chemicals decreased by over 1 million pounds each, while nine others were
associated with an increase of that magnitude. Hydrochloric acid led these changes
with a 96.1-million-pound decrease in underground injection. Underground injec-
tion of ammonium sulfate (solution) fell by the second largest amount, 58.9 million
pounds. Sterling Chemicals, Inc. (Texas City, Texas) and Du Pont Beaumont Works
(Beaumont, Texas) were associated with decreases between 1988 and 1989 in
underground injection of ammonium sulfate (solution) totaling 36.0 million pounds
and 34.0 million pounds, respectively. These two chemicals (ammonium sulfate
Underground Injection of
hydrochloric acid decreased
by the largest amount from
1988 to 1989.
193
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Chapter 4
Underground Injection of
ammonia and sulfuric acid
Increased the most from
1988 to 1989.
(solution) and hydrochloric acid) were the TRI chemicals injected in underground
wells in the largest amounts in both 1988 and 1989. In the latter year, ammonium
sulfate (solution) and hydrochloric acid made up 39 percent (461.2 million pounds)
and 25 percent (300.8 million pounds) of the TRI underground injection total,
respectively. (See Figures 4-30 and 4-31; Table 4-19; and Appendix F, Table F-11.)
Underground injection of three TRI chemicals, in particular, decreased by over 50
percent and by more than 1 million pounds each: manganese compounds (an 83
percent decrease, 5.8 million pounds), vinyl acetate (a decrease of 60 percent, 1.9
million pounds), and n-butyl alcohol (a decrease of 53 percent, 1.6 million pounds),
Furthermore, underground injection of propylene oxide was 76 percent lower in
1989 than in 1988 due to an 844,000-pound decrease in such releases. (See Table 4-
19.)
Two TRI chemicals showed increases in underground injection greater than 10
million pounds each between 1988 and 1989: ammonia and sulfuric acid, the fourth-
and third-ranked TRI chemicals for underground injection in 1989, respectively.
Underground injection of ammonia rose by the largest amount, 14.5 million pounds,
to reach 65.2 million pounds in 1989, while underground injection of sulfuric acid
increased by 10.9 million pounds. A Sterling Chemicals, Incorporated facility in
Texas City, Texas contributed to this ammonia increase by injecting 16.3 million
Facility Name
Monsanto Co. (TX)
American CyanamM Co. (LA)
Du Pont Beaumont Works (TX)
BP Chemicals (TX)
Du Pont (KY)
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical
Corp.(FL)
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
pounds more ammonia in underground wells in 1989 than in 1988. Underground
injection of two other chemicals, ethylene glycol and acrylamide, increased by
significant percentages between 1988 and 1989,196 percent (a 5.7-million-pound
increase), and404 percent (a 3.6-million-pound increase), respectively. (See Figure
4-31 and Table 4-19.)
Chemical Classes
Underground injection of mineral acids/salts dropped 159.6 million pounds (from
1.2 billion pounds in 1988 to 996.0 million pounds in 1989) primarily as a result of
the significant decreases in underground injection of three chemicals, most notably
hydrochloric acid. Three chemicals in this class were each associated with an
increase in underground injection from 1988 to 1989 of over one million pounds:
sulfuric acid (with an increase of 10.9 million pounds), nitric acid (with an increase
of 5.5 million pounds), and hydrogen cyanide (with an increase of 1.8 million
pounds). In both years, mineral acids/salts made up over 80 percent of the total
underground injection. (Mixtures and trade secrets cannot be assigned to specific
chemical classes; see Chapter 3 for an explanation of chemical classes and Appen-
dix B for a complete list of TRI chemicals, with their classes indicated.)(See Figure
4-32 and Table 4-4.)
Non-halogenated organics accounted for the next largest share of the total under-
ground injection in 1989 (10 percent) and 1988 (9 percent). Underground injection
of this chemical class fell by 2.6 million pounds from 1988 to 1989 as the net result
of increases and decreases, including changes of over 1 million pounds each in the
underground injection totals of ten individual organic chemicals.
Underground injection of the metals and metal compounds class decreased by over
three-quarters (76 percent) from 1988 to 1989. However, since this chemical class
accounted for less than 1 percent of total underground injection in both years, this
decrease had little impact on TRI underground injection totals. The 6.0-million-
pound net decrease in underground injection of this chemical class was due almost
entirely to a 5.8-million-pound decrease (an 85 percent decrease) in underground
injection of manganese compounds. (See Table 4-4.)
Non-metallic inorganics, which made up the third-largest share of the total under-
ground injection in both years (6 percent in 1989 and 4 percent in 1988), increased
by the largest amount from 1988 to 1989—14.9 million pounds or 30 percent. The
14.5-million-pound increase in underground injection of ammonia was almost
wholly responsible for the net increase in underground injection of this class.
Ammonia was injected in underground injection wells in such large amounts in 1989
(65.2 million pounds) and in 1988 (50.7 million pounds) that it was, by far, the
dominant chemical in this class in both years in terms of underground injection.
Underground injection of halogenated organics also increased, but by a much
smaller amount than non-metallic inorganics—37,000 pounds (a 1 percent in-
crease).
Underground injection of
mineral acids/salts de-
creased by the largest
amount of any TRI chemical
class from 1988 to 1989,
159.6 million pounds...
...while underground
injection of non-hatogenated
organics fell by 2.6 million
pounds.
Underground injection of
non-metallic inorganics
increased by the largest
amount of any TRI chemical
class from 1988 to 1989.
195
-------
Chapter 4
Ammonium sulfate (solution
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfurlc acid
Ammonia
Ammonium nitrate (solution
Nitric acid
Methanol
Acrylic acid
Acetonitrile
Ethylene glycol
Formaldehyde
Acrylonltrilo
Acetone
Acrylamlde
Hydrogen cyanide
n-Butyl alcohol
Vinyl acetate
Manganese compounds
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20
Change in Millions of Poum
20
Rgure 4-31. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Underground Injection Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-
1989. (Chemicals shown in descending order according to 1989 underground injection totals.)
Mineral Acids/Salts
Organlcs
Non-metals
Halo-organlcs
Metals
-160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20
Change In Millions of Pounds
Rgure 4-32. Changes In TRI Underground Injection by Chemical Class, 1988-1989. (Chemical classes shown
In descending order according to 1989 underground injection totals.)
196
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Carcinogens
Despite the net decrease in underground injection for all TRI chemicals, under-
ground injection of TRI carcinogens increased from 1988 to 1989, moving from
20.7 million pounds to 22.3 million pounds, an increase of 1.7 million pounds.
Underground injection of 16 carcinogens increased, though in all but two cases by
amounts smaller than 130,000 pounds each. Acrylamide and acrylonitrile, the third-
and second-ranked TRI carcinogens for underground injection in 1989, increased by
the largest amounts: 3.6 million pounds (from 879,000 to 4.4 million pounds), and
1.2 million pounds (from 4.6 to 5.8 million pounds), respectively. (See Figure 4-33
and Table 4-20.) (Chapter 3, Box 3-G, defines TRI carcinogens, and Appendix B
lists all TRI chemicals, indicating those which are considered carcinogens.)
While underground injection totals decreased for 18 carcinogens from 1988 to 1989,
only formaldehyde decreased by more than 1 million pounds. Yet even with this
sizable decrease (1.3 million pounds), formaldehyde remained the top-ranked
carcinogen for underground injection in 1989, with 8.3 million pounds reported.
Underground injection of TRI
carcinogens Increased by 1.7
million pounds from 1988 to
1989.
Table 4-19. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Underground Injection Greater than 500,000 Pounds, 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Manganese compounds
Acrylic acid
Methanol
Vinyl acetate
n-Butyl alcohol
Formaldehyde
Propylene oxide
Toluene
Acetaldehyde
Cyanide compounds
Acrylonitrile
Acetonitrile
Acetone
Hydrogen cyanide
Acrylamide
Nitric acid
Ethylene glycol
Sulfuric acid
Ammonia
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
UNDERGROUND
1989
Pounds
300,798,693
461,238,592
44,738,000
1,005,518
18,728,000
23,193,216
1,296,265
1,414,099
8,347,000
270,000
620,393
1,924,529
4,475,622
5,790,548
18,033,180
4,526,483
3,534,070
4,430,980
31,017,845
8,578,941
149,583,139
65,209,385
1,158,754,498
22,076,683
1,180,831,181
UNDERGROUND
1988
Pounds
396,940,339
520,144,631
67,941,000
6,815,820
22,262,010
26,352,320
3,211,259
3,009,660
9,608,524
1,113,780
1,436,666
2,505,109
3,694,179
4,562,713
16,769,010
3,117,541
1,737,850
879,000
25,485,930
2,897,139
138,707,333
50,702,149
1,309,893,962
24,270,300
1,334,164,262
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds
-96,141,646
-58,906,039
-23,203,000
-5,810,302
-3,534,010
-3,159,104
-1,914,994
-1,595,561
-1,261,524
-843,780
-816,273
-580,580
781,443
1,227,835
1,264,170
1,408,942
1,796,220
3,551,980
5,531,915
5,681,802
10,875,806
14,507,236
-151,139,464
-2,193,617
-153,333,081
Percent
-24.22
-11.32
-34.15
-85.25
-15.87
-11.99
-59.63
-53.01
-13.13
-75.76
-56.82
-23.18
21.15
26.91
7.54
45.19
103.36
404.09
21.71
196.12
7.84
28.61
-11.54
-9.04
-11.49
197
-------
Chapter 4
The 2 largest state-wide
decreases In underground
Injection from 1988 to 1989
occurred In Louisiana and
Texas.
The Chemical Industry was
associated with an Increase
in underground Injection of
2.2 million pounds from 1988
to 1989...
...while the Petroleum
Industry showed an even
larger Increase In under-
ground Injection of 4.6
million pounds.
Geographical Distribution
Louisiana and Texas played the largest roles in the nationwide decrease in under-
ground injection from 1988 to 1989. In fact, 12 of the top 20 facilities with the
largest TRI decreases for underground injection were located in either Texas or
Louisiana, including three of the top four of these facilities. Louisiana showed a
state-wide decrease of 137.5 million pounds from 1988 to 1989 (a 32-percent
decrease), which left the state with a 1989 underground injection total of 285.9
million pounds. Texas was associated with a much smaller, although still signifi-
cant, net decrease in underground injection of 42.2 million pounds (an 8 percent
decrease). Texas and Louisiana were ranked first and second, respectively, for
underground injection in both years, together accounting for 70 percent of the total
underground injection in 1988 and 64 percent of the total underground injection in
1989. (SeeFigures 4-30 and 4-34; Map 4-6; Table 4-8; and Appendix F, Table F-11..)
Ten additional states each showed either an increase or a decrease in underground
injection greater than 2 million pounds, although only the state-wide changes
reported for Wyoming and Florida (a decrease of 13.0 million pounds, and an
increase of 21.2 million pounds, respectively) came close to matching the magni-
tude of net changes for underground injection observed for Louisiana and Texas. In
each of these states, one or two facilities were associated with a net change in
underground injection which approached or exceeded the state-wide change in such
discharges. For example, Coastal Chemical Incorporated in Cheyenne, Wyoming
reported 13.0 million pounds less underground injection in 1989 than in the prior
year, and the state-wide net decrease in underground injection for all facilities in the
state from 1988 to 1989 was also 13.0 million pounds.
Industrial Distribution
The industry accounting for 92 percent of total TRI underground injection in 1989
(and 82 percent in 1988), the Chemical industry, showed an increase in underground
injection of 2.2 million pounds from 1988 to 1989. (See Figure 4-35.)
Besides the Chemical industry, the only other industry registering an increase in
underground injection greater than one million pounds from 1988 to 1989 was the
Petroleum Refining industry. Facilities in this industry together reported 25.1
million pounds of underground injection in 1989, an increase of 4.6 million pounds
(23 percent) over the prior year. One Petroleum Refining facility, the Amoco Oil
Company plant in Texas City, Texas, was associated with an increase in under-
ground injection of 4.2 million pounds from 1988 to 1989, the largest single
contribution to the Petroleum industry's net change in underground injection
between the two years. (See Figure 4-35; Table 4-11; and Appendix F, Table F-l 1.)
These industry-wide changes in underground injection were dwarfed by the de-
crease for the Multiple SIC Codes category, however. Facilities in the Multiple SIC
Codes category together reported 153.4 million pounds less underground injection
198
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Table 4-20. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Underground Injection Greater than 10,000 Pounds, 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
UNDERGROUND
1989 1988
Pounds Pounds
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
Formaldehyde
Propylene oxide
1,2-Dichloroethane
4,4'-Methyenedianiline
Hydrazine sulfate
Benzene
Diaminotoluene (mixed isomers)
Tetrachloroethylene
2-Nitropropane
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg-strong acid process)
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Epichlorohydrin
Acrylonitrile
Acrylamide
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL TRI CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL TRI CHEMICALS
8,347,000
270,000
1,046,661
96,000
76,957
668,610
95,000
50,005
237,000
250
0
18,441
122,043
64,338
747,389
197,200
5,790,548
4,430,980
9,608,524
1,113,780
1,455,484
460,250
355,000
770,284
174,000
72,250
257,000
15,000
12,000
0
98,054
36,002
664,750
68,300
4,562,713
879,000
22,258,422 20,602,391
22,316,775 20,655,142
1,180,831,181 1,334,164,262
-1,261,524
-843,780
-408,823
-364,250
-278,043
-101,674
-79,000
-22,245
-20,000
-14,750
-12,000
18,441
23,989
28,336
82,639
128,900
1,227,835
3,551,980
1,656,031
1,661,633
-153,333,081
-13.13
-75.76
-28.09
-79.14
-78.32
-13.20
-45.40
-30.79
-7.78
-98.33
-100.00
24.47
78.71
12.43
188.73
26.91
404.09
8.04
8.04
-11.49
-1,500 -1,000 -500
500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
Changs In Thousands of Pounds
Figure 4-33. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Underground Injection Greater than 100,000 Pounds, 1988-
1989. (Carcinogens shown in descending order according to 1989 underground injection totals.)
199
-------
Chapter 4
Transfers to public sewage
of TRI chemicals decreased
by 3% from 1988 to 1989.
in 1989 than in 1988, which corresponds to an 89-percent decrease. In addition, the
Primary Metals industry and the Food industry also showed decreases between the
two years in underground injection greater than 1 million pounds each.
TRANSFERS TO PUBLIC SEWAGE
Transfers to public sewage of TRI chemicals (excluding delisted chemicals) de-
creased by both the smallest absolute and percentage amounts of any TRI release or
transfer category between reporting years 1988 and 1989—a decrease of 19.9
million pounds or 3 percent. This small national decrease is the net result of partially
offsetting increases and decreases of the many different TRI chemicals in wastes
sent to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) by TRI facilities all over the
nation. The significance of the national net change as compared to local variations
depends on one's perspective. The net decrease may suggest some progress in the
National PretreatmentProgram (see Box 4-C) and indicate a slightly reduced burden
of industrial wastes on POTWs nationwide, but citizens or public officials will more
likely be interested in local decreases or increases than in the nationwide net change.
(See Table 4-2.)
The 19.9-million-pound net decrease in transfers to public sewage from 1988 to
1989 was the result of 120.8 million pounds of decreases, partially offset by 100.9
million pounds of increases. The number of facilities showing increases (3,009)
Texas
Louisiana
Ohio
Florida
Tennessee
Mississippi
Kentucky
Indiana
Wyoming
Arkansas
Illinois
Michigan
-140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20
Change in Millions of Pounds
20
40
Rgure 4-34. States with Changes in TRI Underground Injection Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989.
(States shown in descending order according to 1989 underground injection totals.)
200
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Millions of Pounds
d Decreases > 10
Hi Decreases between 1 and 10
01 Increases or Decreases < 1
H Increases between 1 and 10
H Increases >10
Map 4-6. Changes in Underground Injection by State, 1988-1989.
exceeded the number showing decreases (2,964). In addition, the number of
facilities associated with decreases in excess of 10 million pounds (21) was almost
twice the number showing increases of that magnitude (11). The eight facilities with
the largest decreases in transfers to public sewage would have to be removed from
the database to make the net change in transfers to public sewage from 1988 to 1989
an increase.
Increases in the amount of transfers to public sewage at the individual facility level
were more dramatic between 1988 and 1989 than decreases. The largest increase for
a single facility was the 8.7-million-pound increase associated with Phthalchem in
Cincinnati, Ohio, compared to the largest decrease of 3.4 million pounds associated
with Fruit of the Loom Inc. in St. Martinville, Louisiana. Total increases associated
with the ten facilities with the largest increases for transfers to public sewage
between the two years totaled 39.9 million pounds, whereas total decreases for the
top ten decreasing facilities for such transfers totaled 24.6 million pounds. It is clear
that many facilities contributed to the overall decrease in public sewage transfers,
rather than a few facility changes dominating, as in the case of some other types of
TRI releases or transfers (for example, underground injection). See Box 4-D for
some of the reasons why public sewage transfers might increase or decrease at the
facility level, as well as other issues relevant to interpreting changes in public
sewage transfers from one year to the next. (See Figure 4-36 and Appendix F, Table
F-12.)
201
-------
Chapter 4
Industry (SIC Code)
Chemicals (28)
Primary Metals (33)
Petroleum (29)
Multiple codes 20-39
Food (20)
-160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20
Change in Millions of Pounds
20
Figure 4-35. Industries with Changes in TRI Underground Injection Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-
1989. (Industries shown in descending order according to 1989 underground injection totals.)
Transfers to public sewage
of aulfurlc acid and nitric
acid decreased the most
from 1988 to 1989.
Transfers to public sewage
of 8 TRI chemicals each
decreased by more than 1
million pounds from 1988 to
1989...
...while ammonium sulfate
(solution) led all other TRI
chemicals in Increases of
transfers to public sewage.
Chemical Distribution
Large decreases in transfers to public sewage of sulfuric acid (11.5 million pounds,
a 21 percent decrease), and nitric acid (9.4 million pounds, a 41 percent decrease)
contributed to the net decrease in these transfers between 1988 and 1989. The Air
Products Manufacturing Corporation facility in Pasadena, Texas, reported 7.3
million pounds less transfers to public sewage of nitric acid in 1989 than in 1988.
Transfers to public sewage of hydrochloric acid fell 7.7 million pounds (a 21 percent
decrease) over the same time period. (See Figure 4-37; Table 4-21; and AppendixF,
Table F-12.) Some of the deceases in mineral acids may be the results of past errors
in reporting neutralized acids. (See Box 4-D.)
Transfers to public sewage of five additional chemicals, including the second-
ranked TRI chemical for public sewage in both 1988 and 1989—methanol, de-
creased by greater than 1 million pounds each from 1988 to 1989. Transfers to public
sewage of two of these, vinyl acetate and cyanide compounds, dropped by greater
than 87 percent each.
Transfers to public sewage of ammonium sulfate (solution), the TRI chemical
transferred to POTWs in the largest amounts in both 1988 and 1989 (187.7 million
pounds in 1988 and 201.3 million pounds in 1989), increased by the largest amount
202
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
BOX 4rC. THE NATIONAL PRETfUATMEMT PBQ&fyu
Wa&r Act (^'£hapf$rf lor A discussion ^ tee t$eaa Water Aet)V
The pragcaia'Siso respires ^prqedroately 1,508 FOTWs
., . _ _. „., .of the K*H£ to handle
types, of interning •wasjes, andipcal heaM and enviroflnieptJiiob|ec{iveig for water and sJjidge Cfualit^ •. •.
--xx - ""• *^~~ " - -^w;-^" _ ......---->,^ '•-- ,\^w
from 1988 to 1989—13.6 million pounds.7 Three facilities each showed an increase
in transfers to public sewage of ammonium sulfate (solution) greater than 5 million
pounds: Phthalchem (Cincinnati, Ohio, with an 8.7-million-pound increase); Old
Bridge Chemicals Inc. (Old Bridge, New Jersey, with a 5.7-million-pound increase);
and Mallinckrodt Specialty (St. Louis, Missouri, with a 5.6-million-pound in-
crease.).
This net increase in transfers to public sewage of ammonium sulfate (solution)
masks many offsetting increases and decreases in the public sewage transfers of this
chemical by individual facilities. For example, this was the chemical responsible for
95 percent of the decrease in public sewage transfers reported by the facility with the
second largest decrease in such transfers from 1988 to 1989 (Ciba-Geigy Corpora-
tion in Queensbury, New York and for 99 percent of the increase in transfers to
public sewage of the TRI facility showing the largest increase in such transfers
between the two years (Phthalchem, Cincinnati, Ohio).
Transfers to public sewage of four TRI chemicals (ammonia, manganese com-
pounds, formaldehyde, and n-butyl alcohol), in addition to ammonium sulfate
(solution), each increased by over 1 million pounds. The increase in transfers to
public sewage of manganese compounds of 4.7 million pounds represented a 256-
percent increase for these compounds. (See Figure 4-37 and Table 4-21.)
203
-------
Chapter 4
fcansfsss lo pipe
"
questions that &ts »f|
i;^
_. „» •. - " ,.•. £ ••'••?••* .;.'<'"">";,?? -- - - -;^";7"**r/ ^TT '
Caoa)«mixb?mg»^^l»^mstesoCthgjRajiMfj ' "
rate for difjfetf otpoil^i^j^es i&orat¥ (o 39 pe*wet
l^^%^^^s^^*§^¥^»^^S^«%^«ffe5«wJyofWffiIentiy^^^
rt**vi*t'''T\iViJtri-*i™*r«'> TfXf.riNia. ^•»icH-rt«>A-*-rt*-»-
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Chemical Class
Between 1988 and 1989, mineral acids/salts and non-halogenated organics regis-
tered the largest decreases in transfers to public sewage, which is not surprising since
seven of the eight chemicals for which such transfers decreased by more than 1
million pounds each were members of one of these classes. Transfers to public
sewage for the mineral acids/salts class fell by 19.3 million pounds (6 percent),
while such transfers for non-halogenated organics dropped by the second-largest
amount, 6.4 million pounds (3 percent). Together these two chemical classes made
up over 90 percent of the transfers to public sewage in both 1988 and 1989.
(Mixtures and trade secrets cannot be assigned to specific chemical classes; see
Chapter 3 for an explanation of chemical classes and Appendix B for a complete list
of TRI chemicals, with their classes indicated.) (See Figure 4-38 and Table 4-4.)
The largest percentage decrease in transfers to POTWs from 1988 to 1989 of any of
the five chemical classes (28 percent) was associated with halogenated organics.
Transfers to public sewage of dichloromethane were cut in half, from 3.0 million
pounds in 1988 to 1.5 million pounds in 1989, contributing largely to the overall 2.3-
million-pound decrease for this class. (See Chapter 6 for further information on
dichloromethane.) (See Table 4-21.)
Transfers to public sewage of non-metallic inorganics increased by the largest
amount in absolute terms—5.2 million pounds (a 20 percent increase). The net
increase in such transfers of one non-metallic inorganic, ammonia, alone totaled 5.5
million pounds. Ammonia is a common chemical found in both household and
industrial wastes. It is also generated within typical POTWs as a result of biological
transformations of organic matter. Ammonia is toxic to fish.
Transfers to public sewage of metals and metal compounds increased by 33 percent
(an increase of 3.1 million pounds) from 1988 to 1989. This change was driven by
the increase in such transfers of manganese compounds (which increased from 1.8
million pounds in 1988 to 6.6 million pounds in 1989). Metals and metal compounds
Transfers to public sewage
of the mineral acids/bases
and non-halogenated
organics chemical classes
decreased the most from
1988101989.
Between 1988 and 1989,
transfers to public sewage
for non-metallic Inorganics
increased by 5.2 million
pounds...
...and for metals and metal
compounds by 3.1 million
pounds.
205
-------
Chapter 4
Facility Namt
Rltrol Corp. (CA)
PMhalchem (OH)
MtlHnckrodt Speciality (MO)
GtVaudan Corp. (NJ)
Old Brldg* Chsmlcals Inc. (NJ)
Union Oil Co. Unocal (CA)
DuPontfTN)
Union Oil Co. of CA DBA
Unocal (CA)
Ciba-GelgyCorp.(NY)
Fruit of the Loom Inc. (LA)
0246
Chang* In Millions of Pounds
10
Figure 4-36. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes In Transfers to Public Sewage, 1988-1989. (Facilities
reporting the five greatest increases and the five greatest decreases for transfers to public sewage, shown in
descending order according to 1989 public sewage transfer totals.)
Ammonium aulfate (solution)
Methinol
SuHurleacid
Ammonia
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Phosphoric acid
Manganese compounds
Formaldehyde
n-Butyl alcohol
Dlch lore-methane
Vinyl acetate
Cyanide compounds
-10
-505
Change In Millions of Pounds
10
15
Rgure 4-37. TRI Chemicals with Changes In Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-
1989. (Chemicals shown in descending order according to 1989 public sewage transfer totals.)
206
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Table 4-21. TRI Chemicals with Changes In Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 500,000 Pounds, 1988-
1989.
CHEMICAL
Sulfuric acid
Nitric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Phosphoric acid
Vinyl acetate
Dichloromethane
Cyanide compounds
Acetone
Phenol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Chromium compounds
Biphenyl
Zinc compounds
p-Cresol
n-Butyl alcohol
Formaldehyde
Manganese compounds
Ammonia
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
1989
Pounds
42,874,496
13,856,793
28,180,243
109,011,890
11,586,306
179,068
1,481,927
146,625
13,223,941
5,151,231
130,101
981,119
890,452
2,028,275
1,507,037
5,799,413
5,977,311
6,566,055
28,777,748
201,258,790
479,608,821
71,425,875
551,034,696
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
1988
Pounds
54,424,308
23,298,790
35,895,804
112,968,925
13,804,117
2,319,733
2,963,249
1,149,125
14,110,213
5,889,184
840,678
1,690,921
1,428,610
1,509,445
744,568
4,525,613
4,622,975
1,842,325
23,273,890
187,698,362
495,000,835
75,927,845
570,928,680
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-11449,812
-9,441,997
-7,715,561
-3,957,035
-2,217,811
-2,140,665
-1,481,322
-1,002,500
-886,272
-737,953
-710,577
-709,802
-538,158
518,830
762,469
1,273,800
1,354,336
4,723,730
5^03,858
13,560,428
-15,392,014
-4,501,970
-19,893,984
-21.22
-40.53
-21.49
-3.50
-16.07
-92.28
-49.99
-87.24
-6.28
-12.53
-84.52
-41.98
-37.67
34.37
102.40
28.15
29.30
256.40
23.65
7.22
-3.11
-5.93
-3.48
can often be removed effectively from the effluent water at the POTW, but tend to
accumulate in the resulting sludge solids and may pose a disposal problem if the
level of toxic constituents precludes beneficial use of the sludge. The metals of
greatest concern for public sewage (such as lead, lead compounds, and copper) were
not among the large increasers for this class, however.
Carcinogens
Transfers to public sewage of TRI carcinogens decreased by 5 percent (838,000
pounds) from 1988 to 1989, a slightly steeper rate of decrease than that seen for
transfers to public sewage of all TRI chemicals (3 percent). Transfers to public
sewage of dichloromethane, the second-ranked carcinogen for transfers to public
Transfers to public sewage
of TRI carcinogens de-
creased by 5% from 1988 to
1989.
207
-------
Chapter 4
Formaldehyde registered a
significant increase In
transfers to POTWs from
1988 to 1989.
Hew York showed the
largest state-wide decrease
In transfers to public sewage
from 1988 to 1989.
sewage in 1988, decreased by the largest amount—1.5 million pounds (50 percenlt),
lowering the chemical's rank to third in 1989. Over the same year, transfers of
nitrilotriacetic acid to public sewage were almost discontinued due to a 99-percent
decrease of 262,000 pounds. (See Figure 4-39 and Table 4-22.) (See Chapter 3 for
the definition of carcinogens used in this report and Appendix B, which identifies
the TRI chemicals that are carcinogens.)
Transfers to public sewage of formaldehyde, the top-ranked carcinogen for such
transfers in both 1988 and 1989, were 1.4 million pounds (30 percent) higher in-1989
than in the previous year. Other chemical-specific increases in transfers to public
sewage for TRI carcinogens were less than 500,000 pounds each.
Geographical Distribution
Fourteen states, most notably New York, each showed net decreases in transfers to
public sewage from 1988 to 1989 that were greater than 1 million pounds. New
York's 9.0-million-pound reduction (a 36-percent decrease) was the largest state-
Mineral Acids/Salts
-20 -15 -10 -505
Change In Millions of Pounds
10
Figure 4-38. Changes in TRI Transfers to Public Sewage by Chemical Class, 1988-1989. (Chemical classes
shown in descending order according to 1989 public sewage totals.)
208
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
wide decrease in transfers to public sewage over this time period. Three facilities in
particular contributed to this net change: Ciba-Geigy Corporation in Queensbury
(with a 2.8-million-pound decrease); Lederle Laboratories in Pearl River (with a
1.6-million-pound decrease); and Anitec Image Corporation in Binghamton (with a
1.4-million-pound decrease). (See Figures 4-36 and 4-40; Map 4-7; Table 4-8; and
Appendix F, Table F-12.)
The net change in transfers to public sewage in Louisiana is worthy of mention
because it represented a 98-percent decrease in such transfers (from 3.5 million
pounds in 1988 to 60,000 pounds in 1989). Maine also showed a significant
percentage decrease in public sewage transfers (54 percent), due largely to the 1.5-
million-pound decrease associated with the Irving Tanning Co. of Hartland, Maine.
(See Appendix F, Table F-12.)
Eight states showed increases in transfers to public sewage greater than 1 million
pounds each from 1988 and 1989. The most dramatic net increases in such transfers
occurred in Missouri (a 9.5-million-pound increase, or 14 percent), New Jersey (a
6.0-million-pound increase or 11 percent), and Ohio (a 3.8-million-pound increase
or 15 percent). Missouri and New Jersey were the first- and third-ranked states for
transfers to public sewage in both 1988 and 1989, while Ohio was ranked ninth in
both years. Two St. Louis facilities, in particular, contributed to the net increase in
such transfers seen for Missouri: Mallinckrodt Specialty and a Monsanto Company
facility, which reported a 6.1-million-pound increase and 2.2-million-pound in-
crease in transfers to public sewage, respectively. (See Figure 4-40; Map 4-7; Table
4-8; and Appendix F, Table F-12.)
Phthalchem in Cincinnati, Ohio was the facility with the largest increase in transfers
to public sewage from 1988 to 1989. The 8.7-million-pound increase for this facility
was offset to a large degree, however, by many smaller decreases elsewhere in the
state, including the 1.2-millipn-pound decrease in transfers to POTWs associated
with the Henkel Corporation in Cincinnati, which did not report to TRI in 1989. (See
Appendix F, Table F-12.)
Industrial Distribution
In 1988, Chemical facilities were the source of 58 percent (330.0 million pounds) of
the total TRI transfers to POTWs. One year later, as a result of an industry-wide
increase in transfers to public sewage of 17.4 million pounds, the Chemical
industry's share of this total rose to 63 percent. The net increase was spread out
among many Chemical facilities. For example, 14 of the top 20 facilities, and all of
the top five for increases in transfers to public sewage from 1988 to 1989, reported
as members of the Chemical industry in 1988. Five additional industries were
associated with increases in such transfers; however, in all of these cases, the
increases were each smaller than 500,000 pounds. (See Figure 4-41 and Table 4-11.)
Louisiana and Maine were
associated with significant
percentage reductions in
transfers to public sewage
from 1988 to 1989.
Transfers to public sewage
increased by more than 1
million pounds from 1988 to
1989 in each of 8 slates.
The Chemical industry
registered the largest
increase in transfers to
public sewage from 1988 to
1989.
209
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Chapter 4
Formaldehyde
Dlchtoromethane
Chloroform
AcrylonHrllB
teopropyl alcohol (mfg-atrong
acid process)
Tatrachtoroathylene
DIchlorobenzene (mixed
teomers)
Nitrllotrlacetic acid
-101
Change In Millions of Pounds
Figure 4-39. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 100,000 Pounds,
1988-1989. (Carcinogens shown in descending order according to 1989 public sewage transfer totals.)
Missouri
New Jersey
Illinois
California
Texas
Virginia
Ohio
Tennessee
Wisconsin
Pennsylvania
New York
Indiana
Michigan
Massachusetts
Georgia
Puerto Rico
North Carolina
Minnesota
South Carolina
Idaho
Maine
Louisiana
-202
Change In Millions of Pounds
10
Figure 4-40. States with Changes in TRI Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-
1989. (States shown in descending order according to 1989 public sewage transfer totals.)
210
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Table 4-22. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 10,000 Pounds, 1988-
1989.
CHEMICAL
Dichloromethane
Nitrilotriacetic acid
Acrylonitrile
Chloroform
Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
Tetrachloroethylene
Chromium
Propylene oxide
Lead
Nickel
Styrene
Epichlorohydrin
Asbestos (friable)
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl acrylate
Thiourea
1,3-Butadiene
p-Cresidine
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
Benzene
Acrylamide
1,2-Dichloroethane
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.- strong acid process)
Formaldehyde
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL TRI CARCINOGENS
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
1989
Pounds
1,481,927
2,750
787,903
1,067,436
44,813
495,320
315,982
328,422
47,589
186,085
414,860
30,742
41,252
341,253
9,278
9,263
29,072
25,750
26,951
1,120,613
33,136
1,521,282
226,769
238,040
608,856
5,977,311
15,412,655
15,540,832
1988
Pounds
2,963,249
264,882
955,741
1,226,573
182,663
619,322
411,815
407,276
121,581
250^56
471,291
73385
68,148
363,065
27,657
26,634
44,874
37,750
37,997
1,103,015
13,540
1,477,242
168,491
157,118
159,040
4,622,975
16,255,880
16,378,535
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds
-1,481,322
-262,132
-167,838
-159,137
-137,850
-124,002
-95,833
-78,854
-73,992
-64,471
-56,431
-42,643
-26,896
-21,812
-18,379
-17,371
-15,802
-12,000
-11,046
17,598
19,596
44,040
58,278
80,922
449,816
1354,336
-843,225
-837,703
Percent
-49.99
-98.96
-17.56
-12.97
-75.47
-20.02
-23.27
-19.36
-60.86
-25.73
-11.97
-58.11
-39.47
-6.01
-66.45
-65.22
-35.21
-31.79
-29.07
1.60
144.73
2.98
34.59
51.50
282.83
29.30
-5.19
-5.11
Decreases in transfers to public sewage from 1988 to 1989 were spread more evenly
among industries than the increases. Eight industries reported decreases in transfers
to public sewage greater than 1 million pounds each. The largest decrease was
associated with the Fabricated Metals industry, whose transfers to public sewage
decreased by more than half (52 percent), from 17.5 million pounds in 1988 to 8.4
million pounds in 1989. Facilities in the Printing industry slashed their transfers to
POTWs by over three-quarters (78 percent, from 3.5 million pounds in 1988 to
748,000 pounds in 1989). Two Cookson Graphics facilities in Holyoke, Massachu-
setts, greatly influenced the net change in transfers to POTWs for the Printing
industry by together reporting 3.0 million pounds less of such transfers in 1989 than
in 1988. Another \argepercentage reduction showed in the Tobacco industry, whose
TRI facilities decreased transfers to POTWs by 98 percent (775,000 pounds) from
1988 to 1989. (See Figure 4-41; Table 4-11; and Appendix F, Table F-12.)
211
-------
Chapter 4
Millions of Pounds
El Increases or Decreases < ]
G Decreases > 5 H Increases between 1 and 5
O Decreases between 1 and 5 • Increases > 5
Map 4-7. Changes In TRI Transfers! to Public Sewage by State, 1988-1989.
OFF-SITE TRANSFERS
TRI off-site transfers
decreased by 168.6 million
pounds from 1988 to 1989.
This section discusses changes in "off-site transfers" which include transfers to
waste management facilities other than POTWs, for treatment, storage or disposal.
(Changes in transfers to public sewage are discussed above.) Off-site receiving
facilities might be owned by the reporting facility or its parent company. They may
be enterprises such as incinerators or landfills. (See Box 4-E for a general discussion
of off-site transfers and Chapter 3 for an analysis of 1989 off-site transfers.)
Off-site transfers of TRI chemicals (excluding delisted chemicals) to waste manage-
ment facilities other than POTWs dropped from 1.1 billion pounds in 1988to9O.l
million pounds in 1989, a decrease of 168.6 million pounds, marking the largest
absolute decrease recorded for any of the TRI release or transfer categories. In 1989,
off-site transfers accounted for a slightly lower percentage of the total TRI releases
and transfers than in the previous year (16 percent as compared to 17 percent in
1988). (See Table 4-2.)
The 168.6-million-pound net decrease in off-site transfers from 1988 to 1989 was
the result of 456.6 million pounds of decreases, partially offset by 288.0 million
pounds of increases. The number of facilities showing increases (6,104) exceeded
the number showing decreases (5,803). However, the number of facilities showing
decreases in off-site transfers from 1988 to 1989 in excess of 10 million pounds (82)
was considerably larger than the number showing increases of that magnitude (43).
212
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Industry (SIC Code)
Chemicals (28)
Multiple codes 20-39
Primary Metals (33)
Electrical (36)
Petroleum (29)
Textiles (22)
Fabr. Metals (34)
Measure./Photo. (38)
Printing (27)
0 5 10
Change in Millions of Pounds
15
20
Figure 4-41. Industries with Changes in TRI Transfers to Public Sewage Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-
1989. (Industries shown in descending order according to public sewage transfer totals.)
More than 20 decreasing facilities showing decreases would have to be removed
from the database to make the net change in off-site transfers from 1988 to 1989 an
increase.
In addition to the general reasons why a facility's TRI amounts might decrease or
increase between two years (see Box 4-B), off-site transfers may change for the
following reasons: 1) breakdowns in on-site treatment equipment could result in
greater off-site transfers in one of the two years; 2) a change in the composition of
wastes sent off site made them acceptable for recycling or reuse in one year., but not
the other (transfers of materials sent for recycling or reuse are currently exempt from
TRI reporting); 3) regulatory restrictions or the capacity limitations of on-site
treatment equipment made off-site transfers necessary in one year and not another;
and 4) in the case of mineral acids, it is possible that in a previous year a facility
incorrectly reported amounts of neutralized acids. Mineral acids that have been
neutralized prior to transfer should be reported as zero.
Chemical Distribution
Off-site transfers decreased for 140 TRI chemicals, increased for 100, and remained
the same for two chemicals between 1988 and 1989. (An additional 78 TRI
chemicals were not associated with off-site transfers in either year, either because no
reports were filed or because no off-site transfers were reported.) Most large changes
in off-site transfers of TRI chemicals (excluding delisted chemicals) between 1988
213
-------
Chapter 4
Off-site transfers of 4 TRI
chemicals decreased by
greater than 15 million
pounds each from 1988 to
1989.
Propylene registered the
largest increase In off-site
transfers from 1988 to 1989.
and 1989 were decreases. Off-site transfers of 30 chemicals decreased by more than
one million pounds each, while off-site transfers increased in such large amounts for
only seven TRI chemicals. (See Figure 4-42 and Table 4-23.)
Off-site transfers of four TRI chemicals (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, zinc
compounds, and methanol) decreased by more than 15 million pounds each froim
1988 to 1989. Sulfuric acid, the second-ranked chemical for off-site transfers in both
1988 and 1989, led these decreases in off-site transfers with a 34.9-million-pound
reduction (from 111.5 million pounds in 1988 to 76.7 million pounds in 1989). One
facility (Ciba-Geigy Corporation in Queensbury, New York) alone showed a
decrease from 1988 to 1989 in off-site transfers of sulfuric acid totaling 14.2 million
pounds. The other three top chemicals for decreases in off-site transfers, hydrochlo-
ric acid, zinc compounds, and methanol, decreased by 27.0 million pounds, 24.2
million pounds, and 15.2 million pounds, respectively. Despite these significant
decreases, zinc compounds and methanol remained among the top five chemicals
for off-site transfers in 1989 for the second year in a row, and hydrochloric acid was
in the top-ranked position in both years. (See Figure 4-42 and Table 4-23.)
While in many cases only a few individual facilities greatly influenced the overall
changes in off-site transfers of specific chemicals, some single facilities experi-
enced changes for a chemical greater than or in a different direction than the net
change for all facilities for that chemical. For example, while net off-site transfers of
zinc compounds decreased by 24.2 million pounds from 1988 to 1989, Wheeling-
Pittsburgh Steel Corporation in Mingo Junction, Ohio, increased its off-site
transfers of zinc compounds by 6.1 million pounds, from 320,000 pounds in 1988 to
6.4 million pounds in 1989.
Off-site transfers of propylene increased by the largest absolute amount—5.5
million pounds (from 1.5 million pounds in 1988 to 7.1 million pounds in 1989). The
TRI facility with the largest increase in propylene off-site transfers, Genesis
Polymers (Marysville, Michigan), increased such transfers by 5.7 million pounds.
Following propylene were manganese compounds, chromium compounds and lead
compounds, which were associated with increases in off-site transfers from 1988 to
1989 of 4.2 million pounds, 3.4 million pounds, and 3.1 million pounds, respec-
tively. (See Chapter 6 for a discussion of chromium compounds and lead corn-
pounds, two of the 33/50 Program chemicals.)
Chemical Classes
In both 1989 and 1988, three chemical classes—non-halogenated organics, meteils
and metal compounds, and mineral acids/salts—made up the bulk of the off-site
transfers, with the other two chemical classes (halogenated organics and non-
metallic inorganics) together comprising less than 12 percent of the total off-site
transfers. (Mixtures and trade secrets cannot be assigned to specific chemical
classes; see Chapter 3 for an explanation of chemical classes and Appendix B for a
complete list of TRI chemicals, with their classes indicated.)
214
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
BQ£4"&QFF-$ITE TRANSFERS OF CHEMICAL WASTE
j J3fMte facilities for
disposal, |ff%*$s»eai: do ao£ preclijr indicate
^e
in wMefc fle were
tfe^ees ^ead types G£ treatment tor$dace flie^moqitt snd/ortoxlcily of ehersfcals tnia| ar0
""""
caemicgl§ pfce inciaera|i&»). The final voiiime of release JhjttooBJHS is noirepotted.
wIlIt^
Off-site transfers decreased for all five chemical classes, most notably for the
mineral acids/salts class. The 69.8-million-pound reduction (a 24-percent decrease)
in mineral acids/salts was largely the result of the large decreases in sulfuric acid and
hydrochloric acid noted above. Off-site transfers of only two of the 12 TRI
chemicals and chemical compounds in this class increased from 1988 to 1989. Off-
site transfers of these two chemicals, hydrogen cyanide and hydrazine sulfate, each
increased by less than 2,000 pounds^ however. (See Figure 4-43 and Table 4-4.)
I
Off-site transfers decreased by just over 34.0 million pounds each for the non-
halogenated organics and the metals and metal compounds classes, representing 10
percent and 11 percent drops, respectively. Methanol registered the largest decrease
for the non-halogenated organics class, with a 15.2-million-pound reduction, as
noted above, while off-site transfers of 12 other non-halogenated organic chemicals
each decreased by over 1 million pounds. Off-site transfers of only two non-
halogenated organics, propylene and glycol ethers, each increased by at least that
amount. Off-site transfers of zinc compounds decreased by 24.2 million pounds
from 1988 to 1989, contributing largely to the 34.2-million-pound net decrease in
off-site transfers seen for the metals and metal compounds class. (See Table 4-23.)
Similarly, more than one chemical figured prominently in the net 14.6-million-
pound reduction in off-site transfers of halogenated organics. This net decrease was
attributable to four chemicals in particular: dichloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane,
trichloroethylene, and Freon 113, the first three of which are 33/50 Program
chemicals. (See Chapter 6 for further discussion of 33/50 Program chemicals). Off-
Off-site transfers of the
mineral acids/salts class
decreased the most between
1988 and 1989.
Off-site transfers decreased
by more than 34 million
pounds each for the non-
halogenated organics and
the metals and metal
compounds classes.
215
-------
Chapter 4
Hydrochloric add
SuHurictdd
Zinc compounds
Uottiinol
M«ng«n«« compounds
L»ad compounds
Chromium compounds
Nldnl compounds
Asbtttos (frUblo)
Propytone
•30
-20 -15 -10
Change In Millions of Pounds
10
Figure 4-42. TRI Chemicals with the Greatest Changes In Off-site Transfers, 1988-1989. (Chemicals associ-
ated with the five greatest increases and the five greatest decreases in off-site transfers, shown in descending order
according to 1989 off-site transfer totals.)
Off-site transfers of TRI
carcinogens decreased by
19.4 million pounds from
1988 to 1989.
site transfers of these four chemicals each decreased by more than 1.5 million
pounds from 1988 to 1989. Dichloromethane off-site transfers dropped the most,
falling from 23.3 million pounds in 1988 to 18.6 million pounds in 1989.
Of the five TRI chemical classes, off-site transfers of non-metallic inorganics
decreased by the largest percentage amount (28 percent), but the smallest absolute
amount (8.3 million pounds). A significant change in off-site transfers of asbestos
(friable) heavily influenced the overall change in off-site transfers for this class. This
9.3-million-pound decrease in off-site transfers of asbestos (friable) was offset
partially by a smaller increase in off-site transfers of arsenic compounds totaling 1,4
million pounds.
Carcinogens
Off-site transfers of TRI carcinogens dropped from 110.4 million pounds in 1988 to
91.0 million pounds in 1989, a 19.4-million-pound decrease. Despite this significant
decrease, TRI carcinogens made up 10 percent of the total off-site transfers to waste
management facilities (other than POTWs) in both years. (Chapter 3 defines TRI
carcinogens, and Appendix B lists all TRI chemicals, indicating those which are
considered carcinogens.)
216
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Organics
Metals
Mineral Acids/Salts
Halo-organics
Non-metals
-60
-30 -40 -30 -20
Change in Millions of Pounds
-10
Figure 4-43. Changes in TRI Off-site Transfers by Chemical Class, 1988-1989. (Chemical classes shown in
descending order according to 1989 off-site transfer totals.)
Off-site transfers of 28 TRI carcinogens decreased from 1988 to 1989, for each of
four of these chemicals in amounts greater than 1 million pounds. While off-site
transfers of 37 carcinogens increased from 1988 to 1989, the largest increase was
less than 1.0 million pounds (0.6 million pounds). (See Figure 4-44 and Table 4-24.)
Asbestos (friable), the fourth-ranked TRI carcinogen for off-site transfers in 1989,
showed the largest decrease for off-site transfers from 1988 to 1989 among the
carcinogens. Off-site transfers of this chemical were cut in half from 1988 to 1989
due to a 9.3-million-pound decrease. Smaller, although still significant, absolute
decreases in off-site transfers were recorded for the following TRI carcinogens:
dichloromethane, chromium and styrene. Off-site transfers of these three chemicals
each decreased by more than 1 million pounds from 1988 to 1989. Dichloromethane
was the TRI carcinogen transferred off-site in the largest amounts in 1989, 18.6
million pounds, while chromium and styrene were ranked third and fifth, respec-
tively, for off-site transfers of carcinogens in 1989.
Geographical Distribution
In 33 states, there was a net change (either an increase or a decrease) in off-site
transfers greater than 1 million pounds. The greatest net decrease in off-site transfers
for a state occurred in New Jersey. Off-site transfers for New Jersey TRI facilities
totaled 28.8 million pounds in 1989, a decrease for that state of 40.6 million pounds
(58 percent) over the previous year. Two New Jersey facilities made significant
Off-site transfers of the
carcinogen asbestos
(friable) decreased the most
from 1988 to 1989.
New Jersey showed the
largest decrease in TRI off-
site transfers from 1988 to
1989.
217
-------
Chapter 4
Table 4-23. TRI Chemicals with Changes in Off-site Transfers Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
Sulfuric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Zinc compounds
Methanol
Asbestos (friable)
Total for Mixtures
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Copper
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
n-Butyl alcohol
Nitric acid
Hydrogen fluoride
Ethylene glycol
Chromium
Zinc (fume or dust)
Phthalic anhydride
Methyl ethyl ketone
Phenol
Styrene
Trichloroethylene
Freon 113
Toluene
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Nitrobenzene
p-Xylene
m-Xylene
Glycol ethers
Arsenic compounds
Nickel compounds
Lead compounds
Chromium compounds
Manganese compounds
Propylene
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
OFF-SITE
1989 1988
Pounds Pounds
76,658,766
98,579,539
58^96,436
51361,695
7,790,975
4,083,095
15^08,236
9,260,237
6,344,859
18,611,908
14,211,613
16,076,457
33,376,628
5,269,601
23,432,733
4,618,991
15,166,084
8,744,197
33,800,113
3,546,530
28,166,723
4,450,815
7,205,848
4,604,388
4,494,178
62,789,885
3,400,733
108,436
86349
287,999
8,768,086
2,817,025
8,981,388
18,716,125
17,052,690
24,751,216
7,070,492
708,391,069
204,661,094
913,052,163
111,521,491
125,532,607
82,634,351
66,529,068
17,134,177
11,555,465
22,586,151
14,132,655
11,074,659
23,333,923
18,152,800
19,720,274
36,601,977
8,320,754
26,208,435
7,153,063
17,694,059
11,251,230
36,259,088
5,966,456
30,146,018
6,353,268
8,920,211
6,279,008
6,166,166
64,317,846
4,667,266
1,371,395
1,324,628
1,515,972
7,665,668
1,424,000
6,667,085
15,616,088
13,621,533
20,510,975
1,524,445
871,454,255
210,223,207
1,081,677,462
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-34,862,725
-26,953,068
-24,237,915
-15,167,373
-9,343,202
-7,472,370
-7,277,915
-4,872,418
-4,729,800
-4,722,015
-3,941,187
-3,643,817
-3,225,349
-3,051,153
-2,775,702
-2,534,072
-2,527,975
-2,507,033
-2,458,975
-2,419,926
-1,979,295
-1,902,453
-1,714,363
-1,674,620
-1,671,988
-1427,961
-1,266,533
-1,262,959
-1,238,279
-1,227,973
1,102,418
1,393,025
2,314,303
3,100,037
3,431,157
4,240,241
5,546,047
-163,063,186
-5,562,113
-168,625,299
-31.26
-21.47
-29.33
-22.80
-54.53
-64.67
-32.22
-34.48
-42.71
-20.24
-21.71
-18.48
-8.81
-36.67
-10.59
-35.43
-14.29
-22.28
-6.78
-40.56
-6.57
-29.94
-19.22
-26.67
-27.12
-2.38
-27.14
-92.09
-93.48
-81.00
14.38
97.82
34.71
19.85
25.19
20.67
363.81
-18.71
-2.65
-15.59
215
-------
Comparing 1989 TRl to Previous Years
contributions to that state's 40.6-million-pound net reduction in off-site transfers:
Allied-Signal Inc. in Elizabeth and Raritan River Steel Company in Perth Amboy.
These two facilities together reported 33.0 million pounds less off-site transfers in
1989 than in 1988. Due to a process shut-down, the Allied-Signal facility alone
contributed 28.2 million pounds to this combined decrease. (See Figures 4-45 and 4-
46; Table 4-8; and Appendix F, Table F-13.)
Thirty-six additional states each showed a decrease in pounds of TRI chemicals
transferred off-site in 1989 as compared to 1988. For New York and California, the
state-wide decreases in off-site transfers represented percentage reductions of
almost one half (45 percent and 49 percent, respectively). (See Table 4-8.)
Wisconsin was associated with the largest state-wide increase in off-site transfers
between 1988 and 1989—8.9 million pounds (an increase from 29.5 million pounds
in 1988 to 38.4 million pounds in 1989). The three facilities reporting the largest
increases in off-site transfers in that state were two Waupaca Foundry Inc. facilities
in Waupaca and Charter Processing in Saukville, which respectively transported 8.7
(the combined total for the two Waupaca plants) and 2.0 million pounds more TRI
chemicals off site in 1989 than in 1988. (See Figures 4-45 and 4-47; Table 4-8; and
Appendix F, Table F-13.)
Minnesota facilities together showed the next highest state-wide increase in off-site
transfers. This 8.2-million-pound increase brought the state's off-site transfer total
up to 14.2 million pounds in 1989. Two 3M facilities were primarily accountable for
this state-wide increase in off-site transfers: 3M Chemolite Center in Cottage Grove,
with a 5.1-million-pound increase in off-site transfers, and 3M Consumer AV &
Consumer Products in Hutchinson, with a 2.8-million-pound increase. (See Appen-
dix F, Table F-13.)
Industrial Distribution
The most dramatic industry-wide changes in off-site transfers from 1988 to 1989
were associated with the Chemical and Primary Metals industries, the two industries
which also dominated off-site transfers in both 1988 and 1989. In both years, the
Chemical and Primary Metals industries accounted for 38 percent and 23 percent,
respectively, of total TRI off-site transfers. The Chemical industry decreased off-
site transfers the most between the two years, by 68.8 million pounds (from 416.3
million pounds in 1988 to 347.5 million pounds in 1989), while facilities in the
Primary Metals industry collectively reduced off-site transfers by 41.7 million
pounds to 213.1 million pounds in 1989. Four of the top five decreasing facilities for
off-site transfers from 1988 to 1989 were members of either the Chemical industry
(SIC 28) or Primary Metals industry (SIC 33): Allied-Signal Inc. (Elizabeth, New
Jersey, SIC 28), Ciba-Geigy Corporation (Queensbury, New York, SIC 28), Na-
tional Steel (Ecorse, Michigan, SIC 33), and Republic Engineered Steels Inc.
(Canton, Ohio, SIC 33). (See Figure 4-48; and Appendix F, Table F-13.)
The largest state-wide
increase in off-site transfers
from 1988 to 1989 occurred
in Wisconsin...
... and Minnesota showed
the 2nd-largest state-wide
increase.
The Chemical and Primary
Metals industries registered
the 2 largest decreases in
off-site transfers of TRI
chemicals from 1988 to 1989.
279
-------
Chapter 4
Table 4-24. TRl Carcinogens with Changes In Off-site Transfers Greater than 10,000 Pounds, 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
Asbestos (friable)
Dichloromethane
Chromium
Styrene
Potychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Chloroform
Tetrachloroethylene
Formaldehyde
Vinyl chloride
Benzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Nitrilotriacetic acid
Nickel
Carbon tetrachloride
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
Benzoic trichloride
2-Nitropropane
o-Toluidine
Ethyl acrylate
Lead
Acrylamide
Ethylcnc thiourea
1,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Cadmium
4,4'-Methyenedianiline
Hydrazine
1,3-Butadiene
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
1,2-Dibromoethane
Epichlorohydrin
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Arsenic
Acrylonitrile
Diaminotoluene (mixed isomers)
Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
1,2-Dichloroethane
Hexachlorobenzene
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.- strong acid process)
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL TRl CHEMICALS
OFF-SITE
1989 1988
Pounds Pounds
7,790,975
18,611,908
8,744,197
7,205,848
4,232,348
715,733
3,936,927
2,108,397
79,626
1,836,035
22,195
34,105
6,981,352
1,097,405
104,091
4,117
581
20,016
121,040
13,113,842
128,199
22,451
174,099
239,648
306,171
68,818
409,847
104,275
257,427
269,662
122,348
784,801
2,373,762
237,299
1,310,242
1,104,838
500,636
2,608,364
1,452,751
1,435,377
90,671,753
91,010,177
913,052,163
17,134,177
23333,923
11,251,230
8,920,211
5,104,473
1,470,764
4,587,357
2,711,924
653,787
2,311,959
224,205
191,003
7,072,445
1,184,831
138,882
22,572
13,695
32,170
108,666
13,097,200
110,540
2,500
152,618
217,612
280,887
43,123
365,217
57,075
205,846
202,580
33,861
649,564
2,233,846
64,219
1,099,741
745,795
124^78
2,132,084
964,719
820,681
110,072,360
110,400,194
1,081,677,462
CHANGE
1988-1989
Pounds Percent
-9,343,202
-4,722,015
-2,507,033
-1,714,363
-872,125
-755,031
-650,430
-603,527
-574,161
-475,924
-202,010
-156,898
-91,093
-87,426
-34,791
-18,455
-13,114
-12,154
12,374
16,642
17,659
19,951
21,481
22,036
25,284
25,695
44,630
47,200
51,581
67,082
88,487
135,237
139,916
173,080
210,501
359,043
376,258
476,280
488,032
614,696
-19,400,607
-19,390,017
-168,625,299
-54.53
-20.24
-22.28
-19.22
-17.09
-51.34
-14.18
-22.25
-87.82
-20.59
-90.10
-82.14
-1.29
-7.38
-25.05
-81.76
-95.76
-37.78
11.39
0.13
15.98
798.04
14.08
10.13
9.00
59.59
12.22
82.70
25.06
33.11
261.32
20.82
6.26
269.52
19.14
48.14
302.51
22.34
50.59
74.90
-17.63
-17.56
-15.59
220
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous If ears
Dichtoromethane
Chromium
Asbestos (friable)
Styrene
Polychlorhated Mphenybt
(PCBs)
TetrachkhroeUiytene
Formaldehyde
Isopropyl alcohol (mlg-strong
acid process)
Chloroform
Vinyl chloride
•6-5-4-3-2
Change in Millions of Pounds
Figure 4-44. TRI Carcinogens with Changes in Off-site Transfers Greater than 500,000 Pounds, 1988-1989.
(Carcinogens shown in descending order according to 1989 off-site transfer totals.)
Fourteen additional industries were associated with decreases in off-site transfers
from 1988 to 1989, while only a total of six industries showed increases. In only two
of the latter cases were the industry-wide increases greater than 1 million pounds
each. The industry-wide increases in off-site transfers for some industries were
dwarfed by many of the industry-wide decreases in off-site transfers for others. For
example, the decrease reported by the Chemical industry was 17 times greater than
the increase reported by the largest increasing industry for off-site transfers, the
Miscellaneous Manufacturing industry (SIC code 39). Furthermore, the top seven
industries for decreases of off-site transfers from 1988 to 1989 were each associated
with changes greater than the increase seen for the Miscellaneous industry. (See
Figure 4-48 and Table 4-11.)
14 more industries showed
decreases in off-site
transfers from 1988 to 1989.
227
-------
Chapter 4
Facility Name
National Steel (Ml)
Waupaca Foundry Inc. (Wl)
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
(OH)
Genesis Polymers (Ml)
Keystone Steel & Wire Co. (IL)
Occidental Chemical Corp.
CTX)
Clba-GeIgyCorp.(NY)
Republic Engineered Steels
Inc. (OH)
Allied-Signal Inc. (NJ)
International Paper (LA)
-25
-20
-IS -10 -5
Change in Millions of Pounds
10
Figure 4-45. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Off-site Transfers, 1988-1989. (Facilities reporting the
five greatest increases and the five greatest decreases in off-site transfers, shown in descending order according to
1989 offsite transfer totals.)
•30 -25 -20 -15
Decrease in Millions of Pounds
Figure 4-46. States with Decreases In TRI Off-site Transfers Greater than 5 Million Pounds, 1988-1989.
(States shown in descending order according to 1989 off-site transfer totals.)
222
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
3456
Changa in Millions of Pounds
Figure 4-47. States with Increases in TRI Off-site Transfers Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989.
(States shown in descending order according to 1989 off-site transfer totals.)
Industry (SIC Code)
Chemicals (28)
Primary Metals (33)
Fabr. Metals (34)
Transportation (37)
Electrical (36)
Plastics (30)
Paper (26)
Machinery (35)
Stone/Clay (32)
Miscellaneous (39)
Petroleum (29)
No codes 20-39
Printing (27)
Furniture (25)
Food (20)
Lumber (24)
•60
-50
•40 -30 -20
Change in Millions of Pounds
10
Figure 4-48. Industries with Changes in TRI Off-site Transfers Greater than 1 Million Pounds, 1988-1989.
(Industries shown in descending order according to 1989 off-site transfer totals.)
225
-------
Chapter 4
NOTES
1. Comparisons of TRI data are complicated by the fact that each year some facilities are entering the
system for the first time, and other facilities are dropping out Furthermore, a particular facility may
report a given chemical in only one of two years. A change between years that appears to be an
increase or a decrease may be entirely or in part the result of these changes in reporting. If a facility
repotted in 1988 but not in 1989, it is counted as a decrease in this report. Similarly, a facility
reporting on a chemical in 1989 but not in 1988 is counted as an increase. (See Box 4- A for possible
reasons why an individual facility may not report the same chemical in two different years or may
not report to TRI at all in one of two years.) For these reasons, in the second TRI national report
(1988), when comparing data for 1987 and 1988, a subset of the total data was examined. This
subset consisted of "matched data," data for chemicals reported in both years by facilities that
reported in both years. A subset ("matched data") of the overall TRI data was not analyzed for this
report because overall totals for 1988 and 1989 were not sufficiently different than the totals from
the subsets of matched facilities and matched chemicals to warrant the complexities of a three-year
analysis of "matched" data. (See Chapter 8 for further discussion of facilities and forms reported in
one or more years and for methods of analysis.)
2. Only facilities which manufacture isopropyl alcohol by the "strong acid process" are required to
report. However, since this method of manufacture has been replaced, to a large extent, by other
manufacturing processes, some of the releases and transfers reported to TRI may have been reported
in error.
3. Prior to 1989 reporting, sodium hydroxide (solution) was deleted from the TRI chemical list. Because
this chemical represented the single base in this TRI class, the chemical class name "acids/bases/
salts", used in the 1987 and 1988 National Reports, has been changed to "mineral acids/salts"
throughout this report. See Chapter 2, Box 2-A,{old number} for further discussion of TRI chemical
delistings.
4. The TRI chemical classes are: non-halogenated organics; mineral acids/salts; metals and metal
compounds; halogenated organics; and'non-metallic inorganics. (See Chapter 3.) In figures and
tables throughout this report, class names are abbreviated as: organics; mineral acids/salts; metals;
halo-organics; and non-metals.
5. From report prepared by Information Research for the Louisiana Chemical Association, Louisiana
Chemical Industry Emissions Report, 1988-1989: A Compilation and Comparison of Toxic Release
Inventory Data, Baton Rouge, October 1990.
6. Releases to surface impoundments include only those intended for "final disposal."
7. Much of the ammonium sulfate (solution) probably resulted from the addition of sulfuric acid to an
ammonia-laden wastestream to neutralize it The salt thus produced (ammonium sulfate (solution))
primarily affects water quality by the introduction of ammonia.
8. This recycle/reuse "loophole" will close with calendar year 1991 reports, due July 1, 1992. (See
Chapter 5.)
224
-------
Comparing 1989 TRI to Previous Years
Photo: Daniel J. Kasztelan
225
-------
22(5
Photo: General Dynamics
-------
CHAPTER 5. POLLUTION PREVENTION
INTRODUCTION
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is one of several recent tools that is helping the
public, legislative bodies, and industry better understand the nature and magnitude
of chemicals in the environment, spurring new approaches to environmental protec-
tion. In the early years of the environmental movement, efforts focused upon
regulatory action to control where and how chemical wastes would enter the air,
land, and water. More recently, efforts have shifted from the control of pollution to
the prevention of pollution. In this decade, the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, the
Clean Air Act Amendments, and other governmental as well as private initiatives
will provide a new approach to the management of toxic chemicals in our commu-
nities. TRI will be a valuable tool in the measurement of this change, because it will
provide information on efforts by reporting facilities to prevent or reduce toxic
chemical pollution.
Source reduction (also called pollution prevention), is the prevention or reduction of
pollution at the place of its origin. Source reduction is the option of choice in the
waste management hierarchy because it eliminates or reduces the amount of waste
that must be managed in the future. In order of preference, the waste management
hierarchy consists of the following actions: source reduction, recycling, treatment,
and disposal (including storage) or any other direct release to the environment,
making disposal or other release into the environment the least desirable option.
Under current TRI reporting requirements, facilities have the option to provide
information on waste minimization activities for reported chemicals. Waste mini-
mization activities include both source reduction and recycling. The current op-
tional section of Form R allows respondent facilities to provide the following four
data elements: an indication of the type of waste minimization activity undertaken;
estimates of the quantities of the TRI chemical in wastes generated in both the
current reporting year and the prior year or the percentage change from the prior year
quantity with an indication if the change was an increase or a decrease; an index of
activity or production level directly related to the reported chemical at the facility;
and, an indication of the reason why the waste minimization activity was imple-
mented. The facility may report either a percentage change or the actual "wastes
generated" in both the current and prior years. The waste generated is the pounds of
a TRI chemical contained in a facility's wastestream before any on-site treatment or
disposal occurs or before the wastes are transferred to a publicly owned treatment
work (POTW) or other off-site facility for treatment, reuse, or disposal. (See Figure
5-1.)
Because this section of the TRI reporting form contains information that was
voluntarily submitted, these data have several limitations. Many facilities with
decreases in releases and transfers from 1988 to 1989, as well as prior years, did not
TRI will help assess
pollution prevention efforts.
Source reduction makes the
prevention of pollution a
priority over waste treat-
ment.
The TRI Form R currently
contains a voluntary waste
minimization reporting
section.
227
-------
Chapters
8. POLLUTION PREVENTION: OPTIONAL INFORMATION ON WASTE MINIMIZATION
(Indicate actions taken to reduce the amount of the chemical being released from the facility. See the instructions for coded
Items and an explanation of what information to Include.)
A. Type of
Modification
(enter code!
IE
B. Quantity of the Chemical in Wastes
Prior to Treatment or Disposal
Current Prior I Or percent change
reporting year i (Check (+) or (-))
year (pounds/year) i pi +
(pounds/year) i 1=1
1 U" *
C. Index
D.D
D. Reason for Action
(enter code)
DD
Figure 5-1. The Optional Waste Minimization Section of TRI Form R, 1989.
Of all facilities reporting to
TRI In 1989,11% reported
attempts to minimize TRI
chemical wastes.
provide waste minimization data and their decreases in TRI releases and transfers
may have occurred for reasons other than waste minimization. The data, therefore,
do not provide reliable national estimates of the total quantity of wastes minimized,
nor do they provide a reliable basis for making conclusions regarding the most
commonly used minimization methods or the reasons for which waste minimization
was undertaken. The data do provide valuable insights into the potential avenues by
which waste minimization can be achieved, reasons for implementation within
individual facilities, and methods of assessing the success of programs to reduce
wastes.
The remainder of this chapter contains three distinct analyses. The first section
discusses which of the top TKLfacilities reported the voluntary waste minimization
data. The second section analyzes quantities of change in waste generation between
1988 and 1989, as reported on a subset of forms with sufficient waste minimization
data for quantitative analysis. Finally, the third section looks at cumulative changes
in waste generation over the four-year period between 1986 and 1989, which can be
derived from a subset of forms from facilities that reported waste minimization on
the same chemical in 1987,1988 and 1989.
These analyses of TRI waste minimization data are followed by a description of the
Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 and its initial implementation, including a preview
of how these legislative requirements will affect future analyses of changes in waste
generation. Such a preview takes into account future increased TRI waste minimi-
zation reporting, which will be mandatory rather than voluntary.
FACILITIES REPORTING WASTE MINIMIZATION
Eleven percent of all TRI facilities, or 2,415 out of the 22,569 TRI facilities that
filed forms in 1989, reported attempts to minimize TRI chemical wastes containing
one or more of the chemicals reported to TRI. The forms containing waste
minimization information represented 6 percent of all TRI forms submitted for 1989
(4,845 TRI forms out of a total of 81,891 filed forms). These levels of waste
minimization reporting were very similar to those in 1987 and 1988. (Note that
waste minimization is reported for one TRI chemical per form.)
228
-------
Ten of the 50 facilities reporting the largest releases and transfers for 19 89—and two
of the top five facilities—reported waste minimization data on at least one of the
TRI chemicals they reported. American Cyanamid Company, the second-ranked
facility (a Chemical Products manufacturer in Westwego, Louisiana), reported
waste minimization on three of the 23 chemicals it reported in 1989. Fourth-ranked
Vulcan Chemicals (a Chemical Products facility in Wichita, Kansas) reported waste
minimization on two of its 28 TRI chemicals. (See Table 5-1.)
Seven other facilities out of the top 50 reported waste minimization, including Du
Pont facilities in New Johnsonville, Tennessee and Pass Christian, Mississippi;
Atochem in Wichita, Kansas; Allied Signal in Hopewell, Virginia; Arcadian
Corporation in Geismar, Louisiana; National Steel Corporation in Portage, Indiana;
Union Oil Company in Kenai, Alaska; and Herculaneum Smelter in Herculaneum,
Missouri. Herculaneum Smelter and National Steel Corporation are both Primary
Metals facilities; all the other facilities are Chemical manufacturers.
Pollution Prevention
10 of the 50 top TRI facilities
reported waste minimization
data.
WASTE MINIMIZATION DATA REPORTED IN 1989
Creating a Subset
Although 6 percent of all TRI forms submitted in 1989 had some waste minimiza-
tion data, the full set of waste minimization forms could not be analyzed for
information on the volumes of waste reduced. Many forms did not contain volume
data or contained incomplete data. For this reason, a subset of waste minimization
forms was chosen that met the following criteria:
• contained data on the volume of the TRI chemical in the wastes generated in the
current (1989) and prior year (1988), prior to any on-site treatment, and
• contained a production index.
A total of 2,240 forms out of the total 4,845 waste minimization forms met the above
criteria and was included in the subset.
The subset of 1989 waste
minimization forms reported
waste generation and
production data for 1988
and 1989.
A total of 2,240 forms was
included in mis subset.
Reported Waste Minimization of TRI Chemicals in Waste
The 2,240 waste minimization forms for 1989 included in the subset reported
amounts of certain TRI chemicals in waste generated for both 1988 and 1989. TRI
chemical waste generation for the subset was 514.2 million pounds in 1988 and
445.2 million pounds in 1989, accounting for an overall reduction of 13 percent
(69.0 million pounds).1 (See Figure 5-2.)
Voluntary waste minimiza-
tion information showed a
13% reduction In waste
generation, 1988-1989.
229
-------
Chapters
Table 5-1
. Top 50 Facilities for TRI Total Transfers and Releases, Showing Waste Minimization Forms Reported, 1989.
TO RELEASE
AND TRANSFER
RANK(.)
1989 1988 1937
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
S
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
1
2
5
6
4
7
10
13
11
IS
14
20
18
16
22
28
26
17
29
—
36
45
12
42
24
35
23
31
27
37
19
39
38
57
75
54
30
9
32
25
50
44
49
56
8
41
34
80
47
43
3
1
8
12
6
7
27
9
11
30
18
21
20
19
32
38
28
17
33
—
39
48
40
49
41
24
14
51
45
64
22
31
42
95
69
72
36
15
23
25
—
71
305
4
13
34
29
110
58
88
SIC
CODE
28
28
33
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
33
28
28
38
28
28
28
33
28
33
33
33
28
Mult
33
28
28
28
29
28
33
FACILITY NAME
Monsanto Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
Magnesium Cotp. of America
Vulcan Chemicals
Dn Pont Beaumont Works
BP Chemicals
Inland Steel Co.
DuPont
BP Chemicals Inc.
AtocbemNA. — Racon Facility
Colombian Chemicals Co.
Tennessee Eastman Co.
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Du Pont Dclislc Plant
BASF Corp.
DuPont
Asarcolnc.
Allied Signal
Du Pont Victoria Site
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Cotp. (b)
Ffltrol Corp.
3M Consumer AV & Consumer Products
Triad Chemical
BASF Corp.
Monsanto Co.
Monsanto Co.
Arcadian Corp.
National Steel Corp.
The Upjohn Co.
Phclps Dodge Mining Co.
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
Union Oil Co.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Du Pont Sabine River Works
Texasgulflnc.
3M
National Steel
FrccportMcMoran,Agrico Chemical Div.
Herculaneum Smelter
Asarcolnc.
Copper Range Co.
Pfizer Pigments Inc.
EUoem Metals Co.
Kennecott Utah Copper
Frecport McMoran, Agrico Chemical Div.
Air Products Mfg. Corp.
Coastal Chem Inc.
Amoco Oil Co.
Mississippi Chemical Corp.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
dry
Alvin
Westwego
Tocele
Wichita
Beaumont
Port Lava ca
East Chicago
New Johnsonvfl
Lima
Wichita
Saint Louis
Kingsport
Letnoyne
Pass Christian
Gcismar
Louisville
East Helena
HopeweU
Victoria
Mulbeny
Vcmon
Hutchinson
Donaldsonvflle
Lowland
Cantonment
Caholda
Geismar
Portage
Kalamazoo
Playas
Texas City
Kcnai
Rochester
Orange
Aurora
Cordova
Ecorse
DonaldsonvQIe
Herculaneum.
Haydcn
White Pine
East Saint Louis
Marietta
Binghsm Canyo
Uncle Sam
Pasadena
Cheyenne
Texas City
Yazoo City
Claypool
COUNTY STATE
Brazoria
Jefferson
Tooele
Sedgwick
Jefferson
Calboun
Lake
Humphreys
Allen
Sedgwick
St Louis
Sullivan
Mobile
Harrison
Ascension
Jefferson
Lewis And Oar
Hopewell City
Victoria
Polk
Los Angeles
McLcod
Ascension
Hamblen
Bscanibia
StQair
Ascension
Porter
Kalamazoo
Hidalgo
Galveston
Kenai Peninsul
Monroe
Orange
Beaufort
Rock bland
Wayne
Ascension
Jefferson
Gfla
Ontonagon
StQair
Washington
Salt Lake
St lames
Harris
Laramie
Galveston
Yazoo
Gila
TX
LA
UT
KS
TX
TX
IN
TN
OH
KS
MO
TN
AL
MS
LA
KY
MT
VA
TX
FL
CA
MN
LA
TN
FL
IL
LA
IN
MI
NM
TX
AK
NY
TX
NC
IL
MI
LA
MO
AZ
MI
IL
OH
UT
LA
TX
WY
TX
MS
AZ
TOTAL
RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
206,533,205
192,350,800
119,060,425
92,349,716
88,094,984
65,543,672
57,273,300
57,022345
56,731350
54,505.751
52,461,020
45,253,659
44397,570
42,517,217
40,802,088
39,829,058
36,615,059
34,748,970
32314,457
32,013,400
29,595,850
28,998,967
26,152,046
25.624,950
25,622,958
25,261353
24,967,500
24,586,030
22,997,339
20,847,699
20,574,970
18,558,521
18,123,187
18,010,133
17,852,400
17,631,532
17,562,820
17.254,750
17,110,851
16,574,800
16,330,870
16,071,496
15,771,470
15,473,300
15,410,826
15,190,634
15,133,055
14,217,928
14,176,423
13,660,904
1,975,763,608
3,729,906,772
5,705,670,380
Percent
3.62
3.37
2.09
1.62
1.54
1.15
1.00
1.00
0.99
036
0.92
0.79
0.78
0.75
0.72
0.70
0.64
0.61
0.57
0.56
0.52
0.51
OA6
OAS
OAS
0/44
OM
043
040
037
036
0.33
032
0.32
0.31
0.31
031
030
030
0.29
0.29
0.28
0.28
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.25
0.25
0.24
34.63
6537
100.00
FORMS
Number
23
23
5
28
35
24
34
10
24
10
4
81
8
8
36
13
10
17
32
I
4
17
6
9
22
20
9
5
29
7
31
8
69
35
7 '
29
26
6
9
8
6
8
8
14
5
12
9
25
8
12
889
81,002
81,891
FORMS WITH
WASTE
MINIMI-
ZATION
Number
0
3
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
4,819
4,845
(•)—Ind&ale* facilities that did not report in that year.
(b) Kauer Aluminum i Chemical Corp. has submitted a revision to TRI regarding their 1989 releases and transfers. The revised amount for their total releases and transfers is 4,487,000
poondj.
230
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Pollution Prevention
Millions of Pounds
600
1988 1989
I TRI Wastes Generated OD Absolute Change
Projected 1989
Relative Change
Figure 5-2. Absolute and Relative Change in TRI Waste Generation, 1988-1989 (for subset of 2,240 forms.
Facilities in the waste minimization subset also provided production index data with
their forms. The production index is an indicator selected by the facility (such as
number of cars produced, pounds of chemicals produced, or other factors as
appropriate) to quantify overall levels of production activity as associated with the
reported chemical. The production index is reported as a ratio of current year to prior
year production: if production has doubled, the production index is 2.0; if it has
halved, the index is 0.5; if it has not changed, the index is 1.0.
The production index provides an important additional perspective to TRI waste
minimization data. The waste volumes reported above represent absolute changes in
waste generation for the current and prior year, that is, changes in the amount of the
TRI chemical in wastes at a facility without regard to changes in production.
Another way to examine the data is to use production indices to calculate relative
changes in waste generation, or, rather, examine waste generated as a function of a
facility's production level. Waste generation data for the current year are evaluated
to determine whether more, less, or equal waste generation took place that year
relative to what would be expected by the relationship between the prior year's
production level and the volume of the TRI chemical in wastes generated then. (See
Box 5-A.)
The production Index allows
the change in waste
generation to be compared
to the change In level of
production associated with
the reported chemical.
231
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Chapters
•• * v.tft. *• -- -. j«* ** % „ , /
^ ^ > ^^••^ v •*••• <"Xv^ w* •• \-- •" -•'"«.• •.:••.•. ** f f f
BOX 5*A, ABSOU;f i^M& f&iA? IVS WAST6 MINIMIZATION: THE »ACT *
OF pR
tioo, llw
*/v.sv -»AKi*^«** 5 '
".'$.j s^^^ssr^^
• ^"Xj
iRpjet of a mo^&isiMim w pofttcttoft, a large increase l»
c^^j&i^tt&d la If^fftrllte t«&> yeses. 1£8&
ffyff..f "" ' •* •
v ff m> ^ ^/ "JW-\v«»">« '' % ' f
* b '•K'V' ^'••f' s s ^ -.-vv-vvv: ^^ v ,.
{> A MD£BS£EfCEt13A5$&f mOPlfCIIOM
-', ,jr,^?,t--; ss"*?*,?>C/X>,/,'' '
* i:x '' ^^S-l-^'l,--" '\ ""•• 'K-.^\r-. "7^1^^:T*>^-x >•. ^-> ^ ^ .• ^
eauseafekuvetRcrea^eiffwast^geaeratecl. -
«p •.-.•.•.,'•
fs jaioduction increase wa« not so lar$$as to
""•*'
252
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Pollution Prevention
%e Wcic^lBrdlifer<;6Maaaract«i!av^ cesapaR? ift forest Oa»Mb Q&&aa*&pte&& w^teHiiaisdzatoa tfotalar
4& cbetnical ft***** Tins facE^ r^porfed that p«d*5ac« assoclafei urtit tbe r^ -* ^— -* —" lw-BISto
faction tnde^
waste
+SJ94 pounds
a|>sol»fechanplt>
, waste geaeraied %
,, actual
prodactlott prtpscted V
ge n
waste
genferafed. Hie'ealcuMoa
&& aeteal ara^dt of toluene wastes
fei w a telattve decrease ai waste geagrafeu shows ttiat Respite Increased
ion 5|i4E€&£ASB m f«MD»OICpON
"J!he ^iglnefenaf:^a&teneis J>iviskfa of&e'Baton. Cbipdrattoate Ciacinaa^<^io^i«|fe^ed waste latoiajizatioa
ffitfeo«etfeaRe fit Ms faci% decreased foam l'£B8 to I&S^ by 26 percent (prodaeifes* insdex of 6.a^
Waste GeBeratiOn HI 198& ^000 pOoads
Waste Oewratloifi m 1989? *"
255
-------
Chapters
B0X$^,$'
, ^^:S%^::*M *^:
, feo^ew, tfts «moont of
"
The subset showed a net
24% relative reduction In
waste generated from 1988
to 1989.
Relative change in waste generation between 1988 and 1989 (quantity of waste
prevented if the relative change is a negative one, or a reduction) can be calculated
in a two step process.2 First, the production index for 1989 is multiplied by the actual
amount of waste generated in 1988, resulting in the 1989 projected waste, the
amount of waste expected if no waste minimization took place. The amount of
projected waste for 1989 is then subtracted from the actual amount of waste
produced in 1989, revealing the amount of relative change between the two years.
(See Box 5-A.) Because waste minimization reporting is presently voluntary, in
most cases the relative change will indicate a decrease in waste generation.
However, in some instances the change in waste generation shows a relative
increase, perhaps because the facility chose to report the results of waste minimiza-
tion efforts even when those efforts were not entirely successful. For 1988-89 the net
relative change for all the facilities in the subset was a decrease of 141.9 million
pounds, that is, a relative reduction of 141.9 mOlion pounds, or 24 percent.
The amount of the overall relative change in waste generation for 1988-89 (a
reduction of 141.9 million pounds) differed from the absolute change (a reduction of
69.0 million pounds) because the effect of production increases (production index
greater than 1.0) for some facilities outweighed the impact of decreases (production
234
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Pollution Prevention
index less than 1.0) for others. (See Figure 5-2.) In other words, although production
at certain facilities or industries may have declined, overall production at TRI
facilities in this waste minimization subset increased between 1988 and 1989, and
the decrease in waste generated per unit of product was not enough to offset it. This
increase in production indicates that increases in TRI releases and transfers at some
facilities may occur at the same time as legitimate waste minimization efforts. Both
relative and absolute changes can be significant, for different reasons: the relative
change may be more relevant for assessing a facility's progress in waste minimiza-
tion efforts, whereas the absolute change may be more relevant for characterizing
the potential impact of the industry's present activities involving the TRI chemical.
An example of production increases with an associated increase in waste generation
is the Alcan Powders and Pigments company in Union, New Jersey, which increased
its generation of copper in wastes by 42,003 pounds between 1988 and 1989, yet
during the same period increased its production associated with the use of copper by
40 percent. (That is, the production index for 1989 compared to 1988 was 1.4.) The
amount of absolute change was a waste increase of 42,003 pounds. Yet because the
wastes increased by a lesser amount than would be expected on the basis of the
production increase, the facility experienced a relative reduction of 1,465 pounds.
It should be noted that calculations of relative change based on production indices
have certain limitations. Such calculations assume the amount of waste generated is
directly related to production levels and source reduction or recycling activities only
and is not affected by other factors, such as accidental spills, rainfall producing run-
off from the site, or the purity of raw materials. Box 5-B discusses these limitations
in more detail.
BOX 3-8/1
CHANGE IN WASTE C3ENEBATIOM OVER TIME
"'-< Calcafeaioas of dtaftie 8r$#as*e gtmt&itywm&m. fcy# aeuaatals of a T&I £&aaJeal la wMes ^wtueli were
measured or estimaled at |w different poiots la fitne, Hie limitations in the iRterprelatioR Q| ihese numbers
* "M & Yake'Mtiie <£M&&Ibsed^ &sm aanabees S8e«idjse.j^pt ia mlad ylien exaafeiag t6e 4a*a «id
Absolute Change Ix
tniwo
also be daejia parl; to such factors f«di 3$;
[ ii9
-------
Chapters
catend;
to sseoiBe effective in *aJuetKg aefeai wastes, jtesl recalls in tbe
aet&I^^ " ' ' '
"
* Kflte aaetbods ofestltaaliatm
' s •* f •.
aittjcwat of w$ste generated.
RelativeCbang^;^ ^f-^'^v ,, ,-
In
relative change feased on.8'prodietion index assumes |hat, other IhiRgs being equal, the total amount of wai5$e
. i > „_.- -^g^^-^^^g ejected; tojncrease as jwodaettok rises j i *..± j,r whete sufface water^fschatps come
frOin 8{CTm^un^rt/i^S/|d'ch c^^e fee Amount of waste is relaj^d fy fee 8nioiHj|<)f rainfaE |» a^veu year;
more accideatafsplf|| i» «$|^«ar thaa. aaotbejp cause aatoea^o/^^eW is the
i
» Over th^ s§ti|ittt6Hn q^jT^w ^ears'chaii^es in thepreHliietLoB fffopess ijself may not afliaiat waste ^aaerstioa S$ i
ficantl|^aS;sBw^j^bo|jatt'adl itecycltetg aettvia.es, However; ^|5?inf prodloetloft. lai^ce^ to a.t>ase ym. \
Or sfofyeai! In 5fee;;paf|: Jnsy not le apprc^Hiate if iniap 'other than p-odaetim levels 'have cli^n^ed "\
' ' ""' ~ '-•-'• 3
ftgp^oioBiSe a $ani way efoaage th'e Ij-peofpedttct it tnanafactaue^ so tftattfeeTRl cbetnleal is I
^*** *"***•"**** »***&>»«>»«* ««.«*«. »i«.«<^»fa»4»«i«A / ' ;
n an en
"
236
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Pollution Prevention
Geographical Distribution
Within the waste minimization subset, facilities in Louisiana reported waste mini-
mization data showing the largest overall amounts of both absolute and relative
waste reduction. Utah facilities reported the second highest level of absolute waste
reduction, while Missouri facilities reported the second highest level of relative
waste reduction. Fourteen of the top 20 waste minimization states had greater
relative than absolute waste decreases (indicating increased levels of production for
the facilities reporting waste minimization in those states). (See Figure 5-3 and
Table 5-2.)
In addition to Louisiana and Utah, facilities in six other states reported more than
four million pounds of absolute waste reduction each: Missouri, Virginia, Michigan,
Pennsylvania, North Carolina and Ohio. Facilities in Nevada, Oregon, and Montana
reported reducing their TRI wastes by more than 70 percent, while facilities in two
additional states, Maine and Utah, reduced their wastes by more than half.
Waste Minimization by Industry
Within the waste minimization subset, facilities in the Primary Metals industry
reported the largest amounts of absolute waste reduction (31.1 million pounds, for
a 27 percent decrease), and the second largest amounts of relative waste reduction
(areduction of 28.8 million pounds, or a25 percent decrease) in 1989. The Chemical
Louisiana facilities reported
the largest absolute and
relative reduction In the
subset.
Primary Metals facilities
reported the largest absolute
waste reduction, while
Chemical facilities had the
largest relative waste
reduction.
Millions of Pounds
LA UT MO VA Ml PA NC OH CA NJ TN AK OR IL AR TX NY OK GA Wl
• Absolute Change EH Relative Change
Figure 5-3. The 20 States Reporting the Largest Absolute Decrease in TRI Waste
Generation, 1988-1989 (for subset of 2,240 forms).
237
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Chapters
Table 5-2. TRI Waste Minimization Data by State (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989.
STATE FACILITIES
Number
Louisiana
Utah
Missouri
Virgin!.
Michigan
Pennsylvania
North Carolina
Ohio
California
New Jersey
Tennessee
Alaska
Oregon
Illinois
Arkansas
Texas
NewYoric
Oklahoma
Georgia
Wisconsin
Iowa
Mississippi
South Carolina
Florida
Massachusetts
Colorado
Idaho
West Virginia
Rhode Island
Maine
Arizona
Delaware
Washington
Maryland
Minnesota
Nebraska
Connecticut
New Hampshire
Vermont
New Mexico
Nevada
South Dakota
Wyoming
Montana
Virgin Islands
American Samoa
District of Columbia
Hawaii
North Dakota
Indiana
Kansas
Puerto Rico
Alabama
Kentucky
22
8
27
25
45
62
72
93
110
72
34
1
13
60
19
51
54
15
38
25
25
19
21
25
48
16
4
7
16
14
18
5
28
14
13
7
31
11
5
2
2
4
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
35
14
14
14
13
FORMS
Number
46
11
46
54
79
131
140
189
174
130
62
1
29
92
45
107
79
28
55
51
42
29
33
54
68
28
6
13
23
23
41
7
50
27
16
8
47
13
6
2
3
5
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
50
21
22
22
28
RELEASES WASTE GENERATED
AND TRANSFERS 1989 1988
1989
Pounds Pounds Pounds
42,941,366
349,767
18,121,554
37,883,079
7,626,594
24,625,847
11,283,450
9,837,068
4,094,407
10378,750
17,054,158
18,548,021
802302
3,524,654
5315,790
6/455,000
3,905,586
2,758,829
1,752,644
1,500,030
4,762,459
6,592,365
2,734,865
1,299,653
2,169,239
1,007,090
3345,556
781,412
941,922
352,108
700,867
923,405
1,520,775
1,086,354
543,090
313,403
2,729,540
748,631
70,816
187,964
4,603
56368
750
12,540
0
0
0
0
32,701
26,585,441
56,708,091
3,713,807
1,427,920
428,890
52,489398
10363,856
17,878,036
38331,880
7,684,916
28307,940
13,514393
11,685,099
38,925,764
14,101,786
17307,600
18^93,625
877,459
4,611,203
4,829,429
7399,151
3,897,964
2,486,388
1389,705
1,942,384
2,818,379
6,628,999
4,017,286
2,009,997
3393,601
1,139,960
3377,494
1,019,881
676,675
435,080
823,188
923,005
1,668,102
1,018,064
572,935
314,619
3,245,090
714353
84,212
119315
4,603
57,867
5,600
1,176
0
0
0
0
31,951
6,035,685
57,407,222
8,071,123
13,613,716
28,123,667
65,466,927
23,067,762
30,185,887
50381,429
12,915,466
33,157,040
18,228,974
15,876,959
42,147345
17,197,043
20,157,119
20,811,999
3,054,882
6,263,041
6358,084
8,855,991
5339,319
3,918,835
2,901,773
3,149,000
3,966,783
7,628,874
4,946,767
2,833,780
4,209,744
1,854,863
3,973,436
1357,136
1,123,002
879,698
1,190,899
1,243,532
1,975,665
1322,405
857379
465306
3393,384
831,922
130,405
133,837
18,133
63317
10,000
4,140
0
0
0
0
31,620
3,812,766
54,930333
5,189,454
10,450,700
5,710,905
ABSOLUTE
CHANGE(a)
Pounds Percent
-12,977329
-12,703,906
-12307,851
-12,049349
-5,230,550
-4,849,100
-4,714,581
-4,191,860
-3,221,781
-3,095,257
-2,849,519
-2,218,374
-2,177,423
-1,651,838
-1328,655
-1,456,840
-1,441,355
-1,432,447
-1312,068
-1,206,616
-1,148,404
-999,875
-929,481
-823,783
-816,143
-714,903
-595,942
-537,255
-446327
-444,618
-367,711
-320327
-307363
-304341
-284,444
-150,887
-148,294
-117369
-46,193
-14322
-13330
-5,450
-4,400
-2,964
0
0
0
0
331
2,222,919
2,476,889
2,881,669
3,163,016
22,412,762
-19.82
-55.07
-40.77
-23.92
-40.50
-14.62
-25.86
-26.40
-7.64
-18.00
-14.14
-10.66
-71.28
-26.37
-24.04
-16.45
-27.00
-36.55
-45.22
-38.32
-28.95
-13.11
-18.79
-29.07
-19.39
-38.54
-15.00
-34.50
-39.74
-50.54
-30.88
-25.78
-15.57
-23.01
-33.18
-32.41
-4.37
-14.13
-35.42
-10.70
-74.62
-8.61
-44.00
-71.59
1.05
58.30
4.51
55.53
30.27
392.46
PROJECTED RELATIVE
1989 WASTE CHANGE(c)
GENERATTON(b)
Pounds Pounds Percent
74,400,209
14,633,032
33,290,642
50,621,727
20,712,159
34375,727
18,623,968
16308335
39,089,206
19309,921
21,624372
18,730,799
3,728,271
8,012,850
5,833,215
9,855,713
5392,217
2,964,055
2380,206
4,227,984
3,714,045
13,087,140
5,079,562
2,809,743
4,942,070
2,186,897
3,992,785
1,938,080
951,660
826313
1359,533
1331,255
2,097,123
1321,965
859,096
448356
3353,206
872,192
105,790
125,253
17,727
57,685
6,000
2,070
0
0
0
0
25,298
3,835,691
62,216,822
7334,018
14313,143
42,896,041
-21,910,811
-4,269,176
-15,412,606
-12,289,847
-13,027,243
-6,067,787
-5,109,575
-4,823,236
-163,442
-5,408,135
-4316,972
-137,174
-2,850,812
-3,401,647
-1,003,786
-2,456,562
-1,494,253
-477,667
-790301
-2,285,600
-895,666
-6,458,141
-1,062,276
-799,746
-1348,469
-1,046,937
-615,291
-918,199
-274,985
-391,233
-536345
-408,250
-429,021
-303,901
-286,161
-133,937
-308,116
-157,839
-21378
-5,738
-13,124
182
-400
-894
0
0
0
0
6,653
2,199,994
-4,809,600
537,105
-699,427
-14,772374
-29.45
-29.17
-46.30
-24.28
-62.90
-17.65
-27.44
-29.22
-0.42
-27.72
-19.96
-0.73
-76.46
-42.45
-17.211
-24.93
-27.71
-16.12
-33.21
-54.06
-24.12
-49.35
-20.91
-28.46
-31.33
-47.87
-15.41.
-47.38
-29.90
-47.35
-39.45
-30.67
-20.46
-22.99
-33.31
-29.86
-8.67
-18.10
-20.40
-4.58
-74.03
0.32
-6.67
-43.19
26.30
57.36
-7.73.
7.13.
-4.89
-34.44.
TOTAL
1,275
2,240 350,541321 445,171,021 514,175,460 -69,004,439 -13.42 587,021367-141,850346 -24.16
(a) Absolute Waste Change «1989 Waste Generated -1988 Waste Generated
(b) Projected Waste Change -1988 Waste Generated x Production Index
(c) Relative Waste Change -1989 Waste Generated -1989 Projected Waste Generation
258
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Pollution Prevention
Table 5-3. TRI Waste Minimization Data by Industry (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989.
SIC INDUSTRY
CODE
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-3
No codes 20-39
FORMS
Number
51
5
40
1
43
68
51
33
489
19
170
11
36
148
279
87
254
135
75
40
187
18
RELEASES WASTE GENERATED
AND TRANSFERS 1989 1988
1989
Pounds
1,571,137
662,056
1,892,189
49,594
635,073
2,852,029
4,519,967
3,921,541
201,616,189
2323,656
10,925,638
209,941
419,089
54,901,327
8,412,971
3,379,003
7,537,455
7,659,962
14369,213
1,809,354
20,591,310
282,827
ABSOLUTE
CHANGED)
PROJECTED RELATIVE
1989 WASTE CHANGEfc)
GENERATION^)
Pounds
1,653,655
541,261
3346,636
49,594
486,925
1,801,068
4,708,685
2,002,106
233,752,435
2346,170
10,967,975
160,542
444337
83,455,813
13374,496
3381,771
10,711,792
34,833335
15,067,152
1371,751
19,858,490
454,832
Pounds
2,481,343
915,208
4,132,162
73300
674,164
2392,595
6309,867
2,913,655
263,882397
3,176,950
15,202,455
200,000
1,042,162
114,551,961
16366332
5361,317
13,166,062
15,743,195
16,929,951
1,747,176
25,422,489
1,290,519
Pounds
-827,688
-373,947
-785326
-23^06
-187,239
-591327
-1,601,182
-911349
-30,129,962
-830,780
-4,234,480
-39,458
-597,625
-31,096,148
-2,991,836
-1,779,546
-2,454,270
19,090,140
-1,862,799
-375,425
-5363,999
-835,687
Percent
-3336
-40.86
-19.01
-32.53
-27.77
-24.72
-25.38
-31.29
-11.42
-26.15
-27.85
-19.73
-57.34
-27.15
-18.06
-33.19
-18.64
121.26
-11.00
-21.49
-21.89
-64.76
Pounds
2,725,873
1,281,011
5,197,848
73300
617,981
2,172,614
6,030,700
3,611,457
285,833,291
4,809,201
15,064,757
171,619
1,110,824
112,222318
16,915303
7316,885
14,723,215
56,435,489
17,203366
1,934,906
30378,254
990,955
Pounds
-1,072,218
-739,750
-1,851,212
-23,906
-131,056
-371346
-1322,015
-1,609,351
-52,080,856
-2,463,031
-4,096,782
-11,077
-666,287
-28,766305
-3340,807
-3,735,114
-4,011,423
-21,602,154
-2,136,414
-563,155
-10,719,764
-536,123
Percent
-39.33
-57.75
-35.61
-32.53
-21.21
-17.10
-21.92
-44.56
-18.22
-51.21
-27.19
-6.45
-59.98
-25.63
-19.75
-51.05
-27.25
-38.28
-12.42
-29.11
-35.06
-54.10
TOTAL
2,240
350,541321 445,171,021 514,175,460 -69,004,439 -13.42 587,021367 -141,850346 -24.16
(a) Absolute Waste Change -1989 Waste Generated - 1988 Waste Generated
(b) Projected Waste Generation = 1988 Waste Generated x Production Index
(c) Relative Waste Change = 1989 Waste Generated - 1989 Projected Waste Generation
industry reported the second highest level of absolute waste reduction (30.1 million
pounds or 11 percent) and the largest amount of relative waste reduction (52.1
million pounds or 18 percent). (See Figure 5-4 and Table 5-3.)
It is possible for the change in waste generation between two years to be an absolute
increase, while the relative change is a relative decrease. If production tripled
between two years, yet wastes doubled, the result would be a relative decrease in
waste compared to what would be expected from this production level. (See Box 5-
A, above.) The Transportation industry was the only industrial category whose
facilities in this subset reported a net increase in absolute quantities of waste (19.1
million pounds or a 121 percent increase), but the same industry ranked third for
overall relative waste decreases, with a drop of 21.6 million pounds or a 38 percent
decrease. This was primarily due to one facility, the Toyota Motor Manufacturing
facility in Georgetown, Kentucky, which experienced an eight-fold production
increase (production index of 8.0), resulting in an increase in waste generation of 15
TRI chemicals of 22.7 million pounds, but a relative decrease of 14.5 million
pounds. Indeed, the other facilities in the Transportation industry in this subset
reported production decreases (on 55 forms) more often than production increases
(on 49 forms; 31 forms reported no change).
239
-------
Chapters
Industry (StC Code)
Food (20)
Tobacco (21)
Textiles (22)
Apparal (23)
Lumbar (24)
FurnHura (25)
Papsr(26)
Printing (27)
Chamtcals (28)
PatrolMim(29)
Plaatlca (30)
Leather (31)
Stone/Clay (32)
Prim. Matala (33)
Fab. Matats (34)
Machlntry (35)
Elaotrical (36)
Transportation (37)
Miscaltanaous (38)
MsasureJPhoto. (39)
MuHIpla Codes 20-39
No Codaa in 20-39
-6
. - - - J-i-J-i-J-i-j-i'i-i-i-i-i-i
• l: - - J J
_
I
0
::.:::: M
-----------
i
s
1
i
-•
----------
----------
• ••
— --..
-. .
0 -40 -20 0 20
Millions of Pounds
• Absoluts Change ED Relative Change
Rguro 5-4. Amount of Absolute and Relative Change in TRI Waste Generation by Industry, 1988-1989 (for subset of 2,240
forms).
While the Primary Metals industry reported higher absolute waste decreases than
relative waste decreases, this was again due to a few facilities, and not necessarily
due to an overall industry decline in production. The Herculaneum Smelter in
Herculaneum, Missouri, for example, reported overall absolute decreases of 11.9
million pounds and a relative decrease of 31.8 million pounds in the face of a 10
percent increase in production.
Changes in waste generation by the Chemical industry facilities in this subset were
more complex. Overall, almost half of the forms with full waste minimization daita
(224 out of 489 forms for SIC 28) reported production increases. When the changes
in waste generation of these forms reporting production increases are totaled, the net
absolute decrease in waste generated is less than 500,000 pounds, while the net
relative decrease is over 26 million pounds. This wide disparity between absolute
and relative decrease is the result of many facilities reporting no decrease in waste
generated (either absolutely or relatively), offset by a few facilities with large
relative decreases accompanied by large absolute increases (due to increased
production). An example of a facility reporting waste minimization data, but not
showing a decrease in waste generation is the Himont U.S.A. plant in Lake Charles,
Louisiana. This facility reported an absolute increase in wastes of two chemicals of
4.0 million pounds that corresponded to a relative increase of 2.7 million pounds,
when waste generation is compared to the reported production increase of 30 percent
associated with these chemicals at that facility. An example of a facility that also
reported an increase in both production and absolute waste generation, but did
240
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Pollution Prevention
decrease its waste generation relative to production is the Atochem N.A. plant in
Wichita, Kansas. This facility reported an increase in production of 10 percent and
an absolute increase in waste generated of 3.3 million pounds for three chemicals,
but in this case the corresponding change was arelative decrease in waste generated
of 1.9 million pounds.
Of the 22 industrial categories covered by TRI, 14 showed a net relative waste
decrease greater than the net absolute waste decrease for their facilities in the subset.
Only the Transportation industry had an absolute increase in waste generation, and
no industrial category had a net increase in relative waste generation. (See Table 5-
3.)
Waste Minimization Methods
The TRI Form R asks facilities to specify which type of source reduction methods
was used to achieve waste minimization: recycling/reuse on-site; recycling/reuse
off-site; equipment/technology modifications; process procedure modifications;
reformulation/redesign of product; substitution of raw materials; improved house-
keeping, training, or inventory control; or other waste minimization techniques.
Within the waste minimization subset, substitution of raw materials achieved the
largest amount of both absolute and relative waste reduction (28.2 and 30.6 million
pounds, respectively). Process changes achieved the second largest reductions in
both categories (24.4 million pounds absolute reductions and 30.4 million pounds
relative reductions). Process changes were also the most frequently reported method
of waste minimization (reported on 390 forms), while improved housekeeping was
the second most frequently reported method (350 forms). (See Figure 5-5 and Table
5-4.)
Substitution of raw materials
accounted for the most
absolute and relative waste
reduction.
Figure 5-5. Amount of Absoluts and Relative Change in TRI Waste
Generation by Method, 1988-1989 (for subset of 2,240 forms.)
On-site Recycling
Off-site Recycling
Equipment Changes
Process Changes
Reformulated Product
Chem. Substitution
Improv. Housekeep'g
Other
.Unknown
-4
I
F
[I-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:
I«»K
, •
'
•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:-:-:•:•:-:-:-:-: .-
maim
1
b.,,xw>;.|g
,
•vim
0 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20
Millions of Pounds
• Absolute Change H Relative Change
Figure 5-5. Amount of Absolute and Relative Change in TRI Waste Generation by Method, 1988-1989
(for subset of 2,240 forms).
241
-------
Chapters
Table 5-4. TRI Waste Minimization Data by Method (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989.
METHOD FORMS
Number
Recycling/Reuse On -Site
Recycling/Reuse Off-Sit
Equipment Changes
Process Changes
Reformulation
Substitution
Improved Housekeeping
Other
Unknown
316
323
251
390
68
225
350
214
103
RELEASES WASTE
AND TRANSFERS GENERATED
1989
Pounds Pounds Pounds
27426,493
31,579,726
73,769,250
105,494373
4,644,557
52,958,197
10,894,816
34,115319
9,558,790
45,665,856
94,457,543
81,920,001
107,138,246
4,128,639
53,224,808
12,696,188
35,282,345
10,657395
46,870,574
79,744,405
85,774,937
131,574,960
5358,408
81,422311
16,434,165
53,742,717
13,252,983
ABSOLUTE
CHANGE(a)
Pounds Percent
-1,204,718
14,713,138
-3,854,936
-24,436,714
-1,229,769
-28,197403
-3,737,977
-18,460372
-2495,588
-2.57
18.45
-4.49
-18.57
-22.95
-34.63
-22.75
-3435
-19.58
PROJECTED RELATIVE
1989 WASTE CHANGE (c)
GENERATION*)
Pounds Pounds Percent
52,457,817
118,816,053
95413482
137,499,468
5,063,593
83,792,636
17,191,687
57,934,995
18,751,736
-6,791,961
-24358410
-13493481
-30361,222
-934,954
-30467,828
-4,495,499
-22,652,650
-8,094,341
-12.95
-20.50
-14/23
-22.08
-18.46
-36.48
-26.15
-39.10
-43.17
TOTAL
2^40
350,541421 445,171,021 514,175/460 -69,004,439 -13.42 587,021467 -141,850446 -24.16
(a) Absolute Waste Change - 1989 Waste Generated - 1988 Waste Generated
(b) Projected Waste Generation = 1988 Waste Generated x Production Index
(c) Relative Waste Change = 1989 Waste Generated -1989 Projected Waste Generation
Self-initiated review
accounted for the most
absolute and relative waste
reduction.
The method cited least often was product reformulation/redesign (68 forms, or 3
percent of the total). This method also achieved the lowest quantity of relative waste
reduction (935,000 pounds). Furthermore, it was the only method for which absolute
waste reduction was larger than the relative waste reduction. This finding indicates
that production for reformulated products dropped as a whole between 1988 arid
1989. While this drop is not explained on the TRI forms, it may be that the
complexity of reformulating a product contributes to temporary slowing of produc-
tion while this process is under way. Conversely, it may be that reformulation of a
product is more likely to be considered when production levels are already down.
Reasons for Waste Minimization
Self-initiated review was the most frequently cited reason for implementing waste
minimization (860 forms) in the subset, and also produced the greatest overall
absolute and relative amounts of reduction (26.3 and 71.2 million pounds, respec-
tively). (See Figure 5-6 and Table 5-5.)
The category of reduction of process costs was cited on 403 forms, and produced
absolute reductions in waste of 12.1 million pounds, an 11 percent reduction. The
category other reasons, such as discontinuation of a product line, was cited less
often (348 forms) but produced a larger quantity (16.4 million pounds) and percent
(24 percent) of absolute waste reduction.
Other reasons for waste minimization included on the Form R are: regulatory
requirement for the waste and treatment/disposal costs reduction.
242
-------
Pollution Prevention
Regulation
Treatment Costs
Cost Reduction
Self-Initiated
Other
Unknown
-80
-60
-20
•40
Millions of Pounds
Absolute Change 01 Relative Change
Figure 5-6. Amount of Absolute and Relative Change in TRI Waste Generation by Reason, 1988-1989
(for subset of 2,240 forms).
Table 5-5. TRI Waste Minimization Data by Reason (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989.
