&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Prevention, Pesticides
And Toxic Substances (7503W)
733-R-97-002
August 1997
Pesticides Industry Sales
And Usage
1994 and 1995 Market
Estimates
-------
Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
1994 and 1995 Market Estimates
by
Arnold L. Aspelin, Ph. D.
Biological and Economic Analysis Division
Office of Pesticide Programs
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
August 1997
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Contents
Page
List of Tables and Charts ii
Introduction 1
Acknowledgments 1
Overview 2
Highlights of Report 4
Agency Survey
Responsibilities 5
About this Report 6
Pesticide Market Estimate
Tables and Charts,
1995 and Earlier Years 7-35
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—/
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List of Tables and Charts
Table 1 .
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 1 1 a.
Table 1 1 b.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Table 15.
Table 16.
PAGE
U.S. and World Pesticide Sales at User Level,
1995 Estimates (and corresponding charts) [[[ 8
User Expenditures for Pesticides in the U.S. by Class and Sector,
1994 and 1995 Estimates (and corresponding chart) ............................................. 10
Volume of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in U.S. by Type,
Class, and Sector, 1994 and 1995 Estimates (and corresponding chart) ............ 12
U.S. Usage of Conventional Pesticides and Other Types, 1994-1995
Estimates [[[ 14
Importance of Pesticide Expenditures to U.S. Farmers,
1993-1995 Estimates [[[ 15
U.S. Production, Imports, Exports, and Net Supply of Conventional Pesticides,
Producer Level, 1994/95 Estimates (and corresponding chart) ......................... 16
U.S. Pesticide Production, Marketing and User Sectors; Profile of Numbers
of Units Involved, 1994/95 [[[ 18
Quantities of Most Commonly UsedConventional Pesticides
in U.S. Agricultural Crop Production, 1995 [[[ 19
Quantities of Pesticides Most Commonly Used in Non-Agricultural
Sectors of U.S
20
United States Conventional Pesticide Usage, Total and Estimated
Agricultural Sector Share, 1964-1995 (and corresponding charts) ..................... 22
Number of Active Ingredients Registered for First Time as Pesticides Under
FIFRA, by Type, Calendar Years 1967-1995 (and corresponding chart) ........... 24
Number of Active Ingredients Registered for First Time as Pesticides Under
FIFRA, by Classification: Safer (reduced-risk) or other pesticides,
Calendar Years 1990-1995 [[[ 25
Number of Certified Applicators in the U.S.,
1995 (and corresponding charts) [[[ 26
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Type, All Economic Sectors
Combined, 1979-1995 (and corresponding chart) ................................................. 28
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Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage:
1994 and 1995 Market Estimates
Arnold L. Aspelin, Ph. D.*
Introduction
This report provides an overview of the pesticide industry for 1994 and 1995. It contains a
series of tables with estimates of the U.S. market for those two years. The tables contain information
on quantities used and user expenditures (by economic sector and pesticide class), imports, exports,
numbers of firms/individuals involved in production/use of pesticides, number of pesticides,
certified applicators and on a number of other topics.
Much of the tabular information in this report is for the years 1994 and 1995, but historical data
are also presented. In a number of cases, the historical estimates of volume used and dollar
expenditures have been updated (reestimated) as presented in tables 13 through 16 in this report.
Care should be taken to use the new values in this report rather than earlier editions. The estimates
of usage are presented for new, more specific categories (types) of usage than in earlier editions of
this report. (See Table 3 column headings and discussion of the new categories in the section titled,
"About This Report".) Graphic representations of the data are included along with a number of the
tables.
* Arnold Aspelin is Senior Economic Advisor, Biological and Economic Analysis Division,
Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA. If you have questions regarding this report or need further
information, please contact the author at the following address: BEAD/OPP/EPA (7503W),
401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460—telephone (703) 308-8136 or email:
ASPELIN.ARNOLD@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV.
Acknowledgments
The author of this report would like to acknowledge the valuable assistance provided by the
following outside sources:
0 John Wilkin, Marypat Corbett, and Greg Malcom, Doane Marketing Research, St. Louis, MO,
and Sam Moore, Maritz Marketing Research, St. Louis, MO, (agricultural usage and markets),
0 Phil Calderoni and Sally Landels, SRI Consulting, Menlo Park, CA (non-agricultural and world
markets for pesticides), and
0 Mancer Cyr and Gillian Morris, Kline & Co., Fairfield, NJ (non-agricultural markets
and biocide usage).
Also, recognition is accorded for the efforts of reviewers of the draft versions of this
report including:
0 Sam Rives, Van Johnson, M. Padgitt, and Jim Smith of USDA; Roger Holtorf, Bob Torla,
Steve Nako, Art Grube, Ed Brandt, EPA; Steve Wanser, USITC/DOC; Leonard Gianessi,
National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy; and Dan Francke, DPRA, Manhattan, KS.
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—7
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Overview
Pesticides of various types are used in most sectors of the U.S. Economy. In general terms, a
pesticide is any agent used to kill or control undesired insects, weeds, rodents, fungi, bacteria or
other organisms. Thus, the term "pesticide" includes insecticides, herbicides, rodenticides, fungi-
cides, nematicides, and acaracides as well as disinfectants, fumigants, wood preservatives and plant
growth regulators. Pesticides play a vital role in controlling agricultural, industrial, home/garden
and public health pests. Many crops, commodities and services in the U.S. could not be supplied in
an economic fashion without control of pests with chemicals or by other means. As a result, goods
and services can be supplied at lower costs and/or with better quality. These economic benefits from
pesticide usage are not achieved without potential risks to human health and the environment due
to the toxicity and potency of pesticide chemicals. For this reason, the chemicals are regulated under
the pesticide laws to avoid unacceptable risks.
Pesticide Types
In terms of the chemicals involved, a majority of the active ingredients registered as pesticides
(about 875 currently) are "conventional" pesticides, i.e., ones developed and produced primarily for
use as pesticides. However, there are also other chemicals produced mostly for other purposes some
of which are used as pesticides. Notable examples are chlorine, sulfur, and petroleum which are
used as pesticides. Also, there are industrial wood preservatives and biocides, which are not
generally included in the term conventional pesticides. All of these types of pesticides are regulated
under the Pesticide Laws (principally the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act—
FIFRA) administered by EPA in cooperation with other Federal Agencies (such as FDA and USDA)
and the States.
