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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
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2517

-------
  SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VI
                          TABLE VI-2

                TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

 1.  acenaphthene
 2.  acrolein
 3.  acrylonitrile
 5.  benzidene
 8.  1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
 9.  hexachlorobenzene
12.  hexachloroethane
13.  1,1-dichloroethane
14.  I,lr2-trichloroethane
15.  1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16.  chloroethane
17.  bis(2-chloromethyl) ether (Deleted)
18.  bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20.  2-chloronaphthalene
22.  parachlorometa cresol
25.  1,2-dichlorobenzene
26.  1,3-dichlorobenzene
27.  1,4-dichlorobenzene
28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
29.  1r1-dichloroethylene
31.  2,4-dichlorophenol
32.  1,2-dichloropropane
33.  1,2-dichloropropylene (1,3-dichloropropene)
35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene
36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene
37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine
38.  ethylbenzene
39.  fluoranthene
40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
43.  bis(2.choroethoxy) methane
45.  methyl chloride (chloromethane)
46.  methyl bromide (bromomethane)
49.  trichlorofluoromethane (Deleted)
50.  dichlorodifluoromethane (Deleted)
52.  hexachlorobutadiene
53.  hexachlorocyclopentadiene
55.  naphthalene
56.  nitrobenzene
58.  4-nitrophenol
59.  2,4-dinitrophenol
60.  4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
61.  N-nitrosodimethylamine
63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64.  pentachlorophenol
67.  butyl benzyl phthalate
                              2518

-------
  SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                            SECT - VI
 72.
 73.
 74.
 75.
 76.
 77.
 78.
 79.
 80.
 81.
 82.
 83.
 84.
 85.
 87.
 88.
 89.
 90.
 91.
 92.
 93.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
116.
129.
               (1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene)
               (w,e,-o-phenylenepyrene)
               TABLE VI-2 (Continued)

           TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

benzo (a)anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene)
benzo (a)pyrene (3,4-benzopyrene)
3,4-benzofluoranthene
benzo(k)fluoranthene (11,12-benzofluoranthene)
chrysene
acenaphthylene
anthracene
benzo(ghi)perylene (1,11-benzoperylene)
fluorene
phenanthrene
dibenzo  (a,h)anthracene
indeno (l,2,3-cd)pyrene
pyrene
tetrachloroethylene
trichloroethylene
vinyl chloride  (chloroethylene)
aldrin*
dieldrin*
chlordane*
4,4'-DDT*
4,4'-DDE(p,p'DDX)*
4,4'-DDD(p,p TDE)*
a-endosulfan-Alpha*
b-endosulfan-Beta*
endosulfan sulfate*
endrin*
endrin aldehyde*
heptachlor*
heptachlor epoxide*
a-BHC-Alpha*
b-BHC-Beta*
r-BHC  (lindane)-Gamma*
g-BHC-Delta*
                    1242)*
                    1254)*
                    1221)*
                    1232)*
                    1248)*
                    1260)*
                    1016)*
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
toxaphene*
asbestos
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
                           (TCDD)
+We did not analyze for these pollutants in samples of raw
 wastewater from this subcategory.  These pollutants are not
 believed to be present based on the Agency's best engineering
 judgment  which  includes  consideration of  raw  materials  and
process operations.
                               2519

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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI
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                           2520

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      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS,SUBCATEGORY    SECT -VII



                           SECTION VII

               CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES


The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the  sources,
flows,  and  characteristics of the  wastewaters  from  secondary
precious metals plants.  This section summarizes the  description
of  these wastewaters and indicates the level of treatment  which
is currently practiced by plants in the secondary precious metals
subcategory for each waste stream.

CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES

This  section  presents  a summary of the control  and  treatment
technologies  that  are currently being applied to  each  of  the
sources generating wastewater in this subcategory.   As discussed
in  Section V,  wastewater associated with the secondary precious
metals  subcategory  is  characterized by  the  presence  of  the
toxic  metal  pollutants, free and  complexed  cyanide,  ammonia,
combined  metals (gold, platinum, and palladium),  and  suspended
solids.  The raw (untreated) wastewater data for specific sources
as  well  as combined waste streams are presented in  Section  V.
Generally,  these  pollutants are present in each  of  the  waste
streams  at  concentrations above treatability, and  these  waste
streams are commonly combined for treatment.  Construction of one
wastewater treatment system for combined treatment allows  plants
to  take advantage of economies of scale and, in'some  instances,
to  combine streams of differing alkalinity to  reduce  treatment
chemical  requirements.  Twenty-four plants in  this  subcategory
currently  have  combined wastewater treatment systems,  20  have
chemical  precipitation and sedimentation, and one of  these  has
chemical  precipitation, sedimentation and  pressure  filtration.
One  plant  currently strips ammonia with air, and  eight  plants
currently  treat  for cyanide.  Seven of the eight  use  alkaline
oxidation,  and  one  plant  precipitates  cyanide  with  ferrous
sulfate.   Three  plants  currently  practice  ion  exchange  for
removal  of  gold, platinum, and palladium.  Three  options  have
been   selected  for  consideration  for  BPT,  BAT,  NSPS,   and
pretreatment in this subcategory, based on combined treatment  of
these compatible waste  streams.

FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

Air   emission  sources   in  secondary  precious  metals   furnace
operations  include  incinerator and smelting furnaces._  Eighteen
secondary  precious  metals producers control air emissions  using
various methods.  These are:

      1.  Dry baghouse  - 11 plants, and
      2.  Wet scrubber  - seven  plants.

Priority  organics,    metals,   cyanide,  combined  metals   (gold,
platinum,  and palladium),  and  suspended solids are present  at


                                2521

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       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VII


 treatable  concentrations  in the wastewater  produced by  furnace
 wet air  pollution control.   Two plants  producing  this  wastewater
 practice  complete  recycle.   Two practice  partial   recycle   (>90
 percent).   Three practice no recycle. Treatment methods used are:

      1.   No treatment  -  two plants,  and
      2.   Chemical precipitation and  sedimentation - three  plants.

 One  plant producing this wastewater practices  ion  exchange   end-
 of-pipe  treatment.

 RAW MATERIAL GRANULATION

 Three of   four plants reporting this waste stream  discharge  it.
 The three  discharging  plants  do not  practice  recycle or treatment
 of  this  waste stream.    The non-discharging plant practices  total
 recycle.

 SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS

 Spent or contaminated  cyanide solutions from  electroplating  shops
 may  have  the precious metal  values  recovered by  a.  precipitation
 or   electrolytic process.   The waste stream  is characterized  by
 treatable   concentrations of  priority organics  and   metals,   free
 and  complexed cyanide,   combined metals   (gold,   platinum,   and
 palladium),   and TSS.    Treatment   methods for   this   wastewater
 consist of:


 1.   Total  cyanide precipitation using ferrous sulfate  -
     one plant,
 2.   Free cyanide destruction  using alkaline oxidation  -
     six plants,
 3.   Chemical  precipitation  and  sedimentation  - one  plant,
     and
 4.   Contractor  disposal  - four  plants.

 Pour  plants   that have  cyanide  pretreatment also   have  chemical
 precipitation  and sedimentation  end-of-pipe treatment.  The plant
 which  uses   ferrous   sulfate also uses  alkaline   oxidation   for
 cyanide treatment.

 One  plant producing this wastewater practices ion  exchange  end-
 of-pipe treatment.

 SPENT CYANIDE  STRIPPING  SOLUTIONS

 Six plants use potassium or sodium cyanide  solution  to  strip gold
 away from scrap.   Four plants employ contractor disposal methods
 to  achieve  zero discharge of spent  stripping  solution.    This
wastewater contains priority metals,   free and complexed cyanide,
 combined metals  (gold,   platinum,  and palladium),  and TSS above
 treatable  concentrations.   One  of the two  discharging  plants
destroys   the    free   cyanide  with  chlorine   gas   (alkaline
oxidation).  The  other  plant destroys  the  free  and  complexed


                               2522

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VII
cyanide  with  ferrous  sulfate,   and  then  practices  chemical
precipitation and sedimentation.

One  plant producing this wastewater practices ion exchange  end-
of-pipe treatment.

REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

Scrubbers   are  used  at  29  plants  to  control   fumes   from
precipitation and filtration processes.  Facilities can use  acid
scrubbers,  alkali.scrubbers, or both types of  scrubbers.   This
wastewater contains treatable concentrations of priority  metals,
combined  metals  (gold, platinum, and palladium)  and  suspended
solids.   Twenty-one  plants discharge this waste-water,  six  of
which practice no recycle, and 15 of which practice recycle of 75
percent or more.  Eight plants do not discharge this  wastewater.
Three  of these plants practice 100 percent recycle, and five  of
them have this wastewater disposed of by a contractor.

At the 21 discharging plants, scrubber water is commonly combined
with other process wastewater and treated in a central  treatment
facility.  Treatment methods used are:

    1.  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - seven plants;
    2.  Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration -
        one plant; and
    3.  No treatment - 13 plants.

Two  plants producing this wastewater practice ion exchange  end-
of-pipe treatment.

GOLD SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFFINATE AND WASH WATER

One  plant  recovers gold by a  solvent  extraction  process,  and
generates a raffinate waste stream and a wash water waste stream.
Priority  metals  and TSS are expected to be found  at  treatable
levels in the  raffinate and wash water.  This waste stream is not
recycled.  Treatment  before discharge consists of neutralization
with caustic,  but no solids are removed.


GOLD SPENT ELECTROLYTE

Wastewater discharges from electrolytic refining consist  of  spent
electrolyte    solution.    Of   the    three   plants    practicing
electrolytic    refining,   one    discharges   wastewater.    This
wastewater   is expected  to contain  treatable  concentrations  of
priority  metals,   ammonia, and TSSi   This waste   stream   is for
recycled.    The    one  discharging  plant   practices    chemical
precipitation   and  sedimenta-tion of the spent electrolyte   prior
to discharge. The other  two plants are zero discharge by   means
of contractor  disposal.
                                2523

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VII
GOLD PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION

Nineteen  of  28 plants which produce gold  by  dissolving  gold-
containing   raw   material   in  acid   and   then   selectively
precipitating it from solution discharge this waste stream.  This
wastewater  contains  priority  metals,  combined  metals   (gold,
platinum,  and  palladium),  ammonia  and  TSS  above   treatable
concentrations.  No plants reported recycling this waste  stream.
Treatment methods for this wastewater consist of:

     1.  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - 10 plants;
     2.  Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration -
         one plant;
     3.  Contractor disposal - seven plants;
     4.  One hundred percent reuse - two plants; and
     5.  No treatment - eight plants.

Two plants producing this wastewater practice ion exchange end-
of-pipe treatment.

PLATINUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION

Fourteen of 18 plants which produce platinum by a dissolution and
selective precipitation process discharge this waste stream. This
wastewater  is  expected  to contain  priority  metals,  combined
metals (gold,  platinum,  and palladium),  ammonia, and TSS above
treatable  concentrations.   No  plants reported  recycling  this
waste stream.  Treatment methods for this wastewater consist of:

    1.  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - 10 plants
        (one with ammonia air stripping);
    2.  Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration -
        one plant;
    3.  No treatment - three plants; and
    4.  Contractor disposal - four plants.

Two  plants producing this wastewater practice ion exchange  end-
of-pipe treatment.

PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION

Fifteen of 20 plants which produce palladium by a dissolution and
selective precipitation process discharge this waste stream. This
wastewater should contain priority metals, combined metals (gold,
platinum,  and  palladium),   ammonia,  and  TSS  above  treatable
concentrations.  No plants reported recycling this waste  stream.
Treatment methods for this wastewater consist of:

     1.  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - nine plants
         (one with ammonia air stripping);
     2.  Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration -
         one plant;
     3.  No treatment - five plants;
     4.  One hundred percent reuse - one plant; and
     5.  Contractor disposal - four plants.


                               2524

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY   ,SECT - VII
Two  plants producing this wastewater practice ion exchange  end-
of-pipe treatment.                                              ,  ,

OTHER PLATINUM GROUP METALS PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION

Two  of three plants using a wet chemistry technique  to  produce'
platinum  group metals such as rhodium and iridium discharge this
waste stream.   This waste stream is expected to contain priority
metals,  ammonia and TSS.   Treatment methods for this wastewater
consist of:

     1.  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - one plant,
     2.  No treatment - one plant, and
     3.  Contractor disposal - one plant.

SPENT SOLUTION FROM PGC SALT PRODUCTION

Three  of the four plants which produce PGC salt from  pure  gold
and potassium cyanide discharge excess cyanide solution.   Two of
the  three dischargers chlorinate the wastewater to destroy  free
cyanide,  one  has  no  treatment  in-place,  and  one  practices
chemical  precipitation and sedimentation.   The  non-discharging
plant achieves this status by contractor disposal.  The untreated
wastewater contains priority metals, free and complexed  cyanide,
combined  metals  (gold, platinum, and palladium) and  TSS  above
treatable concentrations.                                   ,

One  plant producing this wastewater practices ion exchange  end-
of-pipe treatment.

EQUIPMENT AND FLOOR WASH                          '

Three  plants reported an equipment and floor wash  waste  stream
and  two of these plants discharge it.  This wastewater  contains
priority metals, ammonia, and TSS above treatable concentrations.

No plants reported recycling this waste stream.  Both_discharging
plants practice chemical precipitation and sedimentation.  One of
the two plants air strips ammonia.  The nondischarging plant uses
contractor disposal to achieve this status.

PRELIMINARY TREATMENT  -      .

As discussed in Section V, EPA agreed to add a new building block
for  the preliminary treatment process.   This building block was
not included in the promulgated rule because the Agency  believed
that   the furnace wet air pollution control  (FWAP) building block
accounted  for flows generated by the preparatory  processing  of
basis materials required before these materials can be introduced
into   the main hydrometallurgical refining   system.   Wastewaters
from   this  building  block  should  include  priority  organics,
metals, cyanide,  combined metals  (gold, platinum, and palladium),
and suspended solids, all at treatable concentrations.
                               2525

-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VII
 CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS CONSIDERED

 Based  on an examination of the wastewater sampling  data,   three
 control  and treatment technologies that effectively control  the
 pollutants  found  in secondary precious metals  wastewaters  were
 selected for evaluation.  The effectiveness of these technologies
 is detailed in Section VII of Vol.  I,  and the technology options
 are discussed below.

 OPTION A

 Option  A for the secondary precious metals subcategory  requires
 treatment  technologies to reduce pollutant mass.    The Option  A
 treatment scheme consists of ammonia steam stripping  preliminary
 treatment  applied  to the combined stream of gold   precipitation
 and filtration,   platinum precipitation  and filtration, palladium
 precipitation   and  filtration,  other   platinum    group   metal
 precipitation and filtration,  and equipment and  floor  wash  water;
 and  cyanide precipitation preliminary treatment applied to  the
 combined   stream  of  spent  plating  solution, spent  cyanide
 stripping solution,  and spent  solutions  from PGC salt  production.
 Preliminary  treatment is followed  by  chemical precipitation  and
 sedimentation (lime  and settle)  treatment applied to the combined
 stream   of  steam  stripper  effluent,    cyanide    precipitation
 effluent,   and  the   combined  stream  of  all other  wastewater.
 Chemical  precipitation is used  to  remove metals by the  addition
 of lime or caustic followed by gravity sedimentation.    Suspended
 solids  are also removed by the process.    End-of-pipe  treatment
 consisting  of  ion   exchange  is  included for removal  of   gold,
 platinum and palladium.

 OPTION B

 Option  B  for  the  secondary precious metals  subcategory  consists
 of  ammonia  steam stripping,  cyanide   precipitation,   chemical
 precipitation,    sedimentation   and   ion   exchange   technology
 considered  in Option  A plus control technologies to  reduce   the
 discharge  of wastewater  volume.   Recycle  of  furnace  and  refinery
 scrubber water as  well  as  raw  material granulation  water  are   the
 principal  control  mechanisms for  flow  reduction.

 OPTION  C

 Option  C  for  the  secondary precious metals  subcategory   consists
 of the  ammonia steam stripping, cyanide precipitation,  in-process
 flow   reduction,   chemical precipitation,  sedimentation   and   ion
 exchange '  technology  considered  in  Option  B  plus  multimedia
 filtration  technology added  in between the sedimentation  and   ion
 exchange   steps  of  the Option B  treatment  scheme.  Multimedia
 filtration   is  used  to   remove  suspended  solids,    including
precipitates  of metals, beyond the concentration  attainable  by
gravity      sedimentation.   The  filter  suggested   is  of   the
gravity,  mixed media type, although other forms of  filters  such
as   rapid  sand   filters  or  pressure   filters  would   perform


                               2526

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VII


satisfactorily.  The addition of filters also provides consistent
removaf during  periods in which there are  rapid  increases  in
f?Sws or loadings of pollutants to the treatment system.
The Aaency believes that it may be necessary for some  facilities
to  uir sulfide polishing in order to  achieve, the  promulgated
effluent  limitations  because  of high  Zmc  Castrations  or
comolexinq  problems.  Because  the Agency  believes  that  these
situations  will be the exception, rather than the rule,  sulfide

                                 2527

-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VII
        THIS  PAGE  INTENTIONALLY  LEFT  BLANK
                        2528

-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII



                          SECTION VIII

           COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS


This  section  presents  a summary of compliance  costs  for  the
secondary  precious  metals subcategory and a description of  the
treatment  options and subcategory-specific assumptions  used  to
develop .these estimates.   Together with the estimated pollutant
reduction performance presented in Sections IX. X, XI, and Xll^of
this  supplement,  these  cost  estimates  provide  a  basis  for
evaluating each regulatory option.  These cost estimates are also
used in determining the probable economic impact of regulation on
the  subcategory  at different pollutant  discharge  levels.   In
addition,  this section addresses nonwater quality  environmental
impacts   of  wastewater  treatment  and  control   alternatives,
including  air pollution, solid wastes, and energy  requirements,
which are specific to the secondary precious metals subcategory.

TREATMENT'OPTIONS FOR EXISTING SOURCES

As  discussed in Section VII,  three treatment options have  been
developed  for existing secondary precious metals  sources.   The
treatment  schemes  for  each  option are  summarized  below  and
schematically presented in Figures X-l through X-3  (page 2592).

OPTION A

Option  A  consists  of  ammonia  steam  stripping  and   cyanide
precipitation    preliminary   treatment   (where    required),   and
chemical  precipitation, sedimentation and ion  exchange  end-of-
pipe technology.

OPTION B

Option B  consists  of in-process  flow  reduction measures,  ammonia
steam  stripping and cyanide  precipitation preliminary   treatment
 (where required),  and chemical  precipitation,  sedimentation and
ion  exchange   end-of-pipe   technology.    The   in-process  flow
reduction measures consists  of  the  recycle of  furnace  scrubber
water  and   refinery   scrubber   water as  well  as   raw  material
granulation  water  through  holding tanks.

OPTION C

Option   C  requires   the in-process  flow  reduction  measures   of
Option   B,   ammonia   steam  stripping and cyanide   precipitation
preliminary   treatment,    and  end-of-pipe   treatment  technology
 consisting  of chemical precipitation,   sedimentation,   multimedia
 filtration,  and ion  exchange.

 The Agency  believes  that it  may be  necessary  for  some  facilities
 to  use   sulfide  polishing  in order to achieve   the  promulgated
 effluent  limitations   because  of  high  zinc  concentrations   or


                                2529

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII


 complexing  problems.  Because  the Agency  believes  that  these
 situations  will be the exception, rather than the rule,  sulfide
 polishing  is  not specif-ically included as part  of  the  model
 technology   on  which  effluent  limitations   and   performance
 standards are based.   The Agency has, however, evaluated the cost
 associated  with  the  use  of  sulfide  polishing  at  secondary
 precious  metals plants.   After performing this  evaluation,  the
 Agency has concluded  that sulfide polishing will result in a very
 small  (less than 5 percent)  incremental increase  in  wastewater
 treatment costs at a  typical  secondary precious metals facility.

 COST METHODOLOGY

 A  detailed  discussion of the methodology used  to  develop  the
 compliance  costs  is presented in Section VIII  of  the  General
 Development  Document.  Plant-by-plant compliance costs  for  the
 nonferrous  metals manufacturing category  calculate   incremental
 costs above treatment already in place,  necessary to  comply   with
 promulgated effluent  limitations and  standards and are  presented
 in   the   administrative record supporting this  regulation.    The
 costs developed for the final regulation are  presented in  Tables
 VIII-1 and VIII-2 (page 2343)for direct  and indirect   dischargers
 in  this  subcategory,  respectively.

 (1)   For   overlap  plants   (i.e.,   secondary   precious  metals  -
      secondary   silver  or  secondary  precious  metals   -  secondary
      tungsten    plants),    costs    and  removal    estimates   are
      apportioned on a flow-weighted basis.   The  total  flow  used
      for  flow-weighting costs  includes recycled floor  wash water,
      whereas the  total  flow used  for  flow-weighting removals does
      not  include  floor wash water.


 (2)  A  flow  allowance  for  floor  washing  is  assumed   for  each
     plant  of   the  basis  of   1.0   liter  per   troy  ounce   of
     precious metals,  including silver, produced  in the  refinery.
     The  flow  allowance is based  on  the rates reported  by  the
     three plants supplying information about  this stream.  Table
     V-13   (page  2372) shows water use rates of  14.2,   1.0,  and
     0.97  liters  per troy ounce. The highest rate  was  omitted
     because it is more than 10 times  the next highest rate.  The
     flow  allowance  was  based an the average of the  two  lower
     rates.

(3)   Floor  wash  water  is  obtained  by  recycling   wastewater
     treated by chemical precipitation and sedimentation for  all
     options.  The  recycle ratio is equal to the flow  of  floor
     wash water divided by the total flow to treatment.

(4)   If a_plant has a  precipitation and filtration operation  for
     platinum,   palladium,  other platinum group metals (PGM),  or
     silver  (from photographic raw materials), we  assume  floor
     wash  water requires  ammonia stripping to meet the  proposed
     ammonia limitations.
                               2530

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     SECONDARY PRECIOUS  METALS  SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII


(5)   All   sludge produced from  lime precipitation is expected  to
     be   nonhazardous.    All  sludge   produced   from   cyanide
     precipitation is hazardous,  under RCRA regulations.

(6)   All    precipitation   and    filtration   wastewater    (gold,
     platinum,   palladium,  or    other  PGM)  are  assumed   to
     undergo  cementation  prior   to  entering  waste  treatment.
     Zinc  cementation  is  assumed unless  iron  cementation  is
     specifically  noted  as  in-place.    Costs  for  installing
     and   operating  a  cementation system are  not  included  in
     the   cost estimates because  cementation is not considered  a
     wastewater  treatment operation.  .Only the zinc     or  iron
     raw   waste  values  are changed by  operating  a  cementation
     process.    The  revised raw  waste values  impact  a   plant's
     waste treatment cost.

(7)   Ammonia  stripping   costs   for plants having  less  than  50
     liters  per hour of water  requiring stripping are  based  on
     air   stripping via  agitation-aeration in the batch  chemical
     precipitation tank  instead of steam.strippingJ  These  costs
     include a blower, sparger  and hood.

(8)   Costs for ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment are  completely
     offset  by  the  gold, platinum,  and  palladium      values
     recovered by this system.


NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS

A  general  discussion  of the nonwater quality  aspects  of  the
control  and  treatment   options considered  for  the  nonferrous
metals category is contained in Section VIII of Vol. I.  Nonwater
quality  impacts  specific  to  the  secondary  precious   metals
subcategory,  including  energy requirements, solid waste and  air
pollution are discussed  below.

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

The methodology used for determining the energy requirements  for
the  various options is  discussed in Section VIII of the  General
Development Document.  Energy requirements for the three  options
considered are estimated at 5.30 x 106 kwh/yr, 5.31 x 106 kwh/yr,
and' 5.48  x 106 kwh/yr  for Options A, B,  and  C,  respectively.
Option  B energy requirements are similar to those for Option  A.
Because  less water  is being treated, energy costs for  lime  and
settle  treatment  are less; however, recycle equipment  such  as
holding tanks and pumps require additional energy, offsetting the
energy   savings.    Option  C,   which  includes  filtration,   is
estimated  to  increase  energy  consumption  over  Option  B  by
approximately  1 percent.  Option C  represents roughly 8  percent
of  a typical plant's electrical energy usage.  It  is  therefore
concluded  that the  energy requirements of the treatment  options
considered  will  not have a significant impact  on  total  plant
energy consumption.
                               2531

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      SECONDARY  PRECIOUS  METALS  SUBCATEGORY     SECT  -  VIII


 SOLID WASTE

 Sludge  generated  in  the secondary  precious metals  subcategory  is
 due   to  the precipitation of metal  hydroxides  and   cyanide   using
 lime  and other  chemicals.   Sludges  associated  with  the   secondary
 precious metals subcategory will necessarily  contain  quantities
 of  priority  metal pollutants.  Wastes   generated  by   secondary
 metal industries  can be regulated as hazardous.   However,  the
 Agency  examined   the solid wastes that  would  be  generated   at
 secondary nonferrous  metals manufacturing plants by the suggested
 treatment technologies and believes they  are not hazardous  wastes
 under the Agency's regulations  implementing Section  3001 of  the
 Resource Conservation   and Recovery Act.  The one  exception   to
 this   is solid  wastes generated  by  cyanide precipitation.   These
 sludges   are  expected   to be hazardous   and   this  judgment  was
 included in  this  study.  None of the   non-cyanide  wastes  are
 listed specifically as hazardous.   Nor are they  likely  to.exhibit
 a characteristic of hazardous waste.  This judgment is  made based
 on    the  recommended    technology  of   lime     precipitation,
 sedimentation,  and filtration.   By  the addition  of  a  small  excess
 (5-10%)   of lime during  treatment,  similar sludges,   specifically
 priority metal bearing sludges, generated by  other   industries
 such   as the   iron   and steel   industry  passed the   Extraction
 Procedure (EP) toxicity test.   (See 40 CPR $261.24.)   Thus,  the
 Agency believes that  the    wastewater sludge will similarly not
 be EP toxic if  the recommended technology is applied.

 Although it is  the Agency's view that solid wastes  generated as a
 result  of  these guidelines are not expected  to   be   hazardous,
 generators  of  these wastes must test the waste to determine   if
 the   wastes  meet any of the characteristics of  hazardous  waste
 (see  40  CFR $262.11).

 If these wastes identified  should be or are listed  as   hazardous,
 they   will  come  within the scope  of RCRA s   "cradle   to   grave"
 hazardous waste management program, requiring  regulation from the
 point  of  generation  to  point  of  final  disposition.   EPA's
 generator   standards  would  require  generators   of   hazardous
 nonferrous metals manufacturing  wastes to meet   containerization,
 labeling,  recordkeeping, and reporting requirements;   if   plants
 dispose  of hazardous wastes off-site, they would have to  prepare
 a manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from  the
 generator's premises  to  a permitted off-site treatment,  storage,
 or  disposal facility.   See 40 CFR  $262.20 [45 FR 33142  (May  19,
 1980),   as  amended  at  45 FR 86973 (December  31,   1980)].   The
 transporter  regulations require transporters of hazardous  waste
 to comply with  the manifest system  to assure that the wastes  are
 delivered  to  a permitted facility.  See 40 CFR $263.20  [45  FR
 33151  (May  19, 1980),  as amended'at 45 FR 86973   (December  31,
 1980)].   Finally,   RCRA  regulations  establish  standards   for
 hazardous  waste  treatment,  storage,   and  disposal   facilities
allowed  to receive such wastes.   See 40 CFR Part 464 [46 FR  2802
 (January 12,  1981), 47 FR 32274   (July 26,  1982)].

Even if  these wastes are not identified as hazardous,    they still


                               2532

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     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS;SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VIII
must  be disposed of in compliance with the Subtitle D open dump-
ing  standards,  implementing  $4004 of RCRA.   See 44  FR  53438
(September 13,  1979).   The Agency has calculated as part of the
costs for wastewater treatment the cost of hauling and  disposing
of  these  wastes.

The  Agency  estimates  that the promulgated BPT  regulation  for
secondary precious metals manufacturing facilities will  generate
523  metric tons of solid wastes (wet basis) in 1982 as a  result
of wastewater treatment.   Promulgated BAT will not significantly
increase  sludge  generation,  however promulgated PSES will  add
1,585 metric tons of solid waste per year which- includes 344 tons
per  year  of cyanide bearing sludges from treatment  of  cyanide
bearing wastewaters by cyanide precipitation.    ,

AIR POLLUTION       ,                      :

There is no reason to believe that any substantial air  pollution
problems  will  result  from  implementation  of  ammonia   steam
stripping,   cyanide   precipitation,   chemical   precipitation,
sedimentation,  multimedia  filtration and ion  exchange.   These
technologies  transfer  pollutants  to solid waste  and  are  not
likely to transfer pollutants to air.
                               2533

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     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - VIII
                          TABLE VIII-1

              COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY
                   PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                       DIRECT DISCHARGERS

The costs for this subcategory are not presented here because the
data on which they are based are claimed to be confidential.
                          TABLE VII1-2

              COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY
                   PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                      INDIRECT DISCHARGERS

                      (March, 1982 Dollars)
 Option


   A

   B

   C
Total Required
 Capital Cost
 1,774,400

 1,707,000

 1,809,400
  Total
Annual Cost
 1,078,000

 1,034,000

 1,100,500
                               2534

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      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - IX
                           SECTION IX

               BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
                       CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
This  section  defines the  effluent  characteristics  attainable
through  the  application of best practicable control  technology
currently available (BPT),  Section 301(b)(a)(A).    BPT  reflects
the  existing performance by plants of various sizes,  ages,  and
manufacturing  processes  within the  secondary  precious  metals
subcategory,  as  well  as  the established  performance  of  the
model  BPT  systems.  Particular consideration is  given  to  the
treatment already in place at plants within the data base.

The  factors considered in identifying BPT include the total cost
of applying the technology in relation to the effluent  reduction
benefits  from  such  application,  the  age  of  equipment   and
facilities   involved,  the  manufacturing  processes   employed,
nonwater   quality   environmental  impacts   (including   energy
requirements),  and  other factors  the  Administrator  considers
appropriate.  In general  the BPT level represents the average to
the  existing  performances  of plants of  various  ages,  sizes,
processes,  or  other  common  characteristics.   Where  existing
performance is uniformly inadequate, BPT may be transferred  from
a  different  subcategory  or  category.   Limitations  based  on
transfer  of technology are supported by a  rationale  concluding
that  the technology is  indeed, transferable, and  a  reasonable
prediction  that it will be capable of achieving  the  prescribed
effluent  limits (see Tanner's Council of America v.  Train.  540
F.2d 1188 (4th Cir. 1176)).  BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment
rather  than process changes or internal controls,  except  where
such practices are common within the subcategory.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT

The Agency studied the nonferrous metals category to identify the
processes  used  the  wastewaters generated,  and  the  treatment
processes installed. Information was collected from the  category
using  data  collection  portfolios,  and  specific  plants  were
sampled  and  the  wastewaters  analyzed.   In  making  technical
assessments  of  data,  reviewing  manufacturing  processes,  and
assessing wastewater treatment technology options, both  indirect
and  direct dischargers have been considered as a  single  group.
An  examination  of  plants and processes did  not  indicate  any
process differences based on the type of discharge, whether it be
direct or indirect.

As  explained  in  Section  IV,  the  secondary  precious  metals
subcategory  has  been subdivided into  14  potential  wastewater
sources.  Since  the water use, discharge  rates,   and  pollutant
characteristics  of  each  of these  wastewaters  is  potentially
unique, effluent limitations have been developed for each of  the
14 building blocks.
                               2535

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                                    SECT - IX
For  each of the subdivisions, a specific approach  was  followed
for   the  development  of  BPT  mass  limitations.   The   first
requirement  to  calculate these limitations is  to  account  for
production and flow variability from plant to plant.   Therefore,
a  unit of production or production normalizing  parameter  (PNP)
was determined for each waste stream which -could then be  related
to the flow from the process to determine a production normalized
flow. Selection of the PNP for each process element is  discussed
in  Section  IV.   Each plant within  the  subcategory  was  then
analyzed  to  determine  which  subdivisions  were  present,  the
specific  flow  rates  generated for each  subdivision,  and  the
specific production normalized flows for each subdivision.   This
analysis  is  discussed  in  detail  in  Section  V.   Nonprocess
wastewaters such as. rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling  water
are not considered in the analysis.

Production  normalized flows were then analyzed to determine  the
flow  to be used as part of the basis for BPT  mass  limitations.
The  selected  flow (sometimes referred to as the BPT  regulatory
flow or BPT discharge rate) reflects the water use controls which
are  common practices within the category.   The  BPT  regulatory
flow is based on the average to all applicable data.  Plants with
normalized  flows  above the average may have to  implement  some
method of flow reduction to achieve the BPT limitations.
                                                           /
The  second requirement to calculate mass limitations is the  set
of  concentrations that are achievable by application of the  BPT
level of treatment technology.  Section VII discusses the various
control  and treatment technologies which are currently in  place
for  each wastewater source.  In most cases, the current  control
and treatment technologies consist of chemical precipitation  and
sedimentation  (lime and settle) technology and a combination  of
reuse  and  recycle to reduce flow.  Ammonia steam  stripping  is
applied  to  streams with treatable  concentrations  of  ammonia.
Cyanide  precipitation  is  applied  to  streams  with  treatable
concentrations' of free and complexed cyanide.  Ion  exchange  is
applied  as an effluent polishing step to reduce combined, metals
(gold, platinum, and palladium), and palladium concentrations.

Using  these regulatory flows and the achievable  concentrations,
the  next step is to calculate mass loadings for each  wastewater
source 'or subdivision.  This calculation was made on a stream-by-
stream  basis,  primarily because plants in this subcategory  may
perform one or more of the operations in various combinations.
The  mass
production
regulatory
BPT  level
parameter
published
loadings (milligrams of pollutant per  troy  ounce  of
 - mg/T.O.)  were  calculated by multiplying  the  BPT
 flow (1/T.O.) by the concentration achievable by  the
 of  treatment technology (mg/1)  for  each  pollutant
to  be limited under BPT.   These  mass  loadings  are
in  the  Federal Register and in CFR Part 421  as  the
effluent limitations guidelines.

The mass loadings which are allowed under BPT for each plant will
                               2536

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX


be  the  sum  of the individual mass  loadings  for  the  various
wastewater   sources  which  are  found  at  particular   plants.
Accordingly*  all the wastewater generated within a plant may  be
combined  for treatment in a single or common  treatment  system,
but  the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters  are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to  the combined flow.  This method accounts for the  variety  of
combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
may be found at secondary precious metals plants.              :

The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass  rather than concentration.   This approach prevents the use
of  dilution as a treatment method (except for  controlling  pH).
The  production  normalized  wastewater flow (1/T.O.) is  a  link
between  the production operations and the effluent  limitations.
The  pollutant  discharge attributable to each operation  can  be
calculated  from the normalized flow and  effluent  concentration
achievable  by  the treatment technology and summed to derive  an
appropriate limitation for each plant.

INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

In  balancing costs in relation to pollutant  removal  estimates,
EPA  considers the volume and nature of existing discharges,  the
volume  and  nature of discharges expected after  application  of
BPT, the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the
cost  and  economic  impacts of the  required  pollution  control
level.  The Act does not require or permit consideration of water
quality  problems  attributable to particular  point  sources  or
industries,  or  water  quality improvements in particular  water
quality bodies.  Accordingly,  water quality considerations  were
not the basis for selecting the proposed or promulgated BPT.  See
Weyerhaeuser Company v. Costle, 590 F.2d 1011 (D.C. Cir. 1978).

The  methodology for calculating pollutant removal estimates  and
plant compliance costs is discussed in Section X.  The  pollutant
removal  estimates  have  been revised since  proposal  based  on
comments  and on new data.  Tables X-2 and XII-1 (pages 2574  and
2619)  show the estimated pollutant removals for  each  treatment
option for direct and indirect dischargers.  Compliance costs are
presented in Tables X-3 and XII-2 (pages 2575 and 2620).

BPT OPTION SELECTION

The  technology  basis  for  the BPT  limitations  is  Option  A,
chemical  precipitation  and sedimentation technology  to  remove
metals  and solids from combined wastewaters and to  control  pH,
ammonia steam stripping to remove ammonia, cyanide  precipitation
to  remove free and complexed cyanide and ion exchange to  remove
gold,  platinum  and palladium.  The  promulgated  technology  is
equivalent  to the proposed technology with the addition  of  ion
exchange.  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation technology is
already in-place at 20 of the plants in the subcategory including
all four direct dischargers.  One plant has cyanide precipitation
in-place.   Three  plants currently practice ion  exchange.   The


                               2537

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      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX


technology  bases for steam stripping and  cyanide  precipitation
are  discussed below.  The pollutants specifically  proposed  for
regulation  at BPT are copper, cyanide, zinc,  ammonia,  combined
metals   (gold,   platinum,   and  palladium),   TSS,   and   pH.
The Agency believes that it may be necessary for some  facilities
to  use  sulfide polishing in order to  achieve  the  promulgated
effluent  limitations  because  of high  zinc  concentrations  or
complexing  problems.  Because  the Agency  believes  that  these
situations  will be the exception, rather than the rule,  sulfide
polishing  is  not  specifically included as part  of  the  model
technology on which the BPT effluent limitations are based.   The
Agency  has, however, evaluated the cost associated with the  use
of sulfide polishing at secondary precious metals plants.   After
performing this evaluation, the Agency has concluded that sulfide
polishing  will  result  in a very small (less  than  5  percent)
incremental  increase in wastewater treatment costs at a  typical
secondary precious metals facility.

Implementation  of  the promulgated BPT limitations  will  remove
annually  an  estimated 34,634 kg of priority  pollutants  (which
includes 6.3 kg of cyanide), 490 kg of ammonia, and 18,420 kg  of
TSS.

The  compliance costs for this subcategory are not presented here
because the data on which they are based have been claimed to  be
confidential.   The  Agency  has  determined  that  the  benefits
justify the costs for this subcategory.

More stringent technology options were not selected for BPT since
they  require  in-process changes end-of-pipe  technologies  less
widely  practiced in the subcategory,  and,  therefore,  are more
appropriately considered under BAT.

In  response to a comment about high zinc concentrations  in  raw
wastewater, EPA has included sulfide precipitation as a polishing
step  to  treat high zinc concentrations  in  secondary  precious
metals  wastewaters.  The Agency, concluded that the  addition  of
sulfide  precipitation would add only approximately 4 percent  to
the  total  annual costs for wastewater treatment  at  a  typical
secondary  precious metals plant.  Although not including  it  in
the  BPT treatment scheme, the Agency has no doubt that the  CMDB
concentrations  could  be achieved by secondary  precious  metals
plants using sulfide polishing.

Ammonia steam stripping is demonstrated at six facilities in  the
nonferrous  metals manufacturing category.  These facilities  are
treating   ammonia-bearing   wastewaters  associated   with   the
production  of primary tungsten, primary columbium and  tantalum,
primary  molybdenum, secondary tungsten and cobalt,  and  primary
zirconium  and hafnium.  EPA believes that performance data  from
the iron and steel manufacturing category provide a valid measure
of   this   technology's   performance   on   nonferrous   metals
manufacturing   category   wastewater  because   raw   wastewater
concentrations  of ammonia are of the same order of magnitude  in
the respective raw wastewater matrices.


                               2538

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX
Chemical  analysis  data were collected of raw  waste  (treatment
influent)  and treated waste (treatment effluent) from  one  coke
plant  of the iron and steel manufacturing category.   Using  EPA
sampling and chemical analysis protocols, six paired samples were
collected  in a two-month period.  These data are the  data  base
for  determining  the effectiveness of  ammonia  steam  stripping
technology. Ammonia treatment at this coke plant consisted of two
steam   stripping   columns  in  series   with   steam   injected
countercurrently  to the flow of the wastewater.  A lime  reactor
for pH adjustment separated the two stripping columns.

The Agency has verified the proposed steam stripping  performance
values  using  steam  stripping  data  collected  at  a   primary
zirconium and hafnium plant which has raw ammonia levels'as  high
as  any  in the nonferrous metals manufacturing  category.   Data
collected  by  the  plant represent almost  two  years  of  daily
operations,  and  support the long-term mean  used  to  establish
treatment   effectiveness.   Also,  data  from  a   bench   scale
treatability  study  which  was submitted with  comments  on  the
proposed  rulemaking  show  that  the  proposed  steam  stripping
performance  can  be  achieved  with  secondary  precious  metals
wastewaters.

Cyanide  precipitation is demonstrated in the secondary  precious
metals   subcategory   at  one  plant.    Cyanide   precipitation
technology   is  required  for  the  secondary  precious   metals
subcategory  because  existing treatment within  the  subcategory
does  not  effectively remove cyanide.  Most  secondary  precious
metals plant use alkaline oxidation to destroy free cyanide,  but
do   not   effectively   remove   complexed   cyanide.    Cyanide
precipitation  is  directed  at control  of  free  and  complexed
cyanides  in waste streams within the secondary  precious  metals
subcategory.     This   subcategory    collectively    discharges
approximately  557 kg/yr of cyanide.  The achievable  performance
is  transferred from three well-operated coil coating  plants  in
the  coil coating category, and are contained within  the  public
record  supporting  this  document.   The  Agency  believes  this
technology,^  and  the  achievable  concentration   limits,   are
transferable to the secondary precious metals subcategory because
raw  wastewater  cyanide concentrations (prior to  dilution  with
waste streams without cyanide)  are of the same order of magnitude
in  both categories.  Further,  no pollutants were  identified  in
secondary  precious  metals wastewater     that  would  interfere
with the operation or performance of this technology.

Several  discharging plants within the secondary precious  metals
subcategory use chlorine gas or hypochlorite solution to  oxidize
cyanide  in their wastewater.    EPA considered chemical oxidation
using chlorine.   Although the chlorine oxidation process can  be
used  effectively  for wastewater containing  predominantly  free'
cyanides  and  easily oxidizable cyanide  complexes,  the  Agency
determined  that  precipitation  with  ferrous  sulfate  is  more
effective than chlorine oxidation for the removal of iron-cyanide
complexes  which  may be found in the secondary  precious  metals


                               2539

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      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX


wastewater.

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES

A  BPT discharge rate is calculated for each subdivision based on
the  average of the flows of the existing plants,  as  determined,
from  analysis of the dcp.   The discharge rate is used with  the
achievable  treatment  concentrations to determine  BPT  effluent
limitations.  Since the discharge rate may be different for  each
wastewater source, separate production normalized discharge rates
for  each  of the 14 wastewater sources are discussed  below  and
summarized  in Table IX-1 (page 2546).  The discharge  rates  are
normalized  on  a  production basis by  relating  the  amount  of
wastewater  generated  to the mass of  the  intermediate  product
which is produced by the process associated with the waste stream
in  question. These production normalizing parameters,  or  PNPs,
are also listed in Table IX-1.

Section V of this supplement further describes the discharge flow
rates  and  presents the water use and discharge flow  rates  for
each plant by subdivision.

FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

The  BPT  wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated  for
furnace  wet air pollution control is 71.8 liters per troy  ounce
of  precious metals,  including silver,  incinerated or  smelted,
based on zero percent recycle.   This rate is allocated only  for
plants  practicing  wet  air pollution control for  the  furnace.
Seven plants reported this wastewater,  two of whom practice  100
percent recycle (plants 1094 and 1084).  The BPT rate is based on
the  average water use rate of four of the remaining five plants.
Plant  1105  was  omitted  because its water  use  rate  was  not
reported,  and its recycle rate was not quantified.  The BPT rate
is the average of 137, 116, 27.6, and 7.26 liters per troy ounce.
The  distribution  of wastewater rates for this waste  stream  is
presented in Section V (Table V--1, page 2360).

RAW MATERIAL GRANULATION

The  BPT wastewater discharge rate promulgated for  raw  material
granulation  is 6.34 liters per troy ounce of precious metals  in
the  granulated  raw material.   This rate is different than  the
proposed  rate,  which  was 0 liters per troy  ounce.   Based  on
comments received following proposal, the Agency determined  that
a discharge is necessary for raw material granulation water.  The
promulgated  BPT  rate  is  based on the  average  of  the  rates
reported  by two of the three plants whose production  normalized
water  use rates are quantified, plants 1008 and 1094.  As  shown
in Table V-2 (page 2361), these rates are 8.67 and 4.0 liters per
troy  ounce, respectively.  The production normalized  flow  rate
for  plant  1112 was not included in the calculation of  the  BPT
discharge rate for this subdivision as discussed at the front  of
this section.
                                2540

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      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS

The  BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and  promulgated  for
spent  plating solutions is 1.0 liter per liter of spent  plating
solution  raw material.   This rate is applicable to those plants
which  recover  gold  and other precious  metals  from  spent  or
contaminated electroplaters solutions which they receive as a raw
material.  The discharge rate is given in terms of volume of  raw
material   because  EPA  believes  plants  cannot   control   the
concentration of precious metals in this raw material, and should
be allowed to discharge the entire volume of solution coming into
the plant, after recovering the precious metals.  Only the volume
of raw material solution should be allowed to .be discharged,  and
this is why a discharge rate of 1.0 liter per liter was selected.
The 12 plants with this subdivision are shown in Table V-3  (page
2362).

SPENT CYANIDE STRIPPING SOLUTIONS

The  BPT wastewater discharge rate promulgated for spent  cyanide
stripping  solutions  is  3.7  liters  per  troy  ounce  of  gold
recovered  by  cyanide stripping.  This rate  applies  to  plants
which  recover gold by stripping it from a raw material  such  as
electronic  scrap,  with  a  cyanide-based  solution,  and   then
recovering  the gold from this solution.  This rate is  based  on
the average of the lower five of six water use rates reported for
this  stream  in Table V-4 (page 2363).  Plant 1100  was  omitted
because of its excessive water use.  EPA proposed 1.1 liters  per
troy  ounce  for  this  waste stream,  but  stated  that  it  was
considering  4.7 liters per troy ounce and would  select  between
the two based on a variety of factors, including public  comment.
EPA  decided to revise the rate from 1.1; to 3.7 liters  per  troy
ounce  for  promulgation  based on  comments  received  following
proposal.

REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

The  BPT  wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated,  for
refinery wet air pollution control is 21.0 liters per troy  ounce
of precious metals,  including silver,  produced in the refinery,
based on zero percent recycle.   This rate applies to either acid
or  alkaline scrubbers.   If both acid and alkaline scrubbers are
present in a particular facility,  the same rate applies to each.
This  rate  is  allocated  only for  plants  practicing  wet  air
pollution  control  for acid or cyanide fumes  in  the  refinery.
Twenty-eight  plants  reported this waste stream,  five of  which
practice zero percent recycle and discharge the wastewater  (107,
42,  32.8,  6.8,  and 2.4 liters per troy ounce). The BPT rate is
based on the average of the lower four of these five dischargers.
The  highest  flow rate (107 liters per troy ounce)  was  omitted
from  the  BPT  rate calculation because there is  no  reason  to
believe this much; water is needed for this operation in light  of
rates  from  the other plants.  Table V-5 (page 2364)  shows  the
distribution  of water use and discharge rates for  refinery  wet
air  pollution control.  The production normalized flow rate  for


                               2541

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX


plant  1112  was  not  included in the  calculation  of  the  BPT
discharge rate for this subdivision as discussed at the front  of
this section.

GOLD SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFFINATE AND WASH WATER

The  BPT  wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated  for
gold  solvent extraction raffinate and wash water is 0.63  liters
per  troy ounce of gold recovered by  solvent  extraction.   This
discharge rate is allocated only to plants which refine gold by a
solvent  extraction process.  The discharge rate is based on  the
rate  reported  by the only plant with this process (0.63  liters
per troy ounce), as shown in Table V-6 (page 2366).

GOLD SPENT ELECTROLYTE

The  BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and  promulgated  for
gold  spent  electrolyte is 0.0087 liters per troy ounce of  gold
recovered  by  electrolysis.   This rate only applies  to  plants
which  refine gold by electrolysis.  The discharge rate is  based
on the lower of the two rates reported for this wastewater stream
(0.0087  liters  per  troy ounce), as shown in  Table  V-7  (page
2366).  The other flow rate (0.294 liters per troy ounce) is more
than 10 times higher than the selected BPT rate.

GOLD PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION

The  BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and  promulgated  for
gold precipitation and filtration is 4.4 liters per troy ounce of
gold precipitated.  This rate only applies to plants which refine
gold by dissolving gold-containing raw material in acid, and then
recovering  gold by precipitation.   This discharge rate is based
on the final or net quantity of gold produced using this process,
not the amount precipitated through each refining step.   Of  the
28  plants using this process,  nine plants supplied insufficient
information to calculate discharge rates,  two plants report  100
percent reuse of this water, and six plants do not discharge this
waste  stream  by  means of contract hauling (these  plants  have
water use rates of 560.5,  69.1,  3.34,  0.815,  0.63,  and  0.05
liters  per troy ounce).   The BPT discharge rate is based on the
average water use rate of 10 of the 11 discharging plants  (24.3,
7.98,  4.1, 2.65, 2.5, 1.86, 0.341, 0.312. 0.27, and 0.144 liters
per troy ounce).   The plant reporting 404,liters per troy ounces
rate  was  not considered in the average because this  water  use
rate is almost 10 times that of the next highest plant.  Eight of
the  discharging  plants  meet  the  BPT  rate.   Water  use  and
discharge rates are presented in Table V-8 (page 2367).

PLATINUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION

The  BPT  wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated  for
platinum  precipitation  and filtration is 5.2  liters  per  troy
ounce of platinum precipitated.  This rate only applies to plants
which  refine  platinum  by dissolving it in acid  or  base,  and
recover it by precipitation.  This discharge rate is based on the


                               2542

-------
       SECONDARY  PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY
SECT - IX
 filial  or  net  quantity  of metal produced  using  this  process,   not
 the  amount precipitated through  each  refining step.    Of  the   18
 plants using this process,   13 supplied insufficient  information
 to   calculate discharge rates.    Five  plants reported   sufficient
 data (354,  30.2,  10.4,   4.5,  and  0.58 liters per troy   ounce).
 Table  V-9 (page  2369)  presents the water use and discharge  rates
 for  this waste  stream.  The  BPT  discharge  rate is based   on   the
 average   of the  three  lowest  water use rates.   The 354  and  30.2
 liters per   troy  ounce water use rates were   omitted  from   the
 average because  there  is no reason to  believe  this much water   is
 needed for this operation in light  of the  rates from   the other
 plants.

 PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION

 The  BPT   wastewater discharge rate  proposed and promulgated   for
 palladium precipitation and  filtration  was 3.5 liters  per  troy
 ounce  of palladium precipitated.    As a result of the  settlement
 agreement,  EPA  is  proposing to modify the flow rate  from   the
 palladium precipitation and filtration building block from 3.5  to
 6.0  liters per  troy  ounce of precious   metals produced.   This
 change reflects  a recalculation of the average  flow  for  this
 building  block and the incorporation of  new data.  This rate only
 applies to plants which refine palladium by dissolving  it  in acid
 or base,  and  then recovering  it by precipitation.  This discharge
 rate   is   based on the final  or net  quantity   of  metal  produced
 using  this   process,  not  the amount   precipitated  through  each
 refining  step.

 OTHER  PLATINUM GROUP METALS PRECIPITATION AND  FILTRATION

 The  BPT  wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated  for
 other  platinum  group metals  (rhodium,  iridium,  osmium,  and
 ruthenium)  precipitation  and filtration is 5.2 liters per  troy
 ounce  of  platinum group metals precipitated.    This   rate  only
 applies to plants which refine these metals by  dissolving  them  in
 either acid or base,  and then precipitating them.  This discharge
 rate   is  based on the final or net quantity  of  metal  produced
 using  this  process,  not  the amount  precipitated  through  each
 refining  step.  Three plants use this process  and none  reported
 sufficient information to calculate water use or discharge rates.
 This is shown in Table V-ll.   The BPT discharge rate is therefore
 based  on  the platinum .precipitation and  filtration BPT  discharge
 rate derived from Table V-9.   These  two  subdivisions are expected
 to have similar flows  because all five metals  (platinum, rhodium,
 iridium,  osmium, and  ruthenium)  are part of the platinum  group,
and all are refined in a similar manner.

 SPENT  SOLUTION FROM PGC SALT PRODUCTION

The  BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and  promulgated  for
spent  solution from the PGC salt production process is 0.9 liters
per  troy  ounce of gold contained in PGC   product.    This  rate
applies only to plants which manufacture  a potassium gold cyanide
salt  product   by  reacting  pure  gold  with  potassium  cyanide
                               2543

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - IX
solution.  There are four plants reporting this process, as shown
in  Table V-12 (page 2371).  The plant reporting 260  liters  per
troy  ounce  explained  that  part to that water  is  used  in  a
scrubber  above  the  reaction vessel, and  the  two  flow  rates
(discharging  excess solution and scrubber liquor) could  not  be
separated.   It  is  likely  that  most  of  that  plant's,  water
discharge is due to the scrubber.  The plant reporting 0.9 liters
per  troy  ounce  confirmed  that its  water , discharge  was  due
entirely to the excess reaction solution.  Because the data  froip.
the  plant  reporting  260 liters per troy  ounce  could  not  be
apportioned  between scrubber liquor and spent solution, the  BPT
wastewater  discharge  is based upon 0.9 liters per  troy  ounce.
The  production  normalized  flow rate for  plant  1112 . was  not
included  in the calculation of the BPT discharge rate*  for  this
subdivision as discussed at the front of this section.

EQUIPMENT AND FLOOR WASH

The  BPT  wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated  for
equipment  and floor wash is 0 liters per troy ounce of  precious
metals,  including  silver,  produced in the refinery.   The  BPT
discharge rate is based on recycle of treated effluent for use as
raw  water  for equipment and floor  wash.   In  precious  metals
refineries,  EPA  realizes  there is a possibility of  accidental
leaks and spills,  which may contain precious metals and  silver,
and  need to be recovered by washing the equipment and the floor.
We  believe  that  wastewater treatment  plant  effluent  can  be
recycled  for this purpose,  increasing the capacity of treatment
but not the actual amount of water discharged.
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT

As discussed in Sections V and VII,  EPA agreed to establish  BPT
limitations for a new building block,  preliminary treatment, for
the  secondary  precious  metals  subcategory.    The  BPT  water
discharge  rate  for this block is 50 liters per  troy  ounce  of
precious metal produced.  The flow basis is based on  information
that is considered confidential.

