-------
T3
ID
3
C
jj
c
o
u
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1
>-<
l-l
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Ł1
18
h-
0 AND ASSOCIATED COST ASSUMPTIONS
i-i '
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5. Set discharge from flow reduction
c
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10
0)
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to
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o
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c
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(4-
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nd equipment equal to actual plant reduc
n flow.
B.
a * c
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a
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a-^ r
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1- *• 18
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tfl C
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D a
XI (0
*— / r— -4-1
tfl —
< 3 3
C U 01
0 18 L
•M 01 -D
ax: c .
O -P (8
6. Set discharge from flow reduction
nd equipment equal to Option B.
wn,
10 O
c .*
to ^~^ c.
r: m 3
c u
in o T-
w ••-
0) -K O
— a-r-
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7. Set discharge equal to actual plant
flow.
c
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01 3
U T>
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n techniques (i.e., holding, tanks, cooling
ed as: R = Option A Flow - Option B Flow*
Option A Flow
0 V
•^ 10
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I- O
3. 01
OS 01
— o x:
U. -H f-
^
ulated as:
u
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a
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•r-
4-1
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01
—
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>,
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01
L
+j
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e~
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After Flow Reduction
uction
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•—
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o q-
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3
to
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m
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z
s flow reduction.
iltration with in-process flow reduction.
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O ™~
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a 01
1 E
c •<-
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^-
r 3
-*-• 6
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10 ra
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0) 0) 0)
E E E
IJ II II
II II II
< m u
c c c
o o o
»r- «(- -r-
a a a
000
1527
-------
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01 tJ «J T3
o >
on— o
v- a a A
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za
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SO)
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•s, "O ^ *^ (0 "^
O •*- O O OJ O
O 13 O o I- O
A ••- V A E A
1528
-------
Table VIII-15
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING
SOLID WASTE GENERATION (kkg/yr)
Subcategory
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Magnesium Forming
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Precious Metals Forming
Refractory Metals Forming
Titanium Forming
Uranium Forming
Zinc Forming
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Metal Powders
BPT
9.68
189
81.7
19.0
162
705
150
99.6
65.6
27.4
BAT
11.2
191
113
22.3
196
901
153
101
80.3
27.4
PSES
22.2
33.2
3,800
58.7
1,130
1,710
0
0
2.23
273
1529
-------
Table VIII-16
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING
ENERGY CONSUMPTION (1000 kW-hr/yr)
Subcategory
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Magnesium Forming
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Precious Metals Forming
Refractory Metals Forming
Titanium Forming
Uranium Forming
Zinc Forming
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Metal Powders
BPT
330
110
880
440.
330
880
220
110
440
330
BAT
330
110
880
440
330
880
220
110
440
330
PSES
890
50
950
1,160
1,260
580
50
110
1,310
1530
-------
CREATE DATA FILES
FOR AUTOMATIC
DATA ENTRY
( START J
USER INPUT
MAIN DESIGN ROUTINE
TO CALL REQUIRED
MODULES
DESIGN
MODULE 2
DESIGN
MODULE 3
DESIGN
MODULE N
J
OUTPUT DESIGN
VALUES &
MATERIAL BALANCE
(OPTIONAL)
MAIN COST ROUTINE
TO CAU. REQUIRED
MODULES
CALCULATE SYSTEM
COSTS
rSINT COST RESULTS
±
TRANSFER RESULTS
TO DISK DATA FILES
1
r
C
Figure VIII-1
GENERAL LOGIC DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER COST MODEL
1531
-------
Figure VIII-2
LOGIC DIAGRAM OF MODULE DESIGN PROCEDURE
1532
-------
DESIGN VALUES
AND CONFIGURATION
TOOM MATERIAL
BALANCE PROGRAM
Figure VIII-3
LOGIC DIAGRAM OF THE COST ESTIMATION ROUTINE
1533
-------
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1551
-------
-------
SECTION IX
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
.CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
This section defines the effluent characteristics attainable
through the application of best practicable control technology
currently available (BPT), Section 301(b)(1)(A). BPT reflects
the average of the best existing performance by plants of various
sizes, ages, and manufacturing processes within the nonferrous
metals forming category.
The factors considered in identifying BPT include the total cost
of applying the technology in relation to the effluent reduction
benefits from such application, the age of equipment and facili-
ties involved, the manufacturing processes employed, nonwatef
quality environmental impacts (including energy requirements)/
and other factors the Administrator considers appropriate. In
general, the BPT level represents the average of the best exist-
ing performances of plants of various ages, sizes, processes, or
other common characteristics. Where existing performance is
uniformly inadequate, BPT may be transferred from a different
subcategory or category. Limitations based on transfer of
technology are supported by a rationale concluding that the
technology is, indeed, transferable, and a reasonable prediction
that it will be capable of achieving the prescribed effluent
limits. See Tanner's Council of America v. Train, 540 F..2d 1188
(4th Cir. 1976). BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment rather
than process changes or internal controls, except where such
practices are common industry practice.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT
The Agency studied the nonferrous metals forming category to
identify the manufacturing processes used and wastewaters gener-
ated during nonferrous metals forming. Information was collected
from industry using data collection portfolios, and wastewaters
from specific plants were sampled and analyzed. The Agency used
these data to subcategorize the category and determine what
constitutes an appropriate BPT. The factors which were con-
sidered in establishing subcategories are' discussed fully in
Section IV. Nonwater quality impacts and energy requirements are
considered in Section VIII.
The category has been subcategorized, for the purpose of regula-
tion, on the basis of metal type formed. Each subcategory is
further divided into specific wastewater sources associated with
specific manufacturing operations. The regulation establishes
pollutant discharge limitations for each source of process
wastewater identified within the subcategory. This approach to
regulation is referred to as the building block approach with
each waste stream being a building block. Compliance with the
regulation is determined on an overall plant basis rather than
for individual building blocks. The building block approach is
1553
-------
useful for this category since many nonferrous metals
*
«
show that thS tfeatment scheme detailed below will remove all
^llutantB present in significant concentrations to an acceptable
level.
SSara Separate preliminary treatment steps for chromium
reduction, lmu?sionl breaking, cyanide removal, and ammonia
asrvs.
inarv
steps (when necessary) and chemical
-
ion
1554
-------
prior to combined wastewater treatment. The basis for perfor-
mance of these treatment technologies is set forth in substantial
detail in Section VII.
For each of the subcategories, a specific approach was followed
for the development of BPT mass limitations. To account for
production and flow variability from plant to plant, a unit of
production or production normalizing parameter (PNP) was deter-
mined for each operation which could then be related to the flow
from the operation to determine a production normalized flow. As
discussed in Section IV, the PNP for the nonferrous metals
forming category is off-metric ton (the metric tons of metal
removed from a forming operation or associated operation at the
end of a process cycle), with one exception. Laundry washwater
in the uranium forming subcategory is normalized to employee-day.
Each subcategory was analyzed to determine: (1) which operations
included generated wastewater, (2) specific flow rates generated,
and (3) specific production normalized flows for each operation.
The normalized flows were then analyzed to determine which flow
was to be used as the basis for BPT mass limitations for that
operation. The selected flow (referred to as the BPT regulatory
flow), reflects the water use controls which are common practices
within the industry. The overall effectiveness of end-of-pipe
treatment for the removal of wastewater pollutants is improved by
the application of water flow controls within the process to
limit the volume of wastewater requiring treatment. However, the
controls or in-process technologies recommended under BPT include
only those measures which are commonly practiced within the
category or subcategory. Except for recycle of lubricating
emulsions, most plants in this category do not have flow
reduction in place. Therefore, flow reduction is not generally
included as part of the BPT technology.
In general, the BPT regulatory flows are based on the average of
all applicable data. However, for some waste streams with a
large range of production normalized flows the median was used as
the basis for the BPT regulatory flow. The Agency believes the
median is more representative of the current typical water use
for these waste streams than the average. Plants with existing
flows above the average or median may have to implement some
method of flow reduction to achieve the BPT limitations. In most
cases, this will involve improving house-keeping practices,
better maintenance to limit water leakage, or reducing excess
flow by turning down a flow valve. It is not believed that these
modifications will generate any significant costs for the plants.
In fact, these plants should save money by reducing water
consumption.
Pollutant discharge limitations for this category are expressed
as mass loadings, i.e., allowable mass of pollutant discharge per
off-kilogram of production (mg/off-kg). Mass loadings were
calculated for 'each operation (building block) within each
subcategory. The mass loadings were calculated by multiplying
the BPT regulatory flow (1/off-kkg) for the operation by the
1555
-------
effluent concentration achievable by the BPT treatment, technology
(mg/1). Table VII-21 presents the effluent concentrations
achievable by the BPT model treatment train for the pollutants
regulated in each subcategory. These concentrations are based on
the performance of chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime
and settle) when applied to a broad range of metal-bearing waste-
waters, with preliminary treatment, when necessary. The deriva-
tion of these achievable effluent concentrations is discussed in
substantial detail in Section VII.
In deriving mass limitations from the BPT model treatment tech-
nology, the Agency assumed that all wastewaters generated within
a subcategory were combined for treatment in a single or common
treatment system for that subcategory, even though flow and
sometimes pollutant characteristics of process wastewater 'streams
vary within the subcategory. A disadvantage of common treatment
is that some loss in pollutant removal effectiveness will result
where waste streams containing specific pollutants at treatable
levels are combined with other streams in which these same
pollutants are absent or present at very low concentrations.
Under these circumstances a plant may prefer to segregate these
waste streams and bypass treatment. Since treatment systems
considered under BPT are primarily for metals, oil and grease,
and suspended solids removal, and many existing plants usually
had one common treatment system in place for these pollutants, it
is reasonable to assume a common treatment system for each
subcategory to calculate the system's cost and effectiveness.
Regulated Pollutant Parameters
In Section VI, priority pollutant parameters are selected for
consideration for regulation in the nonferrous metals forming
subcategories because of their frequent presence at treatable
concentrations in raw wastewaters. The selected pollutant
parameters include total suspended solids- oil and grease, and pH
which are regulated in every subcategory, i'rJ.writy metals are
also regulated in every subcategory, though the specific metals
regulated vary. Nonconventional pollutants selected for
regulation also vary . with different subcategories.
Nonconventional pollutants regulated in one or more subcategories
include ammonia, fluoride, and molybdenum. The basis for
regulating total suspended solids, oil and grease, and pH is
discussed below. Selection of priority and nonconventional
pollutants for regulation will be included in the individual
subcategory discussions presented later in this section since
regulated priority metal and nonconventional pollutants vary with
the different subcategories.
Total suspended solids, in addition to being present at high
concentrations in raw wastewater from nonferrous metals forming
operations, is an important control parameter for metals removal
in chemical precipitation and settling treatment systems. Metals
are precipitated as insoluble metal hydroxides, and effective
solids removal is required in order to ensure reduced levels of
regulated metals in the treatment system effluent. Therefore, '
i
1556
-------
total suspended solids are regulated as a conventional pollutant
to be removed from the wastewater prior to discharge.
Oil and grease is regulated under BPT since a number of nonfer-
rous^metals forming operations (i.e., rolling, sawing, grinding,
drawing, extrusion) generate emulsified wastewater streams which
may be discharged. In addition, the equipment used to form
nonferrous metals use significant quantities of oil as machinery
lubricant or hydraulic fluid, these oils frequently get into the
process wastewater as tramp oils.
The importance of pH control is documented in Section VII and its
importance in metals removal technology cannot be overemphasized.
Even small excursions from the optimum pH level can result in
less than optimum functioning of the treatment system and inabil-
ity to achieve specified results. The optimum operating level
for removal of most metals is usually pH 8.8 to 9.3. However
nickel, cadmium, and silver require higher pH for optimal
removal. To allow a reasonable operating margin and to preclude
the need for final pH adjustment, the effluent pH is specified to
be within the range of 7.5 to 10.
The remainder of this section describes the development of BPT
mass loadings for each subcategory. The development of BPT
regulatory flows for each operation in each subcategory is pre-
sented in detail. The pollutants selected and excluded from
regulation, and the cost and benefit of the regulation at BPT are
also presented.
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate wastewater in the lead-tin-
bismuth forming subcategory include rolling, drawing, extrusion,
swaging, continuous strip casting, semi-continuous ingot casting
shot casting, shot forming, alkaline cleaning, and degreasing.
Water use practices, wastewater streams, and wastewater discharge
flows from these operations were discussed in Section V. This
information provided the basis for development of the BPT regula-
tory flow allowances summarized in Table IX-11.' The following
paragraphs discuss the basis for the BPT flow allowances for each
waste stream.
The
Rolling
Rolling is performed at 26 plants in this subcategory.
following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 7
Number of plants and operations using soap solution lubricant:
X •
No lubricants were reported to be used in over 15 rolling opera-
tions.
1557
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Lead-Tin-Bismuth Rolling Spent Emulsions. All of the operations
usingrollingemulsions completely recycle the emulsions and
periodically batch dump them when they become spent. The spent
emulsion from one operation is incinerated; the spent emulsion
from one operation is applied to land; and the spent emulsion
from five operations is contract hauled. Spent emulsions which
are contract hauled off-site typically receive some type of
emulsion breaking (chemical or thermal) and oil skimming treat-
ment. After this treatment the water fraction is discharged and
the oil fraction is either sent to a reclaiming operation or
landfilled directly. Since spent emulsions are often treated on-
site and the water discharged (with the oil fraction contract
hauled), EPA is allowing a discharge for this waste stream. The
BPT discharge allowance is 23.4 1/kkg (5.60 gal/ton),.the average
of the six reported production normalized discharge flows.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Rolling Spent Soap Solutions. The one operation
usingrollingsoap solutions applies and discharges 43.0 1/kkg
(10.3 gal/ton). Therefore, the BPT discharge allowance is 43.0
1/kkg (10.3 gal/ton).
Drawing
Drawing is performed at 26 plants in the- lead-tin-bismuth forming
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 3
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 6
plants, 8 operations.
Number of plants and operations using soap solution lubricant-
coolant: 2.
No lubricants were reported, to be used in over five operations.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Drawing Spent Neat Oils. None of the three
operations using neat oils discharge any of the lubricant. Two
achieve zero discharge through total recycle and one contract
hauls batches of the spent neat oils periodically. Since neat
oils are pure oil streams, with no water fraction, it is better
to remove the oil directly by contract hauling and not to dis-
charge the stream than to commingle the oil with water streams
and then remove it later using an oil-water separation process.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Drawing Spent Emulsions. Six of the eight
operations using emulsion lubricants do not discharge spent
emulsion. Two operations periodically discharge the spent
emulsion. Information sufficient to calculate production normal-
ized discharge flows was available for only one of the operations
which discharge the spent emulsion. Four of the six remaining
operations achieve zero discharge through 100 percent recycle of
the emulsions with drag-out on the product surface being the only
loss, while two operations report contract hauling the spent
emulsions after periodic batch dumps. Information sufficient to
1558
-------
calculate production normalized discharge flows was not available
for the operations which contract haul the spent emulsion. Spent
emulsions which are contract hauled off-site typically receive
some type of emulsion breaking (chemical or thermal) and oil
skimming treatment. After this treatment, the water fraction is
discharged and the oil fraction is either sent to a reclaiming
operation or landfilled directly. Since spent emulsions are
often treated on-site and the water discharged (with the oil
fraction contract hauled), EPA is allowing a discharge for this
waste stream. The BPT discharge allowance is 26.3 1/kkg (6.30
gal/ton), the only reported non-zero production normalized
discharge flow.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions.
using soap solutions as a drawing lubricant
One of the two
periodi-
operations
cally discharges the solution. The other operation achieves zero
discharge through total recycle. The BPT discharge allowance is
7.46 1/kkg (1.79 gal/ton), the one reported non-zero production
normalized discharge flow.
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at 43 plants in this subcategory. The
following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 14
plants, 17 operations
Number of plants and operations reporting hydraulic fluid
leakage: 2.
None of the plants reported using water-based lubricants in
extrusion operations.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment
Contact Cooling Water. As discussed in Section III,contact
cooling water is used in extrusion operations, either by spraying
water onto the metal as it emerges from the die or press, or by
direct quenching in a contact water bath. Three operations were
reported to achieve zero discharge by 100 percent recycle and one
operation reported achieving zero discharge by 100 percent
recycle with periodic contract hauling. A discharge with no
recycle is reported for 11 extrusion operations. No water use
data were reported for one of these operations. A discharge with
an unknown recycle rate was reported by two plants. The BPT dis-
charge allowance is the average of the 10 reported non-zero
production normalized discharge flows, 1,440 1/kkg (346 gal/ton).
Production normalized discharge flows for the two operations with
unknown recycle ratios were not included in the average.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. One of
the 43 plants with extrusion operations discharges hydraulic
fluid leakage from an extrusion press. Another plant reported 100
percent recycle of hydraulic fluid leakage. The Agency believes
that other plants in the lead-tin-bismuth forming subcategory use
similar extrusion presses and may have leakage. The BPT dis-
1559
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charge allowance is based on the one reported
normalized discharge f'ow, 55.0 1/kkg (13,2 gal/ton).
Swaging
production
Swaging is performed at five plants in this subcategory. Emul-
sions are used for lubrication in a total or four operations at
three plants. Two plants did not report the use of lubricants in
swaging operations.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Swaging Spent Emulsions. Three of the four
swaging operations which use lubricants achieve zero discharge by
100 percent recycle, with evaporation and drag-out on the product
surface being the only losses. Spent emulsion is batch dis-
charged from the other operation. Spent emulsions which are
contract hauled off-site typically receive some type of emulsion
breaking (chemical or thermal) and oil skimming treatment. After
this treatment, the water fraction is discharged and the oil
fraction is either sent to a reclaiming operation or landfilled
directly. Since the spent emulsions are often treated on-site
and the water discharged (with the oil fraction contract hauled)
by plants in this category and other categories, EPA is allowing
a discharge for this waste stream. The BPT discharge allowance
is 1.77 1/kkg (0.424 gal/ton), the only reported non-zero produc-
tion normalized discharge flow.
Casting
The following information was reported on casting operations in
this subcategory:
Total number of plants: 34
Number of plants and operations with continuous strip casting: 6
LV.mbar using contact cooling water: 5
Number of plants and operations using sern.l-continuous ingot
casting: 3
Number using contact cooling water: 3
Number of plants and operations with shot casting: 3 Number
using contact cooling water: 3
Number of plants and operations with continuous wheel casting: 1
Number using contact cooling water: 0
Number of plants and operations with continuous sheet
casting: 1 Number using contact cooling water: 0
Number of plants and operations with stationary casting (also
referred to as chill casting and mold casting): 26 plants, 28
operations
Number using contact cooling water: 0
Number or plants and operations with shot pressing: 2 Number
1560
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Lead-Tin-Bismuth Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water.
in rive of the six continuous strip casting operations" - the
is c°»letel recycled9 and periSSicaSj
n .
K ™ °ne °Perati°n uses only noncontact cooling water
The BPT discharge allowance is the average of the five reported
production normalized discharges flows, 1.00 1/kkg (0.240
y d -L / L \J li j m
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Semi-Continuous ingot Casting Contact Cooling
Water Water use and discharge data were-^p^te^TToT-only— ŁE§
operation. Contact cooling water from this operation is dis-
charged on a once-through basis. Based on the one Sported
fc
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water. in two of
H,^LJ e™Perati°nS' the contact cooling wateT-Js periodically
dumped. The average of the two reported production normalized
gal/tSn"?? 1S ""* BPT dischar^e allowance, 37.3 1/kkg (S 95
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown.
One plant provided information on shot forming - ft •"reported
using a wet scrubber to control air pollution9 from thl lead
polishing and drying unit operations of a shot forming line The
scrubber water is discharged on a once-through basiJ? The BPT
norm.li.ed water use of the
Alkaline Cleaning
provided information on six alkaline cleaning opera-
Spent baths are
The BP?
the averlge of
Average or
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
discharged from six_ alkiTTHe— ^leinTSg-^i
discharge allowance is 120 1/kkg (28.7 gal/ton) ,
the six production normalized discharge flows.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Four alkaline cleanina
operationS< discharge rinse with no-TĄc7cle. The BPT dischargl
allowance is 2,360 1/kkg (565 gal/ton)/ the average of the four
production normalized water use from the four operations.
Degreasing
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Degreasing Spent Solvents. A small number of
surveyed plants with solventde^Feasing operations have process
wastewater streams associated with the operation. Because most
plants practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge,
the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is the
ate discharge limitation.
1561
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Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The only priority pollutants considered for regula-
tion are antimony and lead. These two pollutants have been
selected for regulation under BPT along with total suspended
solids, oil and grease, and pH. The basis for regulating total
suspended solids, oil and grease, and pH under BPT was discussed
earlier in this section. The basis for regulating antimony and
lead is discussed below.
Antimony has been selected for regulation under BPT since it is
frequently found at treatable concentrations in process waste-
water streams from this subcategory. Treatable antimony concen-
trations were found in shot casting contact cooling water,
alkaline cleaning spent baths, and alkaline cleaning rinse.
Lead has been selected for regulation under BPT since it was
found at treatable concentrations in all process wastewater
samples analyzed from this subcategory and because it is the
metal being processed. The Agency believes that when antimony
and lead are controlled with the application of lime and settle
technology, control of other priority metals which may be present
in process wastewater is assured.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the lead-tin-bismuth forming
subcategory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary,
specifically emulsion breaking and oil skimming. The effluent
from preliminary treatment is combined with other wastewater for
common treatment by oil skimming and lime and settle. Waste
streams potentially needing preliminary chemical emulsion break-
ing are listed in Table IX-1. Figure IX-1 presents a schematic
of the general BPT treatment-train for the nonferrous metals
forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-11 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/off-kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-
kg). The results of this computation for all waste streams-and
regulated pollutants in the lead-tin-bismuth forming subcategory
are summarized in Table IX-13. This limitation table lists all
the pollutants which were considered for regulation; those
specifically regulated are marked with an asterisk.
1562
-------
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-3 (page xxxx), the application
of BPT to the total lead-tin-bismuth forming subcategory will
remove approximately 5,730 kg/yr (12f610 Ibs/yr) of pollutants
including 235 kg/yr (520 Ibs/yr) of toxic pollutants. As shown
in Table X-13 (page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct
dischargers only will remove approximately 1,450 kg/yr (3,190
Ibs/yr) of pollutants including 45 kg/yr (100 Ibs/yr) of toxic
pollutants. Since there are only three direct discharge plants
in this subcategory, total subcategory capital and annual costs
will not be reported in this document in order to protect confi-
dentiality claims. The Agency concludes that these pollutant
removals justify the costs incurred by plants in this
subcategory.
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate wastewater in the magnesium
forming subcategory include rolling, forging, direct chill
casting, surface treatment, sawing, grinding, and degreasing.
Water use practices, wastewater streams, and wastewater discharge
flows from these operations were discussed in Section V. This
information provided the basis for development of the BPT regula-
tory flow allowances summarized in Table IX-13. The following
paragraphs discuss the basis for the BPT flow allowances for each
waste stream.
Rolling
The following information was reported on rolling operations in
this subcategory:
Number of plants: 1 .
Number of operations using emulsion lubricant: 2.
Magnesium Rolling Spent Emulsions. The emulsions from both
operations are batch dumped and hauled off-site by a waste
contractor. The quantity of emulsion hauled was not reported for
either operation. Spent emulsions which are .contract hauled off-
site typically receive some type of emulsion breaking (chemical
or thermal) and oil skimming treatment. After this treatment,
the water fraction is discharged and the oil fraction is either
sent to a reclaiming operation or landfilled directly. Since
spent emulsions are often treated on-site and the water
discharged (with the oil fraction contract hauled), EPA is
allowing a discharge for this waste stream. The BPT flow has
been set equal to the BPT flow given for spent aluminum rolling
emulsions, 74.6 1/kkg (17.9 gal/ton). The Agency believes that,
because aluminum and magnesium have similar melting points and
1563
-------
other metallurgical properties, similar arac=,-Ls ot waste emulsion
will be generated in rolling the two metals..
Forging
The following information was reported on Corging operations in
this subcategory:
Number of plants: 4 .,--,,
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: j plants,
4 operations Number of plants and operations using contact
3°°piants?te4* operations Number of equipment cleaning operations:
2.
Magnesium Forging Spent Lubricants. The ou-.y loss of iub,- Leant
from any of the foUr operations is through drag-out on the
product surface. Consequently, there is no BPT discharge
allowance for forming spent lubricants. Since, magnesium forging
?ub?icants are not water based, they should be kept separate from
other process wastewater streams and therefore, should not be
discharged.
Magnesium Forging Contact Cooling Water. One operation has no
water dischaTgi~dSe~tc~IOO percent recycle and evaporation. The
BPT flow is the average of the two reported non-zero production
normalized discharge flows, 2,890 1/kkg (693 gal/ton).
Magnesium Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. One plant
reported " using water to clean equipment in its two forging
operations. The equipment cleaning wastewater from these opera-
tions is not recycled. The BPT discharge allowance, based on the
average production normalized water use from the two operations,
is 39.9 1/kkg (9.59 gal/ton).
Casting
Magnesium Direct Chill Casting Contact Co^Unc, Water.. One
Honfefrous metals forming plant casts magnesium by t-.fe direct
chill method. The cooling water used in this operation _ is
completely recycled. Another plant has a direct chill casting
operation which is *n integral part of 3 ^gnes-,- srnelcing and
refining (nonferrous metals manufacturing pnase LL} operation.
Once-through contact cooling water is discharged from tnis
operation. The BPT flow of 3,9.50 1/kkg (947 gal/ton) is based on
the production normalized water use for the nonferrous metals
manufacturing operation.
Surface Treatment
Three ulants supplied information on magnesium surface, treatment
operations. Information was provided on the discharge of nine
surface treatment baths and on seven sui-faci creal.me.it rinse
operations.
1564
-------
Magnesium Surface Treatment Spent Baths. An unreported amount of
wastewater is contract hauled from two of the operations.
Wastewater discharge flows were reported for three of the remain-
ing seven operations. The BPT discharge allowance is the average
of production normalized discharge flow from three operations,
466 1/kkg (112 gal/ton).
Magnesium Surface Treatment Rinse. One operation uses 100
percent recycle with a periodic batch discharge of rinse. Of the
remaining six operations, two operations consist of single stage
overflow^ rinses with no recycle, two operations consist of a
spray rinse followed by an overflow rinse with no recycle, and
two operations consist of non-cascade sequential rinsing stages.
The average of the seven production normalized discharge flows is
the BPT flow, 18,900 1/kkg (4,520 gal/ton).
Sawing or Grinding
The use of emulsion lubricants was reported for a total
operations at two plants.
of two
Magnesium Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. One operation
achieves zero discharge by 100 percent recycle. Some emulsion
from this operation is lost due to evaporation and drag-out on
the product. In the other operation, the emulsion is recycled
with periodic batch discharges contract hauled to treatment and
disposal off-site. Since spent emulsions are often treated on-
site and the water discharged (with the oil fraction contract
hauled), EPA is allowing a discharge for this waste stream. The
BPT allowance has been set equal to the production normalized
discharge flow of contract hauled emulsion, 19.5 1/kkg (4.68
gal/ton).
Degreasing
Magnesium Degreasing Spent Solvents. Only a small number of
surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations have process
wastewater streams associated with the operation. Because most
plants practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge,
the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is an appropri-
ate discharge limitation.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Magnesium Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown. Slowdown from the
wet air pollution control devices used to control air pollution
from forging, sanding and repairing, and surface treatment is
included under this building block. The Agency believes that the
water requirements for scrubbing air emissions from these areas
are similar. Three of the four operations practice 90 percent
recycle or greater of the scrubber liquor while no recycle is
used in the remaining operation. Flow reduction is considered
BPT technology for wet air pollution control blowdown since three
of the four plants practice 90 percent or greater recycle.
1565
------- An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.
-------
presents a schematic of the general BPT treatment train for the
nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-13 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/off-kkg x mg/1 x 1 kkg/1,000 kg =
mg/off-kg). The results of this computation for all waste
streams and regulated pollutants as well as magnesium in the
^magnesium forming subcategory are summarized in Table IX-14.
Although no limitations have been established for magnesium,
Table IX-14 includes magnesium mass discharge limitations
attainable using the BPT model technology. These limitations are
presented for the guidance of permit writers. Only daily maximum
limitations are presented, based on the detection limit for
magnesium (0.10 mg/1), because lime and settle treatment was
determined to remove magnesium to below the level of analytical
quantification. The attainable monthly average discharge is
expected to be lower than the one day maximum limitation^ but
since it would be impossible to monitor for compliance with a
lower level, no monthly average has been presented.
The limitation table lists all the pollutants which were consid-
ered for regulation; those specifically regulated are marked with
an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA considered the cost of trsatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-4 (page xxxx), the application
of BPT to the.total magnesium forming subcategory will remove
approximately 33,570 kg/yr (73,855 Ibs/yr) of pollutants includ-
ing 16,900 kg/yr (37,180 Ibs/yr) of toxic pollutants. As shown
in Table X-l (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual
costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $218,000 and $146,000
per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-14 (page xxxx), the
application of BPT to direct dischargers only will remove approx-
imately 28,615 kg/yr (62,950 Ibs/yr) of pollutants including
14,790 kg/yr (32,540 Ibs/yr) of toxic pollutants. As shown in
Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $148,200 and $95,700 per
year, respectively. The Agency concludes that these pollutant
removals justify the costs incurred by the plants in this subcat-
egory. .
1567
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NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations which generate process wastewater in the
nickel-cobalt forming subcategory include rolling, tube reducing,
drawing, extrusion, forging, metal powder production, stationary
casting, vacuum melting, heat treatment, surface treatment,
cleaning, sawing, grinding, product testing, and degreasing.
Water use practices, wastewater streams and wastewater discharge
flows from these operations were discussed in Section V. This
information provided the basis for development of the BPT regula-
tory flow allowances summarized in Table IX-15. The following
paragraphs discuss "the basis for the BPT flow allowances for each
waste stream.
Rolling
Rolling is performed at 30 plants in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 5
plants, 6 operations
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 5
plants, 7 operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 6
plants, 9 operations.
Approximately 15 plants reported no use of lubricants or contact
cooling water for their rolling operations.
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Spent Neat Oils. The neat oils in four of
the operations are consumed during the rolling operation, while
the neat oils in the other two operations are contract hauled.
Since neat oils are pure oil streams, with no water fraction, it
is better to remove the oil directly by contract hauling and not
to discharge the stream than to commingle the oil with water
streams and then remove it later using an oil-water separation
process. Consequently, this waste stream should not be
discharged.
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Spent Emulsions. Spent rolling emulsions
are either treated on-site or contract hauled for treatment and
disposal off-site. Production normalized discharge flows are
available for three of the seven rolling operations which use
spent emulsions. Spent emulsions from two of these operations
are treated on-site while emulsion from the third operation is
contract hauled. A BPT discharge allowance of 170 1/kkg (40.9
gal/ton) has been established for this stream since spent emul-
sion is sometimes treated on-site and the water discharged (with
the oil fraction contract hauled). The BPT flow is based on the
average of the three reported production normalized discharge
flows.
1568
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...Nick el-Cobalt Rolling Contact Cooling Water. Plow information
was available for eight of the nine rolling operations which use
contact cooling water. Two operations achieve zero discharge by
completely recycling the contact cooling water stream. No
information regarding the amount of water used in these opera-
tions was available. The other operations use widely varying
amounts of water for contact cooling. Production normalized
water uses for these operations vary from 72.8 to 43,400 1/kkg.
The BPT flow of 3,770 1/kkg (905 gal/ton) is based on the median
of the six reported production normalized cooling water uses.
The median is believed to be a better representation of the
current typical water use for this operation than the average
(arithmetic mean) because of the large range of reported produc-
tion normalized water uses.
Tube Reducing
Three plants reported information on three tube reducing (also
referred to as pilgering) operations. Lubricants are used in
these operations.
Nickel-Cobalt Tube Reducing Spent Lubricant. There shall be no
discharge allowance for the discharge of pollutants . from tube
reducing spent lubricants if once each month for six consecutive
months the facility owner or operator demonstrates the absence of
N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and N-
nitrosodiphenylamine by sampling and analyzing spent tube
reducing lubricants. If the facility complies with this
requirement for six months then the frequency of sampling may be
reduced to once each quarter. A facility shall be considered in
compliance with this requirement if the concentrations of the
three nitrosamine compounds does not exceed the analytical
quantification levels set forth in 40 CFR Part 13fi which are
0.020 mg/1 for N-nitrosodiphenylamine, 0.020 for N-nitrosodi-n-
propylamine, and 0.050 mg/1 for N-nitrosodimethylamine.
Drawing
Drawing is performed at 32 plants in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 8
plants, 11 operations
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 8
plants, 9 operations.
No lubricants were reported to be used at over 15 plants.
Nickel-Cobalt Drawing Spent Neat Oils. Neat oils from nine of
the 11 operations are contract hauled; the only loss of neat oil
from one operation is by evaporation and drag-out; no information
regarding spent neat oils is available for the other drawing
operation which uses a neat oil lubricant. As discussed previ-
ously for rolling spent neat oils, it is better to remove the
1569
-------
neat oils directly and not to discharge the stream than to
commingle the oil wita water streams and then remove it later.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Nickel-Cobalt Drawing
3ent Emulsions. Spent emulsions from
eight of the nine plants reporting the use ,of emulsion lubricants
are periodically contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-
site. One operation periodically discharges the spent emulsion.
Information sufficient to calculate production normalized
discharge flows was available for two of the operations which
haul the emulsion and the one which discharges it. As discussed
previously for drawing spent emulsions in the lead-tin-bismuth
forming subcategory, spent emulsions are often treated on-site
and the water discharged (with the oil fraction contract hauled)
by plants in this category and other categories. Therefore, the
BPT discharge allowance is the average of the three reported
production normalized discharge flows, 95.4 1/kkg (22.9 gal/ton).
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at eight plants in this subcategory.
following information is available from these plants:
The
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 4
Number of plants and operations using press and solution heat
treatment contact cooling water: 2
Number of plants and operations recording hydraulic fluid
leakage: 1.
Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Spent Lubricants. Lubricants are com-
pletely recycled in all operations, with the only loss occurring
through evaporation and drag-out. The extrusion lubricants which
are used are typically neat oils. Since neat oils are pure oil
streams, with no water fraction, it is better to remove the oil
directly and not to discharge the stream than to commingle the
oil with water streams and then remove it later. Therefore, this
waste stream should not be discharged.
Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water. As discussed in Section III, contact cooling
water is used in extrusion operations to accomplish a heat
treatment effect, either by spraying water onto the metal as it
emerges from the die or press, or by direct quenching in a water
bath. Contact cooling water in one of the operations is recycled
and periodically batch dumped; the other operation discharges
with no recycle. The average of the two reported production
normalized discharge flows is the BPT discharge allowance, 83.2
1/kkg (20.0 gal/ton).
Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. Discharge
of hydraulic fluid leakage was reported from one extrusion
operation. The BPT discharge allowance of 232 1/kkg (55.6
gal/ton) is based on the production normalized discharge flow
from this operation.
1570
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Forging
Forging is performed aj: 31 plants in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 5 plants, 6
operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 6
Number of plants and operations reporting hydraulic fluid
leakage: 1
Number of equipment cleaning operations: 1 plant, 2 operations.
Approximately 20 dry forging operations were reported.
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Spent Lubricants. The lubricants from the
six operations are either contract hauled directly or only lost
through evaporation and drag-out. It is better to remove the
neat oil and graphite-based lubricants typically used in forging
operations from this subcategory and not to discharge the stream
than to commingle the lubricants with other water streams and
then remove them later. Therefore, this waste stream should not
be discharged.
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Contact Cooling Water. Five of the six
plants that reported this waste stream provided flow information.
Four plants discharge the cooling water without any recycle while
one plant recycles over 95 percent of the water. The BPT dis-
charge of 474 1/kkg (114 gal/ton) is based on the average produc-
tion normalized water use for the five plants providing flow
information.
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. One plant
reported using water to clean the equipment in its two forging
operations. The BPT discharge allowance, based on the average of
the two production normalized water uses, is 40.0 1/kkg (9.57
gal/ton).
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. One plant
reported a discharge of forging press hydraulic fluid leakage.
The BPT discharge allowance of 187 1/kkg (44.8 gal/ton) is based
on the production normalized discharge flow of hydraulic leakage
from this operation.
Casting
The following information was reported on casting operations in
this subcategory:
Total number of plants: 12
Number of plants and operations with stationary casting: 10
plants, 12 operations
Number using contact cooling water: 2
Number dry: 10
1571
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Number of plants and operations with vacuum melting and casting:
3
Number of plants with vacuum melting steam condensate: 2
Number dry: 1
Number of plants and operations with electroflux remelting: 2
Number dry: 2.
Water. Two
In one
Nickel-Cobalt Stationary Casting Contact Cooling
stationary casting operations use contact cooling water.
operation the cooling water is completely reused in other nonfer-
rous forming operations at the plant. The cooling water is not
recycled in the other operation but some is lost through evapora-
tion and drag-out. The BPT allowance of 12,100 1/kkg (2,900
gal/ton) is based on the average production normalized water use
for the two operations.
Nickel-Cobalt Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate. Information was
reported on two vacuum melting operations which generate a steam
condensate waste stream. In one operation the entire volume of
steam condensate is reused for surface treatment rinse. The
other operation recycles 98 percent of the steam condensate
through a cooling tower. Analysis of a sample of the bleed
stream from the cooling tower indicated that there are no pollu-
tants present above treatable concentrations. In fact, some
pollutants were found at concentrations lower than source water
concentrations. Vacuum melting steam condensate can, therefore,
be reused in the generation of steam for vacuum melting or in
other processes present at the forming plant. The feasibility of
reusing the condensate is demonstrated by the operation which
currently reuses the condensate for surface treatment rinse.
Therefore, since analysis of the condensate indicates that no
pollutants are present at treatable concentrations, and it is
current industry practice to reuse the condensate in other
forming operations, no allowance is provided for this stream.
Metal Powder Production
Metal powder production operations are performed at 15 plants.
Atomization wastewater is generated in a total of seven opera-
tions at six plants. No wastewater is generated from atomization
processes at nine plants.
Nickel-Cobalt Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater.
Production normalized discharge flows for this waste stream vary
widely from 1,280 1/kkg to 75,300 1/kkg. The BPT flow allowance
of 2,620 1/kkg (629 gal/ton) is based on the median of seven
production normalized discharge flows. Because of the large
range of production normalized discharge flows, the median is
believed to be a better representation of the current typical
water use for this operation than the average (arithmetic mean).
1572
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Solution Heat Treatment
Heat treatment operations are performed at 31 plants. Contact
cooling water is used in a total of 22 operations at 17 plants.
No water is used at 14 plants.
Nickel-Cobalt Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water. No BPT discharge allowance is provided for this
stream. The zero discharge allowance is based on 100 percent
reuse of the wastewater, either as annealing contact cooling
water or in other processes present at the forming plants.
Analysis of a sample of this wastewater indicates that there are
no pollutants present above treatable concentrations and there-
fore, reuse is possible. Furthermore, three operations which use
annealing contact cooling water recycle all of the cooling water.
In one operation the cooling water is treated by oil skimming and
recycled to the cooling process. In two operations, the cooling
water is recycled without treatment.
Surface Treatment
Thirty plants provided information on surface treatment opera-
tions in the nickel-cobalt forming subcategory.
Nickel-Cobalt Surface Treatment Spent Baths. A total of 39
surface treatment bath operations were identified. Spent baths
from six operations are discharged to evaporation ponds, baths
from 10 operations are contract hauled to treatment and disposal
off-site and 23 baths are discharged to either a POTW or surface
water. The BPT regulatory flow of 935 1/kkg (224 gal/ton) is
based on the average of the 24 reported production normalized
flows. Information sufficient to calculate production normalized
flows was provided for 25 baths that are discharge:! or contract
hauled.
Nickel-Cobalt Surface Treatment Rinse. Thirty-three surface
treatment rinse operations were identified. Rinse from seven
operations is discharged to evaporation ponds or surface
impoundments, and rinse from two operations is contract hauled.
In one process, the rinse is treated and reused. The BPT flow of
23,600 1/kkg (5,640 gal/ton) is based on the average of the 24
production normalized water uses reported for this operation.
Ammonia Rinse Treatment
Two plants reported using an ammonia rinse in a total of 3
operations.
Nickel-Cobalt Ammonia Rinse. All three operations are stagnant
rinses with batch discharges. The BPT flow of 14.8 1/kkg (3.54
gal/ton) is based on the average production normalized discharge
flow from the three operations.
1573
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Alkaline Cleaning
Eighteen plants provided information on alkaline cleaning opera-
tions in the nickel-cobalt subcategory. The reported operations
include 23 baths and 22 rinses.
Nickel-Cobalt Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths. Seven baths are
dischargedto evaporation ponds or impoundments, and two are
contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-site. Flow data
were available for 15 baths. Production normalized discharge
flows for these baths vary from 1.2 1/kkg to 231 1/kkg. The BPT
flow of 33.9 1/kkg (8.13 gal/ton) is based on the median produc-
tion normalized discharge flow from the 15 baths. The median is
believed to be a better representation of,the current typical
flow for this operation than the average (arithmetic mean)
because of the large range of production normalized discharge
flows. The production normalized water use for a combined bath
and rinse was not included in the average because the individual
discharges could not be discerned.
Nickel-Cobalt Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Rinse from eight
operations is discharged to evaporation ponds, impoundments, or
applied to land. Rinse from one operation is treated and reused.
Water use data are available for a total of 12 alkaline cleaning
rinse operations. The BPT flow of 2,330 1/kkg (559 gal/ton) is
the average production normalized water use for 11 operations.
The production normalized water use for a combined bath and rinse
was not included in the average because the individual discharges
could not be discerned.
Molten Salt Treatment
Six plants reported using molten salt treatment in a total of
eight operations.
Nickel-Cobalt Molten Salt Rinse. The BPT flow for this stream is
8,440 1/kkg (2,020 gal/ton). This flow is the average production
normalized water use for six nonrecycled overflowing rinses. The
water uses for two stagnant rinses were not included in the
average because flow reduction through stagnant rinsing is
considered to be part of the BAT technology.
Sawing or Grinding
Twenty-one plants reported using emulsion lubricants in a total
of 25 sawing or grinding operations. One rinse operation was
also reported.
Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. Information
sufficient to calculate production normalized discharge flows was
reported for five operations. ' The BPT flow allowance of 39.4
1/kkg (9.45 gal/ton) is based on the average production normal-
ized discharge flow from the five operations.
1574
-------
Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding Rinse. One plant reported
generating this waste stream. The BPT regulatory flow of 1,810
1/kkg (435 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized dis-
charge flow from this plant.
Steam Cleaning
Nickel-Cobalt Steam Cleaning Condensate. Two plants reported the
discharge of contact steam condensate from product cleaning
operations. Neither plant recycles the condensate. Only one
plant reported information sufficient to calculate production
normalized flows. The BPT discharge allowance is the one
reported production normalized discharge flow, 30.1 1/kkg (7.22
gal/ton).
Product Testing
Tube Testing and Ultrasonic
Nickel-Cobalt Hydrostatic
The Agency believes that hydrostatic tube
Wastewater.
Testing
testing
reused in
and ultrasonic testing wastewater can be recycled or
other processes present at the forming plant. Also, some plants
in this category discharge wastewater from these operations less
than once per year, which is effectively zero discharge. There-
fore, no allowance for the discharge of process wastewater
pollutants is provided for this stream.
Nickel-Cobalt Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater. Three plants
reported generating wastewater from six dye penetrant testing
operations. Flow information was reported for two operations.
The BPT discharge allowance of 213 1/kkg (50.9 gal/ton) is the
average production normalized discharge flow from the two opera-
tions.
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Nickel-Cobalt Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources.
Some low volume
of wastewater were reported in dcps and observed during
and sampling visits. These include wastewater from
sources
the site
maintenance and cleanup. The Agency has determined that none of
the plants reporting these specific water uses discharge these
wastewaters to surface waters (directly or indirectly). However,
because the Agency believes this type of low volume periodic
discharge occurs at most plants, the Agency has combined these
individual wastewater sources under the term "miscellaneous
wastewater sources" and provided a BPT discharge allowance of 246
1/kkg (58.4 gal/ton).
Degreasing
Nickel-Cobalt Degreasing Spent Solvents.
surveyed plants with solvent degreasing
Only a small number of
operations indicated
having process wastewater streams associated with the operation.
Because most plants practice solvent degreasing without waste-
water discharge, the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater,
is an appropriate discharge limitation.
1575
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Wet Air Pollution Control
Nickel-Cobalt Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown. Wet air
pollution control devices are used to control air emissions from
surface treatment operations, shot blasting, molten salt treat-
ment and rolling. Six plants reported achieving over 90 percent
recycle of the scrubber water. Therefore, the BPT discharge
allowance of 810 1/kkg (194 gal/ton) is based on 90 percent
recycle of the average production normalized water use for six
operations since 90 percent recycle or greater is current typical
industry practice.
Electrocoating
Nickel-Cobalt Electrocoating Rinse. One plant reported
discharging electrocoating rinse. The BPT regulatory filow of
3,370 1/kkg (807 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized
discharge flow from this one plant.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why the»y were
considered. The priority pollutants considered for regulcition in
this subcategory are cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and
zinc. Chromium and nickel are selected for regulation under BPT
along with fluoride, total suspended solids,.oil and grease, and
pH. The priority pollutants cadmium, copper, lead, and :zinc ar.e
not specifically regulated under BPT for the reasons given in
Section X. The basis -for regulating total suspended solids, oil
and grease, and pH under BPT was discussed earlier in this
section. The basis for regulating total chromium, nickel, and
fluoride is discussed below.
Total chromium is regulated since it includes both hexavalent and
trivalent forms of chromium. Only the trivalent form is removed
by the lime and settle technology. Therefore, the hexavalent
form must be reduced by preliminary chromium reduction treatment
in order to meet the limitations on chromium in this subcategory.
Chromium was found at treatable concentrations in 71 of 90 raw
wastewater samples, and 16 of the 18 raw wastewater streams in
which it was analyzed.
Nickel has been selected for regulation under BPT since it was
found at treatable concentrations in 81 of 90 raw wastewater
samples and because it is the metal being processed. Nickel was
present at treatable concentrations in 16 of the 18 raw waste-
water streams in which it was analyzed. The Agency believes that
when chromium and nickel are controlled with the application of
lime and settle technology and preliminary treatment when needed,
the control of other priority pollutants which may be present is
assured.
1576
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Fluoride was found at treatable concentrations in 21 of 89 raw
wastewater samples and in six of 18 raw wastewater streams in
which it was analyzed. Therefore, fluoride is selected for
regulation under BPT.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary,
specifically emulsion breaking and oil skimming, and chromium
reduction. The effluent from preliminary treatment is combined
with other wastewater for common treatment by oil skimming and
lime and settle. Waste streams potentially needing preliminary
treatment are listed in Table IX-3. Figure IX-1 presents a
schematic of the general BPT treatment train for the nonferrous
metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-15 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (rag/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/off-kkg x mg/1 x 1 kkg/1,000 kg =
mg/off-kg). The results of this computation for all waste
streams and regulated pollutants in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory are summarized in Table IX-16. This limitation table
lists all the pollutants which were considered for regulation;
those specifically regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control in relation to the effluent reduction benefits. BPT
costs and benefits are tabulated along with BAT costs and bene-
fits in Section X. As shown in Table X-5 (page xxxx), the appli-
cation of BPT to the total nickel-cobalt forming subcategory will
remove approximately 729,230 kg/yr (1,604,300 Ibs/yr) of pollu-
tants including 99,570 kg/yr (219,050 Ibs/yr) of toxic metals.
As shown in Table X-l (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and
annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $3.342 million
and $2.077 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-
15 (page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct dischargers only
will remove approximately 21,590 kg/yr (47,500 Ibs/yr) of
pollutants including 10,400 kg/yr (22,880 Ibs/yr) of toxic
metals. As shown in Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding
capital and annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are
$392,000 and $186,000 per year, respectively. The Agency con-
cludes that these pollutant removals justify the costs incurred
by plants in this subcategory.
1577
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PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
precious metals forming subcategory include rolling, drawing,
metal powder production, direct chill casting, shot casting,
stationary casting, semi-continuous and continuous casting, heat
treatment, surface treatment, alkaline cleaning, tumbling,
burnishing, sawing, grinding, pressure bonding, and degreasing.
The wet scrubbers used for air pollution control at some plants
are also a source of process wastewater. Water use practices,
wastewater streams and wastewater discharge flows from these
operations were discussed in Section V. This information pro-
vided the basis for development of the BPT regulatory flow
allowances summarized in Table IX-17. The following paragraphs
discuss the basis for the BPT flow allowances for each waste
stream.
Rolling
Rolling is performed at 33 plants in this subcategory.
following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant:
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant:
plants, 6 operations.
No lubricants were reported to be used at approximately
plants.
The
2
5
25
Precious Metals Rolling Spent Neat Oils.
requirement for this waste
No discharge is the BPT
stream. Spent neat oil is not
discharged from the two rolling operations where the use of neat
oil lubricants was reported. One operation achieves zero
discharge through recirculation with some loss due to drag-out on
the product. No information regarding how zero discharge is
achieved was reported for the other operation. Since neat oils
are pure oil streams, with no water fraction, it is better to
remove the oil directly by contract hauling and not to discharge
the stream than to commingle the -oil with water streams and then
remove it later. .
Precious Metals Rolling Spent Emulsions. Information sufficient
to calculate production normalized flows was available for three
of the six operations where the use of emulsion lubricants was
reported. The BPT regulatory allowance of 77.1 1/kkg (18.5
gal/ton) is based on the average of the three production normal-
ized discharge flows. This regulatory flow incorporates recycle
with periodic discharge of spent emulsion since this is current
practice at the three plants supplying flow data for this waste-
water stream.
1578
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Drawing
Drawing is performed at 25 precious metals forming plants.
following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil
Number of plants and operations using emulsion
plants, 12 operations
Number of plants and operations using soap solutions:
No lubricants are used at approximately 15 plants.
lubricant:
lubricant:
The
1
8
2.
Precious Metals Drawing Spent Neat Oils. Neat oils are com-
pletely consumed in the one drawing process where neat oil
lubricants are used. As discussed previously/ should a plant
need to dispose of these lubricants it is better to remove them
directly by contract hauling and not to discharge the stream.
Therefore, this stream should not be discharged.
Precious Metals Drawing Spent Emulsions. Drawing emulsions are
completely recycled with the only loss due to evaporation and
drag-out in three operations. Seven operations recycle the
emulsion with periodic batch discharges. The spent emulsion from
four of the seven operations is contract hauled to- treatment and
disposal off-site. The BPT regulatory flow of 47.5 1/kkg (11.4
gal/ton) is based on the average of five non-zero production
normalized discharge flows from operations where emulsion is
recycled with periodic batch discharges. The production normal-
ized discharge flow from one operation where no recycle is
practiced was not included in the BPT regulatory flow calculation
since once-through discharge of spent emulsion is not indicative
of current industry practice.
Precious Metals Drawing Spent Soap Solutions. No discharge data
were provided on one operation and one operation was reported to
periodically discharge spent soap solution. The BPT discharge
allowance is the one reported value, 3.12 1/kkg (0.748 gal/ton).
Metal Powder Production
Metal powder production operations are performed at eight plants.
Atomization wastewater is generated at one of these plants.
Precious Metals Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater.
The BPT discharge allowance, based on the one reported production
normalized discharge flow, is 6,680 1/kkg (1,600 gal/ton).
Casting
Casting is performed at 23 plants in the precious metals forming
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
1579
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Number of plants and operations with direct chill casting using
contact cooling water: 3 plants, 4 operations
Number of plants and operations with shot casting using contact
cooling water: 1
Number of plants and operations with stationary casting using
contact cooling water: 5
Number of plants and operations with semi-continuous and
continuous casting using contact cooling water: 5.
Precious Metals Di^ecjb Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water. In
one reported direct chill casting operation the cooling water is
completely recycled with no discharge. The contact cooling water
is discharged from two operations on a once-through basis. The
BPT flow allowance of 10,800 1/kkg (2,590 gal/ton) is based on
the average production normalized water use from these two opera-.
tions. The production normalized water use from one operation
with an unreported discharge flow was not used in the BPT flow
calculation since it is nearly 10 times greater than the water
use for the other two discharging operations, and therefore not
indicative of current industry practice.
Precious Metals Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water.
The
regulatory flow allowance is the production normalized water
from the one reported operation, 3,670 1/kkg (880 gal/ton).
BPT
use
Precious Metals Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water. Five
plants reported using contact cooling water to cool stationary
castings. One plant completely recycles this water, one prac-
tices 99.8 percent recycle, and one plant only discharges the
cooling water periodically. Water recycle practices were not
reported by the other two plants. No BPT discharge allowance is
provided for this waste stream. The zero discharge allowance is
based on practices currently in use at one plant in this subcate-
gory and in plants from several other subcategories in the
category which perform the same operation on other metals.
Precious Metals Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water. Two plants completely recycle the cooling water
wTth no discharge. Flow data were reported for one of the three
plants which discharge this stream. The BPT regulatory allowance
is based on the one reported, nonrecycled production normalized
water use, 10,300 1/kkg (2,480 gal/ton).
Heat Treatment
Precious Metals Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. Eleven
plants reported using contact cooling water in a total of 20 heat
treatment operations. Contact cooling water is used in anneal-
ing, rolling, and extrusion heat treatment. The BPT regulatory
flow is based on the median of 12 reported production normalized
water uses, 4,170 1/kkg (1,000 gal/ton). The median is believed
to be a better representation of the current typical water use
for this operation than the average (arithmetic mean) because of
che large range of reported production normalized water uses (659
1/1-' -• to 1. i"7 . O'>0 i •"- ':o) .
L580
-------
Surface Treatment
Seventeen plants supplied information on surface treatment
operations. Wastewater is generated and discharged from these
operations as follows:
Number of baths contract hauled or discharged:
Number of baths never discharged: 4
16
Number of rinses discharged:
completely recycled: 1.
18 Number of rinses treated and
Precious Metals Surface Treatment Spent Baths.
No
wastewater
discharge data were reported for 12 of the operations. The BPT
discharge allowance is the average of the four reported produc-
tion normalized discharge flows, 96.3 1/kkg (23.1 gal/ton).
Precious Metals Surface Treatment Rinse. One rinse operation
uses two-stage countercurrent cascade rinsing and another
operation uses three-stage countercurrent cascade rinsing. The
BPT regulatory flow of 6,160 1/kkg (1,480 gal/ton) is based on
the average production normalized water use for seven noncascaded
rinse operations because flow reduction through cascade rinsing
is considered to be part of the BAT technology.
Alkaline Cleaning
Nine plants supplied information on alkaline cleaning operations.
Seven plants supplied information on alkaline cleaning prebonding
operations. Wastewater is generated and discharged from these
operations as follows:
Number of alkaline cleaning baths contract hauled or discharged:
8
Number of alkaline cleaning baths never discharged: 0
Number of alkaline cleaning rinses discharged: 7
Number of alkaline cleaning prebonding operations discharging
wastewater: 8.
Precious Metals Alkaline • Cleaning
Baths. Production
normalized flow information is available for one bath. The BPT
regulatory flow of 60.0 1/kkg (14.4 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from this bath.
Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Flow data were
available for four alkaline cleaning rinse operations. No
recycle or other flow reduction techniques are used for any of
these operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 11,200 1/kkg (2,690
gal/ton) is based on the average production normalized water use
from the four operations.
1581
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Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater. Flow
information is available for all of the alkaline cleaning pre-
bonding operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 11,600 1/kkg
(2,770 gal/ton) is based on the median production normalized
water use for the eight operations. The median is believed to be
a better representation of the current typical water use for this
operation than the average (arithmetic mean) because of the large
range of reported production normalized water uses (10.2 1/kkg to
93,800 1/kkg).
Tumbling or Burnishing
Precious Metals Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater. Flow informa-
tion was reported for two- tumbling operations and two burnishing
operations. No recycle is practiced for any of these operations.
The BPT flow allowance of 12,100 1/kkg (2,910 gal/ton) is based
on the average production normalized water use for the four
operations.
Sawing or Grinding
Precious Metals Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils. Neat oil is
used as a lubricant in one grinding operation. The neat oil is
completely recycled with some loss due to evaporation and drag-
out. As previously discussed, since neat oils are pure oil
streams, with no water fraction, it is better to remove the oil
directly by contract hauling and not to discharge the stream than
to commingle the oil with water streams and then remove it later.
Therefore, the BPT flow allowance is zero.
Precious Metals Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. An emulsion
lubricant is used in four operations. In each of the four
operations, the emulsion is recirculated with periodic discharges
contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-site. However, a
BPT regulatory flow has been established for this stream since
the spent emulsion could be treated on-site and the water frac-
tion discharged (with the oil fraction contract hauled). The BPT
regulatory flow of 93.4 1/kkg (22.4 gal/ton) is based on the
median production normalized discharge flow from the four opera-
tions. The median is believed to be a better representation of
the current typical water use for this operation than the average
(arithmetic mean) because of the large range of reported produc-
tion normalized discharge flows (3.17 1/kkg to 2,775 1/kkg).
Pressure Bonding
Precious Metals Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water. One
plant reported using contact cooling water after a pressure
bonding operation. The production normalized discharge flow from
this operation is the BPT regulatory flow, 83.5 1/kkg (20.0
gal/ton).
1582
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Degreasing
Precious Metals Degreasing Spent Solvents.
of surveyed plants with solvent
process wastewater streams
Because most plants practice solvent degreasing without
Only a small number
degreasing operations have
associated with the operation.
waste-
water discharge, the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater
is an appropriate discharge limitation.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Precious Metals Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown. Wet air
pollution control devices are used to control air emissions from
two surface treatment operations and three casting operations.
The scrubber water is completely recycled with no discharge in
two operations, and a periodic discharge is contract hauled to
treatment and disposal off-site in a third operation. Since zero
discharge from wet air pollution devices is common practice in
this subcategory, no BPT flow allowance is provided for this
stream.
Deleted Waste Streams
Precious Metals Metal Powder Production Milling Wastewater. At
proposal, an allowance was written for metal powder production
milling wastewater. Upon re-examination of the information
available, it was determined that the operation upon which the
allowance was based is powder metallurgy part milling, not powder
milling. The discharge from this operation is covered by tum-
bling, burnishing wastewater allowance and its reported PNF has
been included in the calculation of the tumbling, burnishing
wastewater regulatory flow and discharge allowance.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they have
been considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under
BPT are cadmium, copper, lead, silver, cyanide, oil and grease,
total suspended solids and pH. The priority metal pollutants
chromium, nickel, and zinc, listed in Section VI are not
specifically regulated under BPT for the reasons explained in
Section X. The basis for regulating oil and grease, total
suspended solids and pH was discussed earlier in this section.
The basis for regulating cadmium, copper, lead, silver, and
cyanide is discussed below.
Cadmium is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in 23 of 37 raw wastewater samples. Cadmium
was present at treatable concentrations in rolling spent emul-
sions, shot casting contact cooling water, semi-continuous and
continuous casting contact cooling water, heat treatment contact
cooling water, surface treatment spent baths, surface treatment
rinse, alkaline cleaning spent baths, alkaline cleaning
1583
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prebonding wastewater, tumbling and burnishing wastewater, and
pressure bonding contact cooling water.
Copper is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 32 of 37 raw wastewater samples. Copper was
found at treatable concentrations in all raw wastewater streams
in which it was analyzed. This includes all of the waste streams
where cadmium was found at treatable concentrations, and also
drawing spent emulsions.
Lead is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 25 of 37 raw wastewater samples. Lead was
found at treatable concentration in 11 of the 12 raw wastewater
streams in which it was analyzed.
Silver is selected for regulation because it was found at treat-
able concentrations in 11 of 37 raw wastewater samples, it is a
toxic metal, and it is one of the metals formed in this subcate-
gory. Silver was found at treatable concentrations in rolling
spent emulsions, drawing spent emulsions, surface treatment spent
baths, surface treatment rinse, alkaline cleaning spent baths,
and tumbling, burnishing wastewater.
Cyanide is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in alkaline cleaning prebonding wastewater
and semi-continuous and continuous casting contact cooling water.
Preliminary cyanide precipitation is needed to remove this
pollutant from wastewater. Therefore regulation of cyanide is
appropriate for this subcategory.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the precious metals forming
subcategory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary,
specifically chemical emulsion breaking and oil skimming, and
cyanide precipitation. The effluent from preliminary treatment
is combined with other wastewater for common treatment by oil
skimming and lime and settle. Waste streams potentially needing
preliminary treatment are listed in Table IX-4. Figure IX-1
presents a schematic of the general BPT treatment train for the
nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per metric ton of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-17 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/off-kkg x mg/1 x 1 kkg/1,000 kg =
mg/off-kg). The results of this computation for all waste
streams and regulated pollutants in the precious metals forming
subcategory are summarized in Table IX-18. This limitation table
lists all the pollutants which were considered for regulation and
t1-• • • specifically regulated ure marked with an asterisk.