REASON
Regulation
Treatment/Disposal Cost
Process Costs
Self-Initiated Review
Other
Unknown
TOTAL
FORMS
Number
188
377
403
860
348
64
2,240
RELEASES WASTE GENERATED
AND TRANSFER 1989 1988
1989
Pounds
27^12,613
22,145,813
69,981,296
186,996,987
36,078,880
8,025,932
350,541,521
Pounds
26,211,627
23,519,496
101,951,884
233,975,943
51,032,647
8,479,424
445,171,021
Pounds
31,946,205
29,831,057
114,047,410
260,263,463
67,463,364
10,623,961
514,175,460
ABSOLUTE
CHANGED)
Pounds
-5,734,578
-6311,561
-12,095,526
-26,287,520
-16,430,717
-2,144,537
-69,004,439
Percent
-17.95
-21.16
-10.61
-10.10
-24.36
-20.19
-13.42
PROJECTED RELATIVE
1989 WASTE CHANGE(c)
GENERATIO1
Pounds
34,884,499
31,282,538
124,085,953
305,139,100
75,626,744
16,002,733
587,021,567
1(b)
Pounds
-8,672,872
-7,763,042
-22,134,069
-71,163,157
-24,594,097
-7,523,309
-141,850,546
Percent
-24.86
-24.82
-17.84
-23.32
-32.52
-47.01
-24.16
(a) Absolute Waste Change = 1989 Waste Generated - 1988 Waste Generated
(b) Projected Waste Generation = 1988 Waste Generated x Production Index
(c) Relative Waste Change = 1989 Waste Generated - 1989 Projected Waste Generation
243
-------
Chapters
Tablo 5-6. TRI Chemicals with More than One Million Pounds Absolute Waste Reduction (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL
Sulfuric acid
Zinc compounds
Ammonium sulfate (solution
Phosphoric acid
Toluene
Ammonia
Mclhanol
1,1,1-Trichloroethanc
Lead compounds
Acetone
Frcon 113
Trichlorocthylcne
Catfaonyl sulfide
Methyl ethyl ketone
Styrcnc
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
FORMS RELEASES WASTE GENERATED
AND TRANSFERS 1989 1988
Number
96
44
13
40
156
65
69
262
23
108
123
51
4
101
22
7
1,184
1,056
2,240
1989
Pounds
31,784,060
13,774,111
34,315,269
16398,445
19,732,102
34,178,248
22,492,765
13,011,744
4.596,582
7,086,255
7,410,807
2,810,509
14,067,080
7,077,833
814,668
4,868,064
234,418,542
116,122^79
350,541,521
ABSOLUTE
CHANGE (a)
PROJECTED RELATIVE
1989 WASTE CHANGED)
GENERATION^)
Pounds
26(431^40
21,942,476
34,373,269
16,964,846
20,243,542
36,260,288
23,810,017
12,431,310
4,739,784
6,625,290
5,778,829
2,868,363
14,067,080
7379,516
1,283,118
4,867,994
240,067,062
205,103,959
445,171,021
Pounds
40,916,797
33304,802
45,571,562
25329,761
28,029392
41,596,767
28,801,818
16294,418
7323,361
9,124,008
7,714,169
4,626,103
15,671,600
8,726,769
2,501,848
5,913,253
321,446,428
192,729,032
514,175,460
Pounds
-14,485,457
-11362326
-11,198,293
-8,364,915
-7,785,850
-5336,479
-4,991,801
-3,863,108
-2383,577
-2,498,718
-1,935,340
-1,757,740
-1,604,520
-1347,253
-1,218,730
-1,045,259
-81,379366
12,374,927
-69,004,439
Percent
-35.40
-34.12
-24.57
-33.02
-27.78
-12.83
-17.33
-23.71
-35.28
-27.39
-25.09
-38.00
-10.24
-15.44
-48.71
-17.68
-25.32
6.42
-13.42
Pounds
32,998,117
35,545,950
46,834,869
30,318,129
26360,928
42,724,886
32,682,925
16,792,629
8356,559
9,857,045
11,782,733
4,400,234
17305,080
10,211,095
2375,228
6,616,440
335,162,847
251,858,720
587,021,567
Pounds
-6^66,777
-13,603,474
-12,461,600
-13353,283
-6,117,386
-6,464,598
-8,872,908
-4361,319
-3,616,775
-3,231,755
-6,003,904
-1,531,871
-3,238,000
-2,831,579
-1,092,110
-1,748,446
-95,095,785
-46,754,761
-141,850,546
Percent
-19.90
-38.27
-26.61
-44.04
-23.21.
-15.13
-27.1S
-25.97
-43.28
-32.79
-50.96
-34.81
-18.71
-27.73
-45.98
-26.43
-28.37
-18.56
-24.16
(a) Absolute Waste Change = 1989 Waste Generated - 1988 Waste Generated
(b) Projected Waste Generation = 1988 Waste Generated x Production Index
(c) Relative Waste Change = 1989 Waste Generated - 1989 Projected Waste Generation
Sulfuric acid and zinc
compound wastes were
reduced more than those of
any other TRI chemicals.
Chemicals Subject to Waste Minimization
Sulfuric acid, cited on 96 forms, accounted for the largest quantities of absolute
waste reduction in the subset (a decrease of 14.5 million pounds), and zinc
compounds accounted for the largest quantities of relative waste reduction (13.6
million pounds) in the waste minimization subset. Among the 16 chemicals for
which more than one million pounds each of absolute waste reduction was achieved,
1,1,1-trichloroethane was the most frequently reported, with waste minimization
data on 262 forms, and carbonyl sulfide was the least frequently reported, with waste
minimization data on only four forms. (See Table 5-6.)
Among the carcinogens on the TRI chemical list, dichloromethane wastes ac-
counted for the largest relative reductions (1.2 million pounds) and styrene wastes
accounted for the largest absolute reductions (also 1.3 million pounds) in the waste
minimization subset. Arsenic, a carcinogen for which only one waste minimization
form was filed, was reduced by 89 percent (980,000 pounds) on both the relative and
absolute scales. Diethyl sulfate, on the other hand, accounted for the largest
244
-------
Pollution Prevention
percentile increase in absolute waste generation (785 percent). The relative waste
generation for diethyl sulfate increased by only 4 percent, however, indicating that
the bulk of the absolute increase was due to production increases. (See Table 5-7.)
MATCHED FORMS REPORTING WASTE MINIMIZATION
FOR ALL REPORTING YEARS
Creating a Subset
A second subset of waste minimization data was created by compiling forms from
facilities that provided waste minimization data on the same TRI chemical in each
reporting year, 1987,1988 and 1989. These forms allowed a cumulative estimate of
waste minimization for the period 1986 through 1989. As in the case above, several
criteria were used to exclude incomplete or apparently inaccurate forms from this
subset. Each of the forms retained in the subset:
The 2nd subset included
waste minimization data In
all reporting years.
• contained volume data for each year: 1986,1987,1988 and 1989;
• contained data on production index; and,
• reported consistent volume data between years, so that, for example, the amount
reported as "current year" waste in 1987 equaled the amount that was reported on
matched forms in 1988 as the "prior year" amount. In this case, both these
amounts refer to waste generated in 1987.
Based on these criteria, 123 matching forms from 89 facilities were selected for
analysis. This analysis constitutes a sample investigation of waste minimization
between 1986 and 1989. Because it covers such a small number of forms, and
because the waste minimization section itself is a voluntary part of TRI, mis data can
not be used to generalize about the nation as a whole. However, they do provide a
sample of cumulative changes in waste generation over the course of four years.
Absolute and Relative Change, 1986-1989
Combining rates of waste generation between 1986-1987, 1987-1988 and 1988-
1989 provides a cumulative measure of change over the four years from 1986 to
1989 for all of the 89 facilities taken together. Although 61 of the 123 forms
indicated individual reductions totaling 1.5 million pounds over the period from
1986 to 1989,55 of the forms indicated increases totaling 2.1 million pounds. Seven
forms indicated no change in waste generated over the same period. Thus, the
cumulative total absolute change in waste generation, as reported on waste minimi-
zation forms for this subset, was actually an increase in waste generated of 589,000
pounds. (See Table 5-8.)
Increases in waste generation, measured in absolute terms, were greatest between
1987 and 1988 (343,000 pounds), yet relative reductions in waste were also greatest
between those years. This apparently paradoxical effect indicates that production
among the 89 facilities in the subset increased substantially between those years. As
Figure 5-7 shows, while total releases and transfers reported on this subset of forms
This subset contained 123
forms.
Absolute levels of waste
generation in the matched
set increased by 589,000
pounds from 1986 to 1989.
Absolute waste generation
increased in the 2nd year of
the subset, while relative
waste generation decreased
during the same year.
245
-------
Chapters
Table 5-7. Relative and Absolute Change In Waste Generation of TRI Carcinogens (Subset of 2,240 forms), 1988-1989.
CHEMICAL FORMS RELEASES WASTE GENERATED ABSOLUTE PROJECTED RELATIVE
AND TRANSFERS 1989 1988 CHANGE (a) 1989 WASTE CHANGE (c)
1989 GENERATION(b)
Number Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Percent Pounds Pounds Percent
Dichloromcthanc
Slyrenc
Arsenic
Lead
Chromium
Chloroform
Foimildehyde
Tetnchloroethylene
Nickel
Benzene
Di-(2-elhylhexyl) phtbalate
Tsopropyl alcohol (mfg.- - strong acid process)
Ethylene oxide
Asbestos (friable)
Propylene oxide
Carbon tclrachloride
1,2-Dichlorocthane
Bis(2-««hylhexyl) adipate
1,4-Dioxano
1 ,2-Dib romoelhanc
1,3-Butadicne-
Acrylonitrile
Vinyl chloride
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
Cadmium
Tolucnc-2,6-diisocyanate
33'-Dimethoxybenzidine
Diclhyl sulfate
Thioure*
CJ. Solvent Yellow 14
o-Anisidine
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzenc
Acrylamide
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
83
22
1
34
21
3
17
51
32
7
10
10
12
3
3
3
2
1
3
1
3
2
1
3
2
2
339
1,901
2,240
14,801,079
814,668
121,000
217,750
662,667
1,203,887
142,794
3,659,659
349,904
1,224,043
112,503
142,227
150,944
52,146
26,426
164,929
86,412
2,577
39,053
14,800
226,559
5,581
129,909
544
2,911
330
750
750
0
1300
1400
38,095
0
24397,897
326,143,624
350,541421
14,808,618
1,283,118
120,000
679,159
1,014,656
1,244,260
154,617
2,696,368
2,873,572
1,200,272
159,118
127,663
225,959
51,726
25,921
107,833
78,617
2,594
38,770
14,800
226389
5^81
129,909
72,629
2,161
18399
32
239
2,200
923
649
38,095
35,705
27,440352
417,730,469
445,171,021
15,788345
2301,848
1,100,000
618366
1,422,681
1,643,015
630,887
3,463,693
2311376
1,870,209
443,481
190,745
435,090
73359
54,773
200,274
73,708
19,803
37,797
28,100
203,072
8392
130,772
72,799
1,617
18,499
20
27
1316
182
300
45316
104,417
33,695,079
480,480381
514,175,460
-979,927
-1,218,730
-980,000
60,793
-408,025
-398,755
-476,270
-767325
361,996
-669,937
-284363
-63,082
-209,131
-21,833
-28,852
-92,441
4,909
-17,209
973
-13300
23317
-2,811
-863
-170
544
-100
12
212
884
741
349
-7,421
-68,712
-6,254,527
-62,749,912
-69,004,439
-6.21
-48.71
-89.09
9.83
-28.68
-24.27
-75.49
-22.15
14.41
-35.82
-64.12
-33.07
-48.07
-29.68
-52.68
-46.16
6.66
-86.90
2.57
-47.33
11.48
-33.50
-0.66
-0.23
33.64
-0.54
60.00
785.19
67.17
407.14
116.33
-16.30
-65.81
-18.56
-13.06
-13.42
16,011,989
2375,228
1,100,000
1,239,755
1303,115
1,682,624
589,191
3,091,146
3,082,744
1393,645
326,345
208,252
279,628
95,307
55,334
120,723
86,876
9,902
45,293
19,670
230,454
9,461
130,772
72,729
2,258
18,399
26
230
2,106
746
450
36,413
31,325
33,852,136
553,169,431
587,021367
-1,203,371
-1,092,110
-980,000
-560396
-488,459
-438364
-434374
-394,778
-209,172
-193373
-167,227
-80389
-53,669
-43381
-29,413
-12,890
-8,259
-7308
-6323
-4,870
-4,065
-3,880
-863
-100
-97
0
6
9
94
177
199
1,682
4380
-6,411,584
-135,438,962
-141,850346
-7.52
-45.98
-89.09
-45.22
-32.50
-26.05
-73.76
-12.77
-6.79
-13.88
-51.24
-38.70
-19.19
-45.73
-53.16
-10.68
-9.51
-73.80
-14.-W
-24.76
-1.76
-41.01
-0.66
-0.14
-4.30
0.00
23.08
3.91
4/16
23.73
44.22
4.62
13.98
-18.94
-24.48
-24.16
(a) Absolute Waste Change = 1989 Waste Generated - 1988 Waste Generated
(b) Projected Waste Generation = 1988 Waste Generated x Production Index
(c) Relative Waste Change = 1989 Waste Generated -1989 Projected Waste Generation
246
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Pollution Prevention
Table 5-8. Cumulative Change In TRI Waste Generation (Based on 123 forms), 1986-1989.
1986-1989 REPORTING 1986-1987 REPORTING 1987-1988 REPORTING 1988-1989 REPORTING
ABSOLUTE RELATIVE ABSOLUTE RELATIVE ABSOLUTE RELATIVE ABSOLUTE RELATIVE
CHANGE CHANGE CHANGE CHANGE CHANGE CHANGE CHANGE CHANGE
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
TOTAL REDUCTION -1,488,863 -6,473,712 -772,820 -1,568,309 -406,045 -3,077,206 -1,617,323 -2,035,434
TOTAL INCREASES 2,077,774 1,277,774 748,133 652,559 . 748,754 524,727 1,888,212 1,621,849
588,911 -5,195,938 -24,687 -915,750 342,709 -2,552,479 270,889 -413,585
Millions of pounds
86/87
87/88
88/89
Bi Prior Year Waste E/2 Current Year Waste EH Absolute Change
ESS1 Relative Change ISgi Releases/Transfers CED Releases/Transfers
in Prior Year in Current Year
a) Release/transfer estimates not available for 1986.
Based on 123 forms reporting waste generated in all 3 years.
Figure 5-7. Change in Waste Generation and TRI Releases and Transfers, 1986-1989.
247
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Chapters
Table 5-9. The 25 TRI Facilities with the Largest Cumulative Absolute Waste Reductions (Subset of 89 facilities, 123 forms),
1986-1989.
TRI FAOUTYNAME
RANK
1 Universal Materials Inc.
2 Bccton Dickinson & Co.
3 Semicon Associates
4 Campbell Soup Co. SwansonDiv.
5 Arlon Inc. Flexible Tech. Div.
6 Atmosphere Annealing Inc.
7 Imperial Cantrell Mfg. Co. Inc.
S Archer Daniels Midland
9 Corona Products
10 Portion Inc.
11 E.L.W!egandDiv.
12 Essex Specialty Products Inc.
1 3 Great Western Foam Products Corp.
14 Los Angeles Galvanizing Co.
CTTY STATE
Mogadore
Holdrcge
Lexington
Fayetteville
East Providence
Lansing
Jellico
Lincoln
Corona
Cookeville
Vemon
Hillsdale
Hayward
Huntington Park
IS Allied Signal Aerospace Co. Fluid Systems Div Tempe
16 Alcatel Transcom
17 Cambridge Instruments Reichert Jung Div.
18 New Dimension Plating Inc.
19 Cincinnati Milicron-Hcald Corp Fountain Inn
20 M-Tron Industries Inc.
21 Schlage Lock Co. Lcn Closers Div.
22 Sossner Tap & Tool Corp.
23 Harris Corp. Farinon Div. Sa Ops
24 Drexel Heritage Furnishings Pit 33
25 Fina Oil & Chemical Co.
Portsmouth
Cheektowaga
Hutchinson
Fountain Inn
Yankton
Princeton
Brunswick
San Antonio
Morgan ton
Windsor
OH
NE
KY
AR
RI
MI
TN
NE
CA
TN
AL
MI
CA
CA
AZ
RI
NY
MN
SC
SD
n.
GA
TX
NC
MI
ABSOLUTE
CHANGE IN
WASTE
GENERATED
1986-1989
Pounds
-518,865
-151,200
-77,625
-75,000
-71,100
-68,000
-45,847
-41,740
-36340
-34,410
-29,033
-29,000
-26,072
-24371
-23,154
-21,600
-21,406
-17,360
-13,985
-11 ,220
-9,453
-8,600
-8,030
-6,244
-5,106
RELATIVE TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
CHANGED* ! • •
WASTE
GENERATED
1986-1989 1989 1988 1987
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
-894,837
-13,088
-128,250
-89,000
-19,883
-52,230
-40,156
-45,100
2,142
-34354
215
-11320
-11,438
-1,966,240
-136,703
-4320
-66,917
-17360
-195,985
-515,160
-27,972
-52320
-8,856
-1344
5394
35,285
14,800
9,125
100,000
305387
15,900
1376
302
10,805
109,890
3,258
100,710
47,100
0
133,439
26,400
19,003
18390
250
25,780
6,700
1,250
14,860
21,894
82,181
374333
76,775
95,000
90,000
410,000
23300
1384
5318
10,895
132,200
4,735
133,460
58,725
0
117,050
41,100
27319
23.200
250
24,700
43303
500
15,935
25,928
102,890
38,600
127,285
160,750
115,200
542300
30300
1,676
28,027
27,250
105300
20,842
94,960
69397
0
263,100
37,600
52361
26,700
250
31,900
47,112
2,400
8,200
24350
100,240
TOTAL
-1375,161
-4325,282 1,104,685 1,838,500
1,957,100
Relative levels of waste
generation In the matched
set decreased by 5.2 million
pounds from 1986 to 1989.
Some facilities reported
reductions In waste but
Increases In releases and
transfers.
did decrease from 1987 to 1988 despite increases in actual waste generation and
production levels, a larger decrease in releases and transfers was achieved from
1988 to 1989, when relative decreases in waste generation were not as large.
The cumulative amount of relative change in waste generated, on the other hand,
was a decrease of 5.2 million pounds between 1986 and 1989. This overall decrease
resulted from total reported relative decreases of 6.5 million pounds, offset by total
reported relative increases of 1.3 million pounds. (See Table 5-8.) In order to put this
amount into perspective, it may be useful to realize that 5.2 million pounds of
relative reduction represents only one-tenth of one percent of total TRI releases and
transfers in 1989.
In this report, relative changes are calculated by choosing 1986 as the base year and
multiplying the waste generation for that year by the production indices for 1986-
1987,1987-1988, and 1988-1989 to yield "projected 1989 waste generation." (This
projection will be valid only to the extent that the processes and products associated
with the waste generation do not significantly change their character.) The relative
change is the reported 1989 waste generation minus the projected 1989 waste
248
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Pollution Prevention
generation. Therefore, a negative relative change means that less of the TRI
chemical was in the waste in 1989 than would have been expected if waste
generation were solely related to the level of production since 1986.3
Facilities Reporting on Waste Minimization, 1986-1989
Out of this subset, the 25 facilities reporting the largest cumulative absolute
decreases in waste generation between 1986 and 1989 together reported reductions
of 1.4 million pounds. Universal Materials Inc. of Mogadore, Ohio accounted for
more than a third of that total with a cumulative reduction of 519,000 pounds. The
only other facility that reported a cumulative absolute reduction of more than one
hundred thousand pounds was Becton Dickinson & Company of Holdredge, Ne-
braska (151,000 pounds). (See Table 5-9.)
These two facilities with the greatest cumulative absolute reductions in waste
generation also had lower overall releases and transfers, as might be expected. This
was not the case for each of the top 25 facilities in this subset, however. Three
facilities, each with absolute cumulative reduction in waste generation of more than
eight thousand pounds, reported increases in releases and transfers between 1986
and 1989 (Porelon, Incorporated in Cookeville, Tennessee; Essex Specialty Prod-
ucts Incorporated in Hillsdale, Michigan; and Harris Corporation, Farinon Division
in San Antonio, Texas), demonstrating that reducing generation of wastes (before
on-site treatment or disposal) does not always reduce releases and transfers. There
are several possible reasons for this: 1) treatment of waste may be less effective or
efficient as waste generation is reduced; 2) the basis of estimating TRI releases and
transfers may change, leading to an increase on paper only of total releases and
transfers; 3) it may be that wastes generated from previous years and stored or
dumped on site are disposed of in a year when waste generation from on-going
production processes is being reduced, so that the "old" wastes increase overall
releases and transfers despite more efficient processes, or 4) wastes that were
previously reused or recycled on site or sent off site for reuse or recycling, and thus
not required to be reported to TRI, were no longer handled in this manner and now
had to be reported as releases or transfers. (See Chapter 4).
The 25 facilities reporting the largest cumulative relative decreases in waste
generation, 1986-1989, reported reductions of 6.3 million pounds. Two facilities,
Los Angeles Galvanizing Company (Huntington Park, California), and Alcan
Powders & Pigments (Union, New Jersey) each reported more than 1 million pounds
of relative reductions (2.0 and 1.2 million pounds respectively). Despite the
significant relative reduction reported by Alcan Powders & Pigments, the facility
reported a 60,000-pound increase in absolute waste generation. There were signifi-
cant increases in production at this facility, with an almost ten-fold production
increase (index of 9.9) between 1987 and 1988 with much smaller increases for the
other two periods. The releases and transfers reported by Alcan Powders & Pigments
increased by 92,000 pounds, or 32,000 pounds more than its waste generation
249
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Chapters
Table 5-10. The 25 TRI Facilities with the Largest Cumulative Relative Waste Reductions (Subset of 89 facilities, 123 forms),
1985-1989.
TRI FAOUTYNAME
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Los Angeles Galvanizing Co.
Alcan Powders & Pigments
Universal Materials Inc.
M-Tron Industries Inc.
American Combining Corp.
Cincinnati Milacron-Heald Corp
Fountain Inn Div.
CITY STATE ABSOLUTE
CHANGE IN
WASTE
GENERATED
1986-1989
Huntington Park
Union
Mogadore
Yankton
Arveme
Fountain Inn
Allied Signal Aerospace Co. Fluid Systems Div Tempe
Semlcon Associates
Hamilton Standard
Campbell Soup Co. Swanson Div.
Advanced Printed Circuit Technology
Cambridge Instruments Rcichcrt Jung Div
Sossncr Tap & Tool Corp.
Atmosphere Annealing Inc.
Martin Industries
Archer Daniels Midland
Woodford Marco Mfg. Inc.
Imperial Cantrell Mfg. Co. Inc.
Portion Inc.
Schlage Lock Co. Lcn Closers Div.
Arlon Inc. Flexible Technologies Div.
National Airmotive Corp.
New Dimension Plating Inc.
Oakley Tube Div.
Becton Dickinson & Co.
Lexington
Windsor Locks
Fayetteville
Tempe
. Cheektowaga
Brunswick
Lansing
Athens
Lincoln
Forest Grove
Jellico
Cookeville
Princeton
East Providence
Oakland
Hutchinson
Englewood
Holdrege
CA
NT
OH
SD
NY
SC
AZ
KY
cr
AR
AZ
NY
GA
MI
AL
ME
OR
TN
TN
IL
RI
CA
MN
CO
NE
Pounds
-24^71
60377
-518,865
-11,220
4,700
-13,985
-23,154
-77,625
0
-75,000
26,250
-21,406
-8,600
-68,000
9,480
-41,740
16,435
-45,847
-34,410
-9,453
-71,100
-1,502
-17^60
0
-151,200
RELATIVE
CHANGE IN
WASTE
GENERATED
1986-1989
Pounds
-1,966,240
-1,231,990
-894,837
-515,160
-469,580
-195,985
-136,703
-128,250
-110,520
-89,000
-88,875
-66,911
-52,520
-52,230
-45,902
-45,100
-40,623
-40,156
-34,554
-27,972
-19,883
-19,822
-17360
-13,825
-13,088
TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
1989 1988 1987
Pounds
0
152,922
35,285
25,780
71^00
250
133,439
9,125
55,250
100,000
1,250
19,003
1,250
15,900
31,080
302
26,624
1376
109,890
6,700
305387
29310
18390
33,780
14,800
Pounds
0
110,919
374333
24,700
96,000
250
117,050
95,000
76,228
90,000
117,750
27319
500
23300
29,600
5318
18,430
1384
132,200
43303
410,000
33,823
23,200
12,050
76,775
Pounds
0
60,942
38,600
31,900
134,000
250
263,100
160,750
14,000
115,200
101,250
52361
2,400
30300
11,200
28,027
10,708
1,676
105300
47,112
542300
17,700
26,700
12,050
127,285
TOTAL
-1,097,796
-6317,092 1,199,193 1,939,632
1,935,711
increased from 1986 to 1988. Six other facilities among the top 25 reported increases
in releases and transfers that were larger than any increases in absolute waste
generation they might have reported. (See Table 5-10.)
THE POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT OF 1990
In October 1990, President Bush signed the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 into
legislation, which is based on the premise that "wherever feasible, the generation of
hazardous waste is to be reduced or eliminated as expeditiously as possible" and that
"source reduction is fundamentally different and more desirable than waste manage-
ment and pollution control."4 This legislation greatly expands the Environmental!
Protection Agency's (EPA) role in encouraging industrial source reduction and
recycling in all its regulatory and nonregulatory programs, as well as in collecting
and assessing data about such activities.
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Pollution Prevention
The law was enacted in part because Congress concluded that even where feasible,
opportunities for source reduction are often not realized because of institutional
barriers, such as governmental and industrial regulations which focus upon treat-
ment and disposal and regulations which focus on a single type of pollution rather
than using a multimedia (air, land, and water) approach.5 Because businesses and
industry often need further information and technical resources in order to overcome
these and other barriers to adopting source reduction practices, the Act provides for
the establishment of EPA-administered grants to state technical assistance pro-
grams, promoting the use of source reduction techniques. Some provisions of the
Act require EPA to establish a clearinghouse for dissemination of source reduction
information to businesses and the public, review EPA regulations and programs to
assess their impact on source reduction efforts, develop source reduction training
workshops and guidance documents for staff of regulatory and enforcement pro-
grams, assure public access to data collected under federal environmental statutes,
submit biennial reports to Congress on source reduction programs, and expand TRI
reporting requirements covering source reduction and recycling activities (see
below).
To carry out the provisions of this Act, EPA has adopted a strategy to implement the
policy of pollution prevention throughout all its offices, programs, and activities. An
Office of Pollution Prevention has been established to coordinate all agency
pollution prevention activities, and a Pollution Prevention Advisory Committee of
top-level agency staff will ensure that a pollution prevention strategy is the preferred
approach emphasized in agency activities affecting all environmental media. One of
the first major Agency programs developed specifically in response to the Pollution
Prevention Act of 1990 is the 33/50 Program, which involves the voluntary
cooperation of industry in reducing environmental releases of specific TRI chemi-
cals. (See Chapter 6.) The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 also provides for the
establishment of a state matching grant program whose aim is to promote source
reduction techniques in the business sector.
Other EPA initiatives include the establishment of the Pollution Prevention Infor-
mation Clearinghouse (PPIC) for the dissemination of pollution prevention informa-
tion to federal, state, and local governments, industry and trade associations, public
interest groups, academic and other public and private institutions. The American
Institute for Pollution Prevention, comprised of experts in association with profes-
sional societies and trade associations, was jointly established by EPA and the
University of Cincinnati in 1989, before the passage of the Pollution Prevention Act
of 1990, to develop analyses, techniques, and programs to assist government and the
private sector in further pollution prevention efforts.
Effect of Pollution Prevention Legislation on TRI for 1991
Among other provisions, the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 mandates that EPA
collect data about the source reduction, recycling and treatment activities applied to
each chemical reported on a TRI form (Form R). These requirements will expand
and make mandatory the current section of the form on waste minimization (Section
The Pollution Prevention Act
of 1990 establishes a greater
Impetus for pollution
prevention through many
regulatory channels.
The Pollution Prevention Act
of 1990 mandates reporting
of source reduction and
recycling data on the TRI
Form R beginning with TRI
reporting year 1991.
251
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Chapters
8) and will significantly expand the amount of information available on source
reduction and recycling activities. This additional data will be collected beginning
with the 1991 reporting year (reports due by July 1,1992). For the first time under
TRI, EPA will obtain national estimates of the total quantities of TRI chemicals
entering wastestreams and being recycled. EPA will also be able to assess future
trends in quantities of chemicals entering wastestreams and being recycled, as well
as document which source reduction and recycling activities are most common and
the reasons for implementing those activities. This information will be invaluable as
EPA, the public, and industry attempt to identify opportunities for prevention of
toxic chemical waste and to track the nation's progress in reduction and recycling.
The information required by the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 includes the
following:
• The amount of reported chemical entering any wastestream or directly released to
the environment prior to recycling, treatment or disposal during the reporting
(calendar) year, the percentage change in this quantity from the previous year, and
estimates of the amounts anticipated in the two years following the reporting year.
• The amount of reported chemical recycled at the facility or elsewhere during the
reporting year, the process of recycling used, the percentage change in this
quantity from the previous year, and estimates of the amounts anticipated in the
two years following the reporting year.
• The amount of the reported chemical treated at the facility or elsewhere and the
percentage change in this quantity from the previous year.
• The amount of the reported chemical that was released to the environment through
catastrophic or one-time events not associated with production processes.
• The source reduction activity(ies) implemented for the reported chemical during
the reporting year and the method used to identify that activity(ies).
• A ratio, or index, of production or other activity in the reporting year compared to
production or other activity in the previous year. The ratio or index should reflect
the use or manufacture of the reported chemical at the facility.
As a result of these new mandatory questions that will be effective beginning with
the 1991 reporting year, EPA will be able to document the extent of the implemen-
tation of the waste management hierarchy at each TRI facility for reported chemi-
cals. As information on the quantities of reported chemicals sent off-site for
recycling (and the type of recycling involved), was not mandated to be collected
under TRI in the past, the addition of such information to TRI will close what has
been termed a "recycling loop-hole." In addition, the projection of quantities that
may enter wastestreams or be recycled in future years will both encourage industry
to plan ahead and provide EPA and the public with important information about the
potential for continued source reduction programs. The data on the type of source
252
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Pollution Prevention
reduction activities implemented and the reasons those activities were implemented
will aid in identifying which activities are most common and which methods arebest
for identifying those activities. This will aid in the transfer of technology and
pollution prevention initiatives.
NOTES
1. These reductions, as well as other decreases or increases reported in this chapter, apply only to the
specific TRI chemicals for which the facilities supplied waste minimization data. The production
levels and amount of waste generated for other TRI chemicals at the same facilities are not known.
2. A minus sign on a table in this chapter indicates a decrease.
3. The choice of the 1986 base year is arbitrary. Alternatively, changes could be calculated using 1987
or 1988 as a base year. However, only relative year-to-year changes using the same base year may
be legitimately added together.
4. Pollution Prevention Act, Public Law 101-508, Section 6602(4).
5. Pollution Prevention Act, Public Law 101-508, Section 6602(3).
253
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Photo: Steve Delaney
254
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CHAPTER 6. THE 33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS
INTRODUCTION
On February 7,1991, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that
it had asked over 600 American companies to voluntarily reduce releases and
transfers of 17 high-priority toxic chemicals. This voluntary initiative, known as the
33/50 Program, aims for a step-wise reduction in the releases and transfers of 17
target chemicals from 33 percent by the endof 1992 to 50 percent by the end of 1995.
Reduction will be measured against 1988 TRI data. Since the inception date of the
33/50 Program, EPA has requested this commitment from other facilities with
releases and transfers of these 17 chemicals. Approximately 6,000 companies,
encompassing about 12,000 facilities, have received such requests.
EPA selected the 33/50 Program chemicals based upon criteria including health and
environmental effects, possibility of exposure, volume of production and release,
and potential for pollution prevention. Because air emissions accounted for over 70
percent of the releases and transfers of the 17 selected chemicals, the program
overlaps with the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, administered by EPA. EPA
believes that the 33/50 Program and the Clean Air Act Amendments will work in
conjunction to promote pollution reduction in advance of statutory timetables. EPA
intends to provide support to participating companies by organizing opportunities
for communication, information exchange, and technical assistance.
EPA includes the 33/50 Program within its broader pollution prevention strategy
(see Chapter 5), and expects that the program will reinforce regulatory initiatives by
inspiring innovative responses from the private sector. Crucial to the success of the
program is the Toxics Release Inventory, which provides data permitting the
evaluation of the program's progress and the status of its target chemicals relative to
overall trends. In order to illuminate TRI data from both a chemical and an industrial
perspective, this chapter examines the 33/50 chemicals not only in the context of
TRI reporting but also with regard to their physical characteristics and their
manufacturing uses.
As with any examination of increases and decreases in TRI releases and transfers,
several factors must be considered in the evaluation of the success of the program.
For example, decreases in TRI releases and transfers between reporting years may
represent a combination of "paper" and "true" reductions. In addition, many
pollution prevention activities were initiated prior to the inception of the 33/50
Program, and EPA intends that the 33/50 Program recognize these efforts. Thus,
EPA will seek to identify facility decreases in TRI releases and transfers which are
due to pollution prevention initiatives prior to or in conjunction with the 33/50
Program. EPA plans to evaluate the 33/50 Program by looking at reductions made in
The 33/50 Program is one of
EPA's recent pollution
prevention initiatives.
255
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Chapter 6
The 33/50 Program targets
17 chemicals In TRI.
each year between the baseline (1988) and 1995. For further discussion of why a
facility might report more or less releases and transfers to TRI from year to year, see
Chapter 4, Box 4-B.
33/50 Chemicals Within TRI
The 17 chemicals selected by EPA to be included in the 33/50 Program are: benzenes,
cadmium and compounds, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, chromium and com-
pounds, cyanides, dichloromethane, lead and compounds, mercury and compounds,
methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, nickel and compounds,
tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, toluene, and the xy-
lenes. Table 6-1 lists the 17 chemicals in the 33/50 Program, as well as the chemical
classes to which they belong.
Table 6-1 Clu*H leatlon of THI Chemical* In the 33/50 Program.
TRI CHEMICAL NAME
^Ti^tmhirn Compounds
Chromkm Compounds
Chromium
Lead Compounds
Lead
Mercury Compounds
Mercury
Nickel Compounds
Nickel
Benzene
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Itobutyl Ketone
Toluene
Xykne (mixed tsomers)
m-Xyknc
o-Xylcnc
P-Xykne
Carbon Tc trichloride
Chloroform
Dichlcrcrnc thane
TctrachlorccthyleiK
1,1,1-Trichloroc thane
Trkhloroethylcnc
Cyanide Compounds
Hydrogen Cyanide
33/50 CHEMICAL NAME
C.dn^Co^
Chromium, and Compounds
Lead and Compounds
Mercury and Compounds
Nickel and Compounds
Benzene
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Toluene
Xylenes
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform (Trichloromethane)
Methyl Chloride (Dichlocomcthanc)
Tctrachloroethylene (Perchloroetbyienc)
1,1,1-Trichloroethans (Methyl Chloroform)
TrichloroctbyEene
Cyanides
Cyanides
TRI CHEMICAL CLASS
Metals and Metal Compounds
Metals and Metal Compounds
Metals and Metal Compounds
Metals and Metal Compounds
Metals and Metal Compounds
Non-Halogenated Organics
Non-Halogenated Organics
Non-Halogenated Organics
Non-Halogenated Organics
Non-Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Mineral Acids/Salts
Mineral Acids/Salts
33/50 CHEMICAL CLASS
Metals and Metal Compounds
Metals and Metal Compounds
Metals and Metal Compounds
Metals and Metal Compounds
Metals and Metal Compounds
Non-Halogenated Organics
Non-Halogenated Organics
Non-Halogenated Organics
Non-Halogenated Organics
Non-Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Halogenated Organics
Cyanides
Cyanides
256
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The 33150 Program Chemicals
The 33/50 chemicals occupy a significant place within TRI. Combined, they
accounted for almost one-fourth (23 percent, or 1.3 billion pounds) of 1989 total TRI
releases and transfers. A significant proportion of the 33/50 chemicals was released
in the form of air emissions, indicating that air pollution is the overall problem
associated with this TRI sub-group, although the characteristics of individual
chemicals vary widely.
4t
Of the top five 33/50 chemicals for TRI releases and transfers, none fell in TRI
ranking from 1988 to 1989. Toluene, the first-ranked 33/50 chemical, moved from
sixth to fifth place for overall TRI releases and transfers. Xylenes (mixed isomers),
the second-ranked 33/50 chemical, shifted from eleventh to eighth place within the
TRI total. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, the number three 33/50 chemical, moved from
tenth to ninth in TRI, and methyl ethyl ketone, fourth in 33/50 rankings, shifted from
twelfth to eleventh between 1988 and 1989. Only dichloromethane, the fifth 33/50
chemical, held steady for both years of TRI reporting at number thirteen. Although
in each case releases and transfers of the 33/50 chemical in question decreased, the
rates of decrease were not as great as those of a majority of other chemicals on the
TRI list. The average decrease per TRI chemical in TRI releases and transfers from
1988 and 1989 was 11 percent, while that of the chemicals in the 33/50 sub-group
was 8 percent. Some 33/50 chemicals moved up in TRI rank between 1988 and 1989
while still showing a decrease in releases and transfers between the two years (see,
for example, 1,1,1-trichloroethane). (See Table 6-2.)
Air emissions accounted for about 70 percent of all 33/50 releases and transfers in
1989, as opposed to TRI overall, where air emissions accounted for 43 percent of
total releases and transfers. In fact, air emissions of the 17 chemicals in the 33/50
Program made up 40 percent of all TRI chemicals released in this manner. The
second-largest 33/50 category was off-site transfers, which accounted for 28 percent
of the off-site transfers of all TRI chemicals in 1989. Analysis of the 33/50
chemicals allows a close examination of the chemicals and industries contributing to
these environmental distribution totals. (See Figure 6-1 and Chapter 3, Figure 3-6.)
Map 6-1 shows the geographical distribution of 1989 TRI releases and transfers of
the 33/50 chemicals. States in which total releases and transfers of 33/50 chemicals
were over 50 million pounds in 1989 were California, Illinois, Indiana, North
Carolina, New York, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas. See
Appendix J, Table J-l for the distribution of 33/50 chemicals by state.
The top seven 33/50 chemicals accounted for approximately 84 percent of the
releases and transfers of the total seventeen. (See Figure 6-2.) In order to better
understand the significance of these high-volume chemicals to the 33/50 pollution
prevention initiative, it is necessary to examine them in relation to the various types
of industries which contribute heavily to their releases and transfers. In all cases,
TRI facility data are essential both in locating industries and practices which
These 33/50 chemicals
accounted for 23% of 1989
TRI releases and transfers.
The overall releases and transfers
of the 33/50 chemicals decreased
between 1988 and 1989... but at a
lower rate than that of the overall
TRI chemicals.
Air emissions made up over
2/3 of 33/50 releases and
transfers.
257
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Chapter 6
resulted in releases and transfers of large volumes of a particular chemical and in
identifying chemicals manufactured, processed, or otherwise used in a broad range
of manufacturing activities.
Table 6-2. Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Chemicals, 1988-1989.
TRIRANK
1989 1988
125
148
24
47
30
42
189
165
49
54
35
11
29
5
8
103
95
70
72
36
13
32
9
26
58
78
105
153
26
45
31
43
211
160
55
59
34
12
27
6
11
82
89
67
75
39
13
32
10
23
60
86
CHEMICAL
Metals
Cadmium compounds
Cadmium
Chromium compounds
Chromium
Lead compounds
Lead
Mercury compounds
Mercury
Nickel compounds
Nickel
Orpanics
Benzene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Toluene
Xylcnc (mixed isomers)
m-Xylcne
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Halo-organics
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Cyanides
Cyanide compounds
Hydrogen cyanide
TOTAL FOR 33/50 CHEMICALS
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASES TOTAL RELEASES CHANGE
AND TRANSFERS AND TRANSFERS 1988-1989
1989 1988
Pounds Pounds Pounds Percent
759,865
387,918
50,881,050
13,403,332
34,498,469
19,872,648
57,028
159,405
12,849,203
9,493,108
28,591,407
156,992,642
38,849,703
322,521,176
185,442,035
1,465,778
2,242,661
4,811,223
4,607,809
27,325,508
130,355,581
30,058481
185,026,191
48,976,806
7,791,895
4,184,475
U21.605.497
4,384,064,883
5,705,670,380
1483,940
344,879
47,316,000
21,477,835
38,650,362
22,124,055
21426
297,061
10,429,364
8,857,710
32,240433
161,224,422
44,511,920
349,388437
190,575,168
3474,030
2,965,855
7,108,608
5,029,696
26,882,013
155,059,038
37,760,219
195,398,302
57,816,129
8,672,222
3,115,671
1,432,425,095
5,000,222,531
6,432,647,626
-824,075
43,039
3465,050
-8,074,503
-4,151,893
-2,251,407
35,502
-137,656
2,419,839
635,398
-3,649,126
-4,231,780
-5,662,217
-26,867,361
-5,133,133
-2,108,252
-723,194
-2,297,385
-421,887
443,495
-24,703,457
-7,701,638
-10,372,111
-8,839,323
-880,327
1,068,804
-110,819,598
-616,157,648
-726,977,246
-52.03
12.48
7.53
-37.59
-10.74
-10.18
164.93
-46.34
23.20
7.17
-11.32
-2.62
-12.72
-7.69
-2.69
-58.99
-24.38
-32.32
-8.39
1.65
-15.913
-20.40
-5.31
-15.29
-10.15
34.30
-7.74
-3.56
-11.30
258
-------
The 33150 Program Chemicals
33/50 Halo-organics
24%
Non-33/50 Chemicals
60%
33/50 Organics
15%
Figure 6-1. TRI Total Air Emissions, 1989. (33/50 Metals < 0.5 Percent; Hydrogen Cyanide
and Cyanide Compounds < 0.1 Percent.)
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
14%
Dichloromethane
10%
Lead and Compounds
4%
Chromium and
Compounds
5%
Remaining Ten 33/50
Categories
16%
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
12%
Toluene
24%
Xylenes
15%
Figure 6-2. Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Chemicals, 1989.
259
-------
Chapter 6
Over 1/2 of the TRI releases
and transfers of 33/50-
Intenslve Industries are 337
50 chemicals.
33/50-lntensive Industries
As defined in this report, "33/50-intensive industries" are not necessarily those
whose facilities released and transferred the largest amounts of the 17 chemicals
targeted by the 33/50 Program. Instead, 33/50-intensive industries are those for
which 33/50 chemicals comprised more than half of their total TRI releases and
transfers. The label "33/50-intensive" is useful primarily to identify which indus-
tries may have activities involving a specific 33/50 chemical as a major componenl:
or by-product of their manufacturing processes, but does not indicate absolute:
volumes of releases and transfers of 33/50 chemicals.
Most 33/50-lntenslve
Industries did not contribute
large amounts to total TRI
releases and transfers...
Most 33/50-intensive industries were not major contributors to TRI totals (with the
exception of the Transportation and Plastics industries). For example, facilities in
the top TRI industry in 1989, the Chemical industry, accounted for 18 percent of all
33/50 releases and transfers. However, only 9 percent of the total releases and
transfers reported by facilities in the Chemical industry fell into the overall 33/50
category. In contrast, 89 percent of the releases and transfers reported by facilities in
the Printing industry involved 33/50 chemicals, making this a 33/50-intensive
industry. However, the Printing industry accounted for only 4 percent of all 33/50
releases and transfers. See Table 6-3 and Appendix J, Table J-2, which shows the
releases and transfers of the 33/50 chemicals by industry.
T«bl» 6-3.33/SO-lnl*(w!v* lndu«trl«», 1S89. (•)
PRINTING
SIC 27
MISCELLANEOUS
SIC 39
FURNITURE
SIC 25
MACHINERY
SIC 35
APPAREL
SIC 23
PERCENT OF TOTAL 33/50
RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
33/50 RELEASES AND TRANSFERS AS
PERCENT OP TRI TOTAL FOR THIS INDUSTRY
TOP FIVE 33/SO CHEMICALS IN EACH INDUSTRY
TOTAL 33/50 CHEMICALS
TOTAL TRI CHEMICALS
89.14
1.97
66.79
3.23
65.24
3.63
64.07
62.52
Toluene
1,1 ,!• Trichlorocmane
Methyl etbylketoDe 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed ciomera) Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene Toluene 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone Xylene (mixed isomers) Xylene (mixed trainers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Dichlororacthane
54,306,578
60,923,661
Dichloromethane Methyl isobutyl ketone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Trichloroethylene Toluene
Toluene DichloromethaDe
Methyl ethyl ketone Xylene (mixed tsomers)
25,971,829
38,886,447
42,649,661
65,369,507
48,000,815
74,922,470
1,287,555
2,059,373
(l) The term "33/50 - mlrruive industry" indicates that over half of the releases and transfers of a particular industry were in the 33/50 sub-group.
260
-------
The 33150 Program Chemicals
Millions of Pounds
> 50
25 to 50
10 to 25
1 to 10
0 to 1
Map 6-1 .Total TRI Releases and Transfers by State for 33/50 Program Chemicals.
Table 6-3, continued.
TRANSPORTATION
SIC 37
LUMBER
SIC 24
TEXTILES
SIC 22
MEASUREVPHOTO.
SIC 38
PERCENT OF TOTAL 33/50
RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
33/50 RELEASES AND TRANSFERS AS
PERCENT OF TRI TOTAL FOR THIS INDUSTRY
TOP FIVE 33/50 CHEMICALS IN EACH INDUSTRY
TOTAL 33/50 CHEMICALS
TOTAL TRI CHEMICALS
10.81
58.22
1.63
56.83
1.78
50.93
50.24
Xylene (mixed isomera)
l.l.lTrichloroethane
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
142,833,736
245,316,145
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
1 ,1 ,1-Trichtorcethane
21,495,580
37,824,596
Methyl ethyl ketone
1 ,1 ,1 -Trichloroethane
Toluene
Xylene (mixed bomera)
Tetrachloroethylene
23,469503
46,081,356
Dichloromethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Trichlotocthylene
34,933,886
69,535,397
261
-------
Chapter 6
... Instead, large TRI
Industries often had a
greater impact upon 33/50
totals.
Of the 33/50 chemicals, 5 are
In the metals and metal
compounds class.
Facilities In the Primary
Metals Industry accounted
for 45% of the release and
transfer of 33/50 metals and
metal compounds.
Many industries which released and transferred a large share of 33/50 chemicals out
of their total TRI releases and transfers did not necessarily do so in amounts that had
a significant impact upon 33/50 totals. High-impact industries, such as the Chemical.
industry, usually released much higher volumes of 33/50 chemicals than did 33/50-
intensive industries. For example, the greatest amount of TRI releases and transfers
of 33/50 chemicals reported by any 33/50-intensive industry was 142.8 million
pounds, reported by facilities in the Transportation industry, as opposed to 239.7
million pounds of 33/50 chemicals reported by facilities in the Chemical industry..
(See Appendix J, Table J-2.)
The 33/50 chemicals may be grouped according to chemical class, and chemical-
specific information can play a particularly useful role in the examination of
changes in reported releases and transfers. Such a classification, which is based on
similar chemical characteristics, is useful in the examination of TRI data. Chemical!
classification provides an important perspective to TRI data, which clearly shows:
the concentration of particular chemicals within certain industries.1 The remainder
of this chapter will discuss the 33/50 chemicals within the context of their chemical!
classes, including an analysis of the industries and processes that play a leading role;
in their use, production, and release and transfer.
33/50 CHEMICALS BY CLASS: CHEMICAL AND
INDUSTRIAL PERSPECTIVES
Metals and Metal Compounds
Five of the 33/50 chemicals fall within the class of metals and metal compounds.,
These 33/50 metals and their compounds are: cadmium, cadmium compounds,
chromium, chromium compounds, lead, lead compounds, mercury, mercury com-
pounds, nickel, and nickel compounds.2 Combined, these metals accounted for 11
percent of releases and transfers of the 33/50 sub-group in 1989. The metals (and not
their compounds) all exist naturally in trace amounts; however, mining, purifica-
tion, use, and incineration concentrate their presence in the environment. Their
relative mobility and tendency to bioaccumulate heighten their environmental
impact Metals are used commercially as alloys, catalysts, and in batteries and in
metal plating processes.
1989 releases and transfers in this 33/50 class were heavily affected by facilities in
the Primary Metals industry and the Chemical industry. Of the total releases and
transfers of the 33/50 chemicals in this class, the Primary Metals industry contrib-
uted 45 percent (64.1 million pounds), while the Chemical industry accounted for 20
percent (28.2 million pounds). The industries following in importance were the
Multiple SIC Codes category (10 percent),Fabricated Metals (5 percent), and Stone/
Clay/Glass (5 percent). All of these industries contributed heavily to releases and
transfers of at least three of the ten chemicals and chemical compounds listed above;
facilities in the Primary Metals industry, for example, made this the number-one
industry for seven out of these ten. (See Table 6-4 and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
262
-------
The 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 6-4. Top Five Industries for Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Motals, 1989.
SIC INDUSTRY
CODE
33 Primary Metals
28 Chemicals
Multiple Codes 20-39
34 Fabr. Metals
32 Stone /Clay
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL FOR ALL INDUSTRIES
RELEASES AND PERCENT OF TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL
TRANSFERS OF 33/50 METALS TRI METALS RELEASES
33/50 METALS RELEASES AND TRANSFERS AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
64,069,025
28,169,764
14,201,473
7,400,393
6,644,176
120,484,831
21,877,195
142,362,026
45.00
19.79
9.98
5.20
4.67
84.63
15.37
100.00
9.82
4.32
2.18
1.13
1.02
18.46
3.35
21.82
PERCENT OF TRI
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
1.12
0.49
0.25
0.13
0.12
2.11
0.38
2.50
However, none of these industries may be described as 33/50-intensive; although
facilities in the Chemical, Primary Metals, and Fabricated Metals industries re-
leased and transferred the majority of 33/50 metals and metal compounds, 33/50
chemicals accounted for less than 50 percent of their total TRI releases and transfers.
Although facilities in the Primary Metals industry, for example, dominated the
release and transfer of each 33/50 metal and metal compound, 33/50 chemicals as a
group constituted only 16 percent of the industry's total releases and transfers.
Metals and metal compounds accounted for slightly over half (52 percent) of the
industry's 33/50 releases and transfers.
Releases and transfers of 33/50 metals and metal compounds occurred principally in
the form of off-site transfers, accounting for 52 percent (74.4 million pounds) of
their TRI total releases and transfers. On-site land releases followed, representing 41
percent (58.8 million pounds) of total releases and transfers for this 33/50 chemical
class. It should be noted that off-site transfers can also end up in the form of deposits
to land. Air emissions contributed 4 percent to the total, leaving discharges to
surface water, underground injection discharges, and transfers to public sewage to
account for only 2 percent, combined. (See Table 6-5.) Map 6-2 shows the release
and transfer totals for 33/50 metals and metal compounds by state. States whose TRI
facilities reported combined releases and transfers of 33/50 metals and metal
compounds over 10 million pounds in 1989 were Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
and Texas.
Because of the prominence of two industrial categories within this chemical class,
overall totals for individual chemicals, mode of release or transfer, and geographic
distribution could be heavily influenced by a single industry or a single facility.
Off-site transfers made up
52% of all releases and
transfers of 33/50 metals
and metal compounds.
263
-------
Chapter 6
Millions of Pounds
> 10
1 2 to 10
1 to 2
D o to 1
Map 6-2. Total TRI Releases and Transfers by State for 33/50 Metals.
Chromium and Chromium Compounds
Chromium is a silver white metal, found in nature in minerals such as chromits,
FeOCr2O3, its most important source. Chromite contains the impurities magnesium
and aluminum with interstitial impurities of metal silicates. United States produc-
tion of chromite ceased in 1961, as the Defense Production Act was phased out, but
the United States continues to be one of the world's leading consumers of chromite,
producing chromium alloys, refractories, and chemicals. In 1987, the United States
consumed over 110 million pounds of chromite ore and 750 million pounds of the
metal and its alloys. Three-quarters of these needs were met by direct imports and
one-quarter by secondary production from recycling commodities such as stainless
scrap metal. U.S. imports come mainly from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Yugoslavia,
and Turkey.
One of the most important uses of pure chromium is for plating. Decorative plate iis
usually electrodeposited, while the process of chromizing may be required where a
more functional coating is needed, such as in high-temperature tools. In this process
a layer of chromium is applied at a temperature which causes inward diffusion to
form a composition gradient. Chromium is also used extensively for alloying with
iron to form stainless steels, high strength steels, and electrical resistance wires. It iis
alloyed with nickel, manganese, and iron to form various stainless steels, with nickel
in varying quantities to form special heat-resistant alloys, and with cobalt to produce
264
-------
The 33150 Program Chemicals
cutting tools. Chromium tanning is also the most widely used leather tanning
process, which explains the prominence of the Leather Industry in TRI total releases
and transfers of this metal.
Chromium compounds have a number of applications in lithography, textile print-
ing, tanning, dyeing, photography, and the manufacture of dyes, pigments, wallpa-
per, electric cells, explosives, matches, and rubber goods. Zinc chromate is widely
used in metal primers. Chromic salts, particularly chloride and oxide, are used as
textile mordants, paint pigments, and in refractory brick. Chromium compounds are
also used in various stages of chemical manufacturing processes.
While small amounts of chromium in food serve as an essential nutrient, the three
major forms of chromium (with valences of n, HI, and VI) differ in their effects upon
human health. Lung cancer has been associated with the hexavalent (VI) com-
pounds. Chromic acid is corrosive to the skin. Chromium compounds have adverse
effects upon aquatic life.3
.Chromium enters the environment through oil, gas, and coal combustion and from
chemical manufacture, primary metal production, chrome plating, and as a water
treatment in agent in cooling towers, usually in the form of air emissions. Chromium
is removed from the atmosphere by precipitation and fallout, and its residence time
there is estimated to be less than ten days. Chromium remains in water and soil for
several years.
Releases and transfers of chromium compounds accounted for slightly less than 1
percent of the 1989 TRI total, and represented 36 percent of the releases and
transfers of all 33/50 metals and metal compounds (50.9 million pounds). Releases
and transfers of these compounds increased 7 percent between the 1988 and 1989
TRI reporting periods, marking a move from number 26 to number 24 in overall TRI
chemical rankings. (See Figure 6-3.) Releases and transfers were dominated by
facilities in the Chemical industry, the Primary Metals industry, Multiple SIC
Codes, the Fabricated Metals industry, and the Transportation industry, respec-
tively. Together, facilities in the Chemical and Primary Metals industries accounted
for 72 percent of all TRI releases and transfers of chromium compounds in 1989.
(See Appendix J, Table J-2.) Overall, 61 percent of all releases and transfers of
chromium compounds in 1989 were in the form of on-site land releases, followed by
off-site transfers (34 percent). Out of the class of 33/50 metals and metal com-
pounds, chromium compounds accounted for 53 percent of all on-site land releases
and 23 percent of all off-site transfers. (See Table 6-5.)
Chromium was the number 47 chemical for TRI total releases and transfers in 1989,
and accounted for 9 percent (13.4 million pounds) of total releases and transfers for
all 33/50 metals and metal compounds. (See Table 6-2.) The top industries for
releases and transfers of chromium were Primary Metals, Fabricated Metals,
Machinery, Leather, and Multiple SIC Codes, in order of prominence. Facilities in
the Primary Metals industry contributed 46 percent to total TRI releases and
transfers of chromium, and facilities in all top five industries combined comprised
Chromium compounds wore
ranked number 24 for total
TRI releases and transfers
In 1989.
Chromium was number 47
for total TRI releases and
transfers In 1989.
265
-------
Chapter 6
Cadmium Compounds
Cadmium
3uomium Compounds
Chromium
Ltsd Compound*
Lead
Mercury Compounds
Mercury
Nickel Compounds
Nickel
Benzene
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Toluene
Xylenes (a)
Carbon TetrachlorMe
Chloroform
Dlchtorometnane
Tetrachtoroethylene
1,1,1-Trtehloroethane
Trlchloroethylene
Cyanide Compounds
Hydrogen Cyanide
•20 -10 0
Percent Change
10
20
30
40
(a) "xylenes" includes the releases and transfers of xylenes (mixed isomers), o-xylene, m-
xylene, and p-xyleno.
Rgure 6-3. Percent Change in Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Chemicals, 1988-1989.
86 percent of this total. Together, facilities in the fourth- and fifth-ranked industries,
Leather and Transportation, contributed only 8 percent to total releases and transfers
of chromium in 1989, so clearly facilities in the top three industries were the primary
sources of releases and transfers of chromium. (See Appendix J, Table J-2.)
The environmental distribution of phromium was dominated by off-site transfers,
which accounted for 65 percent of total TRI releases and transfers of this chemical
in 1989. The second-ranked form of release for chromium was on-site land releases,
which accounted for one-fourth of the total releases and transfers of chromium. (See
Table 6-5.)
One of the top five industries for the TRI release and transfer of chromium was 33/
50-intensive, the Machinery industry, which ranked third for 1989 TRI releases and
transfers of chromium. Metals and metal compounds did not account for a large
proportion of this industry's total 33/50 releases and transfers. Only 9 percent of the
Machinery industry's total 33/50 releases and transfers were 33/50 metals and metsd
compounds. As indicated in the general discussion of 33/50 metals, above, facilities
in the Primary Metals industry released and transferred a much more significant
proportion of their own 33/50 total (52 percent of total 33/50 releases and transfers)
in the 33/50 metals and metal compounds class. (See Appendix J, Table J-2.)
266
-------
The 33150 Program Chemicals
Lead and Lead Compounds
Lead rarely occurs in the elemental state, but exists widely throughout the world in
a variety of lead compound-containing ores. Lead ores often contain silver and zinc;
other metals commonly associated with lead ores are copper, arsenic, antimony, and
bismuth. Most of the world production of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth arises
from their separation from lead ores.
There are about 30 lead mines in operation in the United States, but eight mines in
southeastern Missouri provide over 90 percent of the total lead ore. This region
contains the nation's largest refineries of lead from primary sources. Lead is also
obtained as aby-product of copper refining. Domestic consumption of lead in recent
years has been about 2.5 billion pounds. Direct production accounted for approxi-
mately one-third of this total, and recovery from secondary sources constituted the
remainder. In 1988,20 companies with 27 plants accounted for 96 percent of the
total domestic secondary lead production. About three-quarters of the lead con-
sumed in the United States is used in storage batteries, one-tenth for oxides and
chemicals including gasoline additives, one-tenth for sheet lead, solder, pipes, and
other miscellaneous products, and the remainder for ammunition and miscellaneous
uses. Lead is used by the electronics industry to shield product components which
emit radiation, explaining the prominence of the electronics industry in lead releases
and transfers.
Many of the uses of lead compounds have declined radically because of regulatory
actions that have resulted from the recognition of their toxic effects. In prior years,
the function of lead compounds as additives to gasoline to increase octane ratings
dominated their use, but this has changed drastically with the advent of unleaded
gasoline. Other uses, such as in paints, have also been significantly scaled back or
eliminated.
Long-term exposure to inorganic lead compounds, or lead, can affect the central
nervous system, peripheral nerves, and kidneys. Symptoms of lead poisoning may
be non-specific in the early stages, often resembling illnesses such as sore muscles,
fatigue, headache, and digestive disturbances. Later symptoms include anemia,
decreased grip strength, and severe abdominal cramping. While some symptoms are
reversible, later effects may be more permanent. Organic lead compounds, particu-
larly tetraethyl lead, tend to focus upon the nervous system. The most visible clinical
sign of poisoning is encephalopathy and associated toxic delirium, psychosis,
convulsions, and delusions. Physical manifestations are less apparent than those
associated with inorganic lead compounds. Non-fatal exposure may result in
complete, though prolonged, recovery. Lead and its compounds are highly toxic to
aquatic life. Adverse effects have also been noted in birds and land animals exposed
to these substances.4
Lead compounds ranked number 30 for TRI total releases and transfers in 1989, Lead compounds were
marking a change in place from number 31 in 1988, as well as an 11 percent number 30 in TRI for total
decrease. Within the 33/50 metals metal compounds class, lead compounds ac- releases and transfers.
267
-------
Chapter 6
Lead was ranked number 42
for total TRI releases and
transfers In 1989.
counted for 24 percent (34.5 million pounds) of total releases and transfers. Major
industrial contributors to these totals were the Primary Metals industry, the Stone/
Clay/Glass industry, [Electronic and] Electrical industry, the Multiple SIC Codes
category, and the Chemical industry, respectively. With a 63 percent (21.9 million
pounds) contribution to total TRI releases and transfers of lead compounds, the
facilities in the Primary Metals industry were by far the largest contributors to TRI
totals for lead compounds. The Stone/Clay/Glass industry accounted for 11 percent
(3.9 million pounds) of the TRI total, while the Electrical industry, the Multiple SIC
Codes category, and the Chemical industry combined contributed 22 percent in
roughly equal proportions. The remaining industries combined contributed only 3
percent to total releases and transfers of lead compounds. As noted for 33/50 metals
and metal compounds overall, none of the top five industries for the release and
transfer of lead compounds were 33/50-intensive industries. The environmental
distribution of lead compounds was dominated by off-site transfers (54 percent) and
on-site land releases (41 percent), respectively. (See Tables 6-2 and 6-5; and
Appendix!, Table J-2.)
The third-ranked metal within the 33/50 metals and metal compounds class, lead
was number 42 for 1989 TRI total releases and transfers. (See Table 6-2.) Lead
represented 14 percent (19.9 million pounds) of the releases and transfers of 33/50
metals and metal compounds. Industries whose facilities contributed heavily to total
TRI releases and transfers of lead showed significant variation from those for the
metals examined above. While the Primary Metals industry remained number one
for the release and transfer of lead, it accounted for 75 percent (14.8 million pounds)
Table 6-5. Envlromantal Distribution of Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Metals, 1989.
CHEMICAL
Chromium compounds
Chromium
Lead compounds
Lead
Nickel compounds
Nickel
Cadmium compounds
Cadmium
Mercury compounds
Mercury
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
AIR
Pounds Percent
1,296,947
941,326
1,587,768
862,031
217,461
911,327
85^79
34,262
4,004
25,235
5,966,140
2,421,095,766
2,427,061,906
2.55
7.02
4.60
4.34
1.69
9.60
11.26
8.83
7.02
15.83
4.19
43.52
42.54
SURFACE
WATER
Pounds Percent
475,846
67,013
114^01
32,028
115,113
85,383
1,888
2,746
13
1,555
895,886
188,057,998
188,953,884
0.94
0.50
0.33
0.16
0.90
0.90
0.25
0.71
0.02
0.98
0.63
3.38
3.31
LAND
Pounds Percent
31,015,338
3^33,921
13,980,721
5,817,158
3,015,745
1,310,015
247,333
103,163
260
4,942
58,828,596
385,907,954
444,736,550
60.96
24.87
40.53
29.27
23.47
13.80
32.55
26.59
0.46
3.10
41.32
6.94
7.79
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds Percent
59,110
693
1,424
0
269,258
18,946
886
0
36
0
350,353
1,180,480,828
1,180,831,181
0.12
0.01
0.00
0.00
2.10
0.20
0.12
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.25
21.22
20.70
268
-------
The 33150 Program Chemicals
of total TRI lead releases and transfers in 1989, a far greater amount than the second-
ranked industry, the Electronic and Electrical industry, which contributed 5 percent
(1.0 million pounds) to total lead releases and transfers. The next industries,
following in order of significance, were Stone/Clay/Glass, Multiple SIC Codes, and
Transportation. (See Appendix J, Table J-2.)
The top five industries combined accounted for 91 percent (18.1 million pounds) of
total TRI releases and transfers of lead; however, as noted above, facilities in the
Primary Metals industry were responsible for three-quarters of the lead total. One of
these industries, Transportation, was 33/50-intensive, with 58 percent of its total
releases and transfers accounted for by 33/50 chemicals. Only 10 percent of its total
33/50 releases and transfers, however, was in the class of 33/50 metals and metal
compounds. Off-site transfers accounted for 66 percent of lead releases and trans-
fers, with on-site land releases contributing another 29 percent. (See Table 6-5 and
Appendix J, Table J-2.)
Nickel and Nickel Compounds
Nickel is a silver-grey metal found in a concentration of about .01 percent in
meteorites and igneous rocks which contain higher concentrations of other ores. It is
a common element found in all parts of the environment. There are three principal
classes of nickel compound-containing ores: the sulfide ores, pentlandite and
pyrrhotite; the silicate, gamerite ore; and the arsenide ores. A fourth class, the
antimonide ores, are not of sufficient importance to be classified as commercial
ores. The United States produced about ten million pounds of nickel from domesti-
cally mined ores in 1985 (the only nickel mine in the United States closed
Facilities in the Primary
Metals industry accounted
for 3/4 of TRI releases and
transfers of lead in 1989.
Table 6-5, continued.
CHEMICAL
PUBLIC
OFF-SITE
SEWAGE
Chromium compounds
Chromium
Lead compounds
Lead
Nickel compounds
Nickel
Cadmium compounds
Cadmium
Mercury compounds
Mercury
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
Pounds
981,119
315,982
98,130
47,589
250,238
186,085
11,069
8,099
1,034
3,272
1,902,617
549,132,079
551,034,696
Percent
1.93
2.36
0.28
0.24
1.95
1.96
1.46
2.09
1.81
2.05
1.34
9.87
9.66
Pounds
17,052,690
8,744,197
18,716,125
13,113,842
8,981,388
6,981,352
413,110
239,648
51,681
124,401
74,418,434
838,633,729 .
913,052,163
Percent
33.51
65.24
54.25
65.99
69.90
73.54
54.37
61.78
90.62
78.04
52.27
15.07
16.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
50,881,050
13,403,332
34,498,469
19,872,648
12,849,203
9,493,108
759,865
387,918
57,028
159,405
142,362,026
5,563,308,354
5,705,670,380
Percent
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
269
-------
Chapter 6
Nickel compounds were
number 49 for told TRI
releases and transfers In
1989.
Nickel was number 54 for
total TRI releases and
transfers In 1989.
permanently in the middle of that year). In addition, partially processed ores yielded
62 million pounds, 114 million pounds were recovered from scrap metals, and
another 315 million pounds was imported in refined form.
In 1985, 42 percent of nickel was used in stainless and heat-resistant steels, 1:5
percent in high-nickel alloys, 15 percent in electroplating, 8 percent in super alloys,
and 5 percent in other uses. Other commercial uses are in ceramics, special chemical
vessels, nickel-cadmium storage batteries, electric circuits, a dying process for
polypropylene, green glass coloring, and fuel cells. Nickel and nickel compounds
are also used as industrial catalysts.
The most commonly seen toxic effect of nickel and its compounds is skin sensitiza -
tion, as in the case of jewelry and the resulting "nickel itch." Nickel salts and
elemental nickel, the latter of which can be deposited in the lungs by inhalation of
nickel dust and particulates, are carcinogenic to the lungs and nasal passages.
Overexposure to nickel carbonyl (usually during nickel production by the Mond
process) can result in a variety of pulmonary and nerve symptoms. In severe
exposures, delayed symptoms can lead to death.5 Nickel compounds are carcino-
genic.
Nickel particles in the atmosphere remain aloft from a week to a month depending
on size and conditions. Nickel persists for years in water, and its compounds have
half-lives greater than 200 days in this medium. Nickel and its compounds are highly
toxic to aquatic life and plants, and cause adverse reproductive and developmental!
effects in animals.
Nickel compounds were ranked 49th in total TRI releases and transfers in 1989, and
contributed 9 percent (12.8 million pounds) to total releases and transfers of 33/50
metals and metal compounds. Top-ranked industries were, in order of significance,
the Primary Metals industry, Multiple SIC Codes, the Chemical industry, Miscella-
neous Manufacturing, and the Fabricated Metals industry. Together, facilities in
these top five industries accounted for 87 percent of total 1989 TRI releases and
transfers of nickel compounds. Nickel compounds were released primarily in the
form of off-site transfers (70 percent) and on-site land releases (23 percent). (See
Table 6-5; and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
Nickel was at number 54 for TRI total releases and transfers in 1989, and it made up
7 percent (9.5 million pounds) of the total volume of 33/50 metals and metal
compounds releases and transfers. Since 1988, nickel moved from TRI rank 59,
marking a 7 percent increase in this one-year period. Top industries for the release
and transfer of nickel were, in order of prominence, the Primary Metals industry, the
Fabricated Metals industry, the Transportation industry, the Machinery industry,
and the Multiple SIC Codes category. (See Table 6-2; and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
Nickel was the TRI chemical with the 21st greatest number of forms submitted,
which means that many facilities had activities involving nickel and/or its release
and transfer. (See Chapter 3, Table 3-9.)
270
-------
The 33/50 Program Chemicals
As with the 33/50 metals and metal compounds previously discussed, nickel releases
and transfers were dominated by off-site transfers (74 percent) and on-site land
releases (14 percent). Nickel was also released in the form of air emissions (10
percent). (See Table 6-5.)
Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds
Cadmium is a soft silver-white metal that occurs naturally in a compound state.
Cadmium is usually obtained from the smelting and refining of zinc ores. Domestic
production and imports of cadmium total about 8 million pounds, with imports
accounting for slightly over one-half of that amount. Cadmium compounds such as
cadmium oxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium sulfate, and cadmium chloride have a
variety of uses in fields including photography, analytical chemistry, printing,
electroplating and paint manufacturing.
Cadmium plating, which accounts for about one-third of domestic consumption,
helps protect iron, steel, and many alloys against corrosion. Batteries, especially the
nickel-cadmium variety, use about one-fourth of the domestic supply. The Weston
cell, noted for its nearly constant potential, uses cadmium sulfate as the electrolyte.
Early experiments with nickel-cadmium batteries in electric-powered automobiles
point to the chance of a dramatic increase in this use. Roughly one-fifth of cadmium
is used in pigments. Cadmium yellow (sulfide) is one of the brightest and most
permanent pigments, as is cadmium red (sulfoselenide). Less significant uses of
cadmium compounds include cadmium laurate as a plasticizer in vinyl chloride,
cadmium nitrate as a fixing agent in textiles, and cadmium halides in photography.
Cadmium can cause kidney and liver damage, anemia, and irritation of the respira-
tory tract. Exposure to high levels of airborne cadmium can result in pulmonary
edema and death. Chronic low-level exposure can result in fibrosis of the lung and
lung cancer.6
Atmospheric cadmium takes the form of fine particulate matter, which is dispersed
by wind. Cadmium compounds are relatively mobile in water unless binding and
adsorption by substances such as clay and iron oxide limit mobility. TRI data
contain limited information on the combustion of fossil fuels and no information on
the incineration of municipal wastes, both of which are estimated to be the greatest
sources of atmospheric cadmium. The use of cadmium-containing phosphate fertil-
izers is a substantial source of cadmium soil releases. Natural weathering releases
significant amounts of cadmium to surface water and groundwater. Above-average
concentrations of cadmium result in significant detrimental effects upon aquatic
life, where cadmium tends to bioaccumulate, particularly in the hepatopancreas of
crabs. Once absorbed, cadmium has a half-life of 10 to 50 years in the human body.
At number 125 for TRI total releases and transfers, cadmium compounds contrib- Cadmium compounds were
uted 0.5 percent (800,000 pounds) to total releases and transfers of 33/50 metals and ranked number 125 for total
metal compounds in 1989. Cadmium compound releases and transfers moved down TRI releas«s and transfers In
1989.
271
-------
Chapter 6
Cadmium was number 148
for total TRI releases and
transfers In 1989.
in TRI rank from number 105 in 1988, reflecting a decrease of 52 percent between
1988 and 1989 TRI reporting years. Cadmium compound releases and transfers
were dominated by the Primary Metals industry, the Chemical industry, the Elec-
tronic and Electrical industry, the Plastics industry, and the Fabricated Metals
industry. Together, facilities in the Chemical and Primary Metals industries ac-
counted for 61 percent of TRI cadmium compound releases and transfers, contribut-
ing 37 and 24 percent, respectively. Uses of cadmium compounds as accelerators in
butyl rubber production and as plasticers in vinyl chloride probably account for the
prominence of the Plastics industry. The environmental distribution for cadmium
compounds was distributed among off-site transfers (54 percent), on-site land
releases (33 percent), and air emissions (11 percent). (See Tables 6-2 and 6-5; and
Appendix J, Table J-2.)
Cadmium was ranked number 148 for 1989 total TRI releases and transfers, and
constituted 0.3 percent (388,000 pounds) to total releases and transfers of 33/50
metals and metal compounds. The top industries for releases and transfers of
cadmium were, in order of prominence, Primary Metals, Fabricated Metals, Mul-
tiple SIC Codes, Chemicals, and Plastics. The Primary-Metals and Fabricated
Metals industries combined accounted for 81 percent of total releases and transfers
of cadmium. Environmental distribution totals for cadmium showed 62 percent of
cadmium going to off-site transfers and 27 percent to on-site land releases. (Se«
Tables 6-2 and 6-5; and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
Mercury and Mercury Compounds
Mercury, a silver-white metal, exists as a liquid at room temperature. It occurs
naturally and its history of human use traces to ancient times. Mercury compound-
containing ore is found in rocks of all classes and is recovered almost exclusively
from the mineral cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). The majority of American mining
sites are concentrated in the western United States (California, Nevada, and Alaska).
In 1985, U.S. production and imports of mercury were roughly equivalent, with a
combined total of approximately 2.7 million pounds.
The largest domestic use of mercury is for electrical systems, followed by its use as
a catalyst for the chlorine and caustic chemical industries. Mercury compounds are
used as pigments, antibacterials, antiseptics, and pyrotechnics. The domestic pattern
of mercury compound use is changing with recent regulation. For example,
phenylmercuric acetate is no longer permitted in paint to control mildew and act as
a fungicide.
Mercury and its compounds are very toxic and affect a variety of body systems.
Inorganic forms generally affect the lungs and abdominal organs, while organic
compounds tend to attack the central nervous system, including the brain. Severe
poisoning from organic compounds may produce irreversible brain damage, result-
ing in the loss of higher functions.
272
-------
The 33150 Program Chemicals
Natural outgassing of mercury from minerals is a major source of atmospheric
mercury. Releases from industrial applications, such as mining and smelting of ores,
processing and use of mercury compounds, and coal combustion, are estimated at
5.5 million pounds worldwide.7 Because its residence time in the atmosphere is
estimated to be between months and years, mercury travels long distances before it
is deposited to land or water. Release to surface waters also results from industrial
processes and the weathering of mercury-bearing minerals. Ground and soil con-
tamination occurs through fertilizers and fungicides containing mercury compounds
and as a result of landfill disposal of products such as electrical switches and
thermometers. Mercury compounds released to the environment are stable and
change slowly between organic and inorganic forms. Bio-magnification of mercury
in the food chain, as seen with methylmercury in fish, presents a particular hazard in
areas where mercury has been released even at relatively low levels.
Mercury was ranked number 165 for total TRI releases and transfers in 1989,
accounting for 0.1 percent of total 33/50 releases and transfers of metals and metal
compounds (159,000 pounds), while mercury compounds were ranked within TRI at
number 189, contributing 0.04 percent (57,000 pounds) to 33/50 releases and
transfers within the metals and metal compounds class. Mercury moved from
number 160 to 165 between 1988 and 1989; however, this change marked a decrease
of releases and transfers of 46 percent. Releases and transfers of mercury com-
pounds, however, increased by 165 percent (or, have more than doubled) since
1988, moving mercury compounds from number 211 to number 189 in 1989. (See
Table 6-2.) .
Facilities in the Chemical industry, the Electrical industry, the Multiple SIC Codes
category, the Primary Metals industry, andjthe Transportation industry and the No
Codes category (both at fifth place), respectively, accounted for the largest releases
and transfers of mercury in 1989. The Chemical industry was responsible for 81
percent of total TRI releases and transfers oif mercury, while the Electrical industry
contributed 13 percent For mercury compounds, top industries in order of promi-
nence were the Electrical industry, the Chertiical industry, the Plastics industry, the
No Codes category, and the Primary Metals industry. The Electrical industry
accounted for 66 percent of total releases and transfers of mercury compounds in
1989, while the Chemical industry accounted for 30 percent. For mercury com-
pounds, 91 percent of releases and transfers was in the form of off-site transfers,
followed by air emissions (7 percent). The releases and transfers of mercury were
primarily composed of off-site transfers (78 percent) and air emissions (16 percent).
(See Table 6-5; and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
Mercury was number 165
and mercury compounds
were number 1S9 for TRI
releases and transfers In
1989.
273
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Chapter 6
Impact of 33/50 Metals and Metal Compounds upon TRI
Totals
The significant industries for the releases and transfers of 33/50 chemicals of this
class were the Chemical and Primary Metals industries. These industries, and often
individual facilities within them, had a marked effect upon overall TRI patterns
involving metals and metal compounds.
33/50 metals and metal
compounds contributed 13%
to 1989 on-slte land releases
and 8% to total off-site
transfers.
33/50 non-halogenated
organlca made up 13% of
total TRI releases and
transfers and 56% of all 33/
50 releases and transfers.
Releases and transfers of all 33/50 metals and metal compounds affected the 1989
TRI industrial, geographic, and environmental totals. Chromium compounds ranked
number five for overall TRI on-site releases to land in 1989, and the combined class
of 33/50 metals and metal compounds accounted for 13 percent of the TRI total on-
site land releases. Off-site transfers of the 33/50 class of metals and metal com-
pounds represented 8 percent of the off-site transfer total for all TRI chemicals in
1989. It should be noted that air emissions made up the third-largest release or
transfer category for the 33/50 metals and metal compounds, although they consti-
tuted a very small share of total TRI ah- emissions, due to the prominence of other
chemical classes (see below). (See Table 6-5.)
Non-Halogenafed Organic Chemicals
The chemical class of non-halogenated organics includes the 33/50 chemicals
benzene, toluene, the xylenes, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone. The
term "non-halogenated" refers to the absence of elements known as the halogens,
including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. This category may be
broken into two subgroups for descriptive purposes: the aromatic chemicals and the
ketones.
Benzene, toluene, and the xylenes belong to a group of compounds known as
aromatic compounds (so named for their odors). Benzene, toluene, and the xylenes
are produced as a major by-product of petroleum refining. They are used in
gasolines, solvents, and as raw materials for plastics and other chemicals industry
products. These chemicals contribute to smog formation, and benzene is a known
human carcinogen.
Methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone belong to a group of compounds
known as ketones. They are common chemical solvents and intermediates noted for
their contribution to smog formation. Because of their pleasant scents, ketones have
been used in the flavoring and perfume industries.
This 33/50 class, as a group including benzene, toluene, the xylenes, methyl ethyl
ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, accounted for 13 percent of total TRI releases
and transfers and 56 percent of total 33/50 releases and transfers in 1989. Releases
and transfers of 33/50 non-halogenated organic chemicals were headed by facilities
in the Chemical industry, which accounted for 19 percent (144.4 million pounds) of
total releases and transfers of 33/50 non-halogenated organics. Facilities in the
274
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The 33150 Program Chemicals
Multiple SIC Codes category were ranked second, with a 13 percent (99.2 million
pounds) contribution to this 33/50 total, followed by facilities in the Transportation
industry, which represented 11 percent (84.6 million pounds) of releases and
transfers of all 33/50 non-halogenated organics. With a 6.8 percent contribution to
total releases and transfers of 33/50 non-halogenated organics, the Plastics industry
was ranked fourth. The Printing industry was ranked fifth, with 6.7 percent of the
total. (See Table 6-6.)
Unlike the class of 33/50 metals and metal compounds, this class contained a
broader range of facilities in industries which contributed significantly to total
releases and transfers. In addition to the five industries listed above, six other
industries each contributed over 25 million pounds of 1989 total releases and
transfers of chemicals in this 33/50 class: the Paper industry (48.6 million pounds),
the Fabricated Metals industry (44.7 million pounds), the Furniture industry (38.8
million pounds), the Petroleum industry (29.7 million pounds), the Primary Metals
industry (28.3 million pounds), and the Electrical industry (25.1 million pounds).
(See Appendix J, Table J-2.)
Two of the top five industries in the 33/50 non-halogenated organics class, the
Transportation and Printing industries, were 33/50-intensive. Over half (58 percent)
of the total releases and transfers of facilities in the Transportation industry fell into
the general 33/50 category. Of this 33/50 total, 59 percent was in the 33/50 non-
halogenated organics class, indicating that these chemicals played a large role
within the overall releases and transfers of facilities in this industry. (See Appendix
J, Table J-2.)
Table 6-6. Top Five Industries for Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Organics, 1989.
SIC INDUSTRY RELEASES AND PERCENT OF PERCENT OF PERCENT OF TRI
CODE TRANSFERS OF TOTAL 33/50 TOTAL TRI TOTAL RELEASES
33/50 ORGANICS ORGANICS RELEASES ORGANICS RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
AND TRANSFERS AND TRANSFERS
28
37
30
27
Chemicals
Multiple Codes 20-39
Transportation
Plastics
Printing
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL FOR ALL INDUSTRIES
Pounds
144,355,512
99,181,444
84,596,216
50,681,089
49,029,420
378,814,261
362,102,364
740,916,625
19.48
13.39
11.42
6.84
6.62
51.13
48.87
100.00
6.88
4.73
4.03
2.42
2.34
18.07
17.27
35.34
2.53
1.74
1.48
0.89
0.86
6.64
6.35
12.99
275
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Chapter 6
Air emission* made up 80%
of releases and transfers of
33/50 non-halogenated
organlcs.
The 33/50 non-halogenated organics were even more significant to facilities in the
Printing industry, which was fifth overall for releases and transfers of 33/50 non-
halogenated organics in 1989. In 1989, 89 percent of the total TRI releases arid
transfers of facilities in the Printing industry fell within the 33/50 class. A large
proportion, or 91 percent, of these 33/50 releases and transfers was in the 33/50 nom-
halogenated organics class. Toluene's use as a solvent for ink may be the reason for
its role in the releases and transfers of the Printing industry.
This 33/50 class was dominated by air emissions, which accounted for 80 percent of
total releases and transfers, followed by off-site transfers, which represented 18
percent of the total releases and transfers of 33/50 non-halogenated organics. While
these totals were relatively consistent with those for the overall TRI class of non-
halogenated organics, air emissions were significantly higher for the 33/50 sub-
group. The overall TRI distribution for this chemical class was comprised of 68
percent air emissions, followed by 9 percent off-site transfers, with the difference
mostly made up by underground injection (5 percent). (See Table 6-7; and Chapter
3, Figure 3-6.)
Map 6-3 shows the state distribution of releases and transfers of the 33/50 non-
halogenated organics. States with over 25 million pounds of releases and transfers of
33/50 non-halogenated organics in 1989 were Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Minne-
sota, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Virginia.
Table 6-7. Enviromental Distribution of Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Organlcs, 1989.
CHEMICAL
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Benzene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
AIR
Pounds Percent
255,437,878
127,631,835
30,682,832
24,683,026
147,486,804
1,167,356
1,799,130
4,720,073
593,608,934
1,833,452,972
2,427,061,906
79.20
81.30
78.98
86.33
79.53
79.64
80.22
98.11
80.12
36.93
42.54
SURFACE
WATER
Pounds Percent
173,361
66,267
445^38
168,904
184,952
2,642
3,134
2,016
1,046,814
187,907,070
188,953,884
0.05
0.04
1.15
0.59
0.10
0.18
0.14
0.40
0.14
3.78
3.31
LAND
Pounds Percent
402,116
163,877
20,891
114,219
468,064
5,730
3,480
2,285
1,180,662
443,555,888
444,736,550
0.12
0.10
0.05
0.40
0.25
0.39
0.16
0.05
0.16
8.93
7.79
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds Percent
620,393
200,698
81,850
668,610
70,161
0
0
0
1,641,712
1,179,189,469
1,180,831,181
0.19
0.13
0.21
2.34
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
23.75
20.70
276
-------
The 33150 Program Chemicals
Map 6-3. Tolal TRI Releases and Transfers by State for 33/50 Organics.
Table 6-7, continued. • • - ~
CHEMICAL
Pounds
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Benzene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Percent Pounds
3,097,543
763,242
1,273,733
1,120,613
3,855,426
2,051
132,761
500
10,245,869
540,788,827
551,034,696
0.96
0.49
3.28
3.92
2.08
0.14
5.92
0.01
1.38
10.89
9.66
OFF-SITE
Percent Pounds
62,789,885
28,166,723
6,344,859
1,836,035
33,376,628
287,999
304,156
86,349
133,192,634
779,859,529
913,052,163
19.47
17.94
16.33
6.42
18.00
19.65
13.56
1.79
17.98
15.71
16.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Percent
322,521,176 100.00
156,992,642 100.00
38,849,703 100.00
28,591,407 100.00
185,442,035 100.00
1,465,778 100.00
2,242,661 100.00
4,811,223 100.00
740,916,625 100.00
4,964,753,755 100.00
5,705,670,380 100.00
277
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Chapter 6
Toluene was ttw number one
33/50 chemical for total
releases and transfers.
Toluene plays a large role In
many 33/50-intensIve
Industries.
Toluene
Toluene is a clear, sweet-smelling, colorless liquid that is found in nature in the tollu
tree and as a component of crude oil. Toluene is derived from catalytic reforming of
petroleum, by fractional distillation of coal-tar light oil, and by natural conversion.
Toluene is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced domestically; in 1985, it
was the 27th highest volume chemical produced in the United States.
Most of the toluene produced in the United States remains in gasoline. Only about
11 percent is isolated, and a portion of that is used as an additive to gasoline to
improve octane ratings. Toluene is used in the production of benzene, phenol,
caprolactam, explosives, detergents, and polyurethane resins. It is also used in
Pharmaceuticals synthesis and as an anthelminthic agent against roundworms and
hookworms. Toluene is an important solvent for paints and coatings, gums, resins,
most oils, rubber, and vinyl organosols. It is a diluent and thinner in nitrocellulose
lacquers and an adhesive solvent in plastic toys and model airplanes. Nail polish is
one of a number of common consumer products containing toluene.
Exposure to high vapor concentrations of toluene (over 200 parts per million for
eight hours) affects the central nervous system. Symptoms include fatigue, muscle
weakness, headache, dizziness, confusion, poor coordination, nausea and vomiting.
Prolonged contact can cause dry, irritated skin. Large overexposures can result in
loss of consciousness and death, and liver injury has been reported in survivors of
serious overexposures.8
Toluene readily evaporates from water and breaks down quickly in the soil. It
degrades rapidly in the air (with a half-life of less than a day) to yield simple
hydrocarbons, contributing to smog formation. Automobile emissions are a large
source of releases of toluene to the atmosphere since gasolines typically contain five
to seven percent toluene by weight. Automobile emissions are not reportable to TRI.
Toluene was the number one 33/50 chemical, ranked fifth in TRI total releases and
transfers with a 6 percent (322.5 million pounds) contribution to the 1989 TRI total.
Toluene moved up in TRI rank from number six in 1988; however, this marked a
decrease in total releases and transfers of 8 percent. Within the overall 33/50 sub-
group, toluene accounted for 24 percent of all releases and transfers, and contributed
44 percent to all releases and transfers of 33/50 non-halogenated organic chemicals.
Facilities with the largest TRI releases and transfers of toluene were grouped, in
order of prominence, in the Chemical industry, the Printing industry, Multiple SIC
Codes, the Paper industry, and the Plastics industry. (See Table 6-2; and Appendix
J, Table J-2.)
Toluene played a particularly significant role within the 33/50-intensive industries.
Toluene was the number one 33/50 chemical released and transferred by three 33/
50-intensive industries: Printing, Miscellaneous Manufacturing, and Furniture.
Toluene was among the top five 33/50 chemicals of all of the 33/50-intensive
278
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The 33/50 Program Chemicals
industries. When the contribution of toluene to the 33/50 releases and transfers of
each of the 33/50-intensive industries is averaged, it accounts for 28 percent, or
close to one-third, of their 33/50 releases and transfers. (See Appendix J, Table J-2.)
Toluene was the TRI chemical with the second-largest number of forms submitted
to TRI. Of the total TRI forms received in 1989, toluene accounted for almost 5
percent, indicating that a significant proportion of TRI facilities had activities
involving this chemical. (See Chapter 3, Table 3-9.) The releases and transfers of
toluene was not dominated by single facilities and single industries, which may be
seen by the fact that the top five facilities releasing toluene accounted for only 8
percent of total releases and transfers of this chemical. (See Appendix G, Table G-
Because toluene was released at such high volumes relative to other 33/50 chemi-
cals, and most TRI chemicals, it had a deep effect upon environmental, geographic,
and industrial trends. The environmental distribution of toluene, for example, was
dominated by air emissions (79 percent of total releases and transfers of toluene),
followed by off-site transfers (19 percent). The overall TRI class of non-halogenated
organics reflected the distribution of toluene. Of total TRI releases and transfers for
the non-halogenated organic chemical class, 68 percent went to air. Toluene alone
contributed 18 percent (255.4 million pounds) to this TRI total. Toluene was the
number-one TRI chemical for air emissions, contributing 10 percent to the TRI total
for this mode of release. For off-site transfers, toluene accounted for 20 percent
(62.8 million pounds) of the total for the TRI non-halogenated organics class. (See
Table 6-7; and Chapter 3, Figure 3-6, and Tables 3-12 and 3-14.)
The states with facilities reporting the largest releases and transfers of toluene also
reflected this influence. Toluene was the number two TRI chemical for Minnesota,
and was also the number two TRI chemical for Kentucky and South Carolina It was
the number four and number seven TRI chemical for total releases and transfers in
Indiana and Texas, respectively. In Minnesota, Kentucky, and South Carolina, air
emissions made up a significant proportion of the state's total TRI releases and
transfers, due in part to the effect of toluene. Out of all 55 states and jurisdictions
reporting to TRI, toluene ranked in the top ten TRI chemicals for 47. In 22 states,
toluene fell within the top three TRI chemicals for overall releases and transfers,
demonstrating that this chemical plays a prominent role within the manufacturing
sector of many states and territories. (See Chapter 3, Table 3-19; and Appendix H,
Table H-1.) The fact that toluene was within the top ten TRI chemicals for 20 out of
22 SIC codes (only the Food and the Primary Metals industries did not report toluene
as a top ten chemical) helps to explain the breadth of its geographic distribution.
(See Appendix I, Table 1-2.)
In 1989, toluene was the number one 33/50 chemical for total releases and transfers
in 29 states. In 48 states, this chemical was among the top three 33/50 chemicals for
total releases and transfers. (See Appendix J, Table J-l.)
Toluene had the 2nd-largest
number of forms submitted
to TRI in 1989.
Toluene accounted for 10%
of 1989 total TRI air
emissions.
In 1989, toluene was a top
TRI chemical in 47 states.
Toluene was in the top 3
33/50 chemicals for 48
states.
279
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Chapter 6
Xylone (mixed Isomers) was
the number 8 chemical for
tola] TRI releases and
transfers.
Xylenes
The term "xylene (mixed isomers)" comprises any mixture containing two or more
of the isomers ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, and para-xylene (abbreviated o-xylene,
m-xylene, and p-xylene, respectively). A typical mixed xylene contains 20 percent
o-xylene, 45 percent m-xylene, 20 percent p-xylene, and 15 percent impurities.
Xylenes are colorless, sweet-smelling, flammable liquids that occur naturally in
petroleum and coal tar. They evaporate readily. Xylene (mixed isomers), m-xylene,
p-xylene, and o-xylene are each reported to TRI as separate chemicals.
Nearly all of the mixed isomers are manufactured as a catalytic reformate of
petroleum. The individual isomers are isolated from this mixed xylene through
further steps including crystallization, fractionation, distillation, solvent extraction
and adsorption. United States refiners produced over 6.5 billion pounds of mixed
xylenes in recent years, and imports add substantially to the total domestic consump-
tion. Roughly 30 percent of the mixed xylenes is used in solvents or blended into
gasolines. The remaining 70 percent is separated into components.
High-level exposure to xylenes causes irritation of the nose and throat, headache,
nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, light-headedness, loss of patience, loss of
appetite, reduced coordination, and unconsciousness. Toxic effects are enhanced by
alcohol consumption. Xylenes are absorbed slowly through the skin, and severe lung
damage can occur if xylene is inhaled. Low level, long-term exposure has not been
associated with major health problems.
Air emissions from industrial sources, automobile exhaust, and solvent volatiliza-
tion contribute to the major releases of xylenes. While in liquid form, xylenes are
highly toxic to aquatic life and plants. In the lower atmosphere, xylenes are rapidly
transformed through photo-oxidation. Worldwide releases to the environment have
been estimated to be roughly 6 billion pounds annually, with virtually all of this total
reaching the atmosphere.9
Xylene (mixed isomers) ranked second for 1989 releases and transfers of all 33/50
chemicals, and was number eight in 1989 TRI rankings with a contribution of 3
percent (185.4 million pounds) to total TRI releases and transfers. Xylene (mixed
isomers) accounted for one-fourth of all releases and transfers in the 33/50 non-
halogenated organics class. Overall releases and transfers of xylene (mixed isomers)
moved from number 11 in 1988 TRI rankings, though marking a decrease in volume
of 3 percent Top industries for the release and transfer of xylene (mixed isomers)
were, in order of significance, the Transportation industry, the Chemical industry,
the Fabricated Metals industry, the Electrical industry, and the Multiple SIC Codes
category. Together, the Transportation and Chemical industries accounted for 41
percent of total releases and transfers of xylene (mixed isomers). Like toluene,,
xylene (mixed isomers) was a top chemical for a significant number of industries;
for 15 of the 22 SIC reporting categories, xylene (mixed isomers) was a top ten TRI
chemical. (See Table 6-2; Appendix I, Table 1-2.)
250
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The 33150 Program Chemicals
In 1989, xylene (mixed isomers) ranked fourth in all of TRI for the number of forms
submitted (over 4 percent of total TRI forms received) and was one of the top ten
TRI chemicals in each of 36 states and other reporting jurisdictions, indicating that
it was a prominent chemical across a wide range of industrial and geographic
categories. (See Chapter 3, Table 3-9; and Appendix H, Table H-1.) The wide use of
mixed isomers of xylene in the production of such things as plastic soft drink bottles
and polyester fibers may help account for its ubiquity.
The majority of xylene (mixed isomers) was released to air (80 percent), followed by
off-site transfers (18 percent). Of total xylene (mixed isomers) air releases, 68
percent was in the form of point source emissions, with the rest as fugitive air
emissions. (See Table 6-7.)
When p-xylene is manufactured, processed, or otherwise used in a state unmixed
with any other isomers of xylene, it occupies a separate TRI listing, as do o-xylene
and m-xylene. In 1989, p-xylene was ranked number 70 in TRI for total releases and
transfers, and contributed 0.6 percent (4.8 million pounds) to 33/50 releases and
transfers within the class of non-halogenated organics. The top industries for
releases and transfers of p-xylene were, respectively, the Chemical industry, the
Multiple SIC Codes category, the Petroleum industry, the Transportation industry,
and the Measuring/Photographic industry. Facilities in the Chemical industry
accounted for 78 percent of all releases and transfers of p-xylene, indicating that this
chemical, instead of playing a large role in a spectrum of industries, was primarily
transferred and released by facilities in a single industrial category. (See Table 6-2;
and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
In 1989, p-xylene was almost exclusively released to air (98 percent), with the
remainder going to off-site transfers (2 percent). However, the relatively low
volumes of p-xylene releases and transfers prevented this chemical from standing
out in 1989 TRI environmental or geographic totals. Only the U.S. Virgin Islands,
for which p-xylene was the number two TRI chemical out of the islands' total
releases and transfers, clearly showed the influence of a facility's releases and
transfers of p-xylene. (See Table 6-7; and Appendix H, Table H-l.)
At number 95 for total TRI releases and transfers (2.2 million pounds) in 1989, o-
xylene contributed 0.3 percent to total 33/50 releases and transfers in the class of
non-halogenated organic chemicals. The top industries for the release and transfer of
o-xylene were, in order of chemical volume, the Chemical industry, the Multiple
SIC Codes category, the Petroleum industry, the Leather industry, and the Textiles
industry. Again, the Chemical industry accounted for a significant proportion of
total releases and transfers of o-xylene, with a contribution of 64 percent (See Table
6-2; and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
The environmental distribution for o-xylene was made up largely of air emissions
(80 percent), followed by off-site transfers (14 percent) and public sewage (6
percent), reflecting the general trend for this class of chemicals. (See Table 6-7.)
Reporting of xylene (mixed
Isomers) represented the
4th-greatest number of
forms In all of TRI in 1989.
Para-xylene was number 70
for total TRI releases and
transfers in 1989.
Ortho-xylene was number
95 for total TRI releases and
transfers in 1989.
281
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Chapter 6
Mela-xylene was number 103
for tout TRI releases and
transfers in 1989.
Methyl ethyl ketone was
number 11 for total TRI
releases and transfers In
1989.
Ranked number 103 for TRI total releases and transfers in 1989 (1.5 million
pounds), m-xylene contributed 0.2 percent to total 33/50 releases and transfers of the
class of non-halogenated organic chemicals. The most significant industries for the
release and transfer of m-xylene were, in order of prominence, the Chemical
industry, the Petroleum industry, the Primary Metals industry, the Multiple SIC
Codes category, and the Leather industry. The Chemical industry accounted for 30
percent of the total releases and transfers of m-xylene. The top five industries
combined were responsible for 91 percent of that total. (See Table 6-2; and
Appendix J, Table J-2.)
The environmental distribution for m-xylene was divided solely between air emis-
sions (80 percent) and off-site transfers (20 percent). (See Table 6-7.)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone, a flammable liquid, does not occur naturally. It is produced by
fermentation, by the controlled oxidation of butane, or by the hydrolysis of n-
butylene with aqueous sulfuric acid, followed by distillation to separate the interme-
diate sec-butyl alcohol, which is subsequently oxidized. The United States produced
approximately 500 million pounds of methyl ethyl ketone in 1985, with current
production remaining at about this level.
Methyl ethyl ketone is used as a solvent for gums, resins, nitrocellulose coatings,
and vinyl films. It is used extensively in the synthetic rubber industry and in
production of paraffin wax and high-grade lubricating oils. Other applications
include use in cements and adhesives, organic synthesis, manufacture of smokeless
powder, cleaning fluids, printing materials, and as a catalyst carrier. Methyl ethyl
ketone is a common component of many household products such as lacquers,
varnishes, paint remover, and glue.
Methyl ethyl ketone can enter the body either through inhalation or skin absorption.
Its effects include irritation of the nose and throat, headaches, numbness in the
fingers and arms, numbness and weakness in the legs, nausea, vomiting, light-
headedness, dizziness, loss of coordination, and unconsciousness. Methyl ethyl
ketone has arelatively high solubility in water, and because of this and its high vapor
pressure, it volatizes slowly from water and is mobile in soil. It is moderately toxic
to aquatic life and contributes to smog formation.10
Methyl ethyl ketone, the fourth-ranked 33/50 chemical, was number 11 for overall
TRI releases and transfers (157.0 million pounds) in 1989. It contributed 3 percent
to total TRI releases and transfers, marking a decrease of 3 percent from 1988.
Methyl ethyl ketone contributed 12 percent to total 33/50 releases and transfers, arid
21 percent to 33/50 releases and transfers of the non-halogenated organic class. Top
industries were, in order of prominence, the Multiple SIC Codes category, the
Plastics industry, the Chemical industry, the Transportation industry, and the
Fabricated Metals industry. Multiple SIC Codes alone contributed 25 percent to
282
-------
The 33150 Program Chemicals
total TRI methyl ethyl ketone releases and transfers, and this industry together with
the other top four industrial categories accounted for 63 percent of this total. (See
Table 6-2; and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
In 1989, methyl ethyl ketone was ranked number ten in TRI for total number of
forms submitted (almost 3 percent of all forms received by EPA), indicating that,
like the xylenes (mixed isomers) and toluene, this chemical was manufactured,
processed, or otherwise used by a large number of facilities and industries. In 1989,
methyl ethyl ketone was a top ten TRI chemical for 16 of the 22 SIC codes, and was
ranked within the top three TRI chemicals for several industries that did not show up
with the largest TRI releases and transfers of the chemical (such as the Textiles and
Apparel industries). This indicates that releases and transfers of methyl ethyl ketone
cut a broad path across many industries. (See Chapter 3, Table 3-9, and Appendix I,
Table 1-1.)
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone is a colorless liquid produced by hydrogenau'on of mesityl
oxide. Methyl isobutyl ketone is used as a solvent for paints, varnishes, and
nitrocellulose lacquers, in the manufacture of methyl amyl alcohol, and in extraction
processes including the extraction of uranium from fission products. It is also used
in organic synthesis and as a denaturant for alcohol.
Elevated short-term exposure to methyl isobutyl ketone causes nose and throat
irritation, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, headache, drowsiness, dizzi-
ness, and loss of balance. Repeated or long-term exposure can also result in
weakness, eye irritation, stomach pain, sore throat, fatigue, insomnia, intestinal
pain, enlarged liver, and colitis. Methyl isobutyl ketone is slightly toxic to aquatic
life and is thought to contribute to smog formation."
Methyl isobutyl ketone was ranked number 29 for total TRI releases and transfers
(38.8 million pounds) in 1989, and contributed over 5 percent to 33/50 releases and
transfers in the non-halogenated organics class. Since 1988, releases and transfers of
methyl isobutyl ketone decreased by 13 percent. The top industries contributing to
the release and transfer of methyl isobutyl ketone were, in order of significance, the
Chemical industry, the Transportation industry, the Multiple SIC Codes category,
the Fabricated Metals industry, and the Plastics industry. The Furniture industry was
also a major contributor. Together, these top six industries accounted for 77 percent
of total TRI releases and transfers of methyl isobutyl ketone in 1989. (See Table 6-
2; and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
The overall environmental totals for methyl isobutyl ketone were divided between
air emissions (79 percent), off-site transfers (16 percent), and transfers to public
sewage (3 percent). (See Table 6-7.)
In 1989, methyl ethyl ketone
was 10th in TRI for the
number of chemical forms
received.
Methyl isobutyl ketone was
number 29 for total TRI
releases and transfers in
1989.
283
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Chapter 6
Benzene was number 35 for
TRI releases and transfers in
1989.
Benzene
Benzene is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid that occurs naturally in plants and
animals and as a result of volcanoes and forest fires. It is produced by the catalytic
reforming of petroleum, the pyrolysis of gasoline, the hydrodealkylation of toluene,
and the fractional distillation of coal tar. Petroleum sources account for over 90
percent of U.S. production of benzene, with about 7 percent derived from coal
(before World War II most benzene came from the latter source). Gasoline produc-
tion processes use about one-half of the current supply. The content of benzene in
gasoline averages less than one percent, but can be as high as four percent.
Benzene is used primarily as an intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals
and products, including ethylbenzene (used to produce styrene), cumene (used to
produce phenol), dodecylbenzene (for detergents), cyclohexane (for nylon), nitro-
benzene, maleic anhydride, chlorobenzene, diphenyl, hexachlorobenzene, and ben-
zene sulfonic acid. Benzene has been widely used as a solvent in products such as
rubber cement and paint removers; however, this use has decreased, now accounting
for less than 2 percent of benzene consumption.
Short-term effects of benzene center upon the nervous system, causing drowsiness,
dizziness, headache, light-headedness, nausea, and decreased coordination. Ben-
zene vapor causes mild irritation of the respiratory tract, while very high levels
result in decreased judgement, loss of balance, and ringing ears. Unconsciousness or
death may result. Longer term exposure to benzene can impair the formation of red
and white blood cells and platelets, and the bone marrow may be affected, causing
cancer of the white blood cells (leukemia). There may be considerable variability
from person to person in the cells affected and the level of red and white blood cell
deficiency. Prolonged low-level exposure can damage the nervous system.12
Benzene is highly toxic to plants and animals, particularly aquatic life. However, the
life of benzene in the environment is relatively short. Residence time in the
atmosphere is only a few days before chemical reactions with other substances
reduce benzene concentrations, and biodegradation acts on soil- and water-associ-
ated benzene with similar results.
Benzene was the number 35 chemical for total TRI releases and transfers in 1989,
with a 4 percent contribution to the release and transfer of 33/50 non-halogenated
organic chemicals (28.6 million pounds). Since 1988, benzene moved down from
number 34 in total TRI rankings, reflecting a decrease of 11 percent between 1988
and 1989 reporting periods. The top industries for the release and transfer of benzene
included, in order of volume, the Primary Metals industry, the Chemical industry,
the Petroleum industry, the Multiple SIC Codes category, and the No SIC Codes (20-
39) category. The top two industries, Primary Metals and Chemicals, accounted for
71 percent of total TRI releases and transfers of benzene. As opposed to the non-
halogenated organics discussed above, benzene did not play a prominent role in a
broad range of industries; it was a top ten TRI chemical for only the Petroleum
industry. (See Table 6-2; Appendix I, Table 1-1; and Appendix J, Table 3-2.)
284
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The 33150 Program Chemicals
In 1989, benzene was a top 10 TRI chemical for two states (Alaska and Hawaii) and
was the number one TRI chemical in one jurisdiction, the U.S. Virgin Islands (only
one form was submitted for the release and transfer of benzene in the U.S. Virgin
Islands). (See Appendix H, Table H-l.)
The environmental distribution for benzene was, like that of the rest of the non-
halogenated organics, heavily weighted in favor of air emissions (86 percent),
followed by off-site transfers (6 percent) and transfers to public sewage (4 percent).
(See Table 6-7.)
Impact of 33/50 Non-Halogenated Organic Chemicals
upon TRI Totals
The 33/50 non-halogenated organic chemicals occupied a particularly prominent
position within 1989 TRI totals. For TRI total releases and transfers by TRI class,
toluene, xylene (mixed isomers), and methyl ethyl ketone played significant roles.
Due to the high volumes of these chemicals released and transferred in 1989, toluene
was ranked second, xylene (mixed isomers) fourth, and methyl ethyl ketone fifth as
top TRI chemicals in the TRI class of non-halogenated organics.
Because they were released so often as air emissions, the 33/50 non-halogenated
organic chemicals also figured heavily in TRI environmental totals. Toluene was the
number one TRI chemical for overall air emissions in 1989, constituting 10 percent
of all TRI releases to air. The environmental distribution for non-halogenated
organic chemicals, so consistent for the 33/50 chemicals within this class, were
reinforced by these 33/50 non-halogenated organics even when their individual
volumes were too low to allow them to stand out within top TRI rankings.
Combined, the 33/50 non-halogenated organics accounted for 15 percent of all TRI
emissions to akin 1989 (over lOpercent of all TRI air emissions weredue to toluene
alone, as noted above). (See Table 6-7.)
Halogenated Organic Chemicals
The six chlorinated organic chemicals on the 33/50 list, carbon tetrachloride,
chloroform, methylene chloride, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and
trichloroethylene, belong to the larger TRI class of halogenated organic chemicals.
The halogenated organic chemicals all contain varying amounts of halogen(s),
which in this case is chlorine (other halogens include fluorine, bromine, iodine, and
astatine). Several of these chemicals deplete ozone in the upper atmosphere, making
them apt targets for the 33/50 pollution prevention initiative. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
and carbon tetrachloride, both 33/50 chemicals, are ozone-depleters.
The six 33/50 halogenated organic chemicals see widespread use as industrial
chemicals employed to manufacture other chemicals, as common components of
many consumer products, and as solvents. Because of their photochemically reac-
The 33/50 non-halogenated
organics contributed 15% to
total TRI air emissions in
1989.
255
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Chapter 6
The 33/50 halogenated
organlcs accounted for 7%
of total TRI releases and
transfers In 1989.
live nature, some of these chemicals contribute to smog formation. Trichloroethyl-
ene and tetrachloroethylene have short lives in the lower atmosphere, which results
in smog formation but which prevents them from depleting the ozone layer.
The 33/50 halogenated organic chemicals contributed 32 percent to total releases
and transfers of 33/50 chemicals, and 7 percent to total TRI releases and transfers in
1989. Releases and transfers of this 33/50 chemical class were dominated by
facilities in the Chemical industry, which accounted for 14 percent of the 33/50 class
total. Facilities in the Transportation industry were second, with 13 percent of the
total 33/50 releases and transfers of halogenated organics, followed by facilities in
the Multiple SIC Codes category (11 percent), the Fabricated Metals industry (10
percent), and the Plastics industry (10 percent). Other significant industries in the
release and transfer of 33/50 halogenated organics were the Electrical industry (9
percent of total 33/50 releases and transfers of halogenated organics) and the
Primary Metals industry (7 percent). (See Tables 6-2 and 6-8; and Appendix J, Table
J-2.)
One of the top industries for the release and transfer of 33/50 halogenated organics,
Transportation, was also 33/50-intensive. Of the Transportation industry's total
1989 releases and transfers, 58 percent fell within the overall 33/50 category. A
significant share, 14 percent, of the Transportation industry's 33/50 releases and
transfers were made up of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, a halogenated organic chemical.
(The Transportation industry was the top industry for 1989 TRI releases and
transfers of this chemical.) These figures indicate that the halogenated organics, as
well as the non-halogenated organics, played a significant role in determining the
33/50-intensive status of the Transportation industry.
Table 6-8. Top Five Industries for Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Halo-organics, 1989.
