SO LIP WAST
MANAGEME I
Abstracts from the Literature
1975-1978 \
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SOLID WASTE' MANAGEMENT
Abstracts from the Literature, 1975--1978
WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
This publication (SW-784) was prepared
by the Office of Solid Waste
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1979
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An environmental protection publication (SW-784) in the solid
waste management series. Minor typographic errors and format
inconsistencies in computer printouts herein are not corrected,
in the interest of expeditious availability of this information,
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CONTENTS
Page
Introduction * 1
Section 1. General ..... 3
2. Economics and Finance 9
3. Analysis, Research and Development ..... 13
4. Organization 18
5. Operation and Processing .......... 25
Appendix A. Abbreviations ........... 27
B. Quantitative Measurements ........... 29
C. Language Codes . 30
D. Hierarchic Terms 31
E. Geographic Terms ...'...... 42
F. Document Category Codes . . . 44
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INTRODUCTION
This document makes available in printed form one of the eleven
major subject categories of the.solid waste management literature
abstracted and stored on computer by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. A decision to close the computerized abstracting activities
of the Solid Waste Information Retrieval System (SWIRS) in 1979 was
influenced by rising costs and moderate growth of requests from users.
However, EPA's Office of Solid Waste has undertaken to publish the
1975 through 1978 data; abstracts from earlier years may appear in
some sections. The SWIRS monthly abstracts series formerly published
are no longer available.
User Requests
The basic documents listed in the abstracts as "Retained in SWIRS
library" may be requested via interlibrary loan through recognized
libraries.
This abstracts series will not cover publications of EPA's Office
of Solid Waste.< Instead, users may request the catalog Solid Waste
Management: Available Information Materials^ which covers the years
1966 to present. Address the request to: Solid Waste Information, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Saint Clair Street, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45268. The above catalog includes indexes by subject, author,
and title, with order blanks.
Format, Abbreviations, and Typographic Errors
In the interest of making the data available expeditiously, the com-
puter printout is being reproduced without change of minor typographic
errors. Main abbreviations and acronyms are listed in the appendixes.
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Section 1
GENERAL
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 048475
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: How the government helps the reclaimers.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Materials Reclamation Weekly
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GKO. ARJiA: 1EU/2GN, (10) PUB. YEAH- 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: Professor Serner Schenkel of the Federal Office of
the Environment presented a paper at the Conference on Saw Materials in
Berlin that emphasized the growing importance of recycling for the
federal German economy, He stated that recycling will be important only
it there is a shortage of primary materials or if reprocessing requires
less energy, and that reclamation trade prosperity, is dependent on the
state of the consuming industries. He also believes that most of the
government's activity in the areas of waste material exchanges,
domestic refuse sorting, utilization of scrap reclaimed from refuse and
charity collections of textiles and other used materials is necessary
because most traders have failed to take any initiative or cow Id not
operate at profit.
(12) KEYWORDS: FEDERAL; GERMANY; GOVERNMENT; MANAGEMENT;
RECLAMATION
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1MA/2FF; 1SD
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS47529
(16) CITATION: 132 (26):19, Jul. 15, 1978.
16 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(1) SWIRS-ACC.NO.: 048154
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOBY:
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Report.
(4) AUTHOR: Schenkel w
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Inter Solid Wastes/Public Cleansing Assoc
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Solid Waste Management 2nd Internationcil
Proceedings-ISHA Italia 76, Fiera di Padova 21-25 Giugno 1976.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1EU/2GN (10) PUB. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Waste generation and management in the Federal
Republic of Germany (FRG) are discussed. Domestic waste generation is
estimated at 18 million t annually. Trade was.te is estimated at 5-6
Billion t, industrial waste except for the coal industry at 22! million
t, and hazardous waste and Haste requiring special treatment ait 3
million t. In addition, there are about 3 million t of waste consisting
of surplus fertilizers from the bioindustry. It is envisioned that
waste management tasks, such as collection and treatment, will increase
due to stricter environmental protection measures. Efforts are being
aade in the FRG to encourage recovery and recycling in both industry
and agriculture. Composting and incineration with heat recovery are
reliable recycling methods already in practice. Waste exchanges,
instituted by industry, are useful as agents between sellers and
buyers. A waste management program was approved by the FRG in 1975 that
ias four aims: (1) to reduce the amount of waste generated at the
production and consumption levels; (2) to increase the utilization of
waste; (3) to minimize objectionable waste disposal; and (4) to
apportion costs according to the principle' of causality. (Retained in
SSIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: ENVIRONMENT; GERMANY; MANAGEMENT; MARKET; OOANTITY-
RECLAMATION
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EC; 1EP; 1HA; 1RG
(1.5) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS47207 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Langer H
(16) CITATIONS Padova, Italy, Associazione Nazionale di Ingegneria
Sanitaria, 1976. p.90-103.
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1) SHIRS ACC.KO. : 047831
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CiTESORY: 08 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Avfallsborseu fungerer effektivt i dag. (The
waste exchange functions effectively today).
(U) AUTHOB: Trgens E
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Teknisk Ukeblad/Teknikk
(10) LANGUAGE: NO (10) GEO. ARJiA: 1EU/2NY (10) PUB. YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The Norwegian Haste Exchange is"not intended to
solve all waste problems by itself. Its purpose is to supplement other
alternatives available for waste disposal. Waste exchange or not, it is
clear that much of the refuse oust be detoxified chemically,, burned,
sterilized, split, centrifuged, distilled, remelted, filtered, etc.
However, it-costs little or nothing to operate the waste exchange, and
if the exchange can contrioute to solving the. waste problems in a aore
resourceful and economical manner, then it is justified. The Norwegian
Haste Exchange differs froa the German exchange in that it does not
include o flly those' materials which can be designated as processed,
fabrication and production wastes, but also raw material remnants,
intermediate products, and finished products. Its primary materials are
textile, plastics, and paper wastes. It was established in 1973 on the
initiative of the Norwegian Industrial Union Environmental Connai ttee.
It can be defined as a central agency for information concerning
aaterials which cannot be utilized at the plants where they are
produced and which other enterprises can destory or utilize in their
production. In practice, the inforaation is supplied through the
bulletins of the Norwegian Industrial Union. In Norway, infornation is
supplied by Industri og miljo-and the Miljo-sirkulaerer of the
Industrial Union. (Original text in Norwegian).
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; HARKET; PAPER;
PLANT-INDUSTRIAL; PLASTIC; REFUSE; SCANDINAVIA; TEXTILE; UTILIZE
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EC/2MG; 1PD/21N/3DP; 1PR/2IN/3DP; 1TE/2IH/3DP
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS46884
(16) CITATION: 123(5):18, 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO. : 045849
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Evaluation of results.
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Disposal of Hazardous Hastes: Organization.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) G£0. AREA: 1EU; 10S (10) PUB. YEAS: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Organizational schemes for the management^and
disposal of hazardous waste in North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) countries are examined. Information was obtained primarily by
questionnaire from the following NATO countries: Belgium, .Denmark, the
Federal Republic of Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United
Kingdom, and the United States. It Has determined that organizational
issues in hazardous waste disposal should be considered in relation to
other aspects of management and not in isolation. Issues of particular
inpoctance are the cost of transportation, the need for defining and
classifying hazardous waste, the management of disposal facilities,
control of the generation and transfer of hazardous waste, planning,
waste exchange systems, liability, insurance, financing, and special
regulations for certain waste types. (Retained in SHIBS library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; HAZARDOUS; MANAGEMENT;
PLANNING; REGULATIONS; SUKVfiY; US
(14) HIEUARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DH; 1HA/2HF; 1MA/2MC; 1SO
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS44898
(16) CITATION: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Jun. 1977.
p. 73-100.
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GENERAL
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 040556
(2) DOHESTIC: .F ' (2) CATEGORY: 12 (2) SHBJ.TYPE: G
(4) AUTHOR: Sooij H (10) GEO. AESA: 1 CD (10) PUB. YEAfi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Industrial waste that is not air or waterborne, but
is transported to a processing or disposal site is discussed. Twice as
ranch industrial waste is generated, as municipal waste, and there is a
50 percent anticipated growth in the next decade due to effluent
legislation. The 0. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
Environment Canada are both studying quantities and characteristics of
industrial waste over a wide range of industries. Haulers reguire
different information about waste, partly dependent on the disposal
aethod, and some preliminary on-site tests are usually made. Accident
prevention steps are taken throughout all handling. Waste generator,
hauler, and processor can be the same agency, an ideal situation
representing complete recycling. Haste processing at Industrial Taofc
Inc. is described to illustrate the chief aspects of a well run
disposal facility, while a Washington State company processes selected
waste to manufacture fertilizer, fire retardants, wood preservatives,
and paint pigments. A list of enterprises accepting waste for
processing is given in a March 1975 EPA solid waste management report
but reprocessing facilities of waste generating companies are not
listed. Waste exchanges are used in Europe and to a lesser degree in
some States, where information on the availability of waste is
disseminated to those who require it as a raw material. Research is
currently underway in Europe and the United States on industrial waste
landfills, and the sources of further information on these projects are
given.
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; CALIFORNIA; CANADA; CHE3ICAL; DISPOSAL; EUROPE;
FACILITY; INDUSTRY; MINNESOTA; MUNICIPALITY; PROGRAM; RESEARCH;
SANITARY LANDFILL; US; WASHINGTON; HATER
(14) HIERAHCH TERHS: 1IC; 1HA/2aC
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.i OOS39&00
(18) DOC.CIS,: Mooij, H. Aspects of industrial waste management. In
Environment Canada. Proceedings; the Recent Developments in Solid Waste
Management Seminar, Vancouver, B. C. , Apr. 14, 1976. Solid Waste
Management Branch Report EPS-3-EC-76-11. Canada, Minister of Supply and
Services, Aug. 1976. p. 61-69.
(2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) GJSO.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 040058
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09
AREA: 1 HA (10) PUB. YEAK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The progress, problems, and growth of the hazardous
waste management industry is discussed by the Chemical Waste Committee
of the National Solid Hastes Management Association. The historical
background to this Committee o.s examined with its relationship with the
governaent. The creation of the chemical waste industry and various
attitudes of organizations are outlined. The status of the industry and
its future are discussed, with reference to the industry's depea-dence
on legislation and its enforceaent. A discussion of the Committee's
definition of hazardous waste is given, as is a discussion on disposal
versus pretreatment. The problems of the waste exchange concept are
mentioned and the views of tne Coamittee on transportation and storage
are presented. A discussion on waste sheds and the exportation of waste
over regional boundaries is given. The purpose of a trip ticket or
manifest to accompany waste in transportation-is explained and States
using the system are mentioned. The Federal role in waste disposal is
seen as inadequate and an outline of its position and the role of the
£PA is given and discussed. The responsibility of the States and the
action that they have taken legislatively is reported. State training
programs are developing and the progress of State regulatory pra grans
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
15 ?l!feKEY«ORSs-""sSO^^HEalCAL; DEFINITION; DISCUSSION; __...
GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS; HISTORY; INDUSTRY; LAW; MANAGEMENT; MATERIALS
HANDLING; TRAINING
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1HA/2MB
(18) DOc!ciT?:"HHew thrust for hazardous waste management. Haste
Age, 7(11):40, 42, 44, 46, 49-50, 52, 54, 56-58, 60, 62, 68, Nov. 1976.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.i 039959
(2) DOMESTIC; D (2) CArEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR* 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A representative of the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency discusses hazardous waste management at a public
«eeting held by the 0. S. Environmental Protection Agency on December
H. 1975 in Rosenont, Illinois. Ohio opposes any cut in State programs
en hazardous waste. The development of hazardous waste. The development
of hazarous waste regulations by States is discussed, and it is _
recomaended that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency take action
to support the States in assuring continuity of regulation development
in parallel with Federal programs. Support is given to the concept of
hazardous waste treatment centers, criteria for the design of model
legislation fox both hazardous waste management and enforcement
purposes, provision by the Federal Government of a clearinghouse
function to allow industry as well as States to know what other
companies are' doing in the field of hazardous waste -handling, and the
belief that generators of hazardous waste should be able to develop the
necessary toxicity data. A survey being conducted in Ohio to evaluate
the aagnitude of the hazardous waste problem is cited. A question and
answer session follows the presentation. '
(12) KEYWORDS: CENTRALIZED; CONFERENCE; CRITERIA; DATA; EPA;
FEDERAL: GRANT; HAZARDOUS; INFORMATION; INTER; MANAGEMENT; OHIO;
PROBLEMS; REGULATIONS; STATE; SURVEY; TECHNOLOGY; TOXIC; TRANSPORT;
1HEATMENT
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS39003 . .
(18) DOC.CIT.: Brown, D. Representing the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency, on hazardous waste management. In Corson, A. S. , P.
A. Savage, and C. A. Baggatts, eds. Proceedings; the 1975 Public
Meetings on Hazardous Haste Hanagement, Newark, NJ, Kosemont, «•»
Houston, TX, and San Francisco, CA, Dec. 1975. v. 1. Office of Solid
Haste. Manageaent Programs Publication SH-9p. Washington, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1976. p. 661-669.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO. : 039942
(2) DOMESTICS D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2).SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A representative of the Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency discusses hazardous waste management at public
•eetinq held by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency on December
14, 1975 in Roseaont, Illinois. It is pointed out that major emphasis
has been placed in Illinois on the establishment of a supplemental
per»it systea for the safe eaplacement of liguid a.nd certain hazardous
waste into environmentally sound disposal sites, the development of
guidelines for aanaging special and hazardous waste, disposed of on
land by implementing the waste exchange concept. Several key problems
and areas of consideration associated with any hazardous waste
•anageaent program are addressed. A guestion and answer session follows
the presentation.
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GENERAL
(12) KEYWORDS: CONFERENCE; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; EPA; HAZARDOUS;
ILLINOIS; LAND; LICENSE; LIQUID; MANAGEMENT; PROGRAM; RfiDOCTIOll;
REGULATIONS; SITES; TRANSPORT; VOLUME
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS38986
(18) DOC.CIT.: Clark, T. Representing the Illinois Environnental
Protection Agency, on hazardous waste management. In Cor son, A,, S. , P.
A. Savage, and C. A. Baggatts, eds. Proceedings; the 1975 Public
Heetinqs on Hazardous Waste Management, Newark, NJ, Rosemont, Y.L,
Houston, TX, and San Francisco, CA, Dae. 1975. v. 1. Office of Solid
fc'aste Management Programs Publication SW-9p. Washington, 0. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1976. p. t55-470.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 038753
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 1U (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) POB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Standards proposed by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) for the effective management of nonradioactive hazardous
waste are examined. The purpose of iSPA's position statement is to
describe a preferred waste management strategy or set of priorities for
hazardous waste control that adequately protect the public health and
the environment. Responsibility foe the control of radioactive waste,
previously covered by the Atonic Energy Act of 1954, has been assigned
to EPA, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Energy Research and
Development Administration. Although State and local government
officials and Federal agencies are the primary audience for the
position statement, it should be ot interest to hazardous waste
generators, waste treatment and disposal industry, and concerned
citizens. Desired waste management options are identified in order of
priority as waste reduction, waste separation and concentration,, waste
exchange, energy and materials recovery. Waste incineration and
treatment, and secure ultimate disposal. Implementation aspects of
hazardous waste management controls are considered. (Docueaent retained
in SWIRS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: EPA; HAZARDOUS; HANAGEHENT; STANDARD
(15) STIMS ACC. NO.: OOS37797
(18) DOC.CIT.: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effective
hazardous waste management (non-radioactive): position stateaent.
Federal Register, 41 (161):35050-3b051, Auq. 18, 1976.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 036790
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: 6 (10) POB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Offers and demands froa Austria, Switzerland and
Scandinavia are published along with domestic ones. The literature
suggests that a Eubpean procurement agency be established for chemical
waste products which contain valuble materials or which can be re-used.
The Swiss market for re-utilizing wastes and the Scandinavian waiste
aarket have published advertisements from other national markets;.
German purchasers are also referring to foreign markets through the VCI
waste exchange. The VCI lists the supply and demand for chemical waste
products in this report. (Original text in German. )
(12) KEYWORDS: AUSTRIA; CHEMICAL; DIRECTORY; EUROPE; GERMANS';
MARKET; RECLAMATION; SCANDINAVIA; SWITZERLAND; UTILIZE
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS35835
(18) .DOC.CIT.: Anoa, On the way toward a 'European Waste Market1:
offers and demands from Austria, Switzerland, and Scandinavia. i[Aufdea
Kege zur "Europaeischen Abfallboerse". Mitveroeffentlichung von
Angeboten aus Oesterreich, der Schweiz und Skandinavien. ) Cheaische
Industrie, 27(25):273-274, May 1975.
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 035651
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKX: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAH* 19V5
(11) ABSTRACT: Congress wrote into the Solid Haste Disposal Act, as
amended by the Resource Recovery Act of 1970, a requirement that the
Federal Governaent study the hazardous waste problems and submit
reconaendations. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
subaitted these to Congress. EPA is pursuing a program which includes:
detenaining the quantity and composition of hazardous wastes and their
sources; identifying and assessing safe treatment and disposal'methods;
developing criteria for proper processing and disposal of hazardous
wastes; understanding the health and environmental effects of improper
waste nanageaent; and relaying to industry, and State and local
Governments information on hazardous waste management. Industry
generates at least 10 million tons of nonradioactive hazardous wastes a
year. This amount is growing at a rate of 5 to 10 percent each year.
Technology is available to dispose of most nonradioactive hazardous
wastes. With or without federal legislation the States are the proper
focal points for the management of hazardous wastes; their capacity
•ust be encouraged to grow. A waste management program should: reduce
the amount of hazardous wastes generated; concentrate wastes at the
source to reduce handling problems; stimulate waste exchange programs
tetwcon industries; recapture and recycle components of the waste;
destroy some wastes in high temperature incinerators; detoxify and
neutralize wastes destined for land disposal; and build especially '
designed landfills for hazardous wastes. (This document is retained in
the SWIRS library. ) ,'
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; EPA; FEDERAL; GOVERNMENT;
HAZARDOUS; HEALTH; INDUSTRY; LAW; MANAGEMENT; RADIOACTIVE; SOLID WASTE
CISPOSAL ACT; STATE; TOXIC; TREATMENT
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS3U696
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hazardous wastes. Environmental protection
Publication SW-138. Washington, D. C. , U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1975. 24 p.
8
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Section 2
ECONOMICS AND FINANCE
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 0442J2
(2) DOMESTIC: y (2) CATEGORY: 16 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Who should sponsor and operate the waste
Materials exchange.
(4) AOTHOE: Lauqhlin KGW
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation of a Waste
Haterials Exchange in Canada. (8) REPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 06SS KE 204-6-EP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) ttBO. AREA: 1CD (10) 'POD. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Responsibility for the operation of a waste
aaterials exchange in Canada is evaluated. It is pointed out that
financial sponsorship and operation of an exchange nay or may not be
undertaken by a single organization. The concept of users paying for
services is considered to be attractive, although the adoption of this
concept nay reduce the change or an exchange's successful operation. A
report prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is cited
in which it is indicated that an industry association should sponsor an
exchange. As an alternative to both, sponsorship and operation of an
exchange by the Canadian, government, sponsorship plus contracting out
exchange operation is noted as a possibility. This option should
•inimize industrial reservations about the submission of information on
waste material streams to a government department.
(12) KEYWORDS: CANADA; ECONOMICS; GOVERNMENT; INDUSTRY; INFORMATION
(14) HIEfiAR-CH TERMS: 1EAj 1EB/2EF; 1HA/2MH; 1SB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.I OOS43255 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golomb A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p. 52-57.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.; 044210
(2) DOMESTIC: e 12) CATEGORY: 27 (2) SUB J. TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Effect on the established Canadian secondary
materials industry.
(4) AUTHOR: Laughlin EGW
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation of a Waste
Haterials Exchange in Canada. (8) REPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 06SS KE 204-6-EP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1CD (10) PUB. YEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The impact of a waste materials exchange in Canada
on the secondary aaterials industry is assessed. The concept of a waste
materials exchange was discussed with the Canadian Association of
Recycling Industries and with various waste management processing
industries. Opposition to the concept of an exchange if it were
established only for commodities handled by the recycling association
was indicated. The establishment of an exchange was endorsed by the
waste management and disposal industry, although some reservation was
expressed by secondary materials industries who already have an
established market for two commodities (paper and scrap metals).
(12) KEYWORDS: CANADA; INDUSTRY; INFOHSATION; BECLAMATIOU
(14) HIERAHCH TERMS: 1EB/2EF; 1SB
(15J STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS43253 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golomb A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p.40-44. -
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1)
(2)
(3)
(<»)
(5)
(6)
1EU; 1US; 1CD (10) PUB. YEAH:
SWISS ACC.NO.: 044208
DOMESTIC: P (2) CATEGORIC: 07 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
ARTICLE TITLE: Waste disposal controls.
AUTHOR: Laughlin KGW
CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
BOOK TITLE: In the Methodology for the Operation of a Haste
Materials Exchange in Canada. 18) KEPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT HO.: 06SS KE 204-6-fiP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AKEA:
1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Controls being introduced over the disposal of waste
aaterials in Europe and North America are discussed. The controls cover
the transportation and disposal of Haste, with primary enphasis on
hazardous or toxic waste. It is felt that the effect of implementing
stringent controls over the disposal of hazardous waste on the
establishaent of a waste materials exchange will be to increase the
utilization of the exchange by industry. Two reasons for this are
cited: (1) the cost for disposal in an environmentally acceptable
Banner is usually more expensive than landfill or lagoonings and (2)
the reporting aspect of most existing or proposed waste disposal
control legislation should also encourage the use of a waste exchange.
Data on hazardous waste treataent and disposal practices in the United
States are tabulated.
(12) KEYWORDS: CANADA; CONTROL; DATA; DISPOSAL; EUROPE; HAZARDOUS;
INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; SYSTEM; TOXIC; TRANSPORT; TREATMENT; US
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DW; 1EB/2EF; 1HA; 1TD
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43251 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golomb A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar.
p.25-27.
1977.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 043580
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SDBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Impetus for recycling.