Overall Quantities of Pesticides Used
About 4.5 billion pounds of chemicals are used as pesticides in the U.S. in a typical year
(measured on basis active ingredient). For 1995, the quantities used are estimated, by type of
pesticide, as follows:
Type
Conventional pesticides
Other pesticide chemicals (sulfur, petroleum, etc.)
Subtotal
Wood preservatives
Specialty biocides
Chlorine /hypochlorites
Total
Bil. of Ibs.
.97
.25
2.22
.72
.26
2.32
4.52
Percent
21
6
27
16
6
51
100
Conventional pesticides and "other pesticide chemicals" (e.g., sulfur, petroleum, etc.) account
for about one-fourth of the total pesticide active ingredient used in the U.S. (1.22 billion pounds or 27
percent of the total). A majority of these pesticides is used in agriculture to produce food and fiber
(77 percent or 939 million pounds of active ingredient in 1995), with the remainder used in industry/
government applications and by homeowners. With usage of 1.22 billion pounds for conventional
2—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
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pesticides plus other pesticide chemicals, the U.S. accounts for about one-fifth of such usage world
wide. Chlorine/hypochlorites are the leading type of pesticides in the U.S., with half of the U.S. total.
Wood preservatives and specialty biocides make up the remainder of the U.S. total of 4.52 billion
pounds in 1995. The above quantities equal 4.6 pounds per capita in the U.S. for conventional
pesticides plus sulfur, etc., and 17.0 pounds per capita for the total of all types.
Expenditures for Pesticides
The pesticide industry is quite significant in dollar terms. Annual expenditures by users of
pesticides totalled $11.3 billion in 1995 (conventional pesticides plus sulfur, etc.). Of this, 70 percent
was for use in agriculture (a total of $7.9 billion — an average of nearly $4,200 per farm in the U.S. —
for 1.9 million farms). The U.S. total of $11.3 billion equals $43 per capita in the U.S. The average U.S.
household had expenditures of about $20 for pesticides applied by the homeowner. (This does not
include expenditures for pesticides applied to homes and gardens by others for hire.) The U.S.
accounts for nearly one-third of pesticide user expenditures world wide.
Numbers of Pesticide Producers and Users
The U.S. pesticide sector involves the following numbers of firms and individuals (approximate
numbers); major pesticide manufacturers (18); other manufacturers (100); manufacturing workers
(6-10,000); producing establishments (7,300); formulators (2,200); distributors/establishments (17,000);
farms using pesticides (1.4 mil. out of 1.9 mil. total); commercial pest control firms (35-40,000);
certified commercial applicators (384,000); households using pesticides (70 mil. out of 95 mil. total).
Trends in Conventional Pesticide Usage
Agriculture: Usage of conventional pesticides on farms increased from about 400 mil. Ibs. in
the mid-1960s to a peak of nearly 850 mil. Ibs. around 1980, primarily due to the widespread
adoption of herbicides in crop production. Since that time, usage has been somewhat lower and has
varied from a low of 658 mil. Ibs. in 1987 to a high of 786 mil. Ibs in 1994 (active ingredient basis).
Pesticide usage in agriculture can vary considerably from year to year depending on weather, pest
outbreaks, crop acreage and economic factors such as crop prices.
Usage of conventional pesticides in agriculture increased noticeably in 1994 (by about 11
percent over 1993) due to more acreages grown for important pesticide-using crops (principally corn
and soybeans) and due to impacts of floods/unseasonable weather during the 1993/94 period in
midwest and western states. The total U.S. acreage of corn and soybeans grown increased about 7
mil. in 1994 over 1993. Acreages of cotton, rice and sunflowers also increased in 1994. The flooding in
1993 accelerated weed infestation problems in 1994, resulting in more herbicide usage. The need for
herbicides in 1994 was intensified due to wet soil conditions and reduced usage of post-harvest
herbicide applications in 1993. Also flooding conditions had the effect of moving weed seeds into
new areas. Within midwest states, the areas most affected by flooding had reduced herbicide usage
in 1993 compared to other areas. Then, in 1994, herbicide usage in the most affected areas increased
much more than in the less flooded areas. Herbicides accounted for most of the increase in agricul-
tural pesticide usage in 1994 over 1993 (60 mil. out of 80 mil. pound increase in conventional usage).
Other Sectors: In the non-agricultural sectors, conventional pesticide usage reached a peak of
more than 300 mil. Ibs. in the 1970s and has declined rather consistently since 1980—to a level of
about 200 mil. Ibs. in 1995. Most of this decline is due to less usage in the industrial / commercial /
governmental sector (referred to as the professional market) which totalled 128 mil. Ibs. in 1995.
Usage of conventional pesticides by homeowners is estimated at 74 mil. Ibs. for 1995.
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—3
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Highlights of Report
U.S. pesticide user purchases account for nearly one-third of the world market in dollar terms
and about one-fifth of the active ingredient (Table 1).
Annual U.S. pesticide user expenditures totalled approximately $11.3 billion in 1995 (Table 2).
($10.6 billion in 1994)
Agriculture accounts for more than two-thirds of pesticide user expenditures and three-fourths
of the quantity used annually (Tables 2 & 3).
Herbicides are the leading type of pesticides, in terms of both user expenditures and volumes
used (Tables 2 & 3).
About 1.0 billion pounds of active ingredient of conventional pesticides are used annually in
the U.S. (Table 4).
Total U.S. pesticide usage in 1995 was about 4.5 billion pounds of active ingredient. This figure
includes conventional pesticides (1.0 billion Ibs.) plus industrial wood preservatives, biocides,
and certain other chemicals used as pesticides (Table 4). This usage involves about 21,000
pesticide products and 875 active ingredients registered under the Federal Pesticide Law
(Table 7).
Farmers' expenditures on pesticides were equal to 4.6% of total farm production expenditures
in 1995, up from 3.9% in 1993 (Table 5).
