v> EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Prevention, Pesticides
And Toxic Substances
733-K-94-001
June 1994
Pesticides Industry Sales
And Usage
1992 and 1993 Market
Estimates
-------
-------
Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
1992 and 1993 Market Estimates
by
Arnold L. Aspelin
Biological and Economic Analysis Division
Office of Pesticide Programs
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
June 1994
-------
-------
Contents
Introduction 1
Overview „ 1
Acknowledgments 1
Highlights of Report , 2
Current Survey Activities . 3
Pesticide Use/Risk Reduction
Initiative 5
Pesticide Market Estimate
Tables and Charts,
1993 and Earlier Years .....7-34
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—/
-------
-------
Introduction
This report provides an overview of the pesticide industry for 1992 and 1993. It contains a series of
tables with estimates of the U.S. market for those two years. The tables contain information on quantities
used and user expenditures (by economic sector and pesticide class), imports, exports, numbers of firms/
individuals involved in production/use of pesticides, number of pesticides, certified applicators and on a
number of other topics. Much of the tabular information is for the years 1992 and 1993, but historical data
are also presented. Graphic versions of the data are included along with a number of the tables. The
following page presents a number of highlights of this year's report and page 7 is a listing of the tables in
the report.
Overview
Pesticide usage in the U.S. has been relatively stable at about 1.1 billion pounds of active ingredient
during recent years. The agricultural share of pesticide usage (see Table 10) appears to have stabilized at
about three-fourths of the total after increasing steadily throughout the 1960s and 1970s, primarily due to
the expanded use of herbicides in crop production. Growth in the use of pesticides has been slowed by:
lower application rates due to the introduction of more potent pesticides, more efficient use of pesticides,
and lower farm commodity prices. USDA and EPA are working together with commodity groups to
develop plans to reduce use/risk of pesticides as part of a food safety initiative.
The volume of pesticides used for non-agricultural purposes in the US. also has been quite stable in
recent years at about 275 million pounds of active ingredient (a.i.). This equals about 1.1 pounds per capita
in the U.S. (average for 250 million people). Considering all usage, including agricultural, U.S. pesticide
usage equals somewhat more than 4 pounds per capita (4.2 pounds in 1993).
The Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA, is conducting a national survey of pesticide applications by
certified/commercial pesticide applicators in the U.S. The survey field enumeration was conducted in
early 1994 and results are to be available by Fall 1994.
If you have questions regarding this report or need further information, please contact Arnold
Aspelin, Economist, BEAD/OPP/EPA (7503W), 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460—telephone
(703) 308-8136.
Acknowledgments
The author of this report would like to acknowledge the valuable assistance provided by the
following outside sources:
• John Wilkin and Marypat Corbett, Doane Marketing Research, St. Louis, MO for assistance in
estimation of agricultural usage and markets, and
• Phil Calderoni, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA for assistance in estimating non-agricultural
and world markets for pesticides.
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—7
-------
Highlights of Report
• U.S. pesticide user purchases account for one-third of the world market in dollar terms and one-
fourth of active ingredient (Table 1).
• Annual U.S. pesticide user expenditures totalled approximately $8.5 billion in 1993 (Table 2).
($8.2 billion in 1992)
• Agriculture accounts for over two-thirds of pesticide user expenditures and three-fourths of the
quantity used annually (Tables 2 & 3).
• Herbicides are the leading type of pesticides, in terms of both user expenditures and volumes used
(Tables 2 & 3).
• About 1.1 billion pounds of active ingredient of conventional pesticides are used annually in the U.S.
(Table 4). This usage involves about 21,000 pesticide products and 860 active ingredients registered
under the Federal Pesticide Law (Table 8).
• Total U.S. pesticide usage in 1993 was about 2.2 billion pounds of active ingredient. (This figure
includes wood preservatives, and disinfectants.) (Table 4)
• Farmers' expenditures on pesticides equal about 4.2% of total farm production expenditures, up from
3.9%inl991(TflWe5).
• Costs to registrants to meet EPA requirements represent roughly 3.6% of U.S. pesticide expenditures
by user community (Table 6).