SIC INDUSTRY
CODE
RELEASES AND PERCENT OF TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL PERCENT OF TRI
TRANSFERS OF 33/50 HALO-ORGANICS TRI HALO-ORGANICS TOTAL RELEASES
33/50 HALO-ORGANICS RELEASES AND RELEASES AND AND TRANSFERS
TRANSFERS TRANSFERS
Pounds
28
37
34
30
Chemicals
Transportation
Multiple Codes 20-39
Fabricated Metals
Plastics
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TOTAL FOR ALL INDUSTRIES
57,604,413
53,944,712
47,951,257
43,761,683
42,149,457
203,262,065
223,088,411
426,350,476
13.51
12.65
11.25
10.26
9.89
47.67
52.33
100.00
10.26
9.61
8.54
7.80
7.51
36.21
39.74
75.95
1.01
0.95
0.84
0.77
0.74
3.56
3.91
7.47
256
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The 33150 Program Chemicals
The environmental distribution of the 33/50 halogenated organic chemicals was
similar to that of the 33/50 non-halogenated organics: in 1989 slightly under 88
percent of the 33/50 halogenated organics was air emissions, followed by off-site
transfers (11 percent) and transfers to public sewage (1 percent). (See Table 6-9.)
Map 6-4 shows the state distribution of 33/50 halogenated organics releases and
transfers. States with over 20 million pounds of 33/50 halogenated organics releases
and transfers in 1989 were California, Illinois, Indiana, New York, Ohio, and
Pennsylvania.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (also known as methyl chloroform) is a colorless chemical
with a sweet, sharp odor that evaporates quickly. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is not a
naturally occurring chemical.
The United States produced approximately 700 million pounds of 1,1,1-
trichloroethane in recent years. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane was initially developed as a
replacement for carbon tetrachloride because of its safer properties as a solvent. It is
used as a solvent for the cleaning of precision instruments, for metal degreasing, and
for textile processing. It is also employed in pesticides, aerosols, stain repellants,
and printing inks. The most significant uses are in cold cleaning, vapor degreasing,
adhesives, aerosols, and electronics. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is found in a number of
common household products, such as spray paints and primers, silicone lubricants,
oven cleaners, drain cleaners, and spot removers.
Millions of Pounds
• > 20
10 to 20
5 to 10
1 to 5
D o to 1
Map 6-4. Total TRI Releases and Transfers by State for 33/50 Halo-Organ!
cs.
257
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Chapter 6
1,1,1-Trichloroethane was
the 9th-ranked chemical for
total TRI releases and
transfers In 1989.
High levels (above 900 parts per million) of 1,1,1-trichloroethane can depress the
nervous system and cause headache, dizziness, and fatigue. Impaired performance
on behavioral tests was also recorded at this concentration, although test results
returned to normal minutes after cessation of exposure. At very high levels (over
5,000 parts per million), 1,1,1-trichloroethane can cause unconsciousness, respira-
tory depression, and death.
Because of its volatile nature and extensive use as a solvent, a large proportion of
total 1,1,1-trichloroethane releases occur as air emissions. A significant percentage
of discharges to surface water also evaporate to the atmosphere, although 1,1,1-
trichloroethane is moderately toxic to aquatic life for the time that it remains in
water. It is relatively stable, with a half-life in the atmosphere of two to six years,,
1,1,1-Trichloroethane is an ozone-depleter.13
In 1989,1,1,1-trichloroethane was the third-ranked 33/50 chemical, contributing 43
percent (185 million pounds) to 33/50 releases and transfers for the class of
halogenated organics and 14 percent to total 33/50 releases and transfers. 1,1,1-
Trichloroethane was ranked number nine for total TRI releases and transfers, which
marked a move up from number ten in 1988, as well as a decrease of 5 percent
between reporting years 1988 and 1989. (See Table 6-2.)
The top industries for the release and transfer of 1,1,1-trichloroethane were, in order
of importance, the Transportation industry, the Fabricated Metals industry, the
Primary Metals industry, the Electrical industry, and the Multiple SIC Codes
category. The Transportation industry accounted for 18 percent of total 1,1,1-
trichloroethane releases and transfers.
Table 6-9. Environmental Distribution of Total TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Halo-organics, 1989.
CHEMICAL
1,1,1-Trichlorocthane
Dichloromcthane
Trichlorocthylene
Tctrachlorocthylene
Chloroform
Carbon tctrachloride
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
AIR
Pounds
168,617,910
109,272,003
44,325,687
25^04,477
24,268,093
3^67,248
375,355,418
2,051,706,488
2,427,061,906
Percent
91.13
83.83
90.50
84.85
88.81
73.08
88.04
38.86
42.54
SURFACE
WATER
Pounds Percent
26,555
226,216
15,815
59,061
1,139,691
15,656
1,482,994
187,470,890
188,953,884
0.01
0.17
0.03
0.20
4.17
0.34
0.35
3.55
3.31
LAND
Pounds Percent
70,240
16,138
1,394
12,791
70,217
1,616
172,396
444,564,154
444,736,550
0.40
0.10
0.00
0.40
0.26
0.40
0.40
8.42
7.79
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds Percent
2,318
747,389
390
50,005
64,338
122,043
986,483
1,179,844,698
1,180,831,181
0.00
0.57
0.00
0.17
0.24
2.65
0.23
22.35
20.70
288
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The 33/50 Program Chemicals
In 1989,1,1,1-trichloroethane was a top ten TRI chemical in 16 out of the 22 SIC
codes, which means that it played a major role in a broad range of industrial
processes. It was the number one TRI chemical for four of these industries, the
Apparel industry, the Fabricated Metals industry, the Machinery industry, and the
Electrical industry. The chemical occupied a particularly significant place within
the 33/50-intensive industries. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane was within the top five 33/50
chemicals for them all, with an average contribution to their overall 33/50 releases
and transfers of 17 percent. (See Appendix I, Table 1-1, and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
In 1989, 1,1,1-trichloroethane was ranked thkd in TRI for the number of forms
submitted (slightly under 5 percent of all forms received), which would indicate that
the relatively small contribution of the top five facilities was due to a broad range of
facilities releasing and transferring this chemical. (See Chapter 3, Table 3-9.)
The environmental distribution for 1,1,1-trichloroethane was dominated by air
emissions (91 percent) followedby off-site transfers (9 percent). 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
was the number five TRI chemical for total releases to air, accounting for 7 percent
of all TRI air emissions in 1989. (See Table 6-9; and Chapter 3, Table 3-12.)
Dichloromethane
Dichloromethane (also known as methylene dichloride and methylene chloride) is
primarily a synthetic substance with little natural occurrence. It is a clear colorless
liquid which has a sweet odor, and evaporates readily. The United States produces
roughly 500 million pounds of dichloromethane annually. The two major processes
employed include the combination of methane and chlorine in a closed vessel, or
methane chlorination, and methyl chloride chlorination, which begins with methyl
chloride and chlorine.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane was a
top TRI chemical in 16 out of
22 SIC codes.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane was
3rd in TRI for the number of
forms received In 1989.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
accounted for 7% of all TRI air
releases In 1989.
Table 6-9, continued.
CHEMICAL
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
Chloroform
Carbon tetrachloride
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Pounds Percent
232,711
1,481,927
29,132
495,320
1,067,436
3,841
3,310,367
547,724,329
551,034,696
0.13
1.14
0.06
1.65
3.91
0.08
0.78
10.37
9.66
OFF-SITE
Pounds Percent
16,076,457
18,611,908
4,604,388
3,936,927
715,733
1,097,405
45,042,818
868,009,345
913,052,163
8.69
14.28
9.40
13.10
2.62
23.82
10.56
16.44
16.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
185,026,191
130,355,581
48,976,806
30,058,581
27,325,508
4,607,809
426,350,476
5,279,319,904
5,705,670,380
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
iob.oo
289
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Chapter 6
DIchloromothano was
number 13 for total TRI
releases and transfers In
1989.
The two principal uses of dichloromethane are in paint removers and to depress
flammability in aerosol products such as coatings, hair sprays, and room deodorants:.
Dichloromethane is also used as a solvent for degreasing and extraction, for foam
blowing of polyurethanes, in plastics processing, in adhesive production, and in
photographic film-base production.
In short-term low-level exposures, dichloromethane can cause a slight irritation of
the nose and throat. At higher concentrations, it may cause mild central nervous
system depression characterized by light-headedness, dizziness, nausea, numbness
in hands and feet, fatigue, and reduced coordination. At high concentrations over
longer periods, dichloromethane can cause liver and kidney damage. Brain damage
has also been suspected. The substance is thought to be carcinogenic to humans.
Very high level exposures can cause loss of consciousness and death.
Dichloromethane volatizes rapidly and almost all releases end up in the atmosphere
relatively quickly. Before it is chemically transformed, it is dispersed widely and
lingers in the lower atmosphere for up to a year. About one percent reaches the
stratosphere where it degrades via photolysis and reaction with chlorine radicals.
Small quantities of dichloromethane form in urban drinking water as a result of
chlorination."
Dichloromethane was number 13 out of the total TRI list for 1989 releases and
transfers (130.4 million pounds). Since 1988 it remained steady at this ranking, but
marked a 16 percent decrease. The top industries for the release and transfer of
dichloromethane were, in order of significance, the Chemical industry, the Plastics
industry, the Measuring/Photographic industry, the Multiple SIC Codes category,
and the Electrical industry. The Transportation industry also contributed signifi-
cantly to total releases and transfers of dichloromethane. Combined, these six
industries accounted for 89 percent of total releases and transfers of dichloromethane.
The Chemical Industry alone made up 29 percent of this total. (See Table 6-2; and
Appendix J, Table J-2.)
In 1989 dichloromethane was ranked number 16 in TRI for total numbers of forms
submitted (almost 2 percent of all forms received), which demonstrates that a
significant number of facilities had activities involving this chemical. (See Chapter
3, Table 3-9.) The environmental distribution for this chemical was divided between
air releases (84 percent) and off-site transfers (14 percent) in a manner similar to that
characterizing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. (See Table 6-9.)
Trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene, a colorless liquid at room temperature, smells like chloroform. It
does not occur naturally, but is instead manufactured from tetrachloroethane by
treatment with alkali in the presence of water, or by thermal decomposition followed
by steam distillation. United States production of trichloroethylene is on the order of
200 million pounds annually, but the quantities have been decreasing due to
improved recycling practices and inexpensive imports.
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The 33150 Program Chemicals
Over two-thirds of domestic trichlorethylene consumption is used for vapor degreasing
of fabricated metal parts. Trichloroethylene is also used as an extraction solvent for
oils, fats, and waxes, as a refrigerant and heat exchange liquid, as a fumigant, as a
diluent in paints and adhesives, and as a chemical intermediate. Other uses for
trichloroethylene are in solvent dyeing, dry cleaning, the cleaning and drying of
electronic parts, textile processing, and aerospace operations. Consumer products
such as typewriter correction fluid, spot removers, and paint strippers often contain
trichloroethylene. Its uses as an anesthetic, a surgical disinfectant, and as an
extractant of caffeine in coffee were banned by the Food and Drug Administration
in 1977.
At low levels, trichloroethylene vapors can cause irritation of the nose and throat.
More elevated concentrations may result in central nervous system depression
characterized by dizziness, headache, nausea, and excessive fatigue. At high
concentrations (above 1,000 parts per million), loss of consciousness, tremors, lack
of muscular coordination, and visual disorders can occur. Long-term exposure may
result in damage to the liver or nervous system, characterized by tremors, vertigo,
decreased feeling in the hands, anxiety, slowed heart rate, insomnia, and behavioral
problems. Ingestion of trichloroethylene may be followed by vomiting, diarrhea,
heart failure, pulmonary bleeding, damage to the nervous system, and blindness.15
Vapor degreasing is a major source of releases of trichloroethylene into the
atmosphere. Soil and water releases also volatize rapidly. While present in water,
trichloroethylene is moderately toxic to aquatic life. The life of this photoreactive
chemical in the atmosphere is short, with an estimated half-life of about a week, but
it is measurably present due to its continual release. To reduce atmospheric
emission, recycling and recovery are receiving emphasis. Trichloroethylene is
usually disposed of by incineration with a combustible fuel.
Trichloroethylene was ranked number 26 for total TRI releases and transfers, and
contributed over 11 percent to total 33/50 releases and transfers of halogenated
organic chemicals in 1989 (49 million pounds). Between the 1988 and 1989 TRI
reporting periods trichloroethylene releases and transfers decreased by 15 percent,
and the chemical shifted from number 23 to number 26 in overall TRI rank. The top
industries for the release and transfer of trichloroethylene were the Fabricated
Metals industry, the Machinery industry, the Multiple SIC Codes category, the
Transportation industry, and the Electrical industry. The Fabricated Metals industry
accounted for 25 percent of the TRI total for trichloroethylene, and the top five
industries combined contributed 79 percent to this total. (See Table 6-2; and
Appendix J, Table J-2.)
The environmental totals for this chemical followed the distribution for the haloge-
nated organics discussed above, with the majority of releases going to air (91
percent), followed by off-site transfers (9 percent). (See Table 6-9.)
Trichloroethylene was the
number 26 chemical for total
TRI releases and transfers In
1989.
297
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Chapter 6
Telrachloroethylene was the
number 32 chemical for TRI
releases and transfers In
1989.
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene, a synthetic chemical, is a clear liquid with a sweet odor. It is
produced by the chlorination of hydrocarbons as well as by acetylene and chlorine
via trichloroethylene.
The primary uses of tetrachloroethylene are as a dry cleaning solvent, a vapor
degreasing solvent, a drying agent for metals and as a heat transfer medium. It is also
used to destroy intestinal worms and in the manufacture of fluorocarbons.
Elevated short-term exposure results in irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat. Injury
to liver, kidney, and central nervous system may occur at higher concentrations.
Symptoms include nausea, headache, loss of appetite, confusion, dizziness, and
unconsciousness. Deaths have been reported due to massive accidental overexpo-
sure. In a few cases, chronic effects upon the nervous system have been reported
after prolonged overexposure. Tetrachloroethylene is a suspected carcinogen.
Most tetrachloroethylene is not consumed during its use and is released to the
atmosphere, where it degrades within several days. The chemical is more persistent
in ground water or soil, where it remains mobile for months or years.16
In 1989 tetrachloroethylene was the number 32 chemical for total TRI releases and
transfers, and contributed 7 percent to all releases and transfers of 33/50 halogenated
organic chemicals (30.1 million pounds). Tetrachloroethylene held the same rank in
1988, but marked a decrease of 20 percent between the 1988 and 1989 TRI reporting
periods. The top industries in the release and transfer of tetrachloroethylene were, in
order of significance, the Transportation industry, the Multiple SIC Codes category,
the Fabricated Metals industry, the Electronic and Electrical industry, and the
Primary Metals industry. The Chemical industry also accounted for a significant
proportion of total releases and transfers. Together, these six industries accounted
for 79 percent of total releases and transfers of tetrachloroethylene, with the
Transportation industry alone contributing 23 percent. (See Table 6-2; and Appen-
dix J, Table J-2.)
The environmental distribution for tetrachloroethylene broke down into air emis-
sions (85 percent), followed by off-site transfers (13 percent) and transfers to public
sewage (2 percent). In 1989 tetrachloroethylene was the number six TRI chemical in
the state of Colorado and the tenth-ranked TRI chemical in the state of Iowa. (See
Table 6-9 and Appendix H, Table H-l.)
Chloroform
Chloroform (also known as trichloromethane) is a colorless, nonflammable liquid
with a sweet smell. It is a primarily man-made compound that eventually decom-
poses in the environment.
292
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The 33150 Program Chemicals
The United States produces approximately 500 million pounds of chloroform
annually, with imports amounting to about 50 million additional pounds. The two
common methods for commercial production are the chlorination of methyl chlo-
ride, produced by the reaction of methanol and hydrogen chloride (92 percent of
current production), and the chlorination of methane (8 percent of current produc-
tion). Over 90 percent of the chloroform manufactured in the United States is used
to make fluorocarbon-22, which is used in turn to make fluoropolymers and as an air
conditioning coolant The remainder is used as a solvent, extractant, and intermedi-
ate in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, and pesticides. It has been supplanted as an
anesthetic by safer and more versatile drugs.
Chloroform is a potent anesthetic at high concentrations, and death from this use has
resulted from liver damage and cardiac arrest. Chronic overexposure has been
shown to cause enlargement of the liver and kidney damage, and chloroform is a
suspected carcinogen. Chloroform evaporates rapidly from water and dry soil, and
almost all chloroform released into the environment ends up in the atmosphere. It
degrades relatively slowly, with a half-life ranging from a few months to a year, and
may contribute to photochemical smog. Exposure to chloroform may cause root
brittleness and chromosomal damage to certain plants, and chloroform is moder-
ately toxic to aquatic life.
A recent Public Health Service report estimates the quantity of overall releases and
transfers of chloroform to be close to TRI results.17 The report identifies the
bleaching of pulp from paper mills as the largest source of chloroform; however, the
report identifies drinking water chlorination as the second-largest source of release,
largely to water. Releases via drinking water are not reported to TRI. The report also
identifies the decomposition of trichloroethylene, another 33/50 chemical, as a
significant form of chloroform release.
Chloroform was ranked number 36 for total TRI releases and transfers in 1989, with
a 6 percent contribution to 33/50 releases and transfers of halogenated organic
chemicals (27.3 million pounds). Chloroform moved up in TRI rank from number
39 in 1988, showing an increase in overall releases and transfers of slightly under 2
percent between reporting years. The industries which released the largest amounts
of chloroform were, in order of importance, the Paper industry, the Chemical
industry, the Multiple SIC Codes category, the Plastics industry, and the Transpor-
tation industry. Facilities in the Paper industry made this by far the dominant
industry for the release and transfer of chloroform, accounting for 75 percent of total
TRI releases and transfers of chloroform. The other four top industries combined
contributed almost 25 percent to this TRI total. (See Table 6-2; and Appendix J,
Table J-2.)
The general environmental distribution for this chemical was weighted towards air
emissions (89 percent), followed by transfers to public sewage (4 percent), surface
water discharges (4 percent), and off-site transfers (3 percent). It is notable that the
largest source of chloroform to the environment, the Paper industry, is not directly
Chloroform was number 36
for total TRI releases and
transfers In 1989.
293
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Chapter 6
Carbon tetrachloricle was
number 72 for total TRI
releases and transfers In
1989.
involved with its commercial manufacture or use, but releases chloroform as a
byproduct of the paper bleaching process. Chloroform was the number three TRI
chemical for the Paper industry. (See Table 6-9 and Appendix I, Table 1-1.)
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride is a clear, heavy, non-flammable liquid that evaporates easily.
It does not occur naturally, and is produced through the interaction of carbon
disulfide and chlorine, as well as the chlorination of methane or other hydrocarbons
at very high temperatures. In recent years, production has been on the order of 700
million pounds, but has been declining due to decreased usage. Most carbon
tetrochloride today is used in the production of refrigerants such as the chlorofluo-
rocarbons F-l 1 and F-12. Other uses include metal degreasing and the production of
semiconductors. It is also employed as an industrial solvent. Consumer uses of
carbon tetrachloride, such as a solvent in household products and as an agricultural
fumigant, have ceased because of the compound's toxicity.
Elevated short term exposure to carbon tetrachloride can cause headache, dizziness,
loss of coordination, and nausea. High-level exposure (1,000-2,000 parts per million
for one-half to one hour) can cause unconsciousness, coma, and death. Damage to
the liver and kidney can result from a single intense exposure, sometimes followed
by heart failure. Ingestion of as little as 1.5 milliliters of carbon tetrachloride has
caused death. Carbon tetrachloride produces liver tumors in several animal species,
but data on human carcinogenicity remain limited.
Carbon tetrachloride evaporates from water within a few days. Virtually all carbon
tetrachloride released ends up in the atmosphere, where it is extremely stable and
contributes to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere. The substance has a high
toxicity to aquatic life, and at elevated concentrations is harmful to plants, land!
animals, and birds. The United States Public Health Service estimated annual.
release of carbon tetrachloride to be roughly twice the amount reported to TRI.18
Carbon tetrachloride was ranked number 72 for total TRI releases and transfers in
1989, and accounted for 1 percent of total 33/50 releases and transfers of haloge-
nated organic chemicals (4.6 million pounds). Carbon tetrachloride moved up in
TRI rankings from number 75 in 1988, marking a decrease in total releases and
transfers of 8 percent. The top industries for the release and transfer of carbon
tetrachloride were, in order of significance, the Chemical industry, the Multiple SIC
Codes category, the Petroleum industry, the Electrical industry, and the Stone/Clay/
Glass industry. Out of the total TRI releases and transfers of carbon tetrachloride, the;
Chemical industry accounted for 94 percent. The second-ranked Multiple Codes
294
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The 33150 Program Chemicals
category contributed 5 percent of this total, indicating that carbon tetrachloride
releases and transfers were fully concentrated within facilities in a small number of
industries. (See Table 6-2; and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
The environmental distribution for carbon tetrachloride was weighted slightly more
in favor of off-site transfers (24 percent) than that of the other halogenated organics,
but air emissions remained the dominant mode of release for carbon tetrachloride
(73 percent). Underground injection (3 percent) made up the difference in this total.
(See Table 6-9.)
Impact of 33/50 Halogenated Organics upon TRl Totals
The 33/50 halogenated organics accounted for 24 percent of all TRI air emissions in
1989. As noted above, the 1989 environmental distribution for all TRI halogenated
organics was dominated by air emissions (88 percent of TRI totals for this class),
followed by off-site transfers (11 percent). The combined air emissions for the 33/
50 halogenated organics made up 67 percent of the air emissions of all TRI
halogenated organics, an enormous contribution considering that there were only six
33/50 chemicals in this class. Releases of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, as noted above,
were major contributors to this total, accounting for 45 percent of all TRI air releases
for this chemical class. Dichloromethane made up 29 percent of total TRI air
emissions of halogenated organics.
As noted above, 1,1,1-trichloroethane played a significant role in a majority of
industries, and it was also a top ten TRI chemical for 34 out of the total 54 states and
reporting jurisdictions. (See Appendix H, Table H-l.)
Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Compounds
The cyanides' notoriety as poisons overshadows their applications in electroplating
and in the extraction of precious metals from ore. The mining industry is currently
not covered under the TRI requirements of Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA), and facilities in this industry may be
releasing and transferring significant amounts of hydrogen cyanide and cyanide
compounds.
The cyanides comprise a large and varied group of chemicals.19 They are both
naturally occurring and man-made, although most environmental cyanides come
from industrial processes. The mostimportant of the cyanides are hydrogen cyanide,
a colorless gas with a bitter almond odor, and sodium and potassium cyanide, both
of which are colorless solids with a slight almond odor.
Domestic consumption of hydrogen cyanide has been approximately 1 billion
pounds in recent years. About 80 percent of this is produced as a by-product of the
manufacture of acrylonitrile, with direct synthesis accounting for the remaining 20
The 33/50 halogenated
organics accounted for 24%
of all 1989 TRI air emissions
and 67 percent of all air
releases for the TRI
halogenated organics class.
Hydrogen cyanide and
cyanide compounds are
discussed within the 33/50
class "cyanides."
295
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Chapter 6
The cyanide compounds
were number 58 for total TRI
releases and transfers in
1989.
percent. Hydrogen cyanide is produced at about 14 locations in the United States,
and there are numerous suppliers of cyanide salts and other compounds. Imports
account for roughly 400,000 pounds of potassium cyanide annually.
The primary uses of hydrogen cyanide are as an intermediate in the production of
adiponitrile (40 percent of hydrogen cyanide used), which in turn is used in the
manufacture of nylon 6/6, as well as in the production of methyl methacrylate (30
percent), cyanuric acid (10 percent), chelating agents (7 percent), and sodium
cyanide (7 percent). Miscellaneous applications, including as a fumigant and in (he
manufacture of ferrocyanides, acrylates, lactic acid, Pharmaceuticals, and specialty
chemicals accounts for the rest (6 percent). Cyanide salts and other compounds have
a variety of uses, including electroplating, metal treatment, and leaching gold and
silver from ore.
The cyanide compounds covered under EPCRA Section 313 include any compound
of cyanide where a formal dissociation of the compound may occur to yield the
cyanide moiety CN~. Examples of compounds covered under (he listing of cyanide
compounds include potassium cyanide and metal cyanide compounds. Health
effects of cyanide compounds are generally related to the ability of the substance to
release the CN~ ion, which act by interfering with oxygen uptake at the cellular level.
Hydrogen cyanide and its simple salts are among the most rapidly acting of all
poisons. Sodium and potassium cyanide, for example, are extremely poisonous/'0
The highly water-soluble nature of many of the cyanides contributes to their
mobility and adverse environmental effects. The majority of cyanide released to the
atmosphere from industrial sources is in the form of hydrogen cyanide gas. Cyanide
emissions to the air have been estimated to be in excess of 44 million pounds per
year. The largest single source of air emissions is vehicle exhaust, which accounts
for over 90 percent of this total. This type of emission not reported under TRI. The
residence time of this gas in the lower atmosphere is estimated to be between one
and four years. Landfill disposal of cyanide-containing products, and the use of
cyanide-containing road salts, are the biggest sources of land and soil contamina-
tion.
Map 6-5 shows the state distribution of 1989 releases and transfers of hydrogen
cyanide and cyanide compounds releases and transfers. Texas was the only state
with overl million pounds of total releases and transfers of hydrogen cyanide aind
cyanide compounds.
Cyanide compounds were number58 for total TRI releases and transfers (7.8 million
pounds) in 1989. Since 1988, they moved up from number 60 in TRI rankings,
marking a decrease of 10 percent. The top industries for the release and transfer of
cyanide compounds were the Chemical industry, the Primary Metals industry, the
Fabricated Metals industry, the Multiple SIC Codes category, and the Transporta-
tion industry. The Chemical industry accounted for 71 percent of the TRI total. (See
Table 6-2; and Appendix J, Table J-2.)
296
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The 33150 Program Chemicals
Ranges:
D 0 to 100,000
H 100,000 to 200,000
200,000 to 500,000
500,000 to 1 Million
> 1 Million
Map 6-5. Total TRI Releases and Transfers by State of Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Compounds.
Hydrogen cyanide was ranked number 78 for total TRI releases and transfers (4.2
million pounds) in 1989, moving from number 86 in 1988. Releases and transfers of
this compound increased 34 percent between TRI reporting years. The industries
playing a significant role in the release and transfer of hydrogen cyanide were, in
order of importance, the Chemical industry, the Electrical industry, the Multiple SIC
Codes category, and the Primary Metals industry. Facilities in these four industries
combined accounted for almost 100 percent of total releases and transfers of
hydrogen cyanide, with 98 percent of this represented by facilities in the Chemical
industry.
The environmental distribution for cyanide compounds was divided between under-
ground injection (57 percent), off-site transfers (31 percent), and air emissions (7
percent), with the remainder made up of discharges to surface water and transfers to
public sewage. The TRI underground injection totals for cyanide compounds were
primarily made up of forms from Louisiana and Texas. One TRI form represented
almost 100 percent of Louisiana's total releases and transfers of cyanide com-
pounds. These figures demonstrate that the releases and transfers of cyanide
compounds were highly concentrated both industrially and geographically. (See
Appendix J, Table J-l.)
The environmental distribution for hydrogen cyanide was weighted towards under-
ground injection (84 percent of total TRI releases and transfers for this chemical), air
emissions (15 percent), and off-site transfers (1 percent).
Hydrogen cyanide was
number 78 for total TRI
releases and transfers in
1989.
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Chapter 6
Full waste minimization
data on 33/50 chemicals
represented 46% of all such
TRI waste minimization data
In 1989.
More full waste minimization
data was submitted for the
33/50 chemical 1,1,1-
trichloroethane than for any
other TRI chemical.
WASTE MINIMIZATION OF 33/50 CHEMICALS
Full data on waste minimization of TRI chemicals were supplied by 1,275 facilities,
on 2,240 forms, in 1989. (See Chapter 5 for a description of this subset of forms and
a definition of absolute and relative change in waste generation.) While the total
number of all forms reporting releases and transfers of the 33/50 chemicals
represented almost 32 percent of all TRI forms received, there was a proportionately
larger numbers of facilities choosing to report waste minimization data on the 33/50
sub-group. Of the 2,240 forms which reported full waste minimization of various
TRI chemicals, forms reporting waste minimization of 33/50 chemicals represented
46 percent of that total. As a whole, 762 facilities submitted 1,024 forms with full
waste minimization data for the 33/50 chemicals. (Note that one 33/50 chemical is
reported per form.) (See Table 6-10.)
The largest number of forms with full waste minimization data for any TRI chemical
was for the 33/50 chemical 1,1,1-trichloroethane, representing almost 12 percent
(262 forms out of 2,240) of all waste minimization forms received in 1989. Almost
7 percent of all TRI forms for this chemical contained full waste minimization data,
compared to the average of 3 percent for all TRI chemicals. Except for chloroform,,
all of the 33/50 halogenated organic chemicals had significantly higher-than-
average numbers of waste minimization reports. (See Figure 6-4 and Table 6-10.)
33/50 Metals
33/50 Organics
33/50 Halo-organics
Hydrogen Cyanide and
Cyanide Compounds
All Others in TRI
123456
Percent of All Forms for the Chemical Class
Rgure 6-4. Percent of 33/50 Chemical Forms with Full Waste Minimization Data, 1989.
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The 33150 Program Chemicals
Table 6-10. TRI Forms with Full Waste Minimization for 33/50 Chemicals, 1989.
CHEMICAL
TOTALFORMS
Percent of
all TRI
Number Foims
FORMS WITH FULL WASTE
MINIMIZATION DATA
Number
Percent of forms
for that chemical
Cadmium compounds 142 0.17 3
Cadmium 105 0.13 2
Chromium compounds 1,363 1.66 32
Chromium 1,277 1.56 21
Lead compounds 858 1.05 23
Lead 889 1.09 34
Mercury compounds 23 0.03 0
Mercury 45 0.05 1
Nickel compounds 657 0.80 14
Nickel 1,285 1.57 32
Subtotal for Metals 6,644 8.11 162
Carbon tetrachloride 104 0.13 3
Chloroform 188 0.23 3
Dichloromethane 1,552 1.90 83
Tetrachloroethylene 687 0.84 51
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 3,893 4.75 262
Trichloroethylene 828 1.01 51
Subtotal for Halo-organics 7,252 8.86 453
Benzene 484 0.59 7
Methyl ethyl ketone 2,464 3.01 101
Methyl isobutyl ketone 1,041 1.27 19
Toluene 3,942 4.81 156
Xylene (mixed isomers) 3,525 4.30 115
m-Xylene 52 0.06 0
o-Xylene 69 0.08 1
p-Xylene 38 0.05 1
Subtotal for Organics 11,615 14.18 400
Cyanide compounds 342 • 0.42 9
Hydrogen cyanide 32 0.04 0
Subtotal for Cyanides 374 0.46 9
2.11
1.90
2.35
1.64
2.68
3.82
0.00
2.22
2.13
2.49
2.44
2.88
1.60
5.35
7.42
6.73
6.16
6.25
1.45
4.10
1.83
3.96
3.26
0.00
1.45
2.63
3.44
2.63
0.00
2.41
TOTAL 33/50 CHEMICALS
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
25,885
56,006
81,891
31.61
68.39
100.00
1,024
1,216
2,240
3.96
2.17
2.74
Two other 33/50 chemicals, the non-halogenated organics toluene and xylene
(mixed isomers), also had relatively high numbers of TRI forms with full waste
minimization data. Toluene had the second-largest number of such forms (156
forms) and xylene (mixed isomers) had the fourth-largest (115 forms) number of
waste minimization forms out of all TRI chemicals. (See Table 6-10.)
Out of all the TRI chemicals,
the 2nd-largest number of
forms with full waste
minimization data was
submitted for toluene.
299
-------
Chapter 6
The 33/50 halo-organlcs
class accounted for the
largest number of waste
minimization forms submit-
ted for the 33/50 chemicals.
The 33/50 sub-group showed
a 7% decrease In absolute
waste generated from 1988
to 1989... however, the
rolatlvo decrease for the 33/
50 sub-group was 26
percent.
Of the 33/50 sub-group,
toluene showed tha largest
absolute decrease In waste
generated from 1988 to 1989.
Of all the 33/50 chemical classes, the largest number of forms with full waste
minimization data was submitted for the halo-organics~453 forms, or 6 percent of
all forms submitted for that 33/50 chemical class. (See Figure 6-4 and Table 6-10.)
The waste minimization forms reported for the 33/50 halo-organics represented 44
percent of all such forms submitted for the 33/50 chemicals in 1989. (See Table 6-
11.)
As a group, the 33/50 chemicals showed a 7 percent decrease in absolute waste
generated from 1988 to 1989, as reported on the 1,024 forms with full waste
minimization data. This is about half of the 13 percent decrease reported for all TRI
chemicals reporting waste minimization. However, the relative decrease of 26
percent, calculated by taking into account changes in production at the facilities,
was about the same as that for all TRI chemicals (24 percent) reporting waste
minimization, indicating a higher increase in production, on average, for the 33/50
chemicals. (See Table 6-11.) (See Chapter 5 for further explanation of absolute and
relative waste minimization.)
The largest absolute decrease in waste generated among the 33/50 chemicals was
reported for toluene~7.8 million pounds less in 1989 than in 1988. The largest
absolute decrease in waste generated for a 33/50 chemical class, a 10.0-million-
pound decrease (21 percent), was shown by the 33/50 non-halogenated organics
class. (See Figure 6-5 and Table 6-11.)
33/50 Metals
33/50 Organics
33/50 Halo-organics
Hydrogen Cyanide and
Cyanide Compounds
All Others in TRI
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
• Absolute Percent Change El Relative Percent Change
Rgure 6-5. Percent Change In Waste Generation for 33/50 Chemicals, 1988-1989.
500
-------
The 33150 Program Chemicals
The largest relative decrease in waste generated was reported for the 33/50 class of
metals and metal compounds, and for nickel compounds in particular, which showed
a 10.0-million-pound decrease (33 percent decrease). Lead compounds recorded a
3.6-million-pound relative decrease (43 percent decrease) and chromium com-
pounds recorded a 3.5-million-pound relative decrease (49 percent). The 33/50
chemical class with the largest relative decrease was the metals and metal com-
pounds class, with a decrease of 19.3 million pounds (36 percent). (See Figure 6-5
and Table 6-11.)
For the 33/50 sub-group,
nickel compounds showed
the largest relative decrease
In waste generated from
1988 to 1989.
301
-------
Chapter 6
Table 6-11. Amount of Absolute and Relative Change In Waste Generation for 33/50 Chemicals, 1988-1989 (a).
CHEMICAL
Cadmium compounds
Cadmium
Chromium compounds
Chromium
Lead compounds
Lead
Mercuiy compounds
Mcrcniy
Nickel compounds
Nickel
Subtotal for Metals
Carbon tctrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromcthane
Tctrachlorocthylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichlorocthylcne
Subtotal for Halo-organics
Benzene
Methyl ethyl kctone
Methyl isobutyl kctone
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
m-Xylcne
o-Xylcne
p-Xylcne
Subtotal for Organics
Cyanide compounds
Hydrogen cyanide
Subtotal for Cynanides
TOTAL 33/50 CHEMICALS
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
FORMS
Number Percent
3
2
32
21
23
34
0
1
14
32
162
3
3
S3
51
262
51
453
7
101
19
156
115
0
1
1
400
9
0
9
1,024
1,216
2,240
0.29
0.20
3.13
2.05
2.25
3.32
0.00
0.10
1.37
3.13
15.82
0.29
0.29
8.11
4.98
25.59
4.98
44.24
0.68
9.86
1.86
15.23
11.23
0.00
0.10
0.10
39.06
0.88
0.00
0.88
100.00
WASTE GENERATED
1989 1988
Pounds Pounds
43,487
2,161
3,677,666
1,014,656
4,739,784
679,159
0
34
21,919,513
2,873,572
34,950,032
107,833
1,244,260
14,808,618
2,696,368
12,431^10
2,868,363
34,156,752
1,200,272
7^79,516
360,889
20,243,542
7^09,397
0
16,700
284
36,710,600
40,963
0
40,963
105,858,347
339,312,674
445,171,021
96,165
1,617
1,406,398
1,422,681
7323,361 .
618366
0
43
11,586,486
2,511,576
24,966,693
200,274
1,643,015
15,788,545
3,463,693
16,294,418
4,626,103
42,016,048
1,870,209
8,726,769
308,905
28,029392
7,735,280
0
45,000
537
46,716,092
33,882
0
33,882
113,732,715
400,442,745
514,175,460
ABSOLUTE CHANGE (b)
Pounds Percent
-52,678
544
2,271,268
-408,025
-2,583,577
60,793
0
-9
10333,027
361,996
9,983,339
-92,441
-398,755
-979,927
-767,325
-3,863,108
-1,757,740
-7,859,296
-669,937
-1347,253
51,984
-7,785,850
-225,883
0
-28,300
-253
-10,005,492
7,081
0
7,081
-7,874,368
-61,130,071
-69,004,439
-54.78
33.64
161.50
-28.68
-35.28
9.83
—
-20.93
89.18
14.41
39.99
-46.16
-24.27
-6.21
-22.15
-23.71
-38.00
-18.71
-35.82
-15.44
16.83
-27.78
-2.92
—
-62.89
-47.11
-21.42
20.90
—
20.90
-6.92
-15.27
-13.42
(a) Out of subset of 1,024 forms reporting full waste minimization data.
(b) Absolute Waste Change = 1989 Waste Generated - 1988 Waste Generated
(c) Projected Waste Generation = 1988 Waste Generated x Production Index
(d) Relative Waste Change = 1989 Waste Generated - 1989 Projected Waste Generation
502
-------
The 33150 Program Chemicals
Table 6-1 1 , continued.
CHEMICAL
Cadmium compounds
Cadmium
Chromium compounds
Chromium
Lead compounds
Lead
Mercury compounds
Mercury
Nickel compounds
Nickel
Subtotal for Metals
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Subtotal for Halo-organics
Benzene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Subtotal for Organics
Cyanide compounds
Hydrogen cyanide
Subtotal for Cynanides
TOTAL 33/50 CHEMICALS
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
PROJECTED 1989
WASTE GENERATION (c)
Pounds
106,962
2,258
7,218,722
1,503,115
8356,559
1,239,755
0
43
32,691,669
3,082,744
54,201,827
120,723
1,682,624
16,011,989
3,091,146
16,792,629
4,400,234
42,099345
1393,645
10,211,095
329,475
26360,928
8,738,858
0
54,000
698
47,088,699
44,851
0
44,851
143,434,722
443,586,845
587,021,567
RELATIVE CHANGE
Pounds Percent
-63,475
-97
-3,541,056
-488,459
-3,616,775
-560,596
0
-9
-10,772,156
-209,172
-19,251,795
-12,890
-438364
-1,203,371
-394,778
-4,361,319
-1431,871
-7,942,593
-193373
-2,831,579
31,414
-6,117,386
-1,229,461
0
-37,300
-414
-10,378,099
-3,888
0
-3,888
-37,576,375
-104,274,171
-141,850,546
-5934
-430
-49.05
-32.50
-43.28
-45.22
-20.93
-32.95
-6.79
-35.52
-10.68
-26.05
-7.52
-12.77
-25.97
-34.81
-18.87
-13.88
-27.73
9.53
-23.21
-14.07
-69.07
-59.31
-22.04
-8.67
-8.67
-26.20
-23 Jl
-24.16
303
-------
Chapter 6
NOTES
1. The TRI chemical classes are: non-halogenated organics; mineral acids/salts; metals and metal
compounds; halogenated organics; and non-metallic inorganics. (See Chapters.) In figures and
tables throughout this report, class names are abbreviated as: organics; mineral acids/salts; metals;
halo-organics; and non-metals.
2. TRI reporting thresholds are based on the entire weight of the metal compound. However, once the
reporting threshold is met, only the pounds of the parent metal present in wastes are supposed to be
reported on the Form R. See Chapter 8 for further discussion of reporting thresholds for metals and
metal compounds.
3. Toxicological Profile for Chromium, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public
Health Service, ATSDR/TP-88/10, July 1989.
4. Toxicological Profile for Lead, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public
Health Service, ATSDR/TP-88/17, June 1990.
5. Toxicological Profile for Nickel, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public
Health Service, ASTDR/TP-88/19, December 1988.
6. Toxicological Profile for Cadmium, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public
Health Service, ATSDR/TP-88/08, March 1989.
7. Toxicological Profile for Mercury, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public
Health Service, draft, December, 1989.
8. Toxicological Profile for Toluene, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public
Health Service, December 1989.
9. Toxicological Profile for Total Xylenes, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S.
Public Health Service, Draft, October, 1989.
10. CCINFO Disk, The Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety, 1990; and, Hawley's
Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed.. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., 1987.
11. CCINFO Disk, The Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety, 1990; and, Hawley's
Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed.. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., 1987.
12. Toxicological Profile for Benzene, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public
Health Service, ATSDR/TP-88/03, May 1989.
13. Toxicological Profile for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
U.S. Public Health Service, Draft, October 1989.
14. Toxicological Profile for Methytene Chloride, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
U.S. Public Health Service, ASTDR/IP-88/18, April 1989.
15. Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
U.S. Public Health Service, ASTDR/TP-88/24, October 1989.
16. Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
U.S. Public Health Service, ATSDR/RP-88/22, January 1990.
17. Toxicological Profile for Chloroform, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S.
Public Health Service, ATSDR/TP-88/09, January, 1989.
304
-------
The 33/50 Program Chemicals
18. Toxicological Profile for Carbon Tetrachloride, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
U.S. Public Health Service, December, 1989.
19. The Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting Form Rand Instructions, EPA, January 1990,
defines cyanide compounds as "X+CN- where X = H+ or any other group where a formal
dissociation may occur. For example, KCN or Ca(CN)2."
20. Toxicological Profile for Cyanide, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public
Health Service, ATSDR/TP-88/12, December 1989.
505
-------
Photo: Ciba Geigy Corp., St. Gabriel, Louisiana
506
-------
CHAPTER 7. TRI IN OTHER PROGRAMS AND POLICIES
INTRODUCTION
While most of this report examines the data submitted to the Toxics Release
Inventory (TRI), this chapter describes how various federal and state officials, as
well as public interest groups, are using the TRI database to create policies, promote
legislation, and establish regulatory strategies. Also discussed here are other pro-
grams designed by the federal government in direct response to TRI data.
The first part of this chapter, "Uses of TRI in Other Programs and Policies,"
describes many examples of public and private activities that utilize TRI in some
way, including pollution prevention programs, compliance reviews, fees levied on
TRI facilities, and state and community right-to-know activities.
The second part of this chapter, "TRI Chemicals Subject to Testing and Regulatory
Programs," explains some of the available information concerning the effects of TRI
chemicals, prepared in various federal programs, and the status of specific TRI
chemicals in these programs. Here particular legislation and regulatory programs
affecting TRI chemicals are also discussed.
USES OF TRI IN OTHER PROGRAMS AND POLICIES
The Toxics Release Inventory, the most comprehensive nationwide database on
toxic chemicals released and transferred to all parts of the environment (air, land,
and water), has greatly enhanced the environmental awareness of the American
public, as was its intent. The press employs TRI information to highlight toxic
pollution in specific localities, and citizen groups use this data to mobilize and direct
public response. Many companies have responded by developing corporate policies
to voluntarily reduce releases and transfers of TRI chemicals.
The Toxics Release Inventory has also affected public policy. Government regula-
tors have used TRI data to help set environmental priorities and to shape regulations.
Perhaps the most important use of TRI data is in the development of pollution
prevention initiatives.1 A number of state legislatures, motivated by TRI data, have
passed pollution prevention laws. TRI data have helped focus attention on facilities
where pollution prevention can be most effectively achieved.
Most states are using the TRI data to varying degrees, according to information
obtained from state TRI coordinators and from the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA) records of meetings with states.2 States such as Delaware report
that the influence and utilization of TRI data have been significant in several areas.
Texas, Louisiana, and Ohio, as well as other states with large TRI releases and
transfers, have made particularly widespread use of the TRI data. Even in the states
where more limited use of TRI data is made, it has proven useful.
TRI data are used by federal
and state officials and the
public to set policies and
establish strategies.
TRI chemicals are also
affected by other federal
regulatory programs.
TRI has affected public
policy and has enhanced the
environmental awareness of
the American public.
307
-------
Chapter 7
States hava used TRI data
to develop new regulations
and to strengthen existing
programs.
TRI has prompted many
states to enact pollution
prevention laws.
This section categorizes the types of activities conducted by federal and state
governments and the public in response to TRI, including some that have been based
explicitly upon TRI data. Examples of each type of activity are provided below.
Also included is a case study for the State of Louisiana—a state whose facilities
report major amounts of TRI wastes and a state in which TRI data are being put to
extensive use (See Box 7-A.).
State Response To TRI
TRI data have been used by a number of states both to develop new regulations and
programs and to strengthen existing ones. (See Table 7-1.) During the development
of state regulations, TRI data represent a major source of information on pollutants
being released or having the potential to be released into the environment. For
example, TRI data have been used as a reference in the development of two
regulations in Delaware: a new regulation on surface water quality standards and an
air toxics regulation that is nearing completion. The Delaware Department of
Natural Resources and Environmental Control reports that the TRI data were
especially useful because the inclusion of fugitive air releases under total air releases
provided additional substantiation for the inclusion of fugitive air releases under the
air toxics regulation.
In existing regulatory programs, TRI data have served in identifying potential
problems in permit programs, targeting inspections, and cross-checking compli-
ance. Examples of these uses are provided below.
State Pollution Prevention Activities
The Toxics Release Inventory has influenced state environmental policy in a
number of cases, most notably spurring interest in pollution prevention. (See Table
7-1.) In response to 1988 TRI data, the State of Minnesota formed a commission,
made up of representatives from industry, environmental groups, and state govern-
ment, to develop a state-wide pollution prevention strategy. The Minnesota Toxic
Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 was passed as part of this overall strategy. This
Act, one of the many state pollution prevention laws enacted since 1987, requires
each TRI facility to prepare and biannually update a "toxic pollution prevention
plan." The plan must identify the manufacturing processes that generate or release
pollutants, assess options for reducing or eliminating wastes, and state reduction or
elimination goals and a schedule for meeting those goals.
TRI data are being used by the State of Illinois to identify facilities subject to
provisions contained in the Illinois Toxic Pollution Prevention Act of 1989. The
Illinois EPA will examine TRI forms to determine which chemicals are to be
covered by the Act. The Texas legislature has been considering several bills
covering pollution prevention and waste minimization, all influenced by TRI.
308
-------
TRI in Other Programs and Policies
The District of Columbia also passed a pollution prevention law based on TRI data.
The Toxic Source Reduction Business Assistance Administration Act of 1990
addresses TRI chemicals and requires any TRI facilities to periodically submit a
source reduction plan to the Mayor. (No facilities in the District of Columbia
reported to TRI in 1989.)
Table 7-1. Slate Regulatory Programs Mobilized by TRI.(a)
STATE POLLUTION PERMIT COMPLIANCE AIR FEES RISK STATF TFPHNirAT
PREVENTION DEVELOP- REVIEWS TOXICS ASSESSMENT IS A^S£
INITIATIVES MENT INSPECTIONS REGULATION ASSESSMENT ^MGHT- ASSISTANCE
Alaska
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
X X
X
XXX
x xx
X(b)
X
X X
X XX XX
x x x
x x v
X X
X
X X
X Y -v -,
x x x x x
X(b) X(b) X
X X X
xx x X Y
X X
X(b) X X X X x
X(b) X X
X
X
X(b)
x x
X
X(b) XXX XX
XX Y
Y
x x
X
XXX
(a) This table includes only those states for which information was available as of May 1991.
(b) Proposed.
309
-------
Chapter 7
Barfs*****
ttaa
has beeu a
use of 1M ^ata'
(DEQ) sa ifef
more
have a
easL**"
i^ too^e hirodired tftss? ate p$ulaa&ls !»>'
*s QfSce of At? Qnali^ JeEed «po» the TRIB^ of
i«!niclf ^|ev«|ire!pari»^|% Esi df chemicals whidt, under the j^vMoas of tftls Act, mmt be eeaitt^ at ball
' "" '
and^ew Orleans IM'OljSce ^ Wa% ^meeev atso u«» TRI fQ&$o
which w& iaSjtii|e|j
a«|
indastriaf^JV^^raea^'perforni^ee^SpecMic^^ _T.^T-, „ .-TTT- v ,,,,
which have;o^a»%«l»ie't^ Ja^latoa {^^(^pjved po1luflc« coattoi projects t^jp^esi ttfUB^-
JiJ._1._j ,* ^ ^-.^—^j-i^ii^* -X.jF.i'vs*i«.« -.t^Av^n. i***«ro*«*iT«*«rf K*y fjjft fsB-jllllV' SDCl^fltB tdtsl *t««rtKptf «f •n«n(nf1'« *>r ffwlif
-------
TRI in Other Programs and Policies
^ dae to Ms Intpaci on. iiie Louisiana \envi3rinj»Sfit, the
aitowiBg free ^archtimeQf the TRl database, f he database was widely used fey aniversiiy perSertfJeiiBdustiy,
^I^slsl8r*8 JMQ* w$ && pt»er^ pblfe lo ioeafe wattsr^iscfearg^ ia fee Mlssl^^^ver, c0tfci«ogeo* in.'
Loujsiana, specjlic company releases, Louisiana releases IE* general and b speeiftc, parishes^ and release
fR2.43& are^ afeo beiof osed
aot sabjeci
raise eoacesrait^fjoat sceoic"
-------
Chapter 7
TRI data are being used to
cross-check facilities for
compliance with various
environmental programs.
An additional project, initiated in part due to TRI data, is the integrated permitting
program at the Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester, New York. This program,
run by the New York Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), is a
facility-wide strategy to reduce and control toxic releases and transfers to all
environmental media. The Rochester Eastman Kodak Company decreased its TRI
releases and transfers by 4.5 million pounds between 1988 and 1989, making it one
of the top facilities for overall TRI decreases. Its success has motivated the New
York DEC to actively consider expanding the integrated permitting program to
cover additional facilities.
State Compliance Reviews and Inspection Targeting
TRI data have been used in many states to cross-check facilities for compliance with
several different environmental programs. The Texas Water Commission Water
Quality Division is currently using TRI data to monitor some of the state's permitted
water dischargers and, like the Texas Air Control Board, uses these data to target
facilities for additional compliance and inspection activities. The State of Delaware
reviewed TRI data to ensure that all TRI facilities subject to the state's Regulation
for the Management of Extremely Hazardous Substances had registered under that
program. The TRI air release data for the State of Delaware have also been cross--
checked with permit limits, as well as release estimates reported on annual air
emissions inventory reports.
The State of Oklahoma compares TRI data to information supplied in other
programs. For example, the Oklahoma Department of Health compared the 1988
TRI data on point source air emissions to information in the state's air emissions
inventory that had been supplied by the regulated community, thus identifying any
inconsistencies between the two data sets. The Ohio EPA Division of Solid and
Hazardous Waste Management plans to analyze TRI data to identify violators of
requirements under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
Under a grant from EPA, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment's
Right-to-Know Program is developing an expert system to identify suspect data in
TRI and facilities that incorrectly failed to report. The system, scheduled to be
completed in November 1991, combines the State's EPCRA database, NPDES and
other permit databases, and databases of the Department of Commerce and Labor
Department. The Department also plans to extend the system to address non--
compliance with other Federal statutes.
TRI data are employed by many states to assist in verifying that facilities are
providing data on emergency and hazardous chemical inventory forms (Tier I and II
forms) to State Emergency Response Commissions, local fire departments, and
local emergency planning commissions for use in emergency preparedness and
community right-to-know activities, as required under Section 312 of the Emer-
gency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA).
372
-------
TRI in Other Programs and Policies
The National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse
(NATION)
NATICH, established as a cooperative effort by EPA and the State and Territorial
Air Pollution Program Administrators/Association of Local Air Pollution Control
Officials (STAPP A/ALP AGO), is a repository of information relating to air toxics.
It was established by EPA primarily to support state and local agency efforts in
controlling non-criteria (toxic) air pollutants, although EPA also makes use of the
information which it contains. The clearinghouse contains information on regula-
tory programs, contacts, permitting data, ambient standards and monitoring, source
test data, and bibliographic references. In the fall of 1989, a link was established
between NATICH and the TRI database, further increasing the utility of NATICH to
its user community. Presently, TRI database access accounts for an average of 25
percent of the searches on NATICH, often ranking as the single highest search
category in a given month. The uses of the TRI data retrieved are not known, but it
is likely that these data provide an additional aid in the implementation of state and
local air toxics programs.
Development of State Regulatory Proposals and
Programs
In addition to strengthening existing regulation, TRI data have been used during the TRI data have been used
development of state regulatory programs. For example, in the development of during the development of
Idaho's Air Toxics Program TRI data were used for source identification and the slate re9ulato|y programs.
verification of emissions inventory data from other programs.
Illinois EPA's Division of Air Pollution Control used the TRI data to determine
quantities of point source and fugitive air emissions of target chemicals. To support
the development of regulatory proposals in response to 1987 legislation addressing
air toxics, TRI data were used to determine that 77 of the 108 chemicals proposed for
an air toxics list were emitted in Illinois.
Ohio state agencies are using TRI data for prioritizing air toxics and ground water
quality activities. The Ohio EPA Division of Air Pollution Control uses the TRI data
to identify "hot spots" for ambient air monitoring evaluations, determine county-
wide levels of toxics for air pollution studies, and provide baseline data for non-
routine (explosion or fire) air pollution episodes. TRI data are also utilized to
estimate the release volumes of particular facilities in the assessment of proposed
new sources or process modifications.
State Fees on TRI Facilities. In order to finance their state TRI programs, a
number of states have levied fees on TRI facilities. The state pollution prevention
program under the Minnesota Toxic Pollution Prevention Act is funded through fees
on TRI facilities. The Ohio Right-To-Know Act of 1988 established filing fees for
Ohio facilities required to file TRI reports, and these fees now fully fund the TRI
Several states have levied
fees on TRI facilities.
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Chapter 7
States are using TRI data to
Identify locations and
chemicals for more detailed
risk assessment
Right-to-know programs
have been initiated to alert
the public to toxic releases
and transfers occurring in
their states.
program in that state. Under Ohio's fee system, each facility reporting to TEH is
required to pay $50, plus $15 per Form R submitted, not to exceed $500 per facility.
Ohio estimates that $150,000 will be generated through filing fees in 1990.
The 1989 Texas Toxic Chemical Release Reporting Act has also imposed fees on
TRI facilities, based on the number of TRI forms submitted per facility. The fees
generated can only be used to pay for costs incurred by the Texas Waste Commis-
sion during implementation of their Reporting Act As part of a toxics reduction
initiative, the Texas Air Control Board utilizes TRI data to assist in calculating fee
revenues.
Kansas has established a fee system to cover all or part of the cost of implementing
EPCRA in the state. Various fees are charged for each submission under the
different sections of EPCRA; the fee for TRI reporting is $187 per facility.
State Risk Assessment/Risk Screening. TRI data have been used by state
agencies to screen for potential risks posed by toxic chemical releases and transfers.
For example, under Utah's air toxics control program, TRI data are used to identify
facilities, locations, or chemicals for more detailed risk assessment. Data have also
been used in the water pollution control program in that state to identify water bodies
affected by toxic chemical discharges.
Minnesota is beginning a project which will make use of multiple pollution release
databases in conjunction with the analytical approach developed by EPA's Office of
Toxic Substances in the TRI Risk Screening Guide to identify areas for more
detailed risk assessment.
State Right-to-know Programs. Right-to-know programs have been initiated
by states to alert the public, government, and industry to toxic releases and transfers
occurring in their states. States including Illinois, Louisiana, New Jersey, New
York, Minnesota, and Virginia have prepared annual reports on the volume and
nature of releases and transfers in their states, by facility and geographical subdivi-
sion.
While EPCRA mandates that all TRI data be made available to the public in a
national database, many states develop their own state TRI database, because it
allows them earlier access and use of the TRI data submitted to them by facilities and
because they can incorporate other state data. The Kansas Department of Health and
Environment's Right-to-Know Program noted that TRI data submitted by the
annual TRI reporting deadline of July 1 will be entered into the state's integrated
EPCRA database by August, allowing the state to access the data approximately
eight months before the national TRI database becomes publically available. The
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation published the New
York State 1989 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Review in November, 1990, contain-
ing 1989 TRI data from New York facilities six months before the national database
was publicly available. The report analyzed the data by chemical, type of release or
transfer, and industry, and gave further facility-specific information for some of the
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TRI in Other Programs and Policies
releases and transfers. It also related the TRI information to the requirements of
environmental regulations and permitting programs. (The State of Louisiana pre-
pared a similar state report, the Louisiana Toxics Release Inventory, 1989.)
As part of its risk communication program, the Minnesota Department of Health is
preparing chemical information sheets for the general public on the most common
chemicals released in the state. Ohio, California, and other states have compiled the
state's TRI data in the form of a state database to make TRI data more readily
accessible to state and local agencies and to the public. Virginia has developed a TRI
database to provide citizens ready access to state TRI data: the public may request
a disk or hard copy of any available facility report. In an expanded effort, the
Missouri Department of Natural Resources has begun a data management effort to
process TRI data and other community right-to-know information.
State Technical Assistance Programs. Some states, such as Minnesota, are
using TRI data as a means of facility identification, to target either technical
assistance or facility planning requirements. In Texas, the Emergency Response
Unit of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Division of the Texas Water Commission
provides such technical assistance to TRI facilities.
Civil Planning. The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) is using TRI
data to plot right-of-ways for intrastate highways. The KDOT used the TRI data to
identify corridors with facilities releasing or transferring certain TRI chemicals, to
be used in their civil planning process.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO TRI
More than 3,500 local emergency planning committees (LEPCs) have been formed
in response to the requirements of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-
to-Know Act (EPCRA). LEPCs are responsible for preparing and implementing
emergency response plans and for collecting chemical data and making it publicly
available. Some LEPCs use TRI data along with chemical inventory information
submitted by facilities under Sections 311 and 312 of EPCRA to form a chemical
profile of their communities for use in response to chemical accidents. Some LEPCs
are also using TRI data to carry out compliance reviews, to assist in emergency
responses, and to answer questions from the community about local facilities.
In a combined federal and local effort, EPA Region 4 and the Calhoun County,
Alabama LEPC used TRI information to help identify and notify facilities likely to
be subject to Sections 302,311, and 312 of EPCRA. The program was particularly
effective in helping smaller facilities become aware of and respond to EPCRA. This
project served as a pilot for Alabama. At present, LEPCs across Alabama are taking
part in a similar compliance program modeled on the Calhoun County LEPC
project.
Some states use TRI to
target technical assistance
to TRI facilities.
Local emergency planning
committees use TRI data to
form a chemical profile of
their communities.
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Chapter 7
EPA Regions use TR1 data
for pollution prevention
Initiatives, compliance
reviews, Inspection
targeting, and risk screen-
Ing.
The Fairfax County, Virginia LEPC conducted a similar program. This LEPC
compared TRI submissions for its jurisdiction with the list of facilities that submit-
ted EPCRA Section 312 Tier II forms and determined that all facilities that reported
for TRI also reported for EPCRA section 311 and 312. The Fairfax County LEPC
also uses TRI data to assist in responding to chemical emergencies. To facilitate
LEPC's response, its hazardous materials response vehicle has a cellular telephone
modem which allows the response personnel, en route to the incident, to access
computerized data on storage location and chemical hazards, as well as TRI data.
The Dallas County, Texas LEPC, recipient of a fee waiver from EPA for the use of
the TRI database, used this information to answer questions from the community
about facilities in their areas, examine the chemicals emitted in the county, and
compare these emissions to those of other Texas counties.
Regional Response To TRI
Various EPA Regional Offices are using TRI data for pollution prevention initia-
tives, compliance reviews, targeting purposes, and risk screening. (Map 7-1 shows
EPA Regions at the end of this chapter.) For example, Region 4 is developing
lexicological index profiles of Calvert City and Ashland, Kentucky using data from
TRI and other sources. These index profiles will enable the region to identify areas
of high, medium, and low potential risk. In addition, all Regions bordering on
coastal waters have begun to use TRI data to assess pollution problems in near
coastal waters and to develop regional strategies.
New England
TRI identified Region 1 (the New England states) as a major emitter of ozone-
depleting chemicals. Based on this finding, the Region hosted a technology transfer
workshop for industry regarding substitute chemicals in the electronics and metal
finishing industries.
Using TRI data, Region 2 identified 19 facilities in New York and New Jersey,
which were invited to voluntarily implement pollution prevention measures to
reduce air emissions. Many of these facilities are developing comprehensive plains
to reduce emissions through pollution prevention measures. Region 6 has a similar
project underway in Texas and Louisiana.
Great Lakes National Program
Several EPA Regional Offices (Regions 2, 3, and 5) and states are working on a
strategy for toxic reduction in the Great Lakes which will use state and federal TRI
information to target potential pollution prevention activities. Currently, EPA
Region 5 and the Great Lakes National Program Office are using TRI data to
generate county-level data summaries of toxic chemical releases.
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TRI in Other Programs and Policies
The Great Lakes initiative has several objectives, including the prevention and
reduction of the release and deposition of harmful toxic pollutants from all sources
into the Great Lakes ecosystem, and the remediation of toxic pollutants to levels that
provide a) water quality and sediments capable of sustaining populations of the most
sensitive native living resources (aquatic and terrestrial) that comprise the Great
Lakes ecosystem; b) drinking water and fish that are safe for unlimited human and
wildlife consumption; and c) air quality that protects the health of the most sensitive
human populations and the integrity of the Great Lakes ecosystem. Another
objective of this initiative is to provide for the further recovery of native species and
enhance the biological diversity and stability of the Great Lakes Basin through the
protection, restoration, and creation of important aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terres-
trial plant and animal habitats.
Chesapeake Bay Program
EPA Region 3 is working on a strategy to reduce toxic runoff to the Chesapeake Bay.
The Region is using TRI data as an element in the updating of their database which
details toxic chemicals entering the Bay basin. The Region 3 Water Management
and Pesticide Management Divisions are also using the TRI data to assist in the
development of models describing runoff from point sources and non-point sources
entering the Bay.
Gulf of Mexico Program
The Gulf of Mexico Program, an intergovernmental program involving federal,
state, and local officials, as well as industry, citizens, and academia, is using TRI
data to characterize problems in the Gulf of Mexico region and to educate the public.
TRI data have been useful in focusing the direction of the program, such as
addressing atmospheric deposition in the area, assessing sediments, and looking at
large releasers of toxic chemicals. In one such effort, the Texas Water Commission
is coordinating with EPA in developing a toxicity ranking by estuary system for
agricultural, industrial, and produce waters that flow into the Gulf. The proposed
scope of work for this Gulf of Mexico program would utilize TRI data.
Federal Impact Of TRI
At the federal level, Congress and EPA have used TRI data in the development of
new legislation and in the implementation of existing regulatory programs. EPA has
made widespread use of TRI data in conjunction with other Agency databases for
purposes of permitting, inspection and enforcement targeting, compliance reviews,
risk screening, and pollution prevention.
Pollution Prevention Act of 1990
The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 utilizes the TRI database to assess the
opportunities for addressing TRI chemicals in wastes. (See Chapter 5.) Among
broad-ranging provisions to promote the incorporation of pollution prevention into
EPA's regulatory and nonregulatory programs, this Act makes pollution prevention
Congress and EPA have
used TRI data in the
development of new
legislation and In the
implementation of existing
programs.
The Pollution Prevention
Act of 1990 focuses on
reducing TRI pollution.
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Chapter 7
The 33/50 Program calls for
voluntary reductions in
releases and transfers of 17
toxic chemicals.
TRI data are being used to
set priorities under the 1990
dean Air Act Amendments.
reporting mandatory by requiring each TRI facility to file (beginning with reports
due July 1,1992) a "source reduction and recycling report" along with its TRI form.
This source reduction and recycling report will detail the amount of source reduction
achieved for each TRI chemical, as well as the pollution prevention methods
employed, and will also provide additional information about recycling at the
facility.
This Act also requires EPA to report to Congress on its analysis of the data collected
in the source reduction and recycling reports on an industry-by-industry basis,
beginning with those industries which generate the largest quantities of TRI
chemicals in their wastes.
The 33/50 Program
The 33/50 Program calls for certain facilities to voluntarily reduce releases and
transfers of 17 selected toxic chemicals. EPA seeks a 33 percent reduction in TRI
releases and transfers of the 17 target chemicals by 1992, and a 50 percent or greater
reduction by 1995, compared to 1988. EPA used 1989 TRI data to develop its list of
priority companies, and TRI reports from following years will be used to measure
the success of the program. (See Chapter 6 for further discussion of the 33/50
Program.)
States are also becoming involved in the 33/50 Program. Indiana has used the 1988
TRI data to conduct an analysis of the 17 targeted toxic substances and their related
industries. Delaware is considering the implementation of a state project similar to,
but more comprehensive than, the 33/50 Program, while Florida has initiated an
aggressive effort to follow up on the program. The State of Florida recently sent
letters and information packages to the executive officials of 200 businesses,
encouraging them to participate in the program to the maximum extent possible and
offering them technical assistance with nonregulatory waste reduction.
Clean Air Act and Amendments
EPA is using TRI data to implement the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA).
The TRI data are being used to set priorities for establishing technology-based
standards to reduce the sources of emissions of 189 hazardous air pollutants listed.
under the Hazardous Air Pollution Title of this Act. Specifically, TRI data are being
used to develop a list of Source Categories (emitters of any of the 189 hazardous air
pollutants), as required under Title III of the Amendments. The SIC codes, as well
as facility information contained in TRI, aided in the identification of certain
industrial groupings for this project. The TRI database is also a source of emissions
information used to estimate potential exposure and risks from the major source
categories, which will be used in the setting of priorities for development of
standards.
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TRI in Other Programs and Policies
Title III of the 1990 CAAA establishes a process by which source categories may
petition to be deleted from the list. It is likely that the TRI database, among others,
will be used by EPA and potential petitioners to identify particular facilities and
sources within those facilities. TRI data also aid in the identification of reporting
facilities that could benefit from participation in the Title HI (of the CAAA) Early
Reductions Program. This voluntary program allows facilities a six-year extension
on compliance with Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards
in exchange for early reductions of toxic air emissions.
Also under the CAAA, EPA is using TRI data in determining whether to set lower
emission cutoffs for specific substances to be designated as "major sources", thereby
broadening the number of facilities subject to regulatory standards. TRI data are
being used to estimate the number of facilities that would be affected by this change.
EPA has used TRI to cross-check emissions data submitted under the Clean Air Act
and to identify sources emitting toxic air pollutants of concern. Additionally, the use
of TRI data to identify sources and amounts of air toxics emissions was a factor in
the allocation of grant money available under Section 105 of the Clean Air Act to
EPA Regional Offices for distribution to state and local governmental agencies' air
programs.
EPA recently used TRI data to negotiate reductions in air emissions from the 40
plants in the country reporting the largest emissions. EPA asked nine chemical
companies, representing 40 facilities in 14 states, to submit plans to reduce air
emissions of several toxic pollutants. The nine companies submitted plans which,
when fully implemented in December 1993, will result in overall annual reductions
of over 80 percent.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
TRI data assists EPA in priority setting for waste minimization efforts by EPA under
RCRA. In combination with other information EPA collects on waste minimization,
TRI data are used to analyze long-term trends and identify certain industry practices
that warrant attention. RCRA regulations also cover the transfer of wastes off site
(other than to POTWs), requiring that off-site transfers be accompanied by a
manifest for tracking purposes, and that they be shipped to permitted treatment,
storage, or disposal facilities only. EPA assigns identification numbers to every
waste-generating or handling facility regulated under RCRA for land disposal of
chemicals. In 1989, 82 percent of all TRI facilities reporting on-site land releases
(representing 98 percent of all TRI on-site land releases for that year) had a RCRA
identification number. Of all the TRI facilities reporting off-site transfers, 96
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Chapter 7
EPA uses TRI data to set
priorities and determine
compliance under the Clean
Water Act and the Safe
Drinking Water Act.
percent reported a RCRA number, representing 98 percent of all TRI off-site
transfers in 1989. (See Chapter 8 for further discussion of the reporting of RCRA
identification numbers in the TRI database.)
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund Act)
TRI data provide information that can be used in developing emission inventories
for the Superfund site discovery program and in preliminary assessments of sites.
TRI data are also valuable as a means of establishing liability under CERCLA.
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
EPA can use TRI data for risk screening purposes and in the selection of chemicals:
for test rule development under TSCA. (See discussion later in this chapter.) TRI
data can be cross-checked with data collected under TSCA to identify those
facilities or types of businesses which have not complied with reporting rules. TRI
data represent a valuable input to TSCA's overall chemical review process, with
end-points other than test rule development.
Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act
Under the Clean Water Act, EPA uses TRI data to determine priorities for develop-
ment of Water Quality Criteria and Advisories, to identify pollutants for which
numeric criteria are needed for water quality standards, and to check for possible
unpermitted discharges. In the Ground Water Protection Program, EPA is using TRI
data as a screening mechanism for possible sources of wellhead contamination of
ground water in a pilot project for three counties in Maryland, Missouri, and
California. Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, EPA uses TRI data to help assure
that underground injection operations comply with program requirements and are
properly authorized by the Underground Injection Control program. EPA is also
using TRI in the development of management plans in its National Estuary Program
to identify sources of toxic discharges into nationally significant estuaries.
Under the Clean Water Act, EPA issues National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permits, which limit over 1,500 types of pollutants, to individual
facilities or states. Of all facilities reporting surface water discharges to TRI, 92
percent had an NPDES permit number reported. (See Chapter 8 for further discus-
sion of NPDES identification numbers in the TRI database.)
Other Federal Uses of TRI Data
Other Federal agencies are also using TRI data. For example, the Internal Revenue
Service is using TRI data to identify companies emitting ozone-depleting chemi-
cals, such as chlorofluorcarbons, to determine who is not paying the new Ozone-
Depleters Excise Tax established in January 1991.
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TRI in Other Programs and Policies
International Efforts
International interest in TRI continues to grow, with many countries considering International Interest In TRI
similar efforts. While most of these attempts are still in the planning stage, Canada continues to grow.
has already enacted legislation to prepare its own toxic chemical release inventory.
Canada
Canada's recently prepared "Green Plan" establishes a database of hazardous
pollutants released by industry and transportation sources, including both the nature
and quantity of pollutants. The plan requires Canada to establish reporting require-
ments by 1992, with the first reports scheduled for public release in 1994.
Europe
The European Community is also actively considering the development of a toxic
chemical release inventory. An international conference, entitled "International
Conference on Reporting Releases of Toxic Chemicals," will be held in Vienna,
Austria from November 13 through 15,1991 to explore the U.S. experience with
TRI and assess the potential for its use in Europe. The conference, which is
sponsored by the U.S. EPA in cooperation with the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD), will focus on applications of the TRI data,
the usefulness of TRI for national and local analyses, and challenges in implement-
ing TRI. Hands-on computer demonstrations will also be provided. Representatives
of the government ministries in Europe, Mexico, the Soviet Union, and the OECD
countries have been invited to attend, along with their counterparts in industry, trade
associations, labor organizations, and environmental and public interest groups.
Friends of the Earth (FOE), a public interest group headquartered in Britain, has
built the first phase of a new right-to-know campaign around TRI. FOE, concerned
that companies are telling the American and not the British public about their
discharges of toxic chemicals, wrote to companies in the United Kingdom asking
them to disclose data on the nature and quantity of their toxic releases and transfers.
At least several companies have agreed to the request.
Dow Chemical has announced that it will report releases and transfers from its plants
all around the world. Other companies have promised similar "global" reports.
Mexico
EPA has used the TRI database to determine TRI releases on or near the U.S./
Mexican border. These data will be used in combination with environmental data
from other EPA databases to provide U.S. and Mexican government officials with
an understanding of the state of the environment at the U.S./Mexican border. Also,
negotiators in the Mexico free trade talks are exploring the benefits of establishing
a toxics reporting system in Mexico.
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Chapter 7
Public Interest groups have
prepared newsletters,
reports, and analyses using
TRI data.
University researchers
surveyed public Interest
groups concerning their
uses of TRI.
Public Response To TRI
TRI data are being used by public interest groups, citizen groups and universities as
the basis of reports and analyses. Objectives of these reports include the following:
• to promote reductions in release quantities;
• to document changes in chemical releases over time; and,
• to present possible explanations for the increases and decreases in releases and
transfers reported by TRI facilities.
Using a grant from EPA, researchers from the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill and Texas A&M University surveyed citizen and environmental groups,
state governments, and a sampling of industries concerning their uses of TRI. The
research team identified 89 reports, 52 of which were produced by citizen and
environmental groups. The researchers also collected seven guides, published by
public interest groups, aiming to help localities in the distribution and analysis of
TRI data. The survey sought information on access to TRI data, its impact, and
limits to its utility.6
In tracking the development of public response to TRI, the research team found that
a number of facilities released their 1987 data in advance of the July TRI deadline
and accompanied the release with pledges of reductions. Despite these facilities'
fear of a public outcry, formal response to the 1987 TRI data was slow to emerge.
Only eight reports were produced in 1988. In 1989,26 reports were published, with
most of these still focusing on 1987 data.
In the 89 reports collected, air emissions received the most attention, followed by
discharges to water. Often, reports focused upon high-impact facilities and high
volume chemicals. Many examined a particular SIC code or industrial sector. In the
evaluation of the dangers associated with TRI chemicals, human health risks were
examined most often, but one-third of the reports did address ecological dangers
such as ozone layer depletion and threats to wildlife.
Thirty-five percent of the reports' analyses and conclusions aimed to influence
specific state policies, while 15 percent focused on policy changes at the national
level. Half of the reports cited the institution of pollution prevention or toxics use
reduction laws as their main policy objective, and over one-third included citizen
empowerment as one of their aims.
On a national level, the Working Group on Community Right-To-Know, which
represents about a dozen environmental and public interest organizations, prepares
a newsletter, "Working Notes on Community Right-To-Know."
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TRI in Other Programs and Policies
At the state level, the New Jersey Public Interest Research Group produced
Chemical Consequences: An Investigation of Toxic Chemical Use and its Impact on
New Jersey, dated May 15,1990. This report compares TRI data to the production
and use data collected under the state's Right-To-Know program and concludes
that TRI releases and transfers constitute only a fraction of the full story of toxic
chemicals in New Jersey. The report states that at the same time that chemical
wastes are being released and transferred by manufacturers, other much larger
amounts of the same chemicals not required to be reported to TRI are being
transported over public roads, stored within communities, handled in the workplace,
and brought into the home in the form of building materials and consumer products.
Newspaper journalists have also found that TRI data are of high local interest to
communities affected by toxic chemical pollution. For example, the Cleveland
Plain Dealer used the zip codes provided on the TRI forms filed with the Ohio EPA
to identify neighborhoods where most of Ohio's pollution is centered.7 The Louis-
ville (Kentucky) Courier-Journal ran a series of articles detailing and drawing
attention to particular Kentucky communities affected by TRI releases and trans-
fers.8 In 1988, before public availability of the TRI database, this newspaper
compiled the TRI reports for the state of Kentucky and brought the information to
the attention of state officials, plant managers, environmentalists and others. The
information showed not only a larger quantity and wider variety of releases and
transfers than officials previously believed, but that many of these releases and
transfers were unregulated. After the Courier-Journal made the information avail-
able, officials at several agencies began investigations, particularly about "signifi-
cant discrepancies" between the TRI reports and information supplied earlier by the
industry to state officials.
Concerned about the level of pollution in their neighborhoods, citizens in a number
of areas have employed TRI data to urge representatives of nearby manufacturing
facilities to reduce toxic chemical emissions. A number of facilities have responded
to this public pressure by voluntarily signing "good neighbor agreements." One
company affected by community concern was IBM, whose San Jose, California
plant was the single largest emitter of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
in California. In 1989, the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition targeted IBM in its
pollution prevention efforts, culminating with a march on the San Jose plant and the
press release of model good neighbor agreements. The media attention IBM
received convinced the industry to present a new position on ozone-depleting
chemicals, with the goal of a complete phase-out of CFCs by the end of 1993. IBM
announced that it would implement safe solvents in place of CFC 113, and has now
adopted a water-based process in the cleaning of electronic parts. The action of the
Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition demonstrates the effectiveness of TRI data in
pollution prevention. The coalition has published a guidebook, Citizen's Guide to
the New Federal Right-to-Know Law: How you can get toxics informations and use
it to fight pollution, intended as a guide to other communities concerned with local
pollution levels.
Newspapers have used TRI
data to highlight toxic
pollution in specific
communities.
Citizens have used TRI data
to urge facilities to reduce
toxic chemical emissions.
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Chapter 7
Many companies are taking
slops to reduce their wastes
containing TRI chemicals.
CMA and other Industrial
associations are helping
member companies meet the
requirements of TRI and
related legislation.
Industry Response To TRI
Many companies have been greatly affected by TRI reporting because their top
officials had previously not fully appreciated the nature and extent of their toxic
chemical releases and transfers. When confronted with the numbers, many of these
companies began taking steps to reduce their wastes containing TRI chemicals, or to
reduce the releases and transfers resulting from such wastes. Often they discover in
the process of instituting control measures that such procedures can be economically
advantageous.
Industries responding to researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel.
Hillthe conducting the survey described above reported that TRI data were most
useful to them for pollution prevention efforts, emergency management, and
community education. Industrial representatives also reported that the TRI data had
led to more contact and cooperation between citizens and industry, leading to Good
Neighbor Agreements and mutual negotiations for pollution prevention.
The Houston Regional Monitoring Corporation, a consortium of 45 companies
located in the Houston, Texas, ship channel industrial complex, recently began a
voluntary measurement program to assess long-term community air quality for a
target list of 150 chemical compounds.9 The current emphasis of the program was
brought about in part by TRI, and Houston Regional Monitoring data are being used
to assess the significance of TRI air emissions estimates, which is done by compar-
ing actual air quality measurements to TRI reports. The initial results have been used
to address public concerns concerning the air quality impact of airborne toxic
emissions reported under TRI.
The Courier-Journal in Louisville, Kentucky reported several examples of industry
responses to TRI.10 Among these was a pledge by Monsanto, a chemical company
based in St. Louis, Missouri, to reduce its air emissions, which totaled 20 million
pounds at 41 plants in 1987, by 90 percent over five years. The company's manager
for environmental and community relations said that TRI forced top officials to
examine the company's total emissions.
Industrial associations are becoming more involved in aggregating information on
their industrial sector and in helping member companies meet the requirements and
spirit of this and related legislation. The Chemical Manufacturers Association
(CMA) is using TRI data to track pollution prevention progress of member compa-
nies under CMA's Responsible Care program. This program, adopted in 1989,
establishes operating principles for health, safety, and the environment, and codes of
management practices (such as the Community Awareness and Emergency Re-
sponse Code of Management Practices). CMA published a first report on TRI data
in the summer of 1991 (based on;1989 TRI data) and is planning a much-expanded
and more detailed report for the following year (based on 1990 TRI data). CMA is
also developing a project to encourage pollution prevention technology transfer
among member facilities.
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TRI in Other Programs and Policies
TRI CHEMICALS SUBJECT TO TESTING AND
REGULATORY PROGRAMS
The first part of the chapter summarized how TRI data as a whole are being used by
public and private groups in the development and implementation of environmental
programs and policies. The remainder of this chapter is devoted to telling how many
individual TRI chemicals are themselves subject to study, testing, and regulation
under several federal statutes and programs and mentions sources of further infor-
mation about the status of these chemicals.
Information On The Effects Of TRI Chemicals
While TRI itself does not provide information on the effects of its listed chemicals,
the health and environmental effects of many TRI chemicals are currently being
studied and addressed in several other programs. These programs include the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) Section 4 testing program; the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) re-registration and data call-in program;
the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) toxicological
profile program; and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) testing program.
In some cases, TRI chemicals are studied in these programs because of concerns
raised before TRI existed or independently of TRI; in other cases, TRI chemicals are
studied because of concerns raised directly from the TRI data.
Some programs, such as the TSCA Section 4 testing program, FIFRA re-registration
and data call-in program, and NTP testing program, involve actual testing of the
chemicals to determine their effects. Results from the tests done in these programs
are useful in evaluating the health and environmental impacts of TRI releases and
transfers and the potential risks posed by these releases.11 The ATSDR toxicological
profile program, on the other hand, evaluates existing information and determines
harmful exposure levels and serious health effects for the chemicals. These pro-
grams are described in greater detail below. In addition, Appendix K shows the
status of the specific TRI chemicals in each of these programs.
TSCA Section 4 Testing Program
Congress enacted Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to respond
to the concern that effects of chemicals on human health and the environment were
often not adequately documented or understood. Under this law, EPA requires
chemical manufacturers and processors to perform testing to develop adequate data
on the health and environmental effects of potentially hazardous chemicals. Accord-
ing to the Act, EPA must make three "findings" before requiring testing under a test
rule:
The effects of TRI chemicals
are being studied In several
federal programs.
57 TRI chemicals are being
tested or are proposed for
testing under the TSCA
Section 4 testing program.
325
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Chapter 7
(1) that the chemical may pose an unreasonable risk to health or to the environment;
or that the chemical is produced in substantial quantities, which could result in
substantial or significant human exposure or substantial environmental release;
(2) that insufficient data or knowledge exist about the health or environmental
effects of the chemical to reasonably determine or predict the impacts of its!
manufacture, processing, distribution, use and/or disposal; and
(3) that testing is needed to develop such data.
Alternatively, EPA may negotiate a testing consent order with the manufacturer!!
and processors of the chemical.
TSCA established the Interagency Testing Committee (TTC) to provide EPA with
chemical testing needs from other federal agencies that are involved in regulation
and research related to environmental and health issues, such as the Food and Drug
Administration, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the Con-
sumer Product Safety Commission. The ITC reviews available data on a variety of
chemicals and recommends which may require EPA's priority consideration for
additional testing. Both the ITC and EPA use the TRI data to help make determina-
tions.
EPA also considers recommendations from its own program offices. For example,
EPA has issued a test rule covering a number of chemicals of concern to the Office
of Solid Waste, and has recently proposed testing for several chemicals being
reviewed by the Office of Drinking Water as well as a substitute paint stripper (N-
methylpyrrolidone) for the Consumer Product Safety Commission.
As of July 1991, 77 TRI chemicals have been reviewed or are currently being
considered under the Section 4 testing program. Additional testing has been required
or has been proposed for 57 of these 77 chemicals. (See Appendix K, Table K-l.)
Requirements may include tests for health effects in the areas of mutagenesis,
carcinogenesis, reproductive effects, developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity;
environmental effects such as effects on birds, fish, plants, and bioaccumulation;
and/or environmental fate such as solubility, persistence, degradation, transport in
the environment, and volatility.
EPA evaluated testing needs for 13 out of the 77 TRI chemicals, but decided not to
require testing because test data were subsequently submitted by the manufacturers
and processors or because EPA determined that testing on the chemicals was not
needed at this time. The remaining seven chemicals of the 77 are beginning review
under the Section 4 program.
More specific information on the testing required for each chemical may be found iin
Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 799; in the Public Docket at the
EPA Document Control Office (TS-793), Rm. G-004 NE Mall, 401 M St. SW,
326
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TRI in Other Programs and Policies
Washington, DC 20460; or by contacting the TSCA Assistance Information Hotline
at 202-554-1404. For information on test results, see the Public Docket or contact
the TSCA Hotline.
FIFRA Re-registration and Data Call-in Program
All pesticides sold or used in the United States must be registered by EPA. Issuance
of registration is based on scientific studies showing that a pesticide can be used
without posing unreasonable risks to people or the environment Under the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), pesticide registrants are
responsible for making data available to EPA showing the human health and
environmental effects of each pesticide in use.
Potentially harmful effects upon humans include acute reactions such as toxic
poisoning and skin and eye irritation, as well as effects including cancer, birth
defects, or reproductive system disorders. In addition, EPA must obtain data to
estimate the residues in food and potential worker exposure. EPA also requires data
on the environmental fate of each chemical, so that it can determine whether a
pesticide poses a threat to ground water or surface water.
In addition to mandating the pre-market clearance of new pesticides, FIFRA
requires that pesticides first registered years ago be "re-registered" to ensure that
they meet current scientific standards. As part of this re-registration process, EPA
reviews each pesticide chemical and determines what additional data are necessary.
EPA then issues a "data call-in" notice for the pesticide, requiring the registrant to
submit any needed additional data.
The mandatory timeframes for EPA and registrants to re-register pesticides were
amended in 1988 to accelerate the process. As amended, FIFRA requires EPA to
complete by 1997 the re-registration review of each product containing any
pesticide registered before November 1,1984. The amended provisions establish
deadlines for pesticide registrants to identify and supply the data necessary for EPA
to make decisions. EPA has published four lists of pesticides subject to re-
registration, covering approximately 600 pesticide active ingredient cases.12
Registrants must first declare whether they intend to seek re-registration. Over a
period of several years, registrants identify data gaps, resubmit existing studies, and
perform testing to fill new data requirements. After reviewing the data, EPA
determines whether a pesticide is eligible for re-registration. Once the active
ingredient is eligible for re-registration, data on the end-use products containing
that active ingredient, called product-specific data, must be submitted and reviewed
before the pesticide product can be re-registered. EPA then will either re-register
the pesticide products or take other appropriate regulatory action. When a pesticide
is eligible for re-registration, EPA announces this in a Re-registration Eligibility
Document (RED). The RED describes the lexicological and environmental effects
of the pesticide.
124 TRI chemicals are
pesticides; 71 of these are
required to be re-registered.
327
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Chapter 7
ATSDR ToxFcoIoglcal
Profiles have been prepared
for 115 TRI chemicals.
Of the 124 TRI chemicals that are pesticides, 71 are subject to re-registration.
Appendix K, Table K-l provides a complete list of TRI chemicals, indicating which
are subject to re-registration procedures.
To obtain a copy of the RED for individual pesticides, contact the Public Response
and Program Resources Branch, Field Operations Division (H-7506C), Office of
Pesticide Programs, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 20460. Telephone (703) 557-
4436.
For more information about a particular pesticide or EPA's pesticide re-registration
and data call-in program, contact the Special Review and Re-registration Division
(H-7508W), Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 20460.
Telephone (703) 308-8000.
ATSDR Toxicological Profile Program
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of
1980 (CERCLA or Superfund), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986, directs the Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR) to prepare toxicological profiles for hazardous chemi-
cals which are most commonly found at facilities on the CERCLA National
Priorities List (Superfund sites) and which pose the most significant potential threat
to human health, as determined by ATSDR and EPA. The resulting lists of the 225
most significant hazardous chemicals were published in the Federal Register on
April 17, 1987, on October 20, 1988, and on October 26, 1989. Each ATSDR
toxicological profile must include the following:
(1) An examination, summary, and interpretation of available toxicological infor-
mation and epidemiological evaluations on the hazardous substance in order to
ascertain the levels of significant human exposure for the substance and the
associated acute, subacute, and chronic health effects;
(2) A determination of whether adequate information on the health effects of each
substance is available or in the process of development to determine levels of
exposure which present a significant risk to human health of acute, subacute, and
chronic health effects; and
(3) Where appropriate, an identification of toxicological testing needed to identify
the types or levels of exposure that may present significant risk of adverse health
effects in humans.
The toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by
ATSDR and EPA. The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on
April 17,1987. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary, but no less
often than every three years.
328
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TRI in Other Programs and Policies
The ATSDR lexicological profile succinctly characterizes a chemical's toxicologi-
cal properties and the significant health effects associated with human exposure.
Each profile reviews the key literature describing the chemical's toxicological
properties. This data may be used to evaluate the significance to individuals and the
public of current or potential exposures to the chemicals. The profiles are intended
for health professionals at the federal, state, and local levels, interested private
sector organizations and groups, andmembers of the public involved with Superfund
sites.
Of the 225 chemicals ATSDR and EPA have listed as significant hazardous
chemicals at Superfund sites and for which ATSDR must prepare toxicological
profiles, 115 are also TRI chemicals. ATSDR has prepared toxicological profiles of
all 115 of these chemicals. These chemicals are identified in Appendix K, Table K-
1. Copies of the ATSDR toxicological profiles are available from ATSDR, Division
of Toxicology, Mail Stop E-29, 1600 Clifton Road, ME, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
National Toxicology Testing Program
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services established the National
Toxicology Program in 1978 to coordinate its efforts in toxicological research and
testing, to provide information about potentially toxic chemicals to regulatory
agencies and the public, and to strengthen the scientific base of toxicology. The NTP
efforts aim to identify and characterize the toxicity of chemicals and develop better
and less expensive methods for determining whether chemicals may be hazardous.
The NTP consists of toxicological activities underway at the National Institutes of
Health's National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH/NIEHS), the
Center for Disease Control's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(CDC/NIOSH), and the Food and Drug Administration's National Center for
Toxicological Research (FDA/NCTR). These three agencies cover the costs of the
NTP testing program. The NTP Executive Committee oversees the program's
direction and policies. The Committee is composed of the heads of federal research
and regulatory agencies concerned with human health.
Chemicals are nominated for testing by all participating agencies and are encour-
aged from all sectors of the public. The Executive Committee decides whether to
test the chemicals in the recommended studies and also recommends priorities for
testing. The NTP's chemical selection principles are listed in Box 7-B. The NTP
Executive Committee operates under the principle that industry will test chemicals
for health and environmental effects as intended and mandated by the Congress
under legislative authorities such as FIFRA, TSCA, and the Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (FDCA). Therefore, the NTP focuses its resources primarily on
chemicals that are not likely to be tested under these legislative authorities.
The NTP testing program
has tested or is currently
testing 211 TRI chemicals.
529
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Chapter 7
At present, 211TRI chemicals have been or are currently being tested in the NTP
testing program. These chemicals are identified in Appendix K. Testing includes
studies in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, reproductive and developmental toxicol-
ogy, and lexicological characterization (such as studies on cardiac, immunologic
and neurobehavioral toxicology), and chemical disposition (absorption, distribu-
tion, metabolism, and excretion). Technical Reports on NTP toxicology and
carcinogenesis studies are available for public distribution. Requests for publica-
tions should be directed to: NTP Public Information Office, MD B2-04, Box 12233,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Telephone: (919) 541-3991.
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-------
TRI in Other Programs and Policies
Other Laws And Regulations Affecting TRI Chemicals
Several other environmental laws and regulations pertain to TRI chemicals. Among
these are the Clean Air Act (CAA), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liabil-
ity Act of 1980 (CERCLA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), and other sections of the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA).
Clean Air Act and Amendments
Under the Clean Air Act of 1970, EPA established National Ambient Air Quality
Standards for air "criteria pollutants" such as ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead, and participate matter. EPA also established Na-
tional Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS), pollutants that
may pose serious health hazards but are not covered by the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards, NESHAPS were established for seven hazardous air pollutants;
six of those pollutants are TRI chemicals (benzene, arsenic, asbestos, vinyl chloride,
beryllium, and mercury).
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 change the approach by which EPA will
control emissions of air toxics. The law lists 189 hazardous air pollutants, 173 of
which are TRI chemicals, and establishes a schedule requiring EPA to set maximum
achievable control technology (MACT) standards for all major sources of those
pollutants over a ten-year period. Residual health risk remaining after implementa-
tion of the MACT standards may trigger additional emission reduction.
The new amendments require EPA to focus on source categories which emit
hazardous air pollutants, such as the synthetic organic chemical manufacturing
industry and the dry cleaning industry, rather than on specific pollutants. Regula-
tions for the synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry will require reduc-
tions of up to 110 hazardous air pollutants. EPA will publish the list of categories of
major sources by November 15,1991, and a schedule announcing when the various
source categories will be regulated a year later. The amendments require EPA to
publish MACT standards for 41 source categories by November 15,1992. State and
local air-pollution agencies will have primary responsibility to make sure industrial
plants meet the standards.
In addition to the MACT standards for emissions of air toxics, another section of the
Clean Air Act Amendments requires a progressive phase-out of production of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons by 2000 and of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (also
known as methyl chloroform) by 2002 due to their ozone-depleting potential. These
requirements are applicable to eight TRI chemicals: Freon-113, CFC-11, CFC-12,
CFC-114, Halon 1211, Halon 1301, Halon 2402, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.13
Many other regulations
affect TRI chemicals.
Air emission standards were
established for 6 TRI
chemicals under the Clean
Air Act of 1970.
173 hazardous air pollutants
under the 1990 Clean Air Act
Amendments are TRI
chemicals.
Ozone-depleting chemicals
are being phased out.
331
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Chapter 7
193 TRI chemicals are
CERCLA hazardous
substances.
EPA has published water
quality guidelines for 80 TRI
chemicals.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act (CERCLA) or "Superfund"
CERCLA requires any person in charge of a vessel or facility to report the release of
a CERCLA hazardous substance to the National Response Center, if a quantity
equal to or greater than its reportable quantity (RQ) is, released to the environment
in a 24-hour period. (See Chapter 3, Box 3-G for explanation of RQs.) This allows
the Federal government to determine if a response action is warranted. In addition,
EPCRA Section 304 requires reporting of these releases (as well as releases of otheir
extremely hazardous substances not currently on the CERCLA Hazardous Sub-
stance list) to state and local authorities. The 193 TRI chemicals that are also
CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to all of the requirements of CERCLA
such as reporting, liability, financial responsibility, and cleanup.
Information reported to the National Response Center is entered into the Emergency
Response Notification System (ERNS). ERNS is a national computer database and
retrieval system that is used to store information on releases of oil and hazardous
substances. ERNS, which is operational in all ten U.S. EPA regions and is supported
by the U.S. Coast Guard, provides a mechanism for documenting and verifying
incident notification information as initially reported. ERNS provides a direct
source of easily accessible data that can be used to analyze spills and to support
emergency planning efforts at the federal, state, and local levels.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Hazardous wastes must be stored, treated, or disposed of in hazardous waste
management facilities regulated under Federal RCRA or under authorized state
programs. Hazardous waste management facilities include facilities with disposal
units (such as landfills), storage facilities, and treatment facilities. Under RCRA,
various criteria are used for listing wastes as hazardous. These criteria include the
presence of hazardous constituents such as a toxic chemical; process-specific waste
streams, which may have mixtures of chemicals; and wastes exhibiting the charac-
teristics of ignitibility, corrosivity, reactivity and certain toxicity. The TRI database
contains the RCRA identification numbers for both the TRI facilities sending wastes
and for the facilities receiving wastes regulated under the RCRA program.
Clean Water Act
Under the Clean Water Act, the discharge of any pollutant is unlawful unless it is in
compliance with the Act. This provision is implemented by EPA and the states
through the development of effluent guidelines, the adoption of water quality
standards, and the issuance of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permits. These programs have focused on a subset of 126 priority
pollutants. EPA has published water quality criteria for the 126 priority pollutants,
and states are now in the process of adopting water quality standards for these
priority pollutants. The states and EPA then use applicable state water quality
552
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TRI in Other Programs and Policies
standards, together with industry-specific standards based on best available treat-
ment technology, to set enforceable permit limits on the amounts of these and other
toxic pollutants that cities and industries are allowed to discharge to waters of the
United States. EPA is preparing to issue Federal water quality standards if states do
not adopt standards as Congress has directed. Of the 126 priority pollutants, 94 are
TRI chemicals. EPA has published water quality criteria for 80 of these chemicals,
and a number of the TRI chemicals are covered by state water quality standards.
Safe Drinking Water Act
The Safe Drinking Water Act and its amendments were designed to control
contaminants in public drinking water supplies that EPA determines may have
adverse effects upon human health. Under the Act, EPA is to establish National
Primary Drinking Water Regulations by establishing nonenforceable health goals,
named maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs), and enforceable standards,
called maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). An MCL is to be set as close to the
maximum contaminant level goal as is feasible with the use of the best technology,
treatment techniques, and other means generally available, taking costs into consid-
eration. If it is not economically or technologically feasible to determine the level of
a contaminant in drinking water, a treatment technique may be established instead
of an MCL. EPA has set the MCLGs for carcinogenic pollutants at zero. MCLGs for
noncarcinogenic agents are set by establishing the dose at which harmful effects
may be observed and then compensating for uncertainties. MCLGs and MCLs have
been set for 22 TRI chemicals.
In addition to setting drinking water standards, EPA also publishes health adviso-
ries. These advisories are not federally enforceable, but rather describe levels of
contaminants in drinking water that are associated with adverse health effects.
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
(EPCRA)
In addition to the TRI reporting requirements under Section 313 of EPCRA, other
sections of EPCRA apply to TRI chemicals. Sections 301 to 303 of EPCRA require
state and local efforts to develop emergency response and preparedness capabilities
based on chemical information provided by facilities. Section 304 of EPCRA
requires immediate emergency notification to state and local authorities when any
of the 360 substances designated "extremely hazardous" are released to the environ-
ment in an amount and in a timeframe requiring notification (or when an emergency
release notification under CERCLA is required). Section 312 of EPCRA requires
owners/operators to submit information on amounts, storage locations, and hazards
associated with hazardous chemicals present in certain quantities at their facilities to
state and local emergency planners and local fire departments. The three groups of
chemicals subject to reporting under EPCRA are described below; some chemicals
appear in several groups. Many TRI chemicals are included in these groups of
chemicals.
Drinking water standards
have been set for 22 TRI
chemicals.
Many TRI chemicals must
also be reported under
other sections of EPCRA.
333
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Chapter 7
Facilities with Extremely
Hazardous Substances must
notify state and local
authorities.
State and local officials
must be notified about
releases of CERCLA
Hazardous Substances.
Facilities must report MSDSs
and annual Inventories to
stale and local officials.
EPA's Roadmaps database
contains Information about
regulations applicable to TRI
chemicals.
EPCRA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS). The EHS
list includes 360 chemicals, of which 56 are TRI chemicals. These chemicals were
chosen to provide an initial focus for chemical emergency preparedness purposes
because of their acutely toxic properties, as well as their potential to be airborne. The
EHS list includes a "threshold planning quantity" (TPQ) for each substance. If, at
any time, this amount or more of an EHS chemical is present at any a, the owner or
operator must notify the State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) and the
Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) that it is a facility subject to
emergency planning. The facility also names a facility representative to the LEPC.
In addition, releases of reportable quantities (RQ) of these chemicals within a 24-
hour period require immediate emergency notification to state and local authorities
under section 304 of EPCRA. The reportable quantity is assigned under CERCLA if
the EHS is also a CERCLA hazardous substance. If a final RQ has not been assigned
under CERCLA, an RQ of one pound applies for reporting under EPCRA. If the EHS
is also a CERCLA hazardous substance, notification of the National Response
Center may also be required (subject to the Emergency Release Notification
requirements under CERCLA). (See Chapter 3, Box 3-E for an explanation of TPQs
andRQs.)
CERCLA Hazardous Substances. In addition to the EPCRA extremely hazard-
ous substances, CERCLA hazardous substances now subject to the emergency
notification requirements of CERCLA are also subject to the emergency release
notification provisions of EPCRA. CERCLA requires immediate notification of
hazardous substance releases, subject to certain limitations, to the National Re-
sponse Center, which alerts federal emergency response authorities. EPCRA re-
quires immediate notification of state and local officials. Of the 720 CERCLA
substances, 193 are TRI chemicals.
Hazardous Chemicals. Under Section 312 of EPCRA, facility owners/operators
must report the amounts, locations, and potential hazards of hazardous chemicals
present at or above threshold quantities at their property to the relevant SERCs,
LEPCs and local fire departments. Annual inventories must include the amounts,
storage location, and hazards associated with each hazardous chemical. Chemicals
subject to this reporting requirement are those defined as "hazardous chemicals"
under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations.
Under this definition, thousands of chemicals are subject to reporting.
SARA Section 313 Roadmaps Database
A useful source of information about which federal regulations apply to each TRI
chemical is the SARA Section 313 Roadmaps database developed by EPA. The
Roadmaps system includes information on federal regulations, health and environ-
mental effects, carcinogenicity and other properties, references for general informa-
tion documents and on-line databases, state air and water regulations and monitor-
ing data, and state contacts. The Roadmaps system is designed to run on an IBM-
334
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TR1in Other Programs and Policies
compatible personal computer and is available on floppy disk from National
Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia
22161. Telephone (703) 487-4600.
Roadmaps provides a comprehensive listing of the federal regulations which apply
to each TRI chemical as well as selected specific regulatory requirements. Included
are regulatory requirements for CERCLA Reportable Quantity (RQ), EPCRA
Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ), OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL),
ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV), Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL), and RCRA Toxicity Characteristic concentration. For example, a
listing of federal regulations for trichloroethylene is shown in Figure 7-1. Listings
can also be generated showing all TRI chemicals subject to a particular regulation,
in addition to the applicable regulations for each TRI chemical. For example, Figure
7-2 shows part of the list of chemicals for which there are CERCLA RQs.
Carcinogenicity information provided on Roadmaps includes the carcinogenicity
classifications by NTP, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),
and EPA. NTP bioassay results and GENETOX (genetic toxicity) results are also
given. For other health effects, Roadmaps indicates whether information is available
on heritable mutations, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, acute toxic-
ity, chronic toxicity, and neurotoxicity based on a literature review and provides the
reference for the source of information. Also noted is whether information is
available on aquatic toxicity, persistence in the environment, and bioaccumulation.
335
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Chapter 7
Today's Date
07/03/91 SARA Section 313 ROADHAPS Information Page: 1
Trichtoroethylene
CAS Number: 79-01-6 Update: 07/14/89 Number of Sources: 18
Federal Regulations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13,
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980, 42 USC 9601 et seq.
CERCLA Reportable Quantity (RQ> (# indicates that an adjusted RQ has
been proposed; ## indicates that the RO. may be adjusted in the
future): 1000# (pounds)
Safe Drinking Water Act, 40 CFR 141, Subparts B and G, Maximum
Contaminant Level (HCL) (* indicates value for total trihalomethanes):
5ug/L
Safe Drinking Water Act, 40 CFR 141, Subpart F, Maximum Contaminant
Level Goal (HCLG) (non-enforceable goal based on health effects): Zero
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), General Industry
Standards for Toxic and Hazardous Substances as of Jan. 19, 1989, 29
CFR 1910, Subpart Z
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible
Exposure Limit, 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) (R indicates
transitional limit): 50.000 pom
Clean Water Act Section 311 (b) (4), Oil and Hazardous Substances
Liability, 40 CFR 116
Clean Water Act Section 307 (a). Toxic and Pretreatment Effluent
Standards, 40 CFR 116
EPA's Office of Air and Radiation is developing or planning to develop
Federal regulations under the Clean Air Act for new or additional
source categories.
EPA's Office of Air and Radiation is assessing to determine if
regulations under the Clean Air Act for any new or additional source
categories are warranted.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Section 3001, Criteria for
Identification or Listing, hazardous wastes and hazardous waste
constituents, 40 CFR 261.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Appendix IX - Ground-Water
Monitoring List, chemicals for which ground-water monitoring is
required, 40 CFR 264.
RCRA Toxicity Characteristic, concentration at or above which a
chemical exhibits Extraction Procedure toxicity, proposed 6/13/86, 51
FR 21648 (mg/L): 0.07
Figure 7-1. Example of Federal Regulations Contained in Roadmaps, 1989. (Trichloroethylene)
336
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TRf in Other Programs and Policies
Today's Date
07/03/91
(continued)
SARA Section 313 ROADHAPS Information
Page: 2
14. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Sec 8(a), Chemical Substance
Inventory, 40 CFR 710
15. Toxic Substances Control Act Section 8 (e). Notices of substantial
risk submitted by private sources. (OTS Public Reading Room or TSCA
Assistance Office)
16. Department of Transportation (DOT) 49 CFR 172, Subpart B Tables of
Hazardous Materials, Their Description, Proper Shipping, Name, Class,
Label, Packaging and RQ
17. Pesticide ingredient under Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 7 USC 136 et seq.
18. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Section 110,
priority chemicals at National Priority List (NPL) hazardous waste
sites
Figure 7-1, Continued.
Map 7-1. EPA Regions.
557
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Chapter 7
Today's Date
07/02/91
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
50-00-0
51-28-5
51-79-6
52-68-6
53-96-3
55-18-5
55-63-0
56-23-5
56-38-2
57-12-5
57-14-7
57-74-9
58-89-9
60-11-7
60-34-4
62-53-3
62-55-5
62-56-6
62-73-7
62-75-9
63-25-2
67-56-1
67-64-1
67-66-3
67-72-1
SARA Section 313 ROADMAPS Information Page: 1
1 - CERCLA RQ (pounds)
Formaldehyde
2,4-Dinitrophenol
Urethane (Ethyl carbamate)
Trichlorfon
2-Acety laminof luorene
H-Kitrosodiethylamine
Hitroglycerin
Carbon tetrachloride
Parathion
Cyanide
1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine
Chlordane
Lindane
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Methyl hydrazine
Aniline
Thioacetamide
Thiourea
Dichlorvos
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Carbaryl
Methanol
Acetone
Chloroform
Hexachloroethane
RQ= 1000#
RQ= 10
RQ= W
RQ= 100
RQ= W
RQ- W
RQ= 10
RQ= 5000*
RQ= 1#
R0= 10
RQ= 1#
RQ= tit
RQ= 1#
RQ= 1#
RQ= 10
RQ= 5000
RQ= 1#
RQ= 1#
RQ= 10
RQ= W
RQ= 100
RQ= 5000
RQ= 5000
RQ= 5000#
Rgure 7-2. Partial Listing of Chemicals In Roadmaps for Which There are CERLA RQs. (# indicates that
an adjusted RQ has been proposed.)
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TRI in Other Programs and Policies
NOTES
1. Pollution prevention strategies seek to reduce, avoid, or eliminate the generation of wastes and
consequent releases of toxic chemicals as a more reliable and effective means of protecting workers,
citizens and the environment from exposure to toxic chemicals in wastes than end-of-pipe
measures. (See Chapter 5.)
2. Information on state activities in this chapter comes from EPA records and from letters and
published and nonpublished state reports received from state TRI coordinators (prior to the end of
May, 1991).
3. Information from the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality's report, Louisiana Toxics
Release Inventory: 1989, page 2.
4. Louisiana Chemical Industry Emissions Report, 1988-1989, prepared for the Louisiana Chemical
Association by Information Research, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, October 1990.
S. As defined by EPA, source reduction involves eliminating or reducing the amount of waste
generated before any treatment, recycling, or disposal. (See Chapter 5.)
6. UNC Institute for Environmental Studies, The Toxics Release Inventory: Access, Use and Impact.
Chapel Hill, August 1991.
7. "Toxic Threats Up In The Air," The Plain Dealer, Cleveland, Ohio, January 27,1991.
8. "Air of Peril: More Hazardous Chemicals Are Going Into Kentucky Skies Than Anyone Knew," and
"Governments' Response Shows Usefulness of Chemical Release Report," Courier-Journal and
Louisville Times Co., Louisville, Kentucky, November 27,1988.
9. F. Scott LaGrone, "Potential Community Exposure to Toxic Chemicals," Environmental Science and
Technology, Volume 25, Number 3,1991.
10. "Air of Peril: More Hazardous Chemicals Are Going Into Kentucky Skies Than Anyone Knew,"
Courier-Journal and Louisville Times Co., Louisville, Kentucky, November 27,1988.
11. See Chapter 3 for discussion of the relationship of chemical effects, exposure, and risk.
12. Pesticide products are normally formulations of one or more pesticidally active chemicals combined
with one or more pesticidally inert ingredients. Products are regulated primarily on the basis of their
pesticidally active ingredients. There are approximately 1,300 individual active ingredients, which
EPA has combined into basic groups that may be regulated together as active ingredient "cases"
(e.g. salts and esters of the same chemical). An example of such a grouping is 2,4-D, which
includes 35 individual active ingredients.
13. Freon-113 and 1,1,1-trichloroethane have always been on the TRI list of chemicals. The others
were added after the 1989 reporting period. (See Chapter 2, Box 2-A.)
