600478062
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Monitoring and Support EPA-600/4-78-062
Laboratory           October 1978
Cincinnati OH 45268
             Research and Development
Environmental
Requirements and
Pollution Tolerance of
Plecoptera

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                RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES

Research reports of the Office of Research and Development. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology.  Elimination  of traditional grouping was  consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:

      1.  Environmental Health Effects Research
      2.  Environmental Protection Technology
      3.  Ecological Research
      4.  Environmental Monitoring
      5.  Socioeconomic Environmental  Studies
      6.  Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
      7   Interagency  Energy-Environment Research and Development
      8.  "Special1' Reports
      9.  Miscellaneous Reports

This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING series.
This series describes research conducted to develop new or improved methods
and instrumentation for the  identification and  quantification of environmental
pollutants at the lowest conceivably significant concentrations. It also includes
studies to determine the ambient concentrations of pollutants in the environment
and/or the variance of pollutants as a function of time or meteorological factors.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia  22161.

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                                            EPA-600/4-78-062
                                            October 1978
   ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS AND POLLUTION
            TOLERANCE OF PLECOPTERA
                      by
     Rebecca F.  Surdick and Arden R.  Gaufin
             Department of Biology
              University of Utah
          Salt Lake City, Utah  84112
               Grant No. R803537
                Project Officer

                Donald J. Kleram
            Aquatic Biology Section
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
            Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
      OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
           CINCINNATI, OHIO  45268

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                                 DISCLAIMER

     This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  and approved
for publication.  Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
nor does mention of trade names or commerical products constitute endorse-
ment or recommendation for use.

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                                  FOREWORD

     Environmental measurements are required to determine the quality of
ambient water, the character of effluents, and the effects of pollutants
on aquatic life.  The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory -
Cincinnati conducts research to develop, evaluate, and promulgate methods
to:

     *  Measure the presence and concentration of physical, chemical,
        and radiological pollutants in water, wastewater., bottom sediments,
        and solid waste.
     *  Concentrate, recover, and identify enteric viruses, bacteria,
        other microorganisms in water.
     *  Measure the effects of pollution on freshwater, estuarine, and
        marine organisms, including the phytoplankton, zooplankton,
        periphyton, macrophyton, macroinvertebrates,  and fish.
     *  Automate the measurement of physical, chemical, and biological
        quality of water.
     *  Conduct an Agency-wide quality assurance program to assure
        standardization and quality control of systems for monitoring
        water and wastewater.

     The effectiveness of measures taken to protect the biological
integrity of the Nation's surface waters is dependent upon our knowledge
of the environmental requirements of aquatic organisms and our understand-
ing of the complex relationships that prevail in aquatic ecosystems.
This study focuses on an important group of aquatic insects—the Plecoptera
(stoneflies).  Stonefly nymphs are important components of the benthic fauna
in lotic waters, especially in the riffle areas of streams, and a few species
occur in lakes.  They are generally found in well oxygenated waters,  and many
species are quite specific in their ecological preference.  The nymphs and
adults are also important in the diets of many fish species.

     This report is the fourth in a series of reports in preparation on the
environmental requirements and pollution tolerance of aquatic organisms.
Water quality profiles have been developed to serve as companions to  the
EPA biological methods manual and identification manuals to assist biologists
in evaluating data collected during studies concerning the effects of toxic
substances and other pollutants on the structure of indigenous communities
of aquatic organisms.


                                    Dwight G. Ballinger
                                    Director
                                    Environmental Monitoring and
                                    Support Laboratory - Cincinnati
                                     111

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                                  ABSTRACT
     Environmental requirements associated with 363 North American species of
the freshwater insects of the order Plecoptera (stoneflies) were investigated.
Profile forms on each species, representing a compilation of information sur-
veyed from selected published sources, indicate the ranges of environmental
conditions under which the species has been found.  Ecological parameters con-
sidered include:  pH, nutrients, organic pollution, dissolved oxygen concen-
tration, temperature, turbidity, current, general and specific habitats, sea-
sonal emergence of adults, feeding behavior and geographical distribution.
The report is designed to be applicable to water quality investigations and
to provide a baseline from which further ecological and systematic research
is encouraged.
                                      IV

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                               CONTENTS









Foreword	ill




Abstract	iv




Acknowledgments	vi









   1.  Introduction 	    1




   2,  Definitions of Ecological Parameters 	     5




   3.  Literature Cited 	    10




   4.  Species Included in this Compilation and their




       Geographical Distribution  ... 	    14




   5.  Selected References for Stonefly Ecological Profiles ....    41




   6.  Ecological Profiles for 363 Species of Plecoptera  	    50
                                    v

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                               ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
     Our sincere admiration and gratitude is extended to those scientists who
have contributed their research, observations and interest to the field of
aquatic ecology, and whose published results are herein surveyed.  We are
indebted to Ralph Peterson, Dr. George F. Edmunds, Jr., Mrs. Ruth Gaufin and
Doug Pifer for their valuable assistance, and to Mrs. Maurine V. Vaughan for
manuscript typing.
                                      VI

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                                  SECTION 1


                                INTRODUCTION
     The immatures or nymphs of the insect order Plecoptera are an integral
part of the benthic fauna of lotic freshwater ecosystems.  Because of their
usually species specific environmental requirements and tolerance of narrow
ranges of fluctuation in environmental conditions, the species composing a
community reflect the physical, chemical and biological nature of their en-
vironment.  Even apparently minor changes may effect compensating alterations
in species composition, abundance and distribution.

     The intent of this project is to provide a useful source book of informa-
tion on the ecological parameters associated with various species of
Plecoptera.  It commenced as a general survey of the literature and repre-
sents a compilation of the information into broad categories.  The report
provides readily accessible profiles of the ranges of environmental conditions
under which a species has been found.  It also provides a bibliography citing
pertinent literature which should be referred to for more explicit informa-
tion.  The report is designed to be applicable to water quality investiga-
tions and to provide a baseline from which further ecological and systematic
research is encouraged.

     The project is necessarily preliminary for two reasons.  First, it is
not an exhaustive survey of the literature since only major sources were con-
sulted and common species included.  Second, the present insufficient know-
ledge of stonefly ecology and systematics limits such reports to synoptic
contributions, communicating the need, possibilities and excitement of con-
tinued research.

     For the novice, stoneflies in all stages of development are difficult to
collect and obscured by drab coloration.  Compared to other insects,
Plecoptera are infrequently encountered and seldom studied, in spite of their
interesting morphology and natural history familiar to their avid students.
It is estimated that the order is only about half known, leaving as many spe-
cies yet to be discovered as already named (Steyskal, 1976).

     Systematic studies have emphasized adult taxonomy.  Many nymphs are more
difficult to collect than adults and must be reared to the adult or obtained
pharate in order to accurately determine the species.  Adequate taxonomic
characters for nymphs are seldom as obvious or as reliable as adult charac-
ters and therefore identification keys are few.

     Taxonomic literature and early general publications on the order fre-
quently include observations and anecdotes on ecology, life cycles and

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emergence.  Most of the information is accurate and provides the basis of
knowledge of plecopteran ecology.  Some is superficial and this stimulates
continued research.

     Ecological research involving stonefly nymphs and adults, and other
benthic invertebrates has increased in recent years.  However, much addition-
al research is required to more accurately delineate the environmental re-
quirements and ecological parameters of each species.  Field studies are es-
sential but complicated by the logistical problems of working with small,
aquatic insects.  Laboratory studies often entail simulating natural condi-
tions and devising suitable rearing techniques.  The perfected artificial
environment, however, also provides the opportunity for controlled experi-
ments involving toxic factors and tolerance responses to environmental con-
taminants and stress.  Field investigations on the natural history of the
species and benthic community response to altered environmental factors enable
the researcher to relate laboratory findings to real situations.

     Numerous ecological studies on the environmental requirements of several
species of Plecoptera have been conducted at the University of Utah by the
second author and colleagues and at various other institutions.  Sources pro-
viding results of these field and laboratory investigations are included in
the profile  sheet references.

     Several systematic catalogs are available, including comprehensive re-
views, revisions and contributions to studies of the world plecopteran fauna.
Claassen's catalog of 1940 was the first attempt and the recent publications
of lilies (1966) and Zwick (1973) have contributed systematic listings of
species, extensive literature surveys and new phylogenetic considerations.
The catalogs include species synonymies, distribution records and numerous
references to taxonomic and biological information.

     Keys to families, genera and often species of adult and immature stone-
flies are available in most of the regional publications.  The keys are us-
ually limited to the species known to occur in the region covered.  Included
in this literature are studies on the stoneflies of the following areas:
Utah (Gaufin et at. 3  1966); Montana (Gaufin et al.3 1972); California (Jewett,
1956, 1960); Pacific Northwest (Jewett, 1959); Illinois (Frison, 1935, 1942);
Texas (Szczytko and Stewart, 1977); Louisiana (Stewart et al.3 1976);
Pennsylvania (Surdick and Kim, 1976); Minnesota (Harden and Mickel, 1952);
and British Columbia (Ricker, 1943; Ricker and Scudder, 1975).  Hitchcock's
(1974) publication on Connecticut stoneflies includes an extensive review of
their biology.  Two additional manuscripts covering Rocky Mountain stoneflies
(Baumann et at., in press) and Florida stoneflies (Stark and Gaufin, in
press) will provide more comprehensive and accurate information on these
regions.

     Species lists and local distributions within other regions include:
Nevada (Gather et al.3  1975); Ohio (Gaufin, 1956); Colorado (Stark et al.,
1973a,b); New Mexico (Stark et al., 1975); Oklahoma (Stark and Stewart,
1973); Indiana (Ricker, 1945); West Virginia (Farmer and Tarter, 1976; Steele
and Tarter,  1977); and Quebec (Ricker et al. 3  1968).  Other taxonomic publi-
cations with keys and distributions include the volumes by Needham and

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Claassen (1925) and Claassen (1931).

     More complete and accurate taxonomic information and keys are available
in systematic revisions of families and genera.  Those references prior to
1973 are listed in the systematic catalogs.  Recent contributions and other
useful revisions and keys include the following groups:  Leuctridae (Harper
and Hynes, 1971b; Ricker and Ross, 1969); Capniidae (Nebeker and Gaufin, 1965,
1967, 1968; Hanson, 1946; Harper and Hynes, 1971a; Ross and Ricker, 1971;
Ricker, 1959); Nemouridae (Baumann, 1975; Ricker, 1952; Harper arid Hynes,
1971c); Taeniopterygidae (Harper and Hynes, 1971d; Ricker and Ross, 1968,
1975); Peltoperlidae (Ricker, 1952); Pteronarcyidae (Nelson and Hanson, 1971);
Perlodidae (Ricker, 1952); Perlidae (Stark and Gaufin, 1976a,b).  Revisionary
research is presently underway on Isoperlinae by Szczytko and Chloroperlinae
by Surdick.

     Taxonomic status of species in this publication follows that of lilies
(1966) and Zwick (1973).  Because of name changes due to systematic revisions
and taxonomic rules, species names in the reference do not always agree with
the profile forms.  However, they refer to the same species and can be
checked in the synonymies listed in the catalogs.  A species discussed in a
reference may actually represent a complex of several species or include an
undescribed species.  When possible, this is noted on the profiles.

     Since species within a genus show differences in environmental require-
ments, ecological information relating to genera or families is not categor-
ized on the profile forms.  Taxonomic literature with only regional or emer-
gence data is also excluded from the profiles, eliminating uncommon species
from the report.  Profile forms may be completed or added when more informa-
tion becomes available on each species.

     A wide interpretation of the data was necessary in order to categorize
the information.  Values and ranges reflect the experimental and observa-
tional bias of each study.  Results vary for populations according to genetic
differences, time and locality.

     Stonefly nymphs are generally restricted to clean water habitats.  Most
species inhabit cold, swift water, high in dissolved oxygen content and low
in turbidity.  Individual species, however, deviate from this generalization.
Common, slower water forms are sometimes tolerant of moderate organic loading.
Other species inhabit turbid prairie streams, cold-stenothermal high altitude
lakes, constant temperature springs or moist seeps.  Several species are able
to survive in temporary streams because of egg or nymphal diapause or by
burrowing to moisture beneath the substrate.

     The seasonal presence of nymphs of a species depends on adult emergence
time, length of nymphal life, egg diapause or failure of sampling technique.
Adults of different species emerge sequentially throughout the year.  Occur-
rence and length of emergence periods vary according to elevation, latitude
and constancy of water temperature.

     Food selection and specific habitat relates to nymphal development.
Some species are known to change from herbivore to carnivore with increasing

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size and development of mouthparts.  Changes in feeding behavior may require
a shift in habitat in order to increase food availability.  Prior to emer-
gence, nymphs often cease eating and migrate shoreward to await ecdysis.

     Literature references include those published up to late Summer, 1977.

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                                  SECTION 2


                    DEFINITIONS OF ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS



pH -

            Acidobiontic - occurring at pH below 5.5.

            Acidophileus - occurring between pH 5.5 and 7.0.

            Neutral - occurring around pH 7.

            Alkaliphilous - occurring at pH between 8.5 and 7.0.

            Alkalibiontic - occurring at pH above 8.5.

            Indifferent - occurring in both acidic and alkaline waters.

               Laboratory research has been conducted on tolerance levels of
            several stonefly species to hydrogen-ion concentrations.  Refer-
            ences to these studies and selected results are included in the
            notes for each species involved.

Nutrient -

            Eutrophic - occurring in waters with high nutrient concentrations.

            Mesotrophic - occurring in waters with moderate nutrient concen-
               trations.

            Oligotrophic - occurring in waters with low nutrient concentra-
               tions .

            Dystrophic - occurring in waters rich in humic material.

               This parameter indicates the relative degree of primary pro-
            duction and therefore reflects the organic and inorganic chemical
            nature and successional stage of the waters.

Organics -

            Saprophilic - occurring in organically polluted waters.

            Facultative - occurring in both polluted and clean waters.

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            Saproxenous - occurring in clean to slightly  polluted waters.

            Saprophobic - occurring in waters that are not polluted.

               These general categories indicate the tolerance of stoneflies
            to organic loading.   Most of the references to organic  pollution
            in the literature state general attributes of the habitat,  but  do
            not include chemical measurements.   These references  are  included
            here, along with results of research and data collected on  pollu-
            tion effects.
            Euoxyphilous - occurring in waters with high oxygen concentration
               (saturated).

            Mesoxyphilous - occurring in waters with moderate oxygen concen-
               tration.

            Oligoxyphilous - occurring in water with low oxygen concentration.

               Much of the literature refers to these general categories  con-
            cerning oxygen requirements of stoneflies.  Usually, where values
            are given in the reference, they still indicate general ranges
            and are checked in the appropriate category.  Data are included
            in the notes when the research specifically involves oxygen tol-
            erances.  The dissolved oxygen concentration tolerated by a
            stonefly varies according to the temperature of the water.  Lab-
            oratory research on stonefly respiration include data on tempera-
            tures and oxygen concentrations of the experimental environment.
Temperature -
            Euthermal - warm-water forms,  occurring at temperatures greater
               than 30°C.

            Mesothermal -  temperate-water  forms, occurring at temperatures
               between 15°C and 30°C.

            Oligothermal - cold-water forms, occurring at temperatures below
               15°C.

            Stenothermal - occurring over  a temperature range of 5°C or less.

            Metathermal -  occurring over a temperature range of 5°C to 15°C.

            Eurythermal -  occurring over a temperature range of 15°C or
               greater.

               When the temperature range  is great for a species, it is often
            both Oligothermal and Mesothermal, and both categories are
            checked.  Temperature ranges may vary with latitude and often

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            depend on altitude and nature of the habitat.

Turbidity -

            Eulichtophilous - occurring in clear waters.

            Mesolichtophilous - occurring in moderately turbid waters.

            Polylichtophilous - occurring over a wide range of turbidity.

            Oligolichtophilous - occurring in highly turbid waters.

Current -

            Limnobiontic - usually occurring in standing waters.

            Limnophilous - usually occurring in waters with only a slight
               current.

            Indifferent - occurring in both flowing and standing waters.

            Rheophilous - usually occurring in waters with moderate current.

            Rheobiontic - usually occurring in waters with a fast current.

               When the literature reference lists a species as inhabiting
            riffles, it is considered Rheobiontic.  When it inhabits slower
            reaches of a stream, it is considered Rheophilous.  Few stone-
            flies inhabit pools, where they would be considered Limnophilous.

General Habitat -

            Lake - occurring in large inland bodies of standing waters, usu-
               ally of sufficient depth to stratify thermally.
            Pond - occurring in small inland bodies of standing waters,
               ally shallow enough for littoral vegetation to extend to the
               center .

            River - occurring in large flowing waters.

            Stream - occurring in small flowing waters.

            Other - occurring in other types of aquatic habitats.

               The Stream category includes spring-fed streams, small streams,
            large streams and creeks.  Springs, spring outlets, temporary
            streams and intermittent streams are included under Other and
            specified under notes.  When stoneflies inhabit lakes, they are
            usually cold, clear and high elevation or glacier-melt lakes.
            Elevations of collections are noted.

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Specific Habitat -

            Epibenthic - occurring on, but not penetrating the substrate.

            Embenthic - occurring in (penetrating) the substrate.

            Epipelic - occurring on (or in) mud and silt.

            Episabulic - occurring on (or in) sand.

            Epilithic - occurring on (or under, or between )rocks or gravel.

            Epixylous - occurring on (or in) wood.

            Epiphytic - occurring on (or in) plants.

               Many stoneflies inhabit leaf packs, trash and debris caught in
            vegetation and roots, behind stones in the stream or settled in
            a spring or seep.  These species are listed as Epiphytic, and
            the habitat specified in the notes.

Emergence -

            Winter - sexually mature form present in winter (November to
               early March).

            Spring - sexually mature form present in spring (late March to
               early June).

            Summer - sexually mature form present in summer (late June to
               August).

            Autumn - sexually mature form present in autumn (September to
               early November).

               Emergence times vary according to altitude, latitude, weather,
            habitat and population.

Feeding Behavior -

            Predator - feeds on animals (carnivore).

            Herbivore - feeds on plants.

            Omnivore - feeds on a variety of food.

            Scavenger - feeds on non-living organic matter and/or bacteria.

               Feeding behavior is listed as referenced.  Thus, a known leaf-
            shredder may be listed as Herbivore according to an older refer-
            ence.  Usually, leaf-shredders are checked as Scavengers.  Spe-
            cies feeding on diatoms are Herbivores.  Since stoneflies often

                                      8

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            change feeding behavior with size, age and food availability,
            two categories, or Omnivore may be checked.

Other Water Chemistry, Toxicity, Misc. -

               Field measurements and research on chemical requirements are
            referred to.  Also noted are studies on the toxic responses of
            stoneflies to various chemicals, including pesticides.   Informa-
            tion not fitting in notes for a category is continued here.
            Numbers in parenthesis indicate literature references.

Geographic Distribution -

            Region I - Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire,
               Rhode Island, Vermont.

            Region II - New Jersey, New York.

            Region III - Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West
               Virginia.

            Region IV - Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi,
               North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee.

            Region V - Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio,
               Wisconsin.

            Region VI - Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma,  Texas.

            Region VII - Iowa-, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska.

            Region VIII - Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota,
               Utah, Wyoming.

            Region IX - Arizona, California, Nevada.

            Region X - Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington.

            Region XI - Canada east of Manitoba.

            Region XII - Canada west of Manitoba.

               The region checked indicates the region discussed in the ref-
            erence.  Actual distribution may not be restricted to the regions
            checked.  Numbers indicate literature references.

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                                   SECTION 3
                              LITERATURE CITED
Baumann, R. W.  1975.  Revision of the stonefly family Nemouridae
     (Plecoptera):  A study of the world fauna at the generic level.  Smith-
     sonian Contrib. Zool. No. 211, 74 pp.

Baumann, R. W., A. R. Gaufin and R. F. Surdick.  1977.  The stoneflies
     (Plecoptera) of the Rocky Mountains.  Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. 31:  208 pp.

Gather, M. R., B. P. Stark and A. R. Gaufin.  1975.  Records of stoneflies
     (Plecoptera) from Nevada.  Great Basin Natur. 35:49-50.

Claassen, P. W.  1931.  Plecoptera nymphs of America (North of Mexico).
     Thomas Say Found.  199 pp.

Claassen, P, W.  1940.  A catalogue of the Plecoptera of the world.  Mem.
     Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. No. 232, 235 pp.

Farmer, R. G. and D. C. Tarter.  1976.  Distribution of the superfamily
     Nemouroidea in West Virginia (Insecta: Plecoptera).  Ent. News 87:17-24.

Prison, T. H.  1935.  The stoneflies, or Plecoptera, of Illinois.  Bull. Ill,
     Natur. Hist. Surv. 20:281-471.

Frison, T. H.  1942.  Studies of North American Plecoptera with special ref-
     erence to the fauna of Illinois.  Bull. 111. Natur. Hist. Surv.
     22:234-355.

Gaufin, A. R.  1956.  An annotated list of the stoneflies of Ohio
     (Plecoptera).  Ohio J. Sci. 56:321-324.

Gaufin, A. R., A. V. Nebeker and J. Sessions.  1966.  The stoneflies
     (Plecoptera) of Utah.  Univ. Utah Biol. Ser. 14:1-89.

Gaufin, A. R., W, E. Ricker, M. Miner, P. Milam and R. A. Hays.  1972.  The
     stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Montana.  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 98:1-161.

Hanson, J. F.  1946.  Comparative morphology and taxonomy of the Capniidae
     (Plecoptera).  Amer. Midi. Natur. 35:193-249.

Harden, P. H. and C. E. Mickel.  1952.  The stoneflies of Minnesota
     (Plecoptera).  Univ. Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 201, 84 pp.


                                      10

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Harper, P. P. and H. B. N. Hynes.  1971a.  The Capniidae of Eastern Canada
      (Insecta: Plecoptera).  Canad. J. Zool. 49:921-940.

Harper, P. P. and H. B. N. Hynes.  1971b.  The Leuctridae of Eastern Canada
      (Insecta: Plecoptera).  Canad. J. Zool. 49:915-920.

Harper, P. P. and H. B. IS. Hynes.  1971c.  The nymphs of the Nemouridae of
      Eastern Canada  (Insecta: Plecoptera).  Canad. J. Zool. 49:1129-1142.

Harper, P. P. and H. B. N. Hynes.  1971d.  The nymphs of the Taenioptery-
      gidae of Eastern Canada (Insecta: Plecoptera).  Canad. J. Zool. 49:
      941-947.

Hitchcock, S. W.  1974.  The Plecoptera or stoneflies of Connecticut.  Part
      VII.  Guide to  the insects of Connecticut.  St. Geol. and Natur. Hist.
      Surv. Conn. Bull. 107, 262 pp.

lilies, J.  1966.  Katalog der rezenten Plecoptera.  Das Tierreich.  82:
      1-632.

Jewett, S. G., Jr.   1956.  Plecoptera.  In: Usinger, R. L.  Aquatic insects
      of California.  Univ. Calif. Press, p. 155-181.

Jewett, S. G., Jr.   1959.  The stoneflies  (Plecoptera) of the Pacific North-
      west.  Ore. St. Coll. Press.  95 pp.

Jewett, S. G., Jr.   1960.  The stoneflies  (Plecoptera) of California.  Bull.
      Calif. Insect.  Surv. 6:123-177.

Nebeker, A. V. and A. R. Gaufin.  1965.  The Capnia colunibiana complex of
      North America (Capniidae: Plecoptera).  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 91:
      467-487.

Nebeker, A. V. and A. R. Gaufin.  1967.  New Capnia from the Rocky Mountains
      (Plecoptera, Capniidae).  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 93:235-247.

Nebeker, A. V. and A. R. Gaufin.  1968.  The winter stoneflies of the Rocky
      Mountains (Plecoptera, Capniidae).  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 94:1-24.

Needham, J. G. and P. W. Claassen.  1925.  A monograph of the Plecoptera or
      stoneflies of America North of Mexico.  Thomas Say Found.  397 pp.

Nelson, C. H. and J. F. Hanson.  1971.  Contribution to the anatomy and
      phylogeny of the family Pteronarcidae (Plecoptera).  Trans. Amer. Ent.
      Soc. 97:123-200.

Ricker, W. E.  1943.   Stoneflies of Southwestern British Columbia.  Ind.
      Univ. Publ. Sci. Ser.  145 pp.

Ricker, W. E.  1945.   A first list of Indiana stoneflies (Plecoptera).  Proc-
      Ind. Acad. Sci.  54:225-230.
                                     11

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Ricker, W. E.  1952.  Systematic studies in Plecoptera.  Ind. Univ. Publ.
     Sci. Ser. No. 18, 200 pp.

Ricker, W. E.  1959.  The species of Isocapnia Banks (Insecta, Plecoptera,
     Nemouridae).  Canad. J. Zool. 37:639-653.

Ricker, W. E. and H. H. Ross.  1968.  North American species of Taenioptevyx
     (Plecoptera, Insecta).   J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 25:1423-1439.

Ricker, W. E. and H. H. Ross.  1969.  The genus Zealeuotra and its position
     in the family Leuctridae (Plecoptera, Insecta).  Canad. J. Zool.
     47:1113-1127.

Ricker, W. E. and H. H. Ross.  1975.  Synopsis of the Brachypterinae
     (Insecta: Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae).  Canad. J. Zool. 53:132-153.

Ricker, W. E. and G. G. E. Scudder.  1975.  An annotated checklist of the
     Plecoptera (Insecta) of British Columbia.  Syesis 8:333-348.

Ricker, W. E., R. Malouin, P. Harper and H. H. Ross.  1968.  Distribution of
     Quebec stoneflies (Plecoptera).  Natur. Canad. 95:1085-1123.

Ross, H. H. and W. E. Ricker.  1971.  The classification, ecology and dis-
     persal of the winter stonefl'y genus Allocapn-ia.  111. Biol. Monogr. No.
     45, 166 pp.

Stark,  B. P. and A. R. Gaufin.  1976a.  The nearctic genera of Perlidae
     (Plecoptera).  Ent.  Soc. Amer. Misc. Publ. 10:1-80.

Stark,  B. P. and A. R. Gaufin.  1976b.  The Nearctic species of Aovoneuria.
     J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 49:221-253.

Stark,  B. P. and A. R. Gaufin.  In press.  The stoneflies of Florida.

Stark,  B. P. and K. W. Stewart.   1973.  Distribution of stoneflies
     (Plecoptera) in Oklahoma.  J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 46:563-577.

Stark,  B. P., B. R. Oblad and A. R. Gaufin.  1973a.  An annotated list of the
     stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Colorado.  Part I. Ent. News. 84:269-277.

Stark,  B. P., B. R. Oblad and A. R. Gaufin.  1973b.  An annotated list of the
     stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Colorado.  Part II. Ent. News. 84:301-305.

Stark,  B. P., T. A. Wolff and A. R. Gaufin.  1975.  New records of stoneflies
     (Plecoptera) from New Mexico.  Great Basin Natur. 35:97-99.

Steele, B. D. and D. C. Tarter.   1977.  Distribution of the family Perlidae
     in West Virginia (Plecoptera).  Ent. News 88:18-22.

Stewart, K. W., B. P. Stark and T. G. Huggins.  1976.  The stoneflies
     (Plecoptera) of Louisiana.   Great Basin Natur. 36:366-384.


                                      12

-------
Steyskal, G. C.  1976.  Notes on the nomenclature and taxonomic growth of the
     Plecoptera.  In: Baumann, R.  W.  A report on the Fifth International
     Symposium on Plecoptera.  Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 88:399-428.

Surdick, R. F. and K. C. Kim.  1976.  Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of
     Pennsylvania.  Penn. St. Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 808, 73 pp.

Szczytko, S, W. and K. W. Stewart.  1977,  The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of
     Texas.  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 103:327-378.

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     katalog.  Das Tierreich.  94:1-465.
                                     13

-------
                                 SECTION 4


                   SPECIES INCLUDED IN THIS COMPILATION

                        GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION*
Numbers under regions indicate literature references,
parameter.
See definition of
                                    14

-------
*-"
SPECIES

NEMOURIDAE
Amphinemura bariksi
Baumann & Gaufin 1972
A. delosa (Ricker) 1952

A. linda (Ricker) 1952
A . nigri tta (Provancher)
1876
A. varshava (Ricker) 1952
A. venusta (Banks) 1911

A. wui (Claassen) 1936
Lednia tumana (Ricker) 1952
Malenka bifurcata (Claassen)
1923
M. biloba (Claassen) 1923

M. aaliforn-iaa (Claassen)
1923

M, aoloPadensis (Banks) 1897


\i. cornuta (Claassen) 1923

tf. depressa (Banks) 1898

;
i
•
II




96,104,
113

113

113


















.


96,103,
104






103,104















i
III




96,104











•












IV

V




59,96,
104

94,114




104
















61,77,96,
101,104
39
30






















REG;
VI





























ON
VII




75
























i
VIII j
IX
X
1

112







98,104,
109,111

112




2,64,104,
109,111,
112
54,55,103,
104,109,
111,112




















76,100,
104
80,100,
102,104






100,102
104














102



102,104,
122




102,122

102,104


X!
:



39,83,105

39,105 •
39,105




11,105











i
XII


















72
1
'



(72,104,
110







-------
SPECIES
M. flexiwa (Glaassen) 1923


M. mrionae (Hitchcock) 1958
M. pefplexa (Friaon) 1936
M. tina (Ricker) 1952
Nemoura triepinosa
Claassen 1923
OetroGerca albidipennie
(Walker) 1852
0. dinriaki (Fjrison) 1936
0. foevsteri (Ricker) 1943
0. prolongatct (Claassen)
1923
0. tpiaioata (Claassen) 1923
Paranemoura p&rfecta
(Walker) 1852
Podmoeta deaepta (Prison)
1942
P. deliaatula (Glaassen)
1923
P. obsaura (Prison) 1936
Pvostoia beaamtea (Ricker)
1952

P. eorrtpleta (Walker) 1852

1






113

104



104

104,113
113









98

II






96,104

104


















III



























IV



























V






96


















38
;

REG!
VI



















85


85




ON
VII



























VIII





112











109,112

98 , 104 ,
109,112

54,64,108,
109,111,
112


IX
104,111,
112

100















80,100,
102

80,100,
102



X
102,111



02
102




102
102,122





23,102

L02

102,122
L02




XI






39,83,105

83,105



105


41,83,105,
113








39,105
XII










72,110
110





110

110


70



i

-------
SPECIES
P. sinrilis (Hagen) 1861
Shipsa rotunda (Claassen)
1923

Soyedina interrupta
(Claassen) 1923
S. nevadensis (Claassen)
1923
S. products. (Claassen) 1923
S. valliaularia (Wu) 1923
S, washingtoni (Claassen)
1923
Visoka aataraetae (Heave)
1933
Zapada cinotipes (Banks)
1897



Z. oolwribiana (Claassen)
1923

Z. Cordillera (Baumann &
Gaufin) 1971
Z. frigida (Claassen) 1923

Z. glacier (Bauraann &
Gaufin) 1971
Z. haysi (flicker) 1952



I

96,104







104,105
104





















II









103,104






















III
104































IV









59,104
L04




















V
61,77
77,96





























i
REGION'
VI | VII














85









85



85



































VIII




112







L12

i, 8, 36, 38,
>4,55,64,
102,104,
108,109,
L11.U2
?,8,64,
.02,108,
111,112 .
.12

L12

L12

L,8,64,
102,109,
.11,112

IX




80

100

80,100



100,102

38,80,100,
102,104



30,100,
L02



30,100,
102


100,102



X




102,104,
122


102,122



102

23,102,
104,122



102,111




23,102,
104,122


102



XI
105
39,105







39,105





















XII

I
1

72



72,110



72,110

13,70,72,
L10



'0,72,
104,110



UO






j

-------
oo
SPECIES
2. oregonensis (Claassen)
1923

TAENIOPTERYGIDAE
Doddsia ooaidentalis (Banks]
1900

Oemopteryx aontovta.
(Needham & Claassen)
1925
0. fosketti (Ricker) 1965
0. glacial-is (Newport) 1818
Strophopteryx faaaiata
(Burraeister) 1839

S. OBtra Ricker & Ross 1975
Taenionema aalifoxmiaum
(Needham & Claassen)
1925
T. grinnelU (Banks) 1918
T. nigripenne (Banks) 1918


21. oregonenee (Needham &
Claassen) 1925
7. paoifiawn (Banks) 1900



I







104



96
96,104
















II











96
96,104
















III












96,103,
104















IV












94,96
104















V











96
28,96,99,
101,103,
104














REG
VI












90


114




85








ON
VI t












75,96
104















VIII
54,55,
109,111,
112

98,102,
104,108,
111,112



109,111









36,64,102,
109,111.
112


29,54,98,
L02.104,
L08.109,
111,112
IX
80,100,
102


100,102











100,103
104

100,104
100,102




100,102



X
23,102,
104,122


23,102,
104














69,102,
122

102,104

55,102,
104


XI












42
















XII
70,72
110


72,110















72,110




72,110




-------
SPECIES

T. pallidutrt (Banks) 1902


T. rayno'H'Um (Claassen)
1937

T. vanduzeeum (Claassen)
1937
Taeniopteryx burksi
Rlcker & Ross 1968
T, Uta Prison 1942

T. lonioepa Ricker & Ross
1968
T. maura (Pictet) 1841


T. nivalis (Fitch) 1847

T. parvula Banks 1918

T. etarki Stewart &
Szczytko 1974
CAPNIIDAE
Alloaapnia aurora Ricker
1952
A. bpooksi Ross 1964
A. Cunningham. Ross &
Ricker 1971

I









104,113





104,H3


104

96,99,104










II









104





103,104


103,104

96,99,104










III









104





14,15,16,
77,103,
104
77,103,
104
96,99,
103,104



97

.



