Wl&xtt**^^

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                            Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
               If you are buying or selling a home, have it tested for radon.

               For a new home, ask if radon-resistant construction features
               were used and if the home has been tested.
           d   Fix the home if the radon level is 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) or higher.

           n   Radon levels less than 4 pCi/L still pose a risk and, in many cases, may
               be reduced.

           n   Take steps to prevent device interference when conducting a radon test.
           EPA estimates
           that radon
           causes
           thousands
           of cancer
           deaths in
           the  U.S.
           each year.
   25,000


   20,000

w
"g  15,000
ro
w
2  10,000


    5,000


       0
                                             Deaths Per Year
           * Based on information contained in the National Academy of Sciences report, The Health Effects
           of Exposure to Indoor Radon, radon is estimated to cause between 15,000 and 22,000 lung cancer
           deaths per year. Data on (non-radon) causes of death are from Injury Facts, 1999 Edition, National
           Safety Council, Itasca, IL.
                               U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
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J
                         Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
             OVERVIEW	1
         1   Why Should I Test for Radon?	3
             a. Radon Has Been Found In Homes All Over the United States	3
             b. EPA and the Surgeon General Recommend
               That You Test Your Home	4
         2   I'm Selling a Home. What Should I Do?	5
             a. If Your Home Has Already Been Tested for Radon	5
             b. If Your Home Has Not Yet Been Tested for Radon	6
         3   I'm Buying a Home. What Should I Do?	7
             a. If the Home Has Already Been Tested for Radon	7
             b. If the Home HasNot Yet Been Tested for Radon	8
         4   I'm Buying or Building A New Home.
             How Can I Protect My Family?	9
             a. Why Should I Buy a Radon-Resistant Home?	9
             b. What Are Radon-Resistant Features?	10
         5   How Can I Get Reliable Radon Test Results?	11
             a. Types of Radon Devices	11
             b. General Information for All Devices	12
             c. Preventing or Detecting Test Interference	13
             d. Length of Time to Test	14
             e. Doing a Short-Term Test	15
             f. Using Testing Devices Properly for Reliable Results	16
             g. Interpreting Radon Test Results 	17
               Radon and Smoking	 18
               Radon Testing Checklist	20
         6   What Should I Do If the Radon Level Is High?	22
             a. High Radon Levels Can Be Reduced	22
             b. How to Lower the Radon Level In Your Home	22
             c. Selecting a Radon-Reduction (Mitigation) Contractor	24
             d. What Can a Qualified Radon-Reduction Contractor Do for You ... 24
             e. Radon In Water	25
         7   Radon Myths and Facts	27

                            U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000

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J
                        Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
         8   Need More Information About Radon?	29
             a. World Wide Web Sites (EPA)	29
             b. Radon Hotlines (Toil-Free)	30
             c. Printed Documents	31
               Radon Risk and Testing	31
               Reducing Radon Levels In a Home	32
               Building aNewHome to Be Radon-Resistant	32
               Radon Technical Guidance	33
         9   State Radon Offices	34
         10  EPA Regional Offices	36
         11  Index	37
                            U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000

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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
             This Guide answers important questions about radon and lung cancer risk. It also
          answers questions about testing and fixing for anyone buying or selling ahome.
             Radon Is a Cancer-Causing, "Radioactive
             You cannot see, smell, or taste radon.  But it still may be a
          problem in your home. When you breathe air containing radon,
          you increase your risk of getting lung cancer. In fact, the Surgeon
          General of the United States has warned that radon is the second
          leading cause of lung cancer in the United States today. If you
          smoke and your home has high radon levels, your risk of lung
          cancer is especially high.
                         National Academy of Sciences Report on Radon
            In February 1998, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) released its report on
            radon and lung cancer, The Health Effects of Exposure to Indoor Radon (the BEIR
            VI report). The NAS is an independent, non-governmental, scientific organization.
            The NAS estimates that radon causes between 15,000 and 22,000 lung cancer
            deaths each year in the United States and that 12 percent of all lung cancer deaths
            are linked to radon.  The BEIR VI Committee (Biological Effects of Ionizing
            Radiation) concluded that after smoking, radon is the  second leading cause of
            death due to lung cancer in the United States.
             Testing is the only way to find out your home's radon levels.
          EPA and the Surgeon General recommend testing all homes below
          the third floor for radon.
             If you find that you have high radon levels, there are ways to fix a radon
          problem. Even very high levels can be reduced to acceptable levels.
             EPA recommends that you test your home before putting it on the market and, if
          necessary, lower your radon levels. Save the test results and all information you have
          about steps that were taken to fix any problems. This could be a positive selling point.

                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
              EPA recommends that you know what the indoor radon level is in any home
          you consider buying.  Ask the seller for their radon test results. If the home has a
          radon-reduction system, ask the seller for any information they have about the
          system.
              If the home has not yet been tested, you should have the house
          tested.

              If you are having a new home built, there are features that can
          be incorporated into your home during construction to reduce radon
          levels.
              The radon testing guidelines in this Guide have been developed specifically to
          deal with the time-sensitive nature of home purchases and sales, and the potential
          for radon device interference. These guidelines are slightly different from the
          guidelines in other EPA publications which provide radon testing and reduction
          information for non-real estate situations.
              This Guide recommends three short-term testing options for
          real estate transactions.  EPA also recommends testing a home in
          the lowest level which is currently suitable for occupancy, since a
          buyer may choose to live in a lower area of the home than that
          used by the seller.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
~l
             Radon is a radioactive gas that has been found in homes all over the United
          States. It comes from the natural breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and water
          and gets into the air you breathe.  Radon typically moves up
          through the ground to the air above and into your home through
          cracks and other holes in the foundation. Radon can also enter
          your home through well water. Your home can trap radon inside.

             Any home can have a radon problem. This means new and old homes, well-sealed
          and drafty homes, and homes with or without basements. In fact, you and your
          family are most likely to get your greatest radiation exposure at home. That is
          where you spend most of your time.
             Nearly one out of every 15 homes in the United States is
          estimated to have an elevated radon level (4 pCi/L or more).
          Elevated levels of radon gas have been found in homes in your
          state.  Contact your state radon office for information about
          radon in your area.

                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000

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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
             Testing is the only way to know if you and your family are at risk from radon.
          EPA and the Surgeon General recommend testing all homes below the third floor
          for radon.
                      Surgeon General of the United States Health Advisory

            "Indoor radon gas is a national health problem. Radon causes thousands of deaths
            each year. Millions of homes have elevated radon levels. Most homes should be
            tested for radon.  When elevated levels are confirmed, the problem should be
            corrected,"
                                              You cannot predict radon levels based on
                                          state, local,  and neighborhood radon
                                          measurements. Do not rely on radon test
                                          results taken in other homes  in  the
                                          neighborhood to estimate the radon level in
                                          your home.  Homes which are next to each
                                          other can have different indoor radon levels.
                                          Testing is the only way to find out what your
                                          home's radon level is.
             In some areas, companies may offer different types of radon
          service agreements. Some agreements let you pay a one-time fee
          that covers both testing and radon mitigation, if needed. Contact
          your state radon office to find out if these are available in your
          state.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             8
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                         Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          a. If Your Home Has Already Been Teste*
              If you are thinking of selling your home and you have
          already tested your home for radon, review the Radon Testing
          Checklist to make sure that the test was done correctly. If so,
          provide your test results to the buyer.
              No matter what kind of test was done, a potential buyer may ask for a new
          test, especially if:

          D  The Radon Testing Checklist items were not met;

          D  The last test is not recent, e.g., within two years;

          D  You have renovated or altered your home since you tested; or

          D  The buyer plans to live in a lower level of the house than was tested, such as
             a basement suitable for occupancy but not currently lived in.