(4) AUTHOR: McCall MN III
(10) JLANGUAGE:TLEN S(1ofPGEO? AREA: 1 US (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The utilization of scrap to conserve resources and
to sustain economic growth in the United States is discussed. The
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976) will encourage the
recovery of greater quantities of scrap and it will fund research on
existing and potential markets. Resource recovery is tied to
environmentally sound solid waste management, public resource recovery
•ust not iapinge on the legitimate role of private industry by forcing
market substitution rather than creating new markets. A recent study
suggests a significant underutilization of capacity in the scrap
industry. The Georgia Waste Exchange, a free information service where
interested parties aay buy or sell waste materials, energy sources, and
used processing eguipment, is described. In the future, the scrap
industry aust try to correct Marketplace economics, seek fair
competition between sellers of virgin and mansade resources and promote
"etatl2^KEYWORDS: ECONOMICS; ENERGY; ENVIRONMENT; HEALTH; INDUSTRY;
MANAGEMENT; -MARKET; METAL; RECLAMATION; REFUSE; SANITARY LANDFILL;
SCRAP
(14) HIERAHCH TBRMS: 1EA/2EB; 1LB/2LD; 1SB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS42623
(16) CITATION: 34(5):24,25,28, Hay 1977.
10
-------
ECONOMICS AND FINANCE
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 043254 '
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Growing chemical industry creates need for more
waste recovery, Eurochem told.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Materials Reclamation Weekly
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AEEA: 1EU/2UK (10) PUB. YliAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Delegates to the 1977 Eurochen conference sere told
that the growing chemical industry creates the need for more waste
recovery. One paper entitled "Recovering Metals from Chemical Hastes1'
considered that effluents produced in metal finishing contain enough
nonferrous netals to make their recovery worthwhile. Effluents
containing metals are usually treated in some way to meet water guality
standards. Treatment methods rarely allow recovery of the metal value,
the usual method being to precipitate the metals in the fora of sludge.
Recovery of aetal values necessitates the separation of the metals by
chemical processing. Although technically feasible, the processes are
not usually economic. Other methods concentrate the metals as;
solutions, these methods can only be used for in plant recycling. In a
paper entitled "Recycling of Waste Oils by Chemical Processing," it
was estimated that about halt of the 960,000 tons of lubricating oils
sold in Great Britain could be made available for recycling. In a paper
concerning waste exchanges, it was pointed out that apart from
recycling within the actual process, the most economical method of
waste recovery is to use it as a raw material in another process. The
experience of the UK Waste Materials Exchange (initiated in 1974) is
cited.
(12) KEYHOK'DS: CHEHICAL; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; GREAT BRITAIN;
INDUSTRY; MARKET; METAL; NGti-FEKROUS; OIL; RECLAMATION REFUSE;
SEPARATING; SLUDGE
(14) HIEHAfiCH TERMS: 1CB/2CA/3CC; 1aC; 1ME/2WC; 1PF/2PG/3PI; 1RB;
1SE/2SL
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS42297
(16) CITATION: 130 (2) :24-25, July 9, 1977.'
(1) SWIHS ACC.NO. : 035137
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPS: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Recycling makes good ecomonic sense. Government
agencies are beginning to get into the recycling business. The National
Research Decelcpment Corporation ot the United Kingdom is now backing
the development of recovery plants for plasticiser based on a steam
extraction process, a process for recycling plastic coated paper, and
techniques for handling mixed waste plastics. West Germany has set up
waste exchanges designed to put potential users of waste in touch with
industries that produce them. The first year in Hamburg 3,500 tons of
waste materials were recycled through this system. In Sweden households
voluntarily separated domestic refuse. Local governments have also
gotten into the recycling business. The enthusiasm for recycling is
growing, not waning.
(12) KEYWORDS: DOMESTIC; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; GERMANY; GOVERNMENT;
GREAT BRITAIN; INDUSTRY; LOCAL; PAPER; PLASTIC; RECLAMATION; REFUSE-
SCANDINAVIA; SEPARATING
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS34 182
(18) DOC.CIT.:- Hammond, B. Recycling begins at home. New Scientist,
67(958) : 152-153, July 17, 1975.
11
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 031*415
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 08 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This article describes freight payment plan proposed
to the scrap industry by the First American National Bank of Nashville,
Tennessee. Under this plan. First American would act as an agent for
both the shipper and the carrier, serving as a clearinghouse for all
incoaing collect and outgoing prepaid freight bills. First American's
freight Payment Plan is already serving other industrial concerns. The
plan eliainates all the clerical work involved in the payment o£
freight bills, autoaatically coaplies with all regulations of the
Interstate Commerce Commission, and furnishes excellent proof of
payaentinformation. The plan is available for a service fee of 5
dollars per BOnth. A computerized statement of the automatic freight
payBents is provided to the participant once a month. An automatic
credit for any incorrect payment is awarded following the return of a
simple correction form to the bank. This feature can save many hours of
effort and aonths of delay in collecting on freight claims. The plan
can result in significant savings in terms of money, time, and effort
and can give recycling firms significant leverage in dealing with the
various carriers.
(12) KEYHORDS: BENEFIT; COST REDUCTION; ECONOHICS; INDUSTRY;
MHAGEMEHT; RAIL HAUL; RECLAMATION; SCRAP; SYSTEM; TRANSPORT
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS33459
(18) DOC.CIT.: First Anerican's freight payment plan can save
•oney. Recycling Today, 13 (6):103, 105, 111, June 1975.
12
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Sections
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044539
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Total resource recovery systems and the scrap
processing industry.
(4) AUTHOR: MGCall HN
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Recycling Today
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GfiO. AREA: 1US/2GA (10) PUB. YEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: In this speech, McCall discusses the nature,
importance and future of the resource recovery and recycling industry.
The impetus for recycling comes froa the reality that our nation is
producing more garbage than we can bury, and that we are becoaing more
dependant on foreign sources for raw materials, minerals and fuel. The
Resource conservation and Recovery Act underscores the importance of
conservation and recycling, and of this industry. The law will
encourage recovery of greater quantities of scrap, as well as research
markets for it. HcCall sees the law as a benefit to the scrap industry.
The industry should get more involved in the public aspects of resource
recovery. Industry studies have shown there is a significant
nnderutilization of the capacity of the scrap industry, almost 50
percent. Scrap processors could more than adequately Beet any
conceivable demands by the iron and steel industries. HcCall describes
waste exchange program. Economic inequities between virgin and
recovered resources must be dealt with as the industry evolves.
(12) KEYWORDS: GEORGIA; INDUSTRY; LAW; MARKET; METAL; HINERAL;
PROCESS; RECLAMATION; REFUSE DERIVED FUEL; SCRAP
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EA/2EB; 1LB/2LB; 1MD/28T; 1RG; 1SB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43584
(16) CITATION: 15(6):88-92, June 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO. : 044473
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 13 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S
(3) .ARTICLE TITLE: Processing of factory waste by reverse osmosis.
(4) AUTHOR: Henscheid TH
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: The Sugar Journal
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1US (10) PUB. YE»B: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The application of menbrane technology for
industrial processes has been expanding in recent years, notably in
water treatment, the processing of whey, and the treatment of sugar -
fceet liguors by reverse osmosis. This paper discusses an experiment
where a testing unit containing 2.25 sg in. membrane area and utilizing
various types of membranes was used in one series of tests involving
both Steffen filtrate and ion exchange waste in single stage a« well as
multistage fractionation. Another series of tests evaluated a pilot
•odule hollow fiber cartridge for concentrating Steffen filtrate. It
was demonstrated that a combination of ultrafiltration and reverse
osmosis can separate such waste into water, brine and a product
containing the bulk of the organic matter. The paper concludes that
reverse osaosis can be used to concentrate Stiffens filtrate to about:
10 degrees Brix. It is an attractive tool to frictionate and ..
concentrate other waste streams generated in the processing of sugar.
Reverse osmosis does reguire Meticulous care so that the nembraines are
not subjected to punishment. Freguent replacement of the aembrames will
render the process ineffective and uneconomical.
(12) KEYWORDS: BY-PRODUCT; FILTER; ION; OSMOSIS; PROCESS; BEFINEfiY;
RESEARCH; SEPARATING; SUGAR
(14) HIERARCH TEHHS: 1FD/2FX; 1RE; TSE/2SP
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43519 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Mathtsson A;
Schoenrock K
(16) CITATION: 39 (2): 20-24, Hay 1977.
13
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
. Er.., soi»=.
pablish criteria to be ue »r f^" |Jv°ilp aid ,ro.5l,at« crilerl.
TERMS: IBA. 11.8/21,0; 1MA/2MH; I.G; 1SD/2SI
(15) SUMS JiCC.NO.: OOS43456
(16) CITATION: 11 (3) : 230-232, Mar. 1977.
(D
(2)
(3)
W
(5)
(6)
SHIES ACC.NO. : 044214
DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 27 (2) 'SUBJ.TYPE: G
ARTICLE TITLE: Exchange evaluation.
AUTHOR: Laughlin EGW
CORPOBATE AUTHOR: Ontario Besearch Foundation
BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation of a Haste
Haterials Exchange in Canada. (8) BEPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 06SS KE 204-6-EP13
(10) LAHBUAGE: EH (10) GEO. ARBA: 1CD (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Techniques for the evaluation of a waste materials
exchange in Canada are described. It is noted that evaluation
techniques for the information-only exchange, recommended for adoption
in Canada, are difficult to design. The issue of maintaining
confidentiality for users of the exchange is of primary importance if
credibility with industry is to be cultivated. Approaches adopted by
various waste exchanges to cost/benefit analysis are noted. Four
alternatives for the assessment .of the success of a waste materials
exchange are identified: (1) "as new" value of raw materials replaced;
(2) total weight of materials exchanged; (3) definitive economic
analysis of each transaction; and (4) definitive energy analysis of
each transaction. The advantages and disadvantages of each alterantive
are enumerated. It is recomaended that the first alternative be
employed in Canada. Sample information cards for available and wanted
listings to be used in the exchange are included.
(12) KEYWORDS: CANADA; INFORHAIZON; RECLAMATION
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EB/2EF; 1SB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43257 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golomb a
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p.83-89.
14
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 044213
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 27 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Detailed format for the Canadian waste materials
exchange.
(4) AUTHOR: Laughlin KGH
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Hesearch Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation of a Waste
Materials Exchange in Canada. (8) REPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CCNTRACT NO.: 06SS KB 204-6-EP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GBO. AREA: 1CD (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The recommended format for the operation of a waste
materials exchange in Canada is detailed. It is proposed that the
exchange be an information only type of exchange insofar as it does not
actively participate in negotiations between fitms wishing to exchange
waste. A waste materials exchange balletin with its own mailing list is
considered to be the best way of publicizing information on waste to be
exchanged. In this balletin, waste should be categorized as follows-
organic chemicals, solvents, oils, fats, waxes, acids and alkalis-
spent catalysts, metals and metal containing sludge, plastics,
textiles, leather, rubber, wood and paper products, and miscellaneous.
Consideratipn is given to publicity, mailing, data handling, staffing.
cost, and service aspects of the exchange.
POB&1 ."!£££: RECAL\ftHDlllODfA! EC°NOalCS! "CATION; LITERATE;
(14) HIEBAHCH TERMS: 1EA/2EA; 1EB/2BD; 1PJ; 1SB
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS43256 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golonb A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p» 58*82.
