Wednesday
 June 3, 1987
Part  IV



Environmental

Protection  Agency

40 CFR Parts 260, 265, and 270
Permitting Mobile Hazardous-Waste
Treatment Units and Delisting Hazardous
Wastes; Tentative Response to Petition:
Proposed Rule

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    20914
Federal  Register / Vol. 52. No. 106 / Wednesday. June  3, 1987  /  Proposed R..I..
    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
    AGENCY

    40 CFR Parts 260, 265, and 270
    (FRL-3169-9J

    Permitting Mobile Hazardous-Waste
    Treatment Units and Delisting
    Hazardous Wastes

   AGENCY: Environmental Protection
   Agency (EPA).
   ACTION: Tentative response to petition:
   Proposed rule.

   SUMMARY: This notice provides the
   Environmental Protection Agency's
   (EPA) tentative response to a petition
   submitted by the Hazardous Waste
   Treatment Council (HWTC) under
   section 7004(a) of the Resource
   Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
   (42 U.S.C. 6974(a)J and 40 CFR 260.20.
   The HWTC petition requested that EPA
   propose modified permitting procedures
   and other regulations to facilitate the
   use of mobile treatment units (MTUs) in
   the treatment of hazardous wastes. The
  notice also addresses recommendations
  on MTU permitting developed by the
  National Hazardous Waste Forum on
  Transportable Treatment Units, held in
  February and April 1988.
    In this response. EPA is proposing
  specific language under § 270.66 to
  expedite permitting of MTUs. In
  addition, the Agency is proposing
  alternative delisting procedures under
  §§2/0.22 and 270.32(f). under which
  delisting can occur as part of the
  permitting process. This incorporation of
  delisting into the permitting process
  would be available for all types of
  facilities.
   This notice also solicits comment on
  HWTC's request that certain "low-risk"
  treatment technologies be conditionally
 exempted from permitting, and it
 tentatively denies other parts of the
 petition.
   Finally. EPA proposes to amend the
 definition of "designated facility" in 40
 CFR 260.10.
 DATE: EPA will accept comments from
 the public until August 3,1967.
 ADDRESSES: Members of the public must
 submit an original and two copies of all
 their comments to: EPA RCRA Docket   .
 (S-212). 401 M Street SW.. Washington,
 DC 20460. Communications should
 identify the docket number F-87-PMTU-
 FFFF. The EPA RCRA docket is located
 at the U.S. Environmental Protection
 Agency. Sub-basement. 401M Street
 SW., Washington. DC 20460. The docket
 is open  from 9:00-4:00 Monday through
Friday, except for Federal holidays. To
review docket materials, the public must
                        make an appointment by calling 475-
                        9327. The public may copy a maximum
                        of 50 pages from any one regulatory
                        docket at no cost. Additional copies cost
                        $.20 per page.

                        FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                        RCRA hotline at (800) 424-9346 (in
                        Washington. DC, call 382-3000) or Robin
                        Anderson. (202) 382-4498. Office of Solid
                        Waste (WH-563). U.S. Environmental
                        Protection Agency. Washington. DC
                        20460.
                        SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                        Preamble Outline
                        I. Authority
                        II. Background
                        A. RCRA Permitting and MTUs
                        B. National Hazardous Waste Forum on
                           Transportable Treatment Units
                        C. Hazardous Waste Treatment Council
                           Petition
                         1. Permitting Procedures
                         2. Delisting
                         3. Regulatory Exclusions
                       D.  RCRA Regulations Governing Petitions
                       III. Analysis of EPA Tentative Response
                       A.  Summary of Response
                       B. Permitting Procedures for MTUs
                        1. EPA Proposal
                        2. HWTC Alternative
                        3. Definition of Facility and Corrective
                           Action
                       C. Delisting Procedures
                        1. Background
                        2. Current Procedures
                        3. Proposed Approach
                        4. Specific Information Requirements
                        5. Establishing Permit Conditions for
                          Delisting
                        6. Public Notice and Comment
                        7. Modification to the General Rulemaking
                          Petition Process
                        8. Other Regulatory Changes
                      D. Regulatory Exclusions
                        1. Background
                        2. UniU Suggested for Exclusion from
                          RCRA Permitting
                        3. Conditions for Exclusion
                        4. Evaluation of Risk Posed  by Suggested
                          Units
                        5. Permit Modification Approach
                      IV. Other Issues
                      A. Class Permits
                      b. Permits by Rule
                      C. Preconstruction Ban
                      D. Other MTU Activities
                        1. MTUs at RCRA Permitted Facilities
                        2. Activities at Interim Status Facilities
                        3.  Regulatory Exclusions from RCRA
                          Permitting
                      V. Definition of Designated Facility
                     .VI. State Authority   	„_	„	__..
                      A. Applicability of Rules in Authorized States
                      B. Effect on State Authorizations
                      VTI. Regulatory Analysis
                      A. Regulatory Impact Analysis
                      B. Regulatory Flexibility Act
                      C. Paperwork Reduction Act

                      I. Authority

                        This tentative response is issued
                      under the authority of sections 2002,
                      3001, 3004, 3005. and 7004 of the Solid
   Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the
   Resource Conservation and RecoveYy
   Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 6912 6921
   6294, 6295. and 6974.

   II. Background

  A. RCRA Permitting and MTUs

    Subtitle C of RCRA creates a cradle-
  to-grave waste management system
  designed to ensure that hazardous waste
  is identified and safely transported,
  stored, treated, and disposed of. Section
  3001 of RCRA requires EPA to identify
  which wastes are hazardous, while
  sections 3002 and 3003 require EPA to
  promulgate standards for generators and
  transporters of hazardous waste. In
  addition, section 3004 requires owners
  and operators of treatment, storage, and
  disposal facilities to comply with
  standards "necessary to protect human
  health and the environment." These
  standards are generally implemented
  through permits issued by EPA or
  authorized states.
   Under  section 3005(a) of RCRA.
  facilities  that treat, store, or dispose of
  hazardous wastes must be permitted in
  accordance with the section 3004
  standards. However, recognizing that
  permitting could be a lengthy process,
  Congress created "interim status" for
  facilities  that were in existence on the
  effective  date of EPA's permitting
 regulations (November 19,1980) or on
 the date of any statutory or regulatory
 change which subjects a facility to the
 RCRA permit requirements. Under
 section 3005(e). owners and operators of
 hazardous waste treatment, storage, and
 disposal facilities in existence on that
 date (i.e.,  on November 19,1980 or on
 the date of any statutory or regulatory
 change that subjects the facility to
 RCRA permitting) who submit a Part A
 permit application and a section 3010
 notification are treated as having been
 issued permits. Until an authorized state
 or EPA takes final action on their'permit
 applications, these facilities must
 comply with the interim status
 standards established by EPA.
   Permits  must be issued according to
 the procedures established in 40 CFR
Parts 124 and 270. Under these
procedures, EPA must develop a draft
permit applying the section 3004* -
standards  (as codified in 40 CFR Parts
264 and 269). give local notice of the
draft permit, allow a 45-day comment
period, and hold a local hearing, if
requested, before it may issue a permit.
In addition to applying Part 264
standards  to the specific unit in which
hazardous waste is managed, the permit
must also include a schedule of
compliance for addressing the corrective

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                    Federal Register / Vol. 52, No. 106  / Wednesday. June  3. 1S87  /  Proposed Rules
     action requirements of section 3004(u) of
     RCRA. This section requires facilities
     seeking a permit after November 8, 1984
     to address releases of hazardous waste
     or hazardous constituents from "solid
     ^aste management units" elsewhere on
     the facility.
       "Hazardous wastes" are defined by
     EPA in 40 CFR Part 261. In particular,
     wa,st,es are considered hazardous if they
     exhibit one or more of the hazardous
     waste characteristics or are specifically
     listed; in addition, any mixture of a solid
     waste and a listed hazardous waste and
    any residue derived from the treatment
    storage, or disposal of a listed    -
    hazardous waste is also considered a
    hazardous waste.1 However, persons
    may petition the Agency under §§ 260 20
    aid 260.22 to exclude or delist a waste
    produced by a particular facility. If a
    listed waste, mixture containing a listed
    waste, or a treatment residue derived
    from a listed waste meets the criteria
   spelled out in these regulations, EPA
   will delist it from the list of hazardous
   wastes.
     Taken together, EPA's hazardous
   waste regulations provide
   comprehensive protection from risks
   associated with the treatment, storage,
   and disposal of hazardous waste. These
   regulations, however, were primarily
   developed with stationary units in mind.
   ESA recognizes that they are not well
   suited, in certain respects, to mobile
   treatment units (MTUs), which are
  designed to move from facility to facility
  traating waste on-site. In particular, the
  regulations now require MTUs to
  undergo a full-scale permitting
  pr ocedure at each site of operation,
  requiring  basic issues of unit design and
  operation to be readdressed at each
  location. EPA believes that this
  requirement provides a significant
  disincentive to the use of MTUs and,
  more broadly, to the treatment of
  hazardous wastes. In addition,  the
  current delisting regulations make it
  d.fficult for potential users of MTUs (or
  any other  treatment technology) to know
 whether a specific treatment will yield a
 waste that will not need to be regulated
 as a hazardous waste. This uncertainty
 a!so discourages hazardous waste
 treatment. Therefore, in today's notice.
 which responds to a petition from the
 Hazardous Waste Treatment Council
 (HWTC), EPA proposes to amend its
 regulations to expedite MTU permitting
  1 Mixtures of solid waste or characteristic
hazardous waste or residues derived from the
treatment, storage. or disposal of characteristic
waste are also considered hazardous, unless these
mixtures or residues no longer exhibit any of the
hazardous waste characteristics.
    and to integrate the delisting procedure
    into the permit review process.
      These amendments are important
    because of the need for alternatives to
    land disposal of hazardous waste—
    established as national policy in the
    RCRA Hazardous and Solid Waste
    Amendments (HSWA) of 1984—and the
    anticipated lack of hazardous waste
    treatment capacity. In particular, the
    HSWA ban on land disposal of
    untreated solvents and dioxins (51 FR
    405/2, November 7,1988) places an
    immediate strain on treatment capacity.
    This strain will increase significantly in'
    the next few years as the land disposal
    restrictions apply to the other hazardous
    wastes.  In addition, the corrective action
    authorities of HSWA (sections 3004(u)
   3004(v),  and 3008{h) of RCRA) not only
   add to the volume of hazardous wastes
   that must be managed, but create a need
   for innovative and flexible strategies for
   the treatment of these wastes. Similarly
   the expanded Superfund program under'
   the Superfund Amendments and
   Reauthorization Act of 1988, with its
   emphasis on alternative treatment
   technologies and permanent remedies
   will place new demands on the nation's
   treatment capacity.
    EPA believes that mobile treatment
  technologies, if appropriately used and
  regulated, can play a significant role in
  achieving the goals of HSWA. Mobile
  technologies can be adapted to the full
  range of treatment processes, from
  simple physical pretreatment in tanks to
  full-scale  incineration. They may
  involve single tank trucks that can be
  quickly put into operation at a site. or. in
  the case of certain incinerators, they
  may consist of several large modules
  that can take a few months to install.
  The time they remain at a site may vary
  from a few weeks to years, depending
  on the type of unit and nature of the
  treatment  operation.
   These mobile technologies provide
 significant flexibility to industry in
 selecting among treatment technologies
 in pretreating wastes before treatment
 at on-site units, and in reducing waste
 volume before shipping. They are also
 particularly well adapted to cleanup
 activities, corrective action, and closure
 of hazardous waste facilities. At the
 same time, they may greatly reduce the
 risks inherent in the transport of
 hazardous  waste to off-site facilities. For
 these reasons, EPA believes that MTUs
 have an important role to play in the
 treatment of hazardous waste and serve
 as an important complement to
stationary treatment facilities. The
purpose of  today's proposal is to remove
regulatory impediments to their use in
treating RCRA hazardous wastes
    B. National Hazardous Waste Forum c~
    T.-ansportable Treatment Units

     One of the Agency's first steps in
    developing a strategy toward MTUs w^
    the commissioning of a National
    Hazardous Waste Forum to explore
    RCRA permitting and other issues. In
    October 1985. EPA's Office of Solid
    Waste awarded a grant to the Center for
   Environmental Management at Tufts
   University to convene a national forum
   on emerging or troublesome hazardous
   waste management issues. The Forum
   established a steering committee
   representing government, industry, and
   public interest groups to select issues for
   discussion. One of the issues chosen
   was the use of mobile treatment units
   (also called transportable or portable
   treatment units) and the potential
   impediments to their siting and
   permitting. To address these issues  the
   steering committee established a
   National Hazardous Waste
  Management Forum on Transportable
  Treatment Units.
    The Forum, which met in February
  and April 1988, presented its
  conclusions to the Office of Solid Waste
  to a July 1986 report. The report stated
  that there are "many serious barriers" to
  the increased use of MTUs to treat
  RCRA hazardous wastes. It cited two
  requirements as particular impediments:
  That an MTU must obtain a complete
  site-specific RCRA permit before it can
  operate at any site and that facilities at
  which an MTU operates are subject to
  section 3004(u) corrective action
  requirements. To address these and
  otherissues, the Forum recommended
  that EPA: (1) Establish a state-wide
 permitting system for MTUs (providing
 for a single state permit for a given unit,
 but requiring public hearings before
 operation at any specific site), with an
 option for either a  national permit or a
 national technology review; (2) divorce
 the corrective action requirements of
 section 3004(u) from MTU permits, so
 that generators using MTUs to treat
 their wastes would not be subject to
 corrective action (this would be done by
 redefining "facility" so that the
 permitting requirements for an MTU
 would apply to the MTU unit and not to
 the sue at which it operates); (3) modify
 the deusnng procedures so that
 treatment residues could be delisted as
 part of the permitting process; and (4)
 exempt from permitting or issue permits-
 by-rule for certain treatment processes
 involving "low safety hazard and/or
minimum environmental discharge."
  The final report of the National
Hazardous Waste Forum is included in
the RCRA docket which is located at the

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   20916
Federal Register / Vol. 52. No. 106  / Wednesday.  June 3. 1987 / Proposed  Rules
   address listed at the beginning of this
   notice.

   C, Hazardous Waste Treatment Council
   Petition

     On January is. 1988. shortly before the
   Forum s first meeting. HWTC petitioned
   EPAJiPder section 7004(a) of RCRA and
   40 CFR 260.20 to issue regulations to
   facilitate the issuance of RCRA permits
   to ' portable hazardous waste treatment
   units" or MTUs. HWTC subsequently
   provided a more detailed request on
   April 25,1988. that EPA modify its
   procedures for delisting hazardous
   wastes, and on August 27. September 17.
   and December 15.1988 submitted
   substantial revisions of its petition. The
   original petition and subsequent
   correspondence with the HWTC are
   included in the RCRA docket.
    In its petition. HWTC asserted that
   the current RCRA regulations
  discourage the use of MTUs by requiring
  RCRA permits for each site of operation,
  instead of for each MTU. HWTC argued
  that the permitting process is duplicative
  for units that travel from site to site and
  is excessively time-consuming and
  burdensome, especially considering the
  short period of time that MTUs may
  operate at a single site (from a few
  weeks to a few years). In particular,
  HWTC cited the corrective action and
  public hearing requirements as
  burdensome, arguing that these
  requirements would effectively prevent
  MTUs  from treating RCRA hazardous
  wastes. As a result. HWTC argued that
  EPA's regulations prohibit the use of
  promising and flexible treatment
  technologies and discourage the
  treatment of hazardous wastes.
   The HWTC petition requested
 modification in several major areas:
 permitting procedures and standard*.
 delisting, and regulatory exemption*. A
 discussion of HWTC's recommendation*
 in each of these areas is presented
 below.
   1. Permittingprocnrlmm &»ks initial
 petition in January IMfcHWTC
 recommended that HPAsfrnAjp (1)
 permits-by-mle for specife technologies;
 (2) statewide or areawkk pmi»U for
 specific MTUs that oncegmted would
 allow the unit to operate without being
 subject to public notice requirements at
 each site of operation: (3) class permits
 for MTUs. establishing shortened form*
 and expedited review procedures; and
 (4) a regulatory amendment divorcing
 the corrective action requirements of
 section 3004(u) from the MTU permit As
 in the National Hazardous Waste Forum
report, corrective action would be
separated from permit requirements by
a redefinition of the term "facility," so
                       that the permit applied only to the MTU,
                       not to the property on which it operated.
                         In a later submission on August 25,
                       1986. HWTC substantially revised its
                       petition. In this document. HWTC
                       petitioned EPA to issue a separate
                       Subpart of Part 270 for MTUs,
                       establishing two sets of conditions for
                       MTUs operating at RCRA sites: Type I
                       conditions, which would be unit-specific
                       and would not change from site to site,
                       and Type 11 conditions, which would be
                       site-specific and would be issued at
                       each site where the unit operated.
                       Corrective action and public hearing
                       requirements would apply at each site of
                       operation (although public hearings
                       would be consolidated where possible)
                        2. Delisting. HWTC argues that the
                       current delisting procedures discourage
                       the use of MTUs, because under these
                       procedures (according to HWTC) a
                       waste generator cannot know if a
                       treated waste will be considered
                       nonhazardous until months after the
                       permit is issued and operation has
                      begun. If a generator cannot be assured
                       that a waste will be treated by the MTU
                      to nonhazardous levels and thus be
                      exempt from further RCRA controls, he
                      or she may have little  incentive to
                      contract for an MTU. To address this
                      situation, HWTC recommended two
                      regulatory changes. In the short term,
                      HWTC believes that EPA should
                      establish procedures for integrating
                      delisting decisions into the permitting
                      process, so that the permit would
                      prescribe specific treatment standards
                      defining the residue as nonhazardous. In
                      the long term, EPA should develop self-
                      implementing treatment standards for
                      specific wastes, prescribing the levels of
                      treatment that would render the waste
                      nonhazardous.
                       3. Regulatory exclusioss. HWTC also
                      petitioned EPA to exclude certain
                      specific treatment technologies that they
                      believe have a low potential for release
                      of hazardous substances to the
                      environment from permitting under
                      S 27ai(c)(2); Section 27ai(cM2) currently
                      exempts treatment in totally enclosed
                      treatment systems, wastawater
                      treatment tank systems, and elementary
                     neutralization units. HWTC
                     recommended adding to tots list «igh»
                     physical treatment technologies
                     involving volume reduction, materials
                     sizing and preparation, and phase
                     separation.