          A buyer may also ask for a new test if your state or local government requires
          disclosure of radon information to buyers.
                            U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
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                            Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
                                                  Been Tested for RadoiL..

              Have a test taken as soon as possible.  If you can,  test your home before
          putting it on the market. You should test in the lowest level of the home which is
          suitable for occupancy. This means testing in the lowest level that you currently
          live in or a lower level not currently used, but which a buyer could use for living
          space without renovations.

              The radon test result is
          important information about your
          home's radon level.  Some states
          require radon measurement
          testers to follow a specific testing
          protocol.   If you  do  the test*
          yourself, you should carefully
          follow the  testing protocol for
          your area or EPA's Radon Testing
          Checklist. If you hire a contractor
          to test your residence, protect yourself by hiring a qualified*
          individual or company.

              You can determine a service provider's qualifications to perform radon
          measurements or to mitigate your home in several ways. Check with your state
          radon office. Many states require radon professionals to be licensed, certified, or
          registered. Most states can provide you with a list of knowledgeable radon service
          providers doing business in the state.  In states that don't regulate radon services,
          ask the contractor if they hold a professional proficiency  or certification
          credential.  Such programs usually provide members with a photo-ID card, which
          indicates their qualification(s) and its expiration date.  If in doubt, you should
          check with their credentialing organization. Alternatively, ask the contractor if
          they've successfully completed formal training appropriate for  testing or
          mitigation,  e.g., a course in radon measurement or radon mitigation.

          * You should first call your state radon office for information on qualified radon service providers and
          state-specific radon measurement or mitigation requirements. See Section 9 (p. 34) for information
          on which states have certification, licensing, or registration programs. For up-to-date information on
          state radon program offices, visit http://www.epa.gov/iaq/contacts.html. EPA's detailed and technical
          guidance on radon measurement and mitigation is included in Section 8 (p. 29); however,  state
          requirements or guidance may be more stringent. Visit http://www.epa.gov/radonpro/rpp_qa.html
          for links to private sector radon credentialing programs.

                               U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                               10
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
                        LO1
              If you are thinking of buying a home, you may decide to accept an earlier test
          result from the seller or ask the seller for a new test to be conducted by a qualified
          radon tester. Before you accept the seller's test, you should determine:

          D  The results of previous testing;

          D  Who conducted the previous test: the homeowner, a radon professional, or
              some other person;

          D  Where in the home the previous test was taken, especially if you may plan to
              live in a lower level of the home. For example, the test may have been taken on
              the first floor. However, if you want to use the basement as living space, test
              there; and
          D What, if any, structural changes,  alterations, or changes in the heating,
             ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system have been made to the house
             since the test was done.  Such changes might affect radon levels.
          If you accept the seller's test, make sure that the test followed
          the Radon Testing Checklist.

              If you decide that a new test is needed, discuss it with the
          seller as soon as possible. If you decide to use a qualified
          radon tester, contact your state radon office to obtain a copy of
          their approved list of radon testing companies.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             11
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
              Make sure that a radon test is done as soon as possible.
          Consider including provisions in the contract specifying:

          D   Where the test will be located;

          D   Who should conduct the test;

          D   What type of test to do;

          D   When to do the test;
          D  How the seller and the buyer will share the test results and test costs (if
             necessary); and

          D  When radon mitigation measures will be taken, and who will pay for them.

             Make sure that the test is done in the lowest level of the home suitable for
          occupancy.  This means the lowest level that you are going to use as living
          space which is finished or does not require renovations prior to use. A state or
          local radon official or qualified radon tester can help you make some of these
          decisions.

             If you decide to finish or renovate an unfinished area of the home in the future,
          a radon test should be done before starting the project and after the project is
          finished.  Generally, it is less expensive to install a radon-reduction system before
          (or during) renovations rather than afterwards.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             12
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          a. Why Should I Buy a Radon-Resistant  Home?

             Radon-resistant techniques work. When installed properly and completely, these
          simple and inexpensive passive techniques can help to reduce radon levels. In addition,
          installing them at the time of construction makes it easier to reduce radon levels
          further if the passive techniques don't reduce radon levels to below 4 pCi/L.
          Radon-resistant techniques may also help to lower moisture levels and those of
          other soil gases. Radon-resistant techniques:

          $/ Muke Upgrading Easy,  Even if built to be radon-resistant, every new
             home should be tested for radon after occupancy. If you have atest result of
             4 pCi/L or more, a vent fan can easily be added to the passive system to make
             it an active system and further reduce radon levels.

          • Are Cost-Effective*, Building radon-resistant features into the house during
             construction is easier and cheaper than fixing a radon problem from scratch
             later. Let your builder know that radon-resistant features are easy to install
             using common building materials.

          I/ Siive Moneyi  When installed properly and completely, radon-resistant
             techniques can also make your home more energy efficient and help you save
             on your energy costs.
              In a new home, the cost to install passive radon-resistant features during
          construction is usually between $350 and $500.  In some areas, the cost may be as
          low as $100.  A qualified mitigator will charge about $300 to add a vent fan to a
          passive system, making it an active system and further reducing radon levels. In an
          existing home, it usually costs between $800 and $2,500 to install a radon mitigation
          system.

                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            13
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
              Radon-resistant techniques (features) may vary for different
          foundations and site requirements. If you're having a house
          built, you can learn about EPA's Model Standards  (and
          architectural drawings) and explain the techniques to  your
          builder. If your new house was built (or will be built) to be
          radon-resistant, it will include these basic elements:
          L  Gas-Permeable Layen This layer is placed beneath the slab or flooring
              system to allow the soil gas to move freely underneath the house.  In many
              cases, the material used is a 4-inch layer of clean gravel. This gas-permeable
              layer is used only in homes with basement and slab-on-grade foundations; it is
              not used in homes with crawlspace foundations.