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations  and
the  subcategory  as  a whole were  examined  to  select  certain
pollutant  parameters  for  limitation.   This  examination   and
evaluation  was  presented  in Section VI.   Seven  pollutant  or
pollutant  parameters  selected for limitation under BPT and  are
listed below:

     120.  copper
     121.  cyanide
     128.  zinc
           ammonia (as N)
           combined metals (gold, platinum, and palladium)
           total suspended solids (TSS)
                               2544

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - IX
           PH

EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

The  concentrations achievable by application of the  promulgated
BPT  treatment  are  explained  in Section  VII  of  Vol.  I  and
summarized  there  in Table VII-21 (page  248).   The  achievable
treatment  concentrations  (both  one-day  maximum  and   monthly
average  values) are multiplied by the BPT  normalized  discharge
flows summarized in Table IX-1 (page 2546) to calculate the  mass
of pollutants allowed to be discharged per mass of product.   The
results  of   these calculations in milligrams of  pollutant  per
troy ounce of product represent the BPT effluent limitations  and
are  presented  in  Table IX-2 (page 2548)  for  each  individual
building block.
                               2545

-------
          SECONDARY  PRECIOUS  METALS  SUBCATEGORY      SECT  -  IX
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                                           2546

-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEC5ORY     SECT  - IX

























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                                   2547

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                             SECT - IX
                           TABLE IX-2

                  BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
     Maximum for
     any one day
  Maximum for
  monthly average
     rag/troy ounce of precious metals incinerated or smelted
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH    Within the
        206.100
        150.100
         24.410
         31.590
        136.400
         20.820
         30.160
        137.900
         88.310
         29.440
        147.200
        104.800
      9,571.000
         21.540
      2,944.000
range of 7.5 to 10,
   91
   66
   10
   12
   71
    8
   14
   91
   39
   12
   65
   43
4,207
            .900
            .770
            .770
            .920
            .800
            .616
            .360
            .190
            .490
            .210
            .340
            .800
            .000
       1,400.000
0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2548

-------
      SECONDARY.PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                       SECT
          IX ;,
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

                  BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR, THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(b) Raw Material Granulation BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
 Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/troy ounce of precious metals in the granulated raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc ' :
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
18.200
13.250
2.156
2.790
12.050
1.839
2.663
12.170
7.798
2.599
13.000
9.256 -.--.
845.100
1.902 ,
259.900
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
8.115
5.896
.951
1.141
6.340
.761
1.268
8.052
3.487
1.078
5.769
3.867
371.500
	
123.600
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2549

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      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT
           IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

                  BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(c) Spent Plating Solutions BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
 Maximum  for
monthly average
   mg/liter of spent plating solutions used as a raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
2.870
2.090
. .340
.440
1.900
.290
.420
1.920
1.230
.410
2.050
1.460
133.300
.300
41.000
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
1.280
.930
.150
.180
1.000
.120
.200
1.270
.550
.170
.910
.610
58.600
	
19.500
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2550

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2  (Continued)

                  BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(d) Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
 , Maximum for
.  monthly average
                 mg/troy ounce of gold stripped.
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
10.620
7.733
1.258
1.628
7.030
1.073
1.554
7.104
4.551
1.517
7.585
5.402
493.200
1.110
151.700
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
4.736
3.441
.555
.666
3.700
.444
.740
4.699
2.035
.629
3.367
2.257
216.800
— —
72.150
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2551

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT -  IX
                     TABLE IX-2  (Continued)

                  BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
 (e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
                     Maximum for
                     monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH    Within the
         60 270
         43.890
          7.140
          9.240
         39.900
          6.090
          8.820
         40.320
         25.830
          8.610
         43.050
         30.660
      2,799.000
          6.300
        861.000
range of 7.5 to 10,
                        26.880
                        19.530
                         3.150
                         3.780
                        21.000
                         2.520
                         4.200
                        26.670
                        11.550
                         3.570
                        19.110
                        12.810
                     1,231.000

                       409.500
              0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant

•"•This  allowance applies to either acid or alkaline  wet
 air pollution control scrubbers.   If both acid and alkaline
 wet  air  pollution  control  scrubbers  are  present  in  a
 particular facility the same allowance applies to each.
                               2552

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

                  BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE.
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(f)  Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water BPT

Pollutant orMaximum for.  Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average


      mg/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
^Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
1.808
1.317
.214
.277
1.197
.183
.265
1.210
.775
.258
1.292
.920
83.980
.189
25.830
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
.806
.586
.095
.113
.630
.076
.126
.800
.347
.107
.573
.384
36.920
' 	 •
12.290
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2553

-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS  METALS SUBCATEGORY
                                         SECT - IX
                      TABLE  IX-2  (Continued)

                   BPT MASS  LIMITATIONS FOR THE
               SECONDARY  PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY
 (g) Gold  Spent Electrolyte BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum  for
                any one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
         mg/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH
                       .025
                       .018
                       .003
                       .004
                       .017
                       .003
                       .004
                       .017
                       .011
                       .004
                       .018
                       .013
                     1.160
                       .003
                       .357
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
          .011
          .008
          .001
          .002
          .009
          .001
          .002
          .011
          .005
          .001
          .008
          .005
          .510

          ,170
       times
*Regulated Pollutant
                              2554

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

                  BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum'for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
               mg/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
12.630
9.196
1.496
1.936
8.360
1.276
1.848
8.448
5.412
1.804
9.020
6.424
586.500
1.320
180.400
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
5.632
4.092
.660
.792
4.400
.528
.880
5.588
2.420
.748
4.004
2.684
257.800
— —
85.800
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2555

-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS  METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - IX
                      TABLE  IX-2  (Continued)

                   BPT MASS  LIMITATIONS FOR THE
               SECONDARY  PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY
 (i) Platinum Precipitation and  Filtration BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
             mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
14.920
10.870
1.768
2.288
9.880
1.508
2.184
9.984
6.396
2.132
10.660
7.592
693.200
1.560
213.200
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
6.656
4.836
.780
.936
5.200
.624
1.040
6.604
2.860
.884
4.732
3.172
304.700

101.400
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2556

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                                        SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

                  BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for   - -
monthly average
             mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide     "
Lead
Nickel       ;  :
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
                    17.230
                    12.540
                     2.040
                     2.640
                    11.400-
                     1.740
                     2.520
                    11.520
                     7.380
                     2.460
                    12.300
                     8.760
                   799.800
                     1.800
                   246.000
           .680
           .580
           .900
           .08
           .000
           .720
           ,200
           .620
           .300
           .020
 *PH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
         5.460
         3.660
       351.600

       117.000
   all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                                2557

-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT -. IX
                      TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

                   BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
               SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


 (k)  Other  Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and Filtration BPT

 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
    mg/troy ounce of  other  platinum  group metals  precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel-
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
14.920
10.870
1.768
2.288
9.880
1.508
2.184
9.984
6.396
2.132
10.660
7.592
693.200
1.560
213.200
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
6. 656
4 . 836
. 780
936
• ^f +J \J
5.200
.624
1.040
6.604
2.860
. 884
4.732
3 . 172
304 . 700

101.400
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                              2558

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                                        SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

                  BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(1) Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
          Maximum -for
          monthly average
         mg/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH
                     1
                     1

                     1
                     1
                   120
,583
.881
.306
.396
,710
.261
.378
.728
.107
.369
.845
.314
.000
                      .270
                    36.900
 1.152X
  .837
  .135
  .162
  .900
  .108
  .180
 1.143
  .495
  .153
  .819
  .549
52.740

17.550
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                                2559

-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS' SUBCATEGORY  '-  SECT - IX
                      TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

                   BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
               SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
 (m)  Equipment and Floor  Wash BPT
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced  in  refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the range of
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
7.5 to 10.0 at all
0 . 000
0 . 000
0.000
0.000
0 . 000
0.000
0 . 000
0.000
0.000
0 . 000
\J • w \J \J
0 .000
0 000
V • V \J \J
0 . 000
W • \f V V/
0.000
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                              2560

-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY•-.   SECT. - IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

                  BPT MASS LIMITATIONS-FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(n) Preliminary Treatment BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
 .Maximum for
Monthly Average
         mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
                     through this operation
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide (total)
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
^Combined metals
*Total suspended
  solids
*pH
 143.500
 104.500
  17.000
  22.000
  95.000
  14.500
  21.000
  96.000
  61.500
  20.500
 102.5
  73.000
6665.000
  15.000
2050.000
                       64
                       46
                        7
                        9
                       50
                        6
                       10
                       63
                       27
                        8
                       45
                       30
                     2930
           .000
           .500
           .500
           .000
           .000
           .000
           .000
           .500
           .500
           .500
           .5
           .500
           .000
                      975.000
   Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
         at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                                2561

-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY     SECT  - IX
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-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X



                            SECTION X

        BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE


These  effluent  limitations are based on the  best  control  and
treatment  technology used by a specific point source within  the
industrial category or subcategory, or by another category  where
it  is  readily transferable. Emphasis is  placed  on  additional
treatment techniques applied at the end of the treatment  systems
currently used, as well as reduction of the amount of water  used
and   discharged,  process  control,  and  treatment   technology
optimization.                             .

The  factors  considered in assessing best  available  technology
economically  achievable (BAT) include the age of  equipment  and
facilities involved, the process used, process changes,  nonwater
quality  environmental impacts (including  energy  requirements),
and  the costs of application of such technology. BAT  represents
the  best available technology economically achievable at  plants
of  various  ages, sizes, processes,  or  other  characteristics.
Where  the  Agency  has  found the  existing  performance  to  be
uniformly  inadequate,  BAT may be transferred from  a  different
subcategory  or  category.   BAT  may  include  feasible  process
changes or internal controls, even when not in common practice.

The  statutory assessment of BAT considers costs,  but  does  not
require  a  balancing  of costs against pollutant  removals  {see
Weyerhaeuser v.  Costle, 11 ERG 2149 (D.C. Cir. 1978)).  However,
in  assessing the proposed and promulgated BAT,  the  Agency  has
given  substantial  weight to the economic achievability  of  the
technology.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT

The  Agency  reviewed  a  wide range of  technology  options  and
evaluated  the  available possibilities to ensure that  the  most
effective  and beneficial technologies were used as the basis  to
BAT.   To  accomplish this, the Agency elected to  examine  three
technology  options  which  could be  applied  to  the  secondary
precious metals subcategory as alternatives for the basis of  BAT
effluent limitations.

For  the development of BAT effluent limitations,  mass  loadings
were calculated for each wastewater source or subdivision in  the
subcategory  using  the same technical approach as  described  in
Section  IX for BPT limitations development.  The differences  in
the mass loadings for BPT and BAT are due to increased  treatment
effectiveness   achievable  with  the  more   sophisticated   BAT
treatment  technology  and  reductions  in  the  effluent   flows
allocated to various waste streams.

In  summary,  the  treatment  technologies  considered  for   the
secondary precious metals subcategory are:


                               2563
-------
         SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY     SECT  -  X
  Option A  (Figure  X-l, page  2592):

      o  Cyanide precipitation preliminary  treatment  for  streams
         containing cyanide  at treatable concentrations
      o  Ammonia^steam stripping preliminary treatment for streams
         containing ammonia  at treatable concentrations
      o  Chemical  precipitation and sedimentation
      o  Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment

 Option B  (Figure  X-2, page  2593) is based on

      o  In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
         and raw material granulation water
      o  Cyanide precipitation preliminary treatment for streams
         containing cyanide at treatable concentrations
      o  Ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment for streams
         containing ammonia at treatable concentrations
      o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
      o  Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment

 Option C (Figure X-3, page 2594)  is based on

      b  In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
         and raw material granulation water
      o  Cyanide precipitation preliminary treatment for  streams
         containing cyanide at treatable concentrations
      o  Ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment for streams
         containing ammonia at treatable concentrations
      o  Chemical precipitation and  sedimentation
      o  Multimedia filtration
      o  Ion exchange  end-of-pipe  treatment

 The  three  options   examined for BAT are   discussed   in   greater
 detail below.   The first option considered  is  the  same as the  BPT
 treatment  technology  which was presented  in the  previous  section.

 OPTION A

 Option  A   for  the   secondary  precious  metals   subcategory   is
 equivalent   to  the control and treatment technologies  which  were
 analyzed   for BPT  in  Section  IX.  The BPT   end-of-pipe  treatment
 scheme includes chemical precipitation, sedimentation  (caustic  or
 lime and settle),  and ion exchange, with ammonia steam  stripping
 preliminary   treatment  of   wastewaters   containing   treatable
 concentrations of  ammonia, and cyanide precipitation  preliminary
 treatment  of wastewaters containing treatable concentrations   of
 cyanide  (see  Figure X-l, page 2592).  The discharge  rates  for
 Option  A  are  equal to the  discharge rates  allocated  to  each
 stream as a BPT discharge flow.

 OPTION B

Option  B for the secondary precious metals subcategory  achieves
 lower pollutant discharge by building upon the Option A  (ammonia


                               2564
-------
       SECONDARY''PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT -'X
steam  stripping, cyanide precipitation,. chemical  precipitation,
sedimentation  and ,ion  exchange)  treatment  technology.   Flow
reduction  measures  are added to the Option A  treatment  scheme
(see  Figure  X-2, page 2593).  These  flow  reduction  measures.
including  in-process  changes, result in  the  concentration  to
pollutants  in some wastewater streams.  As explained in  Section
VII  of  the General Development Document, treatment  of  a  more
concentrated  effluent  allows  ,achievement  of  a  greater   net
pollutant  removal and introduces the possible economic  benefits
associated with treating a lower volume of wastewater.

Option  B  flow"  reduction  measures are  reflected  in  the  BAT
wastewater discharge rates.  Flow reduction has been included  in
determining the BAT discharge rates for furnace wet air pollution
control, raw material granulation, and refinery wet air pollution
control.   Based on available data, the Agency did not feel, that
further  flow  reduction  over  BPT would , be  feasible  for  .the
remaining  10  waste  streams in the  secondary  precious  metals
subcategory.  These waste streams are:                 ,

     1.  Spent plating solutions,
     2.  Spent cyanide stripping solutions,
     3.  Gold solvent extraction raffinate and wash water,
     4.  Gold spent electrolyte,
     5.  Gold precipitation and filtration,
     6.  Platinum precipitation and filtration,
     7.  Palladium precipitation and filtration
     8.  Other platinum group metals precipitation and
         filtration,
     9.  Spent solution from PGC salt production, and
    10. Equipment and floor wash.

Flow  reduction  measures  used in Option  B  to  reduce  process
wastewater generation or discharge rates include the following:

Recycle of Water Used in Wet Air Pollution Control

There  are  two  wastewater  sources  associated  with  wet   air
pollution  control  which  are  regulated  under  these  effluent
limitations:       '                  ,

   1.  Furnace scrubber, and  .                                !
   2.  Refinery scrubber.

Table  X-l  (page 2592) presents the number of  plants  reporting
wastewater  from  the wet air pollution  control  sources  listed
above, the number of plants practicing recycle, and .the range  of,
recycle  values being listed.  Recycle of both  furnace  scrubber
water  and  refinery scrubber water are required  for  BAT.   The
recycle rate used for both sources is based on the average of all
discharging  plants  which currently practice  recycle  of  these
waste  streams  (currently  practicing greater  than  90  percent
recycle), as will be shown later.
                               2565
-------
        SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X


Recycle of Water Used for Raw Material Granulation

As  shown  in  Table  V-2   (page  2361),  three  plants  generate
wastewater  from their raw  material granulation  operation.   One
plant  (1082) practices 100  percent recycle of this water, and two
plants  do not practice any  recycle of this water.  Flow reduction
based   on  90 percent recycle of raw material  granulation  water
using   holding  tanks, is included under Option  B.   Recycle  is
demonstrated  at one plant  for this subdivision, and there is  no
reason  to believe that 90 percent recycle cannot be practiced  at
the two other plants with this subdivision.

OPTION  C

Option  C for the secondary precious metals subcategory  consists
of all  control and' treatment requirements of Option'B (in-process
flow reduction,  ammonia steam stripping,  cyanide precipitation,
and chemical precipitation,  sedimentation and ion exchange) plus
multimedia  filtration technology added between the sedimentation
and ion exchange operations at the end of the Option B  treatment
scheme  (see  Figure X-3 (page 2594).  Multimedia  filtration  is
used  to  remove  suspended solids,  including  precipitates  of
priority  metals, beyond the concentration attainable by  gravity
sedimentation.  The  filter suggested is of  the  gravity,  mixed
media type, although other  filters, such as rapid sand filters or
pressure filters, would perform satisfactorily.

INDUSTRY COST AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

As one  means of evaluating  each technology option,  EPA developed
estimates  to  the pollutant removals and  the  compliance  costs
associated  with  each option.  The methodologies  are  described
below.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

A  complete description of  the methodology used to calculate  the
estimated   pollutant  removal,  or  benefit,  achieved  by   the
application  of  the various treatment options  is  presented  in
Section  X  of the General  Development Document.   The  pollutant
removal  estimates  have  been revised  from  proposal  based  on
comments  and new data; however, the methodology for  calculating
pollutant removals was not  changed.  The data used for estimating
removals  are  the same as  those used to  revise  the  compliance
costs.

Sampling  data collected during the field sampling  program  were
used  to  characterize  the major waste  streams  considered  for
regulation.   At   each sampled facility,  the sampling data  was
production  normalized  for each unit operation  (i.e.,   mass  of
pollutant  generated  per mass, of  product • manufactured).   This
value,  referred  to as the raw waste,  was used to estimate  the
mass  of  priority  pollutants  generated  within  the  secondary
precious  metals  subcategory.   The pollutant removal  estimates
were calculated for each plant by first estimating the total mass


                               2566
-------
       SECONDARY•PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X


of  each  pollutant  in  the  untreated  wastewater.    This  was
calculated  by  first  multiplying the raw waste  values  by  the
corresponding  production value for that stream and)then  summing
these values for each pollutant for every stream generated by the
plant.

The volume of wastewater discharged after the application of each
treatment  option was estimated for each operation at each  plant
by  comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory  flow.   The
smaller of the two values was selected and summed with the  other
plant flows.  The mass of pollutant discharged was then estimated
by  multiplying  the achievable concentration  values  attainable
with  the  option  (mg/1)  by the  estimated  volume  of  process
wastewater discharged by the subcategory.  The mass of  pollutant
removed is the difference between the estimated mass of pollutant
generated  within  the  subcategory and  the  mass  of  pollutant
discharged . after  application  of  the  treatment  option.   The
pollutant  removal  estimates  fpr  direct  dischargers  in   the
secondary precious metals subcategory are presented in Table  X-2
(page 2574).

COMPLIANCE COSTS

In  estimating subcategory-wide compliance costs, the first  step
was to develop a cost model, relating the total costs  associated
with   installation   and  operation  of   wastewater   treatment
technologies to plant process wastewater discharge.  EPA  applied
the  model on a per plant basis, a plant's costs  (both  capital,
and operating and maintenance) being determined by what treatment
it  has  in  place  and  by  its  individual  process  wastewater
discharge (as discussed above, this flow is either the actual  or
the  BAT regulatory flow, whichever is lesser).  The  final  step
was  to  annualize the capital costs, and to sum  the  annualized
capital costs, and the operating and maintenance costs,  yielding
the  cost  of compliance for the subcategory.  These  costs  were
used in assessing economic achievability.  Table X-3 (page  2575)
shows the costs developed for promulgation for direct dischargers
in  the secondary precious metals subcategory.  Compliance  costs
for  indirect  dischargers  are presented in  Table  XII-2  (page
2620) .


BAT OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL

EPA  selected  Option  C for the  proposed  BAT,  which  included
ammonia  steam  stripping and cyanide  precipitation  preliminary
treatment,  flow  reduction  for  furnace and  refinery  wet  air
pollution control,  and chemical precipitation, sedimentation and
multimedia   filtration  end-of-pipe  treatment.   Although   the
compliance  costs for the proposed BAT are not presented  because
the  data on which they are based has been claimed  confidential,
it was determined that the pollutant removals justified the costs
for  this  subcategory.  Implementation of the proposed  BAT  was
estimated to remove 34,580 kg of priority pollutants annually.
                               2567
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       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY  ,  SECT - X


BAT OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

Following   proposal,   EPA  received  comments   and   collected
additional data showing a need for revising two regulatory  flows
(raw material granulation and spent cyanide stripping solutions).
to  consider additional treatment .for high  zinc  concentrations,
and  to include compliance costs for two facilities not  included
in  the  proposal costs.  Implementation of the  promulgated  BAT
limitations  would  remove  annually an estimated  34,650  kg  of
priority  pollutants,  which  is 14  kg  of  priority  pollutants
greater than the estimated BPT removal.  No additional ammonia or
cyanide is removed at BAT.

EPA  has  added  ion exchange -end-of-pipe treatment  to  the  BAT
treatment  scheme  discussed  at proposal.   Ion exchange  is  an
effective method for removing gold,  platinum and palladium  from
wastewaters  generated  in the subcategory.   EPA has  determined
that no additional costs will be generated in this subcategory by
adding  ion exchange because of the value of the precious  metals
recovered in the column.                   ,

EPA is promulgating BAT limitations for this subcategory based on
ammonia  steam  stripping and cyanide  precipitation  preliminary
treatment,  flow  reduction  for  furnace and  .refinery  wet  air
pollution control,  as well as for raw material granulation,  and
chemical precipitation,  sedimentation, multimedia filtration and
ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment.  This treatment scheme is the
same  as  that  selected at proposal with the  addition  of  flow
reduction for one stream and ion exchange end-of-pipe  treatment.
The  treatment  performance concentrations,  upon which the  mass
limitations are based,  are equal to the values used to calculate
the proposed mass limitations.

EPA  is  promulgating multimedia filtration as part  of  the  BAT
technology  because this technology results in additional removal
of priority metals.  Filtration is also presently demonstrated at
25   plants  throughout  the  nonferrous   metals   manufacturing
category,  including  one plant in this subcategory.   Filtration
adds  reliability  to  the treatment system  by  making  it  less
susceptible  to  operator  error  and to sudden  changes  in  raw
wastewater flow and concentrations.

Based  on comments received after proposal, the  Agency  believes
that  it  may  be necessary for some facilities  to  use  sulfide
polishing   in   order  .to  achieve  the   promulgated   effluent
limitations  because  of high zinc concentrations  or  complexing
problems. Because the Agency believes that these situations  will
be the exception, rather than the rule, sulfide polishing is  not
specifically  included as part of the model technology  on  which
effluent  limitations and performance standards are  based.   The
Agency  has, however, evaluated the cost associated with the  use
of sulfide polishing at secondary precious metals plants.   After
performing this evaluation, the Agency has concluded that sulfide
polishing  will  result  in a very small (less  than  5  percent)
incremental  increase in wastewater treatment costs at a  typical


                               2568
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - X
secondary precious metals facility.

BAT  treatment  for the secondary precious metals subcategory
shown schematically in Figure X-3 (page 2594).
               is
Based   on  information  made  available  to  the  Agency .  after
promulgation,  the Agency has agreed to propose to make  selected
amendments  to the regulation promulgated on September 20,  1985,
(50  FR 38276).  These changes included: adding a  new  (omitted)
building   block  for  preliminary  treatment;   increasing   the
production  normalized flow for the palladium  precipitation  and
filtration building block, reflecting the Agency's  recalculation
of the average flow for the building block and the  incorporation
of  new data; revising the manner of regulating  gold,  platinum,
and  palladium to regulate the sum of these;; and,  expanding  the
refinery  wet  air pollution control building  block  to  include
separate  flow  allowances  for acid and  alkaline  scrubbers  at
facilities with both types of scrubbers.

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES

A  BAT discharge rate was calculated for each  subdivision  based
upon  the  flows  of  the existing  plants',  as  determined  from
analysis  of the data collection portfolios.  The discharge  rate
is used with the achievable treatment concentration to  determine
BAT  effluent  limitations.   Since the  discharge  rate  may  be
different   for  each  wastewater  source,  separate   production
normalized discharge rates for each of the 14 wastewater  sources
were determined and are summarized in Table X-4 (page 2576).  The
discharge rates are normalized on a production basis by  relating
the   amount  of  wastewater  generated  to  the  mass   of  , the
intermediate product which is produced by the process  associated
with the waste stream in question.  These production  normalizing
parameters (PNP) are also listed in Table X-4.

As discussed previously, the promulgated BAT wastewater discharge
rate  equals the promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for 11
of  the  14  waste  streams  in  the  secondary  precious  metals
subcategory.  Based on the available data, the Agency  determined
that  further  flow  reduction would not be  feasible  for  these
wastewater  sources.  Wastewater streams for which BAT  discharge
rates differ from BPT are discussed below.                  -

FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
                                    ~"N
The  BAT  wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated  for
furnace wet air pollution control is 4.5 liters per troy ounce of
precious metal,  including silver,  incinerated or smelted.   This
rate is based on the value reported by the only discharging plant
practicing  recycle,  and  it is supported by the tact  that  two
plants achieve zero discharge through 100 percent recycle.

RAW MATERIAL GRANULATION

The  BAT wastewater discharge rate promulgated for  raw  material
                               2569
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X


granulation  is 0.64 liters per troy ounce of precious metals  in
the  granulated raw material.   This rate is based on 90  percent
recycle  of  the  promulgated BPT rate of 6.34  liters  per  troy
ounce.  As discussed earlier in this section, 100 percent recycle
is  practiced by one plant for this subdivision,  and recycle  is
considered  feasible for the two non-recycling plants within this
subdivision.

REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

The  BAT wastewater discharge rate proposed and  promulgated  for
refinery wet air pollution control is 1.0 liter per troy ounce of
precious metals, including silver, produced in the refinery. This
rate  is  based  on the average of all discharging  plants  which
practice at least 90 percent recycle.   These plants are shown in
Table  V-5 (page 2364) (1.75 liters per troy ounce,  0.19  liters
per troy ounce, 0.234 liters per troy ounce, 14.2 liters per troy
ounce,  0.072 liters per troy ounce, 0.67 liters per troy  ounce,
0.7 liters per troy ounce, 2.3 liters per troy ounce, 0.04 liters
per  troy  ounce, 0.174 liters per troy ounce, 0.036  liters  per
troy  ounce,  1.665 liters per troy ounce, 1.41 liters  per  troy
ounce,  1.1  liters,per troy ounce, O.P6 liters per  troy  ounce,
4.64  liters  per troy ounce, and 0.21 liters  per  troy  ounce).
Omitting  the  plant discharging 14.2 liters per  troy  ounce  as
being  out  to line with the water use at the majority  of  other
dischargers, the average discharge rate equals 1.0 liter per troy
ounce.   This  rate  is  supported  by  the  average  water   use
calculation  presented  in Section IX.   That  calculation  shows
average  water  use of 19.8 liters per troy ounce.   Assuming  95
percent  recycle is achievable (18 of 21 plants reported  greater
than  90  percent recycle for this stream),  the  BAT  wastewater
discharge rate of 1.0 liter per troy ounce is supported.

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

In  implementing  the terms of the Consent Agreement in  NRDC  v.
Train,  Op.  Cit., and 33 U.S.C. $1314(b)(2)(A and B) (1976), the
Agency placed particular emphasis on the priority pollutants. The
raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and  the
subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain pollutants
and  pollutant parameters for consideration for limitation.  This
examination  and  evaluation was presented in  Section  VI.   The
Agency,  however,  has  chosen not to regulate  all  12  priority
pollutants selected in this analysis.

The  high  cost  associated  with  analysis  for  priority  metal
pollutants has prompted EPA to develop an alternative method  for
regulating  and monitoring priority pollutant discharges from the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category.  Rather, than developing
specific effluent mass limitations and standards for each of  the
priority  metals  found in treatable concentrations  in  the  raw
wastewaters from a given subcategory, the Agency is  promulgating
effluent mass limitations only for those pollutants generated  in
the  greatest  quantities  as  shown  by  the  pollutant  removal
analysis.   The pollutants selected for specific  limitation  are


                               2570
-------
        SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY.    SECT - X


 listed below:

     120.   copper
     121.   cyanide
     128.   zinc
           ammonia (as N)
           combined metals (gold, platinum,  and palladium)

 By  establishing  limitations and standards for certain  priority
 metal  pollutants,  dischargers  will  attain the same  degree  of
 control  over  priority metal  pollutants  as  they would  have  been
 required   to  achieve had all the priority  metal pollutants  been
 directly  limited.

 This  approach  is  technically  justified   since  the  treatable
 concentrations  used for  caustic precipitation and   sedimentation
 technology  are   based on optimized   treatment  for  concomitant
 multiple  metals  removal.   Thus,  even though metals  have  somewhat
 different theoretical solubilities, they will  be removed at  very
 nearly the  same rate in  a lime precipitation   and   sedimentation
 treatment   system   operated  for  multiple    metals   removal.
 Filtration as  part of the technology basis  is  likewise  justified
 because this technology removes metals non-preferentially.

 The  priority metal pollutants selected for  specific limitation  in
 the    secondary  precious  metals subcategory  to   control  the
 discharges  of  priority  metal pollutants are   copper   and   zinc.
 Cyanide,   ammonia,   and  combined metals   (gold,   platinum,  and
 palladium),  are also selected for limitation  since  the methods
 used to control  copper  and zinc  are not  effective in the control
 of   cyanide,   ammonia,  and combined metals  (gold,   platinum,  and
 palladium).

 The   following toxic  pollutants  are excluded from   limitation   on
 the  basis  that they are effectively controlled  by the  limitations
 developed  for  copper  and  zinc:                           ^
     114.
     115.
     118.
     119.
     122.
     124.
     125.
     126.
     127.
antimony
arsenic
cadmium
chromium
lead
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

The treatable concentrations achievable by application of the BAT
technology  (Option C) are summarized in Table VII-21 (page  248)
of  Vol. I. These treatable concentrations (both one-day  maximum
and  monthly  average)  are  multiplied  by  the  BAT  normalized
discharge flows summarized in Table X-4 (page 2576) to  calculate
the  mass  of  pollutants allowed to be discharged  per  mass  of
                               2571
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - X
product.   The  results of these calculations  in  milligrams  of
pollutant per troy ounce of product represent the promulgated BAT
effluent   limitations   for  the   secondary   precious   metals
subcategory.  BAT effluent limitations based on Option C (ammonia
steam  stripping, cyanide precipitation, chemical  precipitation,
sedimentation,  in-process flow reduction, multimedia  filtration
and ion exchange) are presented in Table X-5 (page 2578).
                               2572
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS .METALS SUBCATEGORY:  '  SECT - X
         ; :. .-.••-.               TABLE JC-1  v :•• '         :   ,

         CURRENT'RECYCLE.PRACTICES  WITHIN. THE SECONDARY
             .-•    ••. PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY      -u
                         Number of
                        Plants With
                        Wastewater
              Number
             of Plants
            Practicing
              Recycle
            Range
          of Recycle
          Values  (%)
Furnace Scrubber

Raw Material
Granulation

Refinery Scrubber
 7

 4


29
 4

 1


21
>90 - 100

100


 75 - 100
                               2573
-------
            SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - X
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                                 2574
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X


                            Table X-3

        COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR DIRECT DISCHARGERS IN THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


The  costs for this subcategory cannot be presented here  because
the  data  on  which  they  are based have  been  claimed  to  be
confidential.
                              2575
-------
SECONDARY.PRECIOUS  METALS  SUBCATEGORY       SECT - X
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                                  2576
-------
            SECONDARY PRECIOUS  METALS  SUBCATEGORY
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                    M 
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X
                            TABLE X-5


                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
     mg/troy ounce of precious metals incinerated or smelted
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined Metals
8.685
6.255
0.900
1.665
5.760
0.900
1.260
2.475
3.690
1.305
6.300
4.590
599.900
1.350
3.870
2.790
0.360
0.675
2.745
0.360
0.585
1.665
1.665
0.540
2.745
1.890
263.700
^^ —
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2578
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X.
                      TABLE X-5 (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(b) Raw Material Granulation BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/troy ounce of precious metals in the granulated raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide •?•' .
Lead
Nickel
Selenium :
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.235
0.890
0.128
0.237
0.819
0.128
0.179
0.352
0.525
0.186
0.896
0.653
85.310
0.192
0.550
0.397
0.051
0.096
0.390
0.051
0.083
0.237
0.237
0.077
0.390
0.269
37.500
_ «_«M
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2579
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X
                      TABLE X-5 (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(c) Spent Plating Solutions BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
     mg/1 of spent plating solutions used as a raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
^Combined metals
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
••>«•*<••
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2580
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X
                      TABLE X-5 (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(d). Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
                  mg/troy ounce of gold tripped
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
7.141
5.143
0.740
1.369
4.736
0.740
1.036
2.035
3.034
1.073
5.180
3.774
493.200
1.110
3.182
2.294
0.296
0.555
2.257
0.296
0.481
1.369
1.369
0.444
2.257
1.554
216.800
~~~
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2581
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X
                      TABLE X-5  (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
 (e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
«__
*Regulated Pollutant
       allowance applies to either acid or alkaline  wet
 air pollution control scrubbers.    If both acid and alkaline
 wet  air  pollution  control  scrubbers  are  present   in  a
 particular facility the same allowance applies to each.
                               2582
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X
                      TABLE X-5 (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(f)  Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.216
0.876
0.126
0.233
0.806
0.126
0.176
0.347
0.517
0.183
0 . 882
0.643
83.980
0 . 189
0.542
0.391
0.050
0.095
0.384
0.050
0.082
0.233
0.233
0.076
0.384
0.265
36.920

*Regulated Pollutant
                               2583
-------
        SECONDARY  PRECIOUS  METALS  SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X
                       TABLE  X-5  (Continued)

                  BAT  MASS LIMITATIONS  FOR 'THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
 (g) Gold Spent Electrolyte BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
         mg/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.017
0.012
0.002
0.003
0.011
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.007
0.003
0.012
0.009
1.160
0.003
0.007
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.510

*Regulated Pollutant
                               2584
-------
       SECONDARY  PRECIOUS  METALS  SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X
                      TABLE X-5 (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
    Gold Precipitation and Filtration BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
               mg/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
8.492
6.116
0.880
1.628
5.632
0.880
1.232
2.420
3.608
1.276
6.160
4.488
586.500
1.320
3.784
2.728
01 ^ O
. 352
0.660
2.684
0.352
0.572
1.628
1.628
0.528
2.684
1.848
257.800

 *Regulated Pollutant
                                2585
-------
       SECONDARY  PRECIOUS  METALS  SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X
                      TABLE X-5  (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
 (i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
             ing/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
,—• — —"• " ,
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2586
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X
                      TABLE X-5 (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
             mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
^Combined metals
11.580
8.340
1.200
2.200
7.680
1.200
1.680
3.300
4 . 420
1.740
8.400
6.120
799.800
1.800
5.160
3.720
0.480
0.900
3.660
0.480
0.780
2.220
2.220
0.720
3.660
2.520
351.600
"""
^Regulated Pollutant
                               2587
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X
                      TABLE X-5  (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


 (k) Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation arul Filtration BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/troy ounce of
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
other platinum
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
group metals precipitated
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
«_»
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2538
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS  METALS SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - X
                      TABLE X-5 (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(1) Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
         mg/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.737
1.251
0.180
0.333
1.152
0.180
0.252
0.495
0.738
0.261
1.260
0.918
120.000
0.270
0.774
0.558
0.072
0.135
0 . 549
0.072
0.117
0.333
0.333
0.108
0.549
0.378
52.740

*Regulated Pollutant
                                2589
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT -
                      TABLE X-5  (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(n) Equipment and Floor Wash BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-—-"-—"
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2590
-------
       SECONDARY PRPTT0r
            H'TBC;\TEGORY
                                                SECT - X
                      TABLE X-5 (Continued)

                  BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(n) Preliminary Treatment BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
  Maximum for
Month 1 y Avf• r,\ge
         mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
                     through this operation
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Combined metals
Ammonia (as N
  96.500
  69.500
  10.000
  18.500
  64.000
  10.000
  14.000
  27.500
  41.000
  14.500
  70.000
  51.000
  15.000
6665.000
                      43.000
                      31.000
                       4.000
                       7.500
                      30.500
                       4,
                       1,
           ,000
           ,500
        18.500
        18.500
         6.000
        30.500
        21.000

      2930.000
                                2591
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY  ,  SECT - X
                                                   CXt
                                                   oi
                                                X
                     2592
-------
 SECONDARY  PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY
  SECT  -  X
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                         2593
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X
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-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                           SECTION XI

                NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
This   section  describes  the  technologies  for  treatment   of
wastewater from new sources and presents mass discharge standards
for  regulated  pollutants  for NSPS in  the  secondary  precious
metals  subcategory, based on,the selected treatment  technology.
New  plants  have  the opportunity to design the  best  and  most
efficient   production   processes   and   wastewater   treatment
technologies  without  facing the added  costs  and  restrictions
encountered  in retrofitting an existing plant.   Therefore,  EPA
considered  the  best  demonstrated  process  changes,   in-plant
controls,  and  end-of-pipe treatment technologies  which  reduce
pollution to the maximum extent feasible.


TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS

New  source  performance  standards are equivalent  to  the  best
available  technology  (BAT)  selected  for  currently   existing
secondary  precious metals plants.  This result is a  consequence
of  careful  review by the Agency of a wide  range  of  technical
options for new source treatment systems. Additionally, there was
nothing   found  to  indicate  that  the  wastewater  flows   and
characteristics of new plants would not be similar to those  from
existing  plants since the processes used by new sources are  not
expected  to  differ from those used at  existing  sources.   BAT
production  normalized  discharge rates, which are based  on  the
best  existing practices of the-subcategory, can also be  applied
to  new  sources. These rates are presented in Table  XI-1  (page
2599).

EPA  proposed  that furnace wet air pollution control be given  a
zero  discharge  allowance  for new sources,  based  on  dry  air
pollution control techniques.   After reviewing comments received
on  the proposal,  EPA has decided to revise the allowance to  be
equal  to the allowance for furnace wet ai'r pollution control  at
BAT.                         „

Treatment  technologies  considered  for  the  NSPS  options  are
identical  to the treatment technologies considered for  the  BAT
options.  These options are:

OPTION A                                       ;

     o  Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation (where
          required)      ,
     o  Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
          (where required)
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment


                               2595
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XI
OPTION B
     o  Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation
           (where required)
     o  Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
           (where required)
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  In-process flow reduction of refinery scrubber liquor
           and raw material granulation water
     o  Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment

OPTION C

     o  Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation
           (where' required)
     o  Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
           (where required)
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o   In-process  flow reduction to refinery scrubber liquor
         and  raw material granulation water
     o  Multimedia  filtration
     o  Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment

NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL

EPA  proposed that the best available demonstrated technology for
the  secondary precious metals subcategory be equivalent  to  the
proposed Option C with additional flow reduction,  which included
ammonia  steam  stripping and cyanide  precipitation  preliminary
treatment,  dry air pollution control for furnace emissions, flow
reduction for refinery wet air pollution control, and end-of-pipe
treatment  consisting of chemical  precipitation,  sedimentation,
and  multimedia  filtration.   Zero  discharge  for  furnace  air
pollution   control  was  based  on  dry  scrubbing,   which   is
demonstrated at 11 of 16 plants which control off-gases from  the
furnace.  Except for furnace air pollution control, EPA  proposed
that  NSPS  wastewater  discharge  rates  be  equivalent  to  the
proposed  BAT rates. Flow reduction beyond BAT for the  other  13
streams in this subcategory is not demonstrated.

NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

EPA  is promulgating best available demonstrated  technology  for
the  secondary precious metals subcategory equivalent to Option C
which includes ammonia steam stripping and cyanide  precipitation
preliminary  treatment,  flow reduction for furnace and  refinery
wet air pollution control and raw material granulation,  and end-
of-pipe   treatment   consisting   of   chemical   precipitation,
sedimentation,   multimedia  filtration  and  ion  exchange.   As
discussed  under BAT option selection-promulgation,  ion exchange
end-of-pipe  treatment is necessary to reduce gold, platinum  and
palladium  concentrations.  Regulatory flows for furnace wet  air
pollution  control,  raw material granulation and  spent  cyanide
stripping  solutions have been revised since proposal,  based  on


                               2596
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                      SECT - XI
comments received by the Agency on the proposed flow rates.  , The
promulgated  NSPS  option is equivalent to  the  promulgated  BAT
option.             ,                               .

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The Agency has no reason
be  found  in .,treatable
sources  will  be  any.
Accordingly,  pollutants
limitation  under  NSPS,
Sections VI and X,  are'
conventional  pollutant
for limitation.
 to believe that the pollutants that will
 concentrations, in processes  within  new
different  than  with  existing  sources.
  and pollutant parameters  selected  for
  in  accordance with  the  rationale  of
identical to those selected for BAT.  The
 parameters TSS and pH are also  selected
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS            ,                 .

The  promulgated NSPS discharge flows for each wastewater  source
are  the same.as the promulgated discharge rates for BAT,  except
for furnace wet air pollution control, and are shown in Table XI-
1  (page 2599).  The mass of pollutant allowed to  be,  discharged
per mass of product is calculated by multiplying the  appropriate
treatable  concentration  (mg/1)  by  the  production  normalized
wastewater  discharge  flows (liter/troy ounce).   The  treatable
concentrations  are listed in Table VII-21 (page 248) of Vol.  I.
The  results of these calculations are the  production-based  new
source  performance standards.   These standards are presented  in
Tables XI-2 (page 2600).
                               2597
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XI





















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SECONDARY PRECIOUS  METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT -  XI












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                      2599
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                       SECT - XI
                           TABLE XI-2

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


 (a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one .day
Maximum for
monthly average
     mg/troy ounce of precious metals incinerated or smelted
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
8 685
6.255
0.900
1.665
5.760
0.900
1.260
2.475
3.690
1.305
6.300
4.590
599.900
1.350
67.500
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
3.870
2.790
0.360
0.675
2.745
0.360
0.585
1.665
1.665
0.540
2.745
1.890
263.700
	
54.000
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2600
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                       SECT - XI
                     TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(b) Raw Material Granulation NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/troy ounce of precious metals in the granulated raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
^Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
1.235
0.890
0.128
0.237
0.819
0.128
0.179
0.352
0.525
0.186
0.896
0.653
85.310
0.192
9.600
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
0.550
0.397
0.051
0.096
0.390
0.051
0.083
0.237
0.237
0.077
0.390
0.269
37.500
— _
7.680
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2601
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                       SECT
              XI
                     TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(c) Spent Plating Solutions NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/liter of spent
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
plating solutions
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
15.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
used as a raw material
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
	 •
12.000
at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2602
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                                       SECT - XI
                     TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(d) Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
             Maximum for
             monthly average
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
          mg/troy ounce of gold stripped

                     7.141
                     5.143
                     0.740
                     1.369
                     4.736
                     0.740
                     1.036
                    , 2.035
                     3.034
                     1,
   ,073
  5.180
  3.774
493.200
  1.110
 55.500
"pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
      3.182
      2.294
      0.296
      0.555
      2.257
      0.296
      0.481
      1.369
      1.369
      0.444
      2.257
      1.554
    216.800

     44.400
all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2603
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                       SECT - XI
                     TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
           Maximum for
           monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
     1.390
     0.200
     0.370
     1.280
     0.200
     0.280
     0.550
     0.820
     0.290
      ,400
      ,020
   133.300
     0.300
    15.000
1,
1,
       Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
      0.620
      0.080
      0.150
      0.610
      0.080
      0.130
      0.370
      0.370
      0.120
      0.610
      0.420
     58.600

     12.000
all times
*Regulated Pollutant

 1This  allowance applies to either acid or alkaline  wet
 air pollution control scrubbers.   If both acid and alkaline
 wet  air  pollution  control  scrubbers  are  present  in  a
 particular facility the same allowance applies to each.
                               2604
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS/SUBCATEGORY
                       SECT
              XI
                     TABLE XI-2  (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(f) Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/troy ounce of
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead :
Nickel
Selenium ,
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
* Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the range
gold produced
1.216
0.876
0.126
0.233
0.806
0.126
0.176
0.347
0 . 517
0.183
0.882
0.643
83.980
0.189
9.450
of 7.5 to 10.
by solvent extraction
0.542
0.391
0.050
0.095
0.384
0.050
0.082
0.233
0.233
0.076
0;384
0.265
36.920
_ __
7,560 :
0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2605
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SrjBCATEGORY
                       SECT - XI
                     TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(g) Gold Spent Electrolyte NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
          mg/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
0.017
0.012
0.002
0.003
0.011
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.007,
0.003
0.012
0.009
1.160
0.003
0.131
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
0.007
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.510
	
0.104
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2606
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS, SUBCATEGORY
     '       '               '
                                               SECT - XI
                     TABLE XI-2  (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY


(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration NSPS
Pollutant o;r
pollutant property
                  Maximum for
                  any one day
Maximum Cor
monthly average
               ing/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
^Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium;
Silver
Thallium ••:.
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
8.492
6.116
0.880
1.628
5.632
0.880
1.232
; 2.420
3.608
1.276
6.160
4.488
586.500
1.320
66.000
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
3.784
2.728
0.352
0.660
2.684
0.352
0.572
1.628
1.628
0 . 528
2.684
1.848
257.800
— — — . • .
52.800
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2607
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                       SECT - XI
                     TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
           Maximum for
           monthly average
             mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
    10.040
     7.228
       040
1,
1,
       924
     6.656
     1.040
     1.456
     2.860
     4.264
     1.508
     7.280
     5.304
   693.200
     1.560
     78.000
       Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
      4.472
      3.224
      0.416
      0.780
      3.172
      0.416
      0.676
      1.924
      1.924
      0.624
      3.172
      2.184
    304.700

      62.400
all times
^Regulated Pollutant
                                2608
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS RUBCATEGORY
                       SECT - XI
                     TABLE XI-2  (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
             mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
* Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
11.580
8U340
1.200
2.220
7.680
1.200
1.680
3.300
4.920
1.740
8.400
6.120
799.800
1.800
90.000
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
5.160
3.720
0.480
0.900
3.660
0.480
0.780
2.220
2.220
0.720
3.660
2.520
351.600
___
72.000
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2609
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                      SECT - XI
                     TABLE XI-2  (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(k) Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and Filtration NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
 Maximum for
monthly average
    mg/troy ounce of other platinum group metals precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
78.000
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
	
62.400
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2610
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                       SECT - XI
                     TABLE XI-2  (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


 (1) Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
         mg/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
1.737
1.251
0.180
0.333
1.152
0.180
0.252
0.495
0.738
0.261
1.260
0.918
120.000
0.270
13.500
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
0.774
0.558
0.072
0.135
0.549
0.072
0 . 117
0.333
0.333
0.108
0.549
0.378
52,740
	 	
10.800
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2611
-------
PRECCOns
                                SU8CATEOORY
       SECT
                                      XI
                     TABLE  XI-2  (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE  SECONDARY  PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY


 (ra) Equipment and Floor Wash NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
        Maximum for
        any one
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Cl romium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver-
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
— — _
0.000
times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2612
-------
     SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                         SECT - XI
                     TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(n) Preliminary Treatment NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
          Maximum for
        Monthly Average
        mg/troy, ounce of total precious metals produced
                     through this operation
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Combined metals
Ammonia (as N)
Total suspended
   solids
pH
    96
    69
    10
    18
    64
    10
    14
    27
    41
    14
    70
    51
    15
  6665
   750
.500
.500
.000
.500
.000
.000
.000
.500
.000
.500
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
  43.000
  31.000
   4.000
   7.500
  30.500
   4.000
   6.500
  18.500
  18.500
   6.000
  30.500
  21.000

2930.000
 600.000
  Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
                   at all times
                               2613
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS.SUBCATEGORY     SECT  -  XI
          THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                          2614
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII




                           SECTION XII

                     PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
This section describes the control and treatment technologies for
pretreatment of process wastewaters from existing sources and new
sources   in   the   secondary   precious   metals   subcategory.
Pretreatment  standards  for regulated pollutants  are  presented
based on the selected control and treatment technology.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT

Before  proposing  and promulgating pretreatment  standards,  the
Agency examines whether the pollutants discharged by the industry
pass through the POTW or interfere with the POTW operation or its
chosen   sludge  disposal  practices.   In  determining   whether
pollutants pass through a well-operated POTW achieving  secondary
treatment,  the  Agency compares the percentage  of  a  pollutant
removed by POTW with the percentage removed by direct dischargers
applying the best available technology economically achievable. A
pollutant  is  deemed to pass through the POTW when,  the  average
percentage  removed  nationwide  by  well-operated  POTW  meeting
secondary  treatment  requirements, is less than  the  percentage
removed  by  direct  dischargers  complying  with  BAT   effluent
limitations guidelines for that pollutant.  (See generally, 46 FR
at 9414-16 (January 28, 1981)).

This   definition  of  pass  through  satisfies   two   competing
objectives  set  by Congress:  (1) that  standards  for  indirect
dischargers  be  equivalent to standards for  direct  dischargers
while  at  the same time, (2) that the treatment  capability  and
performance  of the POTW be recognized and taken into account  in
regulating the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.

The  Agency compares percentage removal rather than the  mass  or
concentration  of pollutants discharged because the latter  would
not  take  into account the mass of pollutants discharged to  the
POTW   from  non-industrial  sources  or  the  dilution  of   the
pollutants  in the POTW effluent to lower concentrations  due  to
the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.

INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

The  industry  cost  and  pollutant  removal  estimates  of  each
treatment  option were used to determine the most  cost-effective
option.  The methodology applied in calculating pollutant removal
estimates  and plant compliance costs is discussed in Section  X.
Table  XII-1  (page 2619) shows the estimated  pollutant  removal
benefits for indirect dischargers.  A comparison of proposal  and
promulgation  compliance  costs  for  indirect  dischargers   are
presented*in Table XII-2 (page 2620).
                               2615
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII


 PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING AND NEW SOURCES

 Options  for pretreatment of wastewaters from both  existing  and
 new sources are based on increasing the effectiveness of  end-of-
 pipe treatment technologies.  All in-plant changes and applicable
 end-of-pipe treatment processes have been discussed previously in
 Sections X and XI.  The options for PSES and PSNS, therefore, are
 the same as the BAT and NSPS options discussed in Sections X  and
 XI, respectively.

 A _description of  each option is presented in Sections X and  XI,
 while a more detailed discussion,  including pollutants controlled
 by each treatment  process is presented in Section VII of Vol. I.


 Treatment  technologies considered for the PSES and PSNS  options
 are:

 OPTION A

     o  Preliminary treatment with  cyanide precipitation
          (where required)
     o  Preliminary treatment with  ammonia steam stripping
          (where required)
     o  Chemical precipitation and  sedimentation
     o  Ion  exchange end-of-pipe treatment


 OPTION B

    o  Preliminary treatment with  cyanide precipitation
          (where required)
    o  Preliminary treatment with  ammonia steam stripping
          (where required)
    o  Chemical precipitation and  sedimentation
    o  In-process  flow reduction of  furnace  and refinery
          scrubber  liquor as  well as  for  raw  material  granulation
          water
    o  Ion  exchange end-of-pipe treatment

 OPTION  C

    o  Preliminary treatment  with  cyanide  precipitation
          (where required)
    o   Preliminary treatment  with  ammonia  steam stripping
          (where required)
    o  Chemical precipitation and  sedimentation
    o   In-process  flow  reduction of  furnace  and  refinery
          scrubber  liquor as well as  for  raw  material granulation
          water
    o  Multimedia  filtration
    o  Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment

PSES OPTION SELECTION
                               2616
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII


EPA   promulgated  PSES  equal  to  BAT  (Option  C)   for   this
subcategory.  It is necessary to promulgate this PSES to  prevent
pass-through  of copper, cyanide, zinc, ammonia,  gold,  platinum
and  palladium.  These priority pollutants are removed by a  well
operated  POTW achieving5 secondary treatment at an average of  32
percent,  while  BAT level technology  removes  approximately  99
percent.

The technology basis for PSES thus is chemical precipitation  and
sedimentation,  ammonia  steam stripping,  cyanide precipitation,
wastewater   flow  reduction,   multimedia  filtration  and   ion
exchange.    The  achievable  concentration  for  ammonia   steam
stripping is based on iron and steel manufacturing category data,
as  explained  in  the  discussion  of  BPT  and  BAT  for   this
subcategory.  Flow  reduction  is based on the  same  recycle  of
scrubber effluent and raw material granulation water that is  the
flow basis of BAT. Recycle is practiced by 22 of the 31  existing
plants in the subcategory.

Implementation  of the promulgated PSES limitations fcould  remove
annually an estimated 110,000 kg of priority pollutants including
866 kg of cyanide, and an estimated 10,534 kg of ammonia. Capital
cost  for achieving promulgated PSES is $1,809,400 and annualized
cost of $1,100,500. -  The promulgated PSES will not     result in
adverse economic impacts.

Based  on comments received after proposal, the  Agency  believes
that  it , may  be necessary for some facilities  to  use  sulfide
polishing   in   order  to  achieve  the   promulgated   effluent
limitations  because  of high zinc concentrations  or  complexing
problems. Because the Agency believes that these situations  will
be the exception, rather than the rule, sulfido polishing is  not
specifically  included as part of the model technology  on  which
pretreatment  standards  for  existing sources  are  based.   The
Agency  has, however, evaluated the cost associated with the  use
of sulfide polishing at secondary precious metals plants.   After
performing this evaluation, the Agency has concluded that sulfide
polishing  will  result  in a very small (less  than  5  percent)
incremental  increase in wastewater treatment costs at a  typical
secondary precious metals facility.

PSNS OPTION SELECTION

We  are  promulgating PSNS equivalent to NSPS   (Option  C) .   The
technology basis for promulgated PSNS is identical to NSPS.  This
is equivalent to PSES and BAT.  The same pollutants pass  through
at  PSNS  as  at  PSES, for the same  reasons.   We  know  of  no
economically  feasible,  demonstrated technology that  is  better
than  NSPS  technology.  The NSPS flow allowances  are  based  on
minimization of process wastewater wherever possible through  the
use of holding tanks to recycle wet scrubbing wastewater and  raw
material granulation water.  The discharges are based on  recycle
of these waste streams  (see Section X - Recycle of Water Used  in
Wet Air Pollution Control).
                               2617
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII


 EPA  believes that the promulgated PSNS are achievable, and  that

 subcategory?0*  *  """^  t0 entry  °f  new  plants  -to  this

 REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

 Pollutants  selected  for  limitation,   in  accordance  with  the
 rationale  of Sections VI and x,   are identical to those selected
 P^MC   mi     °n  ?r BAT'    Ifc  is necessary to promulgate PSES  and
 PSNS  _to   prevent  the pass-through  of  copper,   cyanide,   zinc,
 ammonia,   and combined metals (gold,   platinum,   and   palladium)
 which  are the limited  pollutants.                         «auj.um;,

 PRETREATMENT STANDARDS

 Pretreatment  standards are based  on  the  treatable  concentrations
 from   the  selected  treatment technology,   (Option  C),   and  the
 discharge rates  determined in Sections  X  and XI for BAT  and  NSPS
 ™!32?    ?Jy"  <--A m?SS ?f P°llutant Per mass of product   (mg/troy
 ounce)  allocation is  given for each  subdivision within  the  sub-
 category.    This   pollutant allocation  is  based on  the product of
 the treatable  concentration from the  promulgated treatment (mq/l)
 and  the  production normalized wastewater  discharge rate  (liter/
 troy ounce).   The  achievable  treatment concentrations for BAT are
 identical  to  those for PSES  and PSNS.  These concentrations  are
 listed  in.Table VII-21 (page 248) of Vol. I. PSES and  PSNS  are
presented in Tables XII-4 (page 2623) and XII-5 (page 2637).
                              2618
-------
              SECONDARY  PRECIOUS  METALS  SUBCATEGORY
                                                                                      SECT  -  XII
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                                                   2619
-------
   SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                   SECT - XII
                        TABLE XI1-2

           COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY
                PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                   INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
Option


  A

  B

  C
Total Required
 Capital Cost
  Ir774f400

  1,707,000

  1,809,400
   Total
Annual Cost
 1,078,000

 1,034,000

 1,100,500
                            2620
-------
    SECONDARY  PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                                       SECT - XII


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                             2621
-------
             SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                                                          SECT - XII
                cd
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                                        2622
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGQRY
                        SECT - XII
                           TABLE XII-4

        PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY



(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
     mg/troy ounce of precious metals incinerated or smelted
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
8.685
6.255
0.900
1.665
5.760
0.900
1.260
2.475
3.690
1.305
6.300
4.590
599.900
1.350
3.870
2.790
0.360
0.675
2.745
0.360
0.585
1.665
1.665
0.540
2.745
1.890
263.700

*Regulated Pollutant
                                2623
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII


                      TABLE XII-4 (Continued)

        PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


 (b)  Raw Material Granulation  PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/troy ounce of precious metal  in  the granulated raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.235
0.890
0.128
0.237
0.819
0.128
0.179
0.352
0.525
0.186
0.896
0.653
85.310
0.192
o ssn
v/ • *j j \j
0.397
0 . 051
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0.096
, 0.390
0. 051
V • V +J J~
0.083
0.237
0.237
0.077
0.390
0 2fiQ
w • £• \j y
37.500
*Regulated Pollutant
                              2624
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT ,- XII
                     TABLE XI1-4 (Continued)

       PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(c) Spent Plating Solutions PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
   mg/liter of spent plating solutions used as a raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600

*Regulated Pollutant
                                2625
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII


                      TABLE XII-4 (Continued)

        PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


 (d)  Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
                  mg/troy  ounce  of  gold  stripped
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
7.141
5.143
0.740
1.369
4i736
0.740
1.036
2.035
3.034
1.073
5.180
3.774
493.200
1.110
3.182
2.294
0.296
0.555
2.257
0.296
0.481
1.369
1.369
0.444
2.257
1.554
216.800
*Regulated Pollutant
                              2626
-------
      SECONDARY -PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-4 (Continued)

       PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150 .
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
«•" — —
*Regulated Pollutant

•'•This  allowance applies to either acid or alkaline  wet
 air pollution control scrubbers.   If both acid and alkaline
 wet  air  pollution  control  scrubbers  are  present  in  a
 particular facility the same allowance applies to each.
                               2627
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS  METALS  SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                      TABLE  XII-4  (Continued)

        PSES  FOR  THE  SECONDARY  PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY


 (f) Gold  Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.216
0.876
0.126
0.233
0.806
0.126
0.176
0.347
0.517
0.183
0.882
0.643
83.980
0.189
0.542
0.391
0.050
0.095
0.384
0.050
0.082
0.233
0.233
0.076
0.384
0.265
36.920

*Regulated Pollutant
                              2628
-------
      SECONDARY 'PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT"- XII


                     TABLE XII-4 (Continued)

       PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(g) Gold Spent Electrolyte PSES                          t
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
         mg/troy ounce of. gold produced, by electrolysis
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.017 •'
0.012
0.002
0.003
0.011
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.007
0.003
0.012
0.009
1.160
0.003
0.007
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.510

*Regulated Pollutant
                                2629
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                      TABLE XII-4  (Continued)

        PSES  FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS  METALS  SUBCATEGORY
 (h) Gold  Precipitation  and  Filtration  PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
               mg/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
8.492
6.116
0.880
1.628
5.632
0.880
1.232
2.420
3.608
1.276
6.160
4.488
586.500
1.320
3.784
2.728
0.352
0.660
2.684
0.352
0.572
1.628
1.628
0.528
2.684
1.848
257.800

*Regulated Pollutant
                              2630
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XI1-4 (Continued)

       PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant pr.6pe.rty
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
             mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
»«_
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2631
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-4  (Continued)

       PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


 (j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
             mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
11.580 .
8.340
1.200
2.200
7.680
1.200
1.680
3.300
4.920
1.740
8.400
6.120
799.800
1.800
5.160
3.720
0.480
0.900
3.660
0.480
0.780
2.220
2.220
0.720
3.660
2.520
351.600
— — — •
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2632
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII

               -9

                     TABLE XII-4 (Continued)


       PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY



(k) Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and Filtration PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
    rng/troy ounce of other platinum group metals precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
* Combined metals
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
«•«•«"•
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2633
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-4 (Continued)

       PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(1)  Solution from PGC Salt Production PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.737
1.251
0.180
0.333
1.152
0.180
0.252
0.495
0.738
0.261
1.260
0.918
120.000
0.270
0.774
0.558
0.072
0.135
0.549
0.072
0.117
0.333
0.333
0.108
0.549
0.378
52.740
«.«»«.
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2634
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-4  (Continued)

       PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(m) Equipment and Floor Wash PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum Cor
monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver '
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.000
0.000
0.000 ..
0.000 :
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
«__
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2635
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                          SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-4  (Continued)

       PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
 (n) Preliminary Treatment PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
              Maximum for
            Monthly Average
         mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
                     through this operation
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Combined metals
Ammonia (as N)
  96.500
  69.500
  10.000
  18.500
  64.000
  10.000
  14.000
  27.500
  41.000
  14.500
  70.000
  51.000
  15.000
6665.000
                      43.000
                      31.000
                       4.000
                       7.500
                      30.500
                       4.000
                       6.500
                      18.500
                      18.500
                       6.000
                      30.500
                      21.000

                    2930.000
                               2636
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT -r XII
                           TABLE XI1-5

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
     mg/troy ounce of precious metals incinerated or smelted
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
8.685
6.255
0.900
1.665
5.760
0.900
1.260
2.475
3.690
1.305
6.300
4.590
599.900
1.350
3.870
2.790
0.360
0.675
2.745
0.360
0.585
1.665
1.665
0.540
2.745
1.890
263.700
^•VM, ., , ' ,
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2637
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-5 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(b) Raw Material Granulation PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/troy ounce of precious metals in the granulated raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.235
0.890
0.128
0.237
0.819
0.128
0.179
0.352
0.525
0.186
0.896
0.653
85.310
0.192
0.550
0.397
0.051
0.096
0.390
0.051
0.083
0.237
0.237
0.077
0.390
0.269
37.500

*Regulated Pollutant
                               2638
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-5 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(c) Spent Plating Solutions PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
   mg/liter of spent plating solutions used as a raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
~~~
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2639
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-5 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(d) Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold
stripped
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
7.141
5.143
0.740
1.369
4.736
0.740
1.036
2.035
3.034
1.073
5.180
3.774
493.200
1.110
3.182
2.294
0.296
0.555
2.257
0.296
0.481
1.369
1.369
0.444
2.257
1.554
216.800
"™"^"™
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2640
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-5 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
—•— • —
*Regulated Pollutant
       allowance applies to either acid or alkaline  wet
 air pollution control scrubbers.    If both acid and alkaline
 wet  air  pollution  control  scrubbers  are  present  in  a
 particular facility the same allowance applies to each.
                               2641
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-5 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(f) Gold Solvent Extraction RafEinate and Wash Water PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.216
0.876
0.126
0.233
0.806
0.126
0.176
0.347
0.517
0.183
0.882
0.643
83.980
0.189
0.542
0.391
0.050
0.095
0.384
0.050
0.082
0.233
0.233
0.076
0.384
0.265
36.920