IV









94,104





90,104


104

94




97

37
97


V









25,99,
101,104




5,6,28,30,
68,77,103,
104
61,77,103,
104
77,96,99,
101,104









REG
VI









87,114
115
87,114,
115
114,115

114,115






114








ON
VII















75


75












VIII

54,55,
102,104,
111,112


f
IX X
XI

100,102


80,100


























100










100,102












69,102,
110















102




















42








42












XII

110




|











13













-------
SPECIES
A. ourioea Prison 1942
A. forb&ei Frison 1929
A. frieoni Ross & Ricker
1964
A. fianoea Ross 1964
A. granulata (Glaassen)
1924
A. illinoensie Frison 1935
A. indianae Ricker 1952
A. jeanae Ross 1964
A. loehada Ricker 1952
A. malvePna Ross 1964
A. mafia Hanson 1942
A. minima (Newport) 1851
A. mohri Ross & Ricker 1964
A. mystiaa Frison 1929
A. niviaola (Fitch) 1847
A. ohioenaie Ross & Ricker
" 1964
A. ozarkana Ross 1964
A. peohumani Ross & Ricker
1964
I




113
97
113




97,98,104

113




II
97

97

97,98,
104
97
97



97
97,98,104


97
97

97
III
97
97
97

97,98,
104



97

97


97
97
97


IV
97
94
97
97
97

97

97




97
97
97


V

30,97,99,
101
97

25,28,68,
97,98,99,
101,104
61,97,
101,106
97




97,98,104

97.99.10i,
103
28,61,97
97


REG
VI


114

87,97
114,U5


97

97,114


97
97


97

OS
VII












97





VIII


















IX


















X


















XI




42






106


42,106


106
XII




















-------
SPECIES
A. peT.toi.des Ross & Ricker
1964
A. perplexa Ross & Ricker
1971
A. palemiatis Ross & Sicker
1971
A. pygmaea (Burmelster)
1839
A. reata (Claassen) 1924


A. riakeri Prison 1942
A. sandersoni Ricker 1952
A. stamardi Ross 1964
A. tennessa Ross & Ricker
1964
A, umigkeri Ross &
Yamamoto 1966
A. wivginiana Prison 1942
A. vivipar*a (Claassen) 1924




A. wapveni Ross &
Yamamoto 1966
A. wrayi Ross 1964
I






97,98,99,
104
97,99,
104,113









113







II






97,98,99,
104
97,99,
103,104

97







97,98,
104






III






97,98,99,
104
97


97






97
97,98






97
IV


97

97

97,98

97


59,97

97
97

97

97
94,97,98






97
V






12,61,97,
98,99,101
25,28,97,
99,101,
103
25,61,97







25,28,30,
31,32,61,
97,98,99,
101,103,
104



REG:
VI

97









97
97






97,98




97


ON
VII












97






97,98
104






VIII



























IX




















-






X



























XI






42,83,
106
42,106


42,106







42,106







XII









t


















-------
SPECIES
A. zekia Ross 1964
A. sola Rlcker 1952
Bolsheoapnia rnilami
(Nebeker £, Gaufin) 1967
B. saaquatahi (Ricker) 1965
B. spenaeri (Rlcker) 1965
C. barberi Claassen 1924

C. califowf-ca Claassen
1924
C. aoloradensia Claasaen
1937
C, confusct Claassen 1936


C, aygrta Jewett 1954
C. deaepta (Banks) 1897
C. elevata Prison 1942
C, elongata Claassen 1924

C, erecta Jewett 1955
C. exaavata Claassen 1924

C, fibula Claassen 1924
C. glabra Claassen 1924

I
97,113





















II
97





















III
97
97





















IV
97





















V
97





















REG
VI








85













.ON
VII






















VIII

112
112
112



54,55,109,
112
64,102,
108,109,
111,112

104

111,112





111

IX




80,100,
104
100,104







100,102,
104
102
100,102
104
104
80,100,
102,104
X








102


102

102
102,111


23,102
122

102

XI









XII








110
















1
I
110


72,110





-------
SPECIES
C. graailapi-a Claassen 1924


C. jewetti Prison 1942
C, laeustra Jewett 1965
C. liei.no. Jewett 1954
C, ligulata Hanson 1943
C, Hrmta Prison 1944

C, lineata Hanson 1943
C. maaulata Jewett 1954
C. manitoba Claassen 1924

C. melia Prison 1942
C. nana, Claassen 1924


C. nearaHca Banks 1918
C. oregona Frison 1942
C. petila Jewett 1954
C. ppornota Frison 1937
C. quadntuberosa Hitchcock
1958
C. saobina Jewett 1966
I











113












II
























III
























IV
























_ v
	























REG
VI
85























ON
VII
























VIII
54,64,109,
111,112




111
54,55,109,
111,112





2,64,67,
102,111,
112


112




u
100



46




100,102
100









100,102 .
100

80
X
102

XI



102

102



102



23,102
23,67,102


104
102
102
102











42,104,
106











XII
72,104,
110











110
67,104


104







-------
•SPECIES
C. sextuberoulata Jewett
1954
C. tereaa Claassen 1924
C. tunrida Claassen 1924

C. uintahi Gaufin 1964
C, itwpqva Frison 1942
C. ubahensia Gaufin &
Jewett 1962
C. venoso. (Banks) 1900
C. vernalis Newport 1848
C, waniaa Prison 1944
C. aillametta Jewett 1955
C, sukB-li, Hanson 1943
Euaapnopsis bfevicaucla
Claassen 1924



Isoaapnia abbveviata
Prison 1942
I, agassizi Rlcker 1943
I. arinita (Needham &
Claassen) 1925

I

























11










103,104














III

























IV

























V










96,99,101














REG'
VI














85










ON
VII

























VIII

112



111

111



111


54,55,64,
98,102,
104,108,
109,111,
L12



J4.55.84,
104,108,
111,112
IX


100,104
100,102,
104

100,102







80,100,
102



100,102





X

102

102


102


102,104


102
102
102,122




102

102



XI

























XII














72,110






L10




-------














ro
LH











SPECIES
I. gvandis (Banks) 1907

J. hyalita Rlcker 1959
I. rrrlssouri-i Rlcker 1959

J. speneep-i, Rlcker 1943
J. vedderensis (Ricker)
1943

Mesoaapn-ia oenone (Neave)
1929
M. porreata (Jewett) 1954
M. progeata (Prison) .1937
Pavaaapnia angulata
Hanson 1961
P. opis (Newman) 1839
Vtaaapnia aolumb-iana
(Claassen) 1924
U. distinsta (Frison) 1937
U. lemoniana (Nebeker &
Gaufin) 1965
U. logana (Nebeker & Gaufin)
1965
U. poda (Hebeker & Gaufin)
1965

I















96,113










II















96










III















96










IV















96










V













61

96










REG'
VI


























ON
VII


























VIII
84,108,
111,112
112
84,108,
111,112


102,108,
111,112
102,112


111,112
109


108,112

112

109,111
54,55,64,
109,111
54,55,109
112

IX
100,102




100,102





100
102



100









X
102




102

111



102,122
102



72









XI




XII
72,104,
110

|









42,61

106










110

110

72,110

102
110



72,104,
110









-------
SPECIES
U. sierra (Nebeker &
Gaufin) 1965
U. trava (Nebeker £,
Gaufin) 1965
LEUCTRIDAE
Despaxia augusta (Banks)
1907
Leuotva biloba Claassen
1923
L, cayolinensis Claassen
1923
L. divisa Hitchcock 1958
L. dupliaata Claassen 1923
L. fevruginea (Walker) 1852
L, grandis Banks 1906
L. may-la Hanson 1941
L. eibleyi Claassen 1923
L. tenella Provancher 1876
L. tenuis (Pictet) 1841
L. triloba Claassen 1923


I







104,113
96,113



96,104
96,113



II







104
96,1-03,
104


103,104
96,104
96,104
104


III








96




96,104



IV




104
104


96
104

59

96
104


V








77,96


61
96
96


i
REGI
VI

















ON
VII

















VIII



112













IX
80
108,112

100,102


100



107






X



23,102,
122













XI




83


41,83,
107
39,41,74.
83


41,83,
107
41,74,83
107
39,41,74
83,107



XII



72,104,
110







1






-------
SPECIES
L. truncata Claassen 1923
L. vapiabilis Hanson 1941
Megaleuatra aomplioata
Claassen 1937
M. kinoaidi Prison 1942
M. stigmata (Banks) 1900
Moselia infusaata
(Claassen) 1923
Papaleuetpa foraipata
(Prison) 1937
P. jewetti. Nebeker &
Gaufin 1966
P. oaai.denta.l-ie (Banks)
1907


P. puraellana (Heave) 1934
P. pickern. Nebeker & Gaufin
1966
P. sara (Claassen) 1937

P. vershina Gaufin & Ricker
1974
Perlomyi-a eollaris Banks
1906
I

113























IT.
104
























III

























• iv



















90





V

























REG:
VI





















85



ON
VII

























VIII





112


108,112

66,112

64,66,98,
102,108,
109,111,
112
112
66,112

54,111,
112,122
108

112

IX






100,102,
104
100,102



80,100,
102,104





80,100
102


100,102

X


102

102

102,104
122
102,122

66

23,66,
102,104,
111,122

102
66

23,102,
122


102,122

XI
41,107


















83,107





XII





104
72,110





72,104,
110









72,104,
110

-------













NO
bo













SPECIES
P. utahensis Needham &
Claassen 1925
Zealeuatra arnoldi
Ricker & Ross 1969
Z. alaaeseni (Prison) 1929
Z. hitei Ricker & Ross 1969
Z. narfi Ricker & Ross 1969
PELTOPERLIDAE
Peltoperla arouata
Needham 1905
P. maria Needham & Smith
1916

Sierraperla cora (Needham &
Smith) 1916
Soliperla campanula
(Jewett) 1954
S. fenderi (Jewett) 1955
S. quadrispinula (Jewett)
1954
S. thyva (Needham & Smith)
1916
Yoraperla brevi3 (Banks)
1907

Y. mariana (Ricker)
1943
I




113





104,113
















II








24,103,
104
104
















III








104


















IV










19,24,90,
91,95,104















V




101,103

61




















REG]
VI


11A

114
114





















ON
VII




75


1



















VIII
2,64,104,
111,112




















100,112


112

IX













104




100,102

100,104

80,100,
102,104



X
102,122














102

102
100,102,
122


11,65,
100,102,
104,122
102

XI



























XII
72,110





















72,110


110


-------
SPECIES
PTERONARCYIDAE

AllonctPays biloba (Newman)
1838
A. aomstoki (Smith) 1917
A. ppoteus (Sewraan) 1838

A. seotti (Ricker) 1952
Pteronareella badia (Hagen)
1874






P. yegularls (Hagen) 1874

Pteronarays aalifornioa
Newport 1851









P. dorsata (Say) 1823

P. pia-betii Hagen 1873

I


103,104


44,104,
113
113





















96,104,
L13


II


103,104

104
103,104























96,104

96,104

III


89,103,
104
89
89,103























89,96,
104
96,104

IV


103,104




90
-




















L04

36,104

V





























5,6,68,77,
96,124
18,77,96,
101,104
KEG:
VI








85









102,103,
104









87



ON
VII





























96

96,104

VIII








4,20,26,
29,34,36,
54,55,71,
98,103,
104,108,
109,111,
112,117,
118
103,112

4,15,20,
22,29,30,
33,34,36,
37,54,55,
56,71,102
103,104,
108,109,
111,112,
116,117,
L18,119,
L21




IX








104







80,100,
102
100,102 .
103,104













X








104







102,104
122
20,102
104













XI





58



XII


!
)

























74











72,110















-------
SPECIES
P. prinaeps Banks 1907
PERLODIDAE
Aroynopteryx aompaota
(McLachlan) 1872
CalHperla luotuosa (Banks)
1906
Chernakrilus erratus
(Claassen) 1936
C. mianomus (Claassen) 1936
CuHua aeativalis (Needham
& Claassen) 1925
C. deaiaus (Walker) 1852
C. pilcctus (Prison) 1942
C. toatonus (Ricker) 1952
Diploperla dupl-Loata
(Banks) 1920
Diwa knoaltoni (Frison)
1937
Fpisonia piatioepa (Hanson)
1942
I


104,113




104,113





II


104




103


104


III










104


IV







104


L04


V







104


28,101


REGI
VI







59,60



85

ON
VII










75


VIII
111

112



26,34,35,
54,55,102,
103,104,
109,111,
112,117,
L18

L12
102,108,
L12

36,54,55,
102,108,
109,111,
L12

IX
100,102,
103,104


100,102,
104
100,104




100,102

79,80
79,80
X
102,104,
122


102,104,
122

102,104,
122


102
102

102
102
XI













XII
72,110





110

L10



L10

-------
SPECIES
Helop-ious sitbvarians
(Batiks) 1920
Hydroperla arosbyi
(Needham & Claassen)
1925
H. fugitans (Needham &
Claassen) 1925
Isogenoides aolubvinus
(Hagen) 1874


J. elongatus (Hagen) 1874



Z. frontalis (Newman) 1838

Z. olivaaeus (Walker) 1852
Z. varians (Walsh) 1862

Z. sionensis Hanson 1949
Isoperla bellona Banks 1911
Z. bilineata (Say) 1823


Z. bia-ksi Prison 1942
Z. olio (Newman) 1839


I


113



















113



113


II
104














96






103,104






III
104




























IV
86




















104
96


94
59,60,94,
104

V
REG
VI


101



101








3,5,6,56,
68,77,96
3
96,101,
104


3,28,77,
96,101,
104

3,28,77,
101,103,
104

114,115



104













85





115


ON
VII


75,104















104



75






VIII








102,108,
109,111,
112
54,55,71,
98,102,
104,109,
111,112





26,111








IX





























X
XI
41,83
.






102,104


102












































XII





I
























-------

SPECIES
I. aotta Ricker 1952
I. aoushatta Szczytko &
Stewart 1976
I. deaepta Prison 1935
I. denningi Jewett 1955
I. dioala Prison 1942

I. ebria (Hagen) 1874


I. frisoni lilies 1966
I. 'fulva Claassen 1937




I. fusa'a Needham & Claaasen
1925
I. gravitans (Needham &
Claassen) 1925
I. lata Prison 1942
I, longiseta Banks 1906


I. marlynia Needham &
Claassen 1925
I. marmor>ata (Needham &
Claassen) 1925


I






















96





II






















96,104





III






















96





IV





96












96









V
3,61,77


12,28,101

3,61,77,
96



3,77,96







3,96
96,104


3,96




REGION
VI
	
87





85



85







96







VII





96













96,104


75





VIII







1,98,102
L03.104,
111,112

26,36,37,
54,55,71,
102,108,
109,111,
112
L12


96,102,
109,111,
112






IX




100


100,102



100,102












80,100,
102,104,
79

X







102,104,
122


102




102
102,104






102,122



XI
40,41




41




40,41,83






XII







110
i
1
1
72,110




(104












110








-------
SPECIES
J. maxana Harden & Mickel
1952
I, mohfi Prison 1935
I. montana (Banks) 1898
J. mormona Banks 1920


I. nana (Walsh) 1862

I. orata Prison 1942
I. patricia Prison 1942



I. petersoni Needham &
Christenson 1927
I. pkalerata (Smith) 1917
I. pinta Prison 1937

I", quinquepunctata (Banks)
1902

I. rainiera Jewett 1954
J. riahafdsoni Prison 1935
I. sagittata Szczytko &
Stewart 1976
I. signata (Banks) 1902


I



96,104



113

96













96,113


96,113


II



96,104





96
















96,103,
104

III









96



















IV







94

96



















V
96

101
96,104



3,28,101,
104
28,96













3,96,101


3,28,77,
96

REG:
VI


87













104


103,104





114



OK
VII


75




















75





VIII




30,54,55,
102,104,
111,112



54,55,92,
102,108,
109,111,
112
38,103,
111,112

54,55,109
111,112
38,103,
104,109,
111







IX




100,102





100






100,102

103,104









X




102,122





102






102,111




102






XI



83





41



















XII




110









110


72,110












-------


SPECIES
I. Bimilis (Hagen) 1861
I. slossonae (Banks) 1911
I. sordida Banks 1906
I. transmapina Newman 1838

I. tvictura (Hoppe) 1938
Kogotus alameda. (Needham &
Claassen) 1925

K. modestus (Banks) 1908



K. nonus (Needham &
Claassen) 1925
Malivekus hastatus (Banks)
1920
Megarays ir-regularis (Banksl
1900
M. signaba (Hagen) 1874



M. aubtrunaata Hanson 1942
M. watertoni (Rlcker) 1952
M. yosemite (Needham &
Claassen) 1925
Oroperla barbara Needham
1933


I
104
96,104

113











103















11
103,104
96

96











103,104















III
104






























IV































V

3,77,96

3,28,77,
96

























REGION
VI









102,104









85,102









VII.































VIII


112


112



1,54,55,
98,102,
104,108,
111,112
;i2





L, 4, 10, 54,
1,98,102,
103,109,
111,112
L0.112
L02 , 112






IX


100,102


100,102
100,104


104



80,100,
102










100,102,
L04
79,100

X j XI


102,122


102,122







102,104,
122


102,104

102



102,104

102






40,41,83,
104



XII





110

1
!











72,110



(LID












12



'2,110
L02





-------
.
SPECIES
Osobenus yakimae (Hoppe)
1938
P&plinodes aureus (Smith)
1917
Pictetiella egpansa (Banks)
1920

Semenus bilobatus (Needham
& Claassen) 1925
Hickepa sorpta (Needham &
Claassen) 1925
Setvena bradleyi (Smith)
1917
S. tibialis (Banks) 1914

Skuala ourvata (Hanson) 194;

S. pavaUela (Prison) 1936




Yitgus bulbosus (Prison)
1942
PERLIDAE
Acrone uria abnormis
(Newman) 1838
A. arenosa (Pictet) 1841


I

























96,113

104

II








103,104
















96,103,
104
103,104

I
III

























89,96,
103,104
103,104


IV






















95


36,90,96,
L04
L04.86

V

























96,101

87,114

1
REGION
VI VII
	







104



















































VIII


36,112
IX
100

80,100,
102,104
98,103,
104,111,
112




102,112



10,102,
L12
10,26,29,
36,54,55,
71,102,
L04.1Q8,
HI, 112













79,100,
102,104




79,80,100

100,102












X
XI
j

102






102

102

102,103,
104
102

102







41,83












XII
i

79






















41,83





104



L10

72,110



'









-------
SPECIES
A. avida (Hagen) 1861

A . aapo linensis ( Banks )
1905
A. evoluta Klapalek 1909
A. internata (Walker) 1852

A. lyeov-uts (Newman) 1839

A. mela Prison 1942
A. perplexa Prison 1937
Atoperla ephyre (Newman)
1839
Attaneupia ruralis (Hagen)
1861
Beloneuria. georgiana (Banks)
1914
Calineuvia oaliforYiica
(Banks) 1905


.
1900



Doronewia, theodora
(Needham & Claaasen)
1922
z





96

104,113



104,113

113















II
104




96

103,104



96,104

104















III
104

89

89
89,96,
104
14,16,
89,104

89
96,104

96,104















IV V
94,95,
104
104


96





96,104

96,104

104













101,104



28,104
96,101,
104
5,6,61,
68,77,104


96,101,
103
96,101,
104














REG:
VI
104



104




114,115

96,104









85,102







ON
VII
75



104


104





96,103,
104














VIII













104



112



4,26,54,
55,71,102,
104,108,
109,111,
112,116
102,103,
111,112

IX

















43,78,80,
81,82,
100,102,
103





100,102,
104

X

















11,102,
103,122


102,104




102,104,
122

XI







XII







41,83 1
1




























72












-------
SPECIES
Eaeoptupa xanth&nes
(Newman) 1828
SesparoperZa paeifiea
(Banks) 1900






Neoperla atymene .(Newman)
1839
Paragnetina. fumosa (Banks)
1902
P. irmarginata (Say) 1823

P. kansensis (Banks) 1905
P. media (Walker) 1852



Perlesta frisoni Banks 1948
P. plaoida (Hagen) 1861



Pevline'lla dpymo (Newman)
1839
Phasganophora eapitata
(Pictet) 1841

1
I










96,104,
113


103,104,
113

36,113




>6,104,
L13


)6,104

)6,104,
.13

II
104









96,103,
104


103,104


96,103,
104



96,104



36,103,
104
96,103,
104
1
III
89









89,96,104



89,104,


73,89,103



89
89,96,
103,104


89

15,89,96,
103,104

IV
104









94,96,
104


104


73




V










96,101,
104





28,61,68,
73,77,96,
101,104,
123

94,96, 117,28,31,
104 32,77,96,
1101,103,

96,104

19,24,96
104
30,96,101,
103,104
28,77,96,
104 J101.104


REGION
VI VII


103,104







81,96,104,
114,115
114

87







87,96,104,
114,115


114,115






116







75,96,104





104
73




75,96,104





75,104


VIII


1,4,15,
29,33,36,
37,54,55,
57,71,98,
102,103,
104,108,
109,111,
112,120





















IX


102,104




























X


11,81,
102,104,
122


























XI














41
XII


110 ]














40,41,47,
48,73









40,50


















-------
SPECIES
CHLOROPERLIDAE
Allopevla chandleri
Jewett 1954
A, aoncolor Ricker 1935
A. delicata Prison 1935
A. fraterna Prison 1935
A. idei (Ricker) 1935
A. imbeailla, (Say) 1823
A. leonavda Ricker 1952
A. medveda Ricker 1952
-4. Be?Tata Needhara &
Claassen 1925
A. severa (Hagen) 1861


Hastaperla brevis (Banks)
1895
H. chilnualna Ricker 1952


H. orpha (Prison) 1937
Kathroperla pevdita Batiks
1920
Neaviperla foraipata
(Neave) 1929
Paraperla fpontalis (Banks)
1902



I







96







96,104,
113













II







96







96,103,
104













III















96,104














IV







96







96,104














V







96
96






28,77,96,
101,104



96








i
REG]
VI















96









102,104




i
ON
VII






























VIII




112




102,112
112

102,108,
109,111,
112






112

112

54,55,84,
38,102,
103,104,
108,109,
111,112
IX

100


80,100
100,102











80,100,
102


100,102,
J.04


100,102,
104



X




102,112
102,122



102
23,102

102




102,122



11,102,
122
102

102,111




XI



41


41
41,83






















|
XII




110
72,110




72,104,
110
72,110








72,110

72,110

S3, 72, 109





-------
to
SPECIES .
— — ~~ : ' ~~
P. tfilsoni Ricker 1965
SiMallia autwma (Hoppe)
1938
S. Hneosa (Banks) 1918

S. mavginata (Banks) 1897
S. pallidula (Banks) 1904




Sueltsa albertensis
(Needham & Claassen)
1925
S. borealis (Banks) 1895




S. aolovad&nsis (Banks)
189.8


S. oontinua (Banks) 1911
S. exquisita (Prison) 1935
S. fidelis (Banks) 1920

S. lamba (Needhara &
Claassen) 1925


I





104

























II





104

























III































IV































V





104

























REG:
VI






102,104
























ON
VII































VIII
112
112

102,104,
109,112

30,54,55,
98,102,
103,104,
108,109,
111,112
102,112


2,30,54,
55,98,
102,103,
104,109,
111,122
54,55,102,
103,104,
108,109,
111,112

112
102,104,
111,112
72,102,
103,104,
L09,lll,
L12
IX






80,100,
102,104






100,102,
104



100,102



100

72,102,
104




X

102

102


23,102,
104



102


23,102,
104,122



102,122




23,102
102,111,
122
102



XI





41,74 •

























XII

110




72,110




104


72,110




110




72,110
72,110






-------
SPECIES
S. latevalie (Banks) 1911
S, mediana (Banks) 1911
S. nanina (Banks) 1911
S. oaaidens (Prison) 1937
S. onkos (Ricker) 1935
S. oregoneneis (Prison)
1935
S. pacifica (Banks) 1895
S. pilosa (Needham &
Claassen) 1925
S. revelstoka (Jewett) 1955
S. tamalpa (Ricker) 1952
S. townesi (Ricker) 1952
Triznaka diversa (Prison)
1935

T. pintada (Ricker) 1952


T. signata (Banks) 1895



Utaperla sopladora Ricker
1952
T
104
104



















ir
104
103,104
104


















III





















IV
104
19,104
104


















V

28



















REGI
VI











85

102


85




ON
VII





















VIII



102,112


102,112
98,104
112


102,108,
109,111,
112
30,54,55,
L02.109,
111,112
30,54,55,
38,104,
108,109,
111,112
30,102,
L11.112
IX






100,102,
103,104


100
80,100
100,102

100,102







Y



102

23,102
102,104

102


102

102


104



102
XI

83


40,41,74
















XII


1
72,110

72,110
72,110

72,110


72,110










-------
                                   SECTION  5


            SELECTED REFERENCES FOR STONEFLY ECOLOGICAL PROFILES
 1.  Allan, J. D.  1975.  The distributional ecology and diversity of benthic
     insects in Cement Creek, Colorado.  Ecology 56:1040-1053.

 2.  Baumann, R. W.  1967.  A study of the stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the
     Wasatch Front, Utah.  M.S. Thesis, Dept. Zool., Ent., Univ. Utah 111 pp.

 3.  Hilsenhoff, W. L. and S. J. Billmyer.  1973.  Perlodidae (Plecoptera)
     of Wisconsin.  Great Lakes Ent. 6:1-14.

 4.  Branham, J. M., A. R. Gaufin and R. L. Traver.  1975.  Growth of
     Plecoptera (stonefly) nymphs at constant, abnormally high temperatures.
     Great Basin Natur. 35:51-61.

 5.  Bell, H. L. and A. V. Nebeker.  1969.  Preliminary studies on the
     tolerance of aquatic insects to low pH.  J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 42:230-236.

 6.  Bell, H. L.  1971.  Effect of low pH on the survival and emergence of
     aquatic insects.  Water Res. 5:313-319.

 7.  Brungs, W. A.  1973.  Effects of residual chlorine on aquatic life.  J.
     Water Poll. Contr. Fed. 45:2180-2193.

 8.  Gather, M. R. and A. R. Gaufin.  1975.  Comparative ecology of three
     Zapada species of Mill Creek, Wasatch Mountains, Utah (Plecoptera:
     Nemouridae).  Amer. Midi. Natur. 95:464-471.

 9.  Cairns, J., Jr. and K. L. Dickson.* 1972.  An ecosystematic study of the
     South River, Virginia.  Va. Polytechnic Inst. and St. Univ., Water
     Resources Res. Center Bull. 54.

10.  Gather, M. R. and A. R. Gaufin.  1975.  Life history and ecology of
     Megarcys signata (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Mill Creek, Wasatch
     Mountains, Utah.  Great Basin Natur. 35:39-48.

11.  Chapman, D. W. and R. L. Demory.  1963.  Seasonal changes in the food
     ingested by aquatic insect larvae and nymphs in two Oregon streams.
     Ecology 44:140-146.

12.  Clifford, H. F.  1966.  The ecology of invertebrates in an intermittent
     stream.  Invest. Ind. Lakes, Str. 7:57-98.
                                     41

-------
13.  Clifford, H. F.  1969.  Limnological features of a northern brown-water
     stream, with special reference to the life histories of the aquatic
     insects.  Amer. Midi. Natur. 82:578-597.

14.  Coffman, W. P., K. W. Cummins and J. C.  Wuycheck.  1971.  Energy flow
     in a woodland stream ecosystem.  I. Tissue support structure of the
     autumnal community.  Arch. Hydrobiol. 68:232-276.

15.  Cummins, K. W.   1973.  Trophic relations of aquatic insects.  Ann. Rev.
     Ent. 13:183-206.

16.  Cummins, K. W., W. P. Coffman and P. A.  Roff.  1966.  Trophic relation-
     ships in a small woodland stream.  Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 16:627-638.

17.  Cummins, K. W.  and G. H. Lauff.  1969.  The influence of substrate
     particle size on the microdistribution of stream macrobenthos.  Hydro-
     biol. 34:145-181.

18.  Cummins, K. W., R. C. Petersen, F. 0. Howard, J. C. Wuycheck and V. I.
     Holt.  1973.  The utilization of leaf litter by stream detritavores.
     Ecology 54:336-345.

19.  Cushman, R. M., J. W. Elwood and S. G. Hildebrand.  1975.  Production
     dynamics of Alloperla mediana Banks (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) and
     D-Lplectrona modesta Banks (Trichoptera:  Hydropsychidae) in Walker Branch,
     Tennessee.  Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. Environ. Sci. Div. Publ. No. 785, 64 pp.

20.  Elder, J. A. and A. R. Gaufin.  1973.  Notes on the occurrence and dis-
     tribution of Pt&ponarcys califomi-ea Newport (Plecoptera) within
     streams.  Great Basin Natur. 33:218-220.

21.  Eastern Illinois Univ. Div. Life Sci.  1971.  Biological survey of
     streams of Coles County, Illinois.  U.S.E.P.A. Water Poll. Contr. Res.
     Ser.  147 pp.

22.  Elder, J. A. and A. R. Gaufin.  1974.  The toxicity of three mercurials
     to Pteponapoys caHfozmi-ca Newport, and some possible physiological
     effects which influence the toxicities.   Environ. Res. 7:169-175.

23.  Ellis, R. J.  1975.  Seasonal abundance and distribution of adult stone-
     flies of Sashin Creek, Baranof Island, Southeastern Alaska.  Pan-Pac.
     Ent. 51:23-30.

24.  Elwood, J. W. and R. M. Cushman.  1975.   The life history and ecology
     of Peltoperla, rnop-ia (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae) in a small spring-fed
     stream.  Verh.  Internat. Verein. Limnol. 19:3050-3056.

25.  Finni, G. R.  1973.  Biology of winter stoneflies in a central Indiana
     stream (Plecoptera).  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 66:1243-1248.

26.  Fuller, R. L. and K. W. Stewart.  1977.   The food habits of stoneflies
     (Plecoptera) in the Upper Gunnison River, Colorado.  Environ. Ent.

                                     42

-------
     6:293-302.

27.  Gammon, J.  R.  1970.  The effect of inorganic sediment on stream biota.
     U.S.E.P.A.  Water Poll. Contr. Res.  Ser.   141 pp.

28.  Gaufin, A.  R.  1958.  The effects of pollution on a midwestern stream.
     Ohio J. Sci. 58:197-208.

29.  Gaufin, A.  R.  1959.  Production of bottom fauna in the Provo River,
     Utah.  Iowa St. Coll. J.  Sci. 33:395-419.