          2,  Flastk SheetMig: Plastic sheeting is placed on top of the gas-permeable
              layer and under the slab to help prevent the soil gas from entering the home. In
              crawl spaces, the sheeting (with seams sealed) is placed directly over the
              crawlspace floor.
                                      All below-grade openings in the foundation and
              walls are sealed to reduce soil gas entry into the home.
                   Pipe; A 3- or 4-inch PVC pipe (or other
              gas-tight pipe) runs from the gas-permeable
              layer through the house to the roof, to safely
              vent radon and other soil gases to the outside
                        loses: An electrical junction box
              is included in the attic to make the wiring
              and installation of a vent fan easier.  For
              example, you decide to activate the passive
              system because your test result  showed an
              elevated radon level (4 pCi/L or more). A
              separate junction box is placed in the living
              space to power the vent fan alarm. An alarm
              is installed along with the vent fan to indicate
              when the vent fan is not operating properly.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             14
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                           Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
              Radon testing is easy and the only way to find out if you have a radon problem
          in your home.
              Since you cannot see or smell radon, special equipment is needed
          to detect it. When you're ready to test your home, you can order
          a radon test kit by mail from a qualified radon measurement services
          provider or laboratory. You can also hire a qualified radon tester,
          very often a home inspector, who will use a radon device(s) suitable
          to your situation. The most common types of radon testing devices
          are listed below. As new testing devices are developed, you may
          want to check with your state radon office before you test to get the
          most up-to-date information.
          •  Passive Devices
              Passive radon testing devices do not need power to function.  These include
          charcoal canisters, alpha-track detectors, charcoal liquid scintillation devices,
          and electret ion chamber detectors, which are available in hardware, drug, and
          other stores; they can also be ordered by mail or phone. These devices are exposed
          to the air in the home for a specified period of time and then sent to a laboratory for
          analysis. Both short-term and long-term passive devices are generally inexpensive.
          Some of these devices may have features that offer more resistance to test interference
          or disturbance than other passive devices. Qualified radon testers may use any of
          these devices to measure the home's radon level.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             15
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                           Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          S/  Active Devices
              Active radon testing devices require power to function.  These include
          continuous radon monitors and continuous working level monitors.  They
          continuously measure and record the amount of radon or its decay products in the
          air. Many of these devices provide a report of this information which can reveal
          any unusual or abnormal swings in the radon level during the test period.  A
          qualified tester can explain this report to you. In addition, some of these devices
          are specifically designed to deter and detect test interference. Some technically
          advanced active devices offer anti-interference features.  Although these tests
          may cost more, they may ensure a more reliable result.
              A state or local radon official can explain the differences between devices and
          recommend the ones which are most appropriate for your needs and expected
          testing conditions.
              Make sure to use a radon measurement device from a
          qualified laboratory. Certain precautions should be followed
          to avoid interference during the test period; see the Radon
          Testing Checklist for more information on how to get a reliable
          test result.
                                  Radon Test Device Placement

             EPA recommends that testing device(s) be placed in the lowest level of the home
             suitable for occupancy. This means testing in the lowest level (such as a basement),
             which a buyer could use for living space without renovations.  The test should be
             conducted in a room to be used regularly (such as a family room, living room,
             playroom, den, or bedroom); do not test in a kitchen, bathroom, laundry room or
             hallway.  Usually the buyer decides where to locate the radon test, based on their
             expected use of the home,  A buyer and seller should explicitly discuss and agree
             on the test location to avoid any misunderstanding. Their decision should be
             clearly communicated to the person performing the test.
                               U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                              16

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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          e. Preventing or Detecting Test interference

             There is a potential for test interference in real estate transactions. There are
          several ways to prevent or detect test interference:

          D  Use a test device that frequently records radon or decay product levels to detect
             unusual swings;

          D  Employ a motion detector to determine whether the test device has been moved
             or if testing conditions have changed;

          D  Use a proximity detector to reveal the presence of people in the room which
             may correlate to possible changes in radon levels during the test;

          D  Record the barometric pressure to identify weather conditions which may have
             affected the test;

          D  Record the temperature to help assess whether doors and windows have been
             opened;

          D  Apply tamper-proof seals to windows to ensure closed-house
             conditions; and

          D  Have the seller/occupant sign a non-interference agreement.

          Home buyers and sellers should consult a qualified radon test provider about the
          use of these precautions.
                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            17
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          d.  Length of Time to Test

              Because radon levels tend to vary from day to day and season to season, a
          short-term test is less likely than a long-term test to tell you your year-round average
          radon level. However, if you need results quickly, a short-term test may be used to
          decide whether to fix the home.

          There Are Two General Ways to Test Your Home for Radon:

          i/  Short-Term Testing
              The quickest way to test is with short-term tests.  Short-term tests remain in
          your home from two to 90 days, depending on the device. There are two groups of
          devices which are more commonly used for short-term testing. The passive device
          group includes alpha track detectors, charcoal canisters, charcoal liquid
          scintillation detectors, and electret ion chambers. The active device group consists
          of different types of continuous monitors.
            Whether you test for radon yourself or hire a qualified tester, all radon tests should
            be taken for a minimum of 48 hours.  Some devices require a longer (minimum)
            length of time, e.g., a 7-day charcoal canister device.
             Long-term tests remain in your home for more than 90 days. Alpha track and
          electret ion chamber detectors are commonly used for this type of testing.  A
          long-term test result is more likely to tell you your home's year-round average
          radon level than a short-term test. If time permits (more than 90 days), long-term
          tests can be used to confirm initial short-term results. When long-term test results
          are 4 pCi/L or higher, EPA recommends fixing the home.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            18

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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          e.  Doing a Short-Term Test
              If you are testing in a real estate transaction and you need
          results quickly, any of the following three options for short-term
          tests are acceptable in determining whether the home should
          be fixed.  Any real estate test for radon should include steps to
          prevent or detect interference with the test device.
                        When Choosing a Short-Term Testing Option-

            There are trade-offs among the short-term testing options. Two tests taken at the
            same time (simultaneous) would improve the precision of this radon test.  One test
            followed by another test (sequential) would most likely give a better representation of
            the seasonal average. Both active and passive devices may have features which help
            to prevent test interference. Your state radon office can help you decide which option
            is best.
          Short-Term Testing Opti.0f.is
What to Bo Next
          Passive;
          Take two short-term tests at the same
          time in the same location for at least
          48 hours.
Fix the home if the average of the two
tests is 4 pCi/L or more.
              or
          Take an initial short-term test for at
          least 48 hours.  Immediately upon
          completing the first test, do a second
          test using  an identical device in the
          same location as the first test.
Fix the home if the average of the two
tests is 4 pCi/L or more.
          Active:
          Test the home with a continuous
          monitor for at least 48 hours.
Fix the home if the average radon
level is 4 pCi/L or more.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             19

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                           Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          i/  If '%m Do the Test Yourself
              When you are taking a short-term test, close windows
          and doors to the outside and keep them closed, except for
          normal entry and exit.  If you are taking a short-term test
          lasting less than four days, be sure to:
          D  Close your windows and outside doors at least 12 hours before beginning the
              test;

          D  Do not conduct short-term tests lasting less than four days during severe storms
              or periods of high winds;

          D  Follow the testing instructions and record the start time and date;

          D  Place the test device at least 20 inches above the floor in a location where it
              will not be disturbed and where it will be away from drafts, high heat, high
              humidity, and exterior walls;

          D  Leave the test kit in place for as long as the test instructions say; and

          D  Once the test is finished, record the stop time and date, reseal the package, and
              return it immediately to the lab specified on the package for analysis.