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Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control in relation to the effluent reduction benefits. BPT
costs and benefits are tabulated along with BAT costs and bene-
fits in Section X. As shown in Table X-6 (page xxxx), the appli-
cation of BPT to the total precious metals forming subcategory
will remove approximately 12,635 kg/yr (27,800 Ibs/yr) of pollu-
tants including 110 kg/yr (242 Ibs/yr) of toxic metals. As shown
in Table X-l (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual
costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $1.013 million and
$0.414 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-16
(page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct dischargers only
will remove approximately 2,875 kg/yr (6,325 Ibs/yr) of pollu-
tants including 21 kg/yr (46 Ibs/yr) of toxic metals. As shown
in Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual
costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $226,000 and $98,000
per year, respectively. The Agency concludes that these pollu-
tant removals justify the costs incurred by plants in this
subcategory.
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
refractory metals forming subcategory include rolling, drawing,
extrusion, forging, metal powder production, surface treatment,
alkaline cleaning, molten salt treatment, tumbling, burnishing,
sawing, grinding, product testing, equipment cleaning, degreasing
and a few miscellaneous operations. The wet scrubbers used for
air pollution control at some plants are also a source of process
wastewater. Water use practices, wastewater streams and waste-
water discharge flows from these operations were discussed in
Section V. This information provided the basis for development
of the BPT regulatory flow allowances summarized in Table IX-19.
The following paragraphs discuss the basis for the BPT flow
allowances for each waste stream.
Rolling
Rolling is performed at approximately 16 plants in the refractory
metals forming subcategory. The following information is avail-
able from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil or graphite-based
lubricants: 2
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricants: 1.
No lubricants are used at approximately 13 plants.
Refractory Metals Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite Based
Lubricants. One operation uses a neat oil lubricant and. the
other operation uses a graphite-based lubricant. The lubricant
in both processes is completely recycled with some loss due to
1585
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evaporation and drag-out. Should a plant find the need to
dispose these lubricants, it would be better to. remove the
lubricants directly by contract hauling and not to discharge the
stream rather than to combine the lubricants with water streams,
and remove them later. Therefore, rolling spent neat oils and
graphite-based lubricants should not be discharged.
Refractory Metals Rolling Spent Emulsions. Spent emulsion in the
one rolling operation which uses an emulsified lubricant is
periodically batch dumped and contract hauled. As discussed
previously for rolling spent emulsions in the lead-tin-bismuth
forming subcategory, the spent emulsions are often treated on-
site and the water discharged (with the oil fraction contract
hauled) by plants in this category and other categories. There-
fore, the production normalized discharge flow from the one
operation is the BPT discharge allowance, 429 1/kkg (103
gal/ton).
Drawing
Drawing is performed at approximately 16 refractory metals
forming plants. Six plants reported using lubricants in a total
of seven drawing operations.
Refractory Metals Drawing Spent Lubricants. No lubricant is
discharged from six of the seven drawing operations reporting the
use of lubricants. In four operations, the lubricant is com-
pletely recycled with some lubricant consumed or lost through
evaporation and drag-out. In the other zero discharge opera-
tions, the only losses are due to lubricant being consumed and
burned off or through evaporation and drag-out. One operation
has no available water discharge data. The drawing lubricants
used include neat oils, graphite-based lubricants, and dry soap
lubricants. Should a plant find the need to dispose of these
lubricants, it would be better to remove them directly by con-
tract hauling and not to discharge the stream rather than to
combine the lubricants with water streams and remove them later.
Therefore, drawing spent lubricants should not be discharged.
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at approximately seven plants in this
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 3
Number of plants and operations reporting hydraulic fluid
leakage: 1.
Four plants did not report the use of lubricants or hydraulic
fluid leakage from their extrusion operations.
Refractory Metals Extrusion Spent Lubricants. There are no
reported discharges of spent extrusion lubricants. Should a
plant need to dispose of these lubricants, it would be better to
them directly by contract haulii.-:; rather than to combine
1586
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the lubricants with wastewater streams and remove them
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Metals Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid
later.
Refractory
Leakage of extrusion press hydraulic fluid was observed
Leakage.
at one
discharge allowance is based on the
operation, 1,190
plant. The BPT
production normalized discharge flow for this
1/kkg (235 gal/ton).
Forging
Forgjno i,s performed at approximately 10 refractory metals
forming plants. The following information is available for these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 3 plants, 4
operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 2.
No lubricants or contact cooling water was reported to be used at
over five plants.
Refractory Metals Forging Spent Lubricants. No lubricants are
discharged from the four operations for which lubricant was
reported. The only loss is due to evaporation and drag-out.
Should a plant find the need to dispose of these lubricants, it
would be better to remove the lubricants directly by contract
hauling and not to discharge the stream than to combine the
lubricants with wastewater streams and remove them later.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Refractory Metals Forging Contact Cooling Water. Flow data were
%
provided for one operation. None of the contact cooling water in
this operation is recycled. The BPT discharge allowance is the
production normalized water use from this one operation, 323
1/kkg (77.5 gal/ton).
Metal Powder Production
Metal powder production operations are performed at approximately
46 refractory metal forming plants. The following information is
available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations generating metal powder
production wastewater: 3 plants, 5 operations
Number of plants and operations generating floorwash wastewater:
2.
No process wastewater is generated from metal powder
operations at approximately 40 plants.
production
Refractory Metals Metal Powder Production Wastewater. None of
the operations practice any recycle of the metal powder produc-
tion wastewater. No wastewater is discharged from two operations
since it evaporates in drying operations. The BPT regulatory
Clow of 281 1/kkg (67.3 gal/ton) is based on the median produc-
tion normalized water use for five operations which discharge.
1587
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The median is believed to be a better representation of the
current typical watet use for this operation than the average
(arithmetic mean) because of the large range of reported produc-
tion normalized water uses (37.1 l./kkg to 34,500 1/kkg).
Refractory Metals Metal Powder Production Floorwash Wastewater.
The floorwash wastewater is completely recycled by one plant
while at the other plant the wastewater is contract hauled.
Since neither plant which generates the waste stream reported
discharging it, there shall be no discharge from this waste
stream.
Lubricants.
The
Refractory Metals Metal Powder Pressing
one plant which reported using metal powder pressing lubricants
achieves zero discharge of the lubricants through 100 percent
recycle. Therefore, the BPT flow allowance is zero.
Surface Treatment
Twelve plants supplied information on refractory metals surface
treatment operations.
Refractory Metals Surface Treatment Spent Baths. Flow data were
supplied for six of the 15 reported surface treatment baths. The
BPT regulatory flow of 389 1/kkg (93.3 gal/ton) is based on the
average production normalized discharge flow from the six opera-
tions.
Refractory Metals Surface Treatment Rinse. Fourteen surface
treatment rinse operations were reported. Two-stage counter-
current cascade rinsing is practiced at two of the operations.
No flow reduction techniques were reported for the other 12
operations. Discharge data were available for the two
countercurrent cascade rinses and four non-cascaded rinse opera-
tions. The BPT flow of 121,000 1/kkg (29,100 gal/ton) is based
on the average production normalized water use from the four non-
cascaded rinse operations. The countercurrent cascade rinse
operations were not included in the flow calculation since
countercurrent cascade rinsing is a BAT technology, and does not
represent current typical water use for this operation.
Alkaline Cleaning
Fourteen plants supplied information on alkaline cleaning opera-
tions. A total of 14 alkaline cleaning baths and 18 alkaline
cleaning rinses were reported.
Refractory Metals Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths. Flow data were
available for three of the 14 reported alkaline cleaning baths.
The BPT regulatory flow of 334 1/kkg (80.2 gal/ton) is based on
the average production normalized discharge flow from the three
operations.
Refractory Metals Alkaline Cleanin
av3i~^rble for "> " rinse operations.
_ Rinse. Flow data were
No flow reduction practices
1588
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(countercurrent cascade rinsing, recycle, etc.) were reported for
any of these operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 816,000
1/kkg (196,000 gal/ton) is based on the average production
normalized water use from the 11 operations.
Molten Salt Treatment
Refractory Metals Molten Salt Rinse. Five plants reported a
total of six molten salt rinse operations. No flow reduction
practices were reported for five of the operations. In one
operation, a decreased flow rate is used to significantly reduce
the discharge of molten salt rinse. Flow data were available for
five of the six operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 6,330
1/kkg (1,520 gal/ton) is based on the average production
normalized water use from the five operations.
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Refractory Metals Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater. Seven
plants reported generating wastewater from 10 tumbling and
burnishing operations. No flow reduction practices were reported
for any of these operations. Flow data were supplied for eight
of the operations. The BPT regulatory flow of -12,500 1/kkg
(3,000 gal/ton) is based on the median production normalized
water use from the eight operations. The median is believed to
be a better representation of the current typical water use for
this operation than the average because of the large range of
production normalized water uses (953 1/kkg to 666,000 1/kkg).
Sawing or Grinding
Thirteen plants reported generating wastewater from sawing or
grinding operations. The following information is available from
these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 3
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant:
plants, 16 operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water:
plants, 8 operations
Number of plants and. operations using a rinse: 2.
8
5
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils. No dis-
charge information was reported for one operation. Spent neat
oils are contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-site in
the other two operations. Since neat oils are pure oil streams,
with no water fraction, it is better to remove the oil directly
by contract hauling and not to discharge the stream than to
commingle the oil with water streams and remove it later.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Refractory Metals Sawing oŁ Grinding Spent Emulsions. The spent
emulsions from six operations are contract hauled; emulsions are
completely recycled in one operation; the only loss of emulsions
from three operations is through drag-out or consumption.
1589
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Discharge data were available for four operations. The average
production normalized discharge flow from the four operations is
the BPT discharge allowance, 297 1/kkg (71.1 gal/ton).
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. Zero
discharge is achieved in three operations through 100 percent
recycle; in one operation 80 percent of the cooling water is
recycled; in another operation cooling water is only periodically
discharged; no recycle is practiced in three operations. The BPT
regulatory flow of 24,300 1/kkg (5,820 gal/ton) is based on the
average production normalized water use from the four operations
where water use data were available.
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding Rinse. No recycle or other
flow reduction practices are used in either of the two reported
rinse operations. Flow data were provided for one operation.
The BPT flow of 135 1/kkg (32.5 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized water use for this operation.
Product Testing
Refractory Metals Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater. Wastewater
from a dye penetrant testing operation was observed at one
sampled plant. The BPT discharge allowance is the production
normalized discharge flow for this operation, 77.6 1/kkg (18.6
gal/ton).
Equipment Cleaning
Refractory Metals Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. Three plants
reported generating wastewater from cleaning various equipment
such as spray driers, forging presses, ring rollers, tools, and
wet abrasive saw areas. A total of six equipment cleaning
operations were reported. In one operation, zero discharge is
achieved by completely recycling the cleaning wastewater. The
BPT regulatory flow of 1,360 1/kkg (326 gal/ton) is based on the
median production normalized discharge flow from the six opera-
tions. The six production normalized discharge flows included in
the median calculation include five non-zero discharge flows and
the zero discharge flow from the operation practicing 100 percent
recycle. The median is believed to be a better representation of
the current typical water use for this operation than the average
because of the large range of production normalized discharge
flows (0 1/kkg to 2l",140 1/kkg).
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Refractory Metals Miscellaneous Wastewater. Miscellaneous
wastewater streams identified in this subcategory include waste-
water from a post oil coating dip rinse, a quench of extrusion
tools, and spent emulsions from grinding the stainless steel
rolls used in refractory metals rolling operations. The BPT
discharge allowance is 345 1/kkg (83.0 gal/ton), 10 percent of
the one reported production normalized discharge flow. This
1590
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discharge is a free flowing tool quench which can be 90 percent
flow reduced by recycling it through a holding tank.
Degreasing
Refractory Metals Degreasing Spent Solvents. Only a small number
of surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations have
process wastewater streams associated with the operation.
Because most plants practice solvent degreasing without waste-
water discharge, the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater
is an appropriate discharge limitation.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Refractory Metals Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown.
In this subcategory, wet air pollution control devices are used
to control air emissions from metal powder production, surface
treatment, surface coating, and sawing and grinding operations.
The use of wet air pollution control devices was reported for a
total of nine operations. Scrubber water from one operation is
completely recycled with no discharge. In two other operations,
the discharge flow of scrubber water is reduced by recycling over
90 percent of the scrubber water. Water use data were available
for four operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 787 1/kkg (189
gal/ton) is based on 90 percent reduction of the average produc-
tion normalized water use from three of these operations. The
production normalized water use for one operation was over 175
times larger than the other values and was believed to be so
atypical of current typical water use that it was not included in
the regulatory flow calculation.
Deleted Waste Streams
Following proposal, the Agency received additional data and
conducted a review of all available data concerning wastewater
discharges. This review led to a reinterpretation of some data
reported prior to proposal. As a result, the following waste
streams included in the proposed regulation have been deleted
from the final regulation:
o Extrusion Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water,
o Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricant,
o Casting Contact Cooling Water, and
o Post-Casting Wash Water.
Data included under these waste streams at proposal have been
reclassified under other waste streams in this subcategory as
appropriate.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BPT are
copper, nickel, fluoride, molybdenum, oil and grease, total
1591
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suspended solids and pH. The priority pollutants chromium, lead,
silver, and zinc, and the nonconventional pollutants columbium,
tantalum, tungsten, and vanadium are not specifically regulated
under BPT for the reasons explained in Section X. The basis for
regulating oil and grease, total suspended solids, and pH under
BPT was discussed earlier in this section. The basis for
regulating copper, nickel, fluoride, and molybdenum is discussed
below.
Copper is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in nine of 25 raw wastewater samples. Copper was
present at treatable concentrations in extrusion press hydraulic
fluid leakage, surface treatment spent baths, surface treatment
rinse, alkaline cleaning spent baths, tumbling and burnishing
wastewater, and sawing or grinding contact cooling water.
Nickel is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 13 of 25 raw wastewater samples. Nickel was
found at treatable concentrations in all wastewater streams
listed in the previous paragraph for copper. It was also present
at treatable concentrations in molten salt rinse and dye
penetrant testing wastewater.
Fluoride is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in seven of 21 raw wastewater samples.
Fluoride was present at treatable concentrations in surface
treatment rinse, alkaline cleaning spent baths, molten salt
rinse, and wet air pollution control blowdown.
Molybdenum is selected for regulation since it was present at
treatable concentrations in five of 25 raw wastewater samples and
it is one of the metals formed in this subcategory. Molybdenum
is specifically regulated under BPT because it will not be
adequately removed by the technology (lime and settle) required
for the removal of the regulated priority metal pollutants,
copper and nickel. The addition of iron to a lime and settle
system (i.e., iron coprecipitation) is necessary for effective
removal of molybdenum. Regulation of priority metals only is not
sufficient to ensure the removal of molybdenum from refractory
metals forming wastewater.
Treatment Train
The BPT model.treatment train for the refractory metals forming
subcategory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary,
specifically chemical emulsion breaking and oil skimming. The
effluent from preliminary treatment is combined with other
wastewater for common oil skimming, iron coprecipitation, and
lime and settle treatment. Waste streams potentially needing
preliminary treatment are listed in Table IX-5. Figure IX-1
presents a schematic of the general BPT treatment train for the
nonferrous metals forming category.
1592
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Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-19 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and
regulated pollutants in the refractory metals forming subcategory
are summarized in Table IX-20. Although no limitations have been
established for columbium, tantalum, tungsten, and vanadium,
Table IX-20 includes mass, discharge limitations for these
pollutants which are attainable using the BPT model technology.
These limitations are presented for the guidance of permit
writers. Only daily maximum limitations are presented for
columbium, tantalum, and vanadium, based on the detection limits
of 0.12, 0.46, and 0.10 mg/1, respectively. Lime and settle
treatment was determined to remove these pollutants to below
their level of analytical quantification. The attainable monthly
average discharge is expected to be lower than the one-day
maximum limitation, but since it would be impossible to monitor
for compliance with a lower level, no monthly average has been
presented.
The limitations table lists all the pollutants which were consid-
ered for regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked
with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control in relation to the effluent reduction benefits. BPT
costs and benefits are tabulated along with BAT costs and bene-
fits in Section X. As shown in Table X-7 (page xxxx), the appli-
cation of BPT to the total refractory metals forming subcategory
will remove approximately 183,300 kg/yr (403,260 Ibs/yr) of
pollutants including 54 kg/yr (119 Ibs/yr) of toxic metals. As
shown in Table X-l xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual
costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $1.117 million and
$0.582 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-17
(page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct dischargers only
will remove approximately 24,220 kg/yr (53,285 Ibs/yr) of
pollutants. As shown in Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding
capital and annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are
$87,000 and $44,000 per year, respectively. The Agency concludes
that these pollutant removals justify the costs incurred by
plants in this subcategory.
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
titanium forming subcategory include rolling, drawing, extrusion,
1593
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forging, tube reducing, heat treatment, surface treatment,
alkaline cleaning, molten salt treatment, tumbling, sawing,
grinding, product testing, degreasing and various miscellaneous
operations. The wet scrubbers used for air pollution control at
some plants are also a source of process wastewater. Water use
practices, wastewater streams, and wastewater discharge flows
from these operations were discussed in Section V. This informa-
tion provided the basis for development of the BPT regulatory
flow allowances summarized in Table IX-21. The following para-
graphs discuss the basis for the BPT flow allowances for each
waste stream.
Rolling
Rolling is performed at 16 plants in the titanium forming subcat-
egory. The following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 2
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 4.
No lubricants or contact cooling water were reported to be used
at approximately 10 plants.
Titanium Rolling Spent Neat Oils. No neat oils are discharged
from either of the operations reporting the use of this lubri-
cant. As previously discussed, should a plant need to dispose of
this stream, it would be better to remove the neat oils directly
by contract hauling and not to discharge them than to commingle
the neat oils with wastewater streams and remove them later using
an oil-water separation process. Therefore, this waste stream
should not be discharged.
Titanium Rolling Contact Cooling Water. Reliable flow data were
only available for one of the four rolling operations which use
contact cooling water. No recycle is practiced in this opera-
tion. The BPT flow of 4,880 1/kkg (1,170 gal/ton) is based on
the production normalized water use for the operation.
Drawing
Drawing is performed at six titanium forming plants. Two plants
reported using neat oil lubricants in a total of two operations.
No lubricants were reported to be used at the other four plants.
Titanium Drawing Spent Neat Oils. Spent neat oils from both
operations reporting the use of this lubricant are contract
hauled to treatment and disposal off-site. It is better to
handle the neat oils in this manner rather than to commingle them
with wastewater streams and then remove them later using an oil-
water separation process. Therefore, this waste stream should
not be discharged.
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at nine plants in this subcategory. The
following information is available from these plants:
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Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 5
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 1
Number of plants and operations with hydraulic fluid leakage: 1
Three plants did not report the use of lubricants or hydraulic
fluid leakage.
Titanium Extrusion Spent Neat Oils. Neat oils are not discharged
the five extrusion operations using a neat oil
of
from any
lubricant. The only loss of neat oil is through evaporation and
drag-out. Should a plant from these operations need to dispose
of this stream, it would be better to remove the neat oils
directly by contract hauling rather than to combine them with
wastewater streams and remove them later by oil-water separation.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Titanium Extrusion Spent Emulsions. One plant reported discharg-
ing spent emulsion lubricants from an extrusion operation. No
recycle of the emulsion is practiced in this operation. The BPT
regulatory flow of 71.9 1/kkg (17.2 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from the operation.
Titanium Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. The BPT
178 1/kkg (42.8 gal/ton) is based on the
discharge flow -from the only plant which
regulatory flow of
production normalized
reported this stream.
Forging
Forging is performed at 32 titanium forming plants.
ing information is available from these plants:
The follow-
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 7 plants, 8
operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 4
Number of plants and operations with equipment cleaning
wastewater: 1 plant, 2 operations
Number of plants and operations with hydraulic fluid leakage: 2.
Over 20 plants from this subcategory reported that no waste
streams were generated from forging operations.
Titanium Forging Spent Lubricants. The lubricants in seven of
the eight operations are consumed during forging and the lubri-
cants from the other operation are contract hauled. The forging
lubricants are typically neat oils. As discussed previously, it
is better to remove neat oils directly by contract hauling and
not to discharge the stream rather than to commingle them with
wastewater streams and then remove them later by oil-water
separation. Therefore, this waste stream should not be
discharged.
Titanium Forging Contact Cooling Water. Flow information is
available for three of the four forging operations which use
contact cooling water. In one operation 95 percent of the
cooling water is recycled; no recycle is practiced for the other
1595
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two operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 2,000 1/kkg (479
gal/ton) is based on th3 average production normalized water use
for the three operations.
Titanium Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. No recycle is
practiced for either of the two reported equipment cleaning
operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 40.0 1/kkg (9.60 gal/ton)
is based on the average production normalized discharge flow from
the two operations.
Titanium Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. Flow data are
available for one of the forging operations where hydraulic fluid
leakage was reported. The BPT regulatory flow of 1,010 1/kkg
(242 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized discharge
flow from this operation.
Tube Reducing
Titanium Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants. One of the lubricants
used in reducing titanium tubes is a neat oil. Since neat oils
contain no water, the Agency believes that it is better to haul
the oil directly and not to commingle it with wastewater streams
only to remove it later. Other titanium tube reducing lubricants
are emulsions. A tube reducing emulsion was sampled at a nickel
forming plant. Analysis of the sampled tube reducing lubricant
showed treatable concentrations of N-nitrosodiphenylamine, a
toxic organic pollutant with potentially carcinogenic properties.
If one nitrosamine compound is present in this wastewater source
then there are likely to be other compounds or other nitrosamine
compounds could be formed as this compound most likely was in the
presence of precursors, under the conditions created by the tube
reducing process. Therefore, there shall be no discharge of
titanium tube reducing lubricant.
Heat Treatment
Ten plants reported
treatment operations.
using contact cooling water in 10 heat
Titanium Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. No BPT discharge
allowance is provided for this stream. The zero discharge
allowance is based on 100 percent reuse of this wastewater,
either as heat treatment contact cooling water or in other
processes present at the titanium forming plant. Analysis of a
similar nickel forming waste stream, "Annealing and Solution Heat
Treatment Contact Cooling Water," indicated that the wastewater
did not contain any treatable concentrations of pollutants.
Therefore, reuse of the wastewater is possible. Furthermore,
reuse of nickel annealing and solution heat treatment contact
cooling water is demonstrated at three plants. Because titanium
heat treatment contact cooling water contains pollutants at
concentrations similar to nickel annealing and solution heat
treatment contact cooling water (since the processes are simi-
lar), there is no discharge allowance for titanium heat treatment
contact cooling based on the reuse of this wastewater stream.
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Surface Treatment • : " :
Twenty-one plants reported information on surface treatment
operations. A total of 32 surface treatment baths and 29 surface
treatment rinse operations were reported.
Titanium Surface Treatment Spent Baths. Flow data were available
for 21 baths which are either discharged or contract hauled. The
BPT regulatory flow of 208 1/kkg (49.9 gal/ton) is based on the
median production normalized discharge flow of the 21 baths. The
median is believed to be a better representation of the current
discharge from this operation than the average because of the
large range of reported production normalized discharge flows
(1.71 1/kkg to 1,310 1/kkg).
Titanium Surface Treatment Rinse. Countercurrent cascade rinsing
"the rinse operations. In one
is not practiced in any oi
operation 40 percent of the rinse is recycled while rinsewater is
only periodically discharged from five operations. The BPT
regulatory flow of 29,200 1/kkg (7,000 gal/ton) is based on the
average of 16 of 19 reported production normalized rinse
application rates. Three reported values were riot used to
calculate the average because they are much larger than the other
values. Therefore, the Agency does not believe that these
outlying values are representative of current typical water use
for this operation.
Alkaline Cleaning
Six plants supplied information on alkaline cleaning operations.
All six plants discharge spent cleaning baths and rinse.
Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths. Flow data were available
for seven of the eight reported baths. The BPT regulatory flow
of 240 1/kkg (57.5 gal/ton) is the median production normalized
discharge flow of the seven reported wastewater discharges. The
median is believed to be a better representation of the current
typical discharge for this operation than the average because of
the large range of reported production normalized discharge flows
(52.1 1/kkg to 9,810 1/kkg).
Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Flow data were available for
six of the seven reported rinse operations. No recycle or other
flow reduction practices were used in any of these operations.
The BPT regulatory flow of 2,760 1/kkg (663 gal/ton) is based on
the median production normalized water use from four operations.
Two operations with very high flows were not included in the
calculation. Both of these very high flows came from operations
described as "Free-Flowing Rinses." Because this is the least
efficient type of rinsing, in terms of water use, the two
operations were excluded from the determination of current
typical practice used for the BPT allowance. The median is
believed to be a better representation of the current typical
water use for this operation than the average (arithmetic mean)
1597
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because of the large range of rinse flows even after excluding
the two high values (3-?8 1/kkg to 82,300 1/kkg) .
Molten Salt Treatment
Titanium Molten Salt Rinse. One plant reported generating rinse
from a molten salt treatment operation. The BPT regulatory flow
of 955 1/kkg (229 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized
discharge flow from this operation.
Tumbling
Titanium Tumbling Wastewater. One plant reported generating
wastewater from a titanium tumbling operation. The wastewater
from this operation is discharged on a once-through basis. The
BPT discharge flow of 790 1/kkg (189 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized water use for this operation.
Sawing or Grinding
Thirteen plants reported generating wastewater from sawing or
grinding operations. The following information is available from
these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 2
Number of plants and operations using emulsions and synthetic
coolants: 11 plants, 19 operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 1.
Titanium Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils. In one operation,
the only loss of neat oils occurs through evaporation and drag-
out. Spent neat oils from the other operation are contract
hauled to treatment and disposal off-site. It is better to
remove neat oils directly by contract hauling than to commingle
the oils with wastewater streams only to remove them later using
an oil-water separation process. Therefore, this waste stream
should not be discharged.
Titanium Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions and Synthetic Cool-
ants. In this subcategory, these lubricants are either
completely recycled with no discharge or recycled with periodic
batch discharges. The lubricants in four operations are com-
pletely recycled with no discharge. In four other operations the
only loss of lubricant is through evaporation and drag-out.
Lubricant is periodically dumped from seven operations. Flow
data were available for six of the operations which discharge
spent emulsions and synthetic coolants. Recycle with periodic
batch discharges is practiced in four of these operations while
no recycle is used for the other two operations. The BPT regula-
tory flow of 183 1/kkg (43.8 gal/ton) is based on the average
production normalized discharge flow from these six operations.
The four recycle operations were included in the calculation
since recycle is current typical industry practice.
1598
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Titanium Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. The use oŁ
contact cooling water was reported for only one operation.
Cooling water is discharged on a once-through basis from this
operation. The BPT regulatory flow of 4,760 1/kkg (1,140
gal/ton) is based on the production normalized water use for this
operation.
Product Testing
Titanium Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater. Wastewater is gener-
ated from six dye penetrant testing operations. Flow data are
available for two of these operations. The BPT regulatory flow
of 1,120 1/kkg (268 gal/ton) is based on the average production
normalised discharge flow from these two operations.
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
TJ tanium Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources. Miscellaneous waste-
water sources identified in this subcategory include wastewater
from cleaning tools, hydrotesting wastewater, and spillage from
an abrasive saw area. Discharge data were only available for the
tool cleaning and hydrotesting operations. The BPT regulatory
flow of 32.4 1/kkg (7.77 gal/ton) is based on the- production
normalized discharge flow from the tool cleaning operation.
Hydrotesting wastewater is not included in the basis because the
Agency believes that hydrotesting wastewater should not be
discharged, but should be reused for hydrotesting or other
forming operations.
Degreasing
Titanium Degreasing Spent Solvents. Only a small number of
surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations have process
wastewater streams associated with the operation. Because most
plants practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge,
the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is an appropri-
ate discharge limitation.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Titanium Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown. Titanium forming
plants reported using wet air pollution control devices to
control air emissions from forging and surface treatment opera-
tions. Ninety percent or greater recycle of the scrubber water
is practiced by five of the 14 reported operations and only
periodic batch discharges were reported for another operation.
Scrubber water is discharged on a once-through basis from five
operations. No flow data are available for the remaining three
operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 2,140 1/kkg (514 gal/ton)
is based on the median production normalized water use from the
11 operations for which water use data were available. The
median is believed to be a better representation of the current
typical water use than the average (arithmetic mean) because- of
the large range of production normalized water uses from the 11
operations (88.1 1/kkg to 554,000 1/kkg).
1599
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Deleted Waste Streams
Titanium Cold Rolling Spent Lubricants. Following proposal, the
Agency received additional data and conducted a review of all
available data concerning wastewater discharges in this subcate-
gory. This review led to a reinterpretation of some data
reported prior to proposal. As a result, the Cold Rolling Spent
Lubricant waste stream included in the proposed regulation for
this subcategory has been deleted from the final regulation. All
data included under Cold Rolling Spent Lubricants at proposal,
have been reclassified under other waste streams in this subcate-
gory for the final regulation.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they have
been considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under
BPT are lead, zinc, cyanide, ammonia, fluoride, oil and grease,
total suspended solids, and pH. The priority metals chromium,
copper, and nickel, and the nonconventional pollutant titanium
are not specifically regulated under BPT for the reasons
explained in Section X. The basis for regulating oil and grease,
total suspended solids and pH under BPT was discussed earlier in
this section. The basis for regulating lead, zinc, cyanide,
ammonia, and fluoride is discussed below.
Lead is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 18 of 21 raw wastewater samples. Lead was
present at treatable concentrations in all raw wastewater streams
in which it was analyzed. These streams are rolling contact
cooling water, surface treatment spent baths, surface treatment
rinse, molten salt rinse, tumbling wastewater, dye penetrant
testing wastewater, wet air pollution control blowdown and sawing
or grinding spent emulsions and synthetic coolants.
Zinc is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 10 of 21 raw wastewater samples. Zinc was
present at treatable concentrations in seven of the eight raw
wastewater streams in which it was analyzed.
Cyanide is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in rolling contact cooling water, tumbling
wastewater, dye penetrant testing wastewater, and sawing or
grinding spent emulsions and synthetic coolants. Preliminary
cyanide precipitation is needed to remove this pollutant from
wastewater. Therefore, regulation of cyanide is appropriate for
the titanium forming subcategory.
Ammonia is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in surface treatment rinse and tumbling
wastewater. Preliminary ammonia steam stripping is needed to
remove ammonia from these wastewaters. Therefore, regulation of
ammonia is appropriate for the titanium forming subcategory.
1600
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Fluoride is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in 17 of 22 raw wastewater samples and seven
of the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the titanium forming subcate-
gory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary, specifi-
cally chemical emulsion breaking and oil skimming, cyanide
precipitation, and ammonia steam stripping. The effluent from
preliminary treatment is combined with other wastewater for
common treatment by oil skimming and lime and settle. Waste
streams potentially needing preliminary treatment are listed in
Table IX-6. Figure IX-1 presents a schematic of the general
treatment train for the nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-21 (1/kkg) -by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and regu-
lated pollutants in the titanium forming subcategory are summa-
rized in Table IX-22. Although no limitations have been
established for titanium, Table IX-22 includes titanium mass
discharge limitations attainable using the BPT model technology.
These limitations are presented as guidance for permit writers.
This limitation table lists all the pollutants which were consid-
ered for regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked
with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control in relation to the effluent reduction benefits. BPT
costs and benefits are tabulated along with BAT costs and bene-
fits in Section X. As shown in Table X-8 (page xxxx), the appli-
cation of BPT to the total titanium forming subcategory will
remove approximately 350,650 kg/yr (771,430 Ibs/yr) of pollu-
tants, including 300 kg/yr (660 Ibs/yr) of toxic metals. As
shown in Table X-l, the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $2.879 million and $2.571
million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-18 (page
xxxx), the application of BPT to direct dischargers only will
remove approximately 105,460 kg/yr (232,010 Ibs/yr) of pollutants
including 90 kg/yr (200 Ibs/yr) of toxic metals. As shown in
Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $2.238 million and .$2.261
million per year, respectively. The Agency concludes that these
1601
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pollutant removals justify the costs incurred by plants in this
subcategory.
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
uranium forming subcategory include extrusion, forging, heat
treatment, surface treatment, sawing, grinding, area cleaning,
drum washing, on-site laundries, and degreasing. The wet scrub-
bers used for air pollution control at some plants are also a
source of process wastewater. Water use practices, wastewater
streams, and wastewater discharge flows from these operations
were discussed in Section V. This information provided the basis
for development of the BPT regulatory flow allowances summarized
in Table IX-23. The following paragraphs discuss the basis for
the BPT flow allowances for each waste stream.
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at one uranium forming plant. The follow-
ing information was reported on extrusion operations by this
plant:
Number of operations: 1
Number of operations using lubricants: 1
Number of operations using contact cooling water: 1.
Uranium Extrusion Spent Lubricants. No lubricants are discharged
from the one uranium extrusion operation where their use was
reported. Extrusion lubricants are typically neat oils. Should
a uranium forming plant need to dispose of a spent neat oil
stream, it would be better to remove the stream directly by
contract hauling rather than to commingle the oil with wastewater
streams only to remove it later using an oil-water separation
process. Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Uranium Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water. One plant reported
using contact cooling water to quench extrusion tools. No
recycle is practiced for this operation. The BPT discharge
allowance is the production normalized water use from the opera-
tion, 344 1/kkg (82.5 gal/ton).
Forging
The following information was reported on forging operations in
this subcategory:
Number of plants: 1
Number of operations: 1
Number of operations using lubricants: 1.
1602
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Uranium Forging Spent Lubricants. No lubricants are discharged
fromthe only reported forging operation. The only loss of
lubricant from this operation is due to evaporation and drag-out.
Forging lubricants are typically neat oils. As previously
discussed, should a plant need to dispose of the oil, it would be
better to remove the oil directly by contract hauling rather than
to commingle it with other wastewaters only to remove it later
using an oil-water separation process. Therefore, this waste
stream should not be discharged.
Heat Treatment
Two plants reported using contact cooling water in a total of
five heat treatment operations.
Uranium Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. In -three opera-
tions/ the cooling water is periodically batch discharged. The
cooling water is discharged on a once-through basis from two
operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 1,900 1/kkg (455 gal/ton)
is based on the average production normalized water use from
these two operations.
Surface Treatment
All three uranium forming plants provided information on surface
treatment operations. Three surface treatment baths and two
surface treatment rinse operations were reported.
Uranium Surface Treatment Spent Baths. Flow data were available
for one of the three surface treatment bath operations. The BPT
regulatory flow of 27.2 1/kkg (6.52 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from this bath.
Uranium Surface Treatment Rinse. Flow data were available for
each of the two reported rinse operations. Although neither
countercurrent cascade rinsing nor recycle is practiced in either
rinse operation, water use for both operations is low, indicating
conservative water use. The BPT regulatory flow of 337 1/kkg
(80.9 gal/ton) is based on the average production normalized
discharge flow from the two operations.
Sawing or Grinding
Uranium Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. Lubricating emul-
sions are used in three operations. In all three operations,
spent emulsions are periodically discharged. Discharge flow data
were available for two of the operations. The BPT regulatory
flow of 5.68 1/kkg (1.36 gal/ton) is based on the average produc-
tion normalized discharge flow from the two operations.
Uranium Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. One plant
reported using contact cooling water to quench parts following a
shear cutting operation. No information on recycle or other flow
reduction practices was reported for this operation. The BPT
regulatory flow of 1,650 1/kkg (395 gal/ton) is based on the
1603
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production
tion.
normalized discharge flow from the quenching opera-
Uranium Sawing or Grinding Rinse. One plant reported using a
stagnant rinse after a sawing operation. The stagnant rinse is
periodically discharged. The BPT regulatory flow is the produc-
tion normalized discharge flow from the stagnant rinse, 4.65
1/kkg (1.12 gal/ton).
Area Cleaning
Uranium Area Cleaning Wastewater. One plant reported discharging
wastewater from cleanup operations in three different areas of
the plant. The BPT regulatory flow of 42.9 1/kkg (10.3 gal/ton)
is based on the average production normalized discharge flow from
the three cleanup operations.
Degreasing
Uranium Degreasing
Solvents. Only a small
number of
plants with solvent degreasing operations have process
Because most
surveyed
wastewater streams associated with the operation.
plants practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge,
the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is an appropri-
ate discharge limitation.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Uranium Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown. Two plants reported
usingwet air pollution control scrubber devices to control air
emissions from surface treatment operations. No wastewater is
discharged from one scrubber operation. Wastewater is only
periodically discharged from the other operation. The BPT
regulatory flow of 3.49 1/kkg (0.836 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from this operation.
Drum Wash
Uranium Drum Washwater. One plant reported washing solid waste
drums before they were contract hauled to off-site disposal. The
BPT regulatory flow of 44.3 1/kkg (10.6 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from this operation.
Laundry
Uranium Laundry Washwater. Wastewater from the on-site launder-
ing of employee uniforms is generated at one plant. The Agency
established the normalizing parameter for this building block as
the number of employees, not a unit of production. . The BPT
regulatory flow of 52.4 I/employee-day (12.6 gal/employee-day) is
based on the water use for the one reported operation.
1604
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Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they have
been considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under
BPT are cadmium, total chromium, copper, nickel, fluoride,
molybdenum, oil and grease, total suspended solids, and pH. The
priority pollutants lead and zinc, and the nonconventional
pollutants uranium and radium-226 are not specifically regulated
for the reasons explained in Section X. The basis for regulating
oil and grease, total suspended solids, and pH under BPT was
discussed earlier in this section. The basis for regulating
cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, fluoride, and molybdenum is
discussed below.
Cadmium is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in seven of 14 raw wastewater samples and
four of the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was ana-
lyzed. Treatable concentrations of cadmium were found in surface
treatment spent baths, surface treatment rinse, area cleaning
wastewater and sawing, grinding spent emulsions.
Total chromium is selected for regulation since it was present at
treatable concentrations in seven of 14 raw wastewater samples
and five of the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was
analyzed. Treatable concentrations of total chromium were found
in heat treatment contact cooling water, surface treatment spent
baths, surface treatment rinse, area cleaning wastewater and
sawing or grinding spent emulsions. Total chromium includes both
the trivalent and hexavalent forms of chromium. Only the tri-
valent form is effectively removed by lime and settle technology.
Hexavalent chromium, which may be present in wastewaters such as
surface treatment spent baths and surface treatment rinse, must
be reduced to the trivalent form by preliminary chromium
reduction treatment in order to meet the limitation "on total
chromium in this subcategory. Therefore, regulation of total
chromium is appropriate for the uranium forming subcategory.
Copper is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 10 of 14 raw wastewater samples and six of the
eight raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed. Copper
was found at treatable concentrations in all of the waste streams
listed in the previous paragraph for chromium, and it was also
present at treatable concentrations in drum washwater.
Lead is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 13 of 14 raw wastewater samples and seven of
the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed. Lead
was found at treatable concentrations in all of the waste streams
listed in the previous paragraph for chromium, and it was also
present at treatable concentrations in drum washwater and surface
treatment wet air pollution control blowdown.
Nickel is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in eight of 14 raw wastewater samples and four of
1605
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the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed.
Treatable concentrations of nickel were present in heat treatment
contact cooling water, surface treatment spent baths, surface
treatment rinse, and area cleaning wastewater.
Fluoride is selected for regulation since it was present at
treatable concentrations in one of 14 raw wastewater samples and
one of eight raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed.
Fluoride is specifically regulated under BPT because it will not
be adequately removed by the technology (lime and settle)
required for the removal of the regulated priority metals pollu-
tants, copper and nickel.
Molybdenum is selected for regulation since it was present at
treatable concentrations in three of 14 raw wastewater samples
and two of the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was.
analyzed. Molybdenum is specifically regulated under BPT because
it will not be adequately removed by the technology (lime and
settle) required for the removal of the regulated priority metal
pollutants, copper and nickel. The addition of iron to a lime
and settle system (i.e., iron coprecipitation) is necessary for
efficient removal of molybdenum. Regulation of priority metals
only is not sufficient to ensure the removal of molybdenum from
uranium forming wastewater.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the uranium forming subcategory
consists of preliminary treatment when necessary, specifically
chromium reduction, and chemical emulsion breaking and oil
skimming. The effluent from preliminary treatment is combined
with other wastewater for common treatment by oil skimming, iron
coprecipitation, and lime and settle. Waste streams potentially
needing preliminary treatment are listed in Table IX-7. Figure
IX-1 presents a schematic of the general BPT treatment train for
the nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-23 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation'at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and regu-
lated pollutants in the uranium forming subcategory are summa-
rized in Table IX-24. Although no limitations have been
established for uranium, Table IX-24 includes uranium mass
discharge limitations attainable using the BPT model technology.
These limitations are presented for the guidance of permit
writers. The limitations table lists all the pollutants which
were considered for regulation. Those specifically regulated are
marked with an asterisk.
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Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPTf EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-9 (page xxxx), the application
of BPT to the total uranium forming subcategory will remove
approximately 23,100 kg/yr (50,820 Ibs/yr) of pollutants includ-
ing 46 kg/yr (100 Ibs/yr) of toxic pollutants. The application
of BPT to direct dischargers will remove the same amount of
pollutants since all uranium forming plants are direct discharg-
ers. Since there are only two plants in this subcategory, total
subcategory and direct discharger capital and annual costs will
not be reported in this document in order to protect confidenti-
ality claims. The Agency concludes that the pollutant removals
justify the costs incurred by plants in this subcategory.
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
zinc forming subcategory include rolling, drawing, direct chill
casting, stationary casting, annealing heat treatment, surface
treatment, alkaline cleaning, sawing, grinding, degreasing, and
electroplating. Water use practices, wastewater streams, and
wastewater discharge flows from these operations were discussed
in Section V. This information provided the basis for develop-
ment of the BPT regulatory flow allowances summarized in Table
IX-25. The following paragraphs discuss the basis for the BPT
flow allowances for each, waste stream.
Rolling
Rolling is performed at four zinc forming plants.
information is available from these plants:
The following
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant:
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant:
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water:
plant, 2 operations.
1
3
1
Zinc Rolling Spent Neat Oils. The one rolling operation that
uses a neat oil lubricant does not discharge any of the lubri-
cant. Drag-out on the product surface accounts for the only
loss. Should the plant ever need to dispose the neat oil, it
would be better to remove the oil directly by contract hauling
and not to discharge the stream. Therefore, this waste stream
should not be discharged.
Zinc Rolling Spent Emulsions. The spent emulsion from one of the
three operations is applied to land; the spent emulsion from
another operation is contract hauled; and the spent emulsion from
the third operation is treated on-site and the water fraction is
completely reused. As discussed previously for rolling spent
emulsions in the lead-tin-bismuth forming subcategory, spent
1607
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emulsions are often created on-site and the water discharged
(with the oil fract:on contract hauled). Therefore, EPA is
providing a discharge allowance. The BPT discharge allowance is
1.39 1/kkg (0.334 gal/ton), the only reported production
normalized flow.
Zinc Rolling Contact Cooling Water. Flow data were available for
two of the three rolling operations where the use of contact
cooling water was reported. Contact cooling water is discharged
on a once-through basis from both operations. The BPT regulatory
flow of 536 1/kkg (129 gal/ton) is based on the average produc-
tion normalized water use from the two operations.
Drawing
Drawing is performed at seven plants in this subcategory. Pour
plants reported the use of emulsion lubricants in a total of four
drawing operations.
Zinc Drawing Spent Emulsions. The spent emulsion from two of the
four operations is contract hauled and the spent emulsion from
two operations is treated on-site and the water fraction is dis-
charged. Flow data were available for one of the four opera-
tions. The BPT regulatory flow of 5.80 1/kkg (1.39 gal/ton) is
based on the production normalized discharge flow from this
operation.
Casting
Casting is performed at six zinc forming plants. The following
information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations with direct chill casting using
contact cooling water: 2
Number of plants and operations with stationary casting using
contact cooling water: 1
Number of plants and operations with continuous casting: 2
Number dry: 2.
Zinc Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water. The contact
cooling water from one operation is completely recycled with no
discharge; the contact cooling water from the other operation is
discharged with no recycle. The BPT discharge allowance is 505
1/kkg (121 gal/ton), the production normalized water use for the
one reported non-zero discharge operation.
Zinc Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water. The contact
cooling water in the one operation is completely evaporated.
Therefore, the BPT discharge allowance is zero.
Heat Treatment
The following information was reported on heat treatment opera-
tions in this subcategory:
1608
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Number of plants: 1
Number of operations: 1
Number of operations using contact cooling water:
1.
Zinc Annealing Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. The contact
cooling water in the one operation is batch dumped daily. The
BPT discharge allowance is 763 1/kkg (183 gal/ton), the produc-
tion normalized discharge flow from the one operation.
Surface Treatment
Two plants provided information on zinc surface treatment opera-
tions. Four surface treatment baths and three surface treatment
rinse operations were reported.
Zinc Surface Treatment Spent Baths. Discharge flow data were
available for three of the four baths. The BPT discharge allow-
ance of 88.7 1/kkg (21.3 gal/ton) is based on the average produc-
tion normalized discharge flow from the three operations.
Zinc Surface Treatment Rinse. Neither countercurrent cascade
rinsing or recycle was reported for any of the three surface
treatment rinse operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 3,580
1/kkg is based on the average production normalized water use for
the three operations.
Alkaline Cleaning
Two plants supplied information on alkaline cleaning. At
plant, an alkaline cleaning bath is followed by a rinse.
each
Zinc Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths. The BPT regulatory flow of
3.55 1/kkg(0.850 gal/ton) is based on the average production
normalized discharge flow from the two alkaline cleaning bath
operations.
Zinc Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Two stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing is utilized in one operation and spray rinsing is
practiced in the other operation. Both of these rinsing methods
reduce water use compared to traditional rinsing methods. The
BPT discharge flow of 1,690 1/kkg (405 gal/ton) is based on the
average production normalized discharge flow from the two opera-
tions.
Sawing or Grinding
One
plant provided
An emulsion is used as a lubricant
Zinc Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions.
information on grinding zinc.
in the grinding operation. The emulsion is completely recircu-
lated and periodically batch dumped. The BPT discharge allowance
is 23.8 1/kkg (5.71 gal/ton), the production normalized discharge
flow from the operation.
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Degreasing
Zinc Degreasing Spent Solvent. Only a small number of surveyed
plants with solvent degreasing operations have process wastewater
streams associated with the operation. Because most plants
practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge, the
Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is an appropriate
discharge limitation.
Electrocoating
Zinc Electrocoating Rinse. One plant reported discharging
wastewater from an electrocoating rinse operation. The BPT
discharge allowance of 2,290 1/kkg (550 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized water use for the rinse operation.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BPT are
total chromium, copper, zinc, cyanide, oil and grease, total
suspended solids, and pH. The priority pollutant nickel, listed
in Section VI as selected for further consideration, is not
specifically regulated under BPT for the reasons explained in
Section X. The basis for regulating oil and grease, total
suspended solids, and pH was discussed earlier in this section.
The basis for regulating total chromium, copper, zinc, and
cyanide is discussed below.
Total chromium is selected for regulation since it was found
above treatability in a surface treatment rinse sample and the
Agency believes it is also present at treatable concentrations in
surface treatment spent baths. Surface treatment baths and rinse
may contain the hexavalent form of chromium which must be reduced
by the trivalent form by preliminary chromium reduction before
mium is appropriate for this subcategory.
Copper is selected for regulation since the Agency believes that
treatable concentrations of copper may be present in raw waste-
water streams such as electrocoating rinse. In one electro-
coating operation reported in this subcategory, copper is plated
onto zinc. Therefore, the electrocoating rinse from this
operation is likely to contain treatable copper concentrations.
Zinc is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in both raw wastewater streams in which it was
analyzed and it is the metal being formed in this subcategory.
In addition, the Agency believes that other raw wastewater
streams may contain treatable zinc concentrations.
Cyanide is selected for regulation since it was found above its
treatable concentration in an alkaline cleaning rinse sample and
is a process chemical used in the electrocoating process.
Preliminary cyanide precipitation treatment is needed to remove
1610
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cyanide from wastewater. Therefore, regulation of cyanide in the
zinc forming subcategory jLs appropriate.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the zinc forming subcategory
consists of preliminary treatment when necessary, specifically
chromium reduction, chemical emulsion breaking and oil skimming,
and cyanide precipitation. The effluent from preliminary treat-
ment is combined with other wastewater for common treatment by
oil skimming, and lime and settle. Waste streams potentially
needing preliminary treatment are listed in Table IX-8. Figure
IX-1 presents a schematic of the general BPT treatment train for
the nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-25 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg - mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and regu-
lated pollutants in the zinc forming subcategory are summarized
in Table IX-26. This limitations table lists all the pollutants
which were considered for regulation and those specifically
regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-10 (page xxxx), the applica-
tion of BPT to the total zinc forming subcategory will remove
approximately 308,260 kg/yr (678,170 Ibs/yr) of pollutants
including 262,210 kg/yr (576,860 Ibs/yr) of toxic pollutants. As
shown in Table X-20 (page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct
dischargers only will remove approximately 307,400 kg/yr (676,280
Ibs/yr) of pollutants including 262,150 kg/yr (576,730 Ibs/yr) of
toxic pollutants. Since there is only one direct discharge plant
in this subcategory, total subcategory capital and-annual costs
and direct discharger capital and annual costs will not be
reported in this document in order to protect confidentiality
claims. The Agency concludes that the pollutant removals justify
the costs incurred by plants in this subcategory.
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory include rolling, drawing,
extrusion, swaging, tube reducing, heat treatment, surface
treatment, alkaline cleaning, molten salt treatment, sawing,
grinding, product testing, and degreasing. The wet scrubbers
used for air pollution control at some plants are also a source
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of process wastewater. Water use practices, wastewater streams,
and wastewater discharge flows from these operations were dis-
cussed in Section V. This information provided the basis for
development of the BPT regulatory flow allowances summarized in
Table IX-27. The following paragraphs discuss the basis for the
BPT flow allowances for each waste stream.
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Rolling
Rolling is performed at seven plants in the zirconium-hafnium
forming subcategory. One plant reported using a lubricant in one
rolling operation.
Zirconium-Hafnium Rolling
jent Neat Oils.
No neat
oils are
Should the plant ever find
remove
dischargedfrom the one operation.
the need to dispose the neat oil, it would be better to
the oil directly by contract hauling rather than to commingle the
oil with wastewater streams and remove it later using oil-water
separation treatment. Therefore, this waste stream should not be
discharged.
Drawing
Drawing is performed at four plants in this subcategory. These
plants reported using lubricant in a total of three drawing
operations.
Zirconium-Hafnium Drawing Spent Lubricants. The only loss of
lubricantin one operation is through evaporation and drag-out;
spent lubricants from another operation are contract hauled; no
flow information is available for the other operation. Drawing
lubricants are typically neat oils. It is better to remove these
lubricants directly by contract hauling rather than to commingle
the lubricants withvwastewater streams only to remove them later.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at five zirconium-hafnium forming plants.
The following information is available from these plants:
Number of plaats and operations using lubricants: 4 plants, 5
operations
Number of plants and operations with hydraulic fluid leakage: 1.
Zirconium-Hafnium Extrusion Spent Lubricants.
No lubricants are
Should a plant need
discharged from any of the five operations.
to dispose of these lubricants, it would be better to remove them
directly by contract hauling rather than commingle the lubricants
with wastewater streams and remove them later. Therefore, this
waste-stream should not be discharged.
612
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Zirconium-Hafnium Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. One
plant reported the discharge of leakage from extrusion presses.
Hydraulic fluid leaks result from the moving connection points in
high pressure extrusion presses. The BPT discharge allowance of
237 1/kkg (56.9 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized
discharge flow of leakage from the one operation.
Swaging
Zirconium-Hafnium Swaging Spent Neat Oils. One plant reported
using neat oil lubricants in a swaging operation. The only loss
of neat oils from this operation is through dragout. Should the
plant ever need to dispose of spent neat oils, it would be better
to remove the oil directly by contract hauling rather than to
combine the neat oil with wastewater streams and then remove it
later using oil-water separation treatment. Therefore, this
waste stream should not be discharged.
Tube Reducing
Zirconium-Hafnium Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants. There shall be
no discharge allowance for the discharge of pollutants from tube
reducing spent lubricants, if once each month for six consecutive
months the facility owner or operator demonstrate the absence of
N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and N-
nitrosdiphenylamine by sampling and analyzing spent tube reducing
lubricants. If the facility complies with this requirement for
six months then the frequency of sampling may be reduced to once
each quarter. A facility shall be considered in compliance with
this requirement if the concentrations of the three nitrosamine
compounds does not exceed the analytical quantification levels
set forth in 40 CFR Part 136 which are 0.020 mg/1 for N-
nitrosodiphenylamine, 0.020 mg/1 for N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine,
and 0.050 mg/1 for N-nitrosodimethylamine.
Heat Treatment
Zirconium-Hafnium Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. Contact
coolingwater is used in six heat treatment operations. Flow
information was available for four of these operations. The BPT
regulatory flow of 343 1/kkg (82.3 gal/ton) is based on the
median production normalized water use for the four operations.
The median is believed to be a better representation of the
current typical water use for this operation than the average
(arithmetic mean) because of the large range of reported produc-
tion normalized water uses (135 1/kkg to 6,000 1/kkg).
Surface Treatment
Eight plants supplied information on surface treatment operations
in the zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory.
Zirconium-Hafnium Surface Treatment Spent Baths. Flow data- were
available for nine of the 14 reported surface treatment baths.
The BPT regulatory flow of 340 1/kkg (81.5 gal/ton) is based on
1613
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the median production normalized discharge flow of the nine
operations. The median is believed to be a better representation
of the current typical discharge from this operation than the
average (arithmetic mean) because of the large range of produc-
tion normalized discharge flows (102 1/kkg to 64,300 1/kkg).
Zirconium-Hafnium Surface Treatment Rinse.
Flow data
treatment
were
rinse
available for 10 of the 12 reported surface
operations. Countercurrent cascade rinsing and recycle are not
practiced in any of these operations. The BPT regulatory flow of
8,880 1/kkg (2,130 gal/ton) is based on the median production
normalized water use for the 10 operations. The median is
believed to be a better representation of the current typical
water use for this operation than the average (arithmetic mean)
because of the large range of production normalized water uses
(297 1/kkg to 971,000 1/kkg).
A total of 13
Flow data were
Alkaline Cleaning
Zirconium-Hafnium Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths.
alkaline cleaning bath operations were reported.
available for 12 of these operations. The BPT regulatory flow of
1,600 1/kkg (384 gal/ton) is based on the average production
normalized discharge flow of the 12 operations.
Zirconium-Hafnium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Flow data were
available for 10 of 11 reported alkaline cleaning rinse opera-
tions. Countercurrent cascade rinsing and recycle are not
practiced in any of these operations. The BPT regulatory flow of
31,400 1/kkg (7,530 gal/ton) is based on the average production
normalized water use for the 10 operations.
Molten Salt Treatment
Zirconium-Hafnium Molten Salt Rinse. Two plants reported
discharging molten salt rinse. Neither plant practices
Countercurrent cascade rinsing or recycle of the rinse, however
the water use for one plant was very low (only 20.86 1/kkg). The
BPT regulatory flow of 7,560 1/kkg (1,810 gal/ton) is based on
the average production normalized water use for the two
operations.
Sawing or Grinding
Zirconium-Hafnium Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils. The use of
a neat oil lubricant was reported for only one operation. The
only loss of lubricant from this operation is through drag-out.
Should spent neat oil from this operation ever need to be dis-
posed, it would be better to contract haul the lubricant directly
and not to discharge the stream. Therefore, this waste stream
should not be discharged.
Zirconium-Hafnium Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. The use of
emulsion lubricants was reported for seven operations. No flow
were available for three operations; the only loss of
1614
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emulsion from three other operations is from evaporation and
drag-out; flow data were available for one operation in which
spent emulsion is periodically discharged to an evaporation pond.
Since spent emulsions are often treated on-site and the water
fraction discharged (with the oil fraction reused or contract
hauled), EPA is allowing a discharge for this waste stream. The
BPT regulatory flow of 281 1/kkg (67.2 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow for the one operation which
discharges spent emulsion to an evaporation pond.
Zirconium-Hafnium Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. Flow
data were available for one of the two operations where the use
of contact cooling water was reported. The BPT regulatory flow
of 321 1/kkg (77.0 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized
discharge flow from this operation.
Zirconium-Hafnium Sawing or Grinding Rinse. Products are
sometimes rinsed following grit blasting and belt polishing
operations. Pour rinse operations were reported in this subejCte-
gory. No recycle is practiced in any of these operations. The
BPT regulatory flow of 1,800 1/kkg (431 gal/ton) is based on the
median production normalized water use for the four operations.
The median is believed to be a better representation of the
current typical water use for this operation than the average
(arithmetic mean) because of the large range of production
normalized water uses (123 1/kkg to 19,600 1/kkg).
Product Testing
Zirconium-Hafnium Inspection and Testing Wastewater. Wastewater
is discharged from four product testing operations in this
subcategory: a hydrotesting operation, a non-destructive testing
operation, a dye penetrant testing operation, and an ultrasonic
tube testing operation. Flow data were available for the hydro-
testing operation and non-destructive testing operation. The BPT
regulatory flow of 15.4 1/kkg (3.70 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from the non-destructive
testing operation. The hydrotesting operation flow was not
included in the regulatory flow calculation because the Agency
believes that the water used for hydrotesting can be recycled or
reused in other water-demanding operations at the forming plant.
Degreasing
Zirconium-Hafnium Degreasing Spent Solvents. Three degreasing
operations were reported in this subcategory. In one operation,
the solvent is completely recycled with no discharge; spent
solvent from two operations is contract hauled. Therefore, the
BPT discharge allowance is zero.
Zirconium-Hafnium Degreasing Rinse. One plant dischages
wastewater from a degreasing rinse operation. This is the only
plant in the subcategory discharging wastewater from a degreasing
operation. Samples of this wastewater were analyzed after
proposal and high concentrations of volatile organic solvents
1615
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were detected. Some plants degrease formed zirconium without
generating any wastewater by using solvents which need not be
followed by a water rinse, while other plants degrease formed
zirconium without solvents, by using alkaline (detergent)
cleaning followed by a water rinse. Because the Agency believes
this plant could'achieve zero discharge by converting the water
rinse into a second solvent cleaning step or could use a
detergent cleaning instead of solvents, the BPT allowance for
this solvent degreasing rinse stream is based on zero discharge.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Zirconium-Hafnium Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown. Water is
used in wet air pollution control devices on surface treatment,
rolling, forging, and extrusion operations. A total of eight
operations where wet air pollution control devices are used were
identified. However, wastewater is reported to be discharged to
surface water from only one of the eight operations. Therefore,
since the majority of plants with this wastewater stream are
achieving no discharge from this stream, there shall be no
allowance for the discharge of wastewater pollutants.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BPT are
total chromium, nickel, cyanide, fluoride, oil and grease, total
suspended solids, and pH. The priority pollutants copper, lead,
and zinc, and the nonconventional pollutants zirconium and
hafnium, are not specifically regulated under BPT for the reasons
explained in Section X. The basis for regulating oil and grease,
total suspended solids, and pH was discussed earlier in this
section. The basis for regulating total chromium, nickel,
cyanide, ammonia, and fluoride is discussed below.
Total chromium is selected for regulation since it was found at
treatable concentrations in 10 of 19 raw wastewater samples and
five of nine raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed.
Treatable total chromium concentrations were found in tube
reducing spent lubricant, surface treatment spent baths, surface
treatment rinse, alkaline cleaning spent baths, and degreasing
spent solvents. Waste streams such as surface treatment spent
baths and surface treatment rinse may contain the hexavalent form
of chromium. ' As previously discussed, preliminary chromium
reduction is needed to reduce hexavalent chromium to the
trivalent state since the hexavalent form is not removed by lime
and settle technology. Therefore, regulation of total chromium
is appropriate for this subcategory.
Nickel is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in six of 19 raw wastewater samples and three of
the nine raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed. Nickel
was found at treatable concentrations in tube reducing spent
1616
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lubricant, surface treatment spent baths, and degreasing spent
solvents. • .
Cyanide is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in surface treatment spent baths. Prelimi-
nary cyanide precipitation is needed to remove this pollutant
from wastewater. Therefore, regulation of cyanide is appropriate
for tnis subcategory.
Ammonia is selected for regulation because it was found at
treatable concentrations in surface treatment baths and tube
reducing spent lubricants. Preliminary ammonia steam stripping
may be needed to remove ammonia from these wastewaters. There-
fore, regulation of ammonia is appropriate for the zirconium-
hafnium forming subcategory.