Net usage of conventional pesticides of about 1.0 billion pounds derives from U.S. production
of 1.3 billion, imports of 0.2 billion, and exports of 0.5 billion (pounds of active ingredient of
conventional pesticides) (Table 6).
The use of pesticides occurs on about three-fourths of the Nation's farms (1.4 million out of 1.9
million) and households (70 million out of 95 million) (Table 7).
The most widely used pesticide in U.S. agricultural crop production by volume is the herbicide
atrazine (Table 8). The herbicide 2, 4-D has the largest volume of usage in the non-agricultural
sectors (Table 9).
In 1994, conventional pesticide usage in agriculture increased to 786 million pounds from 706
in 1993, or by about 11 percent, and declined about 2 percent in 1995 (Table 10). The significant
increase in agricultural pesticide usage in 1994 was due to (1) acreage increases for several
pesticide intensive crops and (2) exceptional pest control problems associated with major
flooding and unseasonable weather in midwest and western states. For the non-agricultural
sectors, conventional pesticide usage declined in both 1994 and 1995 (Table 10).
There were 31 new active ingredients registered as pesticides under FIFRA in 1995 (30 in 1994)
(Table 11). Of these new active ingredients, more than one-half were "safer" pesticides (biologi-
cal or other reduced risk) (Table lib).
There are about 1.34 million certified pesticide applicators in the U.S. (Table 12). Of these, most
are for agricultural applications (about 960,000) and the remainder (384,000) are certified
commercial applicators (Table 12).
4—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
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Agency Survey Responsibilities
In recent years, through a series of coordinated initiatives, EPA and USDA have been improv-
ing information available on pesticide usage. Each Agency has accomplished this through expanded
surveying activities, with EPA focusing on non-agricultural usage sites and USDA focusing on
agricultural usage sites. Surveys of pesticide usage by homeowners and by commercial applicators
have been conducted by EPA since 1990. For further information about EPA pesticide survey and
data activities, contact Alan R. Goozner, Statistician, BEAD/OPP/EPA (7503W), 401 M Street, SW,
Washington, DC 20460—telephone (703) 308-8147 or e-mail at Goozner.Alan@EPAmail.EPA.gov
Since 1990, USDA (NASS and ERS) has been collecting more extensive and frequent data on
agricultural pesticide usage. USDA's data collection and reporting activities on agricultural pesti-
cide usage include annual surveys of usage on field crops and alternate-year surveys for selected
vegetables, fruits, and nuts. The pesticide usage surveys cover the most significant field crops,
vegetables, fruits, and nuts. For each crop, major producing states are surveyed, usually accounting
for 70% to 90% of the acreage grown. Results are reported for individual states and in aggregate for
"major states". For more information about USDA pesticide usage surveys, contact Sam Rives,
USDA/NASS, 14th & Independence Ave. S.W., Room 4162 S. Agriculture Building, Washington, DC
20250—telephone (202) 720-2248.
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—5
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About this Report
EPA, along with the States and other agencies such as USD A, is responsible for regulation of the
production and use of pesticides in the U.S., under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act of 1947 (FIFRA). This report is designed to provide contemporary and historical economic
profile information on the U.S. pesticide producing and using sectors covered by state/federal
regulatory programs mandated under FIFRA. Economic profile information is provided on a variety
of topics, particularly the pesticide market in terms of dollar values and quantities of active ingredi-
ent. Reports have been prepared on this topic by the EPA Pesticide Program covering the years since
1979.
In this report, quantities and dollar values for pesticide usage are reported with separate
breakouts for agriculture, home/gar den (homeowner applications) and industrial/commercial/
governmental (professional market). They are also reported by commonly used pesticide class
categories, e.g., herbicides /plant growth regulators and insecticides/miticides. The definitions for
economic sectors and pesticide classes are presented in notes below Tables 2 and 3. The definitions
of pesticide categories (types) used in this report are different than those used in reports for earlier
years. This report breaks out pesticide usage into a 10 column format instead of the previous five
columns. The historical tables for earlier years have been revised to use the new 10 column format
(e.g. tables 13 and 14).
There are no programs at EPA or other agencies devoted specifically to estimation of the overall
pesticide market in quantitative and dollar terms each year. Accordingly, the report is prepared
based on the best information from the public domain and proprietary sources where they are
available for use in estimation. The numbers presented in the report should be considered approxi-
mate values rather than precise values with known statistical properties, but are thought to quite
accurately show trends over time.
The Agency has available a wide variety of published and proprietary information upon which
to base estimates. Extensive files and library materials are maintained at EPA/OPP on pesticide
usage. For the agricultural sector, which accounts for a majority of use of conventional pesticides,
the Agency has available six national data bases/services including those in the U.S. Department of
Agriculture plus a number of more specific and limited data sources. For the non-agricultural sector,
there is a similar number of sources of information upon which to make national estimates. For both
the agricultural and non-agricultural estimates, some use is made of proprietary data sources, with
the permission of vendors, for purposes of arriving at annual estimates of quantities sold and sales
values. The proprietary sources used by EPA are well known organizations, which are also utilized
by registrants and other private sector firms.
The methods used by the various sources of information to make estimates vary from large
statistically based panels (e.g., more than 15,000 respondents annually) to use of largely unstruc-
tured interview / survey approaches. Each one must be considered on its merits in judging the
usefulness and relevance to making the needed annual market estimates. Corroboration and cross
checking are used where possible. One of the problems with some of the existing databases is lack of
consistency in coverage, scope, and sampling from year to year, making some sources less useful for
computing changes from year to year.
6—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
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Pesticide Market Estimate
Tables and Charts,
1995 and Earlier Years
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—7
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Table 1.
U.S. and World Pesticide Sales at User Level, 1995 Estimates.
Pesticide
Class1
U.S. Market
(Million) (%)
World Market
(Million) (%)
U.S. % of
World Market
User Expenditures (Millions of $)
Herbicides $6,276
Insecticides 3,552
Fungicides 798
Other 690
Total
$11,316
55%
32%
7%
6%
100%
$16,237
12,465
6,355
2,639
$37,696
43%
33%
17%
7%
100%
39%
29%
13%
26%
30%
Volume of Active Ingredient (Millions of Ibs.)