              You should receive your test results within a few days or weeks. If you need
          results quickly, you should find out how long results will take and, if necessary,
          request expedited service.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             20
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          I/ If Yim Hire a. Qualified Radon Tester
             In many cases, home buyers and sellers may decide to have
          the radon test done by a qualified radon tester who knows the
          proper conditions, test devices, and guidelines for obtaining a
          reliable radon test result. They can also:
          D  Evaluate the home and recommend a testing approach designed to make sure
             you get reliable results;

          D  Explain how proper conditions can be maintained during the radon test;

          D  Emphasize to ahome's occupants that a reliable test result depends upon their
             cooperation.  Interference with, or disturbance of, the test or closed-house
             conditions will invalidate the test result;
          D  Analyze the data and report the measurement results; and

          D  Provide an independent test result.

          Your state radon office may also have information about qualified radon testers
          and certification requirements.
          g. interpreting Kaoon  test Results

             The average indoor radon level is estimated to be about 1.3 pCi/L; roughly
          0.4 pCi/L of radon is normally found in the outside air. The U.S. Congress has set
          a long-term goal that indoor radon levels be no more than outdoor levels. While
          this goal is not yet technologically achievable for all homes, radon levels in many
          homes can be reduced to 2 pCi/L or less.
                           Radon Test Results Reported in Two Ways

            Your radon test results may be reported in either picocuries per liter of air (pCi/L)
            or working levels (WL). If your test result is in pCi/L, EPA recommends you fix
            your home if the radon level is 4 pCi/L or higher.  If the test result is in WL, EPA
            recommends you fix the home if the working level is 0.02 WL or higher. Some
            states require WL results to be converted to pCi/L to minimize confusion.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            21
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
                                        SSKIF YOU  S&IGKE
Radon
Level
20 pd/L
10 pCi/L
8 pCi/L
4 pCi/L
2 pCi/L
1.3 pCi/L
0.4 pCi/L
If 1,000 people who
smoked were exposed to
this level over a lifetime...
About 235 people could
get lung cancer
A bout 7 1 people could
get lung cancer
About 57 people could
get lung cancer
About 29 people could
get lung cancer
About 15 people could
get lung cancer
A bout 9 people could get
lung cancer
A bout 3 people could get
lung cancer
The risk of cancer from radon
exposure compares to...
«- 100 times the risk of
drow nlng
«- 100 times the risk of
dying in a home fire

«- 100 times the risk of
dying In an airplane crash
«- 2 times the risk of dying
in a car crash
(Average Indoor radon level)
(Average outdoor radon level)
WHAT TO DO:
Stop Smoking
and...
Fix your home
Fix your home
Fix your home
Fix your home
Consider fixing
between 2 and
4 pd/L
(Reducing
radon levels
below 2 pd/L
is difficult)
                  Note: If you are a former smoker, your risk may be lower.

                    RADON RISK W YOU HAVE NEVER SMOKED
Radon
Level
20 pCi/L

10 pd/L

8 pCi/L

4 pCi/L

2 pd/L


1.3 pd/L


0.4 pd/L

If 1,000 people who
never smoked w ere
exposed to this level over
a lifetime...
About 8 people could get
lung cancer
A bout 4 people could get
lung cancer
About 3 people could get
lung cancer
About 2 people could get
lung cancer
About 1 person could get
lung cancer

Less than 1 person could
get lung cancer

Less than 1 person could
get lung cancer
The risk of cancer from radon
exposure compares to...
«- The risk of being killed in a
violent crime


«- 10 times the risk of dying
in an airplane crash
«- The risk of drowning

<- The risk of dying In a
home fire

(Average Indoor radon level)


(Average outdoor radon level)

WHAT TO DO:
Fix your home

Fix your home

Fix your home

Fix your home

Consider fixing
between 2 and
4 pd/L
(Reducing
radon levels
below 2 pCi/L
is difficult)

                  Note: If you are a former smoker, your risk may be higher.

          Based on information contained in the National Academy of Sciences 1998 report,
          The Health Effects ofExposure to Indoor Radon, your radon risk may be somewhat
          higher than shown; especially if you have never smoked. It's never too late to
          reduce your risk of lung cancer. Don't wait to test and fix a radon problem. If you
          are a smoker, stop smoking.

                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
             Sometimes short-term tests are less definitive about whether the radon level in
          the home is at or above 4 pCi/L; particularly when the results are close to 4 pCi/L.
          For example, if the average of two short-term tests is 4.1 pCi/L, there is about a
          50 percent chance that the year-round average is somewhat below, or above, 4 pCi/L.

             However, EPA believes that any radon exposure carries some risk; no level of
          radon is safe. Even radon levels below 4 pCi/L pose some risk.  You can reduce
          your risk of lung cancer by lowering your radon level.

             As with other environmental pollutants, there is some uncertainty about the
          magnitude of radon health risks. However, we know more about radon risks than
          risks from most other  cancer-causing substances. This is because estimates  of
          radon risks are based on data from human studies (underground miners). Additional
          studies on more typical populations are under way.

             Your radon measurement will give you an idea of your risk of getting lung
          cancer. Your chances of getting lung cancer from radon depend mostly on:

          I/ Your home's radon level;

          I/ The amount of time you spend in your home; and

          I/ Whether you are a  smoker or have ever smoked.

             Smoking combined with radon is an especially serious health risk. If you
          smoke or are a former smoker, the presence of radon greatly increases your risk of
          lung cancer. If you stop smoking now and lower the radon level in your house, you
          will reduce your lung cancer risk.
                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                           23
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                           Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
              For reliable test results, follow this Radon Testing Checklist carefully. Testing
          for radon is not complicated. Improper testing may yield inaccurate results and
          require another test.  Disturbing or interfering with the test device,  or with
          closed-house conditions* may invalidate the test results and is illegal in some
          states.  If the seller or qualified tester cannot confirm that all items have been
          completed, take another test.                                      ^,« \
                                                                       —^''-W,)>>
                                                                  -«ft y*.™. ~.v f' .i>
          I/' Before Conducting a Radon Test
          D  Notify the occupants of the importance of proper testing
              conditions. Give the occupants written instructions or a
              copy of this Guide and explain the directions carefully.

          D  Conduct the radon test for a minimum of 48  hours; some test devices have a
              minimum exposure time greater than 48 hours.

          D  When doing a short-term test ranging from 2-4 days, it is important to maintain
              closed-house conditions for at least 12 hours before the beginning of the test
              and during the entire test period.

          D  When doing a short-term test ranging from 4-7 days, EPA recommends that
              closed-house conditions be maintained.

          D  If you conduct the test yourself, use a qualified radon measurement device and
              follow the laboratory's instructions. Your state may be able to provide you
              with a list of do-it-yourself test devices available from qualified laboratories.