                     D. RCRA Regulations Governing
                     Petitions
                       EPA's process for addressing
                     rulemaking petitions under RCRA is
                     specified in 40 CFR 260.20. These
                     regulations require that the
                     Administrator publish in the Federal
  Register a tentative decision on the
  petition and solicit public comment The
  tentative decision may be in the form of
  an advanced notice of proposed
  rulemaking, a proposed rule, or a
  tentative determination to deny. Upon
  written request of any interested person,
  the Administrator may, at his or her
  discretion, hold an infomal public
  hearing to consider oral comments.
  After evaluating all public comments,
  EPA will make a final decision by
  publishing in the Federal Register a
  regulatory amendment or a final denial
  of the petition.
   This notice constitutes EPA's tentative
  decision on HWTC's petition.

  HI. Analysis of EPA Tentative Response

 A. Summary of Response

   EPA has tentatively decided to grant
 HWTC's request for developing special
 MTU permitting procedures by
 proposing a new S 270.66.  In particular.
 this section  would allow owners or
 operators of MTUs to obtain a state-
 wide permit for specific MTUs or groups
 of identical MTUs. This permit would
 prescribe conditions applicable to the
 design and operation of the unitrThese
 conditions would apply state-wide, and
 the permit could be issued for a
 particular unit even if specific sites of
 operation had not been identified.
 Because the permit will not contain site-
 specific conditions, such as corrective
 action, it is not a section 3005{a) RCRA
 permit The permit would be issued
 according to the procedures of 40 CFR
 Part 124 to the maximum extent
 possible, including public notice and
 opportunity for hearing. MTUs holding a
 state-wide MTU permit would be
 allowed to operate at a specific facility
 within the state once site-specific
 conditions were added to the permit and
 a final RCRA operating permit was
 issued to the facility in accordance with
 40 CFR Part 124. Site-specific conditions
 would inchtde such requirements as
 location standard*, the contingency plan
 and security  procedures, and corrective
 action at sites of operation.
  EPA has also tentatively decided to
grant HWTCs request to add an
alternative deusting procedure, which
will be incorporated into the permitting
process under 127O22 and 127O32(e).
This alternative delisting mechanism
coud be used by stationary treatment
units as well as by MTUs. The proposed
incorporation of the delisting procedure
into the permitting process, which
modifies and elaborates on HWTC's
petition, would require  the same
technical showing as the current
delisting procedures.

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      L'nder the proposed amendment, a
    permit applicant could submit
    infomation necessary to delist the
    treatment residue, including information
    on the waste feed, likely constituents in
    me treated waste, and the actual (or
    proposed) waste sampling and analysis
    procedures with his or her application.
    The delisting authority would then
    review the information and set delisting
    levels for the hazardous constituents in
    the treated residue. These levels would
    be included in the draft permit for public
    comment. If actual waste residue data
    were included as part of the permit
   application, these data would be
   available for review by the public. If,
   however, the permit application did not
   include the actual waste residue data,
   the draft permit would include a
   requirement that the treated waste be
   sampled and analyzed to verify that the
   prescribed levels were met.
    Once the permit is issued, the
   permittee could handle the treated
   residue as nonhazardous if it met the
   constituent levels and all other
   conditions set in the permit. However,
   the permittees who did not originally
  submit actual waste data would be
  required to submit confirmatory data to
  the delisting authority to ensure that the
  levels in fact were met and that the
  approved sampling  an analysis plan was
  followed. Permittees who submitted
  actual waste data in the application
  would be required by the delisting
  authority to submit confirmatory data
  only in limited cases where the potential
  for waste or treatment variability was
  great.
    With respect to the third component
  of the petition, the Agency is requesting
  comment on whether the eight
  technologies cited in the petition could
  be operated without a permit in a
  manner that is protective of human
  health and the environment. EPA is also
  asking what conditions, if any, should
  be imposed on any exemption for these
  units to ensure adequate environmental
 and public health protection.
   EPA anticipates that this proposal will
 significantly simplify the permitting
 procedures for MTUs and will provide a
 delisting procedure which will facilitate
 the use of MTUs as well as stationary
 hazardous waste units. This proposal
 will encourage treatment as an
 alternative to land disposal and will
 simplify remedial actions, and. thus,
 serve the purposes of HSWA. For these
 reasons, the Agency believes that this
 rule will provide a net benefit to human
 health and the environment.

B. Permitting Procedures for MTUS
  1. EPA proposal. Today's proposal
would establish a two-stage permitting
   process for MTUs. Design and operating
   conditions woul;d be addressed in a
   stale-wide MTU'permit. while site-
   specific conditions would be contained
   in RCRA permits issued to the facilities
   at which the MTU would operate. This
   approach would allow EPA or an
   authorized state to address the general
   permit conditions for the MTU once,
   eliminating duplicative reviews, while
   satisfying the statutory requirement of
   local notice and corrective action at
   each site of operation. The details of
   EPA's proposal are discussed in the
   following sections.
    a. Procedures for issuing state-wide
  mobile treatment and site-specific
  operating permits. Under today's
  proposal, EPA or an authorized state
  would approve the state-wide mobile
  treatment permit, using the 40 CFR Part
  124 procedures to the extent possible.
  Under the proposed procedures, the
  MTU owner or operator would submit a
  permit application (including Parts A
  and B} for a specific unit or set of
  identical units to EPA or the authorized
  state, stating that he or she was seeking
  a state-wide permit. EPA or the state
  would prepare a draft state-wide permit
  with supporting material, which would
  be published for comment using
  procedures similar to those described in
  40 CFR 124.10. (Section 124.10(c)(2)(ii)
  requires notice in local newspapers and
  radio stations for RCRA permits; for
  state-wide mobile treatment permits, the
  regulating agency would be required to
  provide reasonable state-wide notice, as
 well as local notice in the vicinity of any
 sites where an operating permit was
 being sought.) The regulating agency
 would also be required to hold a public
 hearing, if requested, as provided in
 \1124.12(a)(3). However, the Agency or
 the state could, at its discretion, hold a
 single state-wide hearing or several
 hearings throughout the state.
   Before a permitted MTU could operate
 at a specific facility in a state, however,
 EPA or the authorized state would have
 to issue the facility a RCRA permit
 which would include as a component of
 the permit the general conditions of the
 state-wide permit and site-specific
 conditions. This operating permit would
 be issued according to the procedures of
 40 CFR Part 124. EPA or the state would
 publish for local comment the draft site-
 specific conditions, together with the
 state-wide permit, and would provide
 the public an opportunity for a local
 hearing before issuing an operating
 permit.
  Today's proposal would allow an
MTU owner or operator to obtain a
state-wide MTU permit even in the
absence of specific sites of operations,
EPA anticipates, however, that in many
   cases the owner/operator will have
   identified at least one potential site ,„'
   the time of permit application.
   Furthermore, in some cases, an MTU
   owner/operator may wish to test wa~
   streams from potential customers to
   determine their treatability and whe^
   they meet delisting standards. In thes*
   cases, the owner/operator may find i<
  advantageous to obtain a final-section
  3C05(a) permit for the property where
  the MTU is stored. The owner/operaic
  will then be able to perform treatabili",
  studies under the terms of the permit '
  issued at that site.
    Where the owner/operator has
  identified one or more potential sites.,;'
  operators within a  state, he or she com
  apply simultaneously for the state-wid-
  permit and the site-specific RCRA
  permits. In this case, EPA or the state
  agency should be able to consolidate
  public hearings to a certain degree. For
  example, if a single site were identifie I
  m a permit application, and a hearing
  state-wide and site-specific conditions
  were requested, it might often be
  possible to hold one hearing on state-
  wide and site-specific conditions in Ike
  vicinity of the proposed site of
  operation. If several sites were
  identified, it might be possible to
  consolidate the hearings at a single
  location depending upon the proximity
 of the sites.
   The purpose of EPA's proposed
 approach is to allow one-time review
 and permitting of the basic design and
 operating conditions of an MTU. These
 conditions would be spelled out in the
 state-wide mobile treatment permit and
 would be included in the facility-specify
 permits allowing  the unit to operate at
 specific sites. In issuing the final RCRA
 operating permit at a specific site, the
 regulating agency would only address
 such questions as location standards,
 the contingency plan, and corrective
 action for solid waste management amis
 located on the specific facility.
   Under today's proposal, however,
 EPA or the authorized state, in issuing
 the site-specific RCRA permit, would
 provide opportunity for comment on the
 state-wide as well as the site-specific
 conditions. Section 7004 of RCRA
 requires that EPA provide local ~->tice
 and opportunity for comment before a
permit is issued. The Agency questions
whether the procedures for issuing state-
wide mobile treatment permits provide
adequate opportunity for local comment
where the specific sites of operation
have not been identified in the permit
application. Therefore, today's proposal
would allow for local comment on all
aspects of the draft permit, including the

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    20918
Federal Register  /  Vol. 52.  No. 106 /  Wednesday. June 3. 1987 / Proposed Rules
    slate-wide conditions, before RCRA
    permits for specific sites are issued.
     EPA recognizes that this requirement
    may be of concern to MTU or facility
    owner/operators, because it appears to
    provide the permitting authority and the
    public an opportunity to revisit issues
    that, in theory, had already been
   decided m the approval of the state-
   wide permit. EPA does not believe.
   however, that this concern should
   override the clear Congressional
   directive in RCRA that members of the
   public be provided the opportunity to
   comment on facilities permitted to
   operate in their neighborhoods.
   Furthermore. EPA believes that in
   practice this requirement will be of
   limited significance, except in the most
   controversial cases. Where public
   comment has been solicited on state-
   wide conditions in the initial approval
   procedures, and where the state-wide
   permit conditions conform fully with the
   Part 264 requirements. EPA believes that
  it will be unusual for major substantive
  issues regarding state-wide conditions
  to be raised that had not already been
  adequately addressed and resolved.
    As an alternative to this approach.
  HWTC suggested that a single state-
  wide permit be issued to a mobile unit,
  which would be modified through the
  major-modification procedures of
  § 270.41 before the unit could operate at
  specific sites. The major modification
  procedure as proposed by HWTC would
  include all the procedural and
  substantive safeguards of permit
  issuance. In addition, the HWTC
  proposal would allow the public to
  comment on state-wide as well as site-
  specific conditions during the  permit
  modification process. EPA has
  tentatively rejected this alternative.
 because it appears to provide  few if any
 advantages over the proposed approach
 and because it appears to contradict the
 requirement in § 3005{a) of RCRA that
 final operating permits be issued to
 "facilities" i.e.. a specific •** rather than
 equipment or particular kxzawdons
 waste management unr^Thk issue is
 discussed more fully late fas this
 preamble.
   b. State-wide permit information
 requirements. Under today's proposal,
 MTU owners and operators desiring '"
 approval of a state-wide permit would
 be required to submit both a Part A and
 a Part B application providing
 information on general design and
 operating conditions. Proposed
 § 270.66{c) specifies the information
requirements for each of these
applications. Except for minor variations
necessary to reflect the specifics of
MTU operation, these requirements are
                        the same as the information
                        requirements for permit applications for
                        stationary units.
                          The Part A application for a state-
                        wide permit would include: The
                        activities that require the application to
                        obtain a permit: the address where the
                        units are stored when not in use: the SIC
                        codes that best describe the products or
                        services provided by facilities at which
                        the MTU owner/operator intends to
                        operate: the MTU operator's name.
                        address, telephone number, ownership
                        status, and related information: whether
                        the mobile units are new or existing: a
                       scale drawing of the unit; a description
                       of the processess to be used for the
                       treatment, storage, and disposal of
                       hazardous wastes and the design
                       capacity for these items; and the class
                       codes, to the extent they are known, of
                       the hazardous wastes that can be
                       treated by the MTU and for which the
                       permit is requested. Finally, in the case
                       of multiple units, the Part A would have
                       to include a certification by a registered
                       professional engineer that the units were
                       identical.
                        The following information would be
                       required in the Part B permit application:
                       The chemical and physical properties (to
                       the extent they are known) of the waste
                       to be handled: a waste analysis plan; an
                      inspection schedule, with respect to
                      inspection of all monitoring, safety,
                      emergency, and operating equipment
                      that are part of the MTU and will be
                      used at all locations: a description of
                      percautions to prevent ignition or
                      reaction of ignitable reactive, or
                      incompatible wastes; a closure plan,
                      with closure cost estimates and
                      financial assurance for closure of the
                      MTU;  documentation of liability
                      coverage; § 270.16 information
                      requirements for tanks that are part of
                      the MTU, and 9 270.19 and § 270.62
                      information requirements for
                      incinerators, if applicable. In addition.
                      the permit applicant would be required
                      to provide any other information  the
                      permitting authority deems necessary.
                        EPA requests comment on whether
                      these elements are appropriate for an
                      application for a state-wide MTU permit
                      and whether additional items should be
                      included. In particular, EPA .requests
                      comment on information specific  to
                      MTU operations that should be added
                        c. Site-specific RCRA permit
                      information requirements. Before the
                      MTU could operate at a specific site, a
                      RCRA permit would be required for that
                      site. The permit applicant would have to
                      submit a separate Part A and B
                      application for that site either together
                     with the original statewide permit
                     application, or subsequently.  Both the
  owner/operator of the MTU and the
  facility owner would sign the permit
  application. The information required in
  the site-specific application is specified
  in proposed § 270.66(e).
    The Part A for each site of operation
  would require all the information
  currently required under § 270.13 as it
  applies to the facility where the unit will
  operate. In other words, the applicant
  would provide such information as the
  name and address of the facility, a scale
  drawing and photograph of the facility.
  and a specification of the particular
  wastes to be treated at that facility. In
  addition, the application would include
  information on the schedule or duration
  of activities at the facility, to the extent
  it was known at the time of the permit
  application.
   The Part B application would require
  general information on the facility, such
  as a facility description, a topographic
  map, and information on location, as
  well as information specific to the
  operation of the MTU that was not
  included in the state-wide permit.
  Specific information would include a
  description of security procedures;
  information on inspections with respect
  to structures installed at the facility and
 equipment not included in the unit-
 specific application: a contingency plan:
 information on procedures to prevent
 hazards in unloading, runoff, and other
 requirements in  5 270.14(b)(8);
 information on interim closure of the
 MTU before it leaves the facility and on
 closure of any structures or equipment
 left at the location; and information on
 containers, tanks, surface
 impoundments, or waste-piles used to
 store or treat wastes in conjunction with
 the MTU. In addition, in the case of
 incinerators, the permit applicant could
 also provide data in lieu of a trial burn,
 if appropriate.
  EPA solicits comments on the
 appropriateness of these information
 requirements in permitting the operation
 of MTUs at specific sites. In particular.
 EPA is concerned about whether any
 additional items specific to MTU
 operation should be added, such as
 procedures for installation or
 transportation of the unit.
  d. Permit_conditions. The site^specific  ...
 RCRA operating permit with the state-
 wide permit conditions included would
 impose the same conditions as a permit
 for a stationary facility conducting
 comparable activities.
  The state-wide permit would include
 the general duties and requirements of
 { 270.30 and $ 270.31 (e.g., proper
operation and maintenance, inspection
and entry, monitoring and records); it
would require discrete identification