Fluoride is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in five of 18 raw wastewater samples.
Fluoride was found at treatable concentrations in surface treat-
ment baths and rinses.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the zirconium-hafnium forming
subcategory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary,
specifically chromium reduction, chemical emulsion breaking and
oil skimming, and cyanide precipitation. The effluent from
preliminary treatment is combined with other wastewater for
common treatment by oil skimming and lime and settle. Waste
streams potentially needing preliminary treatment are listed in
Table IX-9. Figure IX-1 presents a schematic of the general BPT
treatment train for the nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-27 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and regu-
lated pollutants in the zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory are
summarized in Table IX-28. Although no limitations have been
established for zirconium and hafnium, Table IX-28 includes
zirconium and hafnium mass discharge limitations attainable using
the BPT model technology. These limitations are presented for
the guidance of permit writers. The limitations table lists all
the pollutants which were considered for regulation. Those
specifically regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control in relation to the effluent reduction benefits. BPT
1617
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costs and benefits are tabulated along with BAT costs and bene-
fits in Section X. As shown in Table X-ll (page xxxx), the
application of BPT to the total zirconium-hafnium forming subcat-
egory will remove approximately 17,340 kg/yr (38,150 Ibs/yr) of
pollutants including 640 kg/yr (1,410 Ibs/yr) of toxic metals.
As shown in Table X-l (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and
annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $0.367 million
and $0.330 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-
21 (page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct dischargers only
will remove approximately 16,315 kg/yr (35,890 Ibs/yr) of
pollutants including 640 kg/yr (1,410 Ibs/yr) of toxic metals.
As shown in Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and
annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $0.359 million
and $0.327 million per year, respectively. The Agency concludes
that these pollutant removals justify the costs incurred by
plants in this subcategory.
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
metal powders subcategory include metal powder production,
tumbling, burnishing, cleaning, sawing, grinding, sizing, steam
treatment, oil-resin impregnation, degreasing, hot pressing, and
mixing. Water use practices, wastewater streams and wastewater
discharge flows from these operations were discussed in Section
V. This information provided the basis for development of the
BPT regulatory flow allowances summarized in Table IX-29. The
following paragraphs discuss the basis for the BPT flow allow-
ances for each waste stream.
Metal Powder Production
Metal powder production operations were reported by approximately
70 plants in this subcategory. The following information is
available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations with wet atomization wastewater:
5 plants, 6 operations
Number of plants and operations with wet air pollution control
devices: 2.
Metal Powder Production Wet Atomization Wastewater. No recycle
was reported for any of the six operations. From an examination
of the available data, it is not apparent that there is any
significant difference in water use and discharge among the
different metals in this subcategory. Therefore, the BPT dis-
charge allowance is the average production normalized discharge
flow from the six operations, 5,040 1/kkg (1,210 gal/ton).
Tumbling, Burnishing or Cleaning
Metal Powders Tumbling, Burnishing or_ Cleaning Wastewater.
Twer^'-r.ine p^^s reported information on 40 tumbling, burnish-
1618
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ing, and other physical-chemical cleaning operations associated
with powder metallurgy parts production. Water use data were
available for 25 operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 4,400
1/kkg (1,050 gal/ton) is based on the average production normal-
ized water use for the 25 operations.
Sawing or Grinding
Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils. A neat oil
lubricant is used in one operation. Spent neat oils from this
operation are contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-site.
It is better to handle neat oils in this manner rather than
combine them with wastewater streams only to remove them later
using oil-water separation treatment. Therefore, the BPT dis-
charge allowance is zero.
Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. Emulsion
lubricants are used in seven operations. No emulsions are
discharged from one operation; emulsions are periodically dis-
charged from five operations; emulsions are discharged on a once-
through basis from one operation. The production normalized
discharge flow from the once-through operation is over five times
higher than the discharge values from the other operations. This
value was not included in the regulatory flow calculation because
it does not represent the current typical discharge practice for
this subcategory. The BPT regulatory flow of 18.1 1/kkg (4.33
gal/ton) is based on the average production normalized discharge
flow of the five periodic discharge operations.
Metal Powders Sawing or_ Grinding Contact Cooling Water. Contact
cooling water is used in four operations. Plow data were avail-
able for one .of these operations. The cooling water is dis-
charged on a once-through basis from this operation. The current
water use at the one plant reporting flow data is excessive
compared to current water use for this operation in other subcat-
egories. The BPT regulatory flow of 1,620 1/kkg (389 gal/ton) is
based on 99 percent recycle of the water use for this one opera-
tion. This is comparable to the allowance for this operation in
other subcategories.
Sizing
Metal Powders Sizing Spent Neat Oils. Neat oil lubricants are
used in two sizing operations. The neat oils are completely
recycled with no discharge in either operation. Should the neat
oil from either operation ever need to be disposed, it would be
better to directly remove the oil by contract hauling rather than
to commingle the oil with wastewater streams and then remove it
later. Therefore, the BPT discharge allowance is zero.
Metal Powders Sizing Spent Emulsions. An emulsion lubricant is
used in one sizing operation. Since spent emulsions are often
treated on-site and the water fraction discharged by plants in
this category and other categories, EPA is allowing a discharge
for this waste stream. The BPT discharge allowance of 14.6 1/kkg
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(3.50 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized water use
for this operation.
Steam Treatment
Metal Powders Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown.
One plant operates a wet scrubber to control air pollution from
its steam treatment process. No recycle of the scrubber water is
practiced. The BPT discharge allowance of 792 1/kkg (190
gal/ton) is based on the production normalized water use for the
one operation.
Oil-Resin Impregnation
Metal Powders Oil-Resin Impregnation Spent Neat Oils. Seven
plants reported using neat oils in oil-resin impregnation pro-
cesses. Neat oils are completely recycled with no discharge in
two operations; spent neat oils from three operations are con-
tract hauled; no data are available for the other two operations.
It is better to remove neat oils directly by contract hauling
rather than to commingle them with wastewater streams and then
remove them later using oil-water separation treatment. There-
fore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Degreasing
Metal Powders Degreasing Spent Solvents. Only a small number of
surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations have process
wastewater streams associated with the operation. Because most
plants practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge,
the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is an appropri-
ate discharge limitation.
Hot Pressing
Metal Powders Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water. One plant
reported using contact cooling water in a hot pressing operation.
None of the cooling water used in this operation is recycled.
The BPT regulatory flow of 8,800 1/kkg (2,110 gal/ton) is based
on the production normalized water use for the one operation.
Mixing
Metal Powders. Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown. One
plant reported using a wet scrubber to control air pollution from
a mixing operation. Ninety percent of the scrubber water is
recycled. The BPT regulatory flow of 7,900 1/kkg (1,890 gal/ton)
is based on the production normalized discharge flow from the
scrubber.
Deleted Waste Streams
Metal Powder Production Milling Wastewater. Following proposal,
the Agency received additional data and conducted a review of all
avai1*v»le data concerning wastswater discharges in this subcate-
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gory. This review led to a reinterpretation of some data
reported prior to proposal. As a result, the Metal Powder
Production Milling wastewater stream included in the proposed
regulation for this subcategory has been deleted from the final
regulation. This waste stream was improperly classified at
proposal. Since the plant believed to have this wastewater at
proposal actually mills fabricated parts, not powder, its
reported production normalized flow was included in the
calculation of the tumbling, burnishing or cleaning wastewater
discharge allowance.
Metal Pp.wder Production Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown.
Prior to proposal, two plants reported the use of wet air pollu-
tion control devices associated with metal powders production.
One plant reported complete recycle of scrubber water; the other
reported that 85 percent of the scrubber water is recycled.
Following proposal, the Agency received additional data concern-
ing wastewater discharges in this subcategory. These data
included the fact that the discharging scrubber is no longer
operated. Therefore, the Metal Powder Production Wet Air Pollu-
tion Control Slowdown waste stream included in the proposed
regulation for this subcategory has been deleted from the final
regulation.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BPT are
copper, lead, cyanide, oil and grease, total suspended solids and
pH. The priority pollutants chromium, nickel, and zinc, and the
nonconventional pollutants iron and aluminum are not specifically
regulated under BPT for the reasons explained in Section X. The
basis for regulating oil and grease, total suspended solids, and
pH was discussed earlier in this section. The basis for
regulating copper, lead, and cyanide is discussed below.
Copper is regulated since it is one of the metals being processed
in this subcategory and it was found at treatable concentrations
in 10 of 18 raw wastewater samples and three of the four raw
wastewater streams in which it was analyzed. Copper was present
at treatable concentrations in metal powder production wet
atomization wastewater, tumbling, burnishing or cleaning waste-
water, and sawing or grinding spent emulsions.
Lead is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in eight of 18 samples and three of the four raw
wastewater streams in which it was analyzed. Lead was found at
treatable concentrations in the same raw waste streams listed in
the previous paragraph for copper.
Cyanide is selected for regulation since it was present in
treatable concentrations in eight of 17 raw wastewater samples
and three of the four raw wastewater streams in which it was
analyzed. Treatable concentrations of cyanide were found in
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tumbling, burnishing or cleaning wastewater, sawing or grinding
spent emulsions, and steam treatment wet air pollution control
blowdown. Preliminary cyanide precipitation is needed to remove
cyanide from these wastewater streams. Therefore, regulation of
cyanide is appropriate for this subcategory.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the metal powders subcategory
consists of preliminary treatment when necessary, specifically
chemical emulsion breaking and oil skimming and cyanide precipi-
tation. The effluent from preliminary treatment is combined with
other wastewater for common treatment by oil skimming and lime
and settle. Waste streams potentially needing preliminary
treatment are listed in Table IX-10. Figure IX-1 presents a
schematic of the general BPT treatment train for the nonferrous
metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-29 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and regu-
lated pollutants in the metal powders subcategory are summarized
in Table IX-30. Although no limitations have been established
for iron and aluminum, Table IX-30 includes mass discharge
limitations for these pollutants attainable using the BPT model
technology. These limitations are presented for the guidance of
permit writers. The limitations table lists all the pollutants
which were considered for regulation. Those specifically
regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-12 (page xxxx), the applica-
tion of BPT to the total metal powders subcategory will remove
approximately 57,570 !:g/yr (126,650 Ibs/yr) of pollutants includ-
ing 1,085 kg/yr (2,390 Ibs/yr) of toxic pollutants. As shown in
Table X-22 (page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct
dischargers only will remove approximately 4,105 kg/yr (9,030
Ibs/yr) of pollutants including 128 kg/yr (282 Ibs/yr) of toxic
pollutants. Since there are only three direct discharge plants
in this subcategory, total subcategory capital and annual costs
will not be reported in this document in order to protect
confidentiality claims. The Agency concludes that the pollutant
removals justify the costs incurred by plants in this
subcategory.
1622
-------
APPLICATION OF REGULATION IN PERMITS
The purpose of these limitations (and standards) is to form a
uniform basis for regulating wastewater effluent from the nonfer-
rous metals forming category. For direct dischargers, this is
accomplished through NPDES permits. Since the nonferrous metals
forming category is regulated on an individual waste stream
"building-block" approach, three examples of applying these
limitations to determine the allowable discharge from nonferrous
metals forming facilities are given below.
Example 1
Plant X forms a refractory metal strip by a rolling operation
which uses an emulsion as a lubricant. The plant produces 20 kkg
(44,000 Ibs) of final product strip per day. In the process, a
stock billet is heated and put through a reversing rolling mill
for five passes, then annealed (dry annealing), brought back to
the rolling mill for three more passes, annealed again, rolled
for four more passes, and annealed for a final time to produce
the product. Table IX-31 illustrates the calculation of the
allowable BPT discharge for nickel, one of the pollutants regu-
lated in this subcategory. The allowable discharge for the other
regulated pollutants would be calculated in the same way.
This example illustrates the calculation of an allowable pollu-
tant mass discharge using "off-kilograms." The term "off-kilo-
gram" means the mass of metal or metal alloy removed from a
forming operation at the end of a process cycle for transfer to a
different machine or process. A reversing mill allows the metal
to pass between the rollers several times without having to be
removed from the mill. Therefore, on a multiple pass roll, the
mass of metal rolled is considered to have been processed only
once; the off-mass equals the mass. In this example, since the
metal is removed from the reversing mill for annealing and then
returned, the off-mass of rolling equals the mass of metal times
the number of times it is returned to the process. Therefore,
for this plant, the off-kilograms to produce 20 kkg of final
product is 60 off-kkg. This is the daily production used in the
calculations presented in Table IX-31.
Example 2
Plant Y forms lead bullets by an extrusion and swaging process
and casts lead shot. The plant operates 250 days per year with a
total annual production of 250,000 kg (551,000 Ibs) of shot and
1,000,000 kg (2,205,000 Ibs) of bullets. Shot is produced by
casting. Bullets are produced by casting lead into ingots
(stationary casting), extrusion followed by a spray quench at the
press, and swaging. Approximately 5 percent of the lead is lost
to scrap following extrusion. The bullets are washed and rinsed
before being assembled into cartridges. Table IX-32 illustrates
the calculation of the allowable BPT discharge of total suspended
solids (TSS).
1623
-------
The daily shot casting production is 250,000 kg/yr divided by 250
days/yr or 1,000 kg/day. The number of kg of shot produced is
equal to the number of off-kg formed. This production is
multiplied by the shot casting limitation (mg/off-kg) to get the
daily discharge limit for shot casting at Plant Y. The daily
amount of lead cast and extruded is 1,050,000 kg/yr divided by
250 days/yr or 4,200 kg/day. This production is multiplied by
the limitations (mg/off-kg) for extrusion press or solution heat
treatment contact cooling water and extrusion press hydraulic
fluid leakage to get the first part of the daily discharge limits
for bullet making. The daily bullet production is 1,000,000
kg/yr divided by 250 days/yr or 4,000 kg/day. This production is
multiplied by the limitations (mg/off-kg) for swaging spent
emulsions, alkaline cleaning spent baths, and alkaline cleaning
rinse to get the second part of the daily discharge limits for
bullet making. The sum of the daily limits for the individual
operations becomes the plant limit.
^
Example 3
Plant Z forms nickel and titanium alloys. This plant forges 125
kkg (275,000 Ibs) of nickel and 25 kkg (55,000 Ibs) of titanium
per year (250 days). Eighty percent of the nickel and 10 percent
of the titanium are pickled, then rinsed with a spray. The plant
also contact cools forgings with water following forging and has
a wet air pollution control scrubber to control the fumes from
the pickling bath. This example demonstrates the application of
the limitations for nickel which is a regulated pollutant in the
nickel forming subcategory and for cyanide a regulated pollutant
in the titanium forming subcategory to the combined discharge of
nickel forming process wastewater and titanium forming process
wastewater. Table IX-33 illustrates the calculation of the BPT
discharge allowance for nickel. Although nickel was not specifi-
cally regulated in the titanium forming subcategory, it is
present in treatable concentrations in titanium forming waste-
water. The Agency chose not to specifically regulate nickel in
this subcategory because it should be adequately controlled by
the other regulated pollutants. Since nickel is present in the
titanium forming wastewater, Plant Z will need an allowance for
nickel from this source to comply with the nickel discharge
allowance. Therefore, the mass allowance for nickel from the
titanium forming wastewater is added to the mass allowance from
nickel-cobalt forming. The mass limitations for nickel can be
obtained from Tables IX-16 and IX-22 which provide the limita-
tions for regulated pollutants and other pollutants considered
for but not specifically regulated.
The calculation of the mass allowance for the pollutant cyanide
is illustrated in Table IX-34. Cyanide is regulated in the
titanium forming subcategory, but not in the nickel-cobalt
forming subcategory. Cyanide was not found in significant
quantities in any nickel-cobalt process wastewater, and was not
considered for regulation in the nickel-cobalt subcategory.
Since the nickel-forming process wastewater from Plant Z would
not be expected to contribute any cyanide to the mass loading in
1624
-------
the effluent, it is not appropriate to add a mass allowance for
cyanide from the nickel forming wastewater to the mass allowance
for cyanide from the titanium forming wastewater.
1625
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1640
-------
Table IX-12
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
*Antimony .067 .030
*Lead .010 .005
*Oil and Grease .468 .281
*TSS .960 .457
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or~~Maximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
*Antimony .124 .055
*Lead .018 .009
*Oil and Grease .860 .516
*TSS 1.770 .839
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1641
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.076
.011
.526
1.080
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.005
.316
.513
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.021
.003
.149
.306
.010
.001
.090
.146
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1642
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment CCW
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
*Antimony 4.130 1.850
*Lead .605 .288
*Oil and Grease 28.800 17.300
*TSS 59.100 28.100
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
*Antimony .158 .070
*Lead .023 .011
*Oil and Grease 1.100 .660
*TSS 2.260 1.070
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1643
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Swaging Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsions
*Antimony .0051 .0023
*Lead .0008 .0004
*Oil and Grease .0354 .0213
*TSS .0726 .0345
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.0029
.0004
.0200
.0410
.0013
.0002
.0120
.0195
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1644
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
*Antimony .084 .038
*Lead .012 .006
*0il and Grease .588 .353
*TSS 1.210 .574
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water .
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
*Antimony .107 .048
*Lead .016 .007
*Oil and Grease .746 .448
*TSS 1.530 .728
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1645
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead^-tin-bismuth
shot formed
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
1.690
.247
11.800
24.100
.753
.118
7.060
11.500
'pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-^bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.345
.050
2.400
4.920
.154
.024
1.440
2.340
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1646
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony 6.780 3.020
*Lead .991 .472
*0il and Grease 47.200 28.300
*TSS 96.800 46.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1647
-------
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1648
-------
Table ix-14
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.033
.109
9.950
4.440
.007
1.490
3.060
.013
.046
4.370
1.970
.895
1.460
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants.
There could be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium
cooled with water
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
1.270
4.220
385.000
172.000
.289
57.800
119.000
.520
1.760
170.000
76.300
34.700
56.400
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1649
-------
Table.IX-14 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of magnesium
forged
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.0176
.0583
5.3200
2.3800
.0040
.7980
1.6400
,0072
,0244
,3400
,0600
,4790
,7780
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
cast with direct chill methods
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
1.740
5.770
527..000
235.000
.395
79.000
162.000
.711
2.410
232.000
104.000
47.400
77.000
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1650
-------
Table IX-14 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.205
.681
62.100
27.700
.047
9.320
19.100
.084
.284
27.300
12.300
5.590
9.090
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
8.320
27.600
2,520.000
1,130.000
1.890
378.000
775.000
3.400
11.500
1,110.000
499.000
227.000
369.000
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1651
-------
Table IX-14 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
sawed or ground
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.009
.029
2.600
1.160
.002
.390
.800
.004
.012
1.140
.515
.234
.380
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
formed
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.273
.904
82.500
36.900
.062
12.400
25.400
.112
.378
36.300
16.400
7.430
12.100
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1652
-------
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1655
-------
Table IX-16
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.058
.075
.323
.071
.327
.248
10.100
3.400
6.970
.026
.031
.170
.034
.216
.104
4.490
2.040
3.320
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of nickel-cobalt
rolled with water
Cadmium 1.280 .566
*Chromium 1.660 .679
Copper 7.170 3.770
Lead 1.590 .754
*Nickel 7.240 4.790
Zinc 5.510 2.300
*Fluoride 225.000 99.500
*Oil and Grease 75.400 45.300
*TSS / 155.000 73.500
*pH /Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1656
-------
xaoie xx-ie fcontinued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs
drawn with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*0il and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range of
) of nickel-cobalt
.033
.042
.181
.040
.183
.139
5.680
1.910
3.910
7.5 to 10.0 at all
.014
.017
.095
.019
.121
.058
2.520
1.150
1.860
times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1657
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.028
.037
.158
.035
.160
.122
4.950
1.670
3.410
.013
.015
.083
.017
.106
.051
2.200
.999
1.620
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
extruded
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.079
.102
.441
.098
.446
.339
13.800
4.640
9.510
.035
.042
.232
.046
.295
.142
6.130
2.790
4.530
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1658
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged nickel-cobalt
cooled with water
Cadmium
*Chromium
Coppe r
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.161
.209
.901
.199
.910
.692
28.200
9.480
19.500
.071
.085
.474
.095
.602
.289
12.500
5.690
9.250
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,0136
,0176
,0760
,0168
,0768
,0584
,3800
,8000
.6400
0060
,0072
,0400
0080
,0508
,0244
,0600
,4800
,7800
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1659
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.064
.082
.356
.079
.359
.273
11.100
3.740
7.670
.028
.034
.187
.037
.238
.114
4.940
2.250
3.650
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
metal powder atomized
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.891
1.150
4.980
,100
030
3.830
156.000
52.400
108.000
1,
5,
.393
.472
2.620
.524
3.330
1.600
69.200
31.500
51.100
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1660
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
cast with stationary casting methods
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
4.120
5.330
23.000
5.080
23.300
17.700
720.000
242.000
496.000
1.820
2.18C
12.100
2.420
15.400
7.380
320.000
145.000
236.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1661
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (ib/miilion off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.318
.412
1.780
.393
1.800
1.370
55.700
18;700
38.400
.140
.169
.935
.187
1.190
.571
24.700
11.200
18.300
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
8.030
10.400
44.900
9.910
45.300
34.500
1,410.000
472.000
968.000
3.540
4.250
23.600
4.720
30.000
14.400
623.000
283.000
460,000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1662
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS •
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Ammonia Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
•monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with ammonia solution
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.005
.007
.028
.006
.028
.022
.881
.296
.607
.002
.003
.015
.003
.019
.009
.391
.17.8
.289
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
'Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.012
.015
.064
.014
.065
.050
2.020
.678
1.390
.005
.006
.034
.007
.043
.021
.895
.407
.661
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1663
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.792
1.030
4.430
.979
,480
,400
139.000
46.600
95.600
4,
3,
.350
.420
2.330
.466
2.960
1.420
61.500
28.000
45.500
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with molten salt
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
2.870
3.720
16.100
3.550
16.200
12.300
502.000
169.000
346.000
1.270
1.520
8.440
1.690
10.700
5.150
223.000
101.000
165.000
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1664
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
sawed or ground with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.013
.017
.075
.017
.076
.058
2.350
.788
1.620
.006
.007
.039
.008
.050
.024
1.040
.473
.769
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.616
.797
3.440
.760
3.480
2.640
108.000
36.200
74.200
.272
.326
1.810
.362
2.300
1.110
47.800
21.700
35.300
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1665
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Steam Cleaning Condensate
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
steam cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.010
.013
.057
.013
.058
.044
1.790
.602
1.240
.005
.005
.030
.006
.038
.018
.795
.361
.587
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing
Wastewater ,; . •; :. .
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1666
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
tested with dye penetrant methods
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.072
.094
.405
.090
.409
.311
12.700
4.260
8.740
.032
.038
.213
.043
.271
.130
5.630
2.560
4.160
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.084
.108
.468
.104
.473
.359
14.700
4.920
10.100
.037
.044
.246
.049
.313
.150
6.500
2.950
4.800
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1667
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
- BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Pluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,276
,357
,540
,340
,560
,180
48.200
16.200
33.200
1,
1,
.122
.146
.810
.162
1.030
.494
21.400
9.720
15.800
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1668
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
electrocoated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*0il and Grease
*TSS
1.150
1.480
6.410
1.420
6.470
4.920
201.000
67.400
138.000
.506
.607
3.370
.674
4.280
2.060
89.000
40.500
65.700
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
-1669
-------
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m
-------
Table IX-18
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
rolled with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
.026
.034
.147
.022
.032
.148
.032
.113
1.540
3.160
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
.012
.014
.077
.009
.015
.098
.013
.0,47
.925
1.510
times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1672
-------
table IX-18
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of precious metals
drawn with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.016
.021
.090
.014
.020
.091
.020
.069
.950
1.950
.007
.009
.048
.006
.010
.060
.008
.029
.570
.926
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with soap solutions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.0011
.0014
.0059
.0009
.0013
.0060
.0013
.0046
.0624
.1280
.0005
.0006
.0031
.0004
.0006
.0040
.0005
.0019
.0375
.0609
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1673
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
powder wet atomized
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*0il and Grease
*TSS
2.270
2.940
12.700
1.940
2.810
12.800
2.740
9.750
134.000
274.000
1,
1,
,000
,200
6.680
.802
1.340
8.490
1.140
4.080
80.200
130.000
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
cast by the direct chill method
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silyer
Zinc
*0il and Grease
*TSS
3.670
4.750
20.500
3.130
4.540
20.800
4.430
15.800
216.000
443.000
1.620
1.950
10.800
1.300
2.160
13.700
1.840
6.590
130.000
211.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1674
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
shot cast
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*0il and Grease
*TSS
1,
1,
1.250
1.620
6.980
,070
,540
7.050
1.510
5.360
73.400
151.000
.551
.661
3.670
.441
.734
4.660
.624
2.240
44.100
71.600
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1675
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
by the semi-continuous or continuous method
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
3.500
4.530
19.600
2.990
4.330
19.800
4.230
15.100
206.000
423.000
1.550
1.860
10.300
1.240
2.060
13.100
1.750
6.290
124.000
201.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded precious
metals heat treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
1,
1,
7,
1,
1,
,420
,840
,930
,210
,750
8.010
1.710
6.090
83.400
171.000
.626
.751
4.170
.501
.834
5.300
.709
2.550
50.100
81.300
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1676
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded precious
metals heat treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.033
.042
.183
.028
.041
.185
.040
.141
..930
1.950
.015
.017
.096
.012
.019
.123
.016
.059
1.160
1.880
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
2.100
2.710
11.700
1.790
2.590
11.800
2.530
9.000
123.000
253.000
.924
1.110
6.160
.739
1.230
,830
,050
,760
73.900
120.000
7.
1,
3,
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1677
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,020
,026
,114
,017
,025
,115
,025
,088
,200
,460
.009
.011
.060
.007
.012
.076
.010
.037
.720
1.170
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant' property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
3.810
4.930
21.300
3.250
4.710
21.500
4.590
16.400
224.000
459.000
1.680
2.020
11.200
1.350
2.240
14.200
1.910
6.830
135.000
219.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1678
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal cleaned prior to bonding
*Cadmium 3.950 1.740
Chromium 5.110 2.090
*Copper 22.100 11.600
*Cyanide 3.370
*Lead 4.870
Nickel 22.300
*Silver 4.760
Zinc 17.000
*Oil and Grease 232.000
*TSS 476.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1.390
2.320
14.800
970
080
139.000
226.000
1,
7.
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
tumbled or burnished
*Cadmium
Chromi-um
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
4.120
5.330
23.000
3.510
5.080
23.300
4.960
17.700
242.000
496.000
1.820
2.180
12.100
1.450
2.420
15.400
2.060
7.380
145.000
236.000
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1679
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of precious metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,032
,041
,178
,027
,039
,180
,038
,137
,870
,830
.014
.017
.093
.011
.019
.119
.016
.057
1.120
1.820
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1680
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal pressure bonded
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,028
,037
,159
024
,035
,161
,034
,122
,670
,430
.013
.015
.084
.010
.017
.106
.014
.051
1.000
1.630
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1681
-------
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1683
-------
Table IX-20
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite-Based Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within
.189
.815
.180
.824
.176
.627
.052
25.500
2.840
.193
.043
2.990
8.580
17.600
the range of 7.5 to
.077
.429
.086
.545
.073
.262
11.300
1.470
1.190
5.150
8.370
10.0 at all times
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1684
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any prie day
Maximum for
mpnthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within
.524
2.260
.500
2.290
.488
1.740
.143
70.800
7.870
.536
.119
8.280
23.800
48.800
the range of 7.5 to
.214
1.190
.238
1.510
.203
.726
31.400
4.070
3.310
14.300
23.200
10.0 at all times
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1685
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory
metals cooled with water
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.142
.614
.136
.620
.133
.472
.039
19.200
2.140
.146
.032
2.250
6.460
13.300
.058
.323
.065
.410
.055
.197
8.530
1.110
.898
3.880
6.300
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1686
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
powder produced
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil"and Grease
*TSS
.124
.534
.118
.540
.115
.410
.034
16.700
1.860
.127
.028
1.960
5.620
11.500
.051
.281
.056
.357
.048
.172
7.420
.961
.781
3.370
5.480
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1687
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within
.171
.739
.164
.747
.160
.568
.047
23.200
2.570
.175
.039
2.710
7.780
16.000
the range of 7.5 to 10.0
.070
.389
.078
.494
.066
.237
10.300
1.330
_• —
1.080
4.670
7.590
at all times
1688
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
53.300
230.000
50.800
233.000
49.600
177.OOP
14.5QO
7,200.000
800.000
54.500
12.100
842.000
2,420.000
4,960.000
range of 7.5 to 10,
21.800
121.000
24.200
154.000
20.600
73.800
3,200.000
414.000
337.000
1,450.000
2,360.000
at all times
1689
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.147
.635
.140
.641
.137
.488
.040
19.900
2.210
.151
.033
2.330
6.680
13.700
.060
.334
.067
.424
.057
.204
8.820
1.140
.929
4.010
6.520
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1690
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Maximum for
any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
359.
1,550.
343.
1,570.
335.
1,190.
97.
48,600.
5,400.
367.
81.
5,680.
16,300.
33,500.
range of 7
000
000
000
000
000
000
900
000
000
000
600
000
000
000
.5 to
147.000
816.000
163.000
1,040.000
139.000
498.000
21,600.000
2,790.000
2,270.000
9,790.000
15,900.000
10.0 at all times
1691
-------
r
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH , Within the range
2.790
12.000
2.660
12.200
2.600
9.240
.760
377.000
41.900
2.850
.633
44.100
127.000
260.000
of 7.5 to 10.0
1.140
6.330
1.270
8.040
1.080
3.860
167.000
21.700
17.600
76.000
124.000
at all times
1692
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wasfcewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tumbled or burnished
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
5.500
23.800
5.250
24.000
5.130
18.300
1.500
744.000
82.600
5.630
1.250
87.000
250.000
513.000
range of 7.5 to
2.250
12.500
2.500
15.900
2.130
7.630
330.000
42.800
34.800
150.000
244.000
10.0 at all times
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1693
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.131
.565
.125
.570
.122
.434
.036
17.700
1.970
.134
.030
,070
2,
5,
940
12.200
.054
.297
.059
.377
.051
.181
7.840
1.020
.826
3.570
5.790
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1694
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
B~PT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
10
45
10
46
9
35
2
1,450
161
11
2
169
486
997
.700
.200
.200
.700
.970
.500
.920
.000
.000
.000
.430
.000
.000
.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
4.380
24.300
4.860
30.900
4.130
14.800
642.000
83.100
67.600
292.000
474.000
at all times
1695
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
'*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.059
.257
.057
.259
.055
.197
.016
8.030
.893
.061
.014
.940
2.700
5.540
.024
.135
.027
.172
.023
.082
3.570
.462
.376
1.620
2.630
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1696
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals,
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.034
.148
.033
.149
.032
.113
.009
4.620
.513
.035
.008
.540
1.550
3.180
.014
.078
.016
.099
.013
.047
2.050
.266
.216
.931
1.520
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1697
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium .599 .245
*Copper 2.590 1.360
Lead .571 .272
*Nickel 2.610 1.730
Silver .558 .231
Zinc 1.990 .830
Columbium .163
*Fluoride 80.900 35.900
*Molybdenum 8.990 4.650
Tantalum .612
Vanadium .136
Tungsten 9.470 3.780
*Oil and Grease 27.200 16.300
*TSS 55.800 26.500
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1698
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.152
.656
.145
.663
.142
.504
.041
20.500
2.280
.155
.035
2.400
6.900
14.200
.345
.069
.438
.059
.211
9.110
1.180
.959
4.140
6.730
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1699
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
.346
1.500
.331
1.510
.323
1.150
.095
46.800
5.200
.354
.079
5.480
15.800
32.300
range of 7.5 to
.142
.787
.158
1.000
.134
.480
20.800
2.690
2.190
9.450
15,400
10.0 at all times
1700
-------
ng
oduction Norma
Parameter
Mass of titanium rolled
contact cooling water
rud
4-< «
C
it- O
o ••-
ul
in —
w 3
id E
2 a
uded
Ma
ed
T)
01
01
t.
O L
<*- 01
<*- 10
o i
in r.
in 4-*
id i-
S x
Mass of t i tanium _f orged on
equipment requi' ing cleaning
with water
Ma
<*- TD
C 01
4-»
in id
in ID
id t-
i- T:
o 01
4-*
in to
in ID
10 t-
14- T3
o 01
c
10 (0
at 01
id —
S O
ka
t- T)
O 01
c
en to
in o
10 —
S o
Q:
o
o
UJ
o
m
o
01
O
Z
o: i-.
O E
a. o:
o
01 u_
O S
•a 01
01 I-
N to
•r- JZ
— u
id in
t- a
o
•z. t-
a
m
10
oi
o
so
CM
•3-
CM
o
a
o
CO
10
o
00
GO
I-.
o
o
o
o
o
CD
O
CM
O
O
CM
Ol
CM
O
CM
O
CO
n
a
O I-H
I- H
oi
10
id
c
id
L.
T3
c
(0
u
c.
JD
01
c
r — 4-.
u
Cd
in
01
c
o.
c
01
a
01
c
ID
a
M
c
01
a
0>
a
o
01
c
01
c
01
c
O)
c
T3
01
to
ID
01
o
id
4-
I.
3
01
01
c
ID
<
1701
-------
01
c
(0
E t-
L 0)
O +•
c ra
o <~
i- a
v a
o
3
T3
O
U
a.
TJ
0)
TJ
0)
CO
3 TJ
•r- 01
C E
CO
-*-» TJ
•^ a
+j in
CO
o c 01
01 i-
in 4-1 in o
o >— tn +*
co o ra ra
E E EX
I.
o
c
01 •!-
3 in
10 •—
M 3
E
E 01
D
"- C
c •-«
0<
I- I-
< 1-1
_J 1-
O I
UJ
o:
-------
Table IX-22
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Titanium Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of titanium
rolled with contact cooling water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
2.150
9.270
,420
,050
,370
,130
651.000
291.000
4.590
97.600
200.000
1,
2,
9,
7,
.879
4.880
.586
.976
6.200
2.980
286.000
129.000
2.000
58.600
95.200
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1703
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.032
.137
.021
.030
.138
.105
9.590
4.280
.068
1.440
2.950
.013
.072
.009
.014
.091
.044
4.220
1.900
.030
.863
1.400
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.078
.338
.052
.075
.342
.260
23.700
10.600
.168
3.560
7.300
.032
.178
.021
.036
.226
.109
10.500
4.700
.073
2.140
3.470
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1704
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Titanium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged titanium
cooled with water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,880
,800
,580
,840
,840
,920
267.000
119.000
1.880
40.000
82.000
3,
2.
.360
2.000
.240
.400
2.540
1.220
117.000
52.800
.R20
24.000
39.000
"PH
Within the range of 7.5.. to 10.0 at all times
1705
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.018
.076
.012
.017
.077
.058
5.330
2.380
.038
.800
1.640
.007
.040
.005
.008
.051
.024
2.350
1.060
.016
.480
.780
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of titanium
forged
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.445
1.920
.293
.424
1.940
1.480
135.000
60.100
.950
20.200
41.400
.182
1.010
.121
.202
1.280
.616
59.200
26.700
.414
12.100
19.700
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1706
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Titanium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.092
.395
.060
.087
.400
.304
27.700
12.400
.196
4.160
8.530
.038
.208
.025
.042
.264
.127
12.200
5.490
.085
2.500
4.060
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1707
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
12.900
55.500
8.470
12.300
56.100
42.700
3,890.000
1,740.000
27.500
584.000
1,200.000
5.260
29.200
3.510
5.840
37.100
17.800
1,710.000
771.000
12.000
351.000
570.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.106
.456
.070
.101
.461
.351
32.000
14.300
.226
4.800
9.840
.043
.240
.029
.048
.305
.147
14.100
6.340
.098
2.880
4.680
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1708
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
1,
5,
,220
,250
.801
1.160
5.300
4.030
368.000
164.000
2.600
55.200
113.000
.497
2.760
.331
.552
5.10
,690
162.000
72.900
1.130
33.100
53.800
3,
1,
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0.at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
treated with molten salt
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.420
1.820
.277
.401
1.840
1.400
128.000
56.800
.898
19.100
39.200
.172
.955
.115
.191
1.210
.583
56.000
25.200
.392
11.500
18.600
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1709
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATION'S
BPT
Titanium Forming
Tumbling Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium tumbled
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.348
1.500
.229
.332
1.520
1.160
106.000
47.000
.743
15.800
32.400
.142
.790
.095
.158
1.010
.482
46.300
20.900
.324
9.480
15.400
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1710
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
ing/off-kg (Ib/million off-Ibs) of titanium
sawed or ground with em:.; Is ions
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.081
.348
.053
.077
.352
.267
24.400
10.900
.172
3.660
7.510
.033
.183
.022
.037
.233
.112
10.700
4.830
.075
2.200
3.570
fcpH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*0il and Grease
*TSS
100
050
.380
,000
,140
,950
,000
,000
4.480
95.200
195.000
2.
9.
1,
2,
9,
6,
635,
283,
.857
4.760
.571
.952
6.050
2.910
279.000
126.000
1.950
57.100
92.800
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1711
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.493
2.130
.325
.471
2.150
1.640
149.000
66.700
1.050
22.400
45.900
.202
1.120
.135
.224
1.420
.683
65.700
29.600
.459
13.500
21.900
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Hydrotesting Wastewater
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1712
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Soi
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium formed
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.014
.062
.009
.014
.062
.047
4.320
1.930
,031
.648
1.330
.OC5
.032
.004
.006
.041
.020
1.900
.856
.013
.389
.632
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium- Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1713
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGQRY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
formed
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.942
4.070
.621
.899
4.110
3.130
285.000
128.000
2.010
42.800
87.800
.385
2.140
.257
.428
2.720
1.310
126.000
56.500
.878
25.700.
41.800
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1714
-------
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-------
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1716
-------
Table IX-24
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Uranium Forming
Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of uranium
extruded
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.117
.152
.654
.145
.661
.502
20.500
2.280
2.240
6.880
14.100
,052
,062
,344
,069
,437
210
080
,180
,630
4.130
6.710
9.
1,
1,
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1717
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded or "forged
uranium heat treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,646
,836
,610
,798
,650
,780
113.000
12.600
12.400
38.000
77.900
3,
2,
,285
,342
,900
,380
,420
,160
50.200
6.500
8.990
22.800
37.100
2,
1,
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.009
.012
.052
.011
.052
.040
1.620
.180
.177
.544
1.120
.004
.005
.027
.005
.035
.017
.718
.093
.129
.327
.531
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1718
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for'
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS .
'.115
.148
.641
.142
.647
.492
20.100
2.230
2.190
6.740
13.800
.051
.061
.337
.067
.428
.206
8.900
1.150
1.600
4.050
6.570
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.0019
.0025
.0108
.0024
.0109
.0083
.3380
.0376
.0369
.1140
.2330
.0009
.0010
.0057
.0011
.0072
.0035
.1500
.0194
.0269
.0682
.1110
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1719
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.561
.726
3.140
.693
3.170
2.410
98.200
10.900
10.700
33.000
67.700
.248
.297
1.650
.330
2.100
1.010
43.600
5.650
7.810
19.800
32.200
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed, or ground
uranium rinsed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.0016
.0021
.0088
.0020
.0089
.0068
.2770
.0308
.0302
.0930
.1910
.0007
.0008
.0047
.0009
.0059
.0028
.1230
.0159
.0220
.0558
.0907
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1720
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Area Cleaning Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
^Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
^015
.019
.082
• Q18
.082
.063
2.550
.284
.279
.858
1.760
.006
.008
.043
.009
.055
.026
1.130
.147
.203
.515
.837
Within the range of 7..5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1721
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,0012
,0015
,0066
,0015
,0067
,0051
,2080
,0231
,0227
,0698
,1430
.0005
..0006
.0035
.0007
.0044
.0021
.0922
.0120
.0165
.0419
.0681
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Drum Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.015
.020
.084
.019
.085
.065
2.640
.293
.288
.886
1.820
.007
.008
.044
.009
.056
.027
1.170
.152
.210
.532
.864
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
.1722
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Laundry Washwatar
Pollutant or Maximum for
pollutant property any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/employee-day uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Uranium
Oil and Grease
TSS
3
1
2
17
23
99
22
101
76
,120
347
341
,050
,150
.800
.100
.600
.000
.000
.500
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
7.860
9.430
52.400
10.500
66.600
32.000
1,390.000
179.000
248.000
629.000
1,020.000
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1723
-------
in
N
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01
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01
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in
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01
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LU
1724
-------
Table IX-26
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,0006
,0026
,0004
,0027
,0020
,0278
,0570
.0003
.0014
.0002
.0018
.0009
.0167
.0271
'pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum, for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with contact cooling water
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.236
1.020
.156
1.030
.783
10.700
22.000
.097
.536
.064
.681
.327
6.430
10.500
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1725
-------
Table IX-26 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs
drawn with emulsions
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range of
) of zinc
.0026
.0110
.0017
.0112
.0085
.1160
.2380
7.5 to 10.0 at all
.0011
.0058
.0007
.0074
.0035
.0696
.1130
times
BPT
Zinc Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast
by the direct chill method
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.222
.960
.147
.970
.738
10.100
20.700
.091
.505
.061
.642
.308
6.060
9.850
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1726
-------
Table IX-26 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zinc Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
heat treated
*Chromium .336 .138
*Copper 1.450 .763
*Cyanide .221 .092
Nickel 1.470 .969
*Zinc 1.120 .466
*0il and Grease 15.300 9.160
*TSS 31.300 14.900
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatement Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.039
.169
.026
.171
.130
1.780
3.640
.016
.089
.011
.113
.054
1.070
1.730
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1727
-------
Table IX-26 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
1.580
6.800
1.040
6.880
5.230
71.600
147.000
.645
3.580
.430
4.550
2.190
43.000
69.800
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and.Grease
*TSS
,0016
,0068
,0010
,0068
,0052
,0710
,1460
.0006
.0036
.0004
.0045
.0022
.0426
.0692
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1728
-------
Table IX-26 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Maximum for
monthly average
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.744
3.210
.490
3.250
2.470
33.800
69.300
.304
1.690
.203
2.150
1.030
20.300
33.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Zinc Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.011
.045
.007
.046
.035
.476
.976
.004
.024
.003
.030
.015
.286
.464
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1729
-------
Table IX-26 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zinc Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
ing/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
electrocoated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
1.010
4.350
.664
,400
,350
45.800
93.900
4,
3,
.412
2.290
.275
2.910
1.400
27.500
44.700
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1730
-------
01
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c a
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CO
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Q: a uj
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3
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Id
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1731
-------
-------
Table JX-28
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants;
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
extruded
*fChromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Pluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
off-lbs) of
.104
.451
.069
.100
.455
.346
31.600
14.100
6.830
4.740
9.720
zirconium-hafnium
.043
.237
.029
.047
.301
.145
13.900
6.260
3.300
2.850
4.620
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1733
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Swaging Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants !
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/raillion off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
heat treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.151
.652
.100
.144
.659
.501
45.700
20.400
9.880
6.860
14.100
.062
.343
.041
.069
.436
.209
20.100
9.060
4.770
4.120
6.690
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1734
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of• zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.150
.646
.099
.143
.653
.497-
45.300
20.300
9.790
6.800
14.000
.061
.340
.041
.068
.432
.208
19.9.00
8.980
4.730
4.080
6.630
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated ,
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fiuoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
3.910
16.900
2.580
3.730
17.100
13.000
1,190.000
529.000
256.000
178.000
364.000
1.600
8.880
1,
1.
,070
,780
11.300
5.420
521.000
235.000
124.000
107.0.00
173..000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1735
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.704
,040
,464
,672
,070
,340
213.000
95.200
46.100
32.000
65.600
3,
2,
.288
1.600
.192
.320
2.030
.976
93.800
42.300
22.300
19.200
31.200
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
13
59
9
13
60
45
4,190
1,870
905
628
1,290
.800
.700
.110
.200
.300
.900
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
5.650
31.400
3.770
6.280
39.900
19.200
1,840.000
829.000
437.000
377.000
613.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1736
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
treated with molten salt
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
3.330
14.400
2.190
3.180
14.500
11.100
1,010.000
450.000
218.000
151.000
310.000
1,
7,
,360
560
.907
1.510
9.600
4.610
443.000
200.000
105.000
90.700
148.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1737
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.124
.534
.082
.118
.540
.410
37.500
16.700
8.090
5.620
11.500
.051
.281
.034
.056
.357
.172
16.500
7.420
3.910
3.370
5.480
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.141
.610
.093
.135
.617
.469
42.800
19.100
9.250
6.420
13.200
.058
.321
.039
.064
.408
.196
18.800
8.480
4.460
3.850
6.260
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1738
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
zirconium-hafnium rinsed
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.792
3.420
.522
.756
3.460
. 2.630
240.000
107.000
51.900
36.000
73.800
,324
,800
,216
,360
,290
,100
106.000
47.500
25.000
21.600
35.100
2,
1,
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Inspection and Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
tested
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.007
.029
.004
.006
.030
.023
2.050
.917
.444
.308
.632
.003
.015
.002
.003
.020
.0,09
.903
.407
.214
.185
.301
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1739
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of process
wastewater pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Rinse
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1740
-------
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1741
-------
Table IX-30
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of powder
wet atomized
Chromium 2.220 .907
*Copper 9.580 5.040
*Cyanide 1.460 .605
*Lead 2.120 1.010
Nickel 9.680 6.400
Zinc 7.360 3.080
Aluminum 32.400 16.100
Iron 6.050 3.080
*0il and Grease 101.000 60.500
*TSS 207.000 98.300
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Metal Powders
Tumbling, Burnishing, or Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)of powder metallurgy
parts tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Chromium 1.940 .792
*Copper 8.360 4.400
*Cyanide 1.280 .528
*Lead 1.850 .880
Nickel , 8.450 5.590
Zinc 6.430 2.690
Aluminum 28.300 14.100
Iron 5.280 2.690
*0il and Grease 88.000 52.800
*TSS 181.000 85.800
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1742
-------
Table IX-30 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT •".; .
Metal .Powders ... . *'
Sawing or-Grinding Spent' Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for.
any one;day
Maximum for
;monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with emulsons
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.008
.034
.005
.008
.035
.026
.117
.022
.362
.742
.003
.018
.002
.004
.023
.011
.058
.011
.217
.353
*PH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1743
_
-------
Table IX-30 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.713
3.080
.470
.681
3.110
2.370
10.400
1.950
32.400
66.400
.292
1.620
.195
.324
2.060
.988
5.190
.988
19.500
31.600
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1744
-------
Table.IX-30 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
sized
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.006
.028
.004
.006
.028
.021
.094
.018
.292
.599
.003
.015
.002
.003
.019
.009
.047
.009
.175
.285
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Metal Powders
Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts steam treated
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.349
1.510
.230
.333
1.520
1.160
5.090
.951
15.900
32.500
.143
.792
.095
.159
1.010
.483
2.540
.483
9.510
15.500
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1745
-------
Table IX-30 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Oil-Resin Impregnation Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Metal Powders
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Metal Powders
Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
cooled after pressing
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
3.870
16.700
2.550
3.700
16.900
12.900
56.600
10.600
176.000
361.000
1.590
8.800
1.060
1.760
11.200
5.370
28.200
5.370
106.000
172.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1746
-------
Table IX-30 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
mixed
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nicketl
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*0il and Grease
*TSS
3.480
15.000
2.290
3.320
15.200
11.600
50.800
9.480
158.000
324.000
1.420
7.900
.948
1.580
10.100
4.820
25.300
4.820
94.800
154.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1747
-------
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SECTION X
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
The effluent limitations in this section apply to existing direct
dischargers. A direct discharger is a facility which discharges
or may discharge pollutants into waters of the United States.
These effluent limitations, which were to be achieved by July 1,
1984, are based on the best control and treatment technology
employed by a specific point source within the industrial
category or subcategory, or by another industry where it is
readily transferable. Emphasis is placed on additional treat-
ment techniques applied at the end of the treatment systems
currently employed for BPT, as well as improvements in reagent
control, process control, and treatment technology optimization.
The factors considered in assessing best available technology
economically achievable (BAT) include the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the process employed, process changes,
nonwater quality environmental impacts (including energy require-
ments), and the costs of application of such technology. BAT
technology represents the best existing economically achievable
performance of plants of various ages, sizes, processes, or other
characteristics. Those categories whose existing performance is
uniformly inadequate may require a transfer of BAT from a
different subcategory or category. BAT may include process
changes or internal controls, even when these are not
common industry practice. This level of technology also
considers those plant processes and control and treatment
technologies which at pilot plants and other levels have
demonstrated both technological performance and economic
viability at a level sufficient to justify investigation.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT
The Agency reviewed and evaluated a wide range of technology
options to ensure that the most effective technologies were used
as the basis of BAT. To accomplish this, the Agency examined
three technology alternatives which could be applied to
nonferrous metals forming as BAT options and which would
represent substantial progress toward prevention of
pollution of the environment above and beyond progress
achievable by BPT. The statutory assessment of BAT considers
costs, but does not require a balancing of costs against
effluent reduction benefits [see Weyerhaeuser v. Costle, 11
ERG 2149 (D.C. Cir. 1978)]; however, in assessing the proposed
BAT, the Agency has given substantial weight to the
reasonableness of costs.
1757
-------
r
EPA evaluated three levels of BAT for the category at proposal.
Option 1 is BPT treatment. Option 2 is BPT treatment plus flow
reduction and in-plant controls. Option 3 provides additional
levels of treatment, including filtration. Options 1, 2, and 3
technologies aref in general, equally applicable to all the
subcategories of the nonferrous metals forming category Each
treatment produces similar concentrations of pollutants in the
effluent from all subcategories. Mass limitations derived from
these options will vary, however, because of the impact of
different production normalized wastewater discharge flow
allowances.
In summary form, the treatment technologies which were considered
as BAT for the nonferrous metals forming category are:
Option 1 (Figure X-l):
- Oil skimming,
Lime and settle (chemical precipitation of metals
followed by sedimentation), and
- pH adjustment; and, where required,
Iron coprecipitation,
- Chemical emulsion breaking,
- Ammonia steam stripping,
- Cyanide removal, and
- Hexavalent chromium reduction.
(This option is the technology on which BPT is based.)
Option 2 (Figure X-l):
Option 1, plus process wastewater flow reduction by the
following methods:
- Contact cooling water recycle through cooling towers
or holding tanks.
- Air pollution control scrubber liquor recycle.
Countercurrent cascade rinsing or other water effi-
cient methods applied to surface treatment rinses
and alkaline cleaning rinses.
Use of periodic batch discharges or decreased flow
rate for molten salt rinse.
Recycle of equipment cleaning wastewater, tumbling
and burnishing wastewater, and other wastewater
streams through holding tanks with provision for
suspended solids removal, if necessary.
Option 3 (Figure X-2):
- Option 2, plus multimedia filtration at the end
of the Option 2 treatment train. In addition to
filtration, ion exchange was added to the end-of-
pipe treatment train for the removal of gold, where
necessary.
1758
-------
Option 1
Option 1 is the BPT end-of-pipe treatment technology. This
treatment train depicted in Figure X-l consists of preliminary
treatment, when necessary, consisting "of chemical emulsion
breaking and oil skimming, ammonia steam stripping,' cyanide
removal, and hexavalent chromium reduction. The effluent from
preliminary treatment is combined with other wastewaters for
combined 'treatment by oil skimming and lime and settle Iron
coprecipitation is added to the end-of-pipe treatment train when
necessary to remove molybdenum.
Option 2
Option 2, depicted in Figure X-2, builds upon the BPT end-of-pipe
treatment technologies by incorporating in-process flow reduction
measures. The flow reduction measures eliminate some wastewater
streams and concentrate the pollutants in others. Treatment of
more concentrated streams allows a greater net removal of
pollutants. Additionally, treating a reduced flow reduces
costs. Methods for reducing process wastewater generation or
discharge include:
Contact Cooling Water Recycle Through Cooling Towers g_r Holding
Tanks. The cooling and recycle of contact cooling water from
heat treatment and casting operations was reported for 50
operations in this category. Contact cooling water recycle is
also demonstrated by nonferrous metals manufacturing plants,
aluminum forming plants, copper forming plants, and metal molding
and casting (foundry) plants. The function of contact cooling
water is to remove heat quickly from the nonferrous metals.
Therefore, the principal requirements of the water are that-it be
cool and not contain dissolved solids at a level that would cause
water marks or other surface imperfections. There is sufficient
industry experience to assure the success of recycle using
cooling towers or heat exchangers. For operations with low
cooling water flow rates, holding tanks should be sufficient to
recycle the cooling water. Although no cooling water was
reported to be discharged from 26 operations by reason of
continued recycle, some blowdown or periodic cleaning is likely
to be needed to prevent a build-up of dissolved and suspended
solids.
Scrubber Liquor Recycle. The recycle of scrubber liquor from wet
air pollution control devices was reported for 32 operations in
this category. The scrubber water picks up particulates and
fumes from the air. Scrubbers and other wet air pollution
control devices have relatively low water quality requirements
for efficient operation, accordingly, recycle of scrubber liquor
is appropriate for nonferrous metals forming operations. For
eight operations, complete recycle of scrubber water with no
discharge is practiced. However, a blowdown or periodic cleaning
may be necessary in some cases to prevent the build-up of
dissolved and suspended solids.
1759
-------
Countercurrent Cascade Rinsing Applied to Surface Treatment
Rinses and Alkaline Cleaning Rinses. Countercurrent cascade
rinsing is a mechanism commonly encountered in nonferrous metals
processing operations (see Section VII). The cleanest water is
used for final rinsing of an item, preceded by rinse stages using
water with progressively more,contaminants to partially rinse the
item. Fresh make-up water is added to the final rinse stage, and
contaminated rinse water is discharged from the initial rinse
stage. The make-up water for all but the final rinse stage is
from the following stage.
The Countercurrent cascade rinsing process substantially improves
efficiencies of water use for rinsing. For example, the use of a
two-stage Countercurrent cascade rinse can reduce water usage to
less than one-tenth of that needed for a single-stage rinse to
achieve the same level of product cleanliness. Similarly, a
three-stage Countercurrent cascade rinse would reduce water usage
to approximately one-hundredth. Through information supplied by
plants in dcps or obtained during sampling visits by the Agency,
Countercurrent cascade rinsing is known to be practiced at six
nonferrous metals forming plants. Most plants did not provide
sufficient information in the dcp to classify the type of rinsing
performed in their operations. Nonetheless, there is sufficient
industry experience in Countercurrent cascade rinsing to assume
that a large number of plants use such rinsing operations. The
installation of Countercurrent cascade rinsing is applicable to
existing nonferrous metals forming plants because surface
treatment and alkaline cleaning operations are usually
discrete operations and space is generally available for
additional rinse tanks following these operations.
Periodic Batch Discharge or_ Decreased Flow Rate Applied to Molten
Salt Rinse. Discharge flows from molten salt rinrs operations
can be significantly reduced by discharging the rinse on a
periodic basis instead of continuously or by decreasing the rinse
application rate. These flow reduction techniques are
demonstrated at three plants in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory, one plant in the refractory metals forming
subcategory, and one plant in the zirconium-hafnium forming
subcategory.
Recycle of Wastewater Through Holding Tanks With Suspended Solids
Removal if Necessary. Discharge flows from a numberoT
nonferrous metals forming operations can be significantly
reduced by recycle through holding tanks. For streams with
high concentrations of suspended solids, it may be necessary to
add a suspended solids removal step such as filtration,
centrifugation, or gravity settling to the recycle circuit.
The recycle of wastewater after suspended solids removal is
demonstrated at plants in the nonferrous metals forming
category and in other point source categories such as
battery manufacturing. For instance, at one nonferrous metals
forming plant, over 90 percent of the wastewater from a tumbling
operation is recycled through a centrifuge and holding tank. A
few plants reported total recycle of some waste streams,
1760
-------
e.g., wastewater from one tumbling operation is completely
recycled with no discharge. Although total recycle was
reported by some plants, the Agency believes a blowdown or
periodic cleaning may be necessary to prevent the build-up of
dissolved solids and suspended solids in the recycle circuit.
Option 3
Option 3, depicted in Figure X-2, builds upon the technical
requirements of Option 2 by adding conventional mixed-media
filtration after the Option 2 technology treatment train. Ion
exchange is added to the end-of-pipe treatment train for the
precious metals forming subcategory for removal of gold and other
precious metals.
The Agency briefly considered a fourth option, filtration without
flow reduction. This option would have been equivalent to Option
1 with the addition of conventional mixed-media filtration after
the Option 1 technology treatment train. However, flow reduction
greatly reduces the size of the wastewater treatment system
required, and hence its costs. Simultaneously, the efficiency of
the treatment system is increased. For these reasons, the Agency
concluded that filtration without flow reduction was not a
practicable operation. Also, greater pollutant removals could be
achieved by implementing in-process flow reduction prior to end-
of-pipe treatments, including multimedia filtration. For waste
streams which cannot be flow-reduced, this option is equivalent
to Option 3.
Industry Cost and Environmental Benefits of the Various Treatment
Options
The Agency estimated the costs and benefits of the implementation
of each of the options described above in order to evaluate their
economic achievability. The capital and annual costs of each
option were estimated for each subcategory. Additional plant-
specific information collected after proposal permitted the
Agency to expand the scope of cost estimation from model plants
representative of a costing group (the proposal cost methodology)
to a plant-by-plant approach where compliance cost estimates are
prepared for each plant. Plant-by-plant cost estimates were
prepared for 149 discharging plants in the nonferrous metals
forming category, including the 37 direct discharge plants.
Total sub-category cost estimates are presented in Table X-l for
each option. The cost estimates for direct dischargers are
presented, in Table X-2. All costs are based on March 1982
dollars.
The cost methodology has been described in detail in Section
VIII. As discussed in Section VIII, the plant-by-plant costs
were estimated in one of three ways: (1) through use of a
computer cost estimation model, (2) through use of cost curves,
or (3) through scaling of costs from other similar facilities.
Selecting the appropriate method for each plant was based primar-
ily on the quality and timeliness of the information available
1761
-------
for that plant. Capital and annual costs are based on treatment
of the total flow of process wastewater from each plant, regard-
less of its source. The cost of compliance with the nonferrous
metals forming effluent limitations and standards was then
determined as a portion of the total plant cost. Costs were also
apportioned between subcategories when a plant had operations
associated with more than one nonferrous metals forming subcate-
gory. This costing methodology accounts for the fact that many
nonferrous metals forming plants also generate wastewater from
other industrial categories or generate wastewater from opera-
tions associated with more than one nonferrous metals forming
subcategory. The costs for the 149 nonferrous metals forming
plants were extrapolated to estimate the compliance cost for the
additional nine plants for which detailed information was not
available.
Capital and annual cost data for the selected treatment processes
were obtained from three sources (1) equipment manufacturers, (2)
literature data, and (3) cost data from existing plants. The
major source of equipment costs was contacts with equipment
vendors, while the majority of annual cost information was
obtained from the literature. Additional cost and design data
were obtained from data collection portfolios, when possible.
Pollution reduction benefit estimates were calculated for each
option for each subcategory. Total subcategory benefit estimates
are presented in Tables X-3 through X-ll. Benefits for direct
dischargers are presented in Tables X-ll through X-20. Benefits
for indirect dischargers are presented in Section XII.
The first step in the calculation of pollutant reduction benefit
estimates was the calculation of production normalized raw waste
values. The sampling data collected during the field sampling
program and summarized in Section V were used to -characterize the
waste streams in each nonferrous metals forming subcategory. At
each sampled facility, the sampling data were converted into
production normalized values (i.e., mass of pollutants generated
per mass of product manufactured) for each waste stream. The
production normalized values, referred to as raw waste values in
this document, were used to estimate the mass of pollutants
generated in the subcategory.
The raw waste values for each pollutant were calculated by
multiplying the pollutant concentration (mg/1) by the correspond-
ing waste stream flow (I/unit time) and dividing this result by
the corresponding production (kkg/unit time) associated with
generation of the waste stream. This calculation was performed
for each raw wastewater sample. All raw waste values for a given
waste stream were then averaged to determine the average raw
waste value for the pollutant in that waste stream. The average
raw waste value was used as the basis for estimating the mass of
pollutant generated in the waste stream (kg/yr), also referred to
as the raw waste generation-. Average raw waste values were
calculated for all waste streams for which sampling data were
available at the time the benefit calculations were performed.
When sampling data were not available for a given waste stream,
1762
-------
the raw waste values for a stream with similar water quality
characteristics were used (see Section V of this document). The
raw waste values used in the pollutant reduction benefit calcula-
tions are included in the public record supporting this regula-
tion.