(1) SWIES ACC.NO.: 044209
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 12 (2) SOBJ.TYPE:
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Industrial interest.
(4) AOTHOR: Laughlin RGH
AUTHOB- Ontario Research Foundation
SSES:
ofPlfind^f-than ^ aCtin9 S°l8ly "ithin °ne industr?. ?he I; teSst
of 11 industries in a waste materials exchange is detailed. There were
n2™?r£iVe resP°nses and one negative response. Tabular data are
(14) HIERARCH TEBHS: 1IC/2IY; 1SB; 1SO
flll"^?^^0'^;: OOS43252 H5) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Goloa b A
p.28-39. Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Har. 1977.
15
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1)
(2)
(3)
SWIRS ACC.NO.: 043100
DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUJ3J.TYPE: G
ARTICLE TITLE: Waste clearinghouses and exchanges.
(4) AUTHOR: Terry RC Jr
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Chemical Engineering Process
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) Gl3O. AREA: 1EU; 1JUS (10) PUB. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A one-year study to explore the feasibility a£ the
vaste transfer concept and to outline the requirements for a successful
waste transfer operation is reported. Two types of transfer
organizations were studied: the European style information
clearinghouses which transfer infpraation, and the materials exchanges
which accept residues, analyze them, identify new uses, treat then, and
seek buyers. Potential opportunities for waste transfer were
investigated. Industries that manufacture chemicals or use then as raw
materials are potential clients o£ transfer agents. Only a few waste
transfer agents-operate now in the U.S. Most existing transfer
organization are operated by the chemical industry associations or
governments of Europe. The services of exchanges are more complex and
expensive than those of clearinghouses. Their financial success depends
upon brokering matches to completion. All existing clearinghouses are
subsidized by their sponsors. Some charge nominal listing fees. A
cetwork of regional clearinghouses is anticipated in the U.S. Economic
analysis indicates that a materials exchange service is not likely to
be profitable unless offered with a range of other established services
to industry. An information clearinghouse can probably become
economically self-sufficient in time. Both enterprises offer a
different approach to finding new uses for wastes.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; INDUSTRY;
INVESTIGATION; MARKET; RECLAMATION; REFUSE; REGIONAL; SCRAP
(14) HIEBABCH TERMS: 1EA/2EB; 1IC/2I1; 1MA/2MS; 1SB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS42143 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: BerkowitZ
JB; Porter CH
(16) CITATION: 72(12) :58-62, Dec. 1976.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 036349 •
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
(11) ABSTRACT: The renovation and recycling of municipal waste
water were examined at an international conference held in BeJLlagio,
Italy in July 1975. The conferees represented research and development
organizations in Denmark, Netherlands, Israel, United Kingdom, Hungary,
Canada, West Germany, Mexico, and the United States. Five conference
objectives are outlined: (1) exchange information on waste water
renovating and reuse technology, with major emphasis on the detection
and deactivation of viruses and pathogenic organisms; (2) determine the
nossiblity of utilizing nutrients in waste water for the cultivation ot
fish and other aquatic organisms as protein sources for human beings;
(3) examine the social impact of waste water reuse in different .
countries and methods which can be employed to gain public acceptance
for its use; (4) stimulate more cooperative international research; and-
(5) develop a set of general recommendations concerning future
directions in the renovation and reuse of waste water. Recommendations
unanimously adopted by all conference participants are listed.
(12) KEYWORDS: CONFERENCE; ECONOMICS; INFORMATION; INTERNATIONAL;
PLANNING; PROTEIN; PUBLIC; RECLAMATION; RESEARCH; "SAFETY; SEPARATING;
TECHNOLOGY; TREATMENT; VIHUS; WASTE WATER
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS35394
(18) DOC.CIT.s Aguirre, J. , and G. H. Allen. Wastewater renovation
and reuse: an urgent environmental need (conference report). Water .
Besearch, 10:357-358, 1976.
16
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036253
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: 6 (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: A West German aarket for utilizable waste, referred
to as "waste exchange", was created by the Chambers of Industry and
Commerce>in 1974. During one year of its existence a total of 5759
items were offered for sale and 914 inquiries were made. Tie reaction
to these advertisements was positive: 10,191 prospective buyers caae
forward and 2,215 prospective sellers answered the inguiries. Over 20
percent of offers concerned the plastic wastes, almost as much -
chemical residues; paper (11. 7 percent) followed. The lowest
percentage of offers came froa leather-working industries (72 offers or
1. 2 percent). Inquiries showed a similar pattern. The inguiries and
cffers are published in the Hachrichtenblatt of the respective chamber;
the total circulation of both publications is over 700,000. There is no
charge for the processing of inguiries, offers and negotiations.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; GERMANY; INDUSTRY; HAiZKET; PAPEfi;
PERCENTAGE; PLASTIC; PUBLIC JiELATIOilS; RECLAMATION; RESIDUE; UTILIZE
(15) STIHS ACC.MO.: OOS35298
(18) DOC.CIT.: Haenert, F, Success of utilizable waste markets of
chambers of industry and commerce. (Erfolge der abfallboersen der
industrie-und handelskamnern. ) fluell und Abfall, 7:204-206, 1975.
17
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
Section 4
ORGANIZATION
(2)
(3)
W
15)
(6)
SHIES ACC.NO.: OUU211
DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 16 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
ARTICLE TITLE: Geographic extent of the exchange.
AUTHOR: Laughlin RGW
CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the operation of a Baste
Materials Exchange in Canada. (8) KEPORT MO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 06SS KE 204-6-BP13 .
(10) LAHGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: ICD po> PUB. YEAR: 1977
fill ABSTRACT: Geographic considerations in the establishment of a
waste aaterials exchange in Canada are addressed. The primary issue is
what geographic area an exchange should cover iu order.to be most
effectivl and beneficial to Canadian industries. Three alternatives are
evaluated: a series of regional exchanges, provincial exchanges, and a
national Canadian exchange. The advantages and .disadvantages of each
alternative are delineated. It is felt that the provincial exchange
alternative is the least advantageous and that a network of regional
exchanges with some form of inter-regional cooperation is preferable.
It is recoaaeaded, however, that a single waste exchange be established
and that relationships between Canada and the United States be
developed witfc regard to waste exchanges.
(12) KEYWORDS: GEOGRAPHY; INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; RECLAHATION;
BEGIONAL
(14) HIEBARCH TERHS: 1EB/2EF; 1HA/2HK; 1 SB
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.S OOS43254 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: G°l°»& a
(16) CITATION: .Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Bar. 1977.
E.U5-51.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO. : 045846
C2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
f61 BOOK TITLE: Disposal of Hazardous Wastes: organization.
10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. &REA: IEU; ms (10) PUB. YEAK: 1977
1111 ABSTRACT: The findings of a study conducted to assess
organizational probleas encountered in the nana9enent and/if^f ™ of
hazardous waste are presented. Emphasis is placed on the following
aspects of hazardous waste disposal, as practiced in North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) countries: legislative basis of the
organization of hazardous waste disposal (regulations on the control of
waste flows and on the licensing of facilities, planning regulations,
and regulations on liability and financing and insurance), the
practical execution of existing regulations, and the evaluation of
advantages and disadvantages pertaining to different organizational
scheaes. Hazardous waste management in NATO* countries is considered.
Attention is given to aanagement principles and th estate of the art,
regulations on waste stream control and practices of control, planning
and limitation aspects of disposal districts, waste exchange systeas,
and special regulations or management systems for special types of •
; EUEOPE; HAZARDOUS; HANAGEMENT;
BEGULATIQNS; US .
(14) HIERAKCH TERHS: 1DD/2DH; 1HA/2HF; 1MA/2HC
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS44895 . .
(16) CITATION: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Jun. 1977. TUB
18
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ORGANIZATION
(1) SWIHS ACC.NO.: 044207
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 27 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Comparison of existing waste Materials
exchanges.
(4) AUTHOR: Laughlin RGW
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation of a Haste
Materials Exchange in Canada. (8) REPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CCNTRACT HO.: 06SS KE 204-6-EP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. A-HEA: 1EU/2GE; 1EU/2UK; 1EU/2IT;
1EU/2BE;' 1EU/2SIJ; 1EU/2NE; 1EU/2FR; 1EU/2AS; 1CD; 1US (10) PUB. YEAHl
(11) ABSTRACT: Alternative types of waste materials exchanges are
compared. Five major categories o£ exchanges are identified: those
operated by industrial societies for their membership, by organizations
such as a Chamber of Commerce, by commercial magazines, by government,
and those sponsored by government and operated by independent
organizations. Exchanges in Germany, England, Italy, Belgium, and
Switzerland are evaluated. Tabular data on the operation of exchanges
in these countries, as well as in Norway, the Netherlands, France,
Canada, Austria, and the United States are provided. Particular
attention is given to manpower requirements associated with exchange
operation.
(12) KEYWORDS: AUSTRIA^ tfJJLGIUH; CANADA; COMMERCIAL; DATA; FRANCE;
GERMANY; GOVERNMENT; GREAT'BRITAIN; INDSUTBY; INFORMATION; ITALY-
NETHERLANDS; RECLAMATION; SWITZERLAND; SYSTEM; US
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EB/2EF; 1 SB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43250 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golo.mb A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar,.-1977.
p.14-24.
(D
(2)
(3)
<<»)
(5)
(6)
SWIRS ACC.NO. : 044206
DOMESTIC: S (2) CATEGORY: 27 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
ARTICLE TITLE: Basic alternative waste exchange systems.
AUTHOR: Laughlin RGtf ,
CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
. . BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation'of a Waste
Materials Exchange in Canada. (8) REPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 19}
CONTRACT NO.: 06SS KE 204-6-EP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1CD (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Two approaches to the establishment of a waste "
•aterials exchange are identified. They involve information exchange
only and information plus waste aaterials handling. It is felt that
there is probably a need for both information and materials handling
exchanges within a country, even though the logistic problems of
servicing many different industries with many diverse products and
types of wastes are significant with a materials handling exchange. The
costs involved in establishing and operating a materials handling
exchange are also high in terms of capital investnent and operating
charges. It is recommended that an information only waste materials
exchange.be established in Canada to serve primary, secondary, and
reprocessing industries.
(12) KEYWORDS: ECONOMICS; INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; MATERIALS
HANDLING; RECLAMATION; SYSTEM
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EB/2EF; 1 SB
.(.15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43249 (15( SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golomb A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p.11-13.
19
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
8! ;S3S«S-*§'S(2)0*SSooais 20 (2) SUBTYPE: , d<» GEO.
as Exchange, begun in 197*.
^^
ssas and sK^ssri^-ssjs? -r ";? f Sr o£
the. organic and process che.aa.cals, but this also includes metals,
,000 ounds rio. the govern.e.t 1. to
; COMaEECIAL; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; EaROPE;
a BKL, OIL; ORGANIC; PEOGRA«; RECLABA.IO.,
), HIERARCH TERHSj 1IC/2JA; 1ttC
°.SS"o wealth. (The c«) Chartered Hechauical
Engineer, 23 (5): 27, Bay 1976.
08 {2} SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
(1) SWIRS ACC.HO.: 039527
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORIC:
ni»1 ABSTRACT: A Waste Haterial Exchange has been set up in Great
available of a particular material and reguirements for
availlbll froa this register. It is too soon to determine, how
the exchange will be. At this time, the response has been
2-2!