          D  If you hire someone to do the test, hire only a qualified individual. Some states
              issue photo identification (ID) cards; ask to see it.  The tester's ID number, if
              available, should be included or noted in the test report.
          *Closed-house conditions means keeping all windows closed, keeping doors closed except for
          normal entry and exit, and not operating fans or other machines which bring in air from outside.
          Fans that are part of a radon-reduction system or small exhaust fans operating for only short
          periods of time may run during the test.
                               U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                              24
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                           Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          D  The test should include method(s) to prevent or detect interference with testing
              conditions or with the testing device itself.

          D  If the house has an active radon-reduction system, make sure the vent fan is
              operating properly. If the fan is not operating properly, have it (or ask to have
              it) repaired and then test.

          $/  During a Radon Test.
          D  Maintain closed-house conditions during the entire duration of a short-term
              test, especially for tests shorter than one week in length.

          D  Operate the home' s heating and cooling systems normally during the test. For
              tests lasting less than one week, operate only air-conditioning units which
              recirculate interior air.

          D  Do not disturb the test device at any time during the test.

          D  If a radon-reduction system is in place, make sure the system is working properly
              and will be in operation during the entire radon test.

          I/  After n Raditn Tesfc
          D  If you conduct the test yourself, be sure to promptly return the test device to
              the laboratory. Be sure to complete the required information, including start
              and stop times, test location, etc.

          D  If an elevated radon level is found, fix the home.  Contact a qualified radon-
              reduction contractor about  lowering the radon level.  EPA recommends that
              you fix the home when the radon level is 4 pCi/L or more.

          D  Be sure that you or the radon tester can demonstrate or provide information to
              ensure that the testing conditions were not violated during the testing period.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             25
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          a. Illgl
             EPA recommends that you take action to reduce your home's indoor radon
          levels if your radon test result is 4 pCi/L or higher. It is better to correct a radon
          problem before placing your home on the market because then you have more time
          to address a radon problem.

             If elevated levels are found during the real estate transaction, the buyer and
          seller should discuss the timing and costs of radon reduction. The cost of making
          repairs to reduce radon levels depends on how your home was built and other
          factors. Most homes can be fixed for about the same cost as other common home
          repairs, like painting or having a new hot water heater installed. The average cost
          for a contractor to lower radon levels in a home can range from $800 to $2,500.
             A variety of methods can be used to reduce radon in homes. Sealing cracks
          and other openings in the foundation is a basic part of most approaches to radon
          reduction. EPA does not recommend the use of sealing alone to limit radon entry.
          Sealing alone has not been shown to lower radon levels significantly or consistently.

             In most cases, a system with a vent pipe(s) and fan(s) is used to reduce radon.
          These "sub-slab depressurization" systems do not require major changes to your
          home. Similar systems can also be installed in homes with crawl spaces. These
          systems prevent radon gas from entering the home from below the concrete floor
          and from outside the foundation. Radon mitigation contractors may use other
          methods that may also work in your home. The right system depends on the design
          of your home and other factors.
                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            26
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
              Techniques for reducing radon are discussed in EPA's
          Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction.  As with any other
          household appliance, there are costs associated with the
          operation of a radon-reduction system.
                                 Radon and Home Renovations

            If you are planning any major renovations, such as converting an unfinished
            basement area into living space, it is especially important to test the area before
            you begin.

            If your test results indicate an elevated radon level, radon-resistant techniques can
            be inexpensively included as part of the renovation. Major renovations can change
            the level of radon in any home. Test again after the work is completed.
             You should also test your home again
          after it is fixed to be sure that radon levels
          have been reduced. If your living patterns
          change and you begin occupying a lower
          level of your home (such as abasement),
          you should retest your home on that level.
          In addition, it is a good idea to retest your
          home sometime in the  future to be sure
          radon levels remain low.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             27
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                         Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          e.  Selecting it "Radon-Reduction (Mitigation) Contraeto]
             Select a qualified radon-reduction contractor to reduce the
          radon level in your home. Any mitigation measures taken or
          system installed in your home must conform to your state's
          regulations. In states without regulations covering mitigation,
          the system should conform  to EPA's Radon Mitigation
          Standards.
             EPA  recommends that  the
         mitigation contractor review the radon
         measurement results before beginning
         any radon-reduction work. Test again
         after the radon mitigation work has
         been completed to confirm that
         previous elevated levels have been
         reduced. EPA recommends that the
         test be conducted by an independent,
         qualified radon tester.
             A qualified radon-reduction (mitigation) contractor should be able to:

          D  Review testing guidelines and measurement results, and determine if additional
             measurements are needed;

          D  Evaluate the radon problem and provide you with a detailed, written proposal
             on how radon levels will be lowered;

          D  Design a radon-reduction system;

          D  Install the system according to EPA standards, or state and local codes; and

          D  Make sure the finished system effectively reduces radon levels to acceptable
             levels.
                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                           28
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
             Choose a radon mitigation contractor to fix your radon problem just as you
          would for any other home repair. You may want to get more than one estimate, and
          ask for and check their references. Make sure the person you hire is qualified to
          install a mitigation system. Some states regulate or certify radon mitigation services
          providers.

             Be aware that a potential conflict of interest exists if the same person or firm
          performs the testing and installs the mitigation system. Some states may require
          the homeowner to sign a waiver in such cases. If the same person or firm does the
          testing and mitigation, make sure the testing is done in accordance with the Radon
          Testing Checklist.  Contact your state radon office for more information.
             The radon in your home's indoor air can come from two sources, the soil or
          your water supply.  Compared to radon entering your home through the water,
          radon entering your home through the soil is a much larger risk. If you've tested
          for radon in air and have elevated radon levels and your water comes from a
          private well, have your water tested. The devices and procedures for testing your
          home's water supply are different from those used for measuring radon in air.

             The radon in your water supply poses an inhalation risk and an ingestion risk.
          Research has shown that your risk of lung cancer from breathing radon in air is
          much larger than your risk of stomach cancer from swallowing water with radon in
          it. Most of your risk from radon in water comes from radon released into the air
          when water is used for showering and other household purposes.

             Radon in your home' s water is not usually a problem when its source is surface
          water. A radon in water problem is more likely when its source is ground water,
          e.g., a private well or a public water supply system that uses ground water. Some
          public water systems treat their water to reduce radon levels before it is delivered
          to your home. If you are concerned that radon may be entering your home through
          the water and your water comes from a public water supply, contact your water
          supplier.
                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            29
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
              If you've tested your private well and have a radon in water problem, it can be
          fixed. Your home's water supply can be treated in one of two ways.  Point-of-
          entry treatment can effectively remove radon from the water before it enters your
          home. Point-of-entry treatment usually employs either granular activated carbon
          (GAC) filters or aeration devices. While GAC filters usually cost less than aeration
          devices, filters can collect radioactivity and may require a special method of disposal.
          Point-of-use treatment devices remove radon from your water at the tap, but only
          treat a small portion of the water you use, e.g., the water you drink. Point-of-use
          devices are not effective in reducing the risk from breathing radon released into the
          air from all water used in the home.
                                                                C      ":•
              For information on radon in water, testing and           - — -
          treatment, and existing or planned radon in drinking
          water standards, or for general help, call EPA's
          Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 or visit
          http://www.epa.gov/safewater/radon.html, an
          EPA web site.  If your water comes from a private
          well, you can also contact your state radon office.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             30
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          MYTH #1. Scientists are not sure that radon really is a problem.