Herbicides
Insecticides
Fungicides
Other
Total
556
137
77
452
1,222
46%
11%
6%
37%
100%
2,210
1,500
550
1,450
5,710
39%
26%
10%
25%
100%
30%
9%
14%
31%
21%
NOTE: Totals may not add due to rounding.
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on SRI Staff input, American Crop Protection Association (ACPA) annual surveys,
USDA reports, other published reports, and proprietary data.
FOOTNOTES:
1 Does not include industrial wood preservatives, specialty biocides and chlorine/hypochlorites. See
definitions of pesticide classes below tables 2 and 3.
8—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
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U.S. vs. World Pesticide Sales
User Expenditures, 1995
$40,000
$35,000
$30,000
Millions of $
U.S. Market
World Market
Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides Other
TOTAL
U.S. vs. World Pesticide Sales
Volume of Active Ingredient, 1995
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
Millions of Ibs.
U.S. Market
World Market
Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides Other TOTAL
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—9
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Table 2.
User Expenditures for Pesticides in the U.S. by Class and Sector,
1994 and 1995 Estimates.
Sector 2
1994 (
Agriculture
Ind./Comm./Govt.
Home & Garden
Total
Herbicides/ Insecticides/
Plant Growth Regs. Miticides Fungicides
($M) (%) ($M) (%)
$4,808 81%
679 11%
456 8%
$5,944 100%
$1,453 45%
528 16%
1,261 39%
$3,244 100%
($M) (%)
$585 79%
132 18%
24 3%
$741 100%
Other1 TOTAL
($M) (%) ($M) (%)
$451 68%
65 10%
151 23%
$667 100%
$7,297 69%
1,404 13%
1,893 18%
$10,594 100%
1995
I
Agriculture $5,112 81%
Ind./Comm./Govt. 700 11%
Home & Garden 465 7%
Total
$6,276 100%
$1,710 48%
543 15%
1,299 37%
$3,552 100%
$638 80%
136 17%
24 3%
$798 100%
$469 68%
66 10%
155 22%
$690 100%
$7,929 70%
1,445 13%
1,943 17%
M1,317 100%
NOTES: Totals may not add due to rounding.
Does not include industrial wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on ACPA annual surveys, USDA reports, other published reports, and proprietary data.
FOOTNOTES:
1 Includes nematicides, fumigants, rodenticides, molluscicides, aquatic, fish/bird pesticides, other
miscellaneous conventional pesticides plus other chemicals used as pesticides. (See Table 3 for more detail.)
2 Sector Definitions:
Quantities and expenditures for pesticides in the U.S. are divided among economic sectors as follows:
Agriculture— applications by owner/operators and custom/commercial applicators to farms and facilities
involved in production of raw agricultural commodities, principally food, fiber and tobacco; includes
non-crop/post harvest usage as well as crop/field applications;
Ind. /Comm. /Govt:—applications by owner/operators and custom/commercial applicators to industry,
commercial and governmental facilities, buildings, sites and land;
plus: custom/commercial applications to homes and gardens, including lawns;
Home & Garden:—homeowner applications to homes and gardens, including lawns; single and multiple unit
housing.
70—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
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U.S. User Expenditures for Conventional Pesticides, 1995 Estimates
$7,OOOM
$6,OOOM
Agriculture
Industrial/Commercial/
Government
Home & Garden
Herbicides/Plant Insecticides/ Fungicides
Growth Regs. Miticides
Other
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—77
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Table 3.
Volume of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Type, Class, and Sector, 1994 and 1995 Estimates.
Conventional Pesticides
Q t 3 Herbicides/ Insecticides/
aecior RantGrowthRegs Miticides
1994
(Mlb.) (%) (Mlb.) (%)
I!
Agriculture 485 83%
Ind./Comm./Govt. 52 9%
Home& Garden 46 8%
Total
583 100%
90 65%
30 22%
18 13%
138 100%
Fungicides
(Mlb.) (%)
48 61%
23 29%
8 10%
79 100%
Fumigants/
Nematicides Other1
Total
(Mlb.) (%) (Mlb.) (%) (Mlb.) (%)
138 83%
27 16%
1 1%
166 100%
25 76%
7 21%
1 3%
33 100%
786 79%
139 14%
74 7%
999 100%
Other Pesticides
Sulfur/
Oil Other2 Total
(Mlb.) (%) (Mlb.) (%) (Mlb.) (%)
134 83%
12 7%
15 9%
161 100%
29 35%
8 10%
46 55%
83 100%
163 67%
20 8%
61 25%
244 100%
Total
(Mlb.) (%)
949 76%
159 13%
135 11%
,243100%
1995
Agriculture
I
461 83%
Ind./Comm./Govt. 48 9%
Home& Garden 47 8%
Total
556 100%
91 66%
29 21%
17 12%
137 100%
49 64%
20 26%
8 10%
77 100%
145 85%
25 15%
1 1%
171 100%
25 78%
6 19%
1 3%
32 100%
771 79%
128 13%
74 8%
973 100%
138 83%
14 8%
15 9%
167 100%
30 37%
8 10%
44 54%
82 100%
168 67%
22 9%
59 24%
249 100%
939 77%
150 12%
133 11%
1,222100%
NOTES: Totals may not add due to rounding.
Does not include industrial wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on ACPA annual surveys, USDA reports, other published reports, and proprietary data.
FOOTNOTES:
1
Includes rodenticides, molluscicides, aquatic, fish/bird pesticides, insect regulators, and other
misc. pesticides.
2 Includes sulfuric acid, insect repellents, zinc sulfate and other misc. chemicals produced largely for
non-pesticidal purposes. Moth control chemicals (e.g., paradichlorobenzene and negehthaline are not
included in totals presented).
3 Sector Definitions:
Quantities and expenditures for pesticides in the U.S. are divided among economic sectors as follows:
Agriculture— applications by owner/operators and custom/commercial applicators to farms and facilities
involved in production of raw agricultural commodities, principally food, fiber and tobacco; includes
non-crop/post harvest usage as well as crop/field applications;
Ind. /Comm. /Govt:—applications by owner/operators and custom/commercial applicators to industry,
commercial and governmental facilities, buildings, sites and land;
plus: custom/commercial applications to homes and gardens, including lawns;
Home & Garden:—homeowner applications to homes and gardens, including lawns; single and multiple unit
housing.