• Net usage of conventional pesticides of about 1.1 billion pounds derives from U.S. production of 1.3
billion, imports of 0.2 billion, and exports of 0.4 billion (pounds of active ingredient of conventional
pesticides) (Table 7).
• Significant numbers of firms/individuals are involved in the production/distribution of pesticides:
-- 120 leading producers -- 7,300 producing establishments
- - 2,200 formulators - - 17,200 distributors (Table 8)
• The use of pesticides occurs on more than 900,000 farms and in about 69 million households (Table 8).
• The two most widely used pesticides in U.S. agricultural crop production by volume are the
herbicides atrazine and metolachlor (Table 9a).
• There were 20 new active ingredients registered as pesticides under FIFRA in calendar year 1993
(Table 11) (up from 11 in 1992).
• There are about 1.3 million certified pesticide applicators in the U.S. (Table 12). Of these, most are for
agricultural applications (nearly 1.0 million) and the remainder (0.35 million) are certified commer-
cial applicators (Table 12).
• FJPA is nearing completion of a survey of the usage of pesticides by certified/commercial applicators
as mandated by Congress in 1988. Results of that survey will be available in late 1994, based on
current plans. (See following section)
2—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Current Survey Activities
In recent years, through a series of coordinated initiatives, EPA and USDA have been improving
information available on pesticide usage. Each Agency has accomplished this through expanded survey-
ing activities with EPA focusing on non-agricultural usage sites and USDA focusing on agricultural usage
sites. This section highlights current activities of EPA and USDA including an overview of EPA's survey
of certified/commercial pesticides applicators and USDA's general crop surveys.
It should be noted that EPA also previously completed the National Home and Garden Pesticide Use
Survey which was featured in the last edition of the Pesticide Industry Sales and Usage report (Fall 1992).
Certified/Commercial Pesticide Applicator Survey
The 1993 Certified/Commercial Pesticide Applicator Survey (C/CPAS) is the initial EPA effort to
collect the needed pesticide usage data from the non-agricultural certified applicator population in order
to compile a report to be submitted to the Congress in compliance with the Congressional mandate from
the 1990 Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act.
The survey is providing quantitative information on non-agricultural usage of pesticides by certi-
fied/commercial applicators. The following certification categories as defined in 40 CFR Part 171 are
covered by the survey:
• Ornamental and Turf Pest Control;
• Aquatic Pest Control;
• Right-of-Way Pest Control;
• Industrial, Institutional, Structural and Health;
• Related Pest Control; and
• Public Health Pest Control.
The 1993 C/CPAS is a national survey of non-agricultural pesticide applicator firms and individual
applicators. Many of these applicators are with firms which provide pest control services for clients on a
for-hire basis. Coverage also includes applicators working for private companies that apply pesticides
only on their own premises as well as applicators who work for Federal, State or local government
agencies. A total of 5,504 firms and individual applicators were selected in a random, national sample of
this portion of the industry. Of the total, over 2,600 questionnaires have been completed to represent
chemical usage. Field enumeration was conducted during February and March, 1994. Preliminary
tabulations were not available in time for publication in this report but a comprehensive report is expected
before the end of 1994.
Pesticides which are registered by EPA for usage on non-agricultural sites and used by these
applicators (or applied under their supervision) are included in the survey. The survey results will include
product-specific quantitative information based on purchase records. Also, specific usage patterns will be
examined on a sample basis from applicator records of particular pesticide applications.
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—3
-------
Key Data Items
• Identification of each pesticide used by product name formulation and EPA registration number.
• Quantity of each product used by type of usage and principal target pest.
• Counts of individual applications of pesticide by: applicator, site and target pest.
For further information about the applicator survey, contact Alan R. Goozner, Statistician, BEAD/
OPP/EPA (7503W), 401M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460—telephone (703)308-8147. For informa-
tion about the overall pesticide usage program, contact Robert F. Esworthy, Chief, Economic Analysis
Branch, (same address)—telephone (703) 308-8040.