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                  JFederal Register / Vol. 52. No. 106 / Wednesday. June 3. 1987 / Proposed Rules
                                                                         20919
    numbers for each unit covered under the
    permit (as discussed later, a state-wide
    permit might apply to several identical
    units); it would impose the notice
    requirements of § 254.12; the waste
    analysis requirements of 5 264.13; the
    personnel training requirements of
    § 264.16; the requirements relating to
    ignitable, reactive, and incompatible
    wastes of § 264.17; and the manifest,
    recordkeeping,  and reporting
    requirements of Part 264 Subpart E. In
    addition, it would impose Subpart G
    closure requirements, as they apply to
    the final closure of the MTU, and
    Subpart H financial responsibility
    requirements, as applicable to closure of
    the MTU and liability for MTU
    operations. Finally, Subpart J tank and
   Subpart O incinerator standards or
   incinerator trial  burn standards of
   § 270.62 would apply, as appropriate.
   EPA has proposed the addition of 40
   CFR Part 264 Subpart X. which applies
   to miscellaneous units (November 7
   1986, 51 FR 40726-40739), and 40 CFR
   Part 269 Subpart C, which would limit
   volatile organic emissions from
   hazardous waste management facilities
   (February 5,1987, 52 FR 3748). These
   conditions would also apply, if
   applicable,  when they become final.
    The site-specific conditions in the
  final operating permit would establish
  all applicable requirements not already
  addressed in the  state-wide permit.
  These would generally include security
  procedures, preparedness and
  contingency plan  requirements, and
  specific standards for activities at the
  facility carried on in connection with the
  MTU treatment Examples of such
  activities are interim closure of the MTU
  at the location and final closure of any
  structures or equipment remaining on
  the site; financial  assurance for such
  closures; standards for tanks and
  containers built at the facility in
  connection with operation of the MTU,
  but not already permitted in the state-
 wide permit; standards for waste piles
 created in connection with MTU
 activities; and incinerator operating
 conditions (if necMMiy]. In addition.
 the final RCRA operating permit would
 include a schedule of compliance for
 any corrective action at the facility
 determined to be necessary by the
 permitting authority under section
 3004(u) of RCRA, and the facility owner
 would have to comply with financial
 assurance requirements for corrective
 action.
   Finally, the site-specific portion of the
 RCRA permit would establish the permit
 term. Unless otherwise specified in the
final permit, the MTU could operate at
the site at any time during the life of the
    site-specific permit without a permit
    modification. However, at the discretion
    of the regelating agencyV the permit
    might require that the permittee notify
    the regulating agency or state or local
    officials, including local emergency
    response officials, before arrival and
    operation of the unit at the facility.
     EPA therefore is not proposing
   specific  time limits for operation of an
   MTU at  a site. The National Hazardous
   Waste Forum recommended such a time
   limit to prevent the establishment of    '
   permanent treatment facilities under
   special procedures developed for mobile
   units. EPA does not believe that this
   restriction is necessary. The National
   Forum's proposal was based on the
   assumption that facilities at which an
   MTU operated would be relieved of the
   section 3004(u) corrective action
   requirements. Therefore, it was
   necessary to ensure that facility owners
   engaged in long-term treatment could
  not use MTU permitting procedures as a
  way  to avoid corrective action. Under
  EPA's proposal the facility at which the
  MTU operated would be subject to the
  requirements of section 3004(u),
  regardless of the amount of time the unit
  remained on site, and the unit would be
  permitted to operate at that site only
  after  full opportunity for public comment
  under the  current permitting procedures.
  Therefore, EPA believes that there is no
  need  to establish a regulatory time limit
  for operation of an MTU at a site, other
  than the current 10-year limit on all
  RCRA permits.
   EPA solicits comments on this issue,
  as well as  on the proposed state-wide
  and site-specific permit conditions.
   e. Scope of mobile treatment permit.
 Proposed $ 270.66 applies specifically to
 MTUs. In the proposal, MTUs are
 defined as "any device or equipment, or
 combination of devices or equipment.
 that treats  hazardous waste and that is
 designed to be transported and operated
 at more than one site." This definition
 does not specify the type of unit that
 might  qualify for a mobile treatment
 permit under i 270.66, as long as it is
 designed for the treatment of hazardous
 waste. Thus, a mobile treatment tank.
 incinerator, or any other treatment unit
 could qualify as a MTU. However, any
 permit issued under $ 270.66 would have
 to adhere to the Part 264 and other
 standards appropriate for that type of
 unit.
  Several members of the regulated
community has asked whether a mobile
unit could ever qualify as a tank,
because § 260.10 defines tanks as
"stationary devices." EPA confirms that
a mobile tank would qualify as a tank
under § 260.10. and would be subject to
   the Subpart J tank standards of Part 264.
   as long as it was intended to be
   stationary during operation and it
   otherwise met the definition of a tank in
   some cases, of course, mobile units
   might not fall into the definitions of
   tanks, containers, or incinerators. In
   these cases, they would be permitted
   under Subpart X standards for
   miscellaneous units, which EPA
   proposed on November 7,1986 (51 FR
   40726-40739).
    Today's proposal specifies that EPA
   or an authorized state may issue a state-
   wide permit for  either a specific MTU or
  identical units. In some cases,
  manufacturers of MTUs may produce a
  number of identical units. EPA believes
  that an MTU owner or operator should
  be able to receive a single state-wide
  permit covering  several identical units,
  and that no useful purpose is served by
  requiring the paperwork of a separate
  permit for each unit However, the
  general permit would be required to
  specify the number and identity of units
  permitted, and each unit would require a
  discrete identifying number. In addition
  the Part A would have to include a
  certificate by a registered professional
  engineer that the units were identical.
  (EPA has not proposed a definition of
   identical" in this rulemaking. It
  recognizes, however, that  trivial
  differences will always exist between
  different units. For the purposes of this
  rule, it intends "identical" to mean
 identical in design, size, operation, and
 all other conditions that might affect
 treatment of hazardous waste,
 emissions, or any other factors that
 would relate to the performance or
 safety of the unit The Agency solicits
 comments on the  appropriate definition
 of "identical" for  the purposes of this
 rule.)
   EPA recognizes that manufacturers
 and operators of fixed treatment units
 share many of the concerns and
 interests of mobile unit owner/
 operators. The use of specific treatment
 devices might also be facilitated if a
 manufacturer could receive approval of
 state-wide conditions of those devices.
 EPA's proposal does not extend to fixed
 units, however, because the Agency
 believes that current regulations provide
 adequate flexibility for the permitting of
 fixed units at specific sites  and that any
 permitting impediments are best
 addressed through development of
guidance and model permits. However.
 the Agency requests comments on this'
issue.
  f. Closure requirements. The "closure"
of MTUs raises special issues that EPA
has addressed in this proposed
rulemaking. As explained earlier, the

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    MTU itself will be subject to the
    applicable closure requirements of Part
    264. and the permit applicant will be
    required to submit a closure plan as part
    of the permit application. In addition.
    any structures, equipment or hazardous
    waste left on-site will be subject to the
    closure requirements and financial
    assurance as part of the operating
    permit for the specific site.
    ...In addi«on. the MTU will undergo an
    Interim" closure every time it leaves a
   specific site and moves to another.
   These proposed regulations do not •
   specify conditions of interim closure
   before an MTU can leave a facility at
   which it is operating. EPA believes that
   this question is best handled as part of
   the specific permit conditions for the
   facility. However, the Agency
   anticipates that MTU "interim" closures
   will generally be consistent with the
   tank or incinerator closure standards
   (§§ 264.197 or 264-351). Under today's
   proposal, if an MTU fails to meet these
   standards, it becomes a hazardous
   waste generator and transporter subject
   to all applicable requirements under
  Parts 262 and 263. including the
  manifesting requirements,
    g. Trial burns for incinerators. One
  promising mobile technology is
  incineration. Mobile incinerators have
  already been used successfully to  treat
  solid waste, including RCRA hazardous
  waste, and this technology appears to
  be particularly well suited to cleanups
  and remedial action. A major issue that
  EPA and the states must address in
  issuing permits to mobile incinerators.
  however, is whether trial bums are
  needed as each site of operation to
  establish operating conditions.
    Under today's proposal, the state-
  wide MTU permit would generally
  establish operating conditions for the
  shakedown before trial bums at each
 site and for the trial bum itself, as
 required in § 270.62. to the maximum
 extent possible. The final operating
 conditions would be ettabliihed as part
 of the site-specific permit However.
 MTU permit applicants may provide
 data in lieu of a trial bum under
 S 270.19{c) when they apply for a site-
 specific permit, just as they may in the
 case of stationary incinerators. EPA
 believes that data developed during '"
 operation of the unit handling similar
 wastes at previous sites will often be
 adequate in lieu of trial bum data, and
 that trial bums at specific sites may
 often be unnecessary. Particularly as
 experience is gained with mobile
 treatment in general and with the
operation of specific units, EPA believes
it will be possible to eliminate the need
   for site-specific trial burns to establish
   operating conditions.
     h. Corrective action. Under section
   3004{u) of RCRA. all permits issued after
   the effective date of the 1984
   amendments must address corrective
   action for releases of hazardous waste
   or hazardous constituents from solid
   waste management units on the facility.
   As explained earlier, this requirement
   would apply at each facility where the
   MTU owner/operator is permitted to
   operate. EPA's corrective action
   program has been described extensively
   in a draft strategy entitled the National
   RCRA Corrective Action Strategy This
   strategy was noticed in the Federal
   Register on October 23,1986 (51 FR
   37608) and is available from the RCRA
   Hotline at the address provided at the
  beginning  of this notice. Therefore, only
  a brief description of corrective action
  requirements is provided here.
   Before a final operating permit is
  issued under proposed § 270.86, EPA or
  an authorized state would conduct a
  RCRA facility assessment (RFA) to
  identify possible releases from solid
  waste management units within the
  property boundary of the facility at
  which the MTU is located. Where
  possible releases subject to section
  3004(u) requirements have been
  identified, the permitting authority
  would include a schedule of compliance
  in the permit requiring an investigation
  of the releases and. if necessary,
  corrective action. The corrective action
 portion of the permit, like other site-
 specific conditions, would be subject to
 public comment before permit issuance.
   i. Permit modifications. Under today's
 proposal, state-wide permits for MTUs
 could be modified according to the
 procedures  of S 270.41 or i 270.42. If the
 state-wide permit conditions were
 modified, the new conditions would
 apply at all  sites to which the permit
 applied in the future. However, the
 modifications would not apply at the
 sites that had already been permitted,
 unless the operating permits issued for
 those sites were modified as well. EPA
 solicits comments on how permit
 modification regulations should apply to
 state-wide MTU permits.
   EPA is now concluding regulatory
 negotiations on permit modifications
 with representatives of industry, public
 interest groups, and the states, and will
 shortly be proposing amendments to the
 current modification procedures. The
 amended procedures will not
 specifically apply to modifications in
 state-wide MTU permits. As part of the
rulemaking, however, EPA will solicit
comment on how the amended
requirements might apply to state-wide
   permit modifications. These
   modifications might range from addition
   of identical units to the permit, change
   m storage address, to changes in basic
   operation or design. Readers of today's
   notice are encouraged to comment on
   the permit modification amendments
   when they are proposed, particularly as
   they apply to MTU state-wide permits
  and the use of MTUs at already
  permitted sites. Interested persons may
  ensure that they are notified of the
  publication of the permit modification
  proposal by contacting the RCRA
  Hotline at the  telephone number at the
  beginning of this notice or by requesting
  notification in comments submitted on
  today's proposal.
    j. Duration of permit. Section 270.50
  states that permits are effective for a
  fixed term not to exceed ten calendar
  years, and that a permit shall not be
  extended by modification beyond the
  maximum duration. These requirements
  will apply to state-wide MTU permits
  and to the site-specific RCRA operating
  permits.
    HWTC suggested an amendment to
  the permit duration requirement under
  § 270.50 to allow separate application of
  expiration dates to state-wide and site-
  specific conditions. However, the
  expiration date of each  site-specific
 permit could not exceed the unexpired
 term of the basic part of the permit. EPA
 believes that this regulatory change is
 unnecessary and that under the
 regulations as proposed, the term of
 treatment at a specific site can be
 defined as a site'specific condition.
   2. HWTC alternative.  EPA's proposed
 approach to MTU permitting is close to
 the approach suggested by HWTC in its
 August 25 petition. There are, however,
 at least two significant differences.
 Under EPA's approach, a state-wide
 permit is issued to the MTU prescribing
 design and operating conditions, but the
 final RCRA operating permit for the
 facility is not issued until the site-
 specific conditions are added to the
 state-wide permit for the site at which
 the unit operates. Under the HWTC
 approach, a state-wide "RCRA permit"
 would be issued to the MTU; this permit
 would be modified through the
 procedures of § 270.41 to add site-
 specific conditions for each site of    -
 operation. In addition, a separate
 "corrective action" permit would be
 issued to each site owner addressing
 S 3004(u) requirements for that site.
Therefore, the HWTC approach differs
from EPA's proposal in two respects: (1)
It allows the addition of new sites to an
MTU permit through the permit
modification process, and (2) it requires
the issuance of two separate permits at

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Federal Register  / Vol. 52. No.  106 / Wednesday. June 3. 1987 / Proposed Rules
                               20921
   each facility, clearly distinguishing the
   legal responsibilities of the MTU owner/
   operator, who is solely liable for the
   operation, from those of the facility
   owner, who is solely hable for
   corrective action at the facility.
     EPA has tentatively rejected the
   HWTC permit modification approach
   because it believes that the proposal
 •  runs counter to the requirement in
   section 3005(a) of RCRA  that permits be
   issued to "facilities." Given that section
   3005(a) specifically states that permits
   are issued to "facilities,"  the Agency
   does not believe it is appropriate to
   issue a section 3005{a) permit where no
   "facility" (which by definition refers to a
   site of operation) has been identified. In
  addition, the Agency believes that the
  approval of site-specific operating
  conditions at a new site constitutes
  permit issuance under sections 3005(a)
  and 7004(b), not permit modification.
    As an alternative, the Agency is
  proposing an approach that provides
  essentially the same advantages as the
  HWTC approach, but is more consistent
  with the statutory framework. The main
  advantage of the permit modification
  approach would appear to be the
 requirement under { 124.5 that, when a
 permit modification is requested, EPA
 and the public may only address the
 terms of the modification,  not other
 permit conditions. The suggested HWTC
 approach, however, would eliminate this
 advantage by allowing public comment
 on all portions of the MTU permit
 Therefore, the procedures  would be
 identical to those in the EPA proposal,
 with only the semantic difference that
 they would be called permit
 modifications rather than permit
 issuances. (The situation would be
 different if the facility at which the MTU
 were to operate was already permitted
 to handle hazardous waste. In this case.
 the facility's permit could be modified to
 incorporate the MTU—a change that hi
 some cases might ae4 be significant
 enough to require theft* procedural

 process. This isaac.vbtxk ie now being
 addressed by EPA fmm^atory
 negotia tions on RCRA permit
 modifications, is dtccsssed more fully in
 section IVD.l of this preamble.)
   EPA has also tentatively rejected the
 HWTC "corrective action" permit
 approach. Again, the Agency believes
 that this approach is inconsistent with
 the statutory concept of "facility" and
 the requirement that all RCRA permits
 address section 3O04(u) corrective
 action. Under the HVVTC approach, the
site-specific permit for the MTU would
not be issued to a "facility," but rather
to  a unit, and it would not address
                        section 3004{u) corrective action on the
                        facility. For this reason, EPA does not
                        believe ;i.t»wouid constitute a legitimate
                        RCRA permit and therefore the Agency
                        does not favor this approach.
                         However, one major advantage of the
                        "corrective action" permit approach, as
                        described by HWTC, is that it clearly
                        divides the legal responsibilities of the
                       MTU operator and the facility owner.
                       HWTC is concerned that, if a single
                       permit is issued to both, the MTU owner
                       or operator will become liable for
                       section 3004(u) corrective action on solid
                       waste management units and other
                       activities unrelated to MTU operations
                       and over which the MTU owner/
                       operator has no control. A similar issue
                       arises  when an MTU is brought onto the
                       facility to carry out corrective action
                       and is  made part of a facility's permit
                       through modification.
                         Although EPA recognizes HWTC's
                       concerns, the Agency does not believe
                       that issuing two separate, unrelated
                       permits at the same facility is necessary
                       or is the most appropriate means of
                       resolving this issue. Instead, EPA
                       believes that it is more appropriate to
                       delineate the limits of the MTU
                      operator's RCRA responsibilities in the
                      permit  itself (and eventually as part of
                      the corrective action regulations). Under
                      the proposed approach, therefore, the
                      site-specific permit would specify the
                      corrective action and other
                      responsibilities that rest solely with the
                      facility owner. Thus, the permit would
                      generally limit the obligations of the
                      MTU owner/operator to the MTU
                      operation and related activities
                      (including corrective action for releases
                      from the MTU). Except as specified in
                      the permit. EPA reserves the right to
                      take enforcement action against either
                      owner or operator pursuant to CERCLA,
                      RCRA or any other legal authority. The
                      limitation of liability stated in the RCRA
                      permit does not affect any potential
                      liability under any other authority.
                        This approach recognizes that where
                      the facility owner and the unit operator
                      are different persons, only the facility
                      owner may in many cases be able to
                      undertake corrective action. This is
                      particularly true on portions of a site
                      that are unconnected with current
                      hazardous waste management activities
                      under control of the MTU operator. The
                      proposed limitation in the operators'
                      liability, therefor, is a necessary element
                      of any MTU permitting scheme, because
                      without it MTU  owners are unlikely to
                      operate  at any RCRA hazardous waste
                      facilities. As a result. EPA and facility
                     owners would find it difficult if not
                      impossible to carry out a section 3004(u)
                     corrective action program if operators of
  MTUs brought on site to address
  corrective action were held liable for the
  operation of permitted units elsewhere
  on the site. At the same time, EPA
  believes that its approach does not in
  any way sacrifice the enforceabiliry of
  permits, because facility owners would
  remain liable for any activities at the
  site (including MTU operations) and
  MTU owners/operators would be
  responsible for releases resulting from
  their operations.
   EPA requests comment on the merits
  of this approach, as well as on the
  "corrective action" permit alternative
  proposed by HWTC.
   3. Definition of facility and corrective
  action. Both the National Hazardous
  Waste Forum and the January 15 HWTC
  petition recommended that EPA redefine
  "facility" in 40 CFR 280.10. Section
 3005(a) of RCRA requires each owner or
 operator of a "facility" for the treatment.
 storage, or disposal of hazardous waste
 to obtain a permit In the July 28,1982.
 land disposal regulation. EPA defined
 the term to mean all contiguous land
 and structures under the control of the
 owner/operator engaged in hazardous
 waste management (47 FR 32288-9, July
 28,1982). Therefore, a permit issued to a
 "facility" applies to the entire property
 surrounding the hazardous waste
 management unit, not merely to the unit
 itself.
   The. January 25 HWTC petition and
 the National Hazardous Waste Forum
 report proposed amending this site-
 based  definition to specify that a
 "process unir could also be a "facility"
 under the regulations. Under the
 definition proposed by the HWTC
 petition, a hazardous waste
 management facility would not always
 be defined strictly in terms of its
 location, but in the case of mobile units
 the facility would be the equipment or
 "process unit" used for the treatment
 storage, or disposal of hazardous waste
 without any reference to the property on
 which it operated. An MTU or "facility,'*
 therefore, could be issued a general
 permit to operate without reference to
 sites of operation. The specific sites of
 operation would not have to be
 identified in the permit, and the site
 owner would not incur RCRA
responsibilities.
  In practical terms, the most important
results of this change would be
eliminating the need for corrective
action under section 3004{u) of RCRA
and. according to HWTC, for local
notice and opportunity for hearing at the
sites of operation. Under HWTC's
argument if the permit applied solely to
the MTU, then the site owner/operator
would not be subject to corrective