30.  Gaufin, A.  R.  1962.  Environmental requirements of Plecoptera.  In:
     Environmental Requirements of Aquatic Insects, Biological Problems in
     Water Pollution,  p. 105-110.

31.  Gaufin, A.  R.  1973.  Use of aquatic invertebrates in the assessment of
     water quality.  Biol. Meth. for the Assess. Water Qual., ASTM STP528,
     Amer. Soc.  Testing and Mater,  pp.  96-116.

32.  Gaufin, A.  R. and C. M. Tarzwell.  1956.  Aquatic macro-invertebrate
     communities as indicators of organic pollution in Lytle Creek.  Sewage
     and Industr. Wastes 28:908-924.

33.  Gaufin, A.  R., L. D. Jensen, A. V.  Nebeker, T. Nelson and R. W. Teel.
     1965.  Ttje toxicity of ten organic insecticides to various aquatic
     invertebrates.  Water and Sewage Works  July 1965.

34.  Gaufin, A.  R. and S. Hern.  1971.  Laboratory studies on tolerance of
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35.  Gaufin, A.  R., J. Stanford, R. Clubb and E. Nisonger.  1972.  Dynamics
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37.  Gaufin, R.  F. and A. R. Gaufin.  1961.  The effect of low oxygen concen-
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38.  Hales, D. C. and A. R. Gaufin.  1971.  Observations on the emergence of
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39,  Harper, P.  P.  1973.  Life histories of Nemouridae and Leuctridae in
     Southern Ontario (Plecoptera).  Hydrobiol. 41:309-356.

40.  Harper, P.  P.  1973.  Emergence, reproduction and growth of setipalpian
     Plecoptera in Southern Ontario.  Oikos 24:94-107.

41.  Harper, P.  P. and J-G. Pilon.  1970.  Annual patterns of emergence of
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                                     43

-------
42.  Harper, P.P. and H.  B.  N.  Hynes.   1972.   Life-histories of Capniidae
     and Taeniopterygidae (Plecoptera)  in Southern Ontario.  Arch. Hydrobiol.
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43.  Heiman, D. R. and A.  W.  Knight.  1975.  The influence of temperature on
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44.  Holdsworth, R. P., Jr.   1941.  The life history and growth of
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53.  Knight, A. W. and A.  R.  Gaufin.  1965.  Function of stonefly gills under
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54.  Knight, A. W. and A.  R.  Gaufin.  1966.  Altitudinal distribution of
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55.  Knight, A. W. and A.  R.  Gaufin.  1967.  Stream type selection and
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                                     44

-------
56.  Leonard, J. W.  1941.  Some observations on the winter feeding habits
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59.  Minshall, G. W.  1968.  Community dynamics of the benthic fauna in a
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66.  Nebeker, A. V. and A. R. Gaufin.  1966.  New Paraleuetra from the Rocky
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                                     45

-------
71.  Richardson, J. W. and A. R. Gaufin.  1971.  Food habits of some western
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72.  Ricker, W. E.  1939.  A preliminary list of stoneflies (Plecoptera) from
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80.  Sheldon, A. L. and S. G. Jewett, Jr.  1967.  Stonefly emergence in a
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82.  Siegfried, C. A. and A. W. Knight.  1976.  Prey selection by a setipal-
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85.  Stark, B. P., T. A. Wolff and A. R. Gaufin.  1975.  New records of
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                                     46

-------
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 90.   Tebo, L.  B., Jr. and H. W. Hassler.  1961.  Seasonal abundance of
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 91.   Wallace,  J. B.,  W.  R.  Woodall and F. F. Sherberger.  1970.  Breakdown
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 92.   Ward, J.  V.  1974.   A temperature-stressed stream ecosystem below a
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 93.   Warnick,  S. L.  and H.  L. Bell.  1969.   The acute toxicity of some heavy
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 94.   White, D. S.  1974.  The distribution of stoneflies (Insecta: Plecop-
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 95.   Woodall,  W. R.,  Jr. and J. B.  Wallace.  1972.  The benthic fauna in
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101.   Frison,  T.  H.  1935.  The stoneflies,  or Plecoptera, of Illinois.
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102.   Jewett,  S.  G.,  Jr.   1959.  The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Pacific

                                     47

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107.  Harper, P. P. and H. B. N. Hynes.  1971.  The Leuctridae of Eastern
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115.  Stewart, K. W., R. W. Baumann and B. P. Stark.   1974.   The distribution
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117.  Gaufin, A. R.  1971.  Water quality requirements of  aquatic insects.

                                     48

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      U.S.  Dept.  Interior Fed.  Water Poll. Contr. Admin.  Natl. Water Qual.
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118.   Gaufin, A.  R.  1973.  Water quality requirements of aquatic insects.
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119.   Jensen, L.  D. and A. R. Gaufin.  1964.  Long-term effects of organic
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120.   Yearsley, G.  L.  1971.  Tolerance limits of aquatic insects to sulfuric
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      91 pp.

121.   Jensen, L.  D. and A. R. Gaufin.  1964.  Effects of ten organic insecti-
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122.   Kerst, C. D.  and N. H. Anderson.  1975.  The Plecoptera community of a
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123.   Heiman, D.  R. and A. W. Knight.  1972.  Upper-lethal-temperature rela-
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      39:479-493.

124.   Nebeker, A. V.  1971.  Effect of water temperature on nymphal feeding
      rate, emergence, and adult longevity of the stonefly Ptex>ona?eys
      dorsata.  J.  Kans. Ent. Soc. 44:21-26.

125.   Vaught, G.  L. and K. W. Stewart.  1974.  The life history and ecology
      of the stonefly Neoperta olymene (Newman)  (Plecoptera:Perlidae).  Ann.
      Ent.  Soc. Amer. 67:167-178.
                                     49

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         SECTION 6






   ECOLOGICAL PROFILES




           FOR




NORTH AMERICAN PLECOPTERA
           50

-------
     Parameters
                                   i-a abnorrrrls  (Newman)

                                  References
                                                                          Notes

X
ex.
Nutri-
ent
i
c
Q 01
CO U
H -H
O
tN
O
Tempera- .
ture
Turbid-
ity
Current
General
Habitat
^Specific
Habitat
i 11
u u
0) C
E V
W 00
Feeding

Acldobiontic
AcidopMlous
Neutral
Alkajiphilous
Alkalifaiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Soprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligotheraal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythennal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Linmobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
• Ej>isabulic
Epilithic
Epixy]ous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
ftnnivore
Scavenger
iH
•a-


















X
X


X1











m










x






CO
CO

X












X
X


X












X














X





VO
CO


X











X




X

X









X



X.





3i







X

X
CT>
co












X

X





































o
CT>


X















X
















X
















-o
a\



































X









*
X





rH
O
H


































X










X
X

X



to
O
H































X



X





X



X
X

X



-3-
o
H












































X
X




PI
rH
















































X













































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-


















(83). 1281-1400' el



(86)
123-164 umhos conductivity
26.7-33.7 ppm CaCo3 alkalinity
2.7-4.5 ppm free C02
68-86 ppm t. hardness
0.8-1.8 ppm nitrate
(90)   8.0 ppm m.o.  alkalinity
        0 ppm p.  alkalinity
      3.5 ppm C02
(102,103,104)   A.  depressa is a synonym
                                         51

-------
            Parameters
Acr-oneuria arsnosa  (Pictet)




         References
                                                                                  Notes




X



•H
t-i 4J
4J C
•z.
\
C
co w
oo u
ij T(
o

fs



ra
L. m
u> 1-1
e *j
H
,
TJ
•H >,
.a u
Xi 'H
a
FJ

jj
C
HI
Li
v>
3
O

^H JJ
n n
U JJ
01 -^
C _3
u ra



u
•^ u
lM Q
•H JJ
O -H
m .n
a. «


1 U
VJ U
u c
E m
U 00
00
c
i-4
-a
0)
u
tb

Ac iMoMontic
AcidopMlous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Olifiotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthennal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
EulichCophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Linmobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheonhilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivt;re
Scavenger
r~
co


































X
X
















f)
o
1-1































X



X





X



X
X

X



>
D u
w -H
tfl U

3 3
n o
       (104)  A. trijuncta and A. pennsylvanica  are synonyms.
                                                52

-------
            I'vimmetcrs
      ida (Hagen)



References
                                                                                 Notes

ac
o.
i
•^
^ jj
U C
3 
-------
Other Water Chemistry,
Toxicity, Misc.
i
•













Feeding
:/i
11
D
3
•)

























Omni vert








Herbivore









































Predator


























Emer-
gence
Autumn

























Summer

X























t/1
n
3
N

W























Winter


























Specific
Habitat
w
}
3_

























Epixylous

























Epilithic

























Episabulic

























I
•d
0
i








Embenthic









































Epibenthic


























General
Habitat
c
rt
3"
s

























Stream

























River

























T?
Q
2.

























r-
5)
(D

























-
Current
Rheobiontic

























Rheoohilous

























Indifferent

























Limnophilous

























Limnobiontic


























lurbid-
ity
01 igolichtophilous

























Polylichtophilous

























Mesolichtophilous
























Eulichtophilous


























Tempera-
ture
Eurythermal

























Metathermal

























Stenothermal

























O
-•
0
3-
tn
D

























Mesothermal

























Euthennal


























°2
o
o
o
X
•d
3
Jl

























' Mesoxyphilous

























Euoxyphilous
X

























Organ-
ics
C/)
D
•o
o
•a
3
H-
n

























Saproxenous
X
























Facultative


























-------
           Parameters
  evoluta Klapalek



References
                                                                             Notes




X



•rt
4J C
2

C
10 W
M U
O

ts



ra
Vi V
01 >J
a, 3
e •"
s-

3 *
.0 *->
ti -H
t-

iJ
Q>
tJ
k.
3
U

-H 4J
Iw 4-1
0) -H
C ^
oj ro
o E


u
•H U
IM (0
•H 4J
U -H
01 A
o. as
W X


1 11
tJ U
HI c
W 00
60
B
•H
•o
W
(I)
b.

Acidohiontlc
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
OliRotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saprogenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
01 i go thermal
Steno thermal
Metatherrnal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
EpixyJous
Epipliytic
Winter
Sprinfi
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Onmivcrc
Scavenger
fX
CS



X









X
X



X


X













X
















CT
CC












X

X





































••3
C














































X







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































._
.c E
ss


M O

J3
4J

O

-------
            JVirnmeters
-intemata (Walker)


References
                                                                                     Notes




se


,
-H
4J C
z
,
C
a) to
00 U
O

ft


,
(0
U IJ
e *j
H

t3
J3 iJ
t. -^
t--

JJ
(U
U
1-
u

^1 4J
Vj U
C ^>
0) rt



u
-H JJ
u-i to
-^( 4J
U -r<
01 -O
o. n
10 a:


1 0>
0> C
U M
oo
•rl
-o
U
V
Cu

AcJdoMontic
Acldopliilous
Neutral
AlkaliphiJous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
OliRotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eury thermal
Eulichtopfiilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilpus
Indifferent
Rheouhilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embetithic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epipliytic
Winter
Sprins
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Ctainivcrc
Scavenger
^
03












X

X





































-JD
Ol






























X
X


X
X









X
x





C
.H














































X

X



-*
O
— 1














































X



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































01 u
4J -H
.« U
•3. -H
                                                   56

-------
P.-irametcrs
  lyeoyias  (Newman)




References
                                                                      Votes




w



-4
" C
E
,
C
co u
I-. -H
o

ts



tO
i-i o)
01 >J
e "
H
,
•o
.0 U
l-i -^


J-J
0)
VJ
ij
O

.-* JJ
VJ JJ
H
0 „
n ^
0) JJ
3 w
u o

-------
I'.-ir.imetcrs
Acroneuria mela Prison





       References
                                                                      Notes

a
P.
Nutri-
ent
i
c
13 en
00 U
Id -H
O
CM
O
Tempera-
ture
furbid-
ity
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
Feeding
Acidobiontic
AcidopMlous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Hesothermal
Olagothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
lierbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
-*













































X
X





3


















X





X










Y
X

































































































































































































































































































































-



















































-





































































































































































































































































-



























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(115) intermittent str



                                     58

-------
                                               Prison
I'.-iramctcrs
References
                                                                      Notes




w



Tt
*J C
2

e
« o
o

CM


,
fl
vj 
-------
            J'.-irametcrs
Alloeapnia aurora Ricker



       References
                                                                                  Notes




X



•H
" C
K
,
C
tq w
00 U
H -rt
o

01


,
(0
VJ Q)
U t^
e u
01
t-
,
•o
•^ X
J3 4-1
V. i-l
a

j-i
c
01
M
Vi
3


rH U
B n
VJ 4-1
11 T*
C ^3
QJ TO



u
•H U
IM n
-i-l U
U -H
W ^3
a. ra
w ?:


M U
U C
e u
W 00
oo
-*
•a

-------
J'.-irametcrs
Allocapnia brooksi Ross




         References
                                                                      Notes




•x.


1
•rt
H J->
u C
H
j
e
« w
M U
^ -H
O

CM


1
n
l-i 01
HI ^
e w
u
H
,
TD
Jl U
lJ -M
3

u
C
QJ
VJ
14
3
U

-H 4J
m n
ij ij
0) -H
01 «



CJ
•H U
uj (5
•H U
O -H
0) JQ
D- CO
W X


kJ U
01 c
E 11
W 00
6C
C
T-(
T3
0)
0)
Cb

Acldohiontic
Acidoptiilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
OliKoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetathermal
Eury thermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polyl icht ophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixy)ous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Ctmnivcrc
Scavenger
r^
CTi























X







X



X








X




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                     61

-------
1'nr.imetors
atmninghami Ross & Ricker



 References
                                                                      Notes




ffi



•H
u C
E
,
C
OB V
O

c»l



«




















.1-















X








X
X



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                     62

-------
I'.-ir.imetcrs
Allocapn-ia aupiosa Frison




          References
                                                                       Notes




ffi



M
n JJ
*-" C
K
1
C
n w
CO U
U -r4
o

r-l



W
lj H)
0) VJ
e "
t-
i
•a
•H >,
J3 U
U -i-t
t-

JJ
<1J
SJ
tw
3
CJ

--* u
n n)
Ll 4-1
at -H
d A
a) re
U X


u
•H *J
u-t ta
~t t>
O -H
u ja
a. TO


1 0)
W 0
11 c
e m
W 00
CO
C
•H
•a
«
01
Cb

AcldoMontlc
AcidopMlous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic' •
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolicht ophilous
Polylicht ophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epl bent hie
Erabetithic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixy] ous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Oranivcre
Scavenger
r-n
01



















X











pc



X








X
Y



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                      63

-------
parameters
Allocopnia forbesi Prison




        References
                                                                     Notes




s:



•H
u C

1
c
ID rt
oo u
U -rl
O

fl



O
VJ 0)
01 M
e •"
t-
,
•a
.a -u
Ll -H
3

u
C

-------
I'.'irameters
Alloaapnia frisoni Ross & Ricker




             References
                                                                      Notes




«



M


-------
]Vir-i
CL 3
E "
QJ
t-

•o
— *
^o
LJ







-H
trl n
J U
(U C
B a;
Jij OC

C
T-t
T3
0)
V
Cu

Acidohiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
OliRotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
SapropJiobic
EuoxypMlous
Mesoxyphilous
OliRoxyphilous
Euthermal
Hesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathennal
Eurytbermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 Sgolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoahilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
EpilithJc
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Omnivorc
Scavenger
r-
CT>































X


X
X








X




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                      66

-------
    Parameters
Allocapn-ia granulata (Claassen)

           References
                                                                         Notes




EC



•H
*J K
2:

B
00 U
o

CM



(8
u a)
0) J-i
e 4->
01
t-
,
-o
J3 4J
lj •-<
3

JJ
-i
lJ
O

,H u
VJ U

o\


































X
X







X
X




X


r-(
o


































X
X








X
X






CO
o












































X
X



X

X
~T
O












































X
X






>o
o
























X



























en
t-H






























X


















X

X
•tf
rH


































X
X
X







X







m
TH























X











X




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































q.
m
























(99) leaf packs




(99,113) diatoms



(68)  40 ppra t.  alkalinity
     35-40 ppm CaC03 t.  hardness
                                         67

-------
     I'urnmetcrs
Allocapn-ia. illinoensis Prison




           References
                                                                           Notes




EC



•H
u C
•z.
1
C
(0 M
60 O
o

rvj



n
i~i a
03 |J
G. 3
E "
s-

•D
•^ >»
J3 4J
Vj -H
3

iJ

-------
I'.-ir.imeters
Alloaapnia indianae Ricker




          References
                                                                      Notes




ffi



•H
U iJ
^ c
•z.
\
C
ffl D)
00 CJ
^ ft
o

Psl



«
Ij 01
0) ^J
e u
(D
f-
,
•a
^1 U
X4 'M
3

u
01
^
ij
O

(H iJ
n m
VJ U
0) -H
c ,a
V a]
O ffi


u
•H *J
«-i n)
-H U
U -rt
U J3
a. ra
W EC


u u
o> c
E m
w ao

c
•H
T3
U
«1
Cb

Acidohiontic
Acidophilous
Ne»tral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Sapropbobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Olif-oxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothemial
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metacherraal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embeuthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Suimner
Autumn
Predator
lierMvore
Oranivcrc
Scavenger
r^
&























X







X



X
















CO
M
i-i




















X














X
























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































C113) sorine str















                                     69

-------
Parameters
Allocapnia jsanae Ross




         References
                                                                    Notes




X


,
•H
-" C
z
I
c
00 tt
U T-C
o

CM


,
ffl
>-> OJ
0) VJ
O. 3
E •"
0)
t-
)
3 *
XI iJ
1J -H



QJ
*-
k.
3
u

rH U
Ij U
ai -H
C A
QJ ta
o x


o
•rt i-i
u-i n)
•H 4J
O -H
W J3
o. n


i a>
w t>
u c
E 4J
U M1
oo
C
i-l
•a
t>
V
Iw

Acidoblontlc
Acidopliilous
Neticral
Alkaliphijous
AlfcalibionCic
Indifferent
Eu Crop Hie
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthennal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Euryttiermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
EpibenChic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
EpiliChic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Sprinc
Summer
Au t umn
Fredacor
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
r--
o>



















X











X



?r








X




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                    70

-------
I'.-irametcrs
Alloaapnia loshada Ricker




        References
                                                                      Notes




X



•H
H u
JJ C
2
,
C
to 01
M U
o

t^J



ra
01 I-
E •"
H
,
"O
.0 AJ
»-l -rH


4->
0)
M
V-
o

.-< 4J
« ta
IJ U
41 -H
C .2
0) (0
0 ffi


u
•H 4J
*H «
•H iJ
O -H

-------
            IVir.iraeCcrs
All-ooapn-la rmlverna Ross



         References
                                                                                     Jfotes




:s


,
-H
J_, JJ
*J C
z
1
C
CD in
oo u
Ul -H
o

CM


1
n
ij at

1
-a
--i
vi
f->






^S
01
v n



u
T-< *J
n-l U
H JD
W K


1 a>
H 0
g 01
ia oo
eo
T-l
•o
4)
0)
th

Acidohiontic
Acidoplillous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saprogenous
Saprophobic
EuoxypliilouS
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Scream
Other
Epibenthic
Erabenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Aut u/nn
Predator
Ji'erbivore
CVinivcre
Scavenger
r*
a












































X







<












































X
X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































S <0
13} -H
j= a
                                                  72

-------
1'nrametcrs
Allocapni-a mccria Hanson




         References
                                                                      Notes




ffi



1-t
1-1 J->
" C
3 0


C
ra tfl
cm u
1J -H
O

CM


1
ra
tj a)
4) |j
(X 3
e •"
t-
,
•o
-^ >,
^1 JJ
>J -^
n
t-

jj
c
m
M
V4
D
U

.H 4J
ra ra
1-1 u
m -H




















X



X











X








X
X

















































































































































~

































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                     73

-------
      p.-irametcrs
Alloaapnia minima  (Newport)




          References
                                                                             Notes




a:


,
•H
IJ 4J
4-1 C
z

C
co in
00 O
O

CM


,
ffl
>-> Q)
01 U
e 4-1
H
,
T3
•H >,
J3 tl
1-. -H
M

1-1
Q)
k/
Ll
u

—C 4-1
itf rt
V4 4-1
0) -H
C .2
(J X


u
-H AJ
u-i (0
~-4 U
U -H
ra £i
D. re


1 01
M U
01 C
HJ oo
oo
C
--(
•a

-------
I'lirametcrs
Allooapnia mokri Ross & Ricker




            References
                                                                      Notes




E



•H
JJ C
•z.
1
c
« w
M cj
o

oJ



to
1-j 
g u
£1
E-
V
•n
^0 11
^ •.-!


JJ
C
CJ
LJ
^
3
o

rH AJ
to «
!-• J-l
01 -H
C A
U TO
O EC


U
•H W
u-t n]
•H J-J
(J -i-i
ai ^0
a. n
w a:


! 11
VJ 
-------
P.-ir.imeters
Attoaapnia mystica Prison




         References
                                                                      Notes




ffi



•H
u C
•z.

c
« tn
CO u
O

CN



n
U ,
ja jj
t, w
3

J-J
C
flj
W
)J
U

— ( *J
n oj
Ui 1-J

-------
                                 Allosapnia n-iviaola  (Fitch)
      I'.-irnmetcrs
References
                                                                            Notes




a;


,
•H
t-i U
4J C
•z.
,
C
60  u
e "
H

T3
•H >,
.n U
Iw -H
3

4J
&
Jj
U
3
(_)

!-* t-l
nj M
lJ 4-1
01 -H
C ^a
OJ TO
O X


(J
•H W
uj TO
•H U
O -H
5J ^3
cx ra
w n:


1 
T3
Q>
01
tb

AcidoMontic
Acidopliilous
Neutral,
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophjlic
Facultative
Ssproxenous
S.iprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eutherraal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermsl
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
OligolichtoDhilous
Limnobiontic '
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheooliilous
Rhcobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Oratiiverc
Scavenger
oo
C-J



X









X
X



X


x.













X
















1>1
-a-











































X








i-H
^O


X
















X


X












X








X
X






r^
^



































X








X
X






v£!
O
iH



































X














































































































































'

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(42) leaf packs








(61) 14-18 ppm CaC03 alkalinity
                                           77

-------
J';irametcrs
Alloeapnia ohioens-is Ross  & Ricker




              References
                                                                      Notes

X
(X
Nutri-
ent
c
to m
00 U
VJ -H
O
(M
O
Tempera-
ture
Turbid-
ity
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
Feeding
Acldohiontic
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Olifcotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothennal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
r-«



































X








X
X









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-






































































































































































































































































































































































-























                                     78

-------
Parameters
Allocapnia osarkana Ross




         References
                                                                    Notes




X


1
•H
u c
E
,
C
to w
M U
14 -H
O

c-l



ra
M 01
tU i-J
E 4J

-------
            Parameters
Alloeapnia peshwnant Ross & Ricker


             References
                                                                                 Wotes




3=


,
i-l
V iJ
jj C
•z.
1
C
ra to
60 U
M -H
o

tN


1
n
)-> 01
.
J3 U
U -H
M

U
U
1-1
a
u

i-H *J
tj a
at -H
01 D
O X


w
1-1 4J
uj eg
•H 4-1
O -V
W -Q
O. CU
in a:


1 























X











X








X
X






f
o



































X








































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































01 4J
*J -H
a o
                                                80

-------
Parameters
Alloaapnia peltoidss Ross  &  Ricker




             References
                                                                    Notes




as


,
•H
K w
u C
3 0)
2
1
C
to w
60 U
H -r4
o

01


1
TO
^ QJ
HI l-<
0. 7!
6 "
01
£-•
1
•a
-4 >.
J3 u
lj -H
D
H

u
C
!U
^i
Vj
3
O

i-l 4J
TO M
l-i U
0) TH
01 (Q



u
•H iJ
U-l ffl
•H U
0 T<
a; J^
a. to
W EC


^ u
01 C
6 41
W U)
CO
C
-H
•a
v
at
u<

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oli^otrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
01 i go thermal
Steno thermal
Me ta thermal
Eury thermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligoltchtophilous
Linmobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
RheoDhilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
_Epilithic
Epixyjous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Onmivcre
Scavenger
r~
o-























X







X



X








•x






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































—






























































































































































~






























































































































































-,































































































































































                                   81

-------
Parameters
Allocapnia perplexa Ross & Ricker




             References
                                                                    Notes




x


,
•H
M 4J
4J C
2
I
C
to u
e *j
t-
i
•a
^
>-
e--






.H
01
c
01
O K


U
•H U
IH ID
•H U
0 -H
U -O
D. n


1 01
01 C
e *
U GO
00
c
1-1
•a
0)
w
u,

Acldohiontic
AcitlopMlous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligochermal
Stenotbennal
Metatherrnal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnopbilous
Indifferent
Rheochilous
Kbeobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Cmnivcre
Scavenger
<~~
o\
























X




















X



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                   82

-------
I'.'irometcrs
Alloeapnia polemistis Ross & Ricker




              References
                                                                      Notes




a;



•H
u C
E
,
c
TO 01
60 0
O

("•!



K
aj ^
£ AJ
H

•a
.a .u
iJ -r-t
t2


01
1-J
>-l
3
u

^-1 iJ
w u
o

5
-a
^ !

Acidohiontlc
Acidoptiilotis
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
OliRotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultstive
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxypliilous
Mesoxyphilous
OliRoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metatherraal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesollchtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Liinnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoahilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epipliytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Oninivere
Scavenger
r-.
Ol























X











X








X




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                    83

-------
            I'.-ir.imotcrs
Allocapnia pygmaea  (Buraeister)


            References
                                                                                  Notes




X


,
•^
u E
K
,
C
ca en
ao u
o

CM


1
TO
ij o>
u i-i
O. 3
e *j
01
t-

T3
-) >>
ja 4j
ki 'H
a

u
c
01
14
U
3
O

^ Jj
n re
01 T4
C J3
a) ra



u
T-* W
IM re
1-1 jj
U -H
U -Q
a. ffl
w x


i 01
u o
e w
W M
60
T4
•o
V
b.

Acidobiontic
Acidopiillous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Mctacherraal
Eurvthermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
LimnopMlous
Indif ferenC
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epihenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Ep i p liy t i c
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
PredaCor
lierbivore
ttnnivcrc-
Scavenger
r-




































X

X





X
X






r-l
-J



X














X
X


X












X








X
X
-





u~*
>3-






































X













\D


X
















X


X












X








X







PI
CO

X












X



X












X



X
















r^.
CT1



















X











X



X








X
X






CO
CT>































X



X








X
X






31
3>



































X





X


X







,-1
o
r-t



































X








X
X






r->
o
1-1












































X
X



y

X
^t
o
M




















































o
o
.H



































X


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(83) 1281-1400' el



















       (42)  162-190 ppm CaC03 alkalinity

            226-246 ppm CaC03 hardness

            395-428 ymhos  conductivity

       (61)   14-18  ppm CaC03  t.  alkalinity
OJ 4J
W -H
nj O
M O


iJ
O

-------
          1',-irnmctcrs
Allacapn-ia recta (Claassen)


          References
                                                                                  Notes




re



•H
u C


c
CO U
1J 1-1
o

r-1



«
»j a)
























X



















X
X


X




-H
O
•H



































X








X
X






n
o
.H












































X




X

X
-.
4-1
•H
                                                85

-------
     Parameters
                         Alloaapnia rickeri Prison

                                  References
                                                                          Notes




ffi


,
-^4
H iJ
ti c
z
i
c
m 01
GO u
M -H
o

CM
O


,
ffl
V- QJ
ffl lu
e "
V
H
i
-a
«-l S-,
.a u
U -(
D

C
01
>-
X.
3
o

rH 4J
rt W
Wi U
IU -i-l
e ^
a a
O X


t/
•H W
UJ M
fj J-J
f -H
ai -o
p. ™
w s:


1 at
w u
01 C
e ai
Ul M
oo
1-1
•o
01
Cu

Acldobiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
ttystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saprogenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Olifioxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothennal
01 i go thermal
Steno thermal
^fetather^lal
EurytViermal
Eulichlophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnopbilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rlieobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Ep i 1 i t h i c
EpixylouS
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivorc
Oranivcre
Scavenger
L-l
f~J



X










X




X

X













X








X







IN
-3-



X















X

X













X
















en
in



X










X




X


X








X



X
















•J3


X
















X


X












X
















r-.
CTl



















X



X











X








X
X






•&
o
H



































X
















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































U


















(59) 125-135m el
















(59)
238-252 ppm CaCOa hardness
448-458 umhos conductivity
  4-12 rag/1 free C02
110-200 mg/1 t.  alkalinity
(61)    14-18 ppm CaCD3
                                         86

-------
r.-iramaters
Allooapnia sanderson-i Ricker




           References
                                                                      Notes




X



•H
u E
•z.
1
E
to in
M O
o

tN



ra
lj 0)
ai ij
O. 3
E "
H
i
•o
•^ >,
-J3 U
t-i "^
l-t

LJ
C
ft!
'H
1-1
U

^1 -u
nj rO
ij JJ
a> -H
d -0
OJ CO
O ffi


u
•H JJ
uj to
•H J-l
U -H
a) zi
o. ra
U) W


1 OJ
^ o
QJ C
E a>
W «i
M
c
1-1
-o
OJ
01
u,

AcidoMontic
Acidoptiilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphllous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenotherrnal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Linmobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Erabenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Omnivore
Scavenger
i^
c^



















X











X



X








X




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                    87

-------
('ammeters
Alloaapnia stannardi Ross




       References
                                                                     Notes




X



•H
u C
E
,
C

V
?-
1
•o
-H >.
.0 -u
1- -H
3
n

XJ
C
(U
14
^
3
U

i-l iJ
rt ra
IJ 4J

-------
            p.-ir.imetcrs
                                  Allocapnia  tennessa Ross & Ricker




                                               References
                                                                                  Notes




X


,
•H
tJ t-l
« c
3 01

i
c
n M
oo o
ij -rt
o

t^


1
TO
kJ HI
O> IJ
D, 3
E «
QJ
t-
1
•o
•H >,
J3 4J
JJ 'H
D
M

u
OJ
Vw
Li
3


^-( 4-1
« Eti
1J 4-1
a> -H
D TO
O I


u
•H 4J
u-i R;
•H iJ
O. -H

CL (B
OT ar


1 01
t-1 U
(u c
E 01
U bO
00
c
•H
•a
u
b.

Acidohiontic
Acidophj lous
Neutral
AlkaliphUous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesotherrnal
Oligothermal
Stenothernial
Metanhennal
Eury thermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesol ichtophi lous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Linmobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Kheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
EpixyJous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Onnivci'f-
Scavenger
r~-
CTi












X






















X








XI
X



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































W -H
ffl u


33
                                                 89

-------
            I'nvametcrs
Allocapnia unziok&vi, Ross & Yamamoto



               References
                                                                                  Notes




sc



•H
4-1 C
•z.
,
c
00 U
o

c-l



nj
OJ )-<
£ "
t-
,
T3
^1 J-l


JJ
tu
lj
U

M iJ
V. 4->
c ^
u s:


u
tu ffl
0 -^
D. nt


1 O>
01 C
u oo

c
TJ
W
b.

Acldohiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphiloos
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
OliRoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligotherrnal
Stenothermal
Metatherraal
Etirythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtcphilous
Linmobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvious
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
licrbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
Ol































X



X








X




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































•u -H
ra u
a H
                                                90

-------
Parameters
Allooapnia virgin-Lana Prison



           References
                                                                     Notes




a:


i
T-H
)J "
4J C
3 0)
E
1
C
to w
M y
H -H
o

C^J
O


1
<0
lj HI
OJ ^
e «
QJ
t-
i
•a
-H >,
J2 u
XJ •!-<
3
I1-

u
C
0)
tJ
1J
3


r~( U
n M
i^ iJ
0) -H
4) n)



u
-H iJ
•H u
U ^)
a, n
W K


w u
E tt>
W 60
w>
1-1
•a
0)
0)
u<

Acidohiontic
Acidoptiilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolicht Ophilous
Polylicht ophilous
01 igolicht ophilous
Limnobioncic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
ftnnivore-
Scavenger
r^
cr>























X







X



X








X




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                    91

-------
     Parameters
Allocapnia vivipara (Claassen)

           References
                                                                          Notes

X
o.
Nutri-
ent
i
c
n m
to u
M "H
O
ot
O
Tempera-
ture
Turbid-
ity
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
Feeding
AcldoMontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothennal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
c*



X










X




x

y,













X








X







CO



X









X
X



X


X













X
















o




































X















<*•














X



X


X













2
















r-













X
X




















3
















-a-



















X


X












X
X















rH
•a


X
















X


X












X








jj
X






-3-






























X





X







X
X






S;




















































CO
CTi



































X








X
X






CT1



































X





X

X
X




X


r-H
o


































X
X








X
X






fl
o
H












































X
X



X

X
st
o
1-1












































X
X






o



































X
X















l-f
r-l












X




































X

X


































































































-























































































































































































































































,









































































































































(30,42,94,106)
temporary; inter-
mittent str
(99) leaf packs

(99,113) diatoms
(42)   202 ppm CaC03  alkalinity
      276 ppm CaCOs  hardness
      453-462 iimhos  conductivity

(61)    14-18 ppm CaC03  t,  alkalinity
                                          92

-------
I'.'irametcrs
Altoaapni-a wctweni-  Ross  & Yamamoto




               References
                                                                       Notes




I



•H
*J C
2
,
C
w «
DO U
o

OJ



«
w (1J
OJ Vw
e -u
u
l-
,
•u
1-1
t-i






^-H
fU
01
0) TO



U
•H U
-H u
OJ JD
a. n


w u
e a;
uj oo
CiO
•-t
•c

-------
I'.'ir.imeters
Alloaapnia, wrayi  Ross



      References
                                                                       Notes




sc


1
•H
u u
4J C
•z.
,
C
(0 01
00 O
VJ -rf
O

(S



nj
kJ 0)
0) i-
Q. 3
E *-•
U>
t-
,
•o
-^ >,
^i u
>- -H
<-•

i-i
01
u
LI
3
U

<-\ 4-1
ll U
W -H
d ^3
u n
O ffi


o
•H (J
«j iO
•^ 4-1
U -H
11 -D
tX TO
w x


1 0)
M U
41 C
E tt)
W DO
00
C
-H
T3
«J
V
U.

Acidohiontic
Acidoplillous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurytherraal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
r-.
o>























X











X








X





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-------
r.'irnmetcrs
Allocapnia sekia Ross




       References
                                                                     N&tes




ffi


t
•H
VJ J-J
tJ C
z
,
c
ca in
60 U
VJ -H
O

tN
O


,
«
14 QJ
,
Vi
3
f-i






i— I
PJ cl
<1J
OJ



(J
•H U
IM (0
•H 4J
y -H
d) J3
ex. a
VI B


M 0

-------
            r.-irnmetcrs
Alloaapnia zola Ricker



        References
                                                                                 Notes

X
a.
Nutri-
ent
i
c
n) to
OO U
l-i i-l
O
01
O
Tempera-
ture
Turbid-
ity
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
Feeding
Acldobiontic
Acidbphilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
SprinR
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
ftnnivcre
Scavenger
r-.
CTi























X







X


X
X








X
X






2























X











X
























































































































































































































































































































































































-





































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































J= S
o

M >>
                                                96

-------
Parameters
Allonafcys hiloba (Newman)




          References
                                                                    Notes




ffi



•H
H u
W C
z.
1
C
« 01
00 O
o

r-l


1
n)
lJ 1000' el



















                                   97

-------
            ]'n rame tors
Allonarays oomstoki,  (Smith)



         References
                                                                                   Notes




K


,
•rt
u C
•z.
,
C
QO u
O

01



rt
0) )J
e ±>
H

•a
-O J
3
I-J






•— 1
01
C ,3
O X


u
-H iJ
«M (B
0 -H
o. ra


1 01
01 C
E a)
u ao

C
•a
01
u
k.

AcJdohJontic
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutropliic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eutherraal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Mctathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Em bent hie
Epipelic
Episabulic
EpiliChic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
ttonivcrf
Scavenger
*
03



































X
















1000' el



















a M
0) -H
J5 E
                                                93

-------
1'aranetcrs
 proteus (Newman)




References




EC



T*
L> C
•z.
1
C
00 U
o

CM



ra.
0) lj
e *•"
S-*
1
•a
XI -U
1-i -^


ij
OJ
iJ
u
3
u

^H 4J
Ld U
Q) -H
C ^
O K


u
-H U
>W «
•rt i-1
U -H
OJ X)
CL CO


1 d)
01 C
W 00

C
•rJ
•a
4)
a>
Lu

AcJdohiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Ssprophobic
Euoxyp'iilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetathermal
Eurytherrnal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Oimivore
Scavenger
-*

-------
            IMrnmetcrs
 scotti  (Ricker)


References
                                                                                  Notes




ffi


,
•H
JJ C
=3 0)
2
\
c
ra in
60 u
k< -H
O

ot



ra
l-J 0)
4) 1-
n. 3
e 4->
0)
H-
l
TJ
-O
u
3
M






i-H
V
C
u ra



u
TH iJ
u-i to
•H U
01 ^>
a. re
to x


i a;
u o
E OJ
u oo
00
•H
•u
01
at
EJ*

Acldohiontic
AcidopfiHous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eu trophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Sapropliobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthemal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metachermal
Eurvthermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
OUgolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiont ic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epipliytic
Winter
Sprinp
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
tXnnivcre
Scavenger
E/^



















































X
CO
^4



















X

X













X













X

X
fl
^r



















































X
o
Oi


X















X

































n
rH
i-i



















































X

























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































u

M  >>
tU  i-i

cQ  cj
3 1-1

u  o
Q) H
J=
      (90)   8 ppm m.o. alkalinity

            0 ppm p. alkalinity

            3.5 ppm C02
                                                100

-------
Parameters
Alloperla ehandleri. Jewett



         References
                                                                    Notes




w



•*
H 4-1
«J C
2
1
C
n w
M J
e «
HI
f-
,
T3
-1 >.
Xl 1-1
i4 -H
D
M

JJ
C
QJ
t-i
U
3
CJ

.-1 4J
M nj
I~> 4-1
ra -H
(U «



u
•H U
IM to
•H U
U -H
u ja
D. M
W X


M 0
HI C
E QJ
W 00
CO
C
•H
•a
V
tb

Acidohiontic
Acidopliilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Hetathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hcsolichtophilous
Polylichcophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rbeobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic_
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcrc
Scsvenfter
o
o
H



































X









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(100) 6000' el



















                                   101

-------
          l';irametcrs
Alloperla eonaoloT Ricker



         References
                                                                                Notes




X



•rf
t-> C
3 01
•Z.
I
c
IB u
00 U
M -H
O

^•i


,
n
lJ HI
01 ^
E "
H
,
•o
•H >»
_fi
J-i
3
t-






•—I
01
C A
v ra
o ffi


u
iH JJ
uj nj
•H U
U -H
v -o
Q. W
W K


1 0)
M U
V C
e 1
u
•H
                                              102

-------
     I'n r.imctcri
Alloperla deliaata Prison



         References
                                                                           Notes




ffi


,
•H
u C
•z.

c
(0 »
oo o
U -H
O

fN(


,
«
v. 
-------
IVirnmeters
Allaperla fratepna Prison




         References
                                                                     Notes




3J


,
-H
*J C
•z.
,
B
to «
eo u
b i-(
o

c*l



rt
Vi 01
HI lw
d. 3
B "
01
H
i
•u
-H >>
ja u
V- TH
3
t->

LJ
c
01
M
1J
3
u

.H 4J
n co
01 -H
o) ra



u
-H 4J
IM ra
-rt 4J
U -H
91 J3
ex. n
w rs


1 01
lJ 0
0) C
E 01
U 00
BO
c
1-(
•a
0)
01
u.

Acldobiontic
Acidopliilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphiloos
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothennal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Met a thermal
EurytViermal
Eulichtophilous
Mcsolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilpus
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
IN
r~-



































X
















o
o
•-I













































X
X





CM
O
.-1



































x









X
X





o
rH
H



















X















x









X
X





r^
r-j
H



















X

X













x





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(72) low elevations
(122) 213,198,152,68m
el

















                                    104

-------
J'.'ir.nmetcrs
Alloperla idei  (Bicker)




        References
                                                                      Notes




re


,
T4
4-" C
•z,
1
C
(C m
oo u
M -H
o

OJ



(0
>-. a)
at ij
e *j

-------
I'.'irnmetcrs
Alloperla imbesilla (Say)




         References
                                                                      Notes




a:



•H
tJ C
z
,
c
oo u
LJ -^
o

01



a
t- ai
u ij
e *j
8-
,
TJ
r-i
V.
<-






f— 1
CO
OJ




































X
X










X



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































—
































































































































































































(83) 1281-1400' el



















                                    106

-------
     I'.-ir.imetcrs
Alloperla leonaTda Ricker




         References
                                                                           Notes




w


1
T4
jj C
E
1
C
to w
M U
o

C-l



ra
01 ^
e 4-1
01
F-

T3
•H >v
J5 JJ
Li -H
D
F-

U
d>
i-1
lj
3
O

.H t->
nj rt
Ll U
(U -H
c .a
u ra
o a:


u
•H U
u-i W
-H U
o •.-*
0) JO
D. n
w x


1 HI
^ u
01 C
e a
tu oo
00
i-(
•a
«j
lm

j Acldoblontic
Acidopliilous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Otnnivcre-
Scavenger
a
^



































X









X
X





































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-























—




















































































































































































































(96)  A.  sylvia is a synonym.
                                         107

-------
I'iir.iineter:
Alloperla medveda  Ricker




         References
                                                                       Notes

s
p.
Nutri-
ent
c
to en
on u
1J T^
O
CM
O
Tempera-
ture
Turbid-
ity
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
1 41
u u
0) C
6 m
W M
Feeding
AcldoMontic
Acidophi lous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Olij;otrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothennal
Oligothennal
Stenothermal
Metachennal
Eurvthermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtoohilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilcus
Indifferent
Rheonhilous
Rheobiont ic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixvlous
Epiphvtic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
PredaCor
Herbivore
(tmnivcre
Scavenger
cs
c



































X









X
X





CM
i-l
i-H


































X
X









X
X
X










































































































































































































































































































































































-























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































—















































































































































-

-




















                                     108

-------
                    Alloperla serpata Heedham  & Claassen
l';i mine tors
References
                                                                     Notes




K


,
•H
1- u
« c
3 01
•z.
,
C
to w
ao u
U -H
O

OJ


1
ra
i-. m
01 VJ
D. 3
£ 4-.
Q)
t-
l
•a
-< >,
ja u
)-. 'r-l
3

u
C
(U
tw
b
3


•-( 4J
n) nJ
Vl 1-1

rvl



































X










X





(N
r^.



















X














X

















O-l
O
H



































X









X
X





-*
O
[-1














































X





O
rH
^H



































X









X






C-J
-H
-H



































X









X
X









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                    109

-------
      Parameters
Alloperla severa (Hagen)




         References
                                                                          Notes








iH
4-1 C
2
1
C
oo u
>J -H
o

CN



ra
OJ VJ
e "
u
H
,
•a
ja u
i4 -rl
3

4-1
C
QJ
l-i
Vl
3
U

.-1 4J
M ca
Lw JJ
ai -H
C J
u n
O 3=


CJ
•H U
u-i eg
--I 4-1
O "H
« XJ
a re
w a:


1 0)
u u
01 C
E a
ui no

C
•^
•a
0)
01
a,

AcidohlontiC
Acidoplii lous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oli^otrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
EuoxyphilouS
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eutherraal
Mesotnermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythennal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophllous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophllous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Kheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summe r
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Oninivcrc
Scavenger

-------
            1'ammeters
Amphinemia'a banksi Baumann & Gaufin



               References
                                                                                   Notes




K


,
•H
V u
JJ C
•z.
,
C
CO 
CO
C
1-1
13
V
0)
In

Aciciobiontic
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibior.tic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saprogenous
Saprophobic
Euoxypliilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous \
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobioncic
Limnophilous ^
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixv]ous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenf-cr
c^
H
H
































X


X










X
X

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































a w
01 -H
f! E
                                                 111

-------
     r.-ir.imetcrs
                               Amphinemura delosa (Ricker)

                                         References
                                                                            Notes




ffi


,
-rl
*J C
•z.
,
C
TO w
oo u
o

c*J



nj
l-i <
ja 4-1
l-i 'H
a
t-i

j-j
(U
»J
IM
3
O

— ( tJ
n eo
<-l 4-1
_) -J
C ^
u ra
e> x


O
•H U
wj «
•rf U
y -H
a -o
o, ro


1 OJ
M 0
at c
W U)

C
•H
•a
u
ti
ib

Acidohiontlc
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
IndiEferenC
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Sapropliobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eutherrnal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metatherraal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtoohilous
Limnofaiontic
Lirnnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Sprinc
Summer
Autumn
Predator
iierbivore
Onnivcre-
Scavenrer
CT>
c-1



X















X

X













X
X








X
X





CTi
m



X










X




X

X









X



X
















,-1
\o


X
















X


X












X









X
X





in
r~



X








X

X



X



X












X













X


r-s
1-^



















































X
f!
CO

X












X
X


X


X









X













X
X





JD
Cl














































X
X




I-l
o
H



































X







X

X
X


X


en
o
•H



































X







X

X
X


X

X
-*
o
.H













































X
X
X




A
o
-i



































X
















en
•H
•-(


















X
















X













X

X
































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(59) 8-15 mg/1 02
>85% saturation
















(59) 130-145m el










(101,103) leaf packs








S to
HI -H
-c S
0) JJ
4J ^-1
q U
(75,83,96,101,103,104)  I!, venosa Is a synonym.

(39)  162-234 ppm CaC03 alkalinity
     222-320 ppm CaC03 hardness
     395-600 ymhos conductivity

(59)  100-230 mg/1 alkalinity
       4-13 mg/1 free C02
                                          112

-------
            I'.-iramctcrs
Amphinemuz>a Undo.  (Ricker)


          References
                                                                                  Notes




ffi


,
•H
u C
K
1
C
IB en
oo o
lJ -H
O

ot



to
V4 
-------
     JVir.Tmetcrs
nigrttta (Provancher)

 References
                                                                           Notes




X



-*4
•u C
•z
,
C
to en
00 U
1-1 -rl
o

OJ



to
ii 01

-------
Parameters
Amphinemura varshava (Ricker)




           References
                                                                    Notes




as


,
-H
tJ J-i
" C
E
1
C
to w
M U
k< 'i-l
O

(N



EC
l-i aj
y> iJ
a s
e 4-1
>
JJ
f-t






fH
EC n
01
01 *n



U
•H U
ttj to
•H U
O -H
U J3
o. ro
w a:


i J U
6 
u,

Acldohlontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Olisotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphj lous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
01 igothermal
Stenothermal
Mctachermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polyllchtophilous
Oligollchtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilcus
Indifferent
Rheouhilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
(tninivure
Scavenger
tri
<-{
<-*



















X















X
















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































_.












































































































































































































































                                   115

-------
1'jirnmctcrs
Amph'inemia'a venusta  (Banks)




           References
                                                                       Notes




ffi



T-l
It C
E
1
C
ra «
co o
o

tM



ra
01 v<
E *J
H

*o
-H >*
J3 JJ
lj -H
3

U
01
ti
V.
C-)

^ iJ
is rt
l~l 4-1
(U -H
C ,3
in rt
O K


u
1-1 iJ
uj ra
—i j-i
(J -H
tl) -D
a. n
vn x


1 OJ
01 C
e m
W DO
oo
C
•^
•a
0)
01
IK

Acldohlontlc
Acidoplillous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oli^otrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Sapropliobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
OliRoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurvthermal
Eulichtophilous
Mcsolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtoohilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epi bent hie
Embenthic
Epipelic
Epi.sabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiplwtic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatot
lierbivore
(Vinivci't
Scavenpcr
CO
en




















































-31
O
1-1














































X





o>
o
^


X











X



X
X


X











X
X
X









X





1-\
1-



















X















X










X
X


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































--































































































































































                                      116

-------
           I'.-ir.imetcrs
                                     Amphinemura wui (Claassen)




                                               References
                                                                                 Notes




EC


,
•^
u w
4J C
2

C
1 co in
oo o
O

tM



nj
J- 01
oj ^
E •->
t-
!
•a
.0 4-1
U -H
3

J_J
01
kl
CJ

.H U
tO TO
^ JJ
ai -H
C _o
o a


o
•H 4->
UJ tO
•H 4J
U -H
OJ ^1
d. (T3


1 01
>J 0
J C
U 60

C
•r4
T5
V
01
a.

Acidohlontic
Acidoplillous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Snprophobic
Euoxyphilous
MesoxyphiloLis
Olisoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Hesothermal
Oligothennal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheouhilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Epissbvilic
Epilithic
EpixvJous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
fell I VOTE
Scavenger
i-
-3



















X

V













X









X
X





n
0
-1



































X







%


X


X

X
-3-
o
H













































X
X





U~l
o
^H



































X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































--






















































































































































(103) leaf oacks








a 01
       (103,104)  N.  sinuata is a synonym.
                                                117

-------
     I'.-irnmetcrs
     Arcynoptevyx oompaata  (McLachlan)

                  References
                                                                           Notes




X


,
i-l
H 4J
t-> C
•z.
1
c
n 01
oo u
VJ -rt
O

CM



a
u v
at i-i
e "
E-
1
•a
•H X
J3 U
Vi M
(-

i_>
01
L<
u
U

.-1 4J
« ffl
tw JJ
01 -^
c: -o
u n
O 3=


CJ
•H U

-------
I'.'immeters
Atoperla ephyre (Newman)




         References
                                                                     Notes




31


1
•H
P JJ
ti C

1
e
oo o
tj -ri
o

r-J


1
CB
V. QJ
flj Iw
E t>
u
H
1
T3
J3 u
I- -r-(
3

JJ
0)
i-i
Vj
o

"H 4J
n «
LJ 4-1
01 -H
C ^3
o; TO
0 X


o
•H JJ
«-l ?Q
-H JJ
0 -H
 C
E v
w M

c
T^
•o
0)
V
u.
-_ .

Acldohlontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkalipbilous
Allolibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saprogenous
Sapropliobic
Euoxypliilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oli^oxyphilous
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtoohilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophllous
Indifferent
Rbeoohilous
RheobionCic
Lake
Pond
Rj ver
Stream
Other
Epihenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
^pili thic
Epiv.vlovjs
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
liorbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger

XTl
r^


































X


















-o
c?i


































X










X
X






r-l
O
^













X









X







X



X









X
X

X




f)
o
i-H













































X
X






•fl-
ea
i-t













































X
X






ro
H
H































X



X












X




























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                    119

-------
            l';irnmetors
Attaneia>ia TUTalis (Hagen)



          References
                                                                                    Notes




X


,
•H
LI C
•z-

c
(0 0)
ad U
o

CN



«
)-i 


































X











X





i-i
o
rH






























X



X








X

X
X

X



c--
c































X



X





X



X
X

X



•*
o













































X
X






-------
           I'/ir.imetcrs
georgiana (Banks)



References
                                                                                  Notes




:n


I
•H
t-> JJ
4J C
E:
i
c
tB Ul
M U
Id -H
O

IN



ra
)-i QJ
01 lj
e *j

,
13
J3 iJ
V. 'r-(
p^

1_*
OJ
VJ
IJ
U

i— 1 4J
ni to
i-i AJ
Q) -H
C ^J
HI fO
O ffi


U
-H iJ
u* m
-M u
O -H
a; .0
o. ra
w n:


1 H
^ CJ
tu c
E ttJ
s*i to
00
c
•^
T3
01
V
fu

Acidohlontic
Acidophilous
Weutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
01Ip,otrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
OliRoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Hetathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Linmobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic ^
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
lierbivore
Oanivorf
Scavenger

-------
Bols~h.eaa.pnia milami Nebeker & Gaufin




               References
                                                  Notes




X
o.


,
•H
tJ U
f C
•z
,
c
to en
00 u
>J -H
O

CM
O


I
nj
v. o)
OJ l-i
D. 3
e "
CJ
H
1
T3
•H >,
j3 4J
ij >^
3

LJ
C
Li
3
u

t-t 4J
« n
m -.j
C A
u n



CJ
•^ u
•H 1-1
U -H
Q) J3
D. ffl
W B


U W
E 
-------
            I'arnmetcrs
Bolsheaapnia sasquatshi (Ricker)




            References
                                                                                Notes




ffi



•H
U 4-1
*-> C
•z.
\
c
re m
oo u
U •(-(
O

01


i
«
l-i >
J3 AJ
lj -i-t
3
(-

iJ
c
QJ
Li
Vi
3
U

<-* u
ttf TO
OJ -H
o; «



u
•rt M
•rt JJ
u -o
o. ra
w a:


v o
01 C
E 
-------
Bolshecapni-a spenaeri (Ricker)




          References
                                            Notes




sc


,
•H
u C
E
1
C
ra in
00 U
o

fS


,
n)
v. m
0) lJ
e *->
a
H
,
TJ
^
X4
3






T-l
Vj
01
C
U
O 3=


U
•H U
»w D
-H JJ
U "H
HI -D
a. a
w x


1 0)
0> C
e 
-------
                                    a californica (Banks)



                                       References
                                                                         Notes




ffi



•rt
t-l U
*J C
a
t
c
do u
i- -t-i
O

CM



to
t-, 01
HI !-•
e u
E-

•a
_Q 4J
U -r4
3

AJ
01
IJ
Ll
3
u

i-H U
Vj u
CJ -H
C ^
U ffi


u
•H U
^ nj
-H U
u -^
a; .0
(X (3


1 0)
^ w
41 C
B H>
w oo
00
c
1-1
•a
u
w
u.

Ac Jdohlontic
Acidophi Ions
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontie
Indifferent
EuCrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Sapropliobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
He ta thermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
EpiKabulic
Epili thic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
SprinR
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivore
Scavenger
1-1
1-1


















X


X













X.












X



en
-*














X



X
X


X








X



X












X



r-l



















X















X
















OD














































X

X



o
TO



X































X










X





-H
co































X



X












X



!S1
CO































X



X












X
X

X
o
o
.H













































X
X





(N
o
r^


































X
X









X
X





CO
o
t-i































X



X





X



X
X

X



o
»-i
•-t



















X



X











X









X
X





OJ
1-1
1-1


































X
X









X
X






-------
I'.-irnmetcrs
  luetuosa  (Banks)




References
                                                                      Notes




re



•H
u C
z
,
e

bh

AcldoMontic
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkaliphi]ous
AlkaLibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Faculcstive
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
EuoxypJiilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesochermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Mctathennal
Eurytbemial
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rhcobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Epi-sabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiplivtic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
o
c














































X





C-J
c


































X
X









X
X




•

-------
      I'ar.imetcrs
Capnia barberi Claassen




      References
                                                                           Notes




X


,
•H
iJ C
K
,
C
to en
on u
U -H
O

CM




U,

AcJdoblontic
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
OligoCrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Snprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphi lous
Oli^oxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetathermal
Eurythei-nial
Eulichtoohilous
He sol ich tophi lous
Polylich tophi lous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limno phi lous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rhcobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epihenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
Herbivore
Ormivcrc-
Scsven^cr
O
CO



X































X








X
X






c
q












































X|







~T
o
r^












































X






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(80) 1900m el



















(80)  30-35 ppm m.o.  alkalinity
                                          127

-------
Capnia
                                               Claassen
I'.'ir.imetcrs
        References
                                                                       Notes




ffi


1
•H
u C
3 0)
K
,
C
ra in
to u
i* -H
a

c-i



ra
l-i a)
a) 1-1
E "
m
t-
,
•a
•H >.
.0 *j
w •*
3
i-"

jj
C
OJ
•M
l-i
3
u

-H U
rt id
n u

-------
I'nrnmetcrc
References
                                                                    Notes




X


,
-H
ij c
E

C
00 O
o


-------
Capnia aonfusa Claassen




        References
                                          Notes




X



•H
"-> C
•z.

C
« Ifl
oo u
o

(M



nl
LJ QJ
OJ |_i
E "
t-

13
-1 >.
ja iJ
id --J
3
t-i

jj
Oi
M
u
O

i-l U
Vj 4-1
a) -H
C -a
O X


a
l-t U
uj m
U -H
OJ J3
o. ra


1 OJ
M U
at c
u oo
oo
C
T-l
T3
4J
0)
U.

AcltloMontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibior.tic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Meso trophic
Oli^otrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphi lous
Olifioxyphilous
Euthential
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Mctathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtoohilous
Hesolichtophllous
Pol ylichtophi lous
Oligolichtoohilous
Linmobiontic
Limno phi lous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Kheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other '
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabiilic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
SprinR
Summer
Autumn
Prcdatot
Herbivore
CViinivcrc
Scavenger

-------
Capnia. cygna Jewett




     References
                                       Notes








T*
tj *J
4-1 C
K
1
C
TO w
60 U
O

£N



«t
SJ Ol
ai ^
D. 3
E *J
H
1
3 »
XI -U
V. -H
t-

iJ
c
VJ
Vi
a


rH iJ
IB TO
1-1 IJ
BJ T^
OJ <0
O X


u
-H iJ
lij 0]
•ri J-l
0 -H
IP ^3
a. rc
w re


1 V
vj o
0) C
e w
UJ 00
00
c
•H
T3
dJ
tu

AcldoMontic
Acidoplillous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesocrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Etenothermal
Hetathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rlieobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Oinnivcre
Scavenger
r^
O
^-i



































X








X





























































































































-









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-












































































































































































































































      131

-------
1'arnmetcrs
Capnia. decepta (Banks)




       References
                                                                     Notes




32


,
•H
|J U
u C
K
,
C
tlj W
do u
ki -H
O

CN


1
"3
kj HI
OJ )-J
EX 3
E •->
OJ
H
1
T3
ja u
Vl -H
3
f^-i

XJ
OJ
1-
u
u

•-H 4J
TO (fl
W U
01 -H
C .3
OJ (0
0 X


u
•rt 4J
«-l (0
-rt iJ
O -rt
Oj .a
CL CH


t- 0
oi c
e v
W Ml

C
— I
-v
4)
V
u.

Acldohiontic
Acidopliilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Hesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetathermal
Eurythermal
EulichCophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epihenthic
Etnbenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Sprinp
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Oranivcrc
Scavenger
^3-
c













































X



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                    132

-------
r.'irnmetcrs
Capnia elevata Prison




      References
                                                                     Notes




EC



-H
P 4-1
4-1 C
3 ,
IJ -r-(
n
f-f

*j
c

-------
Capn-ia elongata Claassen




        References
                                          Notes




a:



•H
H 4-J
u C
3 H
E
t
C
(D ui
00 U
|J -H
O

r-l


1
eo
>J 0}
01 Vi
Q. 3
E 4-.
a
t-
i
•a
-H X
J3 i->
lJ -H
<-

i_j
c

-------
                                          Capnia erecta  Jewett



                                                 References
                                                                                     Notes




ffi



1-i
jj c
•z.

c
60 U
o

eg



ed
l-i 01
01 lJ
E *J
t-

•o
J3 U
iJ -H
3

xj
•
0)  u

•u  -H
CO  O

3  -rl

   X

M  O
                                                  135

-------

IVirnmetcrs
Capnia exaavata Claassen




        References
                                                                     Notes

o.
Nutri-
ent
c
to in
00 U
V4 -H
O
01
O
Tempera-
ture
Turbid-
ity
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
oo
c
•H
•a
41
V
u.
Acldobiontic
AcidopMlous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eu trophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Hesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Mctatherrnal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophllous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Onnivcrf
Scavenger
S



































X
















S


































X

















o
o












































X
X







-------
I'.'irametcrs
Capn-ia fibula Claassen




        References
                                                                      Notes




as


i
1-1
-u C
•z.
,
n
ra in
oo u
>J -H
o

c^t


,
«
ij a)
QJ 14
e u
HI
t-
,
•a
•H >,
ja jj
1-1 -rf
D
M

JJ

uj re
•H 4J
O -H
U -Q
a. ro
Wl X


1 0)
u u

W bo
QO
C
1-(
•a
OJ
01
Cb

Acidoblontic
Acidopltilous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutraphtc
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Hesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metatherrnal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Etnbenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
SprinR
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
-a-
o
•H












































X









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































.




















































-

































(104) 7000' el



















                                    137

-------
                                          Capn-ia  glabva  Claassen




                                               References
                                                                                 Notes




X


,
•H
4-1 C
•z.
1
C
to m
60 






!-l
13
01
at 
-------
      IVirntnetcrs
Capn-La graa-ilapia Claassen



           References
                                                                             Notes

EC
CL
Nutri-
ent
i
c
« ui
M U
tj -H
o
e-l
O
Tempera-
ture
i
•a
-H ^
^3 4J
iJ v-l
f-(
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
(Feeding
t
AcidoMontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenot-hermal
Hetathermal
Eurytherrnal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Erabenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixy]ous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
o
en



































X







X




-
ftnnivcrc I
Scavenger j
-*
m




















































in
m































X


X
X
















-*
\o













































X
X




(N
r^.


















X
X

X












X

















in
co




















































c
c












































X
X






fj
c
«H


































X
X







X
X






•*
o
.H












































X






CTi
O
r-t



X










X




X

X












X
X
X







X
X





o
tH
.H



































X








X
X






•H
•H
^H


































X
X








X
X






r-j
•H
rH


































X
X








X
X


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































—













—

-
















(54) <8500' el
(55) <8000' el
(64) 5000-8500' el
(85) 9700-10560' el
see below
(30) leaf packs,
detritus


General Habitat: (continued)
(109)  6250-8000' el




(109)  temporary str
                                           139

-------
J'.'ir.imetcrs
Capn-ia jewetti-  Prison




       References
                                                                        Notes




3:



•H
u C

,
C
M U
O

r>i



id
(U IJ
e u
H

•o
^3 *J
(-1


Ol
b
u

^H 4J
U 4-1
C ^3
0) ig
U =


u
•H 4J
U-l (C
U -H
a «


i ai
01 C
e ai
u ac

c
•a
01
EL.