Agricultural Pesticide Usage Surveys
Since 1990, USDA has been collecting more extensive and more frequent data on agricultural
pesticide usage. This is a result of the multi-agency Water Quality and Food Safety Initiatives designed to
provide more information for farmers, ranchers and foresters to address water quality, and other environ-
mental issues including pesticide usage. Under the Water Quality and Food Safety Initiatives, USDA's
National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) has been given the responsibility of collecting on-farm
agricultural pesticide usage information along with fertilizer usage information.
NASS's data collection and reporting activities on agricultural pesticide usage are extensive. In-
cluded are annual surveys of usage on field crops, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. This is part of NASS's
overall mission to collect and publish current statistics for the Nation's agriculture including production,
supplies, marketings, prices, weather, and other production inputs. The agricultural pesticide usage
surveys are part of the NASS's regular surveying activities directed by a Washington, DC staff and
implemented by 45 State Statistical Offices (SSO) that annually survey thousands of farmers.
The pesticide usage surveys cover all significant field crops, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Specific
crops covered in major categories include:
• Field Crops
—Corn, cotton, potatoes, rice, soybeans, and wheat.
• Vegetable Crops
• Fruit Crops
• Nut Crops
- Almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, and walnuts.
For each crop, major producing states are surveyed, usually accounting for 70% to 90% of the acreage
grown. Results are reported for individual states and in aggregate for "major states". The surveys
provide usage information on individual chemicals and the type of information reported includes percent
of acres on which a chemical is applied, average number of applications per crop year, rate of active
ingredient per application and per crop year, and total pounds of active ingredient applied.
For more information about USDA/NASS pesticide usage surveys, contact Sam Rives, USDA/
NASS, 14th & Independence Ave. S.W., Room 5170S, Washington, DC 20250—telephone (202) 720-3896.
4—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Pesticide Use/Risk
Reduction Initiative
The Pesticide Use/Risk Reduction initiative, announced in June 1993, is a joint effort of the United
States Department of Agriculture, the United States Food and Drug Administration and EPA to reduce the
use of pesticides that pose unreasonable risks to humans and the environment. Through a coordinated
strategy, the federal government is committed to work with all affected interests (including commodity
organizations, public interest groups, federal, state and local government agencies, researchers and
industry representatives) to develop a plan which reduces the risks posed by pesticides while maintaining
cost-effective pest control methods.
Pesticide usage information plays an important role in the development, implementation and
monitoring of the pesticide use/risk reduction strategy. First, pesticide usage information assists in the
strategy development phase by outlining the current baseline of pesticide usage and identifying current
and historical trends. Second, such information will assist in the strategy implementation phase by
serving as an input to the exposure and hazard components of a pesticide risk assessment. Finally,
pesticide usage information will assist in the successful monitoring of the effectiveness of the pesticide
use/risk reduction strategy by providing information on trends with respect to whether the strategy is
having the intended results.
For further information about this initiative, contact Martin S. Lewis, Regulatory Impact Analyst,
BEAD/OPP/EPA (7503W), 401M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460—telephone (703) 308-8144.
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—5
-------
-------
Pesticide Market Estimate Tables aind
Charts, 1993 and Earlier Years
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Tables.
Table 9a.
Table 9b.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Table 15.
Table 16.