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   ac ion at other solid waste management
   units on his or her site. (To prevent the
   use of MTUs as a way to avoid
   corrective action for long-term
   treatment, the National Forum report
   and the HWTC petition restricted MTU
   operation without corrective action to 90
   days at generator sites or 4 years for
   remedial action.) In addition. HWTC
   argued that local notice and opportunity
   for a hearing would not be required at
   each site of operation. A change in the
   definition of "facility", therefore, would
   provide a major incentive for on-site
   treatment by generators not already
   subject to RCRA permitting
   requirements. Without this change,
   according to HWTC. generators not
   already in the RCRA permitting universe
   would effectively be prevented from
   treating their wastes by MTUs or any
   other method, because few would be
   willing to accept the corrective action
  requirements of section 3004(u) as the
  price for on-site treatment.
    EPA recognizes  that a redefinition of
   "facility" would provide a major
  incentive to on-site treatment by
  generators. However, it has tentatively
  rejected the HWTC proposal because of
  the importance of the definition of
  "facility" to the RCRA  permit program
  and because EPA believes that the
  proposal is contrary to  Congressional
  intent. Although the definition of
  "facility" is found in the regulations, not
  the statute, subsequent RCRA
  amendments that use and depend on the
  site-based regulatory definition of
  "facility" incorporate that definition into
  the statute. The corrective action
  requirements of section 3004(ul, added
  to RCRA in 1984. are based upon
  Congressional understanding that
  "facility" means the entire site under the
  control of the owner or  operator
 engaged in hazardous waste
 management, not just the individual
 hazardous waste management unit (see
 50 FR 28712. July 15,19M). For this
 reason. EPA does not bdicva that it has
 the authority to redefina tba term
 "facility^' as suggested in the HWTC
 petition.
   In addition, redefining "facility" to
 include equipment as well as sites will
 not relieve the MTU of local notice and
 opportunity for a hearing. Under section
 7004(b)(2), local notice and opportunity
 for hearing must be provided before a
 permit can be issued to any "facility."
 Thus, a permit could not be issued to an
 MTU "facility." whether defined as a
 site or equipment, until there had been
 notice and opportunity for hearing in
 each locality in which it would be
permitted to operate.
     HWTC discussed in alternative
   approach to permitting MTUs in a letter
   to EPA on May 21. 1986. Under this
   approach. EPA would issue a special
   Part 270 regulation for MTUs
   specifically exempting their sites of
   operation from the corrective action
   requirements. HWTC cited as a
   justification for this approach the
   language of the Conference Report to
   HSWA. which encouraged EPA "to use
   its existing authority to develop a permit
   program for mobile treatment units."
   EPA has tentatively rejected this
   suggestion because it does not believe
   that the Conference Report language
   should be interpreted as overriding the
  section 3004(u) requirements, or other
  site-specific requirements explicitly
  included in the statute. Rather, EPA
  believes that this legislative history
  indicates Congressional support for
  regulatory changes to better
  accommodate mobile technology,
  consistent with the statutory framework,
  an approach followed by EPA in
  developing today's tentative response.
    Despite thia tentative decision, EPA
  recognizes* the breadth of support for a
  redefinition of facility, reflected both in
  the treatment industry's petition and in
  the National Hazardous Waste Forum's
  report. In addition, the Agency
  recognizes the importance of
  encouraging hazardous waste treatment
 particularly as land disposal restrictions
 go into effect, and the important role
 that MTUs could provide in treating
 generators' waste. Therefore, EPA
 solicits comment on the corrective
 action and facility definition issue. In
 particular, EPA solicits information  on
 the extent to which corrective action
 requirements are likely to be a barrier to
 the use of MTUs at generators' facilities
 that would be interested in using MTUs,
 and the extent to which generator sites
 are likely to have solid waste
 management units requiring corrective
 action.

 C Delis ting Procedures
   1. Background. A vital part of the
 hazardous waste program is the list of
 hazardous wastes. EPA lists wastes as
 hazardous if the Agency can
.demonstrate that the waste typically
 and frequently meets the criteria for
 listing (see 40 CFR 261.11(a)(lJ through
   ..
  Individual listed waste streams may
vary depending on raw materials,
industrial processes, and other factors.
Thus, while a listed waste typically is
hazardous, a specific waste from an
individual facility may not be, even
though it meets the listing description.
For this reason. 40 CFR 260.20 and 260.22
of the hazardous waste regulations
  provide an exclusion or "delisting"
  procedure. This procedure allows
  persons to demonstrate that a specific
  waste from a particular generating
  facility is not hazardous because it does
  not meet any of the criteria for which it
  was listed, that factors (including
  additional constituents) other than those
  for which the waste was originally listed
  could not cause the waste to be
  hazardous, and that, therefore, the
  waste should not be regulated as a
  hazardous waste.
   2. Current procedures. Under the
  existing regulations, persons who
  generate or manage listed hazardous
  waste may petition the Agency for a
  regulatory amendment to exclude or
  "delist" their waste from regulation (see
  40 CFR 260.20 and 260.22). To be
  successful, the petitioner must
  demonstrate that the waste is not
  hazardous. HSWA modified the
  hazardous waste identification and
  listing procedures under section 3001 by
  adding paragraph (f), which establishes
  specific criteria and procedures for
 evaluating delisting petitions. These
 statutory provisions were codified in  the
 July 15,1985, Final Codification Rule (50
 FR 28702) and alter the substantive
 standard by which delisting petitions
 are evaluated. The amendments set
 forth a two-step delisting evaluation
 procedure. First, the Agency must
 consider the factors for which the waste
 was originally listed; then, the Agency
 must examine factors other than those
 for which the waste was listed
 (including additional constituents) in
 cases where the Administrator has a
 reasonable basis to believe that such
 other factors could cause the waste to
 be hazardous. The amendments also
 establish that the Administrator must
 provide notice and opportunity for
 public comment on the Agency's
 proposed decision (including evaluation
 of these additional factors) before
 granting or denying a petition.
  In submitting a delisting petition.
 applicants must provide the Agency
 with the information set forth in
 § S 260.20(b) and 260.22(i). including: (1)
 A description of the manufacturing
 process or processes and feed materials
 producing the waste, and an assessment
 of whether such processes, operations,
 or feed materials can or might produce a
waste that is not covered by the
 demonstration; (2) a description of the
waste and an estimate of the average
and maximum monthly and annual
quantities of waste generated; (3)
pertinent data  on, and a decision of,
factors considered by the Agency in
listing the waste, demonstrating the
nonhazardous nature of the waste; (4)

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                  J-ederarRegister / Vol.  53.  No. 106  /  Wednesday. June 3.  1987 / Proposed  Rules
    representative sampling and testing of
    the waste on a minimum of four
    samples, including the name of the
    laboratory performing the sampling and
    testing, the names and qualifications of
    the persons sampling and testing the
    waste, sampling and testing dates, a
    description of the methodologies and
    equipment used to collect representative
    Samples, and a description of the tests
    performed and the instruments used in
    performing the tests,  including the model
    numbers of the instruments used in
    p-.'rforming the tests:  (5) appropriate
    Quality Assurance/Quality Control
    (QA/QC) data and documentation: (6) a
   signed certification statement: and (7)
   other general information, including the
   petitioner's name and address, facility
   location, and a statement of the
   petitioner's interest, need, and
   justification for the proposed action.
     For the Agency to determine whether
   other factors (including additional
   constituents) could cause the waste to
   be hazardous, petitions must also
   include the following additional
   information (described in detail in
   "Petitions to Delist Hazardous Waste: A
   Guidance Manual," NTIS, PB 85-194488):
   (1) Data on whether the waste exhibits
  any of the four hazardous waste
  characteristics identified in Subpart C of
  P.irt 261; and (2) a complete list of raw
  materials, intermediates, by-products,
  and products used or produced in the
  processes at the plant or facility
  generating the waste; a list of those raw
  materials, intermediates, by-products,
  and products that are discharged into or
  likely to be present in the waste, as well
  as approximate quantities for each
  material entering the waste; and. a list
  of those raw materials, intermediates,
  by-products, and products that are not
  discharged into or likely to be present in
  the waste and the basis for this belief; »
 or (3) representative analytical data on
 at least four representative samples for
 ail constituents listed in Appendix VIII
 of Part 261 that are likely to be present
 in the waste at significant levels, and for
 those Appendix Vttl hazardous
 constituents for which no testing is
 done, an explanation of why these
 constituents would not be expected to
 be present in the  waste  or, if present,
 why they would not pose a lexicological
 hazard.
   Delisting petitions are evaluated by
 the Office of Solid Waste at EPA
 headquarters in Washington, DC or at
 the state level in those states that have
  2 Based on this information, the Agency may
require analytical testing of the waste for those
additional constituents likely to be present in the
v.dste when the information appears to indicate
ll!<;:r presence at significant levels.
   authorized delisting programs. (To date,
   r .'orgia is the only state authorized for
   the RG_RA delisting, program.) Typically,
   t..e da'fa required to support a delisting
   decision are developed by the
   hazardous waste generator or treater.
     As discussed earlier, the permit
   application process can be an involved
   and time-consuming procedure that can
   take several years to complete. Once the
   permit is secured (which may
   encompass some type of
   demonstration—e.g. a trial burn for
   incinerators), the owner or operator
   must produce a representative quantity
   of residue, and then sample and analyze
   the residue before attempting to
   demonstrate through a delisting petition
   that the residue is non-hazardous.
  Alternatively, data required for delisting
  may be available (e.g., obtained during
  interim status) and such data can be
  submitted for delisting purposes. The
  delisting process, from the  date a
  complete petition is received to final
  determination, typically will take eight
  months or longer. Thus, treatment unit
  owners may find it difficult to assure
  potential clients that the treatment
  process will produce a non-hazardous
  (delistable) treatment residue, and
  therefore they may face substantial
  difficulty in marketing their treatment
  technology.
   To correct this problem, today's
 proposal includes an alternative
 mechanism to delist a waste from
 regulation, by incorporating the current
 delisting process into the permit process.
 EPA's proposed method for doing this is
 discussed below.
   3. Proposed approach.  Today's
 proposal would allow owners or
 operators of hazardous waste units
 (both MTU's as well as stationary
 treatment units) the option of petitioning
 for a delisting through the RCRA permit
 process at the time that they submit the
 Part B of their Part 270 permit
 application. (Of course, delisting may
 still be conducted under the procedures
 currently in place.) In this case, the
 delisting portion of the application
 would be  submitted to the state, or if the
 state were not authorized for delisting,
 to the EPA regional office. This
 approach  would allow delisting and
 permit decisions to be made
 concurrently. The specific information
 requirements which would have  to be
 met to delist a hazardous waste through
 the permit process are the same as
 currently required under the  existing
 delisting procedure; these requirements
 are set out in proposed § 270.22. and
discussed in this proposal under the
heading "Specific Information
Requirements."
     Under the Agency's proposed
   approach, delisting petitions would be
   reviewed according to the existing
   delisting criteria. Although the petitions
   would be part of the permitting process.
   they would be reviewed and acted upon
   by the appropriate delisting authority
   (i.e., EPA or state authorized for
   delisting); however, the notice and
   comment procedures of the permitting
   process would apply {§ 124.10). (See
   section III.C.6. for a discussion on the
   notice and comment procedures.)
  Owners and operators of MTUs could
  file their petitions as part of a state-wide
  or site-specific RCRA permit application
  (see proposed | 270.66), and decisions
  concerning both the permit and the
  hazardous or non-hazardous nature of
  the treatment residue would be made at
  the same time.
    In states that are  authorized for
  delisting, such delistings would be
  granted as part of the state's permitting
  process. However, for the delisting
  component of the state-issued permit to
  be valid nationwide, the applicant
  would have to submit a similar delistina
  petition to EPA under § 260.20 and
  § 260.22. In cases where the state is not
  authorized to conduct the delisting
  process but is otherwise authorized for
  RCRA or HSWA permitting, the
  delisting portion would be reviewed by
 EPA, and a permit that includes the
 delisting would be issued jointly with
 the RCRA base permit. Because the
 delisting is performed by EPA. it would
 be effective nationally. However.
 regardless of the state's authorization
 status, unless a state similarly exercises
 its own delisting provision consistent
 with the Federal action/the Federal
 decision to exclude the waste from
 regulation will not be effective in that
 state since the state program can impose
 requirements that are more stringent
 than the Federal requirements.
 Therefore, as a practical matter, the
 applicant may not be able to benefit
 from the Federal delisting until the State
 law allows the Federal decision to be
 implemented. In a state that does not
 have a provision for delisting or has no
 way to adopt Federal delisting
 decisions, EPA will not review the
 delisting petition (unless the waste is
involved in interstate commerce) since
EPA's decision will have no effect in
that state.
   Under today's proposal, petitioners
could request delisting as part of their
permit application in  one of two ways,
depending on whether or not they had
actual waste treatment residue data.
The two approaches are discussed
below.