AcJdoMontic
Acidoplillous
Neutral
AJkaIip^iJous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesocrophic
OligotrOphic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyptiilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Hesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
03 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheonhilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
^pilithic
Epixvlous
Epiplivtic
Winter
Sprinc
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Oranivcrc
Scavenger
r-i
C


































X
X








V
X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































—




















































-.































































































































































                                     140

-------

Parameters
Capnia laaustra Jewett




       References
                                                                    Notes




tc


I
•^
M 4J
JJ C
z
t
C
nj m
to o
kJ -rl
O

CS


1
n)
vi tu
0) )J
0, 3
E iJ
(V
t-
1
T3
•H >.
.Q 4J
lJ -H
3
t-i

0-1
C
Q)
tJ
tj
3
u

^1 4-1
n ns
ij j-i
01 **
C ^1
01 «
C X


EJ
•H 4-1
UJ CO
•i-( iJ
U -H
OJ J3
n. to
w x


u u

-------
Parameters
Capnia lie-lna Jewett




      References
                                                                     Notes




ffi


,
•H
u C
5;
,
c
nj en
00 0
u -^
O

CM


,
*
.0 «-"
14 -r<
C-'

J-l
UJ
w
1-1
CJ

.^ iJ
n a
Vl 4-1
a» i-{
d ja
0) H3
0 K


U
•H 4J
UJ C0
•H 4J
0 -H
01 J3
a. rt
w a:


1 V
at c
UI &0
ed
c
•a
0)
01
u,

AcJdohlontlc
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesocrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eutnermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurytheraal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Kheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
EmbentMc
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
}ierbivore
Oranivcre
Scavenger
CN
C
^



































X









X































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































	 1






























































































































































— -




















































































































































































































                                    142

-------
r.-ir.itnetcrs
Capnia ligulata Hanson




       References
                                                                        Notes




X


,
fl
u C
Z.
1
C
to v>
DO U
o

(SI



«
1J 01
Ol 1J
e «
0)
E-
,
T3
-TJ U
^4 T-l
D


ai
ij
ij
u

i-i tj
ra ra
1-1 U
01 -^
C ^3
m m
O K


U
-H 4J
>M *
•H J-J
O -H
SJ -Q
O. BJ
W X


i at
01 C
e 
-------
            I'ammeters
Capnia l-imata Prison


       References
                                                                                    Notes

X
G,
1
-H
1-1 4J
*J C
3 qj
1
E
m in
eo o
14 -r4
o
IM
O
Tempera-
ture
Turbid-
ity
Current
.
General-
Hablcat
._
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
Feeding
AcidoMontic
AcidopMlous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eu trophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Snprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
OliRoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesotherrnal
Oligothermal
Stenochermal
Hetatherrnal
Eurytherroal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Lironobiontic
Litnnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
EpJbenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epipliytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
lierbivore
Onnivcre
Scavenger
<•
in




















































IT)
m































X


x

















O!
o



X










X



X
X


X











X
X









X






—


































X
X








y
X






C-4
.H
iH


































Tf
X









X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-


















































































































(54) <8500' el
(109) 5250-7750' el



M X
01 -u
W -H
« u

-------
           I'Jirnmetcrs
Capnia lineata Hanson




      References
                                                                                 Notes




K



•H
t-l U
tJ C
•z.
,
c
ro tn
60 U
o

ts


1
OJ
tj OJ
,
£l U
U M
3
(->

JJ
11
IJ
Li
3
U

.-( *J
IJ 4-1
QJ -H
C J
V «
O X


U
•H 4J
U-l fl)
•H U
O -H
OJ JD
D. (0
W ffi


1 01
M 0
HI c
e oj
W «P
00
c
1-1
T3
U
U
Cb

Acidohlontic
Acidoptiilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
OliRoxyphilous
Eutherroal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
EulichCophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichcophilous
Oljgolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Oraniwoi-e
Scavenger
o
o




















































OJ
o
H



































X









X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































_






























































































































































•
S to
                                                145

-------
IVirnmetcrs
Capnia. maculata Jewett




       References
                                                                     Notes




X


1
•rf
p «J
*-> C
•z.
,
C
ra in
oo a
lJ -H
o

IM



n
k. HI
01 U
a. a
E -u
01
f-
i
•a
-H >,
^1 4J
k- -r^
3

4J
C
OJ
M
LI
a
CJ

•H 4J
ttf rt
l-l 4-1
01 -H
C J
V B]
U K


U
TH W
IH ffi
•H U
0 -H
0) J3
a. (tf
w X


1 4)
^ y
u C
e m
w ao
00
C
•rt
•a
a)
Im

Acldohiontic
Acidoplillous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesotbermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetacherraal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Litnnobiontic
Liitinophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Khcobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embentbic
Kpipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
lierbivore
CXnnivore
Scavenger
c
c













































X



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                    146

-------
     Parameters
Capnia manitoba Claassen

         References
                                                                          Notes




X



•H
lJ JJ
•U C
K.
1
c
tt> u
O

CM



ni
ij ai
OJ )J
E 4J
u
H
,
13
•H >,
-Q 4J
Li -_4
D

iJ
tu
ti
Vi
O

i-* iJ
U 4-1
V -H
C J
U «
U M


u
•H U
tM OJ
•H iJ
U -^
4) JD
a. TO
to a:


1 0)
L( 0
QJ C
e u
w aD

C
•H
•a
V
a)
Ui

AcJdohlontic
Acidoplillous
Neutral
Alkallphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilaus
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtopbilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Linmoblontic
Limnophilcus
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Sprins
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Pninivore-
Scavenger
CN|
<-



X















X

X













X









X






-3-
o
iH













































X






^O
o
^H



































X
















n
<-t
.H



































X

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-












































































-






















































































































,








































(42)  164  ppm CaC03  alkalinity
     278  ppm CaCOs  hardness
     440-480 ymhos  conductivity
                                         147

-------
            IVirnmetcrs
Capnia melia Prison


      References
                                                                                   Notes




X


,
•H
•u C
Z
1
a
« D)
DO O
VJ -H
o

(M



«
lJ 
E u
t-
i
•a
-1 X
JO
Ll







t-i
HI
C
ai
U K


u
T-l W
Uj 0}
-H 4J
0 -H
tu &
a. re
w a:


1 0)
VJ CJ
4) C
e m
ua to
60
c
•r*
•a
4)
U.

Acidohiontic
Ac idophi lous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
EuCrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Snprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Olisoxyphijous
Eutherraal
Heso thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metatherraal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolich tophi lous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Lirnnopbilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Erabenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixvlous
Epjpliytic
Winter
Sprinc
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivurf
Scavenger
tn
CN



































X








X
X






r-i
O
H



































X








X
X






o
iH



















X















X









X




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































—




















































































































































































































3  to
0) -H
J= X
U O
HI H
J3
                                                 148

-------
            IVirnmctcrs
Capni-a nana  Claassen



      References
                                                                                     Notes




X


t
•H
*J C
K
t
C
tB f>
00 ,
J3 4J
X. -H
t-

-4-1
C
(LI
U
1J
3
O

tH U
n ro
1-1 iJ
ai -H
C -a
ai n
U td


u
•H U
U-l flj
•H U
0 TH

-------
          I'.-ir.imetcrs
Capn-ia nearotica  Banks


       References
                                                                                  Kotes




X


,
•rf
H JJ
•u C
•z.
1
c
ta en
M u
M -r4
o

CM


1
<0
u  c
E v
LU DO
00
C
^
•a
4)
tu

Acidohiontic
AcidopMlous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alhalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
OliRotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxypliilous
Mesoxyphi lous
Olisoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oli^othermal
StenoLbermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnopbilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Sprinp
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
lierbivore
Omnivorf
Scavenger
-*•
o













































X
X













































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































_




















































































































































































































>:
4-1
•H
                                               150

-------
(Vir.imetcrs
Capnia oregona Prison




       References
                                                                      Notes




tc


,
•*-<
•u C
a
1
n
« 01
oo u
o

,
.O 4-1
ij >H


JJ
M U
ra to
lu 4-J
I) f-(
c: ^
0) «
U 3=


u
•H U
«J (0
•M iJ
U -H

-------
ro
Other Water Chemistry, |
Toxicity, Misc. 'Feeding


















ID
3
1
M

















Omnivcre

















i














Herbivore

























Predator


























Emer-
gence
Au t umn
























Summer

























t/i
H-
0
X
X























Winter

X
























Specific
Habitat
M
-o
•£_
'<
n

























m
-a
xy]ous

























•3
lithic

























«|S
sabulic

























•a
IP
£
r>

























On fa en t hie

























b
3"
3
(T
H'
O

























General
Habitat
o
rt
3-
ra


























en
rr
<-*
ro
3
X
X























•x
H.
(U


X























"0
o
G.


























U
:*-



























Current
50
in
0
siontic


























50
y
Q
f


























3
a.
H-
ft)


























r
M-
3
J
Ul

























t"
H-
a
3
cr
H-
o
3
n
n


























Turbid-
ity
S
m'
licbtc
philouS

























"0
o
h-
H-
O
3"
PT
O
hilous

























if
w
o
n
3-
rt
O
>hilous

























m
H-
r-i
o
•a
3-
i— '
o
c
in


























Tempera-
ture
f
•*
ro
01


























ra"
r*
0)
henna


























Crt
rt
3
r*
IT
(D


























O
i--
U.
(K3
f
I-1

























a?
l/l
o
re


























c
PT
rr
i



























°2
o
H-
m
X
-3
=r
o
c
w

























3
U)
o
a
c
VI

























m
o
o
V)


























Organ-
ics
VI
D
O
'E.
o
a-
H-


























l/l
a
M
X
ra
3
o
c:


























•n
0
n
c
tativt


























w
i
sr
H-
i-1



























Nutri-
ent
C
rt
O
U
O


























O
•w
r*
H
O
3"
n

























3
m
o
Q
•a


























W
rt
a
H-
n



























PH
1 Indifferen


























Alkalibion
H-
n

























1 Alkaliphijous

























, Neutral

























n
I
o
C
in

























n
1
O
r>
n



























1,02
112

























-------
Parameters
Capnia promota Prison




       References
                                                                    Notes




a:



-H
tJ iJ
t-> C
•z.
\
c
to in
dO O
V4 -H
O

tM



n!
ij Qj
0) IJ
E 4-1
0)
f-
1
T3
•H >,
JO 4J
1-i fj
f->

4J
w
i-l
u
u

^H 4J
IJ 4-J
 c
e a;
U c£

c
v4
•a
QJ
01
u.

Acidobiontic
Acidoptii.lous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eu trophic
Mesocrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenotherraal
Metatherrnal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Lininobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Pheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epihenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Omnivcrc
Scavenger
o
O
tH












































X







(N
O
H



































X








X
X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































--































































































































































                                   153

-------
                                  Capnia quadntubsrosa Hitchcock


                                              References
                                                                               Notes







1
-H
u C
z
,
c
n m
60 U
M -H
O

c-t



ra
j- 
-------
     Parameters
Capnia ecob-Cna Jewett




       References
                                                                          Notes




«



•H
*-> C
K

C
TO ui
oo u
>-< -H
O

(M



tO
0) yj
B 4-.
t-
,
•o
.0
u
3
f->






rH
U
0)
O £C


U
i-l U
tu CD
•H U
O -H
w JD
(X «
tn x

/
> «
cu c
e m
U U)

c
1-1
13
4)
at
[u


AcJdoMontic
Acidophi lous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eu trophic
Hesocrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic ' .
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphi lous
Oligbxyphilous
Eu thermal
Hesothermal
01 igothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurythermal
EulichtophilouS
Mesolichtophilous
Pol ylichtophi lous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
L iron ophil DUE
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
SprinR
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
Herbivore
Oranivcrc
Scavenger

D
o



X































X








X
X

























































~l

































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































.

















































































































































































































































(80)  30-75  ppm m.o. alkalinity
                                         155

-------
            J'.-irntnetcrs
Capnia sextuber-culata Jewett


            References
                                                                                      Notes




X


,
•H
tJ 4J
4J C
2
1
c
n in
00 u
O

IN



tO
vi o>
0) 1-1
a. 3
£ "
m
t-
i
•o
n
id
3
M






rH
01
c
QJ
U X


fj
T-l 4J
uj ra
-H JJ
0 -^
OP J3
D. (0


1 0)
1-1 U

Ib

Acitiohiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphi lous
OliRoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Mctatherraal
Eurvthermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophijous
Limnobiontic
LimnopMlous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
RheobionCic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epihenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
EpixvlouS
Epiphvtic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
lifirbivore
Cimn ivc r c
Scavenger
tN
o
H



































X









X






c^l
^H
H


































X
X








X
X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































u

M >,
4) U
4J -H
o) w
3 -H
  «
ti O
                                                   156

-------
I'.-irnmetcrs
Capnia teresa Claassen




       References
                                                                     Notes




ffi
B.


1
•H
1-1 J->
•J C
3 
-------
            I'.'irnmctcrs
Capnia timida  Claassen


        References
                                                                                     Notes




K


1
•ri
I- "
u C
E
,
C
n to
00 U
^ -rJ
o

(M


,
(8
VJ .
& tl
VJ -H


i-l
C
U
V-
3
U

i-l 4J
n n
m -H
u cd



u
•H 4J
UJ 10
•H 4J
U -H
OJ JD
D. tfl
« X


1 0)
M U
ill C
e v
U 00
00
C
•H
13
V
V
Cu

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
OliRotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
FacuJcative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eutherraal
Hesothennal
01 3 go thermal
Steno thermal
Metathennal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Kheobioncic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixy]ous
Epipliytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
a
c












































X
X






CN
c:



































X








X
X






c












































X










































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































S co
(U -H
JS E
u

M 5".
1) 4J
                                                 158

-------
I'arnmetcrs
Capnia uintahi Gaufin




      References
                                                                    Notes




EC



•H
H J-l
4-" C
z
,
c
« w
00 U
^ -H
o

CM


1
ra
tw (U
01 ^
B, 3
E -u
0)
H
1
•o
•^ >.
JD 4J
\i -H
t--

4-1
C
1!
i-l
VJ
n
u

^^ w
« nj
VJ 4-1
flj -rJ
OJ ra
O X


u
•H W
IU tO
•H J-l
U -H
HI ^1
o. ro
w 3:


M U

-------
Capni-a umpqtia. Prison




      References
                                         Notes




X


,
-H
l-< 4-1
u C
3 
OJ l-i
B. 3
e j-1
V
H
1
•a
•H >v
Xj
a
!-.






r— i
P3
OJ
C
ai «
(j E


a
-H AJ
u-i m
•^ j-i
U -H
U J3
O, «
w 3:


1 OJ
lJ 0
at c
E a>
ua co
oo
c
•rJ
•13
4)
U
U.

Acidobiontic
Acidoplillous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
OliRoxyp^ilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurvthermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiont ic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Erobenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
o
o












































X
X






C-J
O


































X
>;








X
X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































       160

-------
            1'ar.imetcrs
Capni-a utahensis Gaufin & Jewett




             References
                                                                                  Notes




X


1
1-1
H 4-1
iJ C
3 J -H
o

CM



id
ij ai
0) >J
&. 3
£ u
0)
t-
,
T3
•H t^
ja u
ij -i-i
3

j-i
Ql
i-i
lj
3
u

i-l U
w «
14 4-1
III T4
oj n
o 3:


u
•H u
tw (fl
•H J-I
U -rt

-------
            Parameters
Capnia venosa (Banks)

       References
                                                                                  Notes




re


i
•H
»j ±j
4J C
3 Ol
Z
1
c
(9 W
00 U
M -H
o

c*i
O


,
w
Li 0)
a) iJ
D. 3
e u
01
E-
1
•a
-H x
ja 4j
1-1 -r4
t-

XJ
C
Ql
Li
Vi
3
U

•H 4-1
to ra
Ll 4-1
HI -H
C J
m ra



u
-H U
IM iO
•H U
U -H
oj jo
ex ra
V3 s:


1 Q)
H 
-------

            Parameters
Capnia vernalis Newport


        References
                                                                                Notes




EC


,
T-4
ij e
Hi
,
n
n w
M O
o

O-J



W
lJ U
01 ij
E *J
eu
H

•o
J5 U
!-• -H
D

u
ttJ
lj
O

f-V 4J
tj *J
Ol -H
C .3
QJ n
O ffi


u
•H U
u-i eg
~H 4J
U. -H

Q. ffl
Wl X


1 0)
H  C
W £iC

C
•H
tJ
4J
V
b,

Aciciobiontic
Acidopliilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothertnal
Stenothermal
Metathennal
Eurythernial
Eulichcophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Oimivorf
Scavenger
\c
a



































X









X






CT
O












































X







^H
O
.H



































X







X
X
X



X


o
o
.H



































X







X
X
X



X


-*
o
.H













































X
X





•o
o
H


































X






































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(101,103) leaf packs














jd u
3 -H
  X
                                                163

-------
             JVir.imcters
"apnia. wan-laa Prison



       References
                                                                                         Notes




a:



-H
4-1 C
z
,
C
ra tn
oo u
bJ -H
o

*
J3 u
ti 'H
a
i-

-4-1
C
01
u



r-l 4J
m B
HI -H
u ra



u
•H U
«M ni
-^i u
O -rH
ai -o
a. ra
w 3;


1 V
vj o
,
01 -u

eg  u


J-i O
                                                    164

-------
Parameters
Capn-ia willametta Jewett




         References
                                                                    Kbtes




X


1
-H
1 C
E
,
C
CO 0
U -r+
o

OJ


,
fll
i. a)
« ^
E 4J
V
E-
1
•a
.a u
>-• -H
M

4-1
01
1J
VJ
o


-------
          IVirnmeCcrs
Capnia zukeli Hanson



       References
                                                                                 PTotes

X
D,
1
T<
M *J
4-1 C
3 01
Z
C
CO 01
60 O
lJ -H
O
(N
O
Tempera-
ture
•a
•H >.
ja u
iJ -H
<^-
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
Feeding
Acidohiontic
AcidopMlous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxypbilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesotherroal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathennal
Eurytnermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobioncic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episdbulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epipliytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
c*
O
r*



































X









X









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-



































































































































































-



















































-





































































































































































































































































































































































































>>
1-1
•H
                                                166

-------
            Parameters
Chetmok-ri-lus erratus (Claassen)




            References
                                                                                 Notes




EC



T4
*J C
z.
1
C
eg in
tO O
o

CN



(0
U 0)
OJ ^
e -u
E-

3 >.
j3 u
V. -i-l
^-1

J-l
C
HI
u
VJ
u

^H *J
(ij (0
IJ 4J
ai 1-1
C -3
(U «
O EC


U
•rt 4J
Uj TO
•H 4-1
(J -H
(U ^1
n. ra
w 3:


1 OJ
>J 0

CM

Acldobiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetatherraal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Kheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Eplbenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
o
o
rH



































X

















-------
CD
OO
Other Water Chemistry, j
Toxicity, Misc. iFeedlng
t
o
-P-
o
ti
r1-
U)
fl>
(n

3
i






v>
1
ID
n
1-1

























Gunivcre

























Herbivore

























Predator


























Emer-
gence
Autumn

























Summer

X























w
-a
-i
3
T3
f"!
























Winter


























Specific
Habitat
3
j|
rt

























Epixvlous

























Epilithic

























Episabulic

























m
•d
re
H-
n

























Embenthic

























Epibenthic

























'
General
Habitat
Other

























Stream
X

X






















River
X
























a
3
D.

























r
n

























i-1
ro
to
h-1
(D
Current
Rheobiontic

























Rheoohilous

























Indifferent

























Limnophilous

























Limnobiontic


























Turbid-
ity
Oligolichtophilous

























Polylichtophilous

























Hesolichtophilous

























Eulichtophilous


























Tempera-
ture
Eurythermal

























j Metathermal


X






















Stenothermal

























Oligothermal


X






















HesothermaL

























Eutherma



























°2
o
w
o
•3
M-
O
c
in

























Mesoxyph
o
c
tn

























m
o
X
•a
3-
o
c
in


























Organ-
ics
in
O
"3
O
•o
O
n

























61
"oxenc
c
(n

























-n|oi
D QJ
o Sa
rr
01
rr
m

























O
•d
3-
n


























Nutri-
ent
e
«
M
o
•o
3"
n

























O
H-
O
rr
*l
O
3"
n

























| Hesotropl
H-
n

























Eutrophic



























PH
| Indifferent

























Alkalibiontic

























I Alkaliphilous

























1 Neutral

























( Acidophilous

























Acidohiontic



























102
104
122
























-------
    Parameters
Claasseni-a sabulosa (Banks)

         References
                                                                          Notes




ffi


,
•H
u C
Z
,
C
« w
CO O
M -H
o








<-*
PI
(U
V
m x


•H 4J
uj (0
•H 4J
O -rt
D XI
a. re
w a:


M U
01 C
e ai
W 00
00
C
-H
•o
ft)



































X
X




X











-»
in




















































m
>n






























X
X


X
X
X















iH
[^































X


X
X





X






X



u-l
CO




















































(s
o
.H


































X
X










X
X




^r
o
-H














































X





co
o

-------
      ('ammeters
aestivatis (Heedham & Claassen)

        References
                                                                           Notes

X
o.
Nutri-
ent
i
e
(0 01
oo u
tJ "H
o
C--I
o
1
n
)-i 01
0) vi
a. 3
e ^
*
i-
furbid-
ity
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
Feeding

Acldobiontic
.Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eu trophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oli^oxyphilous
Eu thermal
Me so thermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathennal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesol icht ophilous
Pol ylicht ophilous
01 igolichtoohilous
Linmobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rhcobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Erabenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixv]ous
Epiphytic
Winter
Sprinfi
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivci'f
Scavenger
^O
r-l


































X










X
X

X



-------
     IVirametcrs
Cultus deeisus (Walker)

       References
                                                                          Notes




ffi


1
•H
P -u
4J C
E
1
C
re m
CO U
>-. -H
o

r-l



HI
k' 0)
I) l-i
E *J
V
t-
1
13
•H X
ja ij
Ij -H
3
M

JJ
C
11
>-l
Ij
3
O

.H 4J
CO rt
l-i ij
OJ -H
C rO
01 to
o a=


u
•H U
LM TO
•H U
O -H
41 J3
o. re
w 3:


u o
OJ C
E 
-------
1'arnmetcrs
Cultus pilatus (Prison)




        References
                                                                     Notes

as
P.
TH
P "
*J C
3 OJ
2
1
C
to m
00 U
U -H
o
CN
O
Tempera-
ture
Furbid-
ity
Current
General
Habitat
Emer- Specific
gence Habitat
00
c
T-l
•a
at
u
IK
Acldohiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Olifioxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetathennal
Eurythennal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epipliytic
Winter
Sprinc
Summer
AutiLinn
Predatoi
Herbivore
ftnnivcre
Scavenger
N
s>
i-H


































X
X









X
n





o
i-H
i-H



















X














X
X









X






(N
•H
i-4


































X
X









X
X





























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-









































































































































































-




















                                   172

-------
Other Water Chemistry,
Toxicity, Misc.











Feeding
Scavenger

























Onmivcre

























Herbivore

























Freda
o
H


























Emer-
gence
Autumr


























Summe


X
X
X





















»
-i
3

X
M
X
X





















s:
3
rr
TO



























Specific
Habitat
M
i
rt
n

























PI
*
a>

























Pi
H-
H-
3"
o

























m|tfl
D)
o

























H-
TO
H-
n

























(7
benthic

























PI
H-
tn
3
rt
H-
n


























General
Habitat
o
TO

























tn
ream

X

X





















so
TO

X

X





















"0
a

























r-
rn

























h->
O
O
o
o
o
Ul
o
o
o
H-
Current
w
icobionti


























»
ro
1
H-
I—*
O
c


























M
different


























t-
3
3
O
•a
3-
H-
I-1
O
co

























f
mnobionti
O


























Turbid-
ity
o
igolichte
philous

























o
i— '
o
3-
o
shilous

























Hesolichtoi
hilous

























| Eulichtopha
i—1
o
d
in


























Tempera-
ture
PI
rt
TO
W


























I Metatherma


























[ Stenothf
3


























i Oligoth*
3
*--

























|Mesothe
3
to


























3-
"-1



























°2
2
H'
W
O
•<
H-
O
C
in

























\ Mesoxyp
E
c
(A

























| Euoxyph
o
to


























Organ-
ic s
M
U
O
>f
o
-3
3-
tr
H-


























| Saproxet
o
c


























| Faculta
H-


























S
O
a
3"
H-



























Nutri-
ent
! Dy strop
n


























n
o
rt
M
a
3"
n

























i Mesotroj
3"
H-


























| Eutroph
n



























PH
| Indiffe
(D
3


























1 Alkalib
o
3
n

























o
E
c
01

























i Neutral


























| Acidoph
o
in

























[AcidoMt
3
rr
O



























100
L02
108
L12























-------
            I'.'immetcrs
Despaxia augusta  (Banks)


        References
                                                                                  Notes




X



1-1
tJ U
*J C
z
,
C
ta m
ta u
** •*
o

cj



.
.0 4J
>-. -H


u
01
IJ
1J
U

•-I 4J
ifl n
U 4J
C ^3
u n
U ffi


u
•H 4J
>M m
•H u
U -H
oi -o
(X (0


1 0)
u u
V C
W 00
00
C
1-1
IS
4)
V
[h

Acidobiontic
Acidopliilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Ollgothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eury thermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
S t ream
Other
Eplbenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
•t
^j



































X










X
X




CN
r--



































X
















o
o
r-l



































X











X




OJ
o
iH



































X











X




-*
o
1-1














































X





o
•-t
H



































X










X
X




:N
-i
H



































X








x
X
X
X




(N
(N
I-l



















X

X













X























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(110) to high el
(122) 213,198,152m el

















       (72,104,110)   L.  glabra is a synonym.
M O
01 H

-------
I'.'immetcrs
Diploperla. duplioata  (Banks)




           References
                                                                      Notes




EC


,
ft
*J C
3 01
yz

e
re in
00 U
1* iH
O

f»J


,
«
Ij 01
03 ^
E "

-------
      I'.-irnmetcrs
                                Diura knoaltoni (Prison)
                                         References
                                                                           Notes




X


,
•H
1-i 1-1
" C
K
1
c
to to
oo u
tJ -rJ
o

rj



«0
>-< 
e
a;
O 3=


u
•H 4J
«-l (0
•H 4J
O -H
HI J2
a. re
w a:


) OJ
tJ U
u c
e *
W 00

c
•rJ
•a
V
u
iu


Acidohiontlc
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligochermal
SCenochermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophllous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtoohilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rhcobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Epi sabul ic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Omnivcrf
Scsvenr.cr

«D
m



X











X


X
















X

















vr
m





















































IO
tn































X


X
X

















c\
r^



X














X
X


X







X














X
X

x




o
CO



X































X









X







in
oo





















































IN
o
iH


































X
X









X
X






CO
O
i-f













































X




X


Ol
o
^


X











X



X
X


X











X
X









X
X






1-1
iH
iH


































X
X









X
X






r-j
^
rH


































X
X









X
X






rv.
i-H
H















X





































CO
.H
^H















X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































see below















(54) 7200-10300' el
(79) 1900-2000m el
(80) 1900m el
(85) 7800-7870' el
(109t 6500-9250' el
















02  (continued)
(36,117,118)  32% saturation
(80) 30-75 ppm m.o. alkalinity
                                         176

-------
I'.'irametcrs
Doddsia occidental-is  (Banks)
           References
                                                                      Notes




EC



i-l
M i-l
u C
3 
0) ^
g 4-t
(U
t-
1
T3
•H >x
.n u
la -H
3
n

JJ
<1J
iJ
Jj
3


•-( 4J
ra «
LJ 4-1
HI -^
0) (0
O S3


u
•H U
UJ tj
•rt 4J
O -H
d) ^i
CL ra


1 01
W CJ
OJ C
e 
-------
            J'.-irametcrs
Doroneia^ia thsodopa  (Needham & Claassen)


                 References
                                                                                   Notes

a:
OL.
Nutri-
ent
i
c
ra in
00 U
Vi -H
O
cT1
Q
D. 3
(U
•a
X* u
Jj -r-t
3
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
Feeding
AcidoMontlc
AcidopMlous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Olifiotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
OliRoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesotherroal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Pol ylicht ophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Au t umn
Predatoi
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
o
o
-H













































X
X





b
r-l


































^
X










X
X




o































X



X





X




X

x



o













































X
X





-t
-1
1-f


































X
X










X
X




1-1


































X
X









X
X
X




C-J



















x

X













X













































































































-































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-

































































































































































































































































































































































































(122) 213,198m el



(U u
« -H
« y
3 -H
  W
M O
V H
                                                 178

-------
Parameters
EceoptuPa xanthenes  (Newman)




           References
                                                                    Notes

X
CL
Nutri-
ent
i
c
« ta
M U
VJ -H
o
(M
O
Tempera-
ture
Turbid-
ity
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
Feeding
Acidohiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eu trophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathennal
Eury thermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limn ob ion tie
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
EpiliChic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Oimiverc
Scavenger
CTl
CO












X

X





































-*
o
1-1













































X
X


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































_





































































































































.-































































































































































































































-























                                   179

-------
     Parameters
Sueapnopsis brewicaud.a Claassen

            References
                                                                          Notes




a


,
•H
P JJ
u c
K
,
B
n m
OO U
O

(M
O



n


































X

















-*
^o













































X






CN
r~-



































X
















O
KJ



X































X









X
X





U"!
CO




















































CO
CTl




















































O
O












































X
X






CN
O



































X








X
X






<]•
O




















































CO
O













































X






Oi
O


X











K



X
X


X











X
X








X
X
X





o
^


































X
X









X






1-
1-1


































X
X








X
X






OJ
.-H


































X
X








X
X
X





CN
CN



















X

X













X
X













































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(54) >8500' el
(64) <6500' el

(SO) 1900m el
















General Habitat (continued)

(85)  9700' el
(98)  8800-9200' el
(109) 6750-9250' el
(110) to 1700' el
(122) 213,198,152m el

(122) spring

(80)  30-75 ppm m.o. alkalinity
                                         180

-------
      Parameters
Frisonia p-iat-ieeps (Hanson)
         References
                                                                           Notes




EC



•H
u C
z

C
te  p
ft"
S-
1
•a
•H >,
JS JJ
H -1
(3

tj
c
0)
1-1
b
3
U

^ 4->
« n)
w u
M «
•H 4J
U -H
U A
a a
VI X


1 01
M U
01 C
B u
UJ 00
M
•^
•o
01
U
ti4

Acidohlontic
Acidopbilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkallbiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophtc
Mesotrophic
Olifiotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprqphobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metatherraal
Eurythertnal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
a-
r--



X














x
X


X








X



X









X
X



X

c
OD



X































X









X
X





(N
O
fH


































X










X
X





o
rH
.H


































X
X









X
































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(79) 1670-2350m el
(80) 1900m el


















(80)  30-35 ppm CaC03 m.o. alkalinity
(110)  F.  walkeri is a synonym.
                                         181

-------
     l';irnmetcrs
Hastaperla brevis  (Banks)




        References
                                                                           Notes




ffi


1
T4
M u
ti c
2:
i
c
to m
CO 0
U T4
o

CM



a
la 01
01 L<
e •"
H
,
•a
J3 u
Vj -H
3

jj
111
I-
Ll
O

iH 4J
Vl u
U i-l
C .3
u ra
O 31


u
-H AJ
«w n
•H JJ
O -H
V J3
o. en


1 U
*J 0
ttl C
E 
-------
     I'.'irametcrs
Hastaperla oh-ilnualna Rlcker




          References




ffi



•H
H iJ
«J C
2
,
C
to «
OO o
O

r-i



re
Vw ID
01 >J
E 4J
H
,
•o
-0 4-1
•^ -A
f->

J-l
01
1-1
Vw
3
O

.H 4J
kj iJ
ai ~<
C ^3
11 fl)
O X


U
•^ u
u-i n
•H 4-1
O -H
Hi J3
D. «


1 fl)
01 C
e o»
U 00
00
C
T-l
13
4)
tl
tb

Acldohlontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesotherrnal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythennal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polyllchtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Linnopbilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
.Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Oronivcre
Scavenger
o
co



X































X










X





o
o
rH













































Y
X





CM
O
H



































X










X





CM
M
i-l



















X

X













X




























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































_













































































































































































































































































(100) 4000' el
(122) 68m el
(80) 1900m el

















(80)  30-75 ppm m.o. alkalinity
                                         183

-------
           Par nine tcrs
Hastaperla ovpha (Prison)


         References
                                                                                 Notes




sc



•H
4J C
z
,
C
to en
oo u
Ul -H
o

Csl


1
tO
lJ 0)
OJ l-l
a. 3
e ^
V
f-
1
•o
•^ >.
.n 4J
!_ -rl
t-l

^r
C
(U
-w
1J
3
o

^ 4-1
to rO
LI u
0) -rJ
c: ^
v «
u x


u
1-1 jj
t4J (0
•H 4J
(J -H
V -O
a. ra
w re


r o
H CJ
u c
e «
U CtO
oo
c
•H
•a
0)
Cb

Acldohiontlc
Acidoplii lous
Neutral
Alkali phi lous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxypliilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Hetathennal
Eurythermal
Eulichtopfiilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylich tophi lous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobioncic
Limnophilpus
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilichic
Epixvlous
Epiplivtic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
C>nn ivc r e
Scavenger
•&
a^






























X



X
X









X
X


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































S w
01 -H
                                                184

-------
     Parameters
Helop-iaus subvarians (Banks)

           References
                                                                          Notes




EC


,
-r4
it C
Z.