PAGE
US. and World Conventional Pesticide Sales at User Level,
1993 Estimates (and corresponding charts) 8
User Expenditures for Conventional Pesticides in the U.S. by Class and Sector,
1992 and 1993 Estimates (and corresponding chart) 10
Volume of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in U.S. by
Class and Sector, 1992 and 1993 Estimates (and corresponding chart) 12
U.S. Usage of Conventional Pesticides and Other Types, 1990-1993
Estimates 14
Importance of Conventional Pesticide Expenditures to U.S. Farmers,
1991-1993 Estimates 15
Annual Costs to Pesticide Registrants to Meet EPA Requirements
Compared to Total User Expenditures for Conventional Pesticides in U.S.,
1991-1993 Estimates 15
US. Production, Imports, Exports, and Net Supply of Conventional Pesticides,
Producer Level, 1990 -1993 Estimates (and corresponding chart) 16
U.S. Pesticide Production, Marketing and User Sectors; Profile of Numbers
of Units Involved, 1993/94 18
Quantities of Pesticides Most Commonly Used in U.S. Agricultural
Crop Production 19
Quantities of Pesticides Most Commonly Used in Non-Agricultural
Sectors of US 19
United States Conventional Pesticide Usage, Total and Estimated
Agricultural Sector Share, 1964-1993 (and corresponding chart) 20
Number of Chemicals Registered for First Time as Pesticides Under FTFRA,
by Type, Calendar Years 1967-1993 (and corresponding chart) 22
Number of Certified Applicators in the US.,
1993 Estimates (and corresponding charts) 24
US. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Type,
1979-1993 (and corresponding chart) 26
US. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Sector and Type,
1979-1993 (and corresponding charts) 27
US. Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides, by Type,
1979-1993 (and corresponding chart) 30
U.S. Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides, by Sector and Type,
1979-1993 (and corresponding charts) 31
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—7
-------
Table 1.
U.S. and World Conventional Pesticide Sales at User Level, 1993 Estimates.
Pesticide
Class
U.S. Market World
(Million)
User Expenditures (Millions of
Herbicides
Insecticides
Fungicides
Other
Total
Volume of Active
Herbicides
Insecticides
Fungicides
Other
Total
(%) (Million)
$>
$4,756 56%
2,550 30%
584 7%
594 7%
$8,484 100%
Ingredient (Millions of Ib
620 57%
247 23%
131 12%
83 8%
1,O81 1OO%
$11,700
7,900
4,130
1,550
$25,280
s,>
2,110
1,625
535
230
4,500
Market
(%)
46%
31%
16%
6%
100%
47%
36%
12%
5%
1OO%
U.S. % of
World Market
41%
32%
14%
38%
34%
29%
15%
24%
36%
24%
NOTE: Totals may not add due to rounding.
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on NACA annual surveys and other sources.
8—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
U.S. vs. World Conventional Pesticide Sales
User Expenditures, 1993
$30,OOOM
$25,OOOM
$20,OOOM
$15,OOOM
$10,OOOM
$5,OOOM
$0
U.S. Market
World Market
Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides Other TOTAL
U.S. vs. World Conventional Pesticide Sales
Volume of Active Ingredient, 1993
4500
Millions of Ibs.
U.S. Market
World Market
Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides Other
TOTAL
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—9
-------
Table 2.
User Expenditures for Conventional Pesticides in the U.S. by Class and Sector,
1992 and 1993 Estimates.
Sector
1992 1
Agriculture
Ind./Comm./Govt.
Home & Garden
Total
Herbicides1 Insecticides2 Fungicides3 Other4 TOTAL
($M) (%) ($M) (%) ($M) (%) ($M) (%) ($M) (%)
$3,915 84%
540 12%
215 5%
$4,670 100%
$1,216 49%
415 17%
850 34%
$2,481 100%
$405 77%
105 20%
15 3%
$525 100%
$424 73%
50 9%
105 18%
$579 100%
$5,960 72%
1,110 13%
1,185 14%
$8,255 100%
1993 |
Agriculture
Ind./Comm./Govt.
Home & Garden
Total
$3,987 84%
550 12%
219 5%
$4,756 100%
$1,248 49%
427 17%
875 34%
$2,550 100%
$461 79%
107 18%
16 3%
$584 100%
$434 73%
52 9%
108 18%
$594 100%
$6,130 72%
1,136 13%
1,218 14%
$8,484 100%
NOTE; Totals may not add due to rounding.
SOURCE' EPA estimates based on NACA annual surveys and other sources.
FOOTNOTES:
1 Includes plant growth regulators.
2 Includes miticides and contact nematicides.
3 Includes sulfur but not wood preservatives.
4 Includes rodenticides, fumigants, and molluscicides, but does not include wood preservatives, and disinfec-
tants.
