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Pear Harvest in Oregon (Ste organophosphate pesticide use reduction writeup on page 20) Photo Courtesy of Kathleen Knox
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Message from the Director
Fiscal Year (FY) 2000 was a year for impressive accomplishments in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office
of Pesticide Programs (OPP). My staff worked hard to address our pesticide regulatory responsibilities-from ensuring that
new pesticide technology can enter the market and meet the tough requirements of the Food Quality Protection Act
(FQPA), to reevaluating existing pesticides and managing uses to ensure that they also meet FQPA's tough standards. We
continued to make our pesticide regulatory decisions in a transparent fashion by involving our many stakeholders. While
our report more fully describes our overall accomplishments over the past year, I want to touch on a few highlights:
Major Regulatory/Programmatic Actions - Several significant actions were taken this past year to help reduce potential
risks from pesticides. These included announcing the phase-out of the widely used insecticides Dursban and diazinon in
schools and homes-thus assuring reductions in exposure for the nation's children; registering the pesticide product
Harpin as a potential alternative to methyl bromide, which causes harm to the ozone layer; issuing a stop sale of the
contaminated hospital disinfectant, medaphene; proposing new restrictions on labels of insect repellants used on
children; and signing a Memorandum of Understanding between EPA and the Centers for Disease Control to provide a
framework for coordinating joint efforts on public health pesticides and other issues.
Improving Science - The program continued to deal with cutting-edge and high-profile science issues, many of which will
have a profound effect on not only the pesticide program but also throughout EPA. Some examples of policies that have
been advanced over the past year include: cumulative risk assessment guidance, use of cholinesterase inhibition data in
risk assessments, aggregate exposure assessment, and drinking water exposure assessment.
Safer Foods - All 39 of the organophosphate (OP) pesticides moved through the OP pilot process for tolerance
reassessment, which began in 1998, and decisions were issued for 14 of them. More than 20 technical stakeholder briefings
were held to heighten awareness and understanding of the risk assessments. Beyond the tremendous progress achieved
in addressing the OPs, 121 tolerances were reassessed. We established 276 tolerances for reduced-risk conventional
pesticides to be used on food and 4 tolerances for biopesticides. Solid progress continued with completion of
Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDS) and interim REDS covering 19 chemicals, more than 500 product reregistration
decisions, and several hundred product chemistry and acute toxicity reviews. The program also made significant progress
in harmonizing pesticide regulatory programs with other countries to ensure safe imported foods.
Protection of Natural Resources and Wildlife - We worked with states and tribes to develop generic pesticide
management plans to manage, at a local level, pesticides that have the potential to leach and contaminate water. We
reduced and phased out uses of a number of pesticides that have been shown to contribute to water contamination. We
also worked with the Fish and Wildlife Serviceto J)rptect-the;ehdari|ered jaguar from pesticides, and we declined to
register the pesticide chlorfenapyr (Pirate) for use on cotton due to adverse effects on bird reproduction.
Increased Protection for Pesticide Handlers and Agricultural Workers - Through our reregistration program, we
implemented risk mitigation measures that will better protect pesticide handlers and workers. Additionally, we have began
a national process to assess the effectiveness of the Worker Protection Standard to better protect the health of pesticide
handlers and agricultural workers.
Reaching out to Stakeholders - We increased our efforts over the past year to further improve the quality and timeliness
of our outreach materials. More than 130 pesticide announcements made during the past year were developed and placed
on our Web site. Our public advisory committees held key meetings-the Committee to Advise on Reassessment and
Transition and the Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee (and its workgroups: Inerts Disclosure Stakeholder Workgroup
and Rodenticides Workgroup). These meetings and workgroups continue to provide meaningful opportunities for our
stakeholders to interact with EPA on a wide variety of regulatory and policy issues.
I want particularly to thank the professional employees within the Office of Pesticide Programs for their dedication and
hard work in making this past year successful. We thank our regional, state, and tribal partners, as well as the many other
stakeholders who participated in our open decisionmaking processes. I hope you will take a few moments to review this
year's report. We will look ahead to making even more progress as we fulfill our mission to protect human health and
safeguard the natural environment.
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Introduction
The Year In Review
1 Advancing Science: Improved Pesticide Regulatory Decisions 1
New Science Policy Guidance Documents 2
Advanced Techniques: 3
K Models 4
> Monitoring Efforts 5
K Methods 6
> Databases and Information Systems 6
Highlight: Consulting with the SAP 8
2 Registering Pesticide Products 9
5 OP Alternatives Registered 10
16 Reduced-Risk Conventional Pesticides and Biopesticides Registered 10
Registering Conventional Pesticides 10
Registering Antimicrobial Pesticides 1 o
901 New Minor Uses Registered 11
549 Emergency Exemptions Processed 11
95 Other Ingredients Approved 12
Highlight: Use of Chlorfenapyr on Cotton Not Granted 12
3 Regulating Plant-Incorporated Protectants Derived from Biotechnology 13
Updated Scientific Assessment of Expiring Bt Registrations 14
Understanding Bt Corn's Potential Effects on the Monarch 14
Insect Resistance and Refuge Requirements 15
StarLink Corn 1 6
Responding to Stakeholders 16
Promoting Dialogue and Peer Review on Biotechnology Issues 16
International Meetings 16
4 Reregistering Pesticides and Reassessing Tolerances 17
19 Pesticide Reregistration Decisions 18
121 Tolerance Reassessment Decisions 18
S Ensuring Transition to Alternative Pest Management Tools 19
Committee to Advise on Reassessment and Transition Established (CARAT) 20
Supporting Innovative Pest Management Tools Through PESP 20
Highlight: Wlio are the PESP Members? 22
6 Responding to Pesticide Safety and Public Health Concerns 25
Pesticide Product Uses Eliminated Due to Health Concerns 26
Pesticide Product Recalled Due to Asthma Concerns 26
Pesticide Products Recalled Due to Malfunctioning Container 26
Water Purifier Failure Prompts Recall 26
Fact Sheets Developed on Pesticides and Mosquito Control 26
Chlorpyrifos Mosquito Control Use Retained 26
Highlight: "TreatedArticles" and Public Health Claims 28
7 Supporting Field Programs 29
Increasing Protection for Pesticide Handlers and Field Workers 30
ป Reassessing Pesticide Applicator Certification and Training 30
> Worker Protection Assessment Group 30
> National Program to Tram Farmworkers and Their Families 30
> Educational Mentoring Program for Children of Farmworkers 31
Increasing the Quality of Groundwater Resources 31
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> Finalizing Groundwater Pesticide Management Plans 31
Protection of Wildlife and Endangered Species 32
> New Endangered Species Information Management System 32
* New Information Sheet on the Jaguar 32
V Improving the Process for Protecting Endanged Species 32
Highlight: Endangered Species Information Sheets Available 32
Tribal Initiatives and Programs 33
)> The Tribal Pesticide Program Council 33
* The Tribal Medicine Project 33
> Tribal Groundwater Workshops 33
* Strategic Plan for Tribal Programs 34
> Tribal Newsletter 34
8 Building Partnerships for the Environment 35
Supporting Regional Initiatives 36
* Pesticide Urban Initiative 36
Joining Forces with Other Federal Agencies and States 36
> Pesticides and the Health Care Community 36
* Quality Management Plan Workgroup 37
> Working with State Labs 37
Developing Stakeholder Partnerships 38
> Wisconsin Potato Project 38
> Consumer Labeling Initiative 38
> Inert Disclosure Stakeholder Workgroup 38
ป Spray Drift Team 39
Highlight: New Birdcast Web Site 39
International Activities 40
* North American Free Trade Agreement Technical Working Group 40
> Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Working Group on Pesticides 41
* Persistent Organic Pollutants 41
> Prior Informed Consent 42
> United Nations Environment Programme Activities 42
9 Providing the Public with Pesticide Information 43
Sending OPP Electronic Updates 44
Disseminating Fact Sheets and Brochures 44
Responding to Written and Electronic Inquiries 46
Providing More Avenues to Pesticide Information 46
Toll-Free Access to Pesticide Information: NPTN and NAJJST 47
Highlight: EPA's Truck-side Advertisement 47
Communicating OPP Policies and Regulations 49
10 Appendices 51
A-l - FY 2000 New Active Ingredient Registrations 52
A-2 - FY 2000 New Uses for New Active Ingredients and
Previously Registered Active Ingredients 53
A-3 - OP Alternatives Registered Since Passage of the FQPA 53
A-4 - Number of Pesticide Registrations by Category Registered Since 1984 54
B-l - Summaries of FY 2000 Reregistration and Tolerance Reassessment Decisions 55
B-2 - Status of OPs in the Pilot Process 59
B-3 - Public Participation in the Pesticide Reregistration Process 60
C- OPP Structure Divisions 61
D - Glossary 62
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INTRODUCTION
EPA's overarching mission is to protect human health and to safeguard the
environment-air, water and land-upon which life depends. An important
component of this goal is the protection of human health and the environment
from adverse risks that pesticides may pose.
EPA regulates the use of pesticides under the authority of two federal statutes
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide; and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). Under FIFRA, pesticides
intended for use hi the U.S. must be registered (licensed) by EPA before they
may be sold or distributed hi commerce. EPA will register a pesticide if
scientific data provided by the registrant show that, when used according to label
directions, it will not cause unreasonable adverse effects on human health or the
environment. Under FIFRA, EPA also has the authority to suspend or cancel
the registration of a pesticide if subsequent information shows that continued use
would pose unreasonable risks. The Agency is responsible under FFDCA for
setting tolerances (maximum permissible residue levels) for any pesticide used
on food or animal feed.
Our mission is challenging and complex. Pesticides are used not only in
agriculture, but also in parks and in almost every home, business, hospital, and
school in America. Moreover, pesticide regulations affect 20 major pesticide
producers, 100 small producers, 2,500 pesticide formulators, 29,000 distributors,
40,000 commercial pest control firms, one million farms, several million
professional users, and 90 million households.
REGISTERING PESTICIDES AND ESTABLISHING TOLERANCES
EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) is responsible for registering
pesticides and establishing tolerances if they are to be used on food. Pesticide
registration is the process through which EPA examines the ingredients of a
pesticide; the site or crop on which it is to be used; the amount, frequency and
timing of its use; and storage and disposal practices. EPA evaluates the
pesticide to ensure that it will not have any adverse effects on humans, the
environment and non-target species. To determine whether a pesticide can be
registered, applicants seeking pesticide registration are required to submit to EPA
for review data on a wide range of health effects including cancer, reproductive
effects, neurological effects, acute and chronic toxic effects. A pesticide cannot
be legally used if it has not been registered by OPP.
In considering whether a tolerance may be established, EPA reviews a
comprehensive battery of laboratory and field data on a pesticide to determine if
residue limits will be protective of public health. Commodities that contain a
EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs
consists of more than 800
people in nine divisions:
Registration
Antimicrobials
Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention
Health Effects
Environmental Fate and Effects
Biological and Economic Analysis
Special Review and Reregistration
Information Resources and Services
Field and External Affairs
EPA professional expertise
include among others:
Chemistry
Biology
Entomology
Toxicology
Agriculture
Economics
Public health
Law
(See Appendix C for details on
OPP's structure and for contact
information)
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EPA Regional Offices
Region 1
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island,
and Vermont
Region 2
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico,
and the U.S. Virgin Islands
Region 3
Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, West Virginia,
and the District of Columbia
Region 4
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, and Tennessee
Region 5
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota,
Ohio, and Wisconsin
Region 6
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, and Texas
Region 7
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,
and Nebraska
Region 8
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming
Region 9
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada,
and Pacific Islands and Tribal Nations
subject to U.S. law
Region 10
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon,
and Washington
detectable level of a pesticide for which no tolerance has been established and
commodities containing pesticide residues over the established tolerance limit
are considered to be adulterated under the FFDCA.
REVIEWING OLDER PESTICIDES AGAINST CURRENT STANDARDS
OPP is also reviewing older pesticides to ensure that they meet current health,
safety, and environmental standards. The goal is to update labeling and use
requirements and reduce risks associated with older pesticides those first
registered when the standards for government approval were less stringent than
they are today. At the same time, EPA is reassessing more than 9,000
tolerances to ensure that they also meet current safety standards. In
conducting these reassessments, EPA considers the potential risks pesticides
may pose to children who may be more vulnerable.
PROMOTING REDUCED-RISK PESTICIDES AND PEST MANAGEMENT
ALTERNATIVES
OPP has broadened its efforts to promote systems of pest management that
better protect health and the environment, and enhance the quality of our lives.
This approach recognizes that conventional pesticides are only one element in
controlling pests and that, in some cases, nonchemical alternatives can be as
effective as chemical pesticides while posing fewer health or environmental
risks. We are also working with pesticide producers and the pesticide user
community to promote and develop reduced-risk pesticides. More than half of
the new pesticide registrations in recent years have involved biopesticides and
other pesticides that pose less risk than conventional pesticides. Biopesticides
include "microbial pesticides" (bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms used
to control pests), and "biochemical pesticides," such as pheromones
(compounds that disrupt the mating behavior of insects). Based on specific
criteria, some conventional chemicals may be classified as safer because of
their lower toxicity or lower potential for exposure.
FIELD PROGRAMS IMPLEMENTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
OPP works with pesticide officials in EPA's Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance, the Agency's 10 Regional offices across the country,
and state and tribal pesticide regulatory agencies to implement pesticide
programs, communicate with the public about pesticides issues, and support
compliance and enforcement efforts.
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Together, OPP and the regions manage four major pesticide field programs
involving work with pesticide users and others to ensure that they carry out
safe practices. These programs involve 1) implementing regulations for the
protection of agricultural workers, 2) protecting endangered species, 3)
protecting ground water, and 4) ensuring applicators who use the more
hazardous pesticides are appropriately trained and certified. OPP also works
with other government agencies, Federal advisory committees, grower groups,
environmental and consumer groups, academia, industry, the international
community, and many other stakeholders.
For more information on pesticide issues, visit our Internet Web site at
www.epa.gov/pesticides/ or write to us at: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs (7506C), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue,
N.W., Washington, DC 20460. You may also contact the National Pesticide
Telecommunications Network (NPTN)- Staffed by highly qualified and trained
pesticide specialists, NPTN is our sponsored toll-free telephone service that
provides a variety of pesticide information. Visit ace.orst.edu/info/nptn or
telephone: 1-800-858-7378; fax: 1-541-737-0761.