C
ffl U)
00 0
O

tN|
O



«
VJ HJ
0) Iw
e •"
H

3 >,
JZ
lj
3
l-i






-~t
t5 (I
flJ
41
ts a


u
-H U

-------
oo
en
Other Water Chemistry,
Toxicity, Misc. i
i
o
C M
^j
$ %
a w P
0 ° P.
fr §
•5 g.
rf, ^^
O ^, ^^
Iji OJ U>
o ^-^ ^^
r, M J>N)(1) bJUiui
p ui o o oa
O t> 13 0 S S B
e i_* B 0 -j ^,-^.^.
S 0 O O o
p » « -. M ro to
Bj H1
m D *- 4> *• M I-1
a- - P" P"
C. HI O- p. O.
ays, 50% surv General Habitat (continued)
ays, 50% surv (110) to 2000' el
ays, 20% surv (122) 152m el
(155) temporary str
, 100% mort
, 0% mort
29% mort in 72 hr
25% mort in 96 hr
on, toxaphene, lindane
Feeding
v>
S
<
re
-j
--i
n
i



X





















Omn ivc r c

























Herbivore

























Predator
X

X
X
X

M
M
X





X

X




X



i
i
Emer-
gence
Autumn


















X



X


.Summer

X


X
X












X
X
X

X
M
x
£
-i
3
n

X



X












X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Winter


























Specific
Habitat
3\Z
plivtic






M


















•/.
<
3
n








m m
-3 13
li thic






X
X



























x





sabulic

























m
•a
•a
ro
i

























Embenthic

























Epibenthic


























General
Habitat
Other












X












Stream
X
•^




X
X
X
X


X


X


X
X



X
X
River




X
(X






X





X





X
-0
o
3
CL.

























u
7T
(TJ

























(29) 9500' el
(54) 6900-10300' el
(98) 6900-11000' el
(109) 6500-7250' el
see below
Current
Rheobiontic




X







X

X




X





Rheoohilous












X












Indifferent

























Limnophilous
























Limnobiont ic








-
















Turbid-
ity
o
VJ.
30
O
1
:r
o
o
•3
3
n

























Polvlichtoohilous

























Mesolichtophilous

























Eulichtophilous





X



X
















Tempera-
ture
Eurvthermal






















X


Metathermal

X
X






x

X



X









Stenothermal

























o
t-t.
Of)
o
rt
rr
(D
3
31
I—1

X






X

X
X



X






X


Mesothermal


X


X

X

X





X






X
X

Eu thermal

























w
^j
H -P-
o o
Wi
O
1?
o
•a
rt
H-
H
°2
Oligoxyphilous

























Mesoxyphilous






X

X
X
X














Euoxyphilous





X








X







X


•fl !-• —.
re • u>
D a* a\
3" B "H
TJ 00 r-1
D h-1 •
5 i-
0 H
M CO
n
H r1
J>- 10
frugal
«
01 II
rt
Organ-
ics
Saprophobic









X















Saproxenous

























Facultative

























to
(U
T3
i-i
o
•a
3-
H-
h-*
H-
n


























Nutri-
ent
•-<
to
i-l
O
•a
•j-
-j'
->

























Oligotrophic

























Mesotrophic

























T1
n
i-*
O
•a
j
r1'
n


























PH
Indifferent

























Alkalibiontic

























Alkal iphilous





xj


M
X















Neutral






















X


Acidophi lous

























'Acidoblontic



























1
4
11
15
26
29
30
33
36
37
53
54
55
57
71
72
81
98
102
103
104
108
109
110
111


-------
                             Eesperoperla paaifiaa (Banks)  cont.
    r.-irnmetcrs
                             References
                                                                          Notes




X


1
-H
K u
" C
E
,
C
« tn
00 O
o


E u
0)
t-

•O
-1 >N
Xt 4-1
Vj -H
a
f-t

ij
01
SH
Li
3


rH iJ
tO CO
U 4J
OJ -H
C ^3
0) rt



u
•H U
LM to
••-( 4J
o •**
0) JD
a. nj
W ffi


i ai
VJ 0
01 C
E ai
W 60
W)
C
1-1
•o
41
OJ
bu

AcJdohlontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous -
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenotbermal
Hetachermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtoohilous
Linmobiontic
Limnopbilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rlieobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivt-.rc
Scavenger
^
H
r4













































X
X
X




vD
H
M



X


X








X




































r^
^1
^H



X










2



X





























X



»
-t
-\



X










X



X





























X



CTi
H
TH



X










X





































o
CN
1-t


X

















































rH
CN
f)



X










X



X
X

X






























Csl
t-4
1-1































X












































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-













































































































































































































































(120,117,118)

m.

m
see below











(117,118)
TL96 = 27°C, 70% surv
m
15°C, 31 days,
50% surv





























•
(29)  4.5-10.0 ppm CaC03 alkalinity
     0.5- 2.5 ppm C02
(119)  4,5,10,15,20,25,30 day TL  for
      DDT,  di-syston, dylox, tnaiathion,
      parathion

(121)  48,72,96 hr TL  for DDT, aldrin,
      dieldrin, endrin, parathion, malathion,
      guthion, bayer-29493, di-syston, dylox
        96
                                               (pH) continued
                                                    2.0X10"1* M HjSO^
                                              TL96 = pH 3.6, 2.5xlO~4 M HC1
                                                m
                                              (104) A. piffnila is a synonym.
(116)
DDT, malathion, parathion
                r
                                         187

-------
Parameters
Hydr-operla erosbyi (Needhara & Claassen)




               References
                                                                     Nbtes




ffi


,
•H
p JJ
jj C
z.
1
C
co in
M> u
M -H
O

r*j


I
(9
l-i Ol
HI L>
O. 3
E •"
01
t-
,
tj








•H
C1J CI
O>
C
01
U K


u
•H 4J

-------
    Parameters
fugitans (Needham & Claassen)




     References
                                                                         Notes




X



•H
H u
*J C
z
,
n
(0 W
00 O
tj -H
o

(M



«
V (J
E u

C
01
p
*4
3
U

r-i 4J
n n
l-i 4-1
HI -H
at n
o w


u
•H W
uj m
•rt U
U -H
OJ -Q
a m
co p:


1 01
w u
OJ C
g 0)
UJ CJ)
08
B
•H
•a
a)
01
CK

Acidobiontic
Acidophilous
Metitral
AlkalipMlous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oliftotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metacherrnal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Epissabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Ctnnivcrr
Scavenger
i-i
o
^


































X










X


s



-tf
o
H













































X






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-







(101)  H.  harti  is  a  synonym.
                                         189

-------
            I'jirnmetcrs
                                      Isoeapnia abbreviata Prison



                                               References
                                                                                  Notes




EC



—1
H U
4J e
•z.
,
c
CD Di
00 U
k. -rt
o

p-l



TO
hi O>
V i-i
C. 3
E •"
01
t-
1
T3
•H >,
ja i-i
U -H
D

i_»
01
^
u
u

^H *J
Ll 1-1
01 -^1
C .3
(J 3S


U
•rt U
1M «
•H 4J
0 -H
01 A
D. n


1 01
n u .
u C
e o)
U M
00
C
-r4
TJ
«
U
b

Acldohiontic
AcIdopMlous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligotherrnal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabnlic
Epilichic
Epixylous
_Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
Herbivore
ftnnivcre
Scavenger
o
c













































X






CN
O
H


































X
X








X
X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































j= a
U

M ^
                                                190

-------
Parameters
Xsocopnia agassisi  Ricker



       References
                                                                    Notes




re


i
w
M u
»J C
E
1
C.
TO w
M U
^i -H
o

CN



TO
l-i OJ
O >-
D. 3
e *j
OJ
E-
1
T3
-« >>
t-k -H
3

JJ
01
SJ
jj
O

i-* JJ
TO rt
0) -rJ
C ^J
0) (0
e> x


u
•H iJ
•H JJ
(J -rt

UJ Ml
60
•^
13
V
V
Cu

Acidohlontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eutherwal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Hetachermal
Eurytherraal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtoohilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
tierbivore
CViinivcrc-
Scavenger
(M
c


































X










X






o
<~t
rS


































X










X






































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































~























































































































                                   191

-------
                    Isoaapnia erinita  (Needham  &  Claassen)
I'.'ir.-imeters
References
                                                                       Notes




ffi


,
-H
P 4J
*J C
E
I
C
CO U)
60 U
\4 -H
O

CM



(0
Ij 01
0) L.
E 4-1
U
E-
t
T3
•H »s
lj
3
t-<






f-l
ftf
Vj
QJ
u a
O ffi


CJ
•H U
tu to
••H 4-1
O -H
0) Xl
o. w
w 3:


1 O
w a
01 C
e u
bJ 00
CO
C
*r1
•a
0)
01
LK

Acidohiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkallbiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Olipotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
S.iprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurv thermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 Jgolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Lirnnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
Herbivore
Ounivcre
Scavenf.ci
-*
in




















































u-i
u^


































X


















-------
     l'.-i rnme tors
Isocapnia grandis (Banks)




        References
                                                                           Notes




EC



•H
t-" C
•z
I
e
n w
00 U
^ -H
o

c-j



nj
V- OJ

Vj
O

.H 4J
VJ iJ
OJ -H
C ^J
H
0> j3
Q. ro


i aj
u o
S c
W 60

c
f<
•o
m
a)
U-

Acldohlontld
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophtc
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Kesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothennal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetatherrnal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Liirmophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcrc
Scavenger
(N
r~-



















X














X

















-a-
co


































X



X













o
o
1-t












































X
X






oj
o
iH


































X
X








X
X






-*
o
r-l













































X






OD
O
•M













































X






O
^H
M


































X










X






H
M
^


































X










X






CN
^1
H


































X










X























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(72) low elevations



















(72)  I.  fumigata is a synonym.
                                         193

-------
            I'.'ir.imetcrs
Isocapnia hyalita  Ricker




        References
                                                                                   Notes




ffi


,
•H
u C
Z
,
G
IB w
ad u
O

r*l



ra
HI Li
£ 4-1
E-
1
T3
-t >.
A -1J
U T^
D
t-<

1-1

-------
            Pyrometers
Isocapnia missoiwii, Ricker

        References
                                                                                  Notes




re


,
i-<
>J -U
•LJ C
3 a;
K
,
C
ffl en
oo o
IJ -H
o

(M


1
w
l-i 0)
1) V4
E "
01
t-
1
T3
•H X
lj
D
t-<






t-H
tlj n
LJ
QJ
01 "ii



U
•H JJ
It! (0
•H U
O -H
(D J3
o. m
W X


M cj
e m

M
C
1-(
T)
«
0)
Cu

Acidobiontic
Acidoplillous
Neutral
Alkal ipMlous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
OliROtrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyph: lous
Olifioxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Met a thermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polyllchtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
RheoDhilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Epi.sabulic
Epilithic
Epixv^cms
Epiphytic
Winter
SprinR
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivore-
Scavenger
^
«


































X



X













«
o
1-1













































X






•H
.-)
.H



































X









X






CS!
1-1
TH


































X
7,









X
















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































•

































































































































































































































-

































































































































































































































































































01 J-l
4J -H
ffl O
                                                195

-------
to
en
Other Water Chemistry, ]
Toxiclty, Misc. iFeeding
i









VI
n
TO
3
13
ra
M

























>ATUIUQ


























IB
i
a-
M
O
ra

























Preda
o
H


























Emer-
gence
Autumi


























Summc


























•c
-i
H-
3

X
X
X






















Wintei

X

























Specific
Habitat
y


























?
o
Ul

























•S1
3-

























Pl
•o
CJ
— '
1

























w
TJ
T!
re
H-
n

























Embenthic

























Epibenthic


























General
Habitat
3"
TO
i-l

























Stream

























River

X
X






















o
3
n.















-








r-
u
m


























Current
Rheobiontic

























Rheoohilous

























Indifferent

























Limno
I


-





















Limno
jiontic


























lurbid-
ity
o
0
O
ichtoohilous

























~a
o
H'
chtophilous

























He sol
chtophilous
























m
c
M-
n
ntophilous


























Tempera-
ture
Euryt
TO
W
I—1

























He tat
lermal

























Steno
.hennal

























o
i—1
M.
O
.hermal

























Hesot
ro

























w
r-t
ID
CJ


























°2
o
•5
O
typhilous

























Hesox
/philous


-





















m
c
o
X
pllilous


























Organ-
ics
in
CJ
-o
1
o
o
D-
H-
n

























Crt
tt)
-o
O
tenons

























S1
c
h--
:ative

























C/)
01
o
3-


























Nutri-
ent
Uystr
•a
n
























o
o
o
•a
n

























Mesoc
o
•a
3-
H-
n

























Eutro
:r
n


























pH
1-1
3
cu
;erent

























i— '
ibior.tic

























1 Alkal
iphilous

























Nentr


























n
H-
T"
ilii lous

























i Acidohiontic



























100
102
110
























-------
Parameters
Isoeapnia vedderens-is (Ricker)




          References
                                                                     Notes




EC


1
•H
lJ U
u C
X
1
C
CD 10
00 U
>J -H
o

CM


1
(0
Jj ,
xi u
I- -H
D
r->

Li
C
ai
IH
lj
a


r-H 4J
CO Id
LJ 4-1
U -H
C ,3
« (0
O K


U
•H *J
•H J-l
0 -H
V -D
a n
w K


1 V
fc« 0
S c
6 
-------
            r.irametcrs
Isoqenoid.es colubpinus (Hagen)


           References
                                                                                  Nbtes




X



•H
iJ C
z
,
C

V
01
bu

AcldoMontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Hesothennal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetatherraal
Eury thermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Litnnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
ftnnivcre
Scavenger

-------
                                     Isogenoi-des elongatus (Hagen)
            Parameters
References
                                                                                  Notes




re



•H
H iJ
•u C
•z.
1
C
tO V)
60 U
O

r-l



to
Vj 01
01 ^
E *J
H
,
•o
,0 iJ
J-l -H
f-

4-1
QJ
fcj
ki
3
u

^H u
Vl 4-1
 c
Ui 00

C
1-<
TJ
.
V u
M -H
TO 
-------
                                   Isogenoides  fpontal-is (Newman)

                                                References
                                                                                  Notes




X


,
•H
H *J
«-" C
•z.
1
C
eg in
on u
M -rf
o

nl


1
tfl
>J 01
0) LI
E w
0)
t-
1
13
-1 >.
ja u
Li 'H
D
f-t


QJ
Li
Vl
O

•-H 4J
« B
LJ JJ
1) -H
C .3
U CO
O ffi


u
-H t)
*M «
•H iJ
U "-1
OJ £
0. ffl


1 01
H 0
(U c
e 
-------
            r.-ir.imetcrs
Isogenoides olivaeeus  (Walker)


          References
                                                                                   Notes




X



-H
t-i C


c
tg w
M <->
o

IN



TO
lj O
0) vi
e *j
H

•o
•H >.
.n u
l-i -H
3
f-i

u
CJ
)-i
Li
U

^H -u
Vj 1-1
Q> -H
C r=
(U n
o •x.


ti
•H U
UJ 10
•H 0-1
U -H
O, ffl
w 3:


1 (U
0) C
Ul CO
00
c
•^
•o
4J
01
tu

Acldohiontic
Acidopliilous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkali fa iontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
S.iprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Hesothennal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metatherrnal
Eurvthermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Lirnnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rlieobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Erabenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Oranivcre-
Scavenger
CO



















X















X









X
X


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































M >,
(U 4J
*J Tf
a u
                                                201

-------
                                     Isogenoides  vapians  (Walsh)



                                               References
                                                                                  Notes




IE


,
•rf
•u C
•z.
1
C
to in
60 O
Li -H
o

p-J



ra
14 01
0) t-i
e ^
H
,
•a
J3 4J
Vi 'H
3
[-•

u
01
Li
Vj
O

i— r iJ
VJ JJ
HI -H
C ^3
in ra
O X


u
-rH U
IH <0
U -rH
01 -0
a. n
w a:


1 0)
M U
(U C
U! 00
00
C
•rJ
•o
«
0)
U-,

Acldohiontic
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesocrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphi lous
Oligoxyphilous
EuChermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenotherraal
Hetathennal
Eurvtherraal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnopliilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Kheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Eplbenthic
Erabenthic
Epipelic
Eplsabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatoi
Herbivore
Omnivc.re
Scavenger
>o
CT-



































X
















H
o
H













































X






-a-
o
H













































X









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































S tn
0) -H
J= E
                                                202

-------
Parameters
Isogenoides sionensis  Hanson




         References
                                                                    Notes




EC



•rt
u c
z
1
c
TO U)
M O
O

f-J



ra

-------
            I'virninetcrs
Isoperla bellona Banks




      References
                                                                                   Notes




re


1
•H
^ 4-1
«-i C
3 HI
z
,
C
tij in
OO U
U -rt
O

IN


,
ra
Vj HI
OJ M
D. 3
E *J
0)
H
1
T3
•H X
l-i -H
D

j_]
C
01
1-1
3
u

^-1 W
« CO
01 M
01 n



u
•H U
IM to
T-( 4-t
U -H
U -O
o. n
w x


VJ P
o> C
e u
bJ Ml
t>0
C
-r<
•a
0)
bu.

Acldohlontic
AcidophJ lous
Neutral
Alkal iphijous
AlfcalibionCic
Indif ferent
Eu trophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
UysCrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Sapropltobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Me so thermal
01 igothennal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurvthermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtoohilous
Linmobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rlieobionnic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Epi.sabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphvcic
Winter
Sprinp
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivorc
Scavenger
O













































X
X


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































S Efl
                                               204

-------
I'/irametcrs
a bilineata (Say)




References
                                                                     Notes




a



•H
•U C
z.

n
(0 M
en u
O

01



«



































X






X

X

X
X





.H
o
-H


































X








X

X
X





M
o
-H



































X









X


*



-*
o
H




















































n
1-1
^H
















































X
X







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                  205

-------
Parameters
Isoperla burksi  Prison




     References
                                                                    Notes




ffi


,
T4
jj C
Z
,
c
a in
00 W
VJ -H
o

p-l



fl
v. ai
HI ki
D. 3
E •"
SJ
H

•o
ri
l<
e-<






•H
































X


X








X

X


X
















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                  206

-------
                                        Isoperla  olio  (Newman)
            Pnrametcrs
                                               References
                                                                                 Notes




PS



•H
tJ C
z
I
C
n w
60 O
o

ts



TO
l-i U
0) lJ
e *•
,
l-i
(-<






T— 1
flj

a. «


1 0)
M U

U1



X










X




X

X









X



X












X



o
^o



X










X



X
X


X






















X


X



r^.
r~-
















































X



85% sat
see below















(115) intermittent str
(3) temporary str
(59) 130-145m el


(101,113) leaf packs










(82) preference for
mayflies


3 -r-l
      02  (continued)
      (60) 9.2-14.8 mg/1 02, 95-115% sat
(59)  4-13 mg/1 free C02
     100-230 rag/1 alkalinity
(60)  0-10 mg/1 free C02
     100-229 mg/1 CaC03 alkalinity
(28,101)  I,  aonfusa is a synonym.
                                              207

-------
            I'.'ir.imetcrs
                                  Isopevla eotta  Ricker



                                         References
                                                                                  Notes

y.
P.
Nutri-
ent
c
to f>
00 U
M -H
o
p-i
o
Tempera-
ture
Furbid-
ity
Current
General
Habitat
Specific
Habitat
Emer-
gence
Feeding
Acidobiontic
Acidophi lous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetatherraal
Eurvthermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Pol ylicht ophilous
03 i go licht ophilous
Limnobiontic
Limno ph il ous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
ttnnivure
Scavenger
n



































X










X





o
-sT



x














X
X


X












X









X
X





rH
-3"













































X
X





^1
•c


X
















X


X












X
















r-.
r-.
















































X



































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-


















































































































































































































































































































—























S »
a) -H
-c E
(40)  162-234 ppm CaC03 alkalinity

     222-320 ppm CaC03 hardness

     395-600 ymhos conductivity




(61)   14-18 ppm CaC03 alkalinity
                                               208

-------
           P.-immeters
Isoperla aoushatta Szczytko & Stewart



               References
                                                                                 Notes




X



•H
lj U
u C
a

c
to in
oo o
L. -H
O

c^



rc
Vj Ol
V M
e *j
u
h-

•o
-O J-l
U -r4
(3

j-i
at
LJ
V4
o

iH 4-1
i- 4J
<1) -H
C ^
U X


u
•H 4J
U-l (0
•H iJ

-------
I'.-irnmctcrs
Isoperla deaepta Prison




        References
                                                                     Notes




X
n.


1
1-t
H 4-1
*-> e
3 a>

i
c
ra en
00 u
tJ -H
O

CM
O


I
to
v. 01
D. 3
E "
d>
t-
,
•a
-i x
V. -H
D
t-i

4-J
C
VJ
3


-H 4J
M to
U i-l

-------
I'.-immetcrs
Isoperla denning-i Jewett




       References
                                                                     Notes




EC



•H
AJ C
K;
i
d
to 01
u> u
O


-------
                                  Isoperla dicala. Frison




                                        References
                                                                          Notes




X



•H
4J e
z

c
oo u
H -H
O

(V



M .
ii as
HI U
E ^
w
f-
i
•a
-1 >,
ja u
ij -^
3
i-"

iJ
C

M U
0) C
E 01
W M
oo
C
1-1
• -a

-------
           I'.-irametcrs
Isoperla ebria (Hagen)


      References
                                                                                Notes




X



•rl
«-» e
z.
,
C
<0 in
ao u
o

CM



«
lj 0)
V ^
6 "
^
J3 4J
1- -H
t-.

jj
<1)
S-i
^
3
O

.H 4J
lj U

Cu

Acldobiontlc
Acidopliilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Ssprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eutherrnal
Mesothennal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Hetathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Linmobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
ttnn ivc r c
Scavenger
•-]



































X












X



to
oo




















































03
<3\




















































o
o
rH













































X
X





IN
o
H


































X
X









X
X





fj
o
M













































X
X

X



-3-
o
rH













































X
X





<^
o
rH



































X









X
X





o
fH
H


































X
X









X
X





nH
r-l
•-t


































X
X









X
X





c-l
iH
r-t


































X
X









X
X





IN
£N
T-l



















X

X













X


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(85) 9700-10560' el
(98) 8500-11000' el
(109) 7000' el
(122) 213,152 m el
















      98,109)  P.  ebria  is  a synonym.
ffl U

373
M O
                                             213

-------
                                 Isopsrla f-risoni lilies
      Parameters
References
                                                                           Votes




s


1
-H
w C
z
,
C
ra m
eo u
k> 1-1
o

CM


,
(fl
)- V
dJ 1-
d. 3
e *j
0)
H

T3
-H >,
.0 U
1* -^
f--

LJ
C
<1>
iJ
Ij
3
O

nH 4J
n ra
V4 U
01 -H
e ,3
oi ta

-------
     IVir.itncters
               Isoperla fulva Claassen

                       References
                                                                          Notes




X



•H
ij c
K

C
ffl 0)
oo u
H -H
o

CM



ra
V. 
E-

3 >,
,£>
14
D
E-.







01
C
u «
e> W


u
M iJ
u-< (0
•H JJ
u -H
oj jo
O. fO
W X


1 01
LJ 0
QJ C
e u
fcU CO
00
t-t
-a
u
a)
u.

Acidohiontic
Acidophilous
Ne;itral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Sapropliobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
OliRoxyphilous
Euthennal
Hesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rhcobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Eynbenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili thic
Epixylous
Epipliytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Omnivc-rt
Scavenger
iO
(N


































X













X
X


o
01


















X


X









X



X







X






X

VD
CO



X










X
X



X















X
















r-^
f~>














X
X


X
X

X


X









X






X










r*l
IJ"1














X
X




































o-
U~l




















































m
iri






























X
X


X
X
X















r~t
t~~














X
















X



X





X






X




-------
            Parnmetcrs
Isoper-la fusaa Needham & Claassen



             References
                                                                                    Notes




=c


1
-I-l
u C
2:
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c
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n
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ai v.
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Acldohiontlc
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibior.tic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophi lie
Facultative
Saproxcnotis
Snprophobic
Euoxypliilous
Hesoxyphi lous
Oligcxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothernal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polyllchtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
RheoohiZous
Rlieobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epihenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabiilic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epipliytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predatot
lierbivore
Cranivcrc
Scaven^cr
o
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X









X
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B as
0) -H
.c S
M >.
0} 4J

•W -H
                                                216

-------
Parameters
Isoperla gravitans  (Needham & Claassen)




             References
                                                                    Notes




X



•H
u C
•z.
1
c
to w
W) U
o

M



tfl
\4 OJ
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e "
a)
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,
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JJ
c
(U
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kj
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T-l 4J
to re
VJ JJ
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D. n
w a:


1 0)
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01 C
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UJ 00
00
C
T-l
T3
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Acidohiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkalipfiilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphi lous
OliRoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
01 i go thermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Liranophilous
Indifferent
Rhcoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epili-thic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
tVnnivcre
Scavenger
tN
o
iH



































X
X








X






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                                  217

-------
I'.'irnmctcrs
Isoperla lata Prison




     References
                                                                     Notes




a=


,
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1-1 4J
u-i to
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-------
Parameters
Isopepla lon.gi.seta Banks




       References
                                                                     Notes




X



1-1
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'
                                   219

-------
                                 Isoperla marlynia Needham & Claassen
                                               References
                                                                                  Notes




ffi


,
-H
>4 1J
U C
=1 

i_>
c

-------
           I'nrntnetcrs
Isoperla mawnorata  (Needham & Claassen)


               References
                                                                                 Notes




ffi



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,
C
Q W
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-------
1'nr.imetcrs
Isopevla, maxana Harden & Mickel




          References
                                                                      Notes




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"




























































































































                                  222

-------
            r.-iramctcrs
Isopevla mohyi Prison


      References
                                                                                  Notes




X



TH
4J C
E
,
C
00 U
o

CM



ffl
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Acidohiontlc
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epipliycic
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Spring,
Summe r
Autumn
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lierbivore
(Xnnivcrc
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B 13
0) -H
.C S
                                               223

-------
                                        Isope?la montana. (Banks)


                                               References
                                                                                  Notes




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,
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AcidohJontic
AcidopliI lous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oli^otrophic
Dys trophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
He ta thermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Prcdatoi
Herbivore
Oranivort
Scavenger
CO
oo

X












X
X


X












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(83) 1281-1400f el



















S M
0) -H
J= E
                                               224

-------
                             Isopevla mormona Banks
J'.-irametcrs
References
                                                                     Notes




X


1
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1
C
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1 
-------
            I'.-ir.imctcrs
Isoperla nana  (Walsh)



      References
                                                                                   Notes




X


)
1-t
P u
iJ C
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1
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1 O)
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W DO
oo
C
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4)
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u<

| Aclciobiontic
Acidoplillous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphi Ions
Olisoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Mctathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtoohilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheonhilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
EpiphvCic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivorf
Scavenger
n












X






















^
Y








X






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CN



X









X
X



X


X













X

















-------
I'ammetcrs
Isoperla orata Prison



      References
                                                                    Notes




K


t
•H
K 4-1
4-> C
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,
C
tlj U)
00 U
U -H
o

CM


1
«
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TH U
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a -H
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W M
Ml
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13
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El4

Acidohiontic
Acidophlloi(s
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalifaiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metachermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mcsolichtophilous
Polylichcophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
tXnnivcrr
Scavenger
CO
CN



X









X
X



X


X













X
















-a


















X


X























X






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CT>






























X




X





X




X








































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                  227

-------
1'arnmetcrs
Isoperla patriaia Prison



       References
                                                                    Notes




X



•H
M 4-1
4J C
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,
c
to m
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U -H
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(0
lj V
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1 0)
14 0
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e 
-------
J'.-iramctcrs
Isoperla pstersoni Needham & Christenson




                References
                                                                     Notes




as


,
i-l
to JJ
u C
3 01
SZ
1
C
,
i-
3
f"






iH
CQ (1
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X










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X
X








X
X
X





-------
           r.'ir.imetcrs
Isoperla phalerata (Smith)



         References
                                                                                  Notes
•



EC



•H
u C
z
,
C
CD CO
00 U
O

P>l



M
>- 01
01 l-i
e *j
t-
i
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.0 J U
01 C
W 00
DO
C
1-t
TJ
4t
V
fe

AcJdohiontlc
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesocrophic
OliRotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
01 i go thermal
Steno thermal
Hetathermal
Eurythermsl
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scsvenrcr
-3-
O



































X





























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































0 CO
                                              230

-------
Parameters
Isoperla p-inta Prison




     References
                                                                    Notes




«



•H
*J C
K
1
C
n m
00 U
O

fM



CO
>-. OJ
0) M
E •"
ID
H
,
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V. 'H
3
f-

u
d
HI
M
Vi
U

iH iJ
ra ra
LI ij
0) -H
C ^
ai ra
O ffi


o
•H *J

-------
                                   Isoperla qulnquepimctata (Banks)
                                              References
                                                                                Notes




:£


i
•H
t-l 4-1
iJ C
E
1
C
n en
oo o
O

(N


!
(0
lJ 0)
0) l-l
e ^
u
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i
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V. -H
3
f->

u
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lj
3
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m n
U X


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u-i to
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O -H
at _a
a, ra


t at
a) c
E 
-------
J'.-irametcrs
Isopevla rainieva Jewett



       References
                                                                     Notes




EC


1
-i-l
H iJ
•u C
•z.
\
C
to en
co o
^ -H
o

CM


1
«
ij 0>
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01
01
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U
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a. m
w a:


t 5ctathemial
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hcsolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilichic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Uinter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
ftiinivcre
Scavenger
Nl
p
H



































X










X



































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































1














































































































































































                                  233

-------
            I'.-irnmetcrs
Isoperla z-ichardsoni  Prison


        References
                                                                                   Notes




tt


,
•H
H U
jj c
3 01
S£
I
C
ra w
M CJ
(J -H
o

IM


1
TO
vi ai
01 M
e ^
»
J3 JJ
l-i -H
3
S-.

-4-1
C
HI
^
Vl
3
U

i-i 4J
rt rt
<11 T4
C -0
a) ra



CJ
TH W
U-l «
•H U
0 -H
HI Xi
a. to
w re


1 0)
1-1 U
a> C
E v
w ao
M
C
1-1
•o
0)
Cb

Acldohiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alk.iliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Snprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurvthermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixv]ous
Epipliytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Craniverc
Scavenrcr
m


































X










X
X





IT1
r>



X









X
X



X


X













X
















\c
o-



































X.






X



X





c


































X










X


X



f
















































X




























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































E m
01 -H
J= E
                                               234

-------
I'jirametcrs
Isoperla sagittata Szczytko & Stewart




             References
                                                                     Notes




X



•H
•u C
2
I
c
« M
M O
O

rs|



rt
at >j
e "
E-
,
•a
,i"»
V.
3






^-1

u o
V C.
B 01
W 00

c
•rl
•a
V
a>
u.