Pollutant reduction benefits were calculated for direct and
indirect- dischargers. The benefits for direct and indirect
dischargers were then added to determine total subcategory
benefits. The calculation of pollutant reduction benefits
involves three basic steps: (1) calculation of raw waste genera-
tion, (2) calculation of pollutant discharges, and (3) calcula-
tion of pollutant removals. The raw waste generation (kg/yr)
associated with both direct and indirect dischargers was calcu-
lated for each pollutant for each subcategory. To deter.line the
total raw waste generation associated with direct or indirect
dischargers for a given pollutant, the raw waste generation of
that pollutant is determined for each waste stream in the subcat-
egory and the results for the individual waste streams are added.
The raw waste generation for individual waste streams is calcu-
lated by multiplying the total waste stream production for "direct
or indirect discharge plants (kkg/yr) by the average raw waste
value for the pollutant in the waste stream (kkg/yr x mg/kkg - 1
x 106 = kg/yr).
The mass discharged (kg/yr) for each pollutant for each option
was calculated for both direct and indirect dischargers in each
subcategory. The pollutant discharge mass was calculated by
multiplying the total flow (1/yr) for those waste streams which
enter the treatment system, by the treatment effectiveness
concentration (mg/1) (Table VII-21, p. xxxx) for each pollutant
for the appropriate option. The total flow was determined by
adding the flows for each individual stream discharged to treat-
ment for the option under consideration. The flows for individ-
ual waste streams were calculated by multiplying the total direct
or indirect discharger production for the waste stream (kkg/yr)
by the production normalized regulatory flow (1/kkg) for the
stream (kkg/yr x 1/kkg = 1/yr).
The total mass of pollutant removed was calculated by subtracting
the pollutant discharge mass (kg/yr) from the raw waste genera-
tion (kg/yr).
BAT OPTION SELECTION
The Agency evaluated the compliance costs and benefits for each
of the options considered under BAT on a subcategory-by-
subcategory basis. Compliance costs and benefits for the nonfer-
rous metals forming category are presented in Tables X-l through
X-20. Both Options 2 and 3 provided additional pollutant reduc-
tion beyond that provided by Option 1, the option selected for
BPT.
1763
-------
EPA has selected Option 3 as the basis for BAT effluent limita-
tions in four subcategories and Option 2 as the basis for five
subcategories. Option 1 was selected as the basis for the BAT
limitations in one subcategory. Table X-23 presents a summary of
the selected BAT option for each subcategory.
Option 3 has been selected as the basis for the BAT limitations
for four subcategories because it increases pollutant removals
over BPT and Option 2, and the incremental removals are high in
relationship to the incremental costs BAT limitations for the
following subcategories are based on Option 3: nickel-cobalt
forming, refractory metals forming, uranium forming, and zinc
forming. Option 3 builds upon the technologies established for
BPT. Flow reduction measures and multimedia filtration are the
principal mechanisms for reducing pollutant discharges at this
option. Flow reduction measures concentrate the pollutants in
wastewater streams. Treatment of a more concentrated stream
allows a greater net removal of pollutants. In addition, flow
reduction lowers the cost of treatment by reducing the flow and
hence pumping and chemical costs and the size of treatment
equipment. In many cases, the costs for reducing a wastewater
flow and treating the reduced flow with lime, settle, and multi-
media filtration are less than the costs of treating a non-
reduced wastewater flow by lime and settle alone. All of the
flow reduction measures included in BAT are demonstrated in the
nonferrous metals forming category as well as other point source
categories.
Filtration is demonstrated at one plant in the nonferrous metals
forming category and numerous plants in other point source
categories as well.
Option 2 has been selected as the basis for BAT limitations for
the following subcategories: lead-tin-bismuth forming, magnesium
forming, precious metals forming, titanium forming, and
zirconium-hafnium forming. Lime and settle treatment is
particularly effective for these subcategories. When it is
applied after flow reduction, the amount of toxic metal
pollutants remaining in the wastewater is not significant. The
application of filters after lime and settle treatment at lead-
tin-bismuth forming, magnesium forming, precious metals forming,
and zirconium-hafnium forming direct dischargers would remove
less than 2 kg/yr of additional toxic metal pollutants, at an
incremental cost of $233,790. The addition of filters to the
end-of-pipe treatment train for titanium forming direct
dischargers would result in the removal of an additional 18.5
kg/yr of toxic metals, at an incremental cost of $122,000. EPA
believes that these costs are not justified by the amount or
toxicity of the additional pollutants removed.
Option 1 has been selected as the basis for BAT limitations for
the metal powders subcategory. None of the direct dischargers in
this subcategory have any of the processes for which additional
flow reduction measures above those included in the Option 1
1764
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model technology were added at Option 2. Since the Agency cannot
show any incremental pollutant removal with the application of
additional flow reduction technologies to direct dischargers, the
BAT limitations are based on Option 1. Thus, BPT and BAT limita-
tions for the metal powders subcategory are equal.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
In each nonferrous metals forming subcategory, the raw wastewater
concentrations from individual operations and the subcategory as
a whole were examined to select those pollutant parameters found
at frequencies and concentrations warranting regulation. In
general, in each subcategory EPA has selected for regulation the
two or three priority metals present at the highest concentra-
tions in the raw waste, because in removing these two or three
priority metals, the lime and settle treatment system also
provides adequate removal of the priority and nonconventional
metal pollutants present at lower concentrations. By
establishing limitations for only two or three priority metal
pollutants instead of all priority metals present at treatable
concentrations, dischargers should attain the same degree of
control as they would have been required to achieve had all
priority metal pollutants been directly limited, with fewer
monitoring and recordkeeping requirements.
In each subcategory, the metal pollutant present in the highest
concentration is the metal being subjected to the forming
operations. In several subcategories the metal pollutant present
in the greatest amount is a priority pollutant (nickel in the
nickel-cobalt forming subcategory, for example). In other
subcategories, the metal pollutant present in greatest amount is
a nonconventional pollutant (titanium in the titanium forming
subcategory, for example). In general, EPA is not regulating
nonconventional metal pollutants, even when they are the metal
being formed. The Agency has concluded that regulation of just
the priority metal pollutants will in most cases ensure the
nonconventional metal pollutants are removed. Further,
establishing regulations for only the priority metal pollutants
allows plants greater flexibility in combining wastewater streams
for treatment which are covered by more than one category or
subcategory, because the pollutants controlled are more likely to
be the same. However, EPA is regulating one nonconventional
metal pollutant, molybdenum, in the refractory metals forming and
uranium forming subcategories. A lime and settle system alone
will not remove molybdenum adequately; it is necessary to add
iron to coprecipitate molybdenum. Molybdenum is present in
significant concentrations at refractory metals plants because it
is one of the refractory metals being formed. It is also present
in significant concentrations at uranium forming plants because
it is used as a major alloying agent in depleted uranium alloys.
As discussed in Section VII, maintaining the correct pH in the
treatment system is important to assure adequate removal of
priority metal pollutants. The Agency believes that by
maintaining the correct pH range for removal of the regulated
1765
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pollutants, removal of the other priority and nonconventional
metal pollutants not specifically regulated should be assured.
The Agency believes that the mechanism and the chemistry of
priority metals removal in a lime and settle system are the same
for all of the priority metals. This theoretical analysis is
supported empirically by performance data of lime and settle
systems collected by the Agency The theoretical background
metal priority pollutants removal as well as the performance have
been presented in Section VII.
The Agency is also regulating certain priority and nonconven-
tional pollutants which must be removed by preliminary treatment
prior to combined wastewater treatment by lime and settle.
Hexavalent chromium is present in the surface treatment baths and
rinses from some subcategories. Hexavalent chromium must be
reduced to the trivalent form prior to combined end-of-pipe
treatment, since only the trivalent form of chromium is removed
by lime and settle treatment Therefore) chromium is
specifically regulated in some subcategories because preliminary
chromium reduction is needed to ensure the removal of this
pollutant when it is present in the hexavalent form. Total
cyanide is regulated in subcategories where it is present at
treatable concentrations, preliminary cyanide precipitation is
needed to remove this pollutant from raw wastewater Ammonia is
regulated in subcategories where it was found at treatable
concentrations; preliminary ammonia steam stripping is needed to
remove the nonconventional pollutant ammonia.
Priority organic pollutants were found in two nonferrous metals
forming waste streams. N-nitrosodiphenylamine was found in a
significant amount in a sample of tube reducing lubricant. In
addition, methylene chloride and toluene were found in the
rinse which followed a solvent cleaning bath which contains
these compounds. The Agency is requiring zero discharge from
these wastewater streams. This requirement affects three
subcategories: nickel-cobalt, titanium, and zirconium-hafnium.
Tube reducing lubricants are currently hauled, rather than
discharged by the majority of plants that generate this waste.
Since they tend to be small in volume and highly concentrated,
the Agency has concluded this is the most practical disposal
alternative. These waste streams can be most economically
handled by intercepting each such waste stream before
mixing it with other process wastewaters and disposing of
it as a solid waste. Treatment of the wastes with
activated carbon after mixing . it with other process
wastewaters would be much more expensive. However, the
Agency has provided an alternative to contract hauling for
plants regulated by the nickel-cobalt forming or zirconium-
hafnium forming subcategories. The Agency has provided no
allowance for the discharge of process wastewater pollutants if
the following conditions are met. Once each year the facility
owner or operator, (1) demonstrates the absence of N-nitrosodi-n-
propylamine, N-nitroso-dimethylamine and N-nitrosodiphenylamine
by sampling and analyzing spent tube reducing lubricant; and (2)
1766
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certifies that the tube reducing lubricants do not contain amine
compounds, nitrates or nitrite.
Solvents are commonly used by nonferrous metals forming companies
to clean oils from the surface of the metal; these processes are
almost always dry. However, at one plant sampled after proposal,
the Agency observed and sampled an organic solvent cleaning
process that involves the generation of contaminated rinse. EPA
is establishing a zero discharge allowance for this waste
stream. Other plants perform the same process without generating
any wastewater, by using solvents which need not be followed by a
water rinse or by using cleaning agents other than solvents
(e.g., detergents). EPA has based the zero discharge requirement
on a process change which should achieve the same product quality
as a water rinse at very little .expense. Instead of operating a
solvent bath followed by a water rinse, .this plant can convert
the water rinse into a second solvent cleaning step, or eliminate
the use of solvents entirely Treatment of this wastewater with
activated carbon would be prohibitively expensive.
The Agency found 1,1,1-trichlproethane in small amounts in the
nickel-cobalt, refractory metals, zirconium-hafnium and metal
powders subcategories The Agency also found chlorodibromo-
methane, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate in
small amounts in zinc forming process wastewater. From the
available data, the Agency believes these pollutants are unique
to those sources and are not present as an integral part of the
nonferrous forming process. Therefore, EPA is not regulating
these pollutants. However, the permit writer should consider the
possible presence of priority organic pollutants in nonferrous
metals forming wastewater and, if found, should control them
under this regulation on the basis of best professional judgment
Regulation of priority metal pollutants does not ensure that
fluoride will be adequately removed from raw wastewater since
this pollutant precipitates from the lime and settle treatment
system as calcium fluoride. Control of the metal pollutants
requires the addition of an alkali to raise the pH and cause the
metals to precipitate as hydroxides. As stated in Section VII,
page xxxx, this alkali can be one of several agents. However,
to remove fluoride and metals in. the same treatment system, the
alkali most commonly used is lime because it also contributes
calcium that causes precipitation of fluoride. . When fluoride is
present at higher concentrations than metal pollutants, the
addition of excess calcium may be necessary to remove fluoride to
the treatment effectiveness concentration shown in Table VII-21
(page ). Therefore, fluoride is specifically regulated in
the six subcategories in which it was found at treatable concen-
trations.
1767
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The conventional pollutant parameters oil and grease, total
suspended solids, and pH are not regulated under BAT. These
pollutants parameters are regulated under the best conventional
technology (BCT) effluent limitations. As discussed in Section
XIII, the BCT effluent limitations guidelines will be developed
after EPA promulgates a final BCT methodology.
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
T^hle y-24 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the lead-tin-bismuth forming subcategory. All waste streams
which received a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance
under BAT. The regulatory flows for four waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures. The four flow reduced waste streams
are: extrusion press and solution heat treatment contact cooling
water, semi-continuous ingot casting contact cooling water, shot
forming wet air pollution control blowdown, and alkaline cleaning
rinse. Calculation of the BAT regulatory flows for these four
flow reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT regulatory
flows for all other waste streams in the subcategory are equal to
the BPT regulatory flow discussed in Section IX.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment
Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow for this stream
is 144 1/kkg (34.6 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is 90
percent reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle through a
cooling tower or holding tank. Holding tanks are used in place
of cooling towers for streams with low flow rates. Extrusion
press and solution heat treatment contact cooling water from
three operations in this subcategory is completely recycled with
no discharge while cooling water from a fourth operation is
recycled and periodically contract hauled. The recycle of heat
treatment contact cooling water is demonstrated in other
nonferrous metals forming subcategories and other point source
categories as well. Although the cooling water from three
operations in this subcategory was reported to be completely
recycled with no discharge or blowdown, the Agency believes a
periodic discharge or bleed stream may be needed to prevent the
build-up of dissolved solids in the recycle circuit.
Therefore, EPA has provided a discharge allowance equal to 10
percent of the BPT flow for this waste stream.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
Water. The BAT regulatory flow for this stream is 2.94 1/kkg
(0.70 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent
reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling
tower or holding tank. The recycle of casting contact cooling
water is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming category
as well as other point source categories.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown.
The BAT regulatory flow for this stream is 58.8 1/kkg (14.07
1768
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gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on recycle through a holding tank. The
recycle of wet air pollution control wastewater is demonstrated
in the nonferrous metals forming category as, well as other point
source categories. . ,
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for this stream is 236 1/kkg' (56.5 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of,the BPT flow, based
on the application of countercurrent cascade rinsing with sprays.
Although countercurrent cascade rinsing is not used in any of the
four alkaline cleaning rinse operations reported for this
subcategory this technology is demonstrated at other nonferrous
metals forming plants and in other point source categories as
well.
Regulated Pollutants , .
The pollutants considered fj.o.r regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an . explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants. selected for regulation under
BAT are antimony and lead. These two pollutants were the only
priority pollutants,, considered .for,, regulation in., this
subcategory. .. .. ^
Treatment Train , , ,.
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the lead-tin-
bismuth forming subcategory is lime and settle. This is the same
end-of-pipe technology as BPT, with the addition of measures to
reduce, the flows from selected waste ,streams. The. end-of-pipe
treatment configuration is shown ia. Figure X-2. The combination
of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the
removals of pollutants over" that, achieved by BPT and is
demonstrated and technically achievable.
Effluent Limitations • , , ;._, .
Table VI1-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to. the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the lead-tin-bismuth
forming subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum
and ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory
flows summarized in .Table X-24 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-25.
Benefits ' . .
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits, to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table" X-3,, the application of BAT
level treatment to the total lead-tih-bismuth forming subcategory
will remove approximately 6,520 kg/yr (14,345 Ibs/yr) . of
pollutants including 249 kg/yr (548 Ibs/yr) of priority
1769
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pollutants. As shown in ,table X-13, the application of BAT to
direct dischargers only will remove approximately 1,710
kg/yr (3,762 Ibs/yr) of pollutants including 49 kg/yr (108
Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants. Since there are only three
direct discharge plants in this subcategory, total subcategory
capital and annual costs and direct discharger capital and
annual costs will not be reported In this document in order
to protect confidentiality claims. The Agency has determined
that the BAT limitations are economically achievable.
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-26 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the magnesium forming subcategory, All waste streams which
received a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance under
BAT. The regulatory flows for three waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures The three flow reduced waste streams
are: forging contact cooling water, forging equipment cleaning
wastewater, and surface treatment rinse. Calculation of the BAT
regulatory flows for these three flow reduced streams is
discussed below. The BAT regulatory flows for all other waste
streams in the subcategory are equal to the BPT regulatory flows
discussed in Section IX.
Magnesium Forging Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow
for this stream is 289 1/kkg (69,3 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory
flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle
through a holding tank or cooling tower. Holding tanks are used
in place of cooling towers for streams with low flow rates. The
recycle of forging contact cooling water is demonstrated in one
operation in this subcategory where total recycle of the cooling
water with no discharge was reported. Contact cooling water
recycle is also demonstrated in other nonferrous forming
subcategories as well as other point, .source categories.
Although . total recycle with no discharge was reported for one
forging, operation in this subcategory, the Agency believes that
a periodic blowdown or bleed stream of cooling water .may be
necessary to prevent the build-up of dissolved .solids in the
recycle circuit. Therefore, EPA has provided a discharge
allowance equal to 10 percent of the BPT flow for this waste
stream.
Magnesium Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. The BAT
regulatory flow for this stream is 3.99 1/kkg(0.959 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow, based on recycle through a holding tank with provision
for removal of suspended solids, if necessary, by filtration,
gravity settling, or another suspended solids removal step. The
recycle of waste-water through holding tanks with suspended
solids removal if necessary is demonstrated in the
1770
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nonferrous metals forming category as well as other point
source categories. ..-...--.'-. »v;,, .-..
Magnesium Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow for
this"stream Ti~~l,890 1/kkg (452 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory
flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow, based on the
application of countercurrent cascade rinsing. This technology
is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming category and
other point source categories.
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The only priority pollutants considered for
regulate were total chromium and zinc. Total chromium and
zinc selected for regulation under BAT along with the
nonconventionals pollutants ammonia and fluoride. Although
effluent limitations guidelines and standards for magnesium
were proposed, no limitations for magnesium were
established in the final regulation. This is because
regulation of the priority metal pollutants chromium and zinc
should ensure that magnesium is removed. The technology
required for removal of chromium and zinc (lime and settle) will
also remove magnesium.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the magnesium
forming subcategory is lime and settle. This is the same end-of-
pipe technology as BPT, with the addition of measures to reduce
the flows from selected waste streams. The end-of-pipe treatment
configuration is shown in Figure X-2. The combination of in-
process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the removals
of pollutants over that achieved by BPT and is demonstrated and
technically feasible.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the magnesium forming
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and ten-
day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory flows
summarized in Table X-26 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-27. Although no
limitations have been established for magnesium, Table X-27
includes magnesium mass discharge limitations attainable using
the BAT model technology. These limitations are presented
for the guidance of permit writers. Only daily maximum
limitations are presented, based on the detection limit for
magnesium (0.10 mg/1), because lime and settle treatment _was
determined to remove magnesium to below the level of analytical
quantification. The attainable monthly average discharge .is
1771
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expected to be lower than the one-day maximum limitation, but
since it would be impossible to monitor for compliance with a
lower level , no monthly average has been presented. The
limitation table lists all the pollutants which were
considered for regulation. Those specifically regulated
are marked with an asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-4, the application of BAT
level treatment to the total magnesium forming subcategory will
remove approximately 34,100 kg/yr (75,020 Ibs/yr) of pollutants
including 16,900 kg/yr (37,180 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants.
?f0oo°W2 ^ Table X-1' the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $158,500 and $99,000 per
Zf^r\ r?sPectively. As shown in Table" X-14, the application of
BAT to direct dischargers only will remove approximately 29,035
kg/yr (63,880 Ibs/yr) of pollutants including 14,800 kq/vr
(32,560 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants. As shown in Table X-2,
the corresponding capital and annual costs (1982 dollars) for
this removal are $79,400 and $45,500, respectively. The Aqencv
has determined that the BAT limitations are economically
achievable. J
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-28 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the nickel-cobalt forming subcategory. All waste streams which
n!ŁeiVel, a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance under
BAT. The regulatory flows for eight waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures. The eight flow reduced waste streams
are: rolling contact cooling water, forging contact cooling
water, forging equipment cleaning wastewater, stationary casting
contact cooling water, surface treatment rinse, alkaline
cleaning rinse, molten salt rinse, and sawing or grinding
rinse. Calculation of the BAT regulatory flows for these eight
streams is discussed below. The BAT regulatory flows for all
other waste streams in the subcategory are equal to the BPT
regulatory flows discussed in Section IX.
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory
flow for this stream is 75.4 1/kkg (18.0 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 98 percent reduction of the BPT regulatory
flow, based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding tank!
Holding tanks are used in place of cooling towers for streams
with low flow rates. Ninety-eight percent recycle of rolling
contact cooling water is demonstrated in one rolling operation
from this subcategory. Total recycle of the contact coolin
his subcategory. Total recycle of the contact cooling
a u "° <^schar9e was reported for two other operations;
Although zero discharge was reported for two operations, the
1772
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Agency believes a periodic discharge or bleed stream may be
needed in order to prevent the build-up of dissolved solids in
the recycle circuit. Therefore, EPA has provided a discharge
allowance equal to 2 percent of the BPT allowance for this waste
stream.
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Contact Codling Water. The BAT regulatory
flow for forging contact cooling water is 24.5 1/kkg (5.89
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding
tank. Recycle of forging contact cooling water is demonstrated
by one plant in this subcategory where over 95 percent recycle is
achieved (although this plant reported discharging 53.5 1/kkg
(12.8 gal/ton)). Contact cooling water recycle is also
demonstrated at other nonferrous forming plants as well as in
other point source categories.
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Equipment'Cleaning Wastewater. The BAT
regulatory flow for this stream is -4.00 1/kkg (0.957 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow, based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if necessary, by gravity settling,
filtration, or another suspended solids removal step. Recycle
through holding tanks with suspended solids removal when
necessary is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming
category and other point source categories.
Nickel-Cobalt Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for this waste stream is 1,2101/kkg (290
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding
tank. Recycle of stationary casting contact cooling water is
demonstrated by one plant in this subcategory where total recycle
of the cooling water with no discharge was reported. Casting
contact cooling water recycle is also demonstrated at other
nonferrous metals forming plants and plants in other categories.
Although one plant in this subcategory reported total recycle
with no discharge, the Agency believes a periodic discharge or
bleed stream may be needed to prevent the build-up of dissolved
solids in the recycle loop. Therefore, EPA has provided a
discharge allowance equal to 10 percent of the BPT flow for this
waste stream.
Nickel-Cobalt Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
for surface treatment rinse is 2,360 1/kkg (565 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow, based on the application of countercurrent cascade
rinsing. Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated by one
plant in this subcategory and plants in other subcategories of
this category, as well as plants in other point source
categories. Another method for reducing or eliminating the
discharge from surface treatment rinses is to recycle the
effluent from wastewater treatment to the surface treatment
rinse operation. This practice was reported by one plant in
the nickel-cobalt forming subcategory. Reuse of surface
1773
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treatment rinse for molten salt rinsing was also reported
by one plant in this subcategory.
Nickel-Cobalt Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
fŁr" alkalinecleaning rinse is 233 1/kkg (55.8 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow, based on the application of countercurrent cascade
rinsing. Another method for reducing or eliminating the
discharge of alkaline cleaning rinse is to recycle wastewater
treatment effluent to the alkaline cleaning rinse operation.
This practice is demonstrated by one plant in the nickel-forming
subcategory.
Nickel-Cobalt Molten Salt Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow for
molten—IaTF~ rlHii is 844 1/kkg (202 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow, based
on the use of periodic batch discharge or decreased flow rate, as
demonstrated by three plants currently discharging at less than
the BAT regulatory flow.
Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
foT—this"—waste stream is 181 1/kkg (43.5 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow, based
on recycle through a holding tank with provision for removal of
fines, if necessary, by gravity settling, filtration or another
suspended solids removal step. Recycle through holding tanks
with provision for suspended solids removal when necessary is
demonstrated in this category as well as other point source
categories.
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT aie listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BAT are
total chromium, nickel, and fluoride. The priority metal
pollutants cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, listed in Section
VI, are not regulated under BAT. These pollutants are expected
to be adequately removed by achievement of the limitations for
chromium, nickel, and fluoride.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the
nickel-cobalt forming subcategory is lime settle and filter.
This adds filtration to the BPT end-of-pipe technology, and
in-process controls to reduce the flows from selected waste
streams. The end-of-pipe treatment configuration is shown in
Figure X-3. This combination of in-process control and end-
of-pipe technology increases the removals of pollutants over
that achieved by BPT and is demonstrated and technically
feasible.
1774
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Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents, the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and ten-
day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory flows
summarized in Table X-28 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-29. Although no
limitations have been.established for cadmium, copper, lead or
zinc, Table X-29 includes mass discharge limitations for these
pollutants which are attainable using the BAT model technology.
The limitation table lists all of the pollutants which were
considered for regulation. Those specifically regulated are
marked with an asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered' the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-5, the application of BAT
level treatment to the total nickel-cobalt forming, subcategory
will remove approximately 817,000 kg/yr (1,800,000 Ibs/yr) of
pollutants including 103,500 kg/yr (28,000 Ibs/yr) of priority
pollutants. As shown in Table X-l, the corresponding capital and
annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $4.115 million
and $2.401 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-
15, the application of BAT to direct dischargers only will remove
approximately' 34,800 kg/yr (76,600 Ibs/yr) of pollutants
including 10,950 kg/yr (24,100 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants.
As shown in Table X-2, the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $0.493 million and $0.242
million per year, respectively. The Agency has determined that
the BAT limitations are economically achievable.
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-30 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the precious metals forming subcategory. All waste streams which
received a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance under
BAT. The regulatory flows for eight waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures. The eight flow reduced waste streams
are: direct chill casting contact cooling water, shot casting
contact cooling water, semi-continuous and continuous casting
contact cooling water, heat treatment contact cooling water,
surface treatment rinse, alkaline cleaning rinse, alkaline
cleaning prebondihg wastewater, and tumbling or burnishing
wastewater. Calculation of BAT regulatory flows for these
eight flow reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT
regulatory flows for all other waste streams in the subcategory
are equal to the BPT regulatory flows discussed in Section IX. •
1775
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Precious Metals Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water. The
BAT regulatory flow for this waste stream is 1,080 1/kkg (259
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding
tank. Holding tanks are used in place of cooling towers for
streams with low flow rates. Recycle of direct chill casting
contact cooling water is demonstrated at one precious metals
forming plant where total recycle of the cooling water with no
discharge was reported. Casting contact cooling water recycle is
demonstrated at other nonferrous metals forming plants as well as
at plants in other point source categories. Although total
recycle with no discharge was reported by one precious metals
forming plant, the Agency believes a periodic discharge or bleed
stream may be needed to prevent the build-up of dissolved solids
in the recycle circuit. Therefore, EPA has provided a discharge
allowance equal to 10 percent of the BPT allowance for this waste
stream.
Precious Metals Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for shot casting contact cooling water is 367
1/kkg (88.0 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent
reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling
tower or holding tank. The recycle of casting contact cooling
water is thoroughly demonstrated in this category and other point
source categories.
Precious Metals Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow for this waste stream is
1,030 1/kkg(248 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90
percent reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle through a
cooling tower or holding tank. Recycle of semi-continuous and
continuous casting contact cooling water is demonstrated at two
plants in the precious metals forming subcategory where total
recycle with no discharge of cooling water was reported. Casting
contact cooling water recycle is also demonstrated at other
nonferrous forming plants and in other point source categories.
Although two plants in this subcategory reported total recycle
with no discharge of cooling water, EPA believes a periodic
blowdown or bleed stream may be needed to prevent the build-up of
dissolved solids in the recycle circuit. Therefore, EPA has
provided a discharge allowance equal to 10 percent "of the BPT
flow allowance for this waste stream.
Precious Metals Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for heat treatment contact cooling water is 417
1/kkg (100 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent
reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling
tower or holding tank. The recycle of contact cooling water is
demonstrated in several precious metals forming heat treatment
operations. In three operations, total recycle of the cooling
water with no discharge of cooling water was reported. Only
periodic discharges of contact cooling water were reported for
three other operations. Although total recycle of the cooling
water was reported for three heat treatment operations, the
1776
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Agency believes a periodic blowdown or bleed stream from the
recycle circuit may be necessary, to prevent the build-up of
dissolved solids. Therefore/ EPA has .provided a discharge
allowance equal to 10 percent of the BPT flow allowance for this
waste stream.
Precious Metals Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
for surface treatment rinse is 616 1/kkg (148 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow,
based on two-stage countercurrent cascade rinsing.
Countercurrent cascade rinsing was reported for two surface
treatment rinse operations in this subcategory; a. three-stage
countercurrent cascade rinse was utilized in one operation while
the other operation used a two-^stage countercurrent cascade
rinse. Although neither countercurrent cascade rinse operation
was achieving the BAT regulatory flow, the Agency believes that
these operations could achieve the BAT flow if better water use
practices such as a lower rinse application rate were used.
Three plants in the subcategory currently meet the BAT regulatory
flow for surface treatment rinse. ••..••
Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
for alkaline cleaning rinse is 1,120 1/kkg (268 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow, based on the application of two-stage countercurrent
cascade rinsing. Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated
in this category and other point source categories.
Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater. The BAT
regulatory flow for .this waste stream is 1,1-60 I/kkg (277
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on counter flow between stages or recycle of
one rinse stage in power scrublines. For small scale, "by-hand"
type operations, flow reduction is based on operation of spray or
free flowing rinses only during the actual rinsing operation.
The BAT regulatory flow is currently achieved by four of the
eight reported alkaline cleaning prebonding operations.
Precious Metals Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater. The BAT
regulatory flow for this waste stream-is 1,210 1/kkg (290
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow -is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on recycle .through a holding tank with
provision for suspended solids removal, .if needed, by gravity
settling, filtration or another suspended solids removal
step. Recycle of wastewater - through holding tanks with
provision for suspended solids removal when necessary is
demonstrated in this category'and other point source categories.
Regulated Pollutants . • .
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under
BAT are cadmium, copper, lead, silver, and total cyanide. The
priority metal pollutants total chromium, nickel, and zinc,
1777
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listed in Section VI, are not specifically regulated under
BAT. These pollutants are expected to be adequately removed by
achievement of the limitations for the regulated pollutants.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the precious
metals forming subcategory is lime and settle. This is the same
end-of-pipe technology as BPT, with the addition of measures to
reduce the flows from selected waste streams. The end-of-pipe
treatment configuration is shown in Figure X-2. This combination
of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the
removals of pollutants over that achieved by BPT and is
demonstrated and technically achievable.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the precious metals
forming subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum
and ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory
flows summarized in Table X-30 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-31. Although no
limitations have been established for chromium, nickel, or zinc,
Table X-31 includes mass discharge limitations for these
pollutants which are attainable using the BAT model
technology. These limitations are presented for the guidance
of permit writers. The limitation table lists all of the
pollutants which were considered for regulation. Those
specifically regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-6, the application of BAT
level treatment to the total precious metals forming subcategory
will remove approximately 15,300 kg/yr (33,700 Ibs/yr) of
pollutants including 213 kg/yr (470 Ibs/yr) of priority
pollutants. As shown in Table X-l, the corresponding capital and
annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $1.064 million
and $0.452 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table
X-16, the application of BAT to direct dischargers only will
remove approximately 3,570 kg/yr (7,860 Ibs/yr) of pollutants
including 42 kg/yr (93 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants. As shown
in Table X-2, the corresponding capital and annual costs (1982
dollars) for this removal are $0.315 million and $0.128
million per year, respectively. The Agency has determined that
the BAT limitations are economically achievable.
1778
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REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY \
Discharge Flows • : • •
Table X-32 lists- the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the refractory metals forming subcategory. All waste streams
receivi-ng a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance under
BAT. The regulatory flows for eight waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow.
reduction control measures. These eight waste streams are:
forging contact cooling water; surface treatment rinse;
alkaline cleaning rinse; molten salt rinse; _tumbling,
burnishing wastewater; sawing or grinding contact cooling water;
sawing or grinding rinse; and equipment cleaning wastewater.
Calculation of the BAT regulatory flows for these eight flow
reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT regulatory flows for
all other waste streams in the subcategory are equal to the BPT
regulatory flows discussed in Section IX.
Refractory Metals Forging Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for forging contact cooling water is 32.3 1/kkg
(7;75 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent
reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle through cooling
towers or holding tanks. Holding tanks are used in place of
cooling"towers for streams with low flow rates. The recycle
of contact cooling water is demonstrated in the nonferrous
metals forming category and other point source categories.
Refractory Metals Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for surface treatment rinse is 12,100 1/kkg (2,900 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow-, •' based on the application of two-stage countercurrent
cascade rinsing. Countercurrent cascade rinsing is performed
in two surface treatment rinse operations in this subcategory.
It is also demonstrated at other nonferrous forming plants and
plants in other categories.
Refractory -Metals Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for this stream is 8,160 1/kkg (1,960 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 99 percent reduction of the BPT flow,
based on the application of three-stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing. Three-stage countercurrent rinsing to achieve a 99
percent flow reduction is appropriate for this waste stream
because the magnitude of the existing flows for this waste stream
reported by plants in this subcategory were more than an order or
magnitude larger than flows for similar processes in other
subcategories and even for other rinse streams within this
subcategory; The BAT regulatory flow based on 99 percent
reduction of the BPT flow is within the range of flows
established for this process waste stream in other subcategories.
Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated in this
subcategory and other nonferrous metals forming subcategories
as well as other point source categories.
1779
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Refractory Metals Molten Salt Rinse, The BAT regulatory flow
for molten salt rinse is 633 1/kkg (152 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on the use of periodic batch discharge or decreased flow
rate, as demonstrated by three plants in the nickel-cobalt
forming subcategory and one plant in this subcategory.
Refractory Metals Tumbling or Burnishing
regulatory flow for this waste stream
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a
the BPT flow based on recycle through
provision for removal of fines, if
settling, filtration, or another suspended solids removal
Wastewater. The BAT
is 1,250 1/kkg (300
90 percent reduction of
a holding tank with
needed, by gravity
step.
Recycle with suspended solids removal when necessary is
demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming category and other
categories.
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling. Water- The
BAT regulatory flow for this waste stream is 2,430 T/kkg" (582
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow based on recycle through a holding tank with
provision for suspended solids removal, if needed, by
gravity settling, filtration, or another suspended solids
removal step. Sawing or grinding contact cooling water recycle
is practiced in four operations from this subcategory. Total
recycle of the cooling water with no discharge was reported
for three operations, while 80 percent recycle was reported
for the fourth operation. Although the production
normalized discharge flow from another operation where the
cooling water is only periodically discharged was over 10 times
lower than the BAT regulatory flow, the Agency believes a
periodic discharge or bleed stream is needed to prevent the
build-up of dissolved solids in the recycle circuit. Therefore,
EPA has provided a discharge allowance equal to 10 percent of the
BPT flow for this waste stream.
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for this waste stream is 13.5 1/kkg(3.25 gal/ton). The
BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if needed by gravity settling,
filtration, or another suspended solids removal step. As
previously discussed, this technology is demonstrated in this
category and other point source categories.
Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. The BAT regulatory flow for
equipment cleaning wastewater is 136 1/kkg (32.6 gal/ton). The
BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if needed by gravity settling,
filtration, or another suspended solids removal step. This
technology is demonstrated in this category and other categories.
1780
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Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under
BAT are copper, nickel, fluoride, and molybdenum. Although
effluent limitations guidelines and standards for columbium,
tantalum, tungsten, and vanadium were proposed, no limitations
for these pollutants were established in the final regulation.
This is because regulation of the priority metal pollutants
copper and nickel should ensure that columbium, tantalum,
tungsten, and vanadium are removed. The technology required
for removal of copper and nickel (lime and settle) will also
remove columbium, tantalum, tungsten, and vanadium. The
priority metal pollutants total chromium, lead, silver, and zinc,
listed in Section VI, are not specifically regulated under
BAT. These pollutants are expected to be adequately removed
by achievement of the limitations for the regulated pollutants.
Molybdenum is specifically regulated under BAT because it will
not be adequately removed by the -technology (lime and settle)
required for the removal of the regulated priority metal
pollutants, copper and nickel. The addition of iron to a
lime and settle system (iron coprecipitation) is necessary for
efficient removal of molybdenum.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the refractory
metals forming subcategory is lime, settle and filter. This adds
filtration to the BPT end-of-pipe technology, and in-process
controls measures to reduce the flows from selected waste
streams. The end-of-pipe treatment configuration is shown in
Figure X-3 and includes iron coprecipitation for molybdenum
removal. This combination of in-process control and end-of-pipe
technology increases the removals of pollutants over that
achieved by BPT and is demonstrated and technically feasible.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the refractory metals
forming subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum
and ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory
flows summarized in Table X-32 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of"product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-33. Although no
limitations have been established for columbium, tantalum,
tungsten, and vanadium, Table X-33 includes mass discharge
limitations for these pollutants which are attainable using the
BAT model technology. These limitations are presented for
the guidance of permit writers. Only daily maximum limitations
are presented for columbium, tantalum, and vanadium, based on
the detection limits of 0.12, 0.46, and 0.10 mg/1,
respectively. Lime and settle treatment was determined .to
1781
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remove these pollutants below their level of analytical
quantification. The attainable monthly average discharge is
expected to be lower than the one-day maximum limitation,
but since it would be impossible to monitor for compliance with
a lower level, no monthly average has been presented. The
limitation table lists all the pollutants which were considered
for regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked with an
asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-7, the application of BAT and
PSES to the total refractory metals forming subcategory will
remove approximately 198,100 kg/yr (435,800 Ibs/yr) of pollutants
including 326 kg/yr (717 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants. (As
discussed in Section XII, EPA has selected Option 2 as the basis
for PSES in this subcategory.) As shown in Table X-l, the
corresponding capital and annual costs (1982 dollars) for this
removal are $1.572 million and $0.657 million per year,
respectively. As shown in Table X-17, the application of BAT to
direct dischargers only will remove approximately 29,350 kg/yr
(64,570 Ibs/yr) of pollutants including 78 kg/yr (172 Ibs/yr) of
priority pollutants. As shown in Table X-2, the corresponding
capital and annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are
$0.135 million and $0.068 million per year, respectively.
The Agency has determined that the BAT limitations are
economically achievable.
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-34 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the titanium forming subcategory. All waste streams which
received an allowance under BPT also receive a BAT flow
allowance. The regulatory flows for seven waste streams have
been decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process
flow reduction control measures. The seven flow reduced waste
streams are: rolling contact cooling water; forging contact
cooling water; surface treatment rinse; alkaline cleaning
rinse-water; tumbling wastewater; sawing or grinding contact
cooling water; and wet air pollution control blowdown.
Calculation of the BAT regulatory flows for these seven flow
reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT regulatory flows
for all other waste streams in the subcategory are equal to the
BPT regulatory flows discussed in Section IX.
Titanium Rolling Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow
for rolling contact cooling water is 488 1/kkg (117 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank. This technology is
demonstrated at nonferrous metals forming plants and plants in
other point source categories.
1782
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Titanium Forging Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow
for forging contact cooling water is 99.9 1/kkg (24.0 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 95 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if necessary, by gravity settling,
filtration, or another suspended solids removal step. Ninety-
five percent recycle of forging contact cooling water is
demonstrated at one of the four plants in this subcategory
which discharge forging contact cooling water.
Titanium Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow for
surface treatment rinse is 2,920 1/kkg (700 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow based
on the application of two-stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing. . Countercurrent cascade rinsing is practiced at
nonferrous metals forming plants as well as plants in other
point source categories.
Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow for
alkaline cleaning rinse is 276 1/kkg (66.3 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow based
on the application of two-stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing. As previously discussed, countercurrent cascade rinsing
is a demonstrated technology.
Titanium Tumbling Wastewater. The BAT regulatory flow for
tumbling wastewater is 79 1/kkg (18.9 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
removal 'of suspended solids, if needed, by gravity settling,
filtration, or another suspended solids removal step. This
technology is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming
category and other point source categories.
Titanium Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for this stream is 476 1/kkg (114 gal/ton). The
BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if necessary. As previously discussed,
the recycle of wastewater through holding tanks with suspended
solids removal if necessary is a demonstrated technology.
Titanium Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown. The BAT regulatory
flow for wet air pollution control blowdown is 214 1/kkg (51.4
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow based on recycle through a holding tank. The
recycle of wet air pollution control water is demonstrated at
five plants in this subcategory which reported 90 percent recycle
or greater of the scrubber water.
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
1783
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considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BAT are
lead, zinc, total cyanide, ammonia, and fluoride. The priority
metals total chromium, copper, and nickel, listed in Section VI,
are not specifically regulated under BAT. Although effluent
limitations guidelines and standards for titanium were proposed,
no limitations for titanium were established in the final
regulation. This is because regulation of the priority metal
pollutants lead and zinc should ensure that titanium is removed.
The technology required for removal of lead and zinc (lime and
settle) will also remove titanium. These pollutants are
expected to be adequately removed by achievement of the
limitations for the regulated pollutants.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the titanium
forming subcategory is lime and settle. This" option uses the
same end-of-pipe technology as BPT, with the addition of measures
to reduce the flows from selected waste streams. The end-of-pipe
treatment configuration is shown in Figure X-2. The combination
of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the
removals of pollutants over that achieved by BPT and is
demonstrated and technically feasible.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the titanium forming
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and ten-
day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory flows
summarized in Table X-34 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results • of
these calculations are shown in Table X-35. Although no
limitations have been established for chromium, copper,
nickel, and titanium, Table X-35 includes chromium, copper,
nickel, and titanium mass discharge limitations attainable
using the BAT model technology. These limitations are
presented for the guidance of permit writers. The limitation
table lists all the pollutants which were considered for
regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked with an
asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-8, the application of BAT
level treatment to the total titanium forming subcategory will
remove approximately 393,000 kg/yr (864,600 Ibs/yr) of pollutants
including 644 kg/yr (1,417 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants. As
shown in Table X-l, the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $2.881 million and $2.540
million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-18, the
application of BAT to direct dischargers only will remove
1784
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approximately 136,500 kg/yr (300,300 Ibs/yr) of pollutants
including 259 kg/yr (570 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants. As
shown in Table X-2, the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $2.124 million and $2.192
million per year, respectively. The Agency has determined that
the BAT limitations are economically achievable.
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-36 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the uranium forming subcategory. All waste streams which
received a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance under
BAT. The regulatory flows for four waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures. The four flow reduced streams are-
extrusion tool contact cooling water; heat treatment contact
cooling water; sawing or grinding contact cooling water; and
laundry washwater. Calculation of-the BAT regulatory flows for
these four flow reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT
regulatory flows for all other waste streams in the subcategory
are equal to the BPT regulatory flows discussed in Section IX.
Uranium Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory
flow for extrusion tool contact cooling water is 34.4 1/kkg (8 25
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction 'of
the BPT flow based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding
tank. Holding tanks are used in place of cooling towers for
streams with low flow rates. The recycle of contact cooling
water streams is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming
category as well as other point source categories.
Uranium Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory
flow for heat treatment contact cooling water is 31.3 1/kkg (7.52
gal/ton). The BAT allowance is based on the average production
normalized discharge flow from three operations in which the
cooling water is only periodically discharged. This incorporates
flow reduction by basing the BAT regulatory flow on only those
plants that are currently recycling this process waste stream.
Uranium Sawing or_ Grinding Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for this stream is 165 1/kkg (39.5 gal/ton). The
BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding tank. As
previously discussed, the recycle of contact cooling water is a
demonstrated technology.
Uranium Laundry Washwater. The BAT regulatory flow for laundry
washwater is 26.2 I/employee-day. The BAT regulatory flow is a
50 percent reduction of the BPT flow based on recycle through a
holding tank.
1785
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Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. Although effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for uranium and radium were proposed, no limitations
for uranium or radium were established in the final regulation.
This is because regulation of the priority metal pollutants
cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and nickel will ensure that
uranium is removed and radium was not present in significant
concentrations. The technology required for removal of cadmium,
chromium, copper, lead and nickel (lime and settle) will
also remove uranium. The pollutants selected for regulation
under BAT are cadmium, total chromium, copper, lead, nickel,
molybdenum, and fluoride. The priority metal zinc, listed in
Section VI, is not regulated under BAT. This pollutant is
expected to be adequately removed by achievement of the
limitations for the regulated pollutants.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the uranium
forming subcategory is lime settle and filter. This option adds
filtration to the BPT end-of-pipe technology, and measures to
reduce the flows from selected waste streams. The end-of-pipe
treatment configuration is shown in Figure X-3. This combination
of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the
removals of pollutants over that achieved by BPT and is
demonstrated and technically achievable.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the uranium forming
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and ten-
day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory flows
summarized in Table X-36 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-37. Although no
limitations have been established for uranium and zinc, Table
X-37 includes uranium and zinc mass discharge limitations
attainable using the BAT model technology. These limitations
are presented for the guidance of permit writers. The
limitation table lists all the pollutants which were considered
for regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked with an
asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-9, the application of BAT to
the uranium forming subcategory (which consists entirely of
direct dischargers) will remove approximately 23,650 kg/yr
1786
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(52,140 Ibs/yr) of pollutants including 59.45 kg/yr (131.1
Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants. Specific costs for the . uranium
forming subcategory are not included in this document in order to
protect confidentiality claims. The Agency has determined t'hat
the BAT limitations for the uranium forming subcategory are
economically achievable.
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-38 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the zinc forming subcategory. All waste streams receiving a BPT
flow allowance also receive an allowance under BAT. The
regulatory flows for five waste streams have been decreased
at BAT based on the application of in-process flow reduction
control measures. The five flow reduced waste streams are:
rolling contact cooling water, direct chill casting contact
cooling water, annealing heat treatment contact cooling water,
surface treatment rinse, and electrocoating rinse. Calculation
of the BAT regulatory flows for these five flow reduced waste
streams is discussed below. The BAT regulatory flows for all
other waste streams in the subcategory are equal to the BPT
regulatory flows discussed in Section X.
Zinc Rolling Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow for
rolling contact cooling water is 53.6 1/kkg (12.9 gal/ton). The
BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding tank.
Holding tanks are used in place of cooling towers for streams
with low flow rates. The recycle of contact cooling water is
demonstrated in this category as well as other point source
categories.
Zinc Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for direct chill casting contact cooling water
is 50.5 1/kkg (12.1 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90
percent reduction of the BPT flow based on recycle through a
cooling tower or holding tank. The recycle of direct chill
casting contact cooling water is demonstrated by one plant
in this subcategory where total recycle of the cooling water
with no discharge was reported'. Although zero discharge was
reported by one plant, the Agency believes a periodic
blowdown or bleed stream of cooling water may be needed to
prevent the build-up of'dissolved solids in the recycle
circuit. Therefore, EPA has provided a discharge allowance
equal to 10 percent of the BPT allowance for this waste stream.
Zinc Annealing Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for this waste stream is 76.3 1/kkg (18.3
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding
tank. As previously discussed, the recycle of contact cooling
water is a demonstrated technology.
1787
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Zinc Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow for
surface treatment rinse is 358 1/kkg (85.8 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on the application of two-stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing. Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated at one
plant in this subcategory, at other plants in this category, and
other point source categories.
Zinc Electrocoating Rinse.
electrocoating rinse
The BAT regulatory
is 229 1/kkg (55 gal/ton)".
flow for
, _ , . The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow based
on the application of two-stage countercurrent cascade rinsing.
Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated at one plant in
this subcategory.
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BAT are
total chromium, copper, zinc, and total cyanide. The priority
metal nickel, which was selected for consideration for
regulation in Section VI, is not specifically regulated under
BAT, because it is expected to be adequately removed by
achievement of the limitations for the regulated
pollutants. The conventional pollutant parameters oil and
grease, total suspended solids, and pH are not regulated under
BAT, but will be considered under BCT.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the zinc
forming subcategory is lime, settle and filter. This adds
filtration to the BPT end-of-pipe technology, and in-process
controls to reduce the flows from selected waste streams. The
end-of-pipe treatment configuration is shown in Figure X-3. This
combination of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology
increases the removals of pollutants over that achieved by BPT
and is demonstrated and technically feasible.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the zinc forming
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and
ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT
regulatory flows summarized in Table X-38 to calculate the
mass of pollutant allowed to be discharged per mass of
product. The results of these calculations are shown in Table
X-39. Although no limitations have been established for nickel,
Table X-39 includes mass discharge limitations for this pollutant
attainable using the BAT model technology. These limitations
are presented for the guidance of permit writers. The
1788
-------
limitation table lists all of the pollutants which were
considered for regulation, with those specifically regulated
marked with an asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-10, the application of BAT to
the total zinc forming subcategory will remove approximately
309,800 kg/yr (681,560 Ibs/yr) of pollutants including 262,300
kg/yr (577,060 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants. As shown in Table
X-20, the application of BAT to direct dischargers only will
remove approximately 308,800 kg/yr (679,360 Ibs/yr) of pollutants
including 262,230 kg/yr (576,900 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants.
Since there is only one direct discharge plant in the zinc
forming subcategory, total subcategory capital and annual costs
and direct discharger capital and annual costs will not be
reported in this document in order to protect confidentiality
claims. The Agency has determined that the BAT limitations
are economically achievable.
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-40 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory. All waste streams
receiving a flow allowance for BPT also receive an allowance
under BAT. The regulatory flows for five waste streams have
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures. The five flow reduced waste streams
are: heat treatment contact cooling water; surface treatment
rinse; alkaline cleaning rinse; molten salt rinse; and sawing
or grinding rinse. Calculation of the BAT regulatory flows
for these five flow reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT
regulatory flows for all other waste streams in the subcategory
are equal to the BPT regulatory flows discussed in Section IX.
Zirconium-Hafnium Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for heat treatment contact cooling water is 34.3
1/kkg (8.22 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent
reduction of the BPT flow based on recycle through a cooling
tower or holding tank. Contact cooling water recycle is a
demonstrated technology and is demonstrated in the nonferrous
metals forming category as well as other point source categories.
Zirconium-Hafnium Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for surface treatment rinse is 888 1/kkg (213 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow based on two-stage countercurrent cascade rinsing.
Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated in the nonferrous
metals forming category as well as other point source categories.
1789
-------
Zirconium-Hafnium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for alkaline cleaning rinse is 3,140 1/kkg (753 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow based on the application of two-stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing. Countercurrent cascade rinsing is a demonstrated
technology, as described above.
Zirconium-Hafnium Molten Salt Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
for molten salt rinse is 756 1/kkg (181 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on use of periodic batch discharge or decreased flow rate,
as demonstrated by one plant in this subcategory, three plants in
the nickel-cobalt forming subcategory and one plant in the
refractory metals forming subcategory.
Zirconium-Hafnium Sawing or Grinding Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for this waste stream is 180 1/kkg (43.1 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if needed, by gravity settling,
filtration, or another solids removal process. Recycle of
waste streams through holding tanks with suspended solids
removal when necessary is a demonstrated technology.
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BAT are
total chromium, nickel, total cyanide, and fluoride. Although
effluent limitations guidelines and standards for zirconium and
hafnium were proposed, no limitations for these pollutants were
established in the final regulation. This is because
regulation of the priority metal pollutants chromium and nickel
should ensure that zirconium and hafnium are removed. The
technology required for removal of chromium and nickel (lime and
settle) will also remove zirconium and hafnium. The priority
metals copper, lead, and zinc, listed in Section VI, are not
regulated under BAT. These pollutants are expected to be
adequately removed by achievement of the limitations for the
regulated pollutants.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the zirconium-
hafnium subcategory is lime and settle. This uses the same end-
of-pipe technology as BPT, with the addition of measures to
reduce the flows from selected waste streams. The end-of-pipe
treatment configuration is shown in Figure X-2. The combination
of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the
removals of pollutants over that achieved by BPT and is
demonstrated and technically feasible.
1790
-------
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the zirconium-hafnium
forming subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum
and ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory
flows summarized in Table X-40 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table x-41. Although no
limitations have been established for copper, lead, zinc
zirconium, and hafnium, Table X-41 includes zirconium and
hafnium mass discharge limitations attainable using the BAT
model technology. These limitations are presented for the
guidance of permit writers. The limitation table lists all
the pollutants which were considered for regulation. Those
specifically regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-ll, the application of BAT to
the total zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory ' will remove
approximately 20,200 kg/yr (44,440 Ibs/yr ) of pollutants
including 646 kg/yr (1,421 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants. As
shown in Table X-l, the corresponding capital and annual
(*982 dollars) for this removal are $0.579 million and
*n .
$0.404 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-21
the application of BAT to direct dischargers only will
remove approximately 19,100 kg/yr (42,020 Ibs/yr) of
pollutants including 645 kg/yr (1,419 Ibs/yr) of priority
pollutants. As shown in Table X-2, the corresponding capital
and annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $0.568
million and $0.400 million per year, respectively. The Agency
has determined that the BAT limitations are economically
achievable. *
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-42 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the. metal powders subcategory. The BAT regulatory flows for all
waste streams are equal to the regulatory flows established at
BPT because the technology option selected as the basis for BAT
does not include flow reduction above that which was included at
BPT as described in Section IX. Calculation of these flows is
discussed in Section IX. None of the direct discharge plants in
this subcategory have any of the waste streams for which further
flow reduction is applicable.
1791
-------
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they have been
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BAT are
copper, lead, and total cyanide. Although effluent limitations
guidelines and standards for iron and aluminum were proposed, no
limitations for these pollutants were established in the final
regulation. Regulation of the priority metal pollutants copper
and lead will ensure that iron and aluminum are removed. The
technology required for removal of copper and lead (lime and
settle) will also remove iron and aluminum. The priority metals
total chromium, nickel, and zinc, listed in Section VI, are not
regulated under BAT. These pollutants are expected to be
adequately removed by achievement of the limitations for the
regulated pollutants. The conventional pollutant parameters oil
and grease, total suspended solids, and pH are not regulated
under BAT, but will be considered under BCT.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the metal
powder subcategory is lime and settle. This consists of
preliminary treatment, where necessary, followed by combined
wastewater treatment consisting of oil skimming and lime and
settle. Since this is also the basis for the BPT limitations,
the BPT and BAT limitations for the metal powders subcategory are
identical.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the metal powders
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and
ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT
regulatory flows summarized in Table X-42 to calculate the
mass of pollutant allowed to be discharged per mass of
product. The results of these calculations are shown in Table
X-43. Although no limitations have been established for
chromium, nickel, zinc, iron and aluminum, Table X-43
includes mass discharge limitations for these pollutants
attainable using the BAT model technology. These limitations
are presented for the guidance of permit writers. The
limitation table lists all the pollutants which were considered
for regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked with an
asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-12, the application of BAT to
the total metal powders subcategory will remove approximately
57,570 kg/yr (126,655 Ibs/yr) of pollutants including 1,085 kg/yr
1792
-------
(2,390 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants. As shown in Table X-22,
the application of BAT to direct dischargers only will remove
approximately 4,105 kg/yr (9,030 Ibs/yr) of pollutants including
128 kg/yr (282 Ibs/yr) of priority pollutants. Since there are
only three direct discharge plants in the metal powders
subcategory, total subcategory capital and annual costs and
direct discharger capital and annual costs will not be reported
in this document in order to protect confidentiality claims.
The Agency has determined that the BAT limitations are
economically achievable.
1793
-------
Table X-l
CAPITAL AND ANNUAL COST ESTIMATES FOR BAT (PSES) OPTIONS
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY ($ 1982)
Subcategory Option 1
Lead-Tin-Bismuth
Capital C
Annual C
Magnesium Forming
Capital C
Annual C
Option 2* Option 3**
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Capital
Annual
C
C
C
C
3,341,800 3,792,800
2,077,000 2,228,900
Precious Metals Forming
Capital ' 1,012,700 1,063,600
Annual 413,900 451,600
Refractory Metals Forming
Capital 1,117,100 1,560,400
Annual 581,700 649,900
Titanium Forming
Capital 2,878,600 2,881,400
Annual 2,570,700 2,540,200
Uranium Forming
Capital C C
Annual C C
Zinc Forming
Capital C C
Annual C C
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Capital 366,500 579,000
Annual 330,100 404,400
Metal Powders
Capital C C
Annual C C
*Total cost to install Option 2 technology.
**Total cost to install Option 3 technology.
C - Confidential.
C
C
C
C
4,115,300
2,401,000
1,175,300
523,700
1,670,400
764,900
3,146,500
2,694,500
C
C
C
C
697,000
464,800
C
C
1794
-------
Table X-2
CAPITAL AND ANNUAL COST ESTIMATES FOR BAT OPTIONS
DIRECT DISCHARGERS ($ 1982)
Subcategory Option 1 Option 2*
Lead-Tin-Bismuth
Capital C
Annual C
Magnesium Forming
Capital 148,200
Annual ..95,700
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Capital 392,200
Annual 185,700
Precious Metals Forming
Capital 226,100
Annual 98,000
Refractory Metals Forming
Capital 87,000
Annual 44,300
Titanium Forming
Capital 2,237,900
Annual 2,261,300
Uranium Forming
Capital C C
Annual C c
Zinc Forming
Capital C C
Annual C C
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Capital 359,400 567,700
Annual 327,300 400,400
Metal Powders
Capital C C
Annual C C
*Total cost to install Option 2 technology.
**Total cost to install Option 3 technology.
C - Confidential.
c
C
79,400
45,500
465,600
225,200
314,600
127,900
123,500
60,800
2,124,500
2,191,800
Option 3**
C
C
84,800
48,200
493,400
242,300
351,600
150,800
135,000
67,700
2,335,100
2,312,700
C
C
C
C
685,000
460,400
C
C
1795
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CO
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a
oo — cooToot-oco
oocncnto — CNOCQOO
oocn — r- — toiof-
CM CO CM
f^ocNcnmcNcnocnocN
oocDcocnot^ooocn
OOOOT — CMOOOCM
OOCOI^OOCNOOCOOeO
ooinr- — r^ootor^
oocn — inooocooin
CM CO CM
r-ooini^coooi-ocn
OOOOCOtOOCMO —
oo — — r» — f- o — o sr
OOCOOCDOOOOOO
oo — otoooooo
o o — ooooooooo
CM CM •
Is- o o — cn in o o tn o in
o o E E E
C 0 E 3 3 3
0 ••- 3 ••- t- — T- L. -r-
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•*~Q)EC)Q.'O.^(D>'~O
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c c. (0 z. o co "- co ••- r --
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en
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en
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co
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en
f
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co cn
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a
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OOCNCMO — OOOCM
oo — coinocooocM
— o
CO
OO — CO — CO — OOCO
oor^-inaoeocnooco
°°°Ł8g?gg?
OO — t«- CO O CD O O —
— en
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OOO — 00 — COOOT
o§§g§§8§§§
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in
OOlrtCO — OCOOOO
OOO1I^O)W>EOQ.TJje>— O
Mc-tjc-aiau— me
< CO U'U U _l z 00 t- N
o
in
CO
CO
o
CM
en
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0
in
o
CM
CO
Ł
CO
CO
CO
CO
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in
CO
CO
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en
CM
CM
in
CO
to
j
<
i_
LU
^
CJ
^
g
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o o
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CO
CO
CO CO
O CM
O O)
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O 0
o in
0 0
CM
CO
CO *T
O h-
O CO
CO
O CO
O CO
O T
in
CO —
o en
o en
en
CM
co 0
O 1-
coor^cMooocor^
CMOCMcntOOOCOO
— f *t CM CM
f^ 03 M- m •—
IP 'O
CM
eocMocoinooc~o
COCMOCOCDOOCO--
CO — CM •—
CO
coocococooococn
en T T CM CM
co oo ^r in —
in co
CM
»—
ocMCMcoinoooin
OCMCDCO — OOI~-in
ocMococnooco —
in — CM CM
CO
— oocn — oo^rcn
cooococooocMcn
T — CD *T r-
— CM CO
— in
CM
—
incMcocM — oocMin
CMCNCOCMOOOCnO
en — in en en T
to o - co
in
COCMCO — — OOCD^-
incMcoencooo — o
inCMCOCMCMOOinCM
^ — r*» in ^r CM
CO to
CM
in
CD
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CD
E
>»
E o> 3 in o E
3 CO TJ -r- CO *" D
•r c — i- a> a a c
Eoiaoccoit-co
<
z
o
CJ
o
z
TOTAL
co en
— CO
to in
CM in
O CM
<7
CO
*r co
00 O
in in
o en
co to
co in
— in
CO CM
CO
CO
CO CO
CO CM
r~- o
CD in
CM —
CO CO
en o
in o
00
0
CO
in
t o
CM en
co in
en o
en *
f~
f~ CM
— en
CO
O
in
CD
a>
L
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c
ca
to —
H O
CO
CO
CO
CM
•T
CD
r-.
CM
CO
o
CM
CD
en
r*
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^>
CO
o
CO
in
en
in
00
0
to
in
0
CJ
o
(-
in
in
CO
P-
CM
00
en
CO
CO
r:
CM
to
in
en
T
CM
o
CO
en
en
CM
CO
CO
00
CO
CM
CO
oo
0
o
to
in
CO
en
r^
en
CO
CO
en
to
t-
2
<
1-
_J
O
a
TOTAL
1800
-------
l_
>,
V)
lu
t-
u,
uj
z >
uj a:
to o
O
z iu
01- >
n < a:
I- oo
u CD o
oo r> 3 uj
F
x
cr o u
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O<
Z I-
cc
o
in
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<
UJ
E
O
a:
cc
UJ
o
z
CO
T3
C CD
O >
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d O
o cc
13
CO CO
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a
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i- O
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oor
TJ
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c L.
o ia
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O •!-
a
13
C 0)
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a. a>
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T>
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CJ>
c t.