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ADVANCING SCIENCE:
Improved Pesticide Regulatory Decisions
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1 ADVANCING SCIENCE
1 he passage of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) ushered
in new, complex questions that had not yet faced EPA: What factors need to
be considered when conducting a cumulative risk assessment? What are the
appropriate tools for conducting a probabilistic risk assessment? How can
we refine our risk assessments to better reflect real world situations and also
provide an adequate margin of safety for children? How do we determine if
a pesticide will adversely affect the endocrine system?
In FY 2000, EPA worked diligently to advance our scientific knowledge to
better understand these questions and more accurately assess the risks
pesticides may pose to public health and the environment. We developed and
employed new science policy guidance documents and advanced techniques
for conducting human health and ecological risk assessments. In developing
these documents and techniques, we maintained our commitment to
collaborate with experts in the field. While actively engaging the public, we
established a transparent process whereby ideas could be generated, refined,
and implemented. We received and will continue to seek guidance from the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Scientific
Advisory Panel (SAP) and input from our stakeholders through the
Committee to Advise on Reassessment and Transition (CARAT)and its
predecessor, the Tolerance Reassessment Advisory Committee (TRAC).
SCIENCE POLICY GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS
With the assistance of TRAC, EPA identified nine science policy issue areas
(see box) and several other related issues following passage of FQPA. Most
of the policies were issued as drafts for public comment in 1998 and 1999.
For a complete list of these science policies and other related issues, visit
www.epa.gov/trac/science/. The following documents were published in
FY2000:
Revised Draft Documents:
Office of Pesticide Programs' Science Policy on the Use of Data on
Cholinesterase Inhibition for Risk Assessments (9/08/00)
A User's Guide to Available OPP Information on Assessing
Dietary(Food) Exposure to Pesticides (7/12/00)
Data for Refining Anticipated Residue Estimates Used in Acute
Dietary Probabilistic Risk Assessments (6/23/00) This paper was
merged with two other documents: Guidelines for the Conduct of
Bridging Studies for Use in Probabilistic Risk Assessment, and
Guidelines for the Conduct of Residue Decline Studies for Use in
Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Assigning Values to Nondetected/Nonquantified Pesticide Residues in
Human Health Dietary Exposure Assessments (3/31/00) This paper was
The Nine Science
Policy Issues
1. Applying the FQPA Tenfold
Safety Factor
2. Dietary Exposure Assessment -
Whether and How to Use
"Monte Carlo" Analyses
3. Exposure Assessment -
Interpreting "No Residues
Detected"
4. Dietary (Food) Exposure
Estimates
5. Dietary (Drinking Water)
Exposure Estimates
6. Assessing Residential Exposure
7. Aggregating Exposures
from all Non-Occupational
Sources
8. How to Conduct a Cumulative
Risk Assessment for
Organophosphate Insecticides
or Other Pesticides with a
Common Mechanism of
Toxicily
9. Selection of Appropriate
Toxicity Endpoints for
Risk Assessments of
Organophosphates
Did You Know: A part per trillion represents a teaspoon in 1.3 billion gallons of water.
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1 ADVANCING SCIENCE
merged with the paper, A Statistical Method for Incorporating
Nondetected Pesticide Residues into Human Health Dietary Exposure
Assessments
Choosing a Percentile of Acute Dietary Exposure as a Threshold of
Regulatory Concern (99.9th percentile) (3/22/00)
Estimating the Drinking Water Component of a Dietary Exposure
Assessment (11/10/99)
Threshold of Regulation Policy-Deciding Whether a Pesticide with a
Food Use Pattern Needs a Tolerance (10/27/99)
The Role of Use Related Information in Pesticide Risk Assessment and
Risk Management (9/27/00).
Draft Documents:
Cumulative Risk Assessment Guidance ( 6/30/00 )
Guidance for Performing Aggregate and Exposure Risk Assessment
(11/10/99).
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR CONDUCTING HUMAN HEALTH AND
ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTS
Ensuring that our decisions rest on sound science not only involves clear
policies, but also requires continually advancing the basic tools upon which
these policies depend. In FY 2000, OPP worked to expand its repertoire of
science tools. We have adopted models that provide information on the
potential presence of pesticides in drinking water, how pesticides can affect
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1 ADVANCING SCIENCE
fish and bird populations, and the risks posed by pesticide spray drift. We have
new protocols for testing the efficacy of disinfectants against Hepatitis B Virus
(HBV) that reduce the need for animal subjects. We also expanded and
continued the development of our databases, such as our ecotoxicity database
and environmental incident information system. These tools are described in
greater detail below.
MODELS
New Approach for Estimating Pesticides in Drinking Water: OPP made
its estimates of pesticides in drinking water more realistic by adopting a new
approach that uses a small drinking water reservoir model rather than a small
pond model. We also consider the percentage of the area around the reservoir
used for growing crops.
More Precise Estimates for Measuring Pesticide Concentrations: We
worked with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to develop advanced models to
estimate more precise pesticide concentrations at specific drinking water utility
intakes. These models will allow OPP to tailor its risk management decisions to
specific locations and help the program measure exposure to pesticides in
drinking water across a large segment of the population.
Preliminary Model for Predicting Fish and Bird Kills: OPP developed a
preliminary model that predicts the likelihood and magnitude of bird and fish kills
as a result of pesticide use. A case study for one pesticide is being used to
develop a more general probabilistic model that can be used for all pesticides.
Incorporating Spray Drift Considerations into Risk Assessments: In
cooperation with EPA's Office of Research and Development and the Spray
Drift Task Force, a consortium of registrants, OPP developed a preliminary
model to predict pesticide spray drift and the associated risks under a wide range
of agricultural applications and weather conditions. We expect to incorporate
spray drift considerations in our risk assessments for agricultural pesticide sprays
Shipman Lake, Illinois
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1 ADVANCING SCIENCE
in FY 2001. Using this model will improve estimates of pesticide
concentrations in the environment and result in better risk management
decisions.
Hampshire Research Institute's Lifeline Software Model: OPP
engaged in a significant amount of work this year in preparation for releasing
the first phase of the Lifeline Software Model in December 2000. This model
is the result of a cooperative agreement between OPP and the Hampshire
Research Institute (HRI) that will support the development of an aggregate
and cumulative risk modeling tool to be made available to the general public.
The computer-based modeling tool will allow persons interested in risk
assessment to better engage in a discussion of exposure and risks from
pesticides in the environment. This effort is geared to more effectively
protect public health and the environment through fostering the dissemination
of reliable information on risk and by increasing the public's ability to analyze,
understand, and make decisions about environmental problems.
MONITORING EFFORTS
Pilot Reservoir Monitoring Program: Working with USGS, OPP
designed and implemented a pilot reservoir monitoring program that provides
pesticide monitoring data from raw and finished water in 12 reservoirs
throughout the United States. The results of this monitoring study will be
made public in 2001.
National Survey of Drinking Water Sources: In FY 2000, OPP, USGS,
and USDA formed an Inter-Governmental FQPA Drinking Water Steering
Committee to oversee the development of a drinking water survey design
protocol that would be used to collect surface water monitoring data on a
national level. The Agricultural Crop Protection Association also sits on this
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1 ADVANCING SCIENCE
committee as an observer. OPP will use information from this survey to pro-
duce more predictive and higher-tiered water assessment models and more
reliable and refined dietary risk assessments. The Steering Committee desig-
nated two scientific working groups to plan for the collection of drinking water
monitoring data: the Monitoring/Modeling Workgroup (MMWG) and the Ancil-
lary Data Workgroup (ADWG). These workgroups will meet on a regular basis
in F Y 2001 to plan a pilot drinking water monitoring program.
METHODS
New Multianalyte Methods: As a result of a collaborative effort with the
pesticide industry, we developed 10 new multianalyte methods (MAM) to detect
certain groups of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides in soil and
water at limits of quantitation (LOQ) between 2.0 and 0.01 parts per billion.
These new methods allow state authorities to test soil or water in the field and
detect extremely low levels of these herbicides.
ALS inhibitor herbicides, such as the sulfonyl ureas, are used at low application
rates, but some low-level residues may remain in the soil or water. Because
extremely low levels may cause phytotoxic effects in non-target plants sometime
after application, state authorities need these analytical methods to enable them
to test soil and water in the field.
Protocols for Testing the Efficacy of Disinfectants Against HBV: OPP
developed new guidance regarding an HBV testing alternative that reduces
animal testing. As part of EPA's continuing commitment to advance scientific
methodologies that will protect the public and also reduce animal testing, EPA
endorsed an in vitro (test tube) duck assay as the appropriate and preferred
alternative. The FIFRA SAP also has endorsed and supported this approach.
The in vitro duck assay uses duck HBV as a surrogate for human HBV. This
method maintains rigorous efficacy testing requirements to ensure public health
protection.
New Methods of Estimating Ecological Risk: OPP developed preliminary
methods that estimate the magnitude, probability, and certainty of ecological risk.
These probabilistic methods have been peer reviewed by the SAP, and OPP has
started using these new methods in its ecological risk assessments.
DATABASES AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Pesticides in Ground and Surface Water Database: OPP continued to
develop this database, which compiles monitoring data on pesticides in ground
and surface water across the United States provided by the states, other
federal agencies, academia, and pesticide companies. These data will be used
in developing risk assessments for water resources, and the database will be
accessible to the public on OPP's Web site by end of 2001.
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1 ADVANCING SCIENCE
Health Effects Division
Records Reference
Center
June 1,2000 - OPP held the
grand opening of the Health
Effects Division (HED)
Records Reference Center
(RRC). This center houses
all HED files, including
toxicity reports on pesticides.
Although the HED files are
not directly available to the
general public, the new
Records Management Team
in charge of this center is an
invaluable resource when
responding to Freedom of
Information Act (FOIA)
requests in a timely fashion.
As of September 30,2000, the
RRC Series database
contained over 8,700 records.
The turnaround time for
obtaining a hard copy of
records is only four minutes.
The RRC is a centralized,
integrated system that is just
one step in OPP's efforts to
increase efficiency
throughout the program.
Ecotoxicity Database: In FY 2000, OPP added 500 new ecotoxicity studies to
the ecotoxicity database, including wildlife and plant toxicity information for over
630 active ingredients. The toxicity data are compiled from actual studies
submitted by pesticide manufacturers, which are reviewed by EPA and judged for
acceptability for use in OPP's ecological risk assessment process. The database
also contains acceptable studies performed by EPA, USDA, and Fish and Wildlife
Service laboratories.
Fate Database: The Fate Database contains studies that describe what happens
to a pesticide in soil, water, and the air after it has been applied. Developed in FY
2000, this database contains fate and transport properties of 250 registered
pesticides. The final version of this database will be completed in 2001.
Ecological Incident Information System: The Ecological Incident Information
System was updated to include 850 incident reports. This database contains
information on reports of adverse effects to non-target wildlife and plants from the
use of pesticides. Information in this database is used in the Agency's ecological
risk assessments.
The Pesticide Ground and Surface Water Incident Database: This
electronic data base was created in 1999. In FY 2000, OPP entered the remaining
incidents data it had hi hard copy before this database was created. The system
contains adverse effects data for specific pesticides involving ground and/or
surface water incidents. These incidents are considered in OPP's drinking water
assessments.
Office of Pesticide Programs Information Network: This year we made
significant progress on the Office of Pesticide Programs Information Network
(OPPIN). When completed, OPPIN will combine regulatory and scientific data,
workflow tracking, and electronic document management Into one integrated
system. OPPIN will consolidate information currently stored on EPA mainframe
systems, the OPP Local Area Network (LAN), stand-alone computers, and paper
documents. OPPIN will: decrease OPP's data entry burden; increase analytical
capabilities; track decision-making processes more effectively; prevent loss of, and
improve access to, critical decision documents; and make OPP information readily
available to those outside of the program.
Photo: EPA officials at opening of OPP's
Records Reference Center.
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1 ADVANCING SCIENCE
CONSULTING WITH THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY
PANEL (SAP) IN FY 2000
November 30,1999:
Testing on Human Subjects
December 8-9, 1999:
Characterization and Non-target Organism Data Requirements
for Protein Plant-pesticides
Cumulative Risk Assessment Methodology Issues of Pesticide
Substances That Have a Common Mechanism of Toxicity
February 29 - March 3, 2000:
Food Allergenicity of Cry9C Endotoxin
April 5-7, 2000:
Implementing Probabilistic Ecological Assessments
Insect Repellent Product Performance Testing Guideline
Evaluation
June 6-9, 2000:
Mammalian Toxicity Assessment Guidelines for Protein Plant
Pesticides
June 27-29, 2000:
Atrazine Health Risk Assessment
National Drinking Water Survey Design for Assessing ChroQif ~
Exposure
August 17-18, 2000:
A Consultation on the EPA Health Effects Division's Propel
Classification of the Human Carcinogenic Potential of ^
Malathion
September 26-29, 2000:
Test Guidelines for Chronic Inhalation Toxicity and
Carcinogenicity of Fibrous Particles
End Point Selection and Determination of Relative Potency i w
Cumulative Hazard Assessment: A Pilot Study of ~* "
Organophosphorus Pesticide Chemicals
Residential Exposure Models
Calendex Dietary Exposure Model
Aggregate and Cumulative Assessments Using Lifeline
Problems cannot be
solved at the same
level of awareness
that created them.
Albert Einstein
fj-
Einstein Making an Exit Berlin
Physikalisches Institut
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REGISTERING PESTICIDE PRODUCTS
THHMPIMmnj, . ^ .=Jfa_^-^.r.g-._.. -L
Jim Hollins is the Team Leader of the Document Processing
Office where pesticide data are submitted.
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ll
I
2 REGISTERING PESTICIDES
\-SnQ important responsibility of the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)
is to register, or license, new active ingredients (A.I.). In the last year we
continued to not only exceed our annual registration goals, but we also
placed a high priority on registering "safer" or "reduced-risk" pesticides.
In FY 2000, EPA registered 22 new pesticides, including 9 new
biopesticides, 7 conventional reduced-risk pesticides, 2 antimicrobials, and 4
conventional pesticides. OPP also registered 427 new food uses and non-
food uses for pesticides. Many of these pesticides are safer substitutes for
more toxic conventional pesticides. Many have public health benefits and
are of particular economic importance to growers.
See Appendix A-l for a list of pesticide active ingredients registered in
FY 2000. Appendix A-2 lists FY 2000 new uses for both new active
ingredients and previously registered active ingredients.