12—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
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U.S. Volume for Pesticide Usage, 1995 Estimates
CONVENTIONAL PESTICIDES
Millions of Ibs
0
Agriculture
Industrial/Commercial/
Government
Herbicides/ P.
Growth Regs.
Insecticides/
Miticides
Fungicides
Fumigants/
Nematicides
Other
CONVENTIONAL AND OTHER PESTICIDE CHEMICALS
Conventional
Pesticides
Other Pesticide
Chemicals
Total
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—73
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Table 4.
U.S. Usage of Conventional and Other Types of Pesticides ,
1994-1995 Estimates.
Million Pounds a.i.
Type
Conventional Pesticides
Sulfur, petroleum (oil, distillates, etc.), sulfuric acid, and
other misc. chemicals used as pesticides
Wood Preservatives 1
Specialty Biocides by End Use
— Swim pools, spas, ind. water treatment 2
— Disinfectants and sanitizers 3
— Other 4
Subtotal
Chlorine/ hypochlorites
— Disinfection of potable and waste water
— Bleaching disinfectant and pools
Subtotal
Total
1994 1995
999
244
703
170
31
47
248
1,350
900
973
249
725
175
32
50
257
1,390
925
2,250 2,315
4,444 4,519
SOURCES: Wood Preservatives— AWPI report for 1994. EPA estimate for 1995.
Biocides — Kline & Co. staff input.
Chlorine/Hypo. — Report for Chlorine Institute by Charles River Assoc's., April 1993.
FOOTNOTES:
1 Includes water and oil borne preservatives, fire retardants and creosote/coal tar/petroleum
preservatives.
2 Specialty biocides only. Does not include hypochlorite or chlorine consumption, which is
reported separately.
3 Includes industrial / institutional applications and household cleaning products. Specialty biocides only.
Does not include hypochlorite or chlorine consumption, which is reported separately.
4 Includes biocides for adhesives and sealants, leather, synthetic latex polymers, metalworking fluids,
paints and coatings, petroleum products, plastics, and textiles. Does not include: hospital and medical
antiseptics, food and feed preservatives, and cosmetics/toiletries.
These latter types of usage are not included, as they are regulated largely by FDA under US FD&CA,
rather than FIFRA. FDA and EPA share regulatory responsibilities over some of the speciality biocide
usage reported in the table.
14—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Table 5.
Importance of Pesticide Expenditures to U.S. Farmers,
1993-1995 Estimates.
Farm
Total
Pesticides Expenditures1
Farm Production
Expenses2
1993
$Billion
6.13
156.5
1994 1995
% $Billion % $Billion %
3.9%
100%
7.3
162.8
4.4%
100%
7.9
170.8
4.6%
100%
FOOTNOTES:
1 EPA Estimates (Tables 2 and 16).
2 USDA/ERS, 1997.
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—75
-------
Table 6.
U.S. Production, Imports, Exports, and Net Supply of Conventional Pesticides
at Producer Level, 1994/95 Estimates.
Category
U.S. Production
U.S. Imports
Total Supply
U.S. Exports
Net Supply/Usage
Active Ingredient
(in billions of Ibs.)
1994/95
1.3
0.2
1.5
0.5
1.0
Sales Value
(in billions of dollars)
1994/95
7.0
2.2
9.2
2.6
6.6
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on ACPA Surveys, Department of Commerce Publications, tabulations and other
sources.
16—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
U.S. Production, Imports, Exports and Net Supply of
Conventional Pesticides, 1994/95 Estimates
Active Ingredient (in Ibs.)
U.S. Production
U.S. Imports
Total Supply
1.5B
Exports
0.5B
Net Supply/
Usage
1.0B
Sales Value
U.S. Production
U.S. Imports
Total Supply
$9.2B
Exports
$2.6B
Net Supply/
Usage
$6.6B
NOTE: B = billion
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—77
-------
Table 7.
U.S. Pesticide Production, Marketing and User Sectors;
Profile of Numbers of Units Involved, 1994/95 Estimates. (Approximate Values)
PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
Basic Production
1. Major Basic Producers
2. Other Producers
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Active Ingredients with Active Registrations
(Sec. 3 or 24 (c))
Active Ingredients with Food/Feed Tolerances
Number of Commodities with one or more
Tolerances
-Raw ag. commodity
-Raw animal product
-Process food
-Process feed
Total Commodities
Number of Tolerances in Place (3/96)
-Raw ag. commodity (Sec. 408)
-Food Additive
-Feed Additive
Chemical Cases for Re-registration
-Pre-FIFRA '88
-Post-FIFRA '88
8. Active Ingredients for Re-registration
-Pre-FIFRA '88
-Post-FIFRA '88
9. Re-registrations Completed by
9/30/95 involving:
-Reregis, Eligiblity Docs. Issued
-Active Ingredients
-Products
-Tolerances reassessed
10. New Active Ingredients Registered
-1994
-1995
11. Total Employment
12. Producing Establishments
18
100
876
489
282
17
74
45
418
9,649
9,147
230
272
612
405
1,138
590
121
170
4,633
1,000
30
31
6,000-10,000
7,300
Distribution and Marketing
1. Formulators
-Major national 150-200
-Other 2,000
2. Distributors and Establishments
-Major national 250-350
-Other 16,900
3. Formulated Products with Registrations (6/96) 21,058
-Federal level 17,897
-State/24 (c) 3,161
USER LEVEL
Agricultural Sector
1. Land in Farms 945M acres
2. Harvested 296M acres
3. Total No. Farms 1.9M
4. No. Farms Using Chemicals for:
-Insect on hay/crops 480,000
-Nematodes 54,000
-Diseases on crops/orchards 121,000
-Weed/grass/bush 757,000
-Defoliation/fruit thinning 63,000
-Any or all of the above 1,449,000
(above are '92 census no.s)
5. No. Private Pesticide
Applicators Registered 960,087
Ind./Comm./Gov't Sector
1. No. Commercial Pest 35,000-
Control Firms 40,000
2. No. Certified
Commercial Applicators 384,003
Home & Garden Sector
1. Total U.S. Households ('94) 95M
2. No. Households Using; -('94)
-Insecticides 53M
-Fungicides 36M
-Herbicides 14M
-Repellents 17M
-Disinfectants 40M
-Any pesticides 70M
3. U.S. Population ('95 est.) 265M
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on Agency file infor-
mation and various other sources.