Acidohlontic
Acldoplii lous
Neutral.
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
En trophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dys trophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphi lous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthennal
Mesotherraal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Meta thermal
Eurvthermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rbeobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
herbivore
Onmivcrc
Scavenger
vt
TH
H































X



X






X
X
X











































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(114) leaf debris








                                  235

-------
1'nr.line tors
Isoperla si.gna.ta  (Banks)




       References
                                                                        Notes




a;


i
1-1
ii C
z
1
C
ao u
o

(SI



«
V- QJ
U |J
Q. 3
e u
01
t-
1
TJ
—1 >,
£i 4J
1- 'H
3
t->

4_>
OJ
iJ
V-
3
o

^( 4J
TO re
LJ i-i
a; -H
C ^

V
Ch

AcJdohiontic
Acidoplillous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibjontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Olieotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligochermal
Stenothermal
Hctatherraal
Eurythennal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Linmobioncic
Limnophilpus
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rlieobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Aut iimn
Prcdatoi
Herbivore
Omnivcre
Scavenger
o



































X









X






CO
(N



X









X
X



X


X













X
















r^
r-

















































X


tD
CTi































X



X









X
X





fl
c



































X









X
X

X



-3-
o
<-*













































X
X





fl
i-H
H
















































X


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                   236

-------
            I'.'irametcrs
Isoperla simil-Ls  (Hagen)




       References
                                                                                  Notes




a:



•r*
*J C
E
,
C
to u
00 U
o

CM



n
W 01
ffl U
E u
H
,
•a
.Q u
IJ -H
3
t-.

jj
C
01
l-i
V-
3
O

rH tJ
V U
U -H
C -0
u n
u a


u
•H JJ
tH m
•H U
U -r<
(U JD
Q. R]
w a:


1 01
^ U
OJ C
e a;
U 60
M
C
•rl
•o
V
Cb

Acldohiontic
Acldophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Hesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epihenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Oranivcrf
Scavenger
CO
o
1-1



































X









X


X



-3-
O
•-1













































X
X





























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































-c S
                                               237

-------
1'nr.imetcrs
Isoperlo. slossonae (Banks)




        References
                                                                     Notes




ffi


1
•H
M u
•u c:
•z.
,
c
(0 10
oo u
VJ -ri
O

(N


,
tO
lj H)
0) ki
e *>
u
t-
,
•a
-H Ss
Jl 4J
lj -H
3
t-

-o
C
-
U

-H iJ
tU IB
flj ~r\
C ^1
v m
u 5:


u
•H U
•H  c
e w
u w

C
•rt
T3
4)
Q)
Hw

Acidobiontic
Acitiophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxcnous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthennal
Hesothertnal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Hetathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
MesolichtopMlcms
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Lirnnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
Omnivcrc
Scavenger
r^i



































X









X






r-~
r-.

















































\


i-D
<^


































X
X






X
X

X






^r
O
•-I




















































CO
1-1
rH
















































X


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(98) leaf packs









                                  238

-------
1'arnmetcrs
Isoperla sordida Banks




      References
                                                                    Notes




w



•H
H iJ
•u C
SZ
,
C
ffl EO
M u
kJ -H
o

CM


1
ra
l-i 01
OJ ^
a. s
6 "
(U
H
1
•o
-H X
XI iJ
1-1 -1-1
3
S-

u
C
Q)
l-i
u
3


nH 4J
« nj
u u
0) T*
U «



O
•H U
v-i a
•H U
U -rt
V -O
o. ca
w x


i a)
M U
OJ c
e v
UJ 60
00
C
1-1
•a
u
u
fe

AcJdohlontic
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkal iphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Hesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Hetatherraal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
LinmobionCic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Erabenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivc.rt
Scavenger
c
c













































X






OJ
C


































X
X










X
X




fj
1-
r-


































X
X









X
X
X




l>)
(N
i-H



















X

X













X






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                 239

-------
                                Isoperla transmarine Newman



                                        References
                                                                           Notes




X



•H
H 4J
4-1 C
E
,
C
to in
00 U
1J -H
O

M



w
Vd QJ
0) iJ
D. a
E u
m
t-
i
T3
-H >.
^1 4-1
1- -rj
3
l-i

u
C
01
^
1-
U

fH J-l
(TJ (0
U iJ
(1J T-(
C ^1
u ra
o x


u
•rt iJ
UJ tfl
-•H JJ
U TH

-------
Pararoetcrs
Isoperla trictura (Hoppe)




       References
                                                                     Notes




K


,
•H
H U
« C
3 HI
•z.
,
C
eg n
00 U
U -H
o

CM


1
«
tJ QJ
HI \->
E •"
fr-

•a
•H >v
J3 U
lJ -H
3
M

JJ
Q)
Sj
Vi
O

tH 4J
n ro
LI ij
ai -H
C ^3
aj rt
C5 ffi


u
•H 0
IH (0
•H U
0 -H
(U JO
D. TO
w a:


1 V
01 C
e v
td 00

C
•^
tJ
41
0)
fcu

Acldobiontic
Acldopliilous
Neutral
AlkalipMlous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
OliRoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesotherroal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathermal
Eurytherroal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Linmobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheophilous
Rheobioncic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
OLher
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixy]ous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
CXnnivorc
Scsvenp.cr
o
o
-H













































X






t-4
O
•-I



































X









X
X





o
tH
^H


































X
X









X
X





M
H
r-t


































X
X









X
X





CM
(N
H


















X
X

X













X






































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































\














(100) 3880-4000' el
(122) 68 m el



















-------
                            Kathroperla pepdita Banks
l';irnmetcrs
References
                                                                     Notes




ffi



1-1
U i-1
4J C
3 0)
2
1
C
ra en
00 U
O

e-l



W
V4 0)
m j-i
B •"
HI
E-
1
T3
-H >.
J3 U
1- •H
t-

4J
C

-------
1'arnmetcrs
Kogotus alameda (Needhara & Claassen)




             References
                                                                    Notes




a:



t4
u u
u C
z
,
C
n) n
oo u
VJ -H
O

CM



ta
kd 0)
QJ t^
D. 3
E 4J
ID
E-
1
•a
-i x
J3 JJ
)-i f-(
3

i-i

-------
                            Kogotus modestus  (Banks)
1'arnmetcrs
References
                                                                      Nbtes




as


t
Tl
U iJ
4J C
3 HI
•z.
,
C
(0 w
00 O
ti in
o

OJ


1
eg
^ 01
m LI
a 3
e *j
4)
H
,
T3
-< >»
Xj T
t-






i-l
QJ
C
v n
u x


u
•H u
UJ «
•H u
(J TH
OJ J5
o. ra
to X


1 
O
r-(



































X









y
y





iH
i-l
iH


































X
X









X
v





<^j
^H
i-l


































X
X









y
y

































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(54) >8500' el
(98) 8000-11600' el
(109) 7250' el


















-------
     IVir.imetcrs
Kogotus nonus (Needham & Claassen)




            References
                                                                           Nbtes




EC



irf
U C
5=

Su
u
o

ts



n
OJ tj

H

*a
ja u
k< -p-t
•3

4-1
C
o
U
lj
U

rH W
B ffl
Ll 4J
01 -H
u n
U EC


u
•H 4J
*H (B
•H JJ
0 -H
0) XI
a. n
w w


M U
2 c
E m
W M>
M
C
-rl
•o
V
01
u,

Acldobiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Sapropliobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthermal
Mesotherrnal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Metathennal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Hesolichtophilous
Polylichtophllous
01 igolicht ophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
EpixylouS
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
lierbivore
ttnnivcrc
Scavenger
in
^-1



































X














X

M
r-.



















X















X
















O
CO



X































X










X





o
o
.H













































X
X





Cvt
O
rH


































X
X









X
X





•*
o
rH




















































o
H
1-1



































X










X





Cv|
p-l
r-l


































X
X









X
x
X




r-l
C-J
rH



















X

fc













X

































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































(72) low-mid el
(80) 1900 m el
(122) 198 m el

















(80)  30-75 ppm m.o. alkalinity
                                        245

-------
            I'.-irnmetcrs
Lednia tumana  (Ricker)



      References
                                                                                    Notes




X


,
-H
u C
z
,
C
CD in
00 <->
o

eM


,
j a)
01 1-
e «
t-
,
•o
.0 1J
U -H
f->

XJ
<1)
VJ
1J
3
O

.-( 4J
n a
lj U
0) -rt
C ,3
oi n
O EC


u
i-l U
UJ Ifl
•F-I U
U -H
01 X)
o. «


1 01
0> C
Ut 00

C
1-t
•a
«
a>
u.

Acldohlontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkallphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eu trophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eury thermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
01 igolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
RheoDhilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Eplbenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
SpririR
Summer
Au t umn
Predator
Herbivore
ftnnivure
Scavenger
tv














































X


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































M >.
0) 4J

u -H


-------
JVirnmeters
Leuatra biloba Claassen




      References
                                                                    Notes




K



•H
u C

,
C
00 y
o

tM



ra
>-i 4)
0) tJ
D. 3
e «
H
,
~v .
.0 JJ
ij -H
I-J

iJ
C

U 0

-------
            I'.-irametcrs
Leuetra carolinensis  Claassen



          References
                                                                                    Notes




re


)
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H 4J
u C
3 1)
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,
C
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o

01


1
a
i-j a)
a) Li
o. a
e *-•
(D
t-
,
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•H >s
J3 iJ
Vi 'H
3
>-i

jj
C

-------
            I'.-irametcrs
Leuctra divisa Hitchcock



        References
                                                                                  Notes




re


i
1-1
>j jj
JJ C
3 ffl
E
1
B
(0 W
60 U
Vj -H
O

CM


,
«
V- QJ
(1) ^
O. 3
e ±>
01
t-
1
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ja iJ
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3
^

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C
OJ
1-1
1-1
3
U

rH iJ
tO CO
OJ -H
oj ra



U
•H i-l

-------
Piirnmetcrs
Leuctra duplicate. Claassen




          References
                                                                     Notes




X


,
•H
u c
•z
,
C
to tn
on o
H -H
o

CM



a
>J 0)
m t^
O. 3
E •"
01
E-
1
•a
— 1 >.
ja u
lj 'rj
t-

jj
C
(U
VJ
iJ
3
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i-l 4J
« TO
Ll 4-1
0) -^
C ^3
0) id
o z:


a
•H 4-1
uj eg
•H 4J
O -H
V -C
a. n
W ffi


i at
^ u
eu c
E v
W bO
00
C
T-l
13
a)
at
th

AcldoMontic
Acidophllous
Neutral
Alkaliphilous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyphilous
Oligoxyphilous
Euthennal
Hesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothermal
Me ta thermal
Eurythennal
Eulichtophilous
Mcsolichtophilous
Polylichtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Lininobiontic
Litnnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibe'nthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixvlous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
Omnivcrc
Scavenger
•*


















X


X
























X





n
oo

X












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X


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o
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t-^
o
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X















m
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^H

























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(83) 1281-1400' el



















                                  250

-------
            J'.-irntnetcrs
Lewstra fervuginea (Walker)

        References
                                                                                 Notes




X


,
•T*
U JJ
1-1 C
3 ai
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,
c
to w
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o

CM


1
nj
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1 0)
^ 0
a> c
6 m
W W)
M)
C
1-1
•o
0)
01
b

Acldohiontic
Acidophilous
Neutral
Alkal iphl]ous
Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saprophobic
Euoxyphilous
Mesoxyph: lous
Oligoxyphilous
Eu thermal
Mesotherrnal
Oligothermal
Steno thermal
Metathermal
Eurythermal
Eulichtophilous
Mesolichtophilous
Polyllchtophilous
Oligolichtophilous
Limnobiontic
Limnophilous
Indifferent
Rheoohilous
Rheobiontic
Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Emberithic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixylous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Predator
Herbivore
ftrmivere-
Scavenger
O\
f^



X














X
X


X












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r^














































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r^
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ro
OD

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n
o
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X


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X

X



-------
Leuotra ffz-andis Banks




     References
                                        Notes




s:



Tt
u C
•z
1
n
HJ M
M O
O

r*l



«
VJ (U
ai vi
E u
E-

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1- 'H
3
t-i

4J
OJ
S-i
V4
3
u

iH tJ
U 4J

-------
           Parameters
Leuatra maria Hanson



     References
                                                                               Notes




ffi


,
•H
H LJ
u c
3 0)
Z
,
n
to en
CO Ct
H -H
O

es


,
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v- a)
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JJ
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C. TO
w a:


1 V
n u
01 C
e v
U 00
t*
c
1-1
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ai
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CM

Acldohiontic
Acidophllous
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Alkalibiontic
Indifferent
Eutrophtc
Hesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Uystrophic
Saprophilic
Facultative
Saproxenous
Saptophobic
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Mesoxyphilous
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Mesothermal
Oligothermal
Stenothertnal
Metathermal
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Rheophilous
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Lake
Pond
River
Stream
Other
Epibenthic
Embenthic
Epipelic
Episabulic
Epilithic
Epixy]ous
Epiphytic
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Prcdatoi
Herbivore
Oranivere
Scavenger
i —
o
<-\



















X















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a u
*J H
m o
                                              253

-------
                                        Leuctra sibleyi  Claassen
            Parameters
References
                                                                                 Notes




a:


1
•H
M u
" C
3 
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    -------
                                     Leuetra tenslla Provancher
         I'.-trametcrs
    References
                                                                               Notes
    
    03
    P.
    Nutri-
    ent
    c
    ra 
    H -H
    O
    P-J
    o
    Tempera-
    ture
    rurbid-
    ity
    Current
    General
    Habitat
    Specific
    Habitat
    Emer-
    gence
    Feeding
    
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    Acidophilous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
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    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphi lous
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    Litnnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
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    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixy3ous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Oranivore-
    Scavenger
    H
    -3-
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    -3-
    h»
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    tn
    oo
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    x
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    >o
    CT>
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    -*
    o
    rH
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    r^
    O
    r-<
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    -
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (83) 1281-1400' el
    
    
    
    (83,96,104)  L.  hamtla is a synonym.
                                            255
    

    -------
                I'.-ir.imetcrs
      tenuis  (Pictet)
    
    
    References
                                                                                      Notes
    
    
    
    
    OS
    
    
    ,
    T*
    iJ C
    K
    1
    C
    « en
    on u
    O
    
    CM
    
    
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    H
    ,
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    3
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    i_j
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    U 0
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    UJ CJD
    00
    C
    T-l
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    «
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    AcldoMontic
    Acidophilous
    Neutral
    Alkal iphilous
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    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Hesotrophic
    Oli^otrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
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    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
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    Hetathermal
    Eurythennal
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    Limntiphilous
    Indifferent
    Rheoohilous
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    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    OLher
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
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    Epixvlous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Prcdatoi
    Herbivore
    Omnivc-rc
    Scavenger
    a\
    CO
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Y
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    n
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    (83) 1281-1400' el
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    3 -H
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           (39)  162-234 ppm CaC03 alkalinity
    
                222-320 ppm CaC03 hardness
    
                395-600 umhos conductivity
                                                  256
    

    -------
    r.-ir.imetcrs
    Leuctra triloba Claassen
    
    
    
    
            References
                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    •H
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    -------
    OO
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    Tempera-
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    A1
    104
    107
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    -------
    Pammetcrs
    Leuat-ra variabilis Hanson
    
    
    
            References
                                                                        Notes
    
    
    
    
    K
    
    
    1
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    -------
    Malenka bifursata (Claassen)
    
    
    
    
              References
                                               Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
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    -------
               Parameters
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                                                                                   Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
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    -------
                r.-irametcrs
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    X
    
    
    
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    Parameters
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                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
    EC
    
    
    
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                I'.-irametcrs
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                                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
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                                                    265
    

    -------
                               Malenka flexura  (Claassen)
    I'.-ir.imetcrs
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                                                                           Notes
    
    
    
    
    re
    
    
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    I'.'immetcrs
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    -------
                                           Malerika perplexa.  (Prison)
    
    
    
                                                  References
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    -------
                Parameters
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                                                   269
    

    -------
                P;irnmetcrs
    Malirekus hastatus (Banks)
    
    
    
    
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    -G E
                                                  270
    

    -------
                I'.-irntnetcrs
    Megaleust-Ta aomplioata  Claassen
    
    
    
    
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    (104)  P.  si-gnata is a synonym.   Also see M. subtrimcata.
                                           274
    

    -------
        IVir.imetcrs
      signata (Hagen)
    
    References
                                                                             Notes
    
    
    
    
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    18°C.
    15°C, 14 days-60% surv
    
    see bp,low
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (10) 1605-2280 m el
    (54) 8700-10300' el
    (55) >8000' el
    (72) low elevations
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Temperature (continued)
    
    (117,118) 11.5-13°C, 31 days-100% surv
              18-20°C, 3 days-70% surv
              18-20°C, 7 & 10 days-30% surv
              18-20CC, 14 days-0% surv
    
    General Habitat (continued)
    
    (85) 7800-10560' el
    (98) 8500-11000' el
    (109) 5250-9000' el
    (55) temporary str
                 (10)  109-189 mg/1 Ca bicarb.
                      0.2-2.4 mg/1 Ca carb.
                      100-340 mg/1 hardness
                                           275
    

    -------
    Megarays
                                                               Hanson
                I'arnmetcrs
             References
                                                                                     Notes
    
    
    
    
    EC
    
    
    
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    Predator
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    (72) all elevations
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    M O
    41 H
    .C
          Also see M. irreaularis.
                                                  276
    

    -------
    I'arametcrs
    Mega-pays ttatertoni (Ricker)
    
    
    
    
            References
                                                                         Hotes
    
    
    
    
    EC
    
    
    1
    •rt
    VJ i->
    Jj C
    55
    1
    C
    CO CO
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    U
    
    ~4 4J
    lj U
    
    -------
    1'nrnmetcrs
    Mega.rcys yosemite (Needham & Claassen)
    
    
    
    
                   References
                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    •H
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    •z.
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    Jn
    Vi
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    Acidopliflous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Eutherroal
    Mesothertnal
    Oligothermal
    Steno thermal
    Metathermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    01 igolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheoohilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Eplpelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Omnivcre
    Scavenger
    o
    o
    H
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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                                      278
    

    -------
    Parameters
    Mesosapnia oenone (Heave)
    
    
    
    
            References
                                                                        Votes
    
    
    
    
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                                      279
    

    -------
    I'.-irnmetcrs
    Mesocapn-ia poprecta  (Jewett)
    
    
    
    
             References
                                                                          Notes
    
    
    
    
    3:
    
    
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    -------
    I'.'irametcrs
    Mssoaapnia pvojeota (Prison)
    
    
    
    
              References
                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
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    -------
    Parameters
    Moselia -infusaata (Claassen)
    
    
    
    
              References
                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
    EC
    
    
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    Alkalibiontic
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    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Hesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
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    Oligothermal
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    Me ta thermal
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    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophllous
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    -------
                I'.'ir.imetcrr
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    References
                                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
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    Winter
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    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    lierbivore
    Omnivcre
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    CM
    |-~
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    tj >i
    01 u
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    n u
                                                    283
    

    -------
              I'.-ir.iraetcrs
    trispinosa Claassen
    
    
    
     References
                                                                                    Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    4-4
    u c
    Z
    ,
    C
    
    -------
               r.-irametcrs
                                     Neoperla alymens (Newman)
    
                                             References
                                                                                     Notes
    
    X
    D.
    Nutri-
    ent
    B
    fl CO
    00 O
    U -H
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    Habitat
    Specific
    Habitat
    1 (It
    M 0
    01 C
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    Acidophilous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dys trophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Soprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    OliRoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Steno thermal
    Metathermal
    Eury thermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
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    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
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    Rheobiontic
    Lake
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    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixy3ous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Au t umn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Omnivcre
    Scavenger
    \c
    -a
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    m
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    •3-
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    01
    i-l
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     -u
    a y
    (88)  37-40 ppm alkalinity
         90-98 ppm hardness
    
    (125)  512 ppm t. hardness
           372 ppm Ca  hardness
           108 ppm alkalinity
           517 ppm Cl
                                                   285
    

    -------
                r.'ir.imctcrs
    Oemopteryx contorta (Needham & Claassen)
    
    
    
    
                    References
                                                                                      Notes
    
    
    
    
    s
    
    
    
    1-1
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    Neutral
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    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Heso trophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Hesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthermal
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    Oligothermal
    Stenothermal
    Metathermal
    Eurythermal
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    Autumn
    Predator
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    c
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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                                                  286
    

    -------
          I'.-irametcrs
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                                            287
    

    -------
    I'.'ir.imetcrs
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    .
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    *3
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                                                    289
    

    -------
    I'.'irnmetcrs
    Osobenus yakimae (Hoppe)
    
    
    
    
            References
                                                                          Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
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                                      290
    

    -------
                I'.-tmmetcrs
    Ostroeerca albidipennis  (Walker)
    
    
    
    
               References
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
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    (105) temporary str
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    H >i
    01 u
    
    4J -H
    
    m O
                                                  291
    

    -------
                I'ummetcrs
      dimicki  (Prison)
    
    References
                                                                                      Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    1
    •^
    jj C
    •z.
    ,
    C
    n «
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  • -------
    
    I'.'irametcrs
    Ostvoaevoa foevsteri (Ricker)
    
    
    
    
             References
                                                                          Notes
    
    EC
    P.
    1
    i-i
    U LJ
    iJ C
    3 0)
    z
    1
    o
    n in
    60 U
    H -H
    o
    f>l
    O
    Tempera-
    ture
    Turbid-
    ity
    Current
    General
    Habitat
    Specific
    Habitat
    1 0)
    M 0
    ai e
    £ V
    W 00
    Feeding
    AcidoMontic
    AcidopMlous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eu trophic
    He so trophic
    Oligotrophic
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                                      293
    

    -------
    r.-iramctcrs
    pvolongata (Claassen)
    
    
    
    
    References
                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
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    c
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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                                      294
    

    -------
                I'.-irametcrs
    truncata  (Claassen)
    
    
    
    References
                                                                                     Notes
    
    
    
    
    a:
    
    
    i
    •H
    H 4J
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    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
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    Meso thermal
    Oligothermal
    Stenothermal
    Me ta thermal
    Eurythermal
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    Stream
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    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
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    Winter
    Spring
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    Predator
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    ^3-
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    JS E
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                                                  295
    

    -------
                I'.-irnmetcrs
                                          Paraoapnia angulata  Hanson
    
                                                   References
                                                                                      Notes
    
    
    
    
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           (42) 164-208 ppm CaC03 alkalinity
                236-278 ppm CaCOs hardness
                418-480 umhos conductivity
           (61)  14-18 ppm CaC03 alkalinity
    0) 1-1
    J-> ,H
    (fl U
                                                  296
    

    -------
         I'jirnmctcrs
    Paracapnia opis (Newman)
            References
                                                                               Notes
    
    
    
    
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    -------
    l';i r.ime tecs
    Paragnetina fianosa  (Banks)
    
    
    
             References
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    -------
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                r.'ir.imetcrs
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                                                                                        Notes
    
    
    
    
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    (103) diatoms
    
    
    
    H >•
    Hi u
    " -H
    a o
                                                   299
    

    -------
    I'.'irnmetcrs
    Paragnet-ina kansensis  (Banks)
    
    
    
    
             References
                                                                          Notes
    
    
    
    
    a:
    
    
    ,
    •H
    M u
    u C
    •z.
    \
    C
    (0 U)
    oo u
    U -H
    o
    
    r-i
    
    
    1
    «
    l-i 0)
    III (J
    n. 3
    e u
    01
    H
    1
    •a
    •H >,
    £1 U
    Vi -H
    3
    >-i
    
    u
    C
    tu
    tJ
    Id
    3
    u
    
    •H U
    nj tfl
    tj j-i
    U -H
    C .2
    U «
    U 33
    
    
    U
    •H 1J
    u to
    •H iJ
    U T^
    4J J3
    O. (0
    w a:
    
    
    n u
    01 C
    e u
    LU co
    00
    T*
    "O
    V
    «
    [u
    
    Acidohiontic
    Acidophllous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    OligoCrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxcnous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyph: lous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Stenothermal
    Mctathermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylich tophi lous
    Oligolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheophilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixvlous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Omnivcre
    Scavenger
    -a-
    o
    ^
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
                                       300
    

    -------
                                          Paragnetina media (Walker)
                Parameters
    References
                                                                                     Notes
    
    
    
    
    33
    
    
    1
    T4
    H U
    ti C
    5=
    1
    C
    n en
    M u
    O
    
    (N
    
    
    
    «
    JJ 0)
    01 Jj
    0. 3
    e «
    01
    H
    i
    •a
    -0 t-i
    >J M
    a
    *-•
    
    4-1
    V
    14
    u
    
    iH 4J
    t-l 4J
    41 T4
    C ,0
    41 «
    U 33
    
    
    EJ
    -H 4J
    >*J (0
    •H iJ
    (J -H
    o. re
    
    
    1 0)
    * 0
    « c
    Id oo
    
    •H
    T3
    01
    V
    [L,
    
    Acldohiontic
    Acidophilous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Itidiff erent
    Eutrophic
    Hesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Sapropliobic
    Euox^philous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Eu thermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Stenothermal
    Metathernial
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    Oligollchtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheophilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    lierbivore
    Omni vert
    Scavenger
    CO
    
    -------
                I'nr.imetcrs
     forci.pa.ta (Prison)
    
    
    References
                                                                                           Notes
    
    X
    o.
    Nutri-
    ent
    c
    tQ tn
    oo u
    Vj -M
    O
    (N
    o
    Tempera-
    ture
    i
    •a
    •H >,
    .0 *J
    U T^
    3
    Current
    General
    Habitat
    Specific
    Habitat
    Emer-
    gence
    Feeding
    Acidobiontic
    AcidopMlous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eu trophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Hesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothennal
    Oligothermal
    Steno thermal
    Metathermal
    Eury thermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    01 igolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheophilous
    Kheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    EpixyJous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Sprinfc
    Somrae r
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    CWmivcre
    Scavenger
    Q
    O
    >-!
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (N
    o
    1-1
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    CO
    c
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    K
    K
    
    
    
    
    
    tN
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    ^
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    L
    '
    
    
    
    
    
    
    -------
               Parameters
    Paraleuotra jewetti Nebeker & Gaufin
    
    
    
    
                 References
                                                                                    Nbtes
    
    s
    D.
    Nutri-
    ent
    c
    nj in
    U) O
    ^ -H
    O
    IN
    O
    1
    n
    n m
    0) M
    CL 3
    £ •*->
    (U
    S-
    Turbid-
    ity
    Current
    General
    Habitat
    Specific
    Habitat
    Emer-
    gence
    Feeding
    AcldoMontic
    AcidopMlous
    Neutral
    AlkalipMlous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eu trophic
    Hesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Soprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Hesoxyphilous
    Olisoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligotherraal
    S teno thermal
    Metathermal
    Eury thermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    Oligolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheophilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Oranivcre
    Scavenger
    •o
    •o
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    K
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    pj
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    •S S
                                                 303
    

    -------
                I'.-ir.imetcrs
                                 Paraleuatra occidentalis  (Banks)
    
                                             References
                                                                                      Notes
    
    
    
    
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    J= E
    General Habitat  (continued)
    
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    (80) 30-75 ppm m.o. alkalinity
                                                  304
    

    -------
                I'nrametcrs
    Paraleuotra picccellana  (Neave)
    
    
              References
                                                                                      Notes
    
    
    
    
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    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
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                                      310
    

    -------
               Parameters
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    (36,117,118)
    IL96 = 3.3 mg/1 02-
    m , &' -t-
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (79) 1100-1950 ID el
    (80) 1900 m el
    (100) 3500,6500' el
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    n >,
    0) jj
    •w -H
    02 (continued)
    
                         29% sat.
    4.8 mg/1 02, 12 days-30% surv.
    
    
    (80)  30-75 ppm m.o. alkalinity
    
    
    (104) P.  vagans is a synonym-
                                                    317
    

    -------
                I'.-irnmetcrs
    Perlomyia oollaris  Banks
    
    
            References
                                                                                       Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
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    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
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    Saprophilic
    Facultative
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    Mesoxyphilous
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    Mesothennal
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    Stenothermal
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    Pond
    River
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    Embenthic
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    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Omnivcre
    Scavenger
    04
    r~-
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    (72) low elevation
    (122) 152 m el
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    .
          (72) P. solitaria is a synonym.
    M >,
    (U 4J
    4-1 -H
    eg u
                                                   318
    

    -------
                Parameters
    Perlomy-ia utahensis Needham & Claassen
    
    
                  References
                                                                                      Notes
    
    
    
    
    as
    
    
    
    •H
    *J C
    E
    
    C
    00 U
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    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    HesoCrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Stenothermal
    Metathermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
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    Oligolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
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    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
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    Epixy]ous
    Epipliytic
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    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    lierbivore
    ftnnivcre
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    c-
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    IN
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    X
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (72) low elevation
    (122) 152 m el
    .
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    M >>
    Ol 4J
    
    " -H
    ffl O
                                                   319
    

    -------
                r.-ir.imetors
                                  Phasganophora aap-itata (Pictet)
    
                                            References
                                                                                     Notes
    
    as
    P.
    Nutri-
    ent
    c
    as tn
    oo u
    U -H
    O
    CM
    O
    Tempera-
    ture
    Turbid-
    ity
    Current
    General
    Habitat
    Specific
    Habitat
    Emer-
    gence
    Feeding
    Acidohiontic
    Acidophi lous
    Neutral
    Alkal iphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eu trophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saprogenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphi lous
    Olisoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Me so thermal
    Oligothermal
    Stenothermal
    Metathermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    Oligolichtophilous
    Linmobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheoohilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixvlous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Sprinj-
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Omnivcre
    Scavenger
    u"
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    a-
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    -3-
    cs
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    «
    c--l
    
    
    
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    in
    
    
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    m
    r~-
    
    
    
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    ^>
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    CO
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    -
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    -
    
    -
    
    
    
    
    
    -
    
    
    
    
    
    (49) Q£ consumption
    deer. w. 02 concen-
    tration, see below
    
    
    
    
    (96) leaf packs
    
    
    -c E
    02 (continued)
    
    (49)  02 consumption independent of body weight.
    (88)  minimum 02 survived for 12 hrs = 1.8 ppm
    
    (19)  0.1-0.4 ppm D.O.C.
             170 ppm bicarb.
    (40)  162-234 ppm CaC03 alkalinity
         222-320 ppm CaC03 hardness
         395-600 Mmhos conductivity
                                                            (50)  <.33 mg/1 CaC03 hardness
                                                                 <.05 mg/1 Cu,  Zn, Ca
                                                                 3.2 mg/1 Cu =  lethal threshold
                                                                 incr. Cu concentration results
                                                                   in changed 02 consumption
    
                                                            (88)  60-67 ppm alkalinity
                                                  320
    

    -------
    r.-immetcrs
    Piotetiella. expansa (Banks)
    
    
    
    
            References
                                                                        Notes
    
    
    
    
    K
    
    
    
    M
    H iJ
    •u C
    s
    1
    C
    (0 (fl
    60 U
    M -H
    O
    
    c^
    
    
    ,
    (8
    Jj 0)
    0) lJ
    E w
    (U
    t-
    1
    •a
    •H >v
    J3 iJ
    Vl •!-(
    3
    f-
    
    iJ
    C
    m
    ^
    14
    3
    O
    
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    « 0)
    t4 U
    a) -M
    C ^)
    a> m
    U 3=
    
    
    u
    •rl U
    tH CO
    •rl 4J
    O -^i
    U J3
    a. w
    W X
    
    
    1 OJ
    n u
    1) C
    e »
    U OC
    60
    •rt
    •o
    41
    U
    Ui
    
    Acldobiontic
    Acidoplillous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Hesotrophic
    Olif-otrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    SaproxenouS
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Steno thermal
    Me ta thermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Hesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    Oligolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheophilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixy]ous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Omnivcrf
    Scavenger
    «
    a
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    CO
    c
    ^
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    -------
                l';ir.imetcrs
    Podmosta deaepta (Frison)
    
    
            References
                                                                                        Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    •H
    H «J
    i-> C
    2
    ,
    C
    to .
    .0 4-1
    U -H
    t-
    
    4J
    C
    ai
    u
    v>
    a
    u
    
    ^H 4J
    (9 (0
    Li U
    01 -H
    C -a
    01 ra
    O ffi
    
    
    o
    •H 4J
    uj to
    •H U
    U -H
    tu -o
    ex eg
    w a:
    
    
    1 a
    M U
    o> c
    E w
    UJ bO
    DO
    C
    •H
    13
    «
    «
    U.
    