5 Organophosphate (OP) Alternatives Registered: With these 5, at
the end of FY 2000, the total of pesticides registered as alternatives to the
more toxic OP pesticides was 12. In registering a new active ingredient,
EPA gives priority to and expedites review of alternatives to OPs. Since
FQPA, the average registration rimeframe for a new conventional reduced-
risk active ingredient (including OP alternatives) has been 22 months,
compared to 31 months for non-reduced-risk/non-OP alternative
conventional chemicals. The average registration timeframe for new uses
of conventional reduced-risk pesticides (including OP alternatives) is 16
months, compared to 46 months for non-reduced-risk/non-op alternatives
new uses. Appendix A-3 lists OP alternatives registered since the passage
of FQPA.
16 Reduced-Risk Conventional Pesticides and Biopesticides
Registered: We remained strongly committed to promoting the
development and use of safer pesticides. Reduced-risk conventional
pesticides and biopesticides accounted for 73 percent of all new registered
active ingredients in FY 2000. EPA registered 211 new uses for reduced-
risk conventional pesticides and 276 new tolerances for all reduced-risk
conventional pesticides (which includes both newly registered and existing
active ingredients). We also registered 120 new uses for biopesticides and
four new tolerances for all biopesticides in FY 2000. Appendix A-4 depicts
the increased registration of less risky pesticides over the past 16 years.
Registering Conventional Pesticides: New uses for conventional
pesticides registered hi FY 2000 totaled 88, and OPP established 172 new
tolerances for all conventional pesticides.
Registering Antimicrobial Pesticides: OPP made significant progress
in the regulation of antimicrobials this year. We registered two new
antimicrobial pesticides and eight new uses for antimicrobial pesticides.
FQPA requirements mandated that OPP streamline antimicrobial
registration. This was accomplished, and with revisions to registration
procedures, we have been able to significantly shorten the review time.
All FQPA deadlines were met in shorter times than required, and non-
New Active ingredients
Registered in FY 2000
18.2%
Conventional
9.1%
Antimicrobials
31.8%
Conventional
Reduced-Risk
40.9%
Biopesticides
Average Registration
Time-Frames
10 20 30
Months
New conventional "reduced risk" A.l.s
(including "OP Alternatives")
Non-"reduced-risk" /non- "OP alternative"
conventional A.l.s
New uses of existing conventional "reduced-
risk" A.l.s (including "OP alternatives")
New uses of existing non-"reduced-risk"/non-
ฐOP alternative" conventional A.l.s
-------
2 REGISTERING PESTICIDES
FQPA pending actions were reduced from a high of 388 on December 31,
1996, to 16 as of September 30, 2000.
Antimicrobial Decisions vs. Approvals Since FY98
Old Chemical
Fast Track
Old Chemcial
Non-Fast Track
Fast Track
Amendments
Non-Fast Track
Amendments
Notifications
FY98
Decisions
353
337
1547
183
FY98
Approvals
102
70
702
79
450
FY99
Decisions
234
285
1116
223
FY99
Approvals
82
91
715
71
580
FYOO
Decisions
208
257
913
136
FYOO
Approvals
90
89
582
63
550
Did You Know: The
Cucurbitaceae family is a
medium-sized plant family,
comprising some 118 genera
and 825 species widely
distributed throughout
warmer regions of the
world.
901 New Minor Uses Registered: The Agency worked with USDA,
registrants, and other stakeholders to register 901 new uses for minor use
crops in FY 2000. FQPA also directed us to give special consideration to
minor uses. We registered more than 100 new minor uses just for Candida
oleophila, a biopesticide used on bulb vegetables, cucurbits (includes crops
such as melons, cucumbers, squash, and pumpkins), legumes, root and tuber
vegetables, flowers, and other ornamentals.
549 Emergency Exemption Requests Processed: In FY 2000, OPP
received 549 requests for emergency exemptions, of which 458 were
authorized, 34 were denied, and 59 were withdrawn by states. The average
turnaround time for emergency exemption requests was a historic low of 44
days despite the additional work required by FQPA. OPP is currently
processing requests faster than the regulatory goal of 50 days (in 1997 the
average processing time was 81 days).
Status of Emergency
Exemptions Processed
in FY 2000
6.2%
Denied
10%
Withdrawn
83.1%
Authorized
-------
2 REGISTERING PESTICIDES
1
Approval of 95 Other Ingredients in Pesticide Products: During
this year, OPP approved 95 "other ingredients" (also known as inert
ingredients in pesticide products). All of these have been determined to
be safer than many of the older ingredients of this type. The Agency also
formed the Inert Disclosure Stakeholder Workgroup (IDSW) through the
Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee (PPDC). The IDSW will advise
EPA through the PPDC on ways to increase the availability of information
about other ingredients in pesticide products to the public.
IJse jjf gUiorJenapyr on Cotton Not Granted Duejto .Potential^
Birdsj Jn Mrarch 20QQ," EPA completed its review of the *'j
_( ^chlorfenapyr for use on cotton. EPA maderthe ip ti |
|| dฃtenninationj|iat chlorfenapyr does not meet the requirements for J
ง re|tsiratiqn under FIFRA. EPA made this determination after "" *
"" i "
used on cottonwoul^ersist _uvthe_
reproductive effects on birds. The
ericv'cMcluded that the
application for the cotton use.
istaoAmerkan ariculture
fflftgffilSL^liffiffitiyffi tg control fagsjgling cotton
lE2*il^Sll!'S2lrSilewlIS!sl51-?.^ in, /'
2000--spinosad (Tracer^^and.tebufemSe'gpnSrn};" '.' "*
One of our greatest
opportunities to
reduce pesticide
risks to public health
and the environment
is through our
pesticide registration
program.
Marcia E. Mulkey, Director,
Office of Pesticide Program
-------
3 REGULATING PLANT-INCORPORATED
PROTECTANTS DERIVED FROM
BIOTECHNOLOGY
-------
REGULATING PLANT-!NCOPORATED PROTECTANTS
T<
JtyPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) also regulates the manufacture,
sale, and use of pesticides derived from biotechnologyplant-incorporated
protectants (PIPs). OPP must register these types of pesticides and set food
tolerances for residues of plant-incorporated protectants (or determine on a
case-by-case basis to exempt them from the food tolerance requirement)
before they can be marketed. The United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA) also regulates the plants which produce these pesticides by requiring
that the manufacturers of the plants obtain permits (or an exemption from the
permit requirements) before the plants may move in commerce or be
released into the environment. USDA also regulates crops genetically
engineered to be tolerant of herbicides, but not the herbicide applied to the
plant. FDA's regulatory responsibilities are to ensure that the food is safe to
eat, to set standards for food labeling, and to take corrective action if
contaminants are found in food.
OPP's biotechnology activities for FY 2000 focused on increasing
transparency and public participation in decision-making and strengthening the
scientific foundations of our regulatory programs. We did this through a series
of public advisory committee meetings and workshops on scientific issues, as
well as through publication of new data and analysis for public review and
comment.
Updated Scientific Assessment of Expiring Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
Registrations: One of the major efforts of FY 2000 was a comprehensive
risk and benefit assessment for expiring Bt PIPs. The reassessment covered
all data submitted to EPA for the initial registration of these products and all
data and information that have become available since the initial registration.
OPP submitted a preliminary reassessment document to the public for
comment and to the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) in October.
Although the reassessment will guide the comprehensive reconsideration of all
aspects of the registration of Bt products, in FY 2000, it has prompted EPA to
make several interim changes. EPA strengthened insect resistance
management requirements for these registrations. One Bt corn product
scheduled to expire was voluntarily canceled, and three additional products are
being phased out by the registrant.
In addition to consideration of recommendations made by the SAP and the
public, the final reassessment-due in FY2001~will be guided by the findings
of the 1999 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report on Genetically
Modified Pest-Protected Plants. The assessment covers all data submitted to
EPA for the initial registration of these products and everything available since
the registration. Several prominent aspects of the Bt Reassessment are
discussed below.
Understanding Bt Corn's Potential Effects on the Monarch Butterfly:
In June 1999, a published study raised questions regarding the potential risks to
Monarch butterflies from pollen of certain strains of genetically modified corn.
Potential effects on non-target pests including several insects were part of
Two Divisions in OPP regulate
products of modern
biotechnology:
The Registration Division
regulates the herbicides used on
herbicide tolerant crops such
as Round Up Ready Soy-
beansฎ.
The Biopesticides and Pollution
Prevention Division regulates
products of biotechnology that
directly produce pesticidal
substances-microbial
pesticides such as Bt engineered
to produce an additional
insecticidal compound; the Bt
plant-incorporated protectant-
the plants produce the protein
toxic to insects; and biochemical
pesticides manufactured using
engineered bacteria.
Using a pin inoculator, a technician can
simultaneously test 32 separate
Bacillus thuringiensis isolates.
-------
3 REGULATING PLANT-INCORPORATED PROTECTANTS
Did You Know:
The first generation of
biotech crops was
approved by EPA, FDA,
and USDA in the mid
1990s. By 1999, trans-
genie varieties accounted
for 33 percent of corn
acreage, 50 percent of
soybean acreage, and 55
percent of cotton acreage
in the U.S.
EPA's evaluation prior to registration. EPA estimated that non-target moths and
butterflies would not be exposed to a significant amount of Bt corn pollen. To
help identify actual risks to Monarch butterflies, EPA issued a data call-in (DCI)
notice to the registrants of Bt corn products in December of 1999. The DCI
focused on information in several areas relating to potential Bt corn impacts on
non-target lepidopterans, especially Monarchs and the endangered Karner Blue
butterfly.
In November 1999 and February 2000, OPP staff participated in USDA
meetings to review the preliminary results of these field studies and identify
future needs for Monarch research. Two additional workshops are planned for
Fall 2001 to discuss the results of the 2000 season's field trials. Authors of
these Monarch studies will try to expedite the publications of their scientific
papers so they can share their results with the public more rapidly. The final
risk assessment for Bt, due in FY 2001, will reflect the field trial results, as well
as OPP's analysis of the data.
Insect Resistance and Refuge Requirements: In FY 2000, the insect
resistance management plans for Bt potatoes were modified to make the refuge S
requirements mandatory rather than voluntary, and the Bt cotton refuge jฃ
requirements were strengthened. A new type of refuge option called an g.
embedded refuge was also included. EPA also mandated a consistent set of g;
required refuge strategies for all Bt corn products and strengthened existing ^
resistance monitoring plans. OPP worked collaboratively with industry, grower cง
groups, environmental organizations, and USDA to make these changes. g
-------
3 REGULATING PLANT-INCORPORATED PROTECTANTS
StarLink Corn: In the fall of 2000, EPA and USDA learned that some corn
products in grocery stores contained traces of StarLink corn, a strain of
genetically modified com approved for use in animal feed but not cleared for
human consumption due to unresolved allergenicity questions. These findings
resulted in the voluntary cancellation of StarLink's registration by Aventis
CropScience, the manufacturer. In addition, EPA has worked closely with
USDA and FDA to remove all possible StarLink corn from the food supply
and ensure that no more StarLink is used in food products. In FY 2001, EPA
will continue to follow the StarLink issue closely. Next steps by the
government relating to StarLink include:
EPA, FDA, and CDC conducting a follow-up investigation of the
health incidents reported,
EPA evaluating new data on processing effects on StarLink residues,
EPA evaluating analytical methods to measure StarLink residues,
FDA further monitoring of the food supply to determine if StarLink
residues are present, and
| Continued review of scientific data by the FIFRA SAP.
t
&
i. Responding to Stakeholders: OPP produced a detailed scientific response
: to a Greenpeace petition that focused on insect-resistance management and
I ecological effects. To support the response, we revised, updated, and
I producedtechnicalfactsheetsforeachregisteredBtplant-pesticide. In
I addition, we produced reports for meetings with the FIFRA SAP on
: ecological effects anddatarequirementsforproteinPIPs. Following OPP's
3 response, on July 21,2000, Greenpeace withdrew its lawsuit related to the
5 petition. The petition response and other documents can be found on our
; biotechnology Web site atwww.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides.
4
Promoting Dialogue and Peer Review on Biotechnology Issues: OPP
staff gave presentations at workshops, symposia, and public meetings on
biotechnology. In addition, the Agency held three public meetings of the SAP
on specific biotechnology issues in FY 2000:
December 8-9, 1999-Data Requirements for Currently Registered
PIPs,
February 4,2000Food Allergenicity of Cry9C Endotoxin and Non-
Digestible Proteins, and
May 17, 2000Mammalian Toxicity Assessment Guidelines for PIPs.
EPA also took part in an administration-wide biotechnology review led jointly by
the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) and the Office of Science and
Technology Policy (OSTP). The review focused on regulation of ecological
impacts of biotechnology products including relevant PIPs. A report was
developed using a case study approach to be issued in FY 2001. The Agency
also coordinated with the NC 205, a combination of USDA and independent
scientists studying the European corn borer. NC 205 provided the Agency with
research and suggestions regarding insect-resistance management programs for
the Bt crops.
_=*
Agricultural engineer examines a sampla
of grain collected from this combine's f
grain flow sensor
^^',..iSaugBj^g^^ftซ^^si iiii mgiLi
fiternational meetings held on j
arofechnologyiiTFY 200(fincluded"^
exAd Hoc Task Force
nf*%at.ซ 1,, it, ^.tasaekftk
^sfo^ Foods Derived
iogy,
^ECT^meetrngs^rnrjlementing
'versjjty protocol, and
rfl^m!IM"L^TO'lซ 1'mm "9 nmar -TlOiar T
rxnHen^l meetings or
ซ, j man "i fm JU.EI ^^ป9MiHp MW
-enses ^ Soufe ^^ ^ ^ ^
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" ^" ^ - .i A"Srปซ :ze,,,wnft,n"~ - ''
products.
-------
4
REREGISTERING PESTICIDES AND
REASSESSING TOLERANCES
-------
4 REREGISTERING PESTICIDES AND REASSESSING TOLERANCES
JL his fiscal year, through the pesticide reregistration program, EPA made
significant progress in completing risk assessments and risk management
decisions for many of the organophosphates (OPs) and for several other
pesticides, our highest priority for reregistration and tolerance reassessment.
The Agency initiated actions to significantly reduce use and exposure to two
OP pesticides used widely in and around the home: chlorpyrifos and diazinon.
Our agreements with the manufacturers to phase out and cancel indoor and
outdoor residential uses and other uses of concern during the next few years
will significantly mitigate risks to children, families, workers, wildlife, and the
environment. EPA reviewed the safety of 19 pesticide active ingredients
found in approximately 2,000 pesticide products on the market and completed
121 tolerance reassessment decisions.