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Photo: Sheila A. Ferguson
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CHAPTER 8. USING THE TRI DATABASE
Using the TRI Database
In each of the previous two TEH National Reports, the final chapter gave examples
of the many other types of analyses for which TRI data can be used, such as regional
analyses and the analyses of particular chemicals. This year, the final chapter gives
examples of some of the detailed issues, such as database standardization, that
emerge in the maintenance and use of the TRI database. By giving insights into
various features of the publicly-available TRI data, this chapter provides some
guidance that EPA trusts will be useful to those involved in TRI database analysis.
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF THE TRI DATABASE
Chapter 2 outlines many of the changes in the TRI database since last year, some of
which result from new facilities in the database making submissions. In an effort to
insure a timely response to TRI reporting requirements, EPA has conducted
numerous mass mailings to manufacturing facilities, has been working with a wide
variety of trade associations, and has hosted local and national seminars. EPA
continues to enforce the reporting requirements and, in particular, to locate facilities
meeting TRI requirements that have not reported.
Other changes in the TRI database result from companies submitting revised
estimates of thek releases and transfers. Because EPA believes that in most cases
these revisions result in better estimates than before, the Agency has been allowing
facilities to submit revised estimates when the facilities believe that they have
reached a better estimate as well as when previous submissions have been found to
be in error. To help companies with questions about how to report, EPA continues
to refine its detailed reporting instructions and has prepared 16 industry-specific
guidance documents. In addition, EPA maintains a toll-free phone line (1-800-535-
0202) to answer technical and other questions from facilities. The hotline also
provides single copies of selected documents related to TRI free of charge.
EPA continues the practice, instituted two years ago, of contacting facilities by
telephone when the data for thek facility fail quality checks or when they meet
certain criteria. For example, emphasis has been placed on contacting facilities with
significant changes in reported releases and transfers between 1987,1988, and 1989
submissions.
Similarly, EPA has a continuing program of site visits to evaluate the accuracy of
reported release and transfer estimates. Data from these site visits are being used to
quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of reported data and to educate reporting
facilities on how to improve thek submissions. In addition, EPA Regional auditors
have a guidance manual to assist them in reviewing a facility's Form R data and
evaluating the quality of the data submitted.
EPA accepts revised
estimates from TRI facilities.
EPA conducts a variety of
activities to evaluate
reported data.
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EPA places an emphasis
upon data entry accuracy.
EPA also continues to place a major emphasis on assuring data entry accuracy
within the TRI database. EPA's recent internal review of 2 percent of the TRI
records showed a data entry accuracy rate in excess of 99 percent, up from 98
percent two years ago. EPA continues to expand computerized edit checking at the
point of data entry. Once TRI data are received from the facilities and entered into
the computer, the data quality program has several computerized checks reviewing
both the accuracy of data transcription and its consistency within an individual form,
flagging any errors for attention. In addition, EPA has instituted a procedure of
mailing copies of all facility release and transfer information back to the reporting
facilities, allowing them to verify the data in the TRI database with their own
records. EPA has also greatly reduced Agency-introduced data entry errors by
establishing a procedure whereby facilities can report TRI information already
computerized on magnetic disks or tapes. Over 650 facilities submitted their 1989
data in this way.
As a result of these efforts, EPA believes that each year the TRI database has
improved significantly, with more accurate estimates of releases and transfers.
UNDERSTANDING FORM R DATA
One of the best ways to become acquainted with what the TRI data do and do not
mean is simply to read a copy of the reporting Form R and instructions. These
instructions, which are available from the EPA Hotline (1-800-535-0202) provide a
wealth of information, such as who must report, what to report, and how to report.
EPA also provides additional guidance on specific issues in the form of a "Question
and Answer" document (also available through the Hotline).
TRI filings of Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting Forms (Form Rs) are to
be made by all manufacturing facilities with the equivalent of ten or more full-tirne
employees that manufacture, process, or otherwise use a TRI listed toxic chemical
above the TRI reporting threshold. (See Chapter 1 and the end of this chapter for
discussions of thresholds, and Appendix A for a copy of Form R.) Facilities submit
a separate Form R for each TRI chemical processed, manufactured, or otherwise
used at the facility in excess of an applicable threshold. On average, this is between
three and four chemical forms per facility. The Form R contains information
specific to each chemical on total on-site releases to air, land, surface water and
underground injection; transfers to publicly owned treatment plants (POTWs), and
other off-site transfers. In addition, the general type of treatment, storage or disposal
of off-site transfers is given. Each chemical form also lists Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) code information, information on waste treatment applied on-
site prior to release or transfer, the maximum amount of the chemical on-site during
the year, and the activities undertaken by the facility with respect to the chemical.
The Form R also has an optional section for reporting waste minimization informa-
tion related to the chemical.
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Using the TRI Database
Standardization Within the TRI Database
The requirement that manufacturers meeting certain requirements submit TRI data
annually using Form R is intended to provide the amalgamated TRI data with
structure and consistency. While this effort has been largely successful, permitting
analyses such as this National Report and the many other TRI reports (such as those
discussed in Chapter 7), issues and inconsistencies will invariably arise whenever
mere are more than 20,000 widely different facilities reporting their diverse
operations on more than 81,000 forms.
Because computers can only retrieve data in exactly the format requested, each year
EPA has expanded its efforts to standardize certain data fields that facilities may
report differently. For example, county names have been spelled consistently by
EPA at the time of data entry. Because the parish of Saint James the Baptist in
Louisiana may be reported as St. James or St. James Parish or St. James the Baptist,
the computer would not recognize them as the same county. EPA enters this county
name as Saint James the Baptist for all facilities in this area so that they can all be
identified as being within the same county. EPA strives to attain this consistency in
all applicable fields. Other examples of standardization are given below.
Facility Identification Information
EPA generates a TRI facility identification number when entering data submitted by
a facility that is reporting under TRI for the first time. The same facility ID number
is used for all Form Rs from the facility, and remains the same from one year to the
next. The facility ID number does not change if the facility changes ownership or
operatorship.1 The facility ID number identifies a facility at a certain location and
does not change unless the facility moves. In this way, past reports from a facility are
linked to the facility's current reports, allowing easy retrieval of cross-year data.
Without such a facility identification number, the computer would have no reliable
way to link the data related to the releases and transfers from the same physical
location for different years, because the name of the facility might change or other
information, such as its street address, might be spelled or reported in a different
way.
In addition to the TRI facility identification number, facility information includes:
the facility name, address, parent company (including the parent company's Dun
and Bradstreet number), latitude/longitude; EPA identification numbers such as
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) numbers, NPDES (National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) permit numbers for surface water dis-
charges, and Underground Injection permit numbers; and the facility's Dun and
Bradstreet number. These numbers are included as supplied by the facility, not
derived from other EPA databases. Facility information also includes the names and
telephone numbers of the technical and public contact persons for the TRI submis-
sion.2 Facilities also indicate whether the form contains information covering
activities at the entire facility or part of the facility. (See below for discussion of
partial reports.)
EPA works to standardize
data fields which may be
reported differently.
The TRI facility ID number
facilitates consistent cross-
year analysis.
Many TRI facilities submit
various identification
numbers to TRI.
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Chapters
Under the authority of the Clean Water Act, EPA or the state issues NPDES permits
to individual facilities to control discharges of chemicals to surface waters. NPDES
permits limit over 1,500 types of pollutants, a subset of which (126 chemicals) have
been designated as priority pollutants. Ninety-four of the specifically listed TRI
chemicals are also priority pollutants. Out of a total of 2,352 TRI facilities reporting
surface water discharges, 92 percent reported an NPDES number to TRI. These
facilities accounted for 99 percent of all TRI discharges to surface waters in 1989.
However, the permit numbers given by 9 percent of these facilities may not be
correct, because they did not conform to the usual format for NPDES permit
numbers.
RCRA identification numbers are obtained by certain facilities which treat, store, or
dispose of certain wastes on site or transfer those wastes to off-site treatment, storage
or disposal facilities. While RCRA wastes do not, for the most part, designate
specific chemicals, referring instead to process-related descriptions such as spent
solvents or process still-bottoms, they do encompass TRI chemicals. In 1989, a total
of 82 percent of TRI facilities with on-site land releases reported one or more RCRA
identification numbers in 1989 (77 percent reported the numbers in a valid format).
The facilities listing one or more RCRA numbers accounted for 98 percent of the
amounts of all TRI on-site land releases. Of all the TRI facilities reporting off-site
transfers, 96 percent reported a RCRA number (92 percent reported in a valid
format). These facilities accounted for 98 percent of all TRI off-site transfers in
1989.
Underground Injection Well Code (UIC) identification numbers are assigned by
EPA or by states under the authority of the Safe Drinking Water Act to facilities
injecting wastes which contain toxic chemicals into Class 1 deep wells. Facilities are
only required to provide the UIC number for wells that receive the toxic chemical
being reported.
Although facilities report the name of their parent company, the particular form of
the name reported may vary from facility to facility for the same parent company.
For example, the Du Pont chemical company has 88 facilities reporting to TRI.
However, to find these facilities based on the parent company name, it is necessary
to search for the name in various spellings, including variations on Du Pont and E.I.
du Pont de Nemours, in order to find all of them. In addition, while a facility may not
have completed the parent company designation, its own name may identify its
parent company; for example, GMC, Delco Division is a General Motors Corpora-
tion facility. Facilities may also have reported parent companies at different levels,
even when they should have reported the ultimate U.S. parent company.
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Using the TRI Database
Geographic Information
The TRI database contains information regarding the specific location of a facility:
its street address, city, county, state, and zip code, as well as the latitude and
longitude of the facility site. A street address is intended to furnish the facility
location, but sometimes a post office box number is submitted instead, and this can
differ from one reporting year to the next. Zip codes also may change as new ones
are created by the Post Office.
The latitude and longitude, however, should not change unless a facility submits
more precise information in a subsequent year. Latitude and longitude entries are
standardized to the correct format by EPA when they are entered in the database.
Also, because not all TRI submitters know the latitude and longitude of their
facilities, the database provides every facility (except those in Puerto Rico) a second
"assigned" latitude and longitude, which is calculated based on the facility's zip
code. Thus, all facilities in one zip code have the same "assigned" latitudes and
longitudes.
Much of the TRI facility address data can change from year to year, depending on
how the facility reports the data. For example, the following TRI facility reported in
1987 as:
TRI facility location data may
vary from year to year...
Diversitech General
Yorkville Road
Columbus, MS 39702
Parent Company: Gencorp, Inc.
and in 1988 as:
Gencorp Polymer Products Parent Company: Gencorp Inc.
Yorkville Rd.
Columbus, MS 39703
and in 1989 as:
Gencorp Polymer Products
133 YorkvilleRd. East
Columbus, MS 39703
Parent Company: Gencorp Inc.
Although this is the same facility, the name as it would appear in the database
changed from Diversitech General to Gencorp Polymer Products and the address
changed from a description of a location to a numbered address, also marking a
change in zip code.
... but the TRI facility ID
number allows consistent
identification of facilities
despite these variations in
name and address.
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The county designation may
be used to search TRI
facilities...
...although some cities are
not assigned to a county.
In the TRI database this facility is identified by the same facility ID number each
year, and in this way can be traced from year to year despite changes of name and
address. In some cases, the differences in name or address between years may be so
great that it is not possible for EPA to recognize that they are associated with the
same facility unless the TRI facility identification number is referenced.
While zip codes do occasionally change, this still is probably the most reliable
indicator for finding all the TRI facilities within a particular geographic area.
For larger geographic areas the county designation can be used. There are over 3,000
counties in the United States. For the most part, the TRI database has standardized
the spelling of county names so that all TRI facilities within a county can be
identified. When using counties as the basis for searching for facilities, however, it
should be kept in mind that some states do not have all areas assigned to a county,
but instead designate cities independently. Thus, the city of Baltimore is assigned
neither to Baltimore County nor to Anne Arundel County, but has the separate
designation of Baltimore City. Likewise, the city of Saint Louis, in Missouri, is an
independent city and is not counted as part of Saint Louis County. Saint Louis
County includes towns and cities to the north, west and south of the city, which is
bordered on the east by the Mississippi River, but does not include the city itself.
With 95 counties and an additional 38 independent cities, Virginia has the largest
number of independent cities. The effect of these independent cities upon the
quantification of releases and transfers of TRI chemicals in a particular geographic
area can be seen by taking the southeast corner of Virginia, which is at the mouth of
the James River and borders on North Carolina, with the Atlantic Ocean to the east.
This area is made up of seven independent cities: Newport News, Norfolk, Hamp-
ton, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach, and Chesapeake. If these cities were to be
included in one geographic area, the total releases and transfers from their TRI
facilities would come to 5.3 million pounds, making this area rank seventh in the
state behind other counties and independent cities. When these cities are each
ranked separately against the other counties and independent cities in Virginia, top-
ranked Norfolk (with 2.2 million pounds reported) moves to 13th in the state, with
the six other cities having lower ranks.
In all, there were 2,040 counties and independent cities with TRI facilities reporting
for the year 1989. The TRI database contains the FIPS (Federal Information
Processing Standard) code corresponding to the county/independent city for each
facility, which is a unique number established by the U.S. Department of Commerce
for every county and independent city in the United States. It is used by many
computer mapping programs, as well as in other governmental databases, for
identification purposes.
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Using the TRI Database
Industry Information
By reporting a SIC code, the TRI facility indicates the type of industrial setting in
which a particular TRI chemical may be manufactured, processed or otherwise used.
The TRI reporting requirements apply to all facilities which carry out operations of
the type described by the SIC codes for manufacturing establishments, codes 20
through 39. SIC codes have four digits. The first two digits indicate the major
industry category, such as Chemical and Allied Products, while the last two digits
specify the type of industry within the overall major industry category. For example,
industrial organic chemicals (2869), plastics materials and synthetic resins (2821),
and synthetic rubber (2822) all fall within the Chemicals and Allied Products
industry (28). Or, rubber and plastics hose and belting (3052), plastic pipe (3084),
and fabricated rubber products (3069) are included within the Rubber and Miscella-
neous Plastics Products industry (30).3 Appendix C outlines the Standard Industrial
Classification system.
TRI requires reports by "facilities," which are defined as "all buildings, equipment,
structures, and other stationary items which are located on a single site or on
contiguous or adjacent sites and which are owned or operated by the same person."
However, the SIC code system defines business "establishments" as "distinct and
separate economic activities [that] are performed at a single physical location".4
Thus, a facility may have one or more establishments. EPA requires such multi-
establishment facilities, wherein one or more of the establishments are non-
manufacturers, to determine whether the overall facility is a "manufacturing"
facility. This determination is based on the value of products shipped and/or
produced by the manufacturing establishments in the facility. If a multi-establish-
ment facility is determined to be a "manufacturing" facility, then all establishments
at the facility, even non-manufacturing establishments, are subject to TRI.
A TRI facility must report all releases and transfers of a listed chemical if it exceeds
a reporting threshold for that chemical. Thresholds must be based on all activities for
a chemical at the entire facility. Once a threshold for a chemical is exceeded,
however, EPA allows the facility to report in one of two ways. The facility may file
one Form R for the chemical for the entire facility, or the facility may submit
separate (also called "partial") forms for each establishment (or group of establish-
ments) that have activities involving the chemical. EPA allows multiple partial
submissions to be filed for a single chemical as long as all releases and transfers of
the chemical from the entire facility are reported. "Partial" does not mean that only
part of the facility's releases and transfers of the chemical are ultimately reported to
TRI, but that part is reported on one form and part on another. All releases and
transfers of the chemical by the facility must be reported in some way to TRI. In
1989,660 TRI facilities (3 percent of all TRI facilities reporting in 1989) reported
data that covered part of the facility operations on 3,433 TRI forms. These forms
reported 232.2 million pounds of releases and transfers, representing 4 percent of the
database total.
Facilities report SIC codes
describing their manufactur-
ing activities.
TRI facilities may have more
than one establishment.
Facilities may file multiple
partial facility reports for a
TRI chemical.
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Chapters
Facilities with multiple 4-
dtglt SIC codes reported
higher average releases and
transfers than did facilities
reporting only one 4-dIgIt
SIC code.
Most facilities were
associated with a single 2-
dlglt SIC code.
A facility that submits one form for a chemical for the entire facility is required to
include all facility SIC codes that fall within the range of 20 through 39. Facilities
that submit partial forms, however, only report the manufacturing SIC codes related
to the establishment (or group of establishments) to which the partial form pertains.
It is possible, therefore, that a partial form could be filed that lists no SIC codes,
since the establishment (or group of establishments) to which the form relates maiy
all be non-manufacturers. (Note that only SIC codes 20-39 are required to be
submitted.)
When looking at the TRI data, it may not be possible to discern whether the data are
a result of activities undertaken solely by manufacturing establishments, if the data
are in combination with other non-manufacturing operations, or whether the data
result solely from non-manufacturing establishments. This is so because only SIC
codes 20 through 39 are required to be reported to TRI, even if other activities are
also covered in the reporting.
In 1989,83 percent of all TRI facilities reported a single four-digit code in the range
20 through 39. Some of these forms may have indicated other SIC codes outside the
20 through 39 range but, for the purposes of this report, they are classified according
to the one SIC code given in the range 20-39. (See below for a discussion of those
forms and facilities not reporting any SIC code in the range 20 through 39.)
While 76 percent of all TRI forms submitted to TRI in 1989 reported a single four-
digit SIC code in 20-39, only 60 percent of total TRI releases and transfers were
accounted for by those forms. This difference indicates that facilities reporting
manufacturing operations with multiple four-digit SIC codes in the range 20-39
reported larger average TRI releases and transfers in 1989 than did facilities
reporting only one four-digit SIC code. For the purposes of this report, only SIC
codes in the range 20-39 are used to classify a form or facility. (See Table 8-1.)
In addition, while a facility may have several operations that fall under different
four-digit SIC codes, 94 percent of the TRI facilities, and a corresponding 92 percent
of total TRI releases and transfers, were associated with operations that fell under
only one two-digit SIC code industry category per facility. That is, only 1,448
facilities, with 437.3 million pounds of releases and transfers, reported multiple
four-digit SIC codes that fell into more than one two-digit SIC code category. (See
Chapter 3 for further information on four-digit SIC codes.)
The combination of two-digit SIC codes most often reported was SIC 32 (Stone/
Clay/Glass) and SIC 33 (Primary Metals). Facilities reporting on the use of TRI
chemicals in both the Stone/Clay/Glass industry and the Primary Metals industry on
the same site reported a total of 59.0 million pounds, or 13.5 percent of the releases
and transfers of the entire Multiple SIC Codes category. While the Stone/Clay/Glass
industry was only ranked 14th for total releases and transfers for forms reporting a
single two-digit category (see Chapter 3), a higher release and transfer of TRI
chemicals by this industry was accounted for at facilities with complex manufactur-
ing operations involving more than one major industrial category.
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Using the TRI Database
The second-largest combination of two-digit SIC codes in 1989 involved facilities
producing both chemicals (SIC 28) and rubber or plastics products (SIC 30); these
facilities reported 38.6 million pounds or 9 percent of the total Multiple SIC Codes
category. (See Table 8-2.)
Table 8-1. Summary of SIC Code Reporting by TRI Facilities, 1989.
SIC CODE REPORTING BY
INDIVIDUAL FACILITY/FORM
FACILITIES FORMS
Number Percent Number Percent
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
A Single 4-digit SIC code
Multiple 4-digit SIC codes within
a Single 2-digit SIC code
Multiple 4-digit SIC codes
and multiple 2-digit SIC codes
18,731 82.99 62,465 76.28 3,434,675,804 60.20
2,390 10.59 13,604 16.61 1,833,716,301 32.14
1,448 6.42 5,822 7.11 437,278,275 7.66
TOTAL
22,569 100.00 81,891 100.00 5,705,670,380 100.00
Table 8-2. The Combination of SIC Codes Most Often Reported on TRI Multiple SIC Code Forms, 1989.
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
SIC
CODES
3233
2830
2829
2627
2628
2833
3334
2838
3437
3436
INDUSTRIES FORMS REPORTING
Number Percent
Stone/Clay & Primary Metals
Chemicals & Plastics
Chemicals & Petroleum
Paper & Printing
Paper & Chemicals
Chemicals & Primary Metals
Primary & Fabricated Metals
Chemicals & Measure./Photo
Fabricated Metals & Transportation
Fabricated Metals & Electrical
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR MULTIPLE SIC CODES
91
410
396
92
84
131
620
58
261
326
2469
5822
1.56
7.04
6.80
1.58
1.44
2.25
10.65
1.00
4.48
5.60
42.41
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
59,005,482
38^58,388
32,973,369
32,347,952
26,438,837
23,871300
14,931,596
13,050,859
12,472,066
12,447,236
266,097,085
437,278,275
13.49
8.82
7.54
7.40
6.05
5.46
3.41
2.98
2.85
2.85
60.85
100.00
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Chapters
TRI facilities may change
their SIC codes from year to
year.
Some non-manufacturing
facilities reported to TRI.
The Form R instructions do not require that the SIC code covering the majority of
the operations at the facility be listed first or highlighted in any manner. Instead, 46
percent of the facilities reporting more than one SIC code in 1989 (2,664 out of 5,822
forms) listed the SIC codes in numerical order. Therefore, the SIC code listed first
by a facility cannot be assumed to be the major SIC code for the facility, or to
describe the role of that SIC code in the releases and transfers associated with the
facility's overall manufacturing processes. If only the facility's first listed SIC code
were assigned to the facility as its major industry, the industry categories such as
Food (SIC 20), Tobacco (SIC 21), and Textiles (SIC 22) would be misrepresented in
the database. For example, while SIC code 23 (Textiles) appears as a multiple SIC
code most often with SIC code 30 (Plastics), if only the first listed SIC code were
assigned to each facility about half of the releases and transfers for these forms
would be counted in the Textiles industry (because its SIC code comes in numerical
order before that of the Plastics industry). However, the Plastics industry reported
more than four times the amount of releases and transfers reported by the Textiles
industry in 1989. In order to avoid misrepresenting any industry, the facilities and
forms with multiple SIC codes are kept as a separate category in this report.
TRI facilities may also change operations from year to year, resulting in a change of
SIC code. While 96 percent of all TRI facilities reporting in both 1988 and 1989 did
report the same two-digit code, there were 777 facilities that reported changes. An
example of such a change is the Rayovac Corporation in Covington, Tennessee,
which reported under SIC code 3313 (Electrometallurgical products) in 1987 and
1988, but under SIC code 2819 (Industrial inorganic chemicals) in 1989, The
Flextronics Corporation in Great Falls, South Carolina reported as a facility manu-
facturing electronic components and accessories (SIC 3670) in 1987 and 1988, but
reported as a manufacturer of computer peripheral equipment (SIC 3577) in 1989.
While TRI requires reports only from manufacturing facilities (facilities with SIC
codes 20 through 39), there were 248 facilities reporting in 1989 which fell outside
these industry groups or did not report a SIC code. For example, there were 29
facilities in the Nondurable Wholesale Trade industry (SIC 51), 21 TRI facilities
providing business services (SIC 73), and 16 facilities in the Durable Wholesale
Trade industry (SIC 50) that reported their activities involving TRI chemicals. In
some cases this may have been a misunderstanding of the reporting requirements; in
others it may represent a voluntary reporting of releases and transfers of TRI
chemicals.
Chemical Information
Chemicals are identified in the TRI database in one of four different ways: as
individual chemicals, as chemical categories (such as nickel compounds), as
mixtures/trade name products, and as trade secrets. The name of each TRI chemical
and chemical category has been standardized in the database. Therefore, by refer-
encing the chemical names in this report (a full list is contained in Appendix B) it is
possible to obtain all information on the individual TRI chemicals and chemical
categories.
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Using the TRI Database
For the individual TRI chemicals, there is a data field containing a unique identify-
ing number, assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) and called a CAS
registry number. In this way, if a synonym for the chemical is known but not found
in the TRI database because TRI uses a different name, a search based on the CAS
number will produce the desired information. For example, the chemical name
"methylene chloride" is not found in the TRI database. Instead, it is listed as
dichloromethane. These two names are synonyms for the same chemical, which has
a CAS number of 75-09-2.
Because groups of chemicals are not assigned one overall CAS number, none exist
for the chemical categories. However, their spelling is standardized so that retrievals
for zinc compounds, for example, will obtain all the information for this category.
The names given for mixtures/trade name products are not standardized but may
indicate the TRI chemical which prompted the reports. For trade secrets, a generic
name not specific enough to identify the TRI chemical is submitted. Forms
submitted for mixtures/trade name products and trade secrets can be spotted as such
due to their lack of a CAS number and because they are not filed as one of the 20
categories.
A number of chemicals on the TRI list are followed by a qualifier. For these
chemicals, only the form denoted by the qualifier is included in both threshold and
release/transfer calculations. For example, the listing for phosphorous is qualified
by the term "yellow or white." This means that only manufacturing, processing, or
otherwise use of phosphorous in the yellow or white chemical form requires
reporting. Conversely, manufacturing, processing, or otherwise use of "black" or
"red" phosphorous does not require reporting. Other qualifiers include the follow-
ing:
• Fume or Dust - Three of the metals on the list (aluminum, vanadium, and zinc)
contain the qualifier "fume or dust." Only fumes and dusts of these metals are to
be counted towards thresholds and, if a threshold is met, only release and transfers
of fumes and dust are to be reported to TRI. "Fume or Dust" does not refer to "wet"
forms (solutions or slurries, for example) but only to dry forms of these metals.
• Manufacturing Qualifiers - Two of the entries to the TRI chemical list contain a
qualifier relating to manufacture. For isopropyl alcohol, the qualifier is "manufac-
turing - strong acid process." For saccharin, the qualifier simply is "manufactur-
ing." In the case of isopropyl alcohol, the qualifier means that only facilities
which manufacture isopropyl alcohol by the strong acid process are required to
report. In the case of saccharin, only manufacturers of the chemical are subject to
the reporting requirements (a facility that buys saccharin to incorporate into a food
product, for example, would not have to count it in threshold or release/transfer
calculations).
Individual chemicals are
standardized by CAS
numbers.
Chemical qualifiers denote
the specific form of a TRI
chemical that must be
reported.
351
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Facilities calculate the
reporting thresholds for
manufacturing, processing,
and otherwise using a TRI
chemical separately-
Certain exemptions apply to
facilities with activities
Involving a TRI chemical.
• Solutions - Two substances on the list, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate,
are qualified by the term "solution," which refers to the physical state of these
chemicals. Solid, molten, and palletized forms of these chemicals are exempt
from threshold and release determinations. Only facilities that manufacture,
process, or otherwise use these chemicals in the form of a solution are required to
report.
• Friable - The listing for asbestos is qualified by the term "friable," referring to the
physical characteristic of being able to be crumbled, pulverized, or reducible to a
powder with hand pressure.
• Fibrous Forms - The listing for aluminum oxide is qualified by the term "fibrous
forms." Fibrous refers to a man-made form of aluminum oxide that is processed
to produce strands or filaments which can be cut to various lengths, depending on
the application.
Threshold Determinations
As noted throughout this report, the thresholds for reporting have changed over the
years for the manufacturing and processing of a TRI chemical, while the threshold
has remained the same for otherwise using the chemical. A facility must report all
releases and transfers of a chemical if it exceeds any one or more of these three
thresholds.
To determine whether it has exceeded a reporting threshold, a facility compares
quantities of listed chemicals that it manufactures, processes, or otherwise uses to
the separate respective thresholds. For example, a facility manufactures toluene for
direct sale to customers. The facility also buys toluene, repackages it, and distributes
it to customers. The amount of toluene manufactured is applied towards a manufac-
turing threshold for toluene and the amount repackaged is applied towards a
processing threshold for toluene. If either threshold for toluene is exceeded, alii
releases and transfers of toluene must be reported, regardless of whether they are
associated with manufacturing or processing activities.
Facilities are not required to include certain uses of listed toxic chemicals in their
threshold and release/transfer calculations. These exemptions include:
• use as a structural component of the facility;
• use in routine janitorial or facility grounds maintenance;
• personal uses by employees or other persons;
• use of products containing toxic chemicals for the purpose of maintaining motor
vehicles operated by the facility; and,
• use of toxic chemicals contained in intake water (used for processing or non-
contact cooling) or intake air (used either as compressed air or for combustion).
552
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Using the TRI Database
In addition, EPA allows exemptions for certain activities carried out in laboratories
as well as for processing or using (as opposed to manufacturing) articles containing
toxic chemicals. There is also a "de minimis" exemption, which allows facilities to
discount toxic chemicals in certain mixtures in threshold and release/transfer
calculations, wherein the concentration of the toxic chemical in the mixture is below
a specified amount (0.1 percent by weight for carcinogens and 1 percent by weight
for all others). See the Form R instructions for further discussion of these exemp-
tions.
A number of chemical compound categories are subject to reporting. When deter-
mining whether a threshold has been met for a chemical compound category,
facilities are required to sum all individual members of a category that are manufac-
tured, processed, or otherwise used. (As always, threshold determinations must be
made separately for each of these three activities.) An example of this would be the
processing of three different copper compounds. The amounts of all three com-
pounds that are processed during the course of a calendar year are added towards a
single processing threshold for "copper compounds."
Chemicals that are specifically listed under TRI are not included in the chemical
compound categories; their thresholds and releases/transfers are reported separately
(metals and metal compounds present a special case; see below). For example,
because hydrogen cyanide is specifically listed, the threshold and release/transfer
calculations for this compound are made separately from the chemical category
"cyanide compounds."
The metal compound categories present a special case. Some metal compounds may
contain more than one listed metal. For example, lead chromate is both a lead
compound and a chromium compound. In such cases, the facility would apply the
total weight of the lead chromate to the threshold determinations for both lead
compounds and chromium compounds. If an applicable threshold is exceeded, EPA
requires the facility to file two separate reports, one for "lead compounds" and one
for "chromium compounds," and only the amount of each parent metal released or
transferred (not the total amount of the compound) would be reported on the
appropriate Form R. (See below for an explanation of reporting releases and
transfers of metals compounds.)
Activities and Uses On Site
TRI facilities are required to report all activities and uses that apply to a chemical at
the facility: manufacture (including importation or production for on-site use/
processing, for sale/distribution, as a by-product, or as an impurity); process (as a
reactant, as a formulation component, as an article component, or for repackaging
only); and otherwise use (as a chemical processing aid, as a manufacturing aid, or for
ancillary or other uses such as use as a solvent or lubricant). For example, a chemical
manufacturing facility that simply makes a chemical for sale to a user would
Metal compounds may
contain more than one TRI
metal, requiring separate
Form Rs.
On the Form R, facilities
classify their activities
involving TRI chemicals as
manufacture, process and/
or otherwise use.
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Facilities reporting solely
the manufacture, process, or
otherwise use of TRI
chemicals accounted for
24%, 12% and 27%, respec-
tive!/, of 1989 total TRI
releases and transfers.
indicate that it produces the chemical for sale/distribution. However, if the same
facility also used the chemical to lubricate facility production equipment, it would
also indicate such other use on the Form R.
Facilities that reported manufacturing as their sole activity for a chemical comprised
fewer than 1 percent of all TRI facilities. However, the total releases and transfers
associated with only manufacturing activities were a much higher percentage, 24
percent (1.4 billion pounds) of the total releases and transfers reported in 1989. TRI
facilities that reported only processing activities involving TRI chemicals repre-
sented 23 percent of all TRI facilities reporting in 1989. The total releases and
transfers of TRI chemicals generated during processing-only activities were lower,
on average, than those for manufacturing-only activities, representing 12 percent of
the total releases and transfers (668.4 million pounds). Likewise, TRI facilities
reporting only other uses of TRI chemicals in their operations accounted for 1.5
billion pounds, or 27 percent, of total releases and transfers for 1989. The facilities
reporting only other uses represented 35 percent of all facilities reporting in 1989.
The other 41 percent of TRI facilities reported a combination of activities associated
with TRI chemicals. The total releases and transfers of TRI chemicals from facilities
using the chemicals in a combination of ways was 2.1 billion pounds, or 37 percent
of the TRI total for 1989. (See Figure 8-1.)
Manufacture
Process
Forms
Other Use Combined Uses
Hi] Releases & Transfers
Figure 8-1. Industrial Activities and Uses, 1989. (TRI Forms and Total Releases and Transfers)
354
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Using the TRI Database
Reporting of Releases and Transfers
When reporting a release or transfer amount, a range may be indicated on the form
if the amount of release or transfer to a particular environmental medium or off-site
location is less than 1,000 pounds. The reporting ranges for 1989 were 0,1 to 499
pounds, or 500 to 999 pounds. Throughout this report, the range 1 to 499 was
assigned a value of 250 pounds, and if the range indicated on the form was 500 to
999, the value of 750 pounds was used. Users searching the public TRI database on
the National Library of Medicine computer may find a range code listed for this
value, as opposed to the system used in this report.
Facilities are required to report an estimate of the pounds of releases and transfers
that occurred during the reporting year. If the chemical could not possibly have been
released to a particular medium or transferred off-site, however, the facility would
report NA (not applicable) for that type of release or transfer. For example, a facility
with no underground injection well would mark "NA" for underground injection of
the chemical being reported on the Form R.
On the other hand, if a release could occur to a specific medium or a transfer occur
to an off-site location, but either no release or transfer occurred or the annual
aggregate release or transfer was less than 0.5 pounds, the facility would indicate
that "zero" releases or transfers occurred. Indicating a "zero" release or transfer
implies that the chemical could have been released to a particular medium or sent to
a particular off-site location but, in fact, was not. A "zero" release or transfer also
implies that some non-zero amount less than 0.5 pounds may have been released or
transferred. EPA allows rounding of estimates that are less than 1.5 pounds down to
zero.
For example, a facility may have a toxic chemical-containing wastestream that is
released to the air by way of a smoke stack. However, prior to venting the
wastestream out the stack, all of the toxic chemical is removed by a scrubber. Since
the material released to air could contain the toxic chemical but, in actuality, did not,
the facility would indicate "zero" for this release.
For any release or transfer type that did not have a positive number or a range code
indicating greater than zero releases, the analyses in this report have used zero in
order that numerical totals could be calculated (in order to find average amounts for
a particular chemical and type of release, for example). In some cases both a range
code and an actual estimate of the pounds were indicated. For this report all
estimates of pounds were used and only if no estimate was given were the range
codes used.
On the Form R, air emissions are separately reported as fugitive air emissions (for
example, leaks from valves and evaporative losses from surface impoundments or
spills) and as stack or point source air emissions (including emissions from stacks,
vents, air pollution control equipment and other confined air streams). On-site land
releases fall into one or more of four categories—landfills, land treatmenJ/applica-
Facilities can report releases
and transfers in ranges if the
total per chemical is less
than 1,000 pounds.
Facilities must indicate
whether or not a certain
type of release or transfer is
applicable to their activities
involving the TRI chemical.
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Chapters
Facilities employ a variety of
possible methods to
estimate TRI releases and
transfers.
After a facility meets the
threshold for a metal
compound, only the pounds
of the parent metal must be
reported to TRI.
tion farming, surface impoundments, and other land disposal. The "other disposal"
category would include spills or leaks to land as well as other types of disposal to
land that cannot be classified in one of the other three categories. While the Form R
indicates the amount for each of the above noted air and land release categories,
these amounts were added together for purposes of this report, unless otherwise
noted (for example, "releases to air" and "total air emissions" include both fugitive
and stack or point source emissions).
In addition to on-site releases to air and land, Form Rs also indicate the amount of
on-site releases to underground injection wells as well as to receiving streams and
water bodies. The two categories of transfers found on the Form R cover transfers to
publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and transfers to other off-site locations
for treatment, storage, or disposal. If more than one off-site location is used, separate
amounts are reported for each location and the name and address of each site is
given.
Facilities may use monitoring data, mass balance calculations, emission factors, and
other methods such as engineering calculations or best engineering judgment to
estimate releases and transfers. In some instances a combination of two or more of
these methods is appropriate for determination of a release or transfer estimate.
Whatever the method (or combination of methods) chosen for a particular release or
transfer estimate, facilities are required to indicate the principal method used to
determine the amount of release or transfer reported. The principal method utilized
is reported on the Form R with the following codes:
• M - Estimate based on monitoring data or measurements;
• C - Estimate based on mass balance calculations;
• E - Estimate based on published emission factors;
• O - Estimate based on other approaches such as engineering calculations or best
engineering judgment.
See Chapter 3 for information about how TRI facilities estimated their releases and
transfers in 1989.
Releases and Transfers of Metals and Metal Compound
Categories
When performing threshold determinations for a metal compound category, facili-
ties are required to include the entire weight of the metal compounds manufactured,
processed, or otherwise used. However, once a threshold is met, only the pounds of
the parent metal released and transferred are to be reported to TRI. If a facility
processed copper sulfate, for example, it would count the entire weight of the copper
portion and the sulfate portion towards a processing threshold for copper com-
pounds. If the facility met a threshold for copper compounds, however, it would only
report the pounds of copper (and not sulfate) that were released and transferred.
356
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Using the TRI Database
Since the parent metals for each of the metal compound categories are listed
separately (for example, there is a specific listing for lead), their thresholds must be
calculated separately from their respective categories. However, if a facility exceeds
thresholds for both the parent metal and compounds of that same metal, EPA allows
the facility to file one combined report since, in any event, only the pounds of parent
metal are to be reported. For example, a facility exceeds a threshold for elemental
chromium and for chromium compounds. The facility may submit a form for
"chromium" and a form for "chromium compounds" or it may submit a single form
covering releases and transfers for both. Such a combined form would indicate the
chemical being reported as "chromium compounds". Thus, when a facility files a
Form R indicating a metal compound category, it is not possible to tell whether the
report combined or not. This type of reporting can affect year-to-year comparison of
these metals. If in one year a facility reported copper separately from copper
compounds, but in another year combined them in a single copper compound report,
it might appear that releases and transfers of copper had decreased while releases
and transfers of copper compounds had increased.
Site Names and Geographic Data for Off-site Transfers
Off-site transfers of TRI chemicals in wastes, including transfers to POTWs, can be
sent to one or to several locations. For example, a facility may send certain
wastestreams to an incinerator and other wastestreams from different operations to
a landfill, even if both wastestreams contain the same TRI chemical. In such cases,
the transfers are reported in separate amounts, each covering the different off-site
location, even though they are included on the same Form R because the TRI
chemical in the various wastestreams is the same.
Data on off site transfer locations include the site names to which chemicals are sent,
addresses and RCRA identification numbers (when applicable) as well as the type of
treatment, storage, or disposal that occurs to the chemicals at the off-site locations.
No specific data on treatment efficiency or subsequent releases from the off-site
locations are included in the TRI database, however.
The way that off-site information is reported by facilities is quite variable. For
example, TRI chemical wastes are sometimes sent to sites in Canada, particularly
from facilities located in Michigan near the Canadian border. In this case the facility
usually leaves the state code blank, but sometimes it is submitted as CA, which
indicates mistakenly that the transfer was sent to California. Another example is in
the spelling of the name of the off-site location as reported by the facility. The
Browning Ferris Industries company runs many landfills throughout the country that
receive TRI chemical wastes. To find these, it is necessary to search for Browning
Ferris, Browning-Ferris, Browning/Ferris, BFI, B.F.I., BFI Landfill, BFI Waste
Systems, as well as other variations of the name.
The TRI database also
contains information on the
destination of off-site
transfers.
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Chapters
The Mississippi River
received almost 1/3 of all TRI
surface water discharges in
19B9.
Rivers, Lakes and Streams Receiving Surface Water
Discharges
The TRI database contains the names of the rivers, lakes, and streams receiving
surface water discharges. The Mississippi River, which is the longest river in the
United States (over 2,300 miles long), received the greatest amount of direct surface
water discharges: 61.3 million pounds, accounting for 32.5 percent of all TRI
surface water discharges in 1989. (See Table 8-3.) To find TRI discharges of a more
local nature it is necessary to combine different search techniques for the TRI
database.
Table 8-3. Rivers with the Largest Surface Water Discharges, 1989.
RANK RIVER/STATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mississippi River
Louisiana
Illinois
Minnesota
Missouri
Arkansas
Mississippi
Iowa
Kentucky
Tennessee
Pacific Ocean
California
Oregon
Hawaii
James River, Virginia
Grays Harbor, Washington
Quachita River, Arkansas
Tennessee River
Alabama
Tennessee
Kentucky
Amelia River, Florida
Strait of Juan de Fuca
Washington
Ohio River
Ohio
West Virginia
Indiana
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Kentucky
Savannah River
Georgia
South Carolina
SUBTOTAL FOR TOP 10 RIVERS
GRAND TOTAL FOR ALL TRI
SURFACE WATER DISCHARGES
SURFACE WATER DISCHARGES
Pounds Percent
61,331,169
41,810,440
15,340,467
1,267,056
1,056,674
765,453
732,532
356,667
1,380
500
9,679,296
9,562,795
107,001
9,500
9,423,187
8,993,650
7,834,700
6,855,217
4,644,271
1,755,854
455,092
5,890,140
5,521,831
4,776,200
2,763,895
989,274
328,700
324,650
231,400
138,281
4,586,269
4,586,260
9
124,891,659
188,953,884
32.46
22.13
8.12
0.67
0.56
0.41
0.39
0.19
0.00
0.00
5.12
5.06
0.06
0.01
4.99
4.76
4.15
3.63
2.46
0.93
0.24
3.12
2.92
2.53
1.46
0.52
0.17
0.17
0.12
0.07
2.43
2.43
0.00
66.10
100.00
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Using the TRI Database
For long rivers that go through several states, only the name of the river is given in
this TRI data field for stream name, while the state name is found in a separate field
associated with the facility address. Thus, if all forms with surface water discharges
to the Tennessee River were retrieved, discharges from the states of Tennessee as
well as Alabama and Kentucky would be included. These forms all represent
discharges at some point along the river's 650 mile run from the Smokey Mountains
in Tennessee, through northern Alabama, and back into Tennessee before reaching
the Mississippi River at Paducah, Kentucky.
The stream name is usually reported as a full name, such as "Tennessee River".
Sometimes, however, it is abbreviated to "Tennessee" or has an additional descrip-
tion, such as "Tenn. River Mile 205.4".
On the other hand, some rivers with the same name that are found in different states
may not be part of one river system. For example, the Red River forms the southeast
border of Oklahoma with Texas and flows through Arkansas and Louisiana into the
Mississippi. Retrieving all forms with the name Red River, however, will also call
up discharges to the Red River in Minnesota and the Red River of the North in North
Dakota, which are not part of the Red River system originating in Oklahoma.
TRI surface water discharges may be made into a tributary or stream just a short
distance upstream from the main river with a different name. For example, the
Houston Ship Channel runs from downtown Houston, Texas, to the San Jacinto
River, a distance of about 25 miles. In addition, there are several streams running
into the Houston Ship Channel—called bayous—within the city of Houston, into
which TRI discharges are made. A total of 20 TRI facilities reported discharges to
the Houston Ship Channel in 1989 and an additional 11 facilities discharged into
bayous that flow into the Houston Ship Channel. If the TRI forms for the different
bayous in the area are added to those for the Houston Ship Channel, the results are
as follows:
Discharges to a single fiver
may include data from
several states.
Some rivers with the same
name may not belong to the
same river system.
Houston Ship Channel
Buffalo Bayou
Sims Bayou
Green's Bayou
White Oak Bayou
Bray Bayou
TOTAL
865,380 pounds
869,800 pounds
60,862 pounds
750 pounds
202 pounds
42 pounds
1,797,036 pounds
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Chapters
In the TRI database, the best
search criteria for surface
water discharges may be the
surrounding counties.
To ensure the retrieval of only the discharges in an area, the most efficient search
criteria may be the counties that surround the river and streams of interest. By
retrieving all forms with surface water discharges from TRI facilities in particular
counties, the names of the rivers, lakes and streams can be checked against those of
interest.
An example of this approach uses the portion of the Columbia River that runs from
Portland, Oregon, to the Pacific Ocean. The Columbia River starts in the northeast
corner of the state of Washington and runs for a total of over 1,200 miles to the
Pacific Ocean. For the last 350 miles it forms the border between the states of
Washington and Oregon. The city of Portland, Oregon, is located on the south bank
of the Columbia River about 100 miles upstream from its mouth. To investigate
surface water discharges into the Columbia from Portland downstream, TRI forms
from counties in both the state of Washington, which forms the north border of the
river, and Oregon are needed.
Starting with Multnomah County, in which Portland is located, we see that in 1989
facilities in Portland discharged 3,585 pounds of TRI chemicals into the Willamette
River, which meets the Columbia at Portland, as well as 1,211 pounds into the
Columbia River. Facilities in Clatsop County, Oregon, located on the Pacific coast,
discharged another 41,400 pounds. While the total for TRI facilities located in this
region of Oregon was 46,697 pounds, this amount was just 8 percent of the total
being discharged to surface water. The other 92 percent (553,196 pounds) was
discharged by TRI facilities located in the state of Washington. These discharges
come primarily from Cowlitz County, Washington, located downstream from
Portland and Clark County, across the river from Portland. (See Table 8-4.)
Waste Treatment On Site
A TRI facility may treat wastestreams containing TRI chemicals prior to release or
transfer. Releases and transfers reported to TRI are amounts after any on-site waste
treatment. TRI facilities must report the type(s) of waste treatment applied to each
wastestream containing the TRI chemical reported and the efficiency of their
treatment methods in removal of the TRI chemical. The on-site waste treatment data
also include an indication of what type of wastestream (air, wastewater, non-
aqueous liquid waste, or solid waste) was treated.
Unlike the release and transfer data, waste treatment data are not reported in pounds.
Rather, the data provide information on the percent efficiency of the treatment in
removing the TRI chemical from the wastestream. A total of 9,936 TRI facilities (44
percent of all TRI facilities) reported undertaking some kind of on-site waste
treatment of wastestreams containing TRI chemicals in 1989. An equal percentage
of forms (36,146 out of 81,891 forms) indicated on-site waste treatment for the
wastestreams containing the chemical. Overall, the treatment efficiencies reported
360
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Table 8-4. TRI Surface Water Discharges to the Last 100 Miles of the Columbia River, 1989.
Using the TRI Database
STATE
COUNTY
STREAM NAME
SURFACE WATER
DISCHARGES
Pounds
OREGON
Multnomah
Washington
Clatsop
Columbia
Columbia River
Columbia Slough
Willamette River
Unknown-no name given
Beaverton Creek
Columbia River
(No TRI Facilities)
SUBTOTAL FOR OREGON
WASHINGTON
Clark Columbia River
Gibbons Creek
Lake River
Cowlitz Columbia River
Consolidated Diking Improvement
District No. 1 Ditch No. 3
Wahkiakum (No TRI Facilities)
Pacific (No TRI Facilities)
SUBTOTAL FOR WASHINGTON
TOTAL FOR COLUMBIA RIVER, LAST 100 MILES
1,211
1
3,585
250
250
41,400
0
46,697
123,360
203
500
428,913
220
0
0
553,196
599,893
were 90 percent or better, meaning that an average of over 90 percent of the toxic
chemical was removed from the wastestream through destruction, biological degra-
dation, chemical conversion or physical removal.
Information on Waste Minimization
The TRI Form R includes a voluntary reporting section (Section 8) identifying waste
minimization undertaken for the chemical at the facility. (See Chapter 5 for a
complete discussion of waste minimization activities relating to chemical reporting
as well as analyses of these data.) Because reporting for this section is voluntary,
these data cannot be assumed to be representative of a particular industry or national
activity. Facilities can indicate either the amounts of the reported chemical entering
wastestreams for both the current and prior year, or can indicate the percentage
change from the previous year. Releases and transfers, as reported to TRI, are
amounts after any on-site waste treatment has taken place. The amount of the TRI
chemical entering the wastestream, as reported in this section of the TRI form, is the
amount resulting from facility operations before any on-site waste treatment or
disposal.
Waste minimization
reporting describes the
amount of the reported
chemical in wastestreams at
the facility before any
treatment or disposal
occurs...
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Chapters
... thus, the releases and
transfers reported by a
facility are usually less than
Us reported waste genera-
tion.
Because TRI is intended to cover all quantities of TRI chemicals in wastes at the
facility, the waste generation amount reported in this section should include all
quantities of the TRI chemical in wastes as generated from all operations at the
facility, even if waste minimization activity has been applied to only one wastestream.
Therefore, the amount of waste generated is usually greater than or equal to (if no
on-site waste treatment takes place) the total amount of releases and transfers
reported for that chemical by the facility. This is not always the case, however,
because (1) the releases and transfers may include other one-time amounts of waste,
such as sludge removed from a landfill or material from the clean-up of a spill, or (2)
for waste generated, the facility may have incorrectly reported only the operations
to which its waste minimization activity applied, even though it should have
reported all operations at the facility using that chemical. In cases where waste
generation reported by a facility is less than its total releases and transfers, it is not
possible to tell whether the facility incorrectly calculated its waste generation or
correctly included clean-up wastes in its releases and transfers.
Another part of the waste minimization section often containing numbers that seem
inconsistent with the rest of the data is the facility's percent change in waste
generation. This figure should be calculated as the difference between the two years
of waste generation (the current year's waste minus the previous year's waste),
divided by the prior year's waste generation and multiplied by 100, to generate a
percent. The resulting number is between 0 and 100, and is negative if the waste
generated has decreased since the prior year. Two errors arise in making this
calculation: (1) the number is not multiplied by 100, in which case the change would
appear much smaller than it is in reality, or (2) the percent change is reported as a
positive number instead of a negative one, even though waste generation has
decreased. An analysis of the 1,559 TRI forms that reported both the actual amount
of waste generated in 1988 and 1989 and the percentage change in waste generated
shows that two-thirds of these forms showed a correct percent change calculation.
However, of the total forms, 18 percent reported a correctly calculated number but
reported the number as positive (incorrectly indicating an increase in waste genera-
tion) rather than negative. Only 1 percent of the forms showed the opposite error,
reporting a negative percent change when in reality it was a positive change. (See
Table 8-5.) If the facility only reported the percent change, it is not possible to
identify these errors. Only when the facility reports its waste generation amounts can
its reported percent change in waste generation be directly confirmed.
TRI data are available to the
public In hard copy,
magnetic tape, compact
disk, computer microfiche,
and public database.
FORMS OF THE DATA AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC
The Environmental Protection Agency makes the data from TRI available to the
public in several different formats. TRI data for all three years are available on
magnetic tape and COMFiche (a form of computer-generated microfiche). A CD-
ROM (compact disks with computerized data) containing 1987,1988, and 1989 data
with search and retrieval software will be available in the fall of 1991. The CD-ROM
also includes Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets describing the health and ecological
362
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Table 8-5. Calculation of 1989 Waste Minimization Percent Change.
Using the TRI Database
TYPE OF CALCULATION ERROR
FORMS
Number Percent
Calculated correctly
Did not multiply by 100
Number correct but positive
instead of negative
Number correct but negative
instead of positive
Combination of above errors
Calculated number incorrectly
Number incorrect and positive
1,039
13
285
17
3
158
26
66.65
0.83
18.28
1.09
0.19
10.13
1.67
instead of negative
Number incorrect and negative
instead of positive
TOTAL FORMS WITH DATA TO
CALCULATE PERCENT CHANGE
18
1,559
1.15
100.00
effects of the regulated substances. All three years of data are also available as a
public database on the National Library of Medicine's Toxicology Data Network
(TOXNET). (See Table 8-6.)
Along with the TRI submissions of each state and U.S. jurisdiction, the COMFiche
includes an index that lists: chemical substance names, facility names, POTWs and
other off-site disposal locations, facility cities, counties, and zip codes, SIC codes,
and chemicals released to specific environmental media. The index also lists each
media release/transfer ranked in descending order. In all there are 12 different index
listings. The COMFiche also provides a directory of EPA and state TRI contacts, as
well as other reference material, and is available for the nation or for individual
states.
EPA has also published a directory of the over 3,000 libraries in the nation that have
TRI data available. The libraries have the information primarily on COMFiche, but
it is also on CD-ROM at about 650 libraries.
The National Library of Medicine's (NLM) system allows for on-line searches of the
TRI data as well as sorting of the numerical data with printouts of the results for a
nominal fee. The NLM system has menu-driven search capability so that new users,
or users with limited computer skills, can search for particular facilities or other data
of interest easily and efficiently. The NLM database may be accessed via modem
from a personal computer, and the data can be retrieved directly on the user's
computer or as printouts mailed to the user. Generally, the data generated from the
NLM system relates to particular facilities and chemicals, rather than summaries of
the type found in the National Report. Depending on the type of analysis required,
the magnetic tape or the floppy diskette data may be more efficient (see below).
The National Library of
Medicine provides for on-
line searches of the TRI
public database.
363
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Chapters
Table 8-6. Public Availability of TRI Data.
FORMAT OF DATA
TYPE OF DATA AVAILABLE
Yeats Covered Facility Chemical Industry Amount of Off-site Waste All data
Name & Name SIC Code(s) Releases/ Transfer Minirniz. or state
1987 1988 1989 Address Transfers Name/ Waste subsets
Address Treatment available
COMPUTER DATA
Magnetic Tapes XXX
CDROMs XXX
National Library of Medicine XXX
COMFiche (microfiche) XXX
Floppy Diskettes XXX
National Report Tables X X
OTHER
Mailing Labels XXX
Inquiries to EPA User Support XXX
Directory of Libraries
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
All
All
All
States/All
States/All
Selected
All
States/All
States/All
EPA has developed IBM and IBM-compatible software known as TOXIC DUMP,
which allows NLM users to convert screen-captured TRI data into dBase III+
compatible files. TOXIC DUMP also loads information from the EPA state diskettes
(discussed below) into dBASE. TOXIC DUMP includes preformatted reports and a
simple graphics generator to allow easy manipulation of the TRI data. It requires
dBASE III+ or compatible software and must be installed on a hard disk (L5
megabytes of free memory is required). TOXIC DUMP will be available from the
Hotline (1-800-535-0202) in the fall of 1991.
Subsets of the 1987,1988, and 1989 data for each state and reporting jurisdiction are
also available on floppy diskettes (either 5-1/4 or 3-1/2 inch). The diskettes include
the facility location, parent company, public contact information, facility chemi-
cals, facility SIC codes, and the amount of each type of TRI chemical release and
total transfers. Not included on the floppy diskettes are the name and address of of f-
site transfer sites (including public sewage transfers), the names of water bodies
receiving surface water discharges, and waste minimization and waste treatment
information. These diskettes can be ordered in either a dBASE or Lotus 1-2-3
format. The 1989 data are also available in EXCEL format.
In addition, mailing lists displaying each facility's name and address for 1987,1988,
and 1989 are available on magnetic tape. Diskettes of these mailing lists are also
available (by region) for the 1989 TRI submitters.
364
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Table 8-6, Continued.
FORMAT OF DATA
Using the TRI Database
Comments
COMPUTER DATA
Magnetic Tapes
CD ROMs
National Library of Medicine
COMFiche (microfiche)
Floppy Diskettes
National Report Tables
OTHER
Mailing Labels
Inquiries to EPA User Support
Directory of Libraries
Available from the Government Printing Office
6250 bpi or 1600 bpi ASCII format
Available from the Government Printing Office
With search and retrieval software, chemical fact sheets
For access contact the National Library of Medicine TRI representative.
Search on any data field to retrieve data
Available from the Government Printing Office.
Includes indices for searching
Available from EPA in dBase, Lotus 1-2-3, Excel
Available from EPA in Lotus 1-2-3, many tables are summaries or rankings
Available on floppy diskettes for 1989;'magnetic tape for all 3 years
Reports generated in response to inquiry
List of libraries where data are located
EPA also has established a TRI User Support telephone number (202-260-1531) that
anyone can call with a specific request for TRI data or for help obtaining or using the
data on any of the systems described above. In response to inquiries, EPA will mail
out a printed report containing the requested data. Specific requests for data on a
particular facility, for example, can be directed to the TRI User Support Staff. The
staff can also help with search strategies for the NLM database and refer the user to
information on health and environmental effects of the TRI chemicals.
It should be noted that the data as they appear on the magnetic tapes, diskettes and
the NLM system include all reports submitted to TRI for the years in question,
including those for chemicals that were subsequently delisted. Because the analyses
in this report do not include data on delisted chemicals, the information retrieved
from these other sources of TRI data may vary from that presented here.
Further Reference and Guidance Materials on TRI Data
While the above sections highlight general issues related to analysis of the TRI data,
additional information on these and other issues is provided in a variety of EPA
documents relating to TRI. In particular, each year the EPA issues reporting
instructions for the Form R, detailing which facilities and which activities must be
reported. The following is a list of some of the guidance documents that may be of
further assistance in interpreting the TRI data.
EPA has established a TRI
User Support telephone line.
365
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Chapters
• Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting Form R and Instructions (Revised
1990 Version: EPA 560/4-91-007)
• Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Questions and Answers (1990 Version: EPA
560/4-91-003)
• Common Synonyms for Section 313 Chemicals (EPA 560/4-91-005)
• The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act: Section 313
Release Reporting Requirements (December 1989: EPA 560/4-90-002)
• Estimating Releases and Waste Treatment Efficiencies for the Toxic Chemical
Release Inventory (EPA 560/4-88-002)
• Toxics Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide (July 1989: EPA 5602-89-002)
• EPCRA Section 313 Quality Assurance Audit Manual (August 1990: EPA 560/4-
90-018)
There are also a number of industry-specific guidance documents that assist
facilities within an industry (such as metal fabrication, electroplating operations,
textile dyeing) in filling out the Form R. For the 1989 reporting year there were 14
such industry-specific documents.
Information concerning these and other related documents is available through the
EPA hotline (1-800-535-0202) or the TRI User Support service (1-202-260-1531).
The Hotline can also provide callers with a bibliography of TRI-related documents.
ANALYZING TRI CHANGES
This section discusses various ways to make cross-year comparisons of TRI data. As
noted throughout the report, aggregate national data are only suggestive of possible
overall trends. The data are often more meaningful when examined at a more
detailed level, taking the conditions at particular facilities and communities into
consideration.
Such cross-year comparisons depend on correctly matching a facility's new reports
with the ones from previous years through the use of the TRI facility identification
number. This matching may not be completely successful because of the various
ways a facility may report name and location data (see above).
Chapter 4 of this report has presented the overall decrease in the amount of total TRI
releases and transfers, and the overall increase in the number of facilities reporting
to TRI, from 1988 to 1989. The net change in TRI releases and transfers is the result
of increases at some facilities and decreases at others: some increases are due to new
facilities reporting for the first time in 1989, and facilities reporting in 1987 and
366
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Using the TRI Database
1989 but not 1988; decreases are sometimes due to facilities that reported in 1988
but not in 1989. Other facilities remained constant, with no change reported in their
TRI releases and transfers between the years.
As noted above, in the TRI database each of the forms submitted by a facility is
assigned the same facility identification number in order that forms submitted by the
facility in one year may be matched with the forms the facility submits in future
years. While EPA has made every effort to link forms from the same facility across
the years in this manner, it may not always have been successful. In the case of
facilities that are not correctly matched, a decrease (that is, a facility appeared to
report in 1988 but not in 1989) will be offset by an increase (that is, some "other"
facility appeared to report in 1989 but not in 1988) in the analyses in this national
report, to the extent that the one facility reported similar releases and transfers in
both years. Because no forms are omitted from the analysis, the total decrease (or
increase) for a type of release or transfer, or for a state, industry, or chemical, would
not be affected whether or not all facility, matches were correct; matching is only a
factor in the analysis of the increases or decreases of individual facilities.
As throughout this report, only facility reports on the 1989 listed TRI chemicals are
included in the TRI analysis. (See Chapter 2, Box 2-A.) No reports of delisted
chemicals are counted for any year, and facilities which reported only on a chemical
that was subsequently delisted are not included in the analysis. Therefore, all net
TRI changes are based solely on reports of the 300 TRI chemicals and 20 chemical
categories analyzed in this report. Facilities that filed reports and indicated no
releases and transfers are still counted as reporting, because they manufacture,
process, or otherwise use the TRI chemical without generating releases or transfers.
Details of Changes from 1988 to 1989
The data show that 82 percent (18,603 out of 22,569 facilities) of all the facilities
reporting in 1989 also reported for 1988. Of these facilities reporting in both years,
13 percent (2,354 facilities) reported the same total releases and transfers in both
years. Of the remaining 87 percent, about an equal number of facilities filed reports
reflecting increases between the two years as filed reports reflecting decreases: 41
percent reported increases and 46 percent reported decreases in their TRI releases
and transfers between 1988 and 1989. (See Table 8-7.)
Table 8-7 breaks down the different categories of changes in total releases and
transfers. Together, the facilities that filed TRI reports which reflected a decrease in
their releases and transfers between 1988 and 1989 showed a 36 percent decrease of
1,405.2 million pounds. For facilities whose TRI reports showed an increase in TRI
releases and transfers between 1988 and 1989 reporting years, the net increase was
31 percent, or 715.0 million pounds. Because this total increase offset only about
half of the total decrease accounted for by the facilities with decreases, the net
change for the group of facilities reporting in both 1988 and 1989 was a decrease of
11 percent, or 690.3 million pounds.
If cross-year reports by the
same facility are not linked,
only the analysis of TRI data
for that individual facility is
affected.
Delisted chemicals are
removed from this TRI
analysis for all 3 years.
567
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Chapters
Table 8-7. Change In TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989.
FACILITIES CHANGE IN TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Number
Pounds
Percent
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
1989 1988
Pounds Pounds
Facilities Reporting in Both Years
Decrease in TRI Total
No Change in TRI Total
Increase in TRI Total
SUBTOTAL FOR FACILITIES
IN BOTH YEARS
Facilities Reporting in 1989
but not in 1988
Facilities Reporting in 1988
but not in 1989
TOTAL
8,534 -1,405,205,634
2354 0
7,715 714,955,125
18,603
3,966
2,541
25,110
-690,250,509
174,701,514
-205,265,236
-720,814,231
-36.30 2,465,453,707 3,870,659,341
0.00 24,851,234 24,851,234
30.74 3,040,663,925 2,325,708,800
-11.10 5,530,968,866 6,221,219,375
— 174,701,514 —
— — 205,265,236
-11.22 5,705,670,380 6,426,484,611
Only 127 facilities accounted
for 59% of all decreases
between 1988 and 1989
facility data.
If the facilities whose reported TRI releases and transfers showed decreases between
1988 and 1989 are looked at in further detail, the influence of a relatively small
number of individual facilities upon TRI net changes becomes apparent. Of the TRI
facilities with changes in reported releases and transfers between 1988 and 1989,
there were 127 facilities each with a decrease of over 1.5 million pounds in their total
TRI releases and transfers. These 127 facilities alone (one half of one percent of the
22,569 total facilities reporting to TRI) accounted for a total of 827.9 million pounds
of decreases, or 59 percent of all decreases in facility releases and transfers between
1988 and 1989. A smaller number (82 facilities) of facilities showed increases of
over 1.5 million pounds of TRI releases and transfers. These 82 facilities accounted
for 321.5 million pounds of increases, or 45 percent of all increases in facility
amounts reported to TRI between 1988 and 1989.
Increases in TRI releases and transfers between 1988 and 1989 amounts were also
the result of new facilities reporting in 1989 (as thresholds for reporting were
lowered or new operations were started), or from facilities reporting in 1989 and
1987 but not 1988. The 3,966 facilities included in this group accounted for 174.7
million pounds of TRI releases and transfers, constituting 24 percent of TRI
increases recorded from 1988 to 1989. Some facilities dropped out of the database
between 1988 and 1989, as manufacture, processing or use of the TRI chemicals at
their facilities decreased or operations ceased entirely. These 2,541 facilities
368
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Using the TRI Database
Table 8-7, Continued.
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
1989 1988
Average Pounds Average Pounds
per facility per facility
Facilities Reporting in Both Years
Decrease in TRI Total
No Change in TRI Total
Increase in TRI Total
SUBTOTAL FOR FACELIITES IN BOTH YEARS
Facilities Reporting in 1989
but not in 1988
Facilities Reporting in 1988
but not in 1989
TOTAL
288,898
10,557
394,124
297,316
44,050
227,227
453^57
10,557
301,453
334,420
80,781
255,933
accounted for 205.3 million pounds of the overall TRI decrease, contributing 15
percent to the net TRI decrease in releases and transfers between 1988 and 1989.
(See Table 8-7.)
In general, releases and transfers from facilities that reported in one year only were
small, with average releases and transfers of 40,000 to 80,000 pounds. Also,
facilities filing reports in both years but reporting no change in total releases and
transfers had the smallest average releases and transfers (11,000 pounds). (See Table
8-7.)
These data suggest that a small number of facilities with large decreases accounted
for the net decrease in total TRI releases and transfers from 1988 to 1989. As noted
above, almost as many facilities showed increases as showed decreases in their TRI
releases and transfers. In 1989, there were 127 facilities whose 1989 TRI releases
and transfers represented over 1.5 million pounds of decrease, as compared to their
data as reported in 1988. The total decrease accounted for by these 127 facilities was
827.9 million pounds, almost 60 percent of the total decreases of 1.4 billion pounds
for all TRI facilities whose 1988 reported releases and transfers exceeded their 1989
amounts.
369
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Chapters
Millions o'f Pounds
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1987
From Facilities Reporting
all 3 Years
1988
1989
From Facilities Reporting • From Facilities Reporting
2 Years 1 Year Only
Figure 8-2. TRI Releases and Transfers Reported Across the Years.
Table 8-8. TRI Reporting In 1987,1988 and 1989 Compared.
FACILITIES
Number
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
1989
Pounds Percent
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
1988
Pounds Percent
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
1987
Pounds Percent
Reported in All Three Years
Reported Two years only
1989 and 1988
1989 and 1987
1988 and 1987
Reported in 1989 only
Reported in 1988 only
Reported in 1987 only
TOTAL
15,432
3,171
823
1,496
3,143
1,045
1,866
26,976
5,322,521,888 93.28
208,446,978 3.65
40,918,006 0.72
— —
133,783,508 2.34
— —
— —
5,705,670,380 100.00
6,019,204,349
202,015,026
—
162,492,390
—
42,772,846
—
6,426,484,611
93.66 6,636,398,975
3.14 —
— 47,578,389
2.53 210,363,735
— —
0.67 —
— 116,902,941
100.00 7,011,244,040
94.65
0.68
3.00
—
—
1.67
100.00
570
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Using the TRI Database
Details Of Changes Over Three Years, 1987 To 1989
As with the changes reported for the two years 1988 and 1989, there was an overall
decrease in total TRI releases and transfers for the three years from 1987 to 1989.
For the whole TRI database, the decrease for the first two years (1987 to 1988) was
8 percent, and the decrease for the next two years (1988 to 1989) was 11 percent. The
net decrease in TRI releases and transfers from 1987 to 1989 was 19 percent. (See
Figure 8-2.)
Over 68 percent of the TRI facilities reporting in 1989 (15,432 facilities out of the
22,569 reporting in 1989) have reported in all three years. The total releases and
transfers reported by these facilities is close to 93 percent of the TRI total for each
year. Thus, a number of facilities with smaller average releases and transfers have
been added to or dropped from the database since 1987, while those with larger
average releases and transfers have reported in all three years. (See Table 8-8.)
There were 3,143 new facilities reporting for the first time in 1989, representing 14
percent of all the 1989 TRI facilities. However, the releases and transfers on these
forms were just 133.8 million pounds, or 2 percent of all TRI releases and transfers
in 1989. There were 3,171 facilities reporting in only the last two years, 1988 and
1989, and these facilities reported 208.4 million pounds, or 4 percent of the 1989
TRI total releases and transfers.
Some facilities entered the database because the thresholds for reporting had
dropped, because their activities involving TRI chemicals have expanded, or
because of compliance efforts. Others have ceased to report. There were 1,866
facilities that reported in 1987 but not in subsequent years. Although they repre-
sented almost 10 percent of the 19,617 facilities reporting in 1987, the pounds
reported by these facilities were just2percentof the 1987 TRI total. Likewise, 1,045
facilities submitted reports only in 1988, and an additional 1,496 reported in 1987
and 1988 but not in 1989. This total of 2,541 facilities that did not report to TRI for
all three years represents 12 percent of the 21,144 facilities reporting in 1988, but
their releases and transfers were just 3 percent of the 1988 TRI total.
The forms discussed above do not include delisted chemicals, so the reasons that
these facilities no longer report to the TRI database may be: (1) they no longer
manufacture, process or use any TRI chemicals, (2) their activities have dropped
below the 1989 threshold level of 25,000 pounds when once it was above either the
1988 threshold of 50,000 pounds or the 1987 threshold of 75,000 pounds, for
manufacture or processing, or (3) they may have ceased operations or have reduced
their workforce to below ten employees. Also, some facilities could have changed
their operations and now fall outside the manufacturing SIC codes of 20 through 39,
and therefore would not be required to report to TRI, even though they may still have
activities involving the TRI chemicals. (See further discussion of facilities reporting
in one year and not another in Chapter 4, Box 4-A.)
There was an overall
decrease in total TRI
releases and transfers from
1987 to 1989.
371
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Chapters
TRJ facilities reporting for
the first time In 1989
represented only 2% of TRI
total releases and transfers
In 1989.
Of the TRI total releases and
transfers, 92% was reported
by facilities that have
reported to TRI for all 3
years.
As mentioned above, the relative impact of the facilities that have been added or
have ceased to report, upon total TRI releases and transfers has been small—in 1989,
93 percent (5.3 out of 5.7 billion pounds) of all releases and transfers were reported
by facilities that had also reported in the previous two years. New TRI facilities,
reporting for the first time in 1989, represented only 2 percent of the TRI total
releases and transfers for 1989, and those reporting for two years but not all three
(either 1988 and 1989, or 1987 and 1989) represented the other 5 percent.
For the 15,432 facilities that reported in all three years, total TRI releases and
transfers decreased by 12 percent from 1988 to 1989 and by 20 percent over the
entire period from 1987 to 1989. This is slightly more than the decrease found by
including all releases and transfers reported by all facilities in each year, which was
11 percent from 1988 to 1989, and 19 percent from 1987 to 1989. The decrease in
TRI releases and transfers from facilities reporting in all three years has been
somewhat offset by the addition of new facilities. Therefore, in general the releases
and transfers of the new facilities were offset by the absence of releases and transfers
from facilities that ceased to report. (See Table 8-8.)
Details Of Facilities Reporting In AH Three Years
A closer examination of the 15,432 facilities that reported to TRI in all three years
indicates how they achieved their decreases. Almost 92 percent (4.9 out of 5.3
billion pounds) of the 1989 releases and transfers reported by these facilities
represented chemicals that were manufactured, processed, or otherwise used at
these facilities in all three years. The percentage decrease in total TRI releases and
Table 8-9. TRI Reporting by Facilities Reporting In all Three Years.
FORMS TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS FORMS TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
1989 1989 1988 1988
Average Average
Number Percent Pounds Percent Pounds Number Percent Pounds Percent Pounds
Chemicals Reported
in All Three Years
Chemicals Reported
in Two Years Only
1989 and 1988
1989 and 1987
1988 and 1987
46,633 70.42 4,873,316,946 91.56 104,504
8,656 13.07 246,107,648
1,611 2.43 30,128,063
4.62 28,432
0.57 18,701
46,903 74.59 5,492,271,211 91.25 117,099
8,691 13.82 272,625,374 4.53 31,369
4,344 6.91 183,950,616 3.06 42,346
Chemicals Reported
in One Year Only
Reported in 1989 only 9,321 14.08 172,969,231 3.25 18,557
Reported in 1988 only — — — — —
Reported in 1987 only — — — — —
TOTAL
66,221 100.00 5,322,521,888 100.00 80,375
2,944 4.68 70,357,148 1.17 23,898
62,882 100.00 6,019,204,349 100.00 95,722
372
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Using the TRI Database
transfers of these chemicals was 11 percent from 1988 to 1989, and 21 percent over
the three years, 1987 to 1989. Again, this percent change is just slightly greater than
the overall percent decrease, showing that generally these facility decreases were
obtained by decreasing releases and transfers (through waste reduction measures,
lowered production levels, waste treatment, or better understanding of TRI report-
ing) of TRI chemicals involved in the facility's activities for all three years, rather
than substituting other chemicals for these chemicals or entirely ceasing activities
involving these chemicals. Only about 3 percent of the TRI total releases and
transfers for 1989 (173.0 million pounds) came from the processing, use, or
manufacture of new TRI chemicals not reported by these facilities in 1988 or 1987.
(See Table 8-9.)
The chemicals reported by these facilities over the entire three year period, while
representing 70 percent of the TRI forms, represented 92 percent of the releases and
transfers reported in 1989. (See Table 8-5.) Therefore, these chemicals had average
releases and transfers significantly higher than those of the newly introduced
chemicals or those whose process, use, or manufacture has been dropped. In 1989,
releases and transfers of the chemicals reported for the third year in a row averaged
104,504 pounds per form, while the new chemicals reported averaged 18,557, and
the chemicals reported only in the last two years averaged 28,432 pounds.
Table 8-9. TRI Reporting by Facilities Reporting in all Three Years.
FORMS
1987
Number
Percent
TOTAL RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
1987
Average
Pounds Percent Pounds
Chemicals Reported
in All Three Years
Chemicals Reported
in Two Years Only
1989 and 1988
1989 and 1987
1988 and 1987
47,316
1,648
4,380
80.02
2.79
7.41
'6,151,917,264
49,041,746
225,699,745
92.70
0.74
3.40
130,018
29,758
51,530
Chemicals Reported
in One Year Only
Reported in 1989 only
Reported in 1988 only
Reported in 1987 only
TOTAL
5,787
59,131
9.79
100.00
209,740,220
6,636,398,975
3.16
100.00
36,243
11.2,232
373
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Chapters
/The above figures may be due in part to the changing reporting requirements. Even
facilities that have reported in all three years do not have to submit a form for a
chemical if their activities involving that particular chemical fall below the thresh-
old limits. As the TRI threshold limits have fallen from 75,000 pounds in 1987, to
50,000 pounds in 1988, to 25,000 pounds in 1989 for manufacture or process of a
chemical, more reports per facility may be required even with no change in the
facility's operations. The data throughout this report are normalized as to the
universe of chemicals being reported (that is, forms for delisted chemicals are taken
out of the data for each of the three years, and facilities are also removed if they only
reported delisted chemicals, as noted above). However, it is not possible to normal-
ize the data based on changes in TRI threshold requirements because there is no
indication why a facility is reporting in one year and not another.
NOTES
1. Sometimes only part of a TRI facility at a given address changes ownership. In that case, the part Ithat
is sold receives a new TRI facility ID, and the rest of the facility retains the old number.
2. While the technical contact name is required on the Form R, only the public contact of each TRI
facility is included in the publicly available TRI database.
3. Standard Industrial Classification Manual, Executive Office of the President/Office of Management
and Budget, 1987.
4. Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting Form R and Instructions, EPA 560/4-90-007, January
1990,ascited from Section 313 of EPCRA.
374
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APPENDIX A
TRI Form R
-------
Appendix A
n
Form Approved OMB No.: :070-0093
t/moortant: Tvoe or print: read instructions before completing form.)
Approval Expires:
D
Page 1 of 5
W EPA. U'S' Envlronmental Protection Agency
TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE INVENTORY REPORTING FORM
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Rlght-to-Know Act of 1986.
also known as Title III of the Suoerfund Amendments and Reauthorlzatlon Act
EPA FORM
PART I.
FACILITY
IDENTIFICATION
INFORMATION
(This space for your optional use.)
Public reporting ourdan tor this
collection of information is estimated to
vary from 30 to 34 hours oer response.
with an average of 32 'hours per
response, including time for reviewing
instructions, searching oxisting data
sources, gathering and maintaining the
data needed, and completing and
reviewing the collection of information.
Send comments regarding this burden
e.'tlmate or any other aspect cf 1*115
collection of information, including
suggestions for reducing this burden, to
Chief. Information Policy Branch
(PM-2231, US EPA, 401 M St.. SW.
Washington. D.C. 20460 Attn: TRI
Burden and to the Office of Information
and Regulatory Affairs. Office of
Management and Budget Paperwork
Reduction Prelect (2070-0093).
Washington. O.C. 20603.
1.1 Are you claiming the chemical Identity on page 3 trado secret?
[ ] Yes (Answer question 1.2: L J No (Do not answer 1.2:
1.2 If-Yes" In 1.1. Is this copy: 1.3 Reporting Year
[ J Sanitized [ J Unsanitized 19
2. CERTIFICATION (Read and sign after completing all sections.)
I hereby certify that I have reviewed the attached documents and that, to the best o( my knowledge and belief, the submitted Information is true and
complete arxnhat the amounts and values in this report are accurate Based on reasonable estimates using data available to the preparers of this reoc
Kame and official title of owner/operator or senior management official
Signature
Date signed
FACILITY IDENTIFICATION
3.1
;aclllty or Establishment Name
Street Address
City
County
TIU Facility Identification Number
WHERE TO SEND COMPLETED FORMS:
1. EPCRA REPORTING CENTER
P.O. BOX 23779
WASHINGTON, DC 20026-3779
ATTN: TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE INVENTORY
2. APPROPRIATE STATE OFFICE (Seo inslructions
in Appendix G)
3.2
This report contains information for (Check only one):
a. I. j An entire facility b. L J Part of a facility.
3.3
Technical Contact
Telephone Number (Include area code)
3.4
Public Contact
Telephone Number (include area code)
3.S
SIC Cede (4 digit)
3.6
Degrees
Degrees
3.7
Dun & Bradstreet Number(s)
3.8
SPA Identification Number(s) (RCRAI.D. No.)
3.9
NPDCS Permit Number(s)
Receiving Streams or Water Bodies (enter one name per box)
3.10
3.11
Underground Injection Well Code (UIC) Identification Number(s)
4. PARENT COMPANY INFORMATION
4.1
Name ol Parent Company
4.2
Parent Company's Dun & Bradstreet Number
EPA Form 9350-1 (1-90) Revised - Do not use previous versions.
A-2
-------
n
(Important: Type or print; read instructions before completing form.)
EPAFormR
D
Page 2 of 5
1 n (This space for your optional use.)
** CDA EPA FORM •*
O Cr*M PART II. OFF-SITE LOCATIONS TO WHICH TOXIC
CHEMICALS ARE TRANSFERRED IN WASTES
1, PUBLICITY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTWs)
1.1 POTW name
Street Address
City
State
2. OTHER OFF-SITE LOCATIONS
County
Zip
1.2 POTW name
Street Address
City County
State Zip
(DO NOT REPORT LOCATIONS TO WHICH WASTES ARE SENT ONLY FOR RECYCLING OR REUSE).
2.1 Off-site location name
EPA Identification Number (RCRA ID. No. )
Street Address
City
State
Is location under control of reporting facility
County
Zip
or parent company?
[ JYos [ ]NO
2.2 Off-site location name
EPA Identification Number (RCRA D. No. )
Street Address
City County
State Zip
Is location under control of reporting facility or parent company?
[ ]YBS [ U
2.3 Off-site location name
EPA Identification Number (RCRA ID. No.)
Street Address
City
State
County
Zip
Is location under control of reporting facility or parent company?
[ ] Yos [ ] No
2.5 Off-site location name
EPA Identification Number (RCRA ID. No.)
Street Address
City
State
County
Zip
Is location under control of reporting facility or parent company?
2.4 Off-site location name
EPA Identification Number (RCRA ID. No.)
Street Address
City County
State Zip
s location under control of reporting facility or parent company?
I J Yes I ] No
2.6 Off-site location name
EPA Identification Number (RCRA ID. No.) ,
Street Address
City • County
Stattt Zip
s location under control of reporting facility or parent company?
[ JYOS I JNO
[ j Check if additional pages of Part II arc attached. How many? .
EPA Form 9350-1 (1-90) Revised - Do not us* previous versions.
A-3
-------
AppendixA
(Important: Type or print; read instructions before completing form.)
D
Page 3 of 5
& EPA
EPA FORM R
PART III. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC INFORMATION
(This space for your optional use.)
HBMICAL IDENTITYiDo not complete this section if you complete Section 2.)
1.1 [Reserved]
1.2
CAS Number (Enter only one number exactly as it appears on the 313 list. Enter NA if reporting a chemical category.)
1.3
Chemical Or Chemical Category Name
-------
n
(Important: Type or print; read instructions before completing form.)
EPAFormR
n
Page 4 of 5
D (This space for your optional use.)
,0, PDA EPA FORM n
PART III. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC INFORMATION
(continued)
6. TRANSFERS OF THE CHEMICAL IN WASTE TO OFF-SITE LOCATIONS
You may report transfers
of less than 1 .000 pounds by
checking ranges under A.1 . (Do
not use both A.1 and A. 2)
Discharge to POTW . . . .
(enter location number ill
8.1.1 lromPartll.Seotion1.il '|-l
Other off-site location , , , ,
/. « * (enter location number I ?
6.2.1 from Part II. Section 2.) I " |-|
Other off-site location . . . .
*. n « (enter location number I 2 I I
6.2.2 from Part II. Section 2.) I 1. 1
Other off-site location . . , .
(enter location number •> I
A. Total Transfers B. Basis of Estimate
(pounds/year)
A.1 A. 2
Reporting Ranges Enter
o 1-499 500-999 Estimate
(enter code)
[][][] 6.1.1bD
[][][] 6.2.ib n
[ ] [ ] ' [ 3 6.2.2b D
r i r i r i 6.2.* n
C.Type of Treatment/
Disposal
(enter code)
BSnaiBiBltMltlmsisaiaaliaBsi
^^^^mt^^^^^^m~~ffff~fiff^~~
e. 2. ic |M| I I
6.2.2C |M| I I
6.2.3C |M| I I
[ ] (Check If additional Information Is provided on Part IV-Supplemental Information.
7. WASTE TREATMENT METHODS AND EFFICIENCY
r 1 Not Applicable (NA) - Check If no on-site treatment Is applied to any wastestream containing the chemical or chemical
L J category.
A. General
Wastestream
(enter code)
7.1a LJ
7.2a I I
7.3a D
7.4a |~~~l
7.5a I I
7.6a |~~|
7.7a n
7.8a | I
7.9a | |
7.10a | |
B. Treatment
Method
(enter code)
7.ib rm
,2b cm
7.- nin
7.4b rm
7.5b rm
7.6b rm
7.7b rm
7.8b rm
'•«• rm
7.100 rm
C. Range of
Influent
Concentration
(enter code)
7.10 n
7.2c I I
7.3c | |
7.4c | |
7.5o O
7.6c d
7.7C G
7.8o ( |
7.9c n
7.100 | |
D. Sequential
Treatment?
(check if
applicable)
7.1d [ ]
7.2d [ ]
7.3d [ ]
7.4d [ ]
7.5d [ ]
7.6d [ ]
7.7d [ ]
7.8d [ ]
7.9d [ ]
7.10d [ ]
E. Treatment
Efficiency
Estimate
7.1e %
7.2e %
7.3e %
7.4e %
7.5e %
7.6e %
7.7e %
7.8e %
7.9e %
7.10e %
F. Based on
Operating
Data?
Yes No
7. If [ ] [
7.21 [ ] [
7.3f [ ] [
7.4f [ ] [
7.5f [ ] [
7'6f [ ] [ ]
7.71 [ ] [
7.8f [ ] [
7'9f [ ] [ ]
7.10f [ ] [
[ ] (Check if additional information Is provided on Part IV-Supplemental Information.)
8. POLLUTION PREVENTION: OPTIONAL INFORMATION ON WASTE MINIMIZATION
(Indicate actions taken to reduce the amount of the chemical being released from the facility. See the Instructions for coded
Items and an explanation of what Information to Include.) • '.
A Type of B. Quantity of the Chemical in Wastes C. Index
Modification Prior to Treatment or Disposal
Current Prior 1 Or percent change
reporting year 1 (Check (+) or (-))
year (pounds/year) i n +
i — i — i (pounds/year) | r-j _ i — i j — |
(enter code)
ED
EPA Form 9350-1 (1-90) Revised - Do not use previous versions.
A-5
-------
Appenc
UxA
D
(Important: Type or prim; read instructions before completing form.)
A EPA EPA FORM R
*~* *^ PART IV. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
., yss 'h'5 section If you need additional space for answers to questions in Part III.
Number the lines used sequentially from lines In prior sections (e.g., 5.3.4. 6.1.2. 7.11)
n
Page 5 of 5
(This space for your optional use.)
/y30.1!!? NAL INFORMATION ON RELEASES OF THE CHEMICAL TO THE ENVIRONMENT ON-SITE
("an in. ooction 5.3)
You may report releases of less than
1.000 pounds by checking ranges under A
(Do not use both A.1 and A.2)
5.3 Discharges to . .
receiving streams or
water bodies 5.3 1 — I
(Enter fatter code for stream F
from Part 1 Section 3. 10 In c o
the box provided. ) °-d L-
5.3 L
U
H
1.
5.3 a
5.3 a
S.3. a
A. Total Release
(pounds/year)
A.1
Reporting Ranges
0 1-499 500-999
[][][]
t .] [ ] [ ]
^ ] [ ] [ ]
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON TRANSFERS OF THE CHEMICAL IN
(Part III. Section 6)
You may report transfers
of less than 1 .000 pounds by checking
ranges under A.I . (Do not use
bom A.I and A.2)
Discharge to POTW __, , ,
6, Center location number 1 1 1
• !• from Part », Section 1.) |_]J.| |
Other oft-lite location . , , ,
R 9 Corner location number ? I
"•*• from Part H. Section 2.) I z 1. 1 |
Other off-ilte location i 1 i 1
6.2. Canter location number 2
from Part H. Section 2.) L_H I
Other otf-ilte location , 1 , ,
R o Comer location number p
•'* from Part H. Section 2.) Lr_ I.I I
A. Total Transfers
(pounds/year)
A.1
Reporting Ranges
0 1-499 500-999
I
] [
] t
] [ ]
] [ ]
[][][]
[][][]
A.2
Enter
Estimate
B. Basis of
Estimate
(enter code
in box
provided)
5.3 bl
5.3. bl
5.3. hi
C.% From
Stormwater
5.3 c %
5.3._o %
5.3. 0
WASTE TO OFF-SITE LOCATIONS
B.
Basis of
Estimate
A.2 (enter code
Enter in box
Estimate provided)
6.1.
bf~l
6.2. b 1 1
6.2.
bfl
6.2. b 1 1
C. Type of Treatment/
Disposal
(enter code
In box
provided)
6.2.
6.2.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON WASTE TREATMENT METHODS AND PPPICMPNnv (Part HI Rwrtion
A. General
Wastestream
(enter code
In box provided)
7. a r~]
7. a | |
7. a j~~]
7. a | |
7. a Q
7. aQ
7. a | |
7. aQ
7. a | |
B. Treatment
Method
(enter code
In box provided)
?• -b rm
7. b | | | |
7. b | | | |
7- b | | | |
7. b | | | |
7- b | | | |
7. b i i n
7. b rm
7. b rm
C. Range of
Influent
Concentratlor
(enter code)
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
- n
- n
-c n
- n
c n
-° n
c n
-• n
c
D. Sequential
Treatment?
(check If
applicable)
7. - d [
]
7. d[ ]
7. d[ ]
7. d[ ]
7. d[ ]
7. d[ ]
7. d[ I
7. d[ ]
7. d[
]
E. Treatment
Efflc ency
Estimate
7. e %
7. e %
7. e %
7. e %
7. e %
7. e %
7. e %
7. e %
7. e
»
%
F.
7.
7.
7.
7.
C[M\ i i
o|~Ml 1 1
7)
Based on
Operating
Data?
Yes No
-'I ][ 1
-'[][]
-'MM
-'[][]
7. f [ ] [ ]
7. f [ ] [ ]
7.
-'[ ][ ]
7. f [ ] [ ]
7.
' r i r i
EPA Form 9350-1 (1-90) Revised - Do not use previous versions.
-------
APPENDIX B
TRI Chemicals, 1989
B-l
-------
Appendix B
tANK
1989
CLASS
CAS NO.
CHEMICAL
TOTAL RELEASE
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
APPLICABLE
REGULATION
HEALTH/TERRESTRIAL
TOXKTIY
ACUTE
TPQ RQAH
CHRONIC
RQCH RFDI RFDO
AQUATIC
Toxicrry
ACUTE CHRN
RQARWQCA|WQCC
CARC
INOGElv
33/50
51
258
7
33
184
71
44
50
—
150
40
—
256
264
—
4
18
1
63
214
257
—
147
116
143
56
80
156
240
35
—
202
131
160
173
200
92
191
265
212
144
—
89
66
119
25
115
75
111
169
97
—
233
259
250
—
—
241
—
260
O
o
O
0
o
o
o
o
o
1!
II
M
O
O
O
o
N
A
A
O
O
O
H
O
M
N
K
M
H
O
O
O
H
H
O
H
M
O
H
H
K
0
H
K
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
0
O
0
O
O
O
M
O
O
O
75-07-0
60-35-5
67-64-1
75-05-8
53-96-3
10742-8
79-06-1
79-10-7
107-13-1
309-00-2
107-05-1
7429-90-5
117-79-3
60-09-3
92-67-1
82-23-0
7664-41-7
6484-52-2
7783-20-2
62-53-3
90-044
104-944
134-29-2
120-12-7
7440-364
7440-38-2
1332-21-4
7440-39-3
98-87-3
55-21-0
71-43-2
92-87-5
98-07-7
98-88-4
94-364
100-44-7
7440-41-7
92-52-4
111-44-4
542-88-1
108-60-1
103-23-1
75-25-2
74-83-9
105-99-0
141-32-2
71-36-3
78-92-2
75-654
85-68-7
106-88-7
123-72-8
4680-78-8
569-64-2
989-38-8
1937-37-7
2602-46-2
16071-86-6
2832-40-8
3761-53-3
81-88-9
Acetaldehyde
Acetamidc
Acetone
AcctonitrHc
2-AcetyIaminofluorenc
Acrolcin
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Aldrin
AUyl chloride
Aluminum (fame or dost)
2-Anunoathraquinone
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-Aminobiphcnyl
1-AnuDO— 2-nKthylanlhn
-------
TR1Chemicals, 1989
SANK
1989
CLASS
CAS NO.
CHEMICAL
TOTAL RELEASE
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
APPLICABLE
REGULATION
HEALTWTERRESTRIAL
TOXKCTY
ACUTE
TPQ RQAH
CHRONIC
RQCH RFDI RFDO
AQUATIC
TOXJCmf
ACUTE CHRN
RQAR WQCA| WQCC
CARC
IMOGEN
33/50
242
148
210
194
188
IS
72
45
122
—
222
12
64
197
—
57
—
68
36
55
262
112
151
47
135
37
198
81
178
159
91
69
134
231
105
43
149
120
—
254
261
224
113
226
—
154
—
163
118
130
87
215
100
206
—
53
162
O 3118-97-6
0 97-56-3
0 842-07-9
0 492-80-8
O 128-66-5
M 7440-43-9
O 156-62-7
O 133-06-2
O 63-25-2
0 75-15-0
H 56-23-5
O 463-58-1
O 120-80-9
H 133-90-4
H 57-74-9
N 7782-50-5
N 10049-04-4
H 79-11-8
H 532-27-4
H 108-90-7
H 510-15-6
H 75-00-3
H 67-66-3
H 74-87-3
H 107-30-2
H 126-99-8
H 1897-45-6
M 7440-47-3
M 7440-48-4
M 7440-50-8
O 120-71-8
0 1319-77-3
O 108-39-4
0 95-48-7
O 10&44-5
O 98-82-8
O 80-15-9
0 135-20-6
M 1313-27-5
O 110-82-7
H 94-75-7
H 1163-19-5
O 2303-1 £4
O 615-05-4
O 39156-41-7
O 101-80-4
O 25376-45-8
O 95-80-7
O 334-88-3
0 132-64-9
H 96-12-8
H 106-93^
O 84-74-2
H 25321-22-6
H 95-50-1
H 541-73-1
H 106-46-7
H 91-94-1
H 75-27-*
H 107-06-2
H 540-59-0
CJ. Solvent Orange 7
CJ. Solvent Yellow 3
CJ. Solvent Yellow 14
CJ. Solvent Yellow 34
CJ. Vat Yellow 4
Cadmium
Calcium cyanamide
Captan
Catbaiyl
Carbon disulfidc
Caifoon tetrachloride
Caibonyl sulfide
Catechol
Chloiamben
Chlordane
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chloroacctic acid
2-ChloroacetopbcnoDC
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzflate
Chi oroe thane
Chloroform
Chloromc thane
Chlorometbyl methyl ether
Cbloroprene
Chlorothalonil
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
p-Ciesidine
Gresol (mixed isomers)
m-Crcsol
o-Crcsol
p-Crcsol
Comene
Cumene hydropeioxide
Cupferron
Molybdenum trioxide
Cyclobexane
2,4-D (acetic acid)
Decabromodipbenyl oxide
Diallate
2,4-Diaminoanisole
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
Diaminotoltlene (mixed isomers)
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Diazomemane
Dibenzofuran
1 ,2-Dibiomo-3-cfaloropropane
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Dibutyl phthalate
Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dicblorobenzene
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlorobromomethane
1,2-Dichloroemane
1 ,2-DichloroethyIene
0
0
1,500
0
0
387,918
16,220
48,267
59,407
100,150,670
4,607,809
17,990,444
882,689
0
6,893
141,428,470
6,995,636
40,442
0
8,589,998
0
5,255,383
27325,508
9,279,868
130
1,239,210
347,278
13,403332
563,788
26,771,263
38.760
3,779,175
83349
260,439
2,522,898
4,819,808
600,562
3,134
1396,999
19,750^23
373,947
942,972
0
500
250
6,229
1,228,772
5,926
0
290,174
0
187311
990,582
683,546
3,216,166
11,720
1,725,392
23,032
0
9,509,848
208,985
P
A
A
P
A
P A
P
A
P
P
P
P
P
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
A
V
V
A
A
A
A
V
V
A
A
A
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
3
3
3
3 2
3
-
,-
-
3 2
1 2
-
1 2
-
3
3
3
3 3
3
1 2
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
3
-
3
2
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
3
-
.
2
2
3
-
3
-
3
3
3
3
-
2
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
-
-
-
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
2
2
2
-
.
2
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1 2
-
-
2
-
-
-
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3
-
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2
2
2
-
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-
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.
.
.
-
2 2
-
2
-
_
.
-
1
1
3
2
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
3
2
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
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2
-
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-
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-
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-
2
.
.
3
-
1
-
3
-
-
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1
1
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3
-
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1
-
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-
-
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.
-
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, -
-
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.
-
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-
-
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.
2
-
-
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.
1
-
1
-
-
-
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.
1
I
-
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-
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-
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1
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-
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1
.
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3
-
1
1
1
1 1
-
1 1
-
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-
-
-
1 1
-
1
-
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1 1
-
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1
-
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-
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1
-
.
-
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
-
1
1
.
1
-
B-3
-------
Appendix B
RANK
1989
CLASS
CAS NO.
CHEMICAL
TOTAL RELEASE
AND TRANSFERS
Founds
APPLICABLE
REGULATION
HEALTH/TERRESTRIAL
TOXKTIY
ACUTE
TPQ RQAH
CHRONIC
RQCH RFDI REDO
AQUATIC
TOXIOTY
ACUTE CHRN
RQARWQCAJWQCC
CARC
INOGEN
33/50
13
168
110
190
227
211
—
79
82
139
216
249
—
—
—
217
183
123
208
IK
138
117
152
127
101
—
102
96
153
48
221
27
21
—
83
205
167
33
19
180
104
77
171
137
—
—
172
179
2
78
46
114
133
59
126
42
236
98
207
34
165
H
H
H
H
H
H
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
0
O
0
O
O
O
0
O
0
O
O
O
O
K
O
O
0
K
O
O
0
O
O
0
O
K
H
M
H
K
K
H
O
N
A
A
A
A
O
O
O
O
M
H
O
M
M
M
75-09-2
120-83-2
78-87-5
542-75-6
62-73-7
115-32-2
1464-53-5
111-42-2
117-81-7
84-66-2
64-67-5
119-90-4
60-11-7
119-93-7
79-44-7
S7-J4-7
105-67-9
131-11-3
77-78-1
534-52-1
51-28-5
121-14-2
606-20-2
117-84-0
123-91-1
122-66-7
106-89-8
110-80-5
140-88-5
100-41-4
541-41-3
74-85-1
107-21-1
151-564
7S-21-8
96-45-7
2164-17-2
50-00-0
76-13-1
7644-8
118-74-1
87-68-3
77-474
67-72-1
1335-87-1
680-31-9
302-01-2
10034-93-2
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
123-31-9
78-84-2
67-63-0
80-05-7
7439-92-1
58-89-9
108-31-6
12427-38-2
7439-96-5
7439-97-6
Dichloromethane
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropylene
Dkhlorvos
Dicofol
Diepoxybutane
Diethanolamine
DH2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dicthyl salfate
S.S'-DimethoxybcnzidiDe
4-DinKthylammoazobenzene
S^-Dimethylbcnzidine
Dimetbylcaibamyl chloride
1.1-Donethyl hydrazine
2,4-Dimcthylpbcnol
Dimethyl phtbalate
Dimethyl salfate
4,6-Dinitro-c-cresol
2,4-Dimtropbenol
2,4-DmitrotolaeiK
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
n-Dioctyl phthalate
1/t-Dioxane
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Epichlorohydrin
2-Etboxycthanol
Ethyl acrylate
Bthylbenzene
Ethyl chlorofoimato
Ethylene
Elhylene glycol
Elhylenciinme
Elbylcne oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Flaometnroa
Formaldehyde
Freooll3
Heptachlor
HexachlorobcQzeDe
Hexachloro-1 3-butadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadicne
Hcxachloroethane
HexaehloTonapbthalcne
Hexamethylphosphoramidc
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydroquinone
Isobotyraldehyde
Isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing)
4,4*-IsopTOpylidenedipbenol
Lead
Lindane
Maleic anhydride
Maneb
Manganese
Merciuy
130,355,581
125,941
1,261,663
55,861
5,767
15,588
0
4,077,078
3,708,811
480,930
10,463
753
0
0
0
10,051
73,791
819,042
18,187
149.312
481,021
1,012,746
313,627
719,442
1,516.708
0
1,487,562
2,239.575
305.721
13^04,66+
8,642
41,802,96*
57,792,359
0
3/U7.067
23,476
142^23
30,042348
67,837,298
76,756
1,458.420
4,212,851
108,065
498,714
0
0
104,803
77,208
495,609,047
4,184,475
15,377,949
1,133,759
634,728
7,661,243
759,561
19,872,643
2340
1.914,385
18,520
29,924.164
159.405
P
P
P
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P A
P
P
P
P
P
P A
N P
A
A
A
V
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
.
3
-
-
-
.
-
-
2
3
.
-
2
.
-
.
-
1
.
-
-
3
-
2
1
1
2
.
-
-
-
3
.
-
-
-
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
-
3
3
-
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
1
1
2
3
3
-
3
3
2
3
3
3
.
-
.
1
2
-
.
2
.
2
3
2
3
3
-
-
.
.
3
1
2
3
.
-
-
3
2
3
.
-
1
2
2
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
.
-
1
1
2
-
3
-
-
-
-
.
.
.
1
-
.
1
2
1
2
-
-
.
.
-
.
1
2
-
.
-
-
-
.
.
-
-
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
.
.
-
-
-
2 2
-
2
.
-
3
-
-
.
-
.
.
.
-
-
1
-
.
-
.
.
.
-
-
2
-
.
. ,
.
1
. . .
.
1 2
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
.
-
.
1
-
2
1
1
2
2
-
3
1
2
3
3
2
.
.
-
.
2
3
.
2
.
1
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
3
1
3
.
.
-
.
.
1
3
.
.
1
.
2 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
.
1
-
-
.
3
.
.
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1
-
1 1
1 1
1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1
1 1
.
.
.
1 1
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
.
.
1
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
-
1
1
1
.
1
.
.
1
-
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
-
B-4
-------
TRI Chemicals, 1989
JANK
1989
CLASS
CAS NO,
CHEMICAL
TOTAL RELEASE
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
APPLICABLE
REGULATION
HEALTH/TERRESTRIAL
TOHCITY
ACUTE
TPQ RQAH
CHRONIC
RQCH RFDI RFDO
AQUATIC
TOXIOTY
ACUTE CHRN
RQARWQCA|WQCC
CARC
INOGEN
33/50
3
243
73
155
86
225
—
88
175
141
11
253
201
29
199
60
204
—
67
252
—
54
17
192
251
129
—
—
—
176
195
132
140
234
124
—
—
—
136
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
223
170
219
39
193
209
218
16
84
74
109
76
—
O
H
O
O
O
H
O
O
H
0
O
O
H
0
O
O
O
0
0
O
O
M
A
O
O
0
O
O
O
0
O
O
0
O
O
O
0
0
O
0
O
O
O
O
0
O
H
M
O
H
O
0
0
O
H
A
N
O
O
H
O
67-56-1
72-43-5
109-8&4
96-33-3
1634-04-4
101-14-4
101-61-1
101-68-8
74-95-3
101-77-9
78-93-3
60-34-4
74-88-1
108-10-1
624-83-9
80-62-6
90-94-8
505-60-2
91-20-3
134-32-7
91-59-8
7440-02-0
7697-37-2
139-13-9
99-59-2
98-95-3
92-93-3
1836-75-5
51-75-2
55-63-0
88-75-5
100-02-7
79-46-9
156-10-5
121-69-7
924-16-3
55-18-5
62-75-9
86-30-6
621-64-7
4549-W-O
59-89-2
759-73-9
684-93-5
16543-55-8
100-75-4
2234-13-1
20816-12-0
56-38-2
87-86-5
79-21-0
108-95-2
106-50-3
9043-7
75-44-5
7664-38-2
7723-14-0
85-44-9
88-89-1
1336-36-3
1120-71-4
Methanol
Methoxychlor
2-Methoxyethanol
Methyl acrylate
Methyl tcrt-butyl ether
4,4>-Methylenebis(2-chloro aniline)
4,4'-McthyIcncbis(N^f-dimetfayl)
Methylcnebis(pbenylisocyanate)
Methylene bromide
4,4'-Methyenedianiline
Methyl ethyl ketonc
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl methacrylate
Michler's ketone
Mustard gas
Naphthalene
alpha-Naphthylamine
beta-Naphthylamine
Nkkel
Nitric acid
Nltrflotriacetic acid
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrobiphenyl
Nitrofen
Nitrogen mustard
Nitroglycerin
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophcnol
2-Nitropropanc
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N,N-Diinethylanfline
N-Nitro5odi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nilrosodimethylaminc
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamme
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
N-Nftrosonomicotine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
Octochloroaaphthalenc
Osmium tetroxide
Parathion
Pentachlorophenol
Peracetic acid
Phenol
p-Phenylenediamine
2-Phenylphenol
Phosgene
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus (yellow or white)
Phthalic anhydride
Picric acid
Potychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Propane sultone
408,119,093
1,476
4,501,008
287,588
3,231,507
6,052
0
2514,499
92,886
454,324
156,992,642
573
31,059
38,849,703
38,012
7,392,226
26,847
0
6,119,710
672
0
9,493,108
74,861,200
49,555
750
710,103
0
0
0
91,217
43,868
639,649
467,256
2,704
785,539
0
0
0
560,208
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,496
116,018
9,404
24,963,185
48,911
16^52
9,999
98,660,456
3,400,677
4,444,673
1,266,237
4,233,611
0
P
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
A
P
P
P
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
A
A
V
A
A
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
3
3
2
3
2 2
3
3
2 1
3
2 1
3
3
3
1
3 2
-
-
3 3
-
-
1 1
-
3
3
2
-
-
3
3
3 2
3
3
2
-
3
3
-
3
-
2
1 1
1
2 2
2 3
-
-
1 1
3
1 2
3
-
-
3
2 2
11
2
2 2
2
1
2
-
.
1 - 2
-
...
-
- 1 1
-
.
.
-
.
.
-
.
-
.
.
.
.
.
-
.
.
-
.
.
-
.
1 - 1
2 - 2
-
2 - 2
.
-
.
-
-
-
.
.
.
3
1
3
3
3
-
1
1
1
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
.
-
-
.
.
1
.
-
r
-
.
-
.
.
-
1
1
-
2
-•
-
3
3
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
2
.
-
2
-
-
-
3
-
- -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
.
.
-
-
-
-
.
.
.
-
-
1
1
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
- -
1
.
-
-
1
-
• -
1
-
-
-
.
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
.
.
-
-
-
-
.
.
.
.
-
.
1
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
.
-
.
•1
.
B-5
-------
Appendix B
«ANK
1989
CLASS
CASNO
CHEMICAL
TOTAL RELEASE
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
APPLICABLE
REGULATION
HEAL
ACUTE
TPQ RQAH
THTERRESTRIAL
Toxicrry
CHRONIC
RQCH RFDI KPDO
AQUATIC
ToxiaTY
ACUTE CHRN
RQAR WQCA| WQCC
CARC
IMOGEN
33/51)
121
230
31
243
93
107
174
237
228
232
263
158
177
28
246
6
161
32
220
233
—
—
203
142
94
5
145
64
182
—
—
—
235
90
9
103
26
255
229
181
65
—
213
187
61
244
106
146
8
103
95
70
239
22
247
85
62
41
196
125
99
0
0
o
o
o
o
o
o
0
0
o
o
N
M
O
0
A
H
H
H
M
O
O
0
M
M
O
O
O
o
H
H
O
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
O
0
H
0
M
O
H
H
H
O
O
O
o
0
M
M
M
N
M
M
M
11
S7-S7-S
123-38-6
114-26-1
115-07-1
75-55^
75-56-9
110-86-1
91-22-5
106-51-4
82-68-8
81-07-2
94-59-7
7782-49-2
7440-22-4
10CM2-S
96-09-3
7664-93-9
79-34-5
127-184
961-11-5
7440-28-0
62-55-5
139-65-1
62-56-6
1314-20-1
755045-0
103-88-3
584-84-9
91-08-7
95-53-4
636-21-5
8001-35-2
63-764
52-63-6
12032-1
71-55-6
79-00-5
79-01-6
95-954
83-06-2
1582-09-8
95-63-6
126-72-7
51-79-6
7440-62-2
103-054
593-60-2
75-014
75-354
1330-20-7
108-38-3
9547-6
10642-3
87-62-7
7440-66-6
12122-67-7
—
—
—
—
—
—
beta-Prcpiolactone
Propionaldehyde
Propoxur
Propyienc
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
Pyridine
Quinoline
Quioooe
OuintozcDe
Saccharin (manufacturing)
Safrolc
Sclmhtm
saw
Styrcne
Sryrene oxide
Sulfaric acid
1,1,2,2-TetracUoroethane
Tctnchlorocfhylene
Tetrachlorvinphos
Thill ten
Tfaioacetamide
4.4'-Thiodianiline
Thioorca
Thoriom dioxide
Titanium tctrachloride
Toluene
ToIuene-2/t-diisocyanate
Toluene-2,6-diiiocyanate
o-Toluidine
o-Tolnidine hydrochloride
Toxapbene
Triaziquone
Trichlorfon
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1 ,1 ,1-Trichlotoethane
l,l,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroctbylcne
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Triflualin
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzcnc
Tri3(23-dibrorocpropj1) phosphate
Urcthane
Vanadhun (fume or dust)
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidcnc chloride
Xyleoe (mixed isomers)
m-Xyleoe
o-Xylcne
p-Xylenc
2,6-Xylidine
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zineb
Antimony confounds
Arsenic compounds
Barium compounds
Beryllium compounds
Cadmium compounds
Chlorophenols
0
938,986
3,524
30,615.459
790
2,414,341
1,298,863
95,498
2.142
4,423
3,025
13
265,661
84,786
41,169,973
1,000
318,395,014
215,893
30,058,581
9389
2,000
0
0
28,225
449,167
2,411,291
322,521,176
395.986
166,346
75330
0
0
0
2,647
2.538,039
'185.026,191
1,283,312
48,976,806
500
3,881
76395
6,162.993
0
14,558
61,006
7,138,898
1.040
1363,697
394,803
185,442,035
1,465,778
2,242,661
4,811,223
1,950
57,487,663
1,000
3375,959
7,046,988
21,012,672
42,242
759,865
1,755,472
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
A
N P
P
P
P
N P
N P
P
P
A
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
2 1
3 2
3 3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3 2
3
3
.