10—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
U.S. User Expenditures for Conventional Pesticides, 1993 Estimates
$5,OOOM
$4000M
$3,OOOM
$2,OOOM
$1,OOOM
Industrial/Commercial/
Government
Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides
Other
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—11
-------
Table 3.
Volume of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Class and Sector, 1992 and 1993 Estimates.
Sector
1992
Agriculture
Ind/Comm./Govt.
Home & Garden
Total
Herbicides1 Insecticides2 Fungicides3 Other4 TOTAL
(Wllb.) (%) (Mlb.) (%) (Mlb.) (%) (Mlb.) (%) (M Ib.) (%)
511 79%
110 17%
26 4%
647 100%
181 71%
43 17%
31 12%
255 100%
74 62%
35 29%
1 1 9%
120 100%
73 90%
5 6%
3 4%
81 100%
839 76%
193 17%
71 6%
1,103 100%
1993
Agriculture
lnd./Comm./Govt.
Home & Garden
Total
481 78%
112 18%
27 4%
620 100%
171 69%
44 18%
32 13%
247 100%
84 64%
36 27%
1 1 8%
131 100%
75 90%
5 6%
3 4%
83 100%
81 1 75%
197 18%
73 7%
1,081 100%
NOTE: Totals may not add due to rounding.
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on NACA annual surveys and other sources.
FOOTNOTES:
1 Includes plant growth regulators.
2 Includes minades and contact nematicides.
3 Includes sulfur but not wood preservatives.
4 Includes rodenticides, fumigants, and molluscicides, but does not include wood preservatives, and disinfec-
tants.
12—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
U.S. Volume for Conventional Pesticides, 1993 Estimates
700
Millions of IDS.
600 --
500
Industrial/Commercial/
Government
100
Herbicides
Insecticides Fungicides
Other
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—13
-------
Table 4.
U.S. Usage of Conventional Pesticides and Other Types, 1990—1993 Estimates.
Type
Conventional Pesticides
Wood Preservatives
Disinfectants1
Total
Billion Pounds a.i.
'l99dT * 1091 , 1&£ /JT993 /
1.09
.77
.29
2.15
1.08
.80
.30
2.18
1.10
.82
.31
2.23
1.08
.83
.32
2.23
SOURCE: EPA estimates.
FOOTNOTES:
1 This estimate is for disinfectants but not other antimicrobials. It includes food
industries, swimming pools/spas, cooling towers, and household and commer-
cial/industrial uses. It does not include chlorine products registered with EPA for
disinfectant or drinking water treatment uses.
14—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Tables.
Importance of Conventional Pesticide Expenditures to U.S. Farmers,
1991-1993 Estimates.
1991 1992 1993
$BiHion Percent $Biltian Percent $Biiiion Percent
Farm
Total
Pesticides Expenditures1
Farm Production
Expenses2
5.70
146.6
3.9%
100%
5.96
145.4
4.1%
100%
6.13
147.3
4.2%
100%
SOURCE: USD A and EPA estimates.
FOOTNOTES:
1 Excludes wood preservatives, and disinfectants.
2 USDA, 1994.
Table 6.
Annual Costs to Pesticide Registrants to Meet EPA Requirements Compared to
Total User Expenditures for Conventional Pesticides in U.S.,
1991-1993 Estimates.
1991 1992 1993
$MEilHon Percent fl/Iillian Percent ^Million Percent
Pesticide User Expenditures
Registrant Compliance Costs1
7,913 100%
275 3.5%
8,255 100%
289 3.5%
8,484 100%
303 3.6%
SOURCE: EPA estimates, based on the NACA survey data and EPA.
FOOTNOTES:
1 Total compliance costs for registrants to meet EPA requirements for registrations and for other
FIFRA/FFDCA requirements, estimated for 1991 and increased for 1992 and 1993 by 5 percent per year.
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—15
-------
Table 7.
U.S. Production, Imports, Exports, and Net Supply of Conventional Pesticides at
Producer Level, 1990-1993 Estimates.