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CO
r— HJ
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*• 2
O
1— X
10
a:
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c
(0
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3
O
a.
§oScMM§§?
oooocMvooin
CM — CM
"3" CM
CM p p — — p r- co
CMP — CMCMCnPI^
— in — co
opcoptopo —
ppinoh-ppco
CM O 0
•3- CM
rMPlOPI-P(-.|^
CMpcoincncnpco
— in — in
OOOO1OOCO
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in T
CM
PCM- OCD'iTP*—
cMoomcMcnoT
•3- in i- —
i- CM
o CM «— p •— ^° o in
CM O O LO 1** O) O CM
<3~ in CM to
^- CM
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_i
i-
HI
;Ł
CJ
X
O
t-
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<
1-
o
1-
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0 0
CO
r» in
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CM
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O CO
O CO
CO
r~- • to
r^ co
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in
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o
CO
r^ in
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en
f^ CM
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en
10
0
X
0
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to &—
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CJ H
OOOr^CM^tl^OCOOlO
o o in co ^T co en
co CM en o r^ *f in
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— CD in •-
•-ocninocoocooco
o^-inoin»— ooo*-
^t "^ 'T ^ in CM in
CM ^f CO •- —
CO CM
oo — coinooocoocM
COOCMCM<3-COOOOr~
oo^srcoinocooen
co o in t co i^ —
to CM en o co ^t in
o in o co CM
•- CD in t-
f^of^incooocooo
incMoin — toocxioco
f *~
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COCMCB'-OCOOCOOin
CO — — 1- O CD O t^ O <»
CM ^ CO in CO CM CO
CO CO O —
*— CM
f^OOOCOCOCOOCMOCM
COCMCMCOCO'TOCOOCO
CM — cM-a-
CO
CO
eo
!-•
to
_j
z
o
11
h-
z
UJ
>
z
p
CJ
_j
<
0
CO
en
t-
00
en
CO
r-.
r^
r-
in
in
CO
"
o
CO
CM
O
CO
en
CO
p
en
en
p
p
CM
co
CD
O
in
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en
in
en
CO
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CO
o
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CO
T
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1-
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<
t-
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a.
^ i
<
i-
p
i-
1801
------- An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.
-------
Table X-10
,\ONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY
CO
o
00
Pollutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryl 1ium
Cadmiurn
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
Aluminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Tin-
Ti tanium
Vanadium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oi 1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Raw Waste
0.18
0.01
0.00
0.00
3.704.82
21 1 ,750.02
0. 17
245.57
6.275.87
221 ,976.64
40,371 .66
262,348.30
152.79
73.15
0.74
23,594.08
122.96
1 , 104. 16
0.01
0.41
0.46
0.03
0.00
25,048.79
•19,916.02
4,937.46
24,853.48
312,250.57
Option 1
Discharged
0.18
0.01
0.00
0.00
6. 19
41 .79
0.17
57.91
25.73
131 .98
5.48
137.46
152.79
73. 15
0.31
1 ,860.96
32.08
7.82
0.01
0.41
0.46
0.03
0.00
2, 128.02
939.04
782.55
1 ,721 .59
3,987.07
Option 1
Removed
0.00
0.00
• 0.00
3,
21 1 ,
6,
221 ,
40.
262,
21 ,
1 ,
22,
18,
4,
23,
308,
0.00
698.63
708.23
0.00
187.66
250. 14
844.66
366. 18
210.84
0.00
0.00
0.43
733.12
90.88
096.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
920.77
976.98
154.91
131 .89
263.50
Option 2
Discharged
0.18
0.01
0.00
0
4
30
0
40
18
94
3
97
1 19
73
0
1 ,580
22
5
0
0
0
0
0
1 ,801
656
547
1 ,203
3, 102
.00
.56
.55
.17
.48
.05
.00
.82
.82
.34
.15
. 10
. 10
.43
.47
.01
.41
.46
.03
.00
.50
.43 .
.01
.44
.76
Option 2
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
21 1
6
221
40
262
22
1
23
19
4
23
309
0.00
,700.26
,719.47
0.00
205.09
,257.82
,882.64
,367.84
,250.48
33.45
. 0.00
0.64
,013.98
100.53
,098.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
,247.29
,259.59
,390.45
,650.04
, 147.81
Option 3
Discharged
0. 18
0.01
0.00
0
3
20
0
12
12
49
2
51
79
73
0
1 ,580
15
3
0
0
0
0
0
1 ,753
142
547
689
2,494
.00
.82
.55
. 17
.03
.58
.34
.57
.91
.86
.15
.07
. 10
.32
.67
.01
.41
.46
.03
.00
.08
.26
.01
.27
.25
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
21 1
6
221
40
262
22
1
23
19
4
24
309
0.00
,701 .00
,729.47
0.00
233.54
,263.29
,927.30
,369.09
,296.39
72.93
0.00
0.67
,013.98
107.64
,100.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
,295.71
,773.76
,390.45
,164.21
,756.31
-------
1 1
MM*!.' r ."•>'.!N,, f'tVLUTANf HliDUC I '. "in Sfc[
-------
Table X-12
NONFERR'OUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORV
TOTAL SUBCATEGORV
00
O
Pollutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Si 1ver
Thai Hum . -
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
A 1uminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Tin
Ti tani urn
Vanadium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oi 1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Raw Waste
0
0
0
2
932
183
44
0
0
74
1 ,238
3
1 ,242
445
16
0
41
1 ,980
79
0
87
34
0
2,686
40,568
15,867
56,436
60,365
.42
.68
.00
. 10
.80
.80
.57
.00
.00-
.59
.96
. 13
.09
.40
.89
.01
.91
.07
.58
.64
.56
.39
.36
.80
.98
.35
.33
.22
Option 1
Discharged
0.
0.
0.
2.
60.
12.
44.
0.
0.
34.
154.
3.
157-
232.
16.
0.
41 .
42.
10.
0.
87.
20.
0.
453.
1 ,245.
935.
2, 180.
2,792.
42
68
00
10
20
45
57
00
00
25
67
13
80
49
89
01
91
55
38
64
56
76
36
54
46
27
72
06
Option 1
Removed
0.
0.
0.
0.
872.
171.
0.
0.
0.
40.
1 ,084.
0.
1 ,084.
212.
0.
0.
0.
1 ,937.
69.
0.
0.
13.
0.
2,233.
39.323.
14,932.
54,255.
57,573.
00
00
00
00
61
35
00
00
00
34
29
00
29
92
00
00
00
51
20
00
00
63
00
26
52
09
61
17
Option 2
Discharged
0
0
0
2
22
4
25
0
0
12
68
1
69
85
16
0
41
15
3
0
39
7
0
21 1
495
280
739
T.021
.42
.68
.00
. 10
.20
.59
.40
.00
.00
.63
.02
.96
.98
.72
.89
.01
.91
.69
.83
.64
. 10
.65
.36
.81
.24
.08
.32
. 10
Option 2
Removed
0.
0.
0.
0.
910.
179.
19.
0.
0.
61 .
1 , 170.
1 .
1 , 172.
359.
0.
0.
0.
1 ,964.
75.
0.
48.
26.
0.
2.475.
40, 109.
15.587.
55,697.
59.344.
00
00
00
00
61
21
17
00
00
96
94
17
1 1
68
00
00
00
38
75
00
46
73
00
00
74
27
02
12
Option 3
Discharged
0
0
0
2
14
3
8
0
0
8
38
1
39
57
16
0
41
10
2
0
27
4
0
162
99
280
379
581
.42
.68
.00
. 10
.93
.06
.42
.00
.00
.80
.40
.32
.72
.02
.89
.01
.91
.72
.56
.64
. 17
.98
.36
.25
.50
.08
.58
.56
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
917.88
180.74
36. 15
0.00
0.00
65.79
1 ,200.56
1.81
1 ,202.37
388.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
1 ,969.35
77.02
0.00
69.39
29.41
0.00
2,524.55
40,469.48
15,587.27
56,056.75
59,783.67
-------
Table X-13
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
00
O
Pollutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryl 11um
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
Aluminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Tin
Titanium
Vanadium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
011 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Raw Waste
2.50
0.06
0.00
0.01
13.19
0.08
35.80
0.05
0.06
51 .75
0.23
51 .98
0.01
0.47
17.85
1.70
1 .58'
96.99
0.64
0.03
4.03
0.24
0.27
123.81
1 ,531 . 12
63.91
1 .595.03
1 ,770.82
Option 1
Discharged
2
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
6
0
7
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
4
0
0
1 1
238
63
302
321
.50
.06
.00
.01
.67
.08
.39
.05
.06
.83
.23
.06
.01
.47
.00
.70
.58
.99
.64
.03
.03
.24
.27
.96
.94
.91
.84
.86
Option 1
Removed
0
0
0
0
1 1
0
33
0
0
44
0
44
0
0
16
0
0
95
0
0
0
0
0
1 1 1
1 ,292
0
i ,292
1 ,448
.00
.00
.00
.00
.52
.00
.41
.00
.00
.93
.00
.93
.00
.00
.85
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.85
. 18
.00
.18
.96
Option 2
Discharged
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
7
29
24
53
63
.71
.06
.00
.01
.21
.08
.29
.05
.06
.47
.23
.70
.01
.47
. 12
.70
.00
.24
.39
.03
.62
.24
.27
. 10
.34
.45
.78
.58
Option 2
Removed
0
0
0
0
12
0
35
0
0
49
0
49
0
0
17
0
0
96
0
0
1
0
0
1 16
1 ,501
39
1 ,541
1 ,707
.79
.00
.00
.00
.98
.00
.51
.00
.00
.28
.00
.28
.00
.00
.73
.00
.58
.74
.25
.00
.42
.00
.00
.71
.79
.46
.25
.24
Option 3
Discharged
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
2.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
5.
6.
24.
30.
38.
15
06
00
01
17
08
20
05
06
78
23
01
01
47
08
70
68
16
34
03
74
24
27
73
36
45
80
54
Option 3
Removed
1.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.02
0.00
35.60
0.00
0.00
49.97
0.00
49.97
0.00
0.00
17.77
0.00
0.89
96.82
0.30
0.00
2.30
0.00
0.00
1 18.08
1 ,524.77
39.46
1 ,564.23
1 ,732.28
-------
Table X-14
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
00
O
Pollutant
Ant imony
Arsenic
Beryl 1ium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
SiIver
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
A 1umi num
Ammoni a
Cobalt
Fluoride
I ron
Magnesium
Manganese
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oi1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Raw Waste
14
14
14
27
0.02
0.00
0. 18
0.00
,675.69
0.00
1 .20
0.00
0.04
1 19.55
,796.67
0.10
,796.77
81 .66
410.75
1 .29
61 .99
4.44
,560.00
2.59
Opt i on 1
Discharged
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
5
8
0
8
39
410
0
61
4
1
2
.02
.00
. 18
.00
.48
.00
.20
.00
.04
.81
.72
. 10
.82
.42
.75
.88
.99
.44
.76
.59
Option 1
Removed
0
0
0
0
14,674
0
0
.0
0
113
14,787
0
14,787
42
0
0
0
0
27,558
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.21
.00
.00
.00
.00
.74
.95
.00
.95
.24
.00
.41
.00
.00
.24
.00
Option 2
Discharged
0.02
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.04
0.71
1 .38
0.10
1 .48
4.80
410.75
0.11
31 .06
0.88
0.21
0.34
Option 2
Removed
0
0
0
0
14,675
0
0
0
0
1 18
14,795
0
14,795
76
0
1
30
3
27,559
2
.00
.00
.00
.00
.51
.00
.95
.00
.00
.84
.30
.00
.30
.87
.00
. 18
.92
.56
.79
.25
Opt i
on 3
Discharged
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
3
410
0
31
0
0
0
.02
.00
. 18
.00
. 15
.00
. 17
.00
.04
.49
.05
. 10
. 15
. 19
.75
.07
.06
.60
. 14
.30
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
14,675.54
0.00
1 .03
0.00
0.00
1 19.05
14,795.63
0.00
14,795.63
78.47
0.00
1.21
30.92
3.84
27.559.86
2.29
28,122.72
521.83
27,600.89
448.16
27,674.57
446.12
27,676.60
2,247.54
499.48
2,747.02
'45,666.51
211.19
175.99
387. 17
917.83
2,036.35
323.49
2,359.85
44,748.69
25.71
21 .42
47. 13
496.76
2,221 .83
478.06
2,699.89
45, 169.76
5.57
21 .42
26.99
474.26
2,241 .97
478.06
2,720.03
45, 192.26
-------
Table X-15
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
00
O
CD
Pollutant
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Thai 1ium
Z1nc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
A1uminum
Ammoni a
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Molybdenum
Titanium
Vanadium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
01 1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Raw Waste
0.39
36. 10
756.70
913.10
2.42
9,245.50
0.01
39.05
10,993.27
0.02
10.993.30
33.34
908.76
1 ,080.88
7,090.26
1 ,235.71
78.37
1 , 1 1 1 .82
16.47
1 1 ,555.61
10,755.90
3,645.88
14,401 .78
36,950.69
Option 1
Discharged
0.39
29.30
31 . 17
215.40
2.42
274.80
0.01
39.05
592.54
0.02
592.57
33.34
908.76
18.56
5,383.80
75.20
78.37
74.25
16.47
6,588.75
4,456.00
3,645.88
8, 101 .88
15,283.20
Option 1
Removed
0.00
6.80
725.53
697.70
0.00
8,970.70
0.00
0.00
10,400.73
0.00
10,400.73
0.00
0.00
1 ,062.32
1 ,706.46
1 ,160.51
0.00
1 ,037.57
0.00
4,966.86
6,299.90
0.00
6,299.90
?1 ,667.49
Option 2
Discharged
0.39
3.28
3.50
24. 10
2.42
30.80
0.01
13.70
78.20
0.02
78.23
33.34
908.76
2.10
603.00
17.06
75.30
8.32
4. 16
1 ,652.04
499.00
416.00
915.00
2,645.27
Option 2
Removed
0.00
32.82
753.20
889.00
0.00
9,214.70
0.00
25.35
10,915.07
0.00
10,915.07
0.00
0.00
1 ,078.78
6,487.26
1 ,218.65
3.07
1 , 103.50
12.31
9,903.57
10,256.90
3,329.88
13,486.78
34,305.42
Option 3
Discharged
0.39
2.03
2.90
16.22
2.42
9.15
0.01
9.60
42.72
0.02
42.75
33.34
908.76
1 .40
603.00
1 1 .65
16.88
5.41
4.16
1 ,584.60
108.00
416.00
524.00
2, 151 .35
Option 3
Removed
0.00
34.07
753.80
896.88
0.00
9,236.35
0.00
29.45
10,950.55
0.00
10,950.55
0.00
0.00
1 ,079.48
6,487.26
1 ,224.06
61 .49
1 . 106.41
12.31
9,971 .01
10,647.90
3,229.88
13,877.78
34,799.34
-------
Table X-16
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
H
00
O
vo
Pollutant
Ant imony
Arseni c
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Si 1ver
Thai 1ium
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
A 1uminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Tin
Ti tanium
Vanadium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oi1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Raw Waste
3
3
3
0.00
0.00
6.69
0.26
13.67
0.32
0.78
0.00
1 .32
0.00
5,58
28.61
18.83
47.44
28.32
5.30
0.01
16.42
14.51
96.85
4.07
0.00
0.22
0.00
165.69
, 1 13.09
351 .66
,464.75
,677.88
Option 1
Di schargtid
0.00
0.00
2.53
0.26
13.67
0.32
0.78
0.00
1 .32
0.00
5.58
24.46
2.24
26.70
28.32
5.30
0.01
16.42
13. 14
3.21
4.07
0.00
0.22
0.00
70 . 68
384.71
320.59
705.31
802.69
Option 1
Removed
0.00
0.00
4. 16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.16
16.59
20.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.36
93.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
95.01
2,728.38
31.06
2 , 795 . 44
2,875.19
Option 2
Discharged
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.26
1 .98
0.32
0.78
0.00
0.34
0.00
1.12
5.07
0.24
5.31
7.63
5.30
0.01
16.42
1 .40
0.34.
0.55
0.00
0.22
0.00
31 .85
40.89
34.07
74. 9.6
112.12
Option 2
Removed
0.00
0.00
6.42
0.00
1 1 .69
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
0.00
4.45
23.54
18.59
42. 13
20.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.11
96.51
3.52
0.00
0.00
0.00
133.83
3,072.21
317.59
3,389.79
3,565.76
Option 3
Di scharged
0.00
0.00
0. 17
0.24
1 .33
0.2.7
0.75
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.78
3.56
0.16
3.72
5.08
5.30
0.01
16.42
0.95
0.34
0.48
0.00
0.22
0.00
28.79
8.86
34.07
42.93
75.44
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
6.52
0.03
12.34
0.04
0.03
0.00
1 .30
.. o.oo
4.79
25.05
18.67
43.72
23.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.55
96.51
3.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
136.90
3. 104.23
317.59
3,421 .82
3,602.44
-------
Table X-17
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORV
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Pollutant
Arsenic
Beryl 11um
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Thai 1ium
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
H
00 TOTAL TOXICS
H
° Aluminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Refractory Metals
Ti tanium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oil and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Raw Waste
1
15
18
1 1
1 1
29
0.00
0.00
0.58
4.71
3. 10
0.32
72.56
0.00
0.00
2.87
84. 14
0.02
84. T7
186.04
9.10
0.80
,668.61
265.73
0.00
0.00
.955.27
28.51
, 1 14.06
,310.50
50.23
.360.73
.558.96
Option 1
Discharged
0
0
0
4
3
0
72
0
0
2
84
0
84
186
9
0
1 , 66H
84
0
0
305
15
2,270
2,931
50
2,982
5,336
.00
.00
.58
.71
. 10
.32
.56
.00
.00
.87
. 14
.02
. 17
.04
. 10
.80
.61
.90
.00
.00
.22
.36
.03
.95
.21
. 16
.35
Option 1
Removed
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
180
0
0
15,650
13
15,844
8,378
0
8,378
24,222
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.83
.00
.00
.05
.15
.03
.55
.03
.58
.60
Option 2
Discharged
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.61
2.80
0.32
5.75
0.00
0.00
1 .71
1 1 .55
0.02
1 1 .57
17.42
9. '10
0.24
1 12.74
3. 19
0.00
0.00
6.55
0.41
149.64
93.30
46.90
140.20
301 .41
Option 2
Removed
0
0
0
4
0
0
66
0
0
1
72
0
72
168
0
0
1 ,555
262
0
0
15,948
28
17,964
1 1 ,217
3
1 1 ,220
29,257
.00
.00
.23
. 1 1
.30
.00
.81
.00
.00
. 16
.60
.00
.60
.62
.00
.56
.87
.54
.00
.00
.72
. 10
.42
.20
.34
.53
.55
Option 3
Discharged
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
0.
1 .
0.
0.
1 .
6.
0.
6.
1 1 .
9.
0.
112.
2.
0.
0.
4-
0.
140.
20.
46.
67.
214.
00
00
23
54
14
32
71
00
00
29
24
02
27
58
10
17
74
18
00
00
57
35
70
22
90
1 1
08
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.34
4.17
0.96
0.00
70.85
0.00
0.00
1 .58
77.90
0.00
77.90
174.45
O.OU
0.63
1 ,b55.8/
263. 5S
0.00
0.00
15.950.70
28. 16
17,973.36
1 1 ,290.28
3.34
1 1 ,293.62
29,344.88
-------
Table X-18
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
00
Pollutant
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Thai 1ium
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
Aluminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Molybdenum
Tantalurn
Ti tani urn
Tungsten
Vanadi um
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oi 1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Raw Waste
0
0
15
36
217
1
0
90
360
0
361
3,858
9,898
77
44,266
16,889
318
0
42,802
0
1,117
1 19,229
28,793
3,181
31 ,975
151 ,565
.03
. 15
. 15
.58
.22
.04
.00
.72
.91
. 16
.07
.44
.97
.80
.07
.30
.99
.00
.41
.00
.20
. 19
.48
.73
.21
.47
Option
1
Discharged
0
0
15
36
127
1
0
90
271
0
271
2,385
9,898
53
15,443
436
318
0
213
0
1,117
29,867
12,780
3,181
15,962
46, 101
.03
. 15
. 15
.58
.81
.04
.00
.72
.50
. 16
.66
.78
.97
.25
.64
.68
.99
.00
.02
.00
.20
.54
.95
.73
.67
.87
Option
1
Removed
0
0
0
0
89
0
• 0
0
89
0
89
1 ,472
0
24
28,822
16,452
0
0
42,589
0
0
89,361
16,012
0
16,012
105,463
.00
.00
.00
.00
.41
.00
.00
.00
.41
.00
.41
.66
.00
.55
.43
.61
.00
.00
.40
.00
.00
.65
.53
.00
.53
.59
Option 2
Discharged
0.03
0. 15
10.09
36.58
14.41
1 .04
0.00
39.62
101 .93
0.16
102.09
268.95
9,898.97
6.00
1 ,740.97
49.23
169.29
0.00
24.01
0.00
169.29
12,326.73
1 ,440.80
1 ,200.67
2,641 .47
15,070.29
Option
2
Removed
0
0
5
0
202
0
0
51
258
0
258
3,589
0
71
42,525
16,840
149
0
42,778
0
947
106,902
27,352
1 ,981
29,333
136,495
.00
.00
.06
.00
.81
.00
.00
. 10
.98
.00
.98
.49
.00
.80
. 10
.07
.70
.00
.40
.00
.91
.46
.67
.06
.73
. 17
Option
3
Discharged
0
0
8
36
9
1
0
27
83
0
83
178
9,898
4
1 ,740
33
1 12
0
15
0
1 12
12,097
312
1 ,200
1,512
13,694
.03
. 15
.40
.58
.61
.04
.00
.62
.44
. 16
.60
.90
.97
.08
.97
.62
.86
.00
.61
.00
.86
.88
. 17
.67
.84
.33
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
6.74
0.00
207.62
0.00
0.00
63. 1 1
277.47
0.00
277.47
3,679.54
0.00
73.72
42,525. 10
16,855.68
206. 13
0.00
42,786.81
0.00
1 ,004.34
107, 131 .31
28,481 .30
1 ,981 ,06
30,462.36
137,871 . 14
-------
Table X-19
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (Kg/yr)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORV
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
00
Pollutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromi um
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Tha)1ium
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
Aluminum
Ammonia
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Mo 1ybdenum
Ti tanium
Urani um
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oi1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Option 1
Raw Waste Discharged
9
10
12
12
23
0.00
0.00
0.67
2.82
3.94
42.42
1.11
0.00
10.73
61 .69
0.09
61 .79
113.16
39.68
96.08
850.69
144.96
0.37
5.95
,576. 13
,827.02
,022.92
850.82
,873.74
,762.55
0.00
0.00
0.67
1 .52
3.94
2.17
1.11
0.00
5.96
15.37
0.09
15.47
40.47
39.68
96.08
7.41
1 .81
0.37
3.61
72.26
261.68
216.79
180.66
397.45
674.60
Option 1
Removed-
0.00
0.00
0.00
1 .30
0.00
40.25
0.00
0.00
4.77
46.32
0.00
46.32
72.69
0.00
0.00
843.29
143. 15
0.00
2.34
9,503.87
10,565.34
1 1 ,806.13
670.16
12,476.29
23,087.95
Option 2
Discharged
0.00
0.00
0.17
0. 18
1 .25
0.26
1.11
0.00
0.71
3.68
0.09
3.78
4.82
39.68
31 .22
0.88
0.22
0.37
0.43
8.61
86.23
25.83
21 .53
47.36
137.37
Option 2
Option 3
Removed Discharged
0.00
0.00
0.50
2.64
2.69
42.16
0.00
0.00
10.02
58.01
0.00
58.01
108.34
0.00
64.86
849.81
144.74
0.00
5.52
9,567.52
10,740.79
1 1 ,997.09
829.29
12,826.38
23.625. 18
0.00
0.00
0. 11
0. 15
0.84
0.17
0.47
0.00
0.50
2.24
0.09
2.33
3.21
39.68
31 .22
0.60
0.22
0.37
0.28
5.68
81 .25
5.60
21 .53
27. 13
1 10.72
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.57
2.67
3. 10
42.25
0.64
0.00
10.23
59.45
0.00
59 . 45
109.95
0.00
64.86
850.09
144.74
0.00
5.67
9,570.45
10,745.77
12,017.33
829.29
12,846.62
23,651 .83
-------
Table X-20
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Pol 1utant
Ant imony
Arsenic
•Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
H
00 Cyanide
\->
W TOTAL TOXICS
Aluminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Tin
Ti tani urn
Vanadium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oi 1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Raw Waste
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3,704.68
211 ,750.00
0. 16
238.22
6,227.69
221 ,920.75
40,361 .87
262,282.62
151 .36
72.99
0.00
22,777.28
11 8-. 17
1 ,066.64
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
24,186.44
19, 196. 17
4,753.57
. 23.949.74
310,418.81
Option 1
Discharged
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.05
41 .77
0.16
53.29
23.67
124.94
5.04
129.98
151 .36
72.99
0.00
1 ,044.16
29.52
7.20
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1 ,305.23
864. 10
720.10
1 ,584.20
3,019.42
Option 1
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3,698.63
211,708.23
0.00
184.93
6,204.02
221,795.81
40,356.83
262, 152.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
21,733.12
88.65
1,059.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22,881 .21
18,332.07
4,033.47
22,365.54
307,399.39
Option 2
Discharged
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.42
30.53
0. 16
38.95
17.37
91 .43
3.68
95. 11
1 17.91
72.99
0.00
763.30
21 .58
5.26
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
981 .04
631 .70
526.40
1 ,158. 10
2,234.26
Option 2
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3,700.26
211 ,719.47
0.00
199.27
6,210.32
221 ,829.32
40,358. 19
262, 187.51
33.45
0.00
0.00
22,013.98
96.59
1 ,061 .38
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
23,205.40
18,564.47
4,227. 17
22.791 .64
308. 184.55
Option 3
Discharged
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.68
20.53
0. 16
1 1 .58
12.11
48.06
2.47
50.53
78.43
72.99
0.00
763.30
14.74
3.53
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
932.99
136.90
526.40
663.30
1 ,646.83
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3,701 .00
21 1 ,729.47
0.00
226.64
6,215.58
221 ,872.69
49,359.40
262,232.09
72.93
0.00
0.00
22,013.98
103.43
1 ,063. 11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
23,253.45
19,059.27
4,227. 17
23,286.44
308,771 .98
-------
Table X-21
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORV
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Pollutant
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Coppar
Lead
Nickel
Thai 1ium
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
l_i Cyanide
CO Dichloroinethane
I-1 Toluene
Ł*
TOTAL TOXICS
A1uminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Molybdenum
Ti tanium
Vanadium
Zirconium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
011 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Raw Waste
0
0
5
4
1
1
0
1
13
0
590
49
654
51
51
0
. 2,395
38
0
0
2
7,376
9,916
638
8.543
9, 181
19,751
.06
.00
.64
.24
. 14
.37
.01
.52
.98
.04
.83
.36
.20
.37
.92
.30
.32
.34
.07
.26
.69
.00
.28
.38
.04
.42
.90
Option 1
Discharged
0
0
5
4
1
1
0
1
13
0
0
0
14
51
51
0
1 ,209
34
0
0
2
602
1.952
638
834
1 ,472
3.438
.06
.00
.64
.24
. 14
.37 '
.01'
.52
.98
.04
.00
.00
.02
.37
.92
.30
.35
.20
.07
.26
.69
. 17
.34
.38
.04
.42
.78
Option 1
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
590.83
49.36
640.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
1 , 185.97
4. 15
0.00
0.00
0.00
6,773.82
7.963.94
0.00
^.709.00
7,709.00
16,313.12
Option 2 Option 2
Discharged Removed
0.
0.
1 .
4.
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
9.
0.
0.
0.
9.
27.
51 .
0.
179.
5.
0.
0.
2.
89.
356.
148.
123.
272.
638.
06
00
04
24
14
37
01
52
38
04
00
00
42
72
92
30
44
07
07
26
69
35
84
50
75
26
51
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
590
49
644
23
0
0
2,215
33
0
0
0
7,286
9,599
489
8,419
8.909
19,113
.00
.00
.60
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.60
.00
.83
.36
.79
.65
.00
.00
.88
.27
.00
.00
.00
.65
.44
.88
.28
. 16
.39
Option 3
Discharged
0
0
0
4
0
1
0
1
9
0
0
0
9
18
51
0
179
3
0
0
2
59
316
32
123
155
481
.06
.00
.87
.24
.99
.37
.01
.52
.06
.04
.00
.00
.09
.44
.92
.30
.44
.47
.07
.26
.69
.53
. 12
. 18
.75
.93
. 14
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
4.78
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.93
0.00
590.83
49.36
645. 1 1
32.93
0.00
0. 00
2,215.88
34.88
0.00
0.00
0. 00
7,316.47
9,600. 16
606. 20
8,419.28
9,025.49
19,270.76
-------
Table X-22
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORV
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Pollutant
Ant imony
Arsenic
Cadmi urn
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Si 1ver
Thai 1ium
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
H
00 Cyanide
M
U1 TOTAL TOXICS
Aluminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
I ron
Magnesi urn
Mo 1ybdenum
Tin
Ti tanium
Vanadium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oi1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Total
Raw Waste
0
0
0
0
1 1 1
19
4
0
0
7
143
0
143
46
1
0
2
207
5
0
9
3
0
275
3,868
0
3,868
4,287
.04
.07
.00
.22
.76
.31
.68
.00
.00
.71
.79
.00
.79
.25
.01
.00
. 18
.31
.58
.07
. 14
.61
.04
.08
.40
.00 .
.40
.36
Opt i on 1
Di scharged
0
0
0
0
5
1
4
0
0
3
15
0
15
22
1
0
2
4
1
0
9
2
0
. 42
123
0
123
181
.04
.07
.00
.22
.95
.23
.68
.00
.00
.39
.58
.00
.58
.99
.01
.00
. 18
.21
.03
.07
. 14
.05
.04
.70
. 14
.00
. 14
.42
Option
1
Removed
0.
0.
0.
0.
105.
18.
0.
0.
0.
4.
128.
0.
128.
23.
0.
0.
0.
203.
4.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
232.
3,745.
0.
3,745.
4,105.
00
00
00
00
80
07
00
00
00
33
20
00
20
27
00
00
00
10
55
00
00
56
00
48
26
00
26
95
Option 2
Discharged
0.04
0.07
0.00
0.22
5.95
1 .23
4.68
0.00
0.00
3.39
15.58
0.00
15.58
22.99
1.01
0.00
2. 18
4.21
1 .03
0.07
9.14
2i05
0.04
42.70
123.14 '
0.00
123. 14
181 .42
Option 2
Removed
0
0
0
0
105
18
0
0
0
4
128
0
128
23
0
0
0
203
4
0
0
1
0
232
3,745
0
3,745
4, 105
.00
.00
.00
.00
.80
.07
.00
.00
.00
.33
.20
.00
.20
'.27
.00
.00
.00
. 10
.55
.00
.00
.56
.00
.48
.26
.00
.26
.95
Option 3
Di scharged
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
0
0
2
9
0
9
15
1
0
2
2
0
0
7
1
0
30
26
0
26
67
.04
.07
.00
.22
.00
.82
.26
.00
.00
.36
.78
.00
.78
.29
.01
.00
.18
.87
.69
.07
.29
.33
.04 _
.76
.68
.00
.68
.22
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
107.75
18.48
2.42
0.00
0.00
5.35
134.01
0.00
134.01
30.96
0.00
0.00
0.00
204.43
4.89
0.00
1 .85
2.28
0.00
244.42
3,841 .72
0.00
3,841 .72
4,220. 15
-------
Table X-23
OPTIONS SELECTED AS THE TECHNOLOGY BASES FOR BAT
Subcategory
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Magnesium Forming
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Precious Metals Forming
Refractory Metals Forming
Titanium Forming
Uranium Forming
Zinc Forming
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Metal Powders Forming
BAT
Option 2
Option 2
Option 3
Option 2
Option 3
Option 2
Option 3
; Option 3
Option 2
Option 1
Option 1 - Flow Normalization, Lime and Settle
Option 2 - Flow Reduction, Lime and Settle
Option 3 - Flow Reduction, Lime and Settle, Multimedia Filtration
1816
-------
Table X-24
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Normalized
BAT Discharge
Operati on
H
09
Rol1 ing
Drawing
Extrusion
Swaging
Casting
Continuous Strip Casting
Setni-Cont inuous Ingot
Casting
Shot Casting
Shot-forming
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Spent neat oi1s
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Press or solution heat treatment
contact cooling water
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Wet dii pollution control
blowciown
1/kkg
23.4
43.0
0
26.3
7.46
144
55.0
1 .77
1 .00
2.94
37.3
5B.8
gal/ton
5.60
10.3
0
6.30
1 .79
34.6
'13.2
0.424
0.240
0.704
8.95
14. 1
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth drawn
w i th emu I si ons
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth drawn
with soap solutions
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth heat
treated and subsequently
cooled with water
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsions
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth cast
by the continuous strip method
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth ingot
cast by the semi-continuous
method
Mass of Iead-tin-bismuth shot
cast
Mass df I ead- t i n-t)i smuth shot
f orme-cl
-------
Tablo X-24 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operation
Alkaline Cleaning
Degreasing
Waste Stream
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent solvents
Normal 1zed
BAT Discharge
1/kkg
120
236
0
gal /ton
28.7
56.5
0
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
00
H
00
-------
Table X-25
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
,067
010
.030
.005
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
*Antimony
*Lead
.124
.018
.055
.009
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1819
-------
Table X-25 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
,076
Oil
.034
.005
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bisinuth Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
*Antimony
*Lead
.021
.003
.010
.001
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
*Antimony
*Lead
.413
.061
.185
.029
1820
-------
Table X-25 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
*Antimony
*Lead
158
023
.070
.011
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Swaging Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
0051
,0008
.0023
.0004
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
*Antimony
*Lead
,0029
,0004
.0013
.0002
1821
-------
Table X-25 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
*Antimony
*Lead
,008
.001
.004
.001
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
me/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
*Antimony
*Lead
,107
,016
.048
.007
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
*Antimony
*Lead
,169
,025
.075
.012
1822
-------
Table X-25 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
.345
.050
.154
.024
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
,678
,099
.302
.047
BAT • :
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1823
-------
Table X-26
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
H
00
to
Operation
Roll1ng
Forging
Direct Chi 11 Casting
Surface Treatment
Sawing or Grinding
Degreasing
Wet Air Pollution Control
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Equipment cleaning wastewater
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent emulsions
Spent solvents
Slowdown
Normal ized
BAT Discharge
1/kkg
74.6
0
289
3.99
3.950
466
1 ,890
19.5
0
619
gal/ton
17
0
69
0
947
1 12
452
4
0
148
.9
.3
.959
.68
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of magnesium rolled with
emu!sions
Mass of forged magnesium
cooled with water
Mass of magnesium forged on
equipment requiring cleaning
with water
Mass of magnesium cast with
direct chill methods
Mass of magnesium surface
treated
Mass of magnesium surface
treated
Mass of magnesium sawed or
ground
Mass of magnesium sanded and
repaired or forged
-------
Table X-27
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.033
.109
9.950
4.440
.007
.013
.046
4.370
1.970
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium
cooled with water
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.127
.422
38.500
17.200
.029
.052
.176
17.000
7.630
1825
-------
Table X-27 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/millicn
forged
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
off-lbs) of magnesium
.0018
.0058
.5320
.2380
.0004
.0007
.0024
.2340
.1060
_ •» «K
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
cast with direct chill methods
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
1.740
5.770
527.000
235.000
.395
.711
2.410
232.000
104.000
1826
-------
Table X-27 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Maximum for
any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
off-lbs) of magnesium
.205
.681
62.100
27.700
.047
.084
.284
27.300
12.300
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.832
2.760
252.000
113.000
.189
.340
1.150
111.000
49.900
1827
-------
Table X-27 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAI
Magnesium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
PollL.~ant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
sawed or ground
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Flucride
Magnesium
.009
.029
2.600
1.160
.002
.004
.012
1.140
.515
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
formed
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.273
.904
82.500
36.900
.062
.112
.378
36.300
16.400
1828
-------
Table X-28
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat1 on
Rolling
H
00
Tube Reducing
Drawlng
Extrusion
Forgi ng
Metal Powder Production
Stationary Casting
Normali zed
BAT Discharge
Waste Stream 1/kkg
Spent neat oils 0
Spent emulsions 170
Contact cooling water 75.4
Spent lubricants 0
Spent neat oils 0
Spent emulsions 95.4
Spent lubricants 0
Press or solution heat 83.2
treatment contact cooling
water
Press hydraulic fluid 232
leakage
Spent lubricants 0
Contact cooling water 47.4
Equipment cleaning wastewater .4.00
Press hydraulic fluid leakage 187
Atomization wastewater 2,620
Contact cooling water 1,210
gal/ton
0
40.9
18. 1
0
0
22.9
0
20'. 0
55.6
0
1 1 .4
0.957
44.8
629
290
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of nickel-cobalt rolled
with emu 1 si ons
Mass of nickel-cobalt rolled
with water
Mass of nickel-cobalt drawn
w i th emu 1 si ons
Mass of nickel-cobalt extruded
or heat treated and subse-
quently cooled with water
Mass of nickel-cobalt extruded
Mass of forged nieke 1-coba11
cooled with water
Mass of nieke 1-cobalt forged
on equipment requiring clean-
ing with water
Mass of nickel-cobalt forged
Mass of nickel-cobalt metal
powder produced by wet atom-
i zat i on
Mass of nickel-cobalt cast
with stationary casting
methods
-------
Table X-28 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
H
CO
U)
O
Operation
Vacuum Melting
Annealing and Solution
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Ammonia
Alkaline Cleaning
Molten Salt
Sawing or Grinding
Normal ized
BAT Discharge
Waste Stream
Steam condensate
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Rinse
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Rinsewater
Spent emulsions
Rinsewater
1/kkg
0
0
935
2,360
14.8
33.9
233
844
39.4
181
gal /ton
0
0
224
565
3
8
55
202
9
43
.54
.13
.9
.45
.5
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Mass of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Mass of nickel-cobalt treated
with ammonia solution
Mass of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Mass of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Mass of nickel-cobalt treated
with molten salt
Mass of nickel-cobalt sawed or
ground with emulsions
Mass of sawed or ground
-------
Table X-28 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
H
00
Ul
Operation
Steam Cleaning
Hydrostatic Tube Testing
and Ultrasonic Testing
Dye Penetrant Testing
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Decreasing
Wet Air Pollution Control
Electrocoating
Waste Stream
Condensate
Wastewater.
Wastewater
Various
Spent solvents
Blowdown
Rinsewat«r
Normal ized
BAT Discharge
1/kkg
30.1
0
213
246
0
810
3.370
gal /ton
7
0
50
58
0
192
807
.22
.9
.4
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of nickel-cobalt steam
cleaned
Mass of nickel-cobalt tested
with dye penetrant methods
Mass of nickel-cobalt formed
Mass of nickel-cobal t fo.rmed
Mass of nickel-cobalt electro-
coated
-------
Table X-29
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
oollutants.
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximur. for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.034
.063
.218
.048
.094
.174
10.100
.014
.026
.104
.022
.063
.071
4.490
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with water
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.015
.028
.097
.021
.042
.077
4.490
.006
.011
.046
.010
.028
.032
1.990
1832
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT-LIMITATIONS
BAT . . - .
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge^of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollu-tant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
-any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
drawn with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.019
.035
.122
.027
.053
.097
5.680
.008
.014
.058
.012
.035
.040
2.520
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. - • . .. .
1833
-------
.Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment CCW
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.017
.031
.107
1 .023
.046
.085
4.950
.007
.013
.051
.011
.031
«035
2.200
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
extruded
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.046
.086
.297
.065
.128
,237
13.800
.019
.035
.142
.030
.086
.098
6.130
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1834
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
.NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off^kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged nickel-cobalt
cooled with water
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.009
.018
.061
.013
.026
.048
2.820
.004
.007
.029
.006
.018
.020
1.250
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium .0008 .0003
*Chromium .0015 .0006
Copper .0051 . .0024
Lead .0011 .0005
*Nickel .0022 .0015
Zinc .0041 .0017
*Fluoride .2380 .1060
1835
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
* Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.037
.069
.240
.052
.103
.191
11.100
.015
.028
.114
.024
.069
.079
4.940
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
metal powder atomized
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.524
.970
3.360
.734
1.440
2.670
156.000
.210
.393
1.600
.341
.970
1.100
69.200
1836
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
cast with stationary casting methods
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.242
.448
1.550 '
.339
.666
1.240
72.000
.097
.182
.738
.158
.448
.508
32.'000
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
1837
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.187
.346
1.200
.262
.514
.954
55.700
.075
.140
.571
.122
.346
.393
24.700
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.472
.873
3.020
.661
1.300
2.410
141.000
.189
.354
1.440
.307
.873
.991
62.300
1838
-------
Table X-29 (Continued);
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Ccbalc Forming
Ammonia Rir.se
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with ammonia solution
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
,003
,005
,019
,004
,008
,015
,881
.001
.002
.009
.002
.005
.006
.391
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.007
.013
.043
.009
.019
.035
2.020
.003
.005
.021
.004
.013
.014
.895
1839
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
3AT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
.047
.086
.298
.065
.128
.238
13.900
.019
.035
.142
.030
.086
.098
6.150
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
"Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with molten salt
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.312
1.080
.237
.464
.861
50.200
.068
.127
.515
.110
.312
.355
22.300
1840
-------
Table .X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
sawed or ground with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride 2
of nickel-cobalt
.008
.015
.051
.011 '
.022
.040
.350
.003
.006
.024
.005
.015
.017
1,040
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.036
.067
.232
.051
•100
. 185
10.800
.015
.027
.111
.024
.067
.076
4.780
1841
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Steam Cleaning Condensate
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
•ng/ofC-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
steam cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.006
.011
.039
.008
.017
.031
1.790
.002
.005
.018
.004
.011
.013
.795
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing Wastewater
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants..
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant, or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
tested with dye penetrant methods
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.043
.079
.273
.060
.117
.217
12.700
.017
.032
.130
.028
.079
.090
5.630
1842
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.049
.091
.315
..069
.136
.251
14.700
.020
.037
.150
.032
.091
.104
6.500
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Degreasing Spent Sclvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.162
.300
1.040
.227
.446
.826
48.200
.065
.122
.494
.106
.300
.340
21.400
1843
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
3AT
Nickel-Cobdlt Forming
Electrocoacing Rinse
Pollucanc or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg ,'Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
electrocoated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.674
1.250
4.320
.944
1.860
3.440
201.000
.270
.506
2.060
.438
1.250
1.420
89.000
1844
-------
Table X-30
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operation
. Rol Hng
Drawing
00
*»
in
Metal Powder Production
Cast ing
Di rect Chi 11 Casting
Shot Casting
Stationary Casting
Semi-Continuous and
Continuous Casting
Heat Treatment
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Atomization wastewater
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Normali zed
BAT Discharge
1/kkg gal/ton
0 0
77.1 18.5
0
47.5
3.12
6,680
1 ,080
367
0
1 ,030
417
0
1 1 .4
0.748
1 ,600
259
88.0
0
248
100
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of precious metals rolled
with emu 1 si ons
Mass of precious metals drawn
w i th emu 1s i ons
Mass of precious metals drawn
with soap solutions
Mass of precious metals powder
produced by wet atomization
Mass o'f precious metals cast
by the direct chill method
Mass of precious me_tals"shot
cast
Mass o* precious metals cast
by the semi -cont i nu'ou's' or
continuous method
Mass of extruded precious
metals heat treated
Surface Treatment
A1kaline Cleaning
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent baths
96.3
616
60.0
23.1 Mass of prec'ious metals
surface treated
148 Mass of precious metals
surface treated
14.4 Mass of precious metal's
alkaline cleaned
-------
ffi
Operation
Alkaline Cleaning
Tumbling or Burnishing .
Sawing or Grinding
Pressure Bonding
Oegreasing
Wet Air Pollution Control
Table X-30 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Waste Stream
Rinsewater
Prebondlng wastewater
Wastewater
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Spent solvents
Blowdown
Normal1zed
BAT Discharge
1/kkg
1 .120
1,160
0
93.4
83. 5
0
0
gal/ton
269
277
291
0
22.4
20.0
0
0
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
Mass of precious metal and
base metal cleaned prior to
bonding
Mass of precious metals
tumbled or burnished with
watei—based media
Mass of precious metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Mass of precious metal and
base metal pressure bonded
and subsequently cooled with
water
-------
Tab.Le X-31
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
. monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
rolled with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.026
.034
.147
.022
.032
.148
.032
.113
.012
.014
.077
.009
.015
.098
.013
.047
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1847
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
,016
,021
,090
,014
,020
,091
,020
,069
.007
.009
.048
.006
.010
.060
.008
.029
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with soap solutions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.0011
.0014
.0059
.0009
.0013
.0060
.0013
.0046
.0005
.0006
.0031
.0004
.0006
.0040
.0005
.0019
1848
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
EAT
Precious Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
powder wet atomized
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
2.270
2.940
12.700
1.940 -
2.810
12.800
2.740
9.750
1.000
1.200
6.680
.802
1.340
8.490
1.140
4.080
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
cast by the direct chill method
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.367
.475
2.050
.313
.454
2.080
.443
1.580
.162
.195
1.080
.130
.216
1.370
.184
.659
1849
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
shot cast
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.125
.162
.698
.107
.154
.705
.151
.536
.055
.066
.367
.044
.073
.466
.062
.224
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting CCW
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
by the semi-continuous or continuous method
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.350
.453
1.960
.299
.433
1.980
.423
1.510
.155
.186
1.030
.124
.206
1.310
.175
.629
1850
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded precious
metals heat treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.142
.184
.793
.121
.175
.801
.171
.609
.063
.075
.417
.050
.083
.530
.-071
.255
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
,033
,042
,183
,028
,041
,185
,040
,141
.015
.017
.096
.012
.019
.123
.016
.059
1851
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.210
.271
1.170
.179
.259
1.180
.253
.900
.092
.111
.616
.074
.123
.783
.105
.376
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.020
.026
.114
.017
.025
.115
.025
.088
.009
.011
.060
.007
.012
.076
.010
.037
1852
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.381
.493
2.130
.325
.471 '
2.150
.459
1.640
.168
.202
1.120
.135
.224
1.420
.191
..683
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal cleaned prior to bonding
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.395
.511
2.210
.337
.487
2.230
.476
1.700
.174
.209
1.160
.139
.232
1.480
.197
.708
1853
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metais Forming
•Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
tumbled or burnished
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.412
.533
2.300
.351
.508
2.330
.496
1.770
.182
.218
1.210
.145
.242
1.540
.206
.738
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
,032
,041
,178
,027
,039
180
038
,137
.014
-.017
.093
.011
.019
.119
.016
.057
1854
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS.
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Pressure Bonding Contact Coolin.g Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
base metal pressure bonded
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
of precious
.028
.037 ,
.159 '
.024
.035
.161
.034
.122
metals and
.013
.015
.084
.010
.017
.106
.014
.051
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT -
Precious Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
. 1855
-------
Table X-32
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
M
00
U1
Operation
Roll ing
Drawing
Extrusi an
Forging
Metal Powder Production
Metal Powder Pressing
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Molten Salt
Tumbling or Burnishing
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils and graphite-
based lubricants
Spent emulsions
Spent lubricants
Spent lubricants
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Wastewater
Floor wash water
Spent lubricants
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Rinsewater
Wastewater
Normal ized
BAT Discharge
1
12
8
1
1/kkg
0
429
0
0
.190
0
32.3
281
0
0
389
. 100
334
, 160
633
,250
gal /ton
0
103
0
0
285
0
7.75
67.3
0
0
93.3
2.910
80.2
1.960
152
300
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
Mass of refractory metals
extruded
Mass of forged refractory
metals cooled with water
Mass of refractory metals
powder produced using water
Mass of refractory metals
surface treated
Mass of refractory metals
surface treated
Mass ,of refractory metals
al kaline eleaned
Mass of refractory metals
a I kal ine. cleaned
Mass of refractory metals
treated.with molten salt
Mass of refractory metals
tumbled or burnished with
water-based media
-------
Table X-32 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Normali zed
BAT Discharge
Operation
Sawing or Grinding
00
U1
Dye Penetrant Testing
Equipment Cleaning
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Degreasing
Wet Air Pollution Control
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Ri nsewater
Wastewater
Wastewater
Various
Spent solvents
B1owdown
1/kkg
0
297
2,430
13.5
77.6
136
345
0
787
gal/ton
0
71.1
582
3.25
• 18.6
3.2 .6
83.0
0
189
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of refractory metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
Mass of refractory metals
sawed or ground with contact
coo 1i ng water
Mass of refractory metals
sawed or ground and subse-
quently rinsed
Mass of refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant
methods
Mass of refractory metals
formed on equipment requiring
cleaning with water
Mass of refractory metals
Mass of refractory metals
sawed, ground, surface coated
or surface treated
-------
Table X-33
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite-Based Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ifa/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.159
.549
.120
.236
.125
.438
.052
25.500
2.160
.193
.043
1.490
.064
.262
,056
.159
.052
.180
11.300
.957
.665
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1858
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Pluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.441
1.530
.333 •
.655
.345
1.220
.143
70.800
5.990
.536
.119
4.140
.179
.726
.155
.441
.143
.500
31.400
2.660
1.850
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1859
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory
metals cooled with water
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.0,12
.041
.009
.018
.009
.033
.004
1.920
.163
.015
.003
.113
,005
.020
,004
,012
,004
,014
,853
,072
,050
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
powder produced
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.104
.360
.079
.155
.082
.287
.034
16.700
1.420
.127
.028
.978
.042
.172
.037
.104
.034
.118
7.420
.627
.436
1860
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING 'SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Water
There shall .be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.144
.498
.109
.214
.113
.397
.047
23.200
1.960
.175
.039
1.360
.058
.237
.051
.144
.047
.164
10.300
.868
.603
1861
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
4.480
15.500
3.390
6.660
3.510
12.400
1.450
720.000
60.900
5.450
1.210
42.100
1.820
7.380
1.580
4.480
1.450
5.080
320.000
27.000
18.800
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.124
.428
.094
.184
.097
.341
.040
19.900
1.680
.151
.033
1.160
.050
.204
.043
.124
.040
.140
8.820
.745
.518
1862
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tujigsten
3.020
10.500
2.290
4.490 •
2.370
8.330
.979
486.000
41.100
3.670
.816
28.400
1.230
4.980
1.060
3.020
.979
3.430
'
216'.000
18.200
12.700
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.234
.810
.177
.348
.184
.646
.076
37.700
3.190
.285
.063
2.200
.095
.386
.082
.234
.076
.266
16.700
1.410
.981
1863
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tumbled or burnished
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.463
1.600
.350
.688
.363
1.280
.150
74.400
6.290
.563
.125
4.350
.188
.763
.163
.463
.150
.525
33.000
2.790
1,940
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1864
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SU3CATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.110
.380
.083
.164
.086
.303
.036
17.700
1.500
.134
.030
1.040
.045
.181
.039
.110
.036
.125
7.840
.663
.461
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.899
3.110
.681
1.340
.705
2.480
.292
145.000
12.200
1.100
.243
8.460
.365
1.480
.316
.899
.292
1.0.20
64.200
5.420
3.770
1865
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.005
.017
.004
.007
.004
.014
.002
.803
.068
.006
.001
.047
,002
,008
,002
,005
,002
,006
,357
,030
,021
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Dye Penetrant.Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.029
.099
.022
.043
.023
.079
.009
4.620
.391
.035
.008
.270
.012
.047
.010
.029
.009
.033
2.050
.173
.120
1866
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.050
.174
.038
.-075
.040
.139
.016
8.090
.684
.061
.014
.473
.020
.083
.018
.050
.016
.057
3.590
.303
.211
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.128
.442
.097
.190
.100
.352
.041
20.500
1.740
.155
.035
1.200
.052
.211
.045
.128
.041
.145
9.110
.770
.535
1867
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGCRY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.291
1.010
.221
.433
.228
.803
.095
46.800
3.960
.354
.079
2.740
.118
.480
.103
.291
.095
.331
20.800
1.760
1.220
1868
-------
Table X-34
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Normal ized
BAT Discharge
Operation Waste Stream
Rolling Spent neat oils
Contact cooling water
Drawing Spent neat oils
Extrusion Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Forging Spent lubricants
(— J
CO Contact cooling water
Oi
VO
Equipment cleaning wastewater
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Tube Reducing Spent lubricants
Heat Treatment Contact cooling water
Surface Treatment Spent baths
Ri nsewater
Alkaline Cleaning Spent baths
Rinsewater
Molten Salt Rinsewater
Tumbling Wastewater
t/kkg
0
488
0
0
71 .9
178
0
99.9
40.0
1 ,010
0
0
208
2,920
240
276
955
79.0
gal /ton
0
1 17
0
0
17
42
0
24
9
242
0
0
49
700
57
66
229
18
.2
.8
.0
.60
.9
.5
.3
.9
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of titanium rolled with
contact cooling water
Mass of titanium extruded with
emulsi ons
Mass of titanium extruded
Mass of forged titanium cooled
with water
Mass of titanium forged on
equipment requiring cleaning
with water
Mass of titanium forged
Mass of titanium surface
treated
Mass of titanium surface
treated
Mass of titanium alkaline
cleaned
Mass of titanium alkaline
c 1 eaned
Mass of titanium treated with
molten salt
Mass of titanium tumbled with
-------
xatei—based media
Table X-34 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Normalized
BAT Discharge
00
^J
O
Operation
Sawing or Grinding
Dye Penetrant Testing
Hydrotesting
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Degreasing
Wet Air Pollution Control
Waste Stream
Spent neat oi Is
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Wastewater
Wastewater
Various
Spent solvents
81owdown
1/kkg
0
183
476
1,120
0
32.4
0
214
gal/ton
0
43.8
114
268
0
7.77
0
51 .4
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of titanium sawed or
ground with an emulsion
Mass of titanium sawed or
ground with contact cooling
water
Mass of titanium tested with
dye penetrant methods
Mass of titanium formed
Mass of
treated
titanium surface
or forged
-------
Table X-35
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Rolling -Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollucant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
rolled with contact cooling water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.215
.927
.142
.205
.937
.713
65.100
29.100
.459
.088
.488
.059
.098
.620
.298
28.600
12.900
.200
BAT
Titanium Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1871
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg" (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.032
.137
.021
.030
.138
.105
9.590
4.280
.068
.013
.072
.009
.014
.091
.044
4.220
1.900
.030
BAT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.078
.338
.052
.075
.342
.260
23.700
10.600
.168
.032
.178
.021
.036
.226
.109
10.500
4.700
.073
1872
-------
Table X-35 ^Continued)
TITANIUM FORKING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged titanium
cooled with water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.044
.190
.029
.042
.192
.146
13.300
5.950
.094
.018
.100
.012
.020
.127
.061
5.860
2.640
.041
1873
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg •( Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.018
.076
.012
.017
.077
.058
5.330
2.380
.038
.007
.040
.005
.008
.051
.024
2.350
1.060
.016
BAT
Titanium Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.445
1.920
.293
.424
1.940
1.480
135.000
60.100
.950
.182
1.010
.121
.202
1.280
.616
59.200
26.700
.414
1874
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SU3CATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Fofffting
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.092
.395
.060
.087
.400
.304
27.700
12.400
.196
.038
.208
.025
.042
.264
.127
12.200
5.490
.085
1875
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
1.290
5.550
.847
1.230
5.610-
4.270
389.000
174.000
2.750
.526
2.920
.351
.584
3.710
1.780
171.000
77.100
1.200
BAT
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.106
.456
.070
.101
.461
.351
32.000
14.300
.226
.043
.240
.029
.048
.305
.147
14.100
6.340
.098
1876
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.122
.525
.080
.116
.530
.'403
36.800
16.400
.260
.050
.276
.033
.055
.351
.169
16.200
7.290
' .113
BAT
Titanium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
treated with molten salt
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.420
1.820
.277
.401
1.840
1.400
128.000
56.800
.898
.172
.955
.115
.191
1.210
.583
56.000
25.200
.392
1877
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Tumbling Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollucant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
tumbled
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.035
.150
.023
.033
.152
.116
10.600
4.700
.074
.014
.079
.009
.016
.101
.048
4.630
2.090
.032
BAT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1878
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum fcr
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.081
.348
.053
.077
.-352
.267
24.400
10.900
.172
.033
.183
.022
.037
.233
.112
10.700
4.830
.075
BAT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.210
.905
.138
.200
.914
.695
63.500
28.300
.448
.086
.476
.057
.095
.605
.291
27.900
12.600
.195
1879
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Pluoride
Titanium
.493
2.130
.325
.471
2.150
1.640
149.000
66.700
1.050
.202
1.120
.135
.224
1.420
.683
65.700
29.600
.459
BAT
Titanium Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
formed
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.014
.062
.009
.014
.062
.047
4.320
1.930
.031
.006
.032
.004
.006
.041
.020
1.900
.856
.013
1880
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
formed
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.094
.407
.062
.090
.411
.313
28.500
12.800
.201
.039
.214
.026
.043
.272
.131
12.600
5.650
.088
1881
-------
Table X-36
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NormalIzed
BAT Discharge
00
09
N)
Operation
Extrusion
Forging
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Sawing or Grinding
Area Cleaning
Degreasing
Wet Air Pollution Control
Drum Washwater
Laundry Washwater
Waste Stream
Spent lubricants
Tool contact cooling water
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Rinsewater
Washwater
Spent solvents
Blowdown
Wastewater
Wastewater
1/kkg
0
34.4
0
31 .3
27.2
337
5.68
165
4.65
42.9
0
3.49
44.3
26.2*
gal/ton
0
8.25
0
7.52
6.52
80.9
1 .36
39.5
1.12
10.3
0
0.836
10.6
6.30**
Production Normalizing
. Parameter
Mass of uranium extruded with
tools requiring contact cool-
ing with water
Mass of extruded or forged
uranium heat treated and
subsequently cooled with water
Mass of uranium surface
treated
Mass of uranium surface
treated
Mass of uranium sawed or
ground with emulsions
Mass of uranium sawed or
ground with contact cooling
water
Mass of uranium sawed or
ground and subsequently rinsed
Mass of uranium formed
Mass of uranium surface
treated
Mass of uranium formed
Employee-day
*Liters/employee-day.