BRITAIN; INDUSTRY; MARKET; RKCLAMATJ.ON
{51} DTOCrciT?:-Npoil,Tl5and a. Allen. UK -aste materials
exchange. Chemistry and Industry, (6):238, Mar. 20, 1976.
(1) SWIHS ACC.NO. : 039331
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE:. G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The St. Louis Industrial Waste Exchange, sponsored
by the Regional Commerce and Gro«tn Association (RCGA), is trying to
turn one aan's trash into another man's treasure.xPatterned after the
wastes bourses of Europe, tne exchange is not a brokerage operation a-nd
20
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ORGANIZATION
takes no part in negotiations; its primary purpose is to servo as a
clearinghouse and matchmaker. It is apparent that large concentrated
and continuous supplies of materials have the most appeal for see.kers
of usable wastes. The largest category of available materials is
sulfuric acid. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA]I feels
that if the exchange can dispose of even a small portion of the
sulfuric acid and other hazardous wastes it will have made a real
contribution to the environment. As of January 1976, solvents of
various kinds were the most wanted materials, while copper wastes and
solvents were the most readily available materials. Coal tar, baghouse
dust, waste oil, lime slurry, listed as available, have,attracted
inquiries. Hastewater sludges, filter cakes, and fly ash have been
ignored. The exchange which has stimulated interest in other areas of
the country, has the active support of governmental agencies and
environmental groups. Operations and procedures of the exchange are
noted.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACID; FLY ASH; HABKET; MISSOURI; PJiOGBAH; ,REFOSE;
SLUDGE; SOLVENT; ST LOUIS; SULFUB; HASTE WATER
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.I OOS38375
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hackay, B. B. , Jr. Sow's ear becoaes silk purse
thanks tost. Louis matchmaker. Solid Hastes Hanagement, 19(8):38, 63,
lug. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 039121
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOEY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
XSAB: 1976 '
(11) ABSTRACT: A new concept involving waste swapping is developing
in which industry trade associations, regional chambers of commerce, or
other groups serve as matchmakers for manufacturers trying to unload or
obtain chemical wastes. However, exchanges cannot make a significant
impact on overall waste management problems. For instance, in some
areas wastes generated do not have any potential for exchange. In a
soon to be published Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) stiady, it is
thought that the exchange of waste chemicals between firms may be an
attractive alternative for certain materials although other types of
treatment and disposal facilities are not going to be replaced. The EPA
study has focussed on the results of the current European
clearinghouses where only about 10 percent of offered wastes were
actually exchanged. A chemical's likelihood of being exchanged depends
upon transportation costs involve! and degree of contamination. EPA
hopes to encourage trade association sponsored clearinghouses;
governmental sponsorship is not considered a good idea.
(12) KEYWORDS: ASSOC; CHEMICAL; EPA; EUROPE; INDUSTRY; HANAGEHENT;
HABKET; RECLAMATION; BEGIONAL; BESEABCR
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS38165
(18) DOC.CIT.s Ricci, L. J. Chemical waste swapping: promising, but
no panacea. Chemical Engineering, 83(14):UU-48, July 5, 1976.
(1) SHIBS ACC.NO.: 038470
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUB J. TYPE: T (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The waste exchange systems, very popular in Europe
and in Japan, are discussed as important centers for exchanging
industrial residues.and information. Through their activity they promote
the reuse and recycling of substances which otherwise would be disposed
of as.wastes, and thus help to reduce the waste volume. The European
waste exchange centers are described and the problems arising in the
reuse and recycling of residues discussed. However, recycling is
21
-------
WASTE EXCHANGES1 AND CLEARINGHOUSES
counteracted by the careless mixing of different residues as well as by
the increasing tendency to more heterogenous products and materials, in
•odern waste economy the technical and economical factors are decisive
factors involved in reducing the waste volume, sparing resources and
protecting the environment. Accordingly, industry should be left'enough
rooa in this field to develop new means and concepts in free
enterprise. The concept of an international waste exchange program is
S°C12) KEYWORDS: DISCUSSION; EUKOPE; INDUSTRY; INTERNATIONAL; JAPAN;
MARKET; MIDDLE EAST; RECLAMAIION; RESIDUE; SYSTEM
M5) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS37514
(18) DOC.CIT.: Mueller, I. , and D. Schottelius. Waste exchange as
a solution to industrial waste problems. Israel Journal of Chemistry,
14:226-233, July 1975.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 037185
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
T.EAB: 1976 - .
(11) ABSTRACT: The waste exchange concept in aatenals recycling is
examined. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources sponsored a
conference in 1975 to discuss hazardous waste management aethods. The
outgrowth of the conference was *a task force appointed to study and
proaote the recovery of recyclable raw materials from the industrial
waste streaa. The St. Louis Industrial Waste Exchange was set up to
locate industrial wastes and provide a market forum with a view toward
avoiding waste disposal whenever possible and promoting recycling. In
the planning stages, two alternatives were open to the exchange: (1)-be
active in transactions; or (2) perform the function'of matching buyer
and seller and establish the basis for a trade relationship between
coapanies who have common interests in certain waste byproducts. The
latter alternative was chosen. The exchange has issued a comprehensive
industrial waste exchange list. WKen industrial waste.listings are
received, the exchange assigns each item a code number to which
inquiries are referred. Industrial wastes are also categorized as
available or wanted. Any fira who wishes to list an itea pays a fee of
$5. 00 per item which entitles -the listing to appear for a specified
length of tine.
(12) KEYWORDS: ASSOC; CONFERENCE; GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS; IHDUSIHY;
INFORMATION; MARKET; MISSOURI;- PLANNING; RECLAMATION; ST LOUIS.
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS36230
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hoyt, £. E. Hore spent acid than Heinz has pickles.
Haste Age, 7(«):24, 26, Apr. 1976.
(1) SKIRS ACC.NO.: 034676
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 . (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAH: 1975 * ' .
(11) ABSTRACT: Western Midlands (Great Britain) is organizing a
sub-regional waste material exchange. Factors involved in establishing
such an exchange include knowledge, experience, contacts, and the
industrialists' attitude. The efficiency of industrial handling of
wastes is often of poor quality. Industry can be near-sighted and
liaited in its attitudes. Ilie primary advantages of a. .successful
exchange are financial savings for the producing and using conpanies,
and environmental protection. While the exchange scheme is well under
nay, there are a few negative aspects; private enterprise tends to be
wary of having its competitors learn too much about its activities.
soae waste disposal contractors have not been thrilled by the exchange.
since the latter can make thea loose contEacts. One essential criterion
22
-------
ORGANIZATION
to be met if the exchange wants to prosper is an increase in publicity
aimed at the right people, while maintaining a strict level of
confidentaility. Western Midlands is justified in pointing out a
national scheme since there is a great range of materials on offer and
a favorable response to wanted materials. The dangers of expansion are
the possibility of having to change the techniques which were the cause
of the initial success. The county exchange project would recieve a
tremendous forward push if the Control of Pollution Act were applied.
Even without this legislation, the exchange has a very favorable start
and prospects for expansion.
(12) KEYWORDS: CENTRALIZED; ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENT; INDDSTHY; LAW;
MANAGEMENT; MARKET; PLANNING; PROCESS; RECLAMATION
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.; OOS33720
(18) DOC.CIT.: Support your local wastes exchange. Surveyor,
1U6 (43 39) :2 0-2 3, Aug. 8, 1975.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 03426U
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975 ;
(11) ABSTRACT: These articles discuss efforts being made to
establish a wastes exchange among companies in the St. Louis, Missouri
area and the anticipated ban on non-recyclable beverage bottles and
cans sold on Federal property. Chemical process companies with
operations in the'st. Louis area are working with State and Federal
agencies to develop an industrial was,te exchange among the companies.
The exchange would serve as a clearinghouse, providing lists of
available waste materials and solicitations for materials that might be
found in waste streams. Current efforts are directed at finding a
sponsor who would could be trusted to keep traste figures and
information confidential. The "o. S. Environmental 'Protection Agency is
considering a regulation banning the sale of non-returnable beverage
containers on Federal property. Both private, industry and other
governmental agencies are opposed .to the ban on the basis that it would
increase costs and reduce jobs.
(12) KEYWORDS: BOTTLE; CAN-F,OOD; CHEHJCAL; DISPOSABLES; ECONOMICS;
EPA; FEDERAL; INDUSTRY; MISSOURI; PROBLEMS; RECLAMATION; REGIONAL;
REGULATIONS; ST LOUIS; UTILIZS
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS33308
(18) DOC.CIT.: Top of the news: wastes exchange sought; no-deposits
a no-no? Chemical Week, 117(12):17, Sept. 17, 1975.
20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) FOB.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 033987
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY:
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the development of a data base
for the exchange and recycling of hazardous wastes. The Office of Solid
Baste Management Programs (OSwMP) of the U. . S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) believes that the implementation of the industrial waste
exchange concept provides a viable method for alleviating the hazardous
industrial wastes disposal problems in this country. The literature
indicates that industrial waste exchange clearinghouses have been
established in at least six European .countries in recent years. These
waste exchange clearinghouses are generally operated by a national
industrial association. Advertisements are used to make the
availability of wastes known, although'the source of the waste remains
confidential. At least one private firm in the United States has been
established as brokerage to expedite the exchange of wastes i:or its
customers. Although OSHMP does not intend to organize or manage an
23
-------
WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
industrial waste utilization clearinghouse at this time, it is funding
a study of the European waste clearinghouse and other institutional
arrangements through which a viable industrial waste utilization
exchange, and recycling program could be implemented in the United
States. It is suggested that the first American exchanges will probably
operate in specific regions rather than nationally as a result of the
high cost of transporting wastes long distances. A systematic
•ethodology will be developed to assess the potential uses for
industrial and waste streams and will be demonstrated for at least 50
industrial waste streams. A clearinghouse implementation program will
he also developed. (This document is retained in the SHIRS library. )
(12) KEYWORDS: DATA; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY;
HAHAGEMENT; OSHHP; PLANNING; PROBLEMS; RECLAMATION; RESEARCH; SYSTEM;
UTILIZE
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS33031
(18) DOC.CIT.: Porter, C. H. Development of a data base for the
exchange and recycling hazardous wastes. In proceedings; National
Conference on Management and Disposal of Residues from the treatment of
Industrial Wastewaters, Washington, D. C. , Feb. 3-5, 1975. Rockville,
Maryland, Inforaation Transfer, Inc. p. 261-263.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO. : 033446
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 16 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAfi; 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The United Kingdom Haste Materials Exchange was
recently set up by the Department o£ Industry in Great Britain as a
•eans of conserving energy. It is concerned with waste materials
originating froa manufacturing processes but excluding wastes from
domestic sources, second hand eguipment, and related materials .for
which adequate conmercial markets already exist. It hopefully will
assist in removing polluting materials froa the environment as well as
contributing to the conservation of resources. It will be operated
initially forv2.years by the Harren Spring Laboratory of the Department
of Industry and will be free to participants.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ENERGY; ENVIRONMENT; GREAT BRITAIN;
IHDUSTRY; POLLUTION; RECLAMAIIOH
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS32490
(18) DOC.CIT.: Leader. Mining Technology, 57(653):Mar. 1975.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 032980
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The Department of Industry of the British Government
has decided to set up a Haste Materials Exchange after consultations
with representatives of the chemical industries.. This exchange will
concern itself with materials resulting from manufacturing processes.