          FACT; Although some scientists dispute the precise number of deaths due to radon,
          all the major health organizations (like the Centers for Disease Control, the American
          Lung Association, and the American Medical Association) agree
          with estimates that radon causes thousands of preventable lung
          cancer deaths every year. This is especially true among smokers,
          since the risk to smokers is much greater than to non-smokers.

          Af I'TH $2:  Radon testing devices are not reliable and are difficult to find.

          FACT:  Reliable radon tests are available from  qualified radon testers and
          companies. Active radon devices can continuously gather and periodically record
          radon levels to reveal any unusual swings in the radon level during the test. Reliable
          testing devices are also available by phone or mail-order, and can
          be purchased in hardware stores and other retail outlets. Call your
          state radon office for a list of qualified radon test companies.

          Af YTH #3; Radon testing is difficult and time-consuming.

          FACT: Radon testing is easy. You can test your home yourself
          or hire a qualified radon test company. Either approach takes
          only a small amount of time and effort.

          MYTH #4; Homes with radon problems cannot be fixed.

          FACT: There are solutions to radon problems in homes.  Thousands of home
          owners have already lowered their radon levels. Radon levels can be readily lowered
          for between $800 and $2,500. Call your state radon office for a list of qualified
          mitigation contractors.

          MYTH #5; Radon only affects certain types of homes.

          FACT; Radon can be a problem in all types of homes, including old homes, new
          homes, drafty homes, insulated homes, homes with basements, and homes without
          basements. Local geology, construction materials,  and how the home was built
          are among the factors that can affect radon  levels in homes.

                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            31
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          MYTH #6. Radon is only a problem in certain parts of the country.

          FACT:  High radon levels have been found in every state. Radon problems do
          vary from area to area, but the only way to know a home's radon level is to test.

          Af YTH #7: A neighbor's test result is a good indication of whether your home
          has a radon problem.

          FACT:  It is not.  Radon levels vary from home to home. The only way to know
          if your home has a radon problem is to test it.

          MYTH #8. Everyone should test their water for radon.

          FACT:  While radon gets into some homes through the water, it is important to
          first test the air in the home for radon.  If your water comes from a public water
          system that uses ground water, call your water supplier.  If high
          radon levels are found and the home has a private well, call the
          Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 for information
          on testing your water.  Also, call your state radon office for more
          information about radon in air.

          Af Till #9:  It is difficult to sell ahome where radon problems have been discovered.

          FACT: Where radon problems have been fixed, home sales have not been blocked.
          The added protection will be a good selling point.

          MYTH $10: I have lived in my home for so long, it does not make sense to take
          action now.

          FACT:  You will reduce your risk of lung cancer when you reduce radon levels,
          even if you have lived with an elevated radon level for a long time.

          MYTH $11: Short-term tests cannot be used for making a decision about whether
          to reduce the home's high radon levels.

          FACT:  Short-term tests can be used to decide whether to reduce the home' s high
          radon levels. However, the closer the short-term testing result is to 4 pCi/L, the
          less certainty there is about whether the home's year-round average is above or
          below that level. Keep in mind that radon levels below 4 pCi/L still pose some risk
          and that radon levels can be reduced to 2 pCi/L or below in most homes.
                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            32
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
              If you have a radon-related question, you should contact your state radon office.
          In addition to the help your state provides, the following web sites, hotlines, and
          publications are your best sources of information. You can also find indoor air
          quality information and publications on EPA's many web sites.
              These are EPA's most important web sites for information on radon and indoor
          air quality in homes. All the EPA publications listed in this section are available on
          EPA's web sites.

          D  http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/index.html. EPA's main radon page. Includes
              links to the NAS radon report, radon-resistant new construction, the map of
              radon zones, radon publications, hotlines, and more.

          D  http://www.epa.gov/iaq/contacts.html.  Provides detailed information on
              contacting your state's radon office, including links to some state web sites.
              State indoor air quality contacts are also included.

          D  http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/pubs/index.html. Offers the full text version
              of EPA's most popular radon publications, including the Home Buyer's and
              Seller's Guide to Radon, the Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction, and the
              Model Standards and Techniques for Control of Radon in New Residential
              Buildings, and others.

          D  http://www.epa.gov/iaq.  EPA's main page on indoor air quality. Includes
              information on indoor risk factors, e.g., asthma, secondhand smoke, carbon
              monoxide, duct cleaning, ozone generating devices, indoor air cleaners, flood
              cleanup, etc.

          D  http://www.epa.gov/safewater/radon.html. EPA's main page on radon in
              water. Includes information on statutory requirements and links to the drinking
              water standards program.

                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             33
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
             EPA supports the following hotlines to best serve
          consumers with radon-related questions and concerns.
             1-800-SOS-RADON (767-7236).  Radon Hotline, operated by the National
             Safety Council (NSC) in partnership with EPA. Order radon test kits by phone.

             1-800-55RADON (557-2366).  For live help with your radon questions.
             Operated by the National Safety Council (NSC) in partnership with EPA.

             1-800-644-6999 . Radon Fix-it Hotline, operated by the Consumer Federation
             of America Foundation (CFAF) in partnership with EPA.  For help with your
             radon mitigation questions.

             1-800-725-8312.  A Spanish (Espanol) language radon hotline, operated by
             the National Alliance for Hispanic Health (the Alliance) in partnership with
             EPA. For general help with radon, testing, and mitigation questions, and free
             test kits.

             1-800-438-4318. The Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Information Clearinghouse is
             privately operated under  contract to EPA.  You can order copies of EPA
             consumer-oriented radon publications and get general information on radon
             and indoor air quality issues.

             1-800-426-4791.   Safe Drinking Water Hotline, privately operated under
             contract to EPA. For general information on drinking water, radon in water,
             testing and treatment, and radon drinking water standards.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            34
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          Radon Risk and Testing

          D  Home Buyer's an d Seller's Guide to Radon
             (EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000).
             Everything you need to  know about effectively dealing with radon
             during a residential real estate transaction. This publication can be viewed
             at http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/pubs/hmbyguid.html and is available as a
             portable document format (pdf) file. The publication is in the public domain
             and may be reproduced or  reprinted in its entirety and without changes.  A
             franking/imprint space for  organizations and businesses is available on the
             lower half of the back cover. This publication was prepared by EPA's Indoor
             Environments Division (IED), Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (6609-J),
             1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20460.

             Single copies are available free from the following sources (multiple copies
             may be available in some instances; ask for details):

             /  State radon offices; see http://www.epa.gov/iaq/contacts.html.