18—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Table 8.
Quantities of Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticides
in U.S. Agricultural Crop Production
(Approximate Quantities in 1995 and with Earlier Years)
1995
1. Atrazine
2. Metolachlor
3. Metam Sodium
4. Methyl Bromide
5. Dichloropropene
6. 2,4-D
7. Glyphosate
8. Cyanazine
9. Pendimethalin
10. Trifluralin
11. Acetochlor
12. Alachlor
13. EPIC
14. Chlorpyrifos
15. Chlorothalonil
16. Copper Hydroxide
17. Propanil
18. Dicamba
19. Terbufos
20. Mancozeb
21. Fluometuron
22. MSMA
23. Bentazone
24. Parathion
25. Sodium Chlorate
Mil. Ibs. Al
68-73
59-64
49-54
39-46
38-43
31 -36
25 -30
24 -29
23 -28
23-28
22 -27
19-24
9-13
9-13
8-12
7-11
6-10
6-10
6- 9
6- 9
5- 9
4- 8
4- 8
4- 7
4- 6
1993
Rank Mil. Ibs. Al
1
2
8
3
6
7
11
5
10
9
—
4
12
13
14
20
15
16
17
19
—
—
18
21
70-75
60-65
25-30
49-57
30-35
25 -30
15-20
30-35
20-25
20-25
0
45 -50
10-15
10-15
10-15
4-7
7-12
6-10
5-8
4-7
NA
NA
4-7
4-7
NA
1987
Rank Mil. Ibs. Al
1
3
15
—
4
5
17
7
10
6
—
2
8
14
19
40
13
23
11
21
—
—
15
12
20
71-76
45-50
5-8
NA
30-35
29-33
6-8
21-25
10-13
25-30
0
55-60
17-21
6-9
5-7
1-2
7-10
4-6
8-10
4-6
NA
NA
6-9
8-10
5-7
Earlier Years
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on proprietary data.
NOTE: List is limited to conventional pesticides. Does not include
sulfur usage (79-89 mil. Ibs. in 1995) and petroleum oil/
distillates usage (50-57 mil. Ibs. in 1995).
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—79
-------
Table 9.
Quantities of Pesticides Most Commonly Used in Non-Agricultural Sectors of U.S.
(Approximate Quantities, 1994/95)
Home and Garden Market
(Homeowners applications)
Pesticide
Mil.lbs.
1. 2,4-D
2. Glyphosate
3. Dicamba
4. MCPP
5. Diazinon
6. Chlorpyrifos
7. Carbaryl
8. Benefin
9. Dacthal
7 -
5 -
3 -
3 -
2 -
2 -
1 -
1 -
1 -
9
7
5
5
4
4
3
3
3
NOTE: Does not include moth control: Paradichlorbenene (30-35 mil. Ibs./yr.) and
naphthaline (2-4 mil. Ibs./yr.). Also does not include insect repellent: N,N-diethyl-
meta-toluamide (5-7 mil. Ibs./yr.)
Industrial/Commercial/Gov't
(Owner and Hired Professional)
Pesticide
Mil. Ibs.
1. 2,4-D
2. Chlorpyrifos
3. Glyphosate
4. Methyl Bromide
5. Copper Sulfate
6. MSMA
7. Diazinon
8. Diuron
9. Malathion
10-13
9-13
8-11
6- 8
5- 7
3-4
3-4
2-4
2- 3
NOTE: Does not include usage of sulfur and petroleum/oils.
SOURCE: EPA estimates based on a variety of sources.
20—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—21
-------
Table 10.
United States Conventional Pesticide Usage, Total and Estimated Agricultural
Sector Share, 1964-1995.
Year
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
Total
Million
Ibs. a.i.
647
683
705
728
757
792
798
865
885
926
1009
1054
1069
1109
1127
1144
1121
1123
1096
1040
1085
1052
1025
917
954
973
976
955
967
929
999
973
U.S.
%
Change
5.6%
3.2%
3.3%
4.0%
4.6%
0.8%
8.4%
2.3%
4.6%
9.0%
4.5%
1 .4%
3.7%
1 .6%
1 .5%
-2.0%
0.2%
-2.4%
-5.1%
4.3%
-3.0%
-2.6%
-10.5%
4.0%
2.0%
0.3%
-2.2%
1 .3%
-3.9%
7.5%
-2.6%
Agricultural
Million
Ibs. a.i.
366
396
414
429
457
491
499
528
575
607
688
729
753
794
813
843
826
831
805
749
801
780
755
658
699
722
728
716
735
706
786
771
%of
Total U.S.
57%
58%
59%
59%
60%
62%
63%
61%
65%
66%
68%
69%
70%
72%
72%
74%
74%
74%
73%
72%
74%
74%
74%
72%
73%
74%
75%
75%
76%
76%
79%
79%
Sector
%
Change
8.2%
4.5%
3.6%
6.5%
7.4%
1 .6%
5.8%
8.9%
5.6%
13.3%
6.0%
3.3%
5.4%
2.4%
3.7%
-2.0%
0.6%
-3.1%
-7.0%
6.9%
-2.6%
-3.2%
-12.8%
6.2%
3.3%
0.8%
-1 .6%
2.7%
-3.9%
11.3%
-1 .9%
INIon-Ag.
Million
Sectors
%
Ibs. a.i. Change
281
287
291
299
300
301
299
337
310
319
321
325
316
315
314
301
295
292
291
291
284
272
270
259
255
251
248
239
232
223
213
202
2.1%
1 .4%
2.7%
0.3%
0.3%
-0.7%
12.7%
-8.0%
2.9%
0.6%
1 .2%
-2.8%
-0.3%
-0.3%
-4.1%
-2.0%
-1 .0%
-0.3%
0.0%
-2.4%
-4.2%
-0.7%
-4.1%
-1 .5%
-1 .6%
-1 .2%
-3.6%
-2.9%
-3.9%
-4.5%
-5.2%
NOTE: Conventional pesticides only, excluding sulfur, petroleum oil, wood preservatives, biocides, etc.