2
.
_
3
_
1 1
3
2 1
1
3
3
2 2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
_
3 3
1
2
3
_
2 1
1 1
.
2
1 1
1
1
2
2
.
2
2
.
_
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
2
1
2
2
2
2
.
_
_
_
2
2
.
2
1
1
1
1
2
1 1
,
_
_
_
1
„
_
.
_
_
„
,
_
.
„
1 2
1
_
_
.
1
_
1
2
1
1
1 2
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
3
,
_
.
2
1
_
1 1
2
2
2
2 3
1
1
,
.
2
3
3
2
1
2 2
1 1
2 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
_
2
_
1
_
.
.
_
.
_
_
1
.
,
.
2
3
1
„
_
.
]
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
,_
1
1
1
_
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
.
1
1
1
_
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B-6
-------
TRI Chemicals. 1989
IANK
1989
24
128
23
58
20
30
14
189
49
186
185
245
10
52
157
CLASS CAS
M
M
M
A
O
M
M
M
M
H
N
M
M
M
X
T
NO. CHEMICAL
— Chromium compounds
— Cobalt compounds
— Copper compounds
— Cyanide compounds
— Clyco) ethers
— Lead compounds
— Manganese compounds
— Mercury compounds
— Nickel compounds
— Poly brominated biphenyls
— Selenium compounds
— Silver compounds
— Thallium compounds
— Zinc compounds
— Total for Mixtures
— Trade Secrets
TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASE
AND TRANSFERS
Founds
50,881,050
715,141
54,465,732
7,791,895
65,736,857
34,498,469
119,825,790
57,028
12,849,203
0
66^08
66,382
1,010
164,799357
9,978,418
276,478
5,705,670,380
APPLICABLE
REGULATION
P A
A
P
P A
A V
P A
A
N P A
P A
V
P A
P
P
P
HEAL
ACUTE
TPQ RQAH
1 1
1 1
2 2
1 I
1 2
1 1
2 1
1 1
1 1
2 2
1 2
1 1
TH/TERRESTRIAL
TOXICnY
CHRONIC
RQCH RFDI RFDO
1
2 - 3
2 2
1
1 1 2
1 - 1
1 - 2
1 1 1
2
1 - 1
2 - 2
AQUATIC CA
TOXK3TY INO
ACUTE CHRN
RQAR WQCAJ WQCC
2
2 . .
1 1 1
1 1 1
3 1 1
1
1 1 1
1 2 1
2 1 1
1 1 1
2 2 1
1 1 1
iRC 33/50
GEN
1
1
1
1
1
B-7
-------
Appendix B
Ufl«nd for Chimlcal ClauHlcatlon Table
RANK=Ranlc based on total releases and transfers in 1989
— indicates no releases or transfers reported in 1989
CLASS A*Mineral adds, and salts
H»Halogcnated*organic3
MxMctals and metal compounds
N*Nbrf metallic inorganics
OxNon-halogenated Organics
X*Mixtare/component
T»Trnde secret
APPLICABLE REGULATION
N=NESHAP listed air pollutant
P=W»tar priority pollatant
A=Air Toxics, Substances listed on Hazardous Air Pollutant List
V«Volat3c organic compounds
HUMAN HEALTH AND TERRESTRIALECOTOXICrrY
(from Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide, EPA 560/2-89-002)
TPQ ^Threshold Planning Quantities (pounds)
1=1,10,100
2=500
3=1,000,10,000
RQAH=Rcportablc Quantities Acute (pounds)
1=1,10,100
2=1.000
3=5,000
RQQrfeReportable Quantities Chronic Mammalian Toxicity (pounds)
1=1,10,100
2=1,000
3=5,000
RPDI-EPA Reference Dose Inhalation (mg/kg/day)
1=<0.01
2=0.01-0.10
3=>=1.0
RFDOEPA Reference Dose Oral (mg/kg/day)
1=<0.01
2=0.01-0.10
3=>=1.0
AQUATIC ECOTOXICnY
(from Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide, EPA 560/2-89-002)
RQAR'Reportabte Quantity Aquatic Toxicity (pounds)
1=1,10,100
2=1,000
3=5,000
WQCA=Water Quality Criteria Acute (mg/1)
1=<1
2=1-10
3=>=10
WQCOWater Quality Criteria Chronic Mammalian Toxicity (rug/1)
1==IO
CARCINOGEN
l=Lt£led as a, "de minimis" carcinogen for purposes
of TRI reporting (according to OSHA criteria)
33/50
1="33/SCT INDOSTRIALPROJECT CHEMICAL
B-S
-------
APPENDIX C
SIC Codes 20-39
C-l
-------
Appendix C
20 Food and Kindred Products
2011 Meat packing plants
2013 Sausages and other prepared meat products
2015 Poultry slaughtering and processing
2021 Creamery butter
2022 Natural, processed, and Imitation cheese
2023 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products
2024 lea cream and frozen desserts
2026 Fluid milt
2032 Canned specialties
2033 Canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams, and
jellies
2034 Dried and dehydrated fruits, vegetables, and soup
mixes
2035 Pickled fruits and vegetables, vegetable sauces
and seasonings, and salad dressings
2037 Frozen fruits, fruit juices, and vegetables
2038 Frozen specialties, n.e.c.*
2041 Flour and other grain mill products
2043 Cereal breakfast foods
2044 Rice milling
2045 Prepared flour mixes and doughs
2046 Wet corn milling
2047 Dog and cat food
2048 Prepared feeds and feed ingredients for animals
and fowls, except dogs and'cats
2051 Bread and other bakery products, except cookies
and crackers
2052 Cookies and crackers
2053 Frozen bakery products, except bread
2061 Cane sugar, except refining
2062 Cane sugar refining
2063 Beet sugar
2064 Candy and other confectionary products
2066 Chocolate and cocoa products
2067 Chewing gum
2068 Salted and roasted nuts and seeds
2074 Cottonseed oil mills
2075 Soybean oH mills
2076 Vegetable oil mills, except corn, cottonseed, and
soybean
2077 Animal and marine fats and oils
2079 Shortening, table oils, margarine, and otheredibte
fats and oils, n.e.c.*
2082 Malt beverages
2083 Malt
2084 Wines, brandy, and brandy spirits
2085 Distilled and blended liquors
2086 Bottled and canned soft drinks and carbonated
waters
'•Not triMWhen classified- indicated by *n.*.c.*
2087 Flavoring extracts and flavoring syrups, n.e.c.*
2091 Canned and cured fish and seafoods
2092 Prepared fresh or frozen fish and seafoods
2095 Roasted coffee
2096 Potato chips, com chips, and similar snacks
2097 Manufactured ice
2098 Macaroni, spaghetti, vermicelli, and noodles
2099 Food preparations, n.e.c.*
21 Tobacco Products
2111 Cigarettes
2121 Cigars
2131 Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
2141 Tobacco stemming and reclrylng
22 Textile Mill Product*
2211 Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
2221 Broadwoven fabric mills, man made fiber, and silk
2231 Broadwoven fabric mills, wool (including dyeing
and finishing)
2241 Narrow fabric and other smaHwaros mills: cotton,
wool, silk, and manmade fiber
2251 Women's full length and knee length hosiery, except
socks
2252 Hosiery, n.e.c.*
2253 Knit outerwear mills
2254 Knit underwear and nightwear mills
2257 Weft knit fabric mills
2258 Lace and warp knit fabric mills
2259 Knitting mills, n.e.c.*
2261 Finishers of broadwoven fabrics of cotton
2262 Finishers of broadwoven fabrics of manmade fiber
and silk
2269 Finishers of textiles, n.e.c.'
2273 Carpets and rugs
2281 Yarn spinning mills
2282 Yarn texturizing, throwing, twisting, and winding
mills
2284 Thread mills
2295 Coated fabrics, not rubberized
2296 Tire cord and fabrics
2297 Nonwoven fabrics
2298 Cordage and twine
2299 Textile goods, n.e.c.*
23 Apparel and Ottwr Finished Products made from
Fabrics and Other Similar Materials
2311 Men's and boys' suits, coats, and overcoats
Source: Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987.
C-2
-------
SIC Codes 20-39
2789 Bookbinding and related work
2791 Typesetting
2796 Platemaking and related services
28 Chemicals and Allied Products
2812 Alkalies and chlorine
2813 Industrial gases
2816 Inorganic pigments
2819 Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.*
2821 Rastics materials, synthetic resins, and non-
vuteanlzabte elastomers
2822 Synthetic rubber (vulcanizable elastomers)
2823 Cellulosic manmade fibers
2824 Manmade organic fibers, except cellulose
2833 Medicinal chemicals and botanical products
2834 Pharmaceutical preparations
2835 In vitro and in vivo diagnostic substances
2836 Biological products, except diagnostic substances
2841 Soap and other detergents, except specialty
cleaners
2842 Specially cleaning, polishing, and sanitation prepa-
rations
2843 Surface active agents, finishing agents, sulfonated
oils, and assistants
2844 Perfumes,cosmet!cs,andothertoHetpreparatfons
2851 Paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamels, and allied
products
2861 Gum and wood chemicals
2865 Cyclic organic crudes and intermediates, and
organic dyes and pigments
2869 Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c.*
2873 Nitrogenous fertilizers
2874 Phosphatic fertilizers
2875 Fertilizers, mixing only
2879 Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, n.e.c.*
2891 Adhesives and sealants
2892 Explosives
2893 Printing ink
2895 Carbon black
2899 Chemicals and chemical preparations, n.e.c.*
29 Petroleum Refining and Related Industrie*
2911 Petroleum refining
2951 Asphalt paving mixtures and blocks
2952 Asphalt fens and coatings
2992 Lubricating oils and greases
2999 Products of petroleum and coal, n.e.c.*
30 Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products
3011 Tires and inner tubes
3021 Rubber and plastics footwear
3052 Rubber and plastics hose and belting
3053 Gaskets, packing, and sealing devices
3061 Molded, extruded, and lathecut mechanical rubber
products
3069 Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c.*
3081 Unsupported plastics lilm and sheet
3082 Unsupported plastics profile shapes
3083 Uminatod plastics plate, sheet, and profile shapes
3084 Plastics pipe
3085 Plastics bottles
3086 Plastics foam products
3087 Custom compounding o) purchased plastics resins
3088 Rastics plumbing fixtures
3089 Rastics products, n.e.c.*
31 Leather and Ltather Products
3111 Leather tanning and finishing
3131 Boot and shoe cut stock and findings
3142 House slippers
3143 Men's footwear, except athletic
3144 Women's footwear, except athletic
3149 Footwear, except rubber, n.e.c.*
3151 Leather gloves and mittens
3161 Luggage
3171 Women's handbags and purses
3172 Personal leather goods, except women's hand-
bags and purses
3199 Leather goods, n.e.c.*
32 Stone, Clay, Glass and Concrete Products
3211 Flat glass
3221 Glass containers
3229 Pressed and blown glass and glassware, n.e.c.*
3231 Glass products, made of purchased glass
3241 Cement, hydraulic
3251 Brick and structural clay tile
3253 Ceramic wall and floor tile
3255 day refractories
3259 Structural day products, n.e.c.*
3261 Vitreous china plumbing fixtures and china and
earthenware fittings and bathroom accessories
3262 Vitreous china table and kitchen articles
3263 Fine earthenware (whiteware) table and kitchen
.articles
3264 Porcelain electrical supplies
3269 Pottery products, n.e.c.*
3271 Concrete block and brick
3272 Concrete products, except block and brick
3273 Ready mixed concrete
3274 Lime
3275 Gypsum products
3281 Cut stone and stone products
3291 Abrasive products
3292 Asbestos products
"NM eHemhem danMad* McaMd by *n.e.c*
C-3
-------
Appendix C
3295 Mlntrals and earths, ground or otherwise treated
3296 Mineral wool
3297 Nanclay refractories
3299 Nonmetaltte mineral products, n.e.c.*
33 "rlmary Metal Industrtea
3312 Stwlworks.blaslfurnaces(lncludingcokoovens),
and rolling mills
3313 Etoctrometallurgical products, except steel
3315 StM>l wiredrawing and steel nails and spikes
3316 Cold-rolled steel sheet, strip, and bars
3317 Steel pipe and tubes
3321 Gray and ductile iron foundries
3322 Malleable iron foundries
3324 Steol investment foundries
3325 Steel foundries, n.e.c.*
3331 Primary smelting and refining ol copper
3334 Primary production of aluminum
3339 Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous
metal*, except copper and aluminum
3341 Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous
metals
3351 Boiling, drawing, and extruding of copper
3353 Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
3354 Aluminum extruded products
3355 Aluminum rolling and drawing, n.e.c.*
3356 Rolling, drawing, and extruding of nonferrous
metals, except copper and aluminum
3357 Drawing and Insulating of nonferrous wire
3363 Aluminum die-castings
3364 Nonferrous die-castings, except aluminum
3365 Aluminum foundries
3366 Copper foundries
3369 Nonferrous foundries, except aluminum and
copper
3398 Metal heat treating
3399 Primary metal products, n.e.c.*
34 Fabricated Metal Product*, except Machinery and
Transportation Equipment
3411 Meialcans
3412 Meial shipping barrels, drums, kegs, and pails
3421 Cutlery
3423 Hand and edge tools, except machine tools and
handsaws
3425 Handsaws and saw blades
3429 Hardware, n.e.c.*
3431 Enameled iron and metal sanitary ware
3432 Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433 Heating equipment, except electric and warm air
furnaces
3441 Fabricated structural metal
3442 Metal doors, sash, frames, molding, and trim
3443 Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444 Sheet metal work
3446 Architectural and ornamental metal work
3448 Prefabricated metal buildings and components
3449 Miscellaneous structural metal work
3451 Screw machine products
3452 Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washors
3462 Iron and steel forglngs
3463 Nonferrous forglngs
3465 Automotive stampings
3468 Crowns and closures
3469 Metal stampings, n.e.c.*
3471 Electroplating, plating, polishing, anodizing, and
coloring
3479 Coating, engraving and allied services, n.e.c.*
3482 Small arms ammunition
3483 Ammunition, except for small arms
3484 Small arms
3489 Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c.*
3491 Industrial valves
3492 Fluid power valves and hose fittings
3493 Steel springs, except wire
3494 Valves and pipe fittings, n.e.c.*
3495 Wire springs
3496 Miscellaneous fabricated wire products
3497 Metal foil and leaf
3498 Fabricated pipe and pipe fittings
3499 Fabricated metal products, n.e.c.*
35 Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Computer
Equipment
3511 Steam, gas and hydraulic turbines, and turbine
generator set units
3519 Internal combustion engines, n.e.c.*
3523 Farm machinery and equipment
3524 Lawn and garden tractors and home lawn and
garden equipment
3531 Construction machinery and equipment
3532 Mining machinery and equipment, except oil and
gas field machinery and equipment
3533 Oil and gas field machinery and equipment
3534 Elevators and moving stairways
3535 Conveyors and conveying equipment
3536 Overhead traveling cranes, hoists, and monorail
systems
3537 Industrial trucks, tractors, trailers, and stackers
3541 Machine tools, metal cutting types
3542 Machine tools, metal forming types
3543 Industrial patterns
3544 Special dies and tools, die sets, jigs and fixtures,
and Industrial molds
3545 Cutting tools, machine tool accessories, and
machinists' measuring devices
3546 Power driven handlools
•DM* hdfcaM by DM«.*
C4
-------
SIC Codes 20-39
3547 Rolling mW machinery and equipment
3548 Electric and gas welding and soldering equipment
3549 Metalworking machinery, n.e.c.*
3552 Textile machinery
3553 Woodworking machinery
3554 Paper Industries machinery
3555 Printing trades machinery and equipment
3556 Food products machinery
3559 Special Industry machinery, n.e.c.*
3561 Pumps and pumping equipment
3562 Ball and roller bearings '
3563 Air and gas compressors
3564 Industrial and commercial fans and blowers and air
purification equipment
3565 Packaging equipment
3566 Speed changers, Industrial high speed drives, and
gears
3567 Industrial process furnaces and ovens
3568 Mechanfcalpowertransmissionequipment.n.©.c.*
3569 General industrial machinery and equipment, n.o.c.*
3571 Electronic computers
3572 Computer storage devices
3575 Computer terminals
3577 Computer peripheral equipment, n.e.c.*
3578 Calculating and accounting machines, except elec-
tronic computers
3579 Office machines, n.e.c.*
3581 Automatic vending machines
3582 Commercial laundry, dry cleaning, and pressing
machines
3585 Air conditioning and warm air heating equipment
and commercial and industrial refrigeration equip-
ment
3586 Measuring and dispensing pumps
3589 Service Industry machinery, n.e.c.*
3592 Carburetors, pistons, piston rings, and valves
3593 Fluid power cylinders and actuators
3594 Fluid power pumps and motors
3596 Scales and balances, except laboratory
3599 Industrial and commercial machinery and equip-
ment, n.e.c'
36 Electronic and Other Electrical Equipment and
Components, Except Computer Equipment
3612 Power, distribution, and specialty transformers
3613 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
3621 Motors and generators
3624 Carbon and graphite products
3625 Relays and industrial controls
3629 Electrical Industrial appliances, n.e.c.'
3631 Household cooking equipment
3632 Household refrigerators and home and farm
freezers
3633 Household laundry equipment
-Not eteowhwe dacOflod' (minted by *n.*.c.-
3634 Electrical housewares and fans
3635 Household vacuum cleaners
3639 Household appliances, n.e.c.*
3641 Electric lampbulbs and tubes
3643 Current carrying wiring devices
3644 Noncurrent carrying wiring devices
3645 Residential electric lighting fixtures
3646 Commercial, Industrial, and institutional electric
lighting fixtures
3647 Vehicular lighting equipment
3648 Lighting equipment, n.e.c.*
3651 Household audio and video equipment
3652 Phonographrecordsandpre-recordedaudiotapes
and disks
3661 Telephone and telegraph apparatus
3663 Radio and television broadcasting and communi-
cations equipment
3669 Communications equipment, n.e.c.*
3671 Electron tubes
3672 Printed circuit boards
3674 Semiconductors and related devices
3675 Electronic capacitors
3676 Electronic resistors
3677 Electronic coils, transformers, and other inductors
3678 Electronic connectors
3679 Electronic components, n.e.c.'
3691 Storage battertas
3692 Primary battertes, dry and wet
3694 Electric equipment for internal combustion
engines
3695 Magnetic and optical recording media
3699 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies,
n.e.c.*
37 Transportation Equipment
3711 Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies
3713 Truck and bus bodies
3714 Motor vehicle parts and accessories
3715 Truck trailers
3716 Motor homes
3721 Aircraft
3724 Aircraft engines and engine parts
3728 Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.*
3731 Ship building and repairing
3732 Boat building and repairing
3743 Railroad equipment
3751 Motorcycles, bicycles and parts
3761 Guided missiles and space vehicles
3764 Guided missile and space vehicle propulsion units
and propulsion unit parts
3769 Guided missilo and spaco vehicle parts and auxil-
iary equipment, n.e.c.*
3792 Travel trailers and campers
3795 Tanks and tank components
3799 Transportation equipment, n.e.c.*
C-5
-------
Appendix C
38 HUMUrlng, Analyzing, «nd Controlling Irwtnmwnti;
Photographic, Madlesl and Optical Good*; Watches
and Clocks
3812 Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronau-
tfeal. and nautical systems and Instruments
3821 Laboratory apparatus and furniture
3822 Automatic controls (or regulating residential and
commercial environments and appliances
3823 Industrial Instruments for measurement, display,
and control of process variables; and related
products
3824 Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices
3825 Instruments tor measuring and tasting of electricity
and electrical signals
3826 Laboratory analytical instruments
3827 Optical Instruments and lenses
3829 Measuring and controlling devices, n.e.c.*
3841 Surgical and medical instruments and apparatus
3842 Orthopidte. prosthetic, and surgical appliances
and supplies
3843 Dental equipment and supplies
3844 X-ray apparatus and tubes and related Irradiation
apparatus
3845 Etectromedteal and «tectroth8rapeu«c apparatus
3851 Ophthalmic goods
3861 Photographic equipment and supplies
3873 Watch«s.ckx*s.clockworkoperatedclevlces.and
parts
39 MIsMllansei. i Manufacturing Industrie*
3911 Jewelry, precious metal
3914 Silverware, plated ware, and stainless steel ware
3915 Jewelers'llndingsandmaterials.andlapidarywotk
3931 Musical Instruments
3942 Dolls and stuffed toys
3944 Games, toys and children's vehicles; except dolls
and bicycles
3949 Sporting and athletic goods, n.e.c.*
3951 Pens, mechanical pencils, and parts
3952 Lead pencils, crayons, and artists' materials
3953 Marking devices
3955 Carbon paper and inked ribbons
3961 Costume |ewelry and costume novelties, except
precious metal
3965 Fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins
3991 Brooms and brushes
3993 Signs and advertising specialties
3995 Burial caskets
3996 Linoleum, asphalted-felt-base, and other hard
surface floor coverings, n.e.c.*
3999 Manufacturing industries, n.e.c.*
••Not »te«wh«r« datsified'indfcalBd by •n.t.c.*
C-6
-------
SICCodes20-39
Abbreviated Names for Industrial Categories Used in This Report
SIC Code Abbreviated Name
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stone/Clay/Glass
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabricated Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical
37 Transportation
38 Measuring
39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Multiple SIC Codes (20-39)
No SIC Codes (20-39)
C-7
-------
-------
APPENDIX D
TRI State and
Regional Contaclts
D-l
-------
Appendix D
Alabama
E. John Williford, Chief of Operations
Alabama Emergency Response Commission
Alabama Department of Environmental Management
1751 Congressman W.L. Dickinson Drive
Montgomery, AL 36109
(205)271-7931
Alaska
Amy Skilbred
Alaska State Emergency Response Commission
P.O. Box O
Juneau,AK 99811-1800
(907)465-2630
American Samoa
Pati Faiai, Director
American Samoa EPA
Office of the Governor
Pago Pago, AS 96799
International Number (684) 633-2304
Arizona
Mr. Carl F. Funk, Executive Director
Arizona Emergency Response Commission
Division of Emergency Services
5636 East McDowell Road
Phoenix, AZ 85008
(602)231-6326
Arkansas
Anna Brannon
Depository of Documents
Arkansas Department of Labor
10421 West Markham
Little Rock, AR 72205
(501) 682-4541
California
Mr. Chuck Shulock
Office of Environmental Affairs
P.O. Box 2815
Sacramento, CA 95812
Attn: Section 313 Reports
(916)324-8124
(916) 322-7236 Completed Form R Information
Colorado
Colorado Emergency Planning Commission
Colorado Department of Health
4210 East llth Avenue
Denver, CO 80220
JudyWaddill
(303)331-4858
Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands
Mr. Frank Russell Meecham, III
Division of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 1304
Saipan,CNMI 96950
(670) 234-6984
Connecticut
Ms. Sue Vaughn, Title III Coordinator
State Emergency Response Commission
Department of Environmental Protection
State Office Building, Room 161
165 Capitol Avenue
Hartford, CT 06106
(203) 566-4856
Delaware
Mr. Robert French, Chief Program Administrator
Air Resource Section
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Control
89 King's Highway
P.O. Box 1401
Dover, DE 19903
(302) 739-4791
District of Columbia
Mr. Frank Jasmine
District of Columbia Emergency Response
Commission
Office of Emergency Preparedness
2000 14th Street, NW
Frank Reeves Center for Municipal Affairs
Washington, DC 20009
(202) 727-6161
D-2
-------
TRI State and Regional Contacts
Florida
Mr. Jim Lootnis
Florida Emergency Response Commission
Florida Department of Community Af fairs
2740 Centerview Drive
Tallahassee, FL 32399-2149
(904)488-1472
In Florida: 800-635-7179
Georgia
Mr. Jimmy Kirkland
Georgia Emergency Response Commission
205 Butler Street, SE
Floyd Tower East
llth Floor, Suite 1166
Atlanta, GA 30334
(404) 656-6905
Guam
Mr. Roland Solidio
Guam EPA
P.O. Box 2999
Aguana,GU96910
(671)646-8863
Hawaii
Mr. John C. Lewin, M.D., Chairman
Hawaii State Emergency Response Commission
Hawaii State Department of Health
P.O. Box 3378
Honolulu, HI 96801-9904
(808) 548-6505
Idaho
Idaho Emergency Response Commission
State House
Boise, ID 83720
Attn: Ms. Jenny Records
(208) 334-5888
Illinois
Mr. Joe Goodner
Emergency Planning Unit
Illinois EPA
P.O. Box 19276
2200 Churchill Road
Springfield, IL 62794-9276
(217) 782-3637
Indiana
Mr. Philip Powers, Director
Indiana Emergency Response Commission
5500 West Bradbury Avenue
Indianapolis, IN 46241
(317)243-5176
Iowa
Department of Natural Resources
Records Department
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, IA 50319
(515) 281-8852
Kansas
Right-to-Know Program
Kansas Department of Health and Environment
Mills Building, 5th Floor
109 S.W. 9th Street
Topeka, KS 66612
(913) 296-1690
Kentucky
Ms. Valerie Hudson
Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection
ISReillyRoad
Frankfort, KY 40601
(502) 564-2150
Louisiana
Mr. R. Bruce Hammatt
Emergency Response Coordinator
Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 44066
333 Laurel Street
Baton Rouge, LA 70804-4066
(504) 342-8617
Maine
Dorean Maines
State Emergency Response Commission
State House Station Number 11
157 Capitol Street
Augusta, ME 04333
(207) 289-4080
In Maine: 800-452-8735
D-3
-------
Appendix D
Maryland
Ms. Marsha Ways
State Emergency Response Commission
Maryland Department of the Environment
Toxics Information Center
2500 Broening Highway
Baltimore, MD 21224
(301)631-3800
Massachusetts
Mr. Anold Sapenter
c/o Title HI Emergency Response Commission
Department of Environmental Quality Engineering
One Winter Street, 10th floor
Boston, MA 02108
(617) 292-5993
Michigan
Title m Coodinator
Michigan Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Response Division
Title HI Notification
P.O. Box 30028
Lansing, MI 48909
(517) 373-8481
Minnesota
Mr. Lee Tishler, Director
Minnesota Emergency Response Commission
190 Bigelow Building
450 North Syndicate
St. Paul, MN 55104
(612) 643-3000
Mississippi
Mr. J.E. Maher, Chairman
Mississippi Emergency Response Commission
Mississippi Emergency Management Agency
P.O. Box 4501
Fondren Station
Jackson, MS 39296-4501
(601)960-9973
Missouri
Mr. Dean Martin, Coordinator
Missouri Emergency Response Commission
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
P.O. Box 3133
Jefferson City, MO 65102
(314)751-7929
Montana
Mr. Tom Ellerhoff, Co-Chairman
Montana Emergency Response Commission
Environmental Sciences Division
Department of Health & Environmental Sciences
Cogswell Building A-107
Helena, MT 59620
(406)444-6911
Nebraska
Mr. Clark Smith, Coordinator
Nebraska Emergency Response Commission
Nebraska Department of Environmental Control
P.O. Box 98922
State House Station
Lincoln, NE 68509-8922
(402)471-2186
Nevada
Mr. Bob King, Director
Division of Emergency Management
2525 South Carson Street
Carson City, NV 89710
(702) 885-4240
New Hampshire
Mr. George L. Iverson, Director
State Emergency Management Agency
Title III Program
State Office Park South
107 Pleasant Street
Concord, NH 03301
(603)271-2231
D-4
-------
TRI State and Regional Contacts
New Jersey
New Jersey Emergency Response Commission
SARA Title HI Section 313
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Environmental Quality
Bureau of Hazardous Substances Information
CN-405
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609) 292-6714
New Mexico
Mr. Samuel Larcombe
New Mexico Emergency Response Commission
New Mexico Department of Public Safety
P.O. Box 1628
Santa Fe,NM 87504-1628
(505) 827-9222
New York
New York Emergency Response Commission
New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation
Bureau of Spill Response
50 Wolf Road/Room 326
Albany, NY 12233-3510
(518)457-4107
North Carolina
North Carolina Emergency Response Commission
Norm Carolina Division of Emergency Management
116 West Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27603-1335
(919) 733-3867
North Dakota
SARA Title III Coordinator
North Dakota State Department of Health and
Consolidated Laboratories
1200 Missouri Avenue
P.O. Box 5520
Bismarck, ND 58502-5520
(701) 224-2374
Ohio
Ms. Cindy Sferra-DeWulf
Division of Air Pollution Control
1800 Watermark Drive
Columbus, OH 43215
(614) 644-2266
Oklahoma
Larry Gales
Oklahoma Department of Health
Environmental Health Services Division
P.O. Box 53551
Oklahoma City, OK 73152
(405) 271-8056
Oregon
Mr. Ralph M. Rodia
Oregon Emergency Response Commission
c/o State Fire Marshall
3000 Market Street Plaza
Suite 534
Salem, OR 97310
(503) 378-2885
Pennsylvania
Mr. James Tinney
Bureau of Right-to-Know
Room 1503
Labor and Industry Building
7th & Forrester Streets
Harrisburg, PA 17120
(701)783-2071
Puerto Rico
SERC Commissioner
Title III-SARA Section 313
Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board
P.O. Box 11488
Santurce,PR00910
(809) 722-0077
Rhode Island
Department of Environmental Management
Division of Air and Hazardous Materials
291 Promenade Street
Providence, RI02908
Attn: Toxic Release Inventory
(401) 277-2808
South Carolina
Mr. Ron Kinney
Department of Health and Environmental Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
(803) 734-5200
D-5
-------
Appendix D
South Dakota
Ms. Lee Ann Smith, Director
South Dakota Emergency Response Commission
Department of Water and Natural Resources
Joe Foss Building
523 East Capitol
Pierre, SD 57501-3181
(605)773-3153
Tennessee
Mr. Lacy Suiter, Chairman
Tennessee Emergency Response Commission
Director, Tennessee Emergency Management Agency
3041 Sidco Drive
Nashville, TN 37204
(615) 252-3300
1-800-262-3300 (in Tennessee)
1-800-258-3300 (out of state)
Texas
Mr. David Barker, Supervisor
Emergency Response Unit
Texas Water Commission
P.O. Box 13087-Capitol Station
Austin, TX 78711-3087
(512)463-8527
Utah
Mr. Neil Taylor
Utah Hazardous Chemical Emergency Response
Commission
Utah Division of Environmental Health
288 North 1460 West
P.O. Box 16690
Salt Lake City, UT 84116-0690
(801)538-6121
Vermont
Dr. Jan Carney, Commissioner
Department of Health
60 Main Street
P.O. Box 70
Burlington, VT 05402
(802) 863-7281
Virginia
Mr. Harry E. Gregori, Jr.
Virginia Emergency Response Council
Department of Waste Management
James Monroe Building, 14th Floor
101 North 14th Street
Richmond, VA 23219
(804) 225-2997
Virgin Islands
Mr. Allan D. Smith, Commissioner
Department of Planning and Natural Resources
U.S. Virgin Islands Emergency Response Commission
Title in
Nisky Center, Suite 231
Charlotte Amalie
St. Thomas, VI00802
(809) 774-3320/Ext. 169 or 170
Washington
Mr. Chuck Clark, Chairman
Department of Community Development
9th and Columbia Building
Mail Stop GH-51
Olympia,WA 98504
(206) 753-2200
West Virginia
Mr. Carl L. Bradford, Director
West Virginia Emergency Response Commission
West Virginia Office of Emergency Services
State Capital Building 1, Room EB-80
Charleston, WV 25305
(304) 348-5380
Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources
P.O. Box 7921
Madison, WI53707
Attn: Russ Dumst
(608) 266-9255
D-6
-------
TRI State and Regional Contacts
Wyoming
Mr. Ed Usui, Executive Secretary
Wyoming Emergency Response Commission
Wyoming Emergency Management Agency
Comprehensive Emergency Management
P.O. Box 1709
Cheyenne, WY 82003
(307) 777-7566
REGIONAL CONTACTS
Region 1
Pesticides & Toxics Branch
USEPA Region 1 (APT2311)
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-3230
Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Region 2
Pesticides & Toxics Branch
USEPA Region 2 (MS240)
Woodbridge Avenue, Building 209
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
(201) 906-6890
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
D-7
-------
Appendix D
Region 3
Toxics & Pesticides Branch
USEPA Region 3 (3HW42)
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215)597-1260
Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, District of Columbia
Region 4
Pesticides & Toxics Branch
USEPA Region 4
345 Courtland Street
Atlanta, GA 30365
(404) 347-1033
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee
Region 5
Pesticides & Toxic Substances Branch
USEPA Region 5 (5SPT-7)
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
(312)353-5907
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin
Region 6
Pesticides & Toxic Substances Branch
USEPA Region 6 (6TPT)
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
(214)655-7244
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
D-8
-------
TRI State and Regional Contacts
Region 7
Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Liaison
USEPA Region 7 (CIGL)
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
(913)551-7005
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
Region 8
Toxic Substances Branch
USEPA Region 8 (8AT-TS)
999 18th Street
Denver, CO 80202-2405
(303) 293-1730
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Region 9
Pesticides & Toxics Branch
USEPA Region 9 (A-4-3)
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 556-5387
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, American Samoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Region 10
Pesticides & Toxic Substances Branch
USEPA Region 10 (AT083)
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 442-4016
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
D-9
-------
-------
APPENDIX E
TRl Current Data for 19S7
E-l
-------
Appendix E
Land
11%
Underground
19%
Surface Water
6%
Public Sewage
9%
Off-site
18%
Current Data Total: 7.0 Billion Pounds
(a) Data as of April 19,1991, excluding delisted chemicals.
Figure E-1. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers, 1987 (Data as of April 19,1991, excluding delisting
chemicals).
URfeni of Pounds
3,000
Air Surface Water
ED Mimral Acids/Satis ^ Organics
Land Underground Public Sewage Off-site
• Halo-organics D Metals E3 Non-metals
Figure E-2. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1987 data as of
April 19,1991, excluding delisted chemicals.
E-2
-------
TRI Current Data for 1987
Table E-1. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by State, 1987 Current Data (a), Excluding Dellsted Chemicals.
TRI STATE
RELEASE/
TRANSFER
RANK
19 Alabama
34 Alaska
53 American Samoa
26 Arizona
24 Arkansas
11 California
40 Colorado
29 Connecticut
45 Delaware
54 District of Columbia
4 Florida
17 Georgia
48 Hawaii
42 Idaho
6 Illinois
8 Indiana
31 Iowa
20 Kansas
21 Kentucky
1 Louisiana
41 Maine
33 Maryland
25 Massachusetts
7 Michigan
27 Minnesota
16 Mississippi
14 Missouri
36 Montana
43 Nebraska
47 Nevada
44 New Hampshire
15 New Jersey
39 New Mexico
13 New York
18 North Carolina
52 North Dakota
3 Ohio
30 Oklahoma
35 Oregon
10 Pennsylvania
38 Puerto Rico
46 Rhode Island
23 South Carolina
49 South Dakota
5 Tennessee
2 Texas
9 Utah
50 Vermont
51 Virgin Islands
12 Virginia
32 Washington
28 West Virginia
22 Wisconsin
37 Wyoming
TOTAL
FACILITIES
Number
362
7
2
166
295
1,691
160
397
51
0
414
609
27
48
1,196
739
324
203
291
262
91
193
594
806
330
241
512
25
138
36
143
881
35
820
791
26
1344
193
200
1,029
161
177
377
34
503
1,021
101
51
1
398
315
109
672
25
19,617
FORMS
Number
1,409
51
3
507
916
5336
463
1329
221
0
1,169
1556
95
155
4,003
2,633
983
715
1,254
1,641
337
656
1,761
3,228
1,121
810
1,793
128
406
85
430
3,041
118
2,715
2,448
65
4518
641
627
3,737
507
478
1,476
69
1,708
4592
378
137
21
1335
980
614
2,088
113
68,800
AIR
Pounds
100,861,068
31307,268
27,750
17,448,171
49312,275
84306,716
10,164,949
27307391
6,671,802
0
50398,631
92,824,792
913,635
5348,238
103,756,449
112,110338
39,745,226
25380547
46330551
144,942,711
16,168,050
18,745,845
31,800,019
117,193,074
49371553
56,274,764
48,100,139
2,750,456
14,401389
776,864
12,896,276
43,961,492
3,895,129
97,417,816
98,024,159
737,474
140,260,887
36,125,483
20,353337
93,223,626
12,951356
7,627,621
66384,787
2,496,933
136,361,752
221,664,175
84334,191
1,236,903
2,032,803
139,001399
28337,220
39,730,884
49,456,964
2307,324
2,646362,852
SURFACE
WATER
Pounds
14,177,656
6,727,915
0
2,750
5,411,241
23,820585
234,128
9,143,021
1336,001
0
19351562
9335,463
23,750
551,799
13,822,985
5512,105
1,411,368
1309,863
1320,087
196,201,277
913,096
10,040,652
540,208
1,190,058
2,773,601
3,602,529
2,034,160
136,622
1,741,506
0
882,792
1,722,653
4316
2,835,823
1353,017
3,600
8,027,478
424,809
371,720
6,059,925
298,152
57,739
1,755,805
3,698
13355597
5,468,644
122304
102,199
3,250
21,073595
9,257,413
2317,586
1,475,787
91,487
411,337,177
LAND
Pounds
6,034,927
13530
0
48,176,251
1324,278
12,098,930
5,243,113
1,147,985
340376
0
180,906546
8364,267
235342
13,799349
10386,793
23527,105
402,402
346399
3,646,945
1347,797
320332
2,110,812
786,077
2319,878
754,649
9350,883
49300,119
31,414,887
367,880
2,437,330
606,419
1543341
17,219,765
5337,039
15,435,141
94300
29,185,878
1,056,834
1,429,422
13,017,871
72,100
67321
1,479,839
9
18,008,839
33,727328
162,968,038
55,908
87,005
5,182,036
1343,543
8389,181
1,871,681
410,165
736,695385
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds
1,428,391
0
0
0
9,416,199
1,657,770
1,250
0
250
0
22372,490
19300
1,074,340
0
13,417347
32576,624
0
65,957,410
25,000,250
484,943,681
0
750
250
6,054,430
0
43,614,250
1,035,570
0
0
0
0
530
0
250
0
0
64527,648
6575,441
0
16,250
988
0
750
0
69,037,418
438,025,408
3
0
0
250
250
319,219
1300
30,651,671
1319,128,528
(a) Data as of April 19, 1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
E-3
-------
Appendix E
Table E-1. continued.
TRI
RELEASE/
TRANSFER
RANK
19
34
S3
26
24
11
40
29
45
54
4
17
48
42
6
8
31
20
21
1
41
33
25
7
27
16
14
36
43
47
44
15
39
13
18
52
3
30
35
10
38
46
23
49
5
2
9
50
51
12
32
28
22
37
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Pounds
1,222,542
0
0
5,749,369
1,162,413
50.170,833
1,498,919
2,623,362
2,922,517
0
17,336,168
9,663,487
931,250
346,894
70,220,823
16,621,024
6,239,644
4333,816
2,839,703
369,285
1,154,797
6319,469
12,591,544
15,287,530
6,637,179
5,817,590
62,553,271
1,087
708,592
31,906
887^57
51,537,629
33,793
24,896,667
6,163,858
92,226
43,584,915
600,666
8,679,082
13,913,908
5,696,673
2355,280
2,589,918
147,151
33,844,028
55,884^74
480,244
124,424
0
45,113,583
926,935
3,183,859
14,680,941
0
620,972,725
OFF-SITE
Pounds
16,180,171
139
0
1,988,411
14,604331
58,068,554
3,540,690
20,993,018
3,407,854
0
13,637,265
24,198,741
11,991
188,958
61,264,981
67359,231
6,812,388
37,868,127
43,406,486
29,020,536
1,763,956
6,203,548
28,873,068
126,692361
7,268,527
46,028,607
17,620,455
167,082
2,455,106
153,643
4,006,866
75,530360
622,055
61,824,236
20,161,281
147,733
135,270,536
11,913,495
6,178,265
104,683,170
4,866,429
4,611,226
15,439,698
445,610
22,760,633
102,162,286
4,197,724
673394
0
16,860395
4,913,897
11326376
28,136,800
36,483
1,276,547,173
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
139,904,755
38,049.252
27,750
73364,952
81,430,737
230,123,788
20,683,049
61,414,977
14,879,000
0
304,203,462
144,406,250
3,190,308
20,235,238
273,069,578
258,906,627
54,611,028
135,396,762
122,744,422
857,025,287
20320,231
43,621,076
74,591,166
268,937331
66,805,909
164,688,623
180,643,714
34,470,134
19,674,673
3399,743
19,279,910
174,696,005
21,775,058
192,511,831
141,337,456
1,075,533
421,257342
57,096,728
37,012,026
230,914,750
23,885,898
14,719,187
87,650,797
3,093,401
293,568,667
856,932,215
252,302,704
2,192,828
2,123,058
227,231,658
44,979,258
65,467,105
95,623,673
33,697,130
7,011,244,040
Percent
2.00
0.54
0.00
1.05
1.16
3.28
0.29
0.88
0.21
0.00
4.34
2.06
0.05
0.29
3.89
3.69
0.78
1.93
1.75
12.22
0.29
0.62
1.06 '
3.84
0.95
2.35
2.58
0.49
0.28
0.05
0.27
2.49
0.31
2.75
2.02
0.02
6.01
0.81
0.53
3.29
0.34
0.21
1.25
0.04
4.19
12.22
3.60
0.03
0.03
3.24
0.64
0.93
1.36
0.48
100.00
E-4
-------
TRI Current Data for 1987
Table E-2. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1987 Currant Data (a), Excluding Dallstod Chemicals.
TRI
RELEASE/
TRANSFER
RANK
14
21
13
22
19
15
4
12
1
9
8
18
16
2
6
11
7
5
10
17
3
20
SIC
CODE
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
(a) Data as of April
INDUSTRY FACILITIES
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
TOTAL
Number
1,337
21
397
27
609
401
585
313
3,815
341
1,250
127
530
1,423
2,590
869
1,529
973
331
361
1,378
410
19,617
FORMS
Number
2,523
55
860
48
1,688
1,455
2,164
620
19,203
2,967
2,989
435
1,409
5,455
7,630
2,246
4,747
4,402
1,002
910
4,793
1,199
68,800
19, 199 1, the version of the database used in this
AIR
Pounds
17,660,022
5,946,080
40,756,149
2,380,681
27,859,116
56,318,614
232,792,610
61,131,060
918,123,174
68,037,598
155,709,518
14,829,932
27,098,412
207,519,732
119,318,295
52,973,972
120,720,875
216,311,572
53,850,639
27,131,173
206,308,296
13,785,332
2,646,562,852
SURFACE
WATER
Pounds
2,922,970
134,850
7,648,032
42,810
57,682
42,194
62,693,705
3,526
290,843,705
4,920,917
357,085
535,107
680,747
25,812,806
3,009;283
380,334
1,104,629
546,128
463,907
167,302
8,274,176
695,282
411,337,177
LAND
Pounds
6,281,645
459
320,007
0
123,063
36,165
14,893,746
253
242,627,310
8,872,968
196,029
277,433
3,245,294
412,005,410
3,121,137
295,324
4,577,873
1,617,671
252,566
247,123
37,348,081
356,028
736,695,585
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds
998,660
0
0
0
0
0
30,144
0
1,040,672,461
18,597,002
50,050
0
6,319,000
33,919,040
1,261,432
0
81,736
39,907
0
250
217,093,134
65,712
1,319,128,528
1989 National Report.
E-5
-------
Appendix E
Table E-2. continued.
TRI SIC
RELEASE/ CODE
TRANSFER
RANK
14
21
13
22
19
15
4
12
1
9
8
IS
16
2
6
11
7
5
10
17
3
20
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
INDUSTRY
Food
Tobacco
• Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical
Transportation
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
TOTAL
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Pounds
34,779,656
989,740
13,688,044
119481
140,554
543,685
52,71 1,333
2,689,383
363,538,293
8,116,717
8,537,895
13,283,248
1,657,928
17,895,339
27,984,167
3,055,982
20,916,023
8,319,063
5,967,155
1,221,205
31,847,270
2,970,464
620,972,725
OFF-SITE
Pounds
3,857,717
197,496
5,376,955
166,763
4,160,079
8,225,894
32,027,213
7,376,408
461,126,941
68,141,248
29,586,442
3,651,548
20,054,349
261,120,069
86,712,590
21,125,948
75,128,200
74,055,263
18,261,435
8,239,088
81,896,474
6,059,053
U76.547.173
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
66,500,670
7,268,625
67,789,187
2,709,835
32^40,494
65,166,552
395,148,751
71,200,630
3,316,931,884
176,686,450
194,437,019
32477,268
59,055,730
958,272,396
241,406,904
77,831,560
222,529,336
300,889,604
78,795,702
37,006,141
582,767,431
23,931,871
7,011,244,040
Percent
0.95
0.10
0.97
0.04
0.46
0.93
5.64
1.02
47.31
2.52
2.77
0.46
0.84
13.67
3.44
1.11
3.17
4.29
1.12
0.53
8.31
0.34
100.00
E-6
-------
TRI Current Data for 1987
Table E-3. Environmental Distribution of the 25 Chemicals with the Largest TRI Releases and Transfers,
1987 Current Data (a), Excluding Delisted Chemicals.
TEH
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
CHEMICAL
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Sulfuric acid
Ammonia
Toluene
Phosphoric acid
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Zinc compounds
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Copper
Dichloromethane
Carbon disulfide
Chlorine
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Zinc (fume or dust)
Nitric acid
Freon 113
Trichloroethylene
Ethylene
Manganese compounds
Glycol ethers
Ethylene gly col
AIR
Pounds
6,470,163
64,417,249
211,568,824
16,678,968
287,353,133
285,384,796
1,651,343
195,584,591
148,666,661
151,527,227
5,887,075
162,848,874
2,639,032
130,129,610
135,876,192
107,153,510
6,834,968
4,575,397
4,477,037
56,519,296
53,405,029
61,589,765
1,977,281
42^81,724
15,291,337
SURFACE
WATER
Pounds
96,777,491
8,789,928
27,017,255
52,489,868
31,444,530
344,946
139,524,150
2,043,701
295,976
75,857
1,652,009
39,054
216,247
377,292
22,790
8,012,291
12,140,004
457,163
1,940,396
26,587
31,551
12,686
1,596,609
145,222
4,380,513
LAND
Pounds
7,324,758
7,924,751
16,514,021
11,180,079
5,797,598
1,575,107
185,079,516
310,647
513,731
59,765
106,399,881
198,855
138,344,788
85,621
3,480
1,180,442
14,154,899
47,082,116
1,289,719
21,996
73,283
7,436
33,777,635
28,654
726,202
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds
504,017,819
413,259,594
19,614,954
134,801,901
49,647,700
1,516,944
58,504
2,449,563
686,392
75,250
706,916
28,325
453,140
559,750
89,500
83,939
58,599,399
189,574
25,153,042
617
18,720
0
8,501,300
210,580
4,843,362
SUBTOTAL
2,160,889,082
389,854,116
579,654,980
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS 485,673,770 21,483,061 157,040,605
GRAND TOTAL 2,646,562,852 411,337,177 736,695,585
(a) Data as of April 19, 1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
1,225,566,785
93,561,743
1,319,128,528
E-7
-------
Appendix E
Table E-3. continued.
TRI CHEMICAL
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Mcthanol
Sulfuric acid
Ammonia
Toluene
Phosphoric acid
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Zinc compounds
1,1,1-Trichloro ethane
Copper
Dichloromethane
Carbon disulfide
Chlorine
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Zinc (fume or dust)
Nitric acid
Freon 113
Trichloroethylene
Ethylcne
Manganese compounds
Glycol ethers
Ethylcne glycol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Pounds
190,374,069
44,849,423
129,502,731
75,582,395
27,929,469
3,562,015
12,575,875
14,351,807
4,308,538
719,635
3,033,677
421,029
577,182
1,820,550
180,511
3,257,502
9,813,639
784,851
28,830,333
104,851
130,586
250
600,211
6,351,233
17,319,647
576,982,009
43,990,716
620,972,725
OFF-SITE
Pounds
14,847,508
90,189,215
71,362,596
170,447,425
5,704,654
81,840,253
10,260,936
42,996,902
57,542,765
47,764,337
76,663,008
30,726,146
29,557,508
25,003,768
251,400
1,925,504
12,080,269
47,621,573
25,792,757
9,172,677
10,402,201
58,936
14,866,491
11,212,231
8,234,710
896,525,770
380,021,403
1,276,547,173
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
819,811,808
629,430,160
475,580,381
461,180,636
407,877,084
374,224,061
349,150,324
257,737,211
212,014,063
200,222,071
194,342,566
194,262,283
171,787,897
157,976,591
136,423,873
121,613,188
113,623,178
100,710,674
87,483,284
65,846,024
64,061,370
61,669,073
61,319,527
60,329,644
50,795,771
5,829,472,742
1,181,771,298
7,011,244,040
11.69
8.98
6.78
6.58
5.82
5.34
4.98
3.68
3.02
2.86
2.77
2.77
2.45
2.25
1.95
1.73
1.62
1.44
1.25
0.94
0.91
0.88
0.87
0.86
0.72
83.14
16.86
100.00
E-8
-------
TRI Current Data for 1987
Table E-4. Environmental Distribution of TRI Releases and Transfers by Chemical Class, 1987 Current Data (a),
Excluding Delisted Chemicals.
CHEMICAL CLASS
Organics
Mineral Acids/Salts
Metals
Halo-organics
Non-metals
Mixtures
Trade Secrets
AIR
Pounds
1,582,562,638
114,210357
31,234,774
507,121,928
407,935,418
3,128,634
368,903
SURFACE
WATER
Founds
40,632,625
311,946383
6,130,450
2,464,830
50,141,778
13,051
8,050
LAND
Pounds
25,731,840
227,544,853
454,627,597
700,959
27,506,403
583,933
0
UNDER-
GROUND
Pounds
111,971,298
1,141,785,522
10,680,110
3,137,503
51,538,095
16,000
0
PUBLIC
SEWAGE
Pounds
206,766,648
364,247,603
10,449,688
6,922,356
31,635,958
566,063
384,409
OFF-SITE
Pounds
437,520,543
333,924,766
340,959,727
122,742,192
27,800,056
13,404,239
195,650
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
2,405,185,592 34.30
2,493,659,684 35.57
854,082356 12.18
643,089,768 2.77
596,557,708 8.51
17,711,920 0.25
957,012 0.01
TOTAL 2,646,562,852 411,337,177 736,695,585 1319,128,528
(a) Data as of April 19,1991, the version of the database used in this 1989 National Report.
620,972,725 1,276,547,173 7,011,244,040 100.00
E-9
-------
Appendix E
Table E-5. Top 50 Facilities for TRI Total Releases and Transfers, 1987 Current Data (a), Excluding Dellsted Chemicals.
TRI SIC
RANK CODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
28
Mult
28
33
28
28
28
33
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
33
29
Mult
33
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
28
28
28
28
38
26
28
28
28
28
36
28
28
FACILITY NAME
American Cyanamid Company
Shell Oil Company
Monsanto Company
Kennecott Utah Copper
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Du Pont Beaumont Works
BP Chemicals
Amax Magnesium
Dn Pont Johnsonville Plant
Royster Company
BP Chemicals America Inc.
Vulcan Chemicals
FreeportMcMoran, Agrico Chemical Div,
Arcadian Corporation
FreeportMcMoran, Agrico Chemical Div,
Avtex Fibers Front Royal Inc.
Allied-Signal, Hopewell Plant
Columbian Chemicals Company
Du Pont Ddisle Plant
Courtaulds North America Inc.
Tennessee Eastman Company
Sterling Chemicals, Inc.
Herculaneum Smelter
Monsanto Company
Asarco Incorporated
Amerada Hess Corporation
Inland Steel Company
Asarco Incorporated
Wycon Chemical Company
Racon Incorporated
Unocal Chemicals Division
BASF Corporation
DuPont
Air Products Mfg. Corp.
El Paso Products Co.
Great Lakes Division
Ciba-Geigy Corporation
Du Pont Louisville Works
Filtrol Corporation
Triad Chemical
Monsanto Company
Kodak Park
riTRayonierlhc.
W.R. Grace & Co.
The Upjohn Company
Conserv, Inc.
Allied Signal, Inc.
3M Mag Media and Consumer Products
BASF Corp. Fibers Div.
CF Industries, Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
CTTY
Westwego
Norco
Alvin
Bingham Canyon
White Springs
Beaumont
PortLavaca
Rowley
New Johnsonville
Mulberry
Lima
Wichita-
. Uncle Sam
Geismar
. Saint James
Front Royal
Hopewell
St. Louis
Pass Christian
Lemoyne
Kingsport
Texas City
Herculaneum
Cahokia
Hayden
Purvis
East Chicago
East Helena
Cheyenne
Wichita
Kenai
Geismar
Victoria
Pasadena
Odessa
Ecorse
Glens Falls
Louisville
Vernon
Donaldsonville
Cantonment
Rochester
Femandina Beach
Sulphur
Portage
Nichols
Elizabeth
Hutchinson
Lowland
Donaldsonville
COUNTY
Jefferson
St Charles
Brazoria
Salt Lake
Hamilton
Jefferson
Calhoun
Tooele
Humphreys
Polk
Allen
Sedgwick
St James
Ascension
St James
Warren
Hopewell City
St Louis
Harrison
Mobile
Sullivan
Galveston
Jefferson
StClair
Gila
Lamar
Lake
Lewis And Clar
Laramie
Sedgwick
Kenai Peninsul
Ascension
Victoria
Harris
Ector
Wayne
Warren
Jefferson
Los Angeles
Ascension
Escambia
Monroe
Nassau
Calcasieu
Kalamazoo
Polk
Union
McLeod
Hamblen
Ascension
STATE
LA
LA
TX
UT
FL
TX
TX
UT
TN
FL
OH
KS
LA
LA
LA
VA
VA
MO
MS
AL
TN
TX
MO
IL
AZ
MS
IN
MT
WY
KS
AK
LA
TX
TX
TX
MI
NY
KY
CA
LA
FL
NY
FL
LA
MI
EL
NJ
MN
TN
LA
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
213,444402
194,233,955
175,647,400
158,669,750
92,240300
85,470,600
77,774400
76,992,400
72,474,201
72,028,250
67392,200
67,289,968
64,415,618
59323,250
59,083352
54,032,900
49,840,052
48,914,262
46396,867
43,139315
43,068,430
40,660,400
38,847364
38,672450
36,423,780
35,906,600
31,466,950
31,431411
31324,901
30,738,632
30,416,150
29,881,283
29471,474
28,802400
28,610,810
27,652318
27353450
26,113,000
26,035,250
25,669,234
23,890450
23,212,446
22,129,250
21,974323
21483,050
20,101371
19,489,119
18385427
17,218,950
16,935,750
2,622370,665
4388,873,375
7,011,244,040
3.04
2.77
2.51
2.26
1.32
1.22
1.11
1.10
1.03
1.03
0.96
0.96
0.92
0.85
0.84
0.77
0.71
0.70
0.66
0.62
0.61
0.58
0.55
0.55
0.52
0.51
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.44
0.43
0.43
0.42
0.41
0.41
0.39
0.39
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.34
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.31
0.29
0.28
0.26
0.25
0.24
37.40
62.60
100.00
(a) Data as of April 1 9, 199 1 , the version of the database used in this 1 989 National Report.
E-10
-------
APPENDIX F
TRI Facilities with the Greatest TRI
Amounts, 1989, and with the Greatest
Changes, 1988-1989
F-l
-------
Appendix F
Table F-1. The Top 50 TRI Facilities for Total Air Emissions, 1989.
TRI SIC
RANK CODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
33
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
38
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
33
28
30
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
26
Mult
28
28
28
30
28
28
28
26
37
Mult
28
26
28
28
28
None
26
28
Mult
38
FACILITY- NAME
Magnesium Coip. of America
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Tennessee Eastman Co.
3M Consumer AV & Consumer Prod.
Triad Chemical
BASF Corp.
Union Oil Co.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Freeport Mcmoran, Agrico Chem. Div.
Union Camp Corp.
Mississippi Chemical Corp.
Hoechst Celanese
Agricultural Minerals Corp.
CF Industries Inc.
Westvaco Coip
Union Carbide Chemicals
Reynolds Metals Co.
Du Pont
Westinghouse Electric Corp.
GE Plastics
Texas Eastman Co.
Royster Co.
Dow Chemical Co.
The Upjohn Co.
3MCo.
DuPont
Eli Lilly & Co.
Farmland Industries Inc.
Westvaco Coip.
Shell Oil Co.
Royster Phosphates Inc.
Du Pont Delisle Plant
North American Rayon Corp.
General Electric Co.
American Synthetic Rubber
Air Products & Chemicals Inc.
Union Caibide C&P Co.
Georgia Pacific Coip.
Honda of America Mfg. Inc.
Anchor Continental Inc.
Cabot Corp.
3M
Farmland Industries Inc.
Hoechst Celanese Corp.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
Oxychem
3MCo.
Amoco Chemical Co.
Du Pont
3M Co. Visual Systems Div.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
CITY
Tooele
Axis
Kingsport
Hutchinson
Donaldsonville
Lowland
Kenai
Rochester
Donaldsonville
Savannah
Yazoo City
Narrows
Blytheville
Donaldsonville
Covington
Texas City
Sheffield
New Johnsonville
Hampton
Mount Vemon
Longview
Mulbeny
Freeport
Kalamazoo
Brownwood
Leland
Shadeland
Coffeyville
Luke
Deer Park
Palmetto
Pass Christian
Elizabethton
Coshocton
Louisville
Calvert City
Institute
Brunswick
Marysville
Columbia
Tuscola
Saint Paul
Enid
Rock Hill
Syracuse
Niagara Falls
Knoxville
Alvin
Memphis
Hartford City
STATE
UT
AL
TN
MN
LA
TN
AK
NY
LA
GA
MS
VA
AR
LA
VA
TX
AL
TN
SC
IN
TX
FL
TX
MI
TX
NC
IN
KS
MD
TX
FL
MS
TN
OH
KY
KY
WV
GA
OH
SC
IL
MN
OK
SC
NY
NY
IA
TX
TN
IN
AIR RELEASES
Pounds Percent
119,060,170
43,674,070
40,951,167
25,66 1,502
25,279,885
23,879450
18,308,500
16,794,179
16,223,250
13,190,000
12,947,936
11,924,204
11,384,750
11,013,000
9,927,500
8,519,845
8,133,150
7,980,595
7,893,220
7,618,722
7,500,182
7,048,646
6,999,041
6,878,820
6^86,700
6,102,505
6,055,905
5,873,891
5,832,535
5^45,145
5443,000
5,496,507
5,486,250
5,469,646
5,418,775
5,141,950
4,985,619
4,876,930
4,876,178
4,689,420
4,623,493
4493,465
4,582,250
4,536,149
4409,613
4400,114
4,325,372
4,174,193
4,136,425
4,129,600
600,883414
1,826,178,392
2,427,061,906
4.91
1.80
1.69
1.06
1.04
0.98
0.75
0.69
0.67
0.54
043
0.49
0.47
0.45
0.41
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.33
0.31
0.31
0.29
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.17
24.76
75.24
100.00
F-2
-------
TRI Facilities, 1988 and 1989
Table F-2. The Top 50 TRI Facilities for Discharges to Surface Water, 1989.
TRI
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
SIC
CODE
28
28
28
28
26
33
26
26
26
26
28
28
26
28
Mult
28
28
28
26
28
33
28
28
28
Mult
26
28
28
Mult
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
26
Mult
28
28
33
28
28
28
20
26
26
28
24
30
FACILITY NAME
Arcadian Corp.
3M
Freeport McMoran, Agrico Chem. Div.
Allied Signal
Weyerhaeuser Co.
US Vanadium Corp.
ITTRayonierlnc.
ITT Rayonier Inc.
Louisiana-Pacific Corp.
Simpson Paper Co.
Monsanto Co.
Pfizer Inc.
Ketchikan Pulp Co.
Tennessee Eastman Co.
Elkem Metals Co.
Eli Lilly & Co.
W. R. Grace & Co.
DSM Chemicals Augusta Inc.
Inland Container Corp.
W. R. Grace & Co. -Conn.
LTV Steel Co. Inc.
Melamine Chemicals Inc.
Mississippi Chemical Corp.
Arcadian Corp.
Inland Steel Co.
Alaska Pulp Corp.
Arcadian Corp.
CF Industries Inc.
3M Chemolite Center
Triad Chemical
ICI Americas Inc
FIT Rayonier Inc.
Ireco Inc. - Lomo Plant
American Chrome & Chemicals
Mobil Minning & Minerals Co.
Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corp.
Union Camp Corp.
Phillips 66 Co.
Dow Chemical Co.
Cedar Chemical Corp.
USS Gary Works
Agrico Chemical Co.
Du Pont Belle Plant
Freeport Mcmoran, Agrico Chem. Div.
Cargill Inc.
International Paper
International Paper Co.
TVA National Fertilizer
Wood Fiber Industries
Viskase Corp.
CITY
Geismar
Cordova
Uncle Sam
Hopewell
Cosmopolis
Hot Springs
Femandina Beach
Port Angeles
Samoa
Eureka
Decatur
Groton
Ketchikan
Kingsport
Marietta
Shadeland
Sulphur
Augusta
New Johnsonville
Baltimore
Cleveland
Donaldsonville
Yazoo City
Port Wentworth
East Chicago
Sitka
Augusta
Donaldsonville
Cottage Grove
Donaldsonville
Dighton
Hoquiam
Louisiana
Corpus Christ!
Pasadena
Trona
Franklin
Borger
Freeport
Vicksburg
Gary
Hahnville
Belle
Donaldsonville
Eddyville
Mobile
Moss Point
Muscle Shoals
Danville
Osceola
STATE
LA
IL
LA
VA
WA
AR
FL
WA
CA
CA
AL
CT
AK
TN
OH
IN
LA
GA
TN
MD
OH
LA
MS
GA
IN
AK
GA
LA
MN
LA
MA
WA
MO
TX
TX
CA
VA
TX
TX
MS
IN
LA
WV
LA
IA
AL
MS
AL
VA
AR
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
SURFACE WATER
DISCHARGES
Pounds Percent
22,400,250
14,600,000
13332,100
9,334,845
8,193,150
7,801,550
5,884,740
5418,500
5,012,400
4,496,650
4,319,560
4,197,160
4,164,000
3,021,104
2,490,864
2,385,777
2,104,800
1,968,969
1,691,804
1,614,050
1,572,602
1,229,965
1,228,487
1,200,000
1,014,750
1,011,976
912,380
903,150
902,120
872,161
806,400
800,500
784,400
754,250
744,600
737431
737,210
715,472
709,917
706,832
705,100
676,000
648,677
638,000
625,000
624,250
595,000
555,000
550^32
531,700
149,026,235
39,927,649
188,953,884
11.85
7.73
7.06
4.94
4.34
4.13
3.11
2.92
2.65
2.38
2.29
2.22
2.20
1.60
1.32
1.26
1.11
1.04
0.90
0.85
0.83
0.65
0.65
0.64
0.54
0.54
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.46
0.43
0.42
0.42
0.40
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.38
0.38
0.37
0.37
0.36
0.34
0.34
0.33
0.33
0.31
0.29
0.29
0.28
78.87
21.13
100.00
F-3
-------
Appendix F
Table F-3. The Top 50 TRI Facilities for On-site Land Releases, 1989.
TRI SIC FACILITY NAME
RANK CODE
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
SO
Mult
33
33
33
33
28
33
33
33
28
33
33
Mult
28
28
Mult
Mult
33
33
33
33
28
33
33
28
33
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
26
26
33
33
28
33
33
33
33
33
28
28
33
28
Inland Steel Co.
Asarco Inc.
Phelps Dodge Mining Co.
Herculaneum Smelter
Asarco Inc.
Texasgulflnc.
Kcnnecott Utah Copper
Copper Range Co.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
American Chrome & Chemicals
USSFairless Works
Asarco Inc.
Elkcm Metals Co.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
ICerr-Mcgee Chemical Corp.
IMC Fertilizer Inc.
GMC, Saginaw Grey Iron Plant
CMC, Central Boundary Div.
Chino Mines Co.
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
Agrico Chemical Co.
Northwestern Steel & Wire Co.
Republic Engineered Steels Inc
Kerr Mcgee Vanadium Facility
Granite City Steel
Conserv Inc.
FMC Corp.
Climax Chemical Co.
Seminole Fertilizer Corp.
Royster Co.
Royster Phosphates Inc.
Molycorp. Inc.
Chemetals Inc.
Jersey Miniere Zinc
LCP Chemicals
Nekoosa Packaging
Stone Southwest Corp.
Warren Consolidated Industries
Armco Steel Co. L.P.
Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corp.
Structural Metals Inc.
Shieldalloy Metallurgical
US Vanadium Corp.
Bethlehem Steel Corp.
Johnstown Corp.
BASF Corp.
Eli Lilly & Co.
Bethlehem Steel Corp.
US Agri-Chemicals Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
CITY STATE
East Chicago
East Helena
Playas
Herculaneum
Hayden
Aurora
Bingham Canyon
White Pine
Claypool
Corpus Christ!
Fairless Hills
Glover
Marietta
Castle Hayne
White Springs
Hamilton
Mulberry
Saginaw
Defiance
Hurley
Follansbee
Mulberry
Sterling
Canton
Soda Springs
Granite City
Nichols
Pocatello
Monument
Bartow
Mulberry
Palmetto
Mountain Pass
NewJohnsonville
Clarksville
Moundsville
Tomahawk
Snowfiake
Warren
Middletown
Henderson
Seguin
Newfield
Hot Springs
Sparrows Point
Johnstown
Lowland
Shadeland
Bethlehem
Fort Meade
IN
MT
NM
MO
AZ
NC
UT
MI
AZ
TX
PA
MO
OH
NC
FL
MS
FL
MI
OH
NM
WV
FL
IL
OH
ID
IL
FL
ID
NM
FL
FL
FL
CA
TN
TN
WV
WI
AZ
OH
OH
NV
TX
NJ
AR
MD
PA
TN
IN
PA
FL
LAND RELEASES
Pounds Percent
44,826,050
36,425,460
20,353,549
16,678,414
15,749,150
15,541,950
14,902,650
14,300,000
13,658,434
12,000,000
9,900,108
9,777,313
9,640,094
8,800,275
8,600,000
8,473,000
8,200,250
7,798,550
7,741,250
7,234,500
7,172,820
5,260,000
4,820,000
4,655,400
3,971,790
3,450,003
3,390,000
3,350,652
3,247,000
2,901,262
2,855,000
2,846,000
2,840,700
2,761,277
2,660,436
2,483,609
2,408,800
2,373,038
2,236,800
2,196,550
2,046,600
2,033,300
2,007,400
1,994,000
1,854,351
1,782,090
1,730,000
1,717,777
1,682,230
1,665,294
376,995,176
67,741,374
444,736,550
10.08
8.19
4.58
3.75
3.54
3.49
3.35
3.22
3.07
2.70
2.23
2.20
2.17
1.98
1.93
1.91
1.84
1.75
1.74
1.63
1.61
1.18
1.08
1.05
0.89
0.78
0.76
0.75
0.73
0.65
0.64
0.64
0.64
0.62
0.60
0.56
0.54
0.53
0.50
0.49
0.46
0.46
0.45
0.45
0.42
0.40
0.39
0.39
0.38
0.37
84.77
15.23
100.00
F-4
-------
TRI Facilities, 1988 and 1989
Table F-4. The Top 50 TRI Facilities for Discharges to Underground Injection Wells, 1989.
TRI
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
SIC
CODE
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
28
28
Mult
28
29
29
28
28
28
Mult
32
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
28
29
33
28
28
28
28
33
33
Mult
28
28
28
28
29
28
28
FACILITY NAME
Monsanto Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
Vulcan Chemicals
Du Pont Beaumont Works
BP Chemicals
BP Chemicals Inc.
DuPont
BASF Corp.
Du Pont
Du PontDelisle Plant
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. (a)
Du Pont Victoria Site
Monsanto Co.
National Steel Corp.
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
Coastal Chem Inc.
Du Pont Sabine River Works
Star Enterprise
Hoechst Celanese Chemical
Amoco Oil Co.
Citgo Petroleum Corp.
Great Lakes Chemical Co.
Cabot Corp.
Witco Corp.
Inland Steel Co.
Harshaw Chemical Co.
ICI Americas Inc.
Angus Chemical Co.
Uniroyal Chemical Co. Inc.
Agricultural Minerals Corp.
Celanese Engineering Resins
Armco Steel Co. L.P.
The Upjohn Co.
Rubicon Inc.
Mobil Oil Corp.
Asarco Inc.
Monsanto Co.
GAP Chemicals Corp.
Meridiem Co.
DuPont
LTV Steel Co.
Bethlehem Steel Corp.
Shell Oil Co.
Cominco American Inc.
Jetco Chemicals
Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
Ethyl Corp.
Texaco Refining & Marketing
Hoechst Celanese Chemical
Aristech Chemical Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
CITY
Alvin
Westwego
Wichita
Beaumont
PortLavaca
Lima
New Johnsonville
Geismar
Louisville
Pass Christian
Mulberry
Victoria
Cantonment
Portage
Texas City
Cheyenne
Orange
Convent
Pasadena
Texas City
Lake Charles
El Dorado
Tuscola
Hahnville
East Chicago
Jackson
Mount Pleasant
Sterlington
Geismar
Verdigris
Bishop
Middletown
Kalamazoo
Geismar
Chalmette
Amarillo
Luling
Texas City
Houston
La Porte
Hennepin
Chesterton
Norco
Borger
Corsicana
El Dorado
Magnolia
Bakersfield
Bay City
Haverhill
STATE
TX
LA
KS
TX
TX
OH
TN
LA
KY
MS
EL
TX
FL
IN
TX
WY
TX
LA
TX
TX
LA
AR
IL
LA
IN
MS
TN
LA
LA
OK
TX
OH
MI
LA
LA
TX
LA
TX
TX
TX
IL
IN
LA
TX
TX
AR
AR
CA
TX
OH
UNDERGROUND
INJECTION
Pounds Percent
205,817,600
191,404,650
91,513,565
83,664,740
65,251,083
52,932,250
49,000,000
39,000,260
39,000,000
37,000,000
32,013,400
30,674,348
23,646,078
23,477,945
19,009330
14,125,832
12,877,646
9,918,905
9347,309
9,230,000
9,154,300
8,874,109
8,113,400
7,189,350
6,740,000
6^00,000
5,978,660
5,849,000
4,730,134
4,721,000
4,582,040
4,400,000
4,227,245
4,073,000
3,986,307
3,963,650
3,776,800
3,044,950
2,778,192
2,684,999
2,500,000
2,440,250
2,117,000
2,006,633
1,978,555
l,94i;090
1,800,250
1,611,250
1,584,583
1,563,700
1,163,615,388
17,215,793
1,180,831,181
17.43
16.21
7.75
7.09
5.53
4.48
4.15
330
3.30
3.13
2.71
2.60
2.00
1.99
1.61
1.20
1.09
0.84
0.79
0.78
0.78
0.75
0.69
0.61
0.57
0.53
0.51
0.50
0.40
0.40
0.39
0.37
0.36
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.32
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.21
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.13
98.54
1.46
100.00
(a) Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp. has submitted a revision to TRI regarding their 1989 releases and transfers.
The revised amount for their discharges to underground injection wells is 4,487,000 pounds.
F-5
-------
Appendix F
Table F-5. The Top 50 TRI Facilities for Transfers to Public Sewage, 1989.
TRI SIC FACILITY NAME
RANK CODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
26
33
28
Mult
26
28
26
20
28
28
26
Mult
20
28
28
28
29
28
28
26
26
28
20
28
28
28
28
20
28
28
28
28
26
28
28
29
26
36
20
28
26
Columbian Chemicals Co.
Filtrol Corp.
Allied Signal
Monsanto Co.
Air Products Mfg. Corp.
Pfizer Pigments Inc.
Phthalchem
Mallinckrodt Specialty
Monsanto Co.
Stone Container Corp.
Fort Howard Steel Inc.
Sun Chemical Corp.
Monsanto Co.
Boise Cascade Papers
Givaudan Corp.
St. Joe Forest Products Co.
Kraft Food Ingredient Corp.
Old Bridge Chemicals Inc.
Rohm & Haas DVI
Stone Hopewell Inc.
Witco Corp.
Com Products & Best Foods
Merck & Co. Inc.
Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
Union Oil Co. Unocal
Amoco Oil Co.
PMC Specialties Group
Alliance Chemical Inc.
International Paper Co.
Simpson Pasadena Paper Co.
Aqualon Co.
Penford Products Co.
Ferro Corp.
PMC Specialties Group
Ethyl Petroleum Additives Inc.
Union Carbide Chemicals &.
Bcatrice/Hunt-Wesson
Allied-Signal Inc.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
Amoco Petroleum Additives Co.
Hercules Inc.
Macon Kraft Inc.
Arco Chemical Co.
BASF Corp.
Davison Chem Div.
Westvaco Corp.
Motorola Inc.
Cargill Inc.
Hilton Davis Co.
Potlatch Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
CITY STATE
Saint Louis
Vemon
Hopewell
Cahokia
Pasadena
East Saint Louis
Cincinnati
Saint Louis
Saint Louis
Panama City
Green Bay
Newark
Springfield
Saint Helens
Clifton
Port Saint Joe
Memphis
Old Bridge
Philadelphia
Hopewell
Memphis
Bedford Park
Rahway
Nutley
Brea
Texas City
Chicago
Newark
Erie
Pasadena
Hopewell
Cedar Rapids
Hammond
Cincinnati
Sauget
South Charleston
Memphis
Philadelphia
Syracuse
Wood River
Parlin
Macon
Pasadena
Rensselaer
Cincinnati
Luke
Mesa
Memphis
Newark
Cloquet
MO
CA
VA
IL
TX
IL
OH
MO
MO
FL
WI
NJ
MA
OR
NJ
FL
TN
NJ
PA
VA
TN
IL
NJ
NJ
CA
TX
IL
NJ
PA
TX
VA
IA
IN
OH
IL
WV
TN
PA
NY
IL
NJ
GA
TX
NY
OH
MD
AZ
TN
NJ
MN
PUBLIC SEWAGE
TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
52,394,500
29300,000
24,870,800
21,754,141
14,880,830
12,268,482
11,701,726
9,635,635
8,965,148
8,368,138
7,440,000
7,300,250
6,624,310
6,387,027
6,344,275
6,088,000
6,001,800
5,850,100
5,617,355
5,230,000
4,860,506
4,750,000
4,746,928
4,641,513
4,432,800
3,805,970
3,594,170
3,483,000
3399,200
3,314,100
3,295,300
3,205,700
3,061,650
2,746,540
2,704,789
2,624,443
2,568,000
2,550,000
2,541,000
2439,600
2^13,377
2,362,800
2,225,104
2,160,731
2,143,250
2,107,800
2,096,450
2,090,000
2,074,449
2,053,250
347,714,937
203,319,759
551,034,696
9.51
5.32
4.51
3.95
2.70
2.23
2.12
1.75
1.63
1.52
1.35
1.32
1.20
1.16
1.15
1.10
1.09
1.06
1.02
0.95
0.88
0.86
0.86
0.84
0.80
0.69
0.65
0.63
0.62
0.60
0.60
0.58
0.56
0.50
0.49
0.48
0.47
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.43
0.40
0.39
0.39
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.37
63.10
36.90
100.00
F-6
-------
TRI Facilities. 1988 and 1989
Table F-6. The Top 50 TRI Facilities for Off-Site Transfers, 1989.
TRI SIC FACILITY NAME
RANK CODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
28
33
33
28
38
33
33
28
33
33
28
39
Mult
33
28
28
28
28
33
33
28
33
33
33
28
28
28
33
33
28
28
34
28
28
33
28
Mult
33
28
33
32
28
28
28
33
33
28
33
28
26
Atochem N.A. — Racon Facility
National Steel
Empire
The Upjohn Co.
Du Pont Towanda Plant
Waupaca Foundry Inc.
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
Genesis Polymers
Barmet Aluminum Corp.
Keystone Steel & Wire Co.
SCM Chemicals Inc.
Tricil Recovery Services Inc.
3M Chemolite Center
Charter Processing
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
DuPont
Fermenta Asc
Nucor-Yamato Steel Co.
Atlantic Steel Co.
DuPont Belle Plant
Dofasco Inc.
USS South Works
Armco Advanced Materials Corp.
Du Pont Mobile Plant
Rhone-Poulenc
Mobay Corp.
North Star Steel Texas Inc.
Rouge Steel Co.
Du Pont Spruance Site
Chemical Products Corp.
Double Eagle Steel Coating Co.
Eli Lilly & Co.
Pfizer Pigments Inc.
Allegheny Ludlum Corp.
Heico Chemicals Inc.
3M Consumer AV & Consumer Prod.
Atlantic Steel Co.
Rayovac Corp.
Asarco Inc.
Coplay Cement Co.
Rohm & Haas Delaware Valley
Sandoz Crop Protection Corp.
Merck & Co. Inc.
Waupaca Foundry Inc.
USS Fairiess Works
3M
LTV Steel Co. Inc.
PPG Industries
CPI- Kraft Div.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
CITY
Wichita
Ecorse
Mansfield
Kalamazoo
Towanda
Waupaca
Mingo Junction
Marysville
Livia
Peoria
Ashtabula
Bartow
Cottage Grove
Saukville
Deer Park
Deer Park
La Porte
Houston
Barfield
Atlanta
Belle
Detroit
Chicago
Zanesville
Axis
Baytown
Baytown
Rose City
Dearborn
Richmond
Cartersville
Dearborn
Indianapolis
East Saint Louis
Brackenridge
Delaware Water Gap
Hutchinson
Cartersville
Covington
Omaha
Logansport
Bristol
Beaumont
Rahway
Waupaca
Fairiess Hills
Cordova
Cleveland
East Point
Wisconsin Rapids
STATE
KS
MI
OH
MI
PA
WI
OH
MI
KY
IL
OH
FL
MN
WI
TX
TX
TX
TX
AR
GA
WV
MI
IL
OH
AL
TX
TX
TX
MI
VA
GA
MI
IN
IL
PA
PA
MN
GA
TN
ME
IN
PA
TX
NJ
WI
PA
IL
OH
GA
WI
OFF-SITE TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
54,391,847
16,421,165
10,658,412
9,950,541
7,531,669
7,198,000
7,171,700
6,757,000
6,706,534
6,370,500
6,330,000
6,244,132
6,140,284
6,130,560
6,052,000
5,269,050
5,266,233
5,171,706
5,022,930
4,986,544
4,861,950
4,824,700
4,531,878
4,406,364
4380,015
4,186,000
3,769,309
3,510,551
3,507,600
3,484,650
3,400,000
3,380,600
3,364,600
3,355,387
3,233,713
3,125,000
3,077,425
3,034,115
2,992,834
2,882,850
2,856,400
2,837,055
2,798,901
2,789,870
2,765,589
2,754,391
2,724,155
2,697,469
2,675,390
2,671,000
290,650,568
622,401,595
913,052,163
5.96
1.80
1.17
1.09
0.82
0.79
0.79
0.74
0.73
0.70
0.69
0.68
0.67
0.67
0.66
0.58
0.58
0.57
0.55
0.55
0.53
0.53
0.50
0.48
0.48
0.46
0.41
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.34
0.33
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.29
0.29
31.83
68.17
100.00
F-7
-------
Appendix F
Table F-7. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes In Total Releases and Transfers, 1988-1989.
SICCODE(i)
1989
SICCODE<«)
1988
FACILITY: NAME
CITY, COUNTY, STATE
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
1989
Pounds
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
1988
Pounds
CHANGE IN
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
1988-1989
Pounds
THE TWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST DECREASES
Mult
28
23
—
23
28
23
23
33
28
23
23
33
23
28
33
28
33
23
Mult
Mult
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
28
28
33
28
23
33
28
33
28
Mult
Shell Oil Co.
FreeportMcMoran,Agrico CbemDiv.
HreeportMcMonuu\gricoChein.Div.
Avtcx Fibers Front Royal Inc.
Du Pont Beaumont Works
Triad Chemical (b)
Allied-Signal IDC.
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
Asarcolhc.
Ciba-Geigy Corp.
Chevron Chemical Co.
Coastal Cbcm Inc.
National Steel
BPChemicals
Arcadian Corp.
Hcrculaneum Smelter
Monsanto Co.
Asarcolbc.
Allied Signal
Phillips 66 Co.
Norco, St Charles, LA
Uncle Sam, St James, LA
Donaldsonville, Ascension, LA
Front Royal, Warren, VA
Beaumont, Jefferson, TX
Donaldsonvule, Ascension, LA
Elizabeth, Union, NJ
Texas City, Galveston, TX
Haydcn,GUa,AZ
Queensbury, Warren, NY
Rock Springs, Sweetwater, WY
Cheyenne, Laramie, WY
Ecorse, Wayne, MI
PortLavaca, Calhoun, TX
Geismar, Ascension, LA
Hcrculaneum, Jefferson, MO
Cantonment, Escambia, PL
El Paso, El Paso, TX
Hopewell, Hopewell City, VA
Borger, Hutchinson, TX
4,960,250
15,410,826
17,254,750
—
88,094,984
26,152,046
604176
20,5744170
16,574,800
1,419,950
166,901
15,133,055
17,562,820
65,543,672
24,967,500
17,110,851
25,622,958
460,600
34,748,970
2,551,080
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI
158,662,990
63,327,150
61,820,000
37,731,700
123,333,929
54,919,664
28,290,620
42,987,500
35,930,150
20,237,150
15,220,250
28,135,426
30^09,133
78,225,900
37,319,500
28,890,351
36,249,190
10,915,974
44,758,492
12,184,273
DECREASE
-153,702,740
-47,916,324
-44,565,250
-37,731,700
-35,238,945
-28,767,618
-28,229,644
-22,412,530
-19,355,350
-18,817,200
-15,053,349
-13,002,371
-12,746,313
-12,682,228
-12,352,000
-11,779,500
-10,626,232
-10,455,374
-10,009,522
-9,633,193
-555,077,383
-1,610,470,870
THETWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST INCREASES
Mult
28
23
Molt
33
28
23
Mult
28
28
33
23
33
23
33
28
28
23
23
33
28
23
36
33
28
28
Mult
28
28
33
28
33
28
33
28
28
28
28
33
Kaiser Altlmmnm & Chemical Corp.(c)
American Cyanamid Co.
Monsanto Co.
3M Consumer AV & Consumer Prod.
Magnesium Corp. of America
DuPont
BASF Corp.
IMC Fertilizer Inc.
Texasgulflnc.
Union Carbide Chemicals
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
Royster Co.
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
Phthalchem
Waupaca Foundry Inc.
Mallinckrodt Specialty
Genesis Polymers
FiJtrol Corp.
Old Bridge Chemicals Inc.
General Motors Corp.
Mulberry, Polk, PL
Westwego, Jefferson, LA
Alvin, Brazoria, TX
Hutchinson, McLeod, MN
Tooclc.Tooele.UT
Louisville, Jefferson, KY
Lowland, Hamblcn, TN
Mulberry, Polk, PL
Aurora, Beaufort, NC
Texas City, Galveston, TX
Poll ansbee, Brooke, WV
Mulberry, Polk, FL
Mingo Junction, Jefferson, OH
Cincinnati, Hamilton, OH
Waupaca, Waupaca, WI
St Louis, St Louis City, MO
Marysvillc, St Clair, MI
Vernon, Los Angeles, CA
Old Bridge, Middlesex, NJ
Defiance, Defiance, OH
32,013,400
15,932,550
13,032,525
12,352,988
9,310,335
8,523,562
8,406,000
8,367,150
8,275,250
7,629,979
6,978,251
6,631,396
6,548,368
6,275,918
6,193,866
6,179,954
6,063,966
6,062,600
5,762,188
5,679,645
186,219,891
889,656,639
-720,814,231
(*) — Means tho facility did not report for that year.
(b) Triad Chemical has sabmilcd a revision to TRI of their 1988 releases and transfers. While the revision had been entered into the version (April 19,1991) of the TRI database
mod in this rcport,tbc original submission had not been removed at that time. The revised amount for this faculty's 1988 total releases and transfers is 27,252,982 pounds
This faculty's decrease in total releases and transfers from 1988 to 1989 is then 1,100,936 pounds.
(c) Klber Aluminum and Chemical Corp. has submitted a revision to TRI regarding their 1989 releases and transfers. The revised amount for their discharges to underground
injection wells (which is their total releases and transfers) is 4,487,000 pounds. This facility's increase in total releases and transfers from 1988 to 1989 is then 4 487 000 Bounds.
(d)Net Change MToBl TRI Decrease + Tola! TRI Increase ^ ' '
32,013,400
192,350,800
206,533,205
28,998,967
119,060,425
39,829,058
25,624,950
9,663,500
17,852,400
11,092,955
10,543,249
9,946,646
7,291,899
12,950,558
7,366,716
10,561,144
6,825,300
29,595,850
5,870,111
8,457,295
SUBTOTAL
176,418,250
193^500,680
16,645,979
109,750,090
31,305,496
17,218,950
1,296,350
9,577,150
• 3,462,976
3,564,998
3,315,250
743,531
6,674,640
1,172,850
4,381,190
761,334
23,533,250
107,923
2,777,650
TOTAL TRI INCREASE
NETCHANGE(d)
F-8
-------
TRI Facilities, 1988 and 1989
Table F-8. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Total Air Emissions, 1988-1989.
SICCODE(a) SICCODE(a)
1989 1988
FACILITY NAME
CITY, COUNTY, STATE
AIR
1989
Pounds
AIR CHANGEIN AIR
1988 1988-1989
Pounds Pounds
THE TWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST DECREASES
28
28
38
28
28
Mult
28
28
Mult
28
Mult
28
28
33
26
28
27
26
28
28
Mult
38
28
28
Mult
28
28
Mult
26
28
Mult
28
28
33
26
28
27
26
Avtex Fibers Front Royal Inc.
Triad Chemical (b)
The Upjohn Co. (c)
Pa«tma" Kodak Co.
BP Chemicals Inc.
Monsanto Co.
IBM
Westvaco Corp.
Quantum Chemical Corp.
Union Camp Corp.
American Tape Co.
Wfl-Gro Fertilizer Ine.
Westvaco Corp
Fhthalchem
Anas Powder Co.
USS Clairton Works
Temple-Inland Inc.
Union Oil Co.
Maxwell Communication Corp.
International Paper
Front Royal, Warren, VA
Donaldsville, Ascension, LA
Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo, MI
Rochester, Monroe, NY
Lima, Allen, OH
Luting, St Charles, LA
Endicott, Broome, NY
Covington, Covington City, VA
Morris, Grundy, IL
Savannah, Chatham, GA
Marysville, St Clair, MI
Pryor, Mayes, OK
Covington, Alleghany, V A
Cincinnati, Hamilton, OH
Joplin, Jasper, MO
Claiiton, Allegheny, PA
Evadale, Jasper, TX
Kenai, Kenai Peninsula, AK
Broadview, Cook, IL
Selma, Dallas, AL
—
25,279,885
6,878,820
16,794,179
3,615,300
796,242
956,930
2,808,647
1,792,650
13,190,000
—
1,154,000
9,927,500
1,229,190
608,350
2,928,990
2,146,750
18,308,500
1,971,228
1,503,105
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI DECREASE
34,410,250
53,830,470
13,578,000
21,621,312
7,286,550
4,317,291
4,456,471
6,293,647
4,866,750
16,261,250
3,070,624
4,186,166
12,641,000
3,678,052
3,008,683
5^16,551
4,520,000
20,660,250
4,231,848
3,643,325
-34,410,250
-28,550,585
-6,699,180
-4,827,133
-3,671,250
-3,521,049
-3,499,541
-3,485,000
-3,074,100
-3,071,250
-3,070,624
-3,032,166
-2,713,500
-2,448,862
-2,400,333
-2,387,561
-2,373,250
-2,351,750
-2,260,620
-2,140,220
-119,988,224
-559,862,284
THE TWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST INCREASES
Mult
33
28
28
28
28
37
29
Mult
37
Mult
28
37
25
28
28
28
28
37
28
36 3M Consumer Av& Consumer Products
33 Magnesium Corp.of America
28 BASF Corp.
28 Royster Co.
28 Union Carbide Chemicals
28 Royster Phosphates Inc.
— CMC, Inland Fisher Guide
29 Farmland Industries Inc.
— Brunswick Defense
37 Honda of America Mfg. IDC.
Mult Elkem Metals Co.
— Aristech Chemical Corp.
37 FordElecronics
— Johnston Tombigbee Furniture
28 Ashland Chemical Inc.
28 Terra International Inc.
28 Freeport McMoran, Agrico Chemical Div.
— Arcadian Corp.
37 CMC, Dclco Products Div.
28 Freeport McMoran, Agrico Chemical Div.
Hutchinson,McLeod,MN 25,661,502 16,306,841
Tooele.Tooele.UT 119,060,170 109,748510
Lowland, Hamblen,TN 23,879,550 15,477,550
Mulberry, Polk, FL 7,048,646 673,250
Texas City, Galveston,TX 8,519,845 3,462,976
Palmetto, Manatee, FL 5,543,000 1322,000
Monroe, Ouachita, LA 3,663,102 —
Coffeyville, Montgomery, KS 5,873,891 2,975,568
Willard, Huron, OH 2/t36,573 —
Marysvflle, Union, OH 4,876,178 2,572,696
Marietta, Washington, OH 3,628,512 1339,500
Haverhul, Scioto, OH 2,077,000 —
Connersvflle.Fayette.IN 2,621,090 640,850
Colombus.Lowndes.MS 1,935,167 —
Plaquemine.Iberville.LA 1,916,130 19,093
Woodward, Woodward, OK 4,031,000 2,252,700
Donaldsonville, Ascension, LA 16,223,250 14,463,500
Lake Charles, Calcasieu, LA 1,740,000 —
Dayton, Montgomery, OH 2,265,832 546398
Hahnvaie.St Charles, LA 1,661,250 0
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI INCREASE
NET CHANGE(d)
9,354,661
9,311,260
8,402,000
6375,396
5,056,869
4,221,000
3,663,102
2,898,323
2,436,573
2,303,482
2,289,012
2,077,000
1,980,240
1,935,167
1,897,037
1,778,300
1,759,750
1,740,000
1,719,434
1,661,250
72,859,856
391,282,607
-168,579,677
(a) — Means the facility did not report for that year.
(b) Triad Chemical has submitted a revision to TRI of their 1988 releases and transfers. While the revision has been entered into the version (April 19,1991) of the TRI database
used in this report, the original submission had not been removed at that time. The revised amount for this facility's total 1988 air emissions is 26,689,860 pounds.
Therefore, the change in total air emissions between 1988 and 1989 for mis facility becomes a decrease of 1,409,975 pounds.
(c) The Upjohn Co. has submitted a revision to TRI of their 1988 releases and transfers. While the revision had been entered into the version (April 19,1991) of the TRI database
used in this report, the original submission had not been removed at that time. The revised amount for this faculty's 1988 total air emissions is 7,427,500 pounds. Therefore,
the change in total air emissions between 1988 and 1989 for this facilty becomes a decrease of 548,680 pounds.
(d) Net Change = Total TRI Decrease + Total TRI Increase
F-9
-------
Appendix F
Table F-9. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in
SICCDDE(.) SICCODE(») FACILITYKAME
1939 1988
Discharges to Surface Water, 1988-1989.
CITY, COUNTY, STATE SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER
1989 1988
CHANGE IN
SURFACE WATER
1988-1989
Pounds
THETWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST DECREASES
28
28
28
28
23
28
33
28
28
28
28
28
—
26
34
33
28
20
31
2$
28
28
28
28
28
33
33
None
28
28
23
28
28
26
34
33
28
20
31
26
Frecport McMoran, Agrico Chemical Div.
FreeportMcMoran, Agrico Chemical Div.
Arcadian Coip.
Allied Signal
PPG Industrie! Inc.
Rayovac Corp.
AnncoAdvanced Materials Co.
Continental Nitrogen
W. R. Grace & Co.
Pfizer Inc.
Larocbe Chemicals Inc.
W. R. Grace & Co. -Conn.
Rohm & Haas Texas Inc.
Simpson Paper Co.
Pioneer Metal Finishing
Commonwealth Aluminum Corp.
Gardinierlnc.
Crossroad Farms Dairy
W. D. Byron & Sons Inc.
Inland Container Corp.
Uncle Sam, St James, LA
Donalosonville, Ascension, LA
Gcismar, Ascension, LA
Hopewell, Hopewell City, VA
Westlake, Calcasieu, LA
Covington, Tipton, TN
Butler, Butler, PA
Rosemount, Dakota, MN
Sulphur, Calcasieu, LA
Groton, New London, CT
Gramercy, St James, LA
Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
Deerpark, Harris, TX
Eureka, Humboldt, CA
Minneapolis, Hennepin, MN
Lewisport, Hancock, KY
Riverview, Hillsborough, FL
Indianapolis, Marion, IN*
Williamsport, Washington, MD
New JohnsonvOle, Humphreys, TN
13,332,100
638,000
22,400,250
9,334,845
407,559
29,741
47322
0
2,104,800
4,197,160
236,100
1,614,050
—
4,496,650
0
1,000
108
0
104,050
1,691,804
62,675,000
47,299,000
34,980,250
18,930,647
3,633,454
1,705,878
1,346,428
940,000
3,029,400
5,092,090
1,128,900
2,487,110
658,740
5,014,100
508,424
505,155
500,187
488,352
575,472
2,131,366
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI DECREASE
-49,342,900
-46,661,000
-12,580,000
-9,595,802
-3,225,895
-1,676,137
-1,299,106
-940,000
-924,600
•894,930
-892,800
-873,060
-658,740
-517,450
-508,424
-504,155
-500,079
-488,352
-471,422
•439,562
-132,994,414
-152,175,415
T11E TWENTY FACILmES WITH THE LARGEST INCREASES
28
28
33
26
28
26
28
26
Molt
23
26
28
24
26
26
29
28
26
28
33
28
28
33
26
28
26
28
26
Molt
28
26
28
24
26
26
29
28
Mult
28
33
3M
DSM Chemicals Augusta Inc.
US Vanadium Corp.
Weyerhaeuser Co.
Tennessee Eastman Co.
Alaska Pulp Corp.
Arcadian Corp.
ITTRayonierlnc.
Phillips 66 Co.
Hi Lilly & Co.
International Paper Co.
Mclamine Chemicals Inc.
Wood Fiber Industries
Louisiana-Pacific Corp.
TIT Rayonier Inc.
Exxon, Baytown Refinery
Cedar Chemical Corp.
Union Camp Corp.
ICI Americas Inc
LTV Steel Co. Inc.
Cordova, Rock bland, D.
Augusta, Richmond, GA
Hot Springs, Garland, AR
Cosmopolis, Grays Harbor, WA
Kingsport, Sullivan, TN
Sitka, Sitka, AK
Port Wentworth, Chatham, GA
Port Angeles, Clallam, WA
Borger, Hutchinson, TX
Shadeland, Tippecanoe, IN
Moss Point, Jackson, MS
Donaldsonville, Ascension, LA
Danville, Danville City, VA
Samoa, Humboldt, CA
Femandina Beach, Nassau, FL
Baytown, Hams.TX
Vfcksburg, Warren, MS
Franklin, Franklin City, VA
DighJon, Bristol, MA
Cleveland, Cuyahoga, OH
SUBTOTAL
14,600,000
1,968,969
7,801,550
8,193,150
3,021,104
1,011,976
1,200,000
5,518,500
715,472
2,385,777
595,000
1,229,965
550,532
5,012,400
5,884,740
441,050
706,832
737,210
806,400
1,572,602
11,800,000
1,897
6,001,500
6/143,650
1,535,999
32,000
480,000
4,801,250
34,925
1,740,184
17,810
656,859
250
4,474,000
5,421,000
39,500
308,000
346,610
424,894
1,201,574
TOTAL TRI INCREASE
NETCHANGE(b)
(•)— Mcu
2,800,000
1,967,072
1,800,050
1,749,500
1,485,105
979,976
720,000
717,250
680^47
645,593
577,190
573,106
550,282
538,400
463,740
401,550
398,832
390,600
381,506
371,028
18,191,327
31,567,682
-120,607,733
B the facility did not report for that year.
(b) Net Change = Tola! TRI Decrease + Total TRI Increase
F-10
-------
TRI Facilities, 1988 and 1989
Table F-10. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Total On-slte Land Releases, 1988-1989.
SICCODE(a) SICCODE(a)
1989 1988
FACILITY NAME
CITY, COUNTY, STATE LAND
1989
Pounds
LAND
1988
Pounds
CHANGE IN
LAND
1988-1989
Pounds
THE TWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST DECREASES
33
28
33
33
Mult
28
33
33
Mult
28
28
,
33
33
28
Mult
33
33
28
33
33
28
33
33
Mult
28
33
33
Mult
28
28
28
33
33
28
Mult
33
33
28
33
Assrcolhc.
Chevron Chemical Co.
Herculancum Smelter
Asarcolnc.
Phillips 66 Co.
Engelhard Corp.
USS Gary Works
Chaparral Steel Co.
Inland Steel Co.
Royster Phosphates Inc.
Farmland Industries Inc.
Climax Chemical Co.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Warren Consolidated Industries
Motycorp.Inc.
KoUerCo.
Newport Steel Corp.
Copperweld Steel Co.
Du Pont Delisle Plant
SKW Alloys Inc.
Hayden,Gua,AZ 15,749,150
Rock Springs, Sweetwater, WY 7,000
Hercnlaneum, Jefferson, MO 16,678,414
El Paso, El Paso, TX 8,750
Borger,Hutchinson,TX 123,968
Attapulgus, Decatur, GA 0
Gary, Lake, IN 18,738
Midlothian, EUis.TX 924,664
East Chicago, Lake, IN 44,826,050
Palmetto, Manatee, FL 2,846,000
Bartow,Polk,FL 0
Monument, Lea, NM - —
daypool.Gfla.AZ 13,658,434
Warren, Trumbull, OH 2,236,800
Moutain Pass, San Bernardino, CA 2,840,700
Kohler, Sheboygan, WI 1 ,299,300
Newport, Campbell, KY 0
Warren, Trumbull, OH 108,387
Pass Christian, Harrison, MS 0
Calvert City, Marshall, KY 382,946
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI DECREASE
33,663,950
15,046,400
28,460,108
10,490,274
9,876,389
8,580,000
5,924,000
6,199,692
50,040,600
6,600,000
3,400,113
3,247,000
16,880,000
5,229,007
5,679,000
4,028,100
2,469,500
2,335,907
2,200,000
2,572,883
-17,914,800
-15,039,400
-11,781,694
-10,481,524
-9,752,421
-8,580,000
-5,905,262
-5,275,028
-5,214,550
-3,754,000
-3,400,113
-3,247,000
-3,221,566
-2,992,207
-2,838,300
-2,728,800
-2,469,500
-2,227,520
-2,200,000
-2,189,937
-121,213,622
-182,666,795
THE TWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST INCREASES
Mult
28
33
33
28
33
33
28
33
28
26
33
28
33
Mult
33
28
33
20
28
Mult
28
33
33
28
33
33
—
33
28
26
33
28
33
Mult
—
—
33
20
28
IMC Fertilizer Inc.
Texasgulflnc.
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
CMC, Saginaw Grey Iron Plant
FreeportMcMoran, Agrico Chemical Div.
GMC, Central Foundry Div.
Asarcolnc.
Climax Chemical Co.
Kcnnecott Utah Copper
LCP Chemicals
Nekoosa Packaging
Armco Steel Co. LJ>.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Northwestern Steel & Wire Co.
Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corp.
Johnstown Corp.
John C. Wilson Co. Inc.
Bethlehem Steel Corp.
Heublein Inc.
Freeport McMoran, Agrico Chemical Div.
Mulberry, Polk, EL 8,200,250
Aurora, Beaufort, NC 15,541550
Follansbee, Brooke, WV 7,172,820
Saginaw, Saginaw, MI 7,798,550
Mulberry, Polk, EL 5,260,000
Defiance, Defiance, OH 7,741 ,250
East Helena, Lewis and Clark, MT 36,425,460
Monument, Lea, NM 3,247,000
Bingham Canyon, Salt Lake, UT 14,902,650
Moundsvfflc, Marshall, WV 2,483,609
Tomahawk, Lincoln, WI 2,408,800
Middletown, Butler, OH 2,196,550
Castle Hayne, New Hanover, NC 8,800,275
Sterling, Whiteside.IL 4,820,000
Hamilton, Monroe, MS 8,473,000
Johnston, Cambria, PA 1 ,782,090
Millen, Jenkins, GA 1,610,180
Bethlehem, Northhampton, PA 1,682,230
Madcra,Madera,CA 1,400,000
Uncle Sam, St James, LA 1388,426
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI INCREASE
NET CHANGED)
0
8,333,000
346,900
2,529,610
0
2,539,700
32,764,230
—
11586,000
32,875
750
277,100
6505,501
2559,000
6,677,000
—
—
140,100
0
0
8,200,250
7,208,950
6325,920
5,268,940
5,260,000
5,201,550
3,661,230
3,247,000
2516,650
2,450,734
2,408,050
1519,450
1,894,774
1,861,000
1,796,000
1,782,090
1,610,180
1,542,130
1,400,000
1.388,426
67,843324
92,892,338
-89,774,457
(a) — Means tne facility did not report for that year.
(b) Net Change=TotalTRIDecrcase+ Total TRIlhcrcase
F-ll
-------
Appendix F
Table F-11. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes In Discharges to Underground Injection Wells, 1988-1989.
SICCODEOO SICCODEO) FACILITY NAME
1989 1983
CITY, COUNTY, STATE
UNDERGROUND UNDERGROUND
1989 1988
CHANGE IN
UNDERGROUND
1988-1989
THE TWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST DECREASES
Molt
23
28
23
23
23
33
23
28
23
23
28
28
28
28
33
28
28
28
28
Molt
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
28
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
33
28
28
28
28
Shell Oil Co.
Dn Pont Beaumont Works
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
Coastal Cbemlnc.
BP Chemicals
Monsanto Co.
National Steel, Midwest Steel Div.
Da Font Delisle Plant
Arco Chemical Co.
Angus Chemical Co.
Uniroyal Chemical Co. Inc.
Farke-Davis
Celanese Engineering Resins
The Upjohn Co. (b)
Agricultural Minerals Corp.
Asarcolnc.
DuFont
Aristech Chemical Corp.
Rubicon Inc.
Rexenc Products Co.
Norco, St Charles, LA
Beaumont, Jefferson, TX
Texas City, Galveston, TX
Cheyenne, T^mmUl WY
FortLavaca, Calboun, TX
Cantonment, Escambia, FL
Portage, Porter, IN
Pass Christian, Harrison, MS
Channelview, Harris, TX
Sterlington, Ouachita, LA
Geismar, Ascension, LA
Holland, Ottawa, MI
Bishop, Nocces.TX
Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo, MI
Verdigris, Rogers, OK
Amarillo, Porter, TX
La Porte, Harris, TX
Havcriiffl, Scioto. OH
Geismar, Ascension, LA
Odessa, Ector.TX
2.117,000
83,664,740
19,009,330
14,125,832
65,251,083
23,646,078
23,477,945
37,000,000
1,120,400
5,849,000
4,730,134
723,950
4,582,040
4,227,245
4,721,000
3,963,650
2,684,999
1,563,700
4,073,000
967,424
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI DECREASE
156,363,300
118,145,660
39,176,200
27,113,559
77,781,500
34,478,262
27,079,220
40,500,000
3,502,240
7,557,000
6,232,260
2,139,200
5,964,720
5,521,000
6,000,383
5,148,390
3,781,820
2,615,100
5,009,109
1,882,200
-154,246,300
-34,480,920
-20,166,870
-12,987,727
-12,530,417
-10,832,184
-3,601,275
-3,500,000
-2,381,840
-1,708,000
-1,502,126
-1,415,250
-1,382,680
-1,293,755
-1,279,383
-1,184,740
-1,096,821
-1,051,400
-936,109
-914,776
-268,492,573
-272,752,363
THE TWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST INCREASES
28
23
28
23
28
28
23
29
28
28
28
23
28
23
28
28
Mill
28
23
29
— Kaiser Aluminum & Chemkal Corp. (c) Mulberry, Polk, FL
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
29
American Cyanamid Co.
Monsanto Co.
Do Pont
Du Pont Sabine River Works
DnPont
Hoecbst Celanese Chemical
Amoco Oil Co.
Great Lakes Chemical Co.
BASF Corp.
Du Pont Victoria Site
Cabot Corp.
BP Chemicals Inc.
WitcoCorp.
Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
Wfl-Gro Fertilizer Inc.
In) and Steel Co.
Vulcan Chemicals
Arkansas Chemicals Inc.
Diamond Shamrock Refining
Westwego, Jefferson, LA
Alvin,Brazoria,TX
Louisville, Jefferson, KY
Orange, Orange, TX
32,013,400
191,404,650
205,817,600
39,000,000
12,877,646
New Johmonville, Humphreys, TN 49,000,000
Pasadena, Harris, TX
Texas City, Galveston, TX
El Dorado, Union, AR
Geismar, Ascension, LA
Victoria, Victoria, TX
Tuscola, Douglas, E,
Lima, Allen, OH
HahnviUe, St Charles, LA
El Dorado, Union, AR
Pryor, Mayes, OK
East Chicago, Lake, IN
Wichita, Scdgwick, KS
El Dorado, Union, AR
Sunray, Moore, TX
9,347,309
9,230,000
8,874,109
39,000,260
30,674,348
8,113,400
52,932,250
7,189,350
1,941,090
1,061,550
6,740,000
91,513,565
623,000
661,441
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI INCREASE
NETCHANGE(d)
175,187,750
192,868,500
30,000,000
5,247,517
44,000,000
4,700,381
5,000,000
4,687,472
35,550,965
27,358,488
5,056,140
50,011,750
5,181,810
830,000
8,400
5,840,000
90,744510
0
64,174
32,013,400
16,216,900
12,949,100
9,000,000
7,630,129
5,000,000
4,646,928
4,230,000
4,186,637
3/M9.295
3^15,860
3,057,260
2320.500
2,007,540
1,061,090
1,053,150
900,000
768,655
623,000
597,267
115,626,711
119,419,282
•153,333,081
(a) — Mcanstbcfacilitydidnotreportfortbatycar.
(b) The Upjohn Co. has nubmitted a revision to TRI of their 1988 releases and transfers. While the revision had been entercdintotheversion(Aprfl 19,1991) of the TRI database
BKd in mil report, the original submission had not been removed at that time. The revised amount for this facility's 1988 TRI underground injection is 2,905,500 pounds.
This facility'« change in to underground injection from 1988 to 1989 is then an increase of 1321,745 pounds.
(c) Ka&er Aluminum acd Chemical Corp. has submitted a revision to TRI regardingtheir 1989 releases and transfers. The revised amount for their 1989 discharges to underground
injection wells a 4,487.000 pounds. This facility's increase in underground injection from 1988 to 1989 is then 4 487 000 pounds
(d)Netdunge-Total TRI Decrease* Total TRI Increase "^
F-12
-------
TRI Facilities, 1988 and 2989
Table F-12. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Transfers to Public Sewage, 1988-1989.