             /  IAQ Information Clearinghouse at 1-800-438-4318 or at iaqinfo@aol.com.

             /  National Service Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP) at
                 1-800-490-9198.

             /  Any one of EPA's ten Regional offices.

             Single or multiple copies are available for a fee from the
             following sources (ask for details):

             /  The Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD) at
                 (502) 227-4543 (multiple copy orders only).

             /  U.S.  Government Printing Office (GPO) at (202) 512-1800.

             /  The American Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists (AARST)
                 at (800) 484-7551; code 5130 (multiple copy orders only).

             /  The National Radon Safety Board (NRSB) at (303) 423-2674 (multiple copy
                 orders only).

             /  The National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) at (800) 269-4174.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            35
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                         Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          D  A Citizen's Guide to Radon: The Guide to Protecting Yourself and Your
             Family From Radon (EPA 402-K92-001, September 1994).
             Provides basic information on radon, sources of radon, radon health risks, and
             how to test when you're not in a real estate transaction.

          D  A Radon Guide For Tenants (EPA 402-K98-004, August 1998).
             Provides tenants with basic information about radon, testing, and fixing. It
             also contains information directed to building owners and landlords.

          Redisemg lladoo Levels Iis a Home

          D  Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction (EPA 402-K92-003, August 1992).
             The consumer's basic source of information on how to reduce radon levels in
             a home's indoor air. It includes information about the key mitigation system
             components, installation and operating costs, radon health risks, and testing
             (when not in a real estate transaction).

          Building a New Home to Be Radon-Resistant

          D  Model Standards and Techniques for Control of Radon in New Residential
             Buildings (EPA 402-R-94-009, March 1994).
             These model standards were developed by EPA in conjunction with the home
             building industry. They provide technical details on how to make radon-resistant
             features an integral part of a new home during construction. A must for builders
             or anyone building a new or custom home.

          D  One- and Two-Family Dwelling Code, Appendix F
             The Council of American Building Code  Officials (CABO) One- and Two-
             Family Dwelling Code, Appendix F includes radon-resistant techniques. CABO
             International can be reached at (708) 799-2300 for information.

          D  Radon-Resistant Construction and Building Codes (May 1999).
             Published by the International Code Council (ICC) as a guide to building radon-
             resistant homes  and building codes; available from the ICC, 5203 Leesburg
             Pike, Suite 708, Falls Church, VA  22041.
                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                           36
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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
          Mfidoss Technical Guidsmee

          D  Radon Mitigation Standards (EPA 402-R-93-078, Revised April 1994).
             The basic reference for qualified radon mitigators. Includes details on passive
             and active mitigation techniques used to reduce radon levels in homes.
             Residential mitigation should conform to these basic design and performance
             standards, unless otherwise specified or required by state or local authorities.
             This technical document supports the Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction.

          D  Protocols for Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurements in Homes
             (EPA 402-R-92-003, June 1993).
             This document is intended for use by qualified radon measurement technicians
             and testers, and laboratories that analyze radon devices and prepare radon test
             results reports.  These  protocols were  written to guide routine  radon
             measurements (Citizen's Guide) and those made in conjunction with real estate
             transactions (Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide).

          D  Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Device Protocols
             (EPA 402-R-92-004, July 1992).
             This document is intended for use by qualified radon measurement technicians
             and testers. It contains detailed technical information on the types of radon
             measurement devices, their proper use and maintenance, and quality assurance
             procedures. These protocols were written to guide routine radon measurements
             (Citizen's Guide) and those made in conjunction with real estate transactions
             (Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide).
                             U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            37
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J
                           Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
                        (http://www.epa,gov/iaq/contacts,htmi)

              Call your state radon office or EPA Regional office for additional help with
          any of your radon questions. Up-to-date information on how to contact your state
          radon office is also available on the web (above). You will also find a list of state
          hotlines,  state indoor air coordinators, and state web sites (if available).  Some
          states can also provide you with a list of qualified radon services providers. Native
          Americans living on Tribal Lands should contact their Tribal Health Department
          or Housing Authority for assistance.
          AL-Alabama
          AK-Alaska
          AZ-Arizona
          AR-Arkansas
          CA-California1
          CO-Colorado
          CT-Connecticut
          DE-Delaware1
          DC-Dist. of Columbia
          FL-Florida1
          GA-Georgia
          Guam
          Hi-Hawaii
          ID-Idaho
          IL-Illinois1
          IN-Indiana1
          lA-Iowa1
          KS-Kansas
          KY-Kentucky1
          LA-Louisiana
          ME-Maine1
          MD-Maryland
          MA-Massachusetts
          Mi-Michigan
          MN-Minnesota
          MS-Mississippi
          MO-Missouri
          MT-Montana
334-206-5391
907-465-3090
602-255-4845 x244
501-661-2301
916-324-2208
303-692-3090
860-509-7367
302-739-4731
202-535-2302
850-245-4288
404-872-3549
671-475-1611
808-586-4700
208-332-7319
217-785-9958
317-233-7147
515-281-4928
785-296-1561
502-564-4856
225-925-7042
207-287-5676
215-814-2086
413-586-7525
517-335-8037
651-215-0909
601-987-6893
573-751-6160
406-444-6768
800-582-1866
800-478-8324
    None
800-482-5400
800-745-7236
800-846-3986
    None
800-464-4357
    None
800-543-8279
800-745-0037
    None
    None
800-445-8647
800-325-1245
800-272-9723
800-383-5992
800-693-5343
    None
800-256-2494
800-232-0842
800-438-2472 x2086
800-RADON95
800-723-6642
800-798-9050
800-626-7739
800-669-7236
800-546-0483
          1 Some states "regulate" or "qualify" providers of radon measurement and mitigation
          services by requiring registration, certification, or licensing; some issue identification
          cards. Your state can provide you with more information.
          r\
            The toll-free numbers shown are for in-state callers and are subject to change.

                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             38

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                           Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
                                      spa.gQy/iaq/contacts.htm!)
              Call your state radon office or EPA Regional office for additional help with
          any of your radon questions. Up-to-date information on how to contact your state
          radon office is also available on the web (above). You will also find a list of state
          hotlines,  state indoor air coordinators, and state web sites (if available).  Some
          states can also provide you with a list of qualified radon services providers. Native
          Americans living on Tribal Lands should contact their Tribal Health Department
          or Housing Authority for assistance.
          SIM!3
          NE-Nebraska1
          NV-Nevada
          NH-New Hampshire
          NJ-New Jersey1
          NM-New Mexico
          NY-New York
          NC-North Carolina
          ND-North Dakota
          OH-Ohio1
          OK-Oklahoma
          OR-Oregon
          PA-Pennsylvania1
          PR-Puerto Rico
          RI-Rhode Island1
          SC-South Carolina
          SD-South Dakota
          TN-Tennessee
          TX-Texas
          UT-Utah
          VT-Vermont
          VA-Virginia1
          WA-Washington
          WV-West Virginia1
          Wl-Wisconsin
          WY-Wyoming
402-471-0594
775-687-5494 x276
603-271-4674
609-984-5425
505-476-8531
800-458-1158
919-571-4141
701-328-5188
614-644-2727
405-702-5100
503-731-4272
717-783-3594
787-767-3563
401-222-2438
803-898-3893
605-773-3151
615-299-9725
512-834-6688
801-536-4250
802-865-7730
804-786-5932
360-236-3253
304-558-3427
608-267-4796
307-777-6015
800-334-9491
    None
800-852-3345 x4674
800-648-0394
    None
800-458-1158
    None
800-252-6325
800-523-4439
    None
    None
800-237-2366
    None
    None
800-768-0362
800-438-3367
800-232-1139
800-572-5548
800-458-0145
800-439-8550
800-468-0138
    None
800-922-1255
888-569-7236
800-458-5347
            Some states "regulate" or "qualify" providers of radon measurement and mitigation
          services by requiring registration, certification, or licensing; some issue identification
          cards. Your state can provide you with more information.