**Gal1ons/employee-day.
-------
Table X-37
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Uranium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Uranium Forming
Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
extruded
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.007
.013
.044
.010
.019
.035
2.050
.173
.148
.003
.005
.021
.004
.013
.015
.908
.077
.108
BAT
Uranium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1883
-------
Table X-37 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Uranium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg •( Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded or forged
uranium heat treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.006
.012
.040
.009
.017
.032
1.860
.158
.134
.00.3
.005
.019
.004
.012
.013
.827
.070
.098
BAT
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.005
.010
.035
.008
.015
.028
1.620
.137
.117
.002
.004
.017
.004
.010
.011
.718
.061
.085
1884
-------
Table X-37 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chroinium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.067
.125
.432
.-094
.186
.344
20.100
1.700
1.450
.027
.051
.206
.044
.125
.142
8.900
.752
1.050
BAT
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.0011
.0021
.0073
.0016
.0031
.0058
.3380
.0286
.0244
.0005
.0009
.0035
.0007
.0021
.0024
.1500
.0127
.0178
1885
-------
Table X-37 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.033
.061
.211
.046
.091
.169
9.820
.830
.708
.013
.025
.101
.022
.061
^069
4,360
.368
.515
BAT
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum -for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
uranium rinsed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.0009
.0017
.0060
.0013
.0026
.0048
.2770
.0234
.0200
.0004
.0007
.0028
.0006
.0017
.0020
.1230
.0104
.0145
1886
-------
Table X-37 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Uranium Forming
Area Cleaning Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.009
.016
.055
.012
.024
.044
2.550
.216
.184
.003
.006
.026
.006
.016
.018
1.130
.096
.134
BAT
Uranium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Uranium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
* Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.0007
.0013
.0045
.0010
.0019
.0036
.2080
.0176
.0150
.0003
.0005
.0021
.0005
.0013
.0015
.0922
.0078
.0109
1887
-------
BAT
Uranium Forming
Drum Washwater
Table X-37 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.009
.016
.057
.012
.024
.045
2.640
.223
.190
.004
.007
.027
.006
.016
.019
1.170
.099
.138
BAT
Uranium Forming
Laundry Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/employee-day uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Uranium
5.240
9.700
33.600
7.340
14.400
26.700
1,560.000
132.000
113.000
2.100
3.930
16.000
3.410
9.700
11.000
692.000
58.400
81.800
1888
-------
TabU X-38
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORV
00
00
VO
Operation
Rolling
Drawing
Casting
Direct Chill Casting
Stationary Casting
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Sawing or Grinding
Degreasing
Electrocoating
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
• Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent emulsions
Spent solvents
Rinsewater
Normal ized
BAT Discharge
1/kkg
0
1.39
53.6
5.80
50.5
0
76.3
88.7
358
3.55
1,690
23.8
0
229
gal /ton
0
0.334
12.9
1 .39
12.1
0
18.3
21 .3
85.9
0.850
405
5.71
0
55.0
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of zinc rolled with
emulsions
Mass of zinc rolled with
contact cooling water
Mass of zinc drawn with
emulsi ons
Mass of zinc cast by the
direct chill method
Mass of zinc heat treated and
subsequently cooled with water
Mass of zinc surface treated
Mass of zinc surface treated
Mass of zinc alkaline cleaned
Mass of zinc alkaline cleaned
Mass of zinc sawed or ground
with emulsions
Mass of zinc electrocoated
-------
Table X-39
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no 'discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for' •*
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.0005
.0018
.0003
.0008
.0014
.0002
.0009
.0001
.0005
.0006
BAT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with contact cooling water
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.020
.069
.011
.030
.055
.008
.033
.004
.020
.023
1890
-------
Table X-39 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
'Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
drawn with emulsions
*Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
off-lbs) of zinc
.0022
.0074
.0012
.0032
.0059
.0009
.0035
.0005
.0022
.0024
BAT
Zinc Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast
by the direct chill method
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.019
.065
.010
.028
.052
.008
.031
.004
.019
.021
BAT
Zinc Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1891
-------
Table X-39 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
heat treated
*Chromium .028
*Copper .098
*Cyanide .015
Nickel .042
*Zinc .078
.012
.047
.006
.028
.032
BAT
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatement Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
,033
,114
,018
,049
,091
.013
.054
.007
.033
.037
1892
-------
Table X-39 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.133
.458
.072
.197
.365
.054
.219
.029
.133
.151
BAT
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.0013
.0046
.0007
.0020
.0036
.0005
.0022
.0003
.0013
.0015
1893
-------
Table X-39 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING S.UBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.626
2.170
.338
.930
1.730
.254
1.030
,135
.626
.710
BAT
Zinc Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.009
.031
.005
.013
.024
.004
.015
.002
.009
.010
BAT
Zinc Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1894
-------
Table X-39 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
electrocoated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.085
.293
.046
-.126
.234
.034
.140
.018
.085
.096
1895
-------
Table X-40
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
H
CO
VD
en
Operation
Rol1 ing
Drawing
Extrusion
Swaging
Tube Reducing
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Molten Salt
Sawing or Grinding
Normal ized
BAT Discharge
Waste Stream
Spent neat oi Is
Spent lubricants
Spent lubricants
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent neat oi Is
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Rinsewater
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
1/kkg
0
0
0
237
0
0
34.3
340
888
1,600
3.140
756
0
281
gal/ton
0
0
0
56
0
0
8
81
213
384
753
181
0
67
.9
.23
.5
.4
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Contact cooling water
Rinsewater
321
180
77.0
43.1
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
Mass of zirconium-hafnium heat
treated and subsequently
cooled with water
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
treated with molten salt
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact
cool ing water
Mass of zirconi.um-hafnium
sawed .or ground'and subse-
quently rinsed
-------
Table X-40 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Normalized
BAT Discharge
Operation
Inspection and Testing
Degreasing
Wet Air Pollution Control
Degreasing
Waste Stream
Wastewater
Spent solvents
Slowdown
Rinsewater
J/kkg
15.4
0
0
0
gal/ton
3.70
0
0
0
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
tested
00
\o
-J
-------
Table X-41
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants ; •
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.104
.451
.069
.100
.455
.346
31.600
14.100
6.830
.043
.237
.029
.047
.301
.145
13.900
6.260
3.300
1898
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Swaging Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wascewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wascewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off—kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
heat treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.015
.065
.010
.014
.066
.050
4.570
2.040
.988
.006
.034
.004
.007
, .044
.021
2.010
.906
.477
1899
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.150
.646
.099
.143
.653
.497
45.300
20.300
9.790
.061
.340
.041
.068
.432
.208
19.900
8.980
4.730
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.391
1.690
.258
.373
1.710
1.300
119.000
52.900
25.600
.160
.888
.107
.178
1.130
.542
52.100
23.500
12.400
1900
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline, Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.704
3.D40
.464
.672
3.070
2.340
213.000
95.200
46.100
.288
1.600
.192
.320
2.030
.976
93.800
42.300
22.300
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
1,
5.
380
.970
.911
.320
.030
4.590
419.000
187.000
90.500
1,
6.
.565
3.140
.377
.628
3.990
1.920
184.000
82.900
43.700
1901
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
treated with molten salt
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead .
*Nickel
Zinc
* Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.333
1.440
.219
.318
1.450
1.110
101.000
45.000
21.800
,136
.756
.091
.151
.960
.461
44.300
20.000
10.500
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1902
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.124
.534
.082
.118
.540
.410
37.500
16.700
8.090
.051
.281
.034
.056
.357
.172
16.500
7.420
3.910
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.141
.610
.093
.135
.617
.469
42.800
19.100
9.250
.058
.321
.039
.064
.408
.196
18.800
8.480
4.460
1903
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
zirconium-hafnium rinsed
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.079
.342
.052
.076
.346
.263
24.000
10.700
5.190
.032
.180
.022
.036
.229
.110
10.600
4.750
2.500
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Inspection and Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
tested
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.007
.029
.004
.006
.030
.023
2.050
.917
.444
.003
.015
.002
.003
.020
.009
.903
.407
.214
1904
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of process
wastewater pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Rinse
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1905
-------
Table X-42
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
VD
O
Operation
Metal Powder Production
Tumbling, Burnishing-or
Cleaning
Sawing or Grinding
Sizing
Steam Treatment Wet Air
Pollution Control
Oil-Resin Impregnation
Degreasing
Hot Pressing
Mixing Wet Air Pollution
Control
Waste Stream
Atomization wastewater
Wastewater
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Spent neat oiIs
Spent emulsions
Slowdown
Spent neat oils
Spent solvents
Contact cooling water
Slowdown
Normalized
BAT Discharge
1/kkg
5,040
4,400
0
13.1
1,620
0
14.6
792
0
0
8,800
7,900
gal/ton
1 ,210
1,050
0
4.33
389
0
3.50
190
0
0
2,110
1,890
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of powder produced by
wet atomlzation
Mass of powder metallurgy
parts tumbled, burnished, or
cleaned with watei—based media
Mass of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with
emulsions
Mass of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with
contact cooling water
Mass of powder sized using
emulsions
Mass of powder metallurgy parts
steam treated
Mass of powder cooled with
water after pressing
Mass of powder mixed
-------
Table X-43
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Metal Powders
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg{lb/million off-lbs) of powder
wet atomized
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
2.220
9.580
1.460
2.120
9.680
7.360
32.400
6.050
.907
5.040
.605
1.010
6.400
3.080
16.100
3.080
BAT
Metal Powders
Tumbling, Burnishing, or Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
1.940
8.360
1.280
1.850
8.450
6.430
28.300
5.280
.792
4.400
.528
.880
5.590
2.690
14.100
2.690
1907
-------
Table X-43 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
MaximunrTror
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg lib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with emulsons
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
.008
.034
.005
.008
,035
,026
,117
,022
.003
.018
.002
.004
.023
.011
.058
.011
BAT
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for ~
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
• • — • . _
.713
3.080
.470
.681
3.110
2.370
10.400
1.950
—
.292
1.620
.195
.324
2.060
.988
5.190
.988
• —
1908
-------
Table X-43 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
sized
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
.006
.028
.004
.006
.028
.021
.094
.018
.003
.015
.002
.003
.019
.009
.047
.009
BAT
Metal Powders
Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts steam treated
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
.349
1.510
.230
.333
1.520
1.160
5.090
.951
.143
.792
.095
.159
1.010
.483
2.540
.483
1909
-------
Table X-43 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Metal Powders
Oil-Resin Impregnation Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Metal Powders
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Metal Powders
Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
cooled after pressing
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
3.870
16.700
2.550
3.700
16.900
12.900
56.600
10.600
1.590
8.800
1.060
1.760
11.200
5.370
28.200
5.370
1910
-------
Table X-43 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Metal Powders
Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/irullion off-lbs) of powder
mixed
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
3.480
15.000
2.290
3.320
15.200
11.600
50.800
9.480
1.420
7.900
.948
1.580
10.100
4.820
25.300
4.820
1911
-------
Enulslon Hrejklns
Prrllaliury Tre«t»"ii "*
IK
Clie«lc«l /S
A J Jit Ion \^
\AJUC\
Chronlim
' > Reduction — j
M IIa«u _»
VO Sirc-ins o5
K. Ctironliin Reduction
Waste
Requl
Cyan
Free lp
Prell
iFM
?s^wv>\
CherU\iI
BrtfjXIiii:
*
nova! a( Oil
jnj Cr«J*«
>| Oictilcal /v ^
i AJdltlon / y /N
i * / / ' ' ' L
\ AAAAA A^A^'.A /OC\A,
— Cy«n t Je
T f ^kliMlnc
^ : 1 ^
J Ujsce Streams 1
Preliminary Treatnent Removal ot Oil
and Orcias
S;r"™ Amofll.
r^* S"»
tatloo Stripping
ulnary f
Lmcnc • '
Ifosce Streans
Requiring Anoonla Stein Stripping
Preliminary Tteatne.it
Ctienlcal /v
Wdltlon / )
/WWV^-Al KxVxUV/VJ
PreclpUitloti I
^ -*w^
Sludge
VICUUK FllcnCl
Sltidie Recycle x' ^ C,
M -r- ho
\C~~ '~/
nitrite ^~ '
SluJgc CO Disposal
NOTE: 1) Waste streams which may require specific preliminary treatment are listed
in Table IX-1.
2) Chemical precipitation includes iron coprecipitation when necessary to
remove molybdenum.
Figure X-l ' • . . " ; "
BAT OPTION 1 AND 2 TREATMENT TRAIN FOR THE NONFERROUS METALS FORMING CATEGORY
-------
Chemical Ad.lttio
vo
M
U)
Waste jer«.int!i Squirin
Emu la Ion Breaking
Prttl [minify rro.itmenc
Removal of
Oil and Grease
Chemical
.MJltlon
/VA^A
Chromium
Re Jui-1 Ion
Streams
Requiring
Cliroinlum Reduction
Preliminary Treatment
Precipitation
Freclpltatlmi
Preliminary
Waate Strear
Requiring Ho
mlnary Treatment
Steam
Stripping
Waste Streams
iring Ammonia Steam Stripping
Preliminary Treatment
-*>
/T^
AAXA.
oil
Skimming
*
Cliemlcal
A.Mltlnn /
* /
Removal of Oil
and Grease
'VAyyVA
^ C!ienlc.il
Precipitation
,/
/x
^
v
k^ouv^vj
-•j Sedlmentacion, ••
V^TI'SI^P^P'
Sludge Recycle
SlM,l;e
Multimedia
Filtration
t
R.icln'.nsn •
Vacuum Filtration
VV T
x>
MJ
Filtrate X^^X
•Discharge
NOTE: 1) Waste streams which may require specific preliminary treatment are
listed in Table IX-1.
2) Chemical precipitation includes iron coprecipitation when necessary
to remove molybdenum.
Figure X-2
BAT OPTION 3 TREATMENT TRAIN FOR THE NONFERROUS METALS FORMING CATEGORY
-------
-------
SECTION XI
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The basis for new source performance standards (NSPS) under
Section 306 of the Clean Water Act is the best available demons-
strated technology (BDT). New plants have the opportunity to
design the best and most efficient production processes, and
wastewater treatment technologies. Therefore, NSPS includes
process changes, in-plant controls (including elimination of
wastewater streams), operating procedure changes, and end-of-pipe
treatment technologies to reduce pollution to the maximum extent
possible. This section describes the control technology for
treatment of wastewater from new sources and presents mass
discharge limitations of regulated pollutants for NSPS, based on
the described control technology'.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS
Most wastewater reduction and process changes applicable to a new
source have been considered previously for the BAT options. For
this reason, the three options considered as the basis for the
BAT options in Section X were also considered for NSPS. The
three options are summarized below and presented in greater
detail in Section X.
In summary form, the treatment technologies considered for new
nonferrous metals forming facilities are:
NSPS Option 1 is based on:
Oil skimming,
Lime and settle (chemical precipitation of metals
followed by sedimentation),
pH adjustment; and, where required,
Iron co-precipitation,
Chemical emulsion breaking,
Ammonia steam stripping,
Cyanide removal, and
Hexavalent chromium reduction.
NSPS Option 2 is based on:
NSPS Option 1, plus process wastewater flow
minimization by the following methods:
- Contact cooling water recycle through cooling
towers or holding tanks.
- Air pollution control scrubber liquor recycle.
- Countercurrent cascade rinsing or other water
efficient methods applied to surface treatment
rinses and alkaline cleaning rinses.
- Use of periodic batch discharges or decreased
flow rate for molten salt rinsewater.
1915
-------
- Recycle of equipment cleaning wastewafcer,
tumbling, burnishing and cleaning wastewater,
and other wastewater streams through holding
tanks with suspended solids removal if necessary.
NSPS Option 3 is based on:
NSPS Option 2, plus multimedia filtration at the end
of the NSPS Option 2 treatment train. Plus ion
exchange for the precious metals subcategory.
A more detailed discussion of these options and their applicabil-
ity with each of the 10 subcategories is presented in Section X.
NSPS OPTION SELECTION
EPA is issuing NSPS on the same technology basis as BAT for eight
of the 10 subcategories in the nonferrous metals forming
category. For the magnesium subcategory, EPA is issuing NSPS
based on technology equivalent to BAT technology for that
subcategory with the addition of filtration prior to discharge.
For--trie metal powders subcategory, EPA is issuing NSPS based on":
technology equivalent to BAT technology for that subcategory with
the additional process wastewater flow minimization. As
discussed in Sections IX and X, these technologies are currently
used at plants within this point source category.
EP.A is issuing NSPS based on the application of lime, settle, and
filter with in-process controls to reduce wastewater flows for
the nickel-cobalt, refractory metals, uranium, and zinc forming
subcategories. Filtration has been included in the NSPS model
technology for subcategories because new plants have the opportu-
nity to design the most efficient process water use and waste-
water reduction techniques within their processes, thereby
reducing the size of and cost of filtration equipment. Specifi-
cally, the design of new plants can be based on recycle of
contact cooling water through cooling towers, recycle of air
pollution control scrubber liquor or the use of dry air pollution
control equipment, and use of countercurrent cascade rinsing.
These reductions in water use in turn reduce the cost of waste-
water treatment technologies, including filtration equipment.
For the lead-tin-bismuth, precious metals, titanium, and
zirconium-hafnium forming subcategories, the Agency is issuing
NSPS on the basis of flow reduction, lime, and settle.
The NSPS regulatory flows are the same as the BAT regulatory
flows discussed in Section X with the exception of three waste
streams in the metal powders subcategory. These are tumbling,
burnishing, and cleaning wastewater; steam treatment wet air
pollution control blowdown; and hot pressing contact cooling
water. The NSPS flows for these waste streams are based on
recycle of process wastewater. Opportunities to achieve further
flow reduction of process wastewater do currently exist for these
process waste streams; however, they are not employed at existing
direct discharge facilities. The Agency believes these processes
1916
-------
could be used at new sources.- Further,' a new plant-' has the
opportunity to build into- the plant when it is being constructed
the necessary cooling towers, holding tanks or sedimentation
equipment required to recycle these' streams.-
Table XI-1 presents a summary of the option selected as the basis
for NSPS for each subcategory. •
New sources regardless of whether they are plants with major
modifications or greenfield sites, will have costs that are not
greater than the costs that existing sources would incur in
achieving equivalent pollutant discharge reduction. In fact,
these costs may be less, since retrofitting is unnecessary.
Based on this, the Agency believes that the selected NSPS is
appropriate for both greenfield sites and existing sites undergo-
ing major modifications (e.g., a primary zinc plant which
installs a rolling operation).
Costs and Environmental Benefits of Treatment Options
Costs for an individual new source can be estimated using the
methods described in Section VIII. The Agency has not estimated
total costs or benefits for the category or subcategories since
it is not known how many new nonferrous metals forming plants
will be built.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The Agency has no reason to believe that the pollutants that will
be found in significant quantities in processes within new
sources will be any different than those found in existing
sources. Consequently, pollutants selected for regulation, in
accordance with the rationale of Section VI, are the same ones
for each subcategory that were selected for BAT plus TSS, oil and
grease, and pH. At NSPS, as at BAT, the other metal priority
pollutants considered for regulation will be controlled by
regulation of these selected pollutants.
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The regulatory production normalized flows for NSPS are the same
as the production normalized flows for the selected BAT option
with the exception of three streams in the metal powders subcate-
gory. New plants can design and install recycle systems for
these streams during original plant construction. As such, new
plants would not incur the costs of retrofitting these recycle
systems. The NSPS flow allowance for tumbling, burnishing and
cleaning wastewater is 440 1/kkg (105 gal/ton). The NSPS flow
allowance for steam treatment wet air pollution control blowdown
is 79.2 1/kkg (19.0 gal/ton). The NSPS flow allowance for- hot
pressing contact cooling water is 880 1/kkg (211 gal/ton). These
flows are based on 90 percent flow reduction from BAT flows using
process wastewater flow minimization techniques discussed in
detail in Section X.
1917
-------
The treatment effectiveness for each subcategory is based on the
values presented in Table VII-21 for lime and settle or lime,
settle, and filter treatment. The mass of pollutant allowed to
be discharged per mass of product is calculated by multiplying
the appropriate treatment effectiveness value (one-day maximum
and 10-day average values) (mg/1) by the production normalized
flows (1/kkg). When these calculations are performed, the mass-
based NSPS can be derived for the selected option for each
subcategory. These values are presented for each of the 10
subcategories in Tables XI-2 through XI-11.
1918
-------
Table XI-1
OPTIONS SELECTED AS THE TECHNOLOGY BASES FOR NSPS
Subcategory
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Magnesium Forming
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Precious Metals Forming
Refractory Metals Forming
Titanium Forming
Uranium Forming
Zinc Forming
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Metal Powders
NSPS
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Option 2
Option 3
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Option 2
Option 2
Option 1 - Flow Normalization, Lime and Settle
Option 2 - Flow Reduction, Lime and Settle
Option 3 - Flow Reduction, Lime and Settle, Multimedia Filtration
1919
-------
Table XI-2
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Maximum for
any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.067
.010
.468
.960
.030
.005
.281
.457
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease.
*TSS
.124
.018
.860
1.770
.055
.009
.516
.839
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1920
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SOBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.076
.011
.526
1.080
.034
.005
.316
.513
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.021
.003
.149
.306
.010
.001
.090
.146
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1921
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.413
.061
2.880
5.910
.185
.029
1.730
2.810
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
*Antimony
*Lead
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.158
.023
1.100
2.260
.070
.011
.660
1.070
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1922
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Swaging Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsions
* Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
.0051
.0008
.0354
.0726
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
.0023
.0004
.0213
.0345
times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.0029
.0004
.0200
.0410
.0013
.0002
.0120
.0195
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1923
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.008
.001
.059
.121
.004
.001
.035
.057
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.107
.016
.746
1.530
.048
.007
.448
.728
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1924
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE'STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot-Forming- Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.169
.025
1.180
2.410
.075
.012
.706
1.150
'pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.345
.050
2.400
4.920
.154
.024
1.440
2.340
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1925
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
ing/of f-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.678
.099
4.720
9.680
.302
.047
2.830
4.600
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewat;er
pollutants.
1926
-------
Table XI-3
MAGNESIUM FORMING SOBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.028
.076
9.950
4.440
.005
.746
1.120
.011
.031
4.370
1.970
.746
.895
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium
cooled with water
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.107
.295
38.500
17.200
.019
2.890
4.340
.043
.122
17.000
7.630
2,
3
890
470
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1927
-------
Table XI-3 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
forged
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,0015
.0041
,5320
,2380
,0003
,0399
,0599
.0006
.0017
.2340
.1060
.0399
.0479
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
cast with direct chill methods
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
1.460
4.030
527.000
235.000
.265
39.500
59.300
.593
1.660
232.000
104.000
39.500
47.400
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1928
-------
Table XI-3 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE''STANDARDS
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Aitunonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
: -.173
.476
62.100
27.700
.031
4.660
6.990
.070
.196
27.300
12.300
4.660
5.590
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride .
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.700
1.930
252.000
113.000
.127
18.900
28.400
.284
.794
111.000
49.900
18.900
22.700
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1929
-------
Table XI-3 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
sawed or ground
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.007
.020
2.600
1.160
.001
.195
.293
.003
.008
1.140
.515
.195
.234
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Magnesium Forming ,
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
formed
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.229
.632
82.500
36.900-
.042
6.190
9.290
.093
.260
36.300
16.400
6.190
7.430
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1930
-------
Table Xl-4
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There .shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Pluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.034
.063
.218
.048
.094
.174
10.100
1.700
2.550
.014
.026
.104
.022
.063
.071
4.490
1.700
2.040
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1931
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS ,
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with water
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.015
.028
.097
.021
.042
.077
4.490
.754
1.130
.006
.011
.046
.010
.028
.032
1.990
.754
.905
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1932
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs
drawn with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Pluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range of
) of nickel-cobalt
.019
.035
.122
.027
.053
.097
5.680
.954
1.430
7.5 to 10.0 at all
.008
.014
.058
.012
.035
.040
2.520
.954
1.150
times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1933
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.017
.031
.107
.023
.046
.085
4.950
.832
1.250
.007
.013
.051
.011
.031
.035
2.200
.832
.999
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
extruded
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.046
.086
.297
.065
.128
.237
13.800
2.320
3.480
.019
.035
.142
.030
.086
.098
6.130
2.320
2.790
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1934
-------
Table Xl-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Maximum for
monthly average
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs) of forged nickel-cobalt
cooled with water
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.009
.018
.061
.013
.026
.048
2.820
.474
.711
.004
.007
.029
.006
.018
.020
1.250
.474
.569
'pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1935
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.0008
.0015
.0051
.0011
.0022
.0041
.2380
.0400
.0600
.0003
.0006
.0024
.0005
.0015
.0017
.1060
.0400
.0480
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.037
.069
.240
.052
.103
.191
11.100
1.870
2.810
.015
.028
.114
.024
.069
.079
4.940
1.870
2.250
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1936
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE- STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
metal powder atomized
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.524
.970
3.360
.734
1.440
2.670
156.000
26.200
39,300
.210
.393
1.600
.341
.970
1.100
69.200
26.200
31.500
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
cast with stationary casting methods
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.242
.448
1.550
.339
.666
1.240
72.000
12.100
18.200
.097
.182
.738
.158
.448
.508
32.000
12.100
14.500
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1937
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.187
.346
1.200
.262
.514
.954
55.700
9.350
14.000
.075
.140
.571
.122
.346
.393
24.700
9.350
11.200
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1938
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
..472
.873
3.020
.661
1.300
2.410
141.000
23.600
35.400
.189
.354
1.440
.307
.873
.991
62.300
23.600
28.300
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Ammonia Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with ammonia solution
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.003
.005
.019
.004
.008
.015
.881
.148
,222
.001
.002
.009
.002
.005
.006
.391
.148
.178
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1939
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Pluoride
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.007
.013
.043
.009
.019
.035
2.020
.339
.509
.003
.005
.021
.004
.013
.014
.895
.339
.407
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.047
.086
.298
.065
.128
.238
13.900
2.330
3.500
.019
.035
.142
.030
.086
.098
6.150
2.330
2.800
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1940
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Maximum for
any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with molten salt
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.169
.312
1.080
.237
.464
.861
50.200
8.440
12.700
.068
.127
.515
.110
.312
.355
22.300
8.440
10.100
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
sawed or ground with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.008
.015
.051
.011
.022
.040
2.350
.394
.591
.003
.006
.024
.005
.015
.017
1.040
.394
.473
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1941
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.036
.067
.232
.051
.100
.185
10.800
1.810
2.720
.015
.027
.111
.024
.067
.076
4.780
1.810
2.170
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Steam Cleaning Condensate
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
steam cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.006
.011
.039
.008
.017
.031
1.790
.301
.452
.002
.005
.018
.004
.011
" .013
.795
.301
.361
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1942
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing Wastewater
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cdbalt Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater .
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
tested with dye penetrant methods
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.043
.079
.273
.060
.117
.217
12.700
2.130
3.200
.017
.032
.130
.028
.079
.090
5.630
2.130
2.560
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1943
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/6ff-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.049
.091
.315
.069
.136
.251
14.700
2.460
3.690
.020
.037
.150
.032
.091
.104
6.500
2.460
2.950
*pH. Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1944
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.162
.300
1.040
.227
.446
.826
48.200
8.100
12.200
.065
.122
.494
.106
.300
.340
21.400
8.100
9.720
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
electrocoated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.674
1.250
4.320
.944
,860
,440
201.000
33.700
50.600
1,
3,
.270
.506
2.060
.438
1.250
1.420
89.000
33.700
40.500
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1945
-------
Table XI-5
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
rolled with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.026
.034
.147
.022
.032
.148
.032
.113
1.540
3.160
.012
.014
.077
.009
.015
.098
.013
.047
.925
1.510
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1946
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.016
.021
.090
.014
.020
.091
.020
.069
.950
1.950
.007
.009
.048
.006
.010
.060
.008
.029
.570
.926
«PH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with soap solutions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,0011
,0014
,0059
,0009
,0013
,0060
,0013
,0046
,0624
,1280
.0005
.0006
.0031
.0004
.0006
.0040
.0005
.0019
.0375
.0609
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1947
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average '
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
powder wet atomized
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
2.270
2.940
12.700
1.940
' 2.810
12.800
2.740
9.750
134.000
274.000
1.
1,
,000
,200
6.680
.802 "
1.340-r
8.490 *'
1.140 '
4.080
80.200
130.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
cast by the direct chill method
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.367
.475
2.050
.313
.454
2.080
.443
1.580
21.600
44.300
.162
.195
1.080
.130
.216
1.370
.184
.659
13.000
21.100
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1948
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Maximum for
any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
shot cast
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.125
.162
.698
.107
.154
.705
.151
.536
7.340
15.100
.055
.066
.367
.044
.073
.466
.062
.224
4.410
7.160
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1949
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
by the semi-continuous or continuous method
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.350
.453
1.960
.299
.433
1.980
.423
1.510
20.600
42.300
.155
.186
1.030
.124
.206
1.310
.175
.629
12.400-
20.100
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded precious
metals heat treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.142
.184
.793
.121
.175
.801
.171
.609
8.340
17.100
.063
.075
.417
.050
.083
.530
.071
.255
5.010
8.130
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1950
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
.033
.042
.183
.028
.041
.185
.040
.141
1.930
3.950
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
.015
.017
.096
.012
.019
.123
.016
.059
1.160
1.880
times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.210
.271
1.170
.179
.259
1.180
.253
.900
12.300
25.300
.092
.111
.616
.074
.123
.783
.105
.376
7.390
12.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1951
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium"' r
Chromium
*Copper -..,;:
* Cyanide"
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.020
.026
.114
.017
.025
.115
.025
.088
1.200
2.460
.009
.011
.060
.007
.012
.076
.010
.037
.720
1.170
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.381
.493
2.130
.325
.471
2.150
.459
1.640
22.400
45.900
.168
.202
1.120
.135
.224
1.420
.191
.683
13.500
21.900
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1952
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal cleaned prior to bonding
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.395
.511
2.210
.337
.487
2.230
.476
1.700
23.200
47.600
.174
.209
1.160
.139
.232
1.480
.197
.708
13.900
22.600
«PH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
tumbled or burnished
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.412
.533
2.300
.351
.508
2.330
.496
1.770
24.200
49.600
.182
.218
1.210
.145
.242
1.540
.206
.738
14.500
23.600
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1953
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-IBs) of precidus metaTs"
sawed or ground with emulsions metais
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.032
.041
.178
.027
.039
.180
.038
.137
1.870
3.830
.014
.017
.093
.Cll
.019
.119
.016
.057
1.120
1.820
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1954
-------
Table XI-5 .(Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal pressure bonded
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.028
.037
.159
.024
.035
.161
.034
.122
1.670
3.430
.013
.015
.084
.010
.017
.106
.014
.051
1.000
1.630
*pH
Within the. range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1955
-------
Table XI-6
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite-Based Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
"Chromium
* Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within
.159
.549
.120
.236
.125
.438
.052
25.500
2.160
.193
.043
1.490
4.290
6.440
the range of 7.5 to
.064
.262
.056
.159
.052
.180
11.300
.957
.665
4.290
5.150
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1956
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum.for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.441
1.530
.333
.655
.345
1.220
.143
70.800
5.990
o536
.119
4.140
11.500
17.900
.179
.726
.155
.441
.143
.500
31.400
2.660
*pH
1.850
11.900
14.300
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1957
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory
metals cooled with water
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.012
.041
.009
.018
.009
.033
.004
1.920
.163
.015
.003
.113
.323
.485
.005
.020
.004
.012
.004
.014
.853
.072
.050
.323
.388
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1958
-------
. Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
powder produced
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
.104
.360
.079
.155
.082
.287
.034
16.700
1.420
.127
.028
.978
2,810
4.220
range of 7.5 to
.042
.172
.037
.104
.034
.118
7.420
.627
_ —
.436
2.810
3.370
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1959
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.144
.498
.109
.214
.113
.397
.047
23.200
1.960
.175
.039
1.360
3.890
5.840
.058
.237
.051
. .144
.047
.164
10.300
.868
.603
3.890
4.670
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1960
-------
Table Xl-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
4,
15.
3,
6,
3,
12,
1,
720,
60,
5,
1,
42,
121,
182,
480
500
390
660
510
400
450
000
900
450
210
100
000
000
1,
7 .
1,
820
380
580
«pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
4.480
1.450
5.080
320.000
27.000
18.800
121.000
145.000
at all times
1961
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.124
.428
.094
.184
.097
.341
.040
19.900
1.680
.151
.033
1.160
3.340
5.010
.050
.204
.043
.124
.040
.140
8.820
.745
.518
3.340
4.010
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1962
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Maximum for
monthly average
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
3.020
10.500
2.290
4.490
2.370
8.330
.979
486.000
41.100
3.670
.816
28.400
81.600
123.000
1.230
4.980
1.060
3.020
.979
3.430
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
216.000
18.200
12.700
81.600
97.900
at all times
1963
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for.
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*0il and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
.234
.810
.177
.348
.184
.646
.076
37.700
3.190
.285
.063
2.200
6.330
9.500
range of 7.5 to
• 695;;
.386
.082.
.2.34
. 076
.266
,
16.700
1.410.
• ~~~
.""•.T""
. • ....981
6.330
7.600
10.0 at all time's
. 1964
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tumbled or burnished
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within
.463
1.600
.350
.688
.363
1.280
.150
74.400
6.290
.563
.125
4.350
12.500
18.800
the range of 7.5 to
.188
.763
.163
.463
.150
.525
33.000
2.790
1.940
12.500
15.000
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1965
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.110
.380
.083
.164
.086
.303
.036
17.700
1.500
.134
.030
1.040
2.970
4.460
.045
.181
.039
.110
.036
.125
7.840
.663
.461
2.970
3.570
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1966
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*0il and Grease
*TSS
*pH . Within
.899
3.110
.681
1.340
.705
2.480
.292
145.000
12.200
1.100
.243
8.460
24.300
36.500
the range of 7.5 to
. .365
1.480
.316
.899
.292
1.020
64.200
5.420
3.770
24.300
29.200
10.0 at all times
1967
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.005
.017
.004
.007
.004
.014
.002
.803
.068
.006
.001
.047
.135
.203
.002
.008
.002
.005
.002
.006
. 357
.030
.021
;135
.162
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1968
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.029
.099
.022
.043
.023
.079
.009
4.620
.391
.035
.008
.270
.776
1.170
.012
.047
.010
.029
.009
.033
2.050
.173
.120
.776
.931
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1969
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals.
formed
Chromium .050 .020
*Copper .174 .083
Lead .038 .018
*Nickel .075 .050
Silver .040 .016
Zinc .139 .057
Columbium .016
*Fluoride 8.090 3.590
*Molybdenum .684 .303
Tantalum .061
Vanadium .014
Tungsten .473 .211
*Oil and Grease 1.360 1.360
*TSS 2.040 1.630
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1970
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY:METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs).of refractory metals •
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.128
.442
.097
.190
.100
.352
.041
20.500
1.740
.155
.035
,200
,450
1,
3,
5.180
.052
.211
.045
.128
.041
.145
9.110
.770
.535
3.450
4.140
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
noil nhantrs .
pollutants.
1971
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Pluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.291
1.010
.221
.433
.228
.803
.095
46.800
3.960
.354
.079
,740
,870
2,
7,
11.800
fepH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
.118
.480
.103
.291
.095
.331
20.800
1.760
1.220
7.870
9.450
times
1972
-------
Table XI-7
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of proces%s wastewater
pollutants. •
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
rolled with contact cooling water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.215
.927
.142
.205
.937
.713
65.100
29.100
.459
9.760
20.000
.088
.488
.059
.098
.620
.298
28.600
12.900
.200
5.860
9.520
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1973
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING.'SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE "PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum-for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
. 032
,.137
.021
.030
.138
.105
9.590
4.280
.068
1.440
2.950
.013
.072
.009
.014
.091
.044
4.220
1.900
.030
.863
1.400
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1974
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.078
.338
.052
.075
.342
.260
23.700
10.600
.168
3.560
7.300
.032
.178
.021
.036
.226
.109
10.500
4.700
.073
2.140
3.470
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1975
-------
Table Xl-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of forged titanium
cooled with water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.044
.190
.029
.042
.192
.146
13.300
5.950
.094
2.000
4.100
.018
.100
.012
.020
.127
.061
5.860
2.640
.041
1.200
1.950
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1976
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.018
.076
.012
.017
.077
.058
5.330
2.380
.038
.800
1.640
.007
.040
.005
.008
.051
.024
2.350
1.060
.016
.480
.780
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1977
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS-
Titanium Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.445
1.920
.293
.424
1.940
1.480
135.000
60.100
.950
20.200
41.400
.182
1.010
.121'
.202
1.280
.616
59.200
26.700
.414
'12.100
19.700
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
1978
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SOBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
.mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.0'92
.395
.060
.087
.400
.304
27.700
12.400
.196
4.160
8.530
.038
.208
.025
.042
.264
.127
12.200
5.490
.085
2.500
4.060
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*0il and Grease
*TSS
1,
5,
290
550
.847
1.230
5.610
4.270
389.000
174.000
2.750
58.400
120.000
.526
2.920
.351
.584
,710
,780
171.000
77.100
1.200
35.100
57.000
3,
1,
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1979
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fliioride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.106
.456
.070
.101
.461
.351
32.000
14.300
.226
4.800
9.840
.043
.240
.029
.048
.305
.147
14.100
6.340
.098
2.880
4.680
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zi"nc
*Amm6nia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.122
.525
.080
.116
.530
.403
36.800
16.400
.260
5.520
11.300
.050
.276;
.033
.055
.351'
.169
16.200
7.290
.113
3.310
5.380
•*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1980
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium. Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
treated with molten salt
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.420
1.820
.277
.401
1.840
1.400
128.000
56.800
.898
19.100
39.200
.172
.955
.115
.191
1.210
.583
56.000
25.200
.392
11.500
18.600
Within the range of 7-.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Tumbling Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
tumbled
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.035
.150
.023
.033
.152
.116
10.600
4.700
.074
1.580
3.240
.014
.079
.009
.016
.101
.048
4.630
2.090
.032
.948
1.540
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1981
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.081
.348
.053
.077
.352
.267
24.400
10.900
.172
3.660
7.510
.033
.183
.022
.037
.233
.112
10.700
4.830
.075
2.200
3.570
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1982
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Le"ad
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.210
.905
.138
.200
.914
.695
63.500
28.300
.448
9.520
19.500
.086
.476
.057
.095
.605
.291
27.900
12.600
.195
5.710
9.280
'pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum .for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
•Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.493
2.130
.325
.471
2.150
1.640
149.000
66.700
1.050
22.400
45.900
.202
1.120
.135
.224
1.420
.683
65.700
29.600
.459
13.500
21.900
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1983
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources'
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
formed
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.014
.062
.009
.014
.062
.047
4.320
1.930
.031
.648
1.330
.006
.032
.004
.006
.041
.020
1.900
,856
.013
.389
.632
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be ho discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1984
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
formed
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.094
.407
.062
.090
.411
.313
28.500
12.800
.201
4.280
8.780
.039
.214
.026
.043
.272
.131
12.600
5.6.50
.088
2.570
4.180
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1985
-------
Table XI-8
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
extruded
*Cadmium .007 .003
*Chromium . .013 .005
*Copper .044 .021
*Lead .010 .004
*Nickel .019 .013
Zinc .035 .015
*Fluoride 2.050 .908
*M61ybdenum .173 .077
Uranium .148 .108
*Oil and Grease .344 .344
*TSS .516 .413
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1986
-------
Table XI-8 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded or forged
uranium heat treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.006
.012
.040
.009
.017
.032
1.860
.158
.134
.313
.470
.003
.005
.019
.004
.012
.013
.827
.070
.098'
.313
.376
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.005
.010
.035
.008
.015
.028
1.620
• .137
.117
.272
.408
.002
.004
.017
.'004
.010.
.011
.718
.061
.085
.272
.327
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1987
-------
Table XI-8 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.067
.125
.432
.094
.186
.344
20.100
1.700
1.450
3.370
5.060
.027
.051
.206
.044
.125
.142
8.900
.752
1.050
3.370
4.050
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*0il and Grease
*TSS
,0011
,0021
.0073
,0016
,0031
,0058
,3380
,0286
,0244
,0568
,0852
.0005
.0009
.0035
.0007
.0021
.0024
.1500
.0127
.0178
.0568
.0682
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1988
-------
Table XI-8 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Sawing .or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*0il and Grease
*TSS
.033
.061
.211
.046
.091
.169
9.820
.830
.708
1.650
2.480
.013
.025
.101
.022
.061
.069
4.360
.368
.515
1.650
1.980
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg . (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
uranium rinsed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.0009
.0017
.0060
.0013
.0026
.0048
.2770
.0234
.0200
.0465
.0698
.0004
.0007
.0028
.0006
.0017
.0020
.1230
.0104
.0145
.0465-
.0558
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1989
-------
Table XI-8 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Area Cleaning Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.009
.016
.055
.012
.024
.044
2.550
.216
.184
.429
.644
.003
.006
.026
.006
.016
.018
1.130
.096
.134
.429
.515
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS •
Uranium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1990
-------
Table XI-8 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,0007
,0013
,0045
0010
,0019
0036
,2080
,0176
,0150
,0349
,0524
.0003
.0005
.0021
.0005
.0013
.0015
.0922
.0078
.0109
.0349
.0419
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Drum Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.009
.016
.057
.012
.024
.045
2.640
.223
.190
.443
.665
.004
.007
.027
.006
.016
.019
1.170
.099
.138
.443
.532
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1991
-------
Table XI-8 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Uranium Forming
Laundry
Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/employee-day uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Uranium
Oil and Grease
TSS
5.240
9.700
33.600
7.340
14.400
26.700
1,560.000
132.000
113.000
262.000
393.000
2.100
3.930
16.000
3.410
9.700
11.000
692.000
58.400
81.800
262.000
315.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1992
-------
Table XI-9
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
.0005
.0018
.0003
.0008
.0014
.0139
.0209
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
.0002
.0009
.0001
.0005
.0006
.0139
.0167
times
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with contact cooling water
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.020
.069
.011
.030
.055
.536
.804
.008
.033
.004
.020
.023
.536
.643
kpH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1993
-------
Table XI-9 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
drawn with emulsions
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.0022
.0074
.0012
.0032
.0059
.0580
.0870
.0009
.,0035
.0005
.0022
.0024,
,.0580
.0696
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS : •
Zinc Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast
by the direct chill method
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.019
.065
.010
.028
..052
.505
.758
.008
.031
.004
.019
.021
.505
.606
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1994
-------
Table XI-9 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
, There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS '
Zinc Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
heat treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.028
.098
.015
.042
.078
.763
i.iso
.012
.047
.006
.028
.032
.763
.916
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.033
.114
.018
.049
.091
.887
1.330
.013
.054
.007
.033
.037
.887
1.070
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1995
-------
Table XI-9 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.133
.458
.072
.197
.365
3.580
5.370
.054
.219
.029
.133
.151
3.580
4.300
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.0013
.0046
,0007
.0020
,0036
,0355
,0533
.0005
.0022
.0003
.0013
.0015
.0355
.0426
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1996
-------
Table XI-9 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.626
2.170
.338
.930
1.730
16.900
25.400
.254
1.030
.135
.626
.710
16.900
20.300
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.009
.031
.005
.013
.024
.238
.357
.004
.015
.002
.009
.010
.238
.286
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10..0 at all times
1997
-------
Table XI-9 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Zinc Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/milllon off-lbs) of zinc
electrocoated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.085
.293
.046
.126
.234
2.290
3.440
.034
.140
.018
.085
.096
2.290
2.750
Within the range'of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1998
-------
Table XI-10
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
.104
.451
.069
.100
.455
.346
31.600
14.100
6.830
4.740
9.720
range of 7.5 to
.043
.237
.029
.047
.301
.145
13.900
6.260
3.300
2.850
4.620
10.0 at all times
1999
-------
Table XI-10 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Swaging Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
nollntanhs.
pollutants.
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum fo'r
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
heat treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide. '
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.015
.065
.010
.014
.066
.050
4.570
2.040
.988
.686
1.410
.006
.034
.004
.007
.044
.021
2.010
.906
.477
.412
.669
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
2000
-------
Table XI-10 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,150
,646
,099
,143
,653
,497
,300
20.300
9.790
6.800
14.000
45,
.061
.340
.041
.068
.432
.208
19.900
8.980
4.730
4.080
6.630
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.391
1.690
.258
.373
1.710
1.300
119.000
52.900
25.600
17.800
36.400
.160
.888
.107
.178
1.130
.542
52.100
23.500
12.400
10.700
17.300
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
2001
-------
Table Xl-10 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for.
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium .704 .288
Copper 3.040 1.600
*Cyanide .464 .192
Lead .672 .320
*Nickel 3.070 2.030
Zinc 2.340 .976
*Ammonia ' 213.000 93.800
*Fluoride 95.200 42.300
Zirconium 46.100 22.300
*0il and Grease 32.000 19.200
*TSS 65.600 31.200
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant' or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
1,
5,
380
,970
.911
1.320
6.030
4.590
419.000
187.000
90.500
62.800
129.000
.565
3.140
.377
.628
3.990
1.920
184.000
82.900
43.700
37.700
61.300
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
2002
-------
Table XI-10 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
treated with molten salt
v»
*Chromium .333 , ., '.136
Copper 1.440 " .756
*Cyanide .219 .091
Lead .318 .151
*Nickel 1.450 .960
Zinc 1.110 .461
*Ammonia 101.000 44.300
*Fluoride 45.000 20.000
Zirconium 21.800 10.500
*0il ani Grease 15.100 9.070
*TSS 31.000 14.800
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS .
.124
.534
.082
.118
.540
.410
37.500
16.700
8.090
5.620
11.500
.051
.281
.034
.056
.357
.172
16.500
7.420
3.910
3.370
5.480
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
2003
-------
Table XI-10 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.141
.610
.093
.135
.617
.469
42.800
19.100
9.250
6.420
13.200
.058
.321
.039
.064
.408
.196
18.800
8.480
4.460
3.850
6.260
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
zirconium-hafnium rinsed
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.079
.342
.052
.076
.346
.263
24.000
10.700
5.190
3.600
7.380
.032
.180
.022
.036
.229
.110
10.600
4.750
2.500
2.160
3.510
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
2004
-------
Table XI-10 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Inspection and Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of zirconium-hafnium
tested
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.007
.029
.004
.006
.030
.023
2.050
.917
.444
.308
.632
.003
.015
.002
.003
.020
.009
.903
.407
.214
.185
.301
«PH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS ......
Zircinium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
polltants.
NSPS .
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of process
wastewater pollutants.
NSPS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Rinse
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2005
-------
Table XI-11
METAL POWDERS SDBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Metal Powders
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
wet atomized
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
2.220
9.580
1.460
2.120
9.680
7.360
32.400
6.050
101.000
207.000
.907
5.040
.605
1.010
6.400
3.080
16.100
3.080
60.500
98.300
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Metal Powders
Tumbling, Burnishing, or Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.194
.836
.128
.185
.845
.643
2.830
.528
8.800
18.100
.079
.440
.053
.088
,559
.269
1.410
.269
5.280
8.580
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
2006
-------
Table XI-11 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for,
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with emulsons
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.008
.034
.005
.008
.035
.026
.117
.022
.362
.742
.003
.018
.002
.004
.023
.011
.058
-iOll
.217
.353
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
2007
-------
Table XI-11 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/6ff-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.713
3.080
.470
.681
3.110
2.370
10.400
1.950
32.400
66.400
.292
1.620
.195
.324
2.060
.988
5.190
.988
19.500
31.600
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 tp 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Metal Powders -
Sizing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2008
-------
Table XI-11 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or.
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (>lb/million off-lbs) of powder
sized
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.006
.028
.004
.006
.028
.021
.094
.018
.292
.599
.003
.015
.002
.003
.019
.009
.047
.009
.175
.285
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS •
Metal Powders
Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant' or -••.•:•,,,.::,
pollutant property
Maximum for
atiy~one .day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of powder metallurgy
parts steam treated
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.035
.151
.023
.033
.152
.116
.509
.095
1.590
3.250
.014
.079
.010
'.016
.101
.048
.254
.048
.951
1.550
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
2009
-------
Table XI-11 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Metal Powders
Oil-Resin Impregnation Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Metal Powders
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Metal Powders
Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
cooled after pressing
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
,387
,670
,255
,370
,690
,290
,660
,060
17.600
36.100
1,
1,
5,
1,
.159
.880
.106
.176
1.120
.537
2.820
.537
10.600
17.200
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
2010
-------
Table XI-11 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Metal Powders
Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) .of powder
mixed
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
- 3.480
15.000
2.290
3.320
15.200
11.600
50.800
9.480
158.000
324.000
1,
7,
,420
,900
.948
1.580
10.100
4.820
25.300
4.820
94.800
154.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
2011
-------
-------
SECTION XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
Section 307(b) of the Clean Water Act requires EPA to promulgate
pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). These
standards must be achieved within three years of promulgation.
PSES are designed to prevent the discharges of pollutants which
pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with
the operation of publicly owned treatment works (POTW). The
Clean Water Act of 1977 adds a new dimension by requiring pre-
treatment for pollutants, such as heavy metals, that limit POTW
sludge management alternatives, including the beneficial use of
sludges on agricultural lands. The legislative history of the
1977 Act indicates that pretreatment standards are to be technol-
ogy based, analogous to the best available technology for removal
of priority pollutants.
Section 307(c) of the Act requires EPA to promulgate pretreatment
standards for new sources (PSNS) at the same time that it promul-
gates NSPS. New indirect discharge facilities, like new direct
discharge facilities, have the opportunity to incorporate the
best available demonstrated technologies, including process
changes, in-plant controls, and end-of-pipe treatment technolo-
gies, and to select a plant site that allows installation of an
adequate treatment system.
General Pretreatment Regulations for Existing and New Sources of
Pollutants were published in the Federal Register, Vol. 43, No.
123, Monday, June 26, 1978 and amended on January 28, 1981 (46 PR
9404). They appear in 40 CFR Part 403. These regulations
describe the Agency's overall policy for establishina and enforc-
ing pretreatment standards for new and existing users of a POTW
and delineate the responsibilities and deadlines applicable to
each party in this effort. 40 CFR 403.5{b) outlines prohibited
discharges which apply to all users of a POTW.
This section describes the treatment and control technology for
pretreatment of process wastewaters from existing sources and new
sources, and presents mass discharge limitations of regulated
pollutants for existing and new sources, based on the described
control technology.
INTRODUCTION OF NONFERROUS METALS FORMING WASTEWATER INTO POTW
There are 121 plants in the nonferrous metals forming industry
which discharge to a POTW. The plants that may be affected by
pretreatment standards represent about 77 percent of the nonfer-
rous metals forming plants which discharge wastewater and approx-
imately 36 percent of the entire category.
Pretreatment standards are established to ensure removal of
pollutants which interfere with, pass through, or are otherwise
incompatible with a POTW. A determination of which pollutants
2013
_
-------
may pass through or be incompatible with POTW operations, and
thus be subject to pretreatment standards, depends on the level
of treatment employed by the POTW. In general, more pollutants
will pass through or interfere with a POTW employing primary
treatment (usually physical separation by settling) than one
which has installed secondary treatment (settling plus biological
treatment).
Many of the pollutants contained in nonferrous metals forming
wastewaters are not biodegradable and are, therefore, ineffec-
tively treated by biological treatment systems. Furthermore,
these pollutants have been shown to pass through or interfere
with the normal operations of these systems. Problems associated
with the uncontrolled release of pollutant parameters identified
in nonferrous metals forming process wastewater to POTW were
discussed in Section VI. The discussion covered pass through,
interference, and sludge useability.
The Agency based the selection of pretreatment standards for the
nonferrous metals forming category on the minimization of pass
through of priority pollutants at POTW. For each subcategory,
the Agency compared removal rates for each priority pollutant
limited by BAT to the national average removal rate for that
pollutant at well-operated POTW achieving secondary treatment.
The POTW removal rates were determined through a study conducted
by the Agency at over 40 POTW and a statistical analysis of the
data. (See Fate of Priority Pollutants in Publicly Owned Treat-
ment Works, Final Report, EPA 440/1-82/303, September 1983; and
Determining National Removal Credits for Selected Pollutants for
Publicly Owned Treatment Works, EPA 440/2-82-008, September
1982.) The POTW removal rates of the major priority pollutants
found in nonferrous metals forming wastewater are presented in
Table XII-1.
The national average percentage of the priority metals removed by
a well-operated POTW meeting secondary treatment requirements is
about 50 percent (varying from 20 to 70 percent), whereas the
percentage that can be removed by a nonferrous metals forming
indirect discharger applying the best available technology
economically achievable is about 90 percent. Accordingly, these
pollutants pass through a POTW. Specific percent removals for
the PSES technology are shown in Table XII-2. The pretreatment
options selected provide for significantly more removal of
priority pollutants than would occur if nonferrous metals forming
wastewaters were discharged untreated to POTW. Thus, pretreat-
ment standards will control the discharge of priority pollutants
to POTW and prevent pass-through.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT
The pretreatment options for existing sources and new sources are
identical to the options considered for BAT and NSPS which are
discussed in Sections X and XI of this document.
Treatment technologies and controls employed for the pretreatment
2014
-------
options are:
Pretreatment Option 1 is based on:
Oil skimming,
Lime and settle (chemical precipitation of metals followed
by sedimentation),
pH adjustment; and, where required,
Iron co-precipitation,
Chemical emulsion breaking,
Ammonia steam stripping,
Cyanide removal, and Hexavalent chromium reduction.
Pretreatment Option 2 is based on:
Pretreatment Option 1, plus process wastewater flow minimi-
zation by the following methods:
- Contact cooling water recycle through cooling towers or
holding tanks.
- Air pollution control scrubber liquor recycle.
- Countercurrent cascade rinsing or other water efficient
methods applied to surface treatment rinses and alkaline
cleaning rinses.
- Use of periodic batch discharges or decreased flow rate
for molten salt rinsewater.
- Recycle of equipment cleaning wastewater, tumbling,
burnishing, and cleaning wastewater, and other wastewater
streams through holding tanks with suspended solids
removal, if necessary.
Pretreatment Option 3 is based on:
Pretreatment Option 2, plus multimedia filtration at the end
of the Pretreatment Option 2 treatment train.
PSES AND PSNS OPTION SELECTION
The Agency is promulgating PSES for each of the nonferrous
forming subcategories on the same technology basis as BAT except
for the uranium, zinc, and refractory metals subcategories. The
options selected as the technology basis for PSES and PSNS are
summarized in Table XII-3. In the nonferrous metals forming
category, the Agency has concluded that the regulated metal
priority pollutants, ammonia, fluoride, and molybdenum pass
through the POTW. A study of 40 well-operated POTW with biologi-
cal treatment that are meeting secondary treatment criteria
showed that regulated metals are typically removed at rates
varying from 20 to 70 percent. POTW with only primary treatment
have even lower rates of removal. In contrast, BAT level treat-
ment by nonferrous metals forming industrial facilities can
achieve removals of these pollutants of approximately 90 percent
(see Table XII-2). Thus it is evident that metals from this
category do pass through POTW. Many of the pollutants present in
nonferrous metals forming waste streams, at sufficiently high
2015
-------
concentrations, can also inhibit biodegradation in POTW opera-
tions. In addition, a high concentration of toxic pollutants in
the sludge can limit POTW use of sludge management alternatives,
including the beneficial use of sludges on agricultural lands.
Pass-through and concentration in POTW sludges are discussed in
detail in Section VI for each priority pollutant (organics and
metals) that was considered for regulation under pretreatment
standards.
EPA is excluding the uranium forming subcategory from PSES
because there are no existing indirect dischargers in the uranium
forming subcategory. In addition, EPA is not promulgating any
categorical PSES for zinc forming on the basis of available
information, it appeared that the economic impact of pretreatment
standards based on any available technology option would be
disproportionate for this subcategory. However, these plants are
still subject to the general pretreatment requirements.
PSES for the refractory metals subcategory is promulgated based
on the model end-of-pipe treatment technology of lime and settle
with in-process controls to reduce wastewater flows (Pretreatment
Option 2). The Agency has decided not to include a filter in the
model PSES technology for this subcategory because, based on the
processes at existing refractory metal indirect dischargers, EPA
estimates that 169,000 kg/yr (371,000 lb/yr) of pollutants,
including 250 kg/yr (550 lb/yr) of toxic pollutants, will be
removed after the installation of Option 2 technology at a cost
of $1.54 million in capital investment arid $0.7 million annually
above equipment in place (1982 dollars). The addition of filtra-
tion would only remove an additional 9 kg/yr (20 lb/yr) of toxic
pollutants (approximately 0.4 kg/yr (0.9 lb/yr) of toxic pollu-
tants per plant), while the incremental cost of filters for
refractory metal indirect dischargers is $97,500 in capital
investment and $57,200 in annual costs (1982 dollars). These
costs are significantly greater than the cost that will be
incurred by existing direct dischargers.
Section 307(c) of the Act requires EPA to promulgate pretreatment
standards for new sources (PSNS) at the same time that it promul-
gates NSPS. New indirect dischargers will produce wastes having
the same pass through problems as described for existing dis-
chargers. In selecting the technology basis for PSNS, the Agency
compared the priori'-y pollutant removals achieved by a well-
operated POTW to that achieved by a direct discharger meeting
NSPS. New indirect dischargers, like new direct dischargers,
have the opportunity to incorporate the best available demon-
strated technologies including process changes, in-plant con-
trols, and end-of-pipe treatment technologies, and to select a
plant site that allows installation of an adequate treatment
system.
EPA is promulgating mass-based PSNS for all subcategories to
assure that the identified flow reduction technologies are
considered in new plant designs. In addition, EPA is issuing
PSNS for the zinc forming and uranium forming subcategories for
: 2016
-------
which BAT and NSPS, but not PSES, are promulgated.
The technology basis for the promulgated PSNS is identical to
NSPS. As discussed under PSES, pass through of the regulated
pollutants will occur without adequate pretreatment and, there-
fore, pretreatment standards are required. The Agency did not
identify any economically feasible, demonstrated technology that
removes significantly more pollutants than this technology. The
subcategories which have more stringent requirements for new
sources than for existing sources are magnesium forming, refrac-
tory metals forming, and metal powders.
The Agency believes that compliance costs could be lower for new
sources than the cost estimates for equivalent existing sources,
because production processes can be designed on the basis of
lower flows and there will be no costs associated with retrofit-
ting the in-process controls. Therefore, new sources regardless,
of whether they are plants with major modifications or greenfield
sites, will have costs that are not greater than the costs that
existing sources will incur in achieving equivalent pollutant
discharge reduction. Based on this the Agency believes the PSNS
do not pose a barrier to entry. Therefore, the selected PSNS is
appropriate for both greenfield sites and existing sites undergo-
ing major modifications (e.g., a primary zinc plant which
installs a rolling operation). . * • .
Costs and Environmental Benefits of Treatment Options
As a means of evaluating the economic achievability of each of
these options for PSES, the Agency developed estimates of the
compliance costs and benefits. Estimates of capital and annual
costs for the pretreatment options were prepared for each subcat-
egory as an aid in choosing the best pretreatment , option. The
cost estimates for indirect dischargers are presented in Table
XII-4.
The cost methodology has been described in detail in Section
VIII. The benefit methodology has been described in detail in
Section X. The pollutant reduction benefit estimates for eight
subcategories are presented in Tables XII-5 through XII-12.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The same pollutants selected for regulation at BAT have been
selected for regulation under the pretreatment standards for each
of the eight subcategories regulated under PSES and each of the
10 subcategories regulated under PSNS. The selection process and
pollutants selected for regulation are given in detail in Sec-
tions VI and X.
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
PSES for this category are expressed in terms of mass per unit of
production (mass-based) rather than concentration standards.
Regulation on the basis of concentration is not appropriate for
2017
-------
this category because flow reduction is a significant part of the
model technology for pretreatment. Therefore, the Agency is not
proposing concentration-based pretreatment standards (40 CFR Part
403.6) for this category.
The regulatory production normalized flows for PSES are equiva-
lent to BAT flows. The regulatory production normalized flows
for PSNS are equivalent to the NSPS flows.
The selected PSES and PSNS options for each subcategory are based
on the treatment effectiveness values presented in Table VII-21.
The mass of pollutant allowed to be discharged per mass of
product is calculated by multiplying the appropriate effective-
ness value (one-day maximum and 10-day average values) (mg/1) by
the production normalized flow (1/kkg). The PSES values are
presented for each of the eight subcategories for which PSES are
promulgated in Tables XII-13 through XII-20. The PSNS values are
presented for all 10 subcategories in Tables XII-21 through XII-
30.
Section 307(b)(l) of the Clean Water Act requires that the date
for compliance with PSES be no more than three years from the
regulation's final promulgation date. Few of the 121 indirect
dischargers in this category have installed and are properly
operating the model treatment technologies that are the basis for
PSES. The readjustment of internal processing conditions to
achieve reduced wastewater flows may require further time above
installation of end-of-pipe treatment equipment. Many plants in
this and other industries also will be installing the treatment
equipment suggested as model technologies for this regulation
which may result in delays in engineering, ordering, installing,
and operating this equipment. Under these circumstances, the
Agency believes that three years is the appropriate compliance
deadline under Section 307(b)(l) of the Clean Water Act.
2018
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Table XII-1
POTW REMOVALS OF THE TOXIC POLLUTANTS FOUND
IN NONFERROUS METALS FORMING WASTEWATER
Pollutant
1. Acenapthene
2. Acrolein
4. Benzene
5. Benzidene
6. Carbon Tetrachloride
11. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
13. 1,1-Dichloroethane
15. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
22. p-Chloro-m-Cresol
23. Chloroform
28. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidene
29. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
34. 2,4-Dimethylphenol
35. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
36. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
38. Ethylbenzene
39. Fluoranthene
44. Methylene Chloride
45. Methyl Chloride
51. Chlorodibromomethane
55. Naphthalene
56. Nitrobenzene
57. 2-Nitrophenol
58. 4-Nitrophenol
60. 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
62. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
63. N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64. Pentachlorophenol
65. Phenol
66. Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate
67. Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
68. Di-n-Butyl Phthalate
69. Di-n-Octyl Phthalate
70. Diethyl Phthalate
72. 1,2-Benzanthracene
73. Benzo(a)pyrene
74. 3,4-Benzofluoranthene
76. Chrysene
77. Acenaphthalene
78. Anthracene
79. 1,12-Benzoperylene (Benzo(ghiJperylene)
80. Fluorene
81. Phenanthrene
82. 1,2,5,6-Dibenzanthracene
Percent Removal by
"Secondary POTW
NA :
NA
78
: -NA ' -'•;
...... 50
••" '•• :87' •••-:
- 76
NA
89
: •- 61
NA
80
59
NA
NA
84
NA
58
NA
NA
61
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
59
96
62
59
48
81
50
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
65
83
NA
65
NA
2019
-------
Table XII-1 (Continued)
POTW REMOVALS OF THE TOXIC POLLUTANTS FOUND
IN NONFERROUS METALS FORMING WASTEWATER
Pollutant
83. Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
84. Pyrene
85. Tetrachloroethylene
86. Toluene
87. Trichloroethylene
114. Antimony
115. Arsenic
117. Beryllium
118. Cadmium
hexavalent
trivalent
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Chromium,
Chromium,
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Percent Removal by
Secondary POTW
NA
40
81
90
85
60
65
NA
38
18
NA
58
52
41
48
19
46
66
NA
65
NA = Not Available.