Category
U.S. Production
U.S. Imports
Total Supply
U.S. Exports
Net Supply/Usage
Active Ingredient
(in billions of Ibs.)
1.30
0.18
1.48
0.39
1.09
1.28
0.20
1.48
0.40
1.08
1.32
0.20
1.30
0.21
1.52 1.51
0.42
0.44
1.10 1.07
(in
$7.60
$1.61
$9.21
$2.49
$6.72
Sales
billions
$7.78
$1.76
$9.54
$2.36
$7.18
Value
of dollars)
1992 19|3
$8.01
$2.10
$10.10
$2.41
$7.69
$8.25
$2.16
$10.41
$2.48
$7.93
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on NACA Surveys, Department of Commerce Publications, and other sources.
16—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
U.S. Production, Imports, Exports and Net Supply of
Conventional Pesticides, 1993 Estimates
Active Ingredient (in !bs.'
U.S. Production
U.S. Imports
Total Supply
1.51B
Exports
0.44B
Net Supply/
Usage
1.07B
Sales Value
U.S. Production
U.S. Imports
Total Supply
$10.418
Exports
S2.48B
Net Supply/
Usage
$7.938
NOTE: B = billion
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—1 7
-------
Table 8.
U.S. Pesticide Production, Marketing and User Sectors;
Profile of Numbers of Units Involved, 1993/94 Estimates. (Approximate Values)
7.
8.
9.
PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
Basic Production
20
100
860
Major Basic Producers
Other Producers
Active Ingredients with Active Registrations
(Sec. 3 or 24{c))
4. Active Ingredients with Food/Feed Tolerances
-Raw ag. commodity
-Raw animal product
-Process food
-Process feed
Total Commodities
5. Number of Tolerances in Place (4/94)
-Raw ag. commodity (Sec. 408}
-Food Additive
-Feed Additive
6. Chemical Cases for Re-registration
-Pre-FIFRA '88
-Post-FIFRA '88
Active Ingredients for Re-registration
-Pre-FIFRA '88
-Post-FIFRA '88
Re-registrations Completed by
3/31/94 involving:
-Active Ingredients
-Products
-Tolerances
New Active Ingredients Registered
-1992 11
-1993 20
10. Total Employment 6,000-10,000
11. Producing Establishments 7,300
453
278
17
74
45
414
9,341
8,873
216
252
612
405
1,138
590
96
3,063
259
Distribution and Marketing
1. Formulators
-Major national
-Other
2. Distributors and Establishments
-Major national
-Other
3. Formulated Products Registered
-Federal level
-State/24(c)
150-200
2,000
250-350
16,900
21,560
18,360
3,200
USER LEVEL
Agricultural Sector
1. Land in Farms 991M acres
2. Harvested 289M acres
3. Total No. Farms 2.1M
4. No. Farms Using Chemicals for:
-Insect on hay/crops 554,000
-Nematodes 66,000
-Diseases on crops/orchards 129,000
-Weed/grass/bush 913,000
-Defoliation/fruit thinning 75,000
(above are '87 census no.s)
5. No. Private Pesticide
Applicators Registered 965,700
1. No. Commercial Pest
Control Firms
2. No. Certified
Commercial Applicators
1. Tota U.S. Households
2. No. Households Using; -('90)
-Insecticides
-Fungicides
-Herbicides
-Repellents
-Disinfectants
-Any pesticides
35,000-
40,000
351,600
94M
52M
36M
14M
17M
40M
69M
SOURCE: EPA estimates.
18—32/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Table 9a.
Quantities of Pesticides Most Commonly Used in U.S. Agricultural Crop Production
(Approximate Quantities, 1993)
Pesticide
Usage in Million Pounds a.i.
Atrazine
Metolachlor
Sulfur
Alachlor
Methyl-bromide
- Cyaiwine
blehioropropene
2,4-D
j&/tetanft Sodium
Triflttrafin
Petroleum Oil
Pendimethalin
Glyphosate
EPTC
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorothalonit ,/
" Propanil "
Dioamba
Terbufas ;j
Mancozeb
Copper Hydroxide
Parathion
Simazine
Butylate
70-75
60-65
45-50
45-50
30-35
30-35^ ' - ^
30«35 -
,; „ 25-30 / ,
as -.30 ' ,
„ 20-25.