The Agency issued Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Documents for 6
of these 9 pesticides, Interim REDs (TREDs) for 7 pesticides, and Tolerance
REDS (TREDs) for the remaining 6 pesticides. Of these 19 pesticides, all
uses of 1 pesticide-ethyl parathion~are being cancelled; some uses of 6
pesticides are being cancelled: terrazole, vinclozolin, fenthion, oxamyl,
> phorate, propetamphos; and other types of risk mitigation measures are being
i taken for all except mevinphos and fenitrothion. Appendix B-l contains
1 summaries of our decisions for these 19 pesticides. Some examples of other
risk-reduction measures include: prohibiting certain application methods,
[ increasing entry intervals, requiring protective clothing, and restricting use
near bodies of water.
jj Fourteen of the 19 pesticides for which reviews were completed are OPs.
; Appendix B-2 presents the review status of the OP pesticides. OP status
I information and the available risk assessment and risk management
; documents are also on EPA's web page (www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/).
In conducting reviews of the OPs, EPA piloted a process to enhance
transparency and public participation. The process was devised in
consultation with the Tolerance Reassessment Advisory Committee (TRAC),
an advisory group with a wide variety of stakeholders, co-chaired by the
Deputy Administrator of EPA and the USDA Deputy Secretary. Using this
process, we have presented for comment and refined our risk assessments for
OPs based on sound scientific data and information from our stakeholders.
The Agency is committed to following a similar process to conduct
reassessments mandated by FQPA for the remaining OPs and other food-use
pesticides and for all pesticides undergoing pesticide reregistration. EPA took
action to increase opportunities for public involvement in the development of
future REDs by publishing a proposed process for public participation in risk
assessment and risk management for all chemicals in reregistration. This final
process will be hi place for chemicals to be reviewed after 2001. An interim
process was applied to non-OP chemicals reviewed in 2000 and will be used
in 2001 (see Appendix B-3).
Reregistration Decisions
Completed in FY 2000
6 REDs:
Diclofop-Methyl
Ethyl Parathion*
Temephos*
Terrazole (Etridiazole)
Triallate
Vinclozolin
7 IREDs:
Bensulide*
Fenthion*
Oxamyl**
Phorate*
Profenofos*
Propetamphos*
Tribufos*
6 TREDs:
Cadusafos*
Chlorethoxyfos*
Coumaphos*
Fenitrothion*
Mevinphos*
Phostebupirim*
Organophosphate (OP)
** Carbamate
-------
ENSURING TRANSITION TO
ALTERNATIVE PEST MANAGEMENT TOOLS
, :- ^iife
. . -,
^
'^jz*ti&;ป&*^&3^^.&g ^f
^> *L<& ~*>.?'-" i-JT* ซ.5rk< FI.?WC:*jฃ_, .
Kiป6y-_-f- ;ฑt JaS^r'-iaSs^W^-.C,*-*^- -i -
-------
5 ENSURING TRANSITION TO ALTERNATIVE PEST MANAGEMENT TOOLS
nn
w
1 his year, EPA worked closely with USDA, the agricultural community, and
other pesticide users to ensure that our pesticide regulatory decisions primarily
our aggregate risk assessments for the OPs were realistic and based on
sound science. The Agency increased opportunities for public involvement in
the risk assessment and risk management processes for all chemicals in
reregistration. We re-affirmed our commitment to registering safer OP
alternatives and supported the development of other innovative pest
management tools. The Committee to Advise on Reassessment and Transition
(CARAT) was created as a follow-on to TRAC. At its first meeting in June
2000, CARAT members reviewed current efforts to assess pest management
issues and considered ways the committee's advice could advance USDA and
EPA efforts.
We also worked together to ensure that growers are able to make the transition
to safer, cost-effective alternative pest management tools and approaches. For
many crops, lower risk pesticides already exist. The Agency also supported
innovative pest management through the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship
Program (PESP), a voluntary partnership between EPA and pesticide users.
The goal of PESP is to reduce pesticide risks encountered in both agricultural
and non-agricultural settings. The voluntary program includes more than 130
partnerships (see page 22). PESP members come from a range of different
organizations: commercial and residential pest control, agriculture, landscape and
turf, utilities/rights of way companies, networking/technology transfer companies,
and government.
Many of the FY 2000 submissions included encouraging results, enabling
growers to transition to safer, cost-effective alternative pest management tools
and approaches, for example:
Del Monte Foods, along with the Yakima Valley Pear IPM Project,
has been able to reduce OP use by 45 percent. Its canned products
showed no detectible residues.
The Winter Pear Control Committee in Oregon has been able to
reduce synthetic pesticide use by 74 percent during the last 5 years and
also reduce OP use by 66 percent.
Apples in Michigan. In test trials last year, OP use was cut in half on
an experimental plot of 900 acres of apples in Michigan. In FY 2001,
the trial plot area will be expanded to 2,900 acres and many of the
orchard blocks are on track to be OP-free.
Pears in Yakima, Washington. More than 2,000 acres, were
enrolled in this project. OP and carbamate use were reduced 30 to 50
percent in trial areas.
PESP GOES BEYOND
AGRICULTURE
The New York City Board of
Education, one of our PESP
Partners, reduced pesticides use
in its schools by 33 percent last
year. This school year
(September 2000), they began
using only boric acid and baits.
The Board avoids any and all use
of pesticide products in
classrooms and other areas where
students might be exposed to
Photo on previous page:
Pineapple in Hawaii grown
with biodegradable plastic mulch.
-------
5 ENSURING TRANSITION TO ALTERNATIVE PEST MANAGEMENT TOOLS
Did You Know:
Paris green, also called
Schweinfurt green, was
used in 1867 to control
an outbreak of the
Colorado Potato Beetle.
This extremely
poisonous, bright green
powder was once used
extensively as a pigment
(e.g., in wallpaper).
Chemically it is a copper
acetoarsenite that may be
prepared from arsenic
trioxide and copper
acetate.
Other exciting projects include:
Campbell Soup Supply Company is using disease forecasting for
tomatoes, celery, and peppers. By using this process called
TOM-CAST, Campbell has been able to reduce sprays by 50 percent.
Glades Crop Care, Inc., in Florida has found that its pepper
growers can spend 63 percent less money on pest management by
making fewer applications of pesticides, applying chemicals that are
much less environmentally disruptive, and using a more biointensive
pest management program. In addition, these growers used 43
percent fewer pesticides on their pepper crops.
Pineapple Growers Association of Hawaii is using an innovative
injection sprayer that releases herbicides only where they are needed.
The association is also testing a "living mulch" grass cover crop that is
stunted in height and out-competes other weeds.
The Mint Industry Research Council promotes the use of
predatory mites to control spider mites and the use of clean rootstock
that will prevent the introduction of diseased material into new fields at
the time they are being established.
-------
5 ENSURING TRANSITION TO ALTERNATIVE PEST MANAGEMENT TOOLS
Many PESP projects are made possible through EPA grants. For example,
EPA provides grants to the American Farmland Trust's Center for Agriculture
in the Environment, and the USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and
Education Program (SARE). American Farmland Trust, Center for Agriculture
in the Environment projects are pesticide risk/use reduction activities targeted to
major commodity groups and intended to complement the FQPA. Most of the
projects are unique public-private partnerships with multiple funding sources,
including private foundations (.e.g, Pew Charitable Trusts) and environmental
groups (e.g., the World Wildlife Fund).
The SARE program is a regionally administered education and demonstration
program designed to promote environmentally friendly (and sustainable) farming
practices that include: increased biodiversity, clean water, use of advanced
IPM, cover crops and rotations, and soil tilth. EPA contributes grant funds to
the SARE program through an IAG with USDA, and provides technical and
administrative support to the program. For more information on PESP and its
members, visit our Web site at http://www.pesp.org The 2000 Pesticide
Environmental Stewardship Program Members are:
, PESP Partners (Organizations that use pesticides or
2j represent pesticide users are eligible to become PESP
Partners.)
All Service Pest Management, Inc.
Almond Board of California
American Electric Power Service Corporation
American Mosquito Control Association
American Nursery and Landscape Association
American Peanut Council
American Pest Management, Inc.
Arizona Public Service
Artichoke Research Association
California Citrus Research Board
California Cling Peach Growers Advisory Board
California Floral Council
California Fresh Carrot Advisory Board
California Lettuce Research Board
California Melon Research Advisory Board
California Pear Advisory Board
California Pear Growers
California Pistachio Commission
California Prune Board
California Tomato Commission
Carolina Power & Light
Central Maine Power Company
Central Virginia Electric Cooperative
Chevy Chase Village
Chicago Parks District, Department of Conservatories
City of Davis, CA
-------
5 ENSURING TRANSITION TO ALTERNATIVE PEST MANAGEMENT TOOLS
Hawaii Agriculture Research Center
Hawaii Banana Industry Association
Hawaiian Electric Company
Hood River Grower-Shipper Association
Kansas Corn Growers Association
Kansas Grain Sorghum Producers Association
Lodi-Woodbridge Winegrape Commission
Low Input Viticulture and Enology of Oregon
Massachusetts IPM Council
Massey Services, Inc.
Michigan Cherry Committee
Mint Industry Research Council
Monroe County School Corporation
National Grape Cooperative, Inc.
National Grid (formerly Eastern Utilities)
National Pest Management Association
National Potato Council
New England, Vegetable & Berry Growers ssociation
New Orleans Mosquito Control Board
New York Berry Growers Association
New York City Board of Education
New York State Gas & Electric
Northeast Utilities
Northern Indiana Public Service Corporation
Northwest Alfalfa Seed Grower Association
Owen Specialty Services, Inc.
Pacific Coast Producers
Pear Pest Management Research Fund
Pebble Beach Company
Pennsylvania Electric
Pennsylvania Power & Light
Pennsylvania Rural Electric Association
Pineapple Growers Association of Hawaii
Processed Tomato Foundation
Professional Lawn Care Association of America
Reliable Pest Control
Roses Inc.
Sanitary Pest Control Company
Sarasota County Government Public Works
South Dakota Cattlemen's Association
Sprague Pest Solutions
Steritech Group, Inc.
Sunkist Growers
Sun-Maid Growers of California
Tennessee Valley Authority
Texas Association of Nurserymen, Inc.
Texas Pest Management Association
U.S. Apple Association
U.S. Canola Association
U.S. Department of Defense
U.S. Hop Industry Plant Protection Committee
-------
8
"13
1
I
Ul
5 ENSURING TRANSITION TO ALTERNATIVE PEST MANAGEMENT TOOLS
U.S. Public Health Service - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
University of Georgia-College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences
Utilicorp United
VA, MD & DE Association of Electric Cooperatives
Vegetation Managers, Inc.
Walnut Marketing Board
Walt Disney World Resort
Washington State Department of Transportation
West Virginia Power
Winter Pear Control Committee
Wisconsin Ginseng Growers Association
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation
PESP Supporters (Organizations that have an interest in
pesticide issues are eligible to become PESP Supporters.)
Agricultural Conservation Innovation Center
American Association of Pesticide Safety Educators
Aqumix, Inc.
Association of Applied Insect Ecologists
Auburn University - Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology
Audubon International
Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association
Bio-Integral Resource Center
Campbell Soup Company
Claymont Center for Continuous Education
Del Monte
Farm*A*Syst / Home*A*Syst
Gempler's Inc.
General Mills, Inc.
Gerber Products Company
Glades Crop Care, Inc.
Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy
IPM Institute of North America, Inc.
Maryland Department of Agriculture
Miami Tribe of Oklahoma
National Council of Farmer Cooperatives
Northeast Research, Extension & Academic Program Committee for IPM
Rainforest Alliance - ECO O.K. Program
United States Golf Association
University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service
University of Wisconsin Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems
-------
RESPONDING TO PESTICIDE SAFETY
AND PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS
-------
6 RESPONDING TO PESTICIDE SAFETY AND PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS
I
r
I
I
ui
JT esticides contribute to an ample food supply, are vital for controlling
disease-causing vectors (pests, such as mosquitoes, which spread disease),
and keep our homes and gardens free from deleterious pests. EPA is
dedicated to ensuring that pesticides can be used without posing
unreasonable risks to public health and the environment. Our dedication
does not end once a pesticide has been registered. In FY 2000, EPA
responded to several pesticide safety and public health concerns:
Chlorpyrifos: We made an agreement with registrants to phase out
and eliminate chlorpyrifos termiticide and residential indoor and lawn
uses. The agreement also will significantly lower allowable residues
on certain crops, including fruits and vegetables regularly eaten by
children, thereby reducing or eliminating the most important sources
of exposure.
Allercare: To avert additional possible harmful effects to
consumers, at our urging, S.C. Johnson and Son, Inc., issued an
immediate voluntary recall after more than 400 people reported
experiencing medical problems after using one of two products:
AllerCare Dust Mite Powder or AllerCare Dust Mite
Allergen Spray for Carpet and Upholstery.
Pull 'N Spray Containers: We worked in cooperation with the
Scotts Company and Monsanto Corporation to alert consumers to
return two pesticide products in Pull 'N Spray containers for full
refunds Roundupฎ Ready-to-Use Weed & Grass Killer and
Orthoฎ Ready-to-Use Home Defense Indoor & Outdoor Insect
Killer. The Pull 'N Spray pump mechanism had the potential to
malfunction and expose the user to the pesticide contents.
PUR Water Purifier Failure: In cooperation with Procter &
Gamble, EPA worked to remove from the marketplace all PUR
water purifiers with carbon filters. It was determined that the
carbon filter actually removed the purifying chemical from the
water before it was fully successful in treating the water. Procter
& Gamble recalled all such products and placed signs identifying
the deficiency in retail outlets where the units were sold. They
also published ads in camping magazines to advertise the recall.
The company then submitted data to the Agency demonstrating that
the product still works effectively without the carbon filter, so the
Agency allowed remaining stocks to stay in the channels of trade.
Pesticides and Public Health: In FY 2000, OPP's Public Health
Official (PHO) coordinated with the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) and USDA on public health issues relating to
pesticides used to control mosquitoes carrying the West Nile Virus.
In May 2000, OPP developed a series of fact sheets relating to
pesticides used to control mosquitoes carrying the West Nile Virus:
"Pesticides and Mosquito Control"
"Larvicides for Mosquito Control"
USE OF CHLORPYRIFOS RETAINED FOR
MOSQUITO CONTROL TO PROTECT
PUBLIC HEALTH
'espite great strides in vector control
over the past 50 years, mosquito-borne
diseases continue to pose significant
threats to the public in the United States.