          2 The toll-free numbers shown are for in-state callers and are subject to change.
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                             39
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Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
REGION
US EPA New England/Region 1
O ne Congress S treet, Suite 1100
John F . Kennedy Federal Bldg.
Boston, MA 02114-2023
US EPA/Region 2
290 Broadway, 28th Floor
New York, NY 10007-1866
US EPA/Region 3
1650 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
US EPA/Region 4
61 Forsyth Street, SW
Atlanta, GA 30303-3104
US EPA/Region 5
77 West Jackson Blvd., (AE-17J)
Chicago, IL 60604
US EPA/Region 6
1445 Ross Avenue (6PD-T)
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
US EPA/Region 7
901 Norths'11 Street (ARTD/RALI)
Kansas C ity, KS 66101
US EPA/Region 8
999 18th Street, Suite 500 (8P-AR)
Denver, CO 80202-2466
US EPA/Region 9
75 Hawthorne Street (Air-6)
San Francisco, CA 94105
US EPA/Region 10
1200Sixth Avenue (OAQ-107)
Seattle, WA 98101
STATES
CT,MA, ME,
NH, RI, VT
NJ, NY,
PR, VI
DC, DE, MD,
PA, VA , WV
AL, FL, GA,
KY, MS, NC,
SC, TN
IL, IN, MI,
MN, OH, WI
AR, LA, NM,
OK, TX
I A, KS,
MO, NE
CO, MT, ND,
SD, UT, WY
AZ, CA, HI,
NV, GUAM
AK, ID,
OR, WA
PHONE /FAX
617-918-1630
617-918-4940-fax
212-637-4013
212-637^942-fax
800-438-2474 Toll-free
215-814-2086
215-814-2101-fax
404-562-9145
404-562-9095-fax
312-353-6686
312-886-0617-fax
800-887-6063 Toll-free
214-665-7550
214-665-6762-fax
913-551-7260
913-551-7065-fax
800-227-8917 Toll-free
303-312-6031
303-312-6044-fax
415-744-1046
415-744-1073-fax
206-553-7299
206-553-0110-fax
   U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                 40

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                Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon
4 pCi/L (picocuries per liter): inside
front cover, 3, 9, 10, 14, 15, 18, 19,
21,22,28

Active (radon) devices: 12, 14,27

Alterations:  7

BEIRVI:  1

Buying a home: inside front cover, 1,
2,7,9

Closed-house conditions:  13,17,20,
21

Contract:  8

Cost(s): 8, 9, 12, 22, 23, 26, 32

Crawl spaces:  10, 22

Device interference: inside front
cover, 2, 12

Disclosure: 5

Drinking water: 26, 28, 29, 30

Elevated (radon levels): 3, 4, 10,21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 28, back cover

Energy efficiency/efficient: 9

EPA Regional Offices:  31, 34, 35
Guidance/Guide:  1, 2, 6, 20, 23, 29,
31, 32, 33, back cover

High (radon) levels: 1,  14, 17, 22, 28

Hotline(s):  26, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35

Long-term test(s):  11,14

Lowest level:  2, 6, 8, 12, 23

Lung cancer/risk:  inside front cover,
1, 19, 25, 27, 28

(Minimum of)  48 hours: 14,  15, 21

Mitigation/radon-reduction techniques:
21,23

National Academy of Sciences: 1,18

Native Americans/tribal: 34, 35

Passive devices:  11,14,15

Picocuries per liter (pCi/L): inside
front cover, 3,  9, 10, 14, 15, 17, 19,
21,22,28

Private well: 25,26,28

Protocols: 6, 33

Qualified: 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12,  13, 14,
16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 33, 34
                    U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                   41

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                          Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon


          Radon devices:  11,27,33              Tenants: 32

          Radon proficiency:  6                  Testing device(s):  11,12,16,20,27

          Radon-reduction system: 2, 8, 20, 21,    Test interference: 11, 12, 13, 15, 17
          23,24
                                               Testkit(s): 11, 16, 30
          Radon-resistant construction/features/
          home/techniques: inside front cover,     Test results:  1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
          9, 10, 23, 32, 33                       11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, 28, 33

          Radon Testing Checklist: 5, 6, 7, 12,    Toll-free: 30, 34, 35
          20,21,25
                                               Web site(s):  26, 29, 34, 35
          Renovate(d)/renovation(s): 5, 6, 8, 12,
          23                                   Well water:  3,25,26,28

          Seller's test:  7                         Who will pay: 8

          Selling a home:  inside front cover, 1,
          5

          Service agreement(s): 4

          Short-term test(s): 2, 11, 14, 15, 16,
          17,20,21,28

          Smokers/smoking:  1, 18, 19, 27, 29

          Standards: 10, 24, 26, 29, 30, 32, 33

          State radon office: 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 15,
          17,25,26,27,28,29,31,34,35

          Sub-slab depressurization: 22

          Suitable for occupancy:  2, 5, 6, 8, 12

          Surgeon General: 1,4, back cover
                              U.S. EPA 402-K-00-008, July 2000
                                            42
~l

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                     SURGEON  GENERAL  HEALTH  ADVISORY
        "Indoor radon gas is a national health problem.  Radon causes thousands of deaths
        each year. Millions of homes have elevated radon levels. Homes should be tested for
        radon. When elevated levels are confirmed, the problem should be corrected."
        Consumers need to know about the health of a house they are considering purchasing,
        including whethertheie is a radon piobJan ,andifso,how to fix it. TheHome Buyer's
        and Seller's Guide to Radon provides practical consumer information that every home
        buyer needs to know.
                           S      '^MfflMBy J
                           *        fW: x
                                         Consumer Federation of America Foundation
v-P?F»
 7f£?S
                                                                    National
                                                                    Safety
                                                                    Council
                                                I .Mb'
                                      Recycled/Recyclable
                                      Printed on pa per that contains
                                      at least 50% recycled fiber
                             For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office
                    Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328
                                    ISBN 0-16-041680-9
~\

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