SIC CODE(a) SIC CODE(a)
1989 1988
FACUJTYNAMB
CITY, COUNTY, STATE PUBLIC SEWAGE
1989
Pounds
PUBLIC SEWAGE
1988
Pounds
CHANGE IN
PUBLIC SEWAGE
1988-1989
Pounds
THE TWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST DECREASES
_
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
33
—
28
27
28
28
31
28
38
27
—
33
Molt
22
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
33
20
28
27
28
28
31
28
38
27
28
33
Mult
Fruit of the Loom Inc.
Ciba-Ceigy Corp.
DuPont
Union Oil Co. of CA DBA Unocal
Union Oil Co. Unocal
Merck & Co. Inc.
Air Products Mfg. Corp.
Fort Howard Steel Inc.
Industries Corp.
Mobay Corp.
Cookson Graphics
Lederic Laboratories
Eval Co. of America
Irving Tanning Co.
Aqualon Co.
Anitec Image Corp.
Cookson Graphics Inc.
Henkel Corp.
Armco Steel Co. LJ".
CMC, Delco Products Div.
St Martinvaie, St Martin, LA —
QiKcnsbury, Warren, NY 0
Memphis, Shelby, TO 1,101,960
Wilmington, Los Angeles, CA 46,649
Brea, Orange, CA 4,432,800
Rahway, Union, NJ 4,746,928
Pasadena, Harris, TX 14,880,830
Green Bay, Brown, WI 7,440,000
Ponce, Ponce, PR —
Haledon,Passaic,NJ 1,375,455
Holyokc,Hampden,MA 1,000
Peart River, Rockland, NY 950,360
Pasadena, Harris, TX 69,541
Hardand, Somerset, ME 144,309
HopeweU.HopeweUCity.VA 3,295,300
Binghamton,Broonie,NY 1,568,100
Holyoke, Hampen, MA 1 ,000
Cincinnati, Hamilton, OH —
Middletown, Butler, OH 715,300
Livonia, Wayne, Ml 1,406,007
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI DECREASE
3,433,472
2,848,750
3,878,230
2,802,000
7,155,000
7,221,029
16,985,850
9,440,000
1,826,917
3,049,090
1,643,865
2,542,520
1,531,978
1,598,531
4,696,171
2,962,700
1,337,835
1,200,000
1,815,500
2,463,470
-3,433,472
-2,848,750
-2,776,270
-2,755,351
-2,722,200
-2,474,101
-2,105,020
-2,000,000
-1,826,917
-1,673,635
-1,642,865
-1,592,160
-1,462,437
-1,454,222
-1,400,871
-1,394,600
-1,336,835
-1,200,000
-1,100,200
-1,057,463
-38,257,369
-120,752,192
THE TWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST INCREASES
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
36
28
Mult
37
28
20
28
28
28
28
29
(a)— Meat
28
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
36
28
Mult
37
28
20
28
28
28
28
29
Phthalchem
Mallinckrodt Specialty
Ffltrol Corp.
Old Bridge Chemicals Inc.
Givaudan Corp.
Sun Chemical Corp.
Monsanto Co.
Procter & Gamble Manufacturing
Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
American Microsystems Inc.
PMC Specialties Group
Monsanto Co.
Lowell Engineering Corp.
American Cyanamid Co.
Cargilllnc.
Ferro Corp.
Amoco Petroleum Additives Co.
Morton International Inc.
Amoco Performance Products Inc
Amoco Oil Co.
Cincinatti, Hamilton, OH 11,701,726
St Louis, St Louis. MO 9,635,635
Vemon, Los Angeles, CA 29,300,000
Old Bridge, Middlesex, NJ 5,850,100
difton,Passaic,NJ 6,344,275
Newark, Essex, NJ 7,300,250
St Loius, St Louis City, MO 8,965,148
Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 1,709,500
Nutley, Essex, NJ 4,641 ,51 3
Pocatello, Bannock, ID 1,515,860
Chicago, Cook, JL 3,594,170
Springfield, Hampden, MA 6,624,310
Alto,Kent,MI 951,211
Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo, MI 1 ,646,950
Memphis, Shelby, TN 2,090,000
Hammond, Lake, IN 3,061,650
Wood River, Madison, IL 2,539,600
Cinnctnatti, Hamilton, OH 792,000
Augusta, Richmond, GA 713,718
Texas City, Galveston, TX 3,805,970
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI INCREASE
NETCHANGE(b)
2,975,708
3,517,375
23,500,000
96,243
2,283,000
4,900,000
6,749,084
0
3,037,850
16,836
2,361,645
5,658,311
31,300
779,500
1,236,000
2,223,450
1,767,900
50,000
0
3,100,300
8,726,018
6,118,260
5,800,000
5,753,857
4,061,275
2,400,250
2,216,064
1,709,500
1,603,663
1,499,024
1,232,525
965599
919,911
867,450
854,000
838,200
771,700
742,000
713,718
705,670
48,499,084
100,858,208
-19,893,984
is the facility did not report for that year.
(b) Net Changs = Total TRI Decrease + Total TRI Increase
F-13
-------
Appendix F
Table F-13. TRI Facilities with the Greatest Changes in Off-site Transfers, 1988-1989.
SIC CODE(i) SIC CO0E(l) FACILITY NAME
1939 1938
CITY, COUNTY, STATE
OFF-SITE
1989
OFF-SITE
1988
CHANGE IN
OFF-SITE
1988-1989
THE TWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST DECREASES
28
28
33
—
33
—
33
28
28
33
—
23
33
33
28
37
32
33
32
34
28
28
33
26
33
28
33
28
28
33
33
28
33
33
28
37
32
33
32
34
Allied-Signal Inc.
Ciba-Geigy Cocp.
National Steel
International Paper
Republic Engineered Steels Ihc
Michigan Recovery Systems Inc.
U.S. Redaction Co.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
OAF Chemical] Coip.
Raritan River Steel Co.
Paico Zinc Corp.
Rohm&HaasDVI
Bayou Steel Corp.
J&L Specialty Products Corp.
OlinCorp.
Golfstream Aerospace Corp.
Coplay Cement Co.
Weirton Steel Corp.
Allied Automotive-Bendix Fold
Ajax Metal Processing
Elizabeth, Union, NJ
Queembury, Warren, NY
Ecorse, Wayne, MI
Bastrop, Morchouse, LA
Canton, Stark, OH
Romulus, Wayne, MI
East Chicago, Lake, IN
Deer Park, Harris, TX
Calvert City, Marshall, KY
Perth Amboy, Middlesex, NJ
Torrance, Los Angeles, CA
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
La Place, St John the Bapist, LA
Midland, Beaver, PA
Beaumont, Jcfferson,TX
Savannah, Chatham, GA
Logansport, Cass, IN
Weirton, Hancock, WV
Cleveland, Bradley, TN
Warren, Macomb, MI
250
1,417,450
16,421,165
104,410
—
100,000
5,269,050
396366
0
—
1,409,008
513,000
2,057,399
0
185^04
2,856,400
1,412,536
269,291
1,221,951
28,200,000
17345,100
28,112,813
8,235,250
7479,595
7,137,250
6351,000
11,023,524
3334,265
4,832,323
4,552,986
5,932,251
4,737,300
6,244,042
4,142,112
3,866,208
6,517,200
5,035,336
3,883,456
4,554,849
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI DECREASE
-28,199,750
-15,927,650
-11,691,648
-8,235,250
-7,475,185
-7,137,250
-6,251,000
-5,754,474
•4,937,899
-4,832,323
•4,552,986
•4,523,243
•4,224,300
-4,186,643
-4,142,112
-3,680,904
-3,660,800
-3,622,800
-3,614,165
-3,332,898
-139,983,280
•456,649,039
THE TWENTY FACILITIES WITH THE LARGEST INCREASES
33
33
28
28
33
Mult
33
33
28
Mult
39
33
28
34
28
28
28
33
28
33
33
33
28
28
33
Mult
—
33
28
36
39
33
28
34
28
28
28
33
28
33
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
Waupaca Foundry Inc.
Genesis Polymers
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Keystone Steel & Wire Co.
SMChemolite Center
Nucor-Yamato Steel Co.
Rouge Steel Co.
AtocbemNA. — Racon Facility
3M Consumer AV & Consumer Products
Tricil Recovery Services Inc.
Waupaca Foundry Inc.
DuPont
Late Erie Screw Corp.
Hcico Qicmicalslhc.
FcnnentaASC
3M
American Spring Wire Corp.
Union Carbide Chemicals
Charter Processing
Mingo Junction, Jefferson, OH
Waupaca, Waupaca, WI
Marysvillc, St Clair, MI
Deer Park, Harris, TX
Pcoria,Peoria,IL
Cottage Grove. Washington, MN
Barficld, Mississippi, AR
Dearborn, Wayne, MI
Wichita, Sedgwick,KS
Hutchinson, Me Leod, MN
Barlow, Polk, FL
Waupaca, Waupaca, WI
La Porte, Harris, TX
Lokewood, Cuyahoga, OH
Delaware Water Gap, Monroe, PA
Houston, Harris, TX
Cordova, Rock Island, IL
Bedford, Cuyahoga, OH
Texas City, Galveston, TX
SaukvQle, Ozaukec, WI
7,171,700
7,198,000
6,757,000
6,052,000
6370,500
6,140,284
5,022,930
3,507,600
54391*47
3,077,425
6,244.132
2,765,589
5,266,233
2,400,000
3,125,000
5,171,706
2,724,155
2,412,540
2,109,429
6,130,560
347,000
1,066,650
752,139
810,125
1305,000
1,082,730
57,750
51,117501
316358
3,660,140
210,050
2,757,267
115,000
854,421
2,902,605
517,740
211342
0
4,123,000
6,824,700
6,131,350
6,004,861
5,241,875
5,065,500
5,057,554
5,022,930
3,449,850
3,273,946
2,761,067
2,583,992
2,555,539
2,508,966
2,285,000
2,270,579
2,269,101
2,206,415
2,201,198
2,109,429
2,007,560
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL TRI INCREASE
NCTCHANGtXb)
71^31,412
288,023,740
-168,625,299
(a)—Means the facility did not reportfor that year.
(b)Nct Change » Total TRI Decrease + Total TRI Increase
F-14
-------
APPENDIX G
Distribution of TRI Releases and
Transfers by Chemical,, 1989
G-l
-------
Appendix G
Table G-1. The Top Ten TRI Facilities for the 25 Chemicals with the Largest Releases and Transfers, 1989.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC
RANK . CODE
1 Ammonium sulfate 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
2 Hydrochloric acid 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
3 Mclhanol Mult
26
28
Mult
28
26
26
28
30
26
4 Ammonia 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
29
FACILITY NAME
Monsanto Co.
Du Pont Beaumont Works
American Cyanamid Co.
BP Chemicals
Columbian Chemicals Co.
BP Chemicals Inc.
Allied Signal
Filtrol Corp.
3M
Pfizer Pigments Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Vulcan Chemicals
Atochem N.A. — Racon Facility
Du Pont
BASF Corp.
Du Pont
Du Pont Delisle Plant
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. (a)
Monsanto Co.
Magnesium Corp. of America
Cabot Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Union Camp Corp.
Stone Container Corp.
Sun Chemical Corp.
Westvaco Corp
American Cyanamid Co.
St Joe Forest Products Co.
Boise Cascade Papers
The Upjohn Co.
Westinghouse Electric Corp.
Stone Hopewell Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Triad Chemical
Union Oil Co.
Freeport McMoran, Agrico Chem. Div.
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
Mississippi Chemical Corp.
Agricultural Minerals Corp.
CF Industries Inc.
Star Enterprise
Royster Co.
Amoco Oil Co.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
CITY STATE
Alvin
Beaumont
Westwego
Port Lavaca
Saint Louis
Lima
Hopewell
Vemon
Cordova
East Saint Louis
Wichita
Wichita
New Johnsonville
Geismar
Louisville
Pass Christian
Mulberry
Cahokia
Tooele
Tuscola
Savannah
Panama City
Newark
Covington
Westwego
Port Saint Joe
Saint Helens
Kalamazoo
Hampton
Hopewell
Donaldsonville
Kenai
Donaldsonville
Texas City
Yazoo City
Blytheville
Donaldsonville
Convent
Mulberry
Texas City
TX
TX
LA
TX
MO
OH
VA
CA
IL
IL
KS
KS
TN
LA
KY
MS
FL
IL
UT
IL
GA
FL
NJ
VA
LA
FL
OR
MI
SC
VA
LA
AK
LA
TX
MS
AR
LA
LA
FL
TX
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
200,000,000
76,109,000
69,300,000
53,045,016
52,369,000
43,000,000
31,262,000
26,200,250
14,600,000
12,289,368
578,174,634
750,649,064
74,007,600
53,836,350
49,029,500
39,046,140
39,019,700
37,258,000
32,013,400
15,590,093
8,900,055
8,319,889
357,020,727
495,609,047
11,202,000
8,640,000
7,361,000
7,173,500
6,509,500
6,490,250
6,243,160
6,134,509
5,316,500
5,123,000
70,193,419
408,119,093
25,711,732
18,548,021
16,412,800
16,389,500
12,944,200
11,358,250
10,795,800
9,952,346
9,459,500
9,362,300
140,934,449
377,248,848
26.64
10.14
9.23
7.07
6.98
5.73
4.16
3.49
1.94
1.64
77.02
100.00
14.93
10.86
9.89
7.88
7.87
7.52
6.46
3.15
1.80
1.68
72.04
100.00
2.74
2.12
1.80
1.76
1.60
1.59
1.53
1.50
1.30
1.26
17.20
100.00
6.82
4.92
4.35
4.34
3.43
3.01
2.86
2.64
2.51
2.48
37.36
100.00
G-2
-------
TRI Chemical Distribution, 1989
Table G-1. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC
RANK CODE
5 Toluene Mult
28
Mult
27
28
27
30
26
Mult
26
6 Sulfuric acid 28
33
28
26
33
i 28 .
28
32
33
33
7 Acetone 28
28
28
28
30
28
38
28
28
28
8 Xylene (mixed isomers) 28
28
37
36
28
30
37
28
37
34
FACILITY NAME
3M Consumer AV & Consumer Prod.
American Synthetic Rubber
Anchor Continental Inc.
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co.
Du Pont
Ringier America Inc.
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
Permacel
Holliston Mills Inc.
3MCo.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
American Cyanamid Co.
National Steel Corp.
Vulcan Chemicals
Weyerhaeuser Co.
Fort Howard Steel Inc.
Great Lakes Chemical Co.
Arcadian Corp.
Harshaw Chemical Co.
Charter Processing
Empire
I
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Tennessee Eastman Co.
Hoechst Celanese
Union Carbide Chemicals
The Upjohn Co.
General Electric Co.
Union Carbide C&P Co.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Hoechst Celanese Corp.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
Eli Lilly & Co.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Amoco Petroleum Additives Co.
3MCo.
General Motors Corp.
GTE Products Corp.
PPG Industries
3MCo.
Sterling Hts. Assembly Plant
Monsanto Co.
Chrysler Motors Corp.
Crown Cork & Seal Co. Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
CITY
Hutchinson
Louisville
Columbia
Warsaw
La Porte
Corinth
Lincoln
New Brunswick
Church Hill
Knoxville
Westwego
Portage
Wichita
Cosmopolis
Green Bay
El Dorado
Geismar
Jackson
Saukville
Mansfield
Kingsport
Narrows
Texas City
Kalamazoo
Coshocton
Institute
Rochester
Rock Hill
Syracuse
Shadeland
Natchez
Brownwood
Dayton
Versailles
East Point
Nevada
Sterling Heights
Cahokia
Warren
Winchester
STATE
MN
KY
SC
IN
TX
MS
NE
NJ
TN
IA
LA
IN
KS
WA
WI
AR
LA
MS
WI
OH
TN
VA
TX
MI
OH
WV
NY
SC
NY
IN
MS
TX
OH
KY
GA
MO
MI
IL
MI
VA
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
9,648,000
5,364,066
4,690,100
3,986,057
3,658,721
3,457,781
3,005,042
2,797,509
2,793,453
2,712,750
42,113,479
322,521,176
89,209,450
23,409,762
16,000,000
8,170,000
7,440,000
7,204,798
6,316,000
6,306,550
6,131,810
5,953,137
176,141,507
318,395,014
33,759,891
11,154,230
6,644,609
5,570,227
5,270,000
4,554,071
3,252,701
3,118,233
3,030,600
2,995,230
79,349,792
255,502,808
2,605,141
2,305,114
2,078,392
2,072,406
1,689,458
1,569,988
1,563,150
1,438,000
1,420,250
1,346,000
18,087,899
185,442,035
2.99
1.66
1.45
1.24
1.13
1.07
0.93
0.87
0.87
0.84
13.06
100.00
28.02
7.35
5.03
2.57
2.34
2.26
1.98
1.98
1.93
1.87
55.32
100.00
13.21
4.37
2.60
2.18
2.06
1.78
1.27
1.22
1.19
1.17
31.06
100.00
1.40
1.24
1.12
1.12
0.91
0.85
0.84
0.78
0.77
0.73
9.75
100.00
G-3
-------
Appendix G
Table G-1. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC
RANK CODE
9 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 37
Mult
28
33
33
22
33
36
37
37
10 Zinc compounds 33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
Mult
33
11 Methyl ethyl ketone Mult
33
22
30
Mult
Mult
37
Mult
Mult
30
12 Chlorine 33
28
33
26
26
26
26
28
33
33
FACILITY NAME
Honda of America Mfg. Inc.
Werthan Industries Inc.
Hercules Inc.
Franklin Steel Co.
Keystone Steel & Wire Co.
JPS Automotive Products Co.
Teledyne Casting Service
Avx Corp.
U.S. Naval Weapons Industrial
Rohr Industries Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Asarco Inc.
Herculaneum Smelter
Phelps Dodge Mining Co.
Asarco Inc.
Asarco Inc.
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
Keystone Steel & Wire Co.
Inland Steel Co.
Atlantic Steel Co.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
3M Consumer AV & Consumer Prod.
Reynolds Metals Co.
Gencorp Polymer Products
O'Sullivan Corp.
Vytech Industries Inc.
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co.
Ford Motor Co.
3M Chemolite Center
Columbus Coated Fabrics
IPC Corinth Div. Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Magnesium Corp. of America
Cabot Corp.
R. Lavin & Sons Inc.
James River Corp.
Westvaco Corp.
Georgia-Pacific Corp.
International Paper
Dow Chemical Co.
Alcoa
Blasius Group Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
CITY
Marysville
Nashville
Magna
Franklin
Peoria
Greenville
La Porte
Myrtle Beach
Dallas
Chula Vista
East Helena
Herculaneum
Playas
Hayden
Glover
Mingo Junction
Follansbee
Peoria
East Chicago
Atlanta
Hutchinson
Sheffield
Columbus
Winchester
Anderson
Winston-Salem
Utica
Cottage Grove
Columbus
Corinth
Tooele
Tuscola
Chicago
Pennington
Luke
Woodland
Selma
Freeport
Newburgh
Spartanburg
STATE
OH
TN
UT
PA
IL
SC
IN
SC
TX
CA
MT
MO
NM
AZ
MO
OH
WV
IL
IN
GA
MN
AL
MS
VA
SC
NC
MI
MN
OH
MS
UT
EL
IL
AL
MD
ME
AL
TX
IN
SC
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
1,816,534
1,582,518
1,339,978
1,278,000
1,140,000
1,010,000
1,000,000
987,026
919,850
854,482
11,928,388
185,026,191
29,031,807
12,297,109
9,731,000
7,871,500
7,515,771
6,430,900
6,400,000
5,903,710
5,298,450
4,064,831
94,545,078
164,799,357
18,168,000
4,390,000
2,602,287
1,838,590
1,757,392
1,604,814
1,472,600
1,324,070
1,233,500
1,194,130
35,585,383
156,992,642
110,160,000
4,417,004
1,685,120
1,100,250
860,520
850,250
820,850
810,000
780,000
720,041
122,204,035
141,428,470
0.98
0.86
0.72
0.69
0.62
0.55
0.54
0.53
0.50
0.46
6.45
100.00
17.62
7.46
5.90
4.78
4.56
3.90
3.88
3.58
3.22
2.47
57.37
100.00
11.57
2.80
1.66
1.17
1.12
1.02
0.94
0.84
0.79
0.76
22.67
100.00
77.89
3.12
1.19
0.78
0.61
0.60
0.58
0.57
0.55
0.51
86.41
100.00
G-4
-------
TRI Chemical Distribution, 1989
Table G-1. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC
RANK CODE
13 Dichloromethane 38
38
28
28
Mult
28
38
28
Mult
28
14 Manganese compounds Mult
33
Mult
28
Mult
33
33
33
33
33
15 Carbon disulflde 28
28
28
30
30
30
28
28
30
30
16 Phosphoric acid 28
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
28
FACILITY NAME
Du Pont Towanda Plant
Eastman Kodak Co.
GE Plastics
The Upjohn Co.
Abbott Chemicals Inc.
Eli Lilly & Co.
Anitec Image Corp.
Eli Lilly & Co.
Hickory Springs Manufacturing
Hercules Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Inland Steel Co.
USS Fairless Works
Elkem Metals Co.
Givaudan Corp.
Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corp.
General Motors Corp.
Republic Engineered Steels Inc
Waupaca Foundry Inc.
Northwestern Steel & Wire Co.
LTV Steel Co. Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
BASF Corp.
North American Rayon Corp.
Teepak Inc.
Viskase Corp.
Flexel Indiana Inc.
Cabot Corp.
Akzo Chemicals Inc.
Viskase Corp.
Viskase Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Texasgulf Inc.
Arcadian Corp.
Freeport McMoran, Agrico Chem. Div.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
IMC Fertilizer Inc.
Freeport McMoran, Agrico Chem. Div.
Seminole Fertilizer Corp.
Conserv Inc.
US Agri-Chemicals Inc.
CF Industries Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
CITY
Towanda
Rochester
Mount Vemon
Kalamazoo
Barceloneta
Clinton
Binghamton
Shadeland
Conover
Magna
East Chicago
Fairless Hills
Marietta
Clifton
Hamilton
Defiance
Canton
Waupaca
Sterling
Cleveland
Axis
Lowland
Elizabethton
DanviHe
Loudon
Covington
Franklin
Axis
Osceola
Bedford Park
Aurora
Geismar
Uncle Sam
White Springs
Mulberry
Mulberry
Bartow
Nichols
Fort Meade
Plant City
STATE
PA
NY
IN
MI
PR
IN
NY
IN
NC
UT
IN
PA
OH
NJ
MS
OH
OH
WI
IL
OH
AL
TN
TN
IL
TN
IN
LA
AL
AR
IL
NC
LA
LA
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
9,758,732
7,098,851
5,770,054
5,622,531
2,578,102
2,563,500
2,321,000
1,930,261
1,848,700
1,416,500
40,908,231
130,355,581
38,849,050
10,304,100
7,482,000
5,751,000
5,049,900
4,504,296
3,741,404
3,096,089
2,832,181
2,688,148
84,298,168
119,825,790
43,670,250
23,700,000
5,423,000
3,022,384
2,235,000
1,972,601
1,713,340
1,461,750
1,415,700
1,332,050
85,946,075
100,150,670
15,541,450
15,297,000
11,605,426
8,600,000
8,200,000
4,700,000
2,906,840
2,270,000
1,665,294
1,500,000
72,286,010
98,660,456
7.49
5.45
4.43
4.31
1.98
1.97
1.78
1.48
1.42
1.09
31.38
100.00
32.42
8.60
6.24
4.80
4.21
3.76
3.12
2.58
2.36
2.24
70.35
100.00
43.60
23.66
5.41
3.02
2.23
1.97
1.71
1.46
1.41
1.33
85.82
100.00
15.75
15.50
11.76
8.72
8.31
4.76
2.95
2.30
1.69
1.52
73.27
100.00
G-5
-------
Appendix G
Table G-1. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC
RANK CODE
17 Nitric acid 28
28
28
28
33
33
34
33
35
Mult
18 Ammonium nitrate 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
19 Freon 113 28
Mult
Mult
Mult
36
37
36
30
37
Mult
20 Glycol ethers 28
37
31
37
37
34
37
28
28
37
FACILITY NAME
Du Pont Victoria Site
Air Products Mfg. Corp.
Du Pont Sabine River Works
Angus Chemical Co.
Annco Advanced Materials Corp.
Lukens Steel Co.
Visionmark Inc.
Allegheny Ludlum Corp.
UNC Naval Products
Delco Electronics Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Monsanto Co.
Coastal Chem Inc.
'Agricultural Minerals Corp.
Du Pont Beaumont Works
Molycorp. Inc.
Allied Signal
PQCorp.
John C. Wilson Co. Inc.
Wil-Oro Fertilizer Inc.
Ranch Fertilizer Div.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Du Pont Washington Works
Harrison Radiator Div.
IBM
Delco Electronics Corp.
SCI Mfg. Inc.
Robert Bosch Corp.
AT&T Technologies Inc.
Baxter Healthcare Coip.
U.S. Air Force
IBM
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Sandoz Chemicals
General Motors Corp.
Prime Tanning Co. Inc.
BOC-Lansing Automotive Div.
Nissan Motor Manufacturing
Crown Cork & Seal Co. Inc.
Ford Motor Co.
PPG Industries Inc.
Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
General Motors Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
CITY
Victoria
Pasadena
Orange
Sterlington
Zanesville
Coatesville
Sidney
Brackenridge
Uncasville
Kokomo
Cantonment
Cheyenne
Verdigris
Beaumont
Mountain Pass
Hopewell
Kansas City
Millen
Pryor
Okeechobee
Washington
Lockport
Rochester
Oak Creek
Rapid City
Charleston
Lees Summit
Mountain Home
Fort Worth
Endicott
Fair Lawn
Pontiac
Berwick
Lansing
Smyrna
Cheraw
Avon Lake
Oak Creek
Nutley
Janesville
STATE
TX
TX
TX
LA
OH
PA
OH
PA
CH-
IN
FL
WY
OK
TX
CA
VA
KS
GA
OK
FL
WV
NY
MN
WI
SD
SC
MO
AR
TX
NY
NJ
MI
ME
MI
TN
SC
OH
WI
NJ
WI
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
23,265,600
7,700,000
4,507,402
3,203,800
2,429,940
1,470,750
1,422,000
1,383,041
1,074,520
1,061,006
47418,059
74,861,200
23,000,000
13,003,200
4,710,250
2,816,920
2,700,000
2,110,000
1,648,737
1,610,180
1,521,550
1,266,495
54,387,332
73,313,949
800,350
692,350
624,014
540,850
534,556
510,000
509,700
508,000 ,
500^00
485,200
5,705,520
67,837,298
1,262,580
1,116,700
898,039
710,000
686,324
652^00
620,500
606,392
564,290
502,000
7,619,325
65,736,857
31.08
10.29
6.02
4.28
3.25
1.96
1.90
1.85
1.44
1.42
63.47
100.00
31.37
17.74
6.42
3.84
3.68
2.88
2.25
2.20
2.08
1.73
74.18
100.00
1.18
1.02
0.92
0.80
0.79
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.74
0.72
8.41
100.00
1.92
1.70
1.37
1.08
1.04
0.99
0.94
0.92
0.86
0.76
11.59
100.00
G-6
-------
TRI Chemical Distribution, 1989
Table G-1. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC FACILITY NAME
RANK CODE
21 Ethylene glycol 28
20
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
28
28
22 Zinc (fume or dust) 33
33
33
33
33
33
33
26
33
33
23 Copper compounds 33
33
33
33
33
28
Mult
33
33
33
24 Chromium compounds 28
28
33
Mult
Mult
33
33
32
33
33
Hoechst Celanese Chemical
Penford Products Co.
Du Pont Belle Plant
3M Chemolite Center
Aqualon Co.
PD Glycol
Hercules Inc.
Tennessee Eastman Co.
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
ICI Americas Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
National Steel
General Motors Corp.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Nucor-Yamato Steel Co.
Empire
Granite City Steel
North Star Steel Texas Inc.
Nekoosa Packaging
Jersey Miniere Zinc
Newport Steel Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Copper Range Co.
Phelps Dodge Mining Co.
Chino Mines Co.
Asarco Inc.
Asarco Inc.
General Electric Co.
Chicago Etching Corp.
AT&T
Marport Smelting Co.
Magma Copper Rod Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
American Chrome & Chemicals
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Rouge Steel Co.
Elkem Metals Co.
Inland Steel Co.
National Steel Corp.
US Vanadium Corp.
North American Refractories
Inco Alloys International Inc.
Republic Engineered Steels Inc
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
CITY
Pasadena
Cedar Rapids
Belle
Cottage Grove
Hopewell
Beaumont
Parlin
Kingsport
Apple Grove
Fayetteville
Ecorse
Saginaw
Claypool
Baifield
Mansfield
Granite City
Rose City
Tomahawk
Clarksville
Newport
White Pine
Playas
Hurley
Hay den
East Helena
Waterford
Chicago
Gaston
East Chicago
Chicago
Corpus Christi
Castle Hayne
Dearborn
Marietta
East Chicago
Portage
Hot Springs
Gary
Huntington
Canton
STATE
TX
IA
WV
MN
VA
TX
NJ
TN
WV
NC
MI
MI
AZ
AR
OH
IL
TX
WI
TN
KY
MI
NM
NM
AZ
MT
NY
IL
SC
IN
IL
TX
NC
MI
OH
IN
IN
AR
IN
WV
OH
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
11,089,408
3,205,950
2,864,475
2,272,220
2,239,900
2,215,465
2,182,263
1,326,000
1,321,000
961,205
29,677,886
57,792,359
14,080,165
6,325,190
4,222,200
3,675,141
3,381,860
3,240,300
2,608,417
2,437,500
2,299,460
1,361,602
43,631,835
57,487,663
16,330,870
10,451,400
6,867,800
5,828,500
1,409,667
1,405,750
880,150
834,973
655,400
488,000
45,152,510
54,465,732
12,047,450
8,840,442
4,000,250
2,651,000
1,480,350
1,037,496
929,300
880,050
826,870
701,127
33,394,335
50,881,050
19.19
5.55
4.96
3.93
3.88
3.83
3.78
2.29
2.29
1.66
51.35
100.00
24.49
11.00
7.34
6.39
5.88
5.64
4.54
4.24
4.00
2.37
75.90
100.00
29.98
19.19
12.61
10.70
2.59
2.58
1.62
1.53
1.20
0.90
82.90
100.00
23.68
17.37
7.86
5.21
2.91
2.04
1.83
1.73
1.63
1.38
65.63
100.00
G-7
-------
Appendix G
Table G-1.ContInuod.
TRI CHEMICAL
RANK
SIC FACILITY NAME
CODE
CITY
STATE TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
25 n-Butyl alcohol
Mult Monsanto Co.
28 Ferro Corp.
28 OAF Chemicals Corp.
28 3MCo.
28 Reichhold Chemicals Inc.
28 Pfizer Inc.
37 Ford Motor Co.
37 Chrysler Motors Corp.
Mult Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc.
34 Crown Cork & Seal Co. Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR CHEMICAL
Springfield
Hammond
Texas City
Brownwood
Elizabeth
Groton
Wixom
Fenton
Pascagoula
Cheraw
MA
IN
TX
T>:
NJ
CT
MI
MO
MS
sc
2,004,042
1,701,450
1,303,416
1,034,482
880,050
871,500
713,950
598,250
560,000
538,500
10,205,640
50,095,319
4.00
3.40
2.60
2.07
1.76
1.74
1.43
1.19
1.12
1.07
20.37
100.00
(a) Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. has submitted a revision to TRI regarding their 1989 releases and transfers.
The revised amount for their releases of hydrochloric acid is 4,487,000 pounds.
G-8
-------
TRI Chemical Distribution, 1989
Table G-2. The Top Ten TRI Facilities for Each of the 25 Carcinogens with the Largest Releases and Transfers, 1989.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC FACILITY NAME
CARC. CODE
RANK
1 Dichloromethane 38
38
28
28
Mult
28
38
28
Molt
28
2 Styrene . 37
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
Mult
28
Mult
3 Tctrachloroethylene 33
37
Mult
Mult
28
Mult
37
37
28
37
4 Formaldehyde 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
32
Du Pont Towanda Plant
Eastman Kodak Co.
GE Plastics
The Upjohn Co.
Abbott Chemicals Inc.
Eli Lilly & Co.
Anitec Image Corp.
Eli Lilly & Co.
Hickory Springs Manufacturing
Hercules Inc.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
General Motors Corporation
Ameripol Synpol Co.
GE Chemicals Inc.
GE Plastics
Dow Chemical
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
Monsanto Co.
Dow Chemical Co.
Huntsman Chemical Corp.
Monsanto Co.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Alcoa
Allison
SchlageLockCo.
Harrison Radiator Div.
PPG Industries Inc.
Moore Business Forms
Grumman Aerospace Corp.
Aerochem Inc.
Monsanto Co.
Sikorsky Aircraft
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Celanese Engineering Resins
Angus Chemical Co.
Rohm & Haas Dvi
Monsanto Co.
Monsanto Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
Ashland Chemical Inc.
Monsanto Co.
Monsanto Co.
Owens-Corning Fiberglas
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
CITY
Towanda
Rochester
Mount Vemon
Kalamazoo
Barceloneta
Clinton
Binghamton
Shadeland
Conover
Magna
Monroe
Port Neches
Washington
Ottawa
Dalton
Houston
Muscatine
Gales Ferry
Peru
Addyston
Davenport
Indianapolis
Security
Lockport
Westlake
Still water
Bethpage
Orange
Saint Louis
Bridgeport
Bishop
Sterlington
Philadelphia
Luling
Alvin
Kalamazoo
Cleveland
Springfield
Saint Louis
Newark
STATE
PA
NY
IN
MI
PR
IN
NY
IN
NC
UT
LA
TX
WV
IL
GA
TX
IA
CT
IL
OH
IA
IN
CO
NY
LA
OK
NY
CA
MO
CT
TX
LA
PA
LA
TX
MI
OH
MA
MO
OH
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
9,758,732
7,098,851
5,770,054
5,622,531
2,578,102
2,563,500
2,321,000
1,930,261
1,848,700
1,416,500
40,908,231
130,355,581
3,359,867
1,002,900
890,000
741,000
681,450
639,350
616,816
556,701
509,854
395,565
9,393,503
41,169,973
982,550
670,730
617,528
588,990
513,436
491,430
469,470
462,550
407,000
383,334
5487,018
30,058,581
3,388,500
2,602,840
1,896,126
1,642,434
1,216,000
1,141,403
850,601
575,892
417,080
303,069
14,033,945
30,042,348
7.49
5.45
4.43
4.31
1.98
1.97
1.78
1.48
1.42
1.09
31.38
100.00
8.16
2.44
2.16
1.80
1.66
1.55
1.50
1.35
1.24
0.96
22.82
100.00
3.27
2.23
2.05
1.96
1.71
1.63
1.56
1.54
1.35
1.28
18.59
100.00
11.28
8.66
6.31
5.47
4.05
3.80
2.83
1.92
1.39
1.01
46.71
100.00
G-9
-------
Appendix G
Tabla Q-2. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC
CARC. CODE
RANK
S Benzene 33
Mult
33
33
33
33
28
33
28
Mult
6 Chloroform 26
26
Mult
26
26
Mult
28
26
26
26
7 Lead 33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
8 Chromium 33
33
33
33
35
35
33
34
33
33
FACILITY NAME
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
Inland Steel Co.
USSClairton Works
Armco Steel Co. L.P.
Bethlehem Steel Corp.
USS Gary Works
DSM Chemicals Augusta Inc.
LTV Steel Co.Inc.
Aristech Chemical Corp.
Shell Oil Co.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Georgia Pacific Corp.
Champion International Corp.
Westvaco Corp
Weyerhaeuser Everett
Federal Paper Board Co. Inc.
Potlatch Corp.
Rhone-Poulenc Ag Co.
Westvaco Corp.
Procter & Gamble Cellulose Co.
James River Corp.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Kennecott Utah Copper
GNBInc.
GNBInc.
General Battery Corp.
National Steel
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Nucor-Yamato Steel Co.
Empire
National-Standard Co.
Refined Metals Corp.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Johnstown Corp.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Carpenter Technology Corp.
ME International
Beloit Corp.
Beloit Corp.
Cold Metal Products Co. Inc.
Piper Impact Inc.
Armco Advanced Materials Co.
LTV Steel Co.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
CITY
Follansbee
East Chicago
Clairton
Middletown
Lackawanna
Gary
Augusta
Pittsburgh
Clairton
Deer Park
Brunswick
Canton
Covington
Everett
Riegelwood
Lewiston
Institute
Luke
Perry
Pennington
Bingham Canyon
Frisco
Vemon
Reading
Ecorse
Claypool
Barfield
Mansfield
Columbiana
Beech Grove
Johnstown
Claypool
Reading
Ishpeming
Beloit
Rockton
Youngs town
New Albany
Butler
East Chicago
STATE
WV
IN
PA
OH
NY
IN
GA
PA
PA
TX
GA
NC
VA
WA
NC
ID
WV
MD
FL
AL
UT
TX
CA
PA
MI
AZ
AR
OH
AL
IN
PA
AZ
PA
MI
WI
IL
OH
MS
PA
IN
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
1,570,005
1,231,250
1,220,319
1,089,500
1,021,001
989,600
906,484
833,704
692,206
574,600
10,128,669
28,591,407
915,580
861,890
856300
766,400
730,610
654,000
611,936
607,000
560,700
535,000
7,099,416
27,325408
2,352,600
1,125,082
1,047,710
775,583
752,600
670,200
656,277
488,301
484,080
453,883
8,806,316
19,872,648
1,141,510
663,400
493,214
410,473
363,150
321,650
307,987
261,950
255,018
210,450
4,428,802
13,403,332
5.49
4.31
4.27
3.81
3.57
3.46
3.17
2.92
2.42
2.01
35.43
100.00
3.35
3.15
3.13
2.80
2.67
2.39
2.24
2.22
2.05
1.96
25.98
100.00
11.84
5.66
5.27
3.90
3.79
3.37
3.30
2.46
2.44
2.28
44.31
100.00
8.52
4.95
3.68
3.06
2.71
2.40
2.30
1.95
1.90
1.57
33.04
100.00
G-10
-------
TRI Chemical Distribution, 1989
Table G-2. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC
CARC. CODE
RANK
9 Acrylonitrile 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
10 1,2-Dichloroethane 28
35
28
28
38
28
28
28
28
28
11 Nickel 37
33
Mult
Mult
33
33
35
33
35
35
12 Asbestos 26
37
29
32
32
32
28
37
39
28
FACILITY NAME
BP Chemicals Inc.
BP Chemicals
GE Chemicals Inc.
Monsanto Co.
Lubrizol Petroleum Chemicals
Monsanto Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
Du Pont Beaumont Works
GE Plastics
Akron Polymer Plant
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Ferro Corp.
3M
Uniroyal Chemical Co. Inc.
PPG Industries Inc.
Kodak Colorado Div.
Albright & Wilson Americas
National Starch & Chemical Co.
BF Goodrich
Vista Chemical Co.
Rhone-Poulenc Ag Co.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
PCC Airfoils Inc.
Glenbrook Nickel Co.
Delco Products Div.
Murray Ohio Manufacturing Co.
Zone 17 Facility
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Beloit Corp.
Carpenter Technology Corp.
Beloit Corp.
Graco Inc.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Quin-T Corporation
Friction Inc.
Coastal Refining & Marketing
Nuturn Corp.
Supradur Manufacturing Corp.
Goetze Gasket Co.
Dow Chemical Co.
Hastings Co.
Rayloc
Dow Chemical Co.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
CITY
Lima
Port Lavaca
Washington
Alvin
Pasadena
Muscatine
Westwego
Beaumont
Ottawa
Akron
Hammond
Charles Town
Geismar
Westlake
Windsor
Charleston
Salisbury
Calvert City
Westlake
Mount Pleasant
Mentor
Riddle
Livonia
Lawrenceburg
East Alton
Claypool
Beloit
Reading
Rockton
Minneapolis
Erie
Irvine
Corpus Christ!
Smithville
Windgap
La Grange
Pittsburg
King
Morganfield
Plaquemine
STATE
OH
TX
WV
TX
TX
IA
LA
TX
IL
OH
IN
WV
LA
LA
CO
SC
NC
KY
LA
TN
OH
OR
MI
TN
IL
AZ
WI
PA
IL
MN
PA
CA
TX
TN
PA
GA
CA
NC
KY
LA
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
2,423,750
1,735,026
1,453,040
938,000
830,255
660,530
537,850
521,112
447,800
359,205
9,906,568
12,280,895
1,420,250
1,009,486
927,437
747,808
725,405
581,627
400,474
267,388
259,334
258,782
6,597,991
9,509,848
668,845
524,300
375,091
360,059
348,268
234,600
227,350
225,282
219,350
194,158
3,377,303
9,493,108
1,401,500
1,212,250
1,000,750
866,501
806,040
620,000
440,000
325,207
311,040
240,000
7,223,288
8,944,353
19.74
14.13
11.83
7.64
6.76
5.38
4.38
4.24
3.65
2.92
80.67
100.00
14.93
10.62
9.75
7.86
7.63
6.12
4.21
2.81
2.73
2.72
69.38
100.00
7.05
5.52
3.95
3.79
3.67
2.47
2.39
2.37
2.31
2.05
35.58
100.00
15.67
13.55
11.19
9.69
9.01
6.93
4.92
3.64
3.48
2.68
80.76
100.00
G-ll
-------
Appendix G
Table Q-2. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC
CARC. CODE
RANK
13 Isopropyl alcohol 27
(manufacturing) 28
37
Mult
24
None
39
26
Mult
27
14 1,3-Butadiene 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
15 Acrylamide 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
16 Carbon Tctrachloride 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
FACILITY NAME
Arcata Graphics
Galaxie Chemical Corp.
General Motors Corp.
General Motors Corp.
Merrilat Industries Inc.
Ganes Chemical Inc.
Kores Nordic Usa Corp.
Hub Folding Box
Allegheny Label Inc.
Carqueville Lithographer
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Texaco Chemical Co.
Akron Polymer Plant
Amoco Chemical Co.
BASF Corp.
Phillips 66 Co.
Firestone
Ameripol Synpol Co.
W. R. Grace & Co.
Lyondell Petrochemical Co.
Texas Petrochemicals Corp.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
BP Chemicals
American Cyanamid Co.
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
Air Products & Chemicals Inc.
Union Carbide Chemicals
Nalco Chemical Co.
Allied Colloids Inc.
American Cyanamid Co.
Nalco Chemical Co.
Calgon Corp.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Hercules Inc.
Vulcan Chemicals
Du Pont Beaumont Works
Akzo Chemicals Inc.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Velsicol Chemical Corp.
Fermenta Asc
Dow Chemical Co.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Degussa Corp.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
CITY
Kingsport
Paterson
Monroe
Anderson
Jackson
Pennsville
Summerville
Mansfield
Cheswick
Elk Grove Village
PortNeches
Akron
Alvin
Chattanooga
Borger
Orange
Port Neches
Owensboro
Channelview
Houston
PortLavaca
Westwego
Texas City
Calvert City
South Charleston
Garyville
Suffolk
Wallingford
Bedford Park
Ellwood City
Parlin
Wichita
Beaumont
Axis
Sheffield
Memphis
Houston
Gales Ferry
Delaware City
Theodore
STATE
TN
NJ
LA
IN
OH
NJ
SC
MA
PA
IL
TX
OH
TX
TN
TX
TX
TX
KY
TX
TX
TX
LA
TX
KY
WV
LA
VA
CT
IL
PA
NJ
KS
TX
AL
AL
TN
TX
CT
DE
AL
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
724392
379,642
250,700
207,868
191,492
191^45
159,960
150,000
144469
126^00
2426,368
7,661,243
746,700
348,672
339,000
225,908
214,000
205,344
200,106
186,840
175,000
172,759
2,814,329
6,136,125
2,001,280
1,341,250
1,091,480
70,250
26,021
17,879
16,184
12,924
10,705
8,048
4496,021
4,625,675
957,860
453,333
401,710
241,000
240,250
207,613
199,810
180,811
162470
115,907
3,160,864
4,607,809
9.46
4.96
3.27
2.71
2.50
2.50
2.09
1.96
1.89
1.65
32.98
100.00
12.17
5.68
5.52
3.68
3.49
3.35
3.26
3.04
2.85
2.82
45.86
100.00
43.26
29.00
23.60
1.52
0.56
0.39
0.35
0.28
0.23
0.17
99.36
100.00
20.79
9.84
8.72
5.23
5.21
4.51
4.34
3.92
3.53
2.52
68.60
100.00
G-12
-------
TRI Chemical Distribution, 1989
Table G-2. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC
CARC. CODE
RANK
17 Polychlorinated biphenyls None
None
None
26
None
36
36
26
26
None
18 Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 28
28
30
30
39
Mult
36
39
36
30
19 Ethylene oxide 28
28
35
38
36
Mult
38
30
28
20
20 Propylene oxide 28
28
28
28
28
20
20
28
28
Mult
FACILITY NAME
PPM Inc.
U.S. Pollution Control Inc.
Unison Transformer Services
Champion International Corp.
PPM Inc.
GECo.
Dynex Industries Inc.
P.H.GlatfelterCo.
Papyrus Newton Falls
PPM Inc.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Hatco Corp.
BASF Corp.
Colonial Rubber Works Inc.
Evanite Fiber Corp.
Armstrong World Industries
Allegheny Label Inc.
Carton
Congoleum Corp.
Aerovox Inc.
H-C Industries Inc.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Shell Chemical Co.
Hoechst Celanese Chemical
Sterilization Services of TN
Bard Urological Div.
Baxter Healthcare Corp.
Baxter Healthcare Corp.
Kendall Co.
Baxter Healthcare Corp.
Harcros Chemicals Inc.
Bioproducts Inc.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Kelco
Arco Chemical Co.
Uniroyal Chemical Co. Inc.
Arco Chemical Co.
Dow Chemical Co.
U.S. Cocoa Corp.
American Maize Products Co.
Union Carbide C&P Co.
Dow Chemical Co.
Hi-Tek Polymers Vemon Plant
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
CITY
Philadelphia
Clive
Henderson
Lufkin
Tucker
Pittsfield
Farmington Hills
Pisgah Forest
Newton Falls
Kansas City
Fords
Keamy
Dyersburg
Corydon
Lancaster
Cheswick
Clinton
Marcus Hook
New Bedford
Biloxi
Geismar
Pasadena
Memphis
Covington
Aibonito
Cleveland
Augusta
Mountain Home
Kansas City
Louisville
San Diego
Channelview
Naugatuck
Pasadena
Freeport
Pennsauken
Hammond
Institute
Plaquemine
Vemon
STATE
PA
UT
KY
TX
GA
MA
MI
NC
NY
MO
NJ
NJ
TN
IN
PA
PA
IA
PA
MA
MS
LA
TX
TN
GA
PR
MS
GA
AR
KS
KY
CA
TX
CT
TX
TX
NJ
IN
WV
LA
TX
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
1,264,900
396,250
288,903
234,620
193,470
150,999
138,883
94,775
89,340
88,179
2,940,319
4,233,611
205,241
178,199
156,000
140,436
136,129
128,999
125,000
106,340
104,400
97,846
1,378,590
3,708,811
514,000
162,345
155,588
133,428
127,872
119,000
110,524
101,100
83,320
72,177
1,579,354
3,447,067
572,000
359,190
247,657
169,000
120,320
103,000
96,650
71,761
71,540
37,111
1,848,229
2,414,341
29.88
9.36
6.82
5.54
4.57
3.57
3.28
2.24
2.11
2.08
69.45
100.00
5.53
4.80
4.21
3.79
3.67
3.48
3.37
2.87
2.81
2.64
37.17
100.00
14.91
4.71
4.51
3.87
3.71
3.45
3.21
2.93
2.42
2.09
45.82
100.00
23.69
14.88
10.26
7.00
4.98
4.27
4.00
2.97
2.96
1.54
76.55
100.00
G-13
-------
Appendix G
Table 6-2. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL SIC
CARC. CODE
RANK
21 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 28
Mult
28
28
32
28
32
Mult
28
32
22 1,4-Dioxane 38
30
28
37
Mult
28
39
28
28
28
23 Epichlorohydrin Mult
28
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
28
24 Hcxachlorobenzene 28
28
28
28
28
32
Mult
28
28
28
FACILITY NAME
Monsanto Co.
Norton Co.
PPG Industries Inc.
Standard Chlorine of Delaware
Bay State Abrasives
Phillips 66 Co.
Jowitt & Rodgers Co. Inc.
Fuller Industries Inc.
Stanhome Inc.
Eagle Grinding Wheel Corp.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Eastman Kodak Co.
Fluid Systems
Du Pont Mobile Plant
Honda of America Mfg. Inc.
Hoechst-Celanese
Hoechst-Celanese Corp.
Hydranautics
Hercules Inc.
Stepan Co.
Du Pont Kinston Plant
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Shell Oil Co.
Dow Chemical Co.
Ciba-Geigy Corp.
Du Pont Mobile Plant
Shell Oil Co.
Wilmington Chemical Corp.
Hercules Inc.
Hercules Inc.
Ciba-Geigy Corp.
Dow Chemical Co.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
Fermenta Asc
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Velsicol Chemical Corp.
Vulcan Materials Co.
Vulcan Chemicals
Ash Grove Cement Co.
Marine Shale Processors Inc.
Dow Chemical Co.
Dow Chemical Co.
PPG Industries Inc.
SUBTOTAL
CARCINOGEN TOTAL
CITY
Cahokia
Worcester
New Martinsville
Delaware City
North Manchester
Borger
Philadelphia
Great Bend
Easthampton
Chicago
Rochester
San Diego
Axis
Marysville
Spartanburg
Salisbury
San Diego
Hattiesburg
Elwood
Kinston
Deer Park
Freeport
Toms River
Axis
Norco
New Castle
Chicopee
Hattiesburg
Me Intosh
Plaquemine
Houston
Deer Park
Memphis
Geismar
Wichita
Chanute
Amelia
Freeport
Plaquemine
Westlake
STATE
IL
MA
WV
DE
IN
TX
PA
KS
MA
IL
NY
CA
AL
OH
SC
NC
CA
MS
IL
NC
TX
TX
NJ
AL
LA
DE
MA
MS
AL
LA
TX
TX
TN
LA
KS
KS
LA
TX
LA
LA
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
958,000
325,405
289,000
50,256
38,095
24,340
18,300
7,543
5,550
5,400
1,721,889
1,725,392
168,004
96,507
94,308
85,683
79,100
78,250
59,169
49,000
39,043
38,914
787,978
1,516,708
1,045,322
125,000
52,993
43,872
28,600
28,258
26,410
21,400
19,000
7,970
1,398,825
1,487,562
1,127,499
320,140
5,029
3,084
1,006
500
500
378
193
84
1,458,413
1,458,420
55.52
18.86
16.75
2.91
2.21
1.41
1.06
0.44
0.32
0.31
99.80
100.00
11.08
6.36
6.22
5.65
5.22
5.16
3.90
3.23
2.57
2.57
51.95
100.00
70.27
8.40
3.56
2.95
1.92
1.90
1.78
1.44
1.28
0.54
94.03
100.00
77.31
21.95
0.34
0.21
0.70
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
100.00
100.00
G-14
-------
TRI Chemical Distribution, 1989
Table G-2. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL
CARC.
RANK
SIC FACILITY NAME
CODE
CITY
STATE TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
25 Vinyl chloride
Mult Occidental Chemical Corp. Pottstown PA 165,240 12.12
28 Formosa Plastics Corp. Delaware City DE 129,909 9.53
28 Bordenlnc. Illiopolio IL 95,352 6.99
28 Vista Chemical Co. Oklahoma City OK 78,521 5.76
28 Vista Polymers Aberdeen MS 76,218 5.59
28 The BF Goodrich Co. Pedricktown NJ 72,045 5.28
28 Shintechlnc. Freeport TX 71,769 5.26
28 Occidental Chemical Corp. Pasadena TX 67,018 4.91
28 BF Goodrich Co. Deer Park TX 62,750 4.60
28 Occidental Chemical Corp. Burlington NJ 53,135 3.90
SUBTOTAL 871,957 63.94
CARCINOGEN TOTAL 1,363,697 100.00
G-15
-------
Appendix G
Tabla 6-3. TRI Releases and Transfers of the Top 25 Chemicals by Each Industry, 1989.
TRI CHEMICAL
RANK
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Mcthanol
Ammonia
Toluene
SuUuric acid
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl kctone
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Manganese compounds
Carbon disulfide
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Ethylenc glycol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Chromium compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
750,649,064
495,609,047
408,119,093
377,248,848
322,521,176
318,395,014
255,502,080
185,442,035
185,026,191
164,799,357
156,992,642
141,428,470
130,355,581
119,825,790
100,150,670
98,660,456
74,861,200
73,313,949
67,837,298
65,736,857
57,792,359
57,487,663
54,465,732
50,881,050
50,095,319
4,763,196,941
5,705,670,380
FOOD TOBACCO TEXTILES
SIC 20 SIC 21 SIC 22
Percent Percent Percent
2.40
0.16
0.22
5.03
0.25
1.46
0.49
0.08
0.04
0.11
0.44
1.34
0.34
0.01
0.00
8.21
3.92
0.60
0.26
0.32
6.78
0.04
0.42
0.00
0.30
1.36
1.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.05
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.42
0.10
1.10
0.74
1.41
0.34
0.90
1.45
2.53
0.30
4.91
0.56
0.36
0.10
0.00
2.42
0.00
0.20
0.39
0.53
1.53
0.00
0.20
0.70
0.13
0.81
0.81
APPAREL
SIC 23
Percent
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.07
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.21
0.01
0.15
0.05
0.12
0.10
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.04
LUMBER
SIC 24
Percent
0.01
0.00
0.40
0.31
2.54
0.02
0.68
4.44
0.16
0.00
1.78
0.00
0.16
0.01
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.64
0.21
0.01
0.25
0.33
1.98
0.56
0.66
G-16
-------
TRI Chemical Distribution, 1989
Table G-3. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL FURNITURE
RANK SIC 25
Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Ammonia
Toluene
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1, 1 ,1-Trichloroethane
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Manganese compounds
Carbon disulfide
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Chromium compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
0.00
0.01
2.63
0.01
5.65
0.05
2.13
6.49
1.79
0.01
3.84
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.04
0.00
0.00
2.26
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.01
5.48
1.28
1.15
PAPER PRINTING CHEMICALS PETROLEUM PLASTICS
SIC 26 SIC 27 SIC 28 SIC 29 SIC 30
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
1.74
5.46
29.00
1.58
11.18
7.32
6.95
1.71
1.70
1.47
5.25
7.09
0.55
0.04
0.19
0.02
0.02
1.74
0.00
1.81
0.41
5.05
0.70
0.45
0.90
5.79
5.49
0.03
0.00
0.20
0.04
13.27
0.00
0.34
1.08
2.44
0.01
2.49
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.00
0.02
2.88
0.36
0.12
0.15
0.07
0.14
1.22
1.07
90.56
78.43
45.04
66.06
21.76
50.15
46.73
17.77
3.90
5.70
9.40
7.74
29.44
12.06
86.23
70.72
58.17
94.20
4.65
14.54
59.04
0.69
7.97
45.12
26.90
49.03
48.12
0.35
0.09
0.40
9.52
3.77
0.15
0.07
4.18
0.15
0.22
2.33
0.15
0.00
0.11
0.38
1.38
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.18
0.79
0.15
0.07
0.94
0.04
1.45
1.81
0.49
0.07
4.26
0.67
7.16
0.10
11.75
3.54
7.51
2.59
11.74
0.19
19.79
0.01
13.11
0.13
0.12
0.00
3.32
2.33
1.68
0.13
0.18
0.32
2.41
3.49
3.41
G-17
-------
Appendix G
Table G-3. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL LEATHER STONE/CLAY PRIMARY METALS
RANK SIC 31 SIC 32 SIC 33
Percent Percent Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Ammonia
Toluene
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Xylenc (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloro ethane
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
Dichloromcthane
Manganese compounds
Carbon disulfidc
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Chromium compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
0.72
0.00
0.01
0.77
1.12
0.12
0.85
0.54
0.17
0.00
1.84
0.00
0.18
0.54
0.00
0.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.17
0.49
0.48
0.44
0.09
0.47
0.44
0.78
0.96
2.11
0.20
0.81
0.44
0.38
0.68
0.00
1.32
0.14
0.09
0.21
0.06
1.16
0.19
0.91
0.92
0.05
0.01
3.48
0.28
0.60
0.83
1.14
7.40
0.74
4.32
1.66
21.90
0.29
2.62
11.94
77.25
4.21
81.27
1.35
40.85
0.00
2.32
14.69
0.43
1.75
1.64
9.59
82.67
82.80
27.21
0.73
12.50
13.26
FABR. METALS
SIC 34
Percent
0.12
2.19
0.16
0.20
3.61
6.75
1.68
10.02
12.99
4.57
7.43
0.09
2.97
0.08
0.00
2.58
7.13
0.00
6.44
33.55
1.55
5.89
1.76
3.55
26.64
3.59
3.63
MACHINERY ELECTRICAL
SIC 35 SIC 36
Percent Percent
0.00
0.23
0.24
0.12
1.60
0.68
0.47
4.67
9.04
0.18
1.50
0.02
1.46
0.84
0.00
0.38
2.29
0.00
11.04
2.53
1.08
0.37
0.53
1.52
1.15
1.17
1.31
0.65
0.51
0.71
0.70
1.84
2.71
3.33
8.18
11.32
1.12
2.20
0.80
7.03
0.77
0.00
0.92
2.79
0.90
28.43
7.68
1.94
0.80
1.59
0.48
2.80
2.51
2.55
G-18
-------
TRI Chemical Distribution, 1989
Table G-3. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL TRANSPORTATION MEASURE./PHOTO. MISCELLANEOUS MULTIPLE CODES NO CODES
RANK SIC 37 SIC 38 SIC 39 20-39 20-39
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Ammonia
Toluene
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Manganese compounds
Carbon disulfide
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Chromium compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
0.00
0.64
1.26
0.13
5.80
1.80
9.32
23.00
18.16
0.99
9.40
0.18
5.08
0.13
0.00
0.56
5.04
0.00
14.79
19.16
3.72
0.27
0.71
2.70
18.93
4.14
4.30
0.02
0.03
2.17
0.08
1.08
0.24
3.34
0.57
2.53
0.18
1.37
0.01
16.20
0.22
0.00
0.25
0.15
0.10
12.89
0.38
1.10
0.02
0.52
0.06
' 0.75
1.31
1.22
0.01
0.04
0.21
0.06
2.47
0.05
2.31
1.44
2.11
0.14
3.15
0.00
1.72
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.17
0.00
1.00
0.71
0.12
0.19
0.02
0.32
0.91
0.66
0.68
1.23
3.31
10.58
8.39
12.31
3.90
7.78
6.63
10.46
5.01
25.36
1.09
11.23
44.10
0.00
9.25
4.82
1.39
14.29
5.08
8.98
3.47
2.91
11.17
8.59
7.70
7.66
0.02
0.95
0.22
0.33
0.44
0.11
0.31
0.72
0.42
0.04
0.53
0.11
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.14
0.00
0.47
0.26
0.14
0.06
0.01
0.04
0.46
0.29
0.34
TOTAL
Percent
1.26
4.25
10.80
8.72
12.76
4.00
8.09
7.35
10.88
5.05
25.89
1.21
11.42
44.10
0.00
9.31
4.96
1.39
14.76
5.33
9.12
3.53
2.92
11.21
9.05
7.99
8.00
G-19
-------
Appendix G
Table G-4. TRI Releases and Transfers of the Top 25 Carcinogens by Each Industry, 1989.
CARC. CHEMICAL TOTAL RELEASES
RANK AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Dichloromethane
Styrcnc
Tctrachloroelhylene
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Chloroform
Lead
Chromium
Acrylonitrile
1,2-Dichlorocthanc
Nickel
Asbestos (friable)
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg. strong acid process)
1,3-Butadiene
Acrylamidc
Carbon tctrachloride
Polychlorinatcd biphenyls (PCBs)
Di-(2-cthylhcxyl) phthalate
Ethylcnc oxide
Propylene oxide
1,4-DichIoro benzene
1,4-Dioxanc
Epichlorohydrin
Hexachlorobcnzene
Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
130,355,581
41,169,973
30,058,581
30,042348
28,591,407
27325,508
19,872,648
13,403332
12,280,895
9,509,848
9,493,108
8,944,353
7,661,243
6,136,125
4,625,675
4,607,809
4,233,611
3,708,811
3,447,067
2,414,341
1,725,392
1^16,708
1,487,562
1,458,420
1,363,697
405,434,043
411,505,400
TRI GRAND TOTAL 5,705,670,380
FOOD TOBACCO TEXTILES APPAREL
SIC 20 SIC 21 SIC 22 SIC 23
Percent Percent Percent P<-rrpn»
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.22
0.30
0.16
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.61
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.48
12.66
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.33
1.19
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.30
036
0.06
6.73
2.32
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.18
2.35
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.85
0.86
0.81
0.12
0.00
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
' 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.00
. 0.00
0.00.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.07
0.04
LUMBER
SIC 24
Percent
0.16
0.36
0.46
15.18
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.91
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.25
0.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.35
1.33
0.66
G-20
-------
TRI Chemical Distribution, 1989
Table G-4. Continued.
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
FURNITURE PAPER PRINTING CHEMICALS PETROLEUM PLASTICS
SIC 25 SIC 26 SIC 27 SIC 28 SIC 29 SIC 30
Percent . Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
1 Dichloromethane 0.22 0.55 0.27 29.44 0.00 19.79
2 Styrene 0.29 0.10 0.07 29.85 0.06 25.27
3 Tetrachloroethylene 0.05 0.68 0.65 8.68 0.01 3.27
4 Formaldehyde 0.92 3.76 0.00 60.20 0.24 0.84
5 Benzene 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.70 16.39 0.00
6 Chlorofonn 0.00 74.99 0.00 14.54 0.00 0.08
7 Lead 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.67 0.21 2.50
8 Chromium 0.02 0.27 0.02 2.13 2.22 0.91
9 Acrylonitrile 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.35 0.00 0.01
10 1,2-Dichloroethane 0.00 0.00 0.00 78.47 0.13 0.64
11 Nickel 0.08 0.00 0.00 2.61 1.50 0.56
12 Asbestos (friable) 0.00 15.94 0.00 14.73 12.43 0.18
13 Isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing) 6.44 6.17 16.20 14.82 0.01 6.12
14 1,3-Butadiene 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.88 1.22 0.10
15 Aciylamide 0.00 0.01 0.00 99.98 0.00 0.00
16 Carbon tetrachloride 0.00 0.00 0.00 94.25 0.60 0.01
17 Polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs) 0.00 18.04 0.57 4.46 0.04 0.36
18 Di-(2-ethylhexyI)phthalate 9.01 0.70 0.11 16.01 0.00 36.60
19 Ethylene oxide 0.00 0.91 0.00 46.10 0.94 8.63
20 Propylene oxide 0.01 0.00 0.00 84.08 0.04 0.12
21 1,4-DichIorobenzene 0.00 0.00 0.00 77.12 0.00 0.00
22 1,4-Dioxane 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.78 0.02 12.55
23 Epichlorohydrin 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.17 0.50 0.00
24 Hexachlorobenzene 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.93 0.00 0.00
25 Vinyl chloride 0.00 0.00 0.00 80.77 0.00 0.00
SUBTOTAL FOR CARCINOGENS 0.38 6.25 0.46 32.44 1.61 10.00
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS 0.37 6.16 0.45 33.03 1.60 9.93
TRI GRAND TOTAL 1.15 5.49 1.07 48.12 1.81 3.41
G-21
-------
Appendix G
Table G-4. Continued.
CARC. CHEMICAL LEATHER STONE/CLAY PRIMARY METALS
RANK SIC 31 SIC 32 SIC 33
Percent Percent Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Dichloromcthane
Styrcne
Tctrachloroethylcnc
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Chloroform
Lead
Chromium
Acrylonitrile
1,2-Dichloroc thane
Nickel
Asbestos (friable)
Isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing)
1,3-Butadicnc
Acrylamide
Carbon tctrachloride
Polychlorinatcd biphcnyls (PCBs)
Di-(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Ethylenc oxide
Propylcne oxide
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dioxanc
Epichlorohydrin
Hcxachlorobenzcne
Vinyl chloride
0.18
0.00
0.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.88
1.32
1.41
0.57
7.41
0.00
0.00
4.44
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.01
30.13
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.01
1.07
0.35
0.00
0.00
3.58
0.05
0.00
0.03
0.00
1.35
0.48
9.67
1.66
35.78
0.00
74.63
46.31
0.00
0.00
35.98
0.15
2.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.74
0.30
0.02
0.00
0.00
2.95
0.00
0.00
0.07
FABR. METALS
SIC 34
Percent
2.97
0.21
11.99
0.12
0.00
0.00
2.69
16.55
0.00
1.12
16.64
0.00
3.29
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.96
2.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.38
0.01
0.00
0.00
MACHINERY ELECTRICAL
SIC 35 SIC 36
Percent Percent
•1.46
0.72
4.06
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.38
15.94
0.00
10.62
12.81
0.26
1.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.09
0.01
5.01
0.00
0.00
1.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.03
1.13
11.58
1.06
0.00
0.00
4.94
2.66
0.00
0.00
3.50
0.00
7.68
0.00
0.00
0.02
8.83
11.67
3.71
0.00
0.00
1.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
SUBTOTAL FOR CARCINOGENS 0.23
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS 0.23
TRI GRAND TOTAL 0.44
2.10
2.07
0.83
9.96
9.96
13.26
3.07
3.06
3.63
2.07
2.04
1.31
4.11
4.09
2.55
G-22
-------
TRI Chemical Distribution, 1989
Table G-4. Continued.
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
TRANSPORTATION
MEASURE./ MISCELLANEOUS MULTIPLE
PHOTO. CODES
NO CODES
TOTAL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Dichloromethane
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Chloroform
Lead
Chromium
Acrylonitrile
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Nickel
Asbestos (friable)
Isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing)
1,3-Butadiene
Acrylamide
Carbon tetrachloride
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Ethylene oxide
Propylene oxide
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
Hexachlorobenzene
Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
SIC 37
Percent
5.08
29.96
23.21
0.33
0.44
0.06
3.10
3.69
0.01
0.16
13.00
22.13
8.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.24
3.88
0.00
0.02
0.00
10.93
0.00
0.00
0.64
7.80 '
7.70
4.30
SIC 38
Percent
16.20
0.14
1.98
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.41
0.67
0.03
7.96
0.30
0.00
0.76
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.18
20.65
1.49
0.00
11.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.89
5.80
1.22
SIC 39
Percent
1.72
1.10
1.42
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.62
3.48
4.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.30
0.67
0.00
0.00
3.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.04
1.03
0.68
20-39
Percent
11.23
8.13
13.64
4.75
10.57
10.03
4.10
3.74
3.60
0.91
11.71
0.59
12.13
11.63
0.00
5.09
3.23
7.21
7.65
1.54
19.30
14.07
72.28
0.03
17.62
9.06
8.97
7.66
20-39
Percent
0.19
0.58
0.40
0.38
0.87
0.00
1.70
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
3.45
0.00
0.00
0.02
52.75
0.36
0.21
0.05
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.95
0.93
0.34
Percent
34.42
39.91
40.66
5.90
11.89
10.10
9.32
8.19
3.63
9.03
25.65
26.19
28.83
11.70
0.00
5.11
60.22
19.92
29.18
3.10
19.30
40.21
72.28
0.30
18.28
24.74
24.43
14.20
G-23
-------
-------
APPENDIX H
Distribution of TRI Releases and
Transfers by State, 1989
H-l
-------
Appendix H
Tafalo H-1. The Top Ten TRI Chemicals with the Largest Releases and Transfers In Each State, 1989.
STATE CHEMICAL
Alabama Carbon disulfide
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Ammonia
Chlorine
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Alaska Ammonia
Methanol
Hydrochloric acid
Chloroform
Sulfuric acid
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Benzene
Acetone
Cyclohexane
Subtotal
State Total
American Samoa Ammonia
Chlorine
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Arizona Zinc compounds
Copper compounds
Copper
Zinc (fume or dust)
Methanol
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Acetone
Barium
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Freon 113
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
3
51
39
81
88
12
59
51
79
50
513
1,796
4
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
1
3
26
48
2
1
3
3
4
16
21
3
15
3
28
1
50
46
187
651
0.17
2.84
2.17
4.51
4.90
0.67
3.29
2.84
4.40
2.78
28.56
100.00
8.33
4.17
4.17
4.17
6.25
6.25
6.25
6.25
2.08
6.25
54.17
100.00
66.67
33.33
100.00
100.00
0.61
2.46
3.23
0.46
2.30
0.46
4.30
0.15
7.68
7.07
28.73
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
45,473,676
12,392,024
7,901,642
7,140,426
6,288,303
4,396,431
3,696,213
3^81,194
3,261,239
2,972,751
96,903,899
137,761,513
18,742,221
3,062,911
2,511,500
270,811
204,000
33,458
32,238
30,873
25,016
18,636
24,931,664
24,986,799
27,750
0
27,750
27,750
7,873,000
5,870,342
4,915,561
4,243,046
3,316,278
3,040,467
2,726,473
2,278,600
2,078,903
2,060,835
38,403,505
50,764,830
33.01
9.00
5.74
5.18
4.56
3.19
2.68
2.45
2.37
2.16
70.34
100.00
75.01
12.26
10.05
1.08
0.82
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.10
0.70
99.78
100.00
100.00
0.00
100.00
100.00
15.51
11.56
9.68
8.36
6.53
5.99
5.37
4.49
4.10
4.06
75.65
100.00
H-2
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-1. Continued.
STATE CHEMICAL TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
Arkansas Ammonia
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Sulfuric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Toluene
Methanol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Acetone
Methyl ethyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
California Ammonium sulfate (solution)
1,1,1-Trichloro ethane
Ammonia
Methanol
Dichloromethane
Freon 113
Acetone
Toluene
Tetrachloroethylene
Methyl ethyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Colorado 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Freon 113
Manganese
Methanol
n-Butyl alcohol
Tetrachloroethylene
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Toluene
Glycol ethers
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Connecticut 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methanol
Dichloromethane
Toluene
Tetrachloroethylene
Freon 113
Nitric acid
Acetone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Nickel compounds
72
4
61
34
79
39
12
69
44
47
461
1,163
30
496
268
122
121
189
235
202
93
181
1,937
5,962
30
35
16
13
6
6
6
1
21
8
142
623
155
31
52
42
30
48
64
25
39
27
6.19
0.34
5.25
2.92
6.79
3.35
1.03
5.93
3.78
4.04
39.64
100.00
0.50
8.32
4.50
2.05
2.03
3.17
3.94
3.39
1.56
3.04
32.49
100.00
4.82
5.62
2.57
2.09
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.16
3.37
1.28
22.79
100.00
10.61
2.12
3.56
2.87
2.05
3.29
4.38
1.71
2.67
1.85
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
13,459,892
8,390,000
7,591,275
6,547,169
5,024,898
4,796,042
3,735,244
3,630,229
3,492,897
3,376,946
60,044,592
78,955,945
33,243,608
24,009,636
16,877,889
14,071,728
7,123,979
6,845,775
5,276,401
4,659,355
4,319,367
4,024,429
120,452,167
168,825,335
1,840,519
1,585,114
1,263,843
1,035,686
859,112
808,166
726,045
725,405
710,515
702,080
10,256,485
16,357,496
9,168,761
4,278,711
3,152,501
2,930,545
2,269,151
2,087,940
1,860,002
1,406,243
1,320,451
1,283,200
17.05
10.63
9.61
8.29
6.36
6.07
4.73
4.60
4.42
4.28
76.05
100.00
19.69
14.22
10.00
8.34
4.22
4.05
3.13
2.76
2.56
2.38
71.35
100.00
11.25
9.69
7.73
6.33
5.25
4.94
4.44
4.43
4.34
4.29
62.70
100.00
21.34
9.96
7.34
6.82
5.28
4.86
4.33
3.27
3.07
2.99
H-3
-------
Appendix H
Table H-1. Continued.
STATE
Connecticut (ConL)
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
CHEMICAL
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Methanol
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Caifoonyl sulfide
Acetone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Sulfuric acid
Dichloromethane
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Hydrochloric acid
Phosphoric acid
Ammonia
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Methanol
Acetone
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Toluene
Dichloromethane
Sulfuric acid
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Methanol
Acetone
Zinc compounds
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Ammonia
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
1,1,1-TrichIoroethane
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
513
1,461
14
7
14
1
10
9
2
2
20
8
87
270
67
83
80
20
43
101
6
52
39
111
602
1^68
88
76
78
105
114
110
80
30
88
20
789
2,468
35.11
100.00
5.19
2.59
5.19
0.37
3.70
3.33
0.74
0.74
7.41
2.96
32.22
100.00
4.27
5.29
5.10
1.28
2.74
6.44
0.38
3.32
2.49
7.08
38.39
100.00
3.57
3.08
3.16
4.25
4.62
4.46
3.24
1.22
3.57
0.81
31.97
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
29,757,505
42,963,065
2,549,802
2,037,573
1,044,778
680,000
559,404
459,638
410,009
387,169
323,653
309,011
8,761,037
11,919,774
33,645,160
31,650,625
27,185,024
24,770,930
22,290,307
10,331,185
7,551,350
5,212,915
2,748,611
2,698,950
168,085,057
192,044,588
28,062,542
8,405,961
7,674,134
6,977,337
6,733,674
4,988,117
4,774,095
4,335,292
3,974,061
3,817,366
79,742,579
117,888,623
69.26
100.00
21.39
17.09
8.77
5.70
4.69
3.86
3.44
3.25
2.72
2.59
73.50
100.00
17.52
16.48
14.16
12.90
11.61
5.38
3.93
2.71
1.43
1.41
87.52
100.00
23.80
7.13
6.51
5.92
5.71
4.23
4.05
3.68
3.37
3.24
67.64
100.00
H-4
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-1. Continued.
STATE CHEMICAL
Hawaii Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Propylene
Ammonia
Chlorine
Toluene
Glycol ethers
n-Butyl alcohol
m-Xylene
Benzene
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Idaho Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Phosphorus (yellow or white)
Ammonia
Sulfuric acid
Chloroform
Chlorine dioxide
Methanol
Freon 113
Acetone
Glycol ethers
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Illinois Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Toluene
Zinc compounds
Sulfuric acid
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
Xyleiie (mixed isomers)
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Indiana Manganese compounds
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Toluene
Dichloromethane
Hydrochloric acid
1,1,1-Trichloro ethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Ammonia
Methyl ethyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
3
3
2
7
13
2
1
1
2
2
36
101
3
2
17
15
2
2
3
4
7
3
58
169
17
207
233
156
340
239
220
136
150
80
1,778
5,018
24
197
124
196
80
126
148
199
80
113
1,287
3,298
2.97
2.97
1.98
6.93
12.87
1.98
0.99
0.99
1.98
1.98
35.64
100.00
1.78
1.18
10.06
8.88
1.18
1.18
1.78
2.37
4.14
1.78
34.32
100.00
0.34
4.13
4.64
3.11
6.78
4.76
4.38
2.71
2.99
1.59
35.43
100.00
0.73
5.97
3.76
5.94
2.43
3.82
4.49
6.03
2.43
3.43
39.02
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
2341,216
144,322
124,950
120,450
100,300
92,950
68,638
59,774
50,830
48,100
3,151,530
3,402,365
5,144,980
3,278,377
1,834,258
1,427,033
655,000
540,250
478,200
406,525
321,113
251,368
14,337,104
15,739,859
33,345,386
32,604,494
18,791,994
14,887,089
11,746,295
10,918,393
10,044,899
9,301,992
7,081,882
6,706,159
155,428,583
247,813,608
39,775,590
28,804,647
19,288,912
18,353,853
14,209,036
11,681,181
11,341,782
10,803,948
7,860,441
7,384,484
169,503,874
255,023,626
68.81
4.24
3.67
3.54
2.95
2.73
2.02
1.76
1.49
1.41
92.63
100.00
32.69
20.83
11.65
9.07
4.16
3.43
3.04
2.58
2.04
1.60
91.09
100.00
13.46
13.16
7.58
6.01
4.74
4.41
4.05
3.75
2.86
2.71
62.72
100.00
15.60
11.29
7.56
7.20
5.57
4.58
4.45
4.24
3.08
2.90
66.47
100.00
H-5
-------
Appendix H
Table H-1. Continued.
STATE CHEMICAL
Iowa Ammonia
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methanol
Ethylene glycol
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Acetone
Glycol ethers "
Tetrachloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Kansas Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Ammonia
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methanol
Ethylene
Trichloroethylene
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Propylene
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Kentucky Hydrochloric acid
Toluene
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methanol
Acetone
Zinc (fume or dust)
Ethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Glycol ethers
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Louisiana Sulfuric acid
Ammonia *
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Phosphoric acid
Methanol
Acetonitrile
Acrylic acid
Carbon disulfide
Ethylene
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
72
72
84
22
22
58
31
35
28
13
437
1,199
29
51
44
53
47
23
5
14
6
5
277
904
53
71
16
75
31
44
16
6
45
28
385
1,500
124
74
16
87
47
72
5
5
9
40
479
1,835
6.01
6.01
7.01
1.83
1.83
4.84
2.59
2.92
2.34
1.08
36.45
100.00
3.21
5.64
4.87
5.86
5.20
2.54
0.55
1.55
0.66
0.55
30.64
100.00
3.53
4.73
1.07
5.00
2.07
2.93
1.07
0.40
3.00
1.87
25.67
100.00
6.76
4.03
0.87
4.74
2.56
3.92
0.27
0.27
0.49
2.18
26.10
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
10,562,607
8,058,673
4,055,271
3,887,913
3,389,926
3,331,080
2,688,541
2,653,688
1,950,508
1,420,388
41,998,595
55,143,195
127,984,225
16,641,474
4,459,727
3,027,056
2,781,016
2,733,213
2,523,253
2,501,985
2,487,627
2,283,558
167,423,134
185,131,051
40,700,151
10,132,050
7,769,557
5,825,287
5,696,560
2,817,078
2,742,865
2,739,968
2,164,085
2,063,577
82,651,178
111,422,816
100,114,509
97,723,992
84,021,772
43,443,992
28,253,030
18,474,764
12,405,626
7,567,763
5^95,050
5,181,440
402,781,938
473,546,487
19.15
14.61
7.35
7.05
6.15
6.04
4.88
4.81
3.54
2.58
76.16
100.00
69.13
8.99
2.41
1.64
1.50
1.48
1.36
1.35
1.34
1.23
90.43
100.00
36.53
9.09
6.97
5.23
5.11
2.53
2.46
2.46
1.94
1.85
74.18
100.00
21.14
20.64
17.74
9.17
5.97
3.90
2.62
1.60
1.18
1.09
85.06
100.00
H-6
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-1. Continued.
STATE CHEMICAL
Maine Methanol
Sulfuric acid
1, 1,1-Trichloroethane
Chlorine
Acetone
Chloroform
Glycol ethers
Toluene
Chlorine dioxide
Xylene (mixed isomers)
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Maryland Methanol
Toluene
Ammonia
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Manganese compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Sulfuric acid
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Massachusetts Toluene
Methanol
Sulfuric acid
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Acetone
Freon 113
Dichloromethane
n-Butyl alcohol
Trichloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Michigan Zinc (fume or dust)
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Acetone
Copper compounds
Methanol
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
13
32
26
16
23
7
5
17
7
16
162
386
18
36
37
35
31
4
14
23
30
53
281
805
105
70
163
150
62
68
81
55
14
44
812
2,055
34
171
207
142
41
106
184
240
130
63
1,318
3,800
3.37
8.29
6.74
4.15
5.96
1.81
1.30
4.40
1.81
4.15
41.97
100.00
2.24
4.47
4.60
4.35
3.85
0.50
1.74
2.86
3.73
6.58
34.91
100.00
5.11
3.41
7.93
7.30
3.02
3.31
3.94
2.68
0.68
2.14
39.51
100.00
0.89
4.50
5.45
3.74
1.08
2.79
4.84
6.32
3.42
1.66
34.68
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
3,422,319
3,196,505
1,771,641
1,345,284
1,191,012
1,149,805
1,096,241
835,883
537,049
491,690
15,037,429
18,581,543
5,201,011
2,498,798
2,309,681
2,181,442
2,094,635
1,589,042
1,202,561
1,036,260
926,745
904,669
19,944,844
29,251,518
6,933,759
5,476,058
5,417,616
4,494,536
3,917,335
3,747,316
3,211,947
2,328,925
2,251,310
2,062,494
39,841,296
56,214,698
20,863,443
19,333,415
18,966,394
16,865,700
16,468,005
14,559,167
11,220,302
9,013,882
8,941,532
7,167,027
143,398,867
220,137,364
18.42
17.20
9.53
7.24
6.41
6.19
5.90
4.50
2.89
2.65
80.93
100.00
17.78
8.54
7.90
7.46
7.16
5.43
4.11
3.54
3.17
3.09
68.18
100.00
12.33
9.74
9.64
8.00
6.97
6.67
5.71
4.14
4.00
3.67
70.87
100.00
9.48
8.78
8.62
7.66
7.48
6.61
5.10
4.09
4.06
3.26
65.14
100.00
H-7
-------
Appendix H
Table H-1. Continued.
STATE
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
CHEMICAL
Methyl ethyl ketone
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methanol
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Acetone
Freon 113
Ethylene glycol
Dichloromethane
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia
Toluene
Sulfuric acid
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Carbonyl sulfide
Manganese compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methanol
Dichloromethane
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Zinc compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methanol
Lead compounds
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Ammonia
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Zinc compounds
Lead compounds
Manganese compounds
Copper compounds
Hydrogen fluoride
Arsenic compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Formaldehyde
Propylene
Antimony compounds
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
43
71
59
34
77
57
52
17
38
3
451
1,400
27
55
74
62
67
2
10
29
35
18
379
1,088
11
61
113
61
33
127
100
80
59
61
706
2,279
3
3
2
2
5
3
5
6
4
1
34
122
3.07
5.07
4.21
2.43
5.50
4.07
3.71
1.21
2.71
0.21
32.21
100.00
2.48
5.06
6.80
5.70
6.16
0.18
0.92
2.67
3.22
1.65
34.83
100.00
0.48
2.68
4.96
2.68
1.45
5.57
4.39
3.51
2.59
2.68
30.98
100.00
2.46
2.46
1.64
1.64
4.10
2.46
4.10
4.92
3.28
0.82
27.87
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
21,496,286
17,858,788
6,025,894
5,218,914
3,087,818
2,962,402
2,647,658
2,577,798
2,453,275
1,764,509
66,093,342
81,932,154
37,345,326
15,322,054
8,645,894
6,849,747
6,519,599
5,681,000
5,086,182
4,759,275
3,660,056
3,607,895
97,477,028
120,617,983
68,925,548
20,418,407
10,082,047
7,864,614
7,046,054
6,455,510
4,214,685
3,933,506
3,834,778
2,986,655
135,761,804
163,105,846
29,032,887
3,090,743
2,423,097
1,419,157
507,765
371,585
310,349
235,334
223,000
207,032
37,820,949
39,103,261
26.24
21.80
7.35
6.37
3.77
3.62
3.23
3.15
2.99
2.15
80.67
100.00
30.96
12.70
7.17
5.68
5.41
4.71
4.22
3.95
3.03
2.99
80.81
100.00
42.26
12.52
6.18
4.82
4.32
3.96
2.58
2.41
2.35
1.83
83.24
100.00
74.25
7.90
6.20
3.63
1.30
0.95
0.79
0.60
0.57
0.53
96.72
100.00
H-S
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-1. Continued.
STATE CHEMICAL
North Carolina Methanol
Toluene
Phosphoric acid
Chromium compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Acetone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Ammonia
Xylene (mixed isomers)
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
North Dakota Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Freon 113
Styrene
Methyl ethyl ketone
1 , 1 , 1-Trichloroethane
Hydrochloric acid
Propylene
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Nebraska Toluene
: Ammonia
Zinc compounds
Dichloromethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Antimony compounds
Freon 113
Methyl ethyl ketone
Lead compounds
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
New Hampshire Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Freon 113
Dichloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Copper
Hydrochloric acid
Xylene (mixed isomers)
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
215
198
88
46
142
57
157
150
128
138
1,319
3,062
3
4
3
2
1
4
2
3
4
1
27
75
23
38
19
7
33
26
3
8
14
5
176
469
20
41
31
16
20
3
1
18
11
14
175
411
7.02
6.47
2.87
1.50
4.64
1.86
5.13
4.90
4.18
4.51
43.08
100.00
4.00
5.33
4.00
2.67
1.33
5.33
2.67
4.00
5.33
1.33
36.00
100.00
4.90
8.10
4.05
1.49
7.04
5.54
0.64
1.71
2.99
1.07
37.53
100.00
4.87
9.98
7.54
3.89
4.87
0.73
0.24
4.38
2.68
3.41
42.58
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
18,487,271
17,602,423
15,962,423
8,942,665
8,321,901
7,951,239
7,612,308
6,075,084
4,565,030
2,934,328
98,454,672
135,058,190
255,416
241,455
146,433
115,659
105,938
66,076
65,152
57,906
35,548
35,281
1,124,864
1,358,104
4,226,620
3,776,971
2,152,482
1,492,607
1,365,721
952,257
711,330
650,437
604,818
518,000
16,451,243
20,623,709
2,065,223
1,854,686
1,461,396
1,439,499
1,403,157
706,250
640,250
498,566
497,673
451,682
11,018,382
14,392,899
13.69
13.03
11.82
6.62
6.16
5.89
5.64
4.50
3.38
2.17
72.90
100.00
18.81
17.78
10.78
8.52
7.80
4.87
4.80
4.26
2.62
2.60
82.83
100.00
20.49
18.31
10.44
7.24
6.62
4.62
3.45
3.15
2.93
2.51
79.77
100.00
14.35
12.89
10.15
10.00
9.75
4.91
4.45
3.46
3.46
3.14
76.55
100.00
H-9
-------
Appendix H
Table H-1. Continued.
STATE
New Jersey
New Mexico
Nevada
New York
CHEMICAL
Methanol
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Toluene
Acetone
Manganese compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Copper compounds
Zinc compounds
Hydrochloric acid
Barium compounds
Freon 113
Sulfuric acid
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloro ethane
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Manganese compounds
Toluene
Acetone
Sulfuric acid
Manganese
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Asbestos (friable)
Nitric acid
Hydrochloric acid
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Methanol
Dichloromethane
Toluene
Acetone
Hydrochloric acid
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Freon 113
Trichloroethylene
Sulfuric acid
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
112
20
175
102
15
106
133
92
78
72
905
3,155
3
1
6
3
7
12
11
9
8
7
67
166
1
4
4
12
3
3
3
1
4
S
43
100
102
66
156
83
137
168
124
83
67
221
1,207
2,935
3.55
0.63
5.55
3.23
0.48
3.36
4.22
2.92
2.47
2.28
28.68
100.00
1.81
0.60
3.61
1.81
4.22
7.23
6.63
5.42
4.82
4.22
40.36
100.00
1.00
4.00
4.00
12.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
1.00
4.00
8.00
43.00
100.00
3.48
2.25
5.32
2.83
4.67
5.72
4.22
2.83
2.28
7.53
41.12
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
32,248,029
12,681,705
11,745,035
7,855,657
5,830,158
4,092,488
3,948,658
3,934,861
3,358,483
3,203,648
88,898,722
124,333,859
17,319,700
9,731,000
3,606,132
881,109
598,239
577328
354,764
274,059
192,897
142,591
33,677,819
34,173,505
2,052,000
451,653
163,954
153,616
120,050
59,891
52,734
41,500
28,200
25,390
3,148,988
3,295,677
15,608,806
12,416,330
11,459,808
9,478,629
7,668,892
7,539,951
5,396,844
4,283,060
3,715,588
3,206,457
80,774,365
126,275,855
25.94
10.20
9.45
6.32
4.69
3.29
3.18
3.16
2.70
2.58
71.50
100.00
50.68
28.48
10.55
2.58
1.75
1.69
1.04
0.80
0.56
0.42
98.55
100.00
62.26
13.70
4.97
4.66
3.64
1.82
1.60
1.26
0.86
0.77
95.55
100.00
12.36
9.83
9.08
7.51
6.07
5.97
4.27
3.39
2.94
2.54
63.97
100.00
H-10
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-1. Continued.
STATE CHEMICAL
Ohio Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Manganese compounds
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia
Zinc compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Toluene
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Oklahoma Ammonia
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Sulfuric acid
Methanol
Toluene
Hydrochloric acid
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Oregon Methanol
Acetone
Toluene
Ammonia
Methyl ethyl ketone
Formaldehyde
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Sulfuric acid
Chloroform
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL ;
!
I
Pennsylvania Toluene
Methanol
Dichloromethane
Manganese compounds
Sulfuric acid
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Acetone
Ammonia
Methyl ethyl ketone
Hydrochloric acid
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
17
75
237
171
203
244
366
151
280
283
2,027
5,922
31
5
51
18
39
27
34
35
22
15
277
753
31
45
39
42
25
30
26
13
58
3
312
784
209
130
73
54
269
187
129
144
125
147
1,467
4.449
0.29
1.27
4.00
2.89
3.43
4.12
6.18
2.55
4.73
4.78
34.23
100.00
4.12
0.66
6.77
2.39
5.18
3.59
4.52
4.65
2.92
1.99
36.79
100.00
3.95
5.74
4.97
5.36
3.19
3.83
3.32
1.66
7.40
0.38
39.80
100.00
4.70
2.92
1.64
1.21
6.05
4.20
2.90
3.24
2.81
3.30
32.97
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
57,792,041
27,169,314
20,712,181
20,087,473
18,791,796
17,314,240
16,997,938
16,009,608
15,127,987
14,966,967
224,969,545
358,677,545
11,002,891
6,639,143
5,686,869
3,411,978
2,646,108
1,606,184
1,581,207
1,427,126
1,326,360
1,272,161
36,600,027
46,752,043
10,580,973
3,319,461
2,638,757
1,551,249
1,042,958
1,003,908
909,893
885,192
831,784
791,142
23,555,317
31,499,505
23,007,378
14,181,715
13,155,861
11,785,254
10,968,462
9,713,402
7,588,149
7,297,882
7,237,399
7,035,798
111,971,300
194.216.839
16.11
7.57
5.77
5.60
5.24
4.83
4.74
4.46
4.22
4.17
62.72
100.00
23.53
14.20
12.16
7.30
5.66
3.44
3.38
3.05
2.84
2.72
78.29
100.00
33.59
10.54
8.38
4.92
3.31
3.19
2.89
2.81
2.64
2.51
74.78
100.00
11.85
7.30
6.77
6.07
5.65
5.00
3.91
3.76
3.73
3.62
57.65
100.00
H-ll
-------
Appendix H
Tablo H-1. Continued.
STATE CHEMICAL
Puerto Rico Dichloromethane
Acetone
Methanol
Acetonitrile
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Freon 113
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Ammonia
Toluene
Caifaon disulfide
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Rhode Island Methanol
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Acetone
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Freon 113
Trichloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
South Carolina Methanol
Toluene
Acetone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Ammonia
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Ethylene glycol
Dichloromethane
Freon 113
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
South Dakota Freon 113
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Ammonia
Methanol
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Acetone
Phosphoric acid
Formaldehyde
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
23
30
29
3
4
30
12
31
26
1
189
557
14
48
22
19
16
14
4
22
23
14
196
556
83
65
55
75
45
69
64
56
31
22
565
1,778
5
13
5
6
6
3
6
4
11
2
61
108
4.13
5.39
5.21
0.54
0.72
5.39
2.15
5.57
4.67
0.18
33.93
100.00
2.52
8.63
3.96
3.42
2.88
2.52
0.72
3.96
4.14
2.52
35.25
100.00
4.67
3.66
3.09
4.22
2.53
3.88
3.60
3.15
1.74
1.24
31.78
100.00
4.63
12.04
4.63
5.56
5.56
2.78
5.56
3.70
10.19
1.85
56.48
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
4,435,688
3,744,676
3,563,491
1,819,517
1,781,045
1,529,971
1,453,902
1,327,526
1,266,225
1,112,000
22,034,041
26,826,844
1,630,404
1,331,001
1,296,850
1,233,888
590,682
577,457
541,110
495,743
474,666
468,416
8,640,217
10,878,502
17,534,503
10474,489
10,093,773
5,625,466
4,956,309
3,451,083
3,265,358
2,687,510
2,030,641
1,745,336
61,964,468
86,615,836
667,075
665,280
644,712
220,082
179,767
165,923
159,626
95,962
93,226
89,202
2,980,855
3,351,837
16.53
13.96
13.28
6.78
6.64
5.70
5.42
4.95
4.72
4.15
82.13
100.00
14.99
12.24
11.92
11.34
5.43
5.31
4.97
4.56
4.36
4.31
79.42
100.00
20.24
12.21
11.65
6.49
5.72
3.98
3.77
3.10
2.34
2.02
71.54
100.00
19.90
19.85
19.23
6.57
5.36
4.95
4.76
2.86
2.78
2.66
88.93
100.00
H-12
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-1. Continued.
STATE CHEMICAL
Tennessee Hydrochloric acid
Acetone
Carbon disulfide
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Methanol
Toluene
Ammonia
Carbonyl sulfide
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Texas Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Ammonia
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
Methanol
Ethylene
Toluene
Hydrochloric acid
Ethylene glycol
Acetone
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Utah Chlorine
Hydrochloric acid
Copper
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Zinc compounds
Arsenic compounds
Lead
Dichloromethane
Barium compounds
Freon 113
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Virginia Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Methanol
Acetone
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Sulfuric acid
Ethylene glycol
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Ammonia
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
63
87
6
11
67
119
59
1
91
107
611
2,064
27
232
88
342
197
88
245
206
128
161
1,714
5,899
14
22
12
24
8
2
5
7
5
16
115
457
7
81
93
116
79
91
81
35
72
66
721
1,660
3.05
4.22
0.29
0.53
3.25
5.77
2.86
0.05
4.41
5.18
29.60
100.00
0.46
3.93
1.49
5.80
3.34
1.49
4.15
3.49
2.17
2.73
29.06
100.00
3.06
4.81
2.63
5.25
1.75
0.44
1.09
1.53
1.09
3.50
25.16
100.00
0.42
4.88
5.60
6.99
4.76
5.48
4.88
2.11
4.34
3.98
43.43
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
50,727,350
42,459,860
32,090,504
21,541,737
18,685,579
15,944,166
8,776,342
7,800,000
7,016,863
5,182,995
210,225,396
263,400,319
339,378,872
53,133,597
36,257,699
29,875,262
26,777,406
23,544,124
17,690,346
16,326,217
16,185,791
15,386,780
574,556,094
792,810,307
110,232,851
10,586,915
4,073,128
3,809,348
3,725,042
2,848,300
2,390,208
1,505,030
1,433,950
1,071,459
141,676,231
148,915,352
31,266,946
22,984,009
17,161,371
10,910,791
6,308,527
6,076,520
4,775,847
3,564,486
3,361,958
2,853,086
109,263,541
134,592,526
19.26
16.12
12.18
8.18
7.09
6.05
3.33
2.96
2.66
1.97
79.81
100.00
42.81
6.70
4.57
3.77
3.38
2.97
2.23
2.06
2.04
1.94
72.47
100.00
74.02
7.11
2.74
2.56
2.50
1.91
1.61
1.01
0.96
0.72
95.14
100.00
23.23
17.08
12.75
8.11
4.69
4.51
3.55
2.65
2.50
2.12
81.18
100.00
H-13
-------
Appendix H
Tabla H-1. Continued.
STATE
Virgin Islands
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
CHEMICAL
Benzene
Toluene
p-Xylene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Ethylbenzene
Asbestos (friable)
Cyclohexane
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Naphthalene
Anthracene
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Sulfuric acid
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Mcthanol
Ammonia
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Sulfuric acid
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Acetone
Toluene
Chloroform
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Ammonia
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Sulfuric acid
Methanol
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Manganese compounds
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Lead compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Glycol ethers
Zinc (fume or dust)
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
1
1
1
1
10
19
14
9
7
18
11
10
4
3
5
4
85
148
79
5
65
50
12
31
43
56
38
46
425
1,106
189
62
152
24
121
115
12
95
75
21
866
2,488
5.26
5.26
5.26
5.26
5.26
5.26
5.26
5.26
5.26
5.26
52.63
100.00
9.46
6.08
4.73
12.16
7.43
6.76
2.70
2.03
3.38
2.70
57.43
100.00
7.14
0.45
5.88
4.52
1.08
2.80
3.89
5.06
3.44
4.16
38.43
100.00
7.60
2.49
6.11
0.96
4.86
4.62
0.48
3.82
3.01
0.84
34.81
100.00
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
331,764
319,072
234,000
210,172
72,072
50,250
29,100
11,740
3,470
2,655
1,264,295
1,274,235
385,359
317,342
166,067
138,448
105,147
104,399
91,980
83,871
79,387
78,422
1450,422
1,970,055
9,186,906
6,093,200
2,875,861
2,751,001
2,715,876
2,682,514
2,512,311
2,426,494
1,633,033
1,605,084
34,482,280
48,706,760
15,752,571
10,339,125
6,092,236
5,892,878
5,835,513
5,568,319
4,688,038
4,561,308
4,019,452
2,634,104
65,383,544
99,963,906
26.04
25.04
18.36
16.49
5.66
3.94
2.28
0.92
0.27
0.21
99.22
100.00
19.56
16.11
8.43
7.03
5.34
5.30
4.67
4.26
4.03
3.98
78.70
100.00
18.86
12.51
5.90
5.65
5.58
5.51
5.16
4.98
3.35
3.30
70.80
100.00
15.76
10.34
6.09
5.90
5.84
5.57
4.69
4.56
4.02
2.64
65.41
100.00
H-14
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-1. Continued
STATE CHEMICAL TOTAL FORMS
Number Percent
West Virginia Zinc compounds
Acetone
Methanol
Ethylene glycol
Sulfuric acid
Ammonia
Toluene
Manganese compounds
Acrylonitrile
Chlorobenzene
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Wyoming Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ammonia
Sulfuric acid
Toluene
Glycol ethers
Xylene (mixed isomers)
n-Butyl alcohol
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Propylene
Hydrochloric acid
17
15
18
13
42
28
22
6
4
3
168
670
3
5
14
6
2
7
1
2
4
6
2.54
2.24
2.69
1.94
6.27
4.18
3.28
0.90
0.60
0.45
25.07
100.00
2.34
3.91
10.94
4.69
1.56
5.47
0.78
1.56
3.13
4.69
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
6,633,423
6,028,894
5,301,324
4,358,924
3^51,608
2,495,287
2,411,243
1,915,404
1,712,042
1,678,350
35,886,499
58,992,213
13,004,010
2,019,345
1,091,535
286,457
266,850
210,454
151,000
138,050
111,114
108,173
11.24
10.22
8.99
7.39
5.68
4.23
4.09
3.25
2.90
2.85
60.83
100.00
72.04
11.19
6.05
1.59
1.48
1.17
0.84
0.76
0.62
0.60
H-15
-------
Appendix H
Table H-2. The Top Ten TRI Facilities for Total Releases and Transfers in Each State, 1989.
TRI STATE SIC
RANK CODE
14 Alabama 28
33
28
28
28
28
30
26
26
32
38 Alaska 28
26
26
29
29
29
53 American Samoa 20
Mult
29 Arizona 33
33
26
36
39
36
37
37
38
33
FACILITY NAME
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Reynolds Metals Co.
Monsanto Co.
Du Pont Mobile Plant
3MCo.
Ciba-Geigy Corp.
3M
Scott Paper Co.
U.S. Pulp & Newsprint
Reynolds Metals Co.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Union Oil Co.
Ketchikan Pulp Co.
Alaska Pulp Corp.
Tesoro Alaska Petroleum Co.
Mapco Alaska Petroleum Inc.
Chevron USA Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
VCS Samoa Packing Co.
Star-Kist Samoa Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Asarco Inc.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Stone Southwest Corp.
Motorola Inc.
Hexcel Corp.
Motorola Inc.
Garrett Engine Div.
USAF
Honeywell Inc.
Magma Copper Co.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Axis
Sheffield
Decatur
Axis
Decatur
Me Intosh
Guin
Mobile
Coosa Pines
Sheffield
Kenai
Ketchikan
Sitka
Kenai
North Pole
Kenai
Pago Pago
Pago Pago Samoa
Hayden
Claypool
Snowflake
Mesa
Casa Grande
Phoenix
Phoenix
Tucson
Phoenix
San Manuel
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
44,397,570
8,223,650
4,623,400
4,438,912
2,989,470
2,727,250
2,688,850
2,643,550
2,357,734
2,341,800
77,432,186
137,761,513
18,558,521
5,153,450
1,125,649
104,800
24,235
20,144
24,986,799
24,986,799
26,250
1,500
27,750
27,750
16,574,800
13,660,904
3,305,781
2,761,986
2,231,040
1,927,035
630,459
628,145
458,960
458,585
42,637,695
50,764,830
32.23
5.97
3.36
3.22
2.17
1.98
1.95
1.92
1.71
1.70
56.21
100.00
74.27
20.62
4.50
0.42
0.10
0.08
100.00
100.00
94.59
5.41
100.00
100.00
32.65
26.91
6.51
5.44
4.39
3.80
1.24
1.24
0.90
0.90
83.99
100.00
H-16
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE SIC
RANK CODE
25 Arkansas 28
33
28
33
28
28
30
36
28
39
11 California 28
28
26
26
28
28
37
29
37
37
42 Colorado 33
38
Mult
Mult
Mult
28
34
35
37
Mult
32 Connecticut 28
28
Mult
37
35
39
37
28
28
34
FACILITY NAME
Agricultural Minerals Corp.
US Vanadium Corp.
Great Lakes Chemical Co.
Nucor-Yamato Steel Co.
Ethyl Corp.
Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
Viskase Corp.
Whirlpool Corp.
Arkansas Eastman Co.
Ner Data Products Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Filtrol Corp.
Union Oil Co. Unocal
Louisiana-Pacific Corp.
Simpson Paper Co.
Molycorp. Inc.
Procter & Gamble Manufacturing
General Motors Corp.
Texaco Refining & Marketing
Douglas Aircraft Co.
Rohr Industries
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CF&I Steel Corp.
Kodak Colorado Div.
Schlage Lock Co.
Adolph Coors Co.
Hewlett Packard
Syntex Chemicals Inc.
Ball Packaging Products Group
Storage Technology Corp.
Martin Marietta Astronautics
US Department of Energy
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Pfizer Inc.
Uniroyal Chemical Co. Inc.
Dow Chemical Co.
Pratt & Whitney
UNC Naval Products
William Prym Inc.
Pratt & Whitney
Upjohn Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
Stanadyne Automotive Products
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Blytheville
Hot Springs
El Dorado
Barfield
Magnolia
El Dorado
Osceola
Fort Smith
Batesville
Blytheville
Vemon
Brea
Samoa
Eureka
Mountain Pass
Sacramento
Van Nuys
Bakersfield
Long Beach
Riverside
Pueblo
Windsor
Security
Golden
Loveland
Boulder
Golden
Louisville
Littleton
Golden
Groton
Naugatuck
Gales Ferry
North Haven
Uncasville
Dayville
East Hartford
North Haven
Wallingford
Windsor
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
11,582,300
10,445,450
9,488,426
5,126,740
2,159,500
2,088,085
1,959,200
1,779,900
1,260,735
1,149,167
47,039,503
78,955,945
29,595,850
5,756,919
5,480,200
5,060,500
3,577,700
2,299,208
2,179,512
1,689,687
1,576,414
1,536,360
58,752,350
168,825^35
1,766,944
1,024,735
1,016,617
985,501
836,270
778^50
715,030
572,903
552,024
461307
8,709,681
16,357,496
6,183,136
2,284,509
1,859,793
1,369,418
1,124,140
1,124,045
843,557
840,157
740,720
697425
17,067,000
42,963,065
14.67
13.23
12.02
6.49
2.74
2.64
2.48
2.25
1.60
1.46
59.58
100.00
17.53
3.41
3.25
3.00
2.12
1.36
1.29
1.00
0.93
0.91
34.80
100.00
10.80
6.26
6.21
6.02
5.11
4.76
4.37
3.50
3.37
2.82
53.25
100.00
14.39
5.32
4.33
3.19
2.62
2.62
1.96
1.96
1.72
1.62
39.72
100.00
H-17
-------
Appendix H
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE
RANK
45 Delaware
9 Florida
20 Georgia
47 Hawaii
SIC
CODE
37
28
37
28
28
28
28
29
28
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
26
28
26
26
39
Mult
26
33
26
28
26
28
33
28
28
Mult
20
29
29
34
34
20
30
20
24
FACILITY NAME
Newark Assembly Plant
Ciba-Geigy Corp.
General Motors Corp.
ICI Americas Inc.
Du Pont Edgemoor
Standard Chlorine of Delaware
General Chemical Corp.
Star Enterprise
Noramco of Delaware Inc.
Allied-Signal Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. (a)
Monsanto Co.
Royster Co.
IMC Fertilizer Inc.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Stone Container Corp.
Royster Phosphates Inc.
ITTRayonierlnc.
St. Joe Forest Products Co.
Tricil Recovery Services Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Union Camp Corp.
Macon Kraft Inc.
Atlantic Steel Co.
Georgia Pacific Corp.
DSM Chemicals Augusta Inc.
Great Southern Paper
Chemical Products Corp.
Atlantic Steel Co.
PPG Industries
Hercules Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Dole Packaged Foods Co.
Maui Pineapple Co. Ltd.
Chevron USA Inc.
Hawaiian Independent Refinery
Reynolds of Hawaii Inc.
Earle M. Jorgensen Co.
Waialua Sugar Co. Inc.
Grain Industries Inc.
Alpac Corp. Dba Pepsi-Cola
Honolulu Wood Treating Co.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Newark
Newport
Wilmington
New Castle
Wilmington
Delaware City
Claymont
Delaware City
Wilmington
Claymont
Mulberry
Cantonment
Mulberry
Mulberry
White Springs
Panama City
Palmetto
Femandina Beach
Port Saint Joe
Bartow
Savannah
Macon
Atlanta
Brunswick
Augusta
Cedar Springs
Cartersville
Cartersville
East Point
Brunswick
Honolulu
Kahului
Ewa Beach
Ewa Beach
Ewa Beach
Ewa Beach
Waialua
Waipahu
Honolulu
Ewa Beach
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
2,366,693
2,143,400
1,313,064
1,190,968
825,182
514,538
454,729
453,911
422356
228,051
9,912,892
11,919,774
32,013,400
25,622,958
9,946,646
9,663,500
9,510,680
9,152,660
8,389,000
7,176,190
7,099,500
6,263,338
124,837,872
192,044,588
13,463,088
5,665,500
5,072,689
5,041,225
3,719,240
3,617,450
3,423,500
3,091,793
2,728,643
2,414,148
48,237,276
117,888,623
1,292,550
1,105,216
351,900
237,030
171,101
144,071
48,600
42,227
4,900
1,669
3,399,264
3,402,365
19.86
17.98
11.02
9.99
6.92
4.32
3.81
3.81
3.54
1.91
83.16
100.00
16.67,
13.34
5.18
5.03
4.95
4.77
4.37
3.74
3.70
3.26
65.00
100.00
11.42
4.81
4.30
4.28
3.15
3.07
2.90
2.62
2.31
2.05
40.92
100.00
' 37.99
32.48
10.34
6.97
5.03
4.23
1.43
1.24
0.14
0.05
99.91
100.00
H-18
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE SIC
RANK CODE
43 Idaho 28
28
Mult
36
36
28
35
Mult
Mult
20
6 Illinois 28
28
28
28
33
33
33
20
33
28
5 Indiana Mult
33
28
28
38
28
33
28
27
Mult
28 Iowa 26
28
Mult
20
33
28
30
28
27
28
FACILITY NAME
Kerr-Mcgee Vanadium Facility
FMC Corp.