*Regulated Pollutant
                               2642
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCAT-EGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-5 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(g) Gold Spent Electrolyte PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
         mg/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.017
0.012
0.002
0.003
0.011
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.007
0.003
0.012
0.009
1.160
0.003
0.007
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.510
.
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2643
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-5 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
               mg/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
* Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
8.492
6.116
0.880
1.628
5.632
0.880
1.232
2.420
3.608
1.276
6.160
4.488
586.500
1.320
3.784
2.728
0.352
0.660
2.684
0.352
0.572
1.628
1.628
0.528
2.684
1.848
257.800
•"•"*"""
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2644
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-5 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(i)  Platinum Precipitation and Filtration PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
             mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
10.040
7.228 .
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
—• — •— _ '
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2645
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                     TABLE XII-5 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
             mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
11.580.
8.340
1.200
2.200
7.680
1.200
1.680
3.300
4.920
1.740
8.400
6.120
799.800
1.800
5.160
3.720
0.480
0.900
3.660
0.480
0.780
2.220
2.220
0.720
3.660
2.520
351.600
_ __ ^
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2646
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
                       SECT - XII
                     TABLE XI1-5 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


(k) Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and Filtration PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
    mg/troy ounce of other platinum group metals precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7 . 280
5.304
693.200
1.560
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700

*Regulated Pollutant
                               2647
-------
       SECONDARY PRECIOUS  METALS SUBCATEGORY
                        SECT - XII
                      TABLE XII-5  (Continued)

        PSNS  FOR  THE  SECONDARY  PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY


 (1)  Spent  Solution £rom  PGC Salt  Production PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
         nig/troy ounce of gold contained  in PGC product
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.737
1.251
0.180
0.333
1.152
0.180
0.252
0.495
0.738
0.261
1.260
0.918
120.000
0.270
0.774
0.558
0.072
0.135
0.549
0.072
0.117
0.333
0.333
0.108
0.549
0.378
52.740

*Regulated Pollutant
                               2648
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS .METALS SUBCATEGGRY    SECT'- XII



                     TABLE XII-5 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY



(m) Equipment and Floor Wash PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

*Regulated Pollutant
                                2649
-------
r
                  SECONDARY  PRECIOUS METALS  SUBCATEGORY
                          SECT - XII
                                TABLE XII-5  (Continued)

                  PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY


            (n) Preliminary Treatment PSNS
           Pollutant or
           Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
                    mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
                                through this operation
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Combined metals
Ammonia (as N)
96.500
69.500
10.000
18.500
64.000
10.000
14.000
27.500
41.000
14.500
70.000
51.000
15.000
6665.000
43.000
31.000
4.000
7.500
30.500
4.000
6.500
18.500
18.500
6.000
30.500
21.000
—
293,0.000
                                          2650
-------
      SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII



              SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY

                          SECTION XIII

         BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY


EPA  is  not  promulgating best  conventional  pollutant  control
technology (BCT) for the secondary precious metals subcategory at
this time.
                               2651
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII
        THIS  PAGE  INTENTIONALLY  LEFT  BLANK
                        2652
-------
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
           DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT
                       for the
            Secondary Silver Subcategory
                  William K. Reilly
                    Administrator
                   Rebecca Hanmer
      Acting Assistant Administrator for Water
              Martha Prothro, Director
      Office of Water Regulations and Standards
             Thomas  P.  O'Farrell,  Director
            Industrial  Technology  Division
              Ernst P.  Hall,  P.E.,  Chief
                Metals  Industry Branch
                          and
               Technical  Project Officer
                      May 1989
         U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                    Office of Water
       Office  of Water Regulations and Standards
            Industrial Technology Division
               Washington, D. C.   20460
                          2653
-------
2654
-------
                 SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                        TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section

I

II

III
 IV
SUMMARY

CONCLUSIONS

SUBCATEGORY PROFILE

Raw Materials
Photographic Materials
Nonphotographic Materials
Process Wastewater Sources
Other Wastewater Sources
Age, Production, and Process Profile

SUBCATEGORIZATION

Factors Considered in Subdividing the Secondary
  Silver  Subcategory
Plant Age
Plant Size
Production  Normalizing  Parameters

WATER USE AND WASTEWATER  CHARACTERISTICS

Wastewater  Flow Rates
Wastewater  Characteristics  Data
Wastewater  Characteristics  and Flows  by
   Subdivision
Film Stripping
Film Stripping  Wet Air  Pollution Control  and
   Film Stripping Solutions  Wet Air  Pollution
   Control                               .   .
Precipitation  and Filtration of  Film Stripping
   Solutions
 Precipitation  and Filtration of  Photographic
   Solutions
 Precipitation  and Filtration of  Photographic
   Solutions Wet Air  Pollution Control
 Electrolytic Refining
 Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control
 Leaching
 Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and
   Precipitation of Nonphotographic Solutions
   Wet Air Pollution Control
 Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
   Solutions
 Floor and Equipment Washdown
 Page

 2663

 2667

 2687

 2687
 2687
 2690
 2692
 2692
 2693

 2701

 2701

 2702
 2702
 2702
e

 2705

 2707
 2707
 2709

 2709
 2709


 2710

 2710

 2710

 2711
 2711
 2711
 2712


 2712

 2712
                             2655
-------
                  SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
Section
                  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS  (Continued)
                                                           Page
VI
VII
 SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

 Conventional and Nonconventional Pollutant
   Parameters Selected
 Toxic Priority Pollutants
 Toxic Pollutants Never Detected
 Toxic Pollutants Never Found Above Their
   Analytical Quantification Limit
 Toxic Pollutants Present  Below Concentrations
   Achievable by Treatment
 Toxic Pollutants Detected in a Small  Number  of
   Sources
 Priority  Pollutants  Selected for Further
   Consideration in Limitations and Standards

 CONTROL AND  TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

 Current Control and  Treatment  Practices
 Film  Stripping
 Film  Stripping Wet Air  Pollution Control and
   Film Stripping Solutions  Wet Air  Pollution
   Control
 Precipitation  and Filtration of Film  Strippinq
   Solutions
 Precipitation  and Filtration of Photographic
   Solutions
 Precipitation  and Filtration of Photographic
   Solutions Wet  Air  Pollution  Control
 Electrolytic Refining
 Furnace Wet Air  Pollution Control
 Leaching
 Leaching  Wet Air  Pollution Control and
  Precipitation  of Nonphotographic Solutions
  Wet Air Pollution Control
Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
  Solutions
Control and Treatment Options
Option A
Option B
Option C
Option E
 2749

 2749

 2750
 2750
 2751

 2751

 2751

 2754


 2765

 2765
 2765
 2765


 2766

 2766

 2766

 2767
 2767
 2768
 2768


 2769

 2770
 2770
 2770
2770
2770
                           2656
-------
Section
                 SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                  TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
VIII
IX
COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS

Option A
Option B
Option C                       •-.,.-•
Cost Methodology
Nonwater Quality Aspects
Energy Requirements
Solid Waste
Air Pollution

BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY
AVAILABLE

Technical Approach to BPT
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates
BPT Option Selection - Proposal
BPT Option Selection - Promulgation
Wastewater Discharge Rates
Collection of New Data
Film  Stripping
Film  Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and
  Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
  Control
Precipitation and Filtration of Film  Stripping
  Solutions
Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic
  Solutions
Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic
  Solutions  Wet Air Pollution  Control
Electrolytic Refining
Furnace Wet  Air Pollution Control
Leaching
Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and
  Precipitation of Nonphotographic Solutions
  Wet Air  Pollution Control
Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
  Solutions
Floor and  Equipment Washdown
Regulated  Pollutant Parameters
Effluent Limitations
2773

2773
2773
2773
2773
2775
2775
2775
2776

2779
                                                           2779
                                                           2781
                                                           2782
                                                           2783
                                                           2783
                                                           2784
                                                           2784
                                                           2785
                                                            2785

                                                            2786

                                                            2786

                                                            2787
                                                            2787
                                                            2788
                                                            2788


                                                            2789

                                                            2789
                                                            2790
                                                            2790
                            2657
-------
                  SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
 Section
                   TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
                                                            Page
XI
XII
XIII
 BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY           2801
 ACHIEVABLE                   .

 Technical Approach to BAT                        2801
 Option^A                                         2802
 Option B                                         2803
 Option C                                         2803
 Pollutant Removal  Estimates                       2804
 Compliance Costs                                  2804
 BAT  Option Selection  - Proposal                   2805
 BAT  Option Selection  - Promulgation               2805
 Wastewater Discharge  Rates                        2806
 Furnace  Wet Air Pollution Control                 2806
 Regulated Pollutant Parameters                    2806
 Effluent Limitations                              2808

 NEW  SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS                  2823

 Technical Approach to BDT                        2823
 BDT  Option Selection                              2824
 Regulated Pollutant Parameters                    2825
 New  Source Performance Standards                  2825

 PRETREATMENT STANDARDS                           2835

 Technical Approach to  Pretreatment                2835
 Pretreatment Standards  for Existing and           2836
  New Sources
 Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates     2836
 PSES Option Selection  - Proposal                  2837
 PSES Option Selection  - Promulgation              2837
 PSNS Options Selection                            2837
 Regulated Pollutant Parameters                    2838
 Pretreatment Standards           '                 2838

BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY    2855
                           2658
-------


Table
III-l
III-2
III-3
V-l
V-2
V-3
V-4
V-5
V-6
V-7
V-5
V-9
V-10
V-ll
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF TABLES
Title
Initial Operating Year (Range) Summary of
Plants in the Secondary Silver Subcategory
By Discharge Type
Production Ranges for the Secondary Silver
Subcategory
Summary of Secondary Silver Subcategory and
Associated Waste Streams
Water Use and Discharge Rate for Film
Stripping
Secondary Silver Sampling Data Photographic -
Miscellaneous Raw Wastewater
Water Use and Discharge Rate for Precipitation
and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions
Water Use and Discharge Rate for Precipitation
and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
Secondary Silver Sampling Data - Photographic
Solutions Raw Wastewater
Water Use and Discharge Rate for Precipitation
and Filtration of Photographic Solutions Wet Air
Pollution Control
Water Use and Discharge Rate for Electrolytic
Refining
Secondary Silver Sampling Data - Nonphotographic
- Miscellaneous Raw Wastewater
Water Use and Discharge Rate for Furnace Wet
Air Pollution Control
Water Use and Discharge Rate for Leaching
Water Use and Discharge Rate for Leaching and


Page
2694
2695
2696
2714
2715
2722
2723
2724
2726
2727
2728
2732
2733
2734
V-l 2
Precipitation of Nonphotographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control

Water Use and Discharge Rate for Precipitation
and Filtration of Nonphotographic Solutions
2735
                           2659
-------


Table
V-13
V-14
V-15
VI-1
VI-2
VIII-1
VIII-2
IX-1
IX- 2
X-l
X-2
X-3
X-4
XI-1
XI-2
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Title
Secondary Silver Sampling Data - Nonphotographic
Treatment Plant Samples - Plant A
Secondary Silver Sampling Data - Nonphotographic
Treatment Plant Samples - Plant B
Secondary Silver Sampling Data - Nonphotographic
Treatment Plant Samples - Plant C
Frequency of Occurrence of Priority Pollutants
Secondary Silver Raw Wastewater
Priority Pollutants Never Detected
Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Silver
Subcategory Direct Dischargers
Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Silver
Subcategory Indirect Dischargers
BPT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the
Secondary Silver Subcategory
BPT Effluent Limitations for the Secondary
Silver Subcategory
Current Recycle Practices Within the Secondary
Silver Silver Subcategory
Pollutant Removal Estimates for Secondary
Silver Direct Dischargers
BAT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Secondary
Silver Subcategory
BAT Limitations for the Secondary Silver
Subcategory
NSPS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the
Secondary Silver Subcategory
NSPS for the Secondary Silver Subcategory


Page
2734
2735
2736
2768
2772
2778
2778
2793
2795
2812
2813
2814
2815
2828
2830
2660
-------
                 SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY


                   LIST OP TABLES (Continued)

Table                  Title                               Page


XII-1     Pollutant Removal Estimates for Secondary        2841
          Silver Indirect Dischargers

XII-2     PSNS and PSNS Wastewater Discharge Rates for     2842
          the Secondary Silver Subcategory

XII-3     PSES for the Secondary Silver Subcategory        2844

XII-4     PSNS for the Secondary Silver Subcategory        2850
                            2661
-------
                 SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY


                         LIST OF FIGURES

Figure                  Title                              Page
III-l     Silver Refining from Photographic Materials      2697

III-2     Silver Refining from Waste Plating Solutions     2698

III-3     Secondary Silver Production Process from         2699
          Nonphotographic Scrap.

III-4     Geographic Locations of the Secondary Silver     2700
          Plants

V-l       Sampling Sites at Secondary Silver Plant - A     2744

V-2       Sampling Sites at Secondary Silver Plant - B     2745

V-3       Sampling Sites at Secondary Silver Plant - C     2746

V-4       Sampling Sites at Secondary Silver Plant - D     2747

IX-1      BPT Treatment Scheme for the Secondary Silver    2801
          Subcategory

X-l       BAT Treatment Scheme for Option A                2822
          Secondary Silver Subcategory

X-2       BAT Treatment Scheme for Option B                2823
          Secondary Silver Subcategory

X-2       BAT Treatment Scheme for Option C                2824
          Secondary Silver Subcategory
                           2662
-------
           SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - I
                            SECTION I

                             .SUMMARY
This  document  provides  the technical  basis  for  promulgating
effluent  limitations based on best practicable technology  (BPT)
and  best available technology economically achievable (BAT)  for
existing direct dischargers, pretreatment standards for  existing
indirect  dischargers  (PSES),  pretreatment  standards  for  new
indirect dischargers (PSNS), and standards of performance for new
source  direct  dischargers (NSPS) for plaints  in  the  Secondary
Silver Subcategory.

The secondary silver subcategory is comprised of 61  plants.   Of
the  61 plants,  seven discharge directly to  rivers,  lakes,  or
streams;  26  discharge to publicly owned treatment works (POTW);
and 28 achieve zero discharge of process wastewater.

EPA  first studied the secondary silver subcategory to  determine
whether   differences   in   raw   materials,   final   products,
manufacturing  processes, equipment, age and size of  plants,  or
water  usage,  required  the  development  of  separate  effluent
limitations   and  standards  for  different  segments   of   the
subcategory.   This  involved a detailed analysis  of  wastewater
discharge  and  treated effluent characteristics,  including  the
sources and volume of water used, the processes used, the sources
of  pollutants  and wastewaters in the plant, and the  toxic  and
other pollutant constituents of wastewater.

As  a  result  11  subdivisions  or  building  blocks  have  been
identified  in  this subcategory that warrant  separate  effluent
limitations.  These include:

1.  Film stripping
2.  Film stripping wet air pollution control and precipitation
    and filtration of film stripping solutions wet air
    pollution control,
3.  Precipitation and filtration of film stripping solutions,
4.  Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions,
5.  Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
    wet air pollution control,
6.  Electrolytic refining,
7.  Furnace wet air pollution control,
8.  Leaching,
9.  Leaching wet air pollution control and precipitation of
    nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control,
10. Precipitation and filtration of nonphotographic solutions,
    and
11 * Floor and equipment washdown.

Several  distinct  control and treatment technologies  (both  in-
plant   and  end-of-pipe)  applicable  to  the  secondary  silver
subcategory were identified.  The Agency analyzed both historical
                           2663
-------
           SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - I


and   newly   generated   data  on  the  performance   of   these
technologies/  including  their  nonwater  quality  environmental
impacts (such as air quality impacts and solid waste generation),
and energy requirements.  EPA also studied various flow reduction
techniques  reported in the data collection portfolios (dcp)  and
plant visits.

Engineering  costs  were  prepared for each of  the  control  and
treatment options considered for the category.   These costs were
then 'used  by the Agency to estimate the impact of  implementing
the  various options on the subcategory.   For each  control  and
treatment  option that the Agency found to be most effective  and
technically  feasible in controlling the discharge of pollutants,
the number of potential closures,  number of employees  affected,
and  impact on price were estimated.   These results are reported
in a separate document entitled "The Economic Impact Analysis  of
Effluent  Limitations  and  Standards for the  Nonferrous  Metals
Manufacturing Industry."

Based  on  consideration of the  above  factors,  EPA  identified
various control and treatment technologies which formed the basis
for  BPT and selected control and treatment appropriate for  each
set  of  standards  and limitations.   The mass  limitations  and
standards for BPT,  BAT,  NSPS,  PSES,  and PSNS are presented in
Section II.

After  examining the various treatment technologies,  the  Agency
has identified BPT to represent the average of the best  existing
technology.   Metals  removal  based on  lime  precipitation  and
sedimentation  technology  is the basis for the BPT  limitations.
Steam stripping was selected as the technology basis for  ammonia
limitations.   Complete  recycle  of treated flow  and  equipment
washdown  water  is  also included.   To meet  the  BPT  effluent
limitations,  the  secondary  silver  subcategory will  incur  an
estimated  capital cost of $0.110 million (1982 dollars)   and  an
annual cost of $0.309 million (1982 dollars).

For  BAT,  the  Agency  has  built upon the  BPT  basis  of  lime
precipitation  and  sedimentation  .by adding  in-process  control
technology   and  multimedia  filtration.    In-process   control
technology  includes recycle or reuse of process water  from  wet
air  pollution control.   Filtration is added as a polishing step
to further reduce metals and suspended solids concentrations.  To
meet  BAT  effluent limitations based  on  this  technology,  the
secondary silver subcategory is estimated to incur a capital cost
of  $0.278  million (1982 dollars) and an annual cost  of  $0.390
million (1982 dollars).

The  best demonstrated technology,  BDT,  which is the  technical
basis  of NSPS,  is equivalent to BAT.   In  selecting  BDT,  EPA
recognizes  that new plants have the opportunity to implement the
best  and  most efficient manufacturing processes  and  treatment
technology.   However,  the  technology  basis of  BAT  has  been
determined   as  the  best  demonstrated  technology  because  no
additional  process modifications or treatment technologies  have


                           2664
-------
           SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - I


been identified that substantially improve BAT performance.

Pretreatment standards for existing sources are based on the same
technology  as  BAT.   The technology basis  is  in-process  flow
reduction,  ammonia  steam stripping preliminary treatment,  lime
precipitation,  sedimentation,  complete recycle of'treated .floor
and equipment washdown water, and multimedia filtration.  To meet
PSES,  the  secondary silver subcategory is estimated to incur  a
capital cost of $0.634 million (1982 dollars) and an annual  cost
of $0.422 million (1982 dollars).

For  pretreatment  standards for new sources (PSNS),   the  Agency
selected preliminary treatment,  end-of-pipe treatment,  and  in-
process  flow reduction control techniques equivalent to BDT.  As
such,  the  PSNS  are identical to the NSPS  for  all  wastewater
streams.
                            2665
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - I
    THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                2666
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
            SECT - II
                           SECTION II

                           CONCLUSIONS
EPA   has  divided  the  secondary  silver  subcategory  into  11
subdivisions  or  building  blocks for the  purpose  of  effluent
limitations and standards. These subdivisions are:

(a)  Film stripping,
(b)  Film stripping wet air pollution control and precipitation
     and filtration of film stripping solutions wet air
     pollution control,
(c)  Precipitation and filtration of film  stripping solutions,
(d)  Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions,
(e)  Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
     wet  air  pollution  control,
(f)  Electrolytic  refining,
(g)  Furnace wet air  pollution  control,
(h)  Leaching,
(i)  Leaching wet air pollution control and precipitation of
     nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control,
(j)  Precipitation and filtration of nonphotographic
     solutions, and
(k)  Floor and equipment washdown.

Promulgated  BPT  is based on the performance achievable  by  the
application   of   chemical   precipitation   and   sedimentation
(lime  and settle) technology,  along with preliminary  treatment
consisting of ammonia steam stripping for selected waste streams.
Complete recycle of treated floor and equipment washdown is  also
included.    The   following   BPT  effluent    limitations   are
promulgated for existing sources:

(a)  Film Stripping  BPT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
           mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
       95.670
       73.510
    6,712.000
    2,065.000
        50.350
        30.720
     2,951.000
       981.800
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
         at all times
                               2667
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
            SECT - II
(b)  Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
     and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
     Control  BPT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
    nig/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration
                   of film stripping solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
PH
        1.843            0.970
        1.416            0.592
      129.300           56.840
       39.770           18.920
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
         at all times
(c)  Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
     Solutions  BPT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
PH
      109.400           57.570
       84.050           35.120
    7,674.000        3,374.000
    2,361.000        1,123.000
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
         at all times
(d)  Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic
     Solutions  BPT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
       50.540
       38.836
    3,545.000
    1,090.600
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
         at all times
        26.600
        16.226
     1,559.000
       518.700
                           2668
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
            SECT - II
(e)  Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic
     Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  BPT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
              Maximum for
            Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration
of photographic solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
   23.070
   17.730
1,618.000
  497.800
                        12.140
                         7.406
                       711.400
                       236.800
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
         at all times
(f)  Electrolytic Refining  BPT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
              Maximum for
            Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
        1.444            0.760
        1.110            0.464
      101.300           44.540
       31.160           14.820
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
         at all times
 (g)  Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control  BPT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
              Maximum for
            Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted or dried
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia  (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
        1.273            0.670
        0.978            0.409
       89.310           39.260
       27.470           13.070
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
        at all times
                           2669
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
            SECT - II
(h)  Leaching  BPT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
         mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
        0.164            0.086
        0.126            0.053
       11.470            5.040
        3.526            1.677
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
         at all times
(i)  Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
     Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  BPT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
         mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
                     or silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
PH
        8.417            4.430
        6.468            2.703
      590.500          259.600
      181.700           86.390
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
         at all times
(j)  Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
     Solutions  BPT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia  (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
        5.833
        4.482
      409.300
      125.900
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
         at all times
         3.070
         1.873
       179.900
        59.870
                           2670
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
            SECT - II
(k)  Floor and Equipment Washdown  BPT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
               mg/troy ounce of silver production
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
        0.000
        0,000
        0.000
        0.000
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
         at all times
         0.000
         0.000
         0.000
         0.000
EPA  is  promulgating  BAT based on  the  performance  achievable
by  the  application  of  in-process  flow  reduction,   chemical
precipitation,   sedimentation,   complete   recycle  of  treated
floor  and facility washdown water,  and  multimedia  filtration,
along  with  ammonia  steam  stripping  for  selected  wastewater
streams.  The following BAT effluent limitations are  promulgated
for existing sources:
(a)  Film Stripping  BAT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
  Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
           mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia(as N)
       64.450
       51.360
    6,712.000
        30.720
        21.150
     2,951.000
                           2671
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                              SECT - II
(b)  Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and
     Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
     Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  BAT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum for     Maximum for
                                    Any One Day   Monthly Average
    mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration
                   of film stripping solutions-
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
                                          1.242
                                          0.990
                                        129.300
 0.592
 0.408
56.840
(c)  Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
     Solutions  BAT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum for     Maximum for
                                    Any One Day   Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated

                                         73.690           35.120
                                         58.720           24.180
                                      7,674.000        3,374.000
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
(d)  Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions  BAT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum for     Maximum for
                                    Any One Day   Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated

                                         34.048           16.226
                                         27.132           11.172
                                      3,545.000        1,559.000
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
                           2672
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER  SUBCATEGORY
          SECT  -  II
 (e)  Precipitation and Filtration of_ Photographic Solutions
     Wet Air Pollution Control  BAT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum forMaximum for
Any One Day   Monthly Average
  mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
                     photographic solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia  (as N)
     15.540
     12.380
  1,618.000
         7.406
         5.099
       711.400
(f)  Electrolytic Refining  BAT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for     Maximum for
Any One Day   Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
      0.973
      0.775
    101.300
         0.464
         0.319
        44.540
(g)  Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control   BAT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
      0.000
      0.000
      0.000
         0.000
         0.000
         0.000
                           2673
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                SECT - II
(h)  Leaching  BAT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                      Maximum for
                      Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
         mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
                            0.110
                            0.088
                           11.470
         0.053
         0.036
         5.040
(i)  Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
     Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  BAT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                      Maximum for
                      Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
    mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching or silver
                          precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
                            5.671
                            4.519
                          590.500
         2.703
         1.861
       259.600
(j)  Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
     Solutions  BAT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                      Maximum for
                      Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated

                            3.930
                            3.132
                          409.300
         1.873
         1.290
       179.900
                           2674
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
             SECT - II
(k)  Floor and Equipment Washdown  BAT
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
   Maximum for
   Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
               mg/troy ounce of silver production
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
      0.000
      0.000
      0.000
       0.000
       0.000
       0.000
NSPS  are promulgated based on the performance achievable by  the
application  of  chemical   precipitation,   sedimentation,   and
multimedia filtration (lime,  settle,  and filter) technology and
in-process  flow reduction control methods,  along with  complete
recycle  of  treated  floor  and  equipment  washdown  water  and
preliminary  treatment consisting of ammonia steam stripping  for
selected  waste ' streams.   The following effluent standards  are
promulgated for new sources:

(a)  Film Stripping  NSPS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
   Maximum for
   Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
           mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia(as N)
Total Suspended Solids
PH
        64.450           30.720
        51.360           21.150
     6,712.000        2,951.000
       755.300          604.200
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
        at all times
                           2675
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
             SECT - II
(b)  Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and
     Precipitation and Filtration o£~Film S"EFipping
     Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  NSPS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
   Maximum for
   Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
    mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration
                   of film stripping solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH Within the
1.242
0.990
129.300
14.550
range of 7.0 to 10.0
0.592
0.408
56.840
11.640
at all times
(c)  Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
     Solutions  NSPS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
   Maximum for
   Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
        73.690           35.120
        58.720           24.180
     7,674.000        3,374.000
       863.600          690.900
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
        at all times
 (d)  Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions  NSPS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
   Maximum for
   Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia  (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
        34.048           16.226
        27.132           11.172
     3,545.000        1,559.000
       399.000          319.200
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
        at all times
                            2676
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                              SECT - II
(e)  Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
     Wet Air Pollution Control  NSPS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum for
                                    Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
  mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
                     photographic solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
                                         15.540            7.406
                                         12.380            5.099
                                      1,618.000          711.400
                                        182.100          145.700
                                 Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
                                         at all times
(f)  Electrolytic Refining  NSPS
                                    Maximum for
                                    Any One Day
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
                                          0.973            0.464
                                          0.775            0.319
                                        101.300           44.540
                                         11.400            9.120
                                 Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
                                         at all times
 (g)  Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control
                                         NSPS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum for
                                    Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
                                          0
                                          0
                                          0
                                          0
         0
         0
         0
         0
                                 Within the range of 7.0 to 10,
                                         at all times
                           2677
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
             SECT - II
(h)  Leaching  NSPS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
   Maximum for
   Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
         mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
         0.110            0.053
         0.088            0.036
        11.470            5.040
         1.290            1.032
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
        at all times
(i)  Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
     Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  NSPS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
   Maximum for
   Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
    mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching or silver
                          precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
         5.671
         4.519
       590.500
        66.450
         2.703
         1.861
       259.600
        53.160
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
        at all times
(j)  Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
     Solutions  NSPS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
   Maximum for
   Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
         3.930
         3.132
       409.300
        46.050
         1.873
         1.290
       179.900
        36.840
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
        at all times
                           2678
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                              SECT - II
(k)  Floor and Equipment Washdown  NSPS
                                    Maximum for
                                    Any One Day
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
               mg/troy ounce of silver production
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
PH
                                       0.000
                                       0.000
                                       0.000
                                       0.000
                                 Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
                                         at all times
       0.000
       0.000
       0.000
       0.000
EPA  is promulgating PSES based on the performance achievable  by
the   application   of  in-process   flow   reduction,   chemical
precipitation,  sedimentation,  complete recycle of treated floor
and  facility washdown water,  and multimedia  filtration,  along
with  ammonia steam stripping for selected  waste  streams.   The
following  pretreatment  standards are promulgated  for  existing
sources:

(a)  Film Stripping  PSES
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum for
                                    Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
           mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
64.450
51.360
6,712.000
30.720
21,150
2,951.000
 (b)  Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and
     Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
     Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  PSES
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum for
                                    Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
    mg/troy ounce of silver  from precipitation and filtration
                   of  film stripping solutions
 Copper
 Zinc
 Ammonia  (as N)
                                          1.242
                                          0.990
                                        129.300
         0.592
         0.408
        56.840
                            2679
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                              SECT - II
 (c)  Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
     Solutions  PSES
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum for     Maximum for
                                    Any One Day   Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated

                                         73.690           35.120
                                         58.720           24.180
                                      7,674.000        3,374.000
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
(d)  Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions  PSES
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum forMaximum for
                                    Any One Day   Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated

                                         34.048           16.226
                                         27.132           11.172
                                      3,545.000        1,559.000
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
(e)  Precipitation and Filtration of_ Photographic Solutions
     Wet Air Pollution Control  PSES
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum forMaximum for
                                    Any One Day   Monthly Average
  mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
                     photographic solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
                                         15.540
                                         12.380
                                      1,618.000
  7.406
  5.099
711.400
                           2680
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
          SECT - II
(f)   Electrolytic Refining  PSES
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for     Maximum for
Any One Day   Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
      0.973
      0.775
    101.300
         0.464
         0.319
        44.540
(g)  Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control   PSES
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
      0
      0
      0
         0
         0
         0
 (h)  Leaching  PSES
   Pollutant or
 Pollutant Property
Maximum  for      Maximum for
Any  One  Day    Monthly Average
         mg/troy ounce of silver produced  from  leaching
 Copper
 Zinc
 Ammonia  (as N)
       0.110
       0.088
      11.470
         0.053
         0.036
         5.040
                            2681
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
           SECT - II
 (i)   Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
      Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  PSES
    Pollutant or
 Pollutant Property
 Maximum for
 Any One Day
                                      Maximum for
                                    Monthly Average
     ing/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching or silver
                           precipitated
 Copper
 Zinc
 Ammonia  (as  N)
       5.671
       4.519
     590.500
                                             2.703
                                             1.861
                                           259.600
 (j)   Precipitation  and  Filtration  of  Nonphotographic
      Solutions   PSES
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
                                     Maximum for
                                   Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated

Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
      3.930
      3.132
    409.300
                                            1.873
                                            1.290
                                          179.900
(k)  Floor and Equipment Washdown  PSES
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
                                     Maximum for
                                   Monthly Average
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
mg/troy ounce of silver production

                        0.000
                        0.000
                        0.000
                     0.000
                     0.000
                     0.000
                           2682
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                             SECT
   II
PSNS  are promulgated based on the performance achievable by  the
application   of  chemical  precipitation,   sedimentation,   and
multimedia filtration (lime,  settle,  and filter) technology and
in-process  flow reduction control methods,  along with  complete
recycle  of  treated  floor  and  equipment  washdown  water  and
preliminary  treatment consisting of ammonia steam stripping  for
selected waste streams.  The following pretreatment standards are
promulgated for new sources:

(a)  Film Stripping  PSNS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                   Maximum for
                                   Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
           mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia(as N)
                                        64.450
                                        51.360
                                      6,712.000
        30.720
        21.150
     2,951.000
 (b)  Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and
     Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
     Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  PSNS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                                   Maximum  for
                                   Any  One  Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
    mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration
                   of film stripping solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia  (as N)
                                          1.242
                                          0.990
                                        129.300
         0.592
         0.408
        56.840
 (c)  Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
     Solutions  PSNS
    Pollutant or
 Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum for
                                    Any One Day
  Maximum  for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated

                                         73.690            35.120
                                         58.720            24.180
                                      7,674.000         3,374.000
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
                            2683
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                              SECT - II
 (d)  Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions  PSNS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
                                                    Maximum for
                                                  Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated

                                         34.048           16.226
                                         27.132           11.172
                                      3,545.000        1,559.000
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
(e)  Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
     Wet Air Pollution Control  PSNS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
                                                    Maximum for
                                                  Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
(f) Electrolytic Refining
15.540 7.406
12.380 5.099
1,618.000 711.400
PSNS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
                                                    Maximum for
                                                  Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
                                          0.973
                                          0.775
                                        101.300
                       0.464
                       0.319
                      44.540
                           2684
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
          SECT - II
(g)  Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control   PSNS

   Pollutant or~~~~
Pollutant Property
                                    Maximum for
                                    Any One Day
                Maximum for
              Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
      0.000
      0.000
      0.000
                                                           0.000
                                                           0.000
                                                           0.000
(h)  Leaching  PSNS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum .for
Any One Day
                                                    Maximum  for
                                                  Monthly Average
         mg/troy ounce of silver produced  from  leaching
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia  (as N)
      0.110
      0.088
     11.470
                                                            0.053
                                                            0.036
                                                            5.040
 (i)   Leaching Wet' Air  Pollution  Control  and Precipitation of
      NonphotoqlFaphic Solutions Wet  Air Pollution Control   PSNS
    Pollutant  or
 Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
                                                     Maximum for
                                                   Monthly Average
     mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching or silver
                           precipitated
 Copper
 Zinc
 Ammonia (as N)
       5.671
       4.519
     590.500
                                                            2.703
                                                            1.861
                                                          259.600
                            2685
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                               SECT -  II
 (j)   Precipitation and Filtration of  Nonphotoqraphic
      Solutions   PSNS                    	—	
    Pollutant  or
 Pollutant  Property
                                    Maximum for
                                    Any One Day
                Maximum  for
              Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia  (as N)
                                          3.930
                                          3.132
                                        409.300
                       1.873
                       1.290
                     179.900
     Floor and Equipment Washdown  PSNS
   Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
                                                    Maximum for
                                                  Monthly Average
               mg/troy ounce of silver production
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
                                       0.000
                                       0.000
                                       0.000
                     0.000
                     0.000
                     0.000
                          2686
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - III



                           SECTION III

                       SUBCATEGORY PROFILE                 ~


This section of the secondary silver supplement describes the raw
materials  and  processes used in refining secondary  silver  and
presents  a profile of the secondary silver plants identified  in
this study.

The  production  of  secondary silver can  be  divided  into  two
processing   types   based  on  the  source  of  raw   materials;
photographic  and nonphotographic.   Photographic  processes  for
recovering silver include film stripping and precipitation,  film
incineration,  chemical  precipitation  from  solution,  metallic
replacement  in  solution,   and  direct  electrolytic  refining.
Nonphotographic  manufacturing  involves precipitation of  silver
from  waste  plating solutions, melting and casting  of  sterling
silver scrap, and processing electrical component scrap.

RAW MATERIALS

The principal raw materials used by plants recovering silver from
photographic  materials  are discarded  photographic  film   (both
color  and  black  and white),  scrap  photographic  papers, _and
silver-rich  sludges and solutions from photographic  processing.
Waste  plating solutions,  sterling ware  scrap,  and  electrical
component  scrap  are  the principal raw materials  used  in  the
nonphotographic category.

PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS

Photographic   raw  materials  silver recovery can be divided  into
two primary sources,  discarded film and photographic papers, and
film  processing solutions.    There are many different  processes
for   recovering  silver  from  photographic  materials.   The  most
common methods are discussed  below.

The silver  in  the  emulsion on discarded film can be recovered by
stripping  and  precipitation,  or incineration.   Figure  III-l  (page
2697)   represents  a  general  flow  diagram  of   photographic  film
scrap processes.   The  primary steps are:

      1.  Granulation,
      2.  Stripping,
      3.  Sedimentation and  filtration,
      4.  Precipitation,
      5.  Roasting,
      6.  Casting,
      7.  Purification,  and
      8.  Melting and  casting.

 Photographic film can be stripped directly or  first shredded  and
 granulated.    Dust  generated by  granulation  is collected with  a


                            2687
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - III


 baghouse  and recycled to the precipitation step further alonq in
 the  process.   The  film can be stripped of  the  silver-bearing
 emulsion  in< a  number of ways.   in one  method,  the  film  is
 stripped  using  nitric  acid,  resulting  in  a  silver  nitrate
 solution.   The  reaction of emulsion with nitric  acid  produces
 nitrogen-containing air emissions (NOX), which are removed with a
 scrubber,  resulting in a wastewater stream.  Another method uses
 wet oxidation with a catalyst at high temperature and pressure to
 produce  a  silver liquor.    A third stripping  process  converts
 silver  in  the  film to silver chloride  using  ferric  chloride
 solution containing hydrochloric acid.

 A  silver-rich solution is  usually separated from the  granulated
 film   base  (residue)    by   sedimentation,   decantation,    and
 filtration.    The residue is discarded as solid waste,  usually in
 a  landfill.    Some  plants salvage the film base  with  washinq,
 dewatering,   and drying steps.    The film base can be reused as a
 raw  material  for  new photographic  film.    Wastewater  can  be
 generated during the washing of the film base.

 Silver  in solution can be  precipitated by various precipitatinq
 agents.   Caustic soda,  soda ash (Na2CO3),  and proteolytic enzymes
 are commonly  used.    Alum is used  as a flocculating agent in some
 processes.    The addition of chloride ion  will  precipitate silver
 chloride  which   can be  reduced  to silver   by  direct  hydroqen
 reduction with   gaseous  hydrogen   under  high  temperature  and
 pressure.   Thiosulfate solution also converts  silver chloride to
 a   soluble  silver  complex,   silver  thiosulfate,   from  which  the
 silver may be  electrodeposited.  Recovered baghouse dust  from the
 granulation step may also be added during  the precipitation  step.

 The  silver-free supernatant   is  decanted and is  a   source of
 wastewater.  Silver   sludge   is dewatered  by  gravity   or  filter
 thickening,  vacuum   filtration,  centrifuging,  or drying.    The
 water  removed is sent  to waste treatment.   Alkaline   or  acidic
 fumes  emitted from the precipitation  step  are scrubbed, resultinq
 in  a  wastewater stream.    Silver sludge  filtration and  washinq
 produces another  silver-free wastewater stream.

 The dried cake is roasted in a reverberatory furnace.   The impure
 silver is then cast  into ingots or dore plates.  The furnace  slaq
 is  crushed and classified, and the silver concentrate recycled as
 furnace feed,  while the tailings are landfilled.  Most processes
 have baghouses for control of particulates in furnace  off-qases
 Some  use  scrubbers and  electrostatic  precipitators.    Contact
 cooling  water  is  used at some plants  during  casting.   Other
 plants air cool the ingots on dore plates.

 Dore  plates are electrolytically refined on-site or  shipped  to
 other  facilities.   The electrolytic purification is  carried out
 in  either Balbach-Thum cells (horizontal electrodes)  or  Moebius
 cells  (vertical  electrodes).   A current is passed  between  an
anode  and  a cathode which  are suspended  in  solution.   Silver
collects on the cathode.  A  typical electrolyte solution consists
of  silver  nitrate  and a small  amount  of   nitric  acid.    The
                           2688
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY.    SECT - III


electrolyte  is  kept slightly to mildly acidic,  a pH  range  of
IpproxTmately 2 to 6.  The refined silver is periodically scraped
from  the cathode and washed to remove residual electrolyte.   in
addition to refined'silver,  electrolysis produces a waste stream
of  spent  electrolyte and wash water,  and  a  slime  containing
precious  metals  such as gold and platinum.   The slime  may  be
further refined for precious metals recovery.

The  refined silver is dried,  melted in a melting  furnace,  and
cast  as  ingots.   Pollution  control of  furnace  off-gases  is
handled with a baghouse, scrubber, or electrostatic precipitator.
Contact  cooling water is used in the casting steps,  as well  as
casting scrubbers which produce wastewater streams.

Photographic  film  and photographic papers may  be  incinerated,
rather   than   processed   by   granulation,    stripping,   and
precipitation.   The   temperature  and   rate of burning  must  be
carefully controlled  if high efficiency  is to be maintained.  Air
emissions   include  organic vapors from   the  volatilization  and
decomposition   of  organic  scrap  contaminants,   as  well   as
combustion   gases  and  dust.    The  emissions   are   sometimes
controlled  by afterburners; at some plants, afterburners are used
in series with  a baghouse  or scrubber.    Wet scrubbing  techniques
produce  a  wastewater discharge.   Silver-bearing  ash is then fed
directly    to   roasting  and  the  impure  silver   is   cast  and
electrolytically  refined as described above.   Some refineries buy
silver-bearing  ash  from scrap dealers.

There  are   three   basic   methods  for   recovering  silver   from
photoqraphic   processing   solutions:     chemical   precipitation,
metallic  replacement, and direct  electrolytic refining.    Silver
 recovery   from baths has  also been successful  by  adsorption from
 solution   by  ion exchange.   Reverse osmosis  has   been used   on
 dilute solutions.

 Silver-rich  solutions  from photographic  film  developing  and
 manufacturing undergo precipitation  and purification as described
 above.  One alternate method uses sulfide compounds,  particularly
 sodium  sulfide as the precipitating agent.   Gaseous  emissions,
 such  as  hydrogen sulfide, are controlled with a  wet   scrubber,
 resulting  in  a wastewater stream.  The  subsequent  process  for
 silver recovery is identical to other precipitation methods.

 Silver  ions can be effectively reduced from solution to a  solid
 state  by  a replacement reaction.   Any metal more  active  than
 silver  will  go into solution as an ion,  while the  silver  ion
 becomes  solid  metal.   Zinc,  aluminum,  copper,  and iron  are
 commonly used to recover silver by replacement from  photographic
 fixing  solutions.    The silver sludge produced can be  filtered,
 roasted, and cast as  described previously.

 Although used as a purification step in  other recovery processes,
 electrolytic refining is also a direct means of silver  recovery.
 in the electrolytic  method,  a current  is passed between an anode
 and  a cathode which are  suspended in a  solution  which  contains
                             2689
-------
                SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - III
 beow           1'°  "a/1** silver.   Solutions  containing  silver
 below     this     concentration   are    difficult     to    refine
         Y ?hily* ^Ve-'  about  *9  percent  pure,  collects  on the
            T? M, Cathode  is  Periodically  stripped to  recover   the
            fv,  thVu?rent  density is too high for  the  amount  of
    ««     the solution, thiosulfate in  solution will  decompose,
 forming silver sulfide.  This  reduces current efficiency  and  will
 render  the  regenerated solution unsuitable  for   reuse.   Spent
 electrolyte  solution is discarded or further refined  for  other
 precious  metals.   If the thiosulfate in solution  is  allowed  to
 decompose,  gaseous  sulfur emissions (SOX),  must   be  controlled
 NONPHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS

 Based  on  the  source  of  raw  materials,  the  nonphotographic
 materials  category can be divided into three basic processes for
 the   recovery  of  silver:    precipitation  of  waste   platinq
           -!1116"1?9,, °f  sil^rware,P dental  scrap,  coins,  and
          Sp1Ver  industry scrap  (e.g.,  turnings,  sweeps)   and
          of electrical components scrap.
    n-           is Produced by electroplating silver from
 cyanide solutions onto preformed shapes made of tin,  iron, zinc?
 or  copper.    Silver wastes generated are spills  of  silver-rich
                dllU^ -WaSh  solutions,  and  spent  efectrolyte.
 **    ifl     S9 solu^ons are treated to precipitate the  silver
 and  oxidize the cyanide.   As shown in Figure III-2 (page  2698)
 the  process consists of precipitation, filtration  and  washing;
 drying   or   roasting,  casting,  refining,  and  recasting.    Some
                                            and sell the iAgotsto
                iS   ?fVallY   accomplished  by   addition  of   sodium
   r             resulting  in  silver  chloride.   After  settling,  the
 silver  chloride   is  washed,   filtered,   and  dried to be sold  as
 ?«?   £ <-°r  fu^her Processed  with  methods similar to those used
 for  photographic   silver  precipitates.   The cyanide  left  in
 ^?^=iS^ may be °?idized wifch sodium hypochlorite and lime   and
 discarded  as   wastewater.   Wastewater streams also  result from
 waste washing water and the  filtrate and  dewatering wastes.    Wet
 scrubbers  are  used to control fumes from the  precipitation   and
 filtration steps.   Roasting  and melting furnaces also require  air
 pollution control  to  remove particulates.   Baghous.es are usually
             sflver. recovery method is precipitation of silver as
the metal,  using zinc metal with sodium chloride solution.   The
subsequent steps are identical to other precipitation processes.

The  solid  waste  products  from  the  sterling silver  industry
fu±d% d?fectivj  tableware,  trimmings,  turnings,  puJchings?
fumes, spillage, drosses from melting and casting, and dusts. The
different  wastes  vary  in  impurity  and  the  relatively  purj
                           2690
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III
materials are melted,  assayed, and reused.  Lower quality wastes
are   combined,   melted   and  cast,   and  the   bullions   are
electrolytically refined as described above.

Silver  scrap  from  electrical  components  includes  electrical
contacts, wire, silver-bearing batteries, condensers and solders.
Figure  III-3  (page  2699) shows  typical  production  processes
followed  if  electrical scrap is not suitable  for  electrolytic
refining.   Silver is recovered from electrical  component  scrap
using one of three methods.

In the first method,  the base metals are leached from the silver
residue after smelting.   After careful sorting and sampling, the
scrap  is  smelted  in a reverberatory furnace  to  produce  lead
bullion,  copper matte, and slag.  The slag is smelted in a blast
furnace  to  separate  the lead and copper  portions,  which  are
recycled.   Blast furnace slag is discarded.  Dust and fumes from
both  the  reverberatory  and blast furnaces  are  collected  and
recycled.   The  lead  bullion from  the  reverberatory  smelting
furnace   and   lead  from  the , blast  furnace  is  fed   to   a
reverberatory-type  cupola  furnace.   The  cupellation  produces
litharge  and precious metal layers.   The litharge is sent to  a
lead  refinery  or  reduced  for  recycle  to  the  reverberatory
smelting  unit.   The  cupola  furnace  requires  a  baghouse  or
scrubber  to remove emission gas pollutants.   The precious metal
layer  is  cast  into  anodes  (dore  plates)  for   electrolytic
refining.   The silver collects on the cathodes, which are melted
and cast as refined ingots.   The slime .residue,  containing gold
and platinum, is further refined.  The spent electrolyte solution
may be discarded as waste.  Wastewater streams are also generated
if  contact  cooling  water is used in casting,  and  if  melting
furnace and casting scrubbers,  which remove particulates emitted
from  these  operations,  are used.   The copper matte  from  the
initial smelting is crushed, ground, roasted, and leached.  A wet
scrubber  may be used to control particulate air  emissions  from
the  roasting furnace,  producing a wastewater stream.   Leaching
may be effected with sulfuric or hydrochloric acid.  The leaching
agent  dissolves  the base metals,  leaving silver as  a  residue
which  can be filtered and washed for further  processing.   This
leaching  operation usually produces two wastewater  streams:   a
silver-free leachate,  which may be discharged or recycled, and a
scrubber discharge stream.

In  the second leaching process,  silver is dissolved or stripped
directly   from   the  electrical  component  parts   and   later
precipitated  from  solution.   Nitric acid is  the  most  common
stripping  agent.   This leaching also results in two  wastewater
streams:  a  lead-iron  residue and a scrubber discharge  stream,
resulting from the control of acid fumes.

In the third method, the base metals are dissolved directly using
hydrochloric  or  sulfuric  acid.   The silver  residue  is  then
roasted,  cast, and electrolytically refined.  A scrubber stream,
from control of acid fumes,  and the lead-iron residue stream are
sources of wastewater.
                            2691
-------
               SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY
                                               SECT - III
 Silver    in   solution   from   leaching  or  direct   stripping    is
 precipitated   by  metallic replacement (usually  with   copper   or
 zinc)  and  then  filtered.   Copper sulfate or  zinc   sulfate   is
 usually the principal constituent of the supernatant and  filtrate
 and  is either purified for copper recovery or discarded.   Water
 from  washing the silver precipitate is  also  discharged.   Wet
 scrubbers may provide control of acidic fumes emitted  during  the
 precipitation step, producing an additional wastewater  stream.

 The  recovered silver is melted in a furnace and cast  as  ingots.
 Silver  of  insufficient  purity  is  electrolytically    refined.
 Particulate   emissions  from  the melting furnace  are   controlled
 with a baghouse or scrubber.  Venturi scrubbers are commonly used
 and a wastewater stream is discharged.

 Silver-rich   sludges  from  waste  plating  solutions,  stripping
 solutions,  and photographic solutions are leached and  the silver
 recovered,  resulting   in a silver-rich solution.   The  leaching
 agent used is hydrochloric acid,  sulfuric acid,  or nitric acid.
 •?he  silver-rich  solution  is processed  through  precipitation,
 filtration,   roasting,  melting,  and  casting steps  to  produce
 refined silver ingots.

PROCESS WASTEWATER SOURCES

The principal uses of water in secondary silver plants are:

      1.   Film stripping,
      2.   Film stripping wet air pollution control and
          precipitation of film stripping solutions wet air
          pollution control,
      3.   Precipitation and filtration of film stripping
          solutions,
          Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions,
          Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
          wet  air  pollution control,
          Electrolytic refining,
          Furnace  wet air  pollution control,
          Leaching,
      9.   Leaching wet air pollution control and precipitation of
          nonphotographic  solutions wet air pollution  control,
          Precipitation  and filtration of  nonphotographic
          solutions,  and
          Floor and equipment  washdown.
     10
     11.

OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES

There  may  be  other  wastewater  streams  associated  with  the
production  of  secondary silver.  These wastewater  streams  may
include  maintenance and cleanup water, and  direct  electrolytic
refining wet air pollution control wastewater.   These  wastewater
streams  are  not  considered as part of  this   rulemaking.    EPA
believes  that the flows and pollutant loadings  associated   with
these  streams  are insignificant relative to the  waste  streams
                          2692
-------
             'SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III
selected and are.best handled by the appropriate permit authority
on a case-by-case basis under the authority of Section 402 of the
Clean Water Act.

Casting  contact codling water is not considered as part of  this
rulemaking  because,  'although several plants do  discharge  this
stream,   sampling  data  from  an  integrated  secondary  silver
secondary  precious  metals  plant indicate  that  the  pollutant
loadings  are insignificant compared with the other waste streams
selected.

AGE, PRODUCTION, ,AND PROCESS PROFILE

Of   the  61  plants  recovering  silver  from  photographic  and
nonphotographic  materials, Figure III-4 (page 2700)  shows  that
the plants are concentrated in the Northeast and California, with
plants  also  located  in Idaho, Utah,  Louisiana,,  Florida,  and
Texas.                                                 ...'-.

Table III-l (page 2694) summarizes the general type and shows the
relative  ages  of  the secondary silver  plants.   Seven  plants
discharge directly, 26 are indirect dischargers, and 28 are  zero
dischargers.   Of  the  discharging  plants,  five  process  only
photographic   materials,   26   process   only   nonphotographic
materials,  and two plants process both types of materials.   The
average plant age is between 10 and 25 years.

Table  III-2 (page 2695) shows the production ranges for  the  61
secondary  silver plants.  Over half of the plants that  reported
production  data produce less than 50,000 troy ounces  of  silver
per  year.  Eight  of these plants produce  over  1,000,000  troy
ounces of silver per year.