Household wastes and wastes from industry which already have
established aarkets would be excluded. The aims of the Exchange include
both environmental protection by reusing Materials that would otherwise
become pollutants and conservation scarce resources. For the first 2
years the Exchange will be run by the Department of Industry's Harren
Spring Laboratory. The function of the Exchange will be to collect and
publish information on available waste products and to forward such
information to interested buyers. & guarterly, bulletin will be
published and attempts are being made to see that it gets a wide
circulation. The use of the Exchange will be free, but participants are
leguested to keep the center informed of successes in order to
adequately sonitor performance. The National Industrial Materials
Recovery Association was set up by the British Government in 1942. It'
publishes inforaation about waste materials and used eguipment for
which markets already exist, therefore, differing from Exchange
Addresses for both these organizations are included.
(12) KEYWORDS: CENTRALIZED; CHEMICAL; EUROPE; FEDERAL; GOVERNMENT;
GREAT BRITAIN; INDUSTRY; MARKET; RECLAMATION
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS32024
(18) DOC.CIT.: U. K. Haste Materials Exchange. Solid Hastes,
61 (3): 122, Mar. 1975.
24
-------
Section 5
OPERATION AND PROCESSING
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 048230
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUbJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Waste exchange wins Ottawa support.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Canadian Chemical Processing
(10) LANGUAGE: EM (10) GEO. AUEA: 1CA (10) POP. YEAR: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: Utilizing processing wastes as feedstocks instead of
natural raw materials is feasible, but more information will need to be
exchanged between producers of waste and those who can use the
material. The Ontario Research Foundation (ORF), under a two year
program funded by Environment Canada, is gathering input (by nail) from
all industries. OBF will ask waste producers to provide data on their
materials and concurrently asu other processors to state what Kinds of
aaterials they need as feedstocks. Transport data will also be
requested, ftll the returns will be compiled by ORF staff and published
six times yearly in a new bulletin. This will be the first formalized
exchange in Canada operated solely as an information clearinghouse for
waste producers and potential users. The ORF bulletin will hare three
sections: waste available for sale, waste wanted, and waste
reprocessing and transportation services. All listings, except
reprocessing services, will bevconfidential. Hastes will be classified
under ten chemical categories and according to geographical region
where the waste is available or wanted. Total costs for operating the
exchange for the two year period are estimated to be between $102,000
and $136,000.
(12) KEYWORDS: CANADA; CHEMICAL; DATA; FEED; INFORMATION;
RECLAMATION
(14) HIERARCH TE8MS: 1PV ; 1BG
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS47283
(16) CITATION: 62(1) : 22, Jan. 1978.
(1) SBIRS ACC.NO.: 045821
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S; T
inJ 1 4R?I(rLf TITLE' Fermentation of waste aaterials to produce
industrial intermediates. ^ «»««-=
(4) AUTHOR: Compere AL
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Devts Indus Micro
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Production of usable products through fermentation
of wastes is considered, lihile methane can be produced, it is not
economically worthwhile. Lactic acid can be obtained through
S^?tatX?? °£ **?*? uhey; ion exciian9e technigues, using a benchscale
aerobic upflow packed bed reactor, are enployed in recovering the acid!
Additional acids, aore valuable than methane, can be produced by
fermentation: acetic, propionic, butyric, and succinic.
ECONOaICS; «"«*wio.; ION
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1AB/2AA; 1FD/2FY; 1PM; 1SB
25
-------
WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
$ DSOHElTIC:-SOD-:(2?3CATUY5 «' (2, SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
"ni/ABSIHACT- The nation's first industrial waste exchange has been
SI!
159(26) :70, Nov. 15, 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 034U61
(2) DOHESTIC: F C2) CATEGORY: 07 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975 ...
(11) ABSTRACT: The Department of Industry of Great Britain is
establishing a United Kingdom Haste Materials Exchange which will be
concerned with waste materials originating from manufacturing
processes, excluding domestic source wastes and second hand equipment
and scrap for which an adequate market .already exists. A registry of
the notifications of wastes for 'disposal and materials required is
beinq established which will fulfill two purposes. First, it is used in
the production of a quarterly bulletin, listing the materials for
distribution to the participants. Secondly, it can be used to produce
statistical analyses for the guantities available for a particular
•aterial, as well as the requirements for it. The Exchange will operate
initially for 2 years by the Warren Spring Laboratory of the Department
of Industry and is free to participants.
(12) KEYWORDS: GREAT BRITAIN; INDUSTRY; MANUAL; HAEKET;
RECLAMATION; REFUSE
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS33505
(18) DOC.CIT.s The UK waste materials exchange. Hater and Haste
Treataent, 18(6):16, June 1975.
SUBJ.TYPE: G
(1) SHIBS ACC.HO.: OU5085
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Haste exchange.
(6) JOURNAL TITLEj Australian Plastics and Rubber
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) QUO. AREA: IAO (10) PUB. YEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: To conserve raw materials and reduce demand ror
waste disposal space, recycling of waste in Australia is promoted. An
industrial waste exchange program is outlined,-which will put waste
generators in touch with the potential users of waste, successful
transactions will result as the waste generator will not have to pay
disposal costs, and the waste recipient will.save on raw materials
cost A reqister to record waste ofrered or needed is described*
02) KEYWORDS! AUSTRALIA; DISPOSAL; INDUSTRY; RECLAMATION; RBFOSB
(14) HIEHARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DL; 1IC/2JA; 1 SB
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS44131
(16) CITATION: 28(U):7, April 1977.
26
-------
Appendix A
ABBREVIATIONS
Administration
Agrarie
Agricultural
Agriculture
America(n)
Annals, Annali, Annales
Applied
Archiv (e, ee)
Association (cion) ' •
Australasian
Berichte
British • -
Buildings
Bulletin • •
Canada(ian)
Chemical, Chemistry
Company
Communication(s)
Control
Conservation Development
Deutschen
Corporation
Department
Division
Energy
Engineer(s)
Engineering
Environment
Environmental
Experimental
Government
Highway(s)
Incorporated
Indian
Industrial
Industry
Institute
Institution
International
Izvestiya
Japan
Japanese
Journal
Laboratory
Limited
Management
Manufacture(r)
Materials
Metallurgical, Metallurgy
Microbiology (ical, ia)
Mining
National
New
Number
Organization , • .
Packaging
Pollution
Proceedings
Production
Admin
Agra
Agric
Agri
Amer
Ann
Appl
Arch
Assoc
Austral
Ber
Brit
Bldg(s)
Bull
Can
Chem
Co
Comm
Contr
Conser Devt
Deutsch
Corp
Dept
Div
Ener
Engr (s)
Engrlng
Env
Environ
Eptl
Govt
Hgwy(s)
Inc
Indn
Indus
Ind
last
' Instit
Inter
Izv
Jpn
Jpnse
. J
Lab
Ltd
Manuf
Mater
Metall
Micro
Mng •
Natl
N
No.
Org
Pkg
Poll
Proc
Prod
27,
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Professional
Publication^)
Reclamation
Report(s)
Research
Resource
Review(s), Revue, Reviata
Service(s)
Science(s)
South
Technological
Technology, Technische, Techn-
ica, etc.
Toxicology
Transactions
Treatment
University and variations
United States
Water
Wissenschaftlichen
Zeitschrift
Zentrallblatt
Zhurnal
Prof
Pub(s)
Reclam
Rpt(s)
Rsch
Res
Rev
Svc(s)
Sci
S
Technol
Tech
Toxicol.
Trans
Trtmt
Univ
U.S. .
Wtr
Wissen
Zeit
Zent
Zh
28
-------
Appendix B
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS
acre (acre)
acre-foot (acre-ft)
centimeter (cm)
cubic centimeter (cu cm)
cubic foot (cu ft)
cubic inch (cu in)
cubic meter (cu m)
cubic meters per minute
(cu m/min)
cubic yard (cu yd)
ft (ft)
gallon (gal)
gallons per minute
(gal/min)
hectare (ha)
inch (in)
kilogram (kg)
meter (m)
millimeter (mm)
mile (mile)
newton (N)
one kilogram force (kgf)
one pound force (Ibf)
pascal (Pa)
pound (Ib)
pounds per square foot (psf)
pounds per square inch (psi)
square centimeter (siq cm)
square foot (sq ft)
square inch (sq in)
square kilometer (sq km)
square meter (sq m)
square mile (sq mile:)
square yard (sq yd)
ton (ton)
yard (yd)
Months of the Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
29
-------
Appendix C
LANGUAGE CODES
Language Coda
Mixed AA
Afrikaans AF
Albanian AL
Amharlc AR
Arabic AR
Armenian AE
Belorussian BE
(White Russian)
Bulgarian BIT
Burmese BR
Cambodian CA
Cantonese CH
Chinese CH
Croatian CR
Czech CZ
Danish DA
Dutch DO
English EN
Estonian ES
Finnish FI
Flemish FL
French FR
Georgian GE
German GM
Greek GR
Gujarat! GU
Hebrew HE
Hindi HI
Hindustani HI
Hungarian (Magyar) HU
Icelandic 1C
Indonesian MI
Italian IT
Japanese JA
Javanese JV
Kashmiri KA
Khmer CA
Kirundi KI
Korean KO
Latin LA
Latvian * LN
Lithuanian LI
Language
Lingala
Macedonian
Malayan
Malayalam
Malay-Indonesian
Malagasy
Maltese
Mandarin
Marathi
Mongolian .
Nepali
Ngala
Norwegian
Papuan
Persian
Polish
Portugese
Punjabi
Pustu
Romanian
Russian
Rwanda
Servian
Sinhalese
Slovak
Slovene
Somali
Spanish
Swahlli
Swedish
Tagalog
Tamil
Telugu
Thai
Tibetan
Turkish
Ukrainian
Urdu
Vietnamese
White Russian
Yiddish
Code
NG
MC
ML
MA
MI
MS
MT
CH-
MR
MO
HE
NG
NO
PA
PE
PO
PR
PU
PS
RO
RU
RW
SE
SI
SL
SV
SO
SP
sw
so
TA
TM
TE
TH
TI
TU
UK
UR
VI
BE
YI
30
-------
Appendix D
HIERARCHIC TERMS
1AC
1AG
ACCIDENT
(See also PETROCHEMICALS) :
AGRICULTURAL WASTES
(See also ANIMALS, MANURE, FOOD PROCESSING)
2C8 CROP RESIDUE
2LW LOGGING WASTES
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
1AI
AIR POLLUTION
2 AN
2C2
2DU
2FD
2IC
2IN
2LF
2SQ
ANALYSIS
CONTROL EQUIPMENT
DUMPS
FEEDLOTS
INCINERATOR
INDUSTRY
LAWS
SMOKE CONTROL
1AL
IAN
1AQ
1AS
1AU
ALGAE
CSee MICROORGANISM)
ANALYSIS
ANIMALS
(See also MANURE)
2CD CARCASS
2FD FEEDLOTS
2VC VECTOR CONTROL
ASH
2CN
2DP
2UT
AUTOMOBILES
2BU
2CL
2C6
2DP
21C
2LF
2QU
2RT
2TT
2UT
2VR
COMPOSITION
DISPOSAL
UTILIZATION
BURNING
COLLECTION
COSTS
DISPOSAL
INCINERATION
LAWS
QUANTITY
RAIL TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT
UTILIZATION
VOLUME REDUCTION
1AY
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
(See also AUTOMOBILES)
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
31
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
1BC
1BL
1BO
BACTERIA
CSee MICROORGANISMS)
1C?