Potlatch Corp.
American Microsystems Inc.
Micron Technology Inc.
J. R. Simplot Co.
Hewlett Packard Co.
Monsanto Co.
J. R. Simplot Co.
Ore-Ida Foods Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Monsanto Co.
3M
Pfizer Pigments Inc.
Cabot Corp.
Keystone Steel & Wire Co.
Northwestern Steel & Wire Co.
Granite City Steel
Com Products & Best Foods
USS South Works
PMC Specialties Group
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Inland Steel Co.
National Steel Corp.
Eli Lilly & Co.
GE Plastics
3M Co. Visual Systems Div.
Eli Lilly & Co.
Bethlehem Steel Corp.
Eli Lilly & Co.
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co.
Delco Electronics Corp.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
3MCo.
Terra International Inc.
Climax Molybdenum Co.
Penford Products Co.
Alcoa
Monsanto Co.
Norplex Oak
Quantum Chemical Corp.
Meredith/Burda Co. Ltd.
Diosynth Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Soda Springs
Pocatello
Lewiston
Pocatello
Boise
Pocatello
Boise
Soda Springs
Caldwell
Burley
Cahokia
Cordova
East Saint Louis
Tuscola
Peoria
Sterling
Granite City
Bedford Park
Chicago
Chicago
East Chicago
Portage
Shadeland
Mount Vernon
Hartford City
Indianapolis
Chesterton
Clinton
Warsaw
Kokomo
Knoxville
Sergeant Bluff
Fort Madison
Cedar Rapids
Davenport
Muscatine
Postville
Clinton
Des Moines
Sioux City
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
4,207,446
3,401,297
1,929,250
1,802,660
1,438,953
661,800
398,240
259,017
257,640
198,250
14,554453
15,739,859
25,261,353
17,631,532
16,071,496
12,736,893
7,667,098
7,367,619
4,818,637
4,780,400
4,650,080
4,621,910
105,607,018
247,813,608
57,273,300
24,586,030
11,532,772
8,836,735
5,091,010
4,922,080
4,754,950
4,422,500
4,163,554
3,215,659
128,798,590
255,023,626
4,507,566
4,098,600
3,906,900
3,209,450
2,573,000
2,313,002
2,095,551
1,670,539
1,310,870
1,166,611
26,852,089
55.143.195
26.73
21.61
12.26
11.45
9.14
4.20
2.53
1.65
1.64
1.26
92.47
100.00
10.19
7.11
6.49
5.14
3.09
2.97
1.94
1.93
1.88
1.87
42.62
100.00
22.46
9.64
4.52
3.47
2.00
1.93
1.86
1.73
1.63
1.26
50.50
100.00
8.17
7.43
7.09
5.82
4.67
4.19
3.80
3.03
2.38
2.12
48.70
100.00
H-19
-------
Appendix H
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE SIC
RANK CODE
10 Kansas 28
28
29
28
Mult
28
28
Mult
28
30
21 Kentucky 28
33
28
28
28
Mult
36
33
33
37
2 Louisiana 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
Mult
28
40 Maine Mult
31
26
26
26
26
26
30
26
Mult
FACILITY NAME
Vulcan Chemicals
Atochem N.A. — Racon Facility
Farmland Industries Inc.
Farmland Industries Inc.
Boeing Wichita
Koch Chemical Co.
PQCorp.
Texaco Refining & Marketing
Procter & Gamble Mfg.
Flexel Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
DuPont
Bar-met Aluminum Corp.
Air Products & Chemicals Inc.
American Synthetic Rubber
BF Goodrich
Aristech Chemical Corp.
GTE Products Corp.
Armco Steel Co. L.P.
Newport Steel Corp.
Ford Motor Co.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
American Cyanamid Co.
BASF Corp.
Triad Chemical
Arcadian Corp.
Freeport Mcmoran, Agrico Chem. Div.
Freeport McMoran, Agrico Chem. Div.
CF Industries Inc.
Citgo Petroleum Corp.
Star Enterprise
Angus Chemical Co.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Georgia-Pacific Corp.
Prime Tanning Co. Inc.
International Paper
lames River Paper Co.
Great Northern Paper
Boise Cascade Paper Group
S.D. Warren Co.
Jones & Vining Inc.
Lincoln Pulp & Paper Co. Inc.
Pioneer Plastics Corp.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Wichita
Wichita
Coffeyville
Lawrence
Wichita
Pittsburg
Kansas City
El Dorado
Kansas City
Tecumseh
Louisville
Livia
Calvert City
Louisville
Calvert City
Florence
Versailles
Ashland
Newport
Louisville
Westwego
Geismar
Donaldsonville
Geismar
Donaldsonville
Uncle Sam
Donaldsonville
Lake Charles
Convent
Sterlington
Woodland
Berwick
Jay
Bangor
Millinocket
Rumford
Westbrook
Lewiston
Lincoln
Auburn
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
92,349,716
54,505,751
5,899,771
3,410,150
3,184,000
1,790,107
1,722,749
1,669,916
1,337,743
1,152,600
167,022,503
185,131,051
39,829,058
6,851,181
5,681,750
5,443,330
2,621,543
2,389,783
2,387,813
1,972,653
1,931,304
1,743,558
70,851,973
111,422,816
192,350,800
40,802,088
26,152,046
24,967,500
17,254,750
15,410,826
11,916,150
10,581,113
10,109,645
7,456,487
357,001,405
473,546,487
2,499,584
1,447,676
1,396,325
1,313,695
1,245,230
1,235,391
1,035,700
891,818
702,117
622,921
12,390,457
18.581.543
49.88
29.44
3.19
1.84
1.72
0.97
0.93
0.90
0.72
0.62
90.22
100.00
35.75
6.15
5.10
4.89
2.35
2.14
2.14
1.77
1.73
1.56
63.59
100.00
40.62
8.62
5.52
5.27
3.64
3.25
2.52
2.23
2.13
1.57
75.39
100.00
13.45
7.79
7.51
7.07
6.70
6.65
5.57
4.80
3.78
3.35
66.68
100.00
H-20
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE SIC
RANK CODE
36 Maryland 26
28
33
27
28
37
Mult
20
Mult
31
27 Massachusetts Mult
38
26
28
36
28
Mult
30
30
26
7 Michigan 28
33
33
33
28
28
33
33
Mult
31
24 Minnesota Mult
Mult
26
26
29
24
Mult
36
37
24
FACILITY NAME
Westvaco Corp.
W. R. Grace & Co. -Conn.
Bethlehem Steel Corp.
Maxwell Communication Corp.
FMC Corp.
General Motors Corp.
American Cyanamid Co.
Red Star Yeast
Abe Rail Corp.
W. D. Byron & Sons Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Monsanto Co.
Polaroid Corp.
James River Graphics Inc.
Chemedesign Corp.
AT&T
ICI Americas Inc
Teledyne Rodney Metals
Millipore Corp.
Flexcon Co. Inc.
Erving Paper Mills
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
The Upjohn Co.
National Steel
Copper Range Co.
General Motors Corp.
Genesis Polymers
Lomac Inc.
Dofasco Inc.
Rouge Steel Co.
Delco Products Div.
Eagle Ottawa Leather Co.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
3M Consumer AV & Consumer Prod.
3M Chemolite Center
3M
Potlatch Corp.
Koch Refining Co.
Andersen Corp.
ICI Composites Inc.
Sheldahl Inc.
Ford Twin Cities Assembly
Crystal Cabinet Works Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Luke
Baltimore
Sparrows Point
Glen Bumie
Baltimore
Baltimore
Havre De Grace
Baltimore
Baltimore
Williamsport
Springfield
Waltham
South Hadley
Fitchburg
North Andover
Dighton
New Bedford
Bedford
Spencer
Erving
Kalamazoo
Ecorse
White Pine
Saginaw
Marysville
Muskegon
Detroit
Dearborn
Livonia
Grand Haven
Hutchinson
Cottage Grove
Saint Paul
Cloquet
Saint Paul
Bayport
Winona
Northfield
Saint Paul
Princeton
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
7,940,335
2,978,649
2,906,370
1,806,520
1,277,731
982,800
809,342
650,073
632,843
505,873
20,490,536
29,251,518
8,043,889
2,696,035
1,919,144
1,711,216
1,285,110
1,141,403
907,478
891,500
874,645
857,564
20,327,984
56,214,698
22,997,339
17,562,820
16,330,870
8,825,874
6,825,300
5,054,082
4,916,562
4,520,750
3,829,459
3,618,750
94,481,806
220,137,364
28,998,967
9,820,143
4,911,574
2,539,850
2,053,904
1,709,516
1,428,259
1,341,690
1,267,163
1,147,967
55,219,033
81,932,154
27.15
10.18
9.94
6.18
4.37
3.36
2.77
2.22
2.16
1.73
70.05
100.00
14.31
4.80
3.41
3.04
2.29
2.03
1.61
1.59
1.56
1.53
36.16
100.00
10.45
7.98
7.42
4.01
3.10
2.30
2.23
2.05
1.74
1.64
42.92
100.00
3539
11.99
5.99
3.10
2.51
2.09
1.74
1.64
1.55
1.40
67.40
100.00
H-21
-------
Appendix H
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE SIC
RANK CODE
19 Mississippi 28
28
Mult
32
28
22
27
35
25
Mult
12 Missouri 28
33
28
33
28
30
Mult
37
37
37
33 Montana 33
29
26
33
29
29
24
28
24
24
39 Nebraska 30
33
28
28
28
31
Mult
28
34
36
FACILITY NAME
Du Pont Delisle Plant
Mississippi Chemical Corp.
Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corp.
Harshaw Chemical Co.
Amoco Petroleum Additives Co.
Gencorp Polymer Products
Ringier America Inc.
Heatcraft Inc.
Johnston Tombigbee Furniture
Chevron USA Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Columbian Chemicals Co.
Herculaneum Smelter
Mallinckrodt Specially
Asarco Inc.
Monsanto Co.
3MCo.
Syntex Agribusiness Inc.
Ford Motor Co.
Mcdonnell Douglas Corp.
Ford Motor Co.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Asarco Inc.
Exxon Co. USA
Stone Container Corp.
Columbia Falls Aluminum Co.
Conoco Billings Refinery
Cenex Refinery
Plum Creek Manufacturing Inc
Rhone Poulenc Basic Chemicals
Louisiana Pacific Corp.
Plum Creek Timber Co. Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
Asarco Inc.
Arcadian Corp.
Cominco Fertilizers
Norden Laboratories
Lackawanna Leather Co.
AT&T Network Systems
Farmland Industries Inc.
Continental Food Pkg.
Imprimis Technology Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Pass Christian
Yazoo City
Hamilton
Jackson
Natchez
Columbus
Corinth
Grenada
Columbus
Pascagoula
Saint Louis
Herculaneum
Saint Louis
Glover
Saint Louis
Nevada
Springfield
Claycomo
Saint Louis
Hazelwood
East Helena
Billings
Missoula
Columbia Falls
Billings
Laurel
Columbia Falls
Silverbow
Missoula
Evergreen
Lincoln
Omaha
Laplatte
Beatrice
Lincoln
Omaha
Omaha
Beatrice
Omaha
Omaha
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
42,517,217
14,176,423
9,118,563
6,306,550
4,729,725
4,031,360
3,494,331
2^10,357
1,935,167
1,813,701
90,633,394
120,617,983
52,461,020
17,110,851
10,561,144
9,858,068
9,614,895
3,677,722
2,984,046
2,720,023
2,260,750
2,219,450
113,467,969
163,105,846
36,615,059
678,113
382,880
353,000
327,540
212,725
145,750
96,015
88,342
37,500
38,936,924
39,103,261
3,186,771
2,994,600
1,631,783
1,447,950
1,333,500
1,288,714
517,981
500,112
477,300
451,200
13,829,911
20,623,709
35.25
11.75
7.56
5.23
3.92
3.34
2.90
2.08
1.60
1.50
75.14
100.00
32.16
10.49
6.48
6.04
5.89
2.25
1.83
1.67
1.39
1.36
69.57
100.00
93.64
1.73
0.98
0.90
0.84
0.54
0.37
0.25
0.23
0.10
99.57
100.00
15.45
14.52
7.91
7.02
6.47
6.25
2.51
2.42
2.31
2.19
67.06
100.00
H-22
-------
TRI State Distribution. 1989
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE SIC
RANK CODE
49 Nevada 28
27
33
28
30
34
30
34
28
28
44 New Hampshire 36
26
Mult
Mult
Mult
Mult
Mult
Mult
35
39
18 New Jersey 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
34 New Mexico 33
33
28
36
29
36
29
36
37
29
FACILITY NAME
Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corp.
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co.
Kennametal Inc.
Aervoe-Pacific Co. Inc.
Carsonite International Corp.
American Buildings Co.
O'Sullivan Plastics Corp.
Martin Iron Works Inc.
Pioneer Chlor Alkali Co. Inc.
Sun Chemical Corp.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Hadco Corp.
James River U.S. Holdings Inc.
Nashua Corp.
Davidson Interior Trim
Sturm Ruger Co. Inc.
Davidson Instrument Panel
General Electric Co.
Webster Foundry Co.
New Hampshire Ball Bearings
Action Manufacturing Inc..
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Merck & Co. Inc.
Sun Chemical Corp.
Givaudan Corp.
Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
Old Bridge Chemicals Inc.
Hercules Inc.
Alliance Chemical Inc.
Permacel
Sandoz Chemicals
Kalama Chemical Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Phelps Dodge Mining Co.
Chino Mines Co.
Climax Chemical Co.
Honeywell
Navajo Refining Co.
Motorola Inc.
Bloomfield Refining Co. Inc.
Siemens Communication Systems
GE Aircraft Engines
Giant Refining Co.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Henderson
Reno
Fallen
Gardnerville
Carson City
Carson City
Yerington
Reno
Henderson
Reno
Deny
Berlin
Merrimack ,
Dover
Newport
Farmington
Somersworth
Franklin
Peterborough
Gonic
Rahway
Newark
Clifton
Nutley
Old Bridge
Parlin
Newark
New Brunswick
Fair Lawn
Garfield
Playas
Hurley
Monument
Albuquerque
Artesia
Albuquerque
Bloomfield
Albuquerque
Albuquerque
Gallup
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
2,072,700
369,179
226,150
127,653
115,530
53,200
53,078
52,800
45,003
29,985
3,145,278
3,295,677
1,575,165
1,547,508
1,341,420
1,036,758
597,002
472,184
401,554
381,834
364,865
294,150
8,012,440
14,392,899
7,875,472
7,361,500
6,406,025
6,324,696
5,870,111
3417,530
3,491,350
3,060,797
2,273,170
2,170,001
48,350,652
124,333,859
20,847,699
7,592,371
3,565,250
390,016
288,490
209,923
204,148
175,964
158,238
137,344
33,569,443
34,173,505
62.89
11.20
6.86
3.87
3.51
1.61
1.61
1.60
1.37
0.91
95.44
100.00
10.94
10.75
9.32
7.20
4.15
3.28
2.79
2.65
2.54
2.04
55.67
100.00
6.33
5.92
5.15
5.09
4.72
2.83
2.81
2.46
1.83
1.75
38.89
100.00
61.01
22.22
10.43
1.14
0.84
0.61
0.60
0.51
0.46
0.40
98.23
100.00
H-23
-------
Appendix H
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE SIC
RANK CODE
17 New York 38
28
38
None
28
Mult
28
33
32
28
IS North Carolina 28
28
28
26
28
Mult
26
26
Mult
28
51 North Dakota 30
29
35
35
30
35
39
30
20
39
3 Ohio 28
Mult
28
33
33
33
33
28
33
30
FACILITY NAME
Eastman Kodak Co.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
Anitec Image Corp.
Oxychem
BASF Corp.
Harrison Radiator Div.
General Electric Co.
Roth Bros. Smelting Corp.
Coming Inc.
Lederle Laboratories
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Texasgulf Inc.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
DuPont
Champion International Corp.
Cape Industries
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co.
Federal Paper Board Co. Inc.
Shufrod Mills Inc.
Hickory Springs Manufacturing
ICI Americas Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Sioux Manufacturing Corp.
Amoco Oil Co.
Melroe Co.
Steiger Tractor Inc.
3MCo.
Hutchinson Wil-Rich
Wm. Langer Jewel Bearing Plant
Mor-TechFablnc.
American Crystal Sugar Co.
Nordic Fiberglass Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
BP Chemicals Inc.
Elkem Metals Co.
Phthalchem
Empire
Armco Steel Co. L.P.
General Motors Corp.
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
SCM Chemicals Inc.
LTV Steel Co. Inc.
General Electric Co.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Rochester
Syracuse
Binghamton
Niagara Falls
Rensselaer
Lockport
Waterford
East Syracuse
Corning
Pearl River
Aurora
Castle Hayne
Leland
Canton
Wilmington
Winston-Salem
Riegelwood
Hickory
Conover
Fayetteville
FortTotten
Mandan
Gwinner
Fargo
Wahpeton
Wahpeton
Rolla
Williston
Hillsboro
Devils Lake
Lima
Marietta
Cincinnati
Mansfield
Middletown
Defiance
Mingo Junction
Ashtabula
Cleveland
Coshocton
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
18,123,187
7,601,013
4,785,588
4,500,524
3,018,512
2^31,403
2,158,853
1,973,217
1,959,120
1,678,118
48329,535
126,275,855
17,852,400
8,840,571
6,648,662
3,500,866
3,019,780
2,842,823
2,010,764
1,998,010
1,970,168
1,944,750
50,628,794
135,058,190
336,535
308,025
186^88
139,360
125,738
79,472
25,646
25,089
21,250
20,057
1,267,560
1,358,104
56,731,350
15,771,470
12,950458
10,738,009
9383,640
8,457,295
7,291,899
6,374,750
5,989,248
5,629,704
139,317,923
358,677,545
14.35
6.02
3.79
3.56
2.39
2.00
1.71
1.56
1.55
1.33
38.27
100.00
13.22
6.55
4.92
2.59
2.24
2.10
1.49
1.48
1.46
1.44
37.49
100.00
24.78
22.68
13.72
10.26
9.26
5.85
1.89
1.85
1.56
1.48
93.33
100.00
15.82
4.40
3.61
2.99
2.62
2.36
2.03
1.78
1.67
1.57
38.84
100.00
H-24
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE SIC
RANK CODE
31 Oklahoma 28
28
28
Mult
28
33
29
34
Mult
None
35 Oregon 26
Mult
26
Mult
26
28
26
33
36
33
8 Pennsylvania 33
38
28
28
26
33
28
28
33
33
37 PuertoRico Mult
30
28
28
28
28
28
28
Mult
28
FACILITY NAME
Agricultural Minerals Corp.
Farmland Industries Inc.
Terra International Inc.
Moore Business Forms
Wil-Gro Fertilizer Inc.
Fansteel Metals
Petrolite Specialty
Rogers Galvanizing Co.
Eagle-Picher Industries Inc.
3MCo.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Boise Cascade Papers
3MCo.
James River Inc.
Oregon Overlay Div.
James River Inc.
Georgia Pacific Resins Inc.
Georgia-Pacific Corp.
Glenbrook Nickel Co.
Siltec Silicon
Teledyne Wah Chang Albany
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
USS Fairless Works
Du Pont Towanda Plant
Rohm & Haas DVI
Allied-Signal Inc.
International Paper Co.
Allegheny Ludlum Corp.
Heico Chemicals Inc.
Rohm & Haas Delaware Valley
USS Clairton Works
Carpenter Technology Corp.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Abbott Chemicals Inc.
Viskase Puerto Rico Corp.
Du Pont Agrichemicals Manati
Sobering Industrial
Eli Lilly Industries Inc.
Sterling Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Bristol-Myers Barceloneta Inc.
Merck Sharp & Dohme Quimica
Phillips P.R. Core
Squibb Mfg. Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Verdigris
Enid
Woodward
Still water
Pryor
Muskogee
Bamsdall
Tulsa
Quapaw
Weamerford
Saint Helens
White City
Clatskanie
Portland
Portland
Albany
Toledo
Riddle
Salem
Albany
Fairless Hills
Towanda
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Erie
Brackenridge
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
9,014,287
4,585,550
4,054,600
2,563,603
2,215,550
1,763,150
1,578,000
1,464,376
1,152,700
1,141,798
29,533,614
46,752,043
6,985,349
3,477,870
1,724,618
1,376,250
809,400
683,871
614,930
524,300
517,246
483,950
17,197,784
31,499,505
12,893,470
10,555,545
7,422,634
4,336,500
4,253,420
3,353,913
Delaware Water Gap 3,259,731
Bristol
Clairton
Reading
Barceloneta
Barceloneta
Manati
Manati
Mayaguez
Barceloneta
Barceloneta
Barceloneta
Guayama
Humacao
3,112,582
2,992,698
2,915,569
55,096,062
194,216,839
3,784,744
2,642,750
2,287,271
2,044,380
1,849,200
1,672,579
1,181,600
1,095,095
1,090,107
885,791
18,533^17
26,826,844
19.28
9.81
8.67
5.48
4.74
3.77
3.38
3.13
2.47
2.44
63.17
100.00
22.18
11.04
5.48
4.37
2.57
2.17
1.95
1.66
1.64
1.54
54.60
100.00
6.64
5.43
3.82
2.23
2.19
1.73
1.68
1.60
1.54
1.50
28.37
100.00
14.11
9.85
8.53
7.62
6.89
6.23
4.40
4.08
4.06
3.30
69.09
100.00
H-25
-------
Appendix H
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE SIC
RANK CODE
46 Rhode Island 28
27
28
32
Mult
28
34
Mult
34
28
23 South Carolina 30
Mult
28
26
26
28
28
Mult
Mult
33
48 South Dakota 28
36
24
20
32
24
33
35
30
30
4 Tennessee 28
28
28
28
20
28
Mult
Mult
28
Mult
FACILITY NAME
Olin Hunt Specialty
Maxwell Communication Corp.
Hoechst Celanese Corp.
GTE Products Corp.
Arlon Inc.
Arkwright Inc.
Stanley-Bostitch Inc.
James River Corp.
Providence Metallizing Co.
Pacific Anchor Chemical Corp.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Westinghouse Electric Corp.
Anchor Continental Inc.
Hoechst Celanese Corp.
Westvaco Corp.
Stone Container Corp.
Albright & Wilson Americas
Amoco Chemical Co.
Vytech Industries Inc.
Ethyl Corp.
AT&T
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
3MCo.
SCI Mfg. Inc.
Starmark Inc.
John Morrell & Co.
CR Industries
Merillat Industries Inc.
Alumax Extrusions Inc.
Imprimis Technology
Raven Industries Inc.
Telelect Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
DuPont
Tennessee Eastman Co.
BASF Corp.
ICI Americas Inc.
Kraft Food Ingredient Corp.
North American Rayon Corp.
Witco Corp.
DuPont
Arcadian Corp.
Holliston Mills Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Lincoln
Providence
Coventry
Central Falls
East Providence
Fiskeville
East Greenwich
Johnston
Pawtucket
Cumberland
Hampton
Columbia
Rock Hill
North Charleston
Florence
Charleston
Wando
Anderson
Orangeburg
Gaston
Brookings
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Sioux Falls
Springfield
Rapid City
Yankton
Aberdeen
Sioux Falls
Watertown
New Johnsonville
Kingsport
Lowland
Mount Pleasant
Memphis
Elizabethton
Memphis
Memphis
Memphis
Church Hill
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
1,072,546
936,701
874,367
589,033
459,587
323,330
321,254
316,864
267,050
230,241
5,390,973
10,878,502
8,303,320
4,716,953
4,540,085
3,308,900
3,148,985
2,607,855
2,331,870
2,049,191
1,823,140
1,806,346
34,636,645
86,615,836
1,096,305
534,556
321,800
167,330
98,004
89,200
80,637
79,739
77,900
64,500
2,609,971
3,351,837
57,022,345
45,253,659
25,624,950
6,125,905
6,062,300
5,924,850
5,312,397
5,282,055
4,109,994
3,888,942
164,607,397
263,400,319
9.86
8.61
8.04
5.41
4.22
2.97
2.95
2.91
2.45
2.12
49.56
100.00
9.59
5.45
5.24
3.82
3.64
3.01
2.69
2.37
2.10
2.09
39.99
100.00
32.71
15.95
9.60
4.99
2.92
2.66
2.41
2.38
2.32
1.92
77.87
100.00
21.65
17.18
9.73
2.33
2.30
2.25
2.02
2.01
1.56
1.48
62.49
100.00
H-26
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE SIC
RANK CODE
1 Texas 28
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
28
28
13 Utah 33
33
Mult
37
33
28
38
37
33
36
50 Vermont 37
25
25
36
28
34
Mult
25
25
36
52 Virgin Islands 29
FACILITY NAME
Monsanto Co.
Du Pont Beaumont Works
BP Chemicals
Du Pont Victoria Site
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
Du Pont Sabine River Works
Air Products Mfg. Corp.
Amoco Oil Co.
American Chrome & Chemicals
Hoechst Celanese Chemical
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Magnesium Corp. of America
Kennecott Utah Copper
Hercules Inc.
Thiokol Corp.
Nucor Steel
Laroche Industries Inc.
Litton Systems
Thiokol Corp.
Western Zirconium
UNISYS
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
General Electric Co.
Ethan Allen Inc.
Ethan Allen Inc.
IBM
C.E. Bradley Laboratories Inc.
General Electric Co.
Hercules Aerospace
New England Woodcraft Inc.
Ethan Allen Inc.
Dowty Custom Electronics Co.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Hess Oil Virgin Islands Corp.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Alvin
Beaumont
Port Lavaca
Victoria
Texas City
Orange
Pasadena
Texas City
Corpus Christ!
Pasadena
Tooele
Bingham Canyon
Magna
Promontory
Plymouth
Orem
Salt Lake City
Clearfield
Ogden
Salt Lake City
North Clarendon
Orleans
Beecher Falls
Essex Junction
Brattleboro
Burlington
Vergennes
Forest Dale
Randolph
Brandon
St Croix
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
206,533,205
88,094,984
65443,672
32,314,457
20,574,970
18,010,133
15,190,634
14,217,928
12,801,950
12,364,236
485,646,169
792,810^07
119,060,425
15,473^00
3,009,035
2,031,900
819,700
692,828
605,132
574,000
553,400
513,462
143,333,182
148,915^52
231389
205,325
185,750
127,044
119,670
110,450
80,841
78,761
63,445
49,097
1,251,772
1,970,055
1,274,235
1,274,235
1,274,235
26.05
11.11
8.27
4.08
2.60
2.27
1.92
1.79
1.61
1.56
61.26
100.00
79.95
10.39
2.02
1.36
0.55
0.47
0.41
0.39
0.37
0.34
96.25
100.00
11.75
10.42
9.43
6.45
6.07
5.61
4.10
4.00
3.22
2.49
64.68
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
H-27
-------
Appendix H
Table H-2. Continued.
TRI STATE
RANK
16 Virginia
30 Washington
26 West Virginia
22 Wisconsin
SIC
CODE
28
28
Mult
26
28
28
30
28
34
26
26
26
37
26
28
37
37
Molt
37
Mult
33
28
28
28
28
28
33
28
28
28
33
33
33
28
26
33
26
Mult
26
26
FACILITY NAME
Allied Signal
Hoechst Celanese
Westvaco Coip
Stone Hopewell Inc.
Aqualon Co.
Du Pont Spruance Site
O'Sullivan Corp.
Westvaco Corp.
Crown Cork & Seal Co. Inc.
Union Camp Corp.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Weyerhaeuser Co.
ITTRayonierlnc.
BCAG
Simpson Tacoma Kraft Co.
Chevron Chemical Co.
Boeing Commercial Airplanes
Boeing Aerospace & Electronics
Weyerhaeuser Co.
Boeing Co.
ITT Rayonier Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel
Du Pont Belle Plant
Union Carbide C&P Co.
Union Carbide Chemicals
LCP Chemicals
GE Chemicals Inc.
Weirton Steel Corp.
Union Carbide Chemicals
Du Pont Washington Works
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Fort Howard Steel Inc.
Waupaca Foundry Inc.
Charter Processing
PPG Industries Inc.
CPI- Kraft Div.
Waupaca Foundry Inc.
Nekoosa Packaging
KohlerCo.
James River Corp.
Port Ed wards Mill
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CITY
Hopewell
Narrows
Covington
Hopewell
Hopewell
Richmond
Winchester
Covington
Winchester
Franklin
Cosmopolis
Port Angeles
Everett
Tacoma
Kennewick
Auburn
Seattle
Longview
Renton
Hoquiam
Follansbee
Belle
Institute
South Charleston
Moundsville
Washington
Weirton
Sistersville
Washington
Apple Grove
Green Bay
Waupaca
Saukville
Oak Creek
Wisconsin Rapids
Waupaca
Tomahawk
Kohler
Green Bay
Port Edwards
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
34,748,970
11,962,337
10,165,680
5,774,250
5,137,560
3,822,853
3,164,496
2,808,647
1,953,850
1,887,022
81,425,665
134,592,526
8,472,600
5,706,400
2,222,315
2,031,067
1,544,672
1,492,774
1,476,284
1,325,694
1,175,073
1,133,800
26,580,679
48,706,760
10,543,249
6,718,887
4,989,079
3,742,827
3,038,315
2,685,532
2,348,823
2,128,246
2,120,988
1,449,500
39,765,446
58,992,213
7,440,000
7,366,716
6,132,060
3,226,061
3,128,250
2,831,117
2,548,600
2,423,477
2,010,245
1,930,700
39,037,226
99,963,906
25.82
8.89
7.55
*.29
3.82
2.84
2.35
2.09
1.45
1.40
60.50
100.00
17.40
11.72
4.56
4.17
3.17
3.06
3.03
2.72
2.41
2.33
54.57
100.00
17.87
11.39
8.46
6.34
5.15
4.55
3.98
3.61
3.60
2.46
67.41
100.00
7.44
7.37
6.13
3.23
3.13
2.83
2.55
2.42
2.01
1.93
39.05
100.00
H-28
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-2. ConUnued.
TRI STATE
RANK
SIC FACILITY NAME
CODE
CITY
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
41 Wyoming
28 Coastal Chem Inc.
28 Riverton Chemical Co.
29 Amoco Oil Co.
29 Frontier Refining Inc.
34 Crown Coric & Seal Co. Inc.
28 Chevron Chemical Co.
29 Sinclair Refinery
20 Western Sugar Co.
29 Little America Refining Co.
28 Church & Dwight Co. Inc.
SUBTOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Cheyenne
Riverton
Casper
Cheyenne
Worland
Rock Springs
Sinclair
Lovell
Casper
Green River
15,133,055
932,502
464,886
416404
330,000
166,901
140,066
127,066
111,136
94,700
83.84
5.17
2.58
2.31
1.83
0.92
0.78
0.70
0.62
0.52
17,916,816
18,050,866
99.26
100.00
(a) Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. has submitted a revision to TRI regarding their 1989 releases and transfers.
The revised amount for their total releases and transfers is 4,487,000.
H-29
-------
Appendix H
Table H-3. TR1 Releases and Transfers of the Top 25 Carcinogens by State, 1989.
CARC, CHEMICAL
RANK
1 Dichloromcthane
2 Styrcne
3 Tetrachloroethylene
4 Formaldehyde
5 Benzene
6 Chloroform
7 Lead
8 Chromium
9 Acrylonitrile
10 1,2-Dichloroelhane
11 Nickel
12 Asbestos (friable)
13 Isopropyl alcohol (tnfg.-Strong acid process)
14 1,3-Butadicne
IS Acrylamide
16 Carbon tctrachloridc
17 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
18 Di-{2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
19 Ethylcne oxide
20 Propylcnc oxide
21 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
22 1,4-Dioxane
23 Epichlorohydrin
24 Hcxachlorobenzene
25 Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR 25 CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF ALL CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF STATE TOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
1 Dichloromcthane
2 Styrene
3 Tetnchloroethylene
4 Formaldehyde
5 Benzene
6 Chloroform
7 Lead
8 Chromium
9 Acrylonitrilc
10 1,2-Dichloroethane
11 Nickel
12 Asbestos (friable)
13 Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-Strong acid process)
14 1,3-Butadicne
15 Acrylamide
16 Carbon tetrachloride
17 Polychlorinated biphcnyls (PCBs)
18 Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
19 Ethylcne oxide
20 Propylcnc oxide
21 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
22 1,4-Dioxane
23 Epichlorohydrin
24 Hexachlorobenzene
25 Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTALFOR 25 CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF ALL CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF STATE TOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Alabama
Pounds
1,802,587
296,817
190,108
341,661
1,625,628
2,679,012
1,202,975
532,925
182,195
64,027
95,758
245,038
26,698
28,026
1,225
669,857
64,000
750
0
2,460
0
97,408
64^74
0
750
10,214,279
99.19
10,297,989
7.48
137,761313
Hawaii
Pounds
41,701
0
0
0
48,100
0
1,750
0
0
750
1,500
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
94,301
97.90
96327
2.83
3,402,365
Alaska
Pounds
0
0
0
500
30,873
270,811
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
302,184
100.00
302,184
1.21
24,986,799
Idaho
Pounds
0
42,525
48,444
111,059
0
655,000
14,071
0
0
0
0
0
29,100
0
0
1,000
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
901,699
99.94
902,263
5.73
15,739,859
American
Samoa
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
27,750
Illinois
Pounds
4,129,213
2^00,944
1,567,960
268,470
1,888,205
85,500
536,789
776,974
451,713
86,194
799,585
1,504
481,528
27,505
11,456
81,123
1,821
102,917
179,083
24,291
963,650
51390
6358
0
130,032
14,954,205
98.76
15,142,669
6.11
247,813,608
Arizona
Pounds
466362
259,793
401,598
32,064
1,278
77,481
683,626
680,650
0
0
235,850
0
38336
0
0
0
10,232
0
12,001
0
0
8,039
0
0
0
2,907,310
92.55
3,141,195
6.19
50,764,830
Indiana
Pounds
14,209,036
2,647,447
2,736,987
460,634
2,675,581
70,990
754390
556,250
1,032
1,548,568
333,103
52,1 12
730,812
36,589
0
19,824
0
172,033
65,900
153,518
38,095
74348
0
0
0
27337,249
99.43
27/193,691
10.78
255,023,626
Aricansas
Pounds
2,115,133
234,890
212,066
363,264
42360
635,966
798,088
215,707
0
64301
70,190
112,000
120,246
286
0
66,646
0
97,457
101,250
3,501
0
0
3,438
0
0
5,256,789
98.51
5336,292
6.76
78,955,945
Iowa
Pounds
852,840
865,978
1,420,388
63,275
33,510
0
61 ,922
308,841
660330
126,201
85,428
0
23,212
217,000
0
0
0
126,100
3,216
250
0
29350
500
0
0
4,878,741
99.93
4,881,991
8.85
55,143,195
California
7,123,979
2,477,508
4319,367
468,139
433,477
656,409
1361,572
239,485
1331
2,400
134,492
1,903,911
630,142
5,992
3,988
36,349
118,176
117,747
82,199
582,083
0
242393
859
7
1,054
21,143,259
99.67
21,213,798
12.57
168,825335
Kansas
Pounds
608,929
357,952
177312
274,281
358,332
276,680
4,866
43,495
3300
7,230
4,900
12,460
5,698
46
0
464,880
0
1,235
102,806
11,026
7343
0
1,706
1306
127
2,726,510
96.76
2,817,761
1.52
185,131,051
H-30
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-3. Continued.
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
1 Dichloromethane
2 Styrene
3 Tetrachloroethylene
4 Formaldehyde
5 Benzene
6 Chloroform
7 Lead
8 Chromium
9 Acrylonitrile
10 1,2-Dichloroethane
11 Nickel
12 Asbestos (friable)
13 Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-Strong acid proces!
14 1,3-Butadiene
15 Acrylamide
16 Carbon tetrachloride
17 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
18 Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
19 Ethylene oxide
20 Propylene oxide
21 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
22 1,4-Dioxane
23 Epichlorohydrin
24 Hexachlorobenzene
25 Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR 25 CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF ALL CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF STATE TOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
1 Dichloromethane
2 Styrene
3 Tetrachloroethylene
4 Formaldehyde
5 Benzene
6 Chloroform
7 Lead
8 Chromium
9 Acrylonitrile
10 1,2-Dichloroethane
11 Nickel
12 Asbestos (friable)
Colorado
Pounds
674333
88,428
808,166
167446
34,438
0
197,366
142,753
0
725,405
131,647
0
5) 7300
840
10
49,823
500
14,850
19,274
30
0
0
0
0
0
3,062,709
98.69
3,103,477
18.97
16357,496
Kentucky
Pounds
1408,538
753,708
588,956
55^92
544,078
325336
538,764
112,431
220,020
267388
124,104
317,240
13 Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-Strong acid process) 243,238
14 1,3-Butadiene
15 Acrylamide
16 Carbon tetrachloride
17 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
18 Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
19 Ethylene oxide
20 Propylene oxide
21 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
22 1,4-Dioxane
23 Epichlorohydrin
24 Hexachlorobenzene
25 Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR 25 CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF ALL CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF STATE TOTAL
STATE TOTAL
325,949
70,479
32,412
310,953
61,226
88486
10,022
0
11,000
6,741
0
49,652
6466,813
99.46
6,602,511
5.93
111,422,816
Connecticut
Pounds
3,152,501
717565
2,269,151
627422
46,761
107466
156,701
173,693
53,125
3562
204,242
250
500
105300
12,924
180,811
0
57475
43,785
247,657
0
0
0
0
0
8,161,991
99.68
8,188,481
19.06
42,963,065
Louisiana
Pounds
587,152
4,077,528
732454
4436,094
1400,036
1,145,480
113,168
89312
542,245
2,766,947
54,715
281,245
262,861
417,736
1359,379
428,202
69,924
3,651
579,187
117,251
137
31,419
40,465
3,861
175,040
19,915489
93.67
21,261343
4.49
473,546,487
Delaware
Pounds
309,011
95,976
110,415
6339
69,722
0
0
2410
25,470
450
3545
0
0
72580
0
162470
0
1400
29,702
1,240
50,256
0
28,258
0
174,637
1,144,981
99.57
1,149,949
9.65
11,919,774
Maine
Pounds
42403
90,159
92492
162,181
0
1,149,805
10,200
3,478
0
0
3586
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,178
0
20,898
750
0
0
1479,980
95.83
1,648,714
8.87
18481443
District of
Columbia
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
Florida
Pounds
2,748,611
2,497,432
269,839
64534
0
1,157,585
287408
100548
133441
0
94,252
16,690
102,893
0
119
0
0
3,850
75,614
1,016
0
0
0
0
9,150
7463,982
99.52
7,600,174
3.96
192,044488
Maryland Massachusetts
Pounds
567,791
183,986
41,411
10,247
179,634
661407
61,668
52,272
0
35,648
17,833
0
71414
0
0
110,094
95
672
2551
0
0
7
0
0
0
1,997,330
99.19
2,013,651
6.88
29,251418
Pounds
2328,925
563,885
258,228
767,268
0
20400
44,175
251,281
25,742
0
144,445
0
398,123
0
750
0
195,478
211,858
22,016
0
330555
0
26510
0
0
5490,539
97.36
5,742,330
10.21
56,214,698
Georgia
Pounds
3,632,046
1,451,003
721,111
667,724
914,093
2308,834
678376
266,422
76
496
124,170
628535
100,992
129,141
3,250
0
236,630
90,178
247,794
15520
2318
0
15,615
0
32
12,235,156
99.85
12,253,418
10.39
117,888,623
Michigan
Pounds
7,167,027
1436,254
357,477
2,007,883
737,418
403,477
1,457,137
1,166,438
50,787
285322
995,031
2,000
180,252
15590
6444
90,037
324321
92360
6,819
22,884
67
0
3,719
0
2319
16511463
98.80
17,116398
7.78
220,137364
H-31
-------
Appendix H
Table H-3. Continued.
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
I Dichlorometfiane
2 Styrene
3 Tctrachloroethylcne
4 Formaldehyde
5 Benzene
6 Chloroform
7 Lead
8 Chromium
9 Acrylonitrile
10 1,2-Dichloroelliane
11 Nickel
12 Asbestos (friable)
13 Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-Strong acid process)
14 1,3-BuUdicnc
15 Acrylamide
16 Carbon tctrachloride
17 Polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs)
18 Di-(2-ethylhcxyl) phthalate
19 Elhylene oxide
20 Propylene oxide
21 1,4-Dichlorobenzcne
22 1,4-Dioxane
23 Epichlorohydrin
24 Hexachlorob«nzcne
25 Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR 25 CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF ALL CARCINOGENS
TOTALFOR ALL CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF STATE TOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
1 Dichloromethane
2 Styrene
3 Tetrachloroethylene
4 Formaldehyde
5 Benzene
6 Chloroform
7 Lead
8 Chromium
9 Acrylonitrile
10 1,2-Dichlorocthane
11 Nickel
12 Asbestos (friable)
13 Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-Strong acid process)
14 1,3-Butadienc
15 Acrylamide
16 Carbon tetrachloride
17 Polychlorinatcd biphenyls (PCBs)
18 Di-(2-ethyIhexyl) phthalate
19 Ethylene oxide
20 Propylene oxide
21 1,4-DicMorobcnzcne
22 1,4-Dioxane
23 Epichlorohydrin
24 Hexachlorobcnzene
25 Vinyl chlorids
SUBTOTAL FOR 25 CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF ALL CARCINOGENS
TOTALFOR ALL CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF STATE TOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Minnesota
Pounds
2,453,275
787396
209,465
715,833
297,974
356,001
228,647
194,599
0
50347
246,031
0
112,057
14,081
0
0
0
3,490
850
398
0
20,039
0
0
0
5,690,483
99.58
5,714,368
6.97
81,932,154
Ohio
Pounds
4339,812
3,575,440
2,431,815
2333,030
1,915,057
158,688
2,751,674
1,225,687
3,071,698
49
1380,603
316,706
593,929
705,801
2460
41,552
95,560
161,000
79,498
3^22
5
127,446
3338
0
95,904
25/U0.774
99.21
25,613,151
7.14
358,677,545
Mississippi
Pounds
3,607,895
341,794
42,505
346352
266,961
424,630
69,159
312,567
278,541
1,756
81,997
900
85,731
2,500
0
1,000
1,250
98,048
139,649
4,608
0
49,728
23,275
0
76,218
6,257,064
99.18
6308,639
5.23
120,617,983
Oklahoma
Pounds
1,272,161
367,705
854330
61,034
91,076
151,700
27,019
143332
0
0
74,779
24,750
27,764
5,438
0
1,480
15,700
17,221
9,900
3,900
0
0
0
0
78,521
3,227,810
99.82
3,233,560
6.92
46,752,043
Missouri
Pounds
3,834,778
406^67
683,151
681,798
8,768
356,242
535,951
305,876
0
121367
225310
0
58,104
0
503
501
130,179
132362
20,250
10,878
501
9316
131
0
13,050
7335,283
99.79
7,550,967
4.63
163,105,846
Oregon
Pounds
496,930
599304
71,219
1,003,908
1,750
791,142
30,783
42,811
0
0
527300
16,034
12,278
0
0
0
34,800
8,286
0
0
0
21,130
2,592
0
0
3,660,267
99.85
3,665,815
11.64
31,499,505
Montana
Pounds
0
685
0
235334
69,080
72,780
866
0
0
0
0
0
0
1362
0
960
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
381,067
100.00
381,067
0.97
39,103,261
Pennsylvania
Pounds
13,155,861
1,281,377
975,062
2,179,677
3^29,221
1,057,995
1431,713
2,760,023
37,785
240,478
954450
2,281,990
381,775
77470
9,798
11,875
1369,836
480399
112346
5,781
18300
30,696
529
0
165,240
32,649,877
99.54
32,801,168
16.89
194,216,839
North
Carolina
Pounds
7,951,239
596,836
1,158,460
1,444,563
153368
2,247,811
57,157
68,152
14,246
400,474
62,988
347,459
147,792
5,250
2,201
0
117,140
220,611
48,793
18,142
0
160,610
5,727
0
7
15,229,026
98.86
15,404,669
11.41
135.058,190
Puerto Rico
Pounds
4,435,688
5,737
179,786
7,620
104334
361,024
14,877
2,800
0
30^101
1,000
18,960
19,861
0
0
0
0
250
261310
0
0
10,802
3481
o
0
5,458,531
99.98
5,459,541
20.35
26,826,844
North
Dakota
Pounds
0
66,076
0
500
26,919
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3408
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
97,003
99.99
97,012
7.14
1358,104
Rhode Island
Pounds
577,457
107,478
468,416
11418
0
0
1,235
12,865
0
34,934
25,141
0
3,900
0
0
0
250
31,928
39,128
22
o
0
5,000
o
0
1319,272
99.53
1325,514
12.18
10,878402
H-32
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-3. Continued.
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
1 Dichloromethane
2 Styrene
3 Tettachloroethylene
4 Formaldehyde
5 Benzene
6 Chloroform
7 Lead
8 Chromium
9 Aciylonitrile
10 1,2-Dichloroethane
11 Nickel
12 Asbestos (friable)
13 Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-Strong acid process)
14 1,3-Butadiene
15 Acrylamide
16 Carbon tctrachloride
17 Polychlorinated biphcnyls (PCBs)
18 Di-(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
19 Ethylene oxide
20 Propylene oxide
21 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
22 1,4-Dioxane
23 Epichlorohydrin
24 Hexachlorobenzene
25 Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR 25 CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF ALL CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF STATE TOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
Pounds Pounds
1 Dichloromethane
2 Styrene
3 Tetrachloroethylene
4 Formaldehyde
5 Benzene
6 Chloroform
7 Lead
8 Chromium
9 Aciylonitrile
. 10 1,2-Dichloroethane
11 Nickel
12 Asbestos (friable)
13 Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-Strong acid process)
14 1,3-Butadiene
15 Acrylamide
16 Carbon tetrachloride
17 Polychlorinated biphenyb (PCBs)
18 Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
19 Ethylene oxide
20 Propylene oxide
21 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
22 1,4-Dioxane
23 Epichlorohydrin
24 Hexachlorobenzene
25 Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR 25 CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF ALL CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF STATE TOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Nebraska
Pounds
1,492,607
162,152
243,070
0
78
0
27,176
19,777
0
0
12,441
0
0
0
0
0
0
164106
14,800
0
0
250
0
0
0
1,988,857
99.49
1,999,068
9.69
20,623,709
South
Carolina
Pounds
2,030,641
638,242
890,288
649,442
608,791
347,632
42,498
233358
326,828
582,234
206,467
1,019
256373
6,400
815
8
26,000
94,008
111481
15368
225
161,623
500
0
0
7,230,341
99.60
7,259,579
8.38
86,615,836
Nevada
Pounds
1300
14,132
0
0
184
0
0
250
0
0
500
41400
1,069
0
0
0
0
1,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
59,935
9948
60,187
1.83
3,295,677
South
Dakota
Pounds
0
50,474
1,650
89,202
2,467
0
0
250
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
144,293
100.00
144,293
4.30
3351,837
New Hampshire
Pounds
1,439,499
67,423
196571
19,967
500
124333
31,758
32,981
0
0
68,820
0
63,735
0
0
0
0
29,441
3300
0
0
5457
0
0
0
2,084,285
98.36
2,119,057
14.72
14392,899
Tennessee
Pounds
3425456
1,661,973
743,499
319,746
222,145
389,906
716,211
176,252
8,264
258,782
603,842
960,158
785,206
255,801
1,223
207,864
158,942
333,655
180,687
2,720
0
48,948
2,230
5,029
0
11468,639
98.18
11,783,238
4.47
263,400319
New Jersey
Pounds
2,191,324
249,842
327,154
482,498
240,273
197,699
30,817
105441
7404
248470
63,610
80471
678,465
412
1,824
965,709
3,600
495,494
59,668
146351
0
250
63,918
0
152,841
6,793,935
90.44
7411,749
6.04
124,333,859
Texas
Pounds
3,282,432
4,473,406
551,888
5,611,229
5,792,002
1,490,836
1421,404
632,118
4,161,673
423351
212,255
1,124,873
406,406
3,443,026
3,092,937
818477
310,695
32417
535,770
846,074
24340
7,096
1,174,822
1,448,017
236,685
41,654,429
97.07
42,912,618
5.41
792,810307
New Mexico
Pounds
0
4,205
0
46,053
67,295
0
750
1401
0
0
2,250
0
0
105
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
122,159
100.00
122,159
036
34,173405
Utah
1405,030
4,420
18,100
8,200
157,615
0
2390,208
24,816
0
1,200
12254
57,860
0
0
0
0
396,251
22,175
26,977
0
0
63328
0
0
0
4J688.434
99.99
4,688,934
3.15
148,915352
New York
Pounds
12,416330
260313
2.406,958
472,042
1,031,728
86,647
628,945
186,732
2,035
104480
168,432
21,666
294,057
21,953
141
11,628
155,260
129483
51,869
37,670
0
233,237
853
0
2,438
18,725,097
99.18
18,880,805
14.95
126,275,855
Virginia
2,111,796
721,143
150388
603,794
549378
1344,682
24,427
291,298
308,942
0
347,032
2,778
47,948
72
16,184
34,000
0
101438
18,781
1,075
0
0
0
0
0
6,675,256
99.73
6,693,004
A3!
134492426
H-33
-------
Appendix H
Table H-3. Continued.
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
1 Dichloromelhane
2 Styrcne
3 Tetnchlorocthylene
4 Formaldehyde
S Benzene
6 Chloroform
7 Lead
8 Chromium
9 Acrylonitrile
10 1,2-Dichlorocthsne
H Nickel
12 Asbestos (frisble)
13 Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-Strong acid process)
14 1,3-Butadienc
IS Actylamide
16 Carbon tettachloride
17 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
18 Di-(2-cthylhcxyl) phthalate
19 Elhylcnc oxide
20 Fropylene oxide
21 1/MJichlorobenzene
22 1,4-Dioxane
23 Epichlorohydrin
24 Hexachlorobcnzene
25 Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR 25 CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF ALL CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF STATE TOTAL
STATE TOTAL
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
1 Dichloromethane
2 Styrcne
3 Tetrachloroethylene
4 Formaldehyde
5 Benzene
6 Chloroform
7 Lead
8 Chromium
9 Acrylonitrile
10 1,2-Dichloroethanc
11 Nickel
12 Asbestos (friable)
13 Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-Strong acid process)
14 1,3-Butadiene
15 Actylamide
16 Carbon tetrachloride
17 Polychlorinatcd biphenyls (PCBs)
18 Di-(2-cthylhc*yl) phthalate
19 Ethylenc oxide
20 Propylcnc oxide
21 1,4-Dichlorobcnrcnc
22 1/t-Di'oxane
23 Epichlorohydrin
24 Hexachlorobenzene
25 Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL FOR 25 CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF ALL CARCINOGENS
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
PERCENT OF STATE TOTAL
STATE TOTAL
Virgin Vermont
Islands
Pounds Pounds
0 18,040
0 8,686
0 6,816
0 32,854
331,764 0
0 0
0 1,924
0 8,880
0 0
0 0
0 9,189
50,250 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1,700 0
0 0
0 5,700
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
383,714 92,089
100.00 100.00
383,714 92,089
30.11 4.67
1,274,235 1,970,055
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
130,355381
41,169,973
30,058,581
30,042,348
28,591,407
27,325,508
19,872,648
13,403332
12,280,895
9,509,848
9,493,108
8,944,353
7,661,243
6,136,125
4,625,675
4,607,809
4,233,611
3,708,811
3,447,067
2,414,341
1,725,392
1316,708
1,487,562
1,458,420
1,363,697
405,434,043
98.52
411,505,400
7.21
5,705,670,380
Washington
Pounds
1,244,248
931,207
3,800
273,856
220,195
2,715,876
16,408
27,671
0
15,300
13,102
23,244
54,195
16,800
1,000
134
38,886
10,190
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,606,112
99.87
5,613,359
11.52
48,706,760
West
Virginia
Pounds
1,209,487
1,366,999
340
171,622
1,651,821
1,062,252
5,866
82,250
1,712,042
1,010,236
33,970
0
46,760
195,674
26,021
113,685
0
10350
48,398
113,736
289,000
0
0
0
0
9,150,509
98.91
9,251,588
15.68
58,992,213
Wisconsin
Pounds
1,693,977
879,083
119,120
777,476
7,937
899,693
20,063
794,830
230
0
499369
0
130^93
0
344
0
47,132
117,100
20,829
7369
0
0
1373
0
0
6,016,518
99.58
6,042,055
6.04
99,963,906
Wyoming
0
0
0
6,123
79,202
0
0
250
0
0
250
0
0
0
o
o
0
0
0
0
o
o
0
o
0
85,825
100.00
85,827
0.48
18,050,866
H-34
-------
TRI State Distribution, JPSP
TableH-4. TRI Releases and Transfers in Each State by Industry, 1989.
TRI
RANK
14
38
53
29
25
11
42
32
45
54
9
20
47
43
6
5
28
10
21
2
40
36
27
7
24
19
12
33
39
49
44
18
34
17
15
51
3
31
35
g
37
46
23
48
4
1
13
50
52
16
30
26
22
41
STATE TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
137,761,513
24,986,799
27,750
50,764,830
78,955,945
168,825335
16357,496
42,963,065
11,919,774
0
192,044,588
117,888,623
3,402,365
15,739,859
247,813,608
255,023,626
55,143,195
185,131,051
111,422,816
473,546,487
18,581,543
29,251,518
56,214,698
220,137^64
81,932,154
120,617,983
163,105,846
39,103,261
20,623,709
3,295,677
14392,899
124,333,859
34,173,505
126,275,855
135,058,190
1,358,104
358,677^45
46,752,043
31,499405
194,216,839
26,826,844
10,878,502
86,615,836
3351,837
263,400319
792,810307
148,915,352
1,970,055
1,274,235
134,592326
48,706,760
58,992,213
99,963,906
18,050,866
FOOD
SIC 20
Percent
0.67
0.00
94.59
0.85
2.11
3.31
2.62
0.14
0.67
0.00
0.41
0.80
34.07
4.06
2.69
0.70
11.47
0.22
0.42
0.12
0.52
3.97
0.33
0.76
1.37
0.50
1.38
0.14
2.70
0.38
0.32
0.68
0.01
0.66
1.20
3.17
0.62
0.24
2.18
0.56
0.61
0.01
0.19
9.01
4.61
0.68
0.15
5.82
0.00
0.56
1.82
0.01
3.36
0.72
TOBACCO TEXTILES
SIC 21 SIC 22
Percent Percent
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.00
0.91
0.00
0.00
1.46
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.17
0.43
0.00
2.06
0.78
0.00
0.02
5.68
0.00
0.00
0.26
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
3.33
0.53
3.40
0.14
0.00
3.38
0.42
0.00
0.01
0.00
2.36
1.20
0.00
0.96
7.87
0.00
0.39
0.24
0.00
0.41
0.26
6.24
8.04
0.00
0.21
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.79
0.03
0.00
0.89
0.00
APPAREL
SIC 23
Percent
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.13
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.15
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.21
0.00
0.01
0.00
LUMBER
SIC 24
Percent
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.88
0.86
1.80
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.65
0.70
0.71
0.30
1.90
2.20
0.18
0.15
0.90
1.55
0.19
0.10
0.06
5.25
1.49
0.12
0.77
0.52
0.07
1.74
0.90
0.25
0.09
1.16
0.06
0.27
0.13
7.95
1.17
0.01
0.14
0.89
12.43
0.26
0.14
0.37
1.67
0.00
1.70
2.29
1.79
1.55
0.01
TOTAL
5,705,670,380
1.19
0.03
0.81
0.04
0.66
H-35
-------
Appendix H
Table H-4. Continued.
TRI STATE FURNITURE
RANK SIC 25
Percent
14
38
53
29
25
11
42
32
45
54
9
20
47
43
6
5
28
10
21
2
40
36
27
7
24
19
12
33
39
49
44
IS
34
17
15
51
3
31
35
8
37
46
23
48
4
1
13
50
52
16
30
26
22
41
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
0.99
0.00
0.00
0.65
234
1.60
1.95
0.02
0.47
0.00
0.41
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.42
1.62
0.57
0.02
0.23
0.00
0.71
0.00
056
2.26
0.06
3.13
0.30
0.00
2.06
0.00
0.46
0.14
0.00
1.85
13.47
0.00
0.28
0.69
0.29
1.09
0.03
0.00
1.09
0.00
1.54
0.07
0.05
28.12
0.00
7.43
0.17
0.00
0.87
0.00
PAPER
SIC 26
Percent
11.98
25.13
0.00
651
4.66
7.96
1.87
1.27
1.13
0.00
17.44
22.40
0.00
0.02
2.43
0.89
10.29
0.01
1.82
1.02
55.68
28.60
11.42
2.79
1257
2.02
0.19
0.98
0.27
0.00
1254
3.82
0.00
5.63
9.14
0.00
4.18
2.67
35.28
6.74
0.00
1.49
10.39
0.00
2.63
1.30
0.00
4.00
0.00
8.46
41.08
0.00
19.25
0.00
PRINTING CHEMICALS PETROLEUM
SIC 27 SIC 28 SIC 29
Percent Percent Percent
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.67
0.03
0.36
0.15
0.47
0.05
0.00
0.16
2.22
0.00
0.00
3.99
2.26
2.57
0.28
2.00
0.00
0.32
6.97
0.85
0.10
0.76
2.90
0.62
0.00
0.00
11.20
1.07
0.81
0.04
1.78
1.93
0.00
0.52
0.05
0.05
1.86
0.00
8.61
1.43
0.05
2.63
0.15
0.00
1.24
0.00
3.46
0.00
0.00
2.09
0.00
52.02
74.27
0.00
1.04
38.90
34.22
10.59
28.84
58.43
0.00
59.45
25.29
0.05
53.68
46.11
16.54
23.86
85.92
55.83
89.04
1.85
19.84
11.88
25.62
1.00
54.80
52.11
0.33
24.79
69.46
2.61
68.63
10.48
26.52
38.87
0.02
33.86
45.64
5.98
20.48
55.34
26.80
21.97
32.71
61.69
83.07
2.87
6.07
0.00
48.20
8.10
61.89
7.01
90.91
0.20
0.60
0.00
0.01
0.16
6.76
4.69
0.00
3.81
0.00
0.00
0.04
17.31
0.00
1.50
0.82
0.00
4.06
0.82
3.72
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.28
3.05
0.52
0.03
3.21
0.00
0.06
0.00
1.23
1.84
0.47
0.01
22.68
1.00
5.74
0.04
2.27
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
4.04
0.43
0.00
100.00
0.63
2.51
0.58
0.13
6.46
PLASTICS
SIC 30
Percent
257
0.00
0.00
1.37
7.94
6.03
2.39
3.80
1.53
0.00
1.47
4.67
1.24
0.22
4.84
5.81
7.25
1.11
3.39
0.00
4.92
1.44
7.23
4.42
1.26
4.92
3.67
0.00
17.11
5.36
3.53
2.37
0.11
2.21
6.38
36.97
5.47
2.77
4.01
3.38
10.70
2.07
17.90
6.08
4.77
0.65
0.08
0.24
0.00
5.46
3.61
1.09
4.25
0.00
TOTAL
1.15
5.49
1.07
48.12
1.81
3.41
H-36
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-4. Continued.
TRI STATE
RANK
14
38
53
29
25
11
42
32
45
54
9
20
47
43
6
5
28
10
21
2
40
36
27
7
24
19
12
33
39
49
44
18
34
17
15
51
3
31
35
8
37
46
23
48
4
1
13
50
52
16
30
26
22
41
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
LEATHER STONE/CLAY PRIMARY METALS FABR. METALS
SIC 31 SIC 32 SIC 33 SIC 34
Percent Percent Percent Percent
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.16
0.10
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.20
1.49
0.00
0.07
0.00
13.40
1.73
0.51
2.09
1.44
0.00
0.78
0.00
6.25
0.00
0.01
1.27
0.00
0.68
0.66
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.24
1.14
1.68
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
2.60
0.00
1.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.55
3.48
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.06
1.88
0.00
0.00
1.11
1.69
0.06
0.38
0.63
0.04
0.05
1.73
0.51
0.46
0.35
5.33
0.43
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.20
0.54
0.00
3.29
0.53
1.58
1.23
0.93
0.17
2.14
0.10
5.41
0.50
2.92
0.73
0.28
0.02
3.39
0.00
0.48
0.01
0.94
1.70
0.00
13.70
0.00
0.00
61.50
20.95
4.84
11.77
4.30
0.69
0.00
0.71
7.87
0.00
0.00
18.48
20.78
7.55
0.15
16.35
0.27
0.00
11.43
1.84
26.82
1.03
0.31
18.66
94.54
15.99
7.80
7.75
3.80
83.23
6.28
0.98
0.00
21.95
7.75
9.75
29.89
0.28
2.18
4.53
2.41
4.12
2.81
91.72
1.21
0.00
1.82
3.90
26.29
28.25
0.00
3.24
0.00
0.00
1.64
3.21
7.65
10.39
15.60
0.03
0.00
1.53
2.88
9.26
1.38
5.91
2.89
3.82
0.53
1.54
0.71
1.20
5.77
8.66
6.66
5.90
4.12
3.33
0.00
5.14
4.11
7.23
6.78
0.00
6.23
2.82
0.52
7.34
9.95
2.67
4.12
1.62
16.69
5.18
3.19
1.23
1.78
0.13
9.66
0.00
4.20
4.98
3.32
7.39
1.90
MACHINERY ELECTRICAL
SIC 35 SIC 36
Percent Percent
0.80
0.00
0.00
0.62
1.79
1.42
6.33
5.79
0.00
0.00
0.88
1.74
0.00
253
1.81
1.25
5.92
0.87
1.46
0.04
0.72
0.54
1.79
0.58
3.39
2.99
1.02
0.00
4.40
0.00
6.39
1.02
0.18
2.65
1.16
29.84
2.02
2.86
0.56
2.06
1.37
0.48
2.53
7.46
0.77
0.44
0.15
4.61
0.00
0.69
0.41
1.73
5.00
0.01
1.98
0.00
0.00
12.29
5.19
4.87
4.32.
6.61
0.11
0.00
1.99
1.25
0.00
21.35
2.71
5.33
6.26
0.88
4.39
0.10
4.74
2.02
12.81
0.41
5.41
0.59
3.12
0.00
6.21
0.02
20.45
1.06
2.84
4.80
2.84
0.00
3.05
1.25
6.00
3.83
4.68
1.27
4.70
19.07
1.01
0.83
0.82
11.29
0.00
1.96
1.71
0.07
4.13
0.00
TOTAL
0.44
0.83
13.26
3.63
1.31
2.55
H-37
-------
Appendix H
Tablo H-4. Continued.
TRI STATE TRANSPORTATION MEASURE/PHOTO MISCELLANEOUS
RANK SIC 37 SIC 38 SIC 39
Percent Percent Percent
14
38
S3
29
25
11
42
32
45
54
9
20
47
43
6
5
28
10
21
2
40
36
27
7
24
19
12
33
39
49
44
18
34
17
15
51
3
31
35
8
37
46
23
48
4
1
13
50
52
16
30
26
22
41
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL
2.66
0.00
0.00
3.54
356
11.47
5.91
14.66
30.87
0.00
4.69
5.77
0.00
0.00
335
5.94
2.90
1.82
4.25
139
4.40
8.46
133
19.97
3.32
0.25
856
0.03
2.05
0.01
1.20
0.64
0.47
3.66
2.68
0.99
753
638
5.03
239
0.00
5.45
359
0.76
3.46
1.01
2.16
1353
0.00
2.90
18.78
0.14
2.71
0.00
430
0.31
0.00
0.00
1.25
0.32
1.78
8.72
1.83
1.15
0.00
1.07
0.42
0.00
0.00
037
2.20
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.07
0.22
8.98
0.02
154
0.10
0.20
0.00
3.74
0.54
1.20
1.37
0.00
19.89
056
0.00
0.26
1.84
1.22
5.90
3.85
3.01
0.80
0.00
0.12
0.08
051
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.76
0.00
030
0.00
1.22
0.48
0.00
0.00
4.73
2.33
0.73
0.14
435
0.10
0.00
3.47
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.59
1.31
2.04
0.15
1.05
0.00
0.04
0.00
1.01
0.10
0.07
0.35
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.61
3.90
0.08
0.00
0.94
0.56
337
0.48
0.03
0.07
2.18
031
9.80
1.22
2.18
0.32
0.06
0.10
2.14
0.00
0.32
0.62
0.00
1.36
0.00
0.68
MULTIPLE CODES NO CODES
20-39 20-39
Percent Percent
4.67
0.00
5.41
2.84
4.81
4.60
22.84
9.13
0.18
0.00
5.80
15.11
37.99
16.05
2.84
27.10
1154
3.26
5.03
3.38
6.49
6.40
25.90
5.84
51.90
12.27
4.30
0.00
7.60
034
26.45
2.34
0.32
7.45
6.65
0.81
9.33
8.17
18.50
7.56
18.62
10.17
15.01
1.73
933
2.21
0.17
7.00
0.00
1035
8.99
1.22
7.12
0.00
7.66
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.46
0.00
1.05
0.20
0.00
0.24
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.69
0.17
0.11
0.44
0.80
0.02
0.13
0.66
0.05
0.33
0.02
0.47
0.00
1.15
0.02
0.00
2.12
0.24
3.70
0.29
0.00
0.10
2.69
0.00
0.73
0.28
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.02
0.06
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.05
0.00
034
TOTAL
Percent
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
0.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
H-38
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-5. States Shipping and States Receiving TRI Off-Site Transfers, 1989.
STATE
RECEIVING
OFF-SITE
TRANSFER
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Unknown
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
STATE SENDING OFF-SITE TRANSFER
Alabama ,
Pounds
9,875,917
0
0
0
236,160
0
0
0
0
0
225,651
138,968
0
0
5,820
0
0
20,000
75,296
4,658,531
0
0
0
60,158
966,530
0
0
0
0
0
0
119,696
0
3,650
26,190
0
1,471
333^20
0
0
0
0
198,709
0
877,460
313,596
459,912
0
0
0
0
0
43,000
0
0
Alaska
Pounds
0
2,250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,500
0
0
0
American
Samoa
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Arizona
Pounds
750
0
0
770,335
13,083
273,916
3,909
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,850
4,261
0
0
5,856
0
12,651
0
0
0
0
250
0
36,710
0
0
3,785
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
123,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
400,509
59,949
60,473
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Arkansas
Pounds
361,407
0
0
0
1,325,583
0
0
0
0
0
0
55,872
0
0
10,456
297,298
0
40,250
504,773
543,391
0
0
0
108
0
16365
145,750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,205,518
0
0
0
0
59363
0
1,163,710
1,296,612
38,408
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
California
Pounds
4370
0
0
178,863
148,834
16,949,626
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
310,526
20,198
6^85
0
555,168
10300
798394
0
0
0
32,914
75,446
0
1,582
47,800
0
604,501
0
10,641
0
15
0
0
261,590
8,000
1399
3,018
0
0
6
0
31,916
576,917
101,686
1,192,097
0
0
0
2,393
0
0
3,246
Colorado
Pounds
2,193
0
0
94
20,803
34
1,472,913
0,
0
0
0
0
0
6,481
618,863
350
0
28,274
122,800
1,801
0
0
0
0
0
0
18,037
0
1330
9,582
0
0
75,000
715,500
0
0
8,020
667,477
0
626,423
0
0
0
0
1,004
170,755
250
165,872
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Connecticut
Pounds
34315
0
0
0
33,474
12,535
0
5,198,909
10
0
410
3,470
0
0
90,570
123,808
0
0
0
35,281
0
0
1,994,943
711,156
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,599,157
0
1,201,978
0
0
108374
0
0
641,001
0
271,249
74,986
0
0
14,400
1,604,946
0
0
0
4330
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
18,640,635
5,750
1,775,287 11,064,864
21,938,231 4,733,856 14,759302
H-39
-------
Appendix H
Table H-5. Continued.
STATE
RECEIVING
OFF-SITE
TRANSFER
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Unknown
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
STATE SENDING OFF-SITE TRANSFER
Delaware
Founds
28331
0
0
0
93,299
0
0
0
255,789
0
0
6.000
0
0
11,142
21,100
0
0
0
226379
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
463,232
0
236,748
91320
0
32388
0
0
57,157
0
0
109,675
0
0
0
957
0
0
0
0
0
31,516
0
0
District of
Columbia
Founds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Florida
Pounds
3,003,646
0
0
0
100,741
0
0
1.000
0
0
6,741,293
936,690
0
0
70.989
0
0
0
9,644
676,954
0
74
0
75,111
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23,044
0
386
100380
0
86,557
0
0
3,600
0
0
3,569,575
0
438,587
200
3,794
0
0
0
450,030
0
0
0
0
Georgia
Pounds
4,225,582
0
0
0
145,610
0
0
0
0
0
26,418
12,279,838
0
0
16,560
10,621
0
0
312,117
281,810
0
0
0
58,194
0
0
367
0
0
0
0
43,711
0
0
43,131
0
146,627
7,200
0
4,866,601
0
5,000
1,167,546
0
199,924
1339,010
1350
770
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Hawaii
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,608
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Idaho
Pounds
750
0
0
0
0
0
219,754
0
0
0
0
0
0
31,508
0
2,250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
64,500
0
0
0
56,969
0
0
0
Illinois
Pounds
1,019,293
0
0
585,296
279,073
0
0
0
0
0
10
1,656
0
0
37,986,439
4,547,596
26,929
1,100
461,545
309,779
0
0
24,000
339,274
693,955
0
4,224,256
0
0
0
0
21,102
0
186,490
22,022
0
2,248,012
2,005
0
26,409
0
250
32,192
0
39,909
226,466
178,238
0
0
0
0
0
0
3385,462
0
Indiana
Pounds
249,829
0
0
0
194,665
0
0
0
0
0
0
58,895
0
389
5,836,600
24,043,887
0
19^66
1331,760
42,073
0
0
0
1,526,612
955,700
0
0
354,438
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,051,892
0
0
140,049
0
250
8,030
0
777,422
0
1,019,159
0
0
0
0
0
0
176,925
0
TOTAL
1,665,033
16,292,295 25,177,987
12358
377,831
56,868,758 37,787,841
H-40
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-5. Continued.
STATE
RECEIVING
OFF-SITE
TRANSFER
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Unknown
TTtall
uian
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
STATE SENDING OFF-SITE TRANSFER
Iowa
Pounds
643,791
0
0
17,456
5,092
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
278391
117,074
2,688,264
1,750
51,163
90,894
0
0
0
310
197,665
0
66,092
0
10,069
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
168,830
1,722
0
23,232
0
0
0
7344
1,750
69,750
88,840
0
0
0
0
0
0
248,904
0
Kansas
Pounds
73,430
0
0
0
33,081
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
402,202
2,594
0
57,270,142
5,875
1,154,745
0
0
0
7,794
0
0
170,019
67,064
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
214,700
712309
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,061
16462
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,988
0
Kentucky
524,094
0
0
0
87,978
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,950
0
0
821,999
1,906,458
0
1,250
16,786,885
61,897
0
0
0
682,431
82,767
0
750
0
0
0
0
19395
0
0
250
0
593,957
0
0
2,299,928
0
0
186,239
0
737,694
143,464
501
0
0
0
0
8,600
50,097
5,400
0
Louisiana
45,499
0
0
0
484,493
0
0
2.600
0
0
93,000
584
0
0
51347
0
0
68,201
300
8,137,487
0
0
8,900
3,900
0
5,526
82
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,700
0
0
0
10,160
0
0
0
0
13,000
0
15,707
3,108,167
1300
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,200
0
Maine
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
94,716
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,750
539,440
0
512,015
21,022
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,150
254,750
0
5,272
0
0
0
0
0
19,450
0
0
16,400
0
0
2,728
3,632
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
Maryland
Pounds
7,886
0
0
0
91,521
0
0
250
0
500
5,257
3,519
0
0
280
13,492
0
0
3,170
107341
0
1,072,727
96,950
195,297
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
606,911
0
7,780
50,925
0
137,914
0
0
1,174,773
o
0
103,673
0
750
18,109
0
0
o
o
206,708
o
0
0
0
Massachusetts
Pounds
2550
o
0
1,002
120,487
208,604
o
2,583,774
0
0
0
• 41,919
0
o
156377
242,084
0
0
0
90,884
51,750
0
7,851,045
61,626
0
0
o
o
0
40,004
48,765
1,601345
o
3,432,743
3,608
0
729,811
0
o
183,481
Q
115,605
189,123
0
8,793
0
1328,096
0
Q
0
399507
0
0
0
0
Michigan
Pounds
324,431
0
0
0
163,795
0
0
0
0
0
o
41,772
0
0
6,564,098
2334,297
296
169,039
616,721
27,787
0
0
420
65,557,612
16,500
0
0
o
0
14,914
0
54^30
0
0
0
0
6,904,912
0
0
56374
Q
64,225
Q
65,764
245,418
764^91
0
0
0
105,795
0
TOTAL
4,778,383 60,146,816 25,010,984
12,060353 1,475,325 3,905,733
19,493,083 84,093,091
H-41
-------
Appendix H
Table H-5. Continued.
STATE
RECEIVING
OFF-SITE
TRANSFER
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Unknown
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
STATE SENDING OFF-SITE TRANSFER
Minnesota
Founds
139,847
0
0
2,205
1,618,772
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
631,343
64.072
9,185
250
12,462
48^89
0
0
0
35,824
5,473,407
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,112
0
0
12,550
52,830
0
0
0
0
3,200
0
0
0
38,944
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,027,474
0
Mississippi
Pounds
1,281,160
0
0
0
55,288
0
0
0
0
0
900
8,184
0
0
4,750
1,880
0
0
50,915
951,030
0
0
0
25378
0
409,247
0
0
0
0
0
3,842
0
0
0
0
687
522,900
0
6,900
0
0
10,749
0
769,943
270,060
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Missouri
Pounds
22355
500
0
917,642
353,488
0
0
0
0
0
0
24400
0
14
1,424,971
875,466
250
253,162
764,257
613,896
0
0
0
199356
1,075,677
0
3,197,482
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29,052
484307
0
48
0
0
65,428
0
225,485
298,232
500
21370
0
0
0
0
0
460,237
0
. Montana
Pounds
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,176
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
, 0
2391
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,000
0
0
, 10,999
0
0
0
890
0
0
0
Nebraska
Pounds
1,539
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
149,191
0
9,625
112,134
19,760
36,623
0
0
0
0
750
0
26,500
2,620
3,854,134
57
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
382,172
0
0
0
0
0
5,412
7,983
7,219
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
57,890
0
Nevada
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
215,233
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,911
0
2,450
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4381
0
0
69354
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
New
Hampshire
Pounds
7,706
0
0
0
250
129300
0
338,156
0
0
0
0
0
0
13,533
1306
0
0
0
4,791
756
616
1,192,357
2,671
0
0
0
0
0
0
91,260
85,148
0
17,136
115,122
0
16,711
0
0
302396
0
1,115
577
0
0
0
226,132
0
0
0
8,230
0
0
0
0
New Jersey
Pounds
284,073
500
0
0
92,184
0
0
616344
0
0
83,620
31,066
0
0
239,032
322,602
0
0
118,963
148,242
0
69,843
3,021
975,838,
35,869
0
523,455
0
0
0
0
16,527,267
0
534,545
2,092
0
1382,898
0
0
5,631,903
0
0
168,045
0
750
433,954
414,801
0
0
0
198,264
0
2,060
0
0
TOTAL
14,172,466 4373,813 11307,675
18,206
4,673,610
310,129 2,555,269 28,841,231
H-42
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-5. Continued.
STATE
RECEIVING
OFF-SITE
TRANSFER
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico-
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Unknown
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
STATE SENDING OFF-SITE TRANSFER
New Mexico
Pounds
0
0
0
0
4,940
0
1,750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,250
0
4,630
6,939
0
0
0
0
113,425
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,500
12,250
0
72,750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
New York
Pounds
401,070
250
0
0
401,167
0
0
205,619
0
0
0
9,639
0
0
92,500
185,446
0
250
498,125
51,557
0
29,960
136,035
843,184
38,000
0
44,190
0
0
0
20,400
4,015,012
0
13321,541
2300
0
2,740,632
0
0
1,900,896
0
279341
300,561
0
8,091
0
797,029
0
0
0
0
0
360
0
0
North
Carolina
Pounds
1383,503
0
0
0
261,690
0
0
9,708
0
0
197,127
553312
0
0
2,450
32390
0
17,525
173,554
89,804
0
3,134
406
13,880
0
0
1,240
0
0
0
0
286,273
0
8338
6,743,186
0
144,617
7,804
0
13,875
0
0
1,613,748
2,063
144,497
180,212
366^41
0
0
0
967,778
0
6,140
0
0
North
Dakota
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
52,753
3,033
0
0
0
0
0
11,686
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,011
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
88
0
591
0
0
0
4340
0
0
0
Ohio
Pounds
501,206
0
0
0
266,708
0
0
0
0
0
0
340,032
0
0
55,622
2,808,406
0
46,283
2,032,242
1,106,688
0
0
7,179
13^94,194
8,446
0
4,982
0
0
0
0
31,790
0
645,479
0
0
67,418,188
5
0
4,272,201
0
0
459352
0
22,121
530325
274,163
0
0
0
0
0
7300,781
0
0
Oklahoma
Pounds
2,250
0
0
0
37,026
0
0
0
0
0
0
165300
0
0
2,600
0
0
15,700
7,200
33,006
0
0
0
0
308,927
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
332,774
0
0
0
0
7,047,935
0
0
0
0
8,800
0
4345
1352,475
4,604
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Oregon
Pounds
433
0
0
13,000
59315
10,800
61,799
0
0
0
0
0
0
4340
0
0
0
28,200
0
690
0
0
0
0
295,850
0
11,950
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3320
1300
2,066,442
5340
0
o
0
0
0
0
3,172
500
0
0
0
519,159
0
0
0
Pennsylvania
Pounds
616316
0
0
8,656
1,077303
250
0
9395
37,418
0
18,007
58,642
0
0
1,641,381
680,782
0
34,650
1,088,671
335,035
o
655,688
32,656
1,700,443
2,800
0
453,992
0
o
0
0
8393,294
0
970318
303374
0
20376366
0
0
34302,638
0
4,807
92,936
0
26350
2,123,611
394,600
250
0
o
1383,174
0
38,252
0
0
TOTAL
220,434 26323,155
13,224,795
75302 101,726393 9323,142 3,086,010 77,462,655
H-43
-------
Appendix H
Table H-5. Continued.
STATE
RECEIVINO
OFF-SITE
TRANSFER
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Unknown
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
STATE SENDING OFF-SITE TRANSFER
Puerto Rico
Pounds
28,645
0
0
0
6,460
0
0
138
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,039
0
0
0
0
54,800
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,717
0
0
0
0
2,260
0
0
28,000
6,896,265
0
3,516
0
0
3,454
2,091
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Rhode
Island
Pounds
10,940
0
0
0
32,886
0
0
371,202
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,800
15,512
0
0
0
17,985
0
35,793
1,110,962
24.464
0
6,300
0
0
0
0
0
405,886
0
276,241
16,490
0
0
0
0
79332
0
369,553
28^00
0
4,469
0
86,031
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
South
Carolina
Pounds
1,293,658
0
0
0
253,059
173
0
0
0
0
0
182,733
0
0
6,900
53,138
0
0
32,923
177,856
0
2,531
803
8,182
10,850
0
0
0
0
0
0
117,746
0
0
994,386
0
1
0
0
3,531
0
1,500
8,958,415
0
25,877
295
49375
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
South
Dakota
Pounds
0
0
0
0
1,175
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40,000
3,401
2,947
0
20375
0
0
0
0
0
287382
0
0
0
4,809
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
131,721
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
69,717
0
Tennessee
Pounds
2,412,633
0
0
0
566,974
0
0
0
0
0
0
236,716
0
0
50327
241,612
0
1
88,996
721,772
0
0
0
3309
0
345,170
0
0
0
0
0
24,971
0
0
346,147
0
187344
247
0
73,000
0
0
1,172,942
0
11,407,410
834
0
0
0
0
104,520
250
201,032
0
0
Texas
Pounds
425,860
0
0
0
520,146
19,780
0
0
0
0
0
3,750
0
0
2313,781
0
0
225,109
110,156
18,206,287
0
0
0
0
379,768
0
124,400
0
0
0
0
365376
20,556
0
0
0
40,725
538306
0
23,991
0
0
2,200
0
64,828
60,780,662
39,177
2,500
0
0
0
0
999,181
97,750
0
Utah
Pounds
0
0
0
4,894
188,517
409,882
208,440
0
0
0
0
0
0
102,900
0
0
0
70,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,750
0
0
0
1,600
2,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
159375
1300
866,601
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Vermont
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
2,200
0
124348
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,050
0
0
219,409
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,001
0
34,798
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
168,655
0
16,322
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
7,041,390
2,900,146 12,173,932
561,727 18,186,207 85304,289 2,019,709
586,983
H-44
-------
TRI State Distribution, 1989
Table H-5. Continued.
STATE
RECEIVING
OFF-SITE
TRANSFER
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
IVlaine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Unknown
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Virgin
Islands
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
STATE SENDING OFF-SITE TRANSFER
Virginia Washington West Virginia
Pounds
3,025,849
0
0
0
60,245
0
0
7357
0
0
308,262
12,279
0
0
79,700
78,074
0
0
221,865
1,065,000
233,723
26,900
14^73
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
313,294
0
1313
1,122,972
o
564,017
0
0
32,603
o
8,670
445,454
0
112382
4,250
1
0
0
0
2,879,775
0
0
0
0
Pounds
750
0
0
0
12,265
90,680
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,843
3304
0
0
21,250
0
936
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,000
0
7,650
1,800
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
789,636
0
0
0
0
0
0
646
19,120
1,191
0
0
3,217,452
0
0
0
Pounds
89,625
0
0
0
76,140
0
0
0
200
0
53,070
1,750
0
0
29,148
86,641
0
0
209,254
720,894
0
0
0
25368
24394
0
0
0
0
0
0
558,287
n
136,425
50,758
5333,637
0
0
860382
0
252,673
0
0
11,789
2,128
0
0
87377
0
2314,693
0
0
Wisconsin
Pounds
51,221
0
0
18,100
43,430
1,416
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,699,615
645342
35,000
61,770
340,824
46,704
0
2,900
750
832,449
319572
0
0
0
0
0
0
26350
0
0
0
0
3,481,239
34,450
0
1,250
0
0
159,675
0
89,297
28,735
44,247
0
0
0
0
0
0
29,412,631
0
TOTAL OFF-SITE
Wyoming AND TRANSFERS
Pounds
0
o
0
0
0
0
178
0
0
o
0
0
0
2,831
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1300
11,261
0
1363
0
0
0
0
0
85
Pounds
32,409353
3300
0
2317,543
9367,201
18324,429
1568,743
9364,116
293,417
500
7,753,030
15,206,236
11,608
482393
62,434,740
39,768,014
2,772,496
59,120309
26,085,924
41,659,703
591,946
. 2,106,989
13,218,751
87,633,232
11320341
782,608
9,057,217
474313
3,879,592
749,497
163375
37,192398
435,269
21,740308
10,034,853
4,511
114,829,499
16,257,192
2,859,777
57,660,182
6,896,265
1,057,340
19339313
146340
17,289,229
74,152390
8388,470
2,474,827
16322
6,889,593
3,813,553
11,187,112
40,061373
3331
TOTAL
10,619,158
4,179,723
11,325,233
38377367
17,418
913,052,163
H-45
-------
-------
APPENDIX I
Distribution of TRI Releases and
Transfers by Industry, 1989
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-1. The Top Ten TRI Facilities for Total Releases and Transfers in Each Industry, 1989.
TRI SIC INDUSTRY FACILITY
RANK CODE
12 20 Food Kraft Food Ingredient Corp.
Corn Products & Best Foods
Star Enterprise Inc.
Penford Products Co.
Beatrice/Hunt-Wesson
Cargill Inc.
Heublein Inc.
Maul Pineapple Co. Ltd.
A-B Contract Services Co.
Cargill Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
22 21 Tobacco Philip Morris USA
Aristech Chemical Corp. (a)
Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co.
Sullivan Paper Co.
Little Falls Color Print
Phillip Morris USA
Consolidated Cigar Corp.
Co-Plas Inc.
American Tobacco Co.
Co-PIas Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
16 22 Textiles Gencorp Polymer Products
Graniteville Co.
Reeves Brothers Inc.
Threads USA
JPS Automotive Products Co.
Reeves Brothers Inc.
Queen Carpet
Gencorp Co. Polymer Products
Galaxy Carpet Mills Inc.
Salem Carpet Mills Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
21 23 Apparel Geo W. Bellman & Co. Inc.
Glenmore Plastic Industries
Buster Brown Apparel Inc.
Sandusky Vinyl Products Corp.
Champion Products Inc.
Russell Corp.-Distribution
VelcroUSAInc.
Odell Co.
Burrell Belting Co.
Fl Aerospace Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
CITY
Memphis
Bedford Park
Pott Arthur
Cedar Rapids
Memphis
Memphis
Madera
Kahului
Saint Louis
Eddyville
Richmond
Kenova
Durham
West Springfield
Little Falls
Chester
Me Adoo
Fort Smith
Chester
Atlanta
Columbus
Graniteville
Spartanburg
Gastonia
Greenville
Rutherfordton
Dalton
Toledo
Dalton
Chickamauga
Adamstown
Brooklyn
Chattanooga
Sandusky
Perry
Marianna
Manchester
Watertown
Skokie
Columbus
STATE
TN
IL
TX
IA
TN
TN
CA
HI
MO
IA
VA
WV
NC
MA
NY
VA
PA
AR
VA
GA
MS
sc
sc
NC
SC
NC
GA
OH
GA
GA
PA
NY
TN
OH
NY
FL
NH
MA
IL
OH
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
6,062,300
4,780,400
3,215,605
3,209,450
2,590,448
2,129,109
1,406,000
1,105,216
1,070,450
671,070
26,240,048
67,803,337
599,463
536,657
125,399
55,138
50,135
33,087
25,750
19,726
18,700
6,176
1,470,231
1,485,626
4,031,360
1,201,300
1,080,000
1,029,519
1,010,000
957,750
941,270
937,100
926,124
905,812
13,020,235
46,081,356
173,024
166,250
150,000
143,506
128,470
99,763
88,300
75,139
71,250
67,500
1,163,202
2,059,373
8.94
7.05
4.74
4.73
3.82
3.14
2.07
1.63
1.58
0.99
38.70
100.00
40.35
36.12
8.44
3.71
3.37
2.23
1.73
1.33
1.26
0.42
98.96
100.00
8.75
2.61
2.34
2.23
2.19
2.08
2.04
2.03
2.01
1.97
28.25
100.00
8.40
8.07
7.28
6.97
6.24
4.84
4.29
3.65
3.46
3.28
56.48
100.00
1-2
-------
TRI Industry Distribution, 1989
Table 1-1. Continued.
TRI SIC INDUSTRY FACILITY
RANK CODE
18 24 Lumber Andersen Corp.
Homecrest Corp.
Crystal Cabinet Works Inc.
Sanderson Plumbing Products
, American Woodmark Corp.
Lionite Hardboard
Schrock/WCI
Merillat Industries_Inc.
Wood Fiber Industries
Rolscreen Co.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
13 25 Furniture Johnston Tombigbee Furniture
Steelcase Inc.
Universal Bedroom Furniture
Broyhill Furniture Ind. Inc.
Lane Co. Inc.
Singer Furniture Co.
Kincaid Furniture Co. Inc.
J. D. Bassett Mfg. Co.
Bassett Superior Lines
Allsteel Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
4 26 Paper Stone Container Corp.
Weyerhaeuser Co.
Westvaco Corp.
ITTRayonierlnc.
St Joe Forest Products Co.
Boise Cascade Papers
Stone Hopewell Inc.
ITT Rayonier Inc.
Macon Kraft Inc.
Louisiana-Pacific Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
14 27 Printing R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co.
Ringier America Inc.
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co.
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co.
Maxwell Communication Corp.
Maxwell Communication Corp.
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co.
R. R. Donnelley & Sons
Maxwell Communications Corp.
Standard Gravure Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
CITY STATE
Bayport
Goshen
Princeton
Columbus
Moorefield
Phillips
Arthur
Mount Jackson
Danville
Pella
Columbus
Grand Rapids
Morristown
Lenoir
AltaVista
Lenoir
Hudson
Bassett
Bassett
Aurora
Panama City
Cosmopolis
Luke
Femandina Beach
Port Saint Joe
Saint Helens
Hopewell
Port Angeles
Macon
Samoa
Warsaw
Corinth
Gallatin
Mattoon
Broadview
Glen Bumie
Chicago
Lancaster
Mount Morris
Louisville
MN
IN
MN
MS
WV
WI
IL
VA
VA
IA
MS
MI
TN
NC
VA
NC
NC
VA
VA
IL
FL
WA
MD
FL
FL
OR
VA
WA
GA
CA
IN
MS
TN
IL
IL
MD
IL
PA
IL
KY
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
1,709,516
1,622,339
1,147,967
1,081,376
1,040,209
751,990
660,023
632,388
556,532
529,850
9,732,190
37,824,596
1,935,167
1,817,471
1,038,936
1,035,759
998,958
799,000
724,324
671,913
630,429
595,084
10,247,041
65,369407
9,152,660
8,472,600
7,940,335
7,176,190
7,099,500
6,985,349
5,774,250
5,706,400
5,665,500
5,480,200
69,452,984
313,254,241
4,163,554
3,494,331
2,469,408
2,092,654
2,002,654
1,806,520
1,600,943
1,559,970
1437,550
1,489,500
22,217,084
60,923,661
442
4.29
3.03
2.86
2.75
1.99
1.74
1.67
1.47
1.40
25.73
100.00
2.96
2.78
1.59
1.58
1.53
1.22
1.11
1.03
0.96
0.91
15.68
100.00
2.92
2.70
2.53
2.29
2.27
2.23
1.84
1.82
1.81
1.75
22.17
100.00
6.83
5.74
4.05
3.43
3.29
2.97
2.63
2.56
2.52
2.44
36.47
100.00
1-3
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-1. Continued.
TRI SIC INDUSTRY FACILITY
RANK CODE
1 28 Chemicals Monsanto Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
Vulcan Chemicals
Da Pont Beaumont Worics
BP Chemicals
DuPont
BP Chemicals Inc.
Atochem N.A. — Racon Facility
Columbian Chemicals Co.
Tennessee Eastman Co.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
9 29 Petroleum Amoco Oil Co.
Citgo Petroleum Corp.
Farmland Industries Inc.
Mobil Oil Corp.
Exxon
Davison Chem Div.
Lyondell Petrochemical Co.
Koch Refining Co.
Shell Wood River Mfg. Complex
Amoco Oil Co.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
7 30 Plastics Westinghouse Electric Corp.
General Electric Co.
Teepak Inc.
3MCo.
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
O'Sullivan Corp.
Baxter Healthcare Corp.
3M
Viskase Puerto Rico Corp.
Viskase Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
19 31 Leather Eagle Ottawa Leather Co.
S.B. Foot Tanning Co.
Prime Tanning Co. Inc.
Seton Co.
Lackawanna Leather Co.
Pfister& Vogel Tanning Co.
Gebhardt-Vogel Tanning Co.
Garden State Tanning
Twin City Tanning
Eagle Tanning Co.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
CITY STATE TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
Alvin
Westwego
Wichita
Beaumont
Port Lavaca
New Johnsonville
Lima
Wichita
Saint Louis
Kingsport
Texas City
Lake Charles
Coffeyville
Chalmette
Baytown ,
Cincinnati
Houston
Saint Paul
Roxana
Whiting
Hampton
Coshocton
Danville
Nevada
Lincoln
Winchester
Johnson City
Guin
Barceloneta
Bedford Park
Grand Haven
Cactus
Berwick
Newark
Omaha
Milwaukee
Milwaukee
Fleetwood .
South Saint Paul
Waterloo
TX
LA
KS
TX
TX
TN
OH
KS
MO
TN
TX
LA
KS
LA
TX
OH
TX
MN
IL
IN
SC
OH
EL
MO
NE
VA
TN
AL
PR
IL
MI
TX
ME
NJ
NE
WI
WI
PA
MN
IA
206,533,205
192,350,800
92,349,716
88,094,984
65,543,672
57,022,345
56,731,350
54,305,751
52,461,020
45,253,659
910,846,502
2,745,768,071
14,217,928
10,581,113
5,899,771
4,697,970
2,203,450
2,175,731
2,147,172
2,053,904
1,808,846
1,724,131
47,510,016
103,136,599
8,303,320
5,629,704
3,752,634
3,677,722
3,186,771
3,164,496
2,760,022
2,688,850
2,642,750
2,565,050
38,371,319
194,502,619
3,618,750 .
1,966,648
1,447,676
1,314,500
1,288,714
1,119,114
1,031,750
984,877
815,468
774,244
14,361,741
24,861,979
7.52
7.01
3.36
3.21
2.39
2.08
2.07
1.99
1.91
1.65
33.17
100.00
13.79
10.26
5.72
4.56
2.14
2.11
2.08
1.99
1.75
1.67
46.07
100.00
4.27
2.89
1.93
1.89
1.64
1.63
1.42
1.38
1.36
1.32
19.73
100.00
14.56
7.91
5.82
5.29
5.18
4.50
4.15
3.96
3.28
3.11
57.77
100.00
1-4
-------
TRI Industry Distribution, 1989
Table 1-1. Continued.
TRI SIC INDUSTRY FACILITY
RANK CODE
15 32 Stone/Clay Haishaw Chemical Co.
Coplay Cement Co.
Dana Corp.
Reynolds Metals Co.
Coming Inc.
Coming
Nutum Corp.
Owens-Corning Fiberglas
3M
North American Refractories
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
2 33 Primary Metals Magnesium Corp. of America
Asarco Inc.
National Steel Corp.
Phelps Dodge Mining Co.
National Steel
Herculaneum Smelter
Asarco Inc.
Copper Range Co.
Kennecott Utah Copper
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
6 34 Fabr. Metals Double Eagle Steel Coating Co.
Texas Chromium Corp.
Lake Erie Screw Corp.
Crown Cork & Seal Co. Inc.
Crown Cork & Seal Co. Inc.
Rogers Galvanizing Co.
Reynolds Metals Co.
Visionmark Inc.
Chromium Corp.
St Mary Galvanizing Co.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
10 35 Machinery Heatcraft Inc.
Lincoln Electric Co.
UNC Naval Products
Acustar Dayton Thermal
3M
Briggs & Stratum Corp.
Munters Corp.
Rockwell Graphic Systems
Lennox Industries Inc.
Brunswick Marine Power
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
CITY STATE
Jackson
Logansport
Robinson
Sheffield
Coming
Canton
Smithville
Newark
Prairie Du Chien
Gary
Tooele
East Helena
Portage
Playas
Ecorse
Herculaneum
Hayden
White Pine
Bingham Canyon
Claypool
Dearborn
Lufkin
Lakewood
Winchester
Cheraw
Tulsa
Houston
Sidney
Cleveland
Morgan City
Grenada
Cleveland
Uncasville
Dayton
Charles Town
Milwaukee
Fort Myers
Cedar Rapids
Fort Worth
Stillwater
MS
IN
IL
AL
NY
NY
TN
OH
WI
IN
UT
MT
IN
MM
MI
MO
AZ
MI
UT
AZ
MI
TX
OH
VA
SC
OK
TX
OH
OH
LA
MS
OH
CT
OH
WV
WI
FL
IA
TX
OK
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
6306,550
2,877,030
2,564,880
2,341,800
1,959,120
1,402,301
1,300,655
1,275,524
1,071,050
880,050
21,978,960
47,485,910
119,060,425
36,615,059
24,586,030
20,847,699
17,562,820
17,110,851
16,574,800
16,330,870
15,473,300
13,660,904
297,822,758
756,808,577
3,387,420
2,428,933
2,400,750
1,953,850
1,548,000
1,464,376
1,443,118
1,422,000
1,348,451
1,257,559
18,654,457
207,383,999
2,510,357
1,708,977
1,124,140
1,115,619
1,015,110
986,512
922,592
884,228
798,068
786,250
11,851,853
74,922,470
13.28
6.06
5.40
4.93
4.13
2.95
2.74
2.69
2.26
1.85
46.29
100.00
15.73
4.84
3.25
2.75
2.32
2.26
2.19
2.16
2.04
1.81
39.35
100.00
1.63
1.17
1.16
0.94
0.75
0.71
0.70
0.69
0.65
0.61
9.00
100.00
3.35
2.28
1.50
1.49
1.35
1.32
1.23
1.18
1.07
1.05
15.82
100.00
7-5
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-1. Continued.
TRI SIC INDUSTRY FACILITY
RANK CODE
8 36 Electrical Motorola Inc.
GTE Products Corp.
Philips Display Components Co.
Delco Electronics Corp.
Norplex Oak-Franklin
Motorola Inc.
Motorola Inc.
American Microsystems Inc.
Sony Magnetic Products Inc.
Whirlpool Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
5 37 Transportation Honda of America Mfg. Inc.
General Motors Corp.
General Motors Corp.
Ford Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co.
BOC-Lansing Automotive Div.
Nissan Motor Manufacturing
Sterling Hts. Assembly Plant
FordElecronics
General Motors Corp.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
11 38 Measure./Photo. Eastman Kodak Co.
Du Pont Towanda Plant
3M Co. Visual Systems Div.
Anitec Image Corp.
Polaroid Corp.
Kodak Colorado Div.
Vision Ease
Xerox Corp.
DuPont
Eastman Kodak Co.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
17 39 Miscellaneous Tricil Recovery Services Inc.
Hexcel Corp.
Armstrong World Industries
Lamotite
Resilite Sports Products Inc.
Ner Data Products Inc.
William Prym Inc.
Batesville Casket Co.
Congoleum Corp.
Ner Data Products Inc.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
CITY
Mesa
Versailles
Ottawa
Kokomo
Franklin
Austin
Phoenix
Pocatello
Dothan
Fort Smith
Marysville
Monroe
Pontiac
Utica
Claycomo
Lansing
Smyrna
Sterling Heights
Connersville
Dayton
Rochester
Towanda
Hartford City
Binghamton
Waltham
Windsor
Fort Lauderdale
Oklahoma City
Parlin
Rochester
Bartow
Casa Grande
Lancaster
Cleveland
Northumberland
Blytheville
Dayville
Batesville
Marcus Hook
Des Moines
STATE
AZ
KY
OH
IN
IN
TX
AZ
ID
AL
AR
OH
LA
MI
MI
MO
MI
TN
MI
IN
OH
NY
PA
IN
NY
MA
CO
FL
OK
NJ
NY
FL
AZ
PA
OH
PA
AR
CT
IN
PA
IA
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
2,761,986
2,387,813
2,240,100
2,225,044
2,160,000
1,988,274
1,927,035
1,802,660
1,795,457
1,779,900
21,068,269
145,758,174
5,486,845
3,663,508
3,295,300
3,281,905
2,720,023
2,701,245
2,697,270
2,691,784
2,655,540
2,613,332
31,806,752
245,316,145
18,123,187
10,555,545
5,091,010
4,785,588
2,696,035
1,024,735
900,290
851,035
779,550
759,428
45,566,403
69,535^97
6,263,338
2,231,040
1,432,436
1,315,124
1,197,426
1,149,167
1,124,045
831,099
753,929
695,980
16,993,584
38,886,447
1.89
1.64
1.54
1.53
1.48
1.36
1.32
1.24
1.23
1.22
14.45
100.00
2.24
1.49
1.34
1.34
1.11
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.08
1.07
12.97
100.00
26.06
15.18
7.32
6.88
3.88
1.47
1.29
1.22
1.12
1.09
65.53
100.00
16.11
5.74
3.68
3.38
3.08
2.96
2.89
2.14
1.94
1.79
43.70
100.00
1-6
-------
TRI Industry Distribution, 1989
Table 1-1. Continued.
TRI SIC INDUSTRY
RANK CODE
FACILITY
CITY
STATE TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
MULT. Multiple codes 20-39
Inland Steel Co. East Chicago IN 57,273,300 13.10
3M Consumer AV& Consumer Prod. Hutchinson MN 28,998,967 6.63
Elkem Metals Co. Marietta OH 15,771,470 3.61
Union Camp Corp. Savannah GA 13,463,088 3.08
Westvaco Corp Covington VA 10,165,680 2.32
Star Enterprise Convent LA 10,109,645 2.31
3M Chemolite Center Cottage Grove MN 9,820,143 2.25
Imc Fertilizer Inc. Mulberry FL 9,663,500 2.21
Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corp. Hamilton MS 9,118,563 2.09
Monsanto Co. Springfield MA 8,043,889 1.84
SUBTOTAL 172,428,245 39.43
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY 437,278,275 100.00
20 NONE No codes 20-39 Oxychem Niagara Falls NY 4,500,524 23.41
Citizens Gas & Coke Utility Indianapolis IN 1,646,747 8.57
PPM Inc. Philadelphia PA 1,265,650 6.58
General Motors Corp. Linden NJ 1,228,315 6.39
3MCo. Weatherford OK 1,141,798 5.94
Ganes Chemical Inc. Pennsville NJ 1,003,850 5.22
U.S.Dept. of Energy Kansas City MO 629,224 3.27
Harvard Industries Inc. Bucyrus OH 559,455 2.91
American Cyanamid Co. Stamford CT 449,690 2.34
Unison Transformer Services Henderson KY 448,830 2.33
SUBTOTAL 12,874,083 66.97
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY 19,224,021 100.00
(a) Aristech has submitted a revision to TRI regarding their SIC code for the 1989 reporting. The correct SIC code is SIC 28 (Chemicals).
1-7
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-2. The Ton Chemicals with the Largest TRI Releases and Transfers in Each Industry, 1989.
SIC INDUSTRY CHEMICAL
CODE
20 Food Ammonia
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Phosphoric acid
Sulfuric acid
Ethylene glycol
Nitric acid
Chlorine
Acetone
Methanol
Acetaldehyde
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
21 Tobacco Ammonia
Propylene
Toluene
Acetone
Chlorine
Styrene
Zinc compounds
2-Ethoxyethanol
Dibutyl phthalate
Barium compounds
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
22 Textiles Methyl ethyl ketone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Toluene
Methanol
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Ammonia
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Phosphoric acid
Acetone
Tetrachloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
23 Apparel 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Toluene
Dichloromethane
Acetone
Sulfuric acid
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Tetrachloroethylene
Manganese compounds
Chlorine
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
18,962,651
17,989,985
8,096,067
4,645,757
3,919,830
2,936,391
1,891,167
1,257,737
914,037
848,622
61,462,244
67,803,337
632,347
536,000
176,563
46,674
30,706
28,997
14,489
7,685
5,000
4,800
1,483,261
1,485,626
7,702,570
4,677,849
4,540,924
4,504,836
3,159,201
2,774,261
2,691,098
2,386,933
2,290,184
2,021,929
36,749,785
46,081,356
380,233
237,100
213,297
157,079
156,858
135,250
131,244
120,852
115,505
67,275
1,714,693
2,059,373
27.97
26.53
11.94
6.85
5.78
4.33
2.79
1.85
1.35
1.25
90.65
100.00
42.56
36.08
11.88
3.14
2.07
1.95
0.98
0.52
0.34
0.32
99.84
100.00
16.72
10.15
9.85
9.78
6.86
6.02
5.84
5.18
4.97
4.39
79.75
100.00
18.46
11.51
10.36
7.63
7.62
6.57
6.37
5.87
5.61
3.27
83.26
100.00
1-8
-------
TRI Industry Distribution, 1989
Table 1-2. Continued.
SIC INDUSTRY CHEMICAL
CODE
24 Lumber Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Formaldehyde
Methyl ethyl ketone
Acetone
Methanol
Total for Mixtures
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Ammonia
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
25 Furniture, Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Acetone
1, 1,1-Trichloroethane
n-Butyl alcohol
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Olycol ethers
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.— strong acid process)
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
26 Paper Methanol
Toluene
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Chloroform
Acetone
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Chlorine
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine dioxide
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
27 Printing Toluene
1,1 ,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Glycol ethers
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.— strong acid process)
Acetone
Methanol
Dichloromethane
Methyl isobutyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
8,229,284
8,197,656
4,559,607
2,791,419
1,726,581
1,624,465
1,624,004
1,451,803
1,181,778
991,106
32,377,703
37,824,596
18,222,706
12,037,098
10,748,311
6,034,857
5,438,695
3,307,205
2,746,109
2,449,943
1,483,799
493,450
62,962,173
65,369,507
118,334,484
36,055,332
27,038,003
23,312,163
20,490,608
17,751,587
13,064,014
10,024,514
8,244,205
6,137,251
280,452,161
313,254,241
42,789389
4,522,055
3,906,677
2,004,817
1,893,662
1,241,327
863,576
822,857
351,262
328,537
58,724,159
60,923,661
21.76
21.67
12.05
7.38
4.56
4.29
4.29
3.84
3.12
2.62
85.60
100.00
27.88
18.41
16.44
9.23
8.32
5.06
4.20
3.75
2.27
0.75
96.32
100.00
37.78
11.51
8.63
7.44
6.54
5.67
4.17
3.20
2.63
1.96
89.53
100.00
70.23
7.42
6.41
3.29
3.11
2.04
1.42
1.35
0.58
0.54
96.39
100.00
1-9
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-2. Continued.
SIC INDUSTRY CHEMICAL
CODE
28 Chemicals Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia
Methanol
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Carbon disulfide
Toluene
Phosphoric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
29 Petroleum Ammonia
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Propylene
Benzene
Ethylene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Phenol
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
1,2,4-Triniethylbenzene
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
30 Plastics Acetone
Dichloromethane
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methanol
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Carbon disulfide
Styrene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Zinc compounds
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR INDUSTRY
31 Leather Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Toluene
Ammonia
Methyl ethyl ketone
Acetone
Glycol ethers
Chromium compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Manganese compounds
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
679,801,071
388,719,617
249,226,683
183,822,306
159,661,072
119,385,491
86,364,204
70,170,774
69,769,025
69,059,759
2,075,980,002
2,745,768,071
35,906,702
12,151,551
7,758,193
6,224,680
4,685,674
4,073,622
3,652,527
2,958,555
2,631,984
2,189,894
82,233,382
103,136,599
30,025,055
25,802,067
23,102,515
18,430,608
17^67,847
13,896,282
13,126,985
10,404,661
6,557,946
4,266,003
162,979,969
194,502,619
5,425,972
3,620,225
2,894,226
2,882,455
2,171,883
1,708,104
1,106,402
1,009,682
971,886
642,700
22,433,535
24,861,979
24.76
14.16
9.08
6.69
5.81
4.35
3.15
2.56
2.54
2.52
75.61
100.00
34.81
11.78
7.52
6.04
4.54
3.95
3.S4
2.87
2.55
2.12
79.73
100.00
15.44
13.27
11.88
9.48
8.93
7.14
6.75
5.35
3.37
2.19
83.79
100.00
21.82
14.56
11.64
11.59
8.74
6.87
4.45
4.06
3.91
2.59
90.23
100.00
1-10
-------
TRI industry Distribution, 1989
Table 1-2. Continued.