Table III-3 (page 2696)  provides a summary of the plants  having
the  various  secondary silver processes.  The number  of  plants
generating wastewater from the processes is also shown.
                           2693
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III






















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               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                                             SECT  -  III
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SECONDARY SILVER  SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III
                    Photographic Film Scrap



                         I
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to
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Treatment
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Haste

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4
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Filtration
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Electrolysis
4 4
Classifier H
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& Casting
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	 1 Flotation 1
— 1 cells 1
Recovered Dust

Solutions
Film Ash
	 • H» Electrolysis Slimes to Au & Pt
Recovery
»»> Spent Electrolyte to Treatment
Silver Ingots
I coarse silver concentrate
1 (to Roasting)
Fine silver
concentrate
co to (to Precipitation)
                   Figure XII-1



  SILVER REFINING FROM PHOTOGRAPHIC  MATERIALS





                       2697
-------
     SECONDARY  SILVER SUBCATEGORY     SECT -  III
                   Silver Waste
                   Plating Solution
                                        Chemical Addition
Sodium hypochlorite
  & lime
                                                         _   Silver
                                                         Chloride sole
                                                         as  product
                       f
                     Spent
                   Electrolyte
                  to Treatment
                                              *. Slimes to Au & Ft
                                                  Recovery
                             Silver ingots
                          Figure  III-2

      SILVER  REFINING FROM WASTE PLATING SOLUTIONS
                               2698
-------
                   SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                                  SECT -  III
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                                             2699
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III
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                       2700
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IV




                            SECTION IV

                        SUBCATEGORIZATION
This   section  summarizes  the  factors  considered  during  the
designation  of the secondary silver subcategory and its  related
subdivisions.

The  factors  listed  for  general  subcategorization  were" each
evaluated when considering  subdivision  of the secondary  silver
subcategory.  In the discussion that follows, the factors will be
described as they pertain to this particular subcategory.

The  rationale  for  considering segmentation  of  the  secondary
silver subcategory is based primarily on the production processes
used.   Within the subcategory,  a number of different operations
are  performed,  which  may  or  may  not have  a  water  use  or
discharge,  and  which may require the establishment of  separate
effluent limitations and standards.   While the secondary  silver
industry  is  considered a single subcategory,  a  more  thorough
examination of the production processes,  water use and discharge
practices,  and  pollutant  generation rates has illustrated  the
need  for  limitations and standards based on a specific  set  of
wastewater  streams.  Limitations and standards will be based  on
specific flow allowances for the following subdivisions:

      1.  Film stripping,                            '
      2.  Film stripping wet air pollution control and precipi-
          tation of film stripping solutions wet air pollution
          control,
      3.  Precipitation and filtration of film stripping
          solutions,
      4.  Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions,
      5.  Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
          wet air pollution control,
      6.  Electrolytic refining,
      7.  Furnace wet air pollution control,
      8.  Leaching,
      9.  Leaching wet air pollution control and precipitation of
          nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control,
     10.  Precipitation and filtration of nonphotographic
          solutions, and
     11.  Floor and equipment washdown.

A  number  of other factors considered in  this  evaluation  were
shown  to  be inappropriate bases for further  segmentation.  Air
pollution  control methods,  treatment  costs,  nonwater  quality
aspects,  and  total  energy requirements are  functions  of  the
selected   subcategorization   factors  —  raw   materials   and
production  processes.   As  such,  they  support  the  method  of
subcategorization  which has been developed.  Factors  determined
to  be inappropriate for use as bases for  subcategorization  are
discussed briefly below.
                           2701
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IV
PLANT SIZE

It  is  difficult to categorize secondary silver  plants  on  the
basis  of  size.   The  individual processes involved  in  silver
production  often  process different  amounts  of  silver-bearing
material.  Therefore, it is more appropriate to categorize silver
plants  on the basis of process production,  e.g.,  precipitation
production.

PLANT AGE

Plants within the secondary silver subcategory differ in age,  in
terms of initial operating year.  However, to remain competitive,
plants  are  constantly  modernized'.   Modifications  to  process
operations  have  been  made,  resulting  in  greater  production
efficiency  and  reduced air pollution emissions.   As a  result,
neither  the concentration of constituents in wastewater nor  the
capability to meet the limitations is related to plant age.

PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS

The effluent limitations and standards developed in this document
establish   mass  limitations  for  the  discharge  of   specific
pollutant parameters.   To allow these limitations to be  applied
to  plants  with  various  production  capacities,  the  mass  of
pollutant  discharged  must be related to a unit  of  production.
This  factor  is  known as the production  normalizing  parameter
(PNP).   In  general,  the  actual  silver  production  from  the
respective  manufacturing process is used as the  PNP.   This  is
based  on  the  principle that the amount of water  generated  is
proportional to the amount of product made.  Therefore, the  PNPs
for the 11 secondary silver subdivisions are as follows:
      Building Block

 1.  Film stripping
 2.  Film stripping wet air pollu-
     tion control and precipita-
     tion of film stripping solu-
     tions wet air pollution
     control

 3.  Precipitation and filtration
     of film stripping solutions

 4.  Precipitation and filtration
     of photographic solutions

 5.  Precipitation and filtration
     of photographic solutions
     wet air pollution control
                  PNP

troy ounces of silver produced
from film stripping

troy ounces of silver produced
from precipitation and filtra-
tion of film stripping solutions
troy ounces of silver
precipitated

troy ounces of silver
precipitated

troy ounces of silver
precipitated
                           2702
-------
             SECONDARY SILVER SUBCAfEGORY    SECT  -  IV
 6.   Electrolytic  refining


 7.   Furnace  wet air  pollution
     control

 8.   Leaching
 9.   Leaching wet air pollutio
     control and precipitation of
     nonphot©graphic solutions
     wet air pollution control

10.   Precipitation and filtra-
     tion of non-photographic
     solutions

11.   Floor and equipment
     washdown
troy ounces of silver from
electrolytic refining

troy ounces of silver
smelted, roasted, or dried

troy ounces of silver
produced from leaching

,troy ounces of silver
produced from leaching
or silver precipitated
troy ounces of silver
precipitated
troy ounces of silver
produced
                            2703
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IV
 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
             2704
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V



                            SECTION V

             WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS


This   section   describes  the  characteristics  of   wastewater
associated with the secondary silver subcategory.   Data used  to
quantify   wastewater  flow  and  pollutant  concentrations   are
presented,   summarized,  and  discussed.   The  contribution  of
specific production processes to the overall wastewater discharge
from secondary silver plants is identified whenever possible.

Two  principal  data  sources  were used in  the  development  of
effluent  limitations and standards for this  subcategoryy   data
collection  portfolios (dcp) and field  sampling  results.   Data
collection  portfolios  contain information regarding  wastewater
flows  and production levels.  Data were also  collected  through
comments and a special request.

In  order  to  quantify the pollutant  discharge  from  secondary
silver  plants,  a  field  sampling  program  was  conducted.   A
complete  list of the pollutants considered and a summary of  the
techniques  useni in sampling and laboratory analyses are included
in Section V of Vol. I. Wastewater samples were collected in  two
phases:   screening  and verification.  The first  phase,  screen
sampling, was to identify which toxic pollutants were present  in
the wastewaters from production of the various metals.  Screening
samples  were  analyzed for 125 of the 126 toxic  pollutants  and
other  pollutants  deemed appropriate.  (Because  the  analytical
standard  for  TCDD  was judged to be too hazardous  to  be  made
generally  available,  samples  were  never  analyzed  for   this
pollutant.   There  is  no reason to expect that  TCDD  would  be
present  in secondary silver wastewater).  A total of  10  plants
were  selected  for  screen sampling  in  the  nonferrous  metals
manufacturing  category,  one of these being a  secondary  silver
plant.   Of  the 36 plants selected  for  verification  sampling,
three  were from the secondary silver subcategory.   In  general,
the samples were analyzed for three classes of pollutants:  toxic
organic   pollutants,  toxic  metal  pollutants,   and   criteria
pollutants (which includes both conventional and  nonconventional
pollutants).

As  described  in Section IV of this  supplement,  the  secondary
silver   subcategory   has  been  further   segmented   into   11
subdivisions   or  building  blocks,  so  that  the   promulgated
regulation contains mass discharge limitations and standards  for
11   manufacturing  processes  discharging  process   wastewater.
Differences  in  the wastewater characteristics, associated  with
these  subdivisions  are  to  be  expected.   For  this   reason,
wastewater   streams  corresponding  to  each   subdivision   are
addressed separately in the discussions that follow.

The  wastewater data presented in this section were evaluated  in
light  of  production process information  compiled  during  this


                               2705
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


study.   As  a result,  it was possible to identify the principal
wastewater  sources in the secondary  silver  subcategory.   They
are:

      1.  Film stripping,
      2.  Film stripping wet air pollution control and precipi-
          tation of film stripping solutions wet air pollution
          control,
      3.  Precipitation and filtration of film stripping
          solutions,
      4.  Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions,
      5.  Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
          wet air pollution control,
      6.  Electrolytic refining,
      7.  Furnace wet air pollution control,
      8.  Leaching,
      9.  Leaching wet air pollution control and precipitation of
          nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control,
     10.  Precipitation and filtration of nonphotographic
          solutions, and
     11.  Floor and equipment washdown.

In the proposed development document,  separate subdivisions were
identified  for  precipitation and filtration of  film  stripping
solutions  wet  air'pollution control,  casting  contact  cooling
water,  casting wet air pollution control,  and precipitation and
filtration   of  nonphotographic  solutions  wet  air   pollution
control.    Based  on  new  data  gathered  since  proposal  from
secondary precious metals plants' dcp, sampling at two integrated
secondary  silver  and  secondary  precious  metals  plants,  and
re-evaluation  of existing data, these subdivisions  were  either
combined  with other subdivisions or deleted.  A subdivision  for
floor  and  equipment washdown also was added.  The  reasons  for
these changes are discussed in detail in Section IX -  Wastewater
Discharge Rates.

Although  flow  and production data were collected  in  secondary
precious  metals  dcp  in  the  nonferrous  metals  manufacturing
category,  these  data  were  not  used to  modify  the  proposed
regulatory  flow allowances.   The new data support the  proposed
flow  allowance  and  the Agency did  not  receive  any  comments
suggesting  that the allowances should be revised.   The new flow
data  are 'included in the water use and discharge tables  at  the
end of this section.

Additionally,  since  the  dcp were  collected,  the  Agency  has
learned that one secondary silver plant has closed and six plants
no  longer  process secondary silver.   Flow and production  data
(when  available) for these plants are presented in this  section
and in the remainder of the development document.  These data are
an integral part of the BPT and BAT effluent limitations  because
the  processes  remain representative in determining BPT and  BAT
and  flow  rates.   Therefore,  it is necessary to  present  this
information so that the effluent limitations are documented.
                           2706
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
WASTEWATER PLOW RATES

Data supplied by dcp responses were evaluated,  and two  flow-to-
production  ratios  were  calculated for each  stream.   The  two
ratios,   water   use   and  wastewater   discharge   flow,   are
differentiated by the flow value used in calculation.   Water use
is defined as the volume of water or other fluid (e.g., leachate,
spent  electrolyte)  required  for a given process  per  mass  of
silver  product and is therefore based on the sum of recycle  and
make-up  flows  to a given process.   Wastewater flow  discharged
after  pretreatment or recycle (if these are present) is used  in
calculating   the  production  normalized  flow--the  volume   of
wastewater discharged from a given process to further  treatment,
disposal,  or discharge per mass of silver produced.  Differences
between  the  water  use and wastewater flows associated  with  a
given stream result from recycle,  evaporation,  and carryover on
the product. The production values used in calculation correspond
to the production normalizing parameter,  PNP,  assigned to  each
stream,  as  outlined in Section IV.   The production  normalized
flows  were  compiled and statistically analyzed by stream  type.
Where appropriate,  an attempt was made to identify factors  that
could  account for variations in water use.   This information is
summarized  in  this  section.   A similar  analysis  of  factors
affecting the wastewater values is presented in Sections  IX,  X,
XI,  and XII where representative BPT, BAT, BDT, and pretreatment
discharge  flows are selected for use in calculating the effluent
limitations and standards.   As an example,  silver precipitation
and   filtration   scrubbing  wastewater  flow  is   related   to
precipitate production.  As such, the discharge rate is expressed
in  liters  of scrubber wastewater discharged per troy  ounce  of
silver produced by precipitation.

WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION DATA                    .

In order to quantify the concentrations of pollutants present  in
wastewater from secondary silver plants,  wastewater samples were
collected at four plants.  Diagrams indicating the sampling sites
and  contributing  production processes are shown in Figures  V-l
through V-4 (pages 2714 - 2723).

The  raw  wastewater  sampling  data  for  the  secondary  silver
subcategory  are  presented in Tables V-2, V-5,  and  V-8  (pages
2715, 2724, and 2728. Treated wastewater sampling data are  shown
in  Tables  V-13 through V-16 (pages 2736 -  2740).   The  stream
codes  presented  in  the  tables may be  used  to  identify  the
location  of each of the samples on the process flow diagrams  in
Figures V-l through V-4. Where no data are listed for a  specific
day  of sampling, the wastewater samples for the stream were  not
collected.  If the analysis did not detect a pollutant in a waste
stream, the pollutant was omitted from the table.

The  data tables include some samples measured at  concentrations
considered not quantifiable.   The base-neutral extractable, acid
fraction  extractable,   and  volatile  organics  are   generally
considered  not  quantifiable at concentrations equal to or  less


                           2707
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT  - V
 than 0.010 mg/1.   Below this concentration,  organic  analytical
 results  are not quantitatively accurate;  however,  the analyses
 are  useful to indicate the presence of a  particular  pollutant.
 The   pesticide  fraction  is  considered  not  quantifiable   at
 concentrations equal to or less than 0.005 mg/1.  Nonquantifiable
 results  are  designated in the tables with an  asterisk   (double
 asterisk for pesticides).

 These  detection limits shown on the data tables are not the same
 in  all  cases  as  the  published  detection  limits  for  these
 pollutants by the same analytical methods.   The detection limits
 used  were  reported with the analytical data and hence  are  the
 appropriate  limits  to  apply  to  the  data.   Detection  limit
 variation  can  occur  as a result of  a  number  of  laboratory-
 specific,   equipment-specific,   and   daily   operator-specific
 factors.   These  factors  can include day-to-day differences  in
 machine   calibration,   variation  in   stock   solutions,   and
 variation in operators.

 The  statistical analysis of data includes some samples  measured
 at concentrations considered not quantifiable.   Data reported as
 an  asterisk  are considered as detected but  below  quantifiable
 concentrations, and a value of zero is used for averaging.  Toxic
 organic,   nonconventional,   and   conventional  pollutant  data
 reported with a "less than" sign are considered as detected,  but
 not  further  quantifiable.   A value of zero is  also  used  for
 averaging.   If  a pollutant is reported as not detected,  it  is
 excluded in calculating the average.  Finally, toxic metal values
 reported  as  less  than a certain value were considered  as  not
 detected  and a value of zero is used in the calculation  of  the
 average.  For example, three samples reported as ND, *, and 0.021
 mg/1 have an average value of 0.010 mg/1.

 The  method  by which each sample was collected is  indicated  by
 number, as follows:

     1     one-time grab
     2     24-hour manual composite
     3     24-hour automatic composite
     4     48-hour manual composite
     5     48-hour automatic composite
     6     72-hour manual composite
     7     72-hour automatic composite

 In  the  1977 data collection portfolios,  the  secondary  silver
plants  which  discharge  wastewater were asked  to  specify  the
presence or absence of the toxic pollutants in their effluent.  Of
 the 44 secondary silver plants submitting a 1977 dcp,   19 did  not
 respond  to  this  portion  of  the  questionnaire.    All  plants
 responding  to the organic compounds portion of the questionnaire
 reported  that  all   toxic organic pollutants were  known  to   be
absent or believed to be absent from their wastewater.
                           2708
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
The responses for the toxic metals and cyanide are summarized
below:
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Known

  2
  1
  0
  4
  5
 10
  4
  7
  1
  8
  1
 13
  0
 10
Believed

    4
    2
    2
    5
    4
    4
    1
    4
    2
    3
    2
    5
    1
    4
Believed

   14
   16
   16
   10
   10
    6
   13
    8
   16
    9
   15
    3
   16
    7
Known

   5
   6
   7
   6
   6
   5
   7
   6
   6
   5
   7
   4
   8
   4
WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND PLOWS BY SUBDIVISION
Since  secondary silver production involves 11 principal  sources
of  wastewater and each has potentially different characteristics
and  flows,  the wastewater characteristics and  discharge  rates
corresponding  to each subdivision will be described  separately.
A  brief  description of why the associated production  processes
generate  a wastewater and explanations for variations  of  water
use within each subdivision will also be discussed.

FILM STRIPPING

Photographic  film  may be stripped of emulsion  and  the  silver
precipitated.    The  film  base  can  be  screened  and  rinsed,
producing  wastewater.   Water  discharge rates are presented  in
Table V-l (page 2714) in liters per troy ounce of silver produced
from  film  stripping. Table V-2 (page 2715)  (stream  14)  shows
combined  raw  wastewater data from film stripping  and  wet  air
pollution   control   on  film  stripping  and   film   stripping
precipitation.  Data are not available for separate waste streams
because  discrete  points  in each stream  were  not  accessible.
However,  based  on  the combined wastewater  data  and  the  raw
materials  and process used, film stripping    wastewater  should
contain toxic organics and metals, cyanide,  and total  suspended
solids above treatable concentrations, as well as phenols.
FILM  STRIPPING  WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND  PRECIPITATION
FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
                                                OF
One  plant  engaged  in  film stripping uses a  wet  scrubber  to
control  air  emissions.   This plant uses the same  scrubber  to
control   emissions  from  film  stripping  and  film   stripping
precipitation.   A  99+ percent recycle of the scrubber water  is
maintained and the discharge rate is 0.034 liters per troy  ounce
of  silver  produced  from precipitation and filtration  of  film
                           2709
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


stripping  solutions.  Table V-2  (stream 14) shows  combined  raw
wastewater data from film stripping and wet air pollution control
on film stripping and film stripping precipitation.  Data are not
available  for separate waste streams because discrete points  in
each stream were not accessible.   However, based on the combined
wastewater  data  and the raw materials and  process  used,  film
stripping  wet  air pollution control wastewater  should  contain
toxic  organics  and  metals,   cyanide,   phenolics,  and  total
suspended solids.

PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OP FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS

The  solution resulting from stripping granulated film is treated
to  precipitate the silver.   After settling or  filtration,  the
silver-free solution may be discarded as wastewater.  Four of the
five photographic plants that use this process discharge a  waste
stream.   The water discharge rates,  reported in liters per troy
ounce of silver precipitated, are shown in Table V-3 (page 2722).
Sampling  data  for film stripping  solutions  precipitation  are
summarized  in Table V-2 (Stream 12).  Raw wastewater  from  this
process  contains toxic organics and metals, cyanide,  phenolics,
and total suspended solids at treatable concentrations.

PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS

Silver  can  be  precipitated from  discarded  photographic  hypo
solutions.     After   filtration,   the   silver-free   solution
constitutes   a   waste   stream.    Solutions   resulting   from
photographic sludges are also included in this subdivision.   All
seven plants which have precipitation processes discharge process
wastewater.   The discharge rates from these plants, presented in
liters per troy ounce of silver precipitated,  are shown in Table
V-4  (page 2723).  The Agency did not sample the  raw  wastewater
from silver solution precipitation directly; however,  wastewater
samples  were  collected after filtering with sawdust  (which  is
part   of   the   process).   This   wastewater   contains   1,2-
dichloroethane, chloroform, phthalates, and  tetrachloroethylene,
all above treatable concentrations (0.025 to 0.132 mg/1).   Toxic
metals  are  also found, including a high concentration  of  zinc
(200  mg/1).  Ammonia (4,630 mg/1), and chloride (734  mg/1)  are
also  present.   Total  suspended solids are  evident,   but  most
solids in the raw wastewater were probably removed by the filter.
Raw wastewater sampling data are given in Table V-5 (page 22724).

PRECIPITATION  AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS  WET  AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL

Of  the  seven  photographic silver plants  precipitating  silver
solutions,  three  use wet air pollution control;  two  of  these
discharge  wastewater  from wet scrubbers.   The water  discharge
flow rates are shown in Table V-6.   Although wastewater  samples
were  not collected from precipitation of photographic  solutions
wet air pollution control, raw wastewater data are available from
a   film  stripping  precipitation  scrubber.    The   wastewater
characteristics for the two scrubbers are expected to be  similar


                           2710
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


because  of  the similarities in the raw materials and  processes
used.   Wastewater  samples  collected  from  the  analogous  wet
scrubber stream contain toxic organics and metals,  cyanide,  and
total suspended solids above treatable concentrations.

ELECTROLYTIC REFINING

Fifteen  plants use electrolytic refining as a purification  step
in  secondary silver processing.   Thirteen plants generate waste
streams  consisting of spent electrolyte and wash  water;  12  of
those discharge the wastewater.  Table V-7 (page 2725) shows  the
water discharge rates in liters per troy ounce of silver refined.

Electrolytic   refining   is   similar   for   photographic   and
nonphotographic  plants, therefore wastewater from each may  have
similar  characteristics.  Table V-8 (page 2728)  summarizes  the
raw   wastewater  sampling  data  for  the  toxic  and   selected
conventional and nonconventional pollutants.

The  samples  were  collected at a nonphotographic plant  from  a
combined   waste   stream  comprised  of  raw   wastewater   from
electrolytic refining, as well as metal-depleted solutions.  This
raw  wastewater  contains toxic  organics  and  metals,  ammonia,
fluoride,   cyanide,  and  total suspended solids above treatable
concentrations.

FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

Of  the  secondary  silver plants  with  reverberatory  furnaces,
incinerators,  or casting furnaces, 27 control off-gas emissions.
Twelve  plants  use wet scrubbers,  and four of  these  discharge
wastewater,  as shown in Table V-9 (page 2732).  The  Agency  did
not  collect  samples  from  furnace  scrubber  wastewater  at  a
secondary silver plant before proposal.  However, after proposal,
samples  of  this  wastewater were  collected  at  an  integrated
secondary  silver and secondary precious metals  facility.   This
plant  processes  nonphotographic  materials  and  the   scrubber
controls  off-gas emissions from a furnace used to smelt  silver,
gold,  platinum, and palladium.  These data are presented in  the
administrative   record  supporting  this  regulation.    Furnace
scrubber  wastewater contains a treatable concentration of  total
suspended solids (5,6.00 mg/1) and has a pH of approximately 7.

LEACHING

In nonphotographic materials plants,  leaching is used to recover
silver  from silver sludges and copper matte associated with  the
melting of electrical component parts.  Of the 13 nonphotographic
plants  that leach,  11 produce wastewater,  consisting of either
silver-free leachate or lead-iron residue.  Water discharge rates
are  given in Table V-12 (page  2735) in liters per troy ounce  of
silver produced from leaching.

Table  V-8  (page 2728)  (stream  40) shows combined raw  wastewater
data    from   nonphotographic   solutions   precipitation    and


                            2711
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


 electrolytic   refining.   Leaching  wastewaters   have   similar
 characteristics as precipitation wastewater because of the nature
 of  the  nonphotographic  materials  processed.   Data  are   not
 available  for separate waste streams because discrete points  in
 each stream were not accessible.  However, based on the  combined
 wastewater  data  and  the raw materials and  process  used,   raw
 wastewater  from  leaching  should  contain  toxic  organics   and
 metals,   ammonia,  fluoride,  cyanide,   phenolics,   and   total
 suspended solids above treatable concentrations.

 LEACHING   WET  AIR  POLLUTION  CONTROL   AND   PRECIPITATION    OF
 NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

 For  leaching emissions, discharge rates are shown in Table  V-13
 (page 2736).  All 13 of the plants with leaching and precipitation
 emissions control.discharge wastewater.   For proposal,  the Agency
 did  not  have  discrete samples of  this  waste  stream.   After
 proposal,  EPA collected samples of scrubbers over  leaching   and
 precipitation  processes at two integrated secondary  silver   and
 secondary  precious  metals plants.   These  plants  also  process
 gold,   platinum,   and palladium from  nonphotographic  materials.
 The scrubbers control emissions from the secondary silver  and the
 secondary  precious metals leaching and  precipitation  processes.
 The_  scrubber  wastewater  contains   treatable  concentrations  of
 toxic  metals  and  total suspended solids.   The pH is approximately
 8   when  a caustic solution is used as  a  scrubber  liquor.    At
 plants scrubbing  with water only,  this wastewater  is  expected  to
 be  acidic.  The wastewater data for  this  stream are presented  in
 the administrative record  supporting this regulation.

 PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS

 Silver   may be recovered by precipitation from   leachates,  waste
 silver-plating solutions  or  melted  silver   scrap.    Twenty-seven
 nonphotographic plants  report this process,   and all  27 discharge
 wastewater.    Depleted  solutions may be discarded  as  wastewater,
 along  with wash water and  silver-free filtrates.   Discharge water
 rates  are presented  in  Table V-15  (page 2740).

 Table  V-8  (stream  40)  shows combined raw wastewater  data   from
 nonphotographic    solutions   precipitation   and   electrolytic
 refining.  _ Data  are   not available for  separate  waste  streams
 because  discrete  points   in each stream  were  not  accessible.
 However,  based  on   the  combined wastewater data  and  the  raw
 materials  and  process used,  precipitation  of  nonphotographic
 solutions  wastewater should be characterized by the presence  of
 toxic organics and metals,  ammonia, cyanide, chloride, fluoride,
 phenolics, and suspended solids above treatable, concentrations.

 FLOOR AND EQUIPMENT WASHDOWN

Many  plants wash equipment and floors to recover  silver  values
 that  may be contained in accidental leaks and spills of  process
 solutions.   Flow  data  on  the floor wash  were  not  generally
available in the data collection portfolios.   However, data from


                           2712                      :
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


a  sampling  effort at one  secondary  silver-secondary  precious
metals  integrated plant and one secondary precious metals  plant
show that one liter per troy ounce of washdown water is typically
generated.   Sampling  data collected at the two plants show this
wastewater  to contain treatable concentrations of  toxic  metals
and total suspended solids.   The flow and sampling data for this
waste stream are included in the administrative record supporting
this regulation.
                           2713
-------
               SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY    SECT  - V
                            TABLE V-l

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
                         FILM STRIPPING

       (1/troy ounce of silver produced from film stripping)
Plant
Code
30927
596
74
Percent
Recycle
0
NR
NR
                              Production
                              Normalized
                              Water Use

                                50.35

                                NR

                                NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow

   50.35

   NR

   NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.
                           2714
-------
         SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                      SECT - V
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                               2715
-------An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.
-------
                                      Table V-2  (Continued)
                                 SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING  DATA
                                  PHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
                                         RAW WASTEWATER
to
-4
Pollutant(a)

 87.  trichloro-
      ethylene
     91.  chlordane
    106.  PCB-1242 (c)
    107.  PCB-1254 (c)
    108.  PCB-1221 (c)

    109.  PCB-1232 (d)
    110.  PCB-1248 (d)
    111.  PCB-1260 (d)

    113.  toxaphene
    114.  antimony
    115. arsenic
                                      Concentrations  (rog/1,  except as noted)
Stream
Code
12
14
16
12
16
12
16
230
12
16
230
12
16
230
12
14
16
12
14
16
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Source(b)  Day 1

           0.473
           0.93
           0.832

           **
          <0.01

          <0.014
          <0.007
           0.012

          <0.017
          <0.015
           0.012

           **
          <0.01
           ND

          12
           0.7
           1.5

           2.2
           0.2
           1.9
                                                                 Day 2
                                                                 ND
                                                      en
                                                      M
                                                      o
                                                      Q
                                                                                                  -\^
                                                                                                  B
Day 3 Average
0.473
ND 0.93
0.832
**
<0.01
<0.0
<0.0
0.012
- <0.017
<0.015
0.012
**
<0.01
12.0
0.7
1.5
2.2
0.2
K
en
H.
1
I
o
TEGORY

en
w
o
Hi
1
<





                                                                                      1.9
-------
00
Pollutant(a)

117. beryllium



118. cadmium



119. chromium



120. copper



121. cyanide



122. lead



123, mercury
Stream
 Code

   1.2
   14
   16

   12
   14
   16

   12
   14
   16

   12
   14
   16

   12
   14
   16

   12
   14
   16

   12
   16
                                      Table V-2 (Continued)

                                 SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
                                  PHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
                                         RAW WASTEWATER
     Concentrations (rag/1,  except as noted)
Sample
Typet    Source(b)  Day 1
                                   1
 <0.02
 <0.02
 <0.02

  0.37
  5
  0.65

100
  9
  7

 30
  2
  0.72

  5.95
  1.83
  0.311

  9
  2
  6

  0.017
  0.0008
                                                                Day 2
                                         Day 3    Average

                                                  <0.02
                                                  <0.02
                                                  <0.02

                                                   0.37
                                                   5.0
                                                   0.65

                                                 100.0
                                                   9.0
                                                   7.0

                                                  30.0
                                                   2.0
                                                   0.72
                                                                1.13
                                         1.29
                                                  5.95
                                                  1.416
                                                  0.311

                                                  9.0
                                                  2.0
                                                  6.0

                                                  0.017
                                                  0.0008
                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                  8
                                                                w
                                                                H
                                                                at
                                                                g

                                                               i
                                                                                                 w
                                                                                                 M
                                                                                                 o
                                                                                                 1-3
-------
     Table V-2 (Continued)
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
 PHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
        RAW WASTEWATER
     Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Stream
Pollutant (a) Code
124. nickel


125. selenium

• ''."••'• '•' ' " : '
126. silver

127. thallium

1*5;. zinc


Ncaconvent ionals
chemical oxygen
demand (COD)

phenols (total; by
4-AAP method)

12
14
16
12
14
16
12
16
12
16
12
14
16

12
16
230
12
14
16
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
6
1
1
1
Source (b) Day 1
<0.5
'• • • .• r
2
0.9
0.6
0.25
5
3
0.4
0.2
20
4
IP

10,100
6,460
14,800
0.197
32
62.5
                               Day 2
Day 3



Average
<0.5
1.0
2.0
0.9
0.6
0.25

5.0
3.0
0.4
0.2

20.0
4.0
10.0
M
o
o
D
1
• ^»
w
H
I
50
W
§
0
s
M
O
0
»

to
O

I
<
                                               10,100
                                                6,460
                                               14,800
                                28.8
16.7
 0.197
25.8
62.5
-------
NJ
O
                                       Table V-2 (Continued)

                                 SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING  DATA
                                  PHOTOGRAPHIC  - MISCELLANEOUS
                                         RAW WASTEWATER
     noted

(b)  No source water samples  were analyzed.

(c),  (d)  Reported together
                          i analyzfd  for the acid extractable pollutants; none were detected
                         alS°  SnalyZed  f°r  P-ticide..  but  none were detected, except as
                                                                                                  w
Pollutant (a)
total organic
carbon (TOG)
Convent ionals

oil and grease



total suspended
solids (TSS)

pH (standard units)

Stream
Code
12
16
230


12

If
6
12
16
230
12
14
16
Concentrations
Sample
Typet Source (M
1 4
1 2
6 13






3
6
1
1
1
(rag/1, except as noted)
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
,040
,410
,040


111
| on
i jw
20
,664
1£0
1 \i£.
484
2.95
8.4 6.05 5.88
1.1

4,040
2,410
13,040


111
iii
130
20
3,664
162.0
484.0


o
§
1
r SILVER

CJ
ro
o
>
n
K
8
sa
to
M
o
H
• j
i
^-4
-------
                                       Table V-2 (Continued)

                                  SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
                                   PHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
                                          RAW WASTEWATER
to
«J
to
tSample type.  Note:  These numbers also apply to subsequent data tables

        one-time grab
        24-hour manual composite
        24-hour automatic composite
        48 hour manual composite
        48 hour automatic composite
        72 hour manual composite
        72 hour automatic composite

* Less than  or equal to 0.01 rag/1

** Less than or equal to 0.005 mg/1
         1
         2
         3
         4
         5
         6
         7
W
H

i
CO
g
n
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
                            TABLE V-3
                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
    PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS
      (1/troy .ounce of silver produced from film stripping)
Plant
Code
30927
596
74
566
602
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
NR

                              Production
                              Normalized
                              Water Use
                               112.7
                                 2.31
                                 0.74
                                NR
                        No Wastewater Produced
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
  112.7
    2.31
    0.74
   NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.
                           2722
-------
              SECONDARY  SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT -  V
                            TABLE V-4

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES  FOR
     PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
              (1/troy ounce of silver precipitated)
Plant
Code
30927
538
9022(a)
437
615(a)
74
563
567
4301
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
                              Production
                              Normalized
                              Water Use

                                89.9

                                21.1

                                13.5

                                 6.75

                                 1.6

                                 1.35

                                NR

                                NR

                                NR '
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow

   89.9

   21.1

   13.5

    6.75

    1.6

    1.35

   NR

   NR

   NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.

(a) - Plant closed or no longer processing secondary silver
                           2723
-------
           Table V-5
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
   PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
        RAW WASTEWATER
     Concentrations (rag/1,  except as noted)

                                         Day 3
Stream Sample
Pollut^nt(a) Code Typet Sourn<»(h) n*Y 1 Pflv ?
Toxic Pollutants
10. 1 ,2-dichloro-
ethane
15. 1 ,1,2,3-tetra-
-rhloroe thane
23. chloroform
^ 29. 1,1-dichloro-
£f ethylene
30. 1,2-trans-
dichloroethylene
,66. bis(2-ethyl-
hexyl)phthalate
67. butyl benzyl
phthalate
85. tetrachloro-
methylene
115. arsenic
118. cadmium
119. chromium
120r copper
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc

61 1 0.068

61 1 <0.029

61 1 0.132
61 1 0.049

61 1 0.049

61 1 0.1195

61 1 0.052

61 1 <0.025

61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
0.03
6
0.3
1
0.5
1
0.4
<0.04
<9.2
<0.2
200
Average
                                                  0.068

                                                 <0.029

                                                  0.132
                                                  0.049

                                                  0.049

                                                  0.1195

                                                  0.052

                                                 <0.025

                                                  0.03
                                                  6.0
                                                  0.3
                                                  1.0
                                                  0.5
                                                  1.0
                                                  0.4
                                                 <0.04
                                                 <9.2
                                                 <0.2
                                               200
             en
             w
             o
             Q
                                                              w
                                                              H
             W

             §
             o
             Q
             w
             M
             O
             I
             <
-------
Ni
-J
NJ
Ul
                                       Table V-5 (Continued)

                                  SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
                                      PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
                                          RAW WASTEWATER
                                       Concentrations  (mg/1,  except as noted)
                                                                                                 in
                                                                                                 M
                                                                                                 o
                                                                                                 O
Pollutant(a)
Nonconverit iorials
ammonia
chemical oxygen
demand (COD)
chloride
total organic
carbon (TOG)
Convent ionals
oil and grease
total suspended
solids (TSS)
Stream
Code
61
61
61
61
61
61
Sample
Typet
1 ;
1
1
1
1
1
Source(b) Day 1 Day 2
4,630
40,700
.734
3,085
- ' :3 ' '
92
Day 3 Average
4,630
40,700
734
3,085
3
92
ARY SILVER 'SUBCATEGORY SEC^
    (a)  One sample was analyzed for pesticides:  dieldrin,  chlordane,  4,4'DDT,  4,4'DDE,
         endrin,  endrin aldehyde,  heptachlor,  alpha-BHC,  beta-BHC  and  gamma-BHC were
         detected but below the quantification limit.   One  sample  was  analyzed  for PCB
         fractions.  PCB-1242,  1254,  1221,1232,  1248,  1260; and 1016 were Detected,  but
         below the quantification limit.

    (b)  No source water samples were analyzed.
-------
              SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY   SECT *• V
                            TABLE V-6

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
     PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
                    WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
               (1/troy ounce of silver precipitated)
Plant
Code
553
74(a)
459
567
Percent
Recycle
99+
99+
100
68
Production
Normalized
Water Use
1214.
96,5
NR
NR
                                                  Production
                                                  Normalized
                                                  Discharge Flow

                                                      0.58

                                                      0.068

                                                      0

                                                     NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.

(a) - Same scrubber used for film stripping and precipitation of
      film stripping solutions

(b) - Plant closed
                           2726
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
                            TABLE V-7

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
    PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS
                \
        (1/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining)
Plant
Code
567(a)
448(b)
457
553
615 (a)
1104(b)
460
460(b)
65
1053(b)
4301
1084(b)
578(b)
1138(b)
1071(b)
1088(b)
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
                              Production
                              Normalized
                              Water Use

                                 1.97

                                 1.77

                                 1.64

                                 0.63

                                 0.49

                                 0.44

                                 0.31

                                 0.06

                                 0.28

                                 0.16

                                 0.068

                                 0.035

                                 0.024

                                NR

                                NR

                                NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow

    1.97

    1.77

    1.64

    0.63

    0.49

    0.44

    0.31

    0.06

    0.28

    0.16

    0.068

    0.035

    0.024

   NR

   NR

   NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.

(a) - Plant closed or no longer processes secondary silver

(b) - Date from nonferrous metals manufacturing phase II 1983 dcp
                           2727
-------
                                            Table V-8
to
-J
NJ
CO
   Pollutant(a)

   Toxic Pollutants
1.
4.
5.
7.
11.
15.
23.
3:8.
47.
5.1,
66.
67.
68.
acenaphthne
benzene
carbon tetra-
chloride
chlorobenzene
1 ,1 ,1-trichlo-
roethane
1,1 ,2,3-tetra-
chloroethane
chloroform
ethylbenzene
bromoform
chlorodibro-
momethane
is(2-ethyl-
hexyl)phthalate
butyl benzyl
puthalate
di-n-butyl
phthalate
Stream
 Code
                                  SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
                                 NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
                                          RAW WASTEWATER
     Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Sample
 Type     Source     Day 1     Day 2     Day 3
40
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
6
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
                                                           Average
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
if
0.021
.*"
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND '
0.016
*
ND
*
*
*
0.010
0.054
*
ND
ND
*
*
ND
ND
ND
<0.038
ND
0.109
0.021
ND
0.065
ND
ND
ND
0.047
0.011
0.054
ND
0.3
*
ND
*

2.3

*

0.022

ND

ND

*

ND

<0.064.







ND
0.038

1.66

<0.022

ND

ND

0.312

ND

ND

ND







0.01
0.031
*
1.98

*
*
0.022


<0.038
0.312
0.109
0.011
..
0.065

<0.064

0.047
0.011
0.054

0.3
*
                                                                                                  to
                                                                                                  M
                                                                                                  8
g
Kj
to
H
tl
                                                                          to
                                                                          §
                                                                          o
                                                                          I
                                                                          Q
                                                                          I
                                                                                                  to
                                                                                                  o

                                                                                                  i
                                                                                                  <
-------
                                   .Table V-8 (Continued)
Pollutant(a)
                               SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
                              NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
                                       RAW WASTEWATER
                                  Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
                    Stream   Sample
                     Code     Type     Source     Day 1
69. di-n-octyl
    phthalate
78. anthracene (b)
81. phenanthrene (b)
84. pyrene

85. tetrachloro-
to
-J
to
VD









H




86.
67.

90.
vl.
92.
93.
:,'3.
< uO .
\ C 3 .
;07.
: ' ").
. ;-.
115.
ethylene
toluene
trichloro-
ethylene
dieldrin
chlordane
4,4' -DDT
4, 4 '-DDE
endrin
heptechlor
b-BHC-Beta
PCB-1254
PCB-1248
ant imony
arsenic
117. beryllium

118. cadmium
40      2
44      1
40      2
44      1
40      2
44      1
40      2
44      1
40      2
44      1
40      2
44      1
44      1
44      1
44      1
44      1
44      1
44      1
44      1
44      1
44      1
40      2
40      2
44      1
40      2
44      1
40      2
44      1
ND
*
*
ND
*
ND
0.011
*
*
ND
ND
ND
**
**
**
ND
**
**
**
**
**
-------
                                       Table V-8 (Continued)
NJ
-4
U>
o
Pollutant(a)

119. chromium

120. copper

121. cyanide

122. lead

'(23. mercury

124. nickel

125. selenium

126. silver

127. thallium

128. zinc


Nonconventionals

ammonia

chemical oxygen
   demand (COD)
Stream
Code
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
Sample
Type
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
                             40
                             44
                             40
                             44
 SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
         RAW WASTEWATER


     Concentrations  (rag/1, except as noted)

          Source     Day 1
1
1
2
1
                                                                 Day  2
                                       Day 3     Average
                                            <0.005
                                            <0.005
                                             0.2
                                             0.04
        <0.02
        <0.02
        <0.0001
         0.0002
        <0.005
        <0.005
        <0.01
        <0.01
        <0.02
        <0.02
                                             <0.06
                                             <0.06
                       2.0
                      20.0
                      70.0
                      60.0
                       0.018
                       0.001
                       4.0
                      50.0
                      <0.0001
                       0.0001
                      30.0
                      800
                      <0.01
                      <0.01
                       0.43
                       4.7
                    20.0
                 2,000
<5
<5
2,180
    9.5

  231
                              0.132
                                                                            0.019
  750

3,040
                                                                          675
                                                   20.0
                                                2,000
                                                1,202
                                                    9.5
                                                3,040
                                                  231
                                                                                                  M
                                                                                                  1
                                                                                                  O
2.0
20.0
70.0
60.0
0.056
0.001
4.0
50.0
<0.0001
0.0001
30.0
800
<0.01
<0.01
0.43
4.7
UJ
H
t*
fO
CO
0
M
O
O
Kj

CO
M
0
l"
-------
                                       Table V-8  (Continued)
N>
^J
00
Pollutant(a)

chloride
fluoride
phenols (total; by
  4-AAP method)
total organic
  carbon (TOC)

Conventional^

oil and grease

total suspended
  solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
                                   SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
                                  NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
                                           RAW WASTEWATER
                                                                                                  to
Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Stream
Code

44
40
40
44
40
44




40
44
40
44
40
44


Sample
Type

1

2
1
2
1




1
1
2
1
1
1



Source

41.0
1.3


4.0
5.0






14
<1





Day 1

32,300

0.017
0.044

24.0




11
8

112

1.9



Day 2


1.2
0.012

435.0





27

118

2.2




Day 3 Average
32,300
1.2
0.014 0.014
0.044
435.0
24.0




13 17.0
' 8.0
118
112
2.3



o
•i
g
2
K
in
H
2
M
»
w
c
§
o
>
1-3
M
0
\J
^


GO
td
o
i
<
    (a)  Stream 40 was analyzed for the pesticide fraction, but none were detected  above  its
         quantification limit.
    (b) Reported together.
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
                            TABLE V-9

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
                FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

       (1/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted or dried)
                              Production
Plant
Code
78
553
65
549
437
9020
1138 (C)
596
441
1084
459
4567
Percent
Recycle
99.9
99.7
100
100(A)
0
0
0
100
100
100
0
NR
Normalize
Water Use
143.7
49.21
19.85
11.6
9.4
7.87
0.37
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow

    0.14

    0

    0

    0

    0

    7.87

    0.37

   NR

   NR

   NR

   NR

   NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.

(a) - Partial evaporation.

(b) - 100 % evaporation.

(c)  -  Data from nonferrous metals manufacturing phase  II  1983
dcp.
                           2732
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER -SUBCATEGORY  .SECT - V
                            TABLE V-10
              ..; WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATE& >OR
                            LEACHING
         (1/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching)
Plant
Code
9022
9020
9020(b)
1145
1150(b)
615(a)
78
553
25
82(a)
567(a)
459
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NR
NR
0
NR
                              Production
                              Normalized
                              Water Use
                               635.2
                                98.31
                                 2.97
                                 1.56
                                NR
                                 0.11
                                 0.079
                                 0.068
                                NR
                                NR
                                NR
                                NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
  635.2
   98.31
    2.97
    1.56 '
   NR
    Q.ll
    0.079
    0.068
   NR
   NR
   NR
   NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.
(a) - Partial evaporation.
(b) - 100 % evaporation.
(c)  -  Data from nonferrous metals manufacturing phase  II  1983
dcp.
                           2733
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
                            TABLE V-ll

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
     LEACHING AND PRECIPITATION OF NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
                    WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

         (1/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
                    or silver precipitated)

                              Production          Production
                                                  Normalized
                                                  Discharge Flow

                                                      9.84

                                                      0.12

                                                      0.90

                                                     11.3

                                                      0.014

                                                      0

                                                     NR

                                                      0

                                                      0

                                                     NR

                                                     NR

                                                      0

                                                     NR

NR = data not reported in dcp.                 ,

(a) - Plant closed or no longer processing secondary silver.

(b)  -  Data from nonferrous metals manufacturing phase  II  1.983
        dcp.
Plant
Code
9020
74
549
83(a)
553
78
82(a)
459
664
448
567(a)
1204(b)
578
Percent
Recycle
99
99+
99
79.2
99+
100
97.4
100
100
, NR
65
100
NR
Nor ma
Water
984
218
90
54.
7.
0.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
13.
NR
lize
Use



56
0
078





5

                           2734
-------
               SECONDARY  SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
                             TABLE V-12

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE  RATES  FOR
    PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF  NONPHOTOGRAPHIC  SOLUTIONS
               (1/troy ounce of  silver precipitated)
Plant
Code

 1100
 1092
 9020*

 9020
 1018
 1104

   18
  615(a)
 1128

 1165
  549
 1164

  448
 1029
 1023

   74
 1053(a)
 1167(a)

  4640(a)
  460
 1072

  578
 1204

 1063
 1117
Percent
Recycle

  0
  0
  0

  0
  0
  0

  0
  0
  0

  0
  0
  0

  0
  0
  0

  0
  0
  0

  0
  0
  0

  0
  0

  0
  0
Production
Normalized
Water Use

 109.5
 103.3
  78.6

  19.9
  47.5
  17.7

  12.96
   7.87
   7.53

   5.16
   2.7
   2.1

   1.77
   1.23
   1.0

   0.90
   0.65
   0.52

   0.5
   0.42
   0.37

   0.19
   0.183

   0.13
   0.098
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow

  109.5
  103.3
   78.6

   19.9
   47.5
   17.7

   12.96
    7.87
    7.53

    5.16
    2.7
    2.1

    1.77
    1.23
    1.0

    0.90
    0.65
    0.52

    0.5
    0.42
    0.37

    0.19
    0.183

    0.13
    0.098
NR = data not reported in dcp.

(a)  -  Data from nonferrous metals manufacturing phase  II  1983
        dcp.

(b)  -  Plant colsed or no longer processes secondary silver.
                           2735
-------
          SECONDARY SILVER SUBCAIEGQRY    .. SECT - V
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                                     2736
-------
SECONDARY SILVER  SUBCATEGORY      SECT -  V
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-------
                                        Table V-14

                              SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
                    NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT  B
Stream
Pollutant Code



NJ
-J
to
00






Toxic Pollutants
6. carbon tetra-
chloride
66. bis(2-ethyl-
hexyl) phthalate
1 1 8 . cadmium
119. chromium
120. copper
121. cyanide
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
128. zinc
Nonconventionals
ammonia
chemical oxygen
demand (COD)
chloride
phenols (total; by
45

45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
  by 4-AAP method)
total organic
  carbon (TOC)
                                   Concentrations (mg/1, except  as  noted)
                              Sample
                               Type     Source     Day  1     Day 2      Day 3
                                2
                                2
                                2
                                2
                                2
                                2
                                2
                                2
45
ND
*
<0.002
<0.005
0.04

<0.02
<0.0002
<0.005
<0.06
0.019
0.03
0.1
<0.05
0.6
0.001
<0.2
0.0001
<0.05
1
                                        <5

                                        41
                           0.49
                           <5

                         669
                           0.011
                                                         Average
                                                          0.019

                                                          0.03

                                                          0.1
                                                         <0.05
                                                          0.6
                                                          0.001
                                                         <0.2
                                                          0.0001
                                                         <0.05
                                                          1
  0.49
 <5.0

669
  0.011
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VD
    Pollutant
                                      Table V-14 (Continued)

                                  SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
                        NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES  -  PLANT B
              Concentrations  (mg/1,  except  as  noted)
Stream   Sample
 Code     Type     Source     Day  1      Day 2      Day 3
Conventionals

oil and grease          45
total suspended         45
  solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)     45
                                            <1
10
10
                                                        9.9
                              Average
                                                            10
                                                            10
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-------
                                              Table V-15
Ni
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      Pollutant
                                    SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
                            PHOTOGRAPHIC - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLE - PLANT C
              Concentrations  (mg/1,  except  as  noted)
Stream   Sample
 Code     Type     Source     Day 1      Day 2      Day 3
Average
                                                                                                    CO
                                                                                                    td
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                                                                                                    1
rr xic Pollutants

4. benzene



.0. 1 ,2-dichloro-
ethane

23. chloroform



29. 1,1-dichloro-
ethylene

38. ethylbenzene


44. methylene
chloride

85. tetrachloro-
methylene



13
15
17

13
15
17
13
15
17

13
15
17

13
15
17
13
15
17
13
15
17


1
1
1

1
1
1
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1
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1


0.06
* 3.2
0.03

0.126
0.044 ND
0.26
0.404
0.076 0.07
3.18

0.101
0.013 ND
3.418

0.014
ND 0.036
ND
0.876
0 086 ND
0.89
0.012
ND ND
0.041


0.06
ND .1.6
0.03

0.126
0.05 0.047
0.26
0.404
0.032 0.0593
3.18

0.101
ND 0.013
3.418

0.014
0.05 0.043

0.876
ND 0.086
0.89
0.012
ND
0.041
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                  SECT -  V
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                                          v ••
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
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-------
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                                      Table V-15  (Continued)


                                 SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA

                          PHOTOGRAPHIC - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLE - PLANT C



                                       Concentrations (rag/1,  except as noted)
to
w
a
Pollutant
Sonconvent ionals
- '
phenols (total; by
4-AAP method)


CON VENT IONALS

oil and grease


pH (standard units)


„

Stream
Code


13
15
17

-V


15
17

13
15
17



Sample
Type


1
1
1




1
1

1
1
1



Source Day 1


0.421
26.5
51.3




50
21

7.14
8.55
6.68



Day 2 Day 3 Average


0.421
26.8 20.3 24.5
51.3




51 195 99
21

7.16 6.97




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-------
     SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - V
SOURCE
WATER
TAP IH
LAB
038   VOA BLANK
METAL
DEPLETED
SOLUTION
SBENT
ELECTROLYTE
                          378
\ fr
ra?o
TANKS
wrra
PIG IRON


SETTLING
TANKS
NaOH
ADDITION
                                                    398 GPD
                                                         DISCHARGE
                         'igure  V-l

   SAMPLING  SITES  AT  SECONDARY SILVER  PLANT  A
                           2744
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATSGORY     SECT  - V
                                       VOA BUNK
SPENT
HVDROMETAL-
LURGICAL
PLANT
LIQUORS'

CONTACT
WATER

PC & Pd
SCRUBBER
WATER

i




_ 	 ,
FILTER






                                  3600 GPII
                                                 MIXING
                                                 TANK
                                                 LAGOON
                                                KEUTSALXZA-
                                                TION
                                                SETTLING
                                            3600 GPD
                                                 DISCIIAROE
                       Figure V-2
    SAMPLING  SITES  AT SECONDARY SILVER PLANT B
                           2745
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT  -  V
EMULSION
RECOVER*
PROCESS
LaJ
0.000704 MGD
MIXING
&
SETTLING
TANK
  231 lis a composite o£  IS   and
                                                    DISCHARGE
                    Figure  V-3
  SAMPLING SITES  AT SECONDARY SILVK'Js. PLB.NT  C
                       2746
-------
    SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY     SECT - V
SPENT
KSPO
SOLUTION
                               060
                                    VGA BLANK
                                            STEZL WOOL
SETTLING
TANK
                                             SAWDUST
                                             FILTER
                                        174.7 GPD
                                             DISCHARGE
                         Figure V-4
      SAMPLING  SITES  AT SECONDARY SILVER PLANT D

                              2747
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
            2748
-------
            SECONDARY SILVER'SUBCATEGORY'   SECT - vi



                            SECTION VI

                SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS


This  section  examines  chemical  analysis  data   presented  in
Section   V  and  discusses  the   selection  or   exclusion   of
pollutants for potential limitation.

The  discussion  that  follows describes the  analysis  that  was
performed   to   select   or  exclude  pollutants   for   further
consideration for limitations and standards.   Pollutants will be
considered  for limitation if they are present in  concentrations
treatable by the technologies considered in this  analysis.   The
treatable  concentrations   used  for the toxic metals  were  the
long-term  performance valuers achievable by  lime  precipitation,
sedimentation, and filtration. 'The treatable concentrations used
for  the  toxic organics were the long-term values achievable  by
carbon adsorption.

After proposal, the Agency re-evaluated the treatment performance
of   activated  carbon  adsorption  to  control   toxic   organic
pollutants.  The treatment performance for the*acid  extractable,
base-neutral  extractable,  and volatile organic  pollutants  has
been  set equal to the analytical quantification limit  of  0.010
mg/1.   The  analytical quantification limit for  pesticides  and
total phenols (by 4-AAP method) is 0.005 mg/1, which is below the
0.010 mg/1 accepted for the other toxic organics.  However, to be
consistent,  the treatment performance of 0.010 mg/1 is used  for
pesticides  and total phenols.  The 0.010 mg/1  concentration  is
achievable,  assuming enough carbon is used in the column  and  a
suitable  contact time is allowed.  The frequency  of  occurrence
for 36 of the toxic pollutants has been redetermined based on the
revised treatment performance value.  As a result, the  following
pollutants,  .which  were  not selected  at  proposal,  have  been
selected for further consideration for limitation:

     11.  1,1,1-trichloroethane
     30.  1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
     38.  ethylbenzene
     84.  pyrene
     85.  tetrachloroethylerte
     86.  toluene

The  selection of these pollutants is discussed in greater detail
below.
                                                       •"*
This study examined samples from the secondary silver subcategory
for  three  conventional  pollutant parameters (oil  and  grease,
total suspended solids, and pH) and six nonconventional pollutant
parameters (ammonia,  chemical oxygen demand, chloride, fluoride,
total organic carbon, and total phenols).

CONVENTIONAL AND NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS SELECTED


                           2749
-------
             SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI
 The  conventional  and nonconventional pollutants  and  pollutant
 parameters  selected  for consideration for  limitation  in  this
 subcategory are:

      ammonia
      phenols (total; by 4-AAP method)
      total suspended solids (TSS)
      PH

 Ammonia  was found in all four samples analyzed in concentrations
 ranging from 675 to 4,630 mg/1.   All of the values recorded  are
 well  above the treatable concentration of 32.2 mg/1,   attainable
 by  the available treatment technology.   Therefore,   ammonia  is
 selected for consideration for limitation.
 Total  phenols are detected in all eight samples  analyzed.
 eight  samples  contained  phenols in  concentrations  above  the
 treatable  concentration of 0.010 mg/1.    Concentrations  for  the
 samples ranged from 0.012 to 62.5 mg/1.   Therefore,  total phenols
 are  also selected for  consideration for  limitation.

 Total  suspended solids  (TSS)  concentrations  ranging from 92   to
 3,664  mg/1 were observed in the five  samples  analyzed for  this
 study.    All   five  samples exhibited  concentrations  above  the
 treatable  concentration  attainable by  the identified  treatment
 technology.    Furthermore,   most   of the specific   methods  for
 removing toxic metals  do so by precipitation,   and the  resulting
 toxic  metals  precipitates  should not be discharged.    Meeting  a
 limitation  on  TSS  also aids in .removal of  precipitated   toxic
 metals.   For  these  reasons,  total suspended  solids  is  considered
 for  limitation in this subcategory.

 The  pH  values  observed in four of seven  samples were  outside the
 6.0  to  10.0 range considered desirable for discharge  to receiving
 waters.   Four  pH values  ranged from 1.1  to 2.95.   The remaining
 three samples  ranged from 5.9  to  8.4.  Effective removal of  toxic
 metals   by  chemical precipitation requires careful control of pH.
 Therefore, pH  is  considered for limitation in this subcategory.

 TOXIC PRIORITY  POLLUTANTS

 The   frequency  of  occurrence  of  the  toxic  pollutants  in  the
 wastewater samples taken  is presented in Table VI-1 (page  2758).
 These  data provide the basis  for  the categorization of  specific
 pollutants,  as discussed below.   Table VI-1 is based on the  raw
 wastewater  data  from streams  12, 14, 16, 40, 61,  and  230  (see
 Section  V) .  Treatment plant  samples were not considered in  the
 frequency  count. Raw waste stream 44 was not used in  the  count
 because  it< contained gold, platinum, and  palladium  processing
wastewater in addition to silver processing wastewater.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS. NEVER DETECTED

The  toxic pollutants listed in Table VI-2 (page 2762)  were   not


                           2750
-------
            SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VI
detected  in  any  wastewater  samples  from  this   subcategory;
therefore,   they   are  not  selected   for   consideration   in
establishing limitations.