SOURCE: EPA estimates.
22—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
U.S. Conventional Pesticide Usage: Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Sectors
Share, 1964-1995
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Million Ibs. a.
Non-Agriculture
1200
1000
Million Ibs. a.i.
1200 Million lbs-a-'-
Non-Agriculture
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—23
-------
Table 11 a.
Number of Active Ingredients Registered for First Time as Pesticides
Under FIFRA, by Type, Calendar Years 1967-1995.
TYPE
Bactericide/
Year Insecticide Herbicide Fungicide Slimicide Nematicide Rodenticide Other
Total Total
Uses Chemicals
Registered Registered
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
4
6
7
1
0
4
5
6
8
2
1
2
8
4
4
5
5
6
8
2
3
2
5
1
4
3
4
14
15
2
2
4
2
1
5
3
8
11
3
1
2
2
3
3
5
5
1
1
7
5
5
5
3
2
4
5
4
3
2
5
0
2
1
6
4
6
5
2
0
0
4
1
2
1
3
2
1
0
0
1
3
2
4
4
7
8
6
5
4
2
3
1
5
2
0
11
4
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
2
1
6
3
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
0
5
3
2
16
18
14
10
5
21
15
22
36
12
3
5
17
11
16
17
14
14
13
12
12
11
15
8
12
12
21
30
31
16
18
14
10
4
17
13
22
35
12
3
5
17
11
16
17
14
13
10
11
11
11
15
8
12
11
20
30
31
SOURCE: EPA registration files.
24—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Total New Active Ingredient Pesticide Registrations
First-time Registrations, 1967-1995
Number of Registrations
35 T
Year
Table 11 b.
Number of Active Ingredients Registered for First Time as Pesticides
Under FIFRA, by Classification Safer (reduced-risk) or Other Pesticides,
Calendar Years 1990-1995.
Year
Safer (Reduced-risk)
Other
Total
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
3
7
6
5
16
19
5
5
5
15
14
12
8
12
11
20
30
31
SOURCE: EPA registration files.
NOTE: "Safer (reduced-risk)" pesticides is a term EPA applies to pesticides with lower potential for health (or environmen-
tal) risks due to their mode of action, being naturally occurring, biologically, or etc.
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—25
-------
Table 12.
Number of Certified Applicators in the U.S., 1995 (September 30).
EPA Region1
Private2
Commercial3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
U.S. Total4
6,924
50,733
45,429
219,157
138,516
236,314
132,963
77,562
23,499
28,990
960,087
9,589
63,172
27,221
78,554
61,351
23,191
30,419
19,859
49,608
21,039
384,003
SOURCE: EPA 5700-33H form that states submit to EPA Regions each year.
FOOTNOTES:
1
2
3
4
See following page for map of EPA Regions.
The term "private applicators" refers primarily to individual farmers.
Commercial refers to professional pesticide applicators.
The U.S. totals do not add because some applicators are certified in more than
one Region.
26—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Certified Pesticide Applicators, 1995
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
1 2345678910
REGIONS
250,000
200,000 -
150,000 -
100,000 -
50,000
0
12345678910
REGIONS
U.S. EPA Regional Map
Commercial
Private
New York
Boston
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—27
-------
Table 13.
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Type,
All Economic Sectors Combined, 1979-1995.
Year
Pesticide 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Millions of Ibs. a.i.
Herbicides 610
Insecticides 255
Fungicides 124
Other Conv. 1 55
Other Chems. 343
Total 1487
622
228
122
149
321
1442
631
218
122
152
307
1430
620
210
117
149
298
1394
573
204
115
148
287
1327
634
197
109
145
284
1369
611
193
110
138
284
1336
590
188
109
138
278
1303
532
152
100
133
269
1186
557
161
99
137
266
1220
567
154
98
154
251
1224
564
148
91
173
252
1228
546
141
86
182
226
1181
554
143
81
189
246
1213
527
130
80
192
248
1177
583
138
79
199
244
1243
556
137
77
203
249
1222
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates, 3/97, Table 14.
Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage
(Total U.S. Volume, by Type 1979-1995)
1600
1400
1200 -
1000
800
600
(Millions of Ibs.)
400
200
Other Pesticides
Herbicides
—I h
'79 '80 '81
'82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87
Year
—I 1 1 1 1 1
'89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95
28—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Table 14.
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Sector and Type, 1979-1995.
AGRICULTURE
Year
Pesticide 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Millions of Ibs. a.i.
Herbicides 492
Insecticides 188
Fungicides 57
Other Conv. 106
Other Chems. 246
Total 1089
504
163
59
100
227
1053
513
152
62
104
215
1046
503
142
59
101
207
1012
455
135
59
100
196
945
516
129
56
100
194
995
501
126
59
94
194
974
481
121
59
94
188
943
425
90
52
91
180
838
450
100
54
95
177
876
460
95
54
113
161
883
455
90
50
133
164
892
440
85
47
144
140
856
450
90
45
150
161
896
425
80
47
154
166
872
485
90
48
163
163
949
461
91
49
170
168
939
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates, 3/97.
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage in Agriculture
(by Type 1979-1995)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
(Millions of Ibs.)
Total
Other Pesticides
Herbicides
H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 h
'79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87
Year
H 1 1 1 1 h
'89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—29
-------
Table 14. (continued)
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Sector and Type, 1979-1995.
IND./COMM./GOVT.
Year
Pesticide 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Millions of Ibs. a.i.
Herbicides 85
Insecticides 35
Fungicides 50
Other Conv. 46
Other Chems. 27
Total 243
83
35
45
46
25
234
82
37
43
46
24
232
80
39
41
45
24
229
80
40
40
45
24
229
78
41
38
41
24
222
70
43
37
41
23
214
68
45
36
41
23
213
65
42
34
39
22
202
64
41
32
39
22
198
63
40
31
38
22
194
63
39
31
38
22
193
60
38
30
37
21
186
58
35
28
36
21
178
56
32
25
36
20
169
52
30
23
34
20
159
48
29
20
31
22
150
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates, 3/97.