1CH
BALING
2ET
2PD
2SC
BULKY WASTES
2CL
2DP
2TT
2UT
2VR
CELLULOSE
CHEMICALS
2 IN
EQUIPMENT
PAPER .
SCRAP METAL
COLLECTION
DISPOSAL
TRANSPORT
UTILIZATION
VOLUME REDUCTION
2PC"
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1CL
ICO
1CP
ICQ
COLLECTION
CSee also
2CJ
2CM
2CZ
2C1
2C6
2ET
2PR
2IN
2IW
2LP
2MY
2PH
2PQ
2RO
2RW
2TU
COMPACTION
2ET
COMPOST
2AN
2 HE
2MG
2UT
COMPOSTING
2CC
2CP
2C6
2DP
2ET
2HE
2IC
2IT
2LP
2MX
CONTAINERS)
CHUTE SYSTEMS
COMMERCIAL WASTES
CONTAINERS
CONTRACTORS
COSTS
EQUIPMENT
FREQUENCY
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
LAWS
MUNICIPAL WASTES
PERSONNEL
PNEUMATIC
ROUTES
RURAL AREAS
TRUCKS
EQUIPMENT
ANALYSIS
HEALTH AND SAFETY
MARKETS
UTILIZATION
CANNERY WASTES
CELLULOSE
COSTS
DISPOSAL
EQUIPMENT '•
HEALTH AND SAFETY
INCINERATION
INSTALLATIONS
LAWS
METHODS
32
-------
HIERARCHIC TERMS
2PD
2PS
2SI
2SP
PAPER
PROBLEMS
SEPARATION OF NON-ORGANICS
SLOOGB
1CT
IOC
COMPUTER
(So« MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING)
CONSTRUCTION
(S«« also DEMOLITION WASTES)
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3OT OTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1CZ
IDA
IDE
1DM
1DP
CONTAINERS
2DP
DISPOSAL
DAIRY (INDUSTRY)
DEEP WELL STORAGE
DEMOLITION WASTES
CSae also CONSTRUCTION)
DISPOSAL
(See also
2AG
2 CM
2C6
2DG
2FC
2HC
2EE
2 IN
2IW
2LF
2KX
2MY
2RP
2RV
INDIVIDUAL METHODS)
AGRICULTURAL WASTES
COMMERICAL WASTES
COSTS
DREDGING
FACILITIES
HAZARDOUS WASTE
HEALTH AND SAFETY
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
LAWS
METHODS
MUNICIPAL WASTES
RESEARCH
RURAL AREAS
1DR
1DU
1EC
1EI
DRUGS
(S«o also PHARMACEUTICAL WASTES)
DUMPS
2EL
2 HE
2LF
ELIMINATION
HEALTH AND SAFETY
LAWS
ECONOMICS
2C6 COSTS
2MG MARKETS
2TX TAXES
EDUCATION
2PB
2PO
2PV
PERSONNEL
PROFESSIONAL
PUBLIC
33
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
IBM
IBP
1ET
ENERGY
2EC
2RD
2UT
ECONOMICS
REFUSE DERIVED FUELS
UTILIZATION
1FE
1FI
1FL
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
EQUIPMENT
2AN ANALYSIS
2BR BALERS
2CL COLLECTION
2CO COMPACTION
2C3 CONVEYOR
2HM HAMMERMILLING
2MB MATERIALS HANDLING
2SD SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION
2SG SANITARY LANDFILL
2SI SEPARATORS - FITTERS
2SK SHEARING
2SL SHREDDING
2SU SPREADING
2TT TRANSPORTATION
2HT WASTEWATER TREATMENT (CONTROL EQUIPMENT)
FERTILIZER
CSe« also COMPOST, HAZARDOUS)
2DP DISPOSAL
2RF REFUSE DERIVED FERTILIZER
FIRE
FLY ASH
2AN
2DP
2MS
2RC
2SS
2UT
ANALYSIS
DISPOSAL
MINE STABILIZATION
RECOVERY OF CONSTITUENTS
SOIL CONDITIONER
UTILIZATION
3AR AGGREGATE
1FO
UPU
1GA
FOOD PROCESSING HASTES
2BG BAGASSE
2BK BAKERY
2BP BIOLOGICAL PROCESSTW
2BW BREWERY
2CC CANNERY
2CI CHEMICAL PROCESSING
2CK COFFEE
2DA DAIRY
2DP DISPOSAL
2FR FRUITS
2GF GRAIN AND-FEED CROPS
2MF MEAT PACKING PLANTS
2MP MECHANICAL PROCESSING
2MU MOLASSES
2PA POULTRY
2SE SEAFOOD
2SO SLAUGHTERHOUSE
2SX SUGAR
2UT UTILIZATION
2VG VEGETABLE
FUNGI
CSaa MICROORGANISMS)
CABBAGE GRINDING
34
-------
HIERARCHIC TERMS
1GL
GLASS
2 IN
2PC
1GR
1GW
1HC
1HE
1HH
1HO
1HS
INDUSTRIAL PASTES
3DP DISPOSAL- •
3PT PROCESSING
30T f OTILIZATION
POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
GRANTS ;
GROUND WATER
HAZARDOUS WASTES , ,•
(See also RADIOACTIVE WASTES", HOSPITALS, PESTICIDES)
2AN ANALYSIS
2DP DISPOSAL-••••.-
2PT PROCESSING
HEALTH ANC SAFETY '
HEAT RECOVERY :•:• . , ,
CSee INCINERATION) - -
HOG FEEDING
HOSPITALS
(See also INSTITUTIONAL WASTES; HAZARDOUS WASTES)
2CL
2DI
2DP
2HE
2IC
COLLECTION
DISPOSABLE ITEMS
DISPOSAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY
INCINERATION.
1IC
INCINERATION
(See also SPECIFIC WASTES)
2AI AIR POLLUTION
2CM COMMERCIAL WASTES
2CQ COMPOSTING
2C6 COSTS
2EM EMISSIONS
2ET EQUIPMENT .
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
2IW INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
2LF LAWS
2MC MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
2MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
20S ON SITE
2PE PLANT DESIGN.
2PG PLANT OPERATION
2PS PROBLEMS
2RS RESIDUE
2SD SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION
2WA WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION
2WE WATER POLLUTION • -
INCINERATOR . . , .'
2FB FLUIDIZED BED
2OP OPEN PIT
2RK ROTARY KILN . • . .
2SP SLUDGE
2ST SPECIAL PURPOSE
35
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE HANAGEMEHT
1IH
IIS
1IW
1LC
1LD
1LF
INDUSTRIAL WASTES . _„„,*,.,»
(See also SPECIFIC INDUSTRY, SPECIFIC TREATMENT METHODS)
2AM ANALYSIS
2BP BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
2CG CENTRALIZED DISPOSAL PLANTS
2CI CHEMICAL PROCESSING
2C6 COSTS
2EF EFFLUENT CHARGES
2LF LAWS
2MP MECHANICAL PROCESSING
2MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
2PY PYROLYSIS
2SJ SEWAGE
2TT TRANSPORTATION
2UT UTILIZATION
INSECTS
INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
LAGOONS
LAND RECLAMATION
CS«» «aso MINES, SANITARY LANDFILL)
LAWS
2CL
2DP
2ER
2FF
2IB
2MB
2SW
COLLECTION
DISPOSAL
ENFORCEMENT
FEDERAL
INTERNATIONAL
MUNICIPAL
STATE
ILE'
ILK
1LU
T "EACH ATE
CSee also SANITARY LANDFILL, WATER POLLUTION)
LITTER
2CB
2C6
2RJ
LUMBER
2IN
2 PC
IMA
CAMPAIGNS
COST OF REMOVAL
RECREATION AREAS
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3OT yriLlZATlOK
MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
2C7 COUNTY
2FF FEDERAL
2IB INTERNATIONAL
2MB MUNICIPAL
2Jtl REGIONAL
2RW RURAL
2SW STATE
2TQ TECHNIQUES
36
-------
HIERARCHIC TEPMS
1MB
MANURE
CSee also ANIMALS)
203
2 HE
2PA
2PT
2SL
2SN
2SZ
2UT
CATTLE
HEALTH AND SAFETY
POULTRY
PROCESSING
SHEEP
STORAGE
SWINE
UTILIZATION
IMG
1MI
MARKETS
1MK
1MM
1MO
1MR
1MT
1MV
1MY
1NO
IOC
METAL, FERROUS
2EC ECONOMICS
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3OT UTILIZATION
2SC SCRAP
2SN SLAG
2SY SWARF
METAL, NON-FERROUS
2AM ALUMINUM
2C4 COPPER
2EC ECONOMICS
2HV HEAVY
2LB LEAD
2NI NICKEL
2PK PRECIOUS METALS
2TI TIN
2ZI ZINC
MICROORGANISMS
MINERALS
MINES
CSee also LAND RECLAMATION)
MINING INDUSTRY
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
MONITORING
MUNICIPAL WASTES
(See also REFUSE)
2CO COMPACTION
2DP DISPOSAL
2SH SEPARATION
2TT TRANSPORT
2UT UTILIZATION
NOISE
OCEAN DISPOSAL
2AG AGRICULTURAL WASTES
2CM COMMERCIAL WASTES
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
37
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
2IW
2IX
2MY
2SP
INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
INTERNATIONAL CONTROL
MUNICIPAL WASTES
SLUDGE.
1OF
lOIi
IPS
1PD
IFF
1PH
1PJ
1PL
1PN
1PP
1PR
ODOR CONTROL
OIL
PACKAGING WASTES
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT; ' 'UTILIZATION
PAPER AND PULP
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2NE NEWSPAPERS
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
- • • 3UT" UTILIZATION
PATHOGENIC WASTES
PERSONNEL ' '
PESTICIDES
PETROCHEMICALS
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT ' UTILIZATION
2OI ' OIL SPILLS
2PC • ' ' ' POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT , UTILIZATION
PHARMACEUTICAL WASTES
PLANNING »";',"
1PT
1PV
PLASTICS
2IN
2PC
PROCESSING
'INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
'3PT' PROCESSING
• 3UT UTILIZ AT ION
POST CONSUMER WASTES
"3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1RD
PUBLIC:RELATIONS
CSee EDUCATION)
PYROLYSIS
(See also INCINERATION)
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
(See also -HAZARDOUS WASTES)
3S
-------
TEEMS
2UP
2SW
DISPOSAL
STORAGE
1R6
1RJ
1RM
1PN
1RP
1RR
1RU
RECLAMATION
(See SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION)
4
RECREATIONAL AREAS
(See also LAND RECLAMATION)
REDUCTION
REFUSE
(See also SPECIFIC TYPES)
2CA CALORIFIC VALUE
2CO COMPOSITION -.