TOXIC  POLLUTANTS NEVER FOUND ABOVE THEIR ANALYTICAL  QUANTIFICA-
TION LIMIT

The  toxic pollutants listed below were never found  above  their
analytical quantification concentration in any wastewater samples
from  this  subcategory;  therefore,  they are not  selected  for
consideration in establishing limitations.

       7.  chlorobenzene
      15.  1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
      51.  chlorodibromomethane
      78.  anthracene     (a)
      81.  phenanthrene   (a)
      90.  dieldrin
      91.  chlordane
      92.  4,4'-DDT
      93.  4,4'-DDE
      98.  endrin
      99.  endrin aldehyde
     100.  heptachlor
     102.  alpha-BHC                  .
     103.  beta-BHC
     104.  gamma-BHC
     113.  toxaphene
     116.  asbestos

 (a)  Reported together.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS PRESENT BELOW CONCENTRATIONS ACHIEVABLE BY
TREATMENT

The  pollutant listed below  is not  selected for consideration  in
establishing  limitations  because  it  was  not  found  in   any
wastewater  samples  from this subcategory  above  concentrations
considered   achievable   by existing  or  available   treatment
technologies.

Acenaphthene  was detected in only  one of nine samples  analyzed.
That  sample  contained  0.010  mg/1,   which  is  the  treatable
concentration.   Since   the  pollutant was not detected above  the
 concentration  attainable  by  identified  treatment  technology,
acenaphthene is not  considered for  limitation.

 TOXIC POLLUTANTS DETECTED IN A SMALL NUMBER OF SOURCES

 The  following pollutants  were not  selected for limitation on the
 basis that  they were detectable in  the effluent from only a small
 number  of sources within the subcategory and are uniquely related
 to only those sources:

      23.  chloroform
                            2751
-------
             SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VI
44.
47.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
123.
methylene chloride
bromoform
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
butyl benzyl phthalate
di-n-butyl phthalate
di-n-octyl phthalate
diethyl phthalate
PCB-1242 (b)
PCB-1254 (b)
PCB-1221 (b)
PCB-1232 (c)
PCB-1248 (c)
PCB-1260 (c)
PCB-1016 (c)
mercury
 (b)f(c)  Reported together, as a combined value

Although  these pollutants were not selected for consideration in
establishing nationwide limitations,  it may be appropriate, on. a
case-by-case basis,  for the local permitter to specify  effluent
limitations.         ,

Chloroform was found at concentrations ranging from 0.109 to 1.31
mg/1  in  five  of nine samples.   The  achievable  concentration
treatment  for chloroform is 0.010 mg/1.   Chloroform  cannot  be
traced  to  specific materials or processes associated  with  the
secondary silver subcategory;  however, it is a common laboratory
solvent  and the high concentrations found could be attributed to
sample  contamination.   The presence of chloroform in the  blank
samples taken attest to this possibility,  particularly since the
pollutant was not detected in four samples.   The results  cannot
be  generalized as characteristic of the subcategory.   All 25 of
the secondary silver plants reporting the presence or absence  of
toxic  pollutants  indicated in the dcp that this  pollutant  was
either  known  or  believed to be absent from  their  wastewater.
Therefore, chloroform is not considered for limitation.

Methylene  chloride  was measured at a  concentration  above  its
treatable concentration in three of nine samples,  with values of
0.67,  3.10, and 3.32 mg/1.- The treatable concentration is 0.010
mg/1.  All three treatable samples were from the same plant. This
pollutant  is not attributable to specific materials or processes
associated with the secondary silver subcategory, but is a common
solvent used in analytical laboratories.  All 25 of the secondary
silver  plants  reporting  the  presence  or  absence  of   toxic
pollutants  indicated  in the dcp that this pollutant was  either
known  or believed to be absent from  their  wastewater.  Because
methylene  chloride was not detected in six of nine  samples,  as
well  as  the  high probability  of  sample  contamination,   this
pollutant is not considered for limitation.

Bromoform  was  not detected in eight of nine  samples,  but  was
found above its treatable concentration in one sample.   The  0.065
mg/1 found is greater than the 0.01 mg/1 treatable concentration.
                           2752
-------
            SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI


All  25 of the secondary silver plants reporting the presence  or
absence  of  toxic  pollutants  indicated in the  dcp  that  this
pollutant  was either known or believed to be absent  from  their
wastewater.   Since  bromoform  is  present at only  one  source,
bromoform  is  assumed  to  be unique  to  that  source  and  not
considered for limitation.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)   phthalate  was  found  above  its   treatable
concentration  of  0.010  mg/1 in  four  of  five  samples.   The
concentrations  ranged from 0.011 to 0.119 mg/1.   This pollutant
is  not associated with specific processes used in the  secondary
silver  subcategory,  but  is commonly used as a  plasticizer  in
laboratory and field sampling equipment.  All 25 of the secondary
silver  plants  reporting  the  presence  or  absence  of   toxic
pollutants  indicated  in the dcp that this pollutant was  either
known or believed to be absent from their wastewater.   Since the
presence   of  this  pollutant  may  be  attributed   to   sample
contamination,  bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is not considered for
limitation.

Butyl  benzyl  phthalate was measured in two of five  samples  at
concentrations   of  0.052  and  0.054   mg/1.    The   treatable
concentration  for this pollutant is 0.010 mg/1.   This pollutant
is  used  as  a  plasticizer in  laboratory  and  field  sampling
equipment.  Since  it was not detected in three of five  samples,
the measurements  may be regarded as specific to the site and not
characteristic  of  the subcategory as a whole.   All 25  of  the
secondary  silver  plants reporting the presence  or  absence  of
toxic  pollutants  indicated in the dcp that this  pollutant  was
either  known  or  believed to be absent from  their  wastewater.
Therefore,   butyl   benzyl  phthalate  is  not  considered   for
limitation.

Di-n-butyl phthalate was found above its treatable  concentration
(0.010  mg/1) in four of five samples  analyzed.   However,  this
compound  is  a  plasticizer  used  in  many  products  found  in
manufacturing  plants;   it  is  not  associated  with   specific
processes  used  in this subcategory.   All 25 of  the  secondary
silver   plants  reporting  the  presence  or  absence  of  toxic
pollutants  indicated in the dcp that this pollutant  was  either
known or believed to be absent from their wastewater.  Therefore,
di-n-butyl phthalate is not considered for limitation.

Di-n-octyl   phthalate   was   measured   above   its   treatable
concentration  (0.010  mg/1) in three of five  samples  analyzed.
However,  this  compound  is a plasticizer used in many  products
found in manufacturing plants; it is not associated with specific
processes  in this subcategory.   All 25 of the secondary  silver
plants  reporting  the presence or absence  of  toxic  pollutants
indicated  in  the  dcp that this pollutant was either  known  or
believed to be absent from their  wastewater.   Therefore,  di-n-
octyl phthalate is not considered for limitation.

Diethyl  phthalate was detected above its treatable concentration
(0.010  mg/1) in one of five  samples  analyzed.   However,  this


                           2753
-------
            SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VI
compound  is  a  plasticizer  used  in  many  products  found  in
manufacturing   plants;   it  is  not  associated  with  specific
processes  in this subcategory.   All 25 of the secondary  silver
plants  reporting  the presence or absence  of  toxic  pollutants
indicated  in  the  dcp that this pollutant was either  known  or
believed  to  be absent from their wastewater.   Because  of  the
site-specificity  of  the one result,  diethyl phthalate  is  not
considered for limitation.

The  seven toxic pollutant PCBs (polychlorinated  biphenyls)  are
not  clearly  separated by the analytical protocol, used  in  this
study;  thus, they are reported in two groups.  The  first  group
contains  PCB-1242, PCB-1254, and PCB-1221; the  second  contains
PCB-1232,  PCB-1248,  PCB-1260, and PCB-1016.  Both  groups  were
found   in  one  of  five  samples  at  the  same   plant.    The
concentration  for  each  group was 0.012  mg/1,  which  slightly
exceeds the treatable concentration of 0.010 mg/1.  All 25 of the
secondary  silver  plants reporting the presence  or  absence  of
toxic  pollutants  indicated in the dcp that this  pollutant  was
either  known  or believed to be absent  from  their  wastewater.
Since  these  pollutants were found in only one plant,  they  are
assumed  to be unique to that source and are not  considered  fox-
limitation.

Mercury  was  measured above its treatable  concentration  (0.036
mg/1)  in  one of four samples.   Even though found at 1.0  mg/1,
this  pollutant  is  not attributable to specific  materials  and
processes  in this subcategory.   Also,  22 of the  25  secondary
silver   plants  reporting  the  presence  or  absence  of  toxic
pollutants  indicated  in the dcp that mercury was  known  to  be
absent  or   believed to be absent from their wastewater.   Since
it  was found in only one plant,  mercury is not  considered  for
limitation.

TOXIC  POLLUTANTS  SELECTED  FOR  CONSIDERATION  IN  ESTABLISHING
LIMITATIONS

The   pollutants   listed   below  are   selected   for   fu'rther
consideration  in establishing limitations and standards for this
subcategory.

       4.  benzene
       6.  carbon tetrachloride
      10.  1,2-dichloroethane
      11.  1,1,1-trichloroethane
      29.  1,1-dichloroethylene
      30.  1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
      38.  ethylbenzene
      84.  pyrene
      85.  tetrachloroethylene
      86.  toluene
      87.  trichloroethylene
     114.  antimony
     115.  arsenic
     118.  cadmium
                           2754
-------
       SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                            SECT - VI
119.
120.
121.
122.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
           chromium
           copper
           cyanide
           lead
           nickel
           selenium
           silver
           thallium
           zinc
Benzene  was  detected above its treatable  concentration  (0.010
mg/1)  in seven of nine samples.   The concentrations ranged from
0.017 to 2.05 mg/1.   Since benzene was present in concentrations
exceeding  the concentration achievable by  identified  treatment
technology, it is selected for consideration for limitation.

Carbon  tetrachloride was found above its treatable concentration
(0.010  mg/1) in three of nine  samples.   Concentrations  ranged
from 0.07 to 2.3 mg/1.  Since carbon tetrachloride was present in
concentrations   exceeding   the  concentration   achievable   by
identified    treatment   technology,    it   is   selected   for
consideration for limitation.

1,1,1-Trichloroethane  was detected at two plants in two of  nine
samples,  both  at concentrations of 0.022 mg/1.   The  treatable
concentration  is  0.010 mg/1  for  this  pollutant.   Therefore,
1,1,1-trichlorethane    is   selected   for   consideration   for
limitation.

1,2-Dichloroethane was detected above- its quantification limit in
four  of  nine  samples  in  two  plants.    Two  samples,   with
concentrations   of  0.58  and  0.156  mg/1,   were   above   the
concentration  considered  attainable by treatment (0.010  mg/1).
Since 1,2-dichloroethane was present in concentrations  exceeding
the  concentration achievable by identified treatment technology,
it is selected for consideration for limitation.

1,1-Dichloroethylene    was   measured   above   its    treatable
concentration  (0.010  mg/1)  in three of  nine  samples  in  two
plants,  with concentrations of 0.049, 0.33, and 6.1 mg/1.  Since
1, l-dichloroethylene  was present in concentrations exceeding the
concentration achievable by identified treatment  technology,  it
is selected for consideration for limitation.

1 , 2-Trans-dichloroethylene  was  detected in one of nine  samples
with  a  concentration of 0.049 mg/1.   This value is  above  the
treatable concentration (0.010 mg/1).   The raw wastewater stream
containing this pollutant was sampled at only one  plant.   There
fore,  the presence of this pollutant cannot be regarded as site-
specific.    For  these  reasons,  1 , 2-trans-dichloroethylene  is
selected for consideration for limitation.

Ethylbenzene  was  found  in six of  nine  samples.   Only  three
samples   contained   this  pollutant  above  its   concentration
considered  attainable by treatment (0.010 mg/1).   These  .values
                           2755
-------
            SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI


ranged from 0.016 to 0.021 mg/1.  Also, it was detected at two of
three   plants.    Therefore,   ethylbenzene  is   selected   for
consideration for limitation.

Pyrene  was  found in one of five samples at a  concentration  of
2.15 mg/1, which is much greater than its treatable concentration
(0.010   mg/1).    The  raw  wastewater  stream  containing  this
pollutant was sampled at only one plant.  Therefore, the presence
of  this  pollutant cannot be regarded as  site-specific  and  is
selected for consideration for limitation.

Tetrachloroethylene  was measured above  concentrations  regarded
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.010  mg/1)  in
four of nine streams.  The values ranged from 0.017 mg/1 to 0.123
mg/1.   Tetrachloroethylene was detected below its quantification
limit  in  two  other  samples.   These  samples  represent  five
different wastewater streams at three plants.  For these reasons,
this pollutant is selected for consideration for limitation.

Toluene  was detected in seven of nine samples representing  four
raw  wastewater streams from three plan 3.   Five of its measured
concentrations  ranged  from 0.013 mg/1 to 0.05  mg/1,  which  is
above   the  concentration  considered  attainable  by  available
treatment for this pollutant (0.010 mg/1).  Therefore, toluene is
selected for consideration for limitation.

Trichloroethylene  was detected above its treatable concentration
(0.010 mg/1) in three of nine samples.  The concentrations ranged
from 0.473 to 0.93 mg/1.   Since trichloroethylene was present in
concentrations   exceeding   the  concentration   achievable   by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.

Antimony was found above its treatable concentration (0.47  mg/1)
in three of five samples.   The concentrations ranged from 0.7 to
12.0  mg/1.    Since  antimony  was  present  in   concentrations
exceeding  the  concentration achievable by identified  treatment
technology, it is selected for consideration for limitation.

Arsenic  was measured above its quantification limit in all  five
samples  analyzed.   Two  of  the  five  samples  contained  this
pollutant  above the treatable concentration  (0.34  mg/i>,  with
concentrations of 1.9 and 2.2 mg/1.  Since arsenic was present in
concentrations   exceeding   the  concentration   achievable   by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.

Chromium was found above its treatable concentration (0.07  mg/1)
in all five samples analyzed.  The concentrations ranged from 0.3
to  100  mg/1.   Since  chromium was  present  in  concentrations
exceeding  the  concentration achievable by identified  treatment
technology, it is selected for consideration for limitation.

Copper was detected above its treatable concentration (0.39 mg/1)
in  all five samples analyzed.   The concentrations  ranged  from


                           2756
-------
            SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI


0.72  to 70.0 mg/1.   Since copper was present in  concentrations
exceeding  the  concentration achievable by identified  treatment
technology, it is selected for consideration for limitation.

Cyanide  was  measured above its treatable  concentration   (0.047
mg/1) in six of nine samples from four of the five waste streams.
The concentrations ranged from 0.132 to 5.95 mg/1,  in two plants
(one  photographic and one nonphotographic).   Since cyanide  was
present in concentrations exceeding the concentration  achievable
by   identified   treatment  technology,   it  is  selected   for
consideration for limitation.

Lead  was found above its treatable concentration (0.08 mg/1)  in
all five samples analyzed.  The concentrations ranged from 0.5 to
9.0 mg/1.  Since lead was present in concentrations exceeding the
concentration  achievable by identified treatment technology,  it
is selected for consideration for limitation.

Nickel was measured above its treatable concentration (0.22 mg/1)
in four of five samples.   The concentrations ranged from 0.4  to
30.0 mg/1.   Since nickel was present in concentrations exceeding
the  concentration achievable by identified treatment technology,
it is selected for consideration for limitation.

Selenium was found above its treatable concentration (0.20  mg/1)
in three of five samples.  The concentrations ranged from 0.25 to
0.9 mg/1.  Since selenium was present in concentrations exceeding
the  concentration achievable by identified treatment technology,
it is selected for consideration for limitation.

Silver  was detected above its quantification limit in  three  of
five  samples analyzed.   Concentrations ranged from 0.07 to  5.0
mg/1.  Three samples contained silver at concentrations above the
concentration  considered  attainable by treatment  (0.07  mg/1).
Since   silver  .was  present  in  concentrations  exceeding   the
concentration achievable by identified treatment  technology,  it
is selected for consideration for limitation.

Thallium  was found above its quantification limit in two of  the
five  samples  analyzed  for this pollutant.   One  of  the  five
samples contained  thallium at a concentration of 0.4 mg/1,  above
the treatable concentration  (0.34 mg/1) for this pollutant. Since
thallium    was    present   in   concentrations   exceeding   the
concent-ration achievable by identified treatment  technology,  it
is selected for consideration for limitation.

Zinc  was measured above its treatable concentration (0.23  mg/1)
in all five samples analyzed.  The concentrations ranged from 4.0
to  2,000  mg/1.    Since  zinc  was  present  in  concentrations
exceeding  the concentration attainable by  identified  treatment
technology, it is  selected for consideration for limitation.
                           2757
-------
                                                                      Table  VI-1
                                          FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF  TOXIC  POLLUTANTS
                                                                 SECONDARY SILVER
                                                                   RAW  WASTEWATER
Ul
00
           Pollutant

  1. acenaphchene
  2. acroleln
  3. acrylonltrlle
  4. benzene
  5. benzldlne
  6. carbon tetrachlorlde
  7. chlorobenzene
  8. 1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene
  9. hexachlorobenzene
 10. 1,2-dlchlocoethane
 II. 1.1,1-trlchloroethane
 12. hexachloroethane
 13. 1,1-dichloroethane
 14. 1,1,2-trlchloroethane
  5. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
 ..i. chloroethane
 !•'. bis(chloromethyl) ether
 If. bls(2-chloroethyl) ether
 I' . 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
 2i . 2-chloronaphthalene
 21. 2.4,6-trlchlorophenol
 22. parachlorometa cresol
 23. chloroform
 24. 2-chlorophenol
 25.  ,2-dichlorobenzene
 26.  .3-dtchlorobenzene
 27.  ,4-dlchLorobenzene
.28.  ,3'-dlchlorobenzldlne
 29.  ,l-dlchloroethylene
 30.  ,2-trans-dlchloroethylene
 31.  ,4-dlchTorophenol
 32.  ,2-dichloropropane
 33.  ,3-dichloropropylene
 34. 2,4-dltnethylphenol
 35. 2,4-dlnltrotoluene
 36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
 37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazlne
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
(TO/IHa)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.0 10
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
•o.oio
Treatable
Concent ra-
tlonJng/lKb)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Number of
Streams
Analyzed
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
- 5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Number of
Samples
Analyzed
5
9
9
9
5
9
9
5
5
9
9
5
9
9
9
9
9
5
9
5
3
3
9
3
5
5
5
5
9
9
3
9
9
3
5
5
5
Detected
Detected Below Below Treat-
Quant IE Icat Ion able Concen-
NO Concentration- t rat ion
4 1
9
9
t 1
5
6
6 3
5
5
5
7
5
9
9
8 t
9
9
5
9
5
3
3
4
3
5
5
5
5
6
8
3
9
9
3
5
5
5
Detected
Above Treat
able concen-
tration



7

3



4
2











5





3
|







                                                                                                                                                                to
                                                                                                                                                                K
                                                                                                                                                                O

                                                                                                                                                                §
                                                                                                                                                                O
                                                                                                                                                                H

                                                                                                                                                                i
 o
 B
>g
 o
                                                                                                                                                               M
                                                                                                                                                               13
                                                                                                                                                               <
                                                                                                                                                               H
-------
                                                         Table  VI-1   (Continued)
                                       FREQUENCY  OF  OCCURRENCE  OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS
                                                             SECONDARY  SILVER
                                                               RAW WASTEWATER
to
^J
tn
          Pollutant

38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bls(2-chlorolsopropyl) ether
43. bls(2-chloroethoxy) methane
44. methylene chloride
45. methyl chloride
46. methyl bromide
47. branpform
'18. dlchlorobromomethane
49. trlchlorofluoromethane
50. dlchlorodlfluoromethane
51. chlorodlbronomethane
~.-2. hexachlorobutadlene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadlene
54. Isophorone
55. naphthalene
56. nitrobenzene
57. 2-nltrophenol
58. 4-nltrophenol
59. 2,4-dlnltrophenol
60. 4,6-dlnltro-o-cresol
61. h'-nltrosodlmethylamlne
62. N-nltrosodlphenylamlne
63. N-nltrosodl-n-propylamlne
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
66. bls(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. dl-n-butyl phthalate
69. dl-n-octyl phthalate
70. dtethyl phthalate
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. 3,4-benzofiuoranthene
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
(n«/l)(a)
0.010
0.010
0.010 "
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010

Treatable
Concentra-
tion (n«/l)(b)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010

Number of
Streams
Analyzed
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

Number of
Samples
Analyzed
9
5
5
5
5
5
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
5
5
5
5
5
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

Detected Below
Quantification
NO Concentration
3 3
5
5
5
5
5
6
9
9
8
9
9
9
8 1
5
5
5
5
5
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
3
3
1
3
1
2
4
5
5
5

Detected Detected
Below Treat- Above Treat-
able Concen- able Concen-
tration tratlon
3





3


1


















4
2
4
3
1




                                                                                                                                                               W
                                                                                                                                                               O
                                                                                                                                                               O
                                                                                                                                                               CO
                                                                                                                                                               H
                                                                                                                                                               M
                                                                                                                                                               »
                                                                                                                                                               W
                                                                                                                                                               C
                                                                                                                                                               W
                                                                                                                                                               O
M
O
O
5
Kj
                                                                                                                                                               CO
                                                                                                                                                               M
                                                                                                                                                               O
                                                                                                                                                               1-3
                                                                                                                                                               <
                                                                                                                                                               H
-------
                                           Table  VI-1  (Continued)

                         FREQUENCY  OF  OCCURRENCE  OF  TOXIC  POLLUTANTS
                                               SECONDARY  SILVER
                                                 RAW  WASTEWATER
                                                                                                                                          CO
                                                                                                                                          M
                                                                                                                                          O
                                                                                                                                          O
          Pollutant

 75. benzo(k)fluoranthene
 76. chrysene
 77. acenaphthylene
 78. anthracene        (c)
 79. benzo(ghl)perylene
 80. fluorene
 81. phenanthrene       (c)
 82. (llbenzo(a.h)anthracene
 83. lncleno( 1.2.3-cd)pyrene
 84. pyrene
 85. tetrachloroethylene
 86. toluene
 87. trlchloroethylene
 88. vinyl chloride
 89. aldrln
 90. dleldrln
 91. chlordane
 92. 4,4'-DOT
 93. 4.4>-DDE -
 94. 4,4'-DUO
 95. alpha-endosulfan
 96. beta-endosulfan
 97. endosulfan sulfate
 98. endrln
 99. endrln aldehyde
100. heptachlor
101. heptachlor epoxlde
102. alpha-BHC
103. beta-WC
i04. gamma-BHC
K)5. delta-BHC
106. PCB-1242
107. PCB-1254
108. PCB-1221
109. PCB-1232
HO. PCB-t248
111. PCB-1260
112. PCB-1016
(d)
(d)
(d)
(e)
Ce)
(e)
(e)
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
(«r«/l)(a)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005

Treatable
Concentra-
tion (HK/lHb)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
o.oto
o.oto
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010


0.010




Number of
Streams
Analyzed
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5


5




Number of
Samples
Analyzed
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
9
9
9
9
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5


5






ND
5
5
5
4
5
5
4
5
5
4
3
2
5
9
5
3
2
3
3
5
,5
5
5
3
4
3
5
4
3
4
5
4






Detected Detected
Detected Below Below Treat- Above Treat-
Quantification able Concen- able Concen-
Concentratlon tration tratlon



1


1


I
2 4
2 5
1 3


2
3
2
2




2
1
2

1
2
1

1


4 . 1



                                                                                                                          in
                                                                                                                          H
                                                                                                                          <-
                                                                                                                          M
                                                                                                                          cn
                                                                                                                          G
                                                                                                                          ro
                                                                                                                          o
                                                                                                                          5
                                                                                                                          O
                                                                                                                          CO
                                                                                                                          M
                                                                                                                          O
                                                                                                                          H3
                                                                                                                          H
-------
                                            Table  VI-1  (Continued)

                           FREQUENCY OF  OCCURRENCE  OF  TOXIC POLLUTANTS
                                                 SECONDARY  SILVER
                                                  RAW WASTEWATER
                                                                                                                                               Cfl
                                                                                                                                               M
                                                                                                                                               I
          Pollutant
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
    toxapfiene
    ar t liro sy
    asbestos
    beryllium
    cadmium
    chromium
    copper
    cyanide
    lead
    mercury
    nickel
    selenium
    silver
    thallium
    zinc
    2.3.7.8-tetrachlorodlbenzo-
     p-dioxin (TCDD)
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration •
(m*/l)
0.005
0.100
0.010
10 MR
o.oto
0.002
0.005
0.009
0.02 (f)
0.020
0.000)
0.005
0.0)
0.02
0.100
0.050


Treatable
Concentra-
tion 
0.010
0.47
0.34
10MFL
0.20
0.49
0.07
0.39
0.047
0.08
0.036
0.22
0.20
0.07
0.34
0.23
Not Analyzed

Nti&er of
Streams
Analyzed
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
5


Number of
Samples
Analyzed
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
5
9
5
4
5
5
5
5
5




ND
3
2

1
5



1

1
1
2
2
3


Detected
Detected Below Below Treat-
Quantification aj>le Concen-
Goncentration t rat Ion
2

3
1
\-



2

2



1


Detected
Above Treat-
able Concen-
tration

3
2


5
5
5
6
5
1
4
3
3
1
5

(a) Analytical quantification concentration was reported with die data (see Section V).

  ) Treatable concentrations are based on performance of lime precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration for toxic metal pollutants and activated
   carbon adsorption for toxic organic pollutants.

  ,(d),(e) Reported together.
                                                                                                                                               CO
IS

Cfl
O

I
                                                                                                                                               M
                                                                                                                                               H
                                                                                                                                               O
                                                                                                                                               5-3'
                                                                                                                                               <
                                                                                                                                               H
(C. Analytical quantification concentration for EPA Method 335.2, Total Cyanide Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,  EPA-600/4-79-020,
   March 1979.
-------
       SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VI
                      TABLE VI-2

            TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

 2.  acrolein
 3.  acrylonitrile
 5.  benzidine
 8.  1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
 9.  hexachlorobenzene
12.  hexachloroethane
13.  1,1-dichloroethane
14.  1,1,2-trichloroethane
16.  chloroethane
17.  DELETED
18.  bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20.  2-chloronaphthalene
21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22.  parachlorometa cresol
24.  2-chlorophenol
25.  1,2-dichlorobenzene
26.  1,3-dichlorobenzene
27.  1,4-dichlorobenzene
28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
31.  2,4-dichlorophenol
32.  1,2-dichloropropane
33.  1,3-dichloropropylene
34.  2,4-dimethylphenol
35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene .
36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene
37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine
39.  fluoranthene
40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
43.  bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
45.  methyl chloride
46.  methyl bromide
48.  dichlorobromomethane
49.  DELETED
50.  DELETED
52.  hexachlorobutadiene
53.  hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54.  isophorone
55.  naphthalene
56.  nitrobenzene
57.  2-nitrophenol
58.  4-nitrophenol
59.  2,4-dinitrophenol
60.  4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
                      2762
-------
        SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VI
                 TABLE VI-2 (Continued)

             TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

 61.  N-nitrosqdimethylamine
 62.  N-nitrosodiphenylamine
 63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
 64.  pentachlorophenol
 65.  phenol
 71.  dimethyl phthalate
 72.  benzo(a)anthracene
 73.  benzo(a)pyrene
 74.  3,4-benzofluoranthene
 75.  benzo(k)fluoranthene
 76.  chrysene
 77.  acenaphthylene
 79.  benzo(ghi)perylene
 80.  fluorene
 82.  dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
 83.  indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
 88.  vinyl chloride
 89.  aldrin
 94.  4,4'-ODD
 95.  alpha-endosulfan
 96.  beta-endosulfan
 97.  endosulfan sulfate
101.  heptachlor epoxide
105.  delta-BHC
117.  beryllium
129.  2,3,7/8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
                       2763
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI
   THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
               2764
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VII
                           SECTION VII

                CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The  preceding sections of this supplement discussed the sources,
flows,  and  characteristics  of the wastewaters  from  secondary
silver plants.   This section summarizes the description of these
wastewaters  and  indicates  the  level  of  treatment  which  is
currently  practiced by the secondary silver subcategory for each
waste stream.

CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES

This  section  presents a summary of the  control  and  treatment
technologies  that  are  currently being applied to each  of  the
sources generating wastewater in this subcategory.   As discussed
in  Section V,  wastewater associated with the  secondary  silver
subcategory  is characterized by the presence of the toxic  metal
pollutants and suspended solids.  (The raw (untreated) wastewater
data  for specific sources as well as combined waste streams  are
presented in Section V.)  Generally, these pollutants are present
in  each  of the waste streams at concentrations above  treatable
concentrations,  so these waste streams are commonly combined for
treatment  to  reduce  the concentrations  of  these  pollutants.
Construction  of  one wastewater treatment  system  for  combined
treatment  allows plants to take advantage of economies of  scale
and,   in  some  instances,   to  combine  streams  of  differing
alkalinity to reduce treatment chemical requirements.  Twenty-two
plants  in  this subcategory currently have  combined  wastewater
treatment    systems,    five   have   lime   precipitation   and
sedimentation,  two  have lime precipitation,  sedimentation  and
filtration,  and nine have lime precipitation and filtration.   As
such, three options have been selected for consideration for BPT,
BAT, BDT, and pretreatment in this subcategory, based on combined
treatment of these compatible waste streams.

FILM STRIPPING

The   film  base  (residue)  resulting  from  the  stripping   of
photographic   film  can  be  screened  and   rinsed,   producing
wastewater. One of the three plants with this process reported an
effluent,  none of which is recycled.  As discussed in Section V,
this wastewater should contain treatable concentrations of  toxic
metals,  oil and grease,  cyanide, phenolics, and total suspended
solids.   The  one  plant treats film stripping  wastewater  with
sedimentation,  pH adjustment, a trickling filter, followed by an
activated sludge system.

FILM  STRIPPING  WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND PRECIPITATION  AND
FILTRATION OF FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

One   of   the  three  plants  engaged  in  film  stripping   and
precipitation of film stripping solutions uses a wet scrubber   to
                           2765
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VII
control air emissions.   Toxic organics, toxic metals/ phenolics,
total  suspended  solids,   and  cyanide  should  be  present  at
treatable  concentrations.   This  plant  practices  99+  percent
recycle  of  film  stripping scrubber water.   Treatment  of  the
wastewater   consists  of   neutralization,   flocculation,   and
sedimentation, followed by polishing filtration.

PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS

Depleted  silver solutions from film stripping must be  discarded
after  precipitation.    Four  of  five  plants  discharge   this
wastewater.    Toxic  organics,  toxic  metals,  total  suspended
solids,  phenolics,  and  cyanide should be present at  treatable
concentrations.   No  plants reported recycling this  wastewater.
Treatment  at  one  plant consists of  settling,  pH  adjustment,
trickling filtration,  and an activated sludge  system.   Another
plant  treats  by  neutralization  with  caustic  soda  or  acid,
flocculation  by  polymer  addition,  and  settling  followed  by
polishing filtration.   Two plants discharge into municipal sewer
lines without treatment.
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS

Silver-free solutions are usually discarded after  precipitation.
All  seven  plants precipitating photographic  solutions  produce
wastewater  from  this  process.    Treatable  concentrations  of
ammonia  and  toxic metals characterize  this  wastewater.   Most
suspended   solids  will  have  been  removed  with  the   silver
precipitate during filtration.   There are no plants that recycle
this  wastewater.   A  number  of treatment methods  are  applied
before this wastewater is discharged.  They are:

     1.  Neutralization with limestone - one plant,
     2.  Neutralization with caustic and filtration - one plant,
     3.  Neutralization with caustic, sedimentation, and
         filtration - one plant,
     4.  Settling, pH adjustment, trickling filter, and activated
         sludge system - one plant,
     5.  No treatment - two plants, and
     6.  Contractor disposal - one plant.
PRECIPITATION  AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
POLLUTION CONTROL
          WET  AIR
Three  plants use wet scrubbers on precipitation  and  filtration
processes.    The  wastewater  characteristics  are  similar   to
scrubber  wastewater from film stripping precipitation because of
the  similar  materials  and  processes  used.   Toxic  organics,
metals,  cyanide, and total suspended solids should be present in
this wastewater at treatable concentrations.  One plant practices
complete  recycle of silver solution scrubber water.   The  three
others  practice  partial  recycle of the  scrubber  liquor  (99+
percent).   The following treatment schemes are currently in  use
in the subcategory:
                           2766
-------
               SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY     SECT—  VII


     1.  100 percent evaporation - one plant,
     2.  Neutralization with caustic, polymer addition,
         sedimentation, and polishing filtration  - one plant,
     3.  No treatment - one plant.

ELECTROLYTIC REFINING

Wastewater discharges from electrolytic refining  consist of spent
electrolyte solution and  water from washing the recovered silver.
Of  the  15 plants having an electrolytic  refining  process,  13
discharge wastewater.   This wastewater should contain treatable
concentrations  of  carbon  tetrachloride,   pyrene,   bromoform,
benzene,   and  tetrachloroethylene.    Toxic  metals,   ammonia,
cyanide,  and  total suspended solids are present above treatable
concentrations.    One    plant   reported  recycling    the   spent
electrolyte to a precipitation process.   The following treatment
methods are currently practiced:

     1.  No treatment - three plants,
     2.  Neutralization with caustic - one plant,
     3.  Precipitation with sodium bicarbonate and sedimenta-
         tion - one plant,
     4.  Contractor disposal - two plants,
     5.  Neutralization with caustic and sedimentation -
         one plant,
     6.  Neutralization with caustic, flocculation with alum, and
         sedimentation -  one plant,
     7.  Zinc cementation to recover precious metals,
         neutralization with caustic, polymer addition, and
         pressure filtration - one plant,
     8.  Iron cementation to recover precious metals and pH
         adjustment (chemical unspecified) - one plant,
     9.  Neutralization with caustic and filtration - one plant,
    10.  Iron cementation to recover precious metals,
         neutralization with caustic and sedimentation - one
         plant.

FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

Air  emission sources in secondary silver furnace operations  are
incinerators,  roasting and drying furnaees,  and melting furnaces.
Nineteen secondary silver producers control  air emissions,   using
various methods.   These are:

     1.  Baghouse - seven plants,
     2.  Dry electrostatic precipitator  - three plants,
     3.  Afterburner - four plants,
     4.  Wet scrubber - eight plants (includes Venturi, wet
         electrostatic precipitator,  and spray type scrubbers),
     5.  Wet scrubber and baghouse - two plants,
     6.  Wet scrubber,  afterburner and baghouse -  two plants,
     7.  Afterburner and baghouse - one  plant.

Total   suspended   solids   should  be   present   at   treatable
concentrations  in the wastewater produced by wet   air   pollution


                           2767
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER -SUBCATEGORY
                                      SECT - VII
control.  Six  plants producing this wastewater practice complete
recycle or evaporation.  Two others practice partial recycle (>99
percent). Treatment methods used are:
     1,
     2,
     3,
     4,
     5,
No treatment - five plants,
100 percent evaporation - one plant,
Neutralization and precipitation with caustic, sodium
sulfide or calcium chloride, flocculation with polymer,
and sedimentation - one plant,
Contractor disposal - one plant.
Neutralization with caustic, filtration, evaporation and
complete recycle - one plant.
Complete recycle-mechanism not reported - two plants.
LEACHING

Of  the 13 nonphotographic silver plants that leach,  11  produce
wastewater.     This   wastewater   should   contain    treatable
concentrations  of toxic organics and metals,  ammonia,  cyanide,
phenolics,  and  suspended solids.   One plant recovers  precious
metals  from  the waste by  electrolysis..  Wastewater  treatment
methods used are:

     1.  Neutralization with caustic, filtration, and ion
         exchange - one plant,
     2.  Neutralization with lime, polymer addition, and sedi-
         mentation - one plant,
     3.  Contractor disposal - two plants,
     4.  Neutralization and precipitation with caustic, sodium
         sulfide, or calcium chloride, followed by flocculation
         with polymer and sedimentation - one plant,
     5.  Evaporation - one plant,
     6.  No treatment - one plant.

LEACHING WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND PRECIPITATION OP
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

All  13 plants that leach nonphotographic materials reported  air
emissions controls.   Devices commonly used are packed bed, spray
tower, and venturi scrubbers.  This wastewater contains treatable
concentrations of toxic metals and total suspended solids.  Three
plants  practice complete recycle of the scrubber  water.   Seven
other  plants recycle from 65 to 99+ percent.   Treatment methods
used consist of:

      1.  Neutralization and precipitation with caustic, sodium
          sulfide, or calcium chloride, followed by flocculation
          with polymer and sedimentation - one plant,
      2.  Neutralization with caustic, polymer addition,
          sedimentation, and polishing filtration - one plant,
      3.  Neutralization with caustic, polymer addition, and
          sedimentation - one plant,
      4.  Neutralization in a limestone bed - one plant,
      5.  Iron cementation and pH adjustment  (chemical
          unspecified) - one plant,
                            2768
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VII
      6.  Neutralization with caustic - one plant,
      7.  Neutralization with caustic and filtration - one plant,
      8.  Evaporation - one plant,
      9.  Contractor disposal - one plant,
     10.  No treatment - three plants.

PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS

All 27 of the silver plants with this process produce wastewater.
This  wastewater  should contain toxic  organics,  toxic  metals,
ammonia,  cyanide,  phenolics,  and total suspended  solids.   No
plants  reported recycling this waste stream.   Treatment methods
for this wastewater consist of:

      1.  Neutralization and precipitation with caustic, sodium
          sulfide, or calcium chloride, followed by flocculation
          with polymer and sedimentation - one plant,
      2.  Neutralization with caustic, polymer addition,
          sedimentation, and polishing filtration - one plant,
      3.  Neutralization with caustic and sedimentation - two
          plants,
      4.  Neutralization with caustic, polymer addition, and
          sedimentation - one plant,
      5.  Neutralization with caustic and filtration - one plant,
      6.  Contractor disposal - three plants,
      7.  Neutralization with caustic - four plants,
      8.  Lime precipitation, polymer addition, and sedimenta-
          tion - two plants,
      9.  Zinc cementation, caustic neutralization, polymer
          addition, sedimentation, and pressure filtration - one
          plant,
     10.  Chlorine addition and neutralization with caustic - one
          plant,
     11.  pH adjustment (chemical unspecified) - one plant,
     12.  Neutralization with limestone - two plants,
     13.  Chlorination, lime precipitation,  sodium sulfide
          precipitation, and sedimentation - one plant,
     14.  Caustic and ammonia addition, sedimentation,  and
          filtration - one plant,
     15.  Sodium hydrosulfite and caustic addition, recycle of
          sludge to process, ion exchange, pH adjustment with
          sulfuric acid - one plant,
     16.  Neutralization with caustic, flocculation with alum,
          and sedimentation - one plant,
     17.  Iron cementation and pH adjustment (chemical
          unspecified)  - one plant,
     18.  Iron cementation, neutralization with caustic,  and
          sedimentation - one plant,
     19.  No treatment - two plants.

FLOOR AND EQUIPMENT WASHDOWN

Many  plants wash equipment and floors to recover   silver  values
that  may be contained in accidental leaks and spills of   process
solutions.    Data  on  treatment  of floor wash water   were  not
                           2769
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VII


generally available in the data collection portfolios.   However,
some  plants practice cementation to recover the precious  metals
before  discharging the wastewater to POTW or central  treatment.
This  wastewater contains treatable concentration of toxic metals
and  total  suspended  solids.    As  described  above,   central
treatment usually consists of neutralization with lime or caustic
and  sedimentation.   Eleven plants use filtration  either  after
sedimentation   or   as   a  solids  removal  step   to   replace
sedimentation.

CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS

Based  on an examination of the wastewater sampling  data,  three
control  and treatment technologies that effectively control  the
pollutants  found in secondary silver wastewaters were  evaluated
after  proposal.   These technology options are discussed  below.
The  effectiveness of these technologies is presented in  Section
VII of the General Development Document.

Other   treatment   technologies   included   activated   alumina
adsorption (Option D) and reverse osmosis (Option  F).   Although
these  technologies  are theoretically applicable to  wastewaters
generated  in  the secondary silver subcategory,  they  were  not
selected for evaluation because they are not demonstrated in  the
nonferrous  metals manufacturing category,  nor are they  clearly
transferable.

OPTION A

Option A for the secondary silver subcategory requires  treatment
technologies  to reduce pollutant mass.   The Option A  treatment
scheme  consists of ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment
applied   to   precipitation  and  filtration   of   photographic
solutions.   Preliminary treatment is followed by lime and settle
(chemical   precipitation  and  sedimentation)  applied  to   the
combined  stream steam stripper effluent and the combined  stream
of  all other wastewater.   Complete recycle of treated floor and
equipment  washdown  wastewater  is  also   included.    Chemical
precipitation  is  used to remove metals by the addition of  lime
followed  by gravity sedimentation.   Suspended solids  are  also
removed from the process.

OPTION B

Option  B  for the secondary silver subcategory consists  of  the
ammonia  steam stripping,  lime precipitation,  and sedimentation
technology  considered in Option A plus control  technologies  to
reduce  the discharge of wastewater volume.    Complete recycle of
treated floor and equipment washdown wastewater is also included.
Water  recycle  and  revise  of scrubber water  is  the  principal
control mechanism for additional flow reduction.

OPTION C                               ,

Option  C  for the secondary silver subcategory consists  of  the


                           2770
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               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VII
ammonia  steam  stripping,   in-process  flow   reduction,   lime
precipitation,  and sedimentation technology considered in Option
B  plus multimedia filtration technology added at the end of  the
Option B treatment scheme.  Complete recycle of treated floor and
equipment  washdown  wastewater  is  also  included.   Multimedia
filtration   is  used  to  remove  suspended  solids,   including
precipitates  of metals,  beyond the concentration attainable  by
gravity sedimentation.   The filter suggested is of the  gravity,
mixed  media type,  although other forms of filters such as rapid
sand  filters or pressure filters would  perform  satisfactorily.
The  addition of filters also provides consistent removal  during
periods  in which there are rapid increases in flows or  loadings
of pollutants to the treatment system.

An  additional  treatment  technology  was  considered  prior  to
proposing  effluent limitations for this subcategory as discussed
below.   Activated  carbon adsorption was rejected because it  is
not necessary since toxic organic pollutants are not selected for
limitation  in  this  subcategory.    (Refer  to  discussion   of
regulated pollutant parameters in Section X.)

OPTION E

Option  E  for the secondary silver subcategory consisted,of  the
ammonia  steam  stripping,   in-process  flow   reduction,   lime
precipitation,    sedimentation,    and   multimedia   filtration
technology  considered in Option C with the addition of  granular
activated  carbon technology at the end of the Option C treatment
scheme.  The activated carbon process is utilized to control  the
discharge of toxic organics.
                            2771
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
            2772
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             SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY     SECT  -  VIII



                           SECTION VIII

           COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY' ASPECTS


This  section  describes  the method used to   develop   the   costs
associated  with the control and treatment technologies discussed
in Section VII for wastewaters from secondary  silver plants.  The
energy  requirements of the considered options as  well  as   solid
waste and air pollution aspects are also discussed.

As discussed in Section VII,  three control and treatment options
have  been developed for the secondary silver  subcategory.   The
options  are  summarized  below and  schematically presented   in
Figures X-l through X-3 (pages 2818 - 2820).

OPTION A

Option A requires preliminary ammonia steam stripping ' treatment,
and  end-of-pipe  technology  consisting of  lime  precipitation,
sedimentation,   and   complete  recycle  of  treated  floor  and
equipment  washdown  wastewater.   The stream that  will  require
ammonia  steam stripping preliminary treatment  is  precipitation
and filtration of photographic solutions wastewater.

OPTION B

Option B requires in-process flow reduction measures, preliminary
ammonia  steam  stripping treatment,  and  end-of-pipe  treatment
technology consisting of lime precipitation,  sedimentation,  and
complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown wastewater.  The
in-process  flow reduction measures consist of the recycle of wet
air pollution control water through holding tanks.

OPTION C

Option  C  requires  the in-process flow  reduction  measures  of
Option B,  preliminary ammonia steam stripping treatment, and end-
of-pipe  treatment technology consisting of  lime  precipitation,
sedimentation,   complete  recycle of treated floor  and  equipment
washdown wastewater,  and multimedia filtration.

A  detailed  discussion  of the methodology used to  develop  the
compliance  costs  is presented in Section VIII  of  the  General
Development Document. .  Plant-by-plant compliance costs have been
estimated  for   the nonferrous metals  manufacturing category  and
are  presented  in  the  administrative  record  supporting  this
regulation.   A comparison of  the costs developed for proposal and
the  revised  costs  for  the  final regulation  are   presented  in
Tables VIII-1 and VIII-2   (page 2776)  for the direct and indirect
dischargers,  respectively.

Each of the major assumptions used to  develop compliance costs is
presented  in Section VIII  of Vol.  I.  However,   each  subcategory


                           2773
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             SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII


contains  a  unique  set  of  waste  streams  requiring   certain
subcategory-specific  assumptions  to develop  compliance  costs.
Six major assumptions are discussed briefly below.

     (1)  Since  23  of the plants whose  compliance  costs  were
          estimated  overlap with other nonferrous  manufacturing
          subcategories  or categories/  costs are apportioned to
          each subcategory on a flow-weighted basis.

     (2)  Although  a discharge allowance for floor wash  is  not
          necessary,  a  flow  of 1 liter of floor wash per  troy
          ounce  is  used for cost estimation purposes  for  each
          plant on the basis of total production of all  precious
          metals (including silver) that results in precipitation
          and filtration wastewater.  Since acceptable floor wash
          water   may   be  obtained   from   recycling   treated
          wastewater,   costs  are estimated for a  holding  tank
          after   chemical precipitation and settling to  recycle
          water  for floor wash use under all options.

     (3)  Sodium  hydroxide  addition  was  used  throughout  the
          secondary  silver subcategory in estimating  costs  for
          chemical  precipitation  since it is likely  that  most
          plants   will  recycle  treatment  plant  sludges   for
          additional metal recovery.

     (4)  When  a  plant  reported  recycle  of  treatment  plant
          sludges,  capital and annual costs for sludge  handling
          (vacuum   filtration  and  contract  hauling)  are  not
          included.  Where the sludge disposal method is reported
          as contract hauling,  or is unknown,  contract  hauling
          costs are included assuming nonhazardous disposal.

     (5)  Recycle  of  air pollution control scrubber  liquor  is
          based  on recycle through holding tanks.   Annual costs
          associated  with  maintenance and sludge  disposal  are
          included in the estimated compliance costs.  If a plant
          currently  recycles scrubber liquor,  capital costs  of
          the  recycle  equipment  (piping,  pumps,  and  holding
          tanks) were not included in the compliance costs.

     (6)  Costs  for ammonia removal for streams with flow  rates
          below  50  liters  per  hour (none  of-  which  are  air
          pollution streams) are estimated using an air stripping
          system.   Ammonia  steam  stripping is  not  considered
          feasible  due to insufficient hydraulic loading in  the
          stripping  column (given the minimum column diameter of
          2 feet used in cost estimation).

          The  chemical  precipitation tank is used for  the  air
          stripping operation.   Chemical precipitation is always
          operated in the "low flow" batch treatment mode with  a
          five  day  holdup  due to the low flow  rate  (see  the
          discussion on chemical precipitation in Section VIII of
          the  General Development Document for a description  of


                           2774
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             SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII
                                    «g

          the  "low flow" batch treatment mode).   An air sparger
          is incorporated into the reactor tank.  The influent is
          sparged  while the tank fills  with  wastewater,  i.e.,
          over  the  entire five day holdup period.   A  hood  is
          placed  over  the  tank to  capture  any  ammonia-laden
          vapors.

          Direct  capital  costs  for the ammonia  air  stripping
          system  include  a blower,  a  sparger  system,  and  a
          ventilation  hood.   Direct annual costs are assumed to
          consist  solely  of blower  operation  and  maintenance
          costs.  These are assumed to be 5 percent of the blower
          capital cost.


NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS

A  general  discussion  of the nonwater quality  aspects  of  the
control  and  treatment  options considered  for  the  nonferrous
metals  category  is  contained in Section VIII  of  the  General
Development Document.   Nonwater quality impacts specific to  the
secondary silver subcategory including energy requirements, solid
waste, and air pollution are discussed below:

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

The methodology used for determining the energy requirements  for
the  various  options  is discussed in Section VIII  of  Vol.  I.
Energy   requirements  for  the  three  options  considered   are
estimated  at  0.88  mwh/yr, 0.88 mwh/yr,  and  0.93  mwh/yr  for
Options  A, B, and C respectively.  Option C  represents  roughly
eight  percent  of  a typical plant's electrical  usage.   It  is
therefore concluded that the energy requirements of the treatment
options considered will have no significant impact on total plant
energy consumption.

SOLID WASTES                .

Sludges  associated  with the secondary silver  subcategory  will
necessarily contain additional quantities (and concentrations) of
toxic  metal pollutants*   Wastes generated by  secondary  metals
industries  can be regulated as hazardous.   However,  the Agency
examined  the solid wastes that would be generated  at  secondary
nonferrous metals manufacturing plants by the suggested treatment
technologies and believes they are not hazardous wastes under the
Agency's  regulations  implementing Section 3001 of the  Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.   None of these wastes are  listed
specifically  as  hazardous.   Nor are they likely to  exhibit  a
characteristic  of hazardous waste.   This judgment is made based
on    the   recommended   technology   of   lime   precipitation,
sedimentation,  and filtration.   By the addition of excess  lime
during  treatment,  similar  sludges,  specifically  toxic  metal
bearing  sludges,  generated by other industries such as the iron
and steel industry, passed the Extraction Procedure (EP) toxicity
test.  See 40 CPR 8261.24.   Thus,  the Agency believes that  the


                           2775
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              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII


 waste  water  sludges  will  similarly not be  EP  toxic  if  the
 recommended technology is applied.

 Although it is the Agency's view that solid wastes generated as a
 result  of  these  guidelines are not expected to  be  hazardous,
 generators  of these wastes must test the waste to  determine  if
 the  wastes  meet any of the characteristics of  hazardous  waste
 (see 40 CPR 262.11).

 If  these wastes should be identified or are listed as hazardous,
 they  will  come  within the scope of RCRA's  "cradle  to  grave"
 hazardous waste management program,.requiring regulation from the
 point  of  generation  to  point  of  final  disposition.    EPA's
 generator   standards  would  require  generators  of   hazardous
 nonferrous  metals.manufacturing wastes to meet containerization,
 labeling,  recordkeeping,   and reporting requirements;   if plants
 dispose of hazardous wastes off-site,  they would have to prepare
 a  manifest which would track the.movement of the wastes from  the
 generator's premises to a  permitted off-site treatment,  storage,
 or  disposal  facility.    See 40 CFR 262.20 45 PR 33142 (May  i.9,
 1980),   as  amended   at 45 PR 86973  (December  31,   1980).    The
 transporter regulations require transporters of hazardous   wastes
 to  comply with the  manifest system to assure that  the  wastes  are
 delivered to a permitted facility.   See 40 CFR 263.20  45  PR 33151
 (May 19,  1980),  as amended at 45 PR 86973 (December  31,  1980).

 Finally,  RCRA regulations  establish standards for hazardous  waste
 treatment,   storage,   and  disposal  facilities allowed  to   receive
 such wastes.    See 40  CFR  Part  464  46 FR 2802 (January  12,  1981),
 47  PR 32274 (July 26,  1982).

 Even if  these wastes were  not identified as hazardous,  they  still
 must be   disposed   of in  compliance  with  the  Subtitle   D  open
 dumping   standards,  implementing 4004 of RCRA.   See  44  FR  53438
 (September   13,  1979).   The  Agency  has  calculated as part  of   the
 costs for  wastewater treatment  the  cost  of  hauling and  disposing
 of  these  wastes.  The  Agency estimates  implementation of lime and
 settle technology will  generate  approximately 2,900  tons per year
 of  wastewater  treatment  sludge.  Multimedia  filtration  technology
 will  not   generate any  significant amount  of   sludge  over  that
 resulting  from lime precipitation.

 AIR POLLUTION

 There is no  reason to believe that any substantial air  pollution
 problem   will   result   from  implementation  of  ammonia   steam
 stripping,   chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia
 filtration.   These  technologies  transfer pollutants  to  solid
 waste and are not likely to transfer pollutants to air.

At   three   secondary  silver  plants,   streams  with  treatable
 concentrations  of  ammonia having flows less than 50  1/hr  were
 treated  with  air stripping for design and  cost  determination.
None  of  the waste streams were air pollution  control  streams.
The  air stripping is accomplished by aeration and  agitation  in


                           2776
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             SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII


the   chemical  precipitation  batch  tank,   which  includes   a
ventilation  hood.   Air  stripping  is  not  a  model  treatment
technology  because  it  simply transfers the  ammonia  from  one
medium  to  another,  whereas steam stripping allows for  ammonia
recovery,  and  if desired,  reuse.   Air stripping was  used  in
costing  instead  of  steam stripping because at such  low  flow,
continuous   operation  of  steam  strippers  is  not   possible.
Therefore,  the  treatable  concentration for  ammonia  would  be
difficult  to  attain.   The Agency does not believe  that  under
these circumstances (low flow, non-air pollution control streams)
that air stripping will create an air quality problem.
                            2777
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         SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VIII
                      TABLE VIII-1

 COST  OF COMPLIANCE  FOR  THE SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY
                  DIRECT  DISCHARGERS
              Proposal
Option
A
B
C
Capital Cost
169000
250000
280000
Annual Cost
357000
379000
469000
J- .U V^ILIVA -L. \
Capital Cost
110000
110000
278000
JC4 l~ J.VJ11
Annual Co
309000
309000
390000
                     TABLE VII1-2

COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                 INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
              Proposal
Option
A
B
C
Capital Cost
1066000
1400000
1549000
Annual Cost
1233000
1302000
1454000
Capital Cost
596000
577000
534000
Annual Cost
381000
385000
422000
                         2778
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX
                            SECTION IX

                BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
                        CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
This  section  defines  the effluent  characteristics  attainable
through  the application of best practicable  control  technology
currently available (BPT).  BPT reflects the existing performance
by  plants of various sizes,  ages,  and manufacturing  processes
within   the  secondary  silver  subcategory,   as  well  as  the
established   performance   of  the  recommended   BPT   systems.
Particular  consideration  is given to the treatment  already  in
place at plants within the data base.

The factors considered in identifying BPT include the total  cost
of  applying the technology -in relation to the effluent reduction
benefits  from  such  application,   the  age  of  equipment  and
facilities  involved,   the  manufacturing  processes   employed,
nonwater   quality   environmental  impacts   (including   energy
requirements),  and  other  factors the  Administrator  considers
appropriate.  In general, the BPT level represents the average of
the  existing  performances  of plants of  various  ages,  sizes,
processes,  or  other  common  characteristics.   Where  existing
performance is uniformly inadequate,  BPT may be transferred from
a  different  subcategory  or  category.   Limitations  based  on
transfer  of technology are supported by a  rationale  concluding
that the technology is,  indeed,  transferable,  and a reasonable
prediction  that  it will be capable of achieving the  prescribed
effluent limits. BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment rather than
process changes or internal controls, except where such practices
are common within the subcategory.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT

The  Agency studied the nonferrous metals manufacturing  category
to identify the processes used,  the wastewaters  generated,  and
the  treatment  processes installed.   Information was  collected
from  industry  using data collection  portfolios,  and  specific
plants  were sampled and the wastewaters analyzed.   Some of  the
factors   which  must  be  considered  in  establishing  effluent
limitations based on BPT have already been discussed.  The age of
equipment and facilities,  processes used, and raw materials were
taken  into account in subcategorization and subdivision and  are
discussed  fully  in Section IV.   Nonwater quality  impacts  and
energy requirements are considered in Section VIII.