20-25
20-25
15-20
10-15
10-15
, ' '" 10-15'
, fff
"' 5- 8 ' '
4- 7
4- 7
4- 7
3- 6
3- 6
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on a variety of sources.
Table 9b.
Quantities of Pesticides Most Commonly Used in Non-Agricultural Sectors of U.S.
(Approximate Quantities, 1993)
Pesticide Usage in Million Pounds a.i.
2,4-D
Chlorpyrifos
Diazinon
Glyphosate
Malathion
Dicamba
Diuron
Naled
MCPP
Carbaryl
12-
9-
8 —
4-
4-
3-
3-
3-
3-
2-
15
12
10
6
6
5
5
5
5
4
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on a variety of sources.
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—19
-------
Table 10.
United States Conventional Pesticide Usage, Total and Estimated Agricultural
Sector Share, 1964-1993.
Year
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
NOTE:
SOURCE:
Total U.S. Agricultural
Million Ibs. a.i.
540
610
680
735
835
775
740
835
875
910
950
990
1,030
1,075
1,110
1,058
1,075
1,101
1,056
963
1,080
1,112
1,096
1,087
1,130
1,070
1,086
1,077
1,103
1,081
320
335
350
380
470
430
430
495
525
560
. 590
625
660
720
780
840
846
860
815
733
850
861
820
814
845
806
834
817
839
811
Excludes wood preservatives and disinfectants.
EPA estimates.
Sector
59%
55%
51%
52%
56%
55%
58%
59%
60%
62%
62%
63%
64%
67%
70%
79%
79%
78%
77%
76%
79%
77%
75%
75%
75%
75%
77%
76%
76%
75%
20—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
U.S. Conventional Pesticide Usage and Agricultural Sector Share, 1964-1993
1400
Million Ibs. a.i.
Year
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—21
-------
Table 11.
Number of Chemicals Registered for First Time as Pesticides Under FIFRA,
by Type, Calendar Years 1967-1993.
TYPE
Year Insecticide Herbicide Fungicide
Bactericide/
Slimicide Nematicide Rodenticide Other
Total Total
Uses Chemicals
Registered Registered
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
4
6
7
1
0
4
5
6
8
2
1
2
8
4
4
5
5
6
8
2
3
2
5
1
4
3
4
2
2
4
2
1
5
3
8
11
3
1
2
2
3
3
5
5
1
1
7
5
5
5
3
2
4
5
2
5
0
2
1
6
4
6
5
2
0
0
4
1
2
1
3
2
1
0
0
1
3
2
4
4
7
5
4
2
3
1
5
2
0
11
4
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
2
1
6
3
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
0
5
16
18
14
10
5
21
15
22
36
12
3
5
17
11
16
17
14
14
13
12
12
11
15
8
12
12
21
16
18
14
10
4
17
13
22
35
12
3
5
17
11
16
17
14
13
10
11
11
11
15
8
12
11
20
SOURCE: EPA registration files.
22—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Total New Chemical Active Ingredient Pesticide Registrations
First-time Registrations, 1967-1993
Number of Registrations
35 T-
30 --
cvico-13-iocot^oorooi-cvico
000000000005 CD 05 O>
0
Year
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—23
-------
Table 12.
Number of Certified Applicators in the U.S., 1993 Estimates.
EPA Region1
Private2
Commercial3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
U.S. Total4
7,240
49,802
48,801
217,815
149,228
248,095
131,492
56,324
26,576
30,142
965,692
8,703
54,607
25,760
69,406
54,254
30,572
27,606
14,376
47,912
18,365
351,561
SOURCE: EPA 5700-33H form that states submit to EPA Regions each year.
FCXDTNOTES:
1
2
3
4
See following page for map of EPA Regions.
The term "private applicators" refers primarily to individual fanners.
Commercial refers to professional pesticide applicators.