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                  Federal Register / Vol. 52. No. 106  / Wednesday. June 3. 1987 /  Propped Rut.,
     The first approach, contained in
   proposed § 270.22(a). would be
   appropriate for those penoni who
   already had samples of the treated
   waste residue and can provide waste
   residue analysis information at the time
   of permit application. This, for example,
   would be the case for interim status
   facilities or for facilities that had sent
   their waste to a permitted MTU for a
   Ireatability study. Pilot plant data would
   normally not meet the data requirements
   under § 270.22(a). However, the
   applicant may be able to demonstrate
   that the pilot plant data satisfy the
   requirement for actual data on  the waste
   to be delisted.
    Under the first approach, the permit
   applicant would submit all the
   information that ia currently required for
   dellsting under 40 CFR 260.20 and 260.22
   (see section on "Current Procedures").
   EPA (or the state if the state had
   delisting authority) would review the
   dellsting information and treatment
  residue constituent levels, decide if the
  levels met the delisting criteria,  and
  publish a proposed delisting decision in
  the draft permit for public comment.
  EPA (or the state if the state had
  delisting authority) would consider and
  address all comments and then grant or
  deny the delisting petition; this decision
  would be incorporated in the final
  permit
   The second approach, described in
  proposed § 270.22{b). would be available
  to persons who do not have actual
  waste  treatment residue data. This
  might be the case for a new treatment
  unit or for a treatment unit new to a site.
  Under this approach, the applicant
  would submit (in addition to the
 generally required information): Waste
 feed data, information on the hazardous
 constituents that are likely to be  present
 in the treatment residue, and a detailed
 description of the sampling and analysis
 plan that would be used to measure
 constituent levels. (Information
 requirements under thfe option are
 discussed in more detail below under
 "Specific Information Requirements.")
 The delisting authority would use this
 information to set deHstmg levels for the
 constituents identified in the waste and
 to set sampling and analysis
 requirements. These conditions would
 be published for comment in the draft
 permit and. If approved, incorporated
 into the final permit
   After the permit had been issued, the
 permittee would conduct the sampling
 and analysis that was required ai part
 of the permit to determine the levels of
 constituents present in the waste. If
 these levels met the conditions laid out
in the permit, the permittee could handle
   the treatment residue as nonhazardous.
   However, if the permittee found that the
   treatment residue did not meet the
   delistable levels or that new
   constituents existed in the residue, the
   waste would have to be handled as
   hazardous. In these circumstances, the
   permittee would have to seek a delisting
   for the residue through the permit
   modification process or the standard
   delisting procedures.
    The Agency's primary objective in
  proposing this consolidation of the
  permitting and delisting procedures is to
  expedite the delisting process. The
  proposed system will provide owners
  and operators of facilities (including
  MTUs) that treat hazardous waste and
  seek to have their treatment residues
  classified as nonhazardous with a
  process by which they can avoid the
  time delays inherent in the current
  procedure and know in advance what
  requirements they must meet to achieve
  delisting.
   The Agency perceives several
  advantages to integrating delisting into
  the permitting process: (1) It provides
  equivalent safeguards to the delisting
  process as currently allowed; (2) it
  provides  a logical process for delisting
  the waste since permit reviews are
  designed to examine the nature of a
 waste stream,  the process used to treat
 it, and the operating conditions of the
 treatment system, which are also
 fundamental elements of the delisting
 review; (3) it allows the applicant to
 know the constituent levels that must be
 achieved  before an expensive unit i»
 built or leased: (4) it speeds the time
 necessary for debating decisions, since
 the delisting application it not delayed
 while awaiting permitting, construction,
 and operational activities; (5) it provide*
 the public and the permit-issuing
 authority  an opportunity to review and
 comment  on the hazardous and
 nonhazardous nature of the treatment
 residue as well as the treatment
 technology and its performance before
 the permit is issued; and (6) it allows the
 Agency to use the permitting system's
 extensive  procedures for modifying and
 terminating permits and/or permit
 conditions to ensure the permit holder's
 continued adherence to the debiting
 conditions.
  This proposal addresses the
 procedures of delisting but does- not
 affect the technical criteria for delisting.
 EPA is evaluating its delisting standards
 and criteria as part of a separate effort
 In particular, the Agency is reviewing
 the relationship of delisting levels to its
definition of hazardous waste and
treatment levels required by the HSWA
land disposal restrictions.  EPA will be
  soliciting comments on these and other
  issues as a part of this separate effort.
    The following sections present and
  explain the regulatory changes that are
  proposed today to integrate delisting
  into the permit process.
    4. Specific information requirements.
  As explained earlier, today's proposal
  would establish two approaches for
  permit applicants seeking to delist a
  waste treatment residue  as part of the
  permitting process. Under proposed
  5 270.22(a), permit applicants who had
  all of the informatioa including the
  actual waste residue analysis, would
  submit this information as is currently
  required under S 260.20(b) and § 260.22.
   Under proposed 9 270.22(b). permit
  applicants who do not have the
  treatment residue data available could
  defer submittal of this information until
  after issuance of the permit. In this case,
  the applicant would have to provide, at
  a minimum: (1) All information required
  under 5 280.20(b) (e.g^ the applicant's
  name and address, proposed action, and
  statement of need for delisting); (2) a
  description of the manufacturing process
  or other operations, a description of feed
  materials producing the waste, and an
  assessment of whether such processes,
  operations, or feed materials can or may
 produce a waste that is not covered by
 the demonstration; (3) a description of
 the waste and an estimate of the
 average and maximum monthly and
 annual quantities of waste generated; (4)
 a description of the methodologies and
 equipment that will be used to obtain
 the representative samples and a
 description of the tests to be performed
 and the instruments to be used in
 performing the tests, including the model
 numbers of the instruments to be used in
 performing the tests; (5) a description of
 the sample handling and preparation
 techniques, including techniques that
 will be used for extraction.
 containerization, and preservation of the
 samples; (6) such supplemental
 information as the delisting authority
 finds necessary and appropriate to
 determine whether the residues from the
 treatment process will be nonhazardous;
 and (7) a detailed sampling and analysis
 plan that will indicate to the Agency the
 representativeness of the samples to be
 collected. As part of these data
 requirements, permit applicants would
 also be required to furnish information
on the hazardous constituents that might
be present in the treatment residue (i.e.,
a complete list of raw materials,
intermediates, by-products, and
products that are likely to be used in the
various processes that generate  the
waste). The delisting authority may

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                   Federal^Regjster /  Vol.  52, No. 106  /  Wednesday. June 3,  1987 / Proposed  Rules
                                                                          20925
    waive or reduce the level.of detail for
    any of these items, if appropriate.
      5. Establishing permit conditions for
    delisting. Proposed § 270.32(e)
    establishes the following permit
    conditions.'In those cases where the
    delistmg applicant supplies all the
    delisting information, as required under
    § 270.22(a), the permit would establish
    maximum levels for the constituents
    identified in the waste residue. In
   addition, EPA  (or the state if the state
   had delisting authority) could, in its
   discretion, require further sampling and
   analysis and reporting of these results
   as a permit condition. This would be
   particularly appropriate if the waste
   feed or process conditions were likely to
   vary somewhat The permit would also
   require that the waste would have to be
   handled as hazardous if it failed to meet
   the permitted levels.
     When the delisting applicant is unable
   to furnish actual waste residue data and
   thus must apply for a delisting under
   § 270.22(b), the  permit would establish
  maximum levels for the constituents
  anticipated to be present in the waste
  residue. These levels would be based on
  the information provided by the
  applicant on the waste feed and
  intended treatment process (proposed
  § 270.32(e)(2)). In addition, the permit
  would set conditions for sampling and
  analysis of the treated waste to ensure
  that no additional toxic constituents are
  present in the waste at significant levels
  and that the constituent levels set in the
  permit have been met such that the
  treated waste is in fact nonhazardous.
  These data might include,  but would not
  be limited to: (1) Representative samples
  of the total concentrations of all
  Appendix VIII hazardous constituents
  likely to be present in the treatment
 residue; 3 (2) concentrations of total oil
 and grease: (3) leachable concentrations
 using the Extraction Procedure (EP) or
 Organic Waste Extraction Procedure
 (O WEP) of the EP toxic metals plus
 nickel; (4) leachabla concentrations
 using a distilled water leach test for
 cyanide: (5) repraaentative QA/QC
 procedures (including reporting spike
 concentrations and present recoveries),
 and (6) the characteristics of ignitability,
 corrosivity, and reactivity. In addition,
 the permit could require periodic
 sampling, analysis, and reporting, where
 the delisting authority deemed it
 necessary.
  3 In determining which constituents are likely to
be present in the waste, the petitioner would have
to provide justification of which other Appendix
VIII hazardous constituents are not expected to be
present, or if present, why they would not pose a
lexicological hazard.
     Once the permit holder has
   determined that the waste residue meets
   the dfejisting levels in the permit, the
   permit holder and other persons would
   be able to handle the residue as a non-
   hazardous waste. However, if the
   constituent levels are not met, if a
   previously undetected hazardous
   constituent is found in the waste
   residue, or if the permittee does not
   meet any of the other permit conditions
   related to delisting, the permittee would
   have  to handle the waste residue as
   hazardous and seek delisting through
   the permit modification process or
   current delisting procedures.
    The permit would also require the
  permittee to report the testing results to
  the delisting authority within 90 days
  after treatment of the first batch of
  waste, and the permittee would have to
  submit a certificate that is signed by or
  on behalf of the permittee that attests to
  the truth, accuracy, and completeness of
  the information submitted to the
  delisting authority. The delisting
  authority would review the data to
  verify that the waste met all of the
  permit conditions (e.g., met the
  maximum allowable levels set in the
  permit). If the delisting authority found
  that the permit conditions relating to
  delisting had not been met, it would
  notify  the facility in writing that the
  waste  must be managed as hazardous.
  In addition, EPA (or the state if the state
  had delisting authority) might take
  enforcement action against the
 treatment facility if it had managed any
 of the waste as nonhazardous.
   6. Public notice and comment. Section
 300l(f)(2)(A) of RCRA states that the
 Administrator shall publish, to the
 maximum extent practicable, a proposal
 to grant or deny a delisting petition in
 the Federal Register within one year
 after receiving a complete petition.
 Section 3001(f) was essentially a
 statutory codification of the publication
 requirements for delisting under 40 CFR
 260.20(c) and (e). Under these
 regulations the Administrator publishes
 both the proposed and final petition
 determinations in the Federal Register.
 In addition, upon written request of an
 interested party, the Administrator may,
 at his or her discretion, hold an informal
 public hearing to consider oral
 comments on the tentative decision (see
 40 CFR  260.20(d)). Section 3001(f) was
 added becasue of Congress' concern
 that  the Agency was granting delisting
 decisions without first soliciting public
 comment. (See 50 FR 28717. July 15,
 1985.)
  The alternative delisting procedure
proposed today would employ the local
notice and comment procedures of the
   permitting process, spelled out in
   § 124.10. as well as publication in the
   Federal Register. Under this proposed
   procedure, § 124.10 regulations would
   apply to all delistings that are
   incorporated into the permitting process
   The regulations direct the Regional
   Administrator or State Director to give
  public notice concerning the .tentative
  denial or approval  of a permit
  application in a daily or weekly major
  local newspaper of general circulation
  and to broadcast this information over
  local radio stations. In addition, notice
  must be given to persons on a mailing
  hst composed of interested individuals
  from the community, including
  participants from past permit
  proceedings; the public must be notified
  of the opportunity to be placed on the
  mailing list through periodic publication
  m the public press,  environmental
  bulletins, or state law journals (40 CFR
  124.10(c)(l)(viii)). The EPA region or  *
  state authority must allow at least 45
  days for public comment on the draft
  permit. Furthermore, 40 CFR 124.12
  states that the State Director or Regional
  Administrator shall hold a public
  hearing whenever he or she receives
  written notice of opposition to a draft
  permit and a request for a  hearing
  within the 45-day comment period.
 Accordingly, use of  the permitting
 procedures eliminates the
 administrative discretion with respect to
 granting a hearing afforded by the
 delisting procedures under 40 CFR
 260.20(d).
   In addition, to provide an opportunity
 for comment nationally and to comply
 with section 3001(f), EPA would publish
 a Federal Register notice on its proposed
 delisting decision at the time it issued
 the draft permit. The Federal Register
 would state that EPA was proposing to
 issue or deny a delisting petition
 submitted as part of a permit
 application: it would identify the
 petitioner, the facility, and the waste for
 which delisting was  sought; and it would
 indicate whether EPA was proposing to
 grant or deny the petition. Finally, the
 notice would identify an EPA contact
 from whom further information could be
 obtained and to whom comments should
 be submitted.
   7. Modification to the general
rulemaking petition process. The final
 regulatory change necessitated by
 today's delisting proposal concerns: (1)
The appropriate authority to receive a
delisting petition and, (2) the notice and
comment provisions to  be used in the
general rulemaking petition process. In
particular, § 260.20(a) and (b) states that
any petition that is submitted to modify
or revoke any provision in Parts 260

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                  Federal Register / Vol. 52.  No. loe  /  Wednesday. June 3. 1987 /
    through 268 and 268 « should be
    submitted to the Administrator.
    However, when a delisting petition is
    submitted as part of the permit process,
    the petition should be submitted to the
    Director as defined in 40 CFR 270.2.
    Therefore, these two paragraphs have
    been modified accordingly.
     With respect to the notice  and
   comment provisions. 40 CFR 260.20(c)
   and (e) state that the Administrator will
   Publ sh in the Federal Register a notice
   of (1) his initial determination, in the
   form of an advanced notice of proposed
   rulemaking, a proposed rule,  or a
   tentative determination to deny the
   petition, and (2) his final decision. In
   addition, 40 CFR 260.20(d) specifies
   when the Administrator may hold an
   informal public hearing. However, as
   indicated in the previous section, the
   delisting procedure proposed today
   would employ the local notice and
   comment procedures used in the
  permitting process in addition to
  publication in the Federal Register (See
  40 CFR 124.10). Sections 260.20(c). (d),
  and (e) have been modified to reflect
  this change.
    8. Other regulatory changes. This
  notice also proposes two minor
  technical changes to § 260.22[a) and (b).
  This amendment would indicate that
  alternate procedures exist, as  set out in
  the permitting process under § 270.22
  and § 270.32(f), for seeking a
  determination that a treatment residue
  fs non-hazardous.

  D. Regulatory Exclusions
    1. Background. The HWTC petition
  included a "conditional" exclusion for
  specific treatment processes from the
  RCRA permitting requirement*. HWTC
  amended its petition on September 17
  and December 15.1988, with suggested
 preamble and regulatory language that
 detailed the conditions of the
 exemption. The units recommended for
 the exclusions are us*d far volume
 reduction, materials mtaf and
 preparation, and phas* Mparatfon.
 These units might be cosfeiaen or
 tanks, and they could be stationary units
 as well as MTUs.
   As discussed below. EPA believes
 that any exemption from the
 requirement that facilities that  treat
 store, or dispose of hazardous waste
 obtain a RCRA permit must be  justified
 on the basis that the exempted  activities
 pose a minimal risk to human health and
  ' Section 260:20 (ndlcite* thit rulemiking
petition! may be submitted to modify or revoke any
provtuon in Part* 280 through 285. Sinca tbi*
proviiion wai promulgated, two new chapters—Part
j!6« and 26S have been added. Therefore. | 260.20(a)
hat been reviled to reflect these addition*.
                                      the environment and thus regulation
                                      under section 3004 of RCRA is
                                      unnecessary. Although EPA would
                                      consider exemptions from the RCRA
                                      permit requirements under section 3005
                                      for minimal risk treatment activities, the
                                      Agency has insufficient information at
                                      the present time on the potential risks
                                      posed by the treatment units described
                                      in the petition. The Agency, therefore, is
                                      deferring a decision on whether to
                                      exclude these treatment activities and
                                      solicits comments and information on
                                      these units to aid EPA's decision on this
                                      issue.
                                       The HWTC petition presents two
                                      reasons for exempting these units. First,
                                      HWTC claims that these units pose a
                                      minimal risk during operation and
                                      therefore the RCRA permitting process
                                      is unnecessary to ensure adequate
                                      protection to human health and the
                                      environment The Council states that the
                                      units are in widespread use, are of a
                                      standardized configuration, operate in a
                                     tank or container, and have low or
                                     extremely low potential for release.
                                     However. HWTC recommends certain
                                     operational and procedural
                                     requirements to ensure that the units are
                                     operated in a protective manner
                                      Second. HWTC states that industry
                                     needs the flexibility provided by
                                     permitting exemptions to meet
                                     anticipated treatment requirements.
                                     These include the new land disposal
                                     restriction program. RCRA corrective
                                     action, and the revised toxicity
                                     characteristic (proposed on June 13,
                                     1988, 51FR 21648), which are expected
                                     to bring a large quantity of waste under
                                     Subtitle C of RCRA.
                                      The types of units discussed by
                                     HWTC are frequently used for
                                     "pretreataent"—for example, the
                                     preparation of wastes for chemical.
                                    biological, or thermal treatment
                                    Treatment of hazardous waste is usually
                                    not a one-step process, and the precise
                                    treatment process often depends on the
                                    characteristics of the waste. Waste
                                    treatment systems may require
                                    modification during operation to
                                    accommodate any variations in the
                                    waste characteristics or for other
                                    reasons. In many cases, this will involve
                                    the introduction of new treatment steps
                                    to prepare the waste. Under current
                                    regulations, owners and operators
                                    wishing to use any of these treatment
                                    processes for hazardous waste, or to
                                    add them to an existing treatment train.
                                    must first have interim status; obtain a
                                    change during interim status (40 CFR
                                    270.72); obtain a RCRA permit; or obtain
                                    a permit modification.
                                      HWTC argues that the permitting
                                    process inhibits owners/operators from
  using the most appropriate treatment
  process because of the time necessary
  for a RCRA permit or permit
  modification. Owners and operators
  may choose either to transport the
  waste to facilities with permits or to
  store the waste while awaiting permit
  modification. This course of action may
  increase the risk of release, they argue.
  Applicants may also choose not to treat
  the waste in the most effective manner
  (e.g., they may carry out thermal
  treatment of vast quantities of water),
  rather than undergo a permit
  modification to incorporate a new
  treatment unit (e.g., a dewatering unit)  in
  the treatment process. Thus, HWTC
  argues that allowing the exclusions will
  result in greater environmental
  protection, increased treatment
  capacity, and attainment of effective
  treatment at a lower cost.
   EPA acknowledges that RCRA
  permitting is a complex and time-
  consuming process and that permitting
  may be a disincentive to the use of some
  of these treatment methods. The Agency
  also recognizes that these treatment
  methods provide waste handlers
  necessary flexibility in treating wastes
  and that they have an important role in
 meeting such HSWA requirements as
 corrective action and the land disposal
 restrictions. The Agency, however, is
 not convinced that permitting exclusions
 are the most appropriate means of
 increasing flexibility in the RCRA permit
 process.
  Although the permitting exclusion
 suggested by HWTC would facilitate the
 use of these technologies, the Agency
 believes that the exclusion has several
 shortcomings. Specifically, the
 exemption of activities from permitting
 also excludes owners/operators from
 corrective action, closure, financial
 responsibility, contingency plans, and
 the public participation requirements
 under RCRA. Thus, EPA must balance
 the loss of this protection against any
 potential gains to human health and the
 environment created by the exclusions
 (i.e., waste will be treated rather than
 stored or disposed of without
 treatment). The Agency also has
 reservations about whether treatment   -.
 processes can be excluded from
 permitting on the grounds that they pose
 a minimal risk to human health and the
 environment when numerous standards
 and conditions must be met prior to
 qualification as an exempt activity.
Becuase of these and other issues
discussed below, EPA is soliciting
comments on the proposed approach as
well as recommendations for alternate
methods of expediting the use of low-
risk technologies.