As explained in Section IV,  the secondary silver subcategory has
been subdivided into 11 potential wastewater sources.   Since the
water use, discharge rates, and pollutant characteristics of each
of these wastewaters is potentially unique,  effluent limitations
will be developed for each of the 11 subdivisions.
                               2779
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               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX


 For  each of the subdivisions,  a specific approach was  followed
 for  the  development of BPT mass limitations.   To  account  for
 production  and flow variability from plant to plant,  a unit  of
 production   or  production  normalizing  parameter   (PNP)   was
 determined  for each waste stream which could then be related  to
 the  flow  from the process to determine a production  normalized
 flow.  Selection of the PNP for each process element is discussed
 in  Section  IV.   Each process within the subcategory  was  then
 analyzed  to  determine (1) whether or  not  operations  included
 generated wastewater,  (2) specific flow rates generated,  and (3)
 the specific production normalized flows for each process.    This
 analysis  is  discussed  in  detail  in  Section  V.    Nonprocess
 wastewater, such as rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling water,
 is not considered in the analysis.

 Normalized  flows were analyzed to determine which flow was to be
 used as part of the basis for BPT mass limitations.   The selected
 flow  (sometimes  referred  to as a BPT regulatory  flow  or  BPT
 discharge  rate) reflects the water use controls which are  common
 practices  within the subcategory.    The BPT normalized flow  is
 based  on  the  average  of all  applicable  data.    Plants  with
 normalized  flows  above the average may have to  implement  some
 method, of flow reduction to achieve the BPT limitations.   In most
 cases,  this will involve improving  housekeeping  practices,  better
 maintenance  to limit water leakage,   or reducing  excess flow  by
 turning  down  a  flow valve.    It  is  not   believed   that   these
 modifications would incur  any costs for the plants.

 For   the  development of effluent limitations,   mass   limitations
 were calculated for each wastewater source  or  subdivision.    This
 calculation  was  made on   a  stream-by-stream  basis,  primarily
 because  plants   in this category may perform  one or more of   the
 operations   in  various  combinations.    The  mass    limitations
 (milligrams  of   pollutant   per  troy  ounce  of  production  unit  -
 mg/troy ounce)  were calculated by multiplying  the BPT  normalized
 flow  (1/troy  ounce)  by the achievable  treatment  concentrations
 using    the  BPT  treatment   system  (mg/1)  for  each  pollutant
 parameter  to  be  limited  under BPT.

 The  mass  limitations  which  are allowed  under BPT for each  plant
 will  be  the  sum of  the  individual mass  loadings for the  various
 wastewater    sources   which  are  found  at  particular   plants.
 Accordingly,  all  the  wastewater generated within a plant may  be
 combined  for  treatment in  a single or  common treatment  system,
 but  the effluent  limitations for these  combined wastewaters  are
 based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
 to  the combined  flow.   This method accounts for the variety  of
 combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
may be  found at secondary silver plants.

The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass rather than concentration.   This approach prevents the  use
of  dilution  as- a treatment method (except for controlling  pH).
The  production  normalized wastewater flow (1/troy ounce)   is  a
link   between  the  production  operations  and   the   effluent


                           2780
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              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX


limitations.    The  pollutant  discharge  attributable  to  each
operation can be calculated from the normalized flow and effluent
concentration  achievable by the treatment technology and  summed
to derive an appropriate limitation for each subcategory.

BPT  effluent  limitations  are  based  on  the  average  of  the
discharge flow rates for each source; consequently, the treatment
technologies  which are currently used by the lowest  dischargers
will  be the treatment technologies most likely required to  meet
BPT  guidelines.   Section  VII discusses the  various  treatment
technologies  which  are currently in place for  each  wastewater
source.   In  most  cases,  the  current  treatment  technologies
consist  of  chemical precipitation and sedimentation  (lime  and
settle  technology)  and  a combination of reuse and  recycle  to
reduce  flow.   Ammonia  steam  stripping  is  added  to  streams
containing treatable concentrations of ammonia.

The  overall  effectiveness  of  end-of-pipe  treatment  for  the,
removal  of wastewater pollutants is improved by the  application
of water flow controls within the process to limit the volume  of
wastewater  requiring  treatment.   The  controls  or  in-process
technologies  recommended under BPT include only  those  measures
which  are  commonly practiced within the subcategory  and  which
reduce  flows  to  meet the production normalized flow  for  each
operation.

INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

In balancing costs in relation to effluent removal estimates, EPA
considers  the  volume  and nature of  existing  discharges,  the
volume  and  nature of discharges expected after  application  of
BPT, the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the
cost  and  economic  impacts of the  required  pollution  control
level.  The Act does not require or permit consideration of water
quality  problems  attributable to particular  point  sources .or
industries,  or  water  quality improvements in particular  water
quality bodies.   Accordingly,  water quality considerations were
not  the basis for selecting the proposed BPT.   See Weyerhaeuser
Company v. Costie, 590 F.2d 1011 (D.C. Cir. 1978).

The  methodology for calculating pollutant removal estimates  and
plant  compliance  costs is discussed in Section  X.   Table  X-2
(page  2819) shows the estimated pollutant removal estimates  for
each  treatment option for direct dischargers.  Compliance  costs
are presented in Table VIII-1 (page 2818) for direct dischargers.

BPT OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL

The  proposed best practicable technology consisted  of  chemical
precipitation-and sedimentation (lime and settle technology) with
ammonia  steam  stripping  preliminary treatment  of  wastewaters
containing  treatable  concentrations  of  ammonia.    The   best
practicable  technology is presented schematically in Figure IX-1
(page 2797) of this supplement.
                           2781
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX


Ammonia steam stripping is demonstrated in the nonferrous  metals
manufacturing  category.   Two  plants in the primary  columbium-
tantalum  subcategory  and three plants in the  primary  tungsten
subcategory reported steam stripping in-place.

EPA  believes  that  performance data from  the  iron  and  steel
manufacturing   category   provide  a  valid  measure   of   this
technology's  performance  on  nonferrous  metals   manufacturing
category  wastewater  because  raw wastewater  concentrations  of
ammonia are of the same order of magnitude in the respective  raw
wastewater  matrices.   A detailed discussion of this  technology
transfer  is  found  in Section VII of  Vol. I.

Chemical  analysis  data were collected of raw  waste  (treatment
influent)  and treated waste (treatment effluent) from  one  coke
plant of the iron and steel manufacturing category.  A contractor
for  EPA,  using  EPA sampling and chemical  analysis  protocols,
collected data paired samples in a two-month period.   These data
are  the  data base for determining the effectiveness of  ammonia
steam  stripping technology and are contained within  the  public
record supporting this document.   Ammonia treatment at this coke
plant  consisted  of two steam stripping columns in  series  with
steam  injected  countercurrently to the flow of the  wastewater.
A  lime  reactor for pH adjustment separated  the  two  stripping
columns.

The  raw  untreated  wastewater samples from  the  coke  facility
contained ammonia concentrations of 599,  226, 819, 502, 984, and
797  mg/1.   Raw untreated wastewater samples from the  secondary
silver  subcategory contained ammonia concentrations of 1,202 and
4,630 mg/1.

BPT OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

EPA  is  promulgating  BPT limitations for the  secondary  silver
subcategory  based  on lime precipitation  and  sedimentation  to
remove toxic metals,  control pH, and remove TSS and pretreatment
with steam stripping to reduce ammonia concentrations.    Complete
recycle  of  treated floor and equipment washdown  wastewater  is
also  included.    The end-of-pipe treatment technology basis  for
the BPT limitations being promulgated is the same as that for the
proposed  limitations.   Lime and settle treatment technology  is
currently in place at five direct discharging facilities.

The  Agency  has  collected  data on  secondary  precious  metals
facilities  through data collection portfolios (dcp) so  that  it
may  propose  mass limitations for the secondary precious  metals
subcategory.   Many of the plants in the subcategory overlap with
the secondary silver subcategory.   Review of these dcp,  and the
dcp collected only for the secondary silver subcategory,  has led
the  Agency to revise the  regulatory  flows.   Accordingly,  the
wastewater  streams from film stripping wet air pollution control
and precipitation and filtration of film stripping solutions  wet
air pollution control have been combined into one building block.
Leaching   wet   air  pollution  control  and  precipitation   of


                           2782
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX


nonphotographic  solutions wet air pollution  control  wastewater
sources  have  also been combined into one  building  block.   In
addition,  the  mass  limitations  proposed for  casting  contact
cooling  water  .and casting wet air pollution control  have  been
eliminated.  Analytical  data collected at a  secondary  precious
metals  plant,  demonstrate casting contact cooling water  is  not
sufficiently contaminated to warrant treatment.   Casting wet air
pollution  control  limitations have been eliminated because  the
Agency believes this limitation is duplicated by the furnace  wet
air   pollution   control  limitations  (these   operations   are
identical).  A  flow  allowance  is not provided  for  floor  and
equipment  washdown based on reuse of recycled treatment effluent
as  facility  washdown  water.   In  developing  compliance  cost
estimates, the Agency sized treatment equipment to allow for this
flow.

The  Agency has verified the proposed steam stripping performance
values  using  steam  stripping data collected  at  a  zirconium-
hafnium plant.   Data collected by the plant represent almost two
years  of  daily operations and support the  long-term  mean  and
variability used to establish treatment effectiveness.

Several comments were received (although none were from secondary
silver  plants) stating that ammonia steam stripping  performance
data  transferred  from  the  iron and  steel  category  are  not
appropriate  for  the nonferrous metals  manufacturing  category.
Many  of   the commenters believe plugging of the  column  due  to
precipitates  will severely affect their ability to  achieve  the
promulgated  steam stripping performance values.   In  developing
compliance costs, the Agency designed the steam stripping  module
to allow for a weekly acid cleaning to reduce plugging  problems.
Through  special  information requests, the Agency  attempted  to
gather  data  at plants which stated they could not  achieve  the
proposed   limits.   However, very little data were  submitted  to
support their claims or document column performance.   Therefore,
the Agency has retained the proposed performance, which has  been
validated  with  steam stripping data  from  a  zirconium-hafnium
facility.

The  promulgated BPT will result in the removal of  an  estimated
30,870 kg  of toxic pollutants,  664,000 kg of ammonia,  and 7,750
kg  of  TSS per year from raw discharge  levels.   The  estimated
capital  investment cost of BPT is $110,000 (March,  1982 dollars)
and the estimated annual cost is $309,000  (March,  1982 dollars).
These   costs   represent  wastewater  treatment  equipment   .not
currently  in place.

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES

A BPT discharge rate is calculated for each subdivision based  on
the  average of the flows of  the existing plants,  as  determined
from  analysis of the dcp.    The discharge rate is used with  the
achievable  treatment  concentration  to determine  BPT  effluent
limitations.   Since the discharge rate may be different for each
wastewater source,  separate production normalized discharge rates


                            2783
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER  SUBCATEGORY     SECT -  IX


for  each • of  the  11 wastewater sources are discussed below  and
summarized   in Table IX-1  (page 2789).  The discharge rates  are
normalized   on a  production basis by  relating  the amount  of
wastewater   generated  to  the mass of  the  intermediate  product
which is produced  by the process associated with the  waste stream
in  question.  These production normalizing parameters, or  PNPs,
are also listed in Table IX-1.

Section V of this  supplement further describes the discharge flow
rates  and   presents the water  use and discharge flow rates  for
each plant by  subdivision.

COLLECTION OP  NEW  DATA

In the proposed development document,  separate subdivisions were
identified   for  precipitation  and filtration of  film  stripping
solutions  wet air pollution control,  casting  contact  cooling
water,  casting wet air pollution control,  and precipitation and
filtration   of  nonphotographic solutions  wet  air   pollution
control.   Based   on  new data  gathered from  secondary  precious
metals  dcp  and sampling efforts and re-evaluation   of  existing
data,   these  subdivisions  were  either  combined   with   other
subdivisions   or deleted.  A subdivision for floor and  equipment
washdown was added.

Although  flow and production data were collected from  secondary
precious  metals   dcp  in  the   nonferrous  metals  manufacturing
category,  these   data  were  not used  to  modify  the  proposed
regulatory   flow allowances.    The new data support the  proposed
flow  allowances   and  the Agency did not  receive  any  comments
suggesting   that the allowances  should be revised.   The new flow
data  are  included  in the water use  and  discharge  tables  in
Section   V.    Wastewater   discharge  allowances  for  the   11
subdivisions   of the secondary  silver subcategory  are  discussed
below.

The  regulatory  flow allowance  at proposal for  casting  contact
cooling water  has  been eliminated.  Analytical data collected  at
a  secondary   precious metals plant demonstrate  casting  contact
cooling  water  is  not  sufficiently  contaminated  to   require
treatment.  However, it is possible that toxic pollutants may  be
present in larger  concentrations at any individual plant than the
Agency's  sampling data indicate.  Therefore,  the  permitting  or
controlling  authority  should check for the  presence  of  toxic
pollutants on  a case-by-case basis and determine if they  require
treatment.

FILM STRIPPING

The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal  for film  stripping
was  50.35 1/troy  ounce of silver produced from  film  stripping.
At  proposal,  three plants reported wastewater  discharges  from
film  stripping,   but the dcp data provided by  two  plants  were
insufficient   to   calculate  discharge  rates.    Therefore,   the
discharge rate from one plant was used.


                           2784
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX
 The  BPT  wastewater  discharge  rate  is  50.35  1/troy ounce of  silver
 produced  from film stripping.   The Agency  received no  new  data
 for   this   waste  stream  after  proposal.   Therefore,   the  flow
 allowance  is promulgated as proposed.

 FILM STRIPPING WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL  AND  PRECIPITATION  AND
 FILTRATION OF  FILM  STRIPPING  SOLUTIONS WET  AIR  POLLUTION CONTROL

 The  BPT  wastewater  discharge  rate  at proposal for film  stripping
 wet   air  pollution control  was 0.485   1/troy  ounce   of  silver
 produced from  film  stripping, based on 99 percent recycle.    This
 rate was  allocated only for  plants practicing  wet  air   pollution
 control  for film stripping.   One plant reported this   wastewater,
 recycling   99+ percent.   This plant used the   same scrubber  to
 control  air   emissions  from  film  stripping and   film  stripping
 precipitation.

 The   BPT  wastewater discharge allowance for film  stripping  and
 precipitation   of   film   stripping solutions  wet  air   pollution
 control    is    0.97  1/troy   ounce  of   silver   produced    from
 precipitation   and  filtration  of  film   stripping    solutions.
 Because  the one plant that uses  a wet scrubber  on film   stripping
 also uses  the  same  scrubber  on  the  precipitation   of   film
 stripping   solutions, the Agency believes only  one  allowance  is
 necessary.  This allowance is based on 99 percent recycle of  the
 water use at the one plant.

 PRECIPITATION  AND FILTRATION OF  FILM STRIPPING  SOLUTIONS

 The  BPT  wastewater discharge  rate at proposal for film   stripping
 precipitation  and filtration waste streams  was  50.57 1/troy ounce
 of   silver  precipitated.  Of the six plants with   this  process,
 four  reported producing wastewater.   The proposed  BPT   rate  was
 based  on  the  average  discharge  rate  of  two   plants,  which
 generated  112.7 and 2.31 1/troy ounce.  A  third  plant   reported
 insufficient data to calculate the discharge rate.  Another plant
 reported  this waste stream as a combination of photographic  and
 nonphotographic  wastewater;   therefore,   this  plant  also   was
 omitted  from the calculation.

 The   BPT   wastewater  discharge  rate   at   promulgation   for
precipitation and filtration of film stripping solutions is 57.57
 1/troy  ounce of silver precipitated.   Since proposal,  data  from
plant    74   were  clarified  and  a   flow  was   attributed   to
precipitation  of photographic film.   The discharge rate at  this
plant  is below the proposed allowance.   The Agency  received  no
 new  data  or  comments suggesting that  the  proposed   allowance
 should be changed.   Water use  and wastewater discharge  rates  are
presented in Table V-3 (page 2718).
                           2785
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS

The   BPT   wastewater  discharge  rate  at  proposal   for   the
precipitation  and filtration of photographic solutions was  26.6
1/troy ounce of silver precipitated.  Of the 15 plants  reporting
this  process  at  proposal/ nine  discharged  wastewater.   Four
plants  did  not provide sufficient data to  calculate  discharge
rates.  The discharge rates for the five other plants ranged from
1.6 to 89.9 1/troy ounce.  The proposed BPT rate was based on the
average of the discharge rates of these five plants.

The BPT wastewater discharge rate is 26.6 1/troy ounce of  silver
precipitated.   This  is equivalent to  the  proposed  allowance.
Data  from  plant 74, which precipitates  silver  from  solutions
resulting  from photographic sludges, were added since  proposal.
However,  these data support the proposed allowance.  The  Agency
received  no new data demonstrating that the  proposed  allowance
should  be  changed.  The distribution  of  wastewater  discharge
rates is presented in Table V-4 (page 2719).

PRECIPITATION  AND  FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS WET  AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL

The  BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for  precipitation
and  filtration  of  photographic  solutions  wet  air  pollution
control was 12.14 1/troy ounce of silver precipitated.  This rate
was allocated only to plants having wet air pollution control for
precipitation  and filtration of photographic solutions.  Of  the
15  plants that reported this process at proposal, four used  wet
air pollution control devices.  Three of the four plants did  not
report  sufficient production data to calculate a discharge  rate
for this waste stream, although sufficient data were reported  to
determine  recycle  practices.  One of the four  plants  achieved
zero  discharge  of this waste stream through  complete  recycle,
while  two plants practiced 99 percent recycle or  greater.   The
fourth  plant  recycled  68  percent  of  its  precipitation  and
filtration  of photographic solutions wet air  pollution  control
water.  Thus, extensive recycle is possible for  this  wastewater
stream.  However, zero discharge may not be technically  feasible
unless  a recycle system controls dissolved solids  buildup,  the
wastewater  is  evaporated, or this wastewater can be  reused  in
another  production  operation  that can  accept  water  of  this
quality.   Some of these zero-discharge possibilities  are  site-
specific  and,  therefore,  are not applicable  to  all  secondary
silver  pollutants that generate this wastewater.   Therefore,   a
BPT wastewater discharge rate was allocated for precipitation and
filtration  of photographic solutions wet air pollution  control.
This discharge rate was based on 99 percent recycle of the  water
used  for precipitation and filtration of photographic  solutions
wet air pollution control at the only plant for which a discharge
rate  could  be determined.  In the absence of  other  data,  the
Agency  normally bases limits on 90 percent recycle  of  scrubber
discharges; however, the plant that the discharge rate was  based
on recycled 99.9 percent of this wastewater, and two other plants
practiced  99 and 100 percent recycle.   Thus 99  percent  recycle


                           2786
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX


represented  current subcategory practices for precipitation  and
filtration  of photographic solutions wet air  pollution  control
water.

The   BPT  wastewater  discharge  rate  for   precipitation   and
filtration of photographic solutions wet air pollution control is
12.14 1/troy ounce of silver precipitated.  This is equivalent to
the  proposed  allowance.  Data from plant 74  were  added  since
proposal.   However, the scrubber at this plant is used over  the
film  stripping  and film stripping precipitation  operations  as
well as the precipitation of photographic solutions process.  For
this  reason,  it  was  not  considered  representative  of  this
subdivision and was not used to revise the regulatory  allowance.
The  Agency received no new data demonstrating that the  proposed
flow  allowance  should  be revised.  Water  use  and  wast'ewater
discharge rates are presented in Table V-6 (page 2722).

ELECTROLYTIC REFINING

The  BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal  for  electrolytic
refining  was  0.76 1/troy ounce of silver refined.   Of  the  20
plants reporting electrolytic refining operations at proposal, 12
produced  wastewater.  Four plants reported insufficient data  to
calculate   discharge  rates.   Data  from  seven  plants,   with
discharge rates ranging from 0.068 to 1.97 1/troy ounce were used
to  calculate the BPT rate.  Only one plant practiced recycle  of
this wastewater and achieved zero discharge by 100 percent reuse.

The  promulgated  BPT wastewater discharge rate for  electrolytic
refining  is  0.76  1/troy ounce  of  silver  refined.   This  is
equivalent  to the proposed allowance.   New data received by the
Agency  after  proposal  support  this  allowance.    The  Agency
believes  there  is no reason to change  the  proposed  allowance
based  on the data received.   The water use and discharge  rates
are presented in Table V-7 (page 2723).

FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for the furnace air
wet  scrubbing  stream was 0.67 1/troy ounce of  silver  smelted,
roasted,  or  dried.   This rate was allocated  only  for  plants
practicing  wet  air  pollution control  for  furnace  emissions.
Emissions  from furnace operations are controlled by dry  or  wet
control  devices.   Common dry methods involve baghouses  or  dry
electrostatic  precipitators.   Wet devices include  packed  bed,
spray,    and   Venturi   scrubbers,.   and   wet    electrostatic
precipitators.  Of the 19 plants reporting furnace air  pollution
control  at  proposal, 11 produced waste streams.  Seven  of  the
eleven  plants  achieved  zero  discharge  through  100   percent
recycle.   Two  of  the four plants that  discharged  this  waste
stream  practiced 99 percent recycle or greater, while one  plant
used  a  once-through  operation.  The remaining  plant  did  not
report production or wastewater flow data for this waste  stream.
The  proposed BPT discharge rate was based on 99 percent  recycle
of the average water use at the three plants for which  discharge


                           2787         . .   .
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER  SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX


rates were determined.  The  99  percent  recycle basis  represented
current  subcategory  practices since nine of the  eleven  plants
that produced this waste stream recycled 99 percent or greater.

The  BPT wastewater discharge rate for  furnace wet air  pollution
control  is  0.67  1/troy ounce of silver  smelted,  roasted,  or
dried.   This is equivalent  to  the proposed BPT  allowance.   The
Agency  received new data from  one plant with this waste  stream.
These  data  support the proposed allowance.  The water  use  and
wastewater  discharge rates  are shown in Table V-9  (page  2732).
There  are  no new data demonstrating   that  proposed  allowances
should be changed.  This allowance also includes the casting  wet
air  pollution control allowance which  was proposed.   These  two
operations  were identical and  two allowances are not  justified.
Plants having smelting furnaces and casting furnaces use the same
scrubber on both operations  (e.g., plant 553).

LEACHING

The   BPT   discharge   rate  at   proposal   for   plants   with
nonphotographic  leaching  processes was 0.086  1/troy  ounce  of
silver  produced  from  leaching.  Of the 15  plants  using  this
process  at  proposal,  12  discharged  wastewater.   Six  plants
supplied  sufficient  information to calculate  discharge  rates.
Three  plants with once-through discharge had rates ranging  from
0.068 to 0.11 1/troy ounce.  The proposed BPT rate was an average
of  the  discharge from these three plants.   Three  other  once-
through  dischargers  reported  rates ranging from  2.7  to  635.2
1/troy  ounce.   The rates from these three plants  were  omitted
from  the  BPT rate calculation because there was  no  reason  to
believe that water is needed in these amounts, in light of  rates
from the other plants.

The  BPT wastewater discharge rate for leaching is  0.086  1/troy
ounce  of silver produced from  leaching.  This is  equivalent  to
the  proposed allowance.  Since proposal it was  determined  that
the  wastewater reported at plant 549 for leaching  was  actually
precipitation of nonphotographic solutions wastewater.   This  did
not affect the regulatory flow  because this plant was not used to
calculate  the  proposed allowance.  Data from a  plant  received
after proposal support the proposed allowance.  The  distribution
of wastewater discharge rates is shown in Table V-10 (page 2733).
The  Agency  received  no data  demonstrating  that  the  proposed
allowances should be revised.

LEACHING   WET  AIR  POLLUTION  CONTROL  AND   PRECIPITATION   OF
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for nonphotographic
leaching  wet scrubbing was 4.43 1/troy ounce of silver  produced
from leaching.  This rate was allocated only for plants using wet
air pollution control on leaching processes.   At proposal,   three
plants  achieved  zero discharge through 100 percent  recycle  or
reuse.  The recycle in seven additional plants ranged from 65  to
99+  percent, four of those using at least 99 percent.    Some  of


                           2788
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX


the  zero discharge possibilities were site-specific and are  not
applicable  on  a nationwide basis.  The proposed  BPT  discharge
rate was based on the average of five plants with discharge rates
ranging  from 0.014 to. 1,1.3 1/troy ounce.  Insufficient  data_ to
calculate a discharge rate were reported from three of the  eight
discharging plants.

The  BPT wastewater discharge allowance is 4.43 1/troy  ounce  of
silver  produced  from leaching or silver precipitated.  This  is
equivalent  to  the  proposed  allowance.   This  allowance  also
replaces   the   proposed   allowance   for   precipitation    of
nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control.  The  Agency
determined that the same scrubbers were used over both  processes
(leaching   and  precipitation)  and  two  allowances  were   not
justified.    Water  use  and  wastewater  discharge  rates   are
presented in Table V-ll (page 2734).  The Agency received no_ new
data demonstrating that the proposed allowance should be revised.
The  one  plant submitting data for this scrubber  subsequent  to
proposal practices 100 percent recycle.

PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS

The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for nonphotographic
precipitation  and  filtration was 3.07 1/troy  ounce  of  silver
precipitated.  Of the nine plants using this process at proposal,
two  produced no wastewater.  Three plants supplied  insufficient
information to calculate discharge rates.  Four plants were once-
through  dischargers with rates ranging from 0.42 to 78.6  1/troy
ounce.  The proposed BPT discharge rate was based on the  average
discharge rate, of three of these plants.  The plant with the  78.6
1/troy ounce rate was not considered in the average because   this
discharge  rate  was nearly ten times that of  the  next  highest
plant.

The  BPT wastewater discharge allowance at promulgation  is   3.07
1/troy  ounce of silver precipitated.  This is equivalent to  the
proposed allowance.  The Agency received  revised or new data  from
18 plants.   The water use and wastewater  discharge  rates  are
presented in Table V-12  (page  2735).  After excessive water users
are  discarded,  the data support  the  proposed  allowance.   The
Agency  believes   there   is  no reason   to  revise  the  proposed
allowance.      ,

FLOOR AND EQUIPMENT WASHDOWN

No BPT  wastewater  discharge allowance will be provided for   floor
and equipment  washdown.   Many  plants  generate this  wastewater
while  recovering silver  contained in  spills and  leaks of  process
solutions.    Plants usually precipitate  the silver  by cementation
before  discharging the wastewater.  The  Agency believes that  this
wastewater  can  be  reused as washdown  water after toxic metals and
 total  suspended solids  removal  during  treatment.  The  compliance
 costs   for  the  treatment  system reflect  the  additional  capacity
 and  equipment  needed  to achieve  complete recycle of   this   waste
 stream.


                            2789
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

The  raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and
the  subcategory  as  a whole were  examined  to  select  certain
pollutant  parameters  for  limitation.    This  examination  and
evaluation   was  presented  in  Section  VI.    Five   pollutant
parameters  are selected for limitation under BPT and are  listed
below:

     120.  copper
     128.  zinc
           ammonia (N)
           total suspended solids (TSS)
           pH


The concentrations achievable by application of the proposed  BPT
treatment  are explained in Section VII of this  supplement.  The
achievable  treatment  concentrations  (both one-day  maximum  and
monthly  average  values) are multiplied by  the  BPT  normalized
discharge flows summarized in Table IX-1 (page 2791) to calculate
the  mass  of  pollutants allowed to be discharged  per  mass  of
product.   The  results of these calculations  in  milligrams  of
pollutant  per troy ounce of product represent the  BPT  effluent
limitations and are presented in Table IX-2 (page 2793) for  each
individual waste stream.
                               2790
-------
                                           Table IX-1

              BPT WASTEWATER  DISCHARGE RATES  FOR THE  SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
Ni
             Wastewater  Stream
   Film stripping
'ilm stripping wet air pollution
 control and precipitation and
 filtration of  film stripping
 solutions wet  air pollution
 control
   Precipitation and filtration of film
     stripping solutions

   Precipitation and filtration of photo-
     graphic solutions

   Precipitation and filtration of photo-
     graphic solutions wet air pollution
     control

   Electrolytic refining


   Furnace wet air pollution control
BPT Normalized
Discharge Rate

 1/troy ounce

     50.35



      0.97
                                              57.57


                                              26.6


                                              12.14



                                                0.76


                                                0.67
Production
Normalizing
 Parameter

troy ounces of
silver produced
from film stripping

troy ounces of
silver produced
from precipitation
and filtration of
film stripping
solutions

troy ounces of
silver precipitated

troy ounces of
silver precipitated

troy ounces of
silver precipitated
                              troy ounces of
                              silver refined

                              troy ounces of
                              silver smelted,
                              roasted, or dried
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-------
              SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY
                                                                  SECT
                                                               IX
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-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                SECT - IX
                           TABLE IX-2

  BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY

(a)  Film Stripping  BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
                   Maximum for
                   Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
           mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
144.500
105.200
17.120
22.150
95.660
21.150
96.670
61.930
20.640
103.200
73.510
6712.000
2064.000
Within the range of 7.5
64.450
46.830
7.553
9.063
50.350
10.070
63.950
27.690
8.560
45,209
30.710
2951.000
981.800
to 10.0 at all times
(b)  Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
     and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
     Control
BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
                   Maximum for
                   Any One Day
Maximum for.
Monthly Average
  mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
                    film stripping solutions
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
                       2.784
                       2.027
                       0.330
                       0.427
                       1.843
                       0.407
                       1.862
                       1.193
                       0.398
                       1.988
                       1.416
                     129.300
                      39.770
  1.242
  0.902
  0.146
  0.175
  0.970
  0.194
  1.232
  0.534
  0.165
  0.883
  0.592
 56.840
 18.920
      Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                           2793
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
             SECT
   IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

   BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY

(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions  BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
165.230
120.320
19.570
25.330
109.400
24.180
110.500
70.810
23.600
118.000
84.050
7674.000
2360.000
Within the range of 7.5
73.690
53.540
8.636
10.360
57.570
11.510
73.110
31.660
9.787
52.390
35.120
3374.000
1123.000
to 10.0 at all times
(d) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions  BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average

Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as
*TSS
*pH
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
76.340
55.590
0.044
11.700
50.540
11.170
51.070
32.720
10.910
54.530
38.840

34.050
24.740
3.990
4.788
26.600
5.320
33.780
14.630
4.522
24.210
16.230
N) 3546.000 1559.000
1091.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
518.700
at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                           2794
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER  SUBCATEGORY
                             SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2  (Continued)

   BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR  THE SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY

    Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
    Wet Air Pollution Control  BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
                Maximum for
                Any  One Day
Maximum  for
Monthly  Average
  mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
                     photographic solutions
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
  34
  25
   4
   5
  23
   5
  23
  14
   4
  24
  17
1618
 497
                     .840
                     .370
                     .128
                     .342
                     .070
                     .099
                     .310
                     .930
                     .977
                     .890
                     .720
                     .000
                     .700
 15.540
 11.290
  1.821
  2.185
 12.140
  2.428
 15.420
  6.677
  2.064
 11.050
  7.405
711.400
236.700
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(f) Electrolytic Refining  BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
               Maximum for
               Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
                   2.181
                   1.588
                   0.258
                   0.334
                   1.444
                   0.319
                   1.459
                   0.935
                   0.312
                   1.558
                   1.110
                 101.310
                  31.160
  0.973
  0.707
  0.114
  0.137
  0.760
  0.152
  0.965
  0.418
  0.129
  0.692
  0.646
 44.540
 14.820
Within the range of 7.5 bo 10.0 at all times
''Regulated Pollutant
                           2795
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                             SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

   BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY

(g) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control  BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
                Maximum for
                Any One Day
            Maximum for
            Monthly Average
        mg/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted or dried
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
                    1.923
                    1.400
                    0.228
                    0.295
                    1.273
                    0.281
                    1.286
                    0.824
                    0.275
                    1.374
                    0.978
                    89.310
                    27.470
               0 858
               0.623
               0.101
               0.121
               0.670
               0.134
               0.851
               0.369
               0.114
               0.610
               0.409
              39.260
              13.070
 Within  the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0  at  all  times
 (h) Leaching  BPT
Pollutant  or
Pollutant   Property
                 Maximum for
                 Any One Day
             Maximum for
             Monthly Average
          mg/troy ounce  of  silver  produced  from leaching
  Antimony
  Arsenic
  Cadmium
  Chromium
 *Copper
  Lead
  Nickel
  Selenium
  Silver
  Thallium
 *Zinc
 *Ammonia (as N)
 *TSS
 *pH
                     0.247
                     1.180
                     0.029
                      .038
                      .163
                      .036
                      .165
                     0.106
                     0.035
                     0.176
                     0.126
                    11.460
                     3.526
0,
0
0
0
0.110
0.080
0.013
0.015
0.086
0.017
0.109
0.047
0.015
0.078
0.052
5.040
1.677
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 *Regulated Pollutant
                            2796
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBGATEGORY
             SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

   BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY

(i) Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
    Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy oz. of silver produced from leaching or silver precipitated
Ant imony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
12.710
9.259
1.506
; 1.949
8.417
1.861
8.506
5.449
1.816
9.082
6.468
590.500
181.600
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
5.670
4.120
0.665
0.797 .
4.430
0.886
5.626
2.437
0.753
4.031
2.702
259.600
86.390
at all times
(j) Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
    Solutions  BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammbnia (as N)
*TSS
*pH Within the
8.811
6.416
1.044
1.351
5.833
1.289
5.894
3.776
1.259
6.293
4.482
409.200
125.900
range of 7.5 to 10.0
3.930
2.855
0.461
0.553
3.070
0.614
3.899
1.689
0.522
2.794
1.873
170.900
59.870
, at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                           2797
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                               SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

   BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY

(k) Floor and Equipment Washdown Water  BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
                  Maximum for
                  Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
mg/troy ounce of silver production

                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
                      0.000          0.000
   Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                           2798
-------
SECONDARY SILVE&t SUBCATEGORY
                                 SECT - IX
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                     2799
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX
 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
             2800
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBC&TEGORY    SECT - X



                            SECTION X


        BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
These  effluent  limitations are based on the  best  control  and
treatment  technology used by a specific point source within  the
industrial  category or subcategory, or by another category  from
which  the  technology  is transferable. Emphasis  is  placed  on
additional  treatment  techniques  applied  at  the  end  of  the
treatment  systems  currently used, as well as reduction  of  the
amount  of  water  used  and  discharged,  process  control,  and
treatment technology optimization.

The  factors  considered in assessing best  available  technology
economically  achievable  (BAT) include the age of equipment  and
facilities involved,  the process used, process changes, nonwater
quality  environmental impacts (including  energy  requirements),
and the costs of application of such technology. BAT may  include
feasible  process changes or internal controls, even when not  in
coramon practice.

The  statutory  assessment of BAT considers costs,  but does  not
require a balancing of costs against effluent reduction benefits.
However,  in  assessiag  BAT,  the Agency has  given  substantial
weight to the economic achievability of the technology.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT

The  Agency  reviewed  a wide range  of  technology  options  and
evaluated  the  available possibilities to ensure that  the  most
effective  and beneficial technologies were used as the basis  of
BAT.   To  accomplish this,  the Agency elected to examine  three
technology options which could be applied to the secondary silver
subcategory  as  alternatives  for  the  basis  of  BAT  effluent
limitations.

For  the development of BAT effluent limitations,  mass  loadings
were  calculated for each waste^ater source or subdivision in the
subcategory  using  the same technical approach as  described  in
Section IX for BPT limitations development.   The differences  in
the  mass loadings for BPT and BAT are due to increased treatment
effectiveness   achievable   with  the  more  sophisticated   BAT
treatment  technology  and  reductions  in  the  effluent   flows
allocated to various waste streams.
                               2801
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X


In  summary,   the  treatment  technologies  considered  for  the
secondary silver subcategory are:

Option A (Figure X-l, page 2818) is based on

     o  Preliminary treatment of precipitation and filtration of
        photographic  solutions  wastewater  with  ammonia  steam
        stripping
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
        wastewater after treatment

Option B (Figure X-2, page 2819) is based on

     o  In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
        water
     o  Preliminary treatment of precipitation and filtration of
        photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
        stripping
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
        wastewater after treatment

Option C (Figure X-3, page 2820) is based on

     o  In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
        water
     o  Preliminary treatment of precipitation and filtration of
        photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
        stripping
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
        wastewater after treatment
     o  Multimedia filtration

The  three  options  examined for BAT are  discussed  in  greater
detail below.  The first option considered is the same as the BPT
treatment technology which was presented in the previous section.

OPTION A

Option  A for the secondary silver subcategory is  equivalent  to
the  control  and treatment technologies which were analyzed  for
BPT in Section IX.  The BPT end-of-pipe treatment scheme includes
chemical precipitation, and sedimentation (lime and settle), with
preliminary   treatment   of  precipitation  and  filtration   of
photographic  solutions wastewater with ammonia  steam  stripping
(see  Figure  X-l).    Complete  recycle  of  treated  floor  and
equipment  washdown wastewater is also included.   The  discharge
rates  for Option A are equal to the discharge rates allocated to
each stream as a BPT discharge flow.
                            2802
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X
OPTION B
Option  B  for the secondary silver  subcategory  achieves  lower
pollutant  discharge by building,upon the Option A  (ammonia steam
stripping,  chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and recycle of
treated  floor  and  equipment  washdown  wastewater)   treatment
technology.   Flow  reduction measures are added to the Option  A
treatment   scheme  (see  Figure  X-2).    These  flow  reduction
measures, including in-process changes,, result in the elimination
of some wastewater streams and the concentration of pollutants in
other  effluents.   As  explained in Section VII of  the  General
Development Document,  treatment of a more concentrated  effluent
allows  achievement  of  a  greater  net  pollutant  removal  and
introduces   the  possible  economic  benefits  associated   with
treating a lower volume of wastewater.

Option  B  flow  reduction  measures are  reflected  in  the  BAT
wastewater discharge rates.   Flow reduction has been included in
determining the BAT discharge rates for furnace wet air pollution
control.   Based on available data,  the Agency did not feel that
further  flow  reduction  over  BPT would  be  feasible  for  the
remaining 10 waste streams in the secondary silver subcategory.

Flow  reduction  measures  used  in Option B  to  reduce  process
wastewater generation or discharge rates include the following:

There  are  four  wastewater  sources  associated  with  wet  air
pollution  control  which  are  regulated  under  these  effluent
limitations:

     1.  Film stripping scrubber and precipitation of film
         stripping solutions scrubber,
     2.  Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
         scrubber,
     3.  Furnace scrubber, and
     4.  Leaching and precipitation of nonphotographic solutions
         scrubber.

Table  X-l  (page 2818) presents the number of  plants  reporting
wastewater  with  the wet air pollution  control  sources  listed
above, the number of plants practicing recycle,  and the range  of
recycle  values  being  listed.    Complete  recycle  of   furnace
scrubber  water  will  be required for BAT.  The  Agency  is  not
requiring further flow reduction at BAT for the  remaining wet air
pollution control waste streams.

OPTION C

Option  C  for the secondary silver subcategory  consists  of  all
control  and treatment requirements of Option B  (in-process  flow
reduction,   ammonia  steam  stripping,   chemical  precipitation,
sedimentation,   and  recycle  of  treated  floor  and  equipment
washdown  wastewater)  plus multimedia filtration technology added
at  the  end of the Option B treatment scheme (see  Figure  X-3).
Multimedia  filtration - is  used  to  remove  suspended   solids,


                           2803
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X


including precipitates of toxic metals,  beyond the concentration
attainable by gravity sedimentation.   The filter suggested is of
the gravity,  mixed media type,  although other filters,  such as
rapid   sand   filters  or  pressure   filters,   would   perform
satisfactorily.

As one means of evaluating each technology option,  EPA developed
estimates  of the pollutant removal estimates and the  compliance
costs  associated  with  each  option.   The  methodologies   are
described below.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

A  complete description of the methodology used to calculate  the
estimated  pollutant removals achieved by the application of  the
various  treatment options is presented in Section X of  Vol.  I.
The  pollutant removal estimates have been revised from  proposal
based  on  comments and new data. However,  the  methodology  for
calculating  pollutant removals was not changed.  The  data  used
for estimating removals are the same as those used to revise  the
compliance costs.

Sampling  data  collected during the field sampling program  were
used  to  characterize  the major waste  streams  considered  for
regulation.   At  each sampled facility,  the sampling data  were
production  normalized  for each unit operation  (i.e.,  mass  of
pollutant  generated  per mass of  product  manufactured).   This
value,  referred  to as the raw waste,  was used to estimate  the
mass  of  toxic pollutants generated within the secondary  silver
subcategory.  By multiplying the total subcategory production for
a unit operation by the corresponding raw waste value,   the  mass
of pollutant generated for that unit operation was estimated.

The volume of wastewater discharged after the application of each
treatment  option was estimated for each operation at each  plant
by  comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory  flow.    The
smaller  of the two values was selected and summed with the other
plant flows.  The mass of pollutant discharged was then estimated
by multiplying the achievable concentration values attainable  by
the  option (mg/1) by the estimated volume of process  wastewater
discharged by the subcategory.   The mass of pollutant  removed is
simply  the  difference between the estimated mass  of   pollutant
generated  within  the  subcategory  and the  mass  of   pollutant
disci.-irged  after  application  of  the  treatment  option.    The
pollutant  removal  estimates  for  direct  dischargers  in   the
secondary  silver  subcategory are presented in Table  X-2  (page
2819).

COMPLIANCE COSTS

Compliance costs presented at proposal were estimated using   cost
curves,   which   related   the  total  costs   associated   with
installation  and operation of wastewater treatment   technologies
to plant process wastewater discharge.  EPA applied  these  curves
on  a  per  plant basis,  a plant's costs  —  both  capital,   and


                           2804
-------
               SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY     SECT -  X


 operating  and maintenance  --- being determined by  what  treatment
 it   has  in  place  and  by its   individual   process  wastewater
 discharge  (from dcp). The final step was  to annualize the  capital
 costs, and to  sum the annualized capital  costs, and the operating
 and  maintenance costs,  yielding the cost of compliance for   the
 subcategory. Since proposal, the cost estimation methodology   has
 been changed as discussed in Section VIII of this  document and in
 Section  VIII  of  Vol.  I. A  design  model   and   plant-specific
 information  were used to size a wastewater treatment system   for
 each discharging  facility.   After completion  of  the  design,
 capital  and   annual costs  were estimated for  each unit  of   the
 wastewater  treatment system.  Capital costs were  developed from
 vendor  quotes and annual costs were developed from   literature.
 The  revised compliance costs are presented in  Table VIII-1 (paqe
 2776).                                         ,

 BAT  OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL                             ,

 At proposal, EPA selected both Option B and Option  C  as, the basis
 for  alternative BAT effluent limitations for the'secondary silver
 subcategory  due to adverse structural economic changes  that   the
 Agency  suspected  were  not reflected in the  Agency's  proposed
 economic analysis.   These alternative limitations  were  based  on
 ammonia
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X


technology.   In  addition,  filtration  is  demonstrated  at  11
secondary  silver facilities.   The estimated capital  investment
cost of the promulgated BAT is $278,000 (March, 1982 dollars) and
the annual cost is $390,000 (March, 1982 dollars).

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES

A  BAT  discharge rate was calculated for each subdivision  based
upon  the  flows  of the  existing  plants,  as  determined  from
analysis  of the data collection portfolios.   The discharge rate
is used with the achievable treatment concentration to  determine
BAT  effluent  limitations.   Since  the discharge  rate  may  be
different   for  each  wastewater  source,   separate  production
normalized discharge rates for each of the 11 wastewater  sources
were determined and are summarized in Table X-3 (page 2810).  The
discharge rates are normalized on a production basis by  relating
the   amount  of  wastewater  generated  to  the  mass   of   the
intermediate product which is produced by the process  associated
with the waste stream in question.  These production  normalizing
parameters (PNP) are also listed in Table X-3.

As discussed previously, the BAT wastewater discharge rate equals
the BPT wastewater discharge rate for 10 of the 11 waste  streams
in  the  secondary silver subcategory.   Based on  the  available
data,  the  Agency did not feel that further flow reduction would
be feasible for these wastewater sources.  Wastewater streams for
which BAT discharge rates differ from BPT are discussed below.

FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

No  BAT wastewater discharge allowance was provided  for  furnace
wet air pollution control at proposal.   This rate applies to all
air  pollution  control of furnace operations and  was  based  on
complete  recycle of wastewater.   Since 15 of the 19 plants with
furnace air pollution control did not discharge water,  including
plants with wet scrubber systems,  the Agency believed that  zero
discharge  is  feasible  for  all secondary  silver  furnace  air
pollution control.

No BAT wastewater discharge allowance is provided for furnace wet
air  pollution  control for promulgation.   Only five of  the  19
plants  with  furnace air pollution control  currently  discharge
wastewater.   The Agency believes,  as it did at  proposal,  that
zero  discharge is feasible for all secondary silver furnace  air
pollution  control.   No  comments were received challenging  the
Agency's conclusion.

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

In  implementing  the terms of the Consent Agreement in  NRDC  v.
Train,  Op.  Cit., and 33 U.S.C. (l314(b)(2)(A and B) (1976), the
Agency placed particular emphasis on the toxic  pollutants.   The
raw  wastewater concentrations from individual operations and the
subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain  pollutant
parameters  for consideration for limitation.   This  examination


                           2806
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                  SECT - X
and  evaluation,  presented  in Section  VI,  concluded  that  26
pollutants  and  pollutant  parameters are present  in  secondary
silver  wastewaters  at concentrations than  can  be  effectively
reduced by identified treatment technologies.   (Refer to Section
VI.)

However,  the  cost  associated  with analysis  for  toxic  metal
pollutants  has prompted EPA to develop an alternative method for
regulating  and  monitoring toxic pollutant discharges  from  the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category.  Rather than developing
specific effluent mass limitations and standards for each of  the
toxic  metals  found  in  treatable  concentrations  in  the  raw
wastewaters from a given subcategory,  the Agency is promulgating
effluent  mass limitations only for those pollutants generated in
the  greatest  quantities  as  shown  by  the  pollutant  removal
estimates  analysis.    The  pollutants  selected  for   specific
limitation are listed below:

     120.  copper
     128.  zinc
           ammonia

By  establishing limitations and standards for certain toxic metal
pollutants,  dischargers  will attain the same degree of  control
over  toxic metal pollutants as they would have been required  to
achieve had all the toxic metal pollutants been directly limited.

This  approach  is  justified  technically   since  the  treatable
concentrations  used  for  lime precipitation  and  sedimentation
technology  are  based  on optimized  treatment  for  concomitant
multiple metals removal.  Thus, even though  metals have  somewhat
different theoretical solubilities, they will be removed at  very
nearly  the same rate in a lime precipitation  and  sedimentation
treatment   system   operated  for   multiple   metals   removal.
Filtration as part of the technology basis  is likewise  justified
because this technology removes metals non-preferentially.

The  toxic metal pollutants selected for specific  limitation  in
the  secondary  silver subcategory  to control the  discharges  of
toxic  metal  pollutants are copper and  zinc.   Ammonia  is  also
selected  for limitation since the  methods  used to control copper
and zinc  are not effective  in  the control of ammonia.

The  following  toxic pollutants are excluded from  limitation  on
the basis that  they are effectively controlled by  the  limitations
developed for copper and  zinc:
      114.
      115.
      118.
      119.
      122.
      124.
      125.
      126.
antimony
arsenic
cadmium
chromium
lead
nickel
selenium
silver
                            2807
-------
                SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                   SECT  -  X
       127.   thallium

  The   Agency  believes   that  the  organic   pollutants   in    this
  subcategory  are present only in trace  (deminimus  quantities)  and
  are   neither  causing   nor   likely  to  cause   toxic    effects.
  Therefore,   the  following   organic pollutants  are excluded   from
  .Limitation:
         4.
         6.
       10.
       11.
       29.
       30.
       38.
       84.
       85.
       86.
       87.
benzene
carbon tetrachloride
1,2-dichloroethane
1,1,1-tr ichloroethane
1,1-dichloroethylene
1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
ethylbenzene
pyrene
tetrachloroethylene
toluene
trichloroethylene, and
total phenols (by 4-AAP method)
 Cyanide  was  present  in the  secondary  silver  subcategory  in
 certain  waste streams at concentrations that can be  effectively
 reduced   by   identified  treatment   technologies.    Treatable
 concentrations   of  cyanide  were  found  in  one   photographic
 materials  plant and one nonphotographic materials  plant.   Five
 ™fn?£!nt _pr?0esf J?aste streams were  sampled;  four  contained
 cyanide  at  treatable concentrations,  in six of  nine  samples.
 However,  at  proposal,  when  waste streams  were  combined  for
 treatment,  cyanide  was  found  at a  concentration  below  that
 achievable    by   identified   treatment    technology.      This
 determination was made by comparing the raw (untreated)  wasteload
 and  treated  discharge  estimates  presented  in  the  pollutant
 removal estimates.   Cyanide  was thus excluded from limitation.

 For promulgation,  cyanide is not chosen as a regulated  pollutant
 parameter  on a  subcategory-wide  basis for  the  secondary   silver
 mass  limitations.    However,   secondary  silver  plants   process
 plating solutions,   which may contain cyanide,   to recover silver
 contained in the  solution.    Cyanide is present  due  to its use  as
 a   process  chemical  in   plating  operations.     The  permitting
 authority  should check for  the presence  of  cyanide  in this  waste
 stream  and  develop  discharge  limitations   if  necessary.    A
 discharge  allowance  can be   developed  by   locating the   flow
 allowance  for  precipitation  and filtration   of  n6nphotographic
 solutions  at BPT and  BAT in  Sections  IX  and  X,  respectively,   of
 the    secondary   silver   supplemental   development   document.
 Treatment   performance  for cyanide  precipitation is presented   in
 Section   VII of the  General Development Document.  The discharqe
 allowance   (or  mass   limitation)   is  the  product  of  the  flow
 allowance and the treatment performance.

 EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

The  treatable concentrations, achievable by application  of  the
                               2808
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X


BAT  technology (Option C) are summarized in Section VII of  this
supplement. These treatable concentrations (both one day  maximum
and  monthly  average)  are  multiplied  by  the  BAT  normalized
discharge flows summarized in Table X-3 (page 2810) to  calculate
the  mass  of  pollutants allowed to be discharged  per  mass  of
product.   The  results of these calculations  in  milligrams  of
pollutant  per troy ounce of product represent the  BAT  effluent
limitations  for  the  secondary  silver  subcategory.   The  BAT
effluent limitations are presented in Table X-4 (page 2811).
                                2809
-------
                                              Table X-1

                  CURRENT RECYCLE PRACTICES WITHIN THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
to
00
                                          Number of Plants
                                          with Wastewater
Film stripping and precipitation
 of film stripping solutions
 scrubber

Photographic solution precipi-
 tation and filtration scrubber

Furnace scrubber

Leaching and precipitation of
 nonphotographic solutions
 scrubber
                                                     Number of Plants
                                                    Practicing Recycle
                                                                     1
11
13
7
8
   Range
 of Recycle
 Values (%)

    99+
99.93 - 100


99.7  - 100

99    - 100
O
O
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CO

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-------
                                                Table X-2

         POLLUTANT  REMOVAL  ESTIMATES  FOR SECONDARY  SILVER  DIRECT DISCHARGERS
POLLUTANT
Arsenic
Antimony
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Sliver
Thallium
Copper
Zinc
to .
°9 TOTAL TOXIC METALS
I—1
Ammonia
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
FLOW (1/yr)
TOTAL
RAW WASTE
(kg/yr)
6.2
7.0
7.6
87.1
112.8
126.6
9.0
6.9
0.5
224.2
31,125.3
31 ,713.3
691,477.2
691,477.2
17,999.2
17,999.2
741,189.7

OPTION A
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
6.2
7.0
7.6
71.7
102.5
126.6
9.0
6.9
0.5
224.2
281.8
844.1
27,323.2
27.323.2
10,246.2
10,246.2
38,413.5
853,850,000
OPTION A
REMOVED
(kg/yr)
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.4
10.3
0.0
0.0
, 0.0
li 0.0
0.0
30,843.5
30,869.2
664,154.0
664.154.0
7,753.0
7,753.0
702.776.1

OPTION B
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
6.2
7.0
7.6
71.7
102.5
126.6
9.0
6.9
0.5
224.2
281.8
844.1
27.323.2
27.323.2
10,246.2
10,246.2
38.413.5
853.850,000
OPTION B
REMOVED
(kg/yr)
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.4
10.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30,843.5
30.869.2
664,154.0
664,154.0
7.753.0
7,753.0
702,776.1

OPTION C
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
6.2
7.0
7.6
59.8
68.3
126.6
9.0
6.9
0.5
224.2
196.4
712.6
27,323.2
27,323.2
2,220.0
2,220.0
30,255.8
853,850.000
OPTION C
REMOVED
(kg/yr)
0.0
0.0
') °-°
44)4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30.928.9
31 .000.7
664,154.0
664,154.0
15,779.2
15,779.2
710,933.8

SECONDARY
cn
ILVER SUBCAH
• _i
M
Q
1
K

cn
w
o
'
                                           Cadmium + Chromium + Lead + Nickel + Selenium +• Sliver + Thallium
NOTE:  TOTAL TOXIC METALS = Arsenic + Antimony
                         + Copper •«•' Zinc
      TOTAL CONVENTIONALS - TSS
      TOTAL POLLUTANTS - Total Toxic Metals + Total NonconventlonaIs + Total Conventlonals

      OPTION A - Ammonia Steam Stripping. Lime Precipitation,  and Sedimentation
      OPTION B = Option A, plus In-Process Flow Reduction
      OPTION C - Option B, plus Multimedia Filtration
-------
                                             Table X-3

                BAT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
to
CO
M
to
              Wastewater Stream

    Film stripping
   stripping wet air pollution
control and precipitation and
filtration of film stripping
solutions wet air pollution
control
    Precipitation and filtration of film
      stripping solutions

    Precipitation and filtration of photo-
      graphic solutions

    Precipitation and filtration of photo-
      graphic solutions wet air pollution
      control

    Electrolytic refining
    Furnace wet air pollution control
BAT Normalized
Discharge Rate

 I/troy ounce

     50.35



      0.97
                                             57.57


                                             26.6


                                             12.14



                                              0.76


                                              0
Production
Normalizing
 Parameter

troy ounces of
silver produced
from film stripping

troy ounces of
silver produced
from precipitation
and filtration of
film stripping
solutions

troy ounces of
silver precipitated

troy ounces of
silver precipitated

troy ounces of
silver precipitated
                             troy ounces of
                             silver refined

                             troy ounces of
                             silver smelted,
                             roasted, or dried
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-------
            SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY
                                                                 SECT  -  X
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                                                 2813
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
              SECT  -  X
                            TABLE X-4

  BAT  EFFLUENT  LIMITATIONS  FOR THE  SECONDARY  SILVER SUBCATEGORY
 (a)  Film  Stripping   BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
 Maximum for
 Monthly Average
           mg/troy ounce of silver  from  film  stripping
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
   97.180
   69.990
   10.070
   18.630
   64.450
   14.100
   27.690
   41.290
   14.600
   70.490
   51.360
 6712.000
  43.300
  31.220
   4.028
   7.553
  30.710
   6.546
  18.630
  18.630
   6.042
  30.710
  21.150
2951.000
(b)  Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
     and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
     Control  BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
 Maximum for
 Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of film
                       stripping solutions
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
1.872
1.348
0.194
0.359
1.242
0.272
0.534
0.795
0.281
1.358
0.989
129.300
0.834
0.601
0.078
0.146
0.592
0.126
0.359
0.359
0.116
0.592
0.407
56.840
*Regulated Pollutant
                           2814
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
             SECT - X
                      TABLE X-4 (Continued)

  BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY


(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions
      BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
111.100
80.020
11.510
21.300
73.690
16.120
31.660
47.210
16.700
80.600
58.720
7674.000
49.510
35.690
4.606
8.636
35.120
7.484
21.300
21.300
6.908
35.120
24.180
3374.000
      Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
      BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum  for
Any One  Day
Maximum  for
Monthly  Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
51.340
36.970
5.320
9.842
34.050
7.448
14.630
21.810
7.714
37.240
27.130
3546.000
22.880
16.490
2.128
3.990
16.230
3.458
9.842
9.842
3.192
16.230
11.170
1559.000
 *Regulated Pollutant
                            2815
-------
               SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY
              SECT  -  X
                      TABLE X-4  (Continued)

  BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE  SECONDARY SILVER  SUBCATEGORY

 (e)   Precipitation and Filtration  of Photographic Solutions
      Wet Air Pollution Control  BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum  for
Any One  Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and

Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
(f ) Electrolytic
photographic solutions
23.430
16.880
2.428
4.492
15.540
3.399
6.677
9.955
3.521
17.000
12.380
1618.000
Refining BAT
filtration of

10.440
- 7.527
0.971
1.821
7.405
1.578
4.492
4.492
1.457
7.405
5.099
711.400

Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
silver from electrolytic
1.467
1.056
0.152
0.281
0.973
0.213
0.418
0.623
0.220
1.064
0.775
101.300
refining
0.654
0.471
0.061
0.114
0.464
0.099
0.281
0.281
0.091
0.464
0.319
44.540
                           2816
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
             SECT - X
                      TABLE X-4 (Continued)

  BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY


(g)   Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control  BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
 mg/troy ounce of silver from silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
' 0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
3.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
 (h)  Leaching  BAT
 Pollutant or
 Pollutant  Property
 Maximum for
 Any  One Day
 Maximum for
 Monthly Average
    mg/troy  ounce  of  silver  from silver  produced from leaching
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
0.166
0.120
0.017
0.032
0.110
0.024
0.047
0.071
0.025
0.120
0.088
11.460
0.074
0.053
0.007
0.013
0.052
0.011
0.032
0.032
0.010
0.052
0.036
5.040
 *Regulated Pollutant
                            2817
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
              SECT -  X
                       TABLE X-4  (Continued)

   BAT EFFLUENT  LIMITATIONS  FOR THE  SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY


 (i)  Leaching Wet Air  Pollution  Control and Precipitation of
     Nonphotographic Solutions Wet  Air Pollution Control  BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum  for
Any One  Day
Maximum  for
Monthly  Average
   mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
                            of silver
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
8.550
6.158
0.886
1.639
5.670
1.240
2.437
3.633
1.285
6.202
4.519
590.500
3.810
2.747
0.354
0.665
2.702
0.576
1.639.
1.639
0.532
2.702
1.861
259.600
(j)  Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic Solutions
     BAT                                 	—	:	
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
5.925
4.267
0.614
1.136
3.930
0.860
1.689
2.517
0.890
4.298
3.131
409.200
2.640
1.903
0.246
0.461
1.873
0.399
1.136
1.136
0.399
1.873
1.289
179.900
                           2818
-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
             SECT - X
                      TABLE X-4 (Continued)

  BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY


(k)  Floor and Equipment Washdown Water  BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average

Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as
mg/troy ounce of silver production
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
N) 0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
* Regulated Pollutant
                            2819
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
     SECT  -
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-------
              SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
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                                            2821
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - X
                                                    en
                                                     i
                                                    X
                                                    W)
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                       W CO
                       2822
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XI



                            SECTION XI

                 NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS"


This  section describes the control technology for  treatment  of
wastewater   from  new  sources  and  presents   mass   discharge
limitations  of regulatory pollutants for NSPS in  the  secondary
silver subcategory based on the described control technology. New
plants have the opportunity to design the best and most efficient
production  processes  and  wastewater  treatment   technologies,
without  facing the added costs and restrictions  encountered  in
retrofitting an existing plant.


TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BDT

All  of  the  treatment technology options applicable  to  a  net
source were previously considered for the BAT options.   For this
reason, three options were considered for BDT after proposal, all
identical to the BAT options discussed in Section X.

Treatment and control technologies used for the BDT options are:

OPTION A

     o  Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration
        of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
        stripping
        concentrations
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
        wastewater after treatment

OPTION B

     o  In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
        water
     o  Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration >
        of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
        stripping
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
        wastewater after treatment
                           2823
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                                       SECT - XI
 OPTION C
     o
     o
In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
water
Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration
of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
stripping                          '
Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
wastewater after treatment
Multimedia filtration
Partial  or  complete  recycle  and reuse  of  wastewater  is  an
essential  part  of all three options.   Recycle  and  reuse  can
precede  or  follow  end-of-pipe  treatment.    A  more  detailed
discussion of the treatment options is presented in Section X.

BDT OPTION SELECTION                         : ;
                                                       f
EPA  is promulgating a best available demonstrated technology for
the  secondary silver subcategory equal to Option  C  (in-process
flow   reduction,   preliminary  treatment  with  ammonia   stesam
stripping,  lime  precipitation,  sedimentation,  and  multimedia
filtration end-of-pipe treatment with complete recycle of treated
floor  and  equipment washdown wastewater).   This technology  is
equivalent  to  the  proposed  NSPS  technology  (although   flow
allowances  for  casting and casting wet air pollution ,have  been
eliminated,  as explained earlier).   The Agency recognizes  that
new  sources  have  the opportunity to  implement  more  advanced
levels  of treatment without incurring the costs of  retrofitting
and  the  costs  of partial or complete  shutdown  necessary  for
installation  of  the new equipment that existing  plants  should
have.    Review   of  the  subcategory  indicates  that  no   new
demonstrated technologies that improve on BAT exist.

Activated carbon adsorption technology (Option E) was eliminated;
it  is  not  necessary  since toxic organic  pollutants  are  not
selected  for  limitation in this  subcategory-.    (Refer  to  the
discussion  of exclusion of toxic organic pollutants in  Sections
VI and X.)

Dry  scrubbing is not demonstrated for controlling emissions from
film  stripping,  precipitation and filtration of film  stripping
solutions,   precipitation   and   filtration   of   photographic
solutions,  reduction  furnaces,  leaching and precipitation  and
filtration.   The  nature of these emissions (acidic  fumes,  hot
particulate   matter)  technically  precludes  the  use  of   dry
scrubbers.

Therefore,  EPA  is  including an allowance for  these sources  at
NSPS equivalent to that promulgated for BAT Option C.  The Agency
also   does  not  believe  that  new  plants  could  achieve  any
additional flow reduction beyond that proposed for BAT.
                           2824
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XI
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

The Agency has no reason to believe that the pollutants that will
be  found  in  treatable concentrations in processes  within  new
sources  will  be  any  different  than  with  existing  sources.
Accordingly,  pollutants  and pollutant parameters  selected  for
limitation  under  NSPS,  in  accordance with  the  rationale  of
Section VI and X,  are identical to those selected for BAT.   The
conventional  pollutant  parameters TSS and pH are also  selected
for limitation.

NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

The NSPS discharge flows for each wastewater source are the  same
as the discharge rates for BAT and are listed in Table XI-1 (page
2824). ,  The mass of pollutant allowed to be discharged per  mass
of product is calculated by multiplying the appropriate  effluent
concentration  by the production normalized wastewater  discharge
flows  (1/troy  ounce).   New source  performance  .standards  are
presented in Table XI-2 (page 2826).
                           2825
-------
     SECONDARY SILVER  SUBCATEGORY     SECT - XI
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XI
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                      2827
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                             SECT -XI
                           TABLE XI-2

  NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY

(a)  Fil^i Stripping  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
               Maximum for
               Any One Day
            Maximum for
            Monthly Average
           mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
                  97
                  69
                  10
                  18
                  64
                  14
                  27
                  41
                  14
                  70
                  51
                6712
                 755
.180
.990
.070
.630
.450
.100
.690
.290
.600
.490
.360
.000
.300
  43
  31
   4
   7
  30
   6
  18
  18
   6
  30
  21
2951
 604
.300
.220
.028
.553
.710
.546
.630
.630
.042
.710
.150
.000
.200
                  Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b)  Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
     and Filtration of Film Stripping" Solutions Wet Air Pollution
     Control  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
               Maximum for
               Any One Day
            Maximum for
            Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of film
                       stripping solutions
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
                   1.872
                   1.348
                   0.194
                   0.359
                   1.242
                   0.272
                   0.534
                   0.795
                   0.281
                   1.358
                   0.989
                 129.300
                  14.550
              0.834
              0.601
              0.078
              0.146
              0.592
              0.126
              0.359
              0.359
              0.116
              0.592
              0.407
             56.840
             11.640
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
^Regulated Pollutant
                           2828
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY     SECT  -  XI


                      TABLE XI-2  (Continued)

  NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY


 (c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions
      NSPS                          ~~~~     KJ^—!L,-—.   .   .
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
               Maximum for
               Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
                 111.100
                  80.020
                  11.510
                  21.300
                  73.690
                  16.120
                  31.660
                  47.210
                  16.700
                  80.600
                  58.720
                7674.000
                 863.600
  49.
  35.
   4.
   8.
  35.
   7.
  21.
  21.
   6.
  35.
  24.
3374.
 690.
     510
     690
     606
     636
     120
     484
     300
     300
     908
     120
     180
     000
     800
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(d) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
               Maximum for
               Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium ,
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH , Within the
*Regulated Pollutant
51.340
36.970
5.320
9.842
34.050
7.448
14.630
21.810
7.714
37.240
27.130
3546.000
399.000
range of 7.5 to

22.880
16.490
2.128
3.990
16.230
3.458
9.842
9.842
3.192
16.230
11.170
1559.000
319.200
10.0 at all times

                           2829
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                              SECT - XI
                      TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

  NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY

(e)   Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
      Wet Air Pollution Control  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
                Maximum for
                Any One Day
                Maximum for
                Monthly Average
  ing/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
                     photographic solutions
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
  23
  16
   2
   4
  15
   3
   6
   9
   3
  17
  12
1618
 182
                     .430
                     .880
                     .428
                     .492
                     .540
                     .399
                     .677
                     .955
                     .521
                     .000
                     .380
                     .000
                     .100
 10.440
  7.527
  0.971
  1.821
  7.405
  1.578
  4.492
  4.492
  1.457
   ,405
   ,099
711.400
145.700
 7,
 5,
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(f)  Electrolytic Refining  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
                Maximum for
                Any One Day
                Maximum for
                Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
                    1,
                    1,
    ,467
    ,056
   0.152
   0.281
   0.973
   0.213
   0.418
   0.623
   0.220
   1.064
   0.775
 101.300
  11.400
 0.654
 0.471
 0.061
 0.114
 0.464
 0.099
 0.281
 0.281
 0.091
 0.464
 0.319
44.540
 9.120
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                           2830
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                             SECT - XI
                      TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

  NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY

(g)  Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
               Maximum for
               Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
 mg/troy ounce of silver from silver roasted, smelted, or dried
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
  0.000
  0.000
  0.000
  0.000
  0.000
  0.000
  0.000
  0.000
  0.000
  0.000
  0.000
  0.000
  0.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(h)  Leaching  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
               Maximum for
               Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
   mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
                   0.166
                   0.120
                   0.017
                   0.032
                   0.110
                   0.024
                   0.047
                   0.071
                   0.025
                   0.120
                   0.088
                  11.460
  0.074
  0.053
  0.007
  0.013
  0.052
  0.011
  0.032
  0.032
  0.010
  0.052
  0.036
  5.040
  1.032
                   1.290
      Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
               at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                           2831
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
                              SECT  -  XI
                      TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

  NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY

(i)  Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
     Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
                Maximum for
                Any One Day
              Maximum for
              Monthly Average
   mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
                            of silver
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
                    8.550
                    6.158
                    0.886
                    1
                    5
                    1
                    2
                    3
                    1
                    6
                    4
                  590
   ,639
   ,670
   .240
   .437
   .633
   .285
   .202
   .519
   .500
  3.810
  2.747
  0.354
  0.665
  2.702
  0.576
   ,639
   ,639
   ,532
1
1
0
                   66.450
  2.702
  1.861
259.600
 53.160
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
     Precipitation and Filtration  of Nonphotographic  Solutions
     NSPS
Pollutant  or
Pollutant   Property
                Maximum for
                Any One Day
               Maximum for
               Monthly Average
              mg/troy  ounce  of  silver  precipitated
  Antimony
  Arsenic
  Cadmium
  Chromium
 *Copper
  Lead
  Nickel
  Selenium
  Silver
  Thallium
 *Zinc
 *Ammonia (as N)
 *TSS
 *pH
                    5,
                    4,
                    0
                    1,
                    3
   ,925
   .267
   .614
   .136
   .930
  0.860
  1.689
  2.517
  0.890
  4.298
  3.131
409.200
 46.050
                                    0
                                    1
                                    1
                                  179
    640
    903
    246
    461
    873
    399
  1.136
  1.136
    399
    873
    289
    900
                                   36.840
Within  the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0  at  all  times
 *Regulated Pollutant
                            2832
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
              SECT - X.I
                      TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

  NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(k)  Floor and Equipment Washdown Water  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver production
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Within the range of 7.5
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
o.ooo
0,000
0.000
0.000
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                           2833
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
            2834
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY"   SECT - XII



                           SECTION XII

                      PRETREATMENT STANDARDS


This section describes the control and treatment technologies  for
pretreatraent of process wastewaters from existing sources and  new
sources  in  the  secondary  silver  subcategory.    Pretreatment
standards  for  regulated pollutants are presented based  on   the
selected control and treatment technologies,

PSES  are designed to prevent the discharge of  pollutants  which
pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible  with
the  operation  of publicly owned treatment  works  (POTW).    The
Clean  Water  Act of 1977 requires pretreatment  for  pollutants,
such   as  toxic  metals,  that  limit  POTW  sludge   management
alternatives.  New indirect discharge facilities, like new direct
discharge  facilities,  have the opportunity to  incorporate   the
best  available  demonstrated  technologies,  including   process
changes,    in-plant   controls,   and   erid-of-pipe    treatment
technologies, and to use plant site selection to ensure  adequate
treatment system installation.  Pretreatment standards are to  be
technology based, analogous to the best available technology   for
removal of toxic pollutants.

.TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT

Before  proposing  pretreatment standards,  the  Agency  examines
whether  the  pollutants discharged by the industry pass  through
the  POTW  or  interfere with the POTW operation  or  its  chosen
sludge  disposal practices.   In determining  whether  pollutants
pass through a well-operated POTW, achieving secondary treatment,
the Agency compares the percentage of a pollutant removed by POTW
with  the  percentage removed by direct dischargers applying   the
best available technology economically achievable.   A  pollutant
is  deemed  to pass through the POTW when the average  percentage
removed  nationwide  by  well-operated  POTW  meeting   secondary
treatment  requirements,  is less than the percentage removed  by
direct   dischargers  complying  with  BAT  effluent  limitations
guidelines for that pollutant.   (See generally, 46 PR at 9415-16
(January 28, 1981).)

This   definition  of  pass  through  satisfies   two   competing
objectives  set  by Congress:   (1) that standards  for  indirect
dischargers  be equivalent to standards for  direct  dischargers,
while  at  the same time,  (2) that the treatment capability   and
performance  of the POTW be recognized and taken into account  in
regulating the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.
The  Agency compares percentage removal rather than the  mass  or
concentration  of pollutants discharged because the latter  would
not  take  into account the mass of pollutants discharged to   the
POTW  from  non-industrial  sources  nor  the -dilution  of    the
pollutants  in  the POTW effluent to lower concentrations due  to
the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.


                           2835
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING AND NEW SOURCES

Options  for pretreatment of wastewaters are based on  increasing
the effectiveness of end-of-pipe treatment technologies.  All in-
plant changes and applicable end-of-pipe treatment processes have
been discussed previously in Sections X and XI.   The options for
PSES  and  PSNS,  therefore,  are  the same as  the  BAT  options
discussed in Section X.

A description of each option is presented in Section X,  while  a
more detailed discussion, including pollutants controlled by each
treatment process and achievable treatment concentration for each
option,  is  presented in Section VII O£ Vol. I.

Treatment technology used for the PSES and PSNS options are:

OPTION A

     o  Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration
        of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
        stripping
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
        wastewater after treatment

OPTION B

     o  In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
        water
     o  Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration
        of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
        stripping
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
        wastewater after treatment

OPTION C

     o  In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
        water
     o  Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration
        of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
        stripping
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
        wastewater after treatment
     o  Multimedia filtration

INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

The industry   cost   and  pollutant  removal  estimates  of  each
treatment  option were used to determine the most  cost-effective
option.  The methodology applied in calculating pollutant removal
estimates  and  plant  compliance costs is discussed in Section  X.


                            2836
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII


Table  XII-1 (page 2837) shows the estimated  pollutant  removals
for  indirect  dischargers, while compliance costs  for  indirect
discharges are presented in Table VIII-2 (page 2838).

PSES OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL                           .

At  proposal,  EPA selected in-process  flow  reduction,  ammonia
steam  stripping preliminary treatment,  lime precipitation,   and
sedimentation (Option B) and in-process flow  reduction,  ammonia
steam  stripping preliminary treatment,  chemical  precipitation,
sedimentation,   and   multimedia   filtration  (Option   C)    as
alternative  pretreatment standards for existing sources for this
subcategory.   This selection follows from the rationale used  in
selecting  alternative options as the basis for BAT.   (Refer  to
Section X.)

Activated  carbon adsorption technology (Option E) was,eliminated
because  it is not necessary since toxic organic  pollutants  are
not  selected for limitation In this subcategory.   (Refer to the
discussion  of selection of pollutants for limitation in  Section
X.)

PSES OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

EPA  is  promulgating  PSES  equal to promulgated  BAT  for  this
subcategory.    The  technology  basis  for  PSES  thus  is  lime
precipitation   and  sedimentation,   ammonia  steam   stripping,
wastewater flow reduction,  and filtration.   Plow reduction  for
the selected technology represents a 23 percent reduction in flow
over current discharge rates.

Based on revised calculations,  EPA estimates that implementation
of  the  promulgated PSES limitations would  remove  annually  an
estimated  4,259 kg of toxic pollutants and 42,900 kg of  ammonia
over  estimated  raw  discharge.   The final PSES  effluent  mass
limitations  will  remove  13  kg/yr of  toxic  metals  over   the
intermediate  PSES  option considered,  which  lacks  filtration.
Both  options are economically achievable.   The Agency  believes
the incremental removal justifies selection of filtration as  part
of PSES model technology.   Filtration is currently  demonstrated
by  eight indirect discharging secondary silver plants.    Capital
cost  for  achieving  proposed  PSES  is  $634,000  (March,  1982
dollars), and annual cost of $422,000 (March, 1982 dollars).

PSNS OPTION SELECTION
I             •         •

EPA has. selected in-process flow reduction, preliminary treatment
with ammonia steam stripping,  lime precipitation, sedimentation,
complete   recycle  of  treated  floor  and  equipment   washdown
wastewater,   and   multimedia  filtration  (Option  C)   as   the
technology  basis  for  PSNS.   The Agency  recognizes  that   new
sources have the opportunity to implement more advanced levels of
treatment  without  incurring the costs of retrofitting  and  the
costs  of partial or complete shutdown necessary for installation
of the new equipment that existing plants should have.


                           2837
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII
EPA  has not identified any demonstrated technology that provides
more  efficient  pollutant  removal' than  PSNS  technology.   No
additional flow reduction for new sources is feasible because dry
scrubbing is not demonstrated for controlling emissions from film
stripping,   precipitation   and   filtration   of   photographic
solutions,  reduction  furnaces,  leaching and precipitation  and
filtration.   The  nature of these emissions (acidic  fumes,  hot
particulate   matter)  technically  precludes  the  use  of   dry
scrubbers.  Since  PSNS  does not include  any  additional  costs
compared  to  NSPS,  the Agency does not believe PSNS will  be  a
barrier to entry for new facilities.

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

Pollutants  and pollutant parameters selected for limitation  for
PSES and PSNS, in accordance with the rationale of Section VI and
X,  are identical to those selected for limitation for BAT.   EPA
is proposing PSNS for copper,  zinc, and ammonia to prevent pass-
through.   The  conventional  pollutants,  TSS and  pH,  are  not
limited   under  PSES  and  PSNS  because  they  are  effectively
controlled by POTW.

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS

The  PSES  and  PSNS discharge flows are  identical  to  the  BAT
discharge  flows  for all processes.   These discharge flows  are
listed in Table XII-2 (page 2838).  The mass of pollutant allowed
to be discharged per mass of product is calculated by multiplying
the achievable  treatment concentration (mg/1)  by the  normalized
wastewater discharge flow (1/troy ounce).  Pretreatment standards
for  existing  and  new sources, as  determined  from  the  above
procedure,  are shown in Tables XII-3 and XII-4  (pages 2840  and
2846) for each waste stream.

Mass-based  standards  are promulgated for the  secondary  silver
subcategory to ensure that the standards are achieved by means of
pollutant removal rather than by dilution.  They are particularly
important  since  the  standards are based upon  flow  reduction.
Pollutant  limitations associated with flow reduction  cannot  be
measured  any way but as a reduction of mass  discharged.    Mass-
based  PSES without alternative concentration-based standards are
promulgated in this subcategory,  although the flow reduction for
the  entire subcategory is not great.   However,  several  plants
grossly exceed the flow basis of PSES.    Mass-based standards are
needed  to  ensure that these plants reduce  their  water  usage.
Mass-based  PSNS are promulgated in this subcategory because PSNS
for secondary silver is based on 99 percent flow reduction of raw
wastewater  by recycle,  and new plants would lacik  incentive  to
achieve these reductions without a mass-based standard.
                           2838
-------
                                                         Table  XII-1


                 POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES  FOR SECONDARY  SILVER INDIRECT  DISCHARGERS
ro
oo
oo
vo

POLLUTANT
Arsenic
. Antimony
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Copper
Zinc
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
Ammonia
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
- , TSS
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
FLOW (l/yr)

TOTAL
RAW WASTE
(kg/yr)
2.1
7.8
11.6
34.0
59.4
129.1
441 .0
7.3
1.2
184.7
3,417.2
4.295.5
43.519.2
43,519.2
13,602.8
13.602.8
6!. 417. 5


OPTION A
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
2.1
7.8
1.5
1.6
2.3
14.3
5.8
1.9
11 .2"" "'"
56.2
618.0
618.0
231.8
231.8
906.0
19.313.320

OPTION A
REMOVED
(kg/yr)
- -•-**>
~- 0.0
0.0
10.1
32.4
57.1
114.8
435.2
5.3
0.0
** 173.5
3,410.8
4,239.3
42,901.2
42,901.2
13.371.0
13.371.0
60,511.6


OPTION B
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
2.1
7.8
1.5
1.6
2.3
14.3
5.8
1.9
1.2
11.2
56.2
618.0
618.0
231.8
231.8
906.0
19.313,320

OPTION B
REMOVED
(kg/yr)
0.0
0.0
10.1
32.4
57.1
114.8
435.2
5.3
0.0
173:5
3,410.8
4.239.3
42.901.2
42.901.2
13.371.0
13.371.0
60.511.6


OPTION C
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
2.1
7.8
0.9
1.4
1.5
4.2
3.9
1.4
1.2
7.5
4.4
36.4
618.0
618.0
50.2
50.2
704.6
19.313,320

OPTION C
REMOVED
(kg/yr)
0.0
0.0
10.7
32.7
57.9
124.8
437.2
5.9
0.0
177.2
3.412.8
4.259.1
42,901.2
42.901.2
13.552.6
13.552.6
60.712.9

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              NOTE:  TOTAL TOXIC METALS - Arsenic + Antimony + Cadnlura +• Chromium + Lead  +• Nickel

                                       + Copper + Zinc

                    TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS - Ammonia •
                    TOTAL CONVENTIONALS - TSS
                    TOTAL POLLUTANTS  - Total Toxic Metals + Total Nonconventlonals + Total Conventional


                    OPTION A  - Ammonia Steam Stripping. Lime Precipitation, and Sedimentation

                    OPTION B  - Option A, plus In-Process Flow Reduction
                    OPTION C- Option B. plus Multimedia Filtration
Selenium + Silver + Thallium
                                                                                                                                     H
-------
                                              Table XII-2

           PSES  AND PSNS  WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
to
00
it*.
o
              Wastewater  Stream
      i^Ti stripping
Filir, stripping wet air pollution
  control and precipitation and
  filtration of film stripping
  solutions wet air pollution
  control
    Precipitation and  filtration of  film
      stripping solutions

    Precipitation and  filtration of photo-
      graphic solutions

    Precipitation and  filtration of photo-
      graphic solutions wet air pollution
      control

    Electrolytic refining
    Furnace wet air pollution control
                                          PSES and PSNS
                                            Normalized
                                          Discharge Rate

                                           I/troy ounce

                                               50.35
                                                    0.97
                                               57.57


                                               26.6


                                               12.14



                                                0.76


                                                0
Production
Normalizing
 Parameter

troy ounces of
silver produced
from film stripping

troy ounces of
silver produced
from precipitation
and filtration of
film stripping
solutions

troy ounces of
silver precipitated
  •*-.
troy ounces of
silver precipitated

troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver refined

troy ounces of
silver smelted,
roasted,  or dried
                                                                                                  to
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-------
     SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII

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                             2841
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
              SECT - XII
                           TABLE XI1-3

  PSES EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(a)  Film Stripping  PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
           mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium,
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
97.180
69.990
10.070
18.630
64.450
14.100
27.690
41.290
14.600
70.490
51.360
6712.000
43.300
31.220
4.028
7.553
30.710
6.546
18.630
18.630
6.042
30.710
21.150
2951.000
(b)  Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
     and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
     Control  PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of film
                       stripping solutions
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
1.872
1.348
0.194
0.359
1.242
0.272
0.534
0.795
0.281
1.358
0.989
129.300
0.834
0.601
0.078
0.146
0.592
0.126
0.359
0.359
0.116
0.592
0.407
56.840
^Regulated Pollutant
                           2842
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
              SECT - XII
                      TABLE XII-3 (Continued)

  PSES EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY


(c)   Precipitation and Filtration of_ Film Stripping Solutions
      PSES        •
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
111.100
80.020
11.510
21.300
73.690
16.120
31.660
47.210
16.700
80.600
58.720
7674.000
49.510
35.690
4.606
8.636
35.120
7.484
21.300
21.300
6.908
35.120
24.180
3374.000
 (d)   Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
      PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum  for
Any One  Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of  silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
51.340
36.970
5.320
9.842
34.050
7.448
14.630
21.810
7.714
37.240
27.130
3546.000
22.880
16.490
2.128
3.990
16.230
3.458
9.842
9.842
3.192
16.230
11.170
1559.000
 *Regulated Pollutant
                            2843
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII


                      TABLE XI1-3  (Continued)

  PSES EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY


 (e)   Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
      Wet Air Pollution Control  PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
  ing/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
                     photographic solutions
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
23.430
16.880
2.428
4.492
15.540
3.399
6.677
9.955
3.521
17.000
12.380
1618.000
10.440
7.527
0.971
1.821
7.405
1.578
4.492
4.492
1.457
7.405
5.099
711.400
(f)  Electrolytic Refining  PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
1.467
1.056
0.152
0.281
0.973
0.213
0.418
0.623
0.220
1.064
0.775
101.300
0.654
0.471
0.061
0.114
0.464
0.099
0.281
0.281
0.091
0.464
0.319
44.540
                           2844
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
              SECT - XII
                      TABLE XII-3 (Continued)

  PSES EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY


(g)  Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control  PSES
Pollutant or     y
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average'
 mg/troy ounce of silver from silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
 (h)  Leaching  PSES
Pollutant, or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
   mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
0.166
0.120
0.017
0.032
0.110
0.024
0.047
0.071
0.025
0.120
0.088
11.460
0.074
0.053
0.007
0.013
0.052
0.011
0.032
0.032
0.010
0.052
0.036
5.040
 *Regulated  Pollutant
                            2845
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
              SECT - XII
                      TABLE XI1-3 (Continued)

  PSES EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(i)  Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
     Nonphotographlc Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
   mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
                          .  or silver
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
8.550
6.158
0.886
1.639
5.670
1.240
2.437 '
3.633
1;285
6.202
4.519
590.500
3.810
2.747
0.354
0.665
2.702
0.576
1.639
1.639
0.532
2.702
1.861>
259.600
(j)  Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic Solutions
     PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
5.925
4.267
0.614
1.136
3.930
0.860
1.689
2.517
0.890
4.298
3.131
409.200
2.640
1.903
0.246
0.461
1.873
0.399
1.136
1.136
0.399
1.873
1.289
179.900
*Regulated Pollutant
                           2846
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
              SECT - XII
                      TABLE XI1-3 (Continued)

  PgES EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY  SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(k)  Floor and Equipment Washdown Water  PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
silver production
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
                            2847
-------
                SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
               SECT - XII
                            TABLE XI1-4

   PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE  SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
 (a)   Film Stripping   PSNS
 Pollutant  or
 Pollutant   Property
Maximum for
Any  One Day
 Maximum for
 Monthly Average
           mg/troy ounce of  silver from  film stripping
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
*Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
    97.180
    69.990
    10.070
    18.630
    64.450
    14.100
    27.690
    41.290
    14.600
    70.490
    51.360
 6712.000
  43.300
  31.220
   4.028
   7.553
  30.710
   6.546
  18.630
  18.630
   6.042
  30.710
  21.150
2951.000
(b)  Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
     and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
     Control  PSNS	
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
 Maximum for
 Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of film
                       stripping solutions
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*Regulated Pollutant
1.872
1.348
0.194
0.359
1.242
0.272
0.534
0.795
0.281
1.358
0.989
129.300

0.834
0.601
0.078
0.146
0.592
0.126
0.359
0.359
0.116
0.592
0.407
56.840

                           2848
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
              SECT - XII
                      TABLE XII-4 (Continued)

  PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY  SILVER SUBCATEGORY


(c)   Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions
      PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
111.100
80.020
11.510
21.300
73.690
16.120
31.660
47.210
16.700
80.600
58.720
7674.000
49.510 .
35.690
4.606
8.636
35.120
7.484
21.300
21.300
6.908
35.120
24.180
3374.000
 (d)   Precipitation and Filtration of_ Photographic Solutions
      PSNS
 Pollutant or
 Pollutant  Property
Maximum  for
Any One  Day
Maximum  for
Monthly  Average
              mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
51.340
36.970
5.320
9.842
34.050
7.448
14.630
21.810
7.714
37.240
27.130
3546.000
22.880
16 . 490
2.128
3.990
16.230
3.458
9.842
9.842
3.192
16.230
11.170
1559.000
 *Regulated Pollutant
                            2849
-------
                SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY
               SECT  -  XII
                      TABLE XI1-4  (Continued)

  PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE  SECONDARY  SILVER  SUBCATEGORY


 (e)   Precipitation and Filtration of_ Photographic  Solutions
      Wet Air Pollution Control  PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
  ing/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
                     photographic solutions
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
23.430
16.880
2.428
4.492
15.540
3.399
6.677
9.955
3.521
17.000
12.380
1618.000
10.440
7.527
0.971
1.821
7.405
1.578
4.492
4.492
1.457
7.405
5.099
711.400
(f)  Electrolytic Refining  PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
       mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
1.467
1.056
0.152
0.281
0.973
0.213
0.418
0.623
0.220
1.064
0.775
101.300
0.654
0.471
0.061
0.114
0.464
0.099
0.281
0.281
0.091
0.464
0.319
44.540
                           2850
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
              SECT - XII
                      TABLE XII-4 (Continued)

  PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(g)  Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control  PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
 mg/troy ounce of silver from silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver s
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
o.ooo
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
(h)  Leaching  PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum, for
Monthly Average
   mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
0.166
0.120
0.017
0.032
,0.110
0.024
0.047
0.071
0.025
0.120
0.088
11.460
0.074
0.053
0.007
0.013
0.052
0.011
0.032
0.032
0.010
0.052
0.036
5.040
*Regulated Pollutant
                           2851
-------
               SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
               SECT  - XII
                      TABLE XII-4  (Continued)

  PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY


(i)  Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
     Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control  PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
^Maximum  for
Any One  Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
   mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
                            or silver
Antimony
Arsenic •
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel '
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
8.550
6.158
0.886
1.639
5.670
1.240
2.437
3.633
1 . 285
6.202
4.519
590.500
3.810
2.747
0.354
0.665
2.702
0.576
1.639
1.639
0.532
2.702
1.861
259.600
(j)  Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic Solutions
     PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
5.925
4.267
0.614
1.136
3.930
0.860
1.689
2.517
0.890
4.298
3.131
409.200
2.640
1.903
0.246
0.461
1.873
0.399
1.136
1.136
0.399
1.873
1.289
179.900
*Regulated Pollutant
                           2852
-------
               SECONDARY-SILVER SUBCATEGORY
              SECT -XII
                      TABLE XI1-4  (Continued)

  PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY


(k)  Floor and Equipment Washdown Water  PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant  Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver production

 Antimony                            0.000
 Arsenic                   >          0.000
 Cadmium                             0.000
 Chromium                            0.000
*Copper                              0.000
 Lead                                0.000
 Nickel                              0.000
 Selenium                            0.000
 Silver                              0.000
 Thallium                            0.000
*Zinc                                0.000
*Ammonia (as N)                       0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
                   0.000
*Regulated Pollutant
                          2853
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
            2854
-------
                SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XIII
                           SECTION XIII

          BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
EPA  is  not  promulgating best  conventional  pollutant  control
technology  (BCT)  for the secondary silver subcategory  at  this
time.
                           2855
-------
 SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XIII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
            2856
-------
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
           DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT
                       for the
            Secondary Mercury Subcategory
                  William K. Reilly
                    Administrator
                   Rebecca Hanmer
      Acting Assistant Administrator for Water
              Martha Prothro, Director
      Office of Water Regulations and Standards
            Thomas P.  O'Farrell,  Director
           Industrial  Technology  Division
             Ernst P.  Hall,  P.E.,  Chief
               Metals  Industry Branch
                         and
              Technical Project Officer
                     May 1989
        U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
                   Office of  Water
      Office  of Water  Regulations and Standards
           Industrial  Technology Division
              Washington, .D.  C.  20460
                         2857
-------
2858
-------
                 SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
Section

I

II

III
IV
V
VI
                        TABLE OP CONTENTS
SUMMARY                                          2865

CONCLUSIONS                                      2867

SUBCATEGORY PROFILE                              2871

Description of Secondary Mercury Production      2871
Raw Materials                                    2871
Separation of Gross Impurities                   2871
Distillation                                     2872
Acid Washing                                     2872
Process Wastewater Sources                       2872
Other Wastewater Sources                         2873
Age, Production, and Process Profile             2873

SUBCATEGORIZATION                                2879

Factors Considered in Subdividing the Secondary  2879
  Mercury Subcategory
Other Factors                                    2880
Production Normalizing Parameters                2880

WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS         2881

Wastewater Flow Rates                            2882
Wastewater Characteristics Data                  2882
Data Collection Portfolios                       2882
Field Sampling Data                              2883
Wastewater Characteristics and Flows by          2883
  Subdivision
Spent Battery Electrolyte                        2883
Acid Wash and Rinse Water                        2884
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control                2884

SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS                2887

Conventional Pollutant Parameters                2887
Conventional Pollutant Parameters Selected       2887
Toxic Priority Pollutants                        2887
Priority Pollutants Never Detected               2887
Priority Pollutants Never Found Above Their      2887
  Analytical Quantification Concentration
Priority Pollutants Present Below Concentrations 2889
  Achievable by Treatment
Priority Pollutants Selected for Further         2889
  Consideration in Establishing Limitations
  and Standards
                               2859
-------
                 SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
                  TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
VII
VIII
IX


X


XI
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

Current Control and Treatment
  Practices
Spent Battery Electrolyte
Acid Wash and Rinse Water
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control
Control and Treatment Options
Option A
Option C

COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY
ASPECTS

Treatment Options for New Sources
Option A
Option C
Cost Methodology
Nonwater Quality Aspects
Energy Requirements
Solid Waste
Air Pollution

BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
       CURRENTLY AVAILABLE

BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY
       ACHIEVABLE

NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Technical Approach to NSPS
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates
Pollutant Removal Estimates
Compliance Costs
NSPS Option  Selection - Proposal
NSPS Option  Selection - Promulgation
Wastewater Discharge Rates
Spent Battery Electrolyte
Acid Wash and Rinse Water
Furnace Wet  Air Pollution
         Control
Regulated Pollutant Parameters
New Source Performance Standards
2895

2895

2895
2985
2896
2896
2896
2896

2897
                                                           2897
                                                           2897
                                                           2897
                                                           2897
                                                           2898
                                                           2898
                                                           2898
                                                           2900

                                                           2903
2903
2905

2905
2906
2906
2907
2908
2908
2908
2909
2909
2909

2909
2930
                                2860
-------
                 SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
                  TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
                                              Page
XII
XIII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS                      2917

  Technical Approach to Pretreatment        2917
  Pretreatment Standards for New Sources    2917
  PSNS Option Selection                     2918
  Regulated Pollutant Parameters            2918
  Pretreatment Standards for New Sources    2918

BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL         2923
  TECHNOLOGY
                               2861
-------
                  SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
                          LIST OF TABLES
 Table
         Title
                                                            Page
 III-l




 III-2


 III-3


 V-l


 V-2


 V-3


 VI-1

 VIII-1



 XI-1


 XI-2




 XI-3



XI-4


XII-1


XII-2
 Initial  Operating  Year  (Range)  Summary       2874
   of  Plants  in  the Secondary Mercury
   Subcategory by Discharge  Type

 Production Ranges  for the Secondary          2875
   Mercury Subcategory

 Summary  of Subcategory  Processes and         2875
   Associated Waste Streams

 Water Use and Discharge Rates for            2885
   Spent  Battery Electrolyte

 Water Use and Discharge Rates for            2885
   Acid Wash  and Rinse Water

 Water Use and Discharge Rates for            2886
   Furnace Wet Air  Pollution Control

 Toxic Pollutants Never  Detected             2891

 Cost of  Compliance  for  New  Source            2901
   Model  Plants  in  the Secondary
   Mercury Subcategory*

 Pollutant Removal Estimates for              2911
   New Source Model  Plants*

 Cost of  Compliance  for  New  Source            2912
   Model  Plants  in the Secondary
   Mercury Subcategory*

 NSPS Wastewater Discharge Rates              2912
   for the Secondary Mercury
   Subcategory

NSPS for the Secondary Mercury               2913
   Subcategory

PSNS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the      2920
Secondary Mercury Subcategory

PSNS for the Secondary Mercury               2921
  Subcategory
                               2862
-------
Figures


III-l
XI-1

XI-2
  SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY


          LIST OF FIGURES


        Title


Secondary Mercury Production Process

Geographic Locations of the Secondary
  Mercury Subcategory Plants

NSPS Treatment Scheme for Option A

NSPS Treatment Scheme for Option C
Page


2876

2877


2914

2915
                              2863
-------
  SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                 2864
-------
             SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT - I



                            SECTION I

                             SUMMARY


This  document  provides  the technical  basis  for  promulgating
pretreatment  standards for new indirect dischargers  (PSNS)  and
standards  of  performance  for  new  source  direct  dischargers
(NSPS).  The secondary mercury subcategory is comprised  of  four
plants.  Two plants achieve zero discharge of process wastewater,
and two plants do not generate process wastewater.

EPA first studied the secondary mercury subcategory to  determine
whether   differences   in   raw   materials,   final   products,
manufacturing processes,  equipment,  age and size of plants,  or
water  usage,  required  the  development  of  separate  effluent
limitations   and   standards  for  different  segments  of   the
subcategory.   This  involved a detailed analysis  of  wastewater
discharge  and  treated effluent characteristics,  including  the
sources and volume of water used, the processes used, the sources
of pollutants and wastewaters in the plant, and the  constituents
of wastewaters including priority pollutants.  As a result, three
subdivisions  have  been  identified for  this  subcategory  that
warrant separate effluent limitations.  These include:

     1.   Spent battery electrolyte,
     2.   Acid wash and rinse water, and     A
     3.   Furnace wet air pollution control.

Several  distinct  control and treatment technologies  (both  in-
plant  and  end-of-pipe)  applicable  to  the  secondary  mercury
subcategory were identified.  The Agency analyzed both historical
and   newly   generated  data  on  the   performance   of   these
technologies,  including  their  nonwater  quality  environmental
impacts  and  air  quality, solid waste  generation,  and  energy
requirements.  EPA also studied various flow reduction techniques
reported  in  the  data collection  portfolios  (dcp)  and  plant
visits.

Engineering  costs  were  prepared for each of  the  control  and
treatment  options considered for the subcategory.   These  costs
were  then  used  by  the  Agency  to  estimate  the  impact   of
implementing  the various options on the subcategory.   For  each
control  and  treatment  option  that  the  Agency  found  to  be
effective  and technically feasible in controlling the  discharge
of  pollutants,  the  number of  potential  closures,  number  of
employees affected, and impact on price were investigated.  These
results  are  reported  in  a  separate  document  entitled  "The
Economic  Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations  and  Standards
for the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Industry."

No plants in the secondary mercury subcategory discharge  process
wastewater.  This is achieved by 100 percent recycle on-site or by
contractor  disposal of process wastewater, or is a result  of  a


                               2865
-------
             SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT - I
production   process  that  generates  no   process   wastewater.
Therefore, BPTf BAT, BCT, and PSES are not being promulgated  for
this subcategory.  The secondary mercury subcategory is regulated
under New Source Performance Standards and Pretreatment Standards
for New Sources.

After  examining the various treatment technologies,  the  Agency
has  identified  best  demonstrated  technology,   which  is  the
technical  basis  of  NSPS,   to  represent  the  best   existing
technology  in  the  nonferrous  metals  manufacturing  category.
Metals  removal based on chemical  precipitation,  sedimentation,
and  multimedia  filtration technology is the basis for the  NSPS
limitations.   In selecting NSPS,  EPA recognizes that new plants
have  the  opportunity to implement the best and  most  efficient
manufacturing processes and treatment technologies available.

PSES is not being promulgated for this subcategory because  there
are  no  existing indirect dischargers in the  secondary  mercury
subcategory.  For PSNS, the Agency selected end-of-pipe treatment
techniques equivalent to NSPS.

BCT  is  not  being  promulgated  because  there  are  no  direct
dischargers.

The  mass limitations for NSPS and PSNS are presented  in  Section
II.
                                2866
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
                                   SECT - II
                           SECTION II

                           CONCLUSIONS

EPA  has  divided the secondary mercury  subcategory  into  three
subdivisions  or  building  blocks for the  purpose  of  effluent
limitations and standards. These subdivisions are:

     (a)  Spent battery electrolyte,
     (b)  Acid wash and rinse water, and
     (c)  Furnace wet air pollution control.

BPT  is  not  being  promulgated  because  there  are  no  direct
dischargers in the secondary mercury subcategory.

BAT  is  not  being  promulgated  because  there  are  no  direct
dischargers in the secondary mercury  subcategory.

NSPS  are promulgated based on the performance achievable by  the
application   of  chemical  precipitation,   sedimentation,   and
multimedia   filtration   technology.  The   following   effluent
standards are promulgated for new sources:
(a)  Spent Battery Electrolyte  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
         Maximum for
         Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
    mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury produced from batteries
Lead
Mercury
TSS
pH
             0.030              0.014
             0.016              0.006
             1.590              1.272
  Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b)  Acid Wash and Rinse Water NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
         Maximum for
         Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
       mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury washed and rinsed
Lead
Mercury
TSS
pH
             0.00056            0.00026
             0.00030            0.00012
             0.03000            0.02400
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               2867
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
                                                SECT - II
(c)  Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                      Maximum for
                      Any One Day
                                       Maximum for
                                     Monthly Average
   rag/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury processed through furnace
Lead
Mercury
TSS
pH
                          0.000              0.000
                          0.000              0.000
                          0.000              0.000
             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
PSES  is  not  being promulgated because there  are  no  indirect
dischargers in the secondary mercury subcategory.

PSNS  are promulgated based on the performance achievable by  the
application   of  chemical  precipitation.   sedimentation,   and
multimedia  filtration  technology.  The  following  pretreatment
standards are promulgated for new sources:

(a)  Spent Battery Electrolyte  PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                      Maximum for
                      Any One Day
                                       Maximum for
                                     Monthly Average
    mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury produced from batteries
Lead
Mercury
                          0.030
                          0.016
                                             0.014
                                             0.006
(b)  Acid Wash and Rinse Water  PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
                      Maximum for
                      Any One Day
                                       Maximum for
                                     Monthly Average
       mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury washed and rinsed
Lead
Mercury
                          0.00056
                          0.00030
                                             0.00026
                                             0.00012
                               2868
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II
(c)  Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control  PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day    Monthly Average

   rog/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury processed through furnace
Lead                      0.000              0.000
Mercury                   0.000              0.000
BCT   is  not  being  promulgated  for  the   secondary   mercury
subcategory at this time.
                               2869
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                2870
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III



                           SECTION III

                       SUBCATEGORY PROFILE


This , section  of the secondary mercury supplement describes  the
raw  materials and processes used in producing secondary  mercury
and presents a profile of the secondary mercury plants identified
in this study.   For a discussion of the purpose,  authority, and
methodology  for  this study, and a general  description  of  the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category, refer to Section III of
Vol. I.-

Mercury is used in numerous agricultural, chemical and electrical
applications.   Mercury  is  used  extensively  in  the  chemical
industry, particularly in the production of chlorine and  caustic
soda.  Mercury compounds are also used extensively in paints  and
as  catalysts.  Agricultural uses of mercury  include  germicides
for  seed  protection  and weed  control,  and  fungicidal  fruit
sprays.  Electrical  applications include low-pressure  and  high
pressure mercury vapor lamps, power control switches, and drycell
batteries.   Other  uses are in barometers,  thermometers,  as  a
vibration  damper,  and  as a  coolant.   Mercury  produced  from
secondary  sources  is used in many applications, such  as  those
described above.

DESCRIPTION OF SECONDARY MERCURY PRODUCTION

The  production  of secondary mercury can be divided  into  three
distinct stages:   separation of gross impurities,  distillation,
and  acid washing.   The actual processes used in each stage vary
with the type and purity of the raw material used.  The secondary
mercury  production process is presented schematically in  Figure
III-l  (page 2876) and is described below.

RAW MATERIALS

Mercury  can  be  reclaimed  from a  variety  of  raw  materials.
including  thermometers,  switches, filters, controls,  zinc  and
silver amalgams, mercuric oxide battery cells, and other types of
scrap. Secondary mercury annually supplies the United States with
approximately  20  percent  of  domestic  requirements.   Several
plants  refining  secondary  mercury  also  refine  prime  virgin
mercury.  Although prime virgin mercury can be considered to be a
primary  raw  material,  its refining is included  with  secondary
mercury,  because  it is refined on-site with  secondary  mercury
using  the same equipment and production processes.


SEPARATION OF GROSS IMPURITIES

Depending  on  the type  of  raw material  being  processed,  gross
impurities,   such  as glass from mercury thermometers,  or  spent
electrolyte   from mercuric  oxide battery cells,  may have  to  be


                                2871
-------
                SECONDARY MERCURY  SUBCATEGORY    SECT  -  III


 separated   from the mercury.   The separation of gross   impurities
 must   occur prior  to  distilling the mercury.  Raw materials   such
 as  thermometers, switches,  filters, controls, and zinc and silver
 amalgams may  be separated from their  gross  impurities  by roasting
 in  a   furnace.    The mercury  is   separated from  impurities by
 vaporizing  it,  and then recovering mercury by  condensation  The
 nonvolatilized  solids are removed from  the  furnace after all  the
 mercury has  been removed.   A water scrubber  may  be used to
 control air emissions from  the mercury  furnace  and condenser, and
 the scrubber  may have a  discharge from  it.

 Before mercury can  be recovered from mercuric  oxide  battery
 cells,  the  battery  electrolyte must  be removed.   On a  small
 scale,  this  is most  likely accomplished by manually draining the
 spent   electrolyte from  each cell.    Spent  electrolyte removed in
 this step is  a  waste  stream.

 DISTILLATION

 Mercury distillation columns, also known as retorts   stills,  or
 kettles, are  used  to  produce high-purity mercury.  No   wastewater
 is  generated  by  this process.   A typical  distillation  process
 consists  of  charging raw, impure mercury  into the bottom  of  a
 still   and  heating the charge  to  a prescribed temperature,  some.
 what   less  than the  boiling point of mercury,  356.9°C.    While
 heating the charge, air  may be bubbled  through  the still in order
 to  oxidize   metallic impurities,  such  as   lead,  zinc,  cadmium,
 copper  or tin.  When  the charge reaches the critical temperature.
 the mercury  begins to vaporize,  and  the mercury is recovered  in
 an   overhead,   water    cooled    condensing    system.    Mercury
 distillation  may  be  run batchwise or continuously, and  in  both
 cases  it can  be considered  a dry  process.  None of the water used
 in  the  condensing  coils  contacts  the  mercury.

Multiple  distillation units may  be operated in series to produce
high purity (approximately  99.999999  percent) mercury.   Like the
 single  distillation  process,  no  wastewater  is  generated  by
multiple distillation units.

ACID WASHING

Another method for further purifying  mercury is acid washing  and
 rinsing.  In  this method, a small amount of dilute nitric acid is
used  to  wash the distilled mercury  product,  and then  a  small
amount  of distilled water  is used to wash the residual acid from
the  mercury  product.   Mercury of 99.9 percent  purity  can  be
produced  in  this manner.   The acid wash and rinse water may  be
discharged from this process as a waste stream.

PROCESS WASTEWATER SOURCES

Although a variety of processes are involved in secondary mercury
production   the process wastewater sources can be subdivided  as
follows:
                               2872
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III


     1.  Spent battery electrolyte,
     2.  Acid wash and rinse water, and
     3.  Furnace wet air pollution control.

OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES

There are other wastewater streams associated with the  secondary
mercury  subcategory.   These  wastewater  streams  may   include
stormwater runoff, maintenance and cleanup water, and  noncontact
cooling  water. These waste streams are not considered as a  part
of  this rulemaking.  EPA believes that the flows  and  pollutant
loadings  associated with these waste streams  are  insignificant
relative  to the waste streams selected, or are best  handled  by
the  appropriate permit authority on a case-by-case  basis  under
authority of Section 402 of the Clean Water Act.

AGE, PRODUCTION, AND PROCESS PROFILE

Figure  III-2   (page  2877)  shows  the  locations  of  the  four
secondary mercury plants operating in the United States.  Two  of
the  four plants are located near  the industrial centers  of  the
Northeast, one  is in Illinois, and one in California.

Table  III-l   (page  2874) shows the relative  age  and  discharge
status of the mercury plants and illustrates that all the  plants
were built after World War  II.  The average plant age is 30 years
old.   From  Table   lli-2  (page 2875), it can be  seen  that  two
plants  produce between  50  and 100 tons per year of metal,  while
one  plant produces  less than 25 tons per year.  Mean  production
is about  55  tons per year.

Table  III-3   (page  2875)  provides a summary of  the  number  of
plants  generating   wastewater for the waste  streams  associated
with various processes  and  the number of plants with the process.
                                2873
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III
                           Table III-l

         INITIAL OPERATING YEAR (RANGE) SUMMARY OP PLANTS
      IN THE SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY BY DISCHARGE TYPE
  Type
of Plant
Direct

Indirect

Zero

Dry
  Initial Operating Year (Range)
       (Plant Age in Years)
 1982-        1967-         1957-
 1968         1958          1948
(0-15)       (16-25)       (26-35)
  0

  0

  0

  0
0

0

0

1
0

0

2

0
Total


  0

  0

  2

  2*
TOTAL
                                           4
*One plant did not report initial operating year
                               2874
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III
                            Table I.II-2

     PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE SECONDARY MERQURY SUBCATEGORY


                Mercury Production Range for 1982
0-25
Plant ( tons/yr )
0
0
1
0

25-50
( tons/yr )
0
0
0
0

50-100
(tons/yr)
0
0
i
i

Total Number
of Plants
0
0
2
2*
4-
Direct

Indirect

Zero

Dry
* One plant did not report mercury production.
                             Table II1-3

          SUMMARY OF SUBCATEGORY PROCESSES AND ASSOCIATED
                           WASTE STREAMS
    Process or Waste Stream


Spent battery electrolyte

Furnace wet air pollution control

Distillation

Acid wash and rinse water
  Number of
 Plants With
  Process or
Waste Stream
    Number
   of Plants
   Reporting
   Generation
of Wastewater*
1
1
4
1
1
0
0
1
*Through reuse or evaporation practices, a plant may "generate"
 a wastewater from a particular process but not discharge it.
                               2875
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III
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-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT  -  III
                                                          en

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                      2877
-------
 SECONDARY  MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT -  III
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
               2878
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT- IV



                           SECTION IV

                        SOBCATEGORIZATION


This  section  summarizes  the  factors  considered  during   the
designation of the secondary mercury subcategory and its  related
subdivisions.    Production  normalizing  parameters   for   each
subdivision will also be discussed.

FACTORS CONSIDERED IN SUBDIVIDING THE SECONDARY MERCURY
SUBCATEGORY

The general factors for subcategorization listed previously  were
each  evaluated  when considering subdivision  of  the  secondary
mercury subcategory.  In the discussion that follows, the factors
will be described as they pertain to this subcategory.

The  rationale  for  considering  subdivision  of  the  secondary
mercury  subcategory  is based primarily on  differences  in  the
production  processes  and  raw  materials  used.   Within   this
subcategory,  a  number of different  operations  are  performed,
which may or may not have a water use or discharge, and which may
require  the  establishment  of  separate  effluent  limitations.
While  secondary  mercury is considered a single  subcategory,  a
more  thorough  examination  of  the  production  processes   has
illustrated  the  need  for limitations and  standards  based  on
specific flow allowances for the following subdivisions:

     1.  Spent battery electrolyte,
     2.  Acid wash and rinse water, and
     3.  Furnace wet air pollution control.

These  subdivisions follow directly from differences  within  the
three   distinct   production  states   of   secondary   mercury:
separation  of  gross impurities,  distillation,  and  additional
purification.   A secondary mercury plant may have one,  two,  or
all three of these production states.

Separation of gross impurities such as spent battery  electrolyte
or  glass  from thermometers gives rise to the  first  and  third
subdivisions:   spent  battery electrolyte and  furnace  wet  air
pollution control.  A plant which  recovers mercury from  mercuric
oxide  battery cells must first drain the spent electrolyte  from
the  cells.   This wastewater may  be discharged.  A  plant  which
recovers  mercury from recycled thermometers, switches,  filters,
and  amalgams may remove the mercury from the unwanted solids  by
vaporizing  mercury in a furnace.  After condensing  the  product
mercury, the air emissions may be  controlled with a  scrubber. The
furnace scrubber may have a discharge, and this creates the  need
for the third subdivision.

Additional   purification of the mercury product gives rise to the
secpnd subdivision:  acid wash and rinse water.  After distilling


                                2879
-------
                SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IV
                                                  *

 the mercury,  it may be washed with acid and rinsed with water to
 increase  its  purity.   The acid wash and  rinse  water  may  be
 discharged as a waste stream.

 OTHER FACTORS

 The other factors considered in this evaluation were shown to  be
 inappropriate  bases  for  subdivision.   Air  pollution  control
 methods,  treatment  costs,  and total  energy  requirements  are
 functions  of  the selected subcategorization  factors  —  metal
 product,  raw  materials, and production  processes.   Therefore,
 they   are  not  independent  factors  and  do  not  affect   the
 subcategorization which has been applied.   Certain other factors,
 such as plant age, plant size,  and the number of employees   were
 also  evaluated  and determined to be inappropriate  for  use  as
 bases for subdivision of secondary mercury plants.

 PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS

 As   discussed previously, the effluent limitations  and  standards
 developed  in  this document establish mass limitations   for  the
 discharge  of  specific  pollutant  parameters.    To  allow  these
 regulations  to  be  applied to plants  with  various production
 capacities,  the mass of pollutant discharged must be related to a
 unit  of  production.    This factor is known  as  the production
 normalizing parameter  (PNP).

 In   general,   for  each  production process  which has  a wastewater
 associated with it,   the actual mass  of  mercury product  or  inter-
 mediate  produced will be used as the  PNP   Thus,  the PNPs  for  th<=»
 three  subdivisions  are  as follows:
         Subdivision

1.  Spent battery electrolyte
2.  Acid wash and rinse water

3.  Furnace wet air pollution
    control
    PNP

mercury produced from
 batteries

mercury washed and rinsed

mercury processed through
 furnace
Other PNPs were considered.   The use of production capacity  in-
stead  of actual production was eliminated from consideration be-
cause  the mass of the pollutant produced is more a  function  of
true production than of installed capacity.
                               2880
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V



                            SECTION V

            WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS

This  section  describes the characteristics of  the  wastewaters
associated with the secondary mercury subcategory.  Waterjise and
discharge  rates are explained and then summarized in  tables  at
the  end  of  this  section.   Data  used  to  characterize   the
wastewaters  are presented.  Finally, the specific source,  water
use and discharge flows/ and wastewater characteristics for  each
separate wastewater source are discussed.