TheU.S.Totalsdonotaddbecausesomeapplicatorsarecertifiedinmore than one
Region.
24—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Certified Pesticide Applicators, 1993
l Commercial
Private
U.S. EPA Regional Map
92*93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—25
-------
Table 13.
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Type, 1979-1993.
Year
Pesticide 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Millions of Ibs. a.i.
Herbicides 560
Insecticides 378
Fungicides 66
Other 54
Total 1,058
555
395
78
47
1,075
570
405
80
46
1,101
544
391
76
45
1,056
575
255
78
55
963
675
270
80
55
1,080
670
300
82
60
1,112
655
295
86
60
1,096
645
260
122
60
1,087
660
268
132
70
1,130
655
226
111
78
1,070
644
245
116
81
1,086
628
249
120
80
1,077
647
255
120
81
1,103
620
247
131
83
1,081
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates.
(Millions of Ibs.)
Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage
(Total U.S. Volume, by Type 1979-1993)
liOJU
i
innn -
ftnn -
ouu
600 -
ouu ,
400 I
20Q -
nJ
_____ ^-\
" * "^AV. X' A A ' A"^ Total
>»r
.• • m u Herbicides
^ • - •- • »- 1
O CK _n
NV ___r>--— a n-^_ Insecticides
^-Q Q U "-1 ^
_^
1 1 1 1 + + + 4— 1 1 1 1 1 1
.
i
I
Fungicides
Other
79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93
Year
26—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Table 14.
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Sector and Type, 1979-1993.
AGRICULTURE
Year
Pesticide
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Millions of Ibs. a.i.
Herbicides
Insecticides
488
302
Fung.& Other 90
Total
840
445
306
95
846
456
309
95
860
430
295
90
815
445
185
103
733
545
200
105
850
525
225
111
861
500
210
110
820
505
179
130
814
510
185
150
845
520
151
135
806
516
173
145
834
495
175
147
817
511
181
147
839
481
171
159
811
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates, Annual publications, 1979-1993
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage in Agriculture
(by Type 1979-1993)
(Millions of Ibs.)
000
nnn
700
600 •
500 •
400 •
300 •
200 -
100 -
0 -
— »•». , — ^
"x^-x Total
S— — ^
"-- — • ^-s Herbicides
N
V
x, _- — • — Insecticides
^— • ^•- ^^^^ — —
79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93
Year
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—27
-------
Table 14. (continued)
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Sector and Type, 1979-1993.
IND./COMM./GOVT.
Pesticide
Year
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Herbicides
Insecticides
Millions of Ibs. a.i.
84
38
Fung. & Other 18
Total
140
82
47
18
147
86
48
19
153
86
48
19
153
105
40
20
165
105
40
20
165
115
40
21
176
125
45
25
195
115
45
40
200
120
45
40
205
110
45
40
195
103
42
38
183
108
44
39
191
110
43
40
193
112
44
41
197
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates, Annual publications, 1979-1993
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage in Industry, Commercial, & Government
(Millions of Ibs.)
(by Type 1979-1993)
200
150
100
Total
Herbicides
Insecticides
Fung. & Other
•4 1-
•+•
-» I 1 1-
•+•
H —J-
79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93
Year
28—92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Table 14- (continued)
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Sector and Type, 1979-1993.
HOME AND GARDEN
Pesticide
Year
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Herbicides
Insecticides
Total
28
38
Fung.& Other 12
77
Millions of Ibs. a.i.
28
42
12
82
28
48
12
85
28
48
12
88
25
30
10
65
25
30
10
65
30
35
10
75
30
40
11
81
25
36
12
73
30
38
12
80
25
30
14
78
25
30
14
69
25
30
14
69
26
31
14
71
27
32
14
73
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates, Annual publications, 1979-1993
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage in Home & Garden
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
(Millions of Ibs.)
(by Type 1979-1993)
Tot°'
Insecticides
Herbicides
Fung. & Other
H h
-t-
•i 1-
H h
-J-
H 1-
+
79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93
Year
92/93 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—29
-------
------- |