Current challenges posed by the West Nile
virus, for example, illustrate the importance
of having effective mosquito control tools
available. State and local health
departments which have a critical, front-
line role in protecting the public from
mosquito-borne diseases, carry out
prevention, education, and eradication
efforts. They can rely on many EPA-
registered insecticides that they can
employ without posing unreasonable risk
to human health or the environment.
Within the arsenal of pesticide products
still available for public health uses are OP
insecticides such as chlorpyrifos. OPs
affect the functioning of the nervous
system and are in the priority group of
pesticides being reviewed under FQPA.
Chlorpyrifos is commonly found in many
home and garden bug sprays. It has been
used to combat termites and is also used
on some agricultural crops.
EPA released its revised risk assessment of
chlorpyrifos and announced an agreement
with registrants to eliminate and phase out
certain uses of the pesticide. Chlorpyrifos
use will be virtually eliminated in and
around homes and in nonresidential
settings. Under the agreement, ultra low
volume applications of chlorpyrifos for
mosquito control will be allowed to
continue. Chlorpyrifos use by
professional applicators for fire ant control
will also be allowed to continue. These
applications provide an important public
health benefit without posing risks of
concern.
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6 RESPONDING TO PESTICIDE SAFETY AND PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS
During 2000, infected or dead
birds, such as crows, often
provided the first indication
that the West Nile Virus was
present in the area.
Mosquitoes, which are largely
bird feeding species, transmit
the virus to people and
animals.
"Synthetic Pyrethroids for Mosquito Control"
"Naled for Mosquito Control"
"Malathion for Mosquito Control"
EPA's mosquito-related fact sheets are available online at
www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/skeeters.htm. Our website also
links to CDC's website which provides information on West Nile Virus:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/index.htm
In FY 2000, OPP's PHO also chaired EPA's Public Health Steering
Committee, which includes members from each OPP Division. This
Committee worked with CDC to develop a list of public health pests;
an EPA/CDC Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that provides a
framework for interagency coordination; and standard operating
procedures for the EPA and CDC consultative process.
Other pesticide issues EPA and CDC worked together on in FY 2000
include: insect repellent labeling and efficacy testing protocols, and
identifying ways to further enhance coordination activities, including staff
exchanges and Week in Residence (WIRE) programs.
3
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EPA and CDC officials sign a Memorandum of Understanding to
coordinate programs to control pests of public health concern.
From left to right: Dr. James M. Hughes, Director of The National
Center for Infectious Disease; Marcia E. Mulkey, Director of EPA's
Pesticide Programs; and Dr. Richard J. Jackson, Director for the National
Center for Environmental Health.
Did You Know: Use of Methyl Parathion on many fruit and vegetable crops became
unlawful as of January 1, 2000 as a result of 1999 voluntary cancellation.
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6 RESPONDING TO PESTICIDE SAFETY AND PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS
"Treated Articles" and Public Health Claims: In recent years,
the marketplace has experienced a proliferation of products (e.g.,
sponges and cutting boards) that are treated with pesticides ("treated
articles") that bear implied or explicit public health claims. Product
labels for many treated articles contain claims of antibacterial
properties for protection against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, or make
specific claims against pathogenic organisms that may cause food
poisoning, infectious diseases, or respiratory problems. EPA's treated
articles policy (Federal Register Notice, 4/17/98) clarified the current
enforcement policy that "no implied or explicit public health claims of
any kind may be made..." for treated articles. Further, EPA's policy
states that "the claims concerning the presence of a pesticide in the
treated article are limited to the protection of the treated article only."
To minimize bom consumer and industry confusion over what
constitutes a correct and acceptable product claim, EPA clarified its
current policy and offered guidance with respect to the scope of the
treated-article exemption hi Pesticide Registration (PR) Notice 2000-1.
Subsequently, EPA issued PR Notice 2000-10, which indicated that the
Agency will begin to rely on the guidance in PR Notice 2000-1 as of
April 30,2001.
Making Sure Hospital Disinfectants
Work: OPP's Microbiology Laboratory
is testing hospital disinfectants and
tuberculocides. In the past year the new
lab at the Environmental Science Center
at Ft. Meade, Maryland, has been
evaluating selected product performance
claims (Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus,
and Mycobacterium) for hospital
disinfectants and tuberculocides to
ensure that they perform as intended.
The team tested product formulations
including towelette, spray, and ready-to-
use formulations. Results of the tests
are then shared with OPP's Antimicrobial
Division and the Office of Enforcement
and Compliance Assurance for
appropriate followup. We have also
expanded the testing program by
including four state laboratories (Ohio,
Michigan, North Carolina, and
Mississippi) in the project.
Workshops on antimicrobial testing at the
Environmental Science Center in
November 1999 and August 2000
brought scientists together from the state
laboratories and the Food & Drug
Administration to learn more about the
technical aspects of product testing.
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7 SUPPORTING FIELD PROGRAMS
Tribal Pesticide Program Council members and EPA staff meet at the
Yakima Nation in Washington State - September 2000.
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7 SUPPORTING FIELD PROGRAMS
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X hrough increased coordination and a strong commitment to continued
collaborative relationships among EPA regional offices, state pesticide
regulatory agencies, tribes, public interest groups, private organizations, and
other stakeholders, OPP has been successful at implementing its regulatory
programs in the field.
INCREASING PROTECTION FOR PESTICIDE HANDLERS AND FIELD
WORKERS
Reassessing Pesticide Applicator Certification and Training: Comprised
of OPP, USDA, state pesticide agencies, tribes, and pesticide safety educators,
the Certification and Training Assessment Group (CTA.G) is reassessing the
adequacy of current programs for training and certifying applicators of
restricted use pesticides. These higher-risk pesticides may be applied only by or
under the direct supervision of specially trained and certified applicators.
States, territories, and tribes conduct these programs according to national
standards set by OPP. In January 1999, CTAG published recommendations for
changes to guide the program's future. In FY 2000, OPP implemented certain
recommendations, which include conducting national test validation workshops,
initiating public and private projects to develop training materials, and sharing
training materials through website postings. Pesticide applicator certification
and training information can be found at www.epa.gov/oppfeadl/safety/
applicators/applicators.html.
Worker Protection Assessment Group: In June 2000, OPP hosted the first
meeting of the Worker Protection Assessment Group, which includes over 100
stakeholders representing state departments of agriculture, worker advocacy
groups, county extension services, grower groups, and federal agencies, to
discuss issues and needs for improving worker protection regulations. The goal
of this group is to assess the current worker protection program, generate a
consortium of interests that can effect change in the program, provide a means
to foster the partnerships essential to make the program work, and provide a
continuing forum to focus on and resolve worker protection issues. Broad
themes emerged from the meeting that will serve as the focal point for the
assessment, such as inspection, training, children's health, and communication
and information exchange. The worker protection assessment group will help
the Agency develop a strategic plan for improving the national worker
protection program.
National Program to Train Farmworkers and Their Families about
Pesticide Safety: Through a cooperative agreement with the Association of
Farmworker Opportunity Programs (AFOP), EPA funded a national program to
train farmworkers and their families about pesticide safety. Joining forces with
AmeriCorps, AFOP expanded its small pesticide safety education program into
a highly successful partnership between AFOP, AmeriCorps, EPA, and 37
community-based organizations across the country.
KEEP OUT
HO EHTRE
Farmworkers participate in
training led by Angela Campos, an
AFOP AmeriCorps member who
received the All-AmeriCorp
' Leadership Award for 2000.
Farmworkers participate in training
led by Victoria Gonzales, an AFOP
AmeriCorps member.
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7 SUPPORTING FIELD PROGRAMS
Courage am I
Courage am I.
Outstanding art is in my community.
Read our path-
In our community we share.
Now I will change the world.
Amazing is our community.
Reflecting in my thoughts
Unity is our community.
In our community we educate.
Zipping our minds.
When I make these choices
I am a hero
I am Corina Ruiz
I am part of the Young Farm
Workers' Academy.
-C.Ruiz, 10
In the sixth year of this program, AFOP AmeriCorps members have
trained more than 150,000 farmworkers, farmworker children, farmers, and
community members in 22 states: AZ, AR, CA, CO, FL, GA, HI, IN, LA,
MA, ME, MD, MT, NJ, NY, NC, OH, PA, TX, UT, VA, and WA. As part of
this effort, farmworkers, their families, and farmers learn ways to protect
themselves and others from adverse effects of pesticides and to comply with
the Worker Protection Standard. Many of the AFOP AmeriCorps members
come from farmworker families and will go on to utilize their educational
awards toward a career in public health, community service, or the
environment.
Educational Mentoring Program for Children of Farm Workers: In FY
2000, EPA provided funds for the development of the Young Farm Workers'
Academy (YFA). Implemented by Equity Research Corporation, the
University of Texas at Brownsville, and the Texas Southmost College, this pilot
mentoring program provided 55 elementary, middle, and high school children of
migrant workers with an increased awareness of organic gardening, pesticide
safety, health and well-being, and opportunities for a college education. Fifty
trained mentors (university students, parents, and community leaders)
developed and established bonds with the children. They were also able to
increase the children's awareness of pesticide safety and parents'
participation in their children's education.
On September 21, 2000, 10 YFA students participated in EPA's 2000 Hispanic
Heritage Month Celebration in Washington, B.C. EPA's theme was "Children:
Our Hope for the Future." The YFA students shared with OPP their
experiences working on the farm and what they have learned in the program.
The students-Kimberley Benitez, Guadalupe Gaona, Anna Karem Garza,
Rosita Reyes, Corina Torrina Ruiz, Leo Mariscal, Rodrigo Reyes, Cindy
Alonso, Daisy Alonso, and Gloria Castillo-were accompanied by their
chaperones-Aaron Brenner; YFA staff members; Ofelia Gaona, the Runn
Elementary Principal; and Dr. Manzillas from the University of Texas at
Brownsville.
INCREASING THE QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
w
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10
YFA students share their farming
experiences with OPP.
Finalizing the Groundwater Pesticide Management Plans (PMPs): In
1996, OPP published a proposed rule that represents a new regulatory
approach to the management of certain pesticides that would otherwise be
considered for cancellation due to their toxicity and their widespread
occurrence and persistence in the environment. Under the proposed rule, use
would be allowed to continue in states and on tribal lands if the state or tribe
develops chemical-specific management plans for them. These plans must
specify the variability in local hydrogeology, vuhierability, and use patterns.
This rule was developed with state and tribal input. As of FY 2000, 24 states
and one tribe have voluntarily completed "generic" management plans that
have received regional concurrence.
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7 SUPPORTING FIELD PROGRAMS
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PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES
New Information Management System: An industry task force (the
FIFRA Endangered Species Task Force, or FESTF), in partnership with OPP,
this year developed an Internet-based information management system to
facilitate risk assessments for endangered and threatened species. Test runs
and pilots of the system are expected to occur through next summer. When
the system is operational at OPP, anticipated in 2002, it will provide both
FESTF-member registrants and OPP risk assessors with a consistent,
Standardized method for analyzing pesticide-use information and species-
location data. The system includes a list of species in the areas of interest, a
list of EPA-approved mitigation measures applicable to the particular situation,
and a large database of information from subject-area experts, allowing
registrants and EPA either to identify existing mitigation measures or to
propose new ones. Information on OPP's Endangered Species Protection
Program is available at wvwv.epa.gov/espp/.
New Jaguar Information Sheet: OPP worked with the Fish and Wildlife
Service (FWS) to determine and implement mitigation measures to protect the
jaguar in six counties in Arizona and one in New Mexico the jaguar's
current range in the U.S. As an obligation to conserve threatened and
endangered species under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, OPP
developed a draft fact sheet on the endangered jaguar. The information sheet
is under review by FWS. (See box for list of available information sheets on
endangered species.)
Improving the Process for Protecting Endangered Species: In FY 2000,
OPP began discussions with the FWS and the National Marine Fisheries
Service on ways to more quickly and efficiently protect threatened and
endangered species.
Endangered Species
Information Sheets
Amber Darter
Arizona Cliffrose
Attwater's Prairie Chicken
Autumn Buttercup
Bald Eagle
Blackside Dace
Blue Ridge Goldenrod
Boulder Darter
Brady Pincushion Cactus
Bunched Arrowhead
California Least Tern
Chapman's Rhododendron
Clay Phacelia
Colorado Squawfish
Conasauga Logperch
Desert Tortoise
Houston Toad
Flat-Spired Three-toothed Snail
Florida Torreya
Fresno Kangaroo Rat
Giant Gaiter Snake
Humpback Chub
Interior Least Tern
Iowa Pleistocene Snail
Rutland's Warbler
Kuenzler Hedgehog Cactus
Maguire Primrose
Mesa Verde Cactus
Miccosukee Gooseberry
Minnesota Trout Lily
Mississippi Sandhill Crane
Navajo Sedge
Okaloosa Darter
Painted Snake
Coiled Forest Snail
Peebles Navajo Cactus
Persistent Trillium
Piping Plover
Pondberry
Prairie Bush-Clover
Sacramento Mountains Thistle
Siler Pincushion Cactus
Snail Darter
Spotfin Chub
Tennessee Purple Coneflower
Toad-Flax Cress
Uinta Basin Hookless Cactus
Utah Prairie Dog
Whooping Crane
Wood Stork
Woundfin/Virgin River Chub
Wyoming Toad
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Working together
on these issues
[pesticide and toxic
issues in Indian
Country] - as
teachers, parents,
citizens, and
governments we
set an example of
respect for each
other and for all
parts of our Earth
family."
- Susan Wayland, Acting
Assistant Administrator for
OPPTS
7 SUPPORTING FIELD PROGRAMS
TRIBAL INITIATIVES AND PROGRAMS
The Tribal Pesticide Program Council (TPPC): The TPPC, formed
through a cooperative agreement with OPP and the Native Ecology
Initiative, held two meetings this year which were attended by
approximately 35 tribes and tribal organizations. The Council formed four
working groups: Tribal Strategy; Development of a Resource Guide for
Tribes; Tribal Legal Authority under FIFRA particularly Section 18; and
Subsistence, which includes the concerns of native fishermen, hunters,
gatherers, traditional medicine people, and cultural and crafts people, such
as basketweavers. The Council will be working closely with EPA to
advance work and resolve issues in these and other areas of interest to
tribes.
The Tribal Medicine Project: In FY 2000 OPP launched the tribal
medicine project as part of the OPP health care provider outreach
initiative. The project will provide health care providers with training on
how to identify, treat, and prevent acute pesticide poisoning. The project
also focuses on pesticide-related health conditions tailored to the unique
types of exposures and health care infrastructures in tribal communities.