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                   Federal Register /  Vol.  52. No. 106 / Wednesday/June 3.
                                        1987  /  Proposed Rules
      2. Units suggested for exclusion from
    KLRA permitting. The specific
    treatment processes that. HWTC
    recommended for exclusion from the
    permitting requirements are blending
    units, phase separation units,
    dewatermg units, distillation units,
    carbon adsorption units, size reduction
    units, and soil cleaning units. fOf course
    if any of these units are part of a
    recycling activity, they are currently
   exempt from regulation. See 40 CFR
   261.6(c)(l). However. EPA has  recently
   proposed air emissions standards that
   would apply to recycling activities at
   facilities otherwise subject to RCRA
   permit requirements (February 5,1987,
   52 FR 3748).) The exclusions would not
   include chemical, biological, or physical
   degradations. HWTC proposed
   definitions for the units it believes
   should be given a conditional
   exemption. These definitions-are
   provided below:
    • "Blending unit" means a liquid
   blending tank, pug mill, ribbon blender.
   or a plow blender, or similar device
   used to blend waste.
    •  "Carbon adsorption unit" means a
  tank or container which uses granular or
  powdered activated carbon, in a
  pressure or packed process to remove
  contaminants from a liquid waste
  stream.
    •  "Dewatering unit" means a  rotary
  or belt filter, or a filter press to remove
  water from a semi-solid waste.
    •  "Distillation unit" means a unit that
  separates miscible liquids and recovers
  the separated liquids by condensation
  without discharge of vapors to the
  atmosphere.
    •  "Evaporation unit" means a unit
  that  physically separates  a liquid from a
 dissolved or suspended solid by the
 application of energy to volatilize the
 liquid where the volatilized liquid is
 captured and condensed so that  it is not
 released into the environment.
   • "Phase separation unit" means a
 process that separates solids and/or one
 or more liquid1 pftares and/or organic
 constituents from inorganic wastes, in
 heated or unheated tanks or containers
 a centrifuge, or a pressure vessel in
 which compressed gas is used to
 enhance or induce-phase separation.
 [This definition specifically includes
 supercritical fluid extraction.]
   • "Size reduction unit" means  a
 grinder, a shredder, a crusher, or  similar
 equipment whose purpose and function
 is to reduce the size of waste particles.
   • "Soil cleaning unit" means any unit
 that removes contaminants from soil or
sludge by  flushing waste with an
extracting solution.
  The Agency solicits comments
regarding the treatment methods
   identified by the HWTC for exclusion
   from permitting. Comments are also
   requested regarding whether the
   definitions provided are adequate. In
   addition, the Agency requests comments
   on whether any of the specific treatment
   processes in the above list pose a
   significant risk to human health and the
   environment and, therefore, should not
   be considered by the Agency for
   exclusion from permitting. The issue of
   risk is discussed in greater detail below.
     3. Conditions for exclusion. HWTC
   suggested that the exemptions for the
   treatment processes be contingent on
   the owner and operator complying with
  certain operational and procedural
  requirements. These requirements,
  which are intended to be self-
  implementing, are less than those
  required for a RCRA permit, but they do
  incorporate many of the RCRA
  permitting requirements: they include
  those requirements thai HWTC believes
  are necessary to ensure that the units
  pose a de minimis risk during normal
  operation. However, the Agency has
  reservations about whether any activity
  that must meet numerous conditions
  before qualifying for an exemption can
  be  justifiably excluded from the RCRA
  permit process under section 3005. The
  operational and procedural
  requirements recommended by HWTC
  are described below.
   First. HWTC suggests that the
  exclusions be limited to activities
  conducted in tanks or containers that
  handle solely non-reactive wastes (but
  not the dioxin-containing wastes F020.
 F021, F022, F023, F028; and F027).
 Second, the units could not manage
 wastes that exceeded 20 ppm volatile
 organic compounds, unless the units
 were enclosed and under negative-
 pressure. Third, the units would be
 subject to the general facility standards
 of Part 26ft These requirements include
 an EPA- identification number, notices,
 waste analysis, security, inspections,
 personnel training, location-standards,
 and the general requirements for
 ignitable and incompatible wastes.
 Finally, the units would be subject to-the
 standards for containers and tanks
 under Part 284 Subparts I and J,
 respectively.  (Presumably, the units
 would also be subject to EPA's proposed
 air emission standards in 40 CFR Part
 269.  when they become final.)
  The Agency solicits comments as to
 whether the conditions specified above
 are the appropriate operating
 requirements, assuming that an
 exclusion is developed for these units. In
 particular, the Agency is concerned that
 these units may be sources of air
emissions, either through process vents
or indirectly through ancillary
   equipment. Therefore, the Agency
   requests comments on the 20 ppm
   volatility limit including a discussion  ••
   why this level would or would not be
   appropriate and whether this level is
   protective for all waste that might be
   treated by these technologies. The
  Agency also solicits comments on how
  the term "volatile organic compound"
  would be defined, and what test
  methods should be used in determirung
  20 ppm volatility. In addition. EPA
  solicits comments on the requirement
  that units failing the 20 ppm volatility
  test be enclosed and under negative
  pressure. Enclosing a unit containing
  volatile organics and putting it under
  negative pressure would cause air
  emissions unless air emission controls
  are used.  Comments  are also requested
  on whether the conditions suggested bv
  HWTC can effectively be imposed
  through general regulations, or whether
  the oversight provided by the permit
  process is necessary.
    HWTC  also  suggested that excluded
  activities comply with recordkeeping
  requirements and provide notification
  similar to  the Part A of a permit
  application. The notification
  requirement would allow the Agency to
  know where treatment is occurring so
  that periodic inspection and
  enforcement action, if necessary, could
  be taken to ensure proper operation.
  HWTC also recommended that EPA
  maintain a file  on the excluded units
  that would be open to the public.
   HWTC recommended that facilities
 planning to operate such an excluded
 unit be required to notify the Agency
 before such activity would occur. If the
 unit were to be installed as a permanent
 unit, then only one notification would be
 required. If the  unit were an MTU. then
 notification would be required for each
 site at which it  operated. Specifically,
 the notification would include the name
 and/or type of the unit, the names of the
 owner/operator of the unit, the location
 where the unit is operated, the name of
 the owner/operator of the hazardous-
 waste management facility or the name
 of the generator at the location of
 operation, identification of the wastes
 being treated in the unit, and the
 signature of the owner/operator of the
 unit. HWTC believes that the
 notification requirement will provide
 sufficient reporting and documentation
 of the treatment units that are
 conditionally exempt. A failure to notify
 would be a regulatory  violation and
would result in a loss of authority to
operate the unit at a facility until
rectified.
  HWTC further recommended that
owner/operators be required to

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                 Federal Register / Vol. 52. Mo. 106 / Wednesday.  June 3. 1987 / Proposed Rules
  maimain records on the units to provide
  greater assurance that the units were in
  compliance with the operational
  requirements under Subparts B. I, and J
  of 40 CFR Part 264' The owner/operator
  would be required to maintain on file a
  waste analysis plan as required by 40
  CFR 264.13. an inspection schedule and
  inspection records as required by 40
  CFR 264.15: a personnel training plan
  and personnel job description and
  training records as required by 40 CFR
  264.16; and the information required by
  40 CFR 270.15 and 270.16. as applicable.
    The Agency acknowledges that these
  provisions would significantly improve
  enforcement of the regulatory
  exclusions, and it solicits comments on
  their appropriateness. However, the
  Agency remains concerned that
  technologies that require regulations of
  this detail may not be appropriate for
  exclusion from permitting.
    4. Evaluation of risk posed by
  suggested units. EPA believes that any
  treatment, storage, or disposal units that
  are excluded from permitting under
  RCRA must be able to be performed in a
  manner protective of human health and
  the environment without review by the
  permitting authority or the public. In
  reaching a decision that a specific
  technology does not require a permit,
  EPA must address two separate
 considerations: (1) Risk assessment and
 (2) risk managment. Risk assessment
 uses facts to determine the effects of
 exposure to people and the environment.
 Risk management is the process of
 accepting the most appropriate
 alternative, considering the results of
 the risk assessment, engineering options,
 and social and economic concerns. Risk
 assessments take into account whether
 particular chemicals are linked to
 detrimental effects (hazard
 identification), the quantities that must
 be present in order to pose a problem
 (dose-response assessment), the extent
 of exposure with and without adding
 controls to the technoljoy (exposure
 assessment), and the extent of the
 problem (i.e.. type of disease caused,
 number of cases). One method of
 performing risk assessment! identifies
 the routes of releases (fugitive and
 process emissions and spills), the
 amounts and composition of releases.
 and determines the concentration of the
 constituents at the point of exposure.
 considering the toxicity of the
 constitutents. This approach to risk
 assessment is being used to compare the
 risks generated from methods of land
disposal with alternate treatment
techniques by modelling waste streams
through each treatment system.
    In the case of units handling volatile
  organics, there is also the potential
  release of these organics, which would
  contribute to ambient ozone levels.
  These risks, which were recently
  addressed in EPA's proposal to control
  air emissions at hazardous waste
  management facilities under section
  3004(h). should also be considered in
  any assessment of the risks from these
  excluded units.
   EPA does not have sufficient
  information about the technologies
  described in the HWTC petition to
  enable the Agency to assess potential
  for releases  to the environment and
  whether the operation of these units is
  inherently low risk or whether EPA
  permitting and public involvement are
  necessary to ensure safe operation. To
 make this assessment, EPA seeks data
  related to the issues discussed above.
 The Agency also requests comment on
 the following specific questions.
   1. Do any of the units that fall under
 the proposed definitions pose a potential
 risk of release if they are not controlled
 through the permitting process? For
 example, do super-critical fluid
 extraction units pose a threat to release
 because they operate at elevated
 temperatures and pressures?
   Z. What criteria should be applied to
 determine the level of control necessary
 for these and any other technologies?
 What types of controls are normally
 used (e.g., pad) or can be used to
 minimize release?
   3. Are specific operating requirements,
 such as those suggested by HWTC,
 appropriate? The petition request would
 exempt the units from corrective action,
 closure, financial assurances for
 operation and closure, and contingency
 plans. Are standards needed to address
 these factors?
   4. Are the limitations suggested by
 HWTC adequate for the management of
 hazardous waste in the eight
 technologies for which an exemption is
 requested? For example, what is the
 basis for limiting the volatile organic
 content to 20 ppm at open units? Are
 there compounds that would pose
 unacceptable risk at 20 ppm?
  5. Is the treatment of hazardous waste
 in these units sufficiently safe that EPA
 oversight and public involvement
 through the permitting process  is not
 necessary?
  In particular, EPA would request more
 data on each  of the eight types of units
 in the following areas:

Technology

  1. A general description of the
 treatment process, with a process
diagram, if available.
   2. A description of the operation of the
 system, including start-up, shutdown,
 routine operation, and maintenance.
   3. A description of how the waste is
 transferred in and out of the unit
 including alternative methods (poured,
 pumped, piped, shoveled, conveyor
 belts,  troughs).

 Releases
   1. Identified release points (e.g. hose
 of the filling tank, changing filters,
 shutdown, clogging, leaking
 connections).
   2. Frequency of releases, extent of
 releases, and methods of reducing
 frequency and extent of releases.
 _ 3. The exposure pathways of release
 (i.e., to air, surface water, ground water.
 soil, etc.).

 Wastes
   1. Wastes not amenable to the
 treatment method.
   2. Wastes that require additional
 control requirements because of
 toxicity. volatility, solubility,
 degradation rate, and potential for
 migration.

 Exposure                   _

   1. Potential for migration of a release,
 including actual incidents.
   2. Amounts of releases that present an
 acceptable level of risk.
   5. Permit modification approach. An
 alternative to the HWTC approach
 would be to allow permitted facilities to
 add new units of the types described by
 HWTC through a streamlined permit
 modification process. EPA is considering
 just this approach in its regulatory
 negotiations on RCRA permit
 modifications with representatives of
 the states, industry, and public interest
 groups. The Agency solicits comments
 on the permit modification approach as
 an alternative to regulatory exclusions,
 both in response to this proposal and to
 the Agency's proposal on permit
 modification requirements, when it is
 published.

 IV. Other Issues

A Class Permits

  In its January petition, HWTC
 recommended that EPA develop a rule
 authorizing "class permits" for at least
 some types of MTUs. This rule, which
would  be similar to the Agency's
January 20.1984 proposal for "class
permits" for tanks and containers (49 PR
29524), would standardize permit
conditions for MTUs and establish a
standard Part B application form.
  EPA recognizes die value of a
 standardized application form for at
 least some categories of MTUs and

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                  Federal Register  /  Vol. 52.  No. 106  /  Wednesday, June  3. 1987  / Proposed Rules
                                                                        20929
   believes that such a form could
   streamline the permitting process,
   offering significant resource savings to
   applicants and. Demit writers. EPA,
   however, believes that the advantages
   of a class permit rule can be achieved
   without the burden of rulemaking and
   that any forms developed for MTUs
   should be issued as guidance rather
   than in rules. EPA has begun work to
   develop a proposed form specifically for
   mobile treatment  tanks and will make it
   available for public comment when it is
   completed.

  B. Permits by Rule
    HWTC also petitioned that EPA
  amend 40 CFR Part 270 to allow permit
  applicants or manufacturers of MTUs to
  petition EPA to promulgate rules that
  would become the RCRA permit for a
  specific MTU or class of MTUs. The rule
  would require the owner/operator of the
  MTU to comply with the Part 264
  standards of waste analysis,
  inspections, contingency plans, closure,
  and similar requirements, and it would
  impose specific conditions appropriate
  for the unit. Under the HWTC proposal,
  EPA would publish the proposed rule in
  the Federal Register for comment, but
  site-specific public notice, hearings, and
  corrective action would not be required.
  After the rule became effective,
  authorized states would be required to
  incorporate the rule into their programs,
  unless a state's permit requirements
  were demonstrated to be: (i) "More
  stringent" than the Federal
  requirements, (ii) not an unreasonable
  burden on interstate commerce, and (iii)
 consistent with the intent of RCRA to
 provide treatment alternatives. HWTC
 suggested  that the permit-by-rule-
 approach would be most appropriate for
 "inherently low risk management units."
   The Agency has tentatively decided to
 deny the permit-by-rule approach. EPA
 believes that the proposal is
 inconsistent with-public participation
 requirements of section 7«04{b)(2),
 which are desipwcPt*> provide citizens
 in the vicinity afhmtJong waste
 facilities with'iirfbiTOntjn about the-
 facility and an opportunity to be heard
 before the Agwi«y'» final decision to
 issue a permit fl3ff Gangs Hec. FflOSS-
 1100. Feb. 20,1980}. While the HVFTG
 petition would require th* permit
 applicant to comply with, all of the-
 substantive requirements- of 48 CFR Part
 264, the permit-by-rule- approach would
 not provide an opportunity for local
 notice and comment. Moreover. tfa«
proposed permit-by-rule procedure
would act to override- the auihorirjtofait
authorized state to issue, a RCRA permit
for MTUs, and, aa proposed-by HWTC
is inconsistent with the requirement that
  sites where the MTUs operate undergo
  corrective action.

  C. Pre£pnstructionfBan
    Section 3005(a) of RCRA, as amended
  by HSWA, requires owners and
  operators of all hazardous waste
  treatment, storage, and disposal
  facilities to obtain a RCRA permit
  before constructing a new RCRA
  facility. In its petition. HWTC expressed
  concern that this requirement codified
  at 40 CFR 270.10(f), could be interpreted
  as prohibiting the construction of an
  MTU before permit issuance.
  Consequently, HWTC recommended
  that EPA amend § 270.10(f) to provide
  that, while an MTU may be constructed
  before permit issuance, it may not treat
  hazardous waste at a location until a
  permit has been issued.
   EPA tentatively denies this aspect of
  the petition because it believes that the
  statute and current regulations already
  allow the construction of MTUs or MTU
  modules before permit issuance. EPA
 interprets the definition of "physical
 construction" in 40 CFR270.2, as applied
 to MTUs, to mean that MTUs can be
 prefabricated off-site and transported to
 a treatment site without requiring a
 permit However, construction at the site
 itself, such as pouring concrete
 foundations, connecting the MTU to
 physical structures qn-site (e.g., utility
 connections), and pretesting the unit on-
 site with nonhazardous wastes cannot
 occur until the RCRA permit is issued.
 Once a RCRA permit has been issued
 authorizing the use of the MTU at
 specified sites,  the owner or operator of
 the MTU may locate and operate the
 MTU at those sites according to the
 schedules of operation or term a Q£ tha
 permit.
   Tha National Hazardous Waste
 Forum agreed with this interpretation in
 its report and also recommended against
 any specific regulatory amendments to
 clarify the applicability of the
 preconstruction ban to MTUs.
 Nevertheless, EPA solicits comment on
 its tentative denial and welcomes.
 comments justifying the need for a
 regulatory amendment to address-thia
 issue.