2QU QUANTITY
RESEARCH
(See SPECIFIC TOPICS; GRANT)
RESOURCE RECOVERY
RUBBER
2 IN
2PC
2TS
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
TIRES
1SB
ISO
1SF
1SG
SAFETY ;
(See HEALTH ASD SAFETY)
SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION
(See also SPECIFIC TYPES)
SAND
SANITARY LANDFILL
(See also LAND RECLAMATION; SPECIFIC WASTES)
2CQ
2C6
2DC
2DS
2ET
2GS
2GW
2MC
2OE
2RL
2SL
2SO
COMPOSTING
COSTS
DECOMPOSITION
DESIGN.
EQUIPMENT
GAS5ES
GROUND WATER
MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
OPERATIONS
REGULATIONS
SHREDDING
SITES
1SI
1SJ
SEPARATION
2CH CHEMICAL
2LS LIQUID-SOLID
2MD MECHANICAL
2ML METAL
2MX METHODS
2RN REFUSE
SEWAGE
(See also SLUDGE)
2AN ANALYSIS
39
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
1SL
ISM
ISO
ISP
2BP
2C1
2C6
2KB
21?
2HP
2TT
SHREDDING
BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
CHEMICAL PROCESSING
COSTS
HEALTH AND SAFETY
IRRADIATION PROCESSING
MECHANICAL PROCESSING
TRANSPORTATION
SLAG
CSea METAL,
FERROUS)
1SR.
1ST
ISO
1SW
SLAUGHTERHOUSE
(Sa« FOOD PROCESSING WASTES)
SLUDGE
(See also INDUSTRIAL WASTES)
2AN ANALYSIS
2BP BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
2CI CHEMICAL PROCESSING
2C6 COSTS
2DP DISPOSAL
2ET EQUIPMENT
2HS HEALTH AND SAFETY
2HP HEAT PROCESSING
2IP IRRADIATION PROCESSING
2MP MECHANICAL PROCESSING
2TT TRANSPORTATION
2UT UTILIZATION
SNOW REMOVAL
SOIL
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
STORAGE
2CZ
2C6
2LF
2MX
2SO
CONTAINERS
COSTS
LAWS
METHODS
SITES
1SX
1SY
1SZ
ITS
1TE
STREET CLEANING
SURVEYS
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
CSee MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING)
TANNERY WASTES
TEXTILES
2IN
2PC
1TM
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
TOXIC MATERIALS
(See also HAZARDOUS WASTES)
40
-------
HIERARCHIC TEEMS
1TR TRANSFER STATIONS
(So* also COLLECTION)
ITT TRANSPORTATION
(So* also SPECIFIC WASTES)
2C6 COSTS
2MX METHODS
2PM PIPELINES
2PQ PNEUMATIC
2RB RAILROADS
2SN SHIPS
2TX TRUCKS
1TV TREATMENT
(Set* PROCESSING)
iTY TREES
(See BULKY WASTES; LUMBER)
1VC VECTOR CONTROL
(See ANIMALS; INSECTS)
1VG VEGETATION
1VR VOLUME REDUCTION
1WE WATER POLLUTIOM
(See also GROUND WATER)
2AG AGRICULTURAL WASTES
2AN ANALYSIS
2CM COMMERCIAL WAS-^ES
2C2 CONTROL EQUIPMENT
2EC ECONOMICS
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2JN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
2LF LAWS
2MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
2SJ SELVAGE
1WO WOOD
(See LUMBER)
41
-------
Appendix E
GEOGRAPHIC CODES
1AF Africa
IAN Antarctica
IAS Asia
1AU Australia
1CA Canada
1CB Caribbean
1EU Europe
IMA Marshall Islands
1MB Mexico
1MI Middle East
1N2 New Zealand
ISA South America
ISO Soviet Union
1US United States
2AA Alabama
2AC Alaska
2AE Alberta
2AG American Samoa
2AI Arizona
2AN Argentina
2AR Arkansas
2AS Austria
2BE Belgium
2BI Brazil
2BR British Columbia
2CA California
2CH China (Mainland)
2CI China (Taiwan)
2CO Colorado
2CT Connecticut
2CZ. Czechoslovakia
2DE Delaware
2DN Denmark
2DT District of Columbia
2FI Finland
2FL . Florida
2FR France
2GB Gabon
2GE Georgia
2GM Germany (East)
2GN Germany (West)
2GU Guam
2HI Hawaii
2HK Hong Kong
2HU Hungary
2IA Idaho
211 Illinois
2IL India
2IN Indiana
2IO Indonesia
2IQ Iowa
2IR Ireland
2IS Israel
2IT Italy
2JM Jamaica
2JP Japan
2KS ' Kansas
2Ky Kentucky
2LE Lebanon
2LI Libya
2LT Lithuania
2LU Louisiana
2MA Maine
2MO Maryland
2MH Massachusetts
2MI Melbourne
2MJ Michigan
2MN Minnesota
2MP Mississippi
2MR Missouri
2MT Montana
2MB Nebraska
2NE Nepal
2NF Netherlandis
2NG Nevada
2NH New Hampshire
2NJ New Jersey
2NM New Mexico
2NQ New York
2NR North Carolina
2NT North Dakota
2NY Norway
2OH Ohio
2OK Oklahoma
2ON Ontario
2OR Oregon
2FC Pakistan
2PE Pennsylvania
2PJ Peru '
2PL Poland
2PR Puerto Rico
2RI Rhode Island
2SA Saskatchewan
2SF South Africa
2SI South Carolina
2SK South Dakota
2SP Spain
2SR Sweden
2SU Switzerland
2SY Sydney
2TA Tasmania
2TE Tennessee
2TK Texas
2TN Thailand
2UG Uganda
2UK United Kingdom
2UT Utah
2VA Venezuela
2VE Vermont
2VI Victoria
2VN Virginia
2VR Virgin Islands
2WA Washington
2WR West Virginia
2WW Wisconsin
2WY Wyoming
2YU Yugoslavia
3AI Aiken
3AK Akron
42
-------
GEOGRAPHICAL
3AL Albany
3AM Ames
3AS Amsterdam
3AT Atlanta
3BA Baltimore
3BC Bangkok
3BI Basel
3BK Barking
3BL Bavaria
3BN Berkeley
3BR Berlin
3BS Birmingham
3BT Boston
3BV Bridgeport
3BW Broward
3CA Calumet
3CD Caroden
3CF Casteljaloux
3CI Cheshire
3CJ Chicago
3CN Cincinnati
3CP Cleveland
3CT Clinton
3CU Columbus
3CY cook
3CZ Czestochowa
3DE Denver
3DI Detroit
3DN Dublin
3DT Duluth
3DU Dusseldorf
3EB Ebingen
3ED Edinburgh
3EK Elk Creek
3EM Elmira
3EY Ely
3FB Fairbanks
3FI Finham
3FL Flagstaff
3FN Frankfort
3FR Franklin
3SA St. Croix
3SC St. Joseph
3SD St. Louis
3SE St. Paul
3SG St. Petersburg
3SI San Diego
3SN San Francisco
3SO Santa Ana
3SP Santa Barbara
3SR Savannah
3ST Stockholm
3SU Stuttgart
3TA Tel Aviv
3TC Tocks Island
3TK Tokyo
3TN Toronto
3TO Trenton
3TR Tripoli
3TU Tucson
3VC Venice
3GA Gainesville
3GE Geneva
3GL Glasgow
3HA Hague
3HF Haifa
3HG Hamburg
3HJ Hanford
• 3HL Harlem
3HM Hartford
3HO Honolulu
3HR Hopewell
3HU Houston
3IT Ithaca
3JE Jerusalem
3JH Johannesburg
3JP Joplin
3KC Kansas City
, -3KH Karlsruhe
3KN Knox
3KS KOSOVO
3KW Kracow
3LC Lancaster
3LI Lima
3LL Liverpool
3LO London
3LS Los Angeles
3LY Lycoming
3MA Madras
3MD Madrid
3MH Manchester
3MI Maui
3ML Melbourne
3MM Miami
3MO Milwaukee
3MP Minneapolis
3MR Mobile
3MT Montgomery
3MU Munich
3MY Muskegon
3NA Nashville
3ND New Delhi
3NL New Orleans
3NO New York City
3NR Niagara
3NU Nurnberg
3OC Ochtrup
3OT Ottawa
3PA Paris
3PC Passaic
3PH Philadelphia
3PN Phoenix
3PS Pinellas
3PW Piscataway
3RC Rochester
3RO Rocky Flatai
3VE Ventura
3VI Virginia Beiach
3WA Walcheren
3WE Weidenau-Geiisweid
3WK West Nyack
3WM Willamette River
3WY Winnebago
3YO Yosemite
3ZU Zurich
43
-------
Appendix F
DOCUMENT CATEGORY CODES
01 AGRICULTURAL WASTES
Crop residues
Manure
Timber/other vegetation
02 ANALYSIS OF SOLID WASTE
Data
03 AUTOMOBILES
04 BULKY WASTES
05 COLLECTION
06 COMPOST
07 DISPOSAL
08 ECONOMICS
Disposal costs
Financing facilities
Pollution control costs
Marketing information
Taxes and incentives
09 HAZARDOUS WASTES
10 HEALTH/SAFETY
11 INCINERATION
12 INDUSTRIAL WASTES
13 INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
14 LAWS/REGULATIONS
.15 LITTER
16 MANAGEMENT
Municipal
Regional
Rural
State
17 OCEAN DISPOSAL
18 PACKAGING
19 PROCESSING/REDUCTION
20 RECYCLING
Incinerator residue
Industrial wastes
Mining wastes
Municipal refuse.
Scrap metal
21 RESEARCH
22 SANITARY LANDFILL
23 SEPARATION
24 SLUDGE
25 STORAGE
26 STREET CLEANING
27 TRAINING, EDUCATION,
PUBLIC RELATIONS
28 TRANSPORT
29 SOURCE REDUCTION
30 ENERGY
Demand, for solid waste
management
Fuel from wastes
Heat utilization from
incineration
uol787d
SW-784
1 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1979 -281-147/131
44
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EPA REGIONS
U.S. EPA, Region 1
Solid Waste Program
John F. Kennedy Bldg.
Boston, MA 02203
617-223-5775
U.S. EPA, Region 2
Solid Waste Section
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 1Q007
212-264-0503
U.S. EPA, Region 3
Solid Waste Program
6th and Walnut Sts.
Philadelphia, PA 19106
215-597-9377
U.S. EPA, Region 4
Solid Waste Program
345 Courtland St., N.E.
Altanta, GA 30308
404-881-3016
U.S. EPA, Region 5
Solid Waste Program
230 South Dearborn St.
Chicago, IL 60604
312-353-2197
U.S. EPA, Region 6
Solid Waste Section
1201 Elm St.
Dallas, TX 75270
214-767-2734
U.S. EPA, Region 7
Solid Waste Section
1735 Baltimore Ave.
Kansas City, MO 64108
816-374-3307
U.S. EPA, Region 8
Solid Waste Section
1860 Lincoln St.
Denver, CO 80295
303-837-2221
U.S. EPA, Region 9
Solid Waste Program
215 Fremont St.
San Francisco, CA 94105
415-556-4606
U.S. EPA, Region 10
Solid Waste Program
1200 6th Ave.
Seattle, WA 98101
206-442-1260
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