Tribal Groundwater Workshops are carried out by a grantee to assist
tribes on technical, legal, and policy issues associated with developing
groundwater management plans. In just over 2 years, more than 120 tribes
have attended the workshops and over 15 tribes are developing
groundwater management plans.
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to
Tribal Pesticide Program Council
(TPPC) Logo
Did You Know: Ospreys are one of the birds tiiat made a dramatic comeback due,
in part, to the banning of DDT. Nationwide, Ospreys increased from fewer than 8,000
pairs in 1981 to 14,246 pairs in 1994.
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7 SUPPORTING FIELD PROGRAMS
Five-Year Strategic Plan for Tribal Programs: In FY 2000, OPP's tribal
team began work with EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics to
develop a strategic plan that will set goals for the two offices' tribal programs
for the next 5 years. The strategic plan, to be adopted in FY 2001, will reflect
extensive input not only from EPA stakeholders but also from individual tribal
members and tribal environmental groups. As the tribes' needs change, the
strategic plan will be revised.
Tribal Newsletter: In FY 2000, the OPP tribal team worked with the Office
of Pollution Prevention and Toxics staff to publish several issues of the Office
of Pesticides, Prevention, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) newsletter, OPPTS
Tribal Neivs. The newsletter is intended to serve as a news exchange
between the Agency and tribes. It features tribal success stories,' summaries
of the two EPA offices' activities with tribes, information on conferences,
meetings and grants, resources available to tribes, and a popular kid's page.
For a look at all of the issues, point your browser to www.epa.gov/opptbitr/
tribal.
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8 BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT
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8 PARTNERS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
Jt5y continuing to build on existing partnerships and forging new alliances, OPP
and its regional counterparts are better able to implement EPA's mission of
protecting public health and the environment from the risks pesticides may
pose. In FY 2000, through unique partnerships, OPP worked to promote safer
means of pest control and was able to develop and apply better, more consistent
policies to decisionmaking. The various stakeholders include other government
agencies, states, and the international community, as well as a host of others.
SUPPORTING REGIONAL INITIATIVES
Pesticide Urban Initiative: OPP continued to provide funding in support of
EPA regional and state projects to prevent the misuse of pesticides in urban
residential settings. The strategy is a direct response to increased Agency
concerns about a series of highly dangerous incidents where a toxic agricultural
pesticide, methyl parathion, was illegally used indoors in residential settings to
control cockroaches. In addition to providing increased regulatory and
enforcement presence in targeted urban communities, as well as training and
compliance assistance to states, EPA regions have developed an array of
outreach materials and programs. Partnerships have been formed with USDA
cooperative extension services, state agencies, universities, and other groups.
, JOINING FORCES WITH OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES AND STATES
Pesticides and the Health Care Community: OPP partnered with the
public health community to develop and publish in the Federal Register a draft
implementation plan for public comment that identifies strategies for educating
health care providers on how to recognize, diagnose, and manage pesticide-
related conditions. The plan and implementation progress will be showcased at
a national forum for health care providers scheduled for early 2001 in
Washington, D.C. For more information, see the Pesticides and National
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8 PARTNERS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
State FIFRA Issues
Research and Evaluation
Group (SFIREG)
SFIREG was established through a
cooperative agreement in 1978 by OPP
and the Association of American
Pesticide Control Officials (AAPCO)to
exchange information between OPP and
state regulatory officials. The following
meetings were held hi FY 2000:
December 6-7,1999 - SFIREG Group
Meeting
February 7-8,2000 - SFIREG Water
Quality and Pesticide Disposal Working
Committee
March 6-8,2000 - AAPCO Spring
Meeting
April 17-18,2000 - SFIREG Pesticide
Operations and Management Working
Committee
June 26-27,2000 - SFIREG Group
Meeting
August 7-8,2000 - AAPCO Summer
Meeting
Strategies for Health Care Providers report, created by OPP in collaboration
with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, USD A, the
Department of Labor, and the National Environmental Education Training
Foundation. To obtain more information, visit www.epa.gov/pesticides/
safety.
Quality Management Plan Workgroup: States and tribal agencies are
required to develop Quality Management Plans to ensure that environmental
data collected are of known, documented quality. States also are required to
develop Quality Assurance Project Plans, detailing the procedures for data
gathering and analyses. In June 1999, OPP collaborated with state pesticide
lead agencies, state pesticide laboratories, EPA regions, and EPA's Office of
Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring to develop Guidance for Quality
Management Plan Development. The workgroup also began developing
similar guidance for states and tribes to develop Quality Assurance Project
Plans to be finalized by the end of calendar year 2000.
Working with State Labs: OPP's laboratories support state FIFRA
laboratories through training workshops, the check-sample program, and
provision of analytical methods and reference standards.
Two week-long training workshops were held during the year. The
first, High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Practical Application to
Pesticide Residue Analysis, was hosted by California Department of
Food and Agriculture Laboratory. The second, Analysis of
Herbicides Found in Groundwater, was hosted by the Ohio
Department of Agriculture. These workshops included a combination
of classroom instruction and "hands-on" lab work, a format particularly
popular with state lab personnel.
Check sample exercises provide an opportunity for state laboratories to
assess their performance in analyzing standard samples for pesticides
and to help identify areas where additional training or better analytical
methods may be needed. Participation has been excellent, with 35
state labs participating in November 1999 and 48 in March 2000.
State laboratories are OPP's primary customers for analytical methods
for pesticide residues. In June 2000, to facilitate methods requests, we
posted an index of available environmental chemistry methods on the
Internet, along with an e-mail request form. In the first 4 months, we
received 88 requests for 173 methods. In comparison, during the same
period for the prior fiscal year, we processed 48 requests for 62
methods. Similar indices for product chemistry and food residue
methods are planned for the coming year.
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8 PARTNERS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
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In its first full year of operation, the new Repository of Pesticide
Analytical Standards at the Environmental Science Center showed real
improvements in service to state labs. In FY 2000, nearly 3,000
standards were distributed to state labs, significantly exceeding initial
projections of 3,000 in the first 5 years.
DEVELOPING STAKEHOLDER PARTNERSHIPS
Wisconsin Potato Project: This year OPP partnered with the grower
community, environmental and consumer interest groups, and the University of
Wisconsin Potato IPM Research and Extension Team to enhance ecosystem
health and grower profitability. This was achieved through pesticide risk/use
reductions and promotion of IPM. This collaboration has been successful at
lowering growers' use of toxic pesticides, and EPA is in the process of
expanding the project to include more growers.
Consumer Labeling Initiative (CLI): In March 2000 at the Philadelphia
Flower Show, OPP and industry partners launched a nationwide public
education campaign to encourage consumers to read the information on
household product labels. The "Read the Label First!" campaign is part of
CLI, a voluntary partnership to improve labels and help the public purchase,
use, and dispose of products more safely and responsibly. The campaign
coincides with new, easier-to-read labels on many home pesticide and cleaning
products now on store shelves. For more information on CLI, visit
http://www.epa.gov/oppt/labeling.
Inert Disclosure Stakeholder Workgroup: Early this year, OPP
established the Inert Disclosure Stakeholder Workgroup to advise the Agency
through the Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee (PPDC) on ways to make
information on inert ingredients more available to the public while working
within the mandates of FIFRA and related Confidential Business Information
(CBI) concerns. The group has been examining the current Agency processes
and policies for disseminating inert ingredient information to the public, including
informational needs for a variety of stakeholders, as well as business reasons
for limiting the disclosure of inert ingredient information. In FY 2001, the
workgroup is expected to make recommendations on how to increase the
availability of inert ingredient information to the public.
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8 PARTNERS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
Spray Drift Team: OPP's Spray Drift Team worked with industry, academia,
applicators, USDA, states, tribes, and EPA regions to develop guidance for new
labeling language for off-target pesticide drift control. As a result, the Team
developed a draft PR Notice, "Spray and Dust Drift Label Statements for
Pesticide Products," and a supporting draft Federal Register Notice, both
expected to be published in FY 2001. The purpose of the PR Notice is to
provide registrants and applicators with improved and more consistent product
label statements for controlling pesticide drift from spray and dust applications.
In FY 2000, team members consulted stakeholders and met with state
representatives to discuss their needs for effectively enforcing off-target drift
and held a question-and-answer session with aerial applicators. The team has
developed a draft guidance document for performing screening-level spray drift-
related risk and exposure assessments using the AgDRJFT model.
Birdcast Web Site: OPP supported the development of the new Birdcast Web
Site (launched March 2000), which provides the public with near real -time
forecasts of bird migration in the Mid-Atlantic region. Birdcast integrates
weather radar, audio monitoring, and ground observations of birds to track
migration. One major goal is to enable people to make better-informed decisions
about when to apply pesticides and conduct other activities that might affect
migrating birds. The coalition of partners who developed Birdcast includes the
Academy of Natural Sciences, National Audubon Society, Clemson University
Radar Ornithology Lab, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Geomarine, and EPA's
Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking Program
(EMPACT). Visit the Web site at www.birdcast.org.
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8 PARTNERS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
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INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Technical Working
Group (TWG): Under the NAFTA TWO on Pesticides, OPP's cooperation with
Canada and Mexico produced significant accomplishments in FY 2000. For
example, the TWG:
Completed the North American Crop Field Trial Zone Maps for
Canada and the U.S. to support registration of pesticides in all three
NAFTA countries and development of data in support of minor crops.
Identified, through the USDA and State-Funded Interregional Research
(IR-4) Project, 10 pesticide/crop combinations in Canada and the
U.S., and one combination between Mexico and the U.S. for development
of field trial data to support minor-use registrations.
Finalized a Geographic Information System that registrants can use to
select field dissipation study sites that will satisfy requirements of both
Canadian and American regulators.
Agreed on assessment procedures for occupational and residential
exposures that have facilitated routine work sharing and common
outcomes.
Developed a NAFTA document entitled, Status of Harmonization of
Pesticide Registration Between Canada and the United States -
Environmental Fate. This document outlines the areas of substantial
agreement between Canada and the United States for environmental fate data
requirements and test protocols.
Developed a NAFTA document entitled, "Harmonization of Regulation of
Pesticide Seed Treatment in Canada and the United States," which outlines how
pesticide products used for seed treatment are currently regulated in both Canadian
and the United States. Seed treatment products are primarily intended to provide
protection against soil fungi and insect damage. The document also explains the
degree of harmonization between the two countries' pesticide registration data
requirements and test protocols related to pesticide seed treatment (www.epa.gov/
oppfcadl/international/naftatwg/).
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8 PARTNERS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
Did You Know:
The OECD Working
Group is the only
established
international
forum for OECD
member countries to
meet regularly to
discuss pesticide
regulatory issues of
common interest.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Working Group on Pesticides: In FY 2000, OPP worked closely with
OECD to develop and implement pesticide program activities of common
interest. OPP worked with OECD on many pesticide issues:
Developed data requirements. Common data requirements are an
important building block of harmonizing regulatory reviews between
countries. The data requirements for agricultural pesticides are largely
harmonized. The work group developed proposals for similar core data
requirements for biological pesticides, pheromones, and microbials.
Developed harmonized guidelines applicable to industrial chemicals and
pesticides through the OECD Test Guidelines Program.
Agreed with the European Commission (EC), and Germany to conduct a
parallel review of an application to register the new corn herbicide,
foramsulfuron (Equipฎ, Tribute). The parallel review is a pilot project to
identify the similarities and differences between EPA's and the EC's data
requirements, data evaluations, and overall regulatory processes. The
successful completion of this parallel review project will lay the ground work
for further cooperation on pesticide regulation between the U.S. and Europe.
ซ Continued to develop information that would assist national governments
in measuring the success of risk reduction programs. As a beginning,
OECD has developed prototypes of aquatic risk indicators, which are
designed to measure trends in pesticide risk over time. In 2001, member
countries will test the risk indicators in pilot projects to determine their
applicability for national use.
' Attended several OECD meetings and workshops throughout the year:
the OECD Environmental Exposure to Wood Preservatives Workshop; the
Biennial Science and Technology Meeting; the OECD Human Exposure
to Wood Preservatives Workshop in Ottawa, Canada; and the OECD/
FAO/UNEP Obsolete Pesticides Workshop.
Persistent Organic Pollutants: OPP Provided pesticide program
expertise to and participated in the U.S. delegation to intergovernmental
negotiations for a global treaty on persistent organic pollutants. The fourth
intergovernmental negotiating session occurred in March 2000 in Bonn,
Germany and the fifth, and last, was held in December 2000 in South Africa.
-------
8 PARTNERS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
Prior Informed Consent:
In FY 2000, EPA worked
on the issue of Prior
Informed Consent (PIC).
PIC began when, in
September 1998, the U.S.
signed the Convention on the
PIC Procedure for Certain
Hazardous Chemicals and
Pesticides in International
Trade (The Rotterdam
Convention).
This agreement governs
trade in pesticides and other
hazardous chemicals that
8 have been banned or severely restricted based on health or environmental risk
concerns, or which pose special risks in developing countries. The agreement
8. has been transmitted to the U.S. Senate for its formal advice and consent.
I In FY 2000, the signatory countries established an Interim PIC Procedure,
< which will be in effect until the agreement is ratified. During this interim
I period, four pesticides have been approved for inclusion on the PIC list:
3? toxaphene, binapacryl, ethylene dichloride, and ethylene oxide. Also in FY
j| 2000, an Interim Chemical Review Committee (ICRC) was .established,
;g and OPP currently provides the U.S. representative., .ThejCRC has been
Jป developing streamlined operationaj[prpcldures anxHrnprovements in"theT_"""
- Decision Guidance DocumentsJwfilcTi summarise* the P*IC-listed *
.:JJฐ''fZSagr .,,. |j|.jr -Jb T5T.''".ฃ.'ป, 'i*"**" .ifc ~"
chemicals and their health and^r/environmenMrCqnc " ~T'
working on a simplified InciiSSRepof* " ~^^~ *
pesticide poisoning incident^id ti
agreement. , , jjjf J&L^j
United Nations Environnlent Programme Activities:."1
through the Intergovernlfflital Forum on hGhemi|al Safei' *
Nations EnvkonmerifPribfranime (UNEP) ,formed"-a
pilot project to provideTgfemg access tp chg
several countries in AfKc3 Tlie pil
representatives, involved||ttingup c'omputer ^^
providing guidance onliQioo aqcess_Q
ft
-------
9 PROVIDING THE PUBLIC WITH
PESTICIDE INFORMATION
www.epa.gov/pesticfdes
- " - -' -,-,. J ;s.;ซ-::a~rti.*. ,JT :ซ" >
'-.- - -".
