EPA
Hazardous Wastes
Information
lies for
vners and
erators
Hazardous
iste
cilities
i ',' ,
Facility
Standards
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) requires
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to institute a national
program to control hazardous waste. Specific regulations for carrying
out RCRA are set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR
Parts 260 to 266 and 122 to 124). The program becomes effective 6 months
following promulgation of the regulation identifying and listing hazardous
wastes (Part 261). This regulation includes a list of waste sources, waste
streams, and some .specific wastes that are hazardous, as well as four
characteristics of a hazardous waste.
I .''''" ''':'. -
The keystone of the program is control of hazardous waste from
point of generation through treatment, storage, and ultimate disposal
via transportation manifests and reporting. The control system starts
when those who generate, transport, treat, store, or dispose of hazardous
wastes notify EPA as required by section 3010 of RCRA. After receiving
notification, EPA assigns an identification number to the notifier. Anyone
engaged in transporting:, treating, storing, or disposing of hazardous waste
who does not notify EP'lA. during the 90-day period following promulgation
of the regulation identifying hazardous wastes may not begin or continue
operation after the effective date of the regulations without obtaining
an EPA identification number.
Owners and operators of facilities that treat, store, or dispose of
hazardous waste must comply with the standards promulgated under section
3004 of RCRA (40 CFR Parts 264 or 266). The regulations under this
section, which set standards for hazardous waste facilities, serve a threefold
purpose: i
jn. '
to establish proper treatment, storage, and disposal practices
to provide States with minimum standards in order to receive
EPA approval (required under section 3006 of RCRA) for this facet
of their hazardous waste programs
to provide the technical basis for EPA-issued facility permits
(required under section;3005 of RCRA) in States that do not operate
a RCRA program ,
$> .; "" '. '
EPA is promulgating standards for hazardous waste facilities in two
phases: Phase IInterim Status Standards (in the spring of 1980) and
Phase IIPermanent Status Standards (in the fall of 1980). The Interim
Status Standards provide facilities with temporary authority to continue
their operations, upon notifying EPA and obtaining an identification number.
This temporary authority will be effective until promulgation of the Perma-
nent Status Standards.
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₯ i,, ,,11,,,!,;. ;iij i,;- ^.-.^ .v ,,, i :;v;,,« ^, 'i, E »,;;; >«^^^^^^^^^^^^ Adminjstrativie and nontechnical r eguire m ents:
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general
waste analysis: detailed chemical and physical analyses,
waste analysis plan, specific requirements for each facility
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^iliMilfy^ ^ificial or natural barrier with controlled entry
:,;,;,:,: : :,,,,;,::;,,;: :;::,:,::..-; :::; ;,::;:;::;:;;::;:;,:;;;:;;;:;<§£ 24-hour survei|lance,"and warning signsi/
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persorinel ''training'
iriiiT'i,,=r^
^classrppm or pn^the-|pb training, annual review of initial
i ...I ,- i training, records'on personnel "training
"":"'"' "'' '"' pr^baridHe'ss Irid" pre"vintion
! nrumi /iii:,"1"!
eyention
^ralarm system and emergency equipment; access to same
i' ii is.' in ^affa*nfe'mfent§ with'local emergency" authorities
I,11;' ;,";,;,, ;;,I;";'";,;':;;,l';i,li,;,,,'"';;"^^,;3lsgn|in"gericy' plan, em" ergericy prp'c" ediires', 'and"emergency coordinator
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2. General facility requirements (Phase I):
general operating requirements
special requirements for ignitable, reactive, and incompatible wastes
ground-water monitoring (monitoring system to be in operation
by November 1981)
closure and postclosure plans: estimate of costs and description
of how facility will be closed, notice of facility closure, and
postclosure monitoring and maintenance
3. Specific facility requirements:
disposal of liquids in landfills or containers
control of runoff from waste piles, land treatment, and landfills
(controls to be in operation by November 1981)
land-treatment facilities monitoring and restrictions on growing
foodchain crops
incinerators and treatment facilities
underground injection
i
Permanent Status Standards (Part 265) for permitted facilities, to be
promulgated as Phase II in autumn 1980.
General facility requirements will include technical, monitoring,
closure and postclosure, and financial requirements. The facility permit
regulation under section 3005 of RCRA becomes effective and processing
of permit applications begins at this time.
Also to be promulgated as part of Phase II are Selective Standards
for Uranium and Phosphate Radioactive Wastes and for Waste Oil (Part 266).
This Part will consist of restrictions on the uses of these wastes and
closure requirements.
:; F:
Further technical refinements will be promulgated by EPA intermittently
over a period of years. These will include resolution of complex technical
issues and reproposal and promulgation of more definitive Phase II standards,
for example, specific design or operating standards for incinerators and
landfills. The technical refinements may also include standards for specific
industries and wastes which require tailored standards.
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