SIC INDUSTRY CHEMICAL
CODE
32 Stone/Clay Sulfuric acid
Lead compounds
Toluene
Ammonia
Total for Mixtures
Asbestos (friable)
Hydrochloric acid
Formaldehyde
Methanol
Chromium compounds
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
33 Primary Metals Zinc compounds
Chlorine
Sulfuric acid
Manganese compounds
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Hydrochloric acid
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Lead compounds
Manganese
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
34 Fabr. Metals 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Glycol ethers
Sulfuric acid
Xylene (mixed isomers)
n-Butyl alcohol
Trichloroethylene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Toluene
Hydrochloric acid
Zinc compounds
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
35 Machinery 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Freon 113
Trichloroethylene
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Sulfuric acid
Chromium
Dichloromethane
Nitric acid
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
6,720,479
3,898,600
3,088,455
2,945,635
2,944,020
2,694,619
2,334,393
2,225,490
1,803,316
1,769,850
30,424,857
47,485,910
127,313,136
114,942,545
69,731,409
48,953,818
47,524,362
45,095,697
36,664,016
22,082,940
21,858,099
21,472,088
555,638,110
756,808,577
24,039,798
22,056,262
21,490,124
18,576,778
13,343,558
12,239,131
11,664,019
11,634,320
10,868,895
7,525,686
153,438,571
207,383,999
16,720,224
8,655,031
7,491,315
7,189,550
5,145,074
2,360,465
2,171,600
2,136,408
1,903,532
1,716,432
55,489,631
74,922,470
14.15
8.21
6.50
6.20
6.20
5.67
4.92
4.69
3.80
3.73
64.07
100.00
16.82
15.19
9.21
6.47
6.28
5.96
4.84
2.92
2.89
2.84
73.42
100.00
11.59
10.64
10.36
' 8.96
6.43
5.90
5.62
5.61
5.24
3.63
73.99
100.00
22.32
11.55
10.00
9.60
6.87
3.15
2.90
2.85
2.54
2.29
74.06
100.00
1-11
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-2. Continued.
SIC INDUSTRY CHEMICAL
CODE
36 Electrical 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Freon 113
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Dichloromethane
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
Glycol ethers
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
37 Transportation Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Acetone
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Glycol ethers
Styrene
Freon 113
n-Butyl alcohol
Methyl isobutyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
38 Measurc./Photo. Dichloromethane
Methanol
Freon 113
Acetone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Trichloroethylene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Sulfuric acid
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
39 Miscellaneous Toluene
Acetone
Methyl ethyl ketone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
Nickel compounds
Methanol
Freon 113
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
20,946,321
19,287,519
15,161,270
9,170,339
8,640,177
8,513,166
5,943,189
5,516,372
5,047,653
4,879,034
103,105,040
145,758,174
42,652,452
33,595,538
23,808,311
18,696,192
14,755,978
12,594,929
12,333,667
10,030,502
9,481,022
8,309,417
186,258,008
245,316,145
21,122,582
8,841,364
8,743,651
8,535,825
4,680,641
3,484,051
2,154,911
1,092,691
1,055,202
760,763
60,471,681
69,535,397
7,972,183
5,900,746
4,951,099
3,904,689
2,667,587
2,246,821
1,721,975
1,196,941
843,183
680,307
32,085,531
38,886,447 -
14.37
13.23
10.40
6.29
5.93
5.84
4.08
3.78
3.46
3.35
70.74
100.00
17.39
13.69
9.71
7.62
6.02
5.13
5.03
4.09
3.86
3.39
75.93
100.00
30.38
12.71
12.57
12.28
6.73
5.01
3.10
1.57
1.52
1.09
86.97
100.00
20.50
15.17
12.73
10.04
6.86
5.78
4.43
3.08
2.17
1.75
82.51
100.00
1-12
-------
Table 1-2. Continued.
TRI Industry Distribution, 1989
SIC INDUSTRY
CODE
CHEMICAL
TOTAL RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Percent
MULT. Multiple codes 20-39 Manganese compounds
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Toluene
Ammonia
Acetone
1,1,1-Trichloro ethane
Hydrochloric acid
Dichloromethane
Sulfuric acid
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
52,838,721
43,165,851
39,807,285
39,718,420
31,634,605
19,871,522
19,350,588
16^99,700
14,633,954
12,408,314
289,828,960
437,278,275
12.08
9.87
9.10
9.08
7.23
4.54
4.43
3.75
3.35
2.84
66.28
100.00
NONE No codes 20-39
Hydrochloric acid
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Ammonia
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Acetone
1,1,1-TrichIoroethane
Sulfuric acid
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
4,685,936
2,233,202
1,433,478
1,335,569
1,246,912
907,814
835,469
801,322
781,691
337,983
14,599,376
19,224,021
24.38
11.62
7.46
6.95
6.49
4.72
4.35
4.17
4.07
1.76
75.94
100.00
1-13
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-3. TRI Releases and Transfers within Each Industry of the Top 25 Chemicals, 1989.
TRI CHEMICAL
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Ammonia
Toluene
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Manganese compounds
Carbon disulfide
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Chromium compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
FOOD TOBACCO TEXTILES
SIC 20 SIC 21 SIC 22
Percent Percent Percent
26.53
1.19
1.35
27.97
1.20
6.85
1.85
0.22
0.12
0.27
1.03
2.79
0.66
0.03
0.00
11.94
4.33
0.07
0.26
0.31
5.78
0.03
0.34
0.00
0.23
95.35
4.65
100.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
42.56
11.88
0.01
3.14
0.00
0.02
0.98
0.00
2.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
60.71
39.29
100.00
6.86
0.12
9.78
6.02
9.85
2.33
4.97
5.84
10.15
0.12
16.72
1.73
1.01
0.02
0.00
5.18
0.00
0.04
0.57
0.76
1.92
0.00
0.03
0.08
0.14
84.23
15.77
100.00
APPAREL
SIC 23
Percent
0.70
0.00
0.12
1.53
10.36
6.57
7.62
6.37
18.46
0.44
11.51
3.27
7.63
5.61
0.00
2.70
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.62
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
83.74
16.26
100.00
LUMBER FURNITURE
SIC 24 SIC 25
Percent Percent
0.12
0.04
4.29
3.12
21.67
0.21
4.56
21.76
0.77
0.00
7.38
0.01
0.54
0.03
0.00
0.61
0.00
0.00
0.05
1.11
0.32
0.01
0.36
0.44
2.62
70.05
29.95
100.00
0.00
0.08
16.44
0.04
27.88
0.23
8.32
18.41
5.06
0.02
9.23
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.05
0.00
0.00
2.27
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
4.20
93.01
6.99
100.00
1-14
-------
TRI Industry Distribution, 1989
Table 1-3. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Ammonia
Toluene
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Manganese compounds
Carbon disulfide
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Chromium compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
PAPER
SIC 26
Percent
4.17
8.63
37.78
1.90
11.51
7.44
5.67
1.01
1.00
0.77
2.63
3.20
0.23
0.01
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.41
0.00
0.38
0.80
0.93
0.01
0.07
0.14
88.05
11.95
100.00
PRINTING CHEMICALS PETROLEUM
SIC 27 SIC 28 SIC 29
Percent Percent Percent
0.31
0.00
1.35
0.23
70.23
0.02
1.42
3.29
7.42
0.02
6.41
0.00
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.52
0.00
0.03
3.11
0.34
0.11
0.13
0.60
0.12
95.72
4.28
100.00
24.76
14.16
6.69
9.08
2.56
5.81
4.35
1.20
0.26
0.34
0.54
0.40
1.40
0.53
3.15
2.54
1.59
2.52
0.11
0.35
1.24
0.01
0.16
0.84
0.49
85.06
14.94
100.00
2.55
0.43
1.60
34.81
11.78
0.47
0.19
7.52
0.28
0.35
3.54
0.21
0.00
0.13
0.37
1.32
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.12
0.44
0.80
0.04
0.46
0.02
66.74
33.26
100.00
PLASTICS
SIC 30
Percent
1.88
0.18
8.93
1.29
11.88
0.16
15.44
3.37
7.14
2.19
9.48
0.13
13.27
0.00
6.75
0.07
0.05
0.00
1.16
0.79
0.50
0.04
0.05
0.08
0.62
85.45
14.55
100.00
LEATHER
SIC 31
Percent
21.82
0.00
0.20
11.64
14.56
1.52
8.74
4.06
1.27
0.00
11.59
0.01
0.92
2.59
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.45
0.98
91.53
8.47
100.00
7-75
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-3. Continued.
TRI CHEMICAL STONE/CLAY
RANK
SIC 32
Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Ammonia
Toluene
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Xylenc (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
Dichloromcthane
Manganese compounds
Carbon disulfide
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Chromium compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
1.45
4.92
3.80
6.20
6.50
14.15
1.10
3.15
1.71
1.30
2.26
0.01
3.63
0.34
0.18
0.43
0.09
1.80
0.28
1.26
1.12
0.60
0.01
3.73
0.30
59.79
40.21
100.00
PRIMARY
METALS
SIC 33
Percent
1.14
4.84
0.40
2.15
0.71
9.21
0.10
0.64
2.92
16.82
0.87
15.19
0.23
6.47
0.00
0.30
1.45
0.04
0.16
0.14
0.73
6.28
5.96
1.83
0.05
78.64
21.36
100.00
FABR. MACHINERY ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT.
METALS
SIC 34 SIC 35 SIC 36 SIC 37
Percent Percent Percent Percent
0.43
5.24
0.32
0.36
5.61
10.36
2.07
8.96
11.59
3.63
5.62
0.06
1.87
0.05
0.00
1.23
2.57
0.00
2.11
10.64
0.43
1.63
0.46
0.87
6.43
82.55
17.45
100.00
0.00
1.53
1.30
0.60
6.87
2.90
1.59
11.55
22.32
0.39
3.15
0.03
2.54
1.35
0.00
0.50
2.29
0.00
10.00
2.22
0.83
0.28
0.39
1.03
0.77
74.42
25.58
100.00
3.35
1.73
2.00
1.81
4.08
5.93
5.84
10.40
14.37
1.27
2.36
0.08
6.29
0.63
0.00
0.63
1.43
0.45
13.23
3.46
0.77
0.32
0.59
0.17
0.96
82.16
17.84
100.00
0.00
1.29
2.09
0.21
7.62
2.34
9.71
17.39
13.69
0.66
6.02
0.10
2.70
0.60
0.00
0.22
1.54
0.00
4.09
5.13
0.88
0.06
0.16
0.56
3.86
80.38
19.62
100.00
1-16
-------
IRTIndustry Distribution, 1989
Table 1-3. Continued.
TRI
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
CHEMICAL MBASURE./PHOTO. MISCELLANEOUS MULTIPLE CODES NO CODES
SIC 38 SIC 39 20-39 20-39
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
Ammonia
Toluene
Sulfuric acid
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Manganese compounds
Carbon disulfide
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Copper compounds
Chromium compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
GRAND TOTAL
Percent
0.19
0.23
12.71
0.43
5.01
1.09
12.28
1.52
6.73
0.43
3.10
0.02
30.38
0.37
0.00
0.35
0.16
0.10
12.57
0.36
0.91
0.02
0.40
0.05
0.54
89.96
10.04
100.00
Percent
0.15
0.50
2.17
0.61
20.50
0.39
15.17
6.86
10.04
0.59
12.73
0.01
5.78
0.01
0.00
0.21
0.33
0.00
1.75
1.20
0.17
0.28
0.02
0.41
1.17
81.06
18.94
100.00
Percent
2.12
3.75
9.87
7.23
9.08
2.84
4.54
2.81
4.43
1.89
9.10
0.35
3.35
12.08
0.00
2.09
0.83
0.23
2.22
0.76
1.19
0.46
0.36
1.30
0.98
83.87
16.13
100.00
Percent
0.85
24.38
4.72
6.49
7.46
1.76
4.17
6.95
4.07
0.36
4.35
0.83
1.29
0.01
0.00
0.29
0.54
0.00
1.66
0.89
0.43
0.18
0.03
0.10
1.20
72.99
27.01
100.00
TOTAL
Percent
13.16
8.69
7.15
6.61
5.65
5.58
4.48
3.25
3.24
2.89
2.75
2.48
2.28
2.10
1.76
1.73
1.31
1.28
1.19
1.15
1.01
1.01
0.95
0.89
0.88
83.48
16.52
100.00
1-17
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-4. TRI Releases and Transfers within Each Industry of the Top 25 Carcinogens, 1989.
CARC. CHEMICAL
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Dichloromcthane
Styrcne
Tetrachloroethylene
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Chloroform
Lead
Chromium
Acrylonitrile
1,2-Dichloroethane
Nickel
Asbestos (friable)
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.-strong acid process)
1,3-Butadiene
Acrylamide
Carbon tetrachloride
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Ethylene oxide
Propylene oxide
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
Hexachlorobenzene
Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL
FOOD
SIC 20
Percent
33.23
0.06
0.00
0.13
4.75
6.06
2.30
3.33
0.00
0.00
4.59
0.00
3.46
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
14.05
22.73
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
95.19
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS 100.00
TOBACCO
SIC 21
Percent
0.00
100.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
100.00
100.00
TEXTILES
SIC 22
Percent
13.21
0.73
57.30
19.71
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.91
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.42
2.47
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
97.87
100.00
APPAREL
SIC 23
Percent
54.95
0.00
42.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.77
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
100.00
100.00
LUMBER FURNITURE
SIC 24 SIC 25
Percent Percent
3.73
2.68
2.53
83.11
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.96
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
99.59
100.00
18.97
7.69
0.88
17.83
0.00
0.00
0.80
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.00
32.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21.67
0.00
, 0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
99.79
100.00
1-18
-------
TRI Industry Distribution, 1989
Table 1-4. Continued.
CARC.
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
CHEMICAL PAPER PRINTING CHEMICALS PETROLEUM PLASTICS
Dichloromethane
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Chloroform
Lead
Chromium
Acrylonitrile
1,2-Dichloroethane
Nickel
Asbestos (friable)
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.- strong acid process)
1,3-Butadiene
Acrylamide
Carbon tetrachloride
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Ethylene oxide
Propylene oxide
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
Hexachlorobenzene
Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
Percent
2.84
0.17
0.80
4.46
0.00
80.80
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.62
1.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.01
0.10
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
99.94
100.00
Percent
18.95
1.49
10.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
66.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.29
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
99.96
100.00
Percent
28.23
9.04
1.92
13.31
7.51
2.92
0.10
0.21
8.70
5.49
0.18
0.97
0.84
3.92
3.40
3.19
0.14
0.44
1.17
1.49
0.98
0.42
0.30
1.07
0.81
96.76
100.00
Percent
0.07
0.37
0.40
1.11
71.34
0.00
0.64
4.52
0.00
0.18
2.16
16.92
0.01
1.14
0.00
0.42
0.03
0.00
0.49
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
99.60
100.00
Percent
63.17
25.47
2.41
0.62
0.00
0.05
1.22
0.03
0.00
0.15
0.13
0.40
1.15
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.04
3.32
0.73
0.01
0.00
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
99.29
100.00
LEATHER
SIC 31
Percent
24.57
0.00
18.01
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
54.90
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.83
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.29
100.00
100.00
1-19
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-4. Continued.
£^S£ CHEMICAL STONE/CLAY PRIMARY METALS FABR. METALS MACHINERY ELECTRICAL
RANK SIC 32 SIC 33 SIC 34 SIC 35 SIC 36
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Dichloromcthane
Styrcne
Tctrachloroethylene
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Chloroform
Lead
Chromium
Acrylonitrile
1,2-DichIoroethane
Nickel
Asbestos (friable)
Isopropyl alcohol (mfg.- strong acid process)
1,3-Butadiene
Acrylamide
Carbon tetrachloride
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Di-(2-ethyIhexyl) phthalate
Ethylene oxide
Propylene oxide
1,4-Dichlorobcnzene
1,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
Hcxachlorobenzene
Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
20.28
6.85
2.00
26.16
0.01
0.01
10.37
0.74
0.00
0.00
0.01
31.67
0.38
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.53
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.73
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
99.91
100.00
4.28
0.48
7.09
1.22
24.97
0.00
36.20
15.15
0.00
0.00
8.34
0.03
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
98.54
100.00
30.78
0.69
28.62
0.28
0.00
0.00
4.24
17.61
0.00
0.84
12.54
0.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
98.84
100.00
22.71
3.54
14.56
1.41
0.01
0.00
0.91
25.49
0.00
12.04
14.51
0.27
1.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.55
0.00
2.06
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
99.96
100.00
54.51
2.75
20.69
1.89
0.00
0.01
5.84
2.12
n nn
\jt\j\j
0.00
1 OR
1*70
0.00
3.50
0.00
n rvi
\jt\j\j
0.01
2.22
2.57
0.76
0.00
n nn
\J.\J\J
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
98.96
100.00
7-20
-------
TR1Industry Distribution, 1989
Table 1-4. Continued.
CARC. CHEMICAL TRANSPORT. MEASURE./PHOTO MISCELLANEOUS MULTIPLE CODE
RANK SIC 37 SIC 38 SIC 39 20-39
Percent Percent Percent Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Dichloromethane
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Formaldehyde
Benzene
Chloroform
Lead
Chromium
Acrylonitrile
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Nickel
Asbestos (friable)
20.90
38.94
22.03
0.31
0.40
0.05
1.94
1.56
0.00
0.05
3.90
6.25
Isopropyl alcohol (tnfg.- strong acid process) 1.96
1,3-Butadiene
Acrylamide
Carbon tetrachloride
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Ethylene oxide
Propylene oxide
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
Hexachlorobenzene
Vinyl chloride
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL FOR ALL CARCINOGENS
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.45
0.00
0.00
' 0.00
0.52
0.00
0.00
0.03
99.86
100.00
88.44
0.24
2.49
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.38
0.01
3.17
0.12
0.00
0.24
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
2.98
0.15
0.00
0.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
99.94
100.00
53.25
10.77
10.15
0.43
0.03
0.00
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.00
1.40
7.37
7.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.41
0.55
0.00
0.00
1.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
99.93
100.00
39.66
9.08
11.11
3.87
8.19
7.43
2.21
1.36
1.20
0.23
3.01
0.14
2.52
1.93
0.00
0.64
0.37
0.72
0.71
0.10
0.90
0.58
2.91
0.00
0.65
99.54
100.00
NO CODES
20-39
Percent
6.47
6.18
3.14
2.96
6.47
0.02
8.76
0.20
0.01
0.00
0.06
0.00
6.88
0.00
0.00
0.02
58.06
0.34
0.19
0.03
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.01
99.88
100.00
1-21
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-5. TRI Refeases and Transfers within Each Industry by State, 1989.
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
FOOD
SIC 20
Percent
1.37
0.00
0.04
0.64
2.46
8.23
0.63
0.09
0.12
0.00
1.16
1.39
1.71
0.94
9.84
2.62
9.33
0.61
0.70
0.84
0.14
1.71
0.28
2.47
1.65
0.90
3.31
0.08
0.82
0.02
0.07
1.24
0.00
1.24
2.38
0.06
3.27
0.16
1.01
1.61
0.24
0.00
0.24
0.45
17.91
7.91
0.34
0.17
0.00
1.11
1.31
0.01
4.96
0.19
TOBACCO
SIC 21
Percent
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.71
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.48
8.78
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.77
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
43.84
0.00
36.12
0.00
0.00
TEXTILES
SIC 22
Percent
4.38
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.30
1.59
0.00
1.92
0.20
0.00
0.09
14.53
0.00
0.00
1.39
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
1.34
0.34
4.15
0.65
0.00
8.84
1.48
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.74
3.25
0.00
2.63
23.07
0.00
3.00
0.25
0.00
1.72
0.15
1.47
15.11
0.00
1.21
1.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.30
0.03
0.00
1.93
0.00
APPAREL
SIC 23
Percent
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.84
1.42
0.00
0.00
4.45
0.56
0.00
2.63
4.10
0.00
0.00
0.07
3.66
1.43
0.00
0.00
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.29
0.00
0.00
14.32
10.13
0.00
17.23
0.00
0.00
9.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.65
3.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.62
4.85
0.00
0.44
0.00
LUMBER
SIC 24
Percent
0.98
0.00
0.00
0.40
1.84
3.84
0.78
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.62
2.01
0.01
0.30
1.99
12.82
3.20
0.89
0.45
1.12
0.76
0.15
0.14
3.51
11.37
4.75
0.51
0.79
0.29
0.01
0.66
0.29
0.23
0.30
4.13
0.00
2.54
0.16
6.62
6.02
0.01
0.04
2.04
1.10
1.81
3.03
1.47
0.09
0.00
6.03
2.95
2.79
4.09
0.01
FURNITURE
SIC 25
Percent
2.09
0.00
0.00
0.51
2.83
4.13
0.49
0.01
0.09
0.00
1.20
0.90
0.00
0.00
1.58
6.33
0.48
0.04
0.40
0.01
0.20
0.00
0.48
7.61
0.07
5.78
0.75
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.10
0.27
0.00
3.57
27.82
0.00
1.51
0.50
0.14
3.24
0.01
0.00
1.44
0.00
6.22
0.83
0.11
0.85
0.00
15.30
0.13
0.00
1.33
0.00
TOTAL
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
7-22
-------
TRI Industry Distribution, 1989
Table 1-5. Continued.
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
PAPER PRINTING CHEMICALS PETROLEUM PLASTICS LEATHER
SIC 26 SIC 27 SIC 28 SIC 29 SIC 30 SIC 31
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
5.27
2.00
0.00
1.06
1.17
4.29
0.10
0.17
0.04
0.00
10.69
8.43
0.00
0.00
1.93
0.72
1.81
0.01
0.65
1.54
3.30
2.67
2.05
1.96
3.29
0.78
0.10
0.12
0.20
0.00
0.58
1.52
0.00
2.27
3.94
0.00
4.78
0.40
3.55
4.18
0.00
0.05
2.87
0.00
2.21
3.30
0.00
0.03
0.00
3.63
6.39
0.00
6.14
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.56
0.04
1.00
0.04
0.33
0.01
0.00
0.49
4.30
0.00
0.00
16.25
9.47
2.33
0.85
3.66
0.20
0.10
3.35
0.79
0.36
1.02
5.74
1.67
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.25
1.66
0.20
3.70
4.28
0.00
3.07
0.04
0.02
5.94
0.00
1.54
2.03
0.00
11.38
1.91
0.00
0.04
0.00
7.64
0.00
0.00
3.42
0.00
2.61
0.68
0.00
0.02
1.12
2.10
0.06
0.45
0.25
0.00
4.16
1.09
0.00
0.31
4.16
1.54
0.48
5.79
2.27
15.36
0.01
0.21
0.24
2.05
0.03
2.41
3.10
0.00
0.19
0.80
0.01
3.11
0.13
1.22
1.91
0.00
4.42
0.78
0.07
1.45
0.54
0.11
0.69
0.04
5.92
23.99
0.16
0.00
0.00
2.36
0.14
1.33
0.26
0.60
0.26
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.13
11.07
0.74
0.00
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.57
0.00
3.61
2.03
0.00
7.29
0.88
17.09
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.60
2.42
0.61
0.04
1.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.48
0.61
0.57
0.02
0.30
3.49
2.60
0.01
4.27
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.83
31.09
0.62
0.00
1.24
0.82
1.18
0.33
0.12
1.13
1.82
0.00
0.00
0.36
3.22
5.24
0.20
0.84
0.09
0.00
1.45
2.83
0.02
0.02
6.16
7.62
2.06
1.06
1.94
0.01
0.47
0.22
2.09
5.01
0.53
3.05
3.08
0.00
1.81
0.90
0.26
1.52
0.02
1.43
4.43
0.26
10.09
0.67
0.65
3.37
1.48
0.12
7.97
0.10
6.46
2.64
0.06
0.00
0.00
3.78
0.90
0.33
2.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.52
0.70
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.24
2.08
3.31
0.00
0.32
0.00
10.01
2.03
1.15
18.47
4.75
0.00
5.14
0.00
5.18
0.00
0.01
6.33
0.00
3.44
3.58
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.30
8.93
1.81
0.08
0.00
0.00
1.36
8.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
10.45
0.00
TOTAL
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
7-25
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-5. Continued.
STATE STONE/CLAY PRIMARY METALS FABR. METALS MACHINERY ELECTRICAL
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
SIC 32
Percent
5.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.58
1.94
1.20
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.25
4.66
0.00
0.00
5.81
9.09
0.07
1.48
1.48
0.36
0.02
1.07
0.60
2.15
0.60
13.55
1.48
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.06
1.40
0.00
8.75
1.50
0.05
9.30
0.92
0.11
8.74
0.05
1.24
0.91
0.21
4.04
4.63
0.05
0.14
0.00
1.35
0.01
1.17
3.58
0.00
SIC 33
Percent
2.49
0.00
0.00
4.12
2.19
1.08
0.25
0.24
0.01
0.00
0.18
1.23
0.00
0.00
6.05
7.00
0.55
0.04
2.41
0.17
0.00
0.44
0.14
7.80
0.11
0.05
4.02
4.88
0.44
0.03
0.15
0.62
3.76
1.05
0.18
0.00
10.40
0.48
0.41
7.67
0.01
0.03
0.52
0.10
1.44
2.94
18.05
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.25
2.05
3.73
0.00
SIC 34
Percent
2.15
0.00
0.00
0.40
1.22
6.22
0.82
3.23
0.00
0.00
1.41
1.64
0.15
0.10
7.06
3.55
1.01
0.47
0.83
1.62
0.11
0.81
2.35
7.07
2.33
2.40
2.62
0.00
0.51
0.07
0.50
4.06
0.00
3.79
1.84
0.00
12.70
2.24
0.41
3.85
0.21
0.88
2.16
0.05
1.56
6.82
0.10
0.90
0.00
2.73
1.17
0.94
3.56
0.17
SIC 35
Percent
1.47
0.00
0.00
0.42
1.88
3.19
1.38
3.32
0.00
0.00
2.27
2.73
0.00
0.53
5.98
4.25
4.36
2.14
2.17
0.27
0.18
0.21
1.34
1.70
3:71
4.81
2.22
0.00
1.21
0.00
1.23
1.69
0.08
4.46
2.10
0.54
9.65
1.78
0.24
5.33
0.49
0.07
2.93
0.33
2.70
4.68
0.29
0.12
0.00
1.24
0.26
1.36
6.67
0.00
SIC 36
Percent
1.87
0.00
0.00
4.28
2.81
5.64
0.48
1.95
0.01
0.00
2.62
1.01
0.00
2.31
4.61
9.33
2.37
1.12
3.35
0.31
0.60
0.41
4.94
0.62
3.04
0.49
3.49
0.00
0.88
0.00
2.02
0.91
0.67
4.16
2.63
0.00
7.50
0.40
1.30
5.11
0.86
0.09
2.79
0.44
1.83
4.52
0.84
0.15
0.00
1.81
0.57
0.03
2.83
0.00
TOTAL
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
1-24
-------
TRIIndustry Distribution, 1989
Table 1-5. Continued.
STATE TRANSPORTATION MEASURE./PHOTO. MISCELLANEOUS MULTIPLE CODE NO CODES
SIC 37 SIC 38 SIC 39 20-39 20-39
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Honda
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
1.49
0.00
0.00
0.73
1.14
7.90
0.39
2.57
1.50
0.00
3.68
2.77
0.00
0.00
3.38
6.17
0.65
1.37
1.93
2.68
0.33
1.01
0.30
17.92
1.11
0.12
5.69
0.01
0.17
0.00
0.07
0.33
0.06
1.88
1.48
0.01
11.01
1.22
0.65
1.89
0.00
0.24
1.27
0.01
3.71
3.26
1.31
0.11
0.00
1.59
3.73
0.03
1.10
0.00
0.62
0.00
0.00 '
0.91
0.37
4.32
2.05
1.13
0.20
0.00
2.97
0.71
0.00
0.00
1.33
8.05
0.02
0.09
0.00
0.06
0.02
0.09
7.26
0.06
1.82
0.17
0.48
0.00
1.11
0.03
0.25
2.45
0.00
36.11
1.09
0.00
1.34
1.23
0.55
16.48
1.49
0.47
0.99
0.00
0.46
0.92
1.09
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.53
0.00
0.43
0.00
1.70
0.00
0.00
6.17
4.74
3.18
0.06
4.80
0.03
0.00
17.14
1.42
0.00
0.00
3.75
8.58
2.90
0.72
3.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
1.46
0.56
0.15
1.09
1.16
0.00
0.00
0.05
1.45
0.26
0.00
3.06
1.94
0.12
4.38
0.03
0.06
10.88
0.21
2.74
2.71
0.19
2.16
1.23
0.39
0.11
0.00
1.09
0.78
0.00
3.49
0.00
1.47
0.00
0.00
0.33
0.87
1.77
0.85
0.90
0.00
0.00
2.55
4.07
0.30
0.58
1.61
15.80
1.46
1.38
1.28
3.66
0.28
0.43
3.33
2.94
9.72
3.38
1.60
0.00
0.36
0.00
0.87
0.66
0.02
2.15
2.05
0.00
7.66
0.87
1.33
3.36
1.14
0.25
2.97
0.01
5.62
4.01
0.06
0.03
0.00
3.18
1.00
0.16
1.63
0.00
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.43
4.06
0.00
2.34
0.01
0.00
2.40
2.14
0.00
0.00
1.44
9.21
0.50
1.03
2.54
1.88
0.02
0.20
1.93
0.57
1.41
0.11
3.98
0.00
1.23
0.00
0.00
13.74
0.42
24.34
2.05
0.00
1.93
6.53
0.00
7.35
0.39
0.00
0.19
0.00
0.24
2.32
2.08
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.25
0.00
TOTAL
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00 100.00
7-25
-------
-------
APPENDIX J
Distribution of TRI Releases and
Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals
by State and by Industry, 1989
-------
Appendix J
Table J-1. The Ten 33/50 Chemicals with the Largest TRI Total Releases and Transfers in Each State, 1989.
ALABAMA
Chemical
Methyl ethyl kctonc
Toluene
Xylenc (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Chloroform
Trichloroethylene
Dichloromethane
Benzene
Lead
Methyl isobutyl kctonc
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
ARKANSAS
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethanc
1,1,1-TrichIoroethaae
Nickel compounds
Chromium compounds
Lead
Chloroform
Methyl isobutyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
CALIFORNIA
Chemical
1,1,1-Trichloroethanc
Dichloromethanc
Toluene
Tctrachloroethylene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Lead
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chromium compounds
Chloroform
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Founds
7,901,642
7,140,426
6,288,303
3,381,194
2,679,012
1,948,862
1,802,587
1,625,628
1,202,975
830,901
34,801,530
3,490,854
137,761,513
Pounds
5,024,898
3,630,229
3,376,946
2,115,133
1,893,860
1,095,698
961,063
798,088
635,966
584,145
20,116,026
1,133,172
78,955,945
Pounds
24,009,636
7,123,979
4,659,355
4,319,367
4,024,429
3,520,579
1,561,572
1,539,517
1,254,117
656,409
52,668,960
2,243,588
168,825,335
Percent of
State TRI
Totals
5.74
5.18
4.56
2.45
1.94
1.41
1.31
1.18
0.87
0.60
25.26
2.53
Percent of
State TRI
Totals
6.36
4.60
4.28
2.68
2.40
1.39
1.22
1.01
0.81
0.74
25.48
1.44
Percent of
State TRI
Totals
14.22
4.22
2.76
2.56
2.38
2.09
0.92
0.91
0.74
0.39
31.20
1.33
ALASKA
Chemical
Chloroform
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Benzene
Nickel compounds
Cadmium compounds
Cadmium
Chromium compounds
Chromium
Lead compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
ARIZONA
Chemical
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Lead compounds
Toluene
Lead
Chromium
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Tetrachloroethylene
Nickel
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
COLORADO
Chemical
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Dichloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Lead
Chromium
Nickel
Carbon Tetrachloride
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
270,811
33,458
32,238
30,873
500
0
0
0
0
0
367,880
0
24,986,799
Pounds
2,078,903
1,421,948
752,093
683,626
680,650
556,479
466,362
433,189
401,598
235,850
7,710,698
752,266
: 50,764,830
Pounds
1,840,519
808,166
710,515
674,333
401,177
284,499
197,366
142,753
131,647
49,823
5,240,798
78,811
16,357,496
Percent of
State TRI
Totals
1.08
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.47
0.00
Percent of
State TRI
Totals
4.10
2.80
1.48
1.35
1.34
1.10
0.92
0.85
0.79
0.46
15.19
1.48
Percent of
State TRI
Totals
11.25
4.94
4.34
4.12
2.45
1.74
1.21
0.87
0.80
0.30
32.04
0.48
7-2
-------
33150 Chemicals in TRI, 1989
Table J-1. Continued.
CONNECTICUT
Chemical
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Dichloromethane
Toluene
Tctrachloroethylenc
Methyl ethyl ketone
Nickel compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Ttichloroethylene
Chromium compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
FLORIDA
Chemical
Toluene
Dichloromethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Chloroform
Trichloroethylene
Lead
Tetrachloroethylene
Nickel compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
HAWAH
Chemical
Toluene
m-Xylene
Benzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Dichloromethane
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Lead
Nickel
Chromium compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
9,168,761
3,152,501
2,930,545
2,269,151
1,320,451
1,283,200
673,458
580,868
308,076
257,132
21,944,143
1,345,145
42,963,065
Pounds
5,212,915
2,748,611
2,450,683
2,238,077
2,190,867
1,157,585
599,330
287,508
269,839
247,182
17,402,597
833,269
192,044,588
Pounds
92,950
50,830
48,100
42,295
41,701
29,900
18,550
1,750
1,500
806
328,382
0
3,402,365
Percent of
State TRI
Total
21.34
7.34
6.82
5.28
3.07
2.99
1.57
1.35
0.72
0.60
51.08
3.13
Percent of
State TRI
Total
2.71
1.43
1.28
1.17
1.14
0.60
0.31
0.15
0.14
0.13
9.06
0.43
Percent of
State TRI
Total
2.73
1.49
1.41
1.24
1.23
0.88
0.55
0.05
0.04
0.02
9.65
0.00
DELAWARE
Chemical
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Carbon Tetrachloride
Tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Benzene
Chromium compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
GEORGIA
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Dichloromethane
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chloroform
Methyl ethyl ketone
Trichloroethylene
Benzene
Tetrachloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
IDAHO
Chemical
Chloroform
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Chromium compounds
Tetrachloroethylene
Cadmium compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Lead
Nickel compounds
Carbon Tetrachloride
Cyanide compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
2,037,573
1,044,778
459,638
387,169
309,011
162,570
110,415
78,200
69,722
48,854
4,707,930
29,494
11,919,774
Pounds
6,977,337
6,733,674
3,974,061
3,632,046
2,591,606
2,308,834
1,999,001
1,358,872
914,093
721,111
31,210,635
1,575,545
117,888,623
Pounds
655,000
106,272
56,964
48,444
24,773
18,204
14,071
3,509
1,000
512
928,749
250
15,739,859
Percent of
State TRI
Total
17.09
8.77
3.86
3.25
2.59
1.36
0.93
0.66
0.58
0.41
39.50
0.25
Percent of
State TRI
Total
5.92
5.71
3.37
3.08
2.20
1.96
1.70
1.15
0.78
0.61
26.47
1.34
Percent of
State TRI
Total
4.16
0.68
0.36
0.31
0.16
0.12
0.09
0.02
0.01
0.00
5.90
0.00
J-3
-------
Appendix J
Table J-1. Continued.
ILLINOIS
Chemical
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylcne (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl kctonc
Trichlorocthylene
Dichloromcthane
Benzene
Methyl isobutyl kctone
Lead compounds
Tctrachlorocthylcne
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
IOWA
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl kctonc
Tctrachloroethylene
Dichloromcthanc
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chromium
Trichlorocthylenc
Nickel
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
KENTUCKY
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromcthanc
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Lead compounds
Trichlorocthylcne
Tetrachloroethylene
Benzene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
18,791,994
10,918,393
10,044,899
7,081,882
4,741,714
4,129,213
1,888,205
1,776,350
1,609,661
1,567,960
62,550,271
3,978,163
247,813,608
Pounds
8,058,673
4,055,271
3,331,080
2,688,541
1,420,388
852,840
416,148
308,841
149,201
85,428
21,366,411
239,966
55,143,195
Pounds
10,132,050
5,825,287
2,164,085
1,610,878
1,508,538
1,420,505
755,027
649,771
588,956
544,078
25,199,175
1",707,312
111,422,816
Percent of
State TRI
Total
7.58
4.41
4.05
2.86
1.91
1.67
0.76
0.72
0.65
0.63
25.24
1.61
Percent of
State TRI
Total
14.61
7.35
6.04
4.88
2.58
1.55
0.75
0.56
0.27
0.15
38.75
0.44
Percent of
State TRI
Total
9.09
5.23
1.94
1.45
1.35
1.27
0.68
0.58
0.53
0.49
22.62
1.53
INDIANA
Chemical
Toluene
Dichloromethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Trichloroethylene
Chromium compounds
Tetrachloroethylene
Benzene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
KANSAS
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Trichloroethylene
Methyl ethyl ketone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Lead compounds
Dichloromethane
Chromium compounds
Carbon Tetrachloride
Benzene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
LOUISIANA
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Cyanide compounds
Benzene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chloroform
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
18,353,853
14,209,036
11,341,782
10,803,948
7,384,484
6,836,955
4,323,348
2,736,987
2,675,581
2,508,388
81,174,362
4,805,725
255,023,626
Pounds
3,027,056
2,781,016
2,501,985
2,023,836
1,145,789
807,987
608,929
497,368
464,880
358,332
14,217,178
863,408
185,131,051
Pounds
5,141,114
2,588,749
1,601,504
1,500,036
1,361,989
1,145,480
841,200
732,554
587,152
568,489
16,068,267
2,007,732
473,546,487
Percent of
State TRI
Total
7.20
5.57
4.45
4.24
2.90
2.68
1.70
1.07
1.05
0.98
31.83
1.88
Percent of
State TRI
Total
1.64
1.50
1.35
1.09
0.62
0.44
0.33
0.27
0.25
0.19
7.68
0.47
Percent of
State TRI
Total
1.09
0.55
0.34
0.32
0.29
0.24
0.18
0.15
0.12
0.12
3.39
0.42
J-4
-------
33150 Chemicals in TRI, 1989
Table J-1. Continued.
MAINE
Chemical
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Chloroform
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomcrs)
Chromium compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
Dichloromethane
Lead compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
MASSACHUSETTS
Chemical
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chromium compounds
Tetrachloroethylene
Chromium
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
MINNESOTA
Chemical
Methyl ethyl ketone
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chloroform
Benzene
Nickel
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
1,771,641
1,149,805
835,883
491,690
202,201
180,348
92,592
71,377
42,503
38,755
4,876,795
23,488
18,581,543
Pounds
6,933,759
4,494,536
3,917,335
2,328,925
2,062,494
1,245,040
350,349
343,126
258,228
251,281
22,185,073
594,606
56,214,698
Pounds
21,496,286
17,858,788
6,025,894
3,087,818
2,453,275
911,313
781,251
356,001
297,974
246,031
53,514,631
846,298
81,932,154
Percent of
State TRI
Total
9.53
6.19
4.50
2.65
1.09
0.97
0.50
0.38
0.23
0.21
26.25
0.13
Percent of
State TRI
Total
12.33
8.00
6.97
4.14
3.67
2.21
0.62
0.61
0.46
0.45
39.46
1.06
Percent of
State TRI
Total
26.24
21.80
7.35
3.77
2.99
1.11
0.95
0.43
0.36
0.30
65.32
1.03
MARYLAND
Chemical
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Chromium compounds
Lead compounds
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Trichloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
MICHIGAN
Chemical
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
1 , 1 ,1 -Trichloroethane
Chromium compounds
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Trichloroethylene
Nickel compounds
Lead
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
MISSISSIPPI
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chloroform
Chromium
Benzene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
2,498,798
2,181,442
1,036,260
926,745
661,507
567,791
359,167
266,277
216,142
207,891
8,922,020
617,886
29,251,518
Pounds
19,333,415
18,966,394
8,941,532
7,167,027
5,953,813
4,566,743
3,478,585
2,333,544
2,112,135
1,457,137
74,310,325
4,015,253
220,137,364
Pounds
8,645,894
6,519,599
4,759,275
3,607,895
2,278,753
1,505,018
1,491,760
424,630
312,567
266,961
29,812,352
744,633
120,617,983
Percent of
State TRI
Total
8.54
7.46
3.54
3.17
2.26
1.94
1.23
0.91
0.74
0.71
30.50
2.11
Percent of
State TRI
Total
8.78
8.62
4.06
3.26
2.70
2.07
1.58
1.06
0.96
0.66
33.76
1.82
Percent of
State TRI
Total
7.17
5.41
3.95
2.99
1.89
1.25
1.24
0.35
0.26
0.22
24.72
0.62
J-5
-------
Appendix J
Table J-1. Continued.
MISSOURI
Chemical
Xylene (mixed isomcrs)
Lead compounds
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketonc
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
Methyl isobutyl ketonc
Tctrachlorocthylene
Lead
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
NEBRASKA
Chemical
Toluene
Dichloromcthane
Xylcne (mixed isomcrs)
1,1,1-Triehlorocthane
Methyl ethyl ketonc
Lead compounds
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Tctrachlorocthylene
Chromium compounds
Nickel compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Chemical
Toluene
1,1,1-TrichIoroethane
Dichloromcthane
Methyl ethyl ketonc
Xylcne (mixed isomcrs)
Trichloroethylene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Tctrachloroethylene
Chloroform
Nickel
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
10,082,047
7,046,054
6,455,510
4,214,685
3,933,506
3,834,778
1,615,895
1,593,015
683,151
535,951
39,994,592
1,581,870
163,105,846
Pounds
4,226,620
1,492,607
1,365,721
952,257
604,818
518,000
275,267
243,070
202,836
34,714
9,915,910
84,156
20,623,709
Pounds
2,065,223
1,854,686
1,439,499
1,403,157
451,682
328,242
283,186
196,971
124,333
68,820
8,215,799
72,653
14,392,899
Percent of
State TRI
Total
6.18
4.32
3.96
2.58
2.41
2.35
0.99
0.98
0.42
0.33
24.52
0.97
Percent of
State TRI
Total
20.49
7.24
6.62
4.62
2.93
2.51
1.33
1.18
0.98
0.17
48.08
0.41
Percent of
State TRI
Total
14.35
12.89
10.00
9.75
3.14
2.28
1.97
1.37
0.86
0.48
57.08
0.50
MONTANA
Chemical
Lead compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Chloroform
Benzene
Nickel compounds
Cadmium compounds
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Trichloroethylene
Methyl ethyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
NEVADA
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
1,1,1-TrichIoroethane
Trichloroethylene
Chromium compounds
Dichloromethane
Nickel
Chromium
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
NEW JERSEY
Chemical
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Dichloromethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Carbon Tetrachloride
Lead compounds
Trichloroethylene
Chromium compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
3,090,743
310,349
195,629
72,780
69,080
23,334
22,655
15,582
15,060
9,775
3,824,987
2,576
39,103,261
Pounds
451,653
59,891
52,734
13,907
12,417
5,940
1,400
1,300
500
250
599,992
934
3,295,677
Pounds
11,745,035
4,092,488
3,948,658
2,191,324
1,957,683
1,179,633
965,709
846,696
625,371
387,766
27,940,363
1,262,610
124,333,859
Percent of
State TRI
Total
7.90
0.79
0.50
0.19
0.18
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.02
9.78
0.01
Percent of
State TRI
Total
13.70
1.82
1.60
0.42
0.38
0.18
0.40
0.40
0.20
0.10
18.21
0.30
Percent of
State TRI
Total
9.45
3.29
3.18
1.76
1.57
0.95
0.78
0.68
0.50
0.31
22.47
1.02
J-6
-------
33150 Chemicals in TRI, 1989
Table J-1. Continued.
NEW MEXICO
Chemical
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Benzene
Lead compounds
Chromium compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Nickel
Chromium
Lead
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
NEW YORK
Chemical
Dichloromethane
Toluene
l,l|l-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Trichloroethylene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Lead compounds
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Tetrachloroethylene
Benzene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
OHIO
Chemical
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethanc
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chromium compounds
Dichloromethane
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Lead
Tetrachloroethylene
Benzene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
354,764
274,059
142,591
67,295
53,246
30,271
14,723
2,250
1,501
750
941,450
750
34,173,505
Pounds
12,416,330
11,459,808
7,539,951
5,396,844
3,715,588
3,027,915
2,811,595
2,467,251
2,406,958
1,031,728
52,273,968
2,309,589
126,275,855
Pounds
17,314,240
15,127,987
14,966,967
11,284,400
5,394,152
4,339,812
3,051,717
2,751,674
2,431,815
1,915,057
78,577,821
8,732,454
358,677,545
Percent of
State TRI
Total
1.04
0.80
0.42
0.20
0.16
0.90
0.40
0.10
0.00
0.00
2.75
0.00
Percent of
State TRI
Total
9.83
9.08
5.97
4.27
2.94
2.40
2.23
1.95
1.91
0.82
41.40
1.83
Percent of
State TRI
Total
4.83
4.22
4.17
3.15
1.50
1.21
0.85
0.77
0.68
0.53
21.91
2.43
NORTH CAROLINA
Chemical
Toluene
Chromium compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Chloroform
p-Xylene
Tetrachloroethylene
o-Xylene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
NORTH DAKOTA
Chemical
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chromium compounds
Lead compounds
Cadmium compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
OKLAHOMA
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chromium compounds
Chloroform
Chromium
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
17,602,423
8,942,665
8,321,901
7,951,239
6,075,084
2,934,328
2,247,811
1,750,713
1,158,460
713,260
57,697,884
1,650,740
135,058,190
Pounds
241,455
146,433
115,659
65,152
57,906
26,919
3,508
250
199
0
657,481
0
1,358,104
Pounds
2,646,108
1,581,207
1,427,126
1,326,360
1,272,161
854,330
735,053
223,374
151,700
143,332
10,360,751
317,488
46,752,043
Percent of
State TRI
Total
13.03
6.62
6.16
5.89
4.50
2.17
1.66
1.30
0.86
0.53
42.72
1.22
Percent of
State TRI
Total
17.78
10.78
8.52
4.80
4.26
1.98
0.26
0.02
0.01
0.00
48.41
0.00
Percent of
State TRI
Total
5.66
3.38
3.05
2.84
2.72
1.83
1.57
0.48
0.32
0.31
22.16
0.68
J-7
-------
Appendix J
Table J-1. Continued.
OREGON
Chemical
Toluene
Methyl ethyl kctonc
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethyleae
Chloroform
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Nickel
Dichloromethane
Chromium compounds
Methyl isobutyl kclonc
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
PUERTO RICO
Chemical
Dichloromethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Chloroform
p-Xyleae
Tctrachloroethylens
Benzene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
SOUTH CAROLINA
Chemical
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Dichloromethane
p-Xylcne
Tetrachlorocthylene
Trichlorocthylene
Lead compounds
Benzene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
Pounds
2,638,757
1,042,958
909,893
885,192
791,142
687,464
527,300
496,930
417,363
285,773
8,682,772
485,349
31,499,505
Pounds
4,435,688
1,453,902
1,266,225
611,000
361,024
201,021
179,786
104,334
97,547
95,408
8,805,935
209,304
26,826,844
Pounds
10,574,489
5,625,466
4,956,309
3,265,358
2,030,641
934,050
890,288
872,643
825,538
608,791
30,583,573
1,669,831
Percent of
State TRI
Total
8.38
3.31
2.89
2.81
2.51
2.18
1.67
1.58
1.32
0.91
27.56
1.54
Percent of
State TRI
Total
16.53
5.42
4.72
2.28
1.35
0.75
0.67
0.39
0.36
0.36
32.83
0.78
Percent of
State TRI
Total
12.21
6.49
5.72
3.77
2.34
1.08
1.03
1.01
0.95
0.70
35.31
1.93
PENNSYLVANIA
Chemical
Toluene
Dichloromethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Benzene
Trichloroethylene
Chromium
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chromium compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
RHODE ISLAND
Chemical
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Lead compounds
Nickel compounds
Nickel
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
SOUTH DAKOTA
Chemical
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Trichloroethylene
Benzene
Tetrachloroethylene
Chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
Pounds
23,007,378
13,155,861
9,713,402
7,237,399
6,989,793
3,529,221
3,050,700
2,760,023
2,320,996
2,219,941
73,984,714
8,630,733
194,216,839
Pounds
1,331,001
1,233,888
590,682
577,457
474,666
468,416
373,651
52,129
31,628
25,141
5,158,659
40,142
10,878,502
Pounds
665,280
644,712
220,082
159,626
84,165
30,843
2,467
1,650
750
500
1,810,075
500
Percent of
State TRI
Total
11.85
6.77
5.00
3.73
3.60
1.82
1.57
1.42
1.20
1.14
38.09
4.44
Percent of
State TRI
Total
12.24
11.34
5.43
5.31
4.36
4.31
3.43
0.48
0.29
0.23
47.42
037
Percent of
State TRI
Total
19.85
19.23
6.57
4.76
2.51
0.92
0.07
0.05
0.02
0.01
54.00
0.01
J-8
-------
33/50 Chemicals in TRI, 1989
Table J-1. Continued.
TENNESSEE
Chemical
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Tetrachloroethylene
Lead
Nickel
Methyl isobutyl ketone
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
UTAH
Chemical
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Lead
Dichloromethane
Toluene
Chromium compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Benzene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Hydrogen cyanide
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
VIRGIN ISLANDS
Chemical
Benzene
Toluene
p-Xylene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Nickel compounds
Carbon Tetrachloride
Lead compounds
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Cadmium compounds
Cadmium
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
15,944,166
7,016,863
5,182,995
3,525,556
1,977,404
1,960,900
743,499
716,211
603,842
589,970
38,261,406
2,028,060
263,400,319
Pounds
3,809,348
2390,208
1,505,030
551,067
491,610
345,448
171,607
157,615
120,566
75,002
9,617,501
129,934
148,915,352
Pounds
331,764
319,072
234,000
210,172
2,550
1,700
1,110
1,100
0
0
1,101,468
0
1,274,235
Percent of
State TRI
Total
6.05
2.66
1.97
1.34
0.75
0.74
0.28
0.27
0.23
0.22
14.53
0.77
Percent of
State TRI
Total
2.56
1.61
1.01
0.37
0.33
0.23
0.12
0.11
0.08
0.05
6.46
0.09
Percent of
State TRI
Total
26.04
25.04
18.36
16.49
0.20
0.13
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.00
86.44
0.00
TEXAS
Chemical
Toluene
Chromium compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Benzene
Cyanide compounds
Dichloromethane
Hydrogen cyanide
Trichloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
VERMONT
Chemical
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Trichloroethylene
Dichloromethane
Chromium compounds
Nickel
Chromium
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
VIRGINIA
Chemical
Toluene
Benzene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Chromium compounds
Dichloromethane
Chloroform
Methyl ethyl ketone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Trichloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
17,690,346
12,846,242
11,074,832
7,639,646
6,529,042
5,792,002
3,849,976
3,282,432
2,874,075
2,042,206
73,620,799
10,055,336
792,810,307
Pounds
385,359
317,342
166,067
79,387
78,422
18,606
18,040
9,950
9,189
8,880
1,091,242
11,474
1,970,055
Pounds
2,411,243
1,651,821
1,252,097
1,247,224
1,209,487
1,062,252
676,408
560,592
516,643
306,848
10,894,615
714,042
58,992,213
Percent of
State TRI
Total
2.23
1.62
1.40
0.96
0.82
0.73
0.49
0.41
0.36
0.26
9.29
1.27
Percent of
State TRI
Total
19.56
16.11
8.43
4.03
3.98
0.94
0.92
0.51
0.47
0.45
55.39
0.58
Percent of
State TRI
Total
4.09
2.80
2.12
2.11
2.05
1.80
1.15
0.95
0.88
0.52
18.47
1.21
3-9
-------
Appendix J
Table J-1. Continued, (a)
WASHINGTON
Chemical
Toluene
Chloroform
Methyl ethyl kctone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
Chromium compounds
Methyl isobutyl ketonc
Benzene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
2,751,001
2,715,876
2,512,311
1,633,033
1,605,084
1,244,248
699,894
477,912
291,507
220,195
14,151,061
231,634
48,706,760
Percent of
State TRI
Total
5.65
5.58
5.16
3.35
3.30
2.55
1.44
0.98
0.60
0.45
29.05
0.48
WEST VIRGINIA
Chemical
Toluene
Benzene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Chromium compounds
Dichloromethane
Chloroform
Methyl ethyl ketone
1,1,1-Trichloroe thane
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Trichloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
2,411,243
1,651,821
1,252,097
1,247,224
1,209,487
1,062,252
676,408
560,592
516,643
306,848
10,894,615
714,042
58,992,213
Percent of
State TRI
Total
4.09
2.80
2.12
2.11
2.05
1.80
1.15
0.95
0.88
0.52
18.47
1.21
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
Chemical
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Toluene
Xyleoe (mixed isocaers)
Lead compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chromium compounds
Chloroform
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
6,092,236
5,835,513
5,568,319
4,688,038
4,561,308
1,693,977
1,278,242
1,212,383
985,675
899,693
32,815,384
1,750,932
99,963,906
Percent of
State TRI
Total
6.09
5.84
5.57
4.69
4.56
1.69
1.28
1.21
0.99
0.90
32.83
1.75
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Chromium compounds
Trichloroethylene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Lead compounds
Tetrachloroethylene
SUBTOTAL
OTHER 33/50 CHEMICALS
STATE TRI TOTAL
Pounds
322,521,176
185,442,035
185,026,191
156,992,642
130,355,581
50,881,050
48,976,806
38,849,703
34,498,469
30,058,581
1,183,602,234
138,003,263
5,705,670,380
Percent of
State TRI
Total
5.65
3.25
3.24
2.75
2.28
0.89
0.86
0.68
0.60
0.53
20.22
2.42
(a) American Samoa and the District of Cohunbia reported no releases and transfers of 33/50 chemicals and chemical categories.
J-10
-------
33/50 Chemicals in TRI, 1989
Table J-2. Total Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Chemicals In Each Industry, 1989.
CHEMICAL
Cadmium compounds
Cadmium
Chromium compounds
Chromium
Lead compounds
Lead
Mercury compounds
Mercury
Nickel compounds
Nickel
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1-Trichloro ethane
Trichloroethylene
Benzene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Cyanide compounds
Hydrogen cyanide
TOTAL 33/50 CHEMICALS
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
FOOD
SIC 20
Pounds
0
0
0
44,798
0
30,885
0
0
90,902
61,668
0
81,527
446,690
0
79,716
772
63,883
695,975
1,190
811,622
147,322
0
0
0
0
0
2,556,950
65,246,387
67,803,337
TOBACCO
SIC21
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 ,
0
250
0
0
0
0
176,563
0
0
0
0
0
0
176,813
1,308,813
1,485,626
TEXTILES
SIC22
Pounds
2,250
1,880
35,260
0
9,500
3,974
0
0
4,172
0
0
0
466,037
2,021,929
4,677,849
321,842
0
7,702,570
961,286
4,540,924
2,691,098
0
28,800
0
532
0
23,469,903
22,611,453
46,081,356
APPAREL
SIC23
Pounds
0
0
0
0
1,250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
157,079
120,852
380,233
0
0
237,100
46,500
213,297
131,244
0
0
0
0
0
1,287,555
771,818
2,059,373
LUMBER
SIC24
Pounds
0
0
166,015
22,110
0
0
0
0
0
27
0
0
204,614
138,550
289,852
750
3,250
2,791,419
1,451,803
8,197,656
8,229,284
0
0
0
250
0
21,495,580
16,329,016
37,824,596
FURNITURE
SIC 25
Pounds
0
0
4,290
2,521
101
1,250
0
0
32,180
7,450
0
0
292,560
13,600
3,307,205
199,888
0
6,034,857
2,449,943
18,222,706
12,037,098
44,009
,3
0
0
0
42,649,661
22,719,846
65,369,507
J-ll
-------
Appendix J
Table J-2. Continued.
CHEMICAL
Cadmium compounds
Cadmium
Chromium compounds
Chromium
Lead compounds
Lead
Mercury compounds
Mercury
Nickel compounds
Nickel
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1-TrichIoro ethane
Trichlorocthylene
Benzene
Methyl ethyl kctone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Toluene
Xylcne (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylcne
Cyanide compounds
Hydrogen cyanide
TOTAL 33/50 CHEMICALS
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
PAPER
SIC 26
Pounds
0
0
229402
36,010
28,902
750
0
0
1,000
0
0
20,490,608
720,537
203,461
3,143,771
50,847
0
8,244,205
1,136,030
36,055,332
3,166,715
0
0
0
0
0
73407,670
239,746^71
313,254,241
PRINTING
SIC 27
Pounds
0
0
37,409
2,865
250
5434
0
0
0
317
0
0
351,262
195,934
4422,055
161432
0
3,906,677
328437
42,789389
2,004,817
0
0
0
0
0
54,306478
6,617,083
60,923,661
CHEMICALS PETROLEUM
SIC 28 SIC 29
Pounds
180,219
12,980
22,955,931
285405
1,647,278
133,924
16,899
129,490
2459,385
248,153
4,342,980
3,972,607
38,375,623
2,608,582
7,212,789
1,091,832
10,207,755
14,759,679
10,628,436
70,170,774
32,944,231
442,057
1,430,863
3,771,717
5,504,152
4,084,125
239,717,966
2406,050,105
2,745,768,071
Pounds
1,250
0
476,629
297,028
308,620
42320
0
107
529,452
142,182
27,481
70
4,717
2,445
285,346
49,838
4,685,674
3,652,527
487,237
12,151451
7,758,193
284497
256336
447,186
250
1,050
31,892,086
71,244413
103,136499
PLASTICS
SIC 30
Pounds
39456
11,740
161346
122,092
168313
497315
1,250
0
41,026
52,767
500
20,500
25,802,067
982341
13,896,282
1,447,767
0
18,430,608
2490,020
23,102415
6,557,946
0
0
0
756
750
93,927,457
100,575,162
194,502,619
LEATHER
SIC 31
Pounds
516
0
1,106,402
510423
598
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
228,472
167,491
315,074
0
0
2,882,455
971,886
3,620,225
1,009,682
56,385
55303
0
0
0
10,925,262
13,936,717
24,861,979
3-12
-------
33150 Chemicals in TRI, 1989
Table J-2. Continued.
CHEMICAL STONE/CLAY PRIMARY METALS FABR. METALS
SIC32 SIC 33 SIC 34
Pounds Pounds Pounds
Cadmium compounds
Cadmium
Chromium compounds
Chromium
Lead compounds
Lead
Mercury compounds
Mercury
Nickel compounds
Nickel
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Benzene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Cyanide compounds
Hydrogen cyanide
TOTAL 33/50 CHEMICALS
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
14,882
5,750
1,769,850
62,796 .
3,898,600
882,148
4
0
9,644
502
519
508
1,725,786
170,092
813,339
234,305
1,224
1,070,979
421,430
3,088,455
1,497,681
0
5,512
0
0
0
15,674,006
31,811,904
47,485,910
282,848
183,399
13,843,829
6,207,296
21,858,099
14,830,145
500
753
3,446,432
3,415,724
0
0
1,755,597
2,906,545
22,082,940
3,846,143
10,229,271
6,607,286
980,166
5,353,260
4,859,702
280,188
1,159
660
1,196,797
4,300
124,173,039
632,635,538
756,808,577
27,952
130,649
1,806,209
2,218,658
189,707
534,212
0
0
913,036
1,579,970
0
0
3,877,690
3,605,064
24,039,798
12,239,131
258
11,664,019
2,805,193
11,634,320
18,576,778
32,485
10,800
0
749,981
0
96,635,910
110,748,089
207,383,999
MACHINERY
SIC 35
Pounds
2
1,000
773,670
2,136,408
53,296
, 76,028
0
0
97,912
1,216,450
0
0
1,903,532
1,220,759
16,720,224
7,189,550
500
2,360,465
430,867
5,145,074
8,655,031
0
0
0
20,047
0
48,000,815
26,921,655
74,922,470
ELECTRICAL
SIC 36
Pounds
158451
8,795
246,579
357,197
2,974,789
981,810
37,608
20,477
650,213
332,404
1,000
1,000
9,170,339
3,479,727
20,946,321
5,516,372
0
3,447,079
522,954
5,943,189
15,161,270
0
0
0
17,840
53,250
70,028,764
75,729,410
145,758,174
TRANSPORT.
SIC 37
Pounds
27,006
2,339
1373,420
494,951
225,739
615,921
0
500
200,820
1,234,037
0
17,200
6,620,749
6,977,086
33,595,538
6,734,139
127,012
14,755,978
8,309,417
18,696,192
42,652,452
27,013
17,500
10,652
118,075
0
142,833,736
102,482,409
245,316,145
J-13
-------
Appendix J
Table J-2. Continued.
CHEMICAL MEASURE./PHOTO MISCELLANEOUS MULTIPLE CODE
SIC 38 SIC 39 20-39
Pounds Pounds Pounds
Cadmium compounds
Cadmium
Chromium compounds
Chromium
Lead compounds
Lead
Mercury compounds
Mercury
Nickel compound»
Nickel
Carbon tctrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromcthane
Tetrachlorocthylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
TJrichloroethylene
Benzene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Toluene
Xylcne (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylcne
p-Xylcne
Cyanide compounds
Hydrogen cyanide
TOTAL 33/50 CHEMICALS
TOTAL FOR ALL OTHERS
TRI GRAND TOTAL
3,396
0
31,861
89,700
146,481
80,784
0
78
10,425
28,107
0
0
21,122,582
594,779
4,680,641
1,092,691
0
2,154,911
316,268
3,484,051
1,055,202
14,270
18,681
8,900
78
0
34,933,886
34,601,511
69,535,397
1,000
250
160,307
3,918
9,836
3,977
0
0
1,196,941
58,993
0
0
2,246,821
428,259
3,904,689
1,721,975
1,250
4,951,099
633,487
7,972,183
2,667,587
0
0
0
9,257
0
25,971,829
12,914,618
38,886,447
19,352
28,136
5,683,453
501,283
2,972,145
814,781
17
7,500
3,063,199
1,111,607
234,579
2,740,738
14,633,954
4,100,279
19,350^88
6,891,119
3,022,369
39,807,285
3,086,081
39,718,420
12,303,133
266,814
409,111
568,231
169,616
41,000
161,544,790
275,733,485
437,278,275
NONE TOTAL RELEASES
20-39 AND TRANSFERS
Pounds Pounds
1,085
1,000
19,088
7,673
4,965
336,890
750
500
2,464
2,500
750
750
248,873
120,806
781,691
186,313
248,961
835,469
290,972
1,433,478
1,335,569
17,960
8,593
3,877
4,264
0
5,895,241
13,328,780
19,224,021
759,865
387,918
50,881,050
; 13,403,332
34,498,469
19,872,648
57,028
159,405
12,849,203
9,493,108
4,607,809
27,325,508
130,355,581
30,058^81
185,026,191
48,976,806
28,591,407
156,992,642
38,849,703
322,521,176
185,442,035
1,465,778
2,242,661
4,811,223
7,791,895
4,184,475
1321,605,497
4,384,064,883
5,705,670,380
J-14
-------
APPENDIX K
TRI Chemicals in Other Federal Programs
K-l
-------
Appendix K
CHEMICAL TSCA PESTICIDE PESTICIDE ATSDR
SEC. 4 CHEMICAL INFIFRA TOXICO-
TESTING
PROGRAM
Acctaldehyde X
Acctamidc
Acetone X
Acctonitrile X
2-Acctylaminofluorene
Acrolcin
Acrylamide X
Acrylic acid X
Acrylonitrile X
Aldrin
AHyl chloride
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Aluminum oxide (fibrous forms)
2-Aminoathraquinone
4-Am!noazobenzene
4-Aminobiphcnyl
l-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone
Ammonia
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ammonium sulfatc (solution)
Aniline X
o-Anisidine
p-Anisidine
o-Anisidinc hydrochloride
Anthracene
Antimony
Arsenic
Asbestos (friable)
Barium
Benzal chloride X
Bcnzamidc
Benzene
Bcnzidine
Bcnzoic trichloride
Bcnzoyl chloride
Bcnzoyl peroxide
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
Biphenyl X
Bis(2-chloroclhyl) ether
Bis(ch!oromcthyl) ether
Bis(2-chloro-l-melhylethyl)ether X
Bis(2-cthylhcxyl) adipate
Bromoform X
Bromomcthane
1,3-Butadicnc
Butyl acrylate
n-Butyl alcohol X
sec-Butyl alcohol
tcrt-Butyl alcohol
Butyl benzyl phthalatc X
1,2-Butylene oxide X
Butyraldchyde
REREGIS- LOGICAL
TRATION PROFILE
PROGRAM
XXX
XXX
X X
XXX
X X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
XXX
X X
X
NATIONAL
TOXICOLOGY
PROGRAM
TESTING
PROGRAM
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
K-2
-------
TRI Chemicals In Other Federal Programs
CHEMICAL
TSCA PESTICIDE PESTICIDE ATSDR NATIONAL
SEC. 4 CHEMICAL INFIFRA TOXICO- TOXICOLOGY
TESTING REREGIS- LOGICAL PROGRAM
PROGRAM TRATION PROFILE TESTING
PROGRAM PROGRAM
C.I. Acid Blue 9, diammonium salt (DELISTED)
C.I. Acid Blue 9, disodium salt (DELISTED)
C.I. Acid Green 3
C.I. Basic Green 4
C.I. Basic Red 1
CI. Direct Black 38 X
C.I. Direct Blue 6 X
C.I. Direct Brown 95 X
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3
C.I.FoodRed5
C.I.FoodRedl5
C.I. Solvent Orange 7
C.I. Solvent Yellow 3
C.I. Solvent Yellow 14
C.I. Solvent Yellow 34
C.I. Vat Yellow 4
Cadmium
Calcium cyanamide
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbon disulfide X
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbonyl sulfide
Catechol
Chloramben
Chlordane
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chloroacetic acid
2-Chloroacetophenone
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene X
Chlorobenzilate
Chloroethane X
Chloroform
Chloromethane X
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Chloroprene
Chlorothalonil
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
p-Cresidine
Cresol (mixed isomers)
m-Cresol X
o-Cresol X
p-Cresol X
Cumene X
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cupferron
Molybdenum trioxide
Cyclohexane X
2,4-D (acetic acid) X
Decabromodiphenyl oxide X
Diallate
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
K-3
-------
Appendix K
CHEMICAL
2,4-Diaminoanisole
2,4-DiaminoanisoIc sulfate
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
Diaminotoluene (mixed isomers)
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Diazomethane
Dibcnzofuran
l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoclbanc
Dibutylphthalate
Dichloro benzene (mixed isomers)
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dichloro benzene
1,4-Dichloro benzene
3,3'-DicWorobcnzidine
Dichlorobromomethane
1,2-Dichloroc thane
1,2-Dichloroethylene
Dichloromethane
2,4-Dichloro phenol
1,2-Dichloropropanc
2,3-Dichloro-l-propene
1,3-DichloropropyIene
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dicpoxybutanc
Dicthanolamine
Di-(2-cthylhcxyl) phthalate
Dicthyl phthalate
Dicthyl sulfate
3,3'-Dimethoxybcrizidine
4-DimcthyIaminoa7.obenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
Dimclhylcarbamyl chloride
1,1-Dimcthyl hydrazine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl sulfate
4,6-Dinitro-o-crcsol
2,4-Dinitrophcnol
2,4-Dinitrotolucnc
2,6-Dinitrotolucne
DinilrcHolucnc (mixed isomers)
n-Dioctyl phthalate
1,4-Dioxane
1,2-Diphcnylhydrazine
Epichlorohydrin
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl aery late
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl cWoroformate
Ethylcne
Ethylenc glycol
Elhylcncimine
Ethylcne oxide
Elhylcne thiourea
TSCA PESTtCIDE PESTICIDE ATSDR NATIONAL
SEC. 4 CHEMICAL INFIFRA TOXICO- TOXICOLOGY
TESTING REREGIS- LOGICAL PROGRAM
PROGRAM TRATION PROFILE TESTING
PROGRAM PROGRAM
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
K-4
-------
TRI Chemicals In Other Federal Programs
CHEMICAL TSCA
SEC. 4
TESTING
PROGRAM
Fluometuron
Formaldehyde
Freon 113
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloro- 1 ,3-butadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloronaphthalene
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydroquinone
Isobutyraldehyde
Isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing)
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol
Lead
Lindane
Maleic anhydride
Maneb
Manganese
Melamine (DELISTED)
Mercury
Methanol
Methoxychlor
2-Methoxyethanol
Methyl acrylate
Methyl tert-butyl ether
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloro aniline)
4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethyl)
Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate)
Methylene bromide
4,4'-Methyenedianiline
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isoburyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl methacrylate
Michler's ketone
Mustard gas
Naphthalene
alpha-Naphthylamine
beta-Naphthylamine
Nickel
Nitric acid
Nitrilotriacetic acid
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrobiphenyl
Nitrofen
Nitrogen mustard
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
PESTICIDE
CHEMICAL
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
PESTICIDE ATSDR
INFIFRA TOXICO-
REREGIS- LOGICAL
TRATION PROFILE
PROGRAM
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
NATIONAL
TOXICOLOGY
PROGRAM
TESTING
PROGRAM
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
K-5
-------
Appendix K
CHEMICAL TSCA PESTICIDE PESTICIDE ATSDR NATIONAL
SEC. 4 CHEMICAL INFIFRA TOXICO- TOXICOLOGY
TESTING REREGK- LOGICAL PROGRAM
PROGRAM TRATION PROFILE TESTING
PROGRAM PROGRAM
Nitroglyccrin
2-Nitro phenol
4-Nitro phenol
2-Nitropropane
p-Nitrosodiphcnylamine
N,N-DimethyIanilinc
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylnmine
N-Nitrosodimethylaminc
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
N-Nitrosomelhylvinylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurca
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
N-Nitrosonomicotine
N-Nitrosopipcridine
Octochloronaphthalcnc
Osmium tctroxidc
Parathion
Pcntachlorophenol
Pencctic acid
Phenol
p-Phcnylcnediamine
2-PhcnylphenoI
Phosgene
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus (yellow or white)
Phthalic anhydride
Picric acid
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Propane sultone
bcta-PropioIactone
Propionaldchyde
Propoxur
Propylene
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
Pyridine
Qu incline
Quinonc
Quintozcne
Saccharin (manufacturing)
Safrolc
Selenium
Silver
Sodium hydroxide (solution)(DELISTED)
Sodium sulfate (so!ution)(DELISTED)
Slyrcnc
Styrcne oxide
Sulfuric acid
Terephthalic acid (DELISTED)
1, 1 ,2,2-Tctrachloroethane
Tctrachlorocthylene
Tctrachlorvinphos
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
XXX
X X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X X
XXX
X X
K-6
-------
TRI Chemicals In Other Federal Programs
CHEMICAL
Thallium
Thioacetamide
4,4'-Thiodianiline
Thiourea
Thorium dioxide
Titanium tetrachloride
Toluene
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
Toluene diisocyanate (mixed isomers)
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
o-Toluidine
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
Toxaphene
Triaziquone
Trichlorfon
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
TricMoroethylene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-TrichIorophenol
Trifluralin
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Urethane
Vanadium (fume or dust)
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidene chloride
Xylene (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
2,6-Xylidine
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zineb
Antimony compounds
Arsenic compounds
Barium compounds
Beryllium compounds
Cadmium compounds
Chlorophenols
Chromium compounds
Cobalt compounds
Copper compounds
Cyanide compounds
Glycol ethers
Lead compounds
Manganese compounds
Mercury compounds
Nickel compounds
Poly brominated biphenyls
Selenium compounds
Silver compounds
Thallium compounds
Zinc compounds
TSCA PESTICIDE PESTICIDE ATSDR
SEC. 4 CHEMICAL INFIFRA TOXICO-
TESTING REREGIS- LOGICAL
PROGRAM TRATION PROFILE
PROGRAM
X
X
XX X
X
XXX
X X
XX X
X X X X
X X
X X
X X X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X X
XX X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X X
X
NATIONAL
TOXICOLOGY
PROGRAM
TESTING
PROGRAM
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
K-7
-------
-------
GLOSSARY
Absolute change: The change (in pounds) of TRI chemicals generated in wastes between two years withoutregard
to changes in facility production levels.
Absorption: The taking up of a substance by its penetration into living or non-living material.
Acute toxicity: Toxic effects resulting from short term exposure at generally high concentrations.
Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC): Estimates of concentrations of chemicals in surface waters (fresh or
salt) that are not expected to harm the most sensitive aquatic organisms.
Aquatic toxicity: The degree of danger to a body of water and the organisms that inhabit it.
Bioaccumulation: The accumulation of a substance by an organism, in concentrations greater than are present in
the external environment.
Carcinogen: Any substance that can cause or contribute to the production of cancer. See Chapter 3, Box 3-G for
further discussion of carcinogens as they are defined for the purposes of this report.
Carcinogenesis: The process by which normal cells convert to cancerous cells.
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number: A unique identifying number assigned to chemicals by the Chemical
Abstracts Service.
Chemical category: A group of closely-related individual chemicals which are counted together for purposes of
TRI reporting threshold and release calculations and which are reported to TRI under a single name. The TRI
chemical list in effect at the time of 1989 reporting included 20 chemical categories, 15 of which were metal
compound categories (such as lead compounds) and five of which were organic compound categories (such as
glycol ethers).
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): Chemical compounds containing carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. They are
commonly used as refrigerants, propellants, and foam-blowing agents.
Chronic toxicity: Toxic effects resulting generally from long term exposure at low doses.
Degradation: The process by which a chemical is reduced to a less complex form.
Delisting: The deletion of a TRI chemical from the TRI chemical list after EPA has concluded that there is not
sufficient evidence to establish any of the criteria for listing. Since the date of the original TRI chemical list,
published in February, 1988, a total of 11 TRI chemicals have been delisted. See Chapter 2, Box 2-A, for further
discussion of these chemical delistings.
Dun and Bradstreet number: A 9-digit number assigned by Dun and Bradstreet to a facility or establishment in
order to code the facility or establishment for financial purposes.
-------
Glossary
Emissions factors: Published estimates based on the average measured emissions at several facilities in the same
industry for the same general type of industrial process. Emission factors usually express releases as a ratio of
amount released to process/equipment throughput.
Establishments: Defined for the purposes of TEH reporting as distinct and separate economic activities that are
performed at a single physical location.
Facility: Defined for the purposes of TRI reporting as all buildings, equipment, structures, and other stationary
items which are located on a single site or on contiguous or adjacent sites and which are owned or operated by the
same person.
Form R: The Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting Form R, also referred to throughout this report as
"form." Facilities required to report to EPA must complete a separate Form R for each chemical or chemical
category reported.
Fugitive air emissions: Air emissions which are not released through stacks, vents, ducts, pipes, or any other
confined air stream. Examples are equipment leaks or evaporation from surface impoundments.
Hazard Communication Standard: Regulation under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) requiring, among other things, the preparation and distribution of Material Safety Data Sheets.
Incineration: The destruction of solid, liquid, or gaseous wastes by burning.
Inhalation exposure: Exposure to a chemical via the respiratory tract.
Interstate commerce: In the context of TRI, the shipping of off-site transfers of wastes containing TRI chemicals
across state borders for treatment, storage, and/or disposal.
Isomers: Two or more substances that have the same chemical composition, but a different structural arrangement.
Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC): A committee, formed in response to the requirements of the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, responsible for preparing and implementing
emergency response plans for its jurisdiction and for collecting chemical data and making it publicly available.
LEPCs are appointed by the State Emergency Response Commission.
Mass balance calculations: Emission calculations relating to an entire industrial process or piece of process
equipment. If there were no wastestream, the amount of a chemical leaving a process or piece of equipment (output)
would equal the amount entering (input). If the amount of chemical in the input and output streams for the process
are known, the amount of chemical in a wastestream can be found by calculating the difference in the input and
output amounts (taking into account any accumulation/depletion of the chemical in the equipment, e.g., by
reaction).
Matched data: The subset of TRI data reported by the same facilities for the same chemicals for two or more
reporting years (also referred to as "matched forms"). The matched 1987 and 1988 data were used in the second
(1988) National Report in order to evaluate cross-year changes.
-------
Glossary
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): A fact sheet containing technical information about hazardous chemicals,
including physical and chemical characteristics, health hazards, and safety precautions.
Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT): Engineering-based emissions standards, whose establish-
ment is mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, which must be set for 189 hazardous air pollutants
over a ten-year period.
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs): Enforceable standards established under the Safe Drinking Water Act
in conjunction with the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. They are the maximum permissible level of
contaminants in water delivered to any user of a public water system. MCLs are to be set as close to the Maximum
Contaminant Level Goal as is feasible with the use of the best technology, treatment techniques, and other means
generally available, taking costs into consideration.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs): Non-enforceable health goals for drinking water, established
under the Safe Drinking Water Act in conjunction with the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations.
Mineral acid: A term loosely used to refer to inorganic acids such as sulfuric and hydrochloric acids.
Mutagenesis: The induction of a genetic change.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS): Standards (established by EPA under the Clean Air Act of
1970) for the concentrations allowable in the outdoor air for "criteria pollutants" such as ozone, carbon monoxide,
sulfur dioxide, lead, total suspended particulates, and nitrogen oxide.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS): Emissions standards set by EPA for
an air pollutant not covered by NAAQS that may cause an increase in deaths or in serious, irreversible, or
incapacitating illness. Primary standards are designed to protect human health, secondary standards to protect
public welfare.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES): A program administered under the Clean Water
Act which prohibits discharge of pollutants from point sources into waters of the United States except in compliance
with a special permit issued by EPA or an approved state.
National Pretreatment Program: A program, developed as a part of the NPDES program, which regulates non-
domestic wastewater discharges to publicly owned treatment works. See Chapter 4, Box 4-C for further discussion
of the requirements of this program.
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Regulations established under the Safe Drinking Water Act and
its amendments, designed to control contaminants in public drinking water supplies that EPA determines have
adverse effects upon human health.
Neutralization: The reaction of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water. Mineral acids which have been
neutralized prior to release or transfer are to be reported to TRI as zero release or transfer.
-------
Glossary
Off-site transfers: Annual quantities (in pounds) of a TRI chemical in wastes sent off-site for treatment, storage,
or disposal. Transfers are reported in two categories: as transfers to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and
as other off-site transfers (including transfers to incinerators, underground wells, landfills, and other treatment,
storage or disposal sites not on the premises of the reporting facility).
On-site land releases: TRI releases to land on the premises of the reporting facility which fall into one or more of
four categories: landfills, land treatment/application farming, surface impoundments, and other land disposal (such
as spills or leaks to land and other types of disposal which cannot be classified in one of the three other categories).
Parent company: For the purposes of this report, a company that owns/operates one or more TRI facilities.
Parent metal: For the purposes of this report, the metal whose compounds comprise a TRI reporting category. For
example, mercury is the "parent metal" for the category of mercury compounds.
Partial facility reports: Separate reports for each establishment (or for groups of establishments) located at a
facility that has activities related to a TRI chemical being reported. Multiple partial reports may be filed for a TRI
chemical as long as all releases and transfers of the TRI chemical from the entire facility are reported. Thresholds
for the TRI chemical are based on the combined activities of all establishments at the facility (i.e. thresholds are not
calculated separately by establishments or groups of establishments).
Persistence: The amount of time that a chemical remains in the environment. A chemical may persist for less than
a second or indefinitely.
Point source air emissions: Air emissions released from a stack, vent, duct, pipe, or other confined air stream,
including storage tank emissions. Air releases from air pollution control equipment would generally fall in this
category.
Pollution prevention: The combination of source reduction (see below) and toxic chemical use substitution,
excluding any recycling or treatment of pollutants, and the substitution of a nontoxic product made with nontoxic
chemicals for a nontoxic product made with toxic chemicals.
Production index: As applied to TRI reporting of waste minimization, a ratio of reporting-year production to the
prior reporting-year production. The index is calculated to most closely reflect activities involving the chemical
being reported on the Form R. Examples are: amount of paint produced in 1990/amountofpaintproducedin 1989,
and number of appliances coated in 1990/number of appliances coated in 1989. Thus, if production has doubled, the
production index is 2.0; if it has halved, the index is 0.5.
Projected change: The anticipated change in waste generation at a facility between years based solely upon the
facility's change in productivity over those years. The projected change is used in the evaluation of waste
minimization efforts (see relative change, below).
Publicly owned treatment works (POT W): A wastewater treatment works that is owned by a state or municipality
including any devices used in the storage, treatment, recycling, and reclamation of domestic sewage or a
combination of domestic sewage and industrial wastewaters. It also includes sewers, pipes, and other conveyances
that convey wastewater to such a treatment works. The term also refers to the authority that has jurisdiction over
discharges to and from such a treatment works.
-------
Glossary
Reference Dose (RfD): A threshold dose, based on estimates of exposure over a lifetime, below which no adverse
effect is expected to occur.
Relative change: The cross-year change in amounts of TRI chemicals generated in wastes as a function of facility
production levels, analyzed in the cross-year evaluation of waste minimization efforts.
Releases: Annual quantities (in pounds) of the TRI chemical in wastes released on site to air, water, underground
injection, or land.
Reportable Quantity (RQ): The amount that triggers release notification reporting under CERCLA and EPCRA.
Revision: A facility-initiated correction of a previously-submitted Form R report.
Source reduction: Industrial source reduction is defined in the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 as "any practice
which 1) reduces the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any wastestream or
otherwise released into the environment (including fugitive emissions) prior to recycling, treatment, or disposal;
and 2) reduces the hazards to public health and the environment associated with the release of such substances,
pollutants, or contaminants. The term includes equipment or technology modifications, process or procedure
modifications, reformulation or redesign of products, substitution of raw materials, and improvements in house-
keeping, maintenance, training, or inventory control."
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code: A number developed by the U.S. Office of Management and
Budget to identify industrial sectors. The first two digits identify the broad industrial sector (such as SIC code 20,
Food and Kindred Products) and the last two digits represent a facility's specialty within this broad sector (such as
SIC code 2047, dog and cat food).
State Emergency Response Commission (SERC): Commission appointed by each state governor according to the
requirements of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. The SERCs designate emergency
planning districts, appoint local emergency planning committees, and supervise and coordinate their activities. The
SERCs also collect chemical information and make it publicly available.
Surface impoundment: A natural topographic depression^ man-made excavation, or diked area formed primarily
of earthen materials (although it may be lined with man-made materials), which is designed to hold an accumulation
of liquid wastes or wastes containing free liquids, and which is not an injection well. Examples of surface
impoundments are holding, storage, settling, and aeration pits, ponds, and lagoons.
Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ): The amount of each of the 360 Extremely Hazardous Substances (listed
under Section 302 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act) that, if present at the facility,
trigger emergency planning notification requirements as well as participation by a facility representative in the local
emergency planning process.
Total releases and transfers: The aggregate total in pounds of all TRI chemicals in wastes released on site to the
air, water, underground injection, or land, combined with transfers, which are sent to POTWs and other off-site
locations for treatment, storage, and/or disposal. This total may refer to overall nationwide TRI amounts or to a
chemical, geographic area, industry, or facility.
Toxicity: The quality or degree of being poisonous or harmful to plant or animal life.
-------
Glossary
Trade secret: A claim of secrecy for the chemical identity when reporting its release and transfer to TRI. When
making such a claim, the facility submits two reports to EPA, one identifying the chemical and the other providing
a generic identity. The latter report is made available to the public. EPA may review and deny such claims.
Underground injection: A disposal method by which chemical wastes are injected into deep underground wells,
requiring special geological conditions in order to prevent contamination of groundwater. See Chapter 4 for further
discussion.
Underground Injection Well Code (UIC): Identification numbers assigned by EPA or the state under the authority
of the Safe Drinking Water Act to facilities injecting TRI wastes into underground injection wells.
Waste generated: The pounds of a TRI chemical contained in a facility's wastestream prior to any on-site
treatment or disposal.
Waste minimization: For the purpose of TRI reporting, facility activities including the reduction of waste
generation and recycling. This can be accomplished by equipment changes, process modifications, product
reformulation, chemical substitutions, or other techniques.
33/50-Intensive industry: An industry (as defined by two-digit SIC code) for which releases and transfers of 33/
50 chemicals comprise over half of its total TRI releases and transfers.
-------
Glossary
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygieniste
ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
AWQC Ambient Water Quality Criteria
CAA Clean Air Act
CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments
CAS number Chemical Abstracts Service registry number
CERCLA Comprehensive Emergency Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
CFCs The group of chemicals known as chlorofluorocarbons
CMA Chemical Manufacturers Association
CWA Clean Water Act
EPCRA Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986
FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
FITS code Federal Information Processing Standard code
ITC Interagency Testing Committee
LEPC Local Emergency Planning Committee
MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology
MCLs Maximum Contaminant Levels
MCLGs Maximum Contaminant Level Goals
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
NESHAPS National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NRC National Response Center
NTP National Toxicology Program
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PEL Permissible Exposure Limit
POTWs Publicly Owned Treatment Works
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RED Re-registration Eligibility Document
RID Reference Dose
RQ Reportable Quantity
SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act
SIC Code Standard Industrial Classification Code
TLV Threshold Limit Value
TOXNET The National Library of Medicine's Toxicology Data Network
TPQ Threshold Planning Quantity
TRI Toxics Release Inventory
TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act
UIC program Underground Injection Control program
-------
-------
INDEX
Acetone 102, 106
Acetylene 292
ACGIH Threshold Limit Value 335
Aciylamide 82, 150,195,197
Acrylates 296
Acrylonitrile 82, 111, 197,295
Addis, Louisiana 138
Adiponitrile 296
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 8, 325, 328
Agrico Chemical 174, 179
Air Products Manufacturing 202
Allied Signal 78, 142,175, 179,219
Allyl alcohol 24
ALPACO 313
Aluminum 351
Aluminum oxide 24, 25, 37, 352
Alvin, Texas 4, 59, 62, 65, 86, 90
Ambient Water Quality Criteria 79
American Cyanamid 4, 5,62, 65
American Tape 170
4-Aminobiphenyl 6
Ammonia 3, 15, 34, 67, 108, 139, 142, 149, 159, 163, 188, 194, 195,
203, 205
Ammonium compounds 67
Ammonium nitrate (solution) 175, 186, 189,352
Ammonium sulfate (solution) 3, 24, 34, 38, 53,65, 67, 68, 71,
77,91,106,107,142, 144,174, 175, 186, 189, 193,
194, 202, 203,352
Amoco Oil 106, 198
AMPRO Fertilizer Inc. 138
Anitec Image 209
Anne Arundel County 346
Antimony 144, 267
Arcadian Corporation 77, 179
Arsenic 267, 331
Arsenic compounds 188, 216
Asarco 185,189
Asbestos 331, 352
Asbestos (friable) 82,108,144,149,150,186,187,188,216,217
Ashland Chemical 138
Ashland, Kentucky 316
Astatine 274, 285
Atlantic Ocean 346
Atochem N.A.—Racon 73
ATSDR 8, 325, 328, 329
Augusta, Georgia 179
Avtex Fibers 163, 169
AWQC 79
Axis, Alabama 91
B
B.F.I. 357
Baltimore 346
Barium 144
BASF 138, 139,159,169
Baton Rouge 138
Baton Rouge Resin Finishing Plant 138
Beaumont, Texas 90, 144,193
Benzene 15, 78, 82,83, 139, 166, 178,256, 274, 284,285,
331
Benzene sulfonic acid 284
Beryllium 331
BFI 357
Bingham Canyon, Utah 110
Binghamton, New York 209
Bis(chloromethyl) ether 68
Bismuth 267
Boise Cascade 96
Borger, Texas 189
Bowling Green, Kentucky 138
BP America 65
BP Chemicals 83, 144
Brazoria, Texas 4, 59,89
Britain 321
Bromine 274, 285
Bromochlorodifluoromethane (Halon 1211) 25
Bromotrifluoromethane (Halon 1301) 24
Browning Ferris 357
Brunswick Defense 171
Buffalo Bayou 359
1,3-Butadiene 82,111,166,178
Butane 282
n-Butyl alcohol 175, 177, 194, 203
sec-Butyl alcohol 282
Butyl benzyl phthalate 24
Butyl rubber 272
n-Butylene 282
C.I. Acid Blue #9, diammonium salt 24
C.I. Acid Blue #9, disodium salt 24
C.I. Pigment Blue 15 24
C.I. Pigment Green 36 24
C.I. Pigment Green 7 24
CAA 331
CAAA 318, 319
Cadmium 262, 271, 272
Cadmium compounds 7,256,262,271,272
Cadmium chloride 271
Cadmium halides 271
Cadmium laurate 271
Cadmium nitrate 271
Cadmium oxide 271
Cadmium red (sulfoselenide) 271
Cadmium sulfate 271
Cadmium sulfide 271
Cadmium yellow (sulfide) 271
Calhoun County, Alabama LEPC 315
Calvert City 316
Canada 321
-------
Canton, Ohio 219
Caprolactam 278
Carbon disulfide 34,54, 68, 71, 91, 107, 146, 159, 163, 164,
294
Carbon monoxide 138
Carbon tctrachloride 82,256, 285, 287, 294, 295
Carbonyl sulfidc 6
CAS 351
CD-ROM 362, 363
CDC 329
CEPP 14
CEROLA 8, 14, 320, 328, 331, 332, 333, 334
CERCLA Hazardous Substance 332
CERCLA National Priorities List 328
CERCLA Rcportablc Quantity 335
CERCLA RQ 335
CF Industries, 138
CFC-11 331
CFC-12 331
CFC-14 331
CFC-15 331
CPCs 331
Chapparral Steel 189
Charter Processing 219
Chemical Abstracts Service 351
Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program 14
Chemical Manufacturers Association 8, 324
Chesapeake Bay 317,346
Chevron Chemical 154, 189
Cheyenne, Wyoming 154, 198
Chlorine 69, 149, 174, 177, 272, 274, 285, 289, 292, 294
Chlorine dioxide 144, 149
Chlorobcnzcnc 284
Chlorofluorocarbons 331
Chloroform 82, 111, 178.256,285,290,292, 293, 294,298
(mono)ChIoropcntafIuoroethane(CFC-115) 25
Chlorophcnols 55
Chromic acid 265
Chromic salts 265
Chromitc 264
Chromium 82,124, 149, 187,217, 262, 264, 265, 266, 357
Chromium compounds 3, 52, 142, 214, 256,262, 265, 274,
301, 353, 357
Ciba-Gcigy 203, 209, 214,219
Cincinnati, Ohio 201, 203, 209
Citgo Petroleum 107
Clark County 360
Clatsop County, Oregon 360
Claypool, Arizona 189
Clean Air Act of 1970 255,319,331
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 8, 318,331
Clean Water Act 8, 320, 331, 332, 344
Cleveland, Ohio 90,323
Clinton, Indiana 96
CMA 8, 324
Coastal Chemical 154, 198
Code of Federal Regulations 326
Colt Industries 138
Columbia River 360
Columbian Chemical:! 64
Columbus 345
COMFiche 362, 363
Common Synonyms for Section 313 Chemicals 366
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act 8, 328, 331
Consumer Product Safety Commission 326
Cookson Graphics 211
Cooper Industries 67
Copper 15, 267, 356, 357
Copper compounds 353,356, 357
Copper pigments 23
Copper sulfate 356
Cordova, Illinois 175
Cottage Grove, Minnesota 219
Courier-Journal 323,324
Courtaulds Fibers 91
Covington, Tennessee 350
Cowlitz County, Washington 360
Creosote 24
Cumene 284
CWA 331
Cyanide 296
Cyanide compounds 202, 295, 296, 297, 353
Cyanide salts 296
Cyanides 256, 295, 296
Cyanuric acid 296
Cyclohexane 163, 284
Cyprus Miami Mining 189
D
Dallas County, Texas LEPC 316
Dearborn, Michigan 107
Deer Park, Texas 101
Delisted chemicals 23,25,27,35,136,371
Department of Natural Resources 311
DEQ 310
Detergents 278
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 82
Dibromotetrafluoroethane (Halon 2402) 25
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 82
3,3'-DichIorobenzidine 150
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) 25
1,2-Dichloroethane 82
Dichloromethane 7, 34, 39,83, 84,85, 93, 112, 147, 149,
150,159, 166, 178, 205,207, 215,216, 217, 256,
257, 289, 290, 295,351
2,3-DichIoropropene 24
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114) 25
m-Dinitrobenzene 24
o-Dinitrobenzene 24
p-Dinitrobenzene 24
Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers) 24
1,4-Dioxane 82, 318
Diphenyl 284
Diversitech General 345
Dodecylbenzene 284
Donaldsonville, Louisiana 138, 179
Double Eagle Steel Coating 107
Dow Chemical 139, 321
Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Level 335
DSM Chemicals Augusta 179
DuPont 64, 65, 91, 144, 344
Du Pont Beaumont Works 193
DuPontTowanda 83, 85, 101, 102
Dun and Bradstreet 343
-------
E.I. du Pont de Nemours 344
Early Reductions Program 319
East Chicago, Indiana 96,122, 189
Eastman Kodak 83, 85, 169, 312
Ecorse, Michigan 219
EHS 334
El Paso 189
Eli Lilly 93, 96
Elizabeth, New Jersey 142, 219
Elkem Metals 171,186
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act 8, 14,
24,79, 80, 295,315,331
Emergency Release Notification 334
Emergency Response Notification System 332
Endicott 169
EPA Document Control Office 326
EPA Hotline 342, 366
EPCRA 8, 14, 21, 80, 295, 296, 312, 314, 315, 316, 331, 332, 333, 334,
335
EPCRA Hotline 18
EPCRA Section 313 81
EPCRA Section 313 Quality Assurance Audit Manual 366
Epichlorohydrin 82, 318
ERNS 332
Ethylbenzene 284
Ethylene glycol 82,106, 195
Ethylene oxide 166
European Community 321
Evadale, Texas 170
Explosives 278
Extremely Hazardous Substances 79, 334
Exxon Chemical 138, 139 140
Fairfax County, Virginia LEPC 316
Farmland Industries 138
FDA 329
FDCA 329
Federal Information Processing Standard 346
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 8, 325, 327
Federal Register 328
Fermenta Asc. 83
Ferrocyanides 296
FffRA 8, 325, 327, 329
FIPS 346
Flextronics Corporation 350
Florida Department of Environmental Regulation 311
Fluorine 274, 285
Fluorocarbon-22 293
FOE 321
Follansbee 188
Food and Drug Administration 326, 329
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 329
FormR 5, 9,14, 15, 16, 25, 138, 341,342,343,347,350,353
355, 356, 357,361,365,366
Formaldehyde 82, 83, 108, 178, 197, 203,208, 255, 255, 255,
256, 257, 260
Freeport McMoran 77,174, 179
Freeport, Texas 138, 139, 159
FreonllS 78,215,331
Friends of the Earth 321
Front Royal, Virginia 163, 169
Fruit of the Loom 201
Gary, Indiana 189
Garyville 138
GE Plastics 83
Geismar, Louisiana 77, 138, 140
Gencorp Polymer Products 345
General Electric 67
General Electric Plastics 93
General Motors 65, 344
Genesis Polymers 214
GENETOX 335
Glycol ethers 55, 68, 215
GMC, Delco Division 344
GPO 18
Grant Chemical 139
Great Falls, South Carolina 350
Great Lakes 316, 317
Great Lakes National Program Office 316
Green's Bayou 359
Ground Water Protection Program 320
Gulf of Mexico Program 317
H
Halon 1211 331
Halon 1301 331
Halon 2402 331
Hampton 346
Harshaw Chemical Company 122
Hartland, Maine 209
Hayden, Arizona 185, 189
Hazard Communication Standard 82
Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets 362
Henkel 209
Herculaneum, Missouri 185, 189
Herculaneum Smelter 185, 189
Hexachlorobenzene 82,284
Hickory Springs Manufacturing 110
Holyoke, Massachusetts 211
Hopewell, Virginia 78, 175, 179
Houston Regional Monitoring Corporation 324
Houston Ship Channel 359
Houston, Texas 83, 324, 359
Hutchinson, Minnesota 122, 169, 170, 219
Hydrazine sulfate 150, 215
Hydrochloric acid 2, 3, 23, 34, 38, 53, 67, 71, 73, 87, 107,
122, 142,143, 144, 146, 165,193, 194, 195, 202,
214, 215
Hydrogen chloride 293
Hydrogen cyanide 195, 215, 295, 296, 297, 353
Hydrogen fluoride 165
-------
I
IARC 82, 83, 335
IBM 169, 323, 334
Idaho's Air Toxics Program 313
Illinois EPA's Division of Air Pollution Control 313
Illinois Toxic Pollution Prevention Act of 1989 308
IMC Fertilizer 139
Inland Steel 96, 122, 189
Interagcncy Testing Committee 326
Internal Revenue Service 320
International Agency forResearch on Cancer 82, 83, 335
International Conference on Reporting Releases of Toxic Chemicals
321
International Paper 170
Iodine 274, 285
Iron oxide 271
Irving Tanning 209
Isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing—strong acid process) 83,318,351
Isosafrolc 24
ITC 326
Jackson, Mississippi 122
James River 346
Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
4, 59,61,89
K
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical 148
Kalamazoo, Michigan 83, 90, 110
Kansas Department of Transportation 315
Kcnnecolt Utah Copper 110
Kingsport, Tennessee 122, 106
Labor Department 312
Lactic acid 296
Lake Charles, Louisiana 107, 139
LCA 311
LCP Chemicals 188
Lead 83, 187, 262,267, 268,269
Lead compounds 55,108,188,214,256,262,267,268,301,353
Lead ores 267
Lcdcrle Laboratories 209
LEPC 315, 316, 334
Lewis and Clark 89
Lima, Ohio 90
Local Emergency Planning Committee 315,334
Louisiana Chemical Association 137, 138,311
Louisiana Chemical Industry Emissions Report, 1988 137
Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality 310
Louisiana DEQ 310, 311
Louisiana Industrial Tax Exemption Program 311
Louisiana State University 311
Louisville, Kentucky 90, 323,324
Lowland, Tennessee 169
Luke, Maryland 86
M
MACT 319, 331
Magnesium Corporation of America 65, 69, 122, 169
Magnetic tape 362
Maleic anhydride 139, 284
Mallinckrodt Specialty 64,203, 209
Manganese 147, 165, 186, 188
Manganese compounds 38, 122,186,188, 194, 195, 203,205,
214
Manufacturing Qualifiers 351
Marietta, Ohio 171, 186
Marysville, Michigan 170, 214
Material Safety Data Sheet 82
Maximum Achievable Control Technology 319
Maximum Contaminant Levels 333
MCL 333, 335
MCLG 333
Melamine crystal 24
Mercuric sulfide 272
Mercury 262, 272, 273, 331
Mercury compounds 7, 55,256,262,272, 273
Mesityl oxide 283
Methane 289, 293, 294
Methanol 3,27, 34,38,67,69, 87, 91, 102,106,127, 139,144,
146,159,163,175, 215,293
Methyl amyl alcohol 283
Methyl chloride 289, 293
Methyl chloroform 287, 331
Methyl ethyl ketone 7, 15, 122, 256, 257, 274, 282, 283, 285
Methyl isobutyl ketone 256, 274, 283
Methyl methacrylate 296
Methylene chloride 285, 289, 351
Methylene dichloride 289
Methylmercury 273
n-Methylpyrrolidone 326
Mexico 321
Midlothian, Texas 189
Mingo Junction, Ohio 214
Minnesota Department of Health 315
Minnesota Toxic Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 308,313
Mississippi River 311, 346, 358
Missouri Department of Natural Resources 315
Monsanto 4, 62, 64, 65, 86, 209, 324
Moundsville 188
Mount Vernon, Indiana 83,93
MSDS 82
Mulberry, Florida 169
Multnomah County 360
N
Nalco 138
NATICH 313
National Ambient Air Quality Standards 331
National Center for Toxicological Research 329
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants 331
National Estuary Program 320
-------
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 329
National Library of Medicine 9, 17, 355, 363
National Library of Medicine's Toxicology Data Network 363
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 9, 311, 320, 332
National Pretreatment Program 200
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 333
National Response Center 332, 334
National Steel 219
National Technical Information Service 18,335
National Toxicology Program 8, 82, 83, 325, 329
NCTR 329
NESHAPS 331
New Jersey Public Interest Research Group 323
New York Department of Environmental Conservation 312
Newport News 346
Nickel 83, 188,262,269, 270, 271
Nickel compounds 256,262,269,270,301,350
Nickel carbonyl 270
NIEHS 329
NIH 329
NIOSH 329
Nitric acid 165, 195, 202
Nitrilotriacetic acid 150, 208
Nitrobenzene 144, 284
NLM 17, 363, 365
Norfolk 346
NPDES 9, 311, 312, 320, 332, 343, 344
NTIS 18, 335
NTP 8, 82, 83, 325, 329, 330, 335
Phosphorous 351
Phthalchem 201, 203, 209
Phthalic anhydride 139
Plain Dealer 323
Plaquemine, Louisiana 138, 139
Playas, New Mexico 64
Polk County, Florida 156
Pollock 138
Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 6, 8, 13, 20, 21, 317
Polybrominated biphenyls 55
Polychlorinated biphenyls 83 .
Polypropylene 270
Polyurethane 278
Port Lavaca, Texas 83
Portland, Oregon 360
Portsmouth 346
Potassium cyanide 295, 296
PPG Industries 177, 179
Propylene 144, 214, 215
Propylene glycol 139
Propylene oxide 83,166, 178, 194
Public Response and Program Resources Branch 328
Queensbury, New York 203, 209, 214, 219
Occidental Chemical 101, 102, 138
Occupational Safety and Health Act 14
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 82, 326, 334
OECD 321
Office of Drinking Water 326
Office of Solid Waste 326
Ohio EPA Division of Air Pollution Control 313
Ohio EPA Division of Water Pollution Control 311
Ohio Right-To-Know Act of 1988 313
Oklahoma Department of Health 312
Old Bridge Chemicals 203
Old Bridge, New Jersey 203
OSHA 82, 83, 334
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit 335
Ozone-Depleters Excise Tax 320
Pacific Ocean 360
Panama City, Florida 127
Pasadena, Texas 202
Pearl River, New York 209
PEL 335
Perth Amboy, New York 219
Phelps Dodge Mining 64
Phenol 186, 284
Phenylmercuric acetate 272
Phillips 66 189
Phosphate 138
Phosphoric acid 23, 38, 34, 77, 138, 143, 144, 174, 175, 189
R
R.R. Donnelley & Sons 108
Raritan River Steel 219
Rayovac Corporation 350
RCRA 8, 9, 192, 312, 319, 320, 331, 332, 335,343, 344, 357
Re-registration Eligibility Document 327
RED 327, 328
Red River 359
Reference Doses 79
Region 1 316
Region 2 316
Regions 317
Region 4 316
Regions 316
Region 6 316
Renco Group 65
Reportable Quantities 79
Republic Engineered Steels 219
Research Triangle Park 330
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 8, 79, 204, 312, 331
Responsible Care Program 8
RfD 79
Risk Screening Guide 314
Roadmaps 334,335
Rochester 169
Rochester, New York 255, 83, 312
Rock Springs, Wyoming 154, 189
RoysterCo. 169 '
RQ 79, 332, 334, 335
Rubicon 138
-------
Saccharin 351
Safe Drinking Water Act 8, 79, 320,333, 344
Safrolc 68
Saint Helens 96
San Jacinto River 359
San Jose, California 323
SARA 14, 328, 334
Saukvillc, Wisconsin 219
Savannah, Georgia 69
Section 313 14, 82
Scdgcwick 89
Sclma, Alabama 170
SERC 334
Shadeland, Indiana 96
Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition 323
Sims Bayou 359
Smokey Mountains 359
Sodium 296
Sodium cyanide 296
Sodium hydroxide (solution) 24
Sodium sulfatc (solution) 24
Solid Waste and WaterResources Division 311
Source Categories 318
Source reduction 6
Soviet Union 321
Springfield, Virginia 335
St Charles 154
St James Parish 154,343
St Louis, Missouri 64,203,209,324,346
St. Martinville, Louisiana 201
STAPPA 313
State Emergency Response Commission 312,334
Sterling Chemicals 144, 193, 194
Stcrlington, Louisiana 139
Stone Container 127
Styrene 39, 83,112, 166, 217, 284
Suffolk 346
Sulfatc 356
Sulfuricacid 3,6,23, 34, 67, 77,121, 163,165, 174, 186,
189, 194, 202, 214, 282
Sulfuric acid (non-aerosol forms) 24
Superfund 79, 328, 329
Supcrfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act 328
Temple-Inland Incorporated 170
Tennessee Eastman 106
Tennessee River 359
Terephthalicacid 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 35, 36,37
Tetrachloroethane 290
Tclrachlorocthylene 54, 83, 112, 149, 166, 256, 285, 286, 292
Tclraethyl lead 267
Texas A&M University 322
Texas Air Control Board 312,314
Texas City, Texas 106,144,193,194,198
Texas Toxic Chemical Release Reporting Act 314
Texas Water Commission 312,314,315, 317
33/50 Program 6,7,8,13,21,215,255
3M 77, 122, 175
3M Chemolite Center 219
3M Consumer AV& Consumer Products 169, 170,219
Threshold Planning Quantities 79,334,335
Titanium dioxide 24
TLV 335
Toluene 3, 7,67,91, 102, 106,108,122,138,146,159,163,164,
256,257, 274,276, 278, 279, 280,283,284,285, 299,
300,352
Toluene diisocyanate (mixed isomers) 24
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate 150
Tooele,Utah 69, 90, 122, 169
Towanda, Pennsylvania 83, 101
Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Questions and Answers 366
Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting Form R 14, 366
Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide 79
TOXIC DUMP 364
Toxic Substances Control Act 8, 325
Toxicology Data Network 9, 17
Toxics Release Inventory Risk Screening Guide 366
TOXNET 9, 17, 18, 363
TPQ 79, 334, 335
TRI User Support service 366
TRI User Support telephone number 18
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 3, 6, 7,53, 67, 107,108,215,256,257,
285, 286,287, 288, 289,290,291,292,293,331
Trichloroethylene 3, 53,142, 215, 256, 285, 286,290, 291,
292, 293
Trichlorofluoromethane(CFC-ll) 24
Trichloromethane 292
TSCA 8, 320, 325, 326, 329
u
U.S. Coast Guard 332
U.S. Department of Commerce 346
U.S. Department of Defense 19
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 329
U.S. Government Printing Office 18
U.S. Off ice of Management and Budget 104
UIC 344
Uncle Sam, Louisiana 78, 179
Underground Injection Control Program 320
Underground Injection Well Code 344
Union Camp 69
Uniroyal Chemical 140
United Kingdom 321
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 322, 324
Upjohn 83, 90, 110
Uranium 283
Urethane 150
USS Gary Works 189
Vanadium 351
Verona, Mississippi 110
Vienna, Austria 321
Vinyl acetate 194, 202
Vinyl chloride 83,138,271,272,331
Virginia Beach 346
Vista Chemical 139
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Vulcan Chemicals 5, 65, 73,96, 140
w
Warsaw, Indiana 108
Waupaca Foundry 219
Waupaca, Wisconsin 219
Westlake, Louisiana 177,179
Weston cell 271
Westvaco 86, 87
Westwego, Louisiana 4, 5, 61, 62, 90
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel 188, 214
Wichita, Kansas 5, 73, 90, 96
Willamette River 360
Willard,Ohio 171
Working Group on Community Right-To-Know 322
m-Xylene 55, 139,144, 214,280, 281, 282
o-Xylene 55, 280, 281
p-Xylene 55, 280, 281
Xylenes (mixed isomers) 7, 54, 55, 104, 108, 256,257,274,
280, 281, 283,285, 299
Zachary, Louisiana 139
Zinc 271, 351
Zinc (fume or dust) 55, 147, 175, 188
Zinc compounds 6, 38,55, 102, 122, 124,147, 165,183, 185,
188, 214, 215, 351
Zineb 55
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1991 301-920
For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office
Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328
ISBN 0-16-035873-6
ISBN 0-16-035873-6
90000
9"780160"358739"
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