,- *;,:ฃSBBSS!ffi^WซyปS!SS3tt-.'":i
"
-------
9 PROVIDING THE PUBLIC WITH PESTICIDE INFORMATION
JQPA knows that when people have ready access to accurate pesticide
information they can better understand pesticide risks and take actions to
reduce their exposure. All Americans have a right to know about the pesticides
in their environment, as well as those used to grow the food they eat.
Sending OPP Updates to Our Electronic Listserv (an electronic mailing
list): In late 1998, OPP established an electronic listserv for people who want
to stay abreast of pesticide issues and decisions. By the end of FY 2000, more
than 1,680 people added their names to the listserv. In FY 2000, OPP
distributed over 147 Pesticide Program Updates to the listserv to provide
information on OPP's actions and policies.
Disseminating Pesticide Information Publications: During the past year,
we developed and disseminated more than 17 publications, including 9 fact
sheets, 4 brochures, 2 reports, 1 poster, and 1 bookmarker for kids.
Fact Sheets
December 1999
March 2000
May 2000
May 2000
May 2000
May 2000
May 2000
Spray Drift of Pesticides
Proposed Public Participation Process for
Tolerance Reassessment and Reregistration
Pesticides and Mosquito Control
Larvicides for Mosquito Control
Synthetic Pyrethroids for Mosquito Control
Naled for Mosquito Control
Malathion for Mosquito Control
I Timeline of OPP Announcements and Related Pesticide Events
{I IIIJMMIIIMIIIIimmi IJMIIH
I
October 1999
EPA Publishes Science Policy Paper on Threshold of Regulation.
EPA Publishes Cancellation Order for Methyl Parathion Products.
EPA Seeks Public Comment on Preliminary Risk Assessment for
Chlorpyrifos.
Risk Management Public Participation Period Begins for Fenthion.
EPA Launches Website for Endocrine Disrupter Program.
Missouri Lab Cited for Selling Ineffective Hospital and Tuberculocidal
Products.
Complaint Against Dupont for not Alerting EPA of Possible Adverse
Effects of a Pesticide.
EPA-USDA Tolerance Reassessment Advisory Committee Meeting Oct.
20-21.
Stakeholder Meeting on Labeling of Rodent Control Products Seeks
Public Input on their ecological Risks.
Risk Management Public Participation Period Begins for Naled &
Temephos.
Public Docket Opens for Chlorpyrifos Methyl.
EPA Distributes Pesticides and Mosquito Control Fact Sheet.
EPA Awards Cooperative Agreement to Native Ecology Initiative to
organize Tribal Pesticide Program Council
I
November 1999
EPA Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Awards Announced.
Science Advisory Board/Scientific Advisory Panel Discuss Human
Testing.
EPA Extends Comment Period For Its Proposed Rule Concerning
Antimicrobial Procedures.
EPA Extends Propargite Tolerance Revocation Stay Until December 18
(1999).
EPA Publishes Fact Sheet on Keeping Water Clean from Pesticides.
Public Dockets Open for Dicrotophos and Trichlorfon.
EPA Publishes Science Policy Paper on Aggregate Exposure Assessments ]
for Public Comment.
EPA Science Policy Paper on Drinking Water Exposure Assessment.
EPA Issues Supplemental Notice on Pesticide Containers.
USDA Holds Meeting on Pesticide Grants.
Californians for Pesticide Reform and CA Public Interest Research Group I
Release Report on "Toxic on Tap."
Texas Firm Sentenced for FIFRA Violations.
Did YOU Know: In 1999 an estimated 79,000 children were involved in common
household pesticide related poisonings (up from 73,260 in 1998).
-------
PROVIDING THE PUBLIC WITH PESTICIDE INFORMATION
March 2000 -EPA Acting Assistant
Administrator for Pesticides, Susan H.
Wayland, Launches Read The Label
Campaign at Philadelphia Flower
Show
June 2000
November 2000
Publications
December 1999
November 1999
Brochures
February 2000
March 2000
March 2000
March 2000
Poster
March 2000
Bookmark
March 2000
Reregistration Eligibility Decisions
Projected for FY 2000-FY 2001
Supplemental Notice on Pesticide
Containers
Streamlining Registration of Antimicrobial
Pesticides
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage (1996
and 1997) Market Estimates
Read the Label First! Protect Your
Household
Read the Label First! Protect Your Kids
Read the Label First! Protect Your Garden
Read the Label First! Protect Your Pets
Roaches
Learn About Chemicals Around Your
House
Timeline of OPP Announcements and Related Pesticide Events
)ecember 1999
EPA Issues Stop Sale On Hospital Disinfectant Product
Medaphene Plus.
Allergenicity Assessment of Cry9C Bt Corn Plant-Pesticide
Made Available.
EPA Enhances Web Site containing Reregistration Documents.
EPA Responds to EWG Report on Section 18s.
Consumer Labeling Initiative Phase II Report Released.
EPA Announces "Class Determination" on Safety & Efficacy
under Section 6(a)(2).
EPA Releases Revised Risk Assessment for Dimethoate;
Requests Risk Management Comments.
EPA Extends Comment Period on Supplemental Notice on
Pesticide Containers by 60 Days.
EPA Holds Technical Briefing for Dimethoate.
EPA Releases Revised Risk Assessment for Oxydemeton
Methyl and Methidathion; Risk Management Comments
Requested.
EPA Publishes Notice of Proposed Use Deletions for
Azinphos Methyl.
Scientific Advisory Panel Discusses Plant Pesticides and
Cumulative Risk Assessment.
Risk Management Public Participation Period Begins for
Propetamphos.
Pesticide Spill Reported on Washington Beltway 1-95.
January 2000
EPA Suspended Registration of Certain Methoxychlor
Pesticide Products.
Bt Corn Insect Resistance Management Announced for 2000
Growing Season.
Allercare(tm) Products Recalled Due to Asthma and Respiratory
Problems.
EPA Releases Preliminary Risk Assessments/Opens Public Dockets
for Mevinphos and Phosalone.
EPA Proposes to End Special Review of Telone.
EPA Issues Data Call-In for Bt Corn Plant Pesticides.
EPA Releases Fact Sheet on Spray Drift of Pesticides.
EPA Extends Comment Period on Aggregate Risk Policy Document.
-------
9 PROVIDING THE PUBLIC WITH PESTICIDE INFORMATION
Responding to Written and Electronic Inquiries: OPP places great
importance on listening and responding in a timely fashion to comments and
inquiries from the public on various pesticide issues. In FY 2000, OPP
responded to more than 15,000 inquiries from the public and then-
representatives in Congress. These inquiries came in the form of e-mails,
postcards, letters, and phone calls.
Providing More Avenues to Pesticide Information: In FY 2000, we
redesigned the OPP home page, www.epa.gov/pesticides, to make it
easier to use, providing a list of current activities and offering one-click links
to information. In addition, the following new OPP web sites were
launched:
Learn about Chemicals Around Your House
Web site: www.epa.gov/oppintr/kids/hometour
Antimicrobial Pesticides: www.epa.gov/oppad001
Integrated Pest Management in Schools: www.epa.gov/
pesticides/ipm
Learn about Chemicals Around Your House: www.epa.gov/
opptintr/kids/hometour
Index of Environmental Chemistry Methods: www.epa.gov/
oppbeadl/methods
Freedom of Information Act: www.epa.gov/pesticides/foia
Information Networks: To answer questions the public may have about
pesticides, OPP provided a grant to Oregon State University in Corvallis,
Oregon, to operate two toll-free telephone services: the National Pesticide
jTimeline of OPP Announcements and Related Pesticide Events
liiiimimimiiiiiiiimimMMMiiimMmiinMMMMiMim
February 2000
EPA Requests Comments on Metolachlor's Inclusion in
the Ground Water Pesticide Management Plan Rule.
EPA and Household Product Industry Hold Press
Conference to Launch "Read the Label First" Campaign.
EPA Extends Comment Period on Supplemental Notice
on Pesticide Containers to March 20"1-
EPA Releases Revised Risk Assessments for Acephate
and Methamidiphos.
EPA Issues Advisory on Worker Fatality Risk from Skin
Exposure to 2,4-DCP.
President Clinton Sends Letter to the Congress on the
Rotterdam Convention re: Prior Informed Consent.
EPA Holds Technical Briefing for OP Pesticide Phosmet.
EPA Releases Treated Articles Policy for Antimicrobial
Pesticides.
EPA Announces Voluntary Cancellation of Sulfotepp.
EPA Releases Pesticide Programs Biennial Report.
EPA Holds Technical Briefings For Organophosphates
Acephate, Disulfoton, and Methamidophos.
SAP Reports on Ecological Requirements for Plant-Pesticides.
Woman Admits Testing Pesticides on Unknowing Subjects.
Hawaiian Illegally Ordered Worker to Use Pesticide.
March 2000
With EPA Support, New Birdcast Website is Launched (www.birdcast.org).
New Brochures Encouraging Pesticide Users to "Read the Label FirstV
Released.
EPA Releases Revised Risk Assessment for Pirimiphos Methyl.
EPA Issues Chemical Advisory and Notice of Potential Risk Regarding 2,4-
Dichlorphenol.
EPA Releases Draft Indoor Residential Insecticide Product Labeling
Guidance (PR Notice) for Public Comment.
EPA Solicits Comments on List of Pests of Significant Public Health
Importance.
EPA Releases Revised Risk Assessments for Phostebupirim and
Tetrachlorvinphos.
EPA Publishes Revised Policy on the Statistical Standard for Regulating
Short-Term Pesticide Exposure.
EPA Releases Revised Risk Assessment for Phosmet.
EPA Holds First Public Meeting of Newly-Established Inerts Disclosure
Stakeholder Workgroup; Public Docket Established.
EPA Releases Proposed Revised Public Participation Process for Pesticide
Reregistration Decisions.
Use of Chlorfenapyr (Pirate) on Cotton Not Granted Due to Adverse
Effects on Bird Reproduction.
Revised Risk Assessment for Disulfoton Released.
EPA's Office of Research and Development Releases Pesticides Research
Accomplishments Report.
EPA Releases Revised Risk Assessments for Ethyl Parathion and
Fenitrothion.
USDA Releases Pesticide Data Program Annual Summary for 1998
EPA Participates in Home and Garden Public Safety Campaign at the
Philadelphia Flower Show.
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PROVIDING THE PUBLIC WITH PESTICIDE
Telecommunications Network (NPTN) and the National Antimicrobial
Information Network (NAIN).
National Pesticide Telecommunications Network: 1-800-858-7378,
Web site: ace.orst.edu/info/nptn. NPTN provides objective, science-based
information on a wide variety of pesticide-related subjects to the public. In FY
2000, NPTN answered more than 23,900 requests from the public, including
9,400 health-related calls, 6,500 calls for information about pesticide use, and
2,000 calls regarding regulations. .The NPTN Web site received over 257,000
hits this year.
....- ,,u- This, year EPA,also. launched .a public outreach campaign to promote NPTN's
* ซ&&Wfe*H ^^^ c^iฃmlHi|ties across the country. The campaign
~-miฃ:sefvice announcements, publishing NPTN
1BlBBBB*iiSM5ป-''*=ปW=!!-*- " ."-
Cnewsjetters, and magazines, and transit
pestictdo
Timeline of OPP
I
EPA Begins First Parallel Review of New Corn Herbicide,
Formasulfuron, with Germany and European Commission.
Joint EPA, CDC, USGS, and USDA West Nile Virus Media Event
Held.
EPA Begins Campaign on "Make Every Day Earth Day" Around
Home.
EPA Publishes Notice Deleting Uses of Azinphos-Methyl from
Pesticide Label.
EPA Denies Greenpeace Petition on Bt Plant-Pesticide.
EPA Revises First Aid Instructions For Pesticide Labels.
EPA Launches New Household Chemical Web Site for Children
(www. epa.gov/oppt/kids/hometour).
EPA Issues 1998-1999 Report on Streamlining Registration of
Antimicrobial Pesticides.
EPA Releases Status Report on Pesticides under Special Review.
EPA Proposes to Revoke Meat, Milk, Poultry, and Egg
Tolerances for Which No Residues are Expected.
EPA and Canada Hold Pesticide Trade Barriers Summit Meeting.
EPA Registers New Biochemical Pesticide "Harpin" as an
Alternative to Ozone Depleting Methyl Bromide Use.
1999 Decision to Cancel Products and Delete Uses of
Methyl Parathion and Azinphos Methyl Take Effect
EPA Publishes Revised Science Policy Paper on Non-Detected &
Non-Quantified Pesticide Residues.
GAO Releases Report on "Pesticides: Improvements Needed to
Protect Farmworkers and Their Children from Pesticides."
NCAP Releases Report: "Unthinkable Risks: How Children Are
Exposed and Harmed When Pesticides Are Used at School."
EPA Announces Manufacturer's Recall of Two Pesticide
Products Sold In Faulty Pull 'N Spray Containers.
Guidance Issued by EPA on the Exemption of Minimum
Risk Pesticides Under FIFRA Section 25(B).
EPA-Sponsored National Pesticide Telecommunications
Network 1999 Annual Report Distributed.
EPA Holds and Attends Public Meetings in the U.S. and
Canada to Discuss NAFTA
Pesticide Technical Working Group Activities.
EPA Opens Public Docket for Diazinon Preliminary
Risk Assessment
EPA Issues Guidance (PR Notice) on Mandatory &
Advisory Labeling Statements on
Product Labels.
EPA Distributes Fact Sheets Dealing with Pesticides and
Mosquito Control.
EPA Seeks Public Comment on Preliminary Risk
Assessment for Malathion.
EPA Holds Workshop on National Assessment of the
Worker Protection Program.
EPA and USDA Seek Nominations for Newly Formed
Advisory Committee on Food Quality Protection Act
called CARAT.
EPA Proposes Draft Guidance on Voluntary Resistance
Management Labeling for Agricultural Pesticides.
-------
9 PROVIDING THE PUBLIC WITH PESTICIDE INFORMATION
National Antimicrobial Information Network: 1-800-447-6349
Web site: ace.orst.edu/info/nain. NAIN is a toll-free telephone and
Internet service that provides a wide variety of information about
antimicrobial pesticides. Operated through a cooperative effort between
Oregon State University and EPA, NAIN maintains information on
toxicology, health effects, and safety of antimicrobial pesticides. It also
maintains lists of antimicrobial products registered by EPA, including
sterilants, disinfectants, tuberculocides, and products effective against
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and HIV. NAIN provides information on EPA
regulation and registration of antimicrobial pesticides and helps callers
interpret product labels and permitted uses. The NAIN Web site, which
receives about 84,000 hits annually, contains regulatory and policy
documents to help keep the public up to date about antimicrobial activities.