 D. Other MTU Activities

  1. MTUs at RCRA permitted facilities^
 In many circumstances, MTU owner/
 operators may wish to operate at
 facilities that already haw RCRA
 permits. In these cases, the* facility
permit would have- to be modified to-
allow operation-of theMTlTat that-site.
If the MTU already bald a state-wide
permit the stats-wnfe> conditions- could
become the-basis-of the permit
modification.  .
    Under current regulations, the
  introduction of an MTU at a permitted
  facility would require a major permit
  modification of the facility's permit,
  regardless of the type of unit or the
  nature or duration of the'activities. EPA
  recognizes that this requirement may
  significantly limit the flexibility of
  hazardous waste management facilities
  in handling wastes, particularly the
  pretreatment of wastes  to prepare the
  waste for final treatment, treatability
  studies, and remedial action. For
  example, many treatment facilities that
  accept a variety of wastes do not know
  ahead of time whether treatment will be
  necessary to render a specific shipment
  of waste suitable for final treatment, or
  what form of pretreatment will be best.
 These facilities would have to go
  through the major permit modification
 procedure, which at a minimum would
 require several months,  before they
 could bring a mobile unit on-site to
 perform the necessary treatment. This
 lack of flexibility in some cases might
 actually increase risks, because it could
 necessitate long-term storage while
 pretreatment units were permitted.
   As a result, EPA is reviewing the
 general question of how best to handle
 the introduction of new  treatment
 processes (both mobile and fixed) at
 permitted facilities. Under some
 circumstances (for example, for low-risk
 technologies), the Agency believes  that
 it might be appropriate to allow the
 addition of new treatment units to a
 permit through an expedition
 modification process. This issue is being
 addressed as part of the Agency's
 regulatory negotiation on RCRA permit
 modifications. EPA encourages
 comments on the application of permit
 modification procedures to mobile
 treatment units both in response to
 today's proposal, and to the permit
 modification proposal under
 development.
   2. Activities at interim atatua
facilities. Section 270.72 prescribes
 changes that can. be made, at interim
 status facilities without triggering the-
 permit requirements. These include
 changes in- or additions, o£ treatment
processes, at a hazardous waste
management facility during interim
status, if the owner or operator submits
a revised. Part A permit application,
together witk a justification for the
changes. EPA or the authorized state
must approve the changes, as being
necessary (if to prevent a threat to
human health- or the environment in an
emergency situation, or (ii) to comply
with Federal regulations  or state or local
laws (-f 270i72(cj):
                                                                                                                          t

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20930
Federal Register / Vol  "?•>  Vr,  toe  /  TAT j    ,
           g      / Vol. ^.  No. 106  /  Wednesday, fur.e 3. 1SR7  /
     h. 2n    ? circurns(ances. MTUs may
     be allowed to operate at interim status
     facilities under this authority. For

     !™H™ S-a.:a? !and disposal facility S
     • ea  hquics banned from disposal; to
     t;eal wastes prohibited from land
     c.'f P5sa'according to treatment
     slandards issued under Part 268. or to
     treat wastes in accordance with a
    section 3008(h) order or an approved
    closure plan. In these cases, the activity
    night be approved as necessary to
    comply with Federal regulations and.
    therefore, could take place under interim
    status. Similarly, the use of an MTU for
    treatability studies at an interim status
    fjcility to determine whether a specific
    treatment could meet BDAT (best
    demonstrated available technology) in
    «=cordance with the land disposal
    restrictions, or to select a remedial
    nseasure in anticipation of Agency
    action under section 3008(h) or section
    .-J04(u) would be likely to qualify as an
    acceptable change in interim status.
     Section 270.72(e). however, limits the
   pope of activities that can take place at
   I tenm status facilities by prohibiting
   cnanges that require a capital
   expenditure equalling or exceeding 50%
   ofthe construction of a comparable new
   razardous waste management facility.
   1 herefore. under current regulations, an
   MTU could not operate at an interim
   s.atus facility, even  if its operation were
   r .icessary to comply with Federal or
   c her regulations or  in the case of an
   t •nergency. if its cost were more than
   r  IP,  Il£c05i of constructing a new
   ncil.ty. The facility would first have to
  r'ceive a RCRA permit authorizing the
  Lse of the MTU. EPA recognizes that
  I .is requirement may unnecessarily
  r -strict the flexibility of interim status
  facilities complying with Federal or
  O'her requirements, includino section
  'Z'lf^QFUt . J      . .  •~*""5 ocv*LlUil
  •J wainj orders and closure plans.
  Therefore. EPA is proposing in a
  s 'parate rulemaking that the
  reconstruction ban be lifted for certain
 ?S&9 ne,cessary to ^p'y w*
 federal, state or local regulations
    3. Regulatory exclutiotm from RCRA
 permitting. Under current regulations
 §5 264.l(g) and 270.1(c){2)(v) exclude'
 owners and operators of elementary
 neutralization units and wastewater
 treatment units from RCRA permit
 requirements. As long as an MTU meets
 Hie regulatory definition of these terms
 In 3 260.10. it is not subject to RCRA
 permitting requirements.
 V. Definition of Designated Facility
   EPA is also proposing a minor
 revision relating to the manifesting of
hazardous wastes to elementary
neutralization units and wastewater
                                       treatment units (as those terms are
                                       defined in 40 CFR 260.10). If wastes are
                                       introduced directly into these units
                                       v.-ithout prior storage, the units are not
                                       required to obtain a permit or comply
                                       with the interim status requirements
                                       under the hazardous waste rules. This is
                                       because the Agency has exempted these
                                       nfo 7SS  .f substantive requirements
                                       §  »«n  ' 'he Permit requirements of
                                       Part 270, and the interim status
                                       requirements of Part 265. (See 40 CFR
                                      ^ «8if?]La??270-WW> and40CFR
                                      265.I(c)(lO). However. EPA's manifest
                                      system regulations require that a
                                      generator send hazardous waste only to
                                      I ,™S,!f a!fd facility-" As Provided in
                                      § 260.10, a designated facility must have
                                      an pA permit or a permit from an
                                      authorized state, comply with the
                                      interim status requirements, or be a
                                      facility regulated under the special
                                      provisions of § 261.6(c)(2).
                                       Consequently, these two rules are in
                                      conflict. Elementary neutralization units
                                      and wastewater treatment units (other
                                      than publicly owned treatment works
                                     (POTWs) that are permitted-by-rule
                                     under 5 270.60) meet none of the
                                     conditions of a designated unit and,
                                     under present rules, are unable to
                                     receive hazardous waste from off-site
                                     being transported under the provisions
                                     of 40 CFR Part 263. Accordingly, the
                                     Agency is amending the regulations so
                                     tnat elementary neutralization units and
                                     wastewater treatment units that do not
                                     store before treatment can receive
                                     hazardous wastes from off-site.
                                       The proposal would first amend  the
                                     definition of "designated facility" under
                                     § 260.10 so that elementary
                                    neutralization waste and wastewater
                                    treatment units that are exempt from
                                    regulation would be considered a
                                    designated facility. In addition. $ 265.19
                                    is added to Subpart B of Part 265. which
                                    states that elementary neutralization
                                    units and wastewater treatment units
                                    that receive hazardous wastes from off-
                                    site without storing them are required to
                                    obtain an identification number
                                    pursuant to § 262.12. and  to comply with
                                    the manifest requirements under
                                    §§ 265.71.  265.72 and 285.76.
                                                               authorized states have primary
                                                               enforcement responsibility.
                                                                Prior to the Hazardous and Solid
                                                               Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA) a
                                                               state with final authorization
                                                               administered its hazardous waste
                                                               program entirely in lieu of EPA
                                                               administering the Federal program in
                                                               that state. The Federal requirements no
                                                              longer applied in the authorized state,
                                                              and EPA could not issue permits for any
                                                              facilities in the  state that the state was
                                                              authorized to permit. When new, more
                                                              stringent Federal requirements were
                                                              promulgated or enacted, the state was
                                                              obligated to enact equivalent authority
                                                              within specified time frames. New
                                                              Federal requirements did not take effect
                                                              in an authorized state until the state
                                                              adopted the requirements as state law.
                                                               In contrast, under section 3006fal of
                                                              RCRA, 42 U.S.C. 6926(g), new
                                                              requirements and prohibitions imposed
                                                              by HSWA take effect in authorized
                                                              states at the same time that they take
                                                              effect in nonauthorized states. EPA is
                                                             directed to carry out those requirements
                                                             and prohibitions in authorized states,
                                                             including the issuance of permits, until
                                                             the state is granted authorization to do
                                                             so. While states must still adopt HSWA-
                                                             related provisions as state law to retain
                                                             final authorization. HSWA provisions
                                                             apply in authorized states in the interim
                                   VL State Authority

                                   A. Applicability of Rules in Authorized
                                   States
                                     Under section 3006 of RCRA. EPA
                                   may authorize qualified states to
                                   administer and enforce the RCRA
                                   program within the state. (See 40 CFR
                                   Part 271 for the standards and
                                   requirements for authorization.)
                                   Following authorization, EPA retains
                                   enforcement authority under sections
                                   3008. 7003. and 3013 of RCRA, although
                                                            B. Effect on State Authorizations
                                                              EPA believes that today's
                                                            announcement proposes standards that
                                                            would not be effective in authorized
                                                            states since the requirements would not
                                                            be imposed pursuant to the Hazardous
                                                            and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984.
                                                            Thus, EPA is proposing that the
                                                            requirements would be applicable only
                                                            in Uiose states that did not have interim
                                                            or final authorization. In authorized
                                                            states, the requirements would not be
                                                            applicable until the state revises its
                                                            program to adopt equivalent
                                                            requirements under state law. However,
                                                            HWTC has suggested that the
                                                            requirements proposed today should be
                                                            characterized as HSWA-imposed
                                                            standards because of the HSWA
                                                            legislative history encouraging EPA to
                                                          .  develop expedited permitting	,   .
                                                            procedures for MTUs and the need for
                                                            MTUs in implementing  the goals of
                                                            HSWA. Although EPA disagrees with
                                                            this characterization, the Agency solicits
                                                           comments on the approach suggested by
                                                           rlWTG*
                                                             It should be noted that authorized
                                                           states are only required to modify their
                                                           programs when EPA promulgates
                                                           Federal standards than are more
                                                           stringent or broader in scope that the
                                                           existing Federal standards. For those

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                  Federal Register  /Vol. 52.  No. 106  / Wednesday.  June 3.  1987 /. Proposed
                                                                                                                2O931
   Federal program changes that are less
   stringent to reduce the scope of the
   Federal program, states are not required
   to modify their programs. This  is  a result
   of section 3009 of RCRA which allows
.   states to impose standards in addition to
   those m the Federal program. The
   amendments proposed in today's rule
   are considered to be less stringent than
   or reduce the sco.pe of the existing
   Federal requirements. Therefore,
   authorized states would not be required
   to modify their programs to adopt
  requirements equivalent or substantially
  equivalent to the provisions listed
  above.

  VII. Regulatory Analysis

  A. Regulatory Impact Analysis

    Under Executive Order 12291, EPA
  must judge whether a regulation is
  "major" and, if so must prepare a
  Regulatory Impact Analysis. The notice
  published today is not major because
  the rule will not result in an annual
  effect on the economy of $100 million or
  more; will not resut in increased costs or
  prices; will not  have significant  adverse
  effects on competition, employment,
  investment, productivity, or innovation:
  and will not significantly disrupt
  domestic or export markets. Therefore,
  EPA is not developing a Regulatory
  Impact Analysis in connection with this
  proposed rule.
   The proposed rule was submitted to
  the Office of Management and Budget
  (OMB) for review as required by
 Executive Order 12291.

 B. Regulatory Flexibility Act

.   Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility
 Act. 5 U.S.C. 601 et. seq., EPA is
 required to determine whether a
 regulation will have a significant impact
 on a substantial number of small
entities. For any rule which has such an
 impact. EPA must prepare a regulatory
flexibility analytic No regulatory
flexibility analy«i» u required where the
Administrator certifies that the rule will
not have a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small
entities.
   The amendments proposed today
merely provide additional flexibility for
hazardous  waste treatment, storage, and
disposal facilities to respond to new
requirements and do not affect the
compliance burdens of the regulated
community. Therefore, pursuant  to  5
U.S.C. 601(b), I certify that this
regulation will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small  entities.
  C. Paperwork Reduction Act
    In accordance with the Paperwork
  Reduction Act .of 1980 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et
  seq.)i!pPA must,esiimate the paperwork
  burden'created'b'y any information
  collection request contained in a
  proposed or final rule. This proposal
  does not impose new information
  requirements but instead changes  the
  procedures for submittal of information
  currently required. The proposal in fact
  will result in a decreased burden for the
  applicant by eliminating submitted
  duplicate information for multiple  sites
  at which the MTU will operate. The
  information collection requirements
  contained in this proposal have been
  previouly approved by OMB and were
  assigned OMB control number 3510-3.
  List of Subjects
 40 CFR Part 260
   Hazardous waste, Delisting,
 Designated facility.
 40 CFR Part 265
   Hazardous waste, Reporting and
 recordkeeping requirements, Waste
 treatment and disposal.

 40 CFR Part 270
   Administrative practice and
 procedure. Hazardous waste. Reporting
 and recordkeeping requirements, Permit
 application requirements. Waste
 treatment and disposal.
  Dated: May 21,1987.
 Lee M. Thomas,
 Administrator.
  For the reasons set out in the
 preamble, it is proposed to amend Title
 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations as
 follows:

 PART 260—HAZARDOUS WASTE
 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: GENERAL

  1. The authority citation for Part 260
 continues to read as follows:
  Authority: Sees. 1006. 2002(a). 3001 through
 3007. 3010. 3014. 3015. 3017. 3018,1019, and
 7004 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act. as
 amended by the Resource Conservation and
 Recovery Act of 1978, as amended (42 U.S.C.
6905. 6912(a). 6921 through 6927, 6930, 6934.
6935. 6937. 6938, 6939, and 6974).
  2. Section 260.10 is amended by
revising the definition of "designated
facility" to read as follows:

§260.10  Definition*.
 •    *     *    *    *
  "Designated facility" means a
hazardous waste treatment, storage, or
disposal facility which has received an
EPA permit (or a facility with interim
status) in accordance with the
requirements of Parts 270 and 124 of this
 chapter, a permit from a State
 authorized in accordance with Part 2~1
 of this chapter, or that is regulated under
 § 261.6(c)(2), § 265.19. or Subpart F of
 Part 266 of this chapter and that has
 been designated on the manifest by the
 generator pursuant to § 262.20.
 *    *    •    *     *

   3. Section 260.20 is revised  to read as
 follows:

 § 260.20   General.
   (a) Any person may petition the
 Administrator to modify or revoke any
 provision in Parts 260 through 266 and"
 268 of this chapter. In addition, any
 person may petition the Director (as that
 term is defined in 40 CFR 270.2) to
 exclude a waste at a particular facility
 where the petition is submitted as part
 of the permit application. This section
 sets forth the general requirements
 which apply to all such petitions.
 Section 260.21 sets forth the additional
 requirements for petitions to add a
 testing or analytical method to Part 261,
 264. or 265. Section 260.22 or 270.22 sets
 forth the additional requirements for
 petitions to exclude a waste at a
 particular facility from §261.3 of this
 chapter or the lists of hazardous wastes
 in Subpart D of Part 261.  "
  (b) Each petition must be submitted  to
 the Administrator or the Director (where
 the petition is  submitted as  part of the
 permit application) by certified mail and
 must include:
  (1) The  petitioner's name  and address:
  (2) A statement of the petitioner's
 interest in the  proposed action:
  (3) A Description of the proposed
 action, including (where appropriate)
 suggested regulatory or permit language:
 and
  (4) A statement of the need  and
justification for the proposed action.
including any supporting tests, studies,
or other information.
  (c) Except as provided in paragraph (f)
of this section, the Administrator will
make a tentative decision to grant or
deny a petition and will publish notice
of such tentative decision, either in the
form of an advanced notice of proposed
rulemaking, a proposed rule, or a
tentative determination to deny the
petition, in the Federal Register for
written public  comment.
  (d) Except as provided in paragraph
(f) of this section, the Administrator.
upon written request of any interested
party, may, at  his discretion hold an
informal public hearing to consider oral
comments on the tentative decision. A
person requesting a hearing must state
the  issues to be raised and explain why
written comments would not suffice to
communicate the person's views. The

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     20332
                                                                                _,  _  l     l
     Administrator may in any case decide
      {e) Except as provided
    of this section, the Adminisr
    evaluating all public comments. will
    !h! r£ ^f Ide9isfon b* Pushing in
    the Federal Register a regulatory
    at?n A  Cnt or a denial of toe Petition
    ,. "{.Any petition that is submitted to

    Jo^S?!8,3 that,teJm i3 defined in
    40 U-R 2/0.2) to exclude a waste at a
    Particular facility where the petition is
    submitted as part of the permit
    application will follow the notice and
    ^MI?oeiltrPr°S^re3 "P^fied at 40 CFR
    Part 124. In addition, at the time the
    Director publishes notice of the draft
    permit, in accordance with 40 CFR
    124.10. the Director shall publish a
    Federal Register notice:
     (I) Stating that the Director is
   proposing to issue a delisting petition
   submitted as part of a permit
   application;
     (2) Identifying whether the Director's
   proposed decision is to grant or deny the
   petition;
    (3) Identifying the petitioner, the
   fJcllity, and the waste for which
   dulisting wa» sought;
    (4) Identifying the name, address, and
   telephone number of an Agency contact
   from whom further information may be
   obtained, including a copy of the
   Director1* proposed delisting decision;
   0
    determined to be nonhazardous
    pursuant to §§ 270.22 and 270.32(e).
    (5) Announcing a public comment
  period of at least 30 days.
    4. Section 260.22 is amended by
  revising the introductory text of
  paragraph (a) and the first sentence of
  paragraph (bj to read as follows:

  IX2  p*wlon* to am*nd Part 261 to
  CXClUda • W^ttm nmrfcn  . I .«. - ___».  .
   (a) Any person seeking Jo exclude a
 waste at a particular generating facility
 from the list, in Subpart D ofPirt 261
 n;ay either petition for a rag»taory
 amendment under thit mcflaM and
 § 260.20, or may use th* psooidures
 specified in ${ 270.22 and »O32fe] fa
 the case of a treatment aaM or facility
 uh!ch meets the reqnireMti of those
 provisions. To be successful:
    PART 265—INTERIM STATUS
    STANDARDS FOR OWNERS AND
    OPERATORS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
    TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND
    DISPOSAL FACILITIES

     5. The authority citation for Part 265
    continues to read as follows:
     Authority: Sec». 1006,2002-2°.may »'so be ased to petition
 ine Administrator for regulatory
 fV/ovlir6"!? lo exclnde &«" * 261.3
 {d)(2)(ii) or fc) a waste which is
 described fn those sections and is a
 waste that is listed in Subpart D. or that
 contains a waste Ksted in Subpart D, or
 that is derived from a waste listed in
bubpart D, unless the waste is a
treatment residue which has been
    "iT8*0*1008k 2a* *»•. 3007. 301
 and 7004 of th« Solid Waste Disposal Aita
 amended by the Resource Conservation and
 Recovery Act of 1978. i* amended (42 U.S.C
 8905.6«a 0025. 8827.8839. and «B74).
  9. In Part 270. 5 270.22 is added to
 Subpart B to read as follows:'

 §270.22 SpacHic Information
 rcqutrtfiMnts for dMsttng hazardous
 wists.