NOTE: This data compiled from Fate of Priority Pollutants in
Publicly Owned Treatment Works, USEPA, EPA No. 440/1-80-
301, October 1980.
2020
-------
Table XII-2 ,:...;
POLLUTANT REMOVAL PERCENTAGES FOR BAT OR ;PSES MODED-TECHNOLOGY BY SUBCATEGORY
ts)
o
NJ
H
Pol lutant
Al uminum
Ammonia
Antimony
Cadmium
Chromium
Columbium
Copper
Cyanide
Fluoride
Hafnium
Gold
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Mol ybdenum
Nickel
Silver
Tantal um
Ti tanium
Tungsten
Uranium
Vanadiuni
Zinc
Zi rconium
POTW
NA
NA
NA
38
65
NA
• 58
52
NA
NA
' NA
NA
48
NA
NA
19
66
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
65
NA
Lead-
Tin-Bismuth
—
57.5 .
—
—
—
—
—
--
—
—
—
99.7
—
—
--
--
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Magnesium
— .
(A) ;.
—
—
100.0
-- -•
—
34:8
—
—
-
100.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
98.9
—
; Nickel-
Cobalt
—
•.;
—
98.5
99.8
; —
97.7
—
97.4
--
—
—
88.8
—
—
99.9
--
—
—
—
—
—
87.5
—
Precious
Metals
,'v'it
"" ™" , C -:
'."
96.9
—
—
93. 1
(A)
00
— •• '
(B)
— : .
- 39.1
— —
— .-
0
72.9
— -.
—
—
-—
—
87.4
—
Refractory
Metals
--
. —
—
— '
.:' • 91.9
99.7
"- 38.'. 1
V .-•*••
95.3
• —- -
• -"-
--
.0
--
99.9
95.5
(C) -;
99.6
. —
100.0 :
—
(B)
9.0
'_
Titanium
—
.'.- .-, (A)
'". '•'_- —
—
86.1
—
: ."" 0
-'.•"•• (A)
99.5
—
—
':
;' .;- 97.6
'•' —
'' :
9
—
—
' 100.0
—
—
—
92. 1
—
Uranium
—
—
::
83.6
94.7
--
78.7
.
—
—
--.
--.
99 . 6
--
--
57.7
.—
—
—
•
99.9
_-.
--
—
Zinc
!.:
'.
0
—
--
(A)
—
—
--
— '
—
—
—
93.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
99.0
—
Zirconium- Metal
Hafnium
—
(A)
—
: —
87.5
—
0
(A)
88.8
(B)
—
. —
(C)
• —
—
(A)
—
—
—
-
—
—
94.2
98.4
Powders
47.5
—
--
—
0
—
93 .4
(A)
—
—
—
97.8
93.2
- —
—
0
—
• —
—
' —
—
—
53.9
—
(A) Removal occurs at specific plants where treatment is applied if necessary, but not across the entire subcategory.
(B) Insufficient data available to calculate raw waste value.
(C) Raw waste value for indirect dischargers is zero.
Note: Uranium and zinc forming subcategory removal percentages are for BAT technology.
Refractory metals forming subcategory removal percentages are for PSES technology.
-------
Table XII-3
OPTIONS SELECTED AS THE MODEL TECHNOLOGY BASES FOR PSES AND PSNS
Subcategory
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Magnesium Forming
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Precious Metals Forming
Refractory Metals Forming
Titanium Forming
Uranium Forming
Zinc Forming
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Metal Powders
PSES
Option 2
Option 2
Option 3
Option 2
Option 2
Option 2
Exempted
Exempted
Option 2
Option 1
PSNS
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Option 2
Option 3
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Option 2
Option 2
Option 1 - Flow Normalization, Lime and Settle
Option 2 - Flow Reduction, Lime and Settle
Option 3 - Flow Reduction, Lime and Settle, Multimedia Filtration
2022
-------
Table Xll-4
CAPITAL AND ANNUAL COST ESTIMATES FOR PSES OPTIONS
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS ($1982)
Subcategory Option 1
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Capital 202,700
Annual 76,700
Magnesium Forming
Capital C
Annual C
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Capital 2f868,800
Annual 1,857,200
Precious Metals Forming
Capital 786,600
Annual 315,900
Refractory Metals Forming
Capital 1,030,200
Annual 537,400
Titanium Forming
Capital 640,800
Annual 309,400
Uranium Forming
Capital NA
Annual NA
Zinc Forming
Capital C
Annual C
Option 2* Option 3**
230,100
88,000
C
C
3,238,700
1,952,000
749,000
323,700
1,436,900
589,100
756,900
348,400
NA
NA
C
C
254,700
106,800
C
C
3,529,500
2,104,300
823,700
372,900
1,535,500
697,200
811,300
381,800
NA
. NA
C
C
2023
-------
Table XII-4 (Continued)
CAPITAL AND ANNUAL COST ESTIMATES FOR PSES OPTIONS
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS ($1982)
Subcategory
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Capital
Annual
Metal Powders
Capital
Annual
Option 1
2,200
2,800
511,800
334,100
Option 2* Option 3**
11,300
4,100
400,900
435,000
12,000
4,400
457,500
490,500
*Total cost to install Option 2 technology.
**Total cost to install Option 3 technology.
C - Confidential.
NA - Not applicable.
2024
-------
Table XII-5
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
o
NJ
U1
Raw
Pollutant Waste
Antimony 7.88
Arsenic 0.13
Beryllium. 0.00
Cadmium 0.03
Chromium 19.00
Copper 2.39
Lead : 177.11
Nickel 2.19
Zinc 1.23
TOTAL TOXIC METALS 209.97
Cyanide * • 0.33
TOTAL TOXICS 210.29
A1uminum 1.52
Ammonia 2.80
Cobalt 97.35
Fluoride 10.15
Iron 14.53
Magnesium 214.36
Manganese 0.95
MoTybdenum 0.23
Tin 0.70
Titanium 0.43
Vanadium 0.38
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS 343.41
TSS 2,582.50
Oi.l and Grease 1,812.01
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS 4,394.51
TOTAL POLLUTANTS 4,948.22
Option 1
Discharged
7
0
0
0
2
2
3
2
1
19
0
19
1
2
1
10
1 1
2
0
0
0
0
0
32
336
280
617
669
.88
. 13
.00
.03 --.
. 36 :•"
.39 •
.37 :.'
.19 '
.23 .
.57 :
.33 ;;
.90
.52
.BO
.40
. 15
.50
.80
.95
.23
.70
.43
.38
.88
.57
.48
.05
.82
Option 1
Removed
0
0
0
0
16
0
173
0
0
190
0
T90
0
0
95
0
3
21 1
0
0
0
0
0
310
2,245
1 .531
3,777
4,278
.00
.00
.00
.00
.65
.00 .
.75
.00
.00
.39
.00'
.39
.00
.00
.95
.00
.03
.55
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.54
.93
.53
.47
.40
Option 2
Discharged
3.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
0.
2.
1 .
10.
0.
10.
1 .
2.
0.
10.
1 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0..
Q.
19.
57.
47.
105.
* 135.
35
13
00
03
40
39
57
19
23
29
33
62
52
80
24
15
96
48
76
23
70
43
38
66
35
79
13
41
Option 2
Removed
4
0
0
0
18
0
176
0
0
199
0
199
0
0
97
0
12
213
0
0
0
0
0
323
2,525
1 ,764
4,289
4,812
.53
.00
.00
.00
.60
.00
.54
.00
.00
.67
.00
,67
.00
.00
. 1 1
.00
.57
.88
.19
.00
.00
.00
.00
.75
. 16
.22
.38
.81
Option 3
Option 3
Discharged Removed
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
7
0
7
1
2
0
10
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
12
47
60
86
.25
. 13
.00
.03
.33
.86
.38
.05
• 1.0
. 14
.33
.47
.52
.80
. 16
. 15
.34
.32
.67
.23
.70
.43
.38
.71
.42
.79
.21
.39
5
0
0
0
'-• 18
o
176
1
0
;-''- 202
0
202
0
0
97
0
13
214
0
0
0
0
0
324
2 , 570
1 ,764
4,334
4,861
.63
.00
.00
.00
.67
.53
.73
. 14
. 13
.83
.00
.83
.00
.00
. 19
.00
. 19
.04
.28
.00
.00
.00
.00
.71
.08
.22
.30
.83
-------
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0
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m
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2026
-------
Table XII-7
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
' Pol lutant
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper'
Lead
Nickel
Thai 1 ium
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
NJ
O Aluminum
M Ammonia
*J Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Mo 1 ybdenum
Ti tanium
Vanadium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oi 1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
7
4
80
92
92
3
8
137
12
1
8
171
272
256
528
793
Raw
Waste
3.04
781 .65
,025.09
, 123.34
175.06
,285.64
0. 14
449.57
,843.46
0.07
,843.53
600.09
,378.83
,597. 1 1
,445.96
,003.50
,388.27
,028.38
344. 1 1
,791 .26
,293.43
,'443.38
,736.80
,371 .60
Option 1
Discharged
1
1
3
3
3
29
1
36
24
20
45
85
3.04
162.31
172.59
, 191 .67
175.06
,520.40
0.14
449.57
,674.77
0.07
,674.85
600.09
,378*.83
102.73
,791 .70
842.39
,388.27
410.92
344. 1 1
,859.05
,655.20
,54'6.00
,201 .20
,735.09
Option 1
Removed
0.00
619.33
6,852.50
2,931.67
0.00
78,765.24
0.00
0.00
89,168.69
0.00
89,168.69
0.00
0.00
8,494.38
107,654.26
1 1 , 161.12
0.00
7,617.46
0.00
134,932.22
247,638.23
235,897.38
483,535.60
7C7.636.51
Option 2
Discharged
3.04
19.37
20.60
142.23
29.43
181 .47
0. 14
80.93
477.20
0.07
477.27
549.32
3,378.83
12.26
3,555.83
100.54
345.77
49.05
344. 1 1
8,335.72
2,942.76
2,452.30
5,395.06
14,208.05
Option 2
Removed
0
762
7,004
3,981
145
80,104
0
368
92,366
0
92,366
50
0
8,584
133,890
1 1 ,902
1 ,042
7,979
0
163,455
269,350
253,991
523,341
779, 163
.00
.27
.49
. 1 1
.63
. 17
.00
.65
.26
.00
.26
.78
.00
,85
. 12
.96
.50
.33
.00
.54
.67
.08
.74
.55
Option 3
Discharged
3
12
17
95
19
53
0
56
257
0
258
365
3,378
8
3,555
68
230
31
230
7,869
637
2,452
3,089
11,217
.04
.02
. 17
.64
.62
.95
. 14
.40
.97
.07
.04
.39
.83
.34
.83
.66
.52
.88
.52
.98
.60
.30
.90
.91
Option 3
Removed
0.00
769.63
7,007.92
4,027.70
155.44
80,231 .69
0.00
393. 17
92,585.49
0.00
92,585.49
.234.70
0.00
8,588.78
133,890. 12
1 1 ,934.84
1 , 157.76
7,996.50
1 13.59
163,921 .29
271 ,655.83
253,991 .08
525,646.91
782, 153.69
-------
Table XII-8
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
N)
O
to
00
Pollutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Z1nc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
•Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
A)umlnum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Tin
Titanium
Vanadium
Raw
Waste
0.07
0.00
23.85
2.55
78.88
1 .84
6.22
0.00
3.43
0.00
24.37
Option 1
Discharged
0.07
0.00
6.87
2.55
50.42
1.84
6.22
0.00
3.43
0.00
24.37
Option 1
Removed
0.00
0.00
16.98
0.00
28.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
C»
Option 2
Discharged
0.07
0.00
0.73
0.78
5.39
1.12
6.22
0.00
0.93
0.00
3.07
Option 2
Removed
0.00
0.00
23.11
1.77
73.49
0.72
0.00
0.00
2.50
0.00
21.31
Option 3
Discharged
0.07
0.00
0.46
0.65
3.62
0.74
2.04
0.00
0.06
0.00
2.14
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
23.39
1.90
75.26
1.09
4. 17
0.00
3.37
0.00
22.23
141.21
48.55
189.76
156.04
15.09
0.11
61 .54
67.21
263.60
11 .96
0.03
1 .31
0.09
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS 576.98
TSS
011 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
95.77
6.09
101.85
45.44
42.47
87.91
18.30
122.90
156.04
15.09
0.11
61 .54
35.64
8.69
11.96
0.03
1.31
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
31.57
254.91
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
290.51
286.48
105.22
471.76
9.79
0.65
18.95
20.82
15.09
0.11
61.54
3.81
0.93
1.49
0.03
1.31
0.09
47.90
170.81
135.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
63.40
262.67
10.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.44
10.23
13.85
15.09
0.11
61 .54
2.60
0.93
1 .30
0.03
1 .21
0.09
96.75
131.42
48.12
179.53
142.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
64.61
262.67
10.65
0.00
0.11
0.00
480.23
7,576.10
3,721 .96
11 .298.07
12,064.81
1,043.22
869.35
1,912.56
2,304.92
6,532.89
2,852.62
9.385.50
9,759.89
111.53
92.95
204.48
328.66
7,464.57
3,629.02
1 1 ,093.59
11 ,736.15
24.17
92.95
117.11
224.09
7,551.94
3,692.02
1 1 , 180.96
1 1 ,840.72
-------
Table XII-9
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr) ,,
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING' SUBCATEGORV ;V;
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
Isj
O
NJ
VO
Po1lutant
Arsenic
Beryl 1ium
Cadmium
Chromi um
Copper
Lead
Nickel
,Si 1 ver
Thai 1ium
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
Aluminum
Ammonia
Cobal t
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesi um
Manganese
Refractory Metals
Titanium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oi1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Raw
Waste
0
0
1
15
8
1
240
0
0
3
270
0
270
559
3
2
4,504
186
0
0
1 10,589
93
1 15,939
52,773
355
53, 129
169,338
Option 1
Di scharged
.00
.00
.38
.07
.81
. 18
.40
.00
.00
.?3
.07
.00
.07
.52
. 1-2'
.58
.30
.58
.00
.00
.90
.53
.53
.67
.69
.36
.97
0.
0,
1 .
15,
8,
1
186
0.
0.
3.
215
0.
215.
513.
3.
2
3,389
105,
0.
0.
592.
29.
4,636.
5,066.
355.
5,421 ,
10,273
,00
.00
.38
.07
.81
. 18
.07
.00
.00
.23
.74
.00
.74
.21
.12
.58
.61
. 10
.00
.00
.70
.69
.02
.29
.69
.98
.75
Option 1 .
Removed
0
; 0
! 0
0
;-. 0
:': 0
4 54
0
•:•' o
. ' o
: 54
j" o
54
46
0
0
1,114
81
0
0
109,997
63
1 1 V,303
47,707
0
47,707
159,065
.00
.00
.00 -
.00 '
.00
.00 .
.33
.00
.00
.00 .
.33
.00
.33
.31
.00
.00
.69
.48
.00
.00
. 19
.84
.51
.38 ';
.00
.38
.22
Opt i on 2.
Di scharged
0.00
:• o . oo
-< 0.60
1 . 22
•'- 5.45
-:; i.m
10.77
0.00
0.00
2.95
;:" 22.17
0.00
22. 17
32.59
3V 12
0.58
210.94
5.96
0.00
0.00
17. 15
1.13
271.48
1 74. 57
103.33
' 277.90
571 .56
Option 2
Removed
0.
o;
0.
13.
3.
. 0.
229V
0.
0.
0.
247.
0.
247.
526.
0.
2.
4,293.
180.
0.
0.
1 10,572.
92.
1 15,668.
52,599.
252.
52,851.
168,767.
00
00
78
85
36
00
64
00 :
00
29
90
00
90 •;<
94
00
00
36
62
00
00
74
39
05
10
36
46
41
: Opti
on 3
Option 3
Discharged Removed
: 0.
0.
: 0.
1 .
:• 4 .
' 1 .
:•>.' 3.
0.
0.
2.
12.
0.
12.
21 .
3.
0.
210.
4.
0.
0.
12.
0.
253.
37.
103.
141 .
407.
00
00
48
02
67
05
20
00 ,
00 '
54;
96
00
96
68
12
43
94
07
00
00
00
95
18
82
33
16
30
0.00
0.00
-.0.90
: 14.05
• :;4 . 1 4
! 0.13
: 237.20
J 0 . 00
0.00
0.70
257. 1 1
0.00
257. 1 1
537. B5
0 . 00
2.15
4,293.36
182.51
0.00
0.00
1 10,577.90
92.58
1 15,686.35
52,735.85
252.36
52,988.20
168,931 .67
-------
Table XII-10
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
to
O
W
O
Pollutant
Arsenic
Cadmlurn
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Thai 11um
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
Aluminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Molybdenum
Tantalum
Titanium
Tungsten
Vanadium
Zirconium
Hafnium
Columblum
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
011 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Raw
Waste
1 .99
0.04
24.99
18.42
209.91
8.36
0.07
171.86
435.63
0.62
436.25
7,183.93
3,542.22
134.47
124,028.77
33,225.34
574.49
0.00
75,702.90
0.00
1 ,630. 12
0.00
0.00
0.00
246,022.24
14,541 .91
871 .33
15,413.24
261,871.73
Option 1
Discharged
1.99
0.04
24.99
18.42
44.88
B.36
0.07
' 123.43
222. 18
0.62
222.80
837.84
3,542.22
18.70
5,423.49
153.35
527.39
0.00
74.81
0.00
527.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
1 1 , 105. 19
4,488.40
871 .33
5,359.74
16,687.72
Option 1
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
165.03
0.00
0.00
48.43
213.45
0.00
213.45
6,346. 10
0.00
115.77
118,605.28
33,071 .98
47.10
0.00
75,628.09
0.00
1,102.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
234,917.05
10,053.51
0.00
10,053.51
245,184.01
Option 2
Discharged
1.99
0.04
3.47
18.42
4.96
8.36
0.07
13.65
50.95
0.62
51.57
92.62
3,542.22
2.07
599.58
16.95
58.30
0.00
8.27
0.00
58.30
0.00
0.. 00
0.00
4, 378,. 33
496.20
413.50
909.71
5,339.60
Option 2
Removed
0.00
0.00
21.52
0.00
204.95
0.00
0.00
158.21
384.68
0.00
384.68
7,091 .31
0.00
132.41
123,429.19
33,208.38
516. 18
0.00
75,694.63
0.00
1 ,571.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
241,643.91
14,045.71
457.83
14,503.54
256,532.13
Option 3
Discharged
1.99
0.04
2.89
16.13
3.31
8.36
0.07
9.51
42.30
0.62
42.91
61.61
3,542.22
1 .41
599.58
11 .58
38.87
0.00
5.38
0.00
38.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
4,299.51
107.51
413.50
521 .01
4,863.44
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
22.10
2.29
206.60
0.00
0.00
162.35
393.34
0.00
393.34
7, 122.32
0.00
133.07
123,429:19
33,213.76
535.62
0.00
75,697.53
0.00
1 ,591 .25
0.00
0.00
0.00
241 ,722.73
14,434.40
457.83
14,892.23
257,008.29
-------
Table XII-11
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
O
CO
Pollutant
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Thai Hum
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
Di chloromethane
Toluene
TOTAL TOXICS
Aluminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Molybdenum
Titanium
Vanadium
Zi rconium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oi1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Raw
Waste
0.00
0.00
0. 16
0.06
0.00
0.10
0.00
1 .21
1 .53
0.02
0.00
0.00
1 .55
1 .42
0.40
0.01
26.89
1.52
0.04
0.00
0.09
93.65
124.03
75.70
898.86
974.56 .
1,100. 14
Option 1
Discharged
0.00
0.00
0. 13
0.06
0.00
0. 10
0.00
0.52
0.82
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.84
1 .42
0.40
0.01
23.04
0.65
0.04
0.00
0.09
1 1 .47
37. 14
19.07
15.89
34.96
72.94
Option 1
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.69
0.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.85
0.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
82. 17
86.89
56.63
882.97
939.60
1 ,027.21
Option 2
Discharged
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.06
0.00
0. 10
0.00
0.07
0.25
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.26
0.47
0.40
0.01
3.01
0.09
0.04
0.00
0.09
1 .50
5.61
2.49
2.08
4.57
10.44
Option 2
Removed
0.00
0.00
0. 14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1 .15
1 .29
0.00
0.00
0.00
1 .29
- 0.96
0.00
0.00
23.88
1 .44
0.00
0.00
0.00
92. 15
1 18.42
73.21
896.78
969.99
1 ,089.70
Option 3
Discharged
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.06
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.05
0. 17
0.01
0.00
0.00
0. 18
0.31
0.40
0.01
3.01
0.06
0.04
0.00
0.09
1 .00
4.92
0.54
2.08
2.62
7.72
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
0. 14
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
1 . 17
1 .36
0.01
0.00
0.00
1 .37
1.11
0.00
0.00
23.88
1 .46
0.00
0.00
0.00
92.65
1 19. 1 1
75. 16
896.78
971 .94
1 ,092.42
-------
Tablo XII-12
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
K)
O
W
to
Pol lutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Thai Hum
Z1nc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Cyanide
TOTAL TOXICS
Aluminum
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Molybdenum
Tin
Titanium
Vanadium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
01 1 and Grease
TOTAL CONVENTI ONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Raw
Waste
0.38
0.61
0.00
1 .88
821 .05
164.50
39.89
0.00
0.00
66.88
1,095.17
3. 13
1,098.30
399.15
15.88
0.01
39.73
1,772.76
74.00
0.57
78.42
30.77
0.32
2,41 1 .62
36,700.58
15,867.35
52.567.93
56,077.86
Option 1
Discharged
0.38
0.61
0.00
•! .88
54 .'25
11 .22
39.89
0.00
0.00
30.86
139.09
3. 13
142.21
209.50
15.88
0.01
39.73
38.35
9.35
0.57
78.42
18.71
0.32
410.84
1 , 122.32
935.27
2,057.58
2,610.64
Option 1
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
766.80
153.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
'36.01
956.09
0.00
956.09
189.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.734.41
64.65
0.00
0.00
12.07
0.00
2,000.78
35,578.26
14,932.09
50,510.35
53,467.22
Option 2
Discharged
0.38
0.61
0.00
1.88
16.24
3.36
20.73
0.00
0.00
9.24
52.44
1.96
54.40
62.74
15.88
0.01
39.73
11.48
2.80
0.57
29.97
5.60
0.32
1 69 . 1 1
336.10
280.08
616.18
839.68
Option 2
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
804.80
161.14
19.17
0.00
0.00
57.64
1 ,042.74
1.17
1 ,043.91
336.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
1 ,761 .28
71.20
0.00
48.46
25.17
0.00
2,242.52
36,364.48
15,587.27
51 ,951 .75
55,238.18
Option 3
Discharged
0.38
0.61
0.00
1.88
10.92
2.24
6.16
0.00
0.00
6.44
28.63
1.32
29.94
41.73
15.88
0.01
39.73
7.84
1.88
0.57
19.89
3.64
0.32
131.49
72.82
280.08
352.90
514.34
Option 3
Removed
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
810.12
162.26
33.73
0.00
0.00
60.44
1 ,066.55
1.81
1,068.36 •
357.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,764.92
72.13
0.00
58.54
27.13
0.00
2,280.13
36,627.76
15.587.27
52,215.03
55,563.52
-------
Table XII-13
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
,067
,010
.030
.005
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum fcr
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
*Antimony
*Lead
,124
,018
.055
.009
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2033
-------
Table XII-13 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
.076
.011
.034
.005
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
*Antimony
*Lead
.021
.003
.010
.001
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
*Antimony
*Lead
,413
,061
.185
.029
2034
-------
Table XII-13 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/of f-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-'tin-bismuth
extruded
*Antimony
*Lead
.158
.023
.070
.011
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Swaging Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
,0051
,0008
.0023
.0004
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
*Antimony
*Lead
,0029
,0004
.0013
.0002
2035
-------
Table XII-13 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
*Antimony
*Lead
.008
.001
.004
.001
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
*Antimony
*Lead
.107
.016
.048
.007
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
*Antimony
*Lead
.169
.025
.075
.012
2036
-------
Table XII-13 (Continued)
LEAD-T-.I-N-.BTSMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
.345
.050
.154
.024
PSES
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bisiruth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
,678
,099
.302
.047
PSES „ ...
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Form-ingt' •' - "
Degreasing Spent Solvents ,
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2037
-------
Table XII-14
MAGNESIUM. FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Magnesium Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.033
.109
9.950
4.440
.007
.013
.046
4.370
1,970
PSES
Magnesium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Magnesium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-fcg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium
cooled with water
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.127
.422
38.500
17.200
.029
.052
.176
17.000
7.630
— • — —
2038
-------
Table XII-14 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SU3CATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Magnesium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
forged
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.0018
.0058
.5320
.2380
..0004
.0007
.0024
.2340
.1060
« •»•»
PSES
Magnesium Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day,
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
cast with direct chill methods
*Chromium
*Zine
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
1.740
5.770
527.000
235.000
.395
.711
2.410
232.000
104.000
2039
-------
Table XII-14 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
* Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.205
.681
62.100
27.700
.047
.084
.284
27.300
12.300
—• — "••
PSES
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.832
2.760
252.000
113.000
.189
.340
1.150
111.000
49.900
2040
-------
Table XII-14 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Magnesium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
sawed or ground
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.009
.029
2.600
1.160
.002
.004
.012
1.140
.515
PSES
Magnesium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Magnesium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/pff^kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
formed
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.273
.904
82.500
36.900
.062
.112
.378
36.300
16.400
2041
-------
Table XII-15
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.034
.063
.218
.048
.094
.174
10.100
.014
.026
.104
.022
.063
.071
4.490
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with water
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.015
.028
.097
.021
.042
.077
4.490
.006
.011
.046
.010
.028
.032
1.990
2042
-------
Table XII-15 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES •
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
drawn with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.019
.035
.122
.027
.053
.097
5.680
.008
.014
.058
.012
.035
.040
2.520
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2043
-------
Table XII-15 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.017
.031
.107
.023
.046
.085
4.950
.007
.013
.051
.011
.031
.035
2.200
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant .property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of nickel-cobalt
extruded
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.046
.086
.297
.065
.128
.237
13.800
.019
.035
.142
.030
.086
.098
6.130
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2044
-------
Table XII-15 (Continued)
.NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one .day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged nickel-cobalt
cooled with water
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.009
.018
.061
.013
.026
.048
2.820
-.004
.007
.029
.006
.018
.020
1.250
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum-, for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged •'-<.* ••••-,-
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.0008
.0015
.0051
.0011
.0022
.0041
.2380
-.00.03
.0006
.0024
.0005
.0015
;ooi7
.1060
2045
-------
Table XII-15 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Press Hydrau-lic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant pr'operty
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum f or .
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/millibn off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.037
.069
.240
.052
.103
.191
11.100
.015
.028
.114
.024
.069
.079
4.940
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
metal powder atomized
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.524
.970
3.360
.734
1.440
2.670
156.000
.210
.393
1.600
.341
.970
1.100
69.200
2046
-------
: Table XII-1.5 (Continued)
' NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming - ' . •
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
cast with stationary casting methods
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
zinc
*Fluofide
.242
.448
1.550
.339
.666
1.240
72.000
.097
.182
.738
.158
.448
.508
32.000
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
2047
-------
Table XII-15 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.187
.346
1.200
.262
.514
.954
55.700
.075
.140
.571
.122
.346
.393
24.700
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.472
.873
3.020
.661
1.300
2.410
141.000
.189
.354
1.440
.307
.873
.991
62.300
2048
-------
Table XII-15(Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Ammonia Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day'
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with ammonia solution
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.003
.005
.019
.004
.008
.015
.881
.001
.002
.009
.002
.005
.006
.391
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) ,of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Coppe r
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.007
.013
.043
.009
.019
.035
2.020
.003
.005
.021
.004
.013
.014
.895
2049
-------
- .. Table XII-15 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.047
.086
.298
.065
.128
.238
13.900
.019
.035
.142
.030
.086
.098
6.150
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million offribs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with molten salt
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.169
.312
1.080
.237
.464
.861
50.200
.068
.127
.515
.110
.312
.355
22.300
2050
-------
• ,.. , ^ .Tattle XII-15 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or;'Grinding Spent .Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant.property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
sawed or ground with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.008
.015
.051
.011
.022
.040
2.350
.003
.006
.024
.005
.015
.017
1.040
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or.Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed , ... . - ... • .',' ,,
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.036
.067
.232
.051
.100
.185
10.800
.015
.027
.111
.024
.067
.076
4.780
2051
-------
Table XII-15 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Steam Cleaning Condensate
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
steam cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.006
.011
.039
.008
.017
.031
1.790
.002
.005
.018
.004
.011
.013
.795
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing wfastewater
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
tested with dye penetrant methods
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.043
.079
.273
.060
.117
.217
12.700
.017
.032
.130
.028
.079
.090
5.630
2052
-------
Table XII-15 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources'
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for'
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.049
.091
.315
.069
.136
.251
14.700
.020
.037
.150
.032
.091
.104
6.500
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.162
.300
1.040
.227
.446
.826
48.200
.065
.122
.494
.106
.300
.340
21.400
2053
-------
Table XII-15 (Continued1)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
electrocoated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.674
1.250
4.320
.944
1.860
3.440
,270
,506
.060
;438
,250
,420
201.000
89.000
2054
-------
Table XII-16
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES-
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any 'one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
rolled with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium .
*Copper
*Cyanide''
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
zinc
.026
.034
.147
.022
.032
.148
.032
.113
.012
.014
.077
.009
.015
.098
.013
.047
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2055
-------
Table XII-16 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.016
.021
.090
.014
.020
.091
.020
.069
.007
.009
.048
.006
.010
.060
.008
.029
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with soap solutions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.0011
.0014
.0059
.0009
.0013
.0060
.0013
.0046
.0005
.0006
.0031
.0004
.0006
.0040
.0005
.0019
2056
-------
Table XII-16 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
powder wet atomized
*Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
2.270
2.940
12.700
1.940
2.810
12.800
2.740
9.750
1.000
1.200
6.680
.802
1.340
8.490
1.140
4.080
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
cast by the direct chill method
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.367
.475
2.050
.313
.454
2.080
.443
1.580
.162
.195
1.080
.130
.216
1.370
.184
.659
2057
-------
Table XII-16 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
shot cast
*Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.125
.162
.698
.107
.154
'.705
.151
.536
.055
.066
,367
.044
.073
,466
.062
.224
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Precious Metals Forming • '• ,•
Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact Cooling
Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
by the semi-continuous or continuous method
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.350
.453
1.960
,299
.433
1.980
.423
1.510
.155
.186
1.030
.124
.206
1.310
.175
.629
2058
-------
Table XII-16 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded precious
metals heat treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.142
.184
.793
.121
.175
.801
.171
.609
.063
.075
.417
.050
.083
.530
.071
.255
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
,033
,042
,183
,028
,041
,185
,040
,141
.015
.017
.096
.012
.019
.123
.016
.059
2059
-------
Table XII-16 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.210
.271
1.170
.179
.259
1.180
.253
.900
.092
.111
.616
.074
.123
.783
.105
.376
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned '
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.020
.026
.114
.017
.025
.115
.025
.088
.009
.011
.060
.007
.012
.076
.010
.037
2060
-------
Table XII-16 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
alkaline
*Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
(Ib/million
cleaned
off-lbs)
2
2
1
of precious
,381
.493
.130
.325
.471
.150
.459
.640
metals
.168
.202
1.120
.135
.224
1.420
.191
.683
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal cleaned prior to bonding
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.395
.511
2.210
.337
.487
2.230
.476
1.700
.174
.209
1.160
.139
.232
1.480
.197
.708
2061
-------
Table XII-16 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
tumbled or burnished
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.412
.533
2.300
.351
.508
2.330
.496
1.770
.182
.218
1.210
.145
.242
1.540
.206
.738
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. ,
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.032
.041
.178
.027
.039
.180
..038
.137
.014
.017
.093
.011
.019
.119
.016
.057
2062
-------
Table XII-16 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
base metal pressure bonded
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
of precious metals
.028
.037
.159
.024
.035
.161
.034
.122
and
.013
.015
.084
.010
.017
.106
.014
.051
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
nollutants.
pollutants.
PSES
Precious Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2063
-------
Table XII-17
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite-Based Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
rolled with emulsions
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
off-lbs) of refractory
.189
.815
.180
.824
.176
.627
.052
25.500
2.840
.193
.043
2.990
metals
.077
.429
.086
.545
.073
.262
11.300
1.470
1.190
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2064
-------
Table XII-17 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
extruded
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
off-lbs) of refractory
.524
2.260 .
.500
2.290
.488
1.740
.143
70.800
7.870
.536
.119
8.280
metals
.214
1.190
.238
1.510
.203
.726
31.400
4.070
— „_
3.310
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2065
-------
Table XII-17 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory
metals cooled with water
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungaten
.014
.061
.014
.062
.013
.047
.004
1.920
.214
.015
.003
.225
,006
,032
,006
,041
,005
,020
,853
,111
,090
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of refractory metals
powder produced
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.124
.534
.118
.540
.115
.410
.034
16.700
1.860
.127
.028
1.960
.051
.281
.056
.357
.048
.172
7.420
.961
.781
2066
-------
Table XII-17 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Water
There shall 'be'no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Refractory* Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
surface treated
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum-
Vanadium
Tungsten
off-lbs) of refractory
.17.1.
.739
,164
.747
' .160
.568
.047
23.200
2.570
. . ' .175
.039
2.710
metals
.070
.389
.078
.494
.066
.237
10.300
1.330
1.080
2067
-------
Table XII-17 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
,': s
Refractory Mer.als Forming
,v«r f,aC"> Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
surface treated
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
off-lbs) of refractory
5.330
23.000
5.080
23.300
4.960
17.700
1.450
720.000
80.000
5.450
1.210
84.200
metals
2.180
12.100
2.420
15.400
2.060
7.380
320.000
41.400
33.700
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
* Copper-
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
^Molybdenum
Tantalum
Yanadiurn
Tungsten
.147
.635
.140
.641
.137
.488
.040
19.900
2.210
.033
2.330
.060
.334
.067
.424
.057
.204
8.820
1.140
.929
2068
-------
Table XII-17 (Continued)
REFRACTORY 'METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT. STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
3.590
15.500
3.430
15.700 '
3.350
11.900
.979
486.000
54.000
3.670
.816
56.800
1.470
8.1.60
1.630
10.400
1.390,
4.980
.
216.000
27.900
22.700
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.279
1.200
.266
1.220
.260
.924
.076
37.700
4.190
! .285
.063
4.410
.114
.633
.127
.804
.108
.386
16.700
2.170
1.760
2069
-------
Table XII-.17 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METAtS FORMING' SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
tumbled or burnished
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluor ide
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
off-lbs) of refractory
.550
2.380
' .525
2 . 4'00
.513
1.830
.'150
74.400
8.260
.563
.125
8.700
metals
.225
1.250
.250
1.590
.213
.763
•
33~.000
4.280
3.480
PSES ' • '•
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.. ...
2070
-------
Table XII-17 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SOBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.131
.565
.125
.570
.122
.434
.036
17.700
1.970
.134
.030
2.070
.054
.297
.059
.377
.051
.181
7.840
1.020
.826
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or ,
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
1.070
4.620
1.020
4.670
.997
3.550
.292
145.000
16.100
1.100
.243
16.900
.438
2.430
.486
3.090
.413
1.480
64.200
8.310
6.760
2071
-------
Table XII-17 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
,006
.026
.006
.026
.006
.020
.002
,803
.089
,006
,001
.094
.002
.014
.003
.017
.002
.008
.357
.046
.038
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.034
.148
.033
.149
.032
.113
.009
4.620
.513
.035
.008
.540
.014
.078
.016
.099
.013
.047
2.050
.266
.216
2072
-------
Table XII-17 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.060
.259
.057
.261
.056
.199
.016
8.090
.899
.061
.014
.94"'
.025
.136
.027
.173
.023
.083
3.590
.465
.378
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.152
.656
.145
.663
.142
.504
.041
20.500
2.280
.155
.035
2.400
.062
.345
.069
.438
.059
.211
9.110
1.180
.959
2073
-------
Table XI1-17 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING,SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Refractory Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.346
1.500
.331
1.510
.323
1.150
.095
46.800
5.200"
.354
.079
5.480.
,142
.787
.158
1.000
.134
.480
20.800
2.6,90
2.190
2074
-------
Table XII-18
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Titanium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Titanium Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
rolled with contact cooling water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.215
.927
.142
.205
.937
.713
65.100
29.100
.459
.088
.488
.059
.098
.620
.298
28.600
12.900
.200
PSES
Titanium Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2075
-------
Table XII-18 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
litanium Forming
Intrusion Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
^Fluoride
Titanium
.032
.137
.021
.030
.138
.105
9.590
4.280
.068
.013
.072
.009
.014
.091
.044
4.220
1.900
.030
PSES
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.078
.338
,052
.075
.342
.260
23.700
10.600
.168
.032
.178
.021
.036
.226
.109
10.500
4.700
.073
2076
-------
Table XII-18 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS, .FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Titanium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. - -
PSES
Titanium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged titanium
cooled with water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.044
.190
.029
.042
.192
.146
13.300
5.950
.094
.018
.100
.012
.020
.127
.061
5.860
2.640
.041
PSES
Titanium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.018
.076
.012
.017
.077
.058
5.330
2.380
.038
.007
.040
.005
.008
..051
.024
2.350
1.060
.016
2077
-------
Table XII-18 (Continued)
'TITANIUM FORMING-' SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Titanium Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one,day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
forged
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
off-lbs) of titanium
.445
1.920
.293
.424
1.940
1.480
135.000
60.100
.950
.182
1.010
.121
.202
1.280
.616
59.200
26.700
.414
PSES
Titanium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Titanium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
2078
-------
Table XII-18 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.092
.395
.060
.087
.400
.304
27.700
12.400
.196
.038
.208
.025
.042
.264
.127
12..200
5.490
.085
PSES
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
1.290
5.550
.847
1.230
5.610
4.270
389.000
174.000
2.750
.526
2.920
.351
.584
3.710
1.780
171.000
77.100
1.200
2079
-------
Table XII-18 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.106
.456
.070
.101
.461
.351
32.000
14.300
.226
.043
.240
.029
.048
.305
.147
14.100
6.340
.098
PSES
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.122
.525
.080
.116
.530
.403
36.800
16.400
.260
.050
.276
.033
.055
.351
.169
16.200
7.290
.113
2080
-------
Table XII-18 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Titanium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Maximum for
any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
treated with molten salt
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.420
1.820
.277
.401
1.840
1.400
128.000
56.800
.898
.172
.955
.115
.191
1.210
.583
56.000
25.200
'.392
PSES
Titanium Forming
Tumbling Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
tumbled
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.035
.150
.023
.033
.152
.116
10.600
4.700
.074
.014
.079
.009
.016
.101
.048
4.630
2.090
.032
2081
-------
Table XII-18 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORKING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Anunonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.081
.348
.053
.077
.352
.267
24.400
10.900
.172
.033
.183
.022
.037
.233
.112
10.700
4.830
.075
PSES
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
- .210
.905
.138
.200
.914
.695
63. 500
28.300
.448
.086
.476
.057
.095
.605
.291
27.900
12.600
.195
2082
-------
Table XI1-18 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Titanium Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any pne day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
,493
2.. 130
.325
.471.
2.150
1.640
149.000
66.700
1.050
.202
1.120
.135
.224
1.420
.683
65.700
29.600
.459
PSES
Titanium Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
formed
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.014
.062
.009
.014
.062
.047
4.320
1.930
.031
.006
.032
.004
.006
.041
.020
1.900
.856
.013
2083
-------
Table XII-18 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
,- RE TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
v.,',;m Forming
doing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Titanium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/ofŁ-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
formed
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.094
.407
.062
.090
.411
.313
28.500
12.800
.201
.039
.214
.026
.043
.272
.131
12.600
5.650
.088
2084
-------
Table XII-19
URANIUM FORMING SUBCAT^Gu-P.V
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SCK^CFS
PSES
Uranium Forming
Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of...uranium.
extruded
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead.
*Nickel
Zinc
*Pluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.007
.013
.044
.010
.019
.035
2.050
.173
.148
.003
.005
.021
.004
.013
.015
.908
'.077
.108
PSES
Uranium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Maximum for
any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded or forged
uranium heat treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.006
.012
.040
.009
.017
.032
1.860
.158
.134
.003
.005
.019
.004
.012
.013
.827
.070
.098
2085
-------
Table XII-19 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.005
.010
.035
.008
.015
.028
1.620
.137
.117
.002
.004
.017
, .004
.010
.011
.718
.061
.085
PSES
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.067
.125
.432
.094
.186
.344
20.100
1.700
1.450
.027
.051
.206
.044
.125
.142
8.900
.752
1.050
2086
-------
Table XII-19 (Continued) .. ....
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Cadmium
*Chromium
* Copper
*Lead ; '
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium '
.0011
.0021
.0073
.0016 •
.0031
.0058
.3380
.0286
.0244
.0005
.0009
.-0035
.0007
.0021
.0024
.1500
.0127
.0178
PSES
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum,for
any one day
Maximum..for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead ;'
*Nickei
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.033
.061
.211
.046
.091
.169
9.820
.830
.708
.013
.025
.101
.022
.061
.069
4.360
.368
.515
2087
-------
Table XII-19 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg7off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
uranium rinsed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.0009
.0017
.0060
.0013
,0026
.0048
.2770
.0234
.0200
.0004
.0007
.0028
.0006
.0017
.0020
.1230
.0104
.0145
PSES
Uranium Forming
Area Cleaning Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel,
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenunr
Uranium
.009
.016
.055
.012
.024
.044
2.550
.216
.184
.003
.006
.026
.006
.016
.018
1,130
.096
.134
2088
-------
Table XII-19 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Uranium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.0007
.0013
.0045
.0010 '
.0019
.0036
.2080
.0176
.0150
.0003
.0005
.0021
.0005
.0013
.0015
.0.922
.0078
.0109
PSES
Uranium Forming
Drum Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.009
.016
.057
.012
.024
.045
2.640
.223
.190
.004
.007
.027
.006
.016
.019
1.170
.099
.138
2089
-------
Table XI-I-19 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Uranium Forming
Laundry Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/employee-day uranium formed
Cadmium
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.005
.010
.034
.007
.014
.027
1.560
.132
='' .113
.190
'.002
.004
.016
.003
.010
.011
.692
.058
.082
.138
2090
-------
Table XII-20
ZINC FORMING SDBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Maximum for
monthly average
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.0005
.0018
.0003
.0008 .
.0014
.0002
.0009
.0001
.0005
.0006
PSES
Zinc Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with contact cooling water
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.020
.069
.011
.030
.055
.008
.033
.004
.020
.023
2091
-------
Table XII-20 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zinc Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
drawn with emulsions
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.0022
.0074
.0012
.0032
.0059
.0009
.0035
.0005
.0022
.0024
PSES
Zinc Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast
by the direct chill method
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.019
.065
.010
.028
.052
.008
.031
.004
.019
.021
2092
-------
Table XII-20 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SLIBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zinc Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
heat treated
*Chromium -
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.028
.098
.015
.042
.078'
.012
.047
.006
.028
.032
PSES
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatement Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
,033
114
018
,049
,091
.013
.054
.007
.033
.037
2093
-------
Table XII-20 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
,133
458
,072
197
,365
.054
.219
.029
.133
.151
PSES
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
,0013
,0046
,0007
0020
0036
.0005
.0022
.0003
.0013
.0015
2094
-------
Table XII-20 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/miliion off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc'
.626
2.170
.338
.930 .
1.730
.254
1.030
.135
.626
.710
PSES
Zinc Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.009
.031
.005
.013
.024
.004
.015
.002
.009
.010
2095
-------
Table XII-20 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zinc Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
electrocoated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.085
.293
.046
.126
.234
.034
.140
.018
.085
.096
2096
-------
Table XI1-21
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.104
.451
.069
.100
.455
.346
31.600
14.100
6.830
.043
.237
.029
.047
.301
.145
13.900
6.260
3.300
2097
-------
Table XII-21 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Swaging Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/mlllion off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
heat treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.015
.065
.010
.014
.066
.050
4.570
2.040
.988
.006
.034
.004
.007
.044
.021
2.010
.'906
.477
2098
-------
Table XI-I-21 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.150
.646
.099
.143
.653
.497
45.300
20.300
9.790
.061
.340
.041
.068
.432
.'208
19.900
8.980
4.730
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.391
1.690
.258
.373
1.710
1.300
119.000
52.900
25.600
.160
.888
.107
.178
1.130
.542
52.100
23.500
12.400
2099
-------
Table XII-21 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.704
3.040
.464
.672
3.070
2.340
213.000
95.200
46.100
.288
1.600
.192
.320
2.030
.976
93.800
42.300
22.300
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
1.380
5.970
.911
1.320
6.030
4.590
419.000
187.000
90.500
.565
3.140
.377
.628
3.990
1.920
184.000
82.900
43.700
2100
-------
Table XII-21 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
treated with molten salt
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.333
1.440 •
.219
.318
1.450
1.110
101.000
45.000
21.800
.136
.756
.091
.151
• .960
.'461
44.300
20.000
10.500
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2101
-------
Table XII-21 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.124
.534
.082
.118
.540
.410
37.500
16.700
8.090
.051
.281
.034
.056
.357
.172
16.500
7.420
3.910
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.141
.610
.093
.135
.617
.469
42.800
19.100
9.250
.058
.321
.039
.064
.408
.196
18.800
8.480
4.460
2102
-------
Table XII-21 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM•FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
zirconium-hafnium rinsed
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.079
.342
.052
.076
.346
.263
24.000
10.700
5.190
.032
.180
.022
.036
-.229
.110
10.600
4.750
,2.500
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Inspection and Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
tested
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.007
.029
.004
.006
.030
.023
2.050
.917
.444
.003
.015
.002
.003
.020
.009
.903
.407
.214
2103
-------
Table XII-21 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of process
wastewater pollutants.
PSES
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Rinse
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2104
-------
Table XII-22
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Metal Powders
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
ing/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
wet atomized
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
2.220
9.580
1.460
2.120 '
9.680
7.360
32.400
6.050
.907
5.040
.605
1.010
6.400
3.080
16.100
3.080
PSES
Metal Powders
Tumbling, Burnishing, or Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
1.940
8.360
1.280
1.850
8.450
6.430
28.300
5.280
.792
4.400
.528
.880
5.590
2.690
14.100
2.690
2105
-------
Table XII-22 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with emulsons
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
.008
.034
.005
.008
.035
.026
.117
.022
.003
.018
.002
.004
.023
.011
.058
.011
PSES
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
.713
3.080
.470
.681
3.110
2.370
10.400
1.950
.292
1.620
.195
.324
2.060
.988
5.190
.988
2106
-------
Table Xl-I-22 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewa'ter
pollutants.
PSES
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day '
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
sized
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
.006
.028
.004
.006
.028
.021
.094
.018
.003
.015
.002
.003
.019
.009
.047
.009
PSES
Metal Powders
Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts steam treated
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
.349
1.510
.230
.333
1.520
1.160
5.090
.951
.143
.792
.095
.159
1.010
.483
2.540
.483
2107
-------
Table XII-22 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
Metal Powders
Oil-Resin Impregnation Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Metal Powders
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSES
Metal Powders
Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
cooled after pressing
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
3.870
16.700
2.550
3.700
16.900
12.900
56.600
10.600
1.590
8.800
1.060
1.760
11.200
5.370
28.200
5.370
2108
-------
Table XII-22 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
PSES
^Metal Powders
•Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or . _ •
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder mixed
Chromium
*Coppe'r
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
3.480
15.000
2.290
3.320
15.200 -
11.600
50.800
9.480
1.420
7.900
.948
1.580
10.100
4.820
25.300
4.820
2109
-------
Table
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
.067
.010
.030
.005
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one aay
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
*Antimony
*Lead
,124
,018
.055
.009
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2110
-------
Table XII-23 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
,076
Oil'
.034
.005
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
*Antimony
*Lead
021
,003
.010
.001
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
*Antimony
*Lead
,413
061
.185
.029
2111
-------
Table XII-23
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
*Antimony
*Lead
,158
,023
.070
.011
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming •
Swaging Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maxirnum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
.0051
.0008
.0023
.0004
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
*Antimony
*Lead
,0029
,0004
.0013
.0002
2112
-------
Table XII-23
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
*Antimony
*Lead
,008
,001
.004
.001
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Maximum for
monthly average
Pollutant cr
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
*Antimony
*Lead
.107
.016
.048
.007
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
*Antimony
*Lead
.169
.025
.075
.012
2113
-------
Table XII-23
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
,345
,050
.154
.024
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollu-ant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
.678
.099
.302
.047
PSNS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2114
-------
Table XII-24
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Magnesium Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
off-lbs) of magnesium
.028
.076 '
9.950
4.440
.005
.011
.031
4.370
1.970
_ __ __
PSNS
Magnesium Forming -
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Magnesium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium
cooled with water
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.107
.295
38.500
17.200
.019
.043
.122
17.000
7.630
2115
-------
Table XII-24 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Magnesium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
forged
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Anunonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
,0015
,0041
,5320
,2380
,0003
.0006
.0017
.2340
.1060
PSNS
Magnesium Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
cast with direct chill methods
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
1.460
4.030
527.000
235.000
.265
.593
1.660
232.000
104.000
2116
-------
Table XII-24 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.173
.476
62.100
27.700
.031
.070
.196
27.300
12.300
— -~ "—
PSNS
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.700
1.930
252.000
113.000
.127
.284
.794
111.000
49.900
2117
-------
Table XII-24 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
?s>:s
Magnesium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
sawed or ground
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.007
.020
2.600
1.160
.001
.003
.008
1.140
.515
PSNS
Magnesium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Magnesium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium
formed
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.229
.632
82.500
36.900
.042
.093
.260
36.300
16.400
2118
-------
Table XII-25
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.034
.063
.218
.048
.094
.174
10.100
.014
.026
.104
.022
.063
.071
4.490
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with water
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.015
.028
.097
.021
.042
.077
4.490
.006
.011
.046
.010
.028
.032
1.990
2119
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
drawn with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.019
.035
.122
.027
.053
.097
5.680
.008
.014
.058
.012
.035
.040
2.520
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2120
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contract
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.017
.031
.107
.023
.046
.085
4.950
.007
.013
.051
.011
.031
.035
2.200
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
extruded
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
.046
.086
.297
.065
.128
.237
13.800
.019
.035
.142
.030
.086
.098
6.130
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2121
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of forged nickel-cobalt
cooled with water
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.009
.018
.061
.013
.026
.048
2.820
.004
.007
.029
.006
.018
.020
1.250
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.0008
.0015
.0051
.0011
.0022
.0041
.2380
.0003
.0006
.0024
.0005
.0015
.0017
.1060
2122
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.037
.069
.240
.052
.103
.191
11.100
.015
.028
.114
.024
.069
.079
4.940
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
metal powder atomized
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel ,
Zinc
*Fluoride
.524
.970
3.360
.734
1.44.0
2.670
156.000
.210
.393
1.600
.341
.970
1.100
69.200
2123
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
cast with stationary casting methods
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.242
.448
1.550
.339
.666
1.240
72.000
.097
.182
.738
.158
.448
.508
32.000
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
2124
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.187
.346
1.200
.262
.514
.954
55.700
.075
.140
.571
.122
.346
.393
24.700
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.472
.873
3.020
.661
1.300
2.410
141.000
.189
.354
1.440
.307
.873
.991
62.300
2125
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Ammonia Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with ammonia solution
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.003
,005
,019
,004
,008
,015
,881
.001
.002
.009
.002
.005
.006
.391
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.007
.013
.043
.009
.019
.035
2.020
.003
.005
.021
.004
.013
.014
.895
2126
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.047
.086
.298
.065
.128
.238
13.900
.019
.035
.142
.030
.086
.098
6.150
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with molten salt
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc.
*Fluoride
.169
.312
1.080
.237
.464
.861
50.200
.068
.127
.515'
.110
.312
.355
22.300
2127
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or t
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
sawed or ground with emulsions
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.008
.015
.051
.011
.022
.040
2.350
.003
.006
.024
.005
.015
.017
1.040
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.036
.067
.232
.051
.100
.185
10.800
.015
.027
.111
.024
.067
.076
4.780
2128
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Steam Cleaning Condensate
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
steam cleaned
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.006
.011
.039
.008
.017
.031
1.790
.002
.005
.018
.004
.011
.013
.795
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing Wastewater
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
tested with dye penetrant methods
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.043
.079
.273
.060
.117
.217
12.700
.017
.032
.130
.028
.079
.090
5.630
2129
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
formed
Cadmium
* Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
(Ib/million
off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
.049
.091
.315
.069
.136
.251
14.700
.020
.037
.150
.032
..091
.104
6.500
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming . > .-•
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewa.ter
pollutants. . • :,
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one .day
Maximum for
mpnthly average
mg/off-kg
formed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
(Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
.162
.300
1.040
.227
.446
.826
48.200
.065
.122
.494
.106
.300
.340
21.400
2130
-------
Table XII-25 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
electrocoated
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.674
1.250
4.320
.944
1.860
3.440
201.000
.270
.506
2.060
.438
1.250
1.420
89.000
2131
-------
Table XI1-26
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
? >
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rug/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
rolled with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.026
.034
.147
.022
.032
.148
.032
.113
.012
.014
.077
.009
.015
.098
.013
.047
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2132
-------
Table XII-26 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
,016
.021
,090
,014
,020
,091
,020
,069
.007
.009
.048
.006
.010
.060
.008
.029
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming .
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with soap solutions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
•Zinc
,0011
,0014
,0059
,0009
,0013
,0060
,0013
,0046
.0005
.0006
.0031
.0004
.0006
.0040
.0005
.0019
2133
-------
Table XII-26 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING 'SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
powder wet atomized
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyahide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
2.270
2.940
12.700
1.940
2.810
12.800
2.740
9.750
1.000
1.200
6.'680
.802
1.340
8.490
1.140
4.080
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
cast by the direct chill method
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.367
.475
2.050
.313
.454
2.080
.443
1.580
.162
! .195
1.080
.130
.216
1.370
.184
.659
2134
-------
Table XII-26 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant 6r
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
shot cast
*Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.125
.162
.698
.107
.154
.705
.151
.536
.055
.066
.367
.044
.073
.466
.062
.224
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
by the semi-continuous or continuous method
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.350
.453
1.960
,299
.433
1.980
.423
1.510
.155
.186
1.030
.124
.206
1.310
.175
.629
2135
-------
Table XII-26 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded precious
metals heat treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.142
.184
.793
.121
.175
.801
.171
.609
.063
.075
.417
.050
.083
.530
.071
.255
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
,033
,042
,183
,028
,041
,185
,040
,141
.015
.017
.096
.012
.019
.123
.016
.059
2136
-------
Table XII-26 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*t,ead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.210
.271
1.170
.179
.259
1.180
.253
.900
.092
.111
.616
.074
.123
.783
.105
.376
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.020
.026
.114
.017
.025
.115
.025
.088
.009
.011
.060
.007
.012
.076
.010
.037
2137
-------
Table XII-2'6 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.381
.493
2.130
.325
.471
2.150
.459
1.640
.168
.202
1.120
.135
.224
1.420
".191
.683
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum.for
any" one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal cleaned prior to bonding
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.395
.511
2.210
.337
.487
2.230
.476
1.700
.174
.209
1.160
.139
.232
1.480
.197
.708
2138
-------
Table XII-26 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
tumbled or burnished
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
.412
.533
2.300
.351
.508
2.330
.496
1.770
.182
.218
1,210
.145
.242
1.540
.206
.738
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/millipn off-lbs) of precious metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
,032
,041
,178
,027
,039
,180
,038
,137
.014
.017
.093
.011
.019
.119
.016
.057
2139
-------
Table XII-26 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
base metal pressure bonded
*Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
of precious metals
.028
.037
.159
.024
.035
.161
.034
.122
and
.013
.015
.084
.010
.017
.106
.014
.051
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Precious Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2140
-------
Table XII-27
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite-Based Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
rolled with emulsions
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
off-lbs) of refractory
.159
.549
.120
.236
.125
.438
.052
25.500
2.160
.193
.043
1.490
metals
.064
.262
.056
.159
.052
.180
:-
11.300
.957
.665
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2141
-------
Table XII-27 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.441
1.530
.333
.655
.345
1.220
.143
70.800
5.990
.536
.119
4.140
.179
.726
.155
.441
.143
.500
31.400
2.660
1.850
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2142
-------
Table XII-27 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory
metals cooled with water
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.012
.041
.009
.018
.009
.033
.004
1.920
.163
.015
.003
.113
.005
.020
.004
.012
.004
.014
.853
.072
.050
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
powder produced
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.104
.360
.079
.155
.082
.287
.034
16.700
1.420
.127
.028
.978
.042
.172
.037
.104
.034
.118
7.420
.627
.436
2143
-------
Table XII-27 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS'
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off*-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.144
.498
.109
.214
.113
.397
.047
23.200
1.960
.175
.039
1.360
.058
.237
.051
.144
.047
.164
10.300
.868
— • —
.603
2144
-------
Table XII-27 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
4.480
15.500
3.390
6.660 '
3.510
12.400
1.450
720.000
60.900
5.450
1.210
42.100
1.820
7.380
1.580
4.480
1.450
5.080
320.000
27.000
18.800
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.124
.428
.094
.184
.097
.341
.040
19.900
1.680
.151
.033
1.160
.050
.204
.043
.124
.040
.140
8.820
.745
.518
2145
-------
Table XII-27 (Continued)
REFRACTORY" METALS FORMING SUBCATEGQRY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Flupride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
3.020
10.500
2.290
4.490
2.370
8.330
.979
486.000
41.100
3.670
.816
28.400
1.230
4.980
1.060
3.020
.979
3.430
216.000
18.200
12.700
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or .
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
' Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.234
.810
.177
.348
.184
.646
.076
37.700
3.190
.285
.063
2.200
.095
.386
.082
.234
.076
.266
16.700
1.410
.981
2146
-------
Table XII-27 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
JPRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR . NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Tumbling or furnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant•property
Maximum for
any one day
'Maximum for«, --^ ,
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
tumbled or burnished
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
off-lbs) of refractory
.463
1.600
.350
.688
.363
1.280
.150
74. .400
6.290
.563
.125
4.350
metals
.188
.763
.163
.463
.150
.525
_- —
33.000
2.790
1.940
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process, wastewater
pollutants.
2147
-------
Table XII-27 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.110
.380
.083
.164
.086
.303
.036
17.700
1.500
.134
.030
1.040
.045
.181
.039
.110
.036
.125
7.840
.663
.461
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.899
3.110
.681
1.340
.705
2.480
.292
145.000
12.200
1.100
.243
8.460
.365
1.480
.316
.899
.292
1.020
64.200
5.420
3.770
2148
-------
Table XII-27 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.005
.017
.004
.007
.004
.014
.002
.803
.068
.006
.001
.047
.002
.008
.002
.005
.002
.006
.357
.030
.021
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
.monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.029
.099
.022
.043
.023
,079
.009
4.620
.391
.035
.008
.270
.012
.047
.010
.029
.009
.033
2.050
.173
.120
2149
-------
Table XII-27 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS,FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly, average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals -
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.050
•"1174
.038
.075
.040
.139
.016
8.090
.684
.061
.014
.473
.020
^083
.018
.050
.016
.057
3.590
.303
.211
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater, Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one .day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Columbium
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Tantalum
Vanadium
Tungsten
.128
.442
.097
.190
.100
.352
.041
20.500
1.740
.155
.035'
1.200
.052
- ..211.
.045
.128
.041
.145
9.110
.770
.535
2150
-------
Table XII-27 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Refractory Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
*Nic'
-------
Table XII-28
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/raillion off-lbs) of titanium
rolled with contact cooling water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.215
.927
.142
.205
.937
.713
65.100
29.100
.459
.088
.488
.059
.098
.620
.298
28.600
12.900
.200
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater.
pollutants.