The  two principal data sources were used in the  development  of
effluent limitations and standards for this subcategory are  data
collection  portfolios  (dcp) and field sampling  results.   Data
collection  portfolios contain information  regarding  wastewater
flows and production levels.

In  order  to  quantify the pollutant  discharge  from  secondary
mercury  plants,  the  levels  of  priority  pollutants   in   the
wastewaters  must  be  known.   Since  field  sampling  was   not
performed  at  any plants  in the secondary  mercury  subcategory,
analytical data, presented in Section V of the supplement for the
primary precious metals and mercury  subcategory,  were transferred
from  a primary mercury plant to characterize wastewater  in  the
secondary  mercury   subcategory.  In general,  the   samples  were
analyzed  for  two classes  of pollutants  (including 13 of  ther 126
priority  pollutants):   priority metal pollutants   and   criteria
pollutants  (which includes both conventional and  nonconventional
pollutants).   Because  the  analytical standard for TCDD was nudged
to  be too hazardous  to be  made generally available,  samples  were
never  analyzed  for  this pollutant.  Samples  were also  never
analyzed  for  asbestos or  cyanide.   There  is no reason to expect
that  TCDD,  asbestos,  or  cyanide would be present   in   secondary
mercury wastewater.

As  described   in Section  IV of  this  supplement,  the   secondary
mercury subcategory  has been divided into  three wastewater source
oriented  subdivisions  or building  blocks,  so that the promulgated
regulation  contains  mass discharge  limitations and  standards  ^for
three manufacturing  processes  that  discharge process wastewater.
Differences  in  the wastewater  characteristics   associated   with
these   subdivisions   are  to  be  expected.    For  this    reason,
wastewater   streams   corresponding to      each   subdivision   are
addressed  separately in the discussions  that      follow.  These
wastewater  sources  are:

      1.   Spent battery electrolyte,
      2.   Acid wash and rinse water, and
      3.   Furnace wet air pollution control.

 No  additional sampling data for this subcategory  were   obtained
 from  EPA sampling efforts or industry comments  between   proposal
 and   promulgation.     Characterization   of   secondary    mercury
                                2881
-------
                SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


 subcategory  wastewaters (Section V), and selection of
 parameters  for limitation (Section VI) are based upon
 data used for proposal.

 WASTEWATER FLOW RATES
pollutant
the  same
 Data  supplied by dcp responses were evaluated, and two  flow-to-
 production ratios, water use and wastewater discharge flow,  were
 calculated for each stream.  The two ratios are differentiated by
 the flow value used in calculation.  Water use is defined as  the
 volume  of water or other fluid required for a given process  ppr
 mass  of  mercury product and is therefore based on  the  sum  of
 recycle  and make-up flows to a given process.   Wastewater  flow
 discharged  after pretreatment or recycle (if these are  present)
 is  used  in calculating the production normalized  flow  —  the
 volume  of wastewater discharged from a given process to  further
 treatment,  disposal, or discharge per mass of mercury  produced.
 Differences between the water use and wastewater flows associated
 with a given stream result from recycle, evaporation, and  carry-
 over  on the product.  The production values used in  calculation
 correspond to the production normalizing parameter, PNP, assigned
 to  each stream,  as outlined in Section IV.   As an example,  acid
 wash  and  rinse  water flow is related to the amount  of  mercury
 washed  and rinsed.   As such, the discharge rate is expressed  in
 liters  of  acid  wash and rinse water per metric ton  of  mercury
 washed  and rinsed (gallons of acid wash and rinse water per  ton
 of mercury washed and rinsed).

 The  production   normalized  discharge flows  were  compiled  and
 statistically  analyzed  by  stream  type.     These   production
 normalized  water  use  and  discharge  flows  are  presented  by
 subdivision in Tables V-l through V-3 (pages 2885  - 2886).   Where
 appropriate,  an  attempt was made to identify factors that   could
 account   for  variations  in water  use and discharge rates.    These
 variations are discussed later  in this  section by  subdivision.  A
 similar   analysis of factors affecting the  wastewater   flows  is
 presented  in Sections XI and XII  where representative   NSPS  and
 pretreatment  flows   are  selected for   use   in calculatinq  the
 effluent  limitations.

 WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS  DATA

 Data used  to  characterize  the various wastewaters  associated with
 secondary  mercury  production  come  from  two  sources  —   data
 collection  portfolios   and analytical  data  from   field  sampling
 trips.                                                       ^  y

 DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIOS

 In  the  data  collection portfolios,   the  mercury  plants   that
 generate  wastewater  were  asked  to   specify  the  presence  of
priority  pollutants  in their wastewater.  No  plants  indicated
 that any priority organic pollutants were present.  However,  one
of the two plants stated that they either knew priority metals to
be  present  or  they believed the metals  to  be  present.   The
                               2882
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
                 SECT - V
responses for the metals and cyanide are summarized below:
                Pollutant

                Antimony
                Arsenic
                Beryllium
                Cadmium
                Chromium
                Copper
                Cyanide .
                Lead
                Mercury
                Nickel
                Selenium
                Silver
                Thallium
                Zinc
 Known
Present

   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   1
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
Believed
Present

   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   1
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
FIELD SAMPLING DATA

In order to quantify the concentrations of pollutants present  in
wastewater from secondary mercury plants, wastewater samples were
collected at one primary mercury plant, which roasts mercury  ore
to  produce  mercury  metal.  Analytical data  from  the  primary
mercury  plant  are presented in the supplement for  the  primary
precious  metals  and mercury subcategory.  Primary  mercury  and
secondary  mercury  field  sampling data  are  expected  to  show
similar characteristics because of similarities in raw  materials
and  production  processes.   Both  plants  roast  or  distill  a
mercury-containing raw material and use wet scrubbers to  control
emissions, and also wash their product to increase its purity.

WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOWS BY SUBDIVISION

Since  secondary .mercury  production  involves  three  principal
sources   of  wastewater  and  each  has  potentially   different
characteristics  and  flows, the wastewater  characteristics  and
discharge  rates  corresponding  to  each  subdivision  will   be
described separately.  A brief description of why the  associated
production  processes generate a wastewater and explanations  for
variations  of  water use within each subdivision  will  also  be
discussed.

SPENT BATTERY ELECTROLYTE

One plant recovers mercury from mercuric oxide battery cells. The
first  step  in this recovery is to drain the  spent  electrolyte
from the cells.  Spent battery electrolyte may be discharged as a
wastewater stream.  Production normalized water use and discharge
rates  for this waste stream are shown in Table V-l (page  2885),
in  liters  per metric ton of mercury  produced  from  batteries.
This  subdivision  is similar to spent battery  electrolyte  from
lead  batteries  (see  the battery cracking  subdivision  of  the
                               2883
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


secondary  lead  subcategory), however, secondary  mercury  spent
electrolyte   is   not  expected  to   have   similar   pollutant
characteristics nor similar production normalized flows.

Although  spent battery electrolyte was not  sampled,  wastewater
from   the   primary  mercury  industry   should   have   similar
characteristics to this waste stream.  Spent battery  electrolyte
should contain treatable concentrations of priority metals, total
suspended solids, and exhibit a low pH.

ACID WASH AND RINSE WATER

After  recovering mercury in a distillation system,  the  product
may  be washed with dilute nitric acid and rinsed with  distilled
water  in  order to further purify it.   Acid washing  and  water
rinsing  produces" a high-purity (99.9 percent) mercury  product,
and  also generates a wastewater stream which may be  discharged.
The production normalized water use and discharge rates for  acid
wash and rinse water are given in Table V-2 (page 2885) in liters
per metric ton of mercury washed and rinsed.

Although acid wash and rinse water was not sampled, data from the
primary  mercury industry should be similar to this waste stream..
Acid wash and rinse water should contain treatable concentrations
of priority metals, total suspended solids, and exhibit a low pH.

FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

One  plant  recovers mercury from sources such  as  thermometers,
switches,  contacts, and amalgams by heating the raw materials in
a furnace in order to vaporize the mercury.  After condensing the
mercury product, air emissions from the furnace may be controlled
with a wet scrubber.   The furnace scrubber may have a  discharge
associated  with it.   Water use and discharge rates for  furnace
wet air pollution control are presented in Table V-3 (page 2886).
Only one     plant has this process and operates its scrubber  at
100 percent     recycle.
                                2884
-------
     SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
       ,'            Table V-l

        WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
            SPENT BATTERY ELECTROLYTE

    (1/kkg of mercury produced from batteries)
Plant Code
Percent
Recycle
Production
Normalized
Water Use
Production
Normalized
Discharge
   Flow
   1161
               106
                    Table V-2

        WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
         .   ACID WASH AND RINSE WATER

       (1/kkg of mercury washed and rinsed)
                  106
Plant Code
Percent
Recycle
Production
Normalized
Water Use
Production
Normalized
Discharge
   Flow
   1161
   0
   2.0
   2.0
                     2885
-------
     SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
                    Table V-3

        WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
        FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

   (1/kkg of mercury processed through furnace)
Plant Code
Percent
Recycle
Production
Normalized
Water Use
Production
Normalized
Discharge
   Flow
   1011
  100
 Unknown
                     2886
-------
                 SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
                                                 SECT -  VI
                            SECTION VI

                 SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
 Although  wastewater   from secondary mercury facilities   was  not
 sampled,   it   should   have similar  characteristics  to wastewater
 from a  primary mercury facility.    Analytical data  from  a primary
 mercury  plant are presented  in Section V of the  supplement  for
 primary precious metals and mercury.   This  section examines that
 data and discusses the selection or  exclusion of pollutants  for
 potential limitation.
 The  basis  for  the  regulation of  toxic and other pollutants   along
 with  a  discussion  of each  pollutant  selected   for  potential
 limitation is  discussed in Section VI of the General  Development
            That discussion provides information  concerning  the
            the  pollutant  (i.e.,  whether  it  is a  naturally
            substance,   processed  metal,  or   a   manufactured
            general  physical  properties and  the  form  of  the
            toxic  effects of the pollutant in humans  and   other
            and behavior  of  the  pollutant  in  POTW   at    the
Document.
nature  of
occurring
compound);
pollutant;
animals;
concentrations expected in industrial discharges.

The  discussion that follows presents and briefly  discusses  the
selection  of conventional pollutants for  effluent  limitations.
Also  described is the analysis that was performed to  select  or
exclude   priority  pollutants  for  further  consideration   for
limitations  and  standards.  Pollutants will be  considered  for
limitation if they are present in concentrations treatable by the
technologies   considered  in  this  analysis.    The   treatable
concentrations  used for the priority metals were  the  long-term
performance   values   achievable  by   chemical   precipitation,
sedimentation, and filtration.

CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

This study examined samples for the secondary mercury subcategory
for  three  conventional  pollutant parameters (oil  and  grease,
total suspended solids, and pH).

CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS SELECTED

The conventional pollutants or pollutant parameters selected  for
limitation  in this subcategory are:

     total suspended solids (TSS)
     PH
No   nonconventional  pollutants  or  pollutant  parameters
selected for limitation in this subcategory.
                                                             are
TSS  are expected to be present in secondary mercury  wastewaters
in   concentrations  exceeding  that  achievable  by   identified
                               2887
-------
                SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT -  VI


treatment  technologies  (2.6  mg/1).   In  the  primary  mercury
plant's  wastewater,  TSS concentrations ranged from  4  mg/1  to
3,700  mg/1.  Furthermore, most of the specific methods  used  to
remove  toxic  metals  do  so  by  converting  these  metals   to
precipitates,   and  these  toxic-metal-containing   precipitates
should  not  be  discharged.   Meeting  a  limitation  on   total
suspended solids helps ensure that removal of these  precipitated
toxic  metals  has  been effective.   For  these  reasons,  total
suspended solids are selected for limitation in this subcategory.

Spent  battery  electrolyte  and acid wash and  rinse  water  are
expected to have pH values less than pH 7.5, which is outside the
pH  7.5  to  10  range  considered  desirable  for  discharge  to
receiving  waters.   Four of the six primary  mercury  wastewater
samples  had  pH values between 2.3 and  2.6.   Many  deleterious
effects  are caused by extreme pH values or rapid changes in  pH.
Also, effective removal of toxic metals by precipitation requires
careful  control  of pH.  Since pH control within  the  desirable
limits  is  readily  attainable by  available  treatment,  pH  is
selected for limitation in this subcategory.

TOXIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS

Raw  wastewater  from secondary mercury plants was  not  sampled,
however, raw wastewater samples from the primary mercury industry
should be representative of the wastewater from secondary mercury
plants.   These data provide the basis for the categorization  of
specific pollutants, as discussed below.  Treatment plant samples
were not considered in the frequency count.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

The priority pollutants listed in Table VI-1 (page 2891) were not
detected  or  not  analyzed for in any  raw  wastewater  samples;
therefore,   they   are  not  selected   for   consideration   in
establishing limitations.

TOXIC   POLLUTANTS   NEVER   FOUND  ABOVE   THEIR   ANALYTICAL
QUANTIFICATION CONCENTRATION

The priority pollutants listed below were never found above their
analytical  quantification  concentration in any  raw  wastewater
samples;  therefore,  they are not selected for consideration  in
establishing limitations.

     114.  antimony
     117.  beryllium
     119.  chromium (Total)
     120.  copper
     124.  nickel
     125.  selenium
     126.  silver
                                2888
-------
                SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT -  VI


TOXIC  POLLUTANTS  PRESENT BELOW CONCENTRATIONS ACHIEVABLE  BY
TREATMENT

The pollutants listed below are not selected for consideration in
establishing  limitations because they were not found in any  raw
wastewater samples above concentrations considered achievable  by
existing  or available treatment technologies.   These pollutants
are discussed individually following the list.

     115.  arsenic
     118.  cadmium

Arsenic  was detected above the quantification concentration  but
below  the treatable concentration in one sample  analyzed.   The
sample  contained (K32 mg/1 arsenic which is below the 0.34  mg/1
treatable concentration.   Therefore, arsenic is not selected for
limitation.

Cadmium  was detected above the quantification  concentration  in
one   sample   analyzed.    The  sample   indicated   a   cadmium
concentration  of  0.04  mg/1.   This is  below  the  0.049  mg/1
treatable  concentration,  thus  cadmium  is  not  selected   for
limitation.

TOXIC   POLLUTANTS  SELECTED  FOR  FURTHER  CONSIDERATION   IN.
ESTABLISHING LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS

The  priority  pollutants listed below are selected  for  further
consideration in establishing limitations and standards for  this
subcategory.    The   toxic  pollutants  selected   for   further
consideration  for  limitation are each discussed  following  the
list.                                                      ,

     122.  lead
     123.  mercury
     127.  thallium
     128.  zinc

Lead  was detected above its treatable concentration of 0.08 mg/1
in one sample.   This sample indicated a lead concentration of 22
mg/1.   Lead  is also expected to be present in wastewaters  from
this  industry because it is a contaminant of the  raw  materials
used  for mercury recovery.   Thus,  lead is selected for further
consideration for limitation.

Mercury  was  present  above  treatable  concentrations  in   the
wastewater from this industry.  One sample showed a concentration
of  360 mg/1 of mercury.  In the recovery of  secondary  mercury,
mercury contacts various aqueous streams in which it is partially
soluble.   For  these reasons, mercury is  selected  for  further
consideration for limitation.

Thallium  was detected above its treatable concentration of  0.34
mg/1 in one sample.  This sample indicated 0.61 mg/1 of thallium.
Thus, thallium is selected for consideration for limitation.


                               2889
-------
                SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT -  VI
Zinc  was detected above treatable concentrations in  one  sample
indicating  0.73 mg/1.   Treatable concentration for zinc is 0.23
mg/1.   Zinc  is also expected to be present in wastewaters  from
this  industry because it is present in batteries which are  used
as raw materials for secondary mercury recovery.  Therefore, zinc
is selected for further consideration for limitation.
                               2890
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT -  VI
                          TABLE VI-1

                TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

 1.  acenaphthene*
 2.  acrolein*
 3.  acrylonitrile*
 4.  benzene*
 5.  benzidine*
 6.  carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)*
 7.  chlorobenzene*
 8.  1,2,4-trichlorobenzene*
 9.  hexachlorobenzene*
10.  1,2-dichloroethane*
11.  1,1,1-trichloroethane*
12.  hexachloroethane*
13.  1,1-dichloroethane*
14.  1,1,2-trichloroethane*
15.  1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane*
16.  chloroethane*
17.  bis (chloromethyl) ether (Deleted)*
18.  bis (2-chloroethyl) ether*
19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (mixed)*
20.  2-chloronaphthalene*
21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol*
22.  parachlorometa cresol*
23.  chloroform (trichloromethane)*
24.  2-chlorophenol*
25.  1,2-dichlorooenzene*
26.  lr3-dichlorobenzene*
27.  l,4'-dichlorobenzene*
28.  3.3 -dichlorobenzidine*
29.  1.1-dichloroethylene*
30.  1,2-trans-dichloroethylene*
31.  2,4-dichlorophenol*
32.  1^2-dichloropropane*
33.  1.2-dichloropropylene (1.3-dichloropropene)*
34.  2,4-dimethylphenol*
35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene*
36».  2,6-dinitrotoluene*
37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine*
38.  ethylbenzene*
39.  fluoranthene*
40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether*
41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether*
42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl)  ether*
43.  bis(2-choroerhoxy) methane*
44.  methylene chloride (dichloromethane)*
45.  methyl chloride (chloromethane)*
46.  methyl bromide (brpmomethane)*
47.  bromoform (tribromomethane)*
                              2891
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT -  VI
                    TABLE VI-1 (Continued)

                TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

48.  dichlorobromomethane*
49.  trichlorofluoromethane (Deleted)*
50.  dichlorodifluoromethane (Delered)*
51.  chlorodibromomethane*
52.  hexachlorooutadiene*
53.  hexachlorocyclopentadiene*
54.  isophorone*
55.  naphthalene*
56.  nitrobenzene*
57.  2-nitrophenol*
58.  4-nitrophenol*
59.  2f4-dinitrophenol*
60.  4,6-dinitro-o-cresol*
61.  N-nitrosodimethylamine*
62.  N.nitrosodiphenylamine*
63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine*
64.  pentachlorophenol*
65.  phenol*
66.  bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate*
67.  butyl benzyl phthalate*
68.  di.n-butyl phthalate*
69.  di-n-octyl phthalate*
70.  diethyl phthalate*
71.  dimethyl phthalate*
72.  benzo (a)anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene)*
73.  benzo (a)pyrene (3f4-benzopyrene)*
74.  3,4-benzofluoranthene*
75.  benzo(k)fluoranthane (11,12-benzofluoranthene)*
76.  chrysene*
77.  acenaphthylene*
78.  anthracene*
79.  benzo(ghi)perylene (1,11-benzoperylene)*
80.  fluorene*
81.  phenanthrene*
82.  dibenzo (a,h)anthracene (1,2.5,6-dibenzanthracene)*
83.  indeno (1.2,3-cd)pyrene (w,e,-o-phenylenepyrene)*
84.  pyrene*
85.  tetrachloroethylene*
86.  toluene*
87.  trichloroethylene*
88.  vinyl chloride  (chloroethylene)*
89.  aldrin*
90.  dieldrin*
91.  chlordane  (technical mixture and metabolites)*
92.  4,4'-DDT*
93.  4,4'-DDE(p,p'DDX)*
94.  4,4'-DDD(p,p'TDE)*
                              2892
-------
                 SECONDARY  MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT -  VI
                      TABLE  VI-1  (Continued)

                 TOXIC  POLLUTANTS  NEVER DETECTED

  95.  Alpha-endosulfan*
  96.  Beta-endosulfan*
  97.  endosulfan sulfate*        •
  98.  endrin*
  99.  endrin aldehyde*
 100.  heptachlor*'
 101.  heptachlor epoxide*
 102.  Alpha-BHC*                                 .'•'•''.'•
 103.  Beta-BHC-*
 104.  Gamma-BHC .(lindane)*
 105.  Delta-BHC*
 106.  PCB-1242 (Arochlor 1242)*
 107.  PCB-1254 (Arochlor 1254)*
 108.  PCB-1221 (Arochlor 1221)*
 109.  PCB-1ZPZ (Arochlor 1232)*
 110.  PCB-1Z?8 (Arochlor 1248)*
 111.  PCB-1Z60 (Arochlor 1260)*
 112.  PCB-1016 (Arochlor 1016)*
 113.  toxaphene*
 116.  asbestos (Fibrous)
 121.  cyanide (Total)*
 129.  2,3,7,8-tetra chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

 *We  did  not  analyze  for these pollutants in  samples  of  raw
wastewater  from  this subcategory.   These  pollutants  are  not
believed  to  be present based on the Agency's  best  engineering
 judgment  which  includes  consideration  of  raw  materials  and
process operations.
                               2893
-------
 SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT -  VI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                2894
-------
             SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VII



                            SECTION VII

                CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES


 The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the  sources,
 flows,   and  characteristics  of the wastewaters  from  secondary
 mercury plants.   This section summarizes the description of these
 wastewaters  and  indicates the treatment technologies which  are
 currently practiced in the secondary mercury subcategory for each
 waste stream.    Secondly,  this section  presents the control  and
 treatment  technology  options which were examined by the  Agency
 for possible application  to the secondary mercury subcategory.

 CURRENT CONTROL  AND TREATMENT PRACTICES

 This  section  presents  a summary of the control  and  treatment
 technologies  that   are currently being  applied  to  each  of  the
 sources generating  wastewater in this subcategory.    As discussed
 in   Section V, wastewater associated with the secondary  mercury
 subcategory  is  characterized by the presence of the toxic  metal
 pollutants   and  suspended solids.   This  analysis is supported  by
 the raw (untreated)  wastewater data presented for primary mercury
 sources  as well as raw  materials and  production  processes  as
 shown in Section VI.   Generally,  these pollutants are present  in
 each of the waste  streams at concentrations  above  treatability,
 and  these   waste streams are commonly  combined  for  treatment.
 Construction of one  wastewater  treatment  system  for  combined-
 treatment   allows plants  to take  advantage of economic scale and
 in  .some instances  to  combine streams  of  different  alkalinity  to
 reduce   treatment   chemical  requirements.    No   plants  in   this
 subcategory currently  treat their  wastewater.  One  plant   employs
 contractor   disposal of their  wastewater, arid one  plant   employs
 100  percent  recycle  of  scrubber  liquor.   The  options  selected for
 consideration  for   NSPS   and pretreatment   based  on   combined
 treatment   of these  compatible waste streams  will   be  summarized
 toward  the  end of this  section.

 SPENT BATTERY ELECTROLYTE

Mercury  may  be reclaimed  from recycled mercuric   oxide  battery
cells.   Before  distilling  the mercury contained in  the  battery,
the  spent  electrolyte must be  drained.   One  plant  processes
recycled  batteries,  and  has  their spent  battery   electrolyte
hauled away by an approved contractor.

ACID WASH AND RINSE WATER

After recovering mercury from recycled batteries by distillation,
the  mercury product may be further  purified.   Purification  is
effected by washing the mercury with dilute nitric acid, and then
rinsing  it  with water.   One plant generates an acid  wash  and
rinse  wastewater  stream in this manner, and disposes of  it  by
having a contractor haul it away.


                               2895
-------
            SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VII
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

Mercury  may  be  reclaimed  from  scrap  such  as  thermometers,
switches,  filters,  controls,  amalgams,  and  soil  samples  by
vaporizing  the  mercury  in a  furnace.   After  recovering  the
vaporized  mercury  by condensation,  the air emissions from  the
furnace  may  be  controlled with  a  wet  scrubber.   One  plant
practices  furnace  wet air pollution control,  and recycles _100
percent of the scrubber liquor.  There is no liquid effluent from
this process.

CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS

The Agency examined- two control and treatment technology  options
that  are applicable to the secondary mercury  subcategory.   The
options  selected for evaluation represent a combination of  end-
of-pipe  treatment  technologies.  The  effectiveness  of   these
technologies is detailed in Section VII of Vol. I.

OPTION A

Option  A for the secondary mercury subcategory requires  control
and  treatment technologies to reduce the discharge of wastewater
pollutant mass.

The Option A treatment scheme consists of chemical  precipitation
and sedimentation technology.   Specifically,  lime or some other
alkaline  compound  is  used  to precipitate metal ions  as  metal
hydroxides.  The metal hydroxides  and suspended solids settle out
and  the  sludge   is collected.    Vacuum filtration   is  used   to
dewater  sludge.

OPTION C

Option   C for  the  secondary mercury subcategory consists  of  all
control   and   treatment   requirements   of  Option  A   (chemical
precipitation   and  sedimentation)  plus multimedia   filtration
technology   added   at  the  end of  the Option A  treatment  scheme.
Multimedia   filtration  is used   to  remove   suspended   solids,
including   precipitates  of   metals,   beyond   the   concentration
attainable  by  gravity  sedimentation.   The  filter  suggested  is   of
the  gravity,  mixed media  type,  although other forms  of   filters,
such   as  rapid sand  filters  or  pressure  filters   would  perform
satisfactorily.   The  addition of  filters also provides consistent
 removal   during  periods  in which there are   rapid   increases   in
 flows  or loadings  of  pollutants  to the  treatment  system.
                                2896
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            SECONDARY  MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VIII



                           SECTION VIII                     .  .

            COSTS,  ENERGY,  AND NONWATER  QUALITY ASPECTS


 This   section  presents  a summary of compliance  costs   for   the
 secondary   mercury subcategory and a description of  the  treatment
 options  and   subcategory-specific assumptions  used  to  develop
 these  estimates.   Together with the estimated pollutant removal
 performance presented in  Section XI of  this   supplement,  these
 cost   estimates  provide a basis  for evaluating  each  regulatory
 option.   These  cost estimates are also used  in determining   the
 probable  economic impact  of regulation on the  subcategory   at
 different pollutant discharge levels.

 As  there are  no existing  direct  or indirect dischargers in  this
 subcategory,   plant-by-plant compliance cost estimation   was   not
 appropriate.   Rather,  based  on  analysis  of  the  production
 sampling    data  from plants  presently in    the  subcategory,
 compliance  costs  for new  source  model  plants  were estimated   for
 each   of   the considered  treatment   options.    Since   no    new
 information or data were received from  industry comments  between
 proposal  and  promulgation,  new  source  model  plant  compliance
 costs  for promulgation are the same as  for proposal.

 In   addition,   this  section   addresses    nonwater    quality
 environmental   impacts  of   wastewater  treatment   and   control
 alternatives,  including air  pollution,  solid  wastes, and energy
 requirements,  which  are   specific to  the   secondary   mercury
 subcategory.

 TREATMENT OPTIONS  FOR NEW  SOURCES

 As  discussed  in  Section  VII,  two treatment  options  have  been
 developed and  considered in proposing standards  for  the  secondary
 mercury  subcategory.   These   options  are summarized  below   and
 schematically  presented   in  Figures XI-1 and  XI-2 Pages  2914
 2915).

 OPTION A

 The Option A treatment scheme  consists  of chemical  precipitation
 and sedimentation  technology.

 OPTION C

 Option  C for  the secondary mercury subcategory consists  of  all
 control   and  treatment   requirements  of  Option  A    (chemical
 precipitation  and  sedimentation)  plus  multimedia   filtration
 technology added at the'end of the Option A treatment scheme.

 COST METHODOLOGY

A  detailed  discussion of the methodology used  to  develop  the


                               2897
-------
           SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VIII


compliance  costs  is  presented  in  Section  VIII  of  Vol.  I.
Projected  compliance  costs for new source model plants  in  the
secondary  mercury  subcategory  have  been  determined  and  are
presented   in   the  administrative   record   supporting   this
regulation.   The costs developed for the promulgated  regulation
are  presented in Table VIII-1 (page 2901) for model new  sources
in the secondary mercury subcategory.

Each of the general assumptions used to develop compliance  costs
is presented in Section VIII of Vol. I. Each subcategory contains
a  unique  set of waste streams  requiring  certain  subcategory-
specific  assumptions to develop compliance costs.   Three  major
assumptions  relevant to the cost estimation of new source  model
plants in the secondary mercury subcategory are discussed briefly
below.

     (1)  Operating hours are assumed to be 2,000 hours per  year
          (8 hrs/day, 250 days/yr).

     (2)  Treatment  of  the  furnace wet air  pollution  control
          wastewater stream is not included in the cost  estimate
          because it is considered a process step in the recovery
          of mercury from furnace scrubber liquor.

     (3)  Pollutant  concentration  data for the  two  wastewater
          streams   included   in  the  treatment   scheme   were
          transferred  from the calciner venturi scrubber in  the
          primary mercury subcategory.

NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS

Nonwater  quality  impacts  specific  to  the  secondary  mercury
subcategory, including energy requirements, solid waste, and  air
pollution are discussed below.

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

The  methodology used for determining the energy requirements for
the  various options is discussed in Section VIII of the  General
Development Document.   Energy requirements for new source  model
plants  are  estimated  at 2,300 kwh/yr for Option  A  and   3,500
kwh/yr for Option C.  Option C energy requirements increase  over
those  for Option A because filtration is being added as an  end-
of-pipe  treatment technology.  Both options represent less  than
one  percent of a typical existing plant's energy usage.   It   is
therefore expected that the energy requirements of the  treatment
options considered will have no significant impact on total  plant
energy consumption for new sources.

SOLID WASTE

Sludge  generated in the secondary mercury subcategory is due   to
the precipitation of metal hydroxides and carbonates using   lime.
Sludges  associated with the secondary mercury  subcategory  will
necessarily contain quantities of toxic metal pollutants.  Wastes


                                2898
-------
            SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT -VIII


 generated  by  secondary  metal industries can  be  regulated  as
 hazardous.   However, the Agency examined the solid  wastes  that
 would  be generated at secondary nonferrous metals  manufacturing
 plants by the suggested treatment technologies and believes  they
 are   not  hazardous  wastes  under . the   Agency's   regulations
"implementing  Section  3001  of  the  Resource  Conservation  and
 Recovery  Act.   None of the secondary mercury  wastes are  listed
 specifically  as  hazardous,  nor are they likely  to  exhibit  a
 characteristic  of hazardous waste.  This judgment is made  based
 on   the  recommended  technology  of  lime   precipitation   and
 filtration.    By the addition of a small (5-10%) excess  of  lime
 during  treatment,  similar sludges,  specifically  toxic  metal-
 bearing  sludges, generated by other industries such as the  iron
 and steel industry passed the Extraction Procedure (EP)  toxicity
 test.   See  40 CFR $261.24. Thus, the Agency believes  that  the
 wastewater  sludges  will  .similarly  not  be  EP  toxic  if  the
 recommended technology is applied.

 Although it is the Agency's view that solid wastes generated as a
 result  of  these  guidelines are not expected  to  be  hazardous
 generators  of  these wastes must test the waste to determine  if
 the  wastes  meet any of the characteristics of  hazardous  waste
 (see 40 CFR 262.11).

 If these wastes should be identified or are listed as  hazardous,
 they  will  come  within the scope of RCRA's  "cradle  to  grave"
 hazardous waste management program, requiring regulation from the
 point  of  generation  to  point  of  final  disposition.   EPA's
 generator   standards  would  require  generators  of   hazardous
 nonferrous metals manufacturing wastes to meet  containerization,
 labeling,  recordkeeping,  and reporting requirements;  if  plants
 dispose of hazardous wastes off-site, they would have to  prepare
 a manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from  the
 generator's  premises to a permitted off-site treatment,  storage,
 or  disposal  facility.   See 40 CFR 262.20 45 FR 33142  (May  19,
 1980),   as  amended  at 45 FR 86973  (December  31,   1980).    The
 transporter  regulations require transporters of. hazardous  wastes
 to comply with  the manifest system to assure that the wastes  are
 delivered to a  permitted facility.  See 40 CFR 263.20 45 FR 33151
 (May  19, 1980),  as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December   31,  1980).
 Finally,  RCRA regulations  establish standards for hazardous  waste
 treatment,  storage, and disposal facilities allowed   to  receive
 such wastes.   See 40 CFR Part 464 46 FR 2802 (January 12,  1981),
 47 FR 32274  (July 26,  1982).

 Even if these wastes are not identified as hazardous,  they  still
must  be   disposed  of in  compliance with  the  Subtitle  D   open
 dumping  standards,  implementing 4004 of RCRA.   See  40  FR  53438
 (September  13,  1979).   It is estimated that a new  source  model
plant  in  the  secondary mercury subcategory  would   generate  an
 estimated  12 kg/yr  of sludge when implementing  the.   promulgated
NSPS  treatment   technology,  based on a production  level of  50
metric   tons  of  mercury  per year.   The Agency has calculated  as
part  of  the  costs for  wastewater treatment the cost   of  hauling
and  disposing   of solid wastes.


                                2899
-------
           SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VIII
AIR POLLUTION

There is no reason to believe that any substantial air  pollution
problems   will   result   from   implementation   of    chemical
precipitation,  sedimentation, and multimedia filtration.   These
technologies  transfer  pollutants  to solid waste  and  are  not
likely to transfer pollutants to air.
                               2900
-------
           SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VIII
                          TABLE VIII-1

             COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR NEW SOURCE MODEL
          PLANTS IN THE SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY*

                       (March, 1982 Dollars)
            Option


               A

               C
Total Required
 Capital Cost
    1,237

    3,162
   Total
Annual Cost
    3,070

    4,530
*Based on production of 50 metric tons of mercury per year
                               2901
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VIII
    THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                    2902
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IX



                           SECTION IX

     BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE

The  wastewater  handling  practices of  the  plants  within  the
secondary  mercury subcategory were studied. BPT was found to  be
not   applicable  to  this  industrial   subcategory.    Existing
performance  of  plants in the secondary mercury  subcategory  is
such  that  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater  is  presently
practiced.  This is achieved by 100 percent recycle on-site or by
contractor  disposal of process wastewater, or is a result  of  a
production  process that generates no process wastewater.   Since
there are no discharge from secondary mercury producers, BPT  and
BAT   mass  limitations,  with  their   corresponding   treatment
technologies,  need  not  be promulgated  for  this  subcategory.
Rather, the secondary mercury subcategory will be regulated under
New Source Performance Standards in Section XI, and  Pretreatment
Standards for New Sources in Section XII.
            SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X

                            SECTION X

        BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE


As  described  in  Section  IX, BAT  is  not  applicable  to  the
secondary mercury subcategory because no plants in the data  base
discharge  process  wastewater.   Regulation  of  the   secondary
mercury  subcategory  is covered in Section XI under  New  Source
Performance   Standards,  and  Section  XII  under   Pretreatment
Standards for New Sources.
                               2903
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SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X
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                    2904.
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               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI



                           SECTION XI

                NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

This   section  describes  the  technologies  for  treatment   of
wastewater from new sources and presents mass discharge standards
for  regulated  pollutants  for NSPS  in  the  secondary  mercury
subcategory, based on the selected treatment technology.         *

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS

New source performance standards are based on the most  effective
and  beneficial  technologies currently  available.   The  Agency
reviewed  and evaluated a wide range of technology  options,  and
elected  to examine two technology options/  applied to  combined
wastewater  streams,  which  could  be applied to  the  secondary
mercury subcategory as alternatives for the basis of NSPS.

Treatment  technologies  considered  for  the  NSPS  options  are
summarized below:

OPTION A (Figure XI-1, page 2914) is based on:

     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation

OPTION C (Figure XI-2 page 2915) is based on:

     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  Multimedia filtration

As explained in Section IV, the secondary mercury subcategory has
been subdivided into three potential wastewater  sources.   Since
the water use,  discharge rates, and pollutant characteristics of
each  of  these  wastewaters  is  potentially  unique,   effluent
limitations will be developed for each of the three subdivisions.

For each of the building blocks, a specific approach was followed
for the development of NSPS.  The first requirement to  calculate
these   limitations  is  to  account  for  production  and   flow
variability from plant to plant.  Therefore, a unit of production
or production normalizing parameter (PNP) was determined for each
wastewater  stream which could then be related to the  flow  from
the process to determine a production normalized flow.  Selection
of  the PNP for each process element is discussed in Section  IV.
Each  process  within  the  subcategory  was  then  analyzed   to
determine  (1) which subdivisions were present, (2) the  specific
flow  rates generated for each subdivision, and (3) the  specific
production normalized flows for each subdivision.  This  analysis
is discussed in detail in Section V.  Nonprocess wastewaters such
as   rainfall  runoff  and  noncontact  cooling  water  are   not
considered in the analysis.

Production normalized flows for each subdivision were analyzed to
determine  which  flow was to be used as part of  the  basis  for


                               2905
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                SECONDARY MERCURY  SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XI


NSPS.   The   selected   flow  (sometimes  referred to  as  the  NSPS
regulatory  flow or NSPS discharge  flow)  reflects the  water  use
controls  which are practiced within the subcategory.  The  NSPS
normalized  flow is based on the  average  of all applicable  data.
Nothing  was  found  to indicate  that the wastewater  flows  and
characteristics of new  plants would not be similar to those  from
existing plants, since  the processes used by new sources are  not
expected to differ from those used  at existing  sources.

For  the development of NSPS, mass  loadings were calculated  for
each  wastewater source or building block.  This calculation  .was
made  on  a stream-by-stream basis, primarily because  plants  in
this  subcategory  may  perform one  or more of the  operations  in
various combinations.   The mass loadings  (milligrams of pollutant
per  metric ton of production unit  - mg/kkg) were  calculated  by
multiplying   the   NSPS   normalized   flow    (1/kkg)   by   the
treatment  effectiveness concentration using the NSPS  treatment
system  (mg/1)  for each pollutant parameter to  be  limited  under
NSPS.

The  mass  loadings which are allowed under NSPS for  each  plant
will  be the  sum of the individual  mass loadings for the  various
building   blocks   which  are  found   at   particular   plants.
Accordingly,  all the wastewater generated within a plant may  be
combined  for treatment in a single or common   treatment  system,
but  the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters  are
based on the  various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to  the combined flow.  This method accounts for the  variety  of
combinations  of wastewater sources  and production processes which
may be found  at secondary mercury plants.

The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass rather than concentration.   This approach  prevents the  use
of  dilution  as a treatment method (except for  controlling  pH).
The  production  normalized  wastewater flow (1/kkg)   is  a  link
between  the production operations and the effluent  limitations.
The  pollutant  discharge attributable to each operation  can  be
calculated  from the normalized flow and  effluent  concentration
achievable  by  the treatment technology and summed to derive  an
appropriate limitation  for each plant.

INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

As one means of evaluating each technology option,   EPA developed
estimates  of  the pollutant removals and  the  compliance  costs
associated  with  each option.    The methodologies are  described
below.    For  both  pollutant  removals  and  compliance   costs,
estimates reported at promulgation are the same as those reported
at  proposal.   This is because new information or data  were  not
received from industry during the comment period between proposal
and promulgation.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

Since  there are no existing discharging plants in the  secondary


                               2906
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               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI
mercury subcategbry,  the pollutant removal analysis was
out for new source model plants.
carried
A. complete description of the methodology used to calculate  the
estimated  pollutant removal achieved by the application  of- the
various  treatment options is presented in Section X of  Vol.  I.
In  short,  sampling data used to characterize  the  major  waste
streams  considered for regulation was production normalized  for
each  unit operation (i.e., mass of pollutant generated per  mass
of  product  manufactured).  This value, referred to as  the  raw
waste   was  used  to  estimate, the  mass  of  toxic  pollutants
generated   within  the  secondary  mercury   subcategory.    The
pollutant  removal  estimates were calculated for each  plant  by
first  estimating  the  total  mass  of  each  pollutant  in  the
untreated wastewater.  This was calculated by multiplying the raw
waste  values  by  the  corresponding  new  source  model   plant
production  value for that stream and then summing  these  values
for each pollutant for every stream generated by the plant.

Next,  the volume of wastewater discharged after the  application
of each treatment option was estimated for each operation at each
plant  by comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory  flow.
The  smaller  of the two values was selected and summed with  the
other  plant flows.   The mass of pollutant discharged  was  then
estimated  by  multiplying  the achievable  concentration  values
attainable  with  the option (mg/1) by the  estimated  volume  of
process  wastewater discharged by the subcategory.   The mass  of
pollutant removed is the difference between the estimated mass of
pollutant  generated  within  the subcategory  and  the  mass  of
pollutant  discharged after application of the treatment  option.
The pollutant removal estimates for the new source model plant in
the  secondary  mercury subcategory are presented in  Table  XI-1
(page 2911).

COMPLIANCE COSTS

In  estimating subcategory-wide compliance costs, the first  step
was to develop a cost estimation model, relating the total  costs
associated   with  installation  and  operation   of   wastewater
treatment  technologies  to plant process  wastewater  discharge.
EPA applied the model to each plant.  The plant's investment  and
operating costs are determined by what treatment it has in  place
and  by  its individual process wastewater  discharge  flow.   As
discussed  above,  this  flow is either the  actual  or  the  BDT
regulatory  flow,  whichever is lesser.  The final  step  was  to
annualize  the capital costs, and to sum the  annualized  capital
costs,  and the operating and maintenance costs for  each  plant,
yielding  the  cost  of  compliance  for  the  subcategory.   The
compliance  costs  associated with each option are  presented  in
Table  XI-2   (page  2912) for new source  model  plants  in  the
secondary   mercury  subcategory.   These  costs  were  used   in
assessing economic achievability.
                               2907
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                SECONDARY  MERCURY  SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XI
 NSPS OPTION SELECTION  -  PROPOSAL

 EPA selected  Option  C for  the proposed  NSPS,  which   includes
 chemical precipitation,  sedimentation, and filtration.

 The pollutants  proposed for limitation under  NSPS  were  lead,
 mercury,   total  suspended solids,  and pH.  The estimated capital
 cost  of   proposed NSPS  was $3,162 and the estimated annual  cost
 was $4,530 (1982 dollars)  for new facilities.

 NSPS OPTION SELECTION  -  PROMULGATION

 The Agency received  no industry  comments  on  the    proposed
 regulation  for  the secondary mercury   subcategory.   Therefore,
 the  promulgated  -regulation  is  equivalent  to  the    proposed
 regulation for the secondary  mercury subcategory.

 EPA is promulgating NSPS based on the best available demonstrated
 technology  for  the   secondary mercury  subcategory  which   is
 equivalent  to Option  C  (chemical  precipitation,  sedimentation,
 and multimedia  filtration).   This selection  is  based on  an
 economic analysis of the two  NSPS options and their impact on the
 cost  of building new  production plants within the scope  of  this
 subcategory.  ERA believes the promulgated NSPS are  economically
 achievable,  and  that   they  are not, a barrier to  entry  of  new
 plants  into  this subcategory.  The estimated  capital   cost  of
 promulgated NSPS for  new source model plants is $3,162,  and  the
 estimated   annual  cost   is   $4,530  (1982  dollars),  based   on
 production of 50 metric tons  of mercury per year.   The  end-of~
 pipe treatment configuration  for Option C is presented in  Figure
 XI-2 (page 2915).

 WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES

 A NSPS discharge rate  is  calculated for each subdivision  based on
 the  average of the flows of  the existing plants,  as  determined
 from  analysis  of  dcp.   The  discharge rate is  used  with  the
 achievable  treatment concentrations to determine NSPS.   Since the
 discharge   rate  may  be different for  each  wastewater  source,
 separate   production  normalized discharge rates for each of  the
 three  wastewater sources are discussed below and  summarized  in
 Table XI-3  (page 2912).  The discharge rates are normalized on  a
production  basis by relating the amount of wastewater  generated
 to  the  mass  of the product which is produced  by  the  process
 associated  with the waste stream in question.  These  production
 normalizing parameters, or PNPs, are also listed in Table XI-3.

 Section  V of this document further describes the discharge  flow
 rates and presents production normalized water use and  discharge
 rates  for  each plant by subdivision in Tables V-l  through  V-3
 (pages  2885  -  2886). For all subdivisions,  the  proposed  and
promulgated NSPS discharge rates are equivalent.   These rates are
discussed below.
                               2908
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI


SPENT BATTERY ELECTROLYTE

The  proposed and promulgated NSPS wastewater discharge rate  for
spent  battery  electrolyte  is 106 liters  per  kkg  of  mercury
produced  from batteries.   This rate is allocated only for those
plants  which  drain electrolyte from  mercuric  oxide  batteries
prior to recovering mercury.   Water use and wastewater discharge
rates  are presented in Table V-l (page 2885).  One plant  drains
spent battery electrolyte, and generates 106 1/kkg.

ACID WASH AND RINSE WATER

The  proposed and promulgated NSPS wastewater discharge rate  for
acid wash and rinse water is 2.0 liters per kkg of mercury washed
and  rinsed.   This rate is allocated only for those plants which
further  purify  their mercury product by washing with  acid  and
then  rinsing  with water.   Water use and  wastewater  discharge
rates are presented in Table V-2 (page 2885).  One plant  further
purifies their mercury product in this manner, and generates  2.0
1/kkg.

FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

No  NSPS wastewater discharge rate for furnace wet air  pollution
control  is  provided  based on 100 percent  recycle  of  furnace
scrubber  water,  as demonstrated at the one plant operating this
process.  This is shown  in Table V-3 (page 2886).

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations  and
the  subcategory  as  a  whole were  examined  to  select  certain
pollutant  parameters  for  limitation.   This  examination   and
evaluation  was  presented  in  Section  VI.   A  total  of  Jour
pollutants  or pollutant parameters are selected  for  limitation
under NSPS and are listed below:

     122.  lead
     123.  mercury
           TSS
           pH

The  Agency  has  chosen not   to   regulate  all   four   priority
pollutants selected in Section  VI for further consideration.

The  high  cost  associated  with   analysis   for  priority  metal
pollutants  has prompted EPA to develop an alternative method  for
regulating and monitoring priority  pollutant discharges  from   the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category.  Rather  than developing
specific  effluent mass  .limitations and standards  for each  of  the
priority  metals  found  in  treatable concentrations   in  the   raw
wastewater   from a given subcategory,   the Agency  is  promulgating
effluent mass  limitations only  for  those  pollutants generated   in
the  greatest  quantities   as   shown  by   the  pollutant  removal
analysis.


                                2909
-------
                SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI
 By establishing limitations and standards for certain toxic metal
 pollutants,   dischargers  will attain the same degree of  control
 over  toxic  metal pollutants as they would have been required  to
 achieve  had  all  the priority metal  pollutants   been  directly
 limited.                                                         J

 This  approach  is  technically  justified  since   the  treatable
 concentrations used for chemical precipitation and   sedimentation
 technology   are  based  on optimized  treatment for  concomitant-
 mult iple  metals removal.   Thus,  even though metals  have  somewhat-
 different theoretical  solubilities,  they  will be removed at  very
 nearly   the   same rate   in  a  chemical   precipitation  and
 sedimentation   treatment   system  operated  for multiple  metals
 removal.   The mass limits established for lead and mercury  will
 ensure that  thallium and zinc,  the other  two priority  metals
 selected  for further consideration,  will  be adequately removed  bv
 a  lime and settle unit.

 NEW  SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 The  treatable  concentrations achievable  by  application  of  the
 promulgated  NSPS  are discussed  in Section  VII of  Vol.   I  and.
 summarized   there  in  Table VII-21 (page  248).   These   treatable
 concentrations  (both one day maximum and monthly aver-age values)
 are multiplied  by the  NSPS normalized discharge  flows   summarized
 in  Table  XI-3 (page  2912) to calculate the  mass  of   pollutants
allowed  to  be discharged per mass  of product.  The   results  of
 these  calculations  in milligrams of pollutant per  kilogram  of
product  represent  the NSPS effluent  standards and are  presented
in Table XI-4  (page 2913) for each individual waste stream.
                               2910
-------
                  SECONDARY  MERCURY  SUBCATEGORY
                                                                SECT  -  XI
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-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY  SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI
                           TABLE XI-2

             COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR NEW SOURCE MODEL
          PLANTS IN THE SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY*

                       (March, 1982 Dollars)
            Option


              A

              C
Total Required
 Capital Cost
   1,237

   3,162
       Total
    Annual  Cost
      3,070

      4,530
*Based on production of 50 metric tons of mercury per year.
                           TABLE XI-3

             NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
                  SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
       Wastewater  Stream

  Spent battery  electrolyte     106
 Acid wash and  rinse water
 Furnace wet air pollution
     NSPS Normalized
     Discharge  Rate
     1/kkg   gal/ton
        2.0
               25.5
0.5
Production
Normalized
Parameter

mercury produced
from batteries

mercury washed
and rinsed

mercury control
processed
through
furnace
                              2912
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               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI



                           TABLE XI-4

           NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY

(a) Spent Battery Electrolyte  NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
*Lead
*Mercury
Thallium
Zinc
*TSS
*pH Within the
of mercury
0.030
0.016
0.148
0.108
1.590
range of 7
produced from bat
0.014
0.006
0.065
0.045
1.272
.5 to 10.0 at all
terie
times
(b) Acid Wash and Rinse Water NSPS




Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
monthly average
       mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury washed and rinsed
*Lead
*Mercury
Thallium
Zinc
*TSS
*pH Within
0.00056
0.00030
0.00280
0.00204
0.03000
the range of 7.5 to 10.0
0.00026
0.00012
0.00122
0.00084
0.02400
at all times
 (c) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
    mg/kg  (Ib/million  Ibs)  of mercury  control  processed
                         through furnace
*Lead
*Mercury
Thallium
Zinc
*TSS
*pH
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Within the range of 7.5
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
to 10.0 at all times
 *Regulated Pollutant
                               2913
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SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT  - XI
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                    2914
-------
SECOtspARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT
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-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                2916
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               SECONDARY MERCURY  SUBCATEGORY  'SECt - XII



                            SECTION  XII

                     PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
 This  section describes  the control and  treatment  technologies  for
 pretreatment of process wastewaters from  sources  in  the  secondary
 mercury   subcategory.   Pretreatment   standards   for    regulated
 pollutants  are  presented  based on  the  selected  control   and
 treatment technology. Pretreatment standards  for  existing  sources
 (PSES)  will  not  be  promulgated  for   the  secondary    mercury
 subcategory because there are no existing indirect dischargers in
 this  subcategory. However, pretreatment standards  for new  sources
 (PSNS) for this subcategory will be promulgated.


 TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT

 Before  proposing  and promulgating pretreatment   standards,   the
 Agency examines whether the pollutants discharged  by the industry
 pass  through the POTW or interfere with the POTW operation or  its
 chosen   sludge  disposal  practices.   In  determining    whether
 pollutants pass through a well-operated POTW achieving  secondary
 treatment,  the  Agency compares the percentage  of  a  pollutant
 removed by POTW with the percentage removed by direct dischargers
 applying the best available technology economically achievable. A
 pollutant  is  deemed to pass through the POTW when  the   average
 percentage  removed  nationwide  by  well-operated  POTW   meeting
 secondary  treatment  requirements is less  than  the  percentage
 removed  by  direct  dischargers  complying  with  BAT   effluent
 limitations guidelines for that pollutant.  (See generally, 46 FR
 at 9415-16 (January 28, 1981).)

 This   definition   of  pass-through  satisfies   two   competing
 objectives  set  by Congress:  (1) that  standards  for  indirect
 discharg-ers  be equivalent to standards for  direct  dischargers
 while  at  the same time, (2) that the treatment  capability  and
 performance  of the POTW be recognized and taken into account  in
 regulating the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.

 The  Agency compares percentage removal rather than the  mass  or
 concentration  of pollutants discharged because the latter  would
 not  take into account the mass of pollutants discharged   to  the
 POTW   from  non-industrial  sources  or  the  dilution  of   the
pollutants  in the POTW effluent to lower concentrations  due  to
 the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FQR NEW SOURCES

Options  for  pretreatment  of wastewaters from new  sources  are
based  on increasing the effectiveness of  end-of-pipe   treatment
 technologies.    All  in-plant changes and aipplicable  end-of-pipe


                               2917
-------
               SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY    SECT  -  XII
 treatment  processes  have  been discussed  previously  in  Section XI.
 The options  for  PSNS,  therefore,  are  the same  as  the NSPS options
 discussed  in Section XI.

 A description of each  option is presented in Section XI,   while  a
 more detailed discussion,  including pollutants controlled by each
 treatment  process,  is   presented in Section  VII of Vol.  I.

 Treatment  technologies considered for the PSNS options are:

 OPTION A

      o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation

 OPTION C

      o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
      o  Multimedia filtration

 PSNS OPTION  SELECTION

 Option C (chemical precipitation, sedimentation,  and multimedia
 filtration)  has  been selected as  the  treatment technology for the
 proposed  and promulgated pretreatment standards  for new   sources
 (PSNS)   on the basis that it achieves effective removal of  toxic
 pollutants  at a reasonable  cost.  In  addition,  filtration is
 demonstrated  in the nonferrous metals manufacturing category at
 25 plants, and will  not result in adverse economic  impacts.

 The wastewater discharge  rates for promulgated PSNS are identical
 to  the promulgated  NSPS  discharge rates for each  waste   stream.
 The PSNS discharge rates  are shown in Table XII-1 (page 2920). No
 additional  flow reduction measures for  PSNS are  feasible beyond
 the flow allowances  given for NSPS.

 REGULATED  POLLUTANT  PARAMETERS

 The toxic  pollutants selected for limitation,   in accordance with
'the  rationale  of Sections  VI and XI,  are  identical to  those
 selected for limitation for  NSPS.  It is necessary to promulgate
 PSNS  to prevent the pass-through of  lead and  mercury, which are
 the  limited pollutants.   The toxic  pollutants are removed  by  a
 well operated POTW achieving secondary treatment  at an average of
 59 percent,   while PSNS level technology removes  approximately 99
 percent.

 PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES

 Pretreatment standards for new sources are based  on the treatable
 concentrations from  the selected  treatment technology  (Option C),
 and  the discharge rates  determined in Section XI  for NSPS.    A
 mass of pollutant per  mass of product (mg/kg)  allocation  is  given
 for  each  subdivision within the subcategory.   This pollutant
 allocation is based  on the product of the treatable concentration
 from   the  promulgated   treatment  (mg/1)  and  the   production
                                2918
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              SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII


normalized  wastewater  discharge rate (1/kkg).   The  achievable
treatment  concentrations  for NSPS are identical  to  those  for
PSNS.   These  concentrations are listed in  Table  VII-21  (page
248) of Vol. I. PSNS are presented in Table XII-2 (page 2921).
                              2919
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             SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII
                          TABLE XII-1

            PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
                 SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
     Wastewater Stream
PSNS Normalized
Discharge Rate
1/kkg   gal/ton
                                                Production
                                                Normalized
                                                Parameter
Spent battery electrolyte    106
Acid wash and rinse water
Furnace wet air pollution
control
   2.0
   0:
           25.5
0.5
mercury produced
from batteries

mercury washed
and rinsed

mercury control
processed through
furnace
                               2920
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              SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII
                           Table XII-2

           PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY

 (a) Spent Battery Electrolyte  PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
    mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury produced from batteries
*Lead
*Mercury
 Thallium
 Zinc
       0.030
       0.016
       0.148
       0.108
           0.014
           0.006
           0.065
           0.045
(b) Acid Wash and Rinse Water  PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/kg
*Lead
*Mercury
Thallium
Zinc
(Ib/million Ibs) of mercury washed
0.00056
0.00030
0.00280
0.00204
and rinsed
0.00026
0.00012
0.00122
0.00084
(c) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS

Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
       mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury control processed
                         through furnace
*Lead
*Mercury
 Thallium
 Zinc
       0.000
       0.000
       0.000
       0.000
           0.000
           0.000
           0.000
           0.000
*Regulated Pollutant
                               2921
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SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII
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                 2922
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            SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XIII




                          SECTION XIII

         BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
EPA  is  not  promulgating best  conventional  pollutant  control
technology  (BCT) for the secondary mercury subcategory  at  this
time.
                               2923
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SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY   SECT  - XIII
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                     2924
                                     •frU.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1989-625-945
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