  Owners and operators of facilities or
units (including mobile treatment units.
as defined under { 270.68) that treat
hazardous waste and seek to have such
                    delisted
             Process must Provide
        A    ype? of inf°nnatton together
        their application for a permit or a
   permit modification to the Director
     (a) All information required under
   5 260.20(b) and 5 260.22; or
     (b) If data on the actual waste is
   unknown, then the applicant must
   submit information required for delisting
   to the best of his or her ability. At a
   minimum this information shall include
   the following:
     (1) All information required under
   5260.20(b);
     (2) A description of the manufacturing
   process or other operations and feed
   materials producing the waste and an
   assessment of whether such processes,
   operations, or feed materials can or may
   produce a waste that is not covered by
   the demonstration;
    (3) A description of the waste and an
  estimate of the average and maximum
  monthly and annual quantities  of waste
  generated;
    (4) A description of the methodologies
  and equipment that will be used to
  obtain the representative samples, a
  description of the tests to be performed
  and of the instruments, including model
  numbers,  to be used in performing the
  tests;
    (5) A description of the  sample
  handling and preparation  techniques,
  including techniques that will be used
  for extraction, containerization  and
  preservation of the samples;
   (6J A detailed sampling  and analysis
  plan that will indicate how the facility
  will collect and analyze representative
  samples of the treatment residue;
   (7) A description of the types of
 materials that will be used in the
 various processes' and the  identity of the
 toxic contaminants that are expected to
 be present in the waste at levels of
 regulatory  concern;
   (•) Such  supplemental information as
 the Director finds necessary and
 appropriate to enable the Director to
 determine if the residues from the
 treatment process will be nonhazardous;
 and
   (9) The information requirements
 underjhis section and  level of detail
 may be waived at the discretion of the
 Director.
  10. In } 270.32, paragraph (e) is
 redesignated as paragraph  (f), and a
 new paragraph (e) is added to read as
 follows;

 $270.32 EstabRsfiln« permit condtttofw.
 •    •    •   •    •
  (e) For permits that incorporate
standards for  detisting of waste residue,
the permittee must demonstrate to the

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                ^Federal Register  /  Vol. 52.  N'p.  106 / Wednesday. June  3. 1987  /  Proposed Rules
                                                                        20933
  satisfaction of the Director that the
  waste will be nonhazardous pursuant to
  §§ -260.20(.a) (1) and (2). If the permittee
  is successful, the Director must establish
  permit conditions for this portion of the
  permit as follows:
    fl) In cases where applicants provide
  all the data required under § 260.20(b)
  and § 260.22. in accordance with
  § 270.22(a), the Director shall set permit
  conditions as follows:
    (ij Maximum levels for the hazardous
  constituents identified in the actual
  waste. If the contaminants in the waste
  exceed these levels, the waste must be
  handled as hazardous.
   (ii) Sampling, analysis, and reporting  •
  requirements as deemed necessary by
  the Director.              &
   (2) In the case where the applicant has
  insufficient information on the waste to
  support a delisting petition under
  § 270.22(a) and applies under
  § 270.22(b), the Director shall set permit
  conditions as follows:
   (i) Identification of the hazardous
  constituents likely to be present in the
  treatment residue as well as the
  maximum levels of those hazardous
  constituents (on the basis of information
 received on the waste feed and the
 treatment process). -
   (ii) Sampling, analysis, and reporting
 requirements sufficient to provide the
 Director with all information required
 under § 260.22 which was not supplied
 at the time of the permit application, as
 well as requirements for periodic
 sampling, analysis, and reporting as
 deemed necessary by the Director.
   (iii) The permittee must handle the
 waste as hazardous until he or she has
 analyzed it in accordance with the
 sampling and analysis requirements of
 § 270.32(e)(l)(ii) above and determined
 that the constituent levels do not exceed
 the maximum levels prescribed in
 1 2ro.32(e)(l)(i).
   (iv) The permittee must submit all
 sampling and analysis data required
 under § 270.32(e)(2)(ii) to support the
 delisting within 90 days from the time of
 treatment of the first batch of waste, or
 later if approved by the Director.
  (v) Together with the information
 required under 5 270.32{e)(2){iii). the
 permittee must submit the following
 statement signed by the permittee or by
 a person authorized to sign a permit
 application or report for the permittee
 under §270.11:
  I certify under penalty of law that I have
 personally examined and am familiar with
 the information submitted in this
demonstration and all attached documents.
and :hat. based on my inquiry of those
invidlJuals immediately responsible for
obtaining the information. I believe that the
submitted information is true, accurate, and
 complete. I am aware that there are
 significant penalties for submitting false
 information, including the possibility of fine
 and imprisonment.;!:.
   (vi) The Directpr will review the data
 submitted in accordance with
 § 270.32(e)(2)(iv) to determine if the
 delisting conditions have been met. In
 the event that the delisting conditions
 specified in the permit are not met, the
 Director will notify the facility owner/
 operator that the waste must be handled
 as a hazardous  waste.
 «    •    «    •    *
   11. In Part 270, § 270.66 is added to
 Subpart F to read as follows:

 § 270.66  Mobile treatment units.
   (a) Applicability. For the purposes of
 this section a "mobile treatment unit" is
 any device or equipment, or
 combination of devices or equipment,
 that treats hazardous waste and that is
 designed to be transported and operated
 at more than one site.
   (b) State-wide mobile treatment
 permits. (1) The Director may issue a
 state-wide permit to a mobile treatment
 unit owner and operator for a specific
 mobile treatment unit and any identical
 units. The permit will specify general
 operating and unit-specific conditions
 that will apply at any facility in the
 State at which the permitted unit
 operates. However, the unit may not
 operate at a facility in the State that
 does not have a  RCRA permit or interim
 status until site-specific conditions have
 been added to the state-wide mobile
 treatment permit, as specified in
 § 270.66(d), and issued as a final RCRA
 permit in accordance with the
 procedures of 40 CFR Part 124.
  (2) State-wide mobile treatment
 permits must be  approved in accordance
 with the permitting procedures of 40
 CFR Part 124 except that the local notice
 and hearing requirements of
 § 124.10{c)(2)(ii)  and $ 124.12(a)(3) do
 not apply. The Director shall provide
 reasonable notice of the draft permit
 throughout the State and opportunity for
 one or more public hearings.
  (3) The final state-wide permit issued
 to a mobile treatment unit will establish
general operating and unit-specific
 conditions that will apply at each site at
 which the unit operates. The permit
 shall:
  (i) Incorporate expressly or by
reference all of the conditions listed in
 i 270.30 and $ 270.31.
  (ii) Assign an identification number
for the permit, with additional
identifying numbers for each unit
operating under the  permit.
  (iii) Require compliance with:
  (A) Sections 264.12. 264.13, 264.16,
264.17. and 264 Subpart E (if applicable);
   (B) Section 264.15. with respect to the
 inspection of all monitoring, safety,
 emergency, and operating equipment
 that are part of the mobile treatment
 unit and will be operated at all
 locations;
   (C) Part 264 Subpart G, with respect to
 final closure of the mobile treatment
 unit, and Subpart H, with respect to
 financial assurance for final closure of
 the mobile treatment unit;
   (D) Part 265 Subpart J,  with respect to
 treatment and waste feed tanks that are
 part of the mobile  treatment unit:
   (E) Part 264 Subpart O  and § 270.62. if
 applicable;
   (F) Part, 264 Subpart X, if applicable:
 and
   (G) Part, 269  Subpart C, if applicable,
   (iv) Include any  other conditions the
 Director determines to be necessary to
 protect human  health and the
 environment.
   (4) With the approval of the permit
 applicant, the Director may waive any
 of these  permit conditons in the state-
 wide permit. However, any waived
 conditions must be included in all site-
 specific RCRA  operating  permits for the
 mobile unit issued in accordance with
 §  270.66(d).
   (5) The state-wide mobile treatment
 permit may be  modified after approval
 by the Director under the procedures of
 i  270.41  or 5 270.42.
   (c) Application for a state-wide
 mobile treatment permit. An-applicant
 for a state-wide mobile treatment permit
 under this section must submit the
 following information to the Director:
   (1) A Part A permit application
 containing:
   (i) Identifying numbers or other means
 of identification for each  of the units for
 which a permit is requested.
   (ii) The information required in
 § 270.13(a).
   {iii] The address of the  location where
 the mobile treatment unit will be stored
 when not in use.
   (iv) The information required by
 § 270.13(c), as it applies to the types of
 sites at which the applicant proposes to
 operate.
  (v) The information required by
 5 270.13(d) and  (g), as it applies to the
mobile treatment unit or units.
  (vi) The information required by
 § 270.13(i).
  (vii) The class codes of the hazardous
wastes listed or designated under 40
CFR Part 261  that can be  treated  by the
mobile treatment unit and for which a
permit is requested.
  (viii) Where the application is for
more than one unit, a certification by a
requistered professional engineer that
the units are identical.

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      (2) A Part B permit application
    containing:
      /!Ji ™P"eraI descn'P<>°n of the unit.
    s J-n l<,l!Pformation re 0.14(b)(5), with respect to the
    inspection of all monitoring, safety
    emergency, and operating equipment
    that are part of the mobile treatment
    unit and will be used at all locations.
      (v) The information required bv
    § 270.14{b){9) and (12). 4       y
      fvi) The information required bv

        /b13a
   „„„__ 4 .  11   i.   . I  / "* UHS rail, *VIlIj
   respect to the final closure of the mobile
   treatment unit.
     (vii) The information required by
   5fai4(b)(17)and(18). ^      y
     (viii) The information required by
   § 270.16. with respect to any treatment
   and waste feed tanks that are part of the
   mobile treatment unit.
     (ix) The information required by
   5 F?'i9 and,5 270-62-as applicable.
     (XJ Any other information the Director
   may reasonably need to establish state-
   wide permit conditions that will protect
   health and the environment.
    (Q) Site-specific operating permit. (1)
   A mobile treatment unit may not  operate
   under this section until a site-specific
  operating permit has been issued for the
  facility at which the unit will operate A
  site-specific operating permit includes
  both the state-wide permit conditions
  and the site-specific conditions that are
  applicable to the site at which the unit
  will operate. The site-specific permit
  must be issued in accordance with the
  procedures of 40 CFR Part 124. The
  owener or operator of a mobile
  treatment unit or of the facility at  which
  a unit will operate may request approval
  of a site-specific operating permit  as
  part of the state-wide permit
  application.
   (2} If approval of site-specific
 conditions is requested in. tfaa
 application for a state-wid«p«rmit. the
 Director shall provide local notice  and
 opportunity for hearing, pursuant to 40
 CFR Part 124. on both the sUU-wide
 and the site-specific condltonm at each
 site at which the unit will operate  The
 draft permit must indicate which
 conditons are state-wide and which are
 site-specific. The Director may
 consolidate hearings as long as the
 location of the consolidated hearing is
 convenient to the population centers
 nearest to the proposed sites.
   (3) If approval of a site-specific
operating permit is requested for a
mobile treatment unit to which a state-
wide permit has been issued, the
Director shall publish for local comment.
    m accordance with the permit issuance
    procedures of 40 CFR Part 124. the state-
    wide mobile treatment permit together
    with draft site-specific permit conditons.
    The terms of the mobile treatment
    permit shall be incorporated into the
    final site-specific operating permit
    unless the Director detemines that they
    are inadequate to protect human health
    and the environment at the site.
     [4) The final permit issued under this
    section shall include all applicable
   permit requirements of Parts 264, 269
   and 270 not already included in the
   state-wide permit and shall specifically:
     (ij Identify by number each unit
   permitted to operate at the site.
     (ii) Identify the duration of the permit
   for that specific site. The term of the
   permit must not exceed ten years.
     (iii) With respect to the operations of
   the mobile treatment unit and related
   activities, require compliance with:
     (A) The security standards of § 264.14
   and the inspection requirements of
   S 264.15, to the extent that they are not
   already covered in the state-wide
  permit.
    (B] The location standards of { 264.18,
  the preparedness and prevention
  requirements of Part 264 Subpart C, and
  the contingency plan and emergency
  procedure requirements of Part 264
  Subpart D.
    (C) The financial assurance
  requirements of Part 284 Subpart H as
  they apply to closure at the site of
  operation.
    (D) The requirements of Part 264
  Subpart I; Subpart J, with respect to
  storage and pretreatment tanks at the
  location that are not part of the mobile
  treatment unit and covered by the state-
  wide permit; and Subpart L. if
  applicable.
    (E) The corrective action requirements
 of § 264.100. ai they apply to releases of
 hazardous wastes or hazardous
 constituents from the mobile treatment
 unit or from associated activities at the
 facility conducted by the mobile
 treatment owner and operator.
   (iv) Require that the facility owner
 comply with:
   (A) The corrective action
 requirements of { 284.100. as they apply
 to releases of hazardous waste or
 hazardous constituents from solid waste
 management units on the facility.
   (B) The financial assurance
 requirements of Part 264 Subpart H as
 they apply to corrective action.
   (C) All appropriate permitting
 requirements for hazardous waste
 management units on the facility that
 are not under the control of the mobile
 treatment unit owner and operator.
  (v) Incorporate expressly or by
reference the statewide mobile
   treatment permit for the unit or units to
   be located at the facility.
     (vi) Include any other conditions the
   Director determines to be necessary to
   protect human health  and the
   environment.
     (e) Application for a site-specific
   operating permit. An applicant for a
   site-specific operating permit under this
   section must submit to the Director all
   applicable information required in
   § 270.13. S 270.14. and  S 270.62 that has
   not already been submitted in the state-
   wide mobile treatment permit
   application. This information shall
   include:
    [1} A Part A permit application
   containing:
    (i) The information required in
   § 270.13. as it applies to the facility
   seeking the permit
    (ii) The schedule of operations at the
  facility, to the extent it is known at the
  time of permit application.
    (2) A Part B application containing:
    (i) The information required in
  5 270.14(b)(l). (b)(4), (b)(6), (b)(7).
  (b)(10). (b)(ll). (b)(14). and (b)(19).
    (ii) The information required in
  § 270.18 with respect to storage_and
  pretreatment tanks at the location that
  are not covered in the state-wide permit
  conditions, and the information on
  containers in $ 270.15 and waste piles in
  5 270.17. if applicable.
   (iii) The inspection information
  required in i 270.14(b)(5) with respect to
  structures installed at the. location and
  equipment not covered in the state-wide
  permit conditions.
   (iv) The information required in
  § 270.14(b)(13) and (b)(15). with respect
 to interim closure of the mobile
 treatment unit and final closure of any
 structures or equipment left at the
 location.
   (v) Any other information the Director
 may reasonably need to establish site-
 specific conditions that will protect
 human health and  the environment.
   (3) A copy or the identifying number
 of the state-wide mobile treatment
 permit for each mobile unit to be located
 at the facility, if the units have been
 issued final state-wide permits. If the
 units have not been issued final state-
 wide mobile treatment permits, permit
 applications under this section must also
 contain the information required in
 S 270.66(c).
  (f) Conditions applicable to all mobile
 treatment units—(1) Treatment ichedule
 ana notices. Unless otherwise specified
 in the site-specific permit, a mobile
 treatment unit may operate at the site
specified in the permit at any time
during the life of the permit and may
return repeatedly to the site without the

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                                     _Vol. 52.  \'o.  106 /  Wednesday.  June 3. 1987  /  Proposed  RuJes
20935
 issuance of a new perm;: or
 modification. The perm:- may in'c':V;.jft
 the requirement that the owner or '  '
 operator of the mobile treatmer.! jr.it
 provide notice to the Director, st.jte'or
 •uciii c:'f:i.:,iis, or local emergency
 rf.--ipor.se off-.i.u.s before arrival and
 optrr,it:.in of -hd u.-it at the facility.
   '-I Afc.?."> •••.•>•.  A m-.'bi!e t.ink unit  that
 noes not meet the requirements of 40
 CrR 264.197 or a rr.cbiie incinerator  that
 does not meet the requirements  of 40
 CFR 264.315 before leaving a site, must
 comply with the requirements df 40 CFR
 Parts 262 and  263.
[FR Doc 8--1C365 Flied 6-2-87: 8:45  am]
BILLING CODE 8560-50-M

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