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Extrusion .Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2152
-------
Table XII-28 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of titanium
extruded with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.032
.137
.021
.030
.138
.105
9.590
4.280
.068
.013
.072
.009
.014
.091
.044
4.220
1.900
.030
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.078
.338
.052
.075
.342
.260
23.700
10.600
.168
.032
.178
.021
.036
.226
.109
10.500
4.700
.073
2153
-------
• Table XII-28 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants-.
PSNS ' .
Titanium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged titanium
cooled with water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.044
.190
.029
.042
.192
.146
13.300
5.950
.094
.018
.100
.012
.020
.127
.061
5.860
2.640
.041
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.018
.076
.012
.017
.077
.058
5.330
2.380
.038
.007
.040
.005
.008
.051
.024
2.350
1.060
.016
2154
-------
Table XII-28 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
forged
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
(Ib/million off-lbs)
1
1
1
135
60
of titanium
.445
.920
.293
.424
.940
.480
.000
.100
.950
.182
1.010
.121
.202
1.280
.616
59.200
26.700
.414
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge -of
process wastewater pollutants.
2155
-------
Table XII-28 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.092
.395
.060
.087
.400
.304
27.700
12.400
.196
.038
.208
.025
.042
.264
.127
12.200
5.490
.085
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
1.290
5.550
.847
1.230
5.610
4.270
389.000
174.000
2.750
.526
2.920
.351
.584
3.710
1.780
171.000
77.100
1.200
2156
-------
Table XII-28 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.106
.456
.070
.101
.461
.351
32.000
14.300
.226
.043
.240
.029
.048
.305
.147
14.100
6.340
.098
PSNS
Titanium Forming
.Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Coppe r
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.122
.525
.080
.116
.530
.403
36.800
16.400
.260
.050
.276
.033
.055
.351
.169
16.200
7.290
.113
2157
-------
Table XiI-28 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
treated with molten salt
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.420
1.820
.277
.401
1.840
1.400
128.000
56.800
.898
.172
.955
.115
.191
1.210
.583
56.000
25.200
.392
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Tumbling Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
tumbled
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.035
.150
.023
.033
.152
.116
10.600
4.700
.074
.014
,079
.009
,016
.101
.048
4.630
2.090
.032
2158
-------
Table XII-28 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wascewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Sawing, or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/Qff-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.081
.348
.053
.077
.352
.267
24.400
10.900
.172
.033
.183
.022
.037
.233
.112
10.700
4.830
.075
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
..210
.905
..138
.200
.914
.695
63.500
28.300
.448
.086
.476
.057
.095
.605
.291
27.900
12.600
.195
2159
-------
Table XII-28 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.493
2.130
.325
.471
2.150
1.640
149.000
66.700
1.050
.202
1.120
.135
.224
1.420
.683
65,700
29.600
.459
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Soujrces
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
formed
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.014
.062
.009
.014
.062
.047
4.320
1.930
.031
.006
.032
.004
.006
.041
.020
1.900
.856
.013
2160
-------
Table XII-28 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Titanium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
formed
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Titanium
.094
.407
.062
.090
.411
.313
28.500
12.800
.201
.039
.214
.026
.043
.272
.131
12.600
5.650
.088
2161
-------
Table XII-29
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Uranium
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Uranium
Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
extruded
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.007
.013
.044
.010
.019
.035
2.050
.173
.148
.003
.005
.021
.004
.013
.015
.908
.077
.108
PSNS
Uranium
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2162
-------
Table XII-29 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Uranium
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum.for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded or forged
uranium heat treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.006
.012
.040
.009
.017
.032
1.860
.158
.134
.003
.005
.019
.004
.012
.013
.827
.070
.098
PSNS
Uranium
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.005
.010
.035
.008
.015
.028
1.620
.137
.117
.002
.004
.017
.004
.010
,011
.718
.061
.085
2163
-------
Table XII-29 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Uranium
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.067
.125
.432
.094
.186
.344
20.100
1.700
1.450
.027
.051
.206
.044
.125
.142
8.900
.752
1.050
PSNS
Uranium
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with emulsions
* Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.0011
.0021
.0073
.0016
.0031
.0058
.3380
.0286
.0244
.0005
.0009
.0035
.0007
.0021
.0024
.1500
.0127
.0178
2164
-------
Table XlI-29 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Uranium
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.033
.061
.211
.046
.091
.169
9.820
.830
.708
.013
.025
.101
.022
.061
.069
4.360
.368
.515
PSNS
Uranium
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
uranium rinsed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.0009
.0017
.0060
.0013
.0026
.0048
.2770
.0234
.0200
.0004
.0007
.0028
.0006
.0017
.0020
.1230
.0104
.0145
2165
-------
Table XII-29 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Uranium
Area Cleaning Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
*Chromiura
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.009
.016
.055
.012
.024
.044
2.550
.216
.184
.003
.006
.026
.006
.016
.018
1.130
.096
.134
PSNS
Uranium
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wast-ewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Uranium
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
,0007
.0013
,0045
,0010
.0019
.0036
.2080
.0176
.0150
.0003
.0005
.0021
.0005
.0013
.0015
.0922
.0078
.0109
2166
-------
Table XII-29 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Uranium
Drum Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
*Chromium
*Copper
*Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
*Molybdenum
Uranium
.009
.016
.057
.012
.024
.045
2.640
.223
.190
.004
.007
.027
.006
.016
.019
1.170
.099
.138
PSNS
Uranium
Laundry Washwater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/employee-day uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Uranium
5.240
9.700
33.600
7.340
14.400
26.700
1,560.000
132.000
113.000
2.100
3.930
16.000
3.410
9.700
11.000
692.000
58.400
81.800
2167
-------
Table XII-30
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.0005
.0018
.0003
.0008
.0014
.0002
.0009
.0001
.0005
.0006
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Rolling. Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with contact cooling water
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.020
.069
.011
.030
.055
.008
.033
.004
.020
.023
2168
-------
Table XII-30 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or •
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/of f-kg (Ib/million
drawn with emulsions
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
off-lbs) of zinc
.0022
.0074
.0012
.0032
.0059
.0009
.0035
.0005
.0022
.-0024
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-k'g (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast
by the direct chill method
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.019
.065
.010
.028
.052
.008
.031
.004
.019
.021
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2169
-------
Table XII-30 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
heat treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
,028
,098
,015
,042
,078
.012
.047
.006
.028
.032
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatement Spent Baths
Pollutant,or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
,033
,114
,018
,049
,091
.013
.054
.007
.033
.037
2170
-------
Table XII-30 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
,133
,458
,072
,197
,365
.054
.219
. .029
.133
.151
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
,0013
,0046
0007
0020
,0036
.0005
.0022
.0003
.0013
.0015
2171
-------
Table XII-30 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.626
2.170
.338
.930
1.730
.254
1.030
.135
.626
.710
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
*Copper •
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.009
.031
.005
.013
.024
.004
.015
.002
.009
.010
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2172
-------
Table XII-30 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zinc Forming
Electrocoatirig Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc
electrocoated 9
*Chro_mium
*Copp*er
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
.085
.293
.,046
.126
.234
.034
.140
.018
.085
.096
2173
-------
Table XII-31
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
A.
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
extruded
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
off-lbs) of
.104
.451
.069
.100
.455
.346
31.600
14.100
6.830
zirconium-hafnium
.043
.237
.029
.047
.301
.145
13.900
6.260
3.300
2174
-------
Table XII-31 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Swaging Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
heat treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.015
.065
.010
.014
.066
.050
4.570
2.040
.988
.006
.034
.004
.007
..044
.021
2.010
.906
.477
2175
-------
Table XII-31 (Continued)"
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.150
.646
.099
.143
.653
.497
45.300
20.300
9.790
.061
.340
.041
.068
.432
.208
19.900
8.980
4.730
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum tor
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.391
1.690
.258
.373
1.710
1.300
119.000
52.900
25.600
.160
.888
.107
.178
1.130
.542.
52.100
23.500
12.400
-------
Table XII-31 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS ; '
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/milliqn off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
* Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Anunonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.704
3.040
.464
.672
3.070
2.340
213.000
95.200
46.100
.288
1.600
.192
'.320
2.030
.976
93.800
42.300
22.300
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
1,
5,
,380
,970
.911
1.320
6.030
4.590
419.000
187.000
90.500
.565
3.140
.377
.628
3.990
1.920
184.000
82.900
43.700
2177
-------
Table XII-31 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
treated with molten salt
* Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.333
1.440
.219
.318
1.450
1.110
101.000
45.000
21.800
.136
.756
.091
.151
.960
.461
44.300
20.000
10.500
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
2178
-------
Table XII-31 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.124
.534
.082
.118
.540
.410
37.500
16.700
8.090
.051
.281
-.034
.056
.357
.172
16.500
7.420
3.910
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.141
.610
.093
.135
.617
.469
42.800
19.100
9.250
.058
.321
.039
.064
.408
.196
18.800
8.480
4.460
2179
-------
Table XII-31 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
zirconium-hafnium rinsed
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Pluoride
Zirconium
.079
.342
.052
.076
.346
.263
24.000
10.700
5.190
.032
.180
.022
.036
.229
.110
10.600
4.750
2.500
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Inspection and Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum tor
monthly average
mg/off-kg(Ib/million off-lbs)of zirconium-hafnium
tested
*Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Zirconium
.007
.029
.004
.006
.030
.023
2.050
.917
.444
.003
.015
.002
.003
.020
.009
.903
.407
.214
2180
-------
Table XII-31 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of process
wastewater pollutants.
PSNS
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Rinse
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
r>r>1 1 iif-ant-!=! _
pollutants.
2181
-------
Table XII-32
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Metal Powders
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
wet atomized
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
2.220
9.580
1.460
2.120
9.680
7.360
32.400
6.050
.907
5.040
.605
1.010
6.400
3.080
16.100
3.080
PSNS
Metal Powders
Tumbling, Burnishing, or Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
.194
.836
.128
.185
.845
.643
2.830
.528
.079
.440
.053
.088
.559
.269
1.410
.269
2182
-------
Table XII-32 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with emulsons
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
.008
.034
.005
.008
.035
.026
.117
.022
.003
.018
.002
.004
.023
.011
.058
.011
PSNS
Metal Powders
Sawing .or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
.713
3.080
.470
.681
3.110
2.370
10.400
1.950
.292
1.620
.195
.324
2,060
.988
5.190
2183
-------
Table XII-32 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
sized
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc •
Aluminum
Iron
.006
.028
.004
.006
.028
.021
.094
.018
.003
.015
.002
.003
.019
.009
.047
.009
PSNS
Metal Powders
Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts steam treated
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
.035
.151
.023
.033
.152
.116
.509
.095
.014
.079
.010
.016
.101
.048
.254
.048
2184
-------
Table XII-32 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Metal Powders
Oil-Resin Impregnation Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Metal Powders
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
PSNS
Metal Powders
Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder
cooled after pressing
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
,387
,670
,255
,370
,690
,290
,660
1.060
.159
.880
.106
.176
1.120
.537
2.820
.537
2185
-------
Table XII-32 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
PSNS
Metal Powders
Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant, or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of jpowder
mixed
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
3.480
15.000
2.290
3.320
15.200
11.600
50.800
9.480
1.420
7.900
.948
1.580
10.100
4.820
25.300
4.820
2186
-------
SECTION XIII
BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
The 1977 amendments to the Clean Water Act added Section
301(b)(2)(E), establishing "best conventional pollutant control
technology" (BCT) for discharge of conventional pollutants from
existing industrial point sources. Biological oxygen-demand
(BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), fecal coliform, oil and
grease (O&G), and pH are considered by EPA to be conventional
pollutants (see 44 FR 50732, August 29, 1979).
BCT is not an additional limitation but replaces BAT for the
control of conventional poilutants. In addition to other factors
specified in Section 304(b)(4)(B), the Act requires that BCT
limitations be assessed in light of a two-part "cost-
reasonableness" test (American Paper Institute v. EPA, 660 F.2d
954 (4th Cir. 1981)). The first test compares the cost for
private industry to reduce its conventional pollutants with the
costs to publicly owned treatment works for similar levels of
reduction in their discharge of these pollutants. The second
test examines the cost-effectiveness of additional industrial
treatment beyond BPT. EPA must find that limitations are
"reasonable" under both tests before establishing them as BCT.
In no case may BCT be less stringent than BPT.
EPA published its methodology for carrying out the BCT analysis
on August 29, 1979 (44 FR 50732). In the case mentioned above,
the Court of Appeals ordered EPA to correct data errors underly-
ing EPA's calculation of the first test, and to apply the second
cost test. (EPA argued that a second cost test was not
required.) On October 29, 1982, the Agency proposed a revised
BCT methodology (47 FR 49176). On September 20, 1984, EPA
published a notice of availability of new data for comment (49 FR
37046). EPA is deferring issuance of BCT limitations for the
nonferrous metals forming category until the revised methodology
can be applied to the technologies available for the control of
conventional pollutants in the nonferrous me.tals forming
category.
2187
-------
-------
SECTION XIV
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The initial drafts of this document were prepared by Radian Corp.
under Contract No. 68-01-6529. The document has been checked and
revised at the specific direction of EPA personnel by Radian
Corp. under Contract No. 68-01-6999.
The initial field sampling programs were conducted under
leadership of Michael Zapkin of Radian. Some field samples were
collected by Sverdrup & Parcel and Assoc. under the direction of
Garry Aronberg under Contract No. 68-01-4408. Preparation and
writing of the initial drafts of this document were accomplished
by James Sherman, Program Manager, Mark Hereth, Project Director,
Michael Zapkin, Task Leader, Marc Papai, Betsy Bicknell, Jeanne
Holmes, Jill Myerson, and John Kovacic of Radia.n. Subsequent
revisions to this document and field sampling programs after
proposal were conducted under the leadership of Betsy Bicknell
and Mark Hereth. Additional people who contributed in specific
assignments throughout this project include Robert Eng, Matthew
Phillips, Lori Stoll, Patrick Murphy, Tom Emmel, Barbara Lee, Tom
Grome, John Collins, Gwen DuPoix, Carol Jamgochian, Carol
Thompson, Gwen Ecklund, and Laurie Morgan.
The project was conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency,
Ernst P. Hall, Chief, Metals Industries Branch. The technical
project officer is Janet K. Goodwin, previous project officer was
Thomas E. Fielding. The project's legal advisor is Margaret
Silver, previous legal advisor who contributed to this project
was Jill Waller. The economic project officer is Joseph Yance.
Environmental evaluations were performed by Rod Frederick and
Alexandra Tarnay with the Monitoring and Data Support Division.
Statistical evaluations were performed by Henry Kahn, Barnes
Johnson, Russ Roegner, and Matthew Hnatov with the Analysis and
Evaluation Branch.
The cooperation and assistance of numerous individual
corporations was provided during the course of this study. The
numerous company and plant personnel who submitted information,
cooperated with plant visits and otherwise provided information
and data are acknowledged and thanked for their help.
Acknowledgment and appreciation is also given to the secretarial
staffs of Radian Corporation and the Industrial Technology
Division for their efforts in the typing of drafts, necessary
revisions, and preparation of this effluent guidelines document.
2189
-------
-------
SECTION XV
GLOSSARY
This section is an aplhabetical listing of technical terms (with
definitions) used in this document which may not be familiar to
the reader.
4-AAP Colorimetrie Method
An analytical method for total aqueous solutions to react with
hydroxyl ions. Measured by titration with a standard solution of
a base to a specified end point. Usually expressed as milligrams
per liter of calcium carbonate.
Acidity
The quantitative capacity of aqueous solutions to, react with
hydroxyl ions. Measured by titration with a standard solution of
a base to a specified end point. Usually expressed as milligrams
per liter of calcium carbonate.
The Act
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977 (PL 92-500).
1972 as
A change in the properties of certain metals and alloys that
occurs at ambient or heat treatment (quench aging in ferrous
alloys/ natural or artifical aging in ferrous and nonferrous
alloys) or after a cold working operation (strain aging). The
change in properties is often due to a phase change
(precipitation), but never involves a change in chemical
composition of the metal or alloy.
Alkaline Cleaning
A process in which a solution, usually detergent, is used to
remove lard, oil, and other such compounds from a metal surface.
Alkalinity
The capacity of water to neutralize acids, a property imparted by
the water's content of carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides, and
occasionally borates, silicates, and phosphates. It is measured
by titration with a standardized acid to a specified end point,
and is usually reported in milligrams per liter of calcium
carbonate.
2191
-------
A substance having metallic properties and being composed of two
or more chemical elements of which at least one is an elemental
metal.
Amortization
The allocation of a cost or account according to a specified
schedule, based on the principal, interest and period of cost
allocation.
Analytical Quantification Level
The minimum concentration at which quantification of a specified
pollutant can be reliably measured.
Annealing
A generic term describing a metal's treatment process that is
used primarily to soften metallic materials, but also to
simultaneously produce desired changes in other properties or in
microstructure. The purpose of such changes may be, but is not
confined to, improvement of machinability, facilitation of cold
work, improvement of mechanical or electrical properties, and
increase in stability of dimensions. Annealing consists of
heating and cooling the metal at varying rates to achieve the
desired properties.
Anvil
In drop forging, the base of the hammer into which the sow block
and lower die part are set. Also, a block of steel upon which
metal is forged.
Atomization
The process in which a stream of water or gas impinges upon a
molten metal stream, breaking it into droplets which solidify as
powder particles.
Backwashing
The operation of cleaning a filter or column by reversing the
flow of liquid through it and washing out matter previously
trapped.
Ball Mill
A mill in which materials are finely ground on a rotating
cylinder containing balls (usually steel).
2192
-------
Batch Treatment
A waste treatment method where wastewater is collected 'over a
period of time and then treated prior to discharge. Treatment is
not continuous, but collection may be continuous.
Bench Scale Pilot Studies
Experiments providing data concerning the treatability of a
wastewater stream or the efficiency of a treatment process
conducted using laboratory-size equipment.
Best Available Demonstrated Technology (BADT)
Treatment technology upon which new source performance standards
are based as defined by Section 306 of the Act.
Best Available Technology Economically Achievable
Level of technology applicable to toxic and nonconventional
pollutants on which effluent limitations are established. These
limitations are to be achieved by July I/ 1984 by indutrial
discharges to surface waters as defined by Section 301(b)(2)(C)
of the Act.
Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology (BCT)
Level of technology applicable to conventional pollutant effluent
limitations to be achieved by July 1, 1984 for industrial
discharges to surface waters as defined in Section 301(b)(2)(E)
of the Act.
Best Management Practices
Regulations intended to control the release of toxic and
hazardous pollutants from plant runoff, spillage, leaks, solid
waste disposal, and drainage from raw material storage.
Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Available
Level of technology applicable to effluent limitations to have
been achieved by July 1, 1977 (originally) for industrial
discharges to surface waters as defined by Section 301(b)(l)(A)
of the Act.
Billet
A long slender cast product used as raw material in subsequent
forming operations.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
The quantity of oxygen used in the biochemical oxidation of
organic matter under specified conditions for a specified time.
2193
-------
Slowdown
The minimum discharge of circulating water for the purpose of
discharging dissolved solids or other contaminants contained in
the water, the further buildup of which would cause concentration
in amounts exceeding limits established by best engineering
practice.
Boring
A machining method using single-point tools on internal surfaces
of revolution.
Brazing
A process that bonds two metal pieces by heating them to a
suitable temperature and by using a filler material which melts
above 425°C (800°F) but below the melting point of the
metal being joined. The filler material is distributed between
the surfaces of the joint by capillary action.
Bright Annealing
Annealing in a protective medium to prevent discoloration of the
bright surface.
Brittleness
The quality of a metal that leads to crack propagation without
appreciable plastic deformation.
Burnishing
A surface finishing process in which minute surface
irregularities are displaced rather than removed.
Burr
A turned-over edge on a metal piece resulting from cutting/
pressing, or grinding.
Catalyst
An agent that (1) reduces the energy required for activating a
chemical reaction and (2) is not consumed by that reaction.
Chelation
The formation of coordinate covalent bonds between a central
metal ion and a liquid that contains two or more sites for
combination with the metal ion.
2194
-------
Chemical Finishing
Producing a desired finish on the surface of a metallic
by immersing the workpiece in a chemical bath.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
product
A measure of the oxygen-consuming capacity of the organic and
inorganic matter present in the water or wastewater.
Chroma ting
Treating a metal in a solution of hexavalent chromium- compound to
produce a conversion coating consisting of trivalent and
hexavalent chromium compound.
Clad Metal
A composite metal containing two or more layers that have been
metallurgically bonded together by roll bonding (co-rolling),
solder application (or brazing) and explosion bonding.
Coining
A closed-die squeezing operation, usually performed cold, in
which all surfaces of the work are confined or restrained,
resulting in a well-defined imprint of the die upon the work.
Cold Working
Deforming metal plastically at a temperature lower than the
recrystallization temperature of the metal, generally at room
temperature.
Colloid
Suspended solids whose diameter may vary between less than one
micron and 15 mictons.
Compact (Briquet)
An object produced by the compression of metal powdwer.
Composite Samples
A series of samples colledted over a period of time but combined
into a single sample for analysis. The individual samples can be
taken after a specified . amount of time has passed (time
composited), or after a specified volume of water has passed the
sampling point (flow composited). The sample can be
automatically collected and composited by a sampler or can be
manually collected and combined.
2195
-------
Consent Decree (Settlement Agreement)
Agreement between EPA and various environmental groups, as
instituted by the United States District Court for the district
of Columbia, directing EPA to study and promulgate regulations
for the toxic pollutants (NRDC, Inc. v. Train, 8 ERG 2120 (D.D.C.
1976), modified March 9, 1979, 12 ERC 1833, 1841).
Contact Water
Any water or oil that comes into direct contact with nonferrous
metal during forming operations, whether the metal is raw
material, intermediate product, waste product, or finished
product.
Continuous Casting
A casting process that produces sheet, rod, or other long shapes
by solidifying the metal while it is being poured through an
open-ended mold using little or no contact cooling water. Thus,
no restrictions are placed on the length of the product and it is
not necessary to stop the process to remove the cast product.
Continuous Treatment
Treatment of waste streams operating without interruption as
opposed to batch treatment. Sometimes referred to as flow
through treatment.
Contractor Removal (Contract Hauling)
Disposal of oils, spent solutions, or sludge by a commercial
firm.
Conventional Pollutants
Constituents of wastewater as determined by Section 304(a)(4) of
the Act, including but not limited to pollutants classified as
biological-oxygen-demanding, oil and grease, suspended solids,
fecal coliforms, and pH.
Conversion Coating
A coating consisting of a compound of the surface metal, produced
by chemical or electrochemical treatments of the metal. Examples
are chromate coatings on zinc and magnesium, oxides or phosphate
coatings on steel. Also, the process of producing such a
coating.
Cooling Tower
A hollow, vertical structure with internal baffles designed to
break up falling water so that it is cooled by upward-flowing air
and the evaporation of water.
2196
-------
Corrosion
The deterioration of a metal by chemical or electrochemical
reaction with its environment.
Countercurrent Cascade...Rinsing
A staged process that employs recycled, often untreated water as
a rinsing medium to clean metal products. Water flow is opposite
to product flow such that the most contaminated water encounters
incoming product first.
Crucible
A vessel or pot made of -a material with a high melting point used
for melting metals.
Data Collection^Portfolio (dcp)
The questionnaire used in the survey of the nonferrous metals
forming industry. .,
Deoxidizing
The removal of any oxide film from a metal.
Desmutting
A process that removes smut by immersing the product in an acid
solution, usually nitric acid.
Die
Various tools used to impart shape to metal primarily because of
the shape of the die itself. Examples are forging dies, drawing
dies, and extrusion dies.
Direct Chill Casting.
A method of casting where the molten metal is poured into a
water-cooled mold. The base of this mold is the top of a
hydraulic cylinder that lowers the metal first through the mold
and then through a water spray and bath to cause solidification.
The vertical distance of the drop limits the length of the ingot.
This process is also known as semi-continuous casting.
Direct Discharger
Any point source that discharges to a surface water.
2197
-------
Drag-out
The solution that adheres to the objects removed from a bath or
rinser more precisely defined as that solution which is carried
past the edge of the tank.
Drawing
Pulling the metal through a die or succession of dies to
the metal's diameter or after its shape.
reduce
Drying Beds
Areas for dewatering of sludge by evaporation and seepage.
Ductility
The ability of a metal to deform plastically without fracturing.
Dummy Block • .
In extrusion, a thick unattached disk placed between the ram and
billet to prevent overheating of the ram.
Effluent
Discharge from a point source.
Effluent Limitation
Any standard (including schedules of compliance) established by a
state or EPA on quantities, rates, and concentrations of
chemical, physical, biological, and other constituents that are
discharged from point sources into navigable waters, the waters
of the contiguous zone, or the ocean.
Electrochemical Finishing
Producing a desired finish on the surface of a metallic product
by immersing the workpiece in an electrolyte bath through which
direct current is passed.
Electroplating
The production of a thin coating of one metal
electrodeposition.
Electrostatic Precipitator
on another by
A gas cleaning device that induces an electrical charge on a
solid particle which is then a attracted to an oppositely charged
collector plate. The collector plates are intermittently
vibrated to discharge the collector dust to a hopper.
2198
-------
Emulsifying Agency
A material that increase the stability of a dispersion of one
liquid" in another.
Emulsions
Stable dispersions of two immiscible liquids. In the nonferrous
metals forming category this is usually an oil and water mixture.
End-of-Pipe Treatment
The reduction of pollutants by wastewater treatment prior to
discharge or reuse.
Etching
The removal of surface imperfections, oxides, ' and scratches by
chemical action. Etching can also provide surface roughness.
Eutectic Temperature
The lowest temperature at which a solution (in this case, the
solution is molten metal and various alloying materials), remains
completely liquid.
Extrusion
A process in which high pressures are applied to a metal billet,
forcing the metal to flow through a die orifice.
Finishing
The coating or polishing of a metal surface.
Fluxes
Substances added to molten metal to help remove impurities and
prevent excessive oxidation, or promote the fusing of the metals.
Forging
Deforming metal, usually hot, with compressive force into
desired shapes, with or without dies. Where dies are used, the
metal is forced to take the shape of the die.
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS)
Chemical analytical instrumentation used for quantitative organic
analysis.
Grab Sample
A single sample of wastewater taken without regard to time or'
flow.
2199
-------
Grain
An individual crystal in a polycrystalline metal or alloy.
Green Compact
An unsintered compact.
Grinding
The process of removing stock from a workpiece by the use of a
tool consisting of abrasive grains held by a rigid or semi-rigid
binder. Grinding includes surface finishing, sanding, and
slicing.
Hammer Forging
Forging in which the workpiece is deformed by repeated blows.
Hardness
Resistance of metal to plastic deformation by indentation,
scratching, abrasion or cutting.
Heat Treatment
A process that changes the physical properties of the metal, such
as strength, ductility, and malleability by controlling the rate
of cooling.
to eliminate of
Homogenizing
Holding solidified metal at high temperature
decrease chemical segregation by diffusion.
Hot Working
Deforming metal plastically at such a temperature and rate that
strain hardening does not occur. The low limit of temperature is
the recrystallization temperature of the metal.
Hydraulic Press
A press
the ram.
Impacting
in which fluid pressure is used to actuate and control
Forming, usually cold, a part from a metal slug confined in a
die, by rapid single-stroke application of force through a punch,
causing the metal to flow around the punch.
2200
-------
Indirect Discharger . : x
Any point source that discharges to a publicly owned treatment
works.
Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasma Spectrophotometer (ICAP)
A laboratory device used for the analysis of metals.
Ingot ."•- ,.... : ••'-•••->••
A large, block-shaped casting produced by various methods.
Ingots are intermediate products from which other products are
made.
In-Process Control Technology
Any procedure or equipment used to conserve chemicals and water
throughout the production operations, resulting in a reduction of
the wastewater volume.
Jet
A stream of fluid (gas or liquid) discharged from a narrow
opening or nozzle.
Mandrel
A rod used to retain the cavity in hollow metal products during
working.
Metal Powder Production : :
Any process operations which convert metal to a finely divided
form without an increase in metal purity.
Neat Oil
A pure oil with no or few impurities added. In nonferrous metals
forming its use is mostly as a lubricant.
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
Effluent limitations for new industrial point sources as defined
by Section 306 of the Act.
Nonconventional Pollutant
Parameters selected for use in performance standards that have
not been previously designated as either conventional or toxic
pollutants.
2201
-------
Nonferrous Metal
Any pure metal other than iron, copper or aluminum; or metal
alloy for which a metal other than iron, copper, and aluminum is
its major constituent in percent by weight.
Nonferrous Metals Forming
A set of manufacturing operations in which nonferrous metals and
nonferrous alloys are made into semifinished products by hot or
cold working. It also includes metal powder production and
powder metallurgy of all metals, including iron, copper, and
aluminum.
Non-Water Quality Environmental Impact
The ecological impact as a result of solid, air, or thermal
pollution due to the application of various wastewater
technologies to achieve the effluent guidelines limitations.
Also associated with the non-water quality aspect is the energy
impact of wastewater treatment.
NPDES Permits
Permits used by EPA or an approved state program under the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.
Off-Gases-
Gasest vapors, and fumes produced as a result of a nonferrous
metals forming operation.
Off-Kilogram (Off-Pound)
The mass of nonferrous metal or metal alloy removed from a
forming operation or associated surface or heat treatment
operation at the end of a process cycle for transfer to a
different process or machine. For example, one kilogram for all
pounds of metal that is cold rolled twice in succession on the
same or tandem rolling mill and then annealed represents one off-
kilogram for all pounds for cold rolling and one off-kilogram for
all pounds for annealing; one off-kilogram for all pounds of
metal that is cold rolled once then annealed and cold rolled
again represents two off-kilograms for all pounds for cold
rolling and one off-kilogram for all pounds for annealing.
Product storage is also a facotr in calculating off-kilograms for
all pounds: one off-kilogram for all pounds of metal that is cold
rolled, taken off the line and stored, then cold rolled at a
later date represents two off-kilograms for all pounds for cold
rolling.
2202
-------
Oil and Grease (O&G]
Any material that is extracted by freon from an acidified sample
and that is not volatilized during the analysis, such as
hydrocarbons, fatty acids, soaps, fats, waxes, and oils.
Oxidation
A reaction in which there is an increase in valence resulting
from a loss of electrons.
E5
The pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity of
a solution.
Phosphating
Forming an adherent phosphate coating on a metal immersed in a
suitable aqueous phosphate solution.
Pickle Liquor
A spent acid-pickling bath.
Pickling
Removing oxides from metals by chemical or electrochemical
reactions.
PiŁ
A metal casting used in remelting.
Plate
A flat, extended, rigid metal body having a thickness greater
than or equal to 6.3 mm (0.25 inches).
Pointing
Reducing the diameter of wire, rod, or tubing over a short length
by swaging, hammer forging or squeezing to facilitate entry into
a drawing die and gripping in the drawhead.
Pollutant Parameters
Those constituents of wastewater determined to be detrimental
and, therefore, requiring control.
Powder
Particles of mater characterized by small size, i.e., 0.1 to
1,000 urn.
2203
-------
Powder Metallurgy
The art of producing metal powders and using metal powders for
the production of massive materials (ingots, billets) and shaped
objects (parts).
Press Forging
Forging metal/ usually hot, between dies in a press.
Pressing
forming a powder-metal part
with
In powder metallurgy,
compressive force.
Priority Pollutants
Those pollutants included in Table 2 of Committee Print number
95-30 of the "Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the
House of Representatives," subject to the Act.
Process Water
Water used in a production process that contacts the product, raw
materials, or reagents.
Production Normalized Water Discharge
The volume of water discharged from a given process per mass of
nonferrous metal processed. The water may be discharged to
further treatment, discharged without treatment, or removed by a
contractor. Differences betv/een the water use and wastewater
flows associated with a given stream result from recycle,
evaporation, and carryover on the product.
Production Normalized Water Use
The volume of water or other fluid (e.g., emulsions, lubricants)
required per mass of metal processed through the operation.
Water use is based on the sum of recycle and make-up flows to a
given process.
Production Normalizing Parameter (PNP)
The unit of production specified in the regulations used to
determine the mass of pollutants that a production facility may
discharge.
PSES
Pretreatment standards (effluent regulations) for
sources, under Section 307(b) of the Act.
existing
2204
-------
PSNS
Pretreatment standards (effluent regulations) for new sources,
under Section 307{c) of the Act.
owned by a state or
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
A waste treatment facility that is
municipality.
»
Quenching »
Rapid cooling, in air, vapor or water.
Ram
The moving part of a hammer or press to which a tool is fastened.
Recrystallization Temperature
The minimum temperature at which a new, strain-free grain
structure is formed from that existing in a cold worked metal.
Recycle
Returning treated or untreated wastewater to the production
process from which it originated for use as process water.
Reduction
A reaction in which there is a decrease in valence resulting from
a gain in electrons.
Repressing
The application of pressure to a previously pressed and sintered
compact, usually to improve some physical property.
Reuse
The use of treated or untreated process wastewater in a different
production process.
Ring Rolling
A forging process used to shape weldless rings from pierced disks
or thick-walled, ring-shaped blanks. The rings are forged
between rolls or a mandrel and hammer.
Rinsing
A process in which water is used to wash surface treatment
cleaning chemicals from the surface of metal.
and
2205
-------
Rod
An intermediate metal product having a solid, round cross section
9.5 mm (3/8 inches) or more in diameter.
Roll Bonding '•»
r f
The process by which a permanent bond is created between two
metals by rolling under high pressure in a bonding mill (co-
rolling).
Rolling
A forming process that reduces the thickness of a workpiece by
passing it between a pair of lubricated steel rollers.
Sand Blasting
Abrasive blasting with sand.
Sawing
Cutting a workpiece with a band, blade, or circular disk having
teeth.
Scale
A thick layer of oxidation products formed on metals at high
temperatures. Also deposits of water-insoluble constituents
formed on • surfaces in cooling towers and wet air pollution
control equipment.
Scrubber Liquor
The untreated wastewater stream produced by wet scrubbers
cleaning gases produced by nonferrous metals forming operations.
Seal Water
A water curtain used as a barrier between the furnace atmosphere
and the outside atmosphere.
Semi-Fabricated Products
Intermediate products that are the final product of one process
and the raw material for a second process.
Sheet
A flat-rolled metal product thinner than plate.
2206
-------
Shot
Small spherical particles of metal, larger in diameter than
powder.
Shot Casting or Shotting
The production of shot by pouring metal in finely divided
streams. Solidified spherical particles formed during the
descent are cooled in a tank of water.
Shot Peening
Cold working the surface of a metal by metal-shot impingement.
Sintering
The bonding of adjacent surfaces of particles in a mass of metal
powders or a compact, by heating to a temperature less than the
melting point of the metal.
Sizing
Final pressing of a sintered compact to produce specified
dimensions and tolerances.
Skiving
Removal .of a material in thin layers with a high degree of shear
or slippage or both. This process is used to form a trough in a
strip of base metal in preparation for producing clad inlay strip.
Soldering
A process that bonds two metal pieces by heating them to a
suitable temperature and by using a filler material which melts
below 425°C (800°P). The filler material is distributed
between the surfaces of the joint by capillary action.
Solid Solution
A single solid homogeneous crystalline phase containing two or
more chemical species.
Solution Heat Treatment
Heating an alloy to a suitable temperature, holding it at that
temperature long enough to cause one or more constituents to
enter into solid solution, and then cooling rapidly enough to
hold these constituents in solution.
2207
-------
Stainless Steel
An iron-base alloy, containing chromium and sometimes nickel of
manganese, which is extremely resistant to corrosion. Some
alloys called stainless steel are greater than 50 percent nickel.
Stationary Casting
A process in which the molten metal is poured into molds and
alloyed to cool. It is often used to recycle in-house scrap.
Steam Oxidation (Bluing)
Subjecting the surface of a ferrous alloy to the action of steam
at a suitable temperature, thus forming a thin blue film or oxide
and improving the appearance and resistance to corrosion. This
process is often used for iron and steel parts pressed from metal
powders.
Steel •' •
An iron-base alloy, containing manganese,
often other alloying elements.
Strain Hardening
usually carbon, and
An increase in hardness and strength caused by plastic
deformation at temperatures lower than ' the recrystallization
temperature.
Strip
A sheet of metal in which the length is many times the breadth.
Subcategorization
The process of segmentation of an industry into groups of plants
for which uniform effluent limitations can be established.
Surface Treatments
Operations such as pickling, etching, phosphating, and chromating
which chemically alter the metal surface.
Surface Water
Any visible stream or body of water, natural or man-made. This
does not include bodies of water whose sole purpose is wastewater
retention or the removal of pollutants, such as holding ponds or
lagoons.
Surfactants
Surface active chemicals that tend to lower the surface
between liquids.
tension
2208
-------
Swaging
A process in which a solid point is formed at the end of a tube,
rod, or bar by the repeated blows of one or more pairs of
opposing dies. It is often the initial step in the drawing
process.
Swarf
Metallic particles and abrasive fragments removed by a cutting or
grinding tool.
Tensile Strength
The ratio of maximum load to original cross-sectional area.
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
-*>
Organic and inorganic molecules and ions that are in solution in
the water or wastewater.
Total Organic Carbon (TOG)
A measure of the organic contaminants in a wastewater. The TOC
analysis does not measure as much of the organics as the COD or
BOD tests, but is much quicker than these tests.
Total Recycle
The complete reuse of a stream, with makeup water added for
evaporation losses. There is no blowdown stream from a totally
recycled flow and the process water is not periodically or
continuously discharged.
or treated effluent.
Total"Suspended Solids (TSS)
Solids in suspension in water, wastewater,
Also known as suspended solids.
Trepanning
A type of boring where an annular cut is made into a solid
material with the coincidental formation of a plug or solid
cylinder. Used to prepare billets for extrusion into tubing.
Tube Reducing
Reducing both the diameter and wall thickness of tubing with a
mandrel and a pair of rolls with tapered grooves.
Tubing Blank
A sample taken by passing one gallon of distilled water through a
composite sampling device before initiation of actual wastewater
sampling.
2209
-------
Tumbling (Barrel Finishing)
An operation in which castings, forgings, or parts pressed from
metal powder are rotated in a barrel with ceramic or metal slugs
or abrasives to remove scale, fins, or burrs. It may be done dry
or with an aqueous solution.
Turning
Removing stock from a rotating workpiece with a tool.
Ultrasonic Cleaning
Immersion cleaning aided by sound waves with frequency greater
than 15 kHz that cause microagitation.
Volatile Substances
Materials that
temperatures.
Wet Scrubbers
are readily vaporized at relatively low
Air pollution control devices used to remove particulates and
fumes from air by entraining the pollutants in a water spray.
Wire
A slender strand of metal with a diameter less than 9.5 mm
inches).
Work-Hardening
(3/8
An increase in hardness and strength and a loss of ductility that
occurs in the workpiece as a result of passing through cold
forming or cold working operations. Also known as strain-
hardening.
Zero Discharger
Any industrial or municipal facility that does not discharge
wastewater.
2210
-------
SECTION XVI
REFERENCES
Abcor, Inc., Literature on Soluble Oil Waste Treatment Systems.
"Acrolein" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117277, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Adin, A., Baumann, E. R., Cleasby, J. L., 1979, "The Application
of Filtration Theory to Pilot-Plant Design," Journal of the
American Water Works Association, January.
Alloid Colloids, Inc. brochure.
Aluminum Association, Forging and Impacts Division, Aluminum
Impacts Design Manual and Application Guide, July, 1979.
American Society for Metals, 1958, Handbook Metals Engineering
Processes, Metals Park, Ohio.
American Society for Metals, 1964, Heat Treating, Cleaning, and
Finishing, Metals Handbook, 8th ed., Vol. 2, Metals Park, Ohio.
American Society for Metals, 1970, Forging and Casting, Metals
Handbook, 8th ed., Vol. 5, Metals Park, Ohio. -
American Society for Metals, 1977, Definitions of Metallurgical
Terms, Metals Park, Ohio.
American Society for Metals, 1982, Surface Cleaning, Finishing
and Coating, Metals Handbook, 9th ed., Vol. 5, Metals Park, Ohio.
ANDCO Environmental Processes,
Heavy Metal Removal System."
Inc., 1981, "Andco Chromate and
"Antimony" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117319, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
API, 1969, Manual on Disposal of Refinery Wastes; Volume on
Liquid Wastes, 1st ed., American Petroleum Institute, Washington,
D.C.
Argo and Wesner, 1976, "AWT Energy Needs a Prime Concern," Water
and Wastes Engineering, 13:5:24.
"Arsenic" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117327, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Avitur, Betzalel, 1968, Metal Forming; Processes and Analysis,
McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
2211
-------
Avitur, Betzalel, 1980, Metal Forming/ Dekker, New York, New
York.
Bailey, P.A., "The Treatment of Waste Emulsified Oils by
Ultrafiltration," Filtration and Separation, January-February,
1977.
Banerji and O'Conner, 1977, "Designing More Energy Efficient
Wastewater Treatment Plants," Civil Engineering ASCE, 47:7:76.
Bansal, I. K., 1977, "Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration of Oily
and Pulping Effluents," Industrial Wastes, May/June.
Barksdall, J.,
Technology.
1966, Titanium; Its Occurrence, Chemistry and
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Barren, M., Donohue, J.,'and Dziu, L., V. J. Ciccone Associates,
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Assessment," conducted under EPA Contract No. 68-01-6572, April
27, 1983.
Basselievre, E. B., Schwartz, M., 1976, The Treatment of
Industrial Wastes, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, NY.
Bauer, D., 1976, "Treatment of Oily Wastes—Oil Recovery
Programs," Presented at 31st Annual Purdue Industrial Waste
Conference.
Beddow, John K., 1978, The Production of_ Metal Powders by_
Atomization, Heyden, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
"Benzene" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117293, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
"Beryllium" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117350, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Betz Labs brochure.
Birge, W. J., J. A- Black, A. G. Westerman, and J. E. Hudson,
"Aquatic Toxicity Tests on Inorganic Elements Occurring in Oil
Shale", Oil Shale Symposium, EPA 600/9-80-022, June 1980.
Blazynski, T. Z., 1976, Metal Forming, Wiley, New York, New York.
Bradbury, Samuel, ed., 1979, Source Book on Powder Metallurgy,
American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio.
2212
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Brody, M. A., Lumpkins, R. J., 1977, "Performance of Dual Media
Filters," Chemical Engineering Progress, April.
Brush Wellman Inc., Alloy Information Packet.
Bureau of Mines, 1975, Mineral Facts and Problems, United States
Department of the Interior.
Bureau of Mines, Mineral Commodity Profiles, 1978, Tin.
Bureau of Mines, Mineral Commodity Profiles, 1978, Zinc.
Bureau of Mines, Mineral Commodity Profiles, 1979, Antimony.
Bureau of Mines, Mineral Commodity Profiles, 1979, Beryllium.
Bureau of Mines, Mineral Commodity Profiles, Lithium.
Bureau of Mines, Mineral Commodity Profiles, 1979, Rhenium.
Bureau of Mines, 1981, Minerals Yearbook, U. S. Department of the
Interior.
Bureau of Mines, Mineral Commodity Summaries, U. S. Department of
Interior, 1981, pp. 174-176.
Bureau of Mines, Mineral Commodity Profiles, 1985, Columbium.
Bureau of Mines, Mineral Commodity Profiles, 1985, Magnesium.
Bureau of Mines, Mineral Commodity Profiles, 1985, Gold. •
Burns and Roe, Inc., 1978, Handbook of Wastewater Treatment
Costs, Randolph, New Jersey.
Butts, Allison, 1967, Silver; Economics, Metallurgy and Use, Van
Nostrand, New York, New York.
"Cadmium" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117368, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Cairns, John Harper and P. T. Gilbert, 1967, The Technology of_
Heavy Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys.
"Carbon Tetrachloride" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117376,
Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards (45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Carborundum, 1977, "Dissolved Air Flotation Systems," December.
Catalytic, Inc., 1979, Treatment Catalogue for the Catalytic
Computer Model.
2213
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Chappell, Willard R. and Others, 1979, Human Health Effects on
Molybdenum in Drinking Water. Cincinnati, Office of Research and
Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency available from
NTIS. p. 101.
Chemical Engineering, 1979, "Love Canal Aftermath: Learning from
a Tragedy," Chemical Engineering, October 22.
Chemical Marketing Reporter, March 17, 1978.
Cheremisinoff, P. N., Ellerbush, F., 1978, Carbon Adsorption
Handbook, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI.
Chieu, J. H., Gloyna, E. F., Schechter, R. S., 1975, "Coalescence
of Emulsified Oily Wastewater by Fibrous Beds," Presented at the
30th Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conference.
"Chlorobenzene" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117392, Criteria
and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards
(45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
"Chromium" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117467, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Church, Fred L., "Zinc Sheet: Ample Capacity, Stable Price,
Markets Needed," Modern Metals, November, 1980.
Clark, J. W., Viessman, W., Hammer, M. S., 1977, Water Supply and
Pollution Control, IEP-A Dun-Donnelley Publisher, New York, NY.
Conard, B. R., E. A. Devuyst and V. A. Ettel, 1982, "Pilot Plant
Operation of the INCO SO2/Air Cyanide Removal Process,"
Canadian Mining Journal, August 1982.
Conard, B. R., E. A. Devuyst and W. Hudson, "Commercial-Scale
Trials of the INCO SO2/Air Cyanide Removal Process," To Be
Presented at the Canada/EC Seminar Treatmnt of Complex Minerals,
the Government Conference Centre, Ottawa, October 12-14, 1982.
"Copper" Final Water Quality Criteria PB117475, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Gulp and Gulp, 1974, New Concepts in Water Purification, Van
Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY.
Gulp, R. L., Wesner, G. M., Gulp, G. L., 1978, Handbook of_
Advanced Wastewater Treatment, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New
York, NY.
"Cyanide" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117483, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
2214
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Davies, B. T., Vose, R. W. , 1977, "Custom Designs Cut Effluent
Treatment Costs, Case Histories at Chevron, U. S. A.,. Inc.,"
Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, p. 1035.
Dearborn Chemical Division brochure.
Denyo, D. J., ed., 1978, Unit Operations for Treatment of_
Hazardous Wastes.
"1,1-Dichloroethylene" 'Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117525,
Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards (45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Dickey, 1970, "Managing Waste Heat with the Water Cooling Tower,"
Marley Co.
"Dinitrotoluene" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117566, Criteria
and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards
(45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
"Diphenylhydrazine" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117731,
Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards (FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Dodge Building Cost Services, podge Guide tŁ Public Works and
Heavy Construetin Costs, McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Emley, Edward F., 1966, Principles of Magnesium Technology,
Pergamon Press, New York, New York.
Eckenfelder, W. W. Jr., O'Connor, D. J., 1961, Biological Waste
Treatment, Pergamon Press, NY.
"Endrin" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117582, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79418-79379, November 28, 1980).
"Endosulfan" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117574, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Envirodyne, "Dissolved Air Flotation & Solids Settling - Model
Jupitor - 7,000."
Environmental Quality Systems, Inc., 1973, Technical and Economic
Review of Advanced Waste Treatment Processes.
Erbin, E. F., 1969, Applications of Titanium, ASM,
Engineering Institute, Metals Park, Ohio.
Metals
"Ethylbenzene" Final Wafer Quality Criteria PB117590, Criteria
and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, (45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
2215
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Federal Register, 44 FR 69464.
Federal Register, 44 FR 75028.
Federal Register, 44 FR 38749.
Federal Register, 45 FR 79318.
Federal Register, 47 FR 51512.
Federal Register, 47 FR 49176.
Federal Register, 48 FR 36942.
Federal Register, 48 FR 49126.
Federal Register, 49 FR 5831.
Floyd, D. R. and J. N. Lowe, ed., 1979, Beryllium Science and
Technology, Vol. 2_, Plenum Press, New York, New York.
"Fluoranthene" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117673, Criteria
and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards
(FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Ford, D. L., Elton, R. L., 1977, "Removal of Oil and Grease from
Industrial Wastewaters," Chemical Engineering, October 17, p.
Forging Industries Association, 1982-1983 Forging Capability
Chart, Cleveland, Ohio.
Gloyna, E. F., Ford, D. L., 1974, Cited by Osamor, F. A., Ahlert,
R. C./ 1978, in Oil Water Separation; State-of-the—Arty U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, PB-280 755.
Gumerman, R. C., R. L. Gulp and S. P. Hansen, Estimating Water
Treatment Costs, Volume :2, EPA-600/2-79-1620b, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, August 1979.
Hager, D. G., 1974, "Industrial Wastewater Treatment by GAG,"
Industrial Water Engineering, 11:1:18.
Hammer, M. J., 1975, Water and Wastewater Technology, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., New York, NY.
Hausner, H. H., ed.r 1965, Beryllium; Its Metallurgy and
Properties, University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
Hawley, Gessner G., rev., The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 9th
ed.
Hawley, Gessner G., The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 10th ed.
2216
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Hockenberry, H. R. and J. E. Lieser, "Practical Application of
Membrane Techniques of Waste Oil Treatment," Journal of the
American Society of Lubrication Engineers, May, 1976.
Holdway, D. A. and J. B. Sprayue, "Chronic Toxicity of Vanadium
to Plagfish," Water Research, Vol. 13, 1979.
Hsiung, K. Y., Mueller, H. M., Conley, W. R., 1974, "Physical-
Chemical Treatment for Oily Waste," Presented at WWEMA Industrial
Water Pollution Conference and Exposition, Detroit, MI, Cited by
Osamor, F. A., Ahlert, R. C., 1978 Oil/Water Separation; State-
of-the-Art, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH, PB-280 755.
Indium Corporation of America, Product Literature.
International Magnesium Association, 1982 Buyer's Guide, Dayton,
Ohio.
Jacobs Engineering Group, 1980, Draft Development Document for
Effluent Limitations and Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards and Pretreatment Standards for the Metal Powders
Segment of the Mechanical Products Point Source Category.
Infilco Degremont, Inc., 1974, "Sediflotor Clarifier," Company
Brochure DB830, September.
"Isophorone" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117764, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Jones, H. R., 1971, Environmental Control in the Organic and
Petrochemical Industries, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, NJ.
JRB Associates, Statistical Analysis Group, A Statistical
Analysis of the Combined Metals Industries Effluent Data,
November 4, 1982.
Katnick, K. E., Pavilcius, A. M., 1978, "A Novel Chemical
Approach for the Treatment of Oily Wastewaters," Presented at
33rd Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conference.
Keenan, Charles W. and Jesse H. Wood, 1971, General College
Chemistry, 4th Edition, Harper and Row, New York.
Kennametal Inc., 1977, Properties and Proven Uses of Kennametal
Hard Carbide Alloys, Latrobe, Pennsylvania.
Kirk-Othmer, 1983, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third
Edition, Volume 23, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York.
Kirk-Othmer, 1981, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York.
2217
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Kirk-Othmer, 1978, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third
Edition, "Molybdenum," Vol. 15, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New
York, New York.
Kirk-Othmer, 1963, Encyclopedia oŁ Chemical Technology, Second
Edition, Interscience Publishers, New York, New York.
Lacey, R. E., 1972, "Membrane Separation Processes," Chemical
Engineering, Sept. 4.
Lange, Norbert, Adolph, 1973, Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill,
New York, NY.
"Lead" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117681, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
PR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Lead Industries Association, 1965, Lead and Zinc, New York, New
York.
Lead Industries Association, 1979, Lead, New York, New York.
Lee, E. L., Schwab, R. E., 1978, "Treatment of Oily Machinery
Waste," Presented at 33rd Annual Purdue Industrial Waste
Conference.
Lenel, Fritz V., 1980, Powder Metallurgy; Principles and
Applications, MPIF, Princeton, New Jersey.
"Lime for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Engineering Data,"
BIF, Providence, Ref. No. 1.21-24,
Lin, Y. G., Lawson, J. R., 1973, "Treatment of Oily and Metal
Containing Wastewater," Pollution Engineering, November.
Liptak, B. G., 1974m Environmental Engineer's Handbook, Volume 1^
H. Water Pollution, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, Pennsylvania.
Lopez, C. X., Johnston, R., 1977, "Industrial Wastewater
Recycling with Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis," Presented at
the 32nd Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conference.
Lund, H. F., ed., 1971, Industrial Pollution Control Handbook,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, NY.
Luthy, R. G., Selleck, R. E., Galloway, 1978, "Removal of
Emulsified Oil with Organic Coagulants and Dissolved Air
Flotation," Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, 50:2:331.
Lustman and Kerze, 1955, The Metallurgy of Zirconium.
Manko, Howard H., 1979, Solders and Soldering, McGraw-Hill, New
York, New York.
2218
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McKee, J. E. and Wolf, H. W., ed., 1963, Water Quality Criteria,
2nd ed., The Resources Agency of California, State Water Quality
Control Board, Publication No. 3-A.
"Mercury" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117699, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Metal Progress, "Trends in Nonferrous Metals Technology,"
January, 1983.
Metal Progress, "Trends in Powder Metallurgy Technology,"
January, 1983.
Metal Progress, "Trends in Special-Duty Materials Technology,"
January, 1983.
Metal Progress, "Trends in Superalloy Technology," -January, 1983.
Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., 1979, Wastewater Engineering; Treatment,
Disposal, Reuse, McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Molybdenum in the Environment: Proceedings of_ an International
Symposium on Molybdenum in the Environment Held in Denver,
Colorado / edited by Willafd R. Chappell and Kathy Kellogg
Petersen, New York, M. Dekker, C1976-1977. v. (xii, 812 p.):
ill.: 24 cm.
MPIF, 1982, Powder Metallurgy Equipment Directory, 13th Edition,
New Jersey.
MPIF, 1983, Members of the Metal Powder Industries Federation,
Princeton, New Jersey.
Myansnikov, I. N., Butseva, L. N., Gandurina, L. B., 1979, "The
Effectiveness of Flotation Treatments with Flocculants Applied to
Oil Wastewaters," Presented at USEPA Treatment of Oil Containing
Wastewaters, April 18 to 19, 1979, Cincinnati, OH.
"Naphthalene" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117707, Criteria
and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards
(45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
"Nickel" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117715, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
NIOSH, 1980 Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Northcott, L., 1956, Metallurgy of_ Rarer Metals 2. 5_L Molybdenum,
Academic Press, New York, New York.
2219
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NTIS, 1974, Cost of Dissolved Air Flotation Thickening of Waste
Activated Sludge at Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants, PB-226-
582.
Nutt, S. G. and S. A. Zaidi, "Treatment of Cyanide-Containing
Wastewaters by the Copper-Catalyzed SC-2/Air Oxidation
Process," Presented at the 38th Annual Purdue Industrial Waste
Conference Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, May 10-12,
1983.
Osamor, F. A., Ahlert, R. C., 1978, Oily Water Separation:
State-of-the-Art, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH, EPA-600/2-78-069.
"Pentachlorophenol" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117764,
Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards (45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Perry, R. H. and C. H. Chilton, 1973, Chemical Engineer's
Handbook, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill.
Peters, M. S. and K. D. Timmerhaus, 1980, Plant Design and
Economics for Chemical Engineers, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill.
"Phenol" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117772, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
"Phthalate Esters" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117780,
Criteria and Standards Division^ Office of Water Regulations and
Standards (45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
"Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons" Final Water Quality Criteria,
PB117806, Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Water
Regulations and Standards (45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Radian Corporation, 1982, The Cost Digest - Cost Summaries of_
Selected Environmental Control Technologies (unpublished report),
DCN 82-203-001-47-03, May.
Refractory Metals Association, 1980, What Are Refractory
Metals... and How Do They Affect Our Lives? MPIF, Princeton, New
Jersey.
Registry of Toxic Effects on Chemical Substances.
Richardsons Engineering Services, Inc., 1980, Process Plant
Construction Estimating Standards, Volumes 1, 2, 3, and 4, Solana
Beach, California.
Rinehart, John S. and John Pearson, 1963, Explosive Working of_
Metals, Pergamon Press, New York, New York.
2220
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Rizzo, J. L., Shephard, A. R., 1977a, "Treating Industrial
Wastewater with Activated Carbon," Chemical Engineering, January
3, p. 95.
Rizzo, J. L., Shephard, A. R., 1977b, "Treating Industrial
Wastewater with Activated Carbon," Chemical Engineering,
September 3.
Roberts, K. L., Weeter, D. W., Ball, R. O., 1978, "Dissolved Air
Flotation Performance," 33rd Annual Purdue Industrial Waste
Conference, p. 194.
Ro, D. H., M. W. Toaz and V. S. Moxson, "The Direct Powder
Rolling Process for Producing Thin Metal Strip," Journal of_
Metals, January, 1983. .
Ronson Metals Corporation, Product Literature.
Russel, J. B., General Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, 1980.
Sabadell, J. E., ed., 1973, Traces of Heavy Metals in Water
Removal Processes and Monitoring, USEPA, 902/9-74-001.
Schemel, J. H., 1977, ASTM Manual on Zirconium and Hafnium, ASTM
Special Technical Publication 639.
Seiden and Patel, Mathematical Model of Tertiary Treatment by
Lime Addition, TWRC-14.
"Selenium." Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117814, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
"Silver" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117822, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Technical Materials Inc., 1976, Handbook for Glad Metals,
Lincoln, Rhode Island.
Thomas Register of American Manufacturers and Thomas Register
Catalog File, 1982, Torrington, Connecticut.
Timet, Titanium.
"Toluene" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117855, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Toxicology Data Bank.
"2,4,6-Trichlorophenol" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117525,
Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards (45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
2221
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"Trichloroethylene" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117871,
Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards (45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
"Tetrachloroethylene" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117830,
Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards (45 FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1978h, Revised Economic
Impact Analysis of Proposed Regulations on Organic Contamination
Drinking Water, Office of Drinking Water.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1975, Process Design
Manual for Suspended Solids Removal, EPA 625/1-75-003-a,
Technology Transfer Series, January.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1977, Sampling and
Analysis Procedures for Screening of Industrial Effluents for
Priority Pollutants, April.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1977, Sources and
Treatment of Wastewater in the Nonferrous Metals Industry, Radian
Corporation, February.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1979, Methods for Chemical
Analysis for Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020, March, 1979.
D. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980, Treatability Manual,
Volume IV. Cost Estimating, EPA 600/8-80/042-d, July.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1982, Determining National
Removal Credits for Selected Pollutants for Publicly Owned
Treatment Works, EPA 440/2-82/008, September.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1982, Development Document
for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for
the Aluminum Forming Point Source Category, EPA 440/1-82/073-b,
November.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1982, Development Document
for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for
the Copper Forming Point Source Category, EPA 449/1-82/074-b,
October.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1982, Development Document
for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category, EPA
440/1-82/007, June.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1982, Development Document
for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Iron
and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Category, EPA 440/1-82/024,
May,
2222
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U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1982,Development Document
for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for
the Metal Finishing Point Source Category, EPA 440/1-82/091-b.
0. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1982,. Fate of Priority
Pollutants in Publicly Owned Treatment Works', Finafi'--Report, EPA
440/1-82/303, September.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1982, Handbook for
Sampling and Sample Preservation of Water and Wastewater, EPA
600/4-82/029, September.
. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Development Document
for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for
the Nonferrous Metals Point Source Category, Volume 1, EPA 440/1-
8~37019b, March.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Development Document
for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for
the Inorganic Chemica1s Po i n t Source Category, Phase II, EPA
440/1-83/007-b, September.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984, Economic Analysis of
Proposed Effluent Limitations and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Forming Industry, EPA 440/2-84/005, February.
O. S. Steel, 1971, The Making and Shaping of Steel, 9th Edition,
Herbick and Held, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
V. .J. Ciccone & Associates, Inc., Aluminum; An Environmental and
Health Effects Assessment, Additives Evaluation Branch, Criteria
and Standards Division, U. S. EPA, April 27, 1983.
Verschueren and Karel, 1972, Handbook of Environmental Data on
Organic Chemicals, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY.
Wahl, J. R., Hayes, T. C., Kleper, M. H., Pinto, S. D., 1979,
"Ultrafiltration for Today's Oily Wastewaters: A Survey of
Current Ultrafiltration Systems," Presented at 34th Annual Purdue
Industrial Waste Conference.
Wallis, Claudia, "Slow, Steady, and Heartbreaking: Alzheimers
Disease is a Devastating Illness of Advancing Age; TIME, July 11,
1983.
Wang, Yih, 1979, Tungsten: Metallurgy >S>r6perties and
Application, Plenum Press, New York, New York.
Wilkinson, W. D., 1962, Uranium Metallurgy, Interscience.
Williams, S. C., 1965, Report on Titanium, The Ninth Industrial
Metal.
Wise, Edmund M-., 1964, Gold; Recovery, Properties and
Applications, Van Nostrand, New York, New York.
2223
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"Zinc" Final Water Quality Criteria, PB117897, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards (45
FR 79318-79379, November 28, 1980).
Zinc Institute, Inc., U. S_._ Zinc and Cadmium Industries, Annual
Review, 1981, New York, New York:
Zinc Institute, Inc., Zinc, December, 1983.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1986-491-191/52943
2224
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