    AcitloMontic
    AcidopIiHous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Stenothermal
    Metathermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylich tophi Ions
    Oligolichtopnilous
    Limn ob ion tic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheoohilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    SprinR
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    lierbivore
    ftnnivcrc
    Scavenger
    n
    r-i
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    c^l
    C
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    -------
                JVir.iroetcrs
    Podmosta delicatula  (Claassen)
    
    
               References
                                                                                      Hotes
    
    
    
    
    w
    
    
    
    -H
    4J C
    z
    1
    c
    n m
    60 U
    O
    
    P-J
    
    
    
    «
    LJ 0)
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    a j
    E *j
    0)
    E-
    
    •c
    •^ X
    .a u
    >H -,-<
    (-1
    
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    C
    01
    fc-
    ^
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    ^ u
    ifl TO
    1-1 4-1
    (U -H
    C A
    (U rt
    O ffi
    
    
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    -H U
    u-i n)
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    U -H
    4> JS
    ex as
    w a:
    
    
    n o
    01 C
    e a
    bj 00
    M
    C
    •rl
    •a
    V
    a>
    u<
    
    Acidohiontic
    Acidopliilous
    Neutral
    Alkal iphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophtc
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxerious
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Hesoxyphllous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthennal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Stenothermal
    Hetathermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    Oligolichtophilous
    Litnnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheophilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixylous
    Epipliytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    ftnnivcrf
    Scavenger
    J
    OT
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
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           (109)  6750-9250' el
    
    
    
    
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                                                   323
    

    -------
                                            Podjnosta  obscura ( Rrison)
    
    
                                                    References
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                                                   324
    

    -------
                                         Ppostoia besametsa (Ricker)
               Parameters
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    f) O
                                                 325
    

    -------
                I'.-ir.imctcrs
    Pfostoia aompleta. (Walker)
    
    
             References
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    M >,
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    (0 O
                                                    326
    

    -------
         1'arnmetcrs
     sirrtilis (Hagen)
    
    
    
    
    References
                                                                               Notes
    
    
    
    
    M
    
    
    
    •H
    •U C
    te:
    
    c
    to u
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    D. (D
    
    
    1 (L>
    
    -------
    Other Water Chemistry,
    Toxiclty, Misc. i
    t
    W to Lo N* M W
    M n - n
    OS MO MO
    Ui -.13 M P
    1 "rt oo rt
    M to MM. ---p.
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    Q O to • O
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    Ui M 1 P- O-
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    to PI
    to in to
    01
    Feeding
    i
    ro
    3
    n
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Pmnivcre
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    M
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    "3
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    c
    a
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    General
    Habitat
    o
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    Wl
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    (29) 5500-7100' el
    (30) all elevations
    (54) 6900-10800' el
    (98) 5600-7800' el
    see below
    Currenc
    M
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    ophilous
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    Turbid-
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    o
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    2
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    n
    c
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    Tempera-
    ture
    ?
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    <
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    M
    ;nothermal
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    o
    M
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    ro
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    m
    c
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    Nutri-
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    3-3
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    Alkalibion
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    — '
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    'Acidobiontic
    
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    26
    29
    30
    34
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    53
    54
    55
    71
    85
    98
    103
    104
    108
    109
    111
    112
    117
    118
    
    
    
    
    
    

    -------
         Parameters
                                Pteronareella regularis  (Hagen)
    
    
    
                                           References
                                                                             Notes
    
    
    
    
    a
    
    
    
    •H
    H u
    «J C
    •z
    1
    c
    CD tfl
    00 u
    O
    
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    a,
    
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    Acidopbilous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
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    Eutrophic
    Hesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Oystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Eu thermal
    Mesothermal
    Olieothermal
    Stenothermal
    Metathermal
    Eurvthermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mcsolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
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    Limnobiontic
    Linjnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheophilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
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    Eplbenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
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    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    CVnnivorc
    Scavenr-cr
    o
    TO
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    o
    o
    •H
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    CM
    O
    rH
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    m
    o
    ^H
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    -------
                                                        Newport
          I'.-irametcrs
    References
                                                                               Notes
    
    o.
    •H
    P U
    *J C
    a OJ
    E
    C
    eg co
    00 U
    U i-l
    O
    c-l
    O
    Tempera-
    ture
    i
    •a
    •H >.
    X> u
    U -^
    3
    (-J
    Current
    General
    Habitat
    Specific
    Habitat
    Emer-
    gence
    "ceding
    
    Acidobiontic
    AcidopMlous
    Neutral
    Alkal ipbilous
    Alkalibiotitic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    OliRotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphi lous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    01 i go t he rms 1
    Stenothermal
    Me ta thermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    01 igolichtophilous
    Linmobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheoahilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilitbic
    Epixvlous
    Epipliytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Outlive re
    Scavenrcr
    <•
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    in
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    1|L
    x
    2 (continued)
    1~-)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    o
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    CO
    o
    H
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    X
    
    
    01
    o
    iH
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    K
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    o
    I-l
    .-(
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    1-1
    1—1
    I-l
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X.
    
    
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    see below
    (34) TL96 = 27-0°C
    m
    55-65° F
    
    
    (29) 5200' el
    (30) <5900T el
    (54) 6700-7800' el
    (55) <8000' el
    see below
    (111,112) debris
    
    (108) shredder
    General Habitat (continued)
    (36)  TL96 = 3.2 mg/1 02-28Z saturation
           m
         TL96 = 3.9 mg/1 02-34% saturation
           m
         min 02 = 4.8 mg/1 40% survival over 97 days
              (72) low elevation
              (109) 6250-8000' el
    (52)  02 consumption increases as environmental
         concentration increases.  With 02 and T°
         unvariable,  increased flow results in
         decreased mortality.
    (57)  TL^° day for co-ral,,  methylparathion,
              (22) toxicity of mercurials: phenyl
                   mercuric chloride > methylmercurie
                   chloride > mercuric chloride.
              (29) 115-187 ppm CaC03 alkalinity,
                   0 ppm C02
              (34) 135 ppm CaC03
              (52) 200-230 ppm CaC03 alkalinity
      toxaphene, lindane	
                                            330
    

    -------
          Parameters
    Pteronarays oaliforni-ca Newport (continued)
    
                References                        Notes
    
    
    
    
    aa
    
    
    ,
    f4
    M JJ
    JJ C
    3 01
    S5
    ,
    C
    to in
    00 U
    U -r(
    O
    
    CM
    O
    
    
    ,
    fl)
    b >
    _Q jj
    ij -H
    a
    e--
    
    n
    
    -------
                                    Pteronarcys dorsata (Say)
    
                                            References
                                                                               Notes
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    ,
    t-(
    ^ 4J
    >-> c
    2
    ,
    C
    nj co
    M a
    >j -^
    o
    
    CVJ
    
    
    
    TO
    t, 01
    ai vj
    a 3
    E ^
    m
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    i
    •o
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    .n u
    Vi -H
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    I-H
    
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    0)
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    3
    u
    
    •H U
    n ra
    Ll 14
     -o
    o. «
    W X
    
    
    1 Q)
    H 0
    E o:
    tu oo
    60
    C
    •H
    "T3
    *
    0>
    [h
    
    
    Acidohiontic
    AcidopMlous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxcnous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Hesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    OLigothermal
    Steno thermal
    Me ta thermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polyllchtophilous
    01 igolichtophilous
    Linmobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheonhilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epihenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabiilic
    Epilithic
    Epixvlous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Omnivcrc
    Scavenger
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    i-^
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    y
    
    
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    X
    
    CT*
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    X
    
    X
    
    o
    —1
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Y
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    •H
    1-1
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    3
    
    
    
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    (SI
    
    
    
    x
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (6) TL|g = 5.0 pH
    100% surv. pH 7, 0%
    3urv. pH 3
    
    
    see below
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (68) TL56 - 29.5°C
    m
    (124) feed actively at
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (113) shredder
    
    pH (continued)
    (5) TL96 = 4.25 pH,  100% surv.
          m
    (117,118)  TL96  = 4.25 pH
    pH 7, 0% surv. pH 3
    (68)  40 ppm t.  alkalinity
         35-40 ppm CaC03 t.  hardness
    (124)  42-46 mg/1 CaC03 hardness
          .0018 mg/1 Cu
          2-3 mg/1 chlorine
        0.25-0-5 mg/1 t. nitrogen
         0.5-1-5 mg/1 acidity
                                           332
    

    -------
         Parameters
    Pteronarcys pietetii Hagen
    
    
    
    
             References
                                                                              Notes
    
    
    
    
    a
    
    
    1
    •H
    4J C
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    -------
    J'.'ir.imetcrs
      prtnaeps Banks
    
    
    
    
    References
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                                      334
    

    -------
    r.-trametcrs
    Eemenus bilobatus (Needhain & Claassen)
    
    
    
    
                  References
                                                                          Notes
    
    
    
    
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    Mesotrophic
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                                      335
    

    -------
    Other Water Chemistry, |
    Toxictty, Misc. Feeding
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    -------
    1'jirnmetcrs
    Setvena bradley-i (Smith)
    
    
    
    
           References
                                                                          Notes
    
    
    
    
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    -------
    l';ir«imetcrs
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                                      338
    

    -------
                                    Shipsa rotunda  (Claassen)
         Parameters
    References
                                                                              Votes
    
    
    
    
    ffi
    
    
    
    •H
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    =
    
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    o-
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    (39)  162-234  ppm CaC03  alkalinity
         222-320  ppm CaCOa  hardness
         395-600  ymhos  conductivity
                                           339
    

    -------
    Piir.imctcrr
         (Needham & Smith)
    
    
    
    
    References
                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    ,
    •H
    4-> C
    •z.
    \
    C
    ra m
    DC U
    U -H
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    Neutral
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    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesocrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Steno thermal
    Metachermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Hesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    01 igolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilnus
    Indifferent
    Rheouhiloijs
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    •Pond
    River
    Stream
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    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
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    Epixvlous
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    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
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    -T
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                                      340
    

    -------
                J'.-irnmetcrs
    aurvata (Hanson),
    
    
    
    References
                                                                                        Notes
    
    
    
    
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    -------
                                      Skuala parallela (Prison)
          J'.-ir.imetcrs
    References
                                                                                Notes
    
    
    
    
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    TL96 = pH A.ejl.SxlO^M
    
    IL96 = pH 4.1,8.0x10 M
    H2SO^
    (117,118) TL95 =pH5.33
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    ;i!7,118)
    
    
    
    
    see below
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (29) 5300' el
    (54) 6800-8900' el
    (55) <8000' el
    (72) low elevation
    (1091 6000-9250' P!
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     02  (continued)
     (53,117,118)  1  c.c/1 02,  15.6°c, 10 hrs-82% raort.
                                     24 hrs-88.5% mort.
                                     34 hrs-100% mort.
     (36,117,118)  3.4 mg/1 02, 18 days-10% surv.
                  4.2 mg/1 02, 28 days-20% surv.
    
     Temperature (continued)
     (117,118)  18-20°C,  27 days-5% surv.
               18-20°C,  31 days-0% surv.
                  15°C,  41 days-55% surv.
    	emerged 2 months early with 6 _weeks at 15° C
                          (19,104) P. omevlcana is a
                                   synonym.
    
                          (29) 115-192 ppm CaC03 alk
                                 0-2.5 ppm C02
    

    -------
                i'.-irametcrs
    Solipsrla campanula  (Jewett)
    
              References
                                                                                      Notes
    
    
    
    
    a:
    
    
    
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    -------
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    -------
                           Soliperla quadrispinula  (Jewett)
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    -------
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                                                    346
    

    -------
         Parameters
    Soyedina i-ntevrupta (Claassen)
    
    
    
    
               References
                                                                              Notes
    
    
    
    
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    -------
              1'arnmetcrs
    Soyedina nevadensis (Claassen)
    
    
    
    
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                                               348
    

    -------
         1'jirametcrs
    Soyed-ina pyoduata (Claassen)
    
    
    
    
              Refercncee
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    -------
    Soyedina
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         1'ar.imeters
            References
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    Stream
    Other
    Epihenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilichic
    Epixvlous
    Epiplwtic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Omnivcre
    Scavenger
    O^
    m
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    90% sat
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (59) 145-160 m. el
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (103) leaf packs
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (39)  162-234 ppm CaC03 alkalinity
         222*320 ppm CaC03 hardness
         395-600 ymhos  conductivity
    
    (59)   85-240 mg/1 t.  alkalinity
           6-25   mg/1 free C02
                                          350
    

    -------
                I'.-irnmetcrs
                                  Soyedina. washingtoni  (Claassen)
    
    
    
                                             References
                                                                                       Notes
    
    
    
    
    as
    
    
    
    •r4
    u C
    K
    
    C
    n en
    CO U
    lj -H
    o
    
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    E u
    t-
    ,
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    i-i
    n
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    -------
                l';ir.imetcrs
    Strophoptepyx faseiata (Burmeister)
    
                 References
                                                                                      Notes
    
    
    
    
    se
    
    
    
    •H
    u C
    3 01
    •z.
    ,
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (99) diatoms
    
    01 4J
    U M
    eg o
           (42) 212-232 ppm CaC03 alkalinity
                233-288 ppm CaC03 hardness
                485-502 umhos conductivity
    
           (90)  8 ppm m.o. alkalinity
                 3.5 ppm C02
                                                   352
    

    -------
    I'iirametcrs
    Strophoptevijx ostra Ricker & Ross
    
    
    
    
                 References
                                                                          Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    •H
    u c
    K
    
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    e 
    -------
                I'.'ir.imetcrs
    Swallia autwma  (Hoppe)
    
    
            References
                                                                                        Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
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    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Olifioxyphilous
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    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Steno thermal
    Me ta thermal
    Eurythermal
    EulichCophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
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    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
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    Kheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epihenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
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    EpixvJous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Sprinc
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    lierbivore
    Omnivure
    Scavenger
    c*-
    C
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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     u
    w -H
    el 
    -------
    I'.-ir.imeters
      lineosa  (Banks)
    
    
    
    
    References
                                                                          Notes
    
    
    
    
    s:
    
    
    
    —i
    H 4J
    tl C
    "Z.
    ,
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    -------
                Parameters
    Swoallia ma.r-gi.na.-ta. (Banks)
    
             References
                                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    ,
    •H
    M u
    u C
    3 »
    ja u
    lj -r4
    a
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    V A
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    H (J
    E a)
    w oo
    (3D
    •rJ
    0)
    (J-,
    
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    Acidophi lous
    Neutral
    Alkal iphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxcnous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Olifioxyphilous
    Eu thermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothemal
    Steno thermal
    Metathermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Hesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    Oligolichtophilous
    lininobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    RVieophilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epi-xv]ous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Sprinjr
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predatoi •
    Herbivore
    Omni vert
    Scavenger
    1-1
    •*
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    -------
                                                              (Banks)
                J';irnmetcrs
                                             References
                                                                                      Notes
    
    
    
    
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                                                   (72) given as S. dub-la
                                                  357
    

    -------
    Parameters
    Sweltsa albertensis (Needham & Claassen)
    
    
    
    
                   References
                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
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                                     358
    

    -------
         I'jirnmetcrs
    Sueltsa bovealis (Banks)
    
            References
                                                                               Notes
    
    
    
    
    K
    
    
    
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    General Habitat (continued)
    
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    (2) Seep
    
    (55) temporary str
                                           359
    

    -------
    P;irnnetcrs
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                                      360
    

    -------
                I'.'irnmetcrs
    Stieltsa eontinua  (Banks)
    
    
    
            References
                                                                                       Notes
    
    
    
    
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                                                  361
    

    -------
    J'.'irnnetcrs
    exquis-ita (Prison)
    
    
    
    
    References
                                                                          Notes
    
    
    
    
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    -------
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    -------
                I'iirarocters
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    -------
          I'.'tr.imetcrs
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    -------
    Parameters
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    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Hesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
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    Hesothermal
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    Steno thermal
    Hetacherraal
    Eury thermal
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    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
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    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    lierbivore
    (tmnivcrc-
    Scavenger
    -3
    o
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                                      367
    

    -------
                                            Sweltsa OGcidens (Prison)
    
    
                                                    References
                                                                                       Notes
    
    
    
    
    EC
    
    
    ,
    —1
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    Uystrophic
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    Rheoohilous
    Rheobiontic
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    Pond
    River
    Stream
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    Epibenthic
    Erabenthic
    Epipelic
    Episahulic
    Epilithic
    EpixvJous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    lierbivore
    Otmivcre
    Scavenger
    CN
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    (72,102,110)
    high el
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    tn  •
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    41 4J
                                                   368
    

    -------
               r.-immetcrs
    Sweltsa onkos (Ricker)
    
           References
                                                                                    Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    1
    •H
    (-. 4J
    ij C
    3 
    W 0
    01 c
    E 0)
    U M
    CD
    C
    -H
    •a
    0)
    at
    fcu
    
    Acldohiontic
    Acldopliilous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphtlous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Hesotrophic
    Olifiotrophic
    Bys trophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Soprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Hesoxyph: lous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Eu thermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Stervothermal
    Metathermal
    Eurytherraal
    Eulichtophilous
    Hesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    Oligolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheoohilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
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    Epili thic
    Epixy^ous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Sprinp,
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
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    Scavenger
    c
    -a
    
    
    
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    -------
    I'.-irnmetcrs
    Sweltsa o-eegonensi-s  (Frison)
    
    
    
    
              References
                                                                          Notes
    
    
    
    
    K
    
    
    1
    T*
    u C
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    Acidophilous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    AlfcaliMontic
    Indifferent
    Eu trophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dvscrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
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    Mesothermal
    Olagothermal
    Stenothermal
    Metatherraal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
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    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    RheoDhilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Emfaenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixvlous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Sprinfi
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    lierbivore
    ftnnivorc
    Scavenger
    ro
    OJ
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    r^
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    c^l
    O
    i-l
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    o
    1-1
    r-t
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    (72) low el
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
                                      370
    

    -------
               Parameters
                                           Sweltsa paoif-iaa (Banks)
    References
                                                                                    Notes
    
    
    
    
    a
    
    
    
    •H
    t-i C
    z
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    I 
    -------
              I'.-irnmetcrs
    Sweltsa pilosa  (Needham & Claassen)
    
    
    
    
                 References
                                                                                    Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
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    u C
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    1 U
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    -------
         I'.'ir.imetcrs
    Sueltsa vevelstoka (Jewett)
    
    
    
            References
                                                                               Notes
    
    a:
    o.
    Nutri-
    ent
    i
    c
    td w
    60 u
    n •*
    O
    p>l
    o
    Tempera-
    ture
    Turbid-
    ity
    Current
    General
    Habitat
    Specific
    Habitat
    Emer-
    gence
    Feeding
    AcJdobiontic
    Acidoplillous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Hesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    OliRoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Stenothermal
    Metathermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Hesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    Oligolichtophilous
    Linmobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheophilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Sprinfc
    .Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    lierbivorc
    ftnnivore
    Scavenger
    IN
    r~.
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    r~4
    O
    iH
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    O
    ^H
    iH
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    c-1
    iH
    ^-1
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    -
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (102) high el
    (110) 5000' el
    
    
    
    (72,110)  given as S. fidelis
                                            373
    

    -------
    Parameters
    Sweltsa tamalpa (Ricker)
    
    
    
    
           References
                                                                        Notes
    
    a:
    a.
    Nutri-
    ent
    i
    c
    a 01
    00 U
    t-l -H
    O
    CM
    O
    Tempera-
    ture
    Curbid-
    ity
    Current
    General
    Habitat
    Specific
    Habitat
    Emer-
    gence
    Feeding
    AcJdobiontlc
    Acidophllous
    Neutral
    Alkal iphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Hesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    S a pro phobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    OliRoxyphilous
    Eu thermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Steno thermal
    Metathermal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polyllchtophilous
    01 igolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheoohilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    SprinR
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Omnivcrc
    Scsven^er
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    -------
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    Taenionema nigfipenne (Banks)
    
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    (36,117,118)
    2.3 mg/1 02-4 days-60%
    see below surv
    
    (117,118)
    14.5"C-5 days-50X
    surv
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (64) 5000-8500' el
    (69) 3000' el
    (85) 6900' el
    (100) 7000-9000' el
    see below
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    General Habitat (continued)
    
    (109) 6250-9250' el
    (110) to 2000' el
    (122) 198,152,68 m el
    
    02 (continued)
    
    (36,117,118)  3.7 mg/1 02-9 days-20% surv
                                           378
    

    -------
    I'.-i r.ime tors
    Taenionema oregonense (Needham & Claassen)
    
    
    
    
                    References
                                                                          Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
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    at e
    E 
    -------
         I'.'irnmctcrs
    Taen-ionema pacificum  (Banks)
    
              References
                                                                                Notes
    
    
    
    
    
    a:
    
    
    ,
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    Acidopliilous
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    HesoCrophic
    Oligotrophic
    UysCrophic
    Saprophilic
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    Sapropliobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
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    Pond
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    Epibenthic
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    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
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    Predatoi
    herbivore
    Omnivcrc
    Scavenger
    OS
    
    
    
    
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    (29) 5500-5900' el
    (54) 6800-8800' el
    (72) low el
    (98) 8500-10600' el
    see below
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    General Habitat (continued)
    (100) 7200' el
    (109) 5750-9000' el
    (98) T. analis is a synonym.
                                            330
    

    -------
        I'nramctcrs
    Taenionema pallidum (Banks)
    
    
    
    
            References
                                                                             Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    •H
    ^ e
    z
    ,
    B
    ID U
    ea o
    o
    
    CM
    
    
    
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    T>
    V
    V
    h
    
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    Acidophilous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    OliRotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthennal
    Mesothermal
    Oli go thermal
    Stenothermal
    Hetatherraal
    Eury thermal
    EulichCophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    Oligolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheoohilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixylous
    Epipliytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Suirnne r
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Onnivcre
    Scavenger
    
    -------
         I'.-irnmetcrs
    Ta&n-ionema raynoriwn  (Claassen)
    
    
    
    
               References
                                                                               Notes
    
    3:
    o.
    Nutri-
    ent
    c
    CO 01
    00 O
    ^ -H
    o
    €••!
    O
    Tempera-
    ture
    i
    •u
    •H X
    J3 U
    lj -H
    3
    Current
    General
    Habitat
    Specific
    Habitat
    Emer-
    gence
    60
    -H
    -a
    V
    V
    [Id
    Acidobiontlc
    Acidoptillous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eu trophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saprogenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Steno thermal
    Metatherraal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Hesolichtophilous
    PolylJchcophilous
    Oligolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheoohilous
    Rheofaiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilichic
    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Wincer
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    lierbivore
    Cwnivcrc
    Scavenger
    o
    =o
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    o
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                                           382
    

    -------
                I'.'irametcrs
    Taenionema vanduseeum  (Claassen)
    
    
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                                       385
    

    -------
    J'.'ir.imetcrs
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    (114) debris
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    .
                                      336
    

    -------
                                   Taeniopteryx maura  (Pictet)
    
                                            References
                                                                              Votes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    ft
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    -------
                                    Taen-iopteryx nivalis  (Fitch)
    
                                             References
                                                                               Notes
    
    
    
    
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    -------
               I'nr.imetcrs
        parvula Banks
    
    
    
    References
                                                                                Notes
    
    
    
    
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    3*
                                               389
    

    -------
    I'nrnmetcrs
    Taeniopter-yx starki Stewart & Szczytko
    
    
    
    
                  References
                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
    3=
    
    
    
    •^
    H 4-1
    4-1 e
    K
    ,
    C
    
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    V
    b.
    
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    Acidophilous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Mesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
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    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Steno thermal
    Hetachenaal
    Eurythermal
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    Pond
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    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
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    Spring
    Summer
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    Predator
    Herbivore
    Omnivcre
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                                      390
    

    -------
               Parameters
    Tri-snaka diversa (Prison)
    
    
             References
                                                                                     Notes
    
    
    
    
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                                                 391
    

    -------
                Parameters
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                                                   References
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    a) U
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          General Habitat (continued)
    
    
          (109) temporary str
                                                   392
    

    -------
         I'.-irametcrs
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    see below
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    General Habitat (continued)
    
    
    
    
    109) 6000-9250' el
    
    
    
    
    
    
    55,109) temporary str
                                            393
    

    -------
                I'.'i dimeters
    Utaoapnia oolwnbiana (Claassen)
    
               References
                                                                                        Notes
    
    5C
    ta.
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                I'.'irametcrs
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                                      396
    

    -------
    1'arametcrs
    Utaaapnia logana (Nebeker & Gaufin)
    
    
    
    
                References
                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
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                                      397
    

    -------
    I'.-irametcrs
    Utaaapn-ia poda (Nebeker & Gaufin)
    
    
    
    
               References
                                                                          Notes
    
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                                      398
    

    -------
         1'nr.imetcrs
    Utaaapnia sierra (Nebeker & Gaufin)
    
    
    
    
                 References
                                                                              Notes
    
    
    
    
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    (80)  30-75 ppm m.o.  alkalinity
                                           399
    

    -------
    I'nr.imctcrs
    Utaoapnia trava (Nebeker & Gaufin)
    
    
    
    
                 References
                                                                         Notes
    
    
    
    
    ffi
    
    
    
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    u C
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    Alkalibiontic
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    Saprophilic
    Facultative
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    Oligoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
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    Stenothermal
    Hetathemal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
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    Predator
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                                      400
    

    -------
               parameters
                                           Utaperla sopladora  Ricker
    
    
    
                                                  References
                                                                                    Notes
    
    
    
    
    «
    
    
    
    — 1
    •-> C
    2
    I
    C
    to  vi
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    -C E
    

    -------
                r.-ir.imetcrs
    Visoka cataractae (Neave)
    
    
    
    
           References
                                                                                       Notes
    
    
    
    
    w
    
    
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    Neutral
    AlkaJiphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    He so trophic
    Olipotrophic
    Dysttophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Sapropliobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Olieoxyphiious
    Euthermal
    Mesothermal
    01 i go thermal
    S t en o thermal
    Hetathermal
    Eurytbermal
    Eulichtopbilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
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    Limnobiontic
    Linnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheoohilous
    Rheobiontic
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    Epibenthic
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    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Winter '
    Sprinp
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    Predator
    Herbivore
    ftnnivore
    Scavenger
    !M
    r-~
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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         1'nrnnetcrs
    Yugus bulbosus (Prison)
    
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    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    SprinR
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Ctoinivcre-
    Scavenger
    m
    a.
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    Tf
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    f
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    ,
    (95)  10 ppm CaC03  alkalinity
         8.7-17.6 ymhos conductivity
         4.05-9.84 mg/1 t.  phosphorus
    

    -------
                                     Zapada ainatipes (Banks)
         Parameters
                           References
                                                                               Notes
    
    
    
    
    •x.
    
    
    
    •H
    iJ C
    z
    I
    C
    CD tn
    ca u
    kl -H
    o
    
    r>l
    
    
    
    n
    v. cu
    0) LJ
    e *j
    ,
    -n U
    1J "H
    <-
    
    iJ
    C
    (0
    u
    ti
    5
    u
    
    ^ tJ
    n re
    lj u
    Q) -H
    C ,3
    u «
    U X
    
    
    u
    •rt iJ
    iw (d
    -H U
    (J -H
    ai .n
    a ra
    w 3:
    
    
    1 «
    H U
    u c
    E 
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    CO
    ro
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    -------
         rar.imet.crs
                                  Zapada colimbiana  (Claassen)
    
    
    
                                            References
                                                                              Notes
    
    EC
    O.
    Nutri-
    ent
    c
    to in
    60 U
    U -H
    O
    o
    Tempera-
    ture
    lurbid-
    ity
    Current
    General
    Habitat
    Emer- Specific
    gence Habitat
    60
    • C
    i-t
    0)
    bu
    Acidobiontic
    Acidophilous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    He so trophic
    Oligotrophic
    Dystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxenous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxyphilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Olif-oxyphilous
    Euthermal
    fiesothermal
    Oligothermal
    Steno thermal
    Metatherraal
    Eurythermal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    ?olylic.htophilous
    Oligolichtophilous
    Limnobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheophilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixylous
    Epiphytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predator
    Herbivore
    Connive re
    Scavenger
    cs
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    K
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    cc
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    -a
    \o
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    o
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    K
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    o
    CO
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    o
    o
    rH
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    CM
    O
    •H
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    o
    .-i
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    co
    o
    rH
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    o
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    rH
    i-l
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    r-l
    i-l
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    ~
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (8) 1605-2280 m el
    (72) mid-high el
    (80) 1900 m el
    (100) 6000-10000' el
    Kff belrrw
    
    
    
    General Habitat (continued)
    
    
    
    
    (110) high elev
    
    
    
    
    (2) seep
    
    
    
    
    
    
    (80) 30-75 ppm m. o. alkalinity
                                           407
    

    -------
                r.'immeters
    Zapada aovdilleya (Baumann & Gaufin)
    
    
                  References
                                                                                       Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
    1
    1-1
    M u
    *J C
    3 «
    
    I
    C
    n 01
    00 CJ
    Li -H
    o
    
    ts
    
    
    i
    nj
    >-i U
    u n
    D. 3
    e .
    U -r^
    C->
    
    4-1
    C
    QJ
    Id
    V-
    a
    u
    
    K rt
    U -H
    U ffl
    
    
    
    •H 4J
    •H a
    •ri U
    U -H
    U JD
    a. a
    tfl K
    
    
    tJ U
    M c
    e u
    
    60
    c
    1-1
    •o
    V
    b.
    
    AcldoMontlc
    Acidoplillous
    Neutral
    Alkaliphilous
    Alkalibiontic
    Indifferent
    Eutrophic
    Hesotrophic
    Oligotrophic
    Uystrophic
    Saprophilic
    Facultative
    Saproxcnous
    Saprophobic
    Euoxypliilous
    Mesoxyphilous
    Olieoxyphilous
    Euthermal
    Hesothermal
    OligoChermal
    Steno thermal
    Metathermal
    Eurytherrnal
    Eulichtophilous
    Mesolichtophilous
    Polylichtophilous
    Oligolichtophilous
    Lironobiontic
    Limnophilous
    Indifferent
    Rheoohilous
    Rheobiontic
    Lake
    Pond
    River
    Stream
    Other
    Epibenthic
    Embenthic
    Epipelic
    Episabulic
    Epilithic
    Epixylous
    _Epipliytic
    Winter
    Spring
    Summer
    Autumn
    Predatoi
    Herbivore
    ttnnivcre
    Scavenger
    rsl
    i-(
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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    td u
    3 -H
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    -------
         tetrameters
    Zapada frigida (Claassen)
    
    
    
    
    
            References
                                                                              Notes
    
    
    
    
    ffi
    
    
    
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    (80)  30-75 ppm m.o.  alkalinity
                                           409
    

    -------
                                       Zapada glacier (Baumann & Gaufin)
    
    
    
                                                   References
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          References
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    -------
                                   Zapada oregonensis (Claassen)
    
                                             References
                                                                               Notes
    
    
    
    
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    Eurythennal
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    General Habitat (continued)
    (109) 6750-9250' el
    (122) 213,198,152 m el
    (80) 30-75 ppm m.o. alkalinity
    

    -------
                Parameters
    Zealeuctra arnoldi- Ricker & Ross
    
    
    
               References
                                                                                       Notes
    
    
    
    
    ffi
    
    
    
    •*
    i-t C
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    -------
    J'.-ir.imetcrs
    ZealeuotTO, alaasseni  (Prison)
    
    
    
    
              References
                                                                           Notes
    
    
    
    
    X
    
    
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    -------
                                       TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                                (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
     1. REPORT NO.
      EPA-600/4-78-062
                                  2.
                                                                3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION*NO.
     4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
     ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS AND POLLUTION  TOLERANCE OF
     PLECOPTERA
                     5. REPORT DATE
    
                      October 1978  issuing  date
                     6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
     7. AUTHOR(S)
    
     Rebecca F. Surdick  and Arden R. Gaufin
                     8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
     9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
     Department of Biology
     University of Utah
     Salt Lake City,  UT   84112
                                                                1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                        PE 1BD612
                     11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
    
                        R-803537-01
     12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
     Environmental Monitoring & Support Lab,
     Office of Research  & Development
     J,S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
     Cincinnati. OH  45268
                      13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
    - Cinn, OH
    Final
                      14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                         EPA/600/06
     15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
     16. ABSTRACT
          Environmental  requirements associated with 363 North American species of the
     freshwater insects  of the order Plecbptera (stoneflies) were  investigated.  Profile
     forms on each species, representing a  compilation of information  surveyed from
     selected published  sources, indicate the  ranges of environmental  conditions under
     which the species has been found.  Ecological  parameters considered include:  pHs
     nutrients, organic  pollution, dissolved oxygen concentration,  temperature, turbidity,
     current and general  and specific habitats, seasonal emergence  of  adults, feeding
     behavior and geographical distribution.   The report is designed to be applicable to
     water quality investigations and to provide a  baseline from which further ecological
     and systematic research is encouraged.
    17.
                                    KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                      DESCRIPTORS
                                                  b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                   c. COSATl Field/Group
     Indicator Species
     Aquatic Biology
     Water Quality
     Environmental Engineering
     Benthos
     Ecology
     Freshwater  -
           Plecoptera
           Stoneflies
           Nymphs
           Pollution Tolerance
          Aquatic  Insects
                 6C
                 6F
                 6T
     8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                                   19. SECURITY CLASS {This Report)
                                                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                   21. NO. OF PAGES
                                         423
                                                  2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
    
                                                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                   22. PRICE
    EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
      417
                                                                          *U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1975— 657-060/1514
    

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