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage in Industry, Commercial, & Government
(by Type 1979-1995)
250
(Millions of Ibs.)
200 -
150
100
Total
Other Pesticides
'79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95
Year
30—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Table 14. (continued)
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Sector and Type, 1979-1995.
HOME AND GARDEN
Year
Pesticide 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Millions of Ibs. a.i.
Herbicides 33
Insecticides 32
Fungicides 17
Other Conv. 3
Other Chems. 70
Total 155
35
30
18
3
69
155
36
29
17
3
68
153
37
29
17
3
67
153
38
29
16
3
67
153
40
27
15
3
67
152
40
24
14
3
67
148
41
22
14
3
67
147
42
20
14
3
67
146
43
20
13
3
67
146
44
19
13
2
68
146
46
19
10
2
66
143
46
18
9
2
65
140
46
18
8
2
64
138
46
18
8
2
62
136
46
18
8
2
61
135
47
17
8
2
59
133
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates, 3/97.
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage in Home & Garden
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
(Millions of Ibs.)
(by Type 1979-1995)
Total
Other Pesticides
Herbicides
—I 1 1 h
'79 '80 '81 '82 '83
H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1—
'84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95
Year
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—37
-------
Table 15.
U.S. Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides, by Type,
All Economic Sectors Combined, 1979-1995.
Year
Pesticide 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Millions of $
Herbicides 3,026
Insecticides 1,783
Fung.& Other489
Total 5,297
3,310
2,037
459
5,806
3,738
2,151
536
6,425
3,772
2,193
540
6,505
3,870
2,360
731
6,961
4,488
2,172
708
7,368
3,920
2,250
963
7,133
3,858
2,271
967
7,096
3,973
2,284
1,049
7,306
4,121
2,562
1,190
7,873
4,305
2,699
1,141
8,145
4,473
2,732
1,171
8,376
4,682
2,808
1,223
8,714
5,004
2,904
1,183
9,091
5,094
2,985
1,259
9,339
5,944
3,242
1,408
10,594
6,276
3,552
1,488
11,317
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates, 3/97, Table 16.
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides
(Total U.S. Expenditures, by Type, 1979-1995)
12000 -,-
10000
8000 -
6000
4000 -
2000
(Millions of Dollars)
'79 '80 '81 '82 '83
'84 '85 '86 '87
Year
Fung. &
Other
'90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95
32—94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage
-------
Table 16.
U.S. Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides, by Sector and Type, 1979-1995.
AGRICULTURE
Year
Pesticide 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Millions of $
Herbicides 2,060
Insecticides 900
Fung. & Other 240
Total 3,200
2,300
1,095
205
3,600
2,590
1,139
272
4,001
2,465
1,120
268
3,853
2,800
1,300
450
4,550
3,390
950
418
4,758
2,900
1,100
615
4,615
2,775
1,050
600
4,425
2,935
1,050
650
4,635
3,080
1,110
775
4,965
3,255
1,099
800
5,154
3,463
1,172
842
5,477
3,644
1,208
884
5,736
3,915
1,216
829
5,960
3,987
1,248
895
6,130
4,808
1,453
1,036
7,297
5,112
1,710
1,107
7,929
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates, 3/97.
U.S. Annual User Expenditures on Pesticide for Agriculture
onm -
7000 -
finno
5000 -
4000 -
•*ooo .
2000 -
1000 -
0.
(by Type 1979-1 995)
Millions of dollars)
Total. ''
s
/
9
/
i
_ ^
^ • -*" " Herbicides
_.'""~" " " /^
''' ^^ ^
^ ^
Insecticides^ ^ -
-- — — Fung. & Other
f9 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '
Year
95
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—33
-------
Table 16. (continued)
U.S. Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides, by Sector and Type, 1979-1995.
IND./COMM./GOVT.
Year
Pesticide 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Millions of $
Herbicides 672
Insecticides 288
Fung. & Other 130
Total 1,090'
660
312
132
,104
756
347
138
1,241
852
359
142
1,352
720
360
144
1,224
720
480
150
1,350
600
450
180
1,230
642
486
192
1,320
576
492
210
1,278
600
528
240
1,368
630
480
180
1,290
593
451
169
1,213
616
469
176
1,261
648
498
186
1,332
660
512
191
1,363
679
528
197
1,40^
700
543
202
1,445
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates, 3/97.
U.S. Annual User Expenditures on Pesticide for Industry, Commercial & Government
(by Type 1979-1 995)
(Millions of dollars)
1600
1 4.00 -
1200
1000 -
800 -
i
600 -
400 -
200 -
0 -
Total
XX XX .----'-.,.
/ *s «^ -.,_,,—
•
S
>xv
^^^ ^ ^ Herbicides __
^ \ ^_^ ^
s'~~"~~ ~~"~ "~^~~ ~~ Insecticides
s
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
'79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95
Year
34—94/95 Pesticides Industry Safes And Usage
-------
Table 16. (continued)
U.S. Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides, by Sector and Type, 1979-1995.
HOME AND GARDEN
Year
Pesticide 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Millions of $
Herbicides 294
Insecticides 595
Fung. & Other 119
Total
1,108'
350
630
122
,102
392
665
126
1,183
445
714
130
1,299
350
700
137
1,187
378
742
140
1,260
420
700
168
1,288
441
735
175
1,351
462
742
189
1,393
441
924
175
1,540
420
1120
161
1,701
417
1109
160
1,686
423
1131
162
1,716
441
1190
168
1,799
446
1225
174
1,845
456
1261 1299
175
465
179
1,8931,943
SOURCE: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates, 3/97.
U.S. Annual User Expenditures on Pesticide for Home and Garden
(by Type 1979-1995)
$2,000
$1,800
$1,600
$1,400
$1,200
$1,000
$800
$600
$400
$200
$0
(Millions of dollars)
Total
Insecticides...
Herbicides
4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
Fung. & Other
4-
4-
'79 '80 '81 '82 '83
'84 '85 '86 '87
Year
'89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95
94/95 Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage—35
-------
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