NAIN answered over 1,731 inquiries during FY 2000. Approximately 33
percent were from the general public, 30 percent from the medical
community, 25 percent from the regulated community and industry, 6
percent from the government, and 6 percent from other parties.
f Timeline of OPP Announcements and Related Pesticide Events
us
Hill! Bill
May 2000 cont.
EPA Holds Technical Briefing for OP Pesticide
Chlorpyrifos.
EPA Seeks Public Comment on Registration Review
Process.
EPA Extends Comment Period on Revised Public
Participation Process for Pesticide Reregistration
Decisions.
EPA Invites Public to Hear Inerts Disclosure
Stakeholder Workgroup Teleconference.
EPA Releases Revised Risk Assessments for Coumaphos,
Trichlorfbn, and Chlorpyrifos Methyl; Comment Period
Opens for Risk Management
June 2000
Dow AgroSciences Wins Presidential Green Chemistry Award for
Termite Colony Elimination System Based on EPA Reduced-Risk
Pesticide Technology.
EPA Releases Revised Science Policy Guidance on Refining
Anticipated Residue Estimates for Use in Acute Dietary
Probabilistic Risk Assessment.
EPA Releases Cumulative Risk Assessment Guidance for Public Comment.
CARAT Meets for the First Time.
EPA Announces Final Azinphos-Methyl Risk Reduction Measures.
Pesticide Reregistration Performance Measures and Goals
Detailed in EPA Annual Federal Register Notice.
EPA Proposes New Disposal Instructions for Residential Pesticide
Product Labels.
Revised Risk Assessment for Dicrotophos Released by EPA.
EPA Makes Available on the Web an Index of Environmental
Chemistry Methods (www.epa.gov/oppbeadl/methods/).
EPA Acts to Eliminate Major Uses of the Pesticide Dursban
(Chlorpyrifos).
FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Reviews Guidelines for
Mammalian Toxicity Assessments for Protein Plant-Pesticides.
SAB and SAP Release Draft Report on Human Testing for Public
Comment.
EPA Releases Revised Risk Assessment for Atrazine; SAP to
Review Potential Risks.
EPA Proposes to Revoke Methyl Parathion Tolerances.
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PROVIDING THE PUBLIC WITH PESTICIDE INFORMATION
Communicating OPP Policies and Regulations: A significant tool
available to the Office of Pesticide Programs in the regulation of
pesticides is the issuance of rules and regulations, which are published in
the Federal Register. Because of FIFRA's focus on individual pesticide
review and licensing, OPP places less reliance on rulemakings than many
other EPA offices. PR Notices are a simple and efficient means of
communicating our interpretations, not only to the specific applicants or
licensees of pesticide products which are immediately before us, but also
to others who in future licensing actions will encounter these
interpretations. This greater openness and announcement of our
approaches in individual licensing contexts also enhances public
awareness of how we interpret our regulations in an effort to protect
human health and the environment, assuring enhanced public
participation and greater governmental accountability. OPP still relies on
regulations to help establish the framework for its regulatory program.
Timeline of OPP Announcements and Related Pesticide Events
Immmmmmmiii 11 nil
I July 2000
EPA Releases Revised Risk Assessment for Phosalone.
EPA Publishes Supplemental Notice on Tolerance Fee Rule
Proposal.
EPA Holds Teleconference for Public to Hear Discussion of
Inert Ingredient Disclosure Stakeholder Workgroup.
EPA Holds Technical Briefing to Discuss Draft Guidance for
Cumulative Risk Assessment issued in June.
EPA Publishes Guide to Risk Assessment Information
Sources.
EPA Releases Risk Assessments for Non-Organophosphates:
Oxamyl, Terrazole, and Triallate.
EPA Releases Revised Risk Assessment for Mevinphos.
First Three OP Pesticides Complete EPA Public
Participation Process.
National Academy of Sciences Releases Report, "Predicting
the Future of Pesticides in U.S. Agriculture."
August 2000
EPA and CDC Sign MOU to Coordinate Programs
to Control Pests of Public Health Concern.
EPA and Canada Release Guidance on Pesticide Treated Seed
Policies and Requirements.
EPA and USDA Release CD-ROM Containing New
Food Commodity Intake Data-base.
EPA Releases Propargite Risk Assessment.
EPA SAP Meets to Review Proposed Cancer Classification of
Malathion.
September 2000
EPA Holds Second Tribal Pesticide Program Council Meeting
EPA Announces Chlorpyrifos Registrant Voluntary Cancellations
EPA Releases Revised Guidance on Use of Cholinesterase
Inhibition Data in Risk Assessments.
EPA Holds Public Meeting to Discuss Mechanisms for Chemical-Specific
Quantity Limits.
EPA Announces Industry-Wide Task Force to Jointly Develop
Indoor Residential Exposure Data for Synthetic Pyrethroids,
Pyrethrum and Synergists.
EPA Reopens Comment Period on July Tolerance Fee Proposed Rule.
GAO Releases Report, "West Nile Virus Outbreak: Lessons for
Public Health Preparedness."
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PROVIDING THE PUBLIC WITH PESTICIDE INFORMATION
I
\<
i
i
U)
In FY 2000, OPP published 1 advance notice of proposed rulemaking on
Registration Review (4/28/00). There was progress on developing a number
of rules, including the Section 18 Tolerance Rule and the Tolerance Fee Rule.
OPP issued 16 PR Notices (7 of which are drafts). Among the more
prominent PR Notices OPP issued in FY 2000 were those on Worker Risk
Mitigation for Organophosphate Pesticides (final) and a listing of pests of
public health significance (draft). A listing of PR Notices published in the FR
or issued follows:
FINAL PESTICIDE REGISTRATION (PR) NOTICES
(www.epa.gov/PR_Notices/)
PR Notice 2000-1
PR Notice 2000-2
PR Notice 2000-3
PR Notice 2000-4
PR Notice 2000-5
PR Notice 2000-6
PR Notice 2000-7
PR Notice 2000-8
PR Notice 2000-9
Applicability of the Treated Articles Exemption to
Antimicrobial Pesticides (3/6/00)
EPA Forms FIFRA Endangered Species Task Force
(4/17/00)
First Aid Statements on Pesticide Product Labels
(4/11/00)
Instructions for Transmitting Information to the
Office of Pesticide Programs (4/25/00)
Guidance for Mandatory and Advisory Labeling
Statements (5/10/00)
Minimum Risk Pesticides Exempted under FIFRA
Section 25(b); Clarification of Issues (5/7/00)
Non-Dietary Exposure Task Force (8/4/00)
Reportability of Attorneys' Opinions and Conclusions
Under 40 CFR Part 159 and FIFRA Section 6(a)(2)
(9/15/00)
Worker Risk Mitigation for Organophosphate
Pesticides and Response to Public Comments on the
Draft Pesticide Registration Notice on Worker Risk
Mitigation for Organophosphate Pesticides (9/29/00)
DRAFT PR NOTICES ISSUED
Guidance for Pesticide Registrants on Disposal Instructions on
Residential/Household Use Pesticide Product Labels (6/14/00)
Indoor Residential Insecticide Product Label Statements (3/29/00)
List of Pests of Public Health Significance (3/29/00)
Insect repellents-protocols and labeling requirements (12/15/99)
Insect repellents-children's claims
Resistance Management Categories (NAFTA) 5/10/00)
Disposal (6/00)
44
Protecting public
health, especially the
health of children,
works best when
citizens have good
information on
pesticides to use in
their communities
and homes.
This helps consumers
to make informed
choices in purchasing
pesticide products
and using them safely.
Stephen Johnson,
OPPTS Deputy
Assistant Administrator
-------
10 APPENDICES
A-1 FY 2000 NEW ACTIVE INGREDIENT REGISTRATIONS
A-2 FY 2000 NEW USES FOR NEW ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AND PREVIOUSLY
REGISTERED ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
A-3 OP ALTERNATIVES REGISTERED SINCE PASSAGE OF THE FQPA
A-4 TYPES OF PESTICIDES REGISTERED SINCE 1984
B-1 SUMMARIES OF FY 2000 REREGISTRATION AND TOLERANCE REASSESSMENT
DECISIONS
B-2 STATUS OF OPs IN THE PILOT PROCESS
B-3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE PESTICIDE REREGISTRATION RISK ASSESSMENT
AND RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
C OPP STRUCTUREDIVISIONS
D GLOSSARY
e.
-------
APPENDICES
Appendix A-l. FY 2000 New Active Ingredients Registered
Antimicrobials
Conventional Pesticide
Amine Oxide, 11/5/99
Silver Sodium Hydrogen Zirconium Phosphate (5/22/00)
Fungicides
Biopesticide
Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 (1/20/00)*
Harpin Proteins (4/19/00)
Trichoderma harzianum strain T-39 (5/25/00)
Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713 (6/20/00)
Reynoutria sachalinensis bioprotectant (9/29/00)
Conventional Pesticide
Acibenzolar-s-methyl (8/18/00)
Conventional Reduced-Risk Pesticide
Prohexadione Calcium (5/4/00)*
*Pesticide also registered for use as a Plant-Growth Regulator
Herbicides
Conventional Pesticide
Diclosulam (3/8/00)
Clodinafop-propargyl (6/22/00)
Conventional Reduced-Risk Pesticide/OP Alternative
Flucarbazone Sodium (9/29/00)
-------
APPENDICES
..- - ,., -
Insecticides
Biopesticide
(z,z)-l 1,13-Hexadecadienal (naval orangewormpheromone) (1/24/00)
Cydiapomonella granulosis virus (7/18/00)
Conventional Pesticide
Phosphine Gas (12/29/99)
Indoxacarb (9/29/00
Conventional Reduced-Risk Pesticide/ OP Alternative
Methoxyfenozide (7/5/00)
Buprofezin (8/31/00)
Fenpyroximate (9/29/00)
Pheromones
Biopesticide
Verbenone (12/3/99)
Plant-Growth Regulators
Biopesticide
Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24,1/20/00
Conventional/Reduced-Risk Pesticide
PT807 (Ecolyst) (1/12/00)
Prohexadione Calcium r5/4/00)
Repellents
Biopesticide
p-Menthane-3,8-diol (3/31/00)
?
I
c/i I
I
a
K>
O
O
O
-------
Appendix A-2. FY 2000 New Uses for New Active Ingredients and
Previously Registered Active Ingredients
In FY 2000, OPP registered the following 427 New Uses
(Food and Non-Food):
406 NEW FOOD USES:
Antimicrobial (1)
--Biopesticide (109)
Conventional (87)
-Conventional Reduced-Risk (209)
21 TOTAL NUMBER NEW NON FOOD USES:
Antimicrobial (7)
Biopesticide (11)
Conventional (1)
Conventional Reduced-Risk (2)
452 TOLERANCES ESTABLISHED FOR NEW USES
92 MAJOR CROPS ASSOCIATED WITH NEW USES
901 MINOR CROPS ASSOCIATED WITH NEW USES
-------
APPENDICES
Appendix A-3. OP Alternatives Registered Since Passage ofFQPA
An FY 2000, OPP registered the following Organonphosphates
Alternatives:
Chemical
Bifenazate
Buprofezin
Diflubenzuron
Fenpyroximate
Fipronil
Hexaflumuron
Indoxacarb
Methoxyfenozide
Pymetrozine
Pyriproxyfen
Spinosad
Use
Ornamentals
Head Lettuce and cucurbits
Below ground termite control (bait station)
Ornamentals
Termite Control
Above ground termite control (bait station)
Apple, Cotton, Fruiting Vegetables, Head and
Stem Brassica, Lettuce, Pear, Sweet Corn
Cotton, Pome Fruit
Ornamentals, Tobacco, and Tuberous and
Corn Vegetables, Cucurbits, Fruiting Vegetables
Citrus, Cotton, Fruiting Vegetables, Pome Fruit, Tree Nuts, Walnuts
Almonds, Apples, Barley, Beans, Buckwheat, Cilantro, Citrus, Cole
Crops, Cotton, Cucurbits, Field Corn, Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy
Vegetables, Legumes, Millet, Oats, Peas, Pistachio, Popcorn, Rye,
Sorghum, Soybeans, Stone Fruit, Sweet Corn, Tropical Fruit,
Tuberous, and Corn Vegetables, Turnip Greens, Watercress, Wheat
Tebufenozide Berries, Brassica, Canola, Cotton, Cranberries,
Fruiting Vegetables, Leafy Brassica, Leafy Greens, Leaf Petioles,
Pecan, Peppermint, Pome Fruit, Spearmint, Sugarcane, Tree Nuts,
Turnips
s
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APPENDICES
Appendix A-4. Types of Pesticides Registered Since 1984
NUMBER OF PESTICIDE REGISTRATIONS BY CATEGORY
i i i ii i i i T riii i
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Reduced-Risk Conventional Chemicals
Conventional Chemicals
Biologicals
-------
APPENDICES
Appendix B-L Summaries ofFY 2000 Reregistration and Tolerance
Reassessment Decisions
BENSULIDE IRED
Uses: OP herbicide, used on carrots, fruiting vegetables,
leafy vegetables (mostly head lettuce), dry bulb vegetables
(onions), cucurbits (mostly melons), and cole crops
(cauliflower, cabbage, broccolini and broccoflower). May
be used outdoors by homeowners on lawns and
ornamentals, by professional lawn care operators, and
commercially on turf (primarily golf course greens and
tees), ornamentals, and for greenhouse and outdoor uses in
nurseries.
Risks/Areas of Concern:
Homeowners who apply bensulide, and children entering
treated turf areas if label directions are not followed
properly.
Workers who mix, load, and/or apply bensulide to
agricultural sites, golf courses, and home lawns.
Chronic risk for birds, mammals, and some aquatic
species.
Mitigation:
For mixers and/or loaders require use of respirators; for
commercial applicators, require additional personal
protective equipment or use of closed systems.
Chemigation allowed only in California and Arizona
where acreage treated is low.
Prohibit all handheld application methods for turf except
for spot treatment.
Prohibit treatment of large turf areas like parks and
recreation areas, except golf courses.
Require respirators and gloves for all remaining mixer/
loader turf uses.
Add label language directing homeowners to water in
the herbicide immediately after application, for safety
reasons.
Restrict golf course fairway use to a single^grass type
(bentgrass) in certain states.
Restrict the number of fairway applications on golf
courses to one.
Limit the fairway application to the fall (minimizing
exposure to birds during breeding season).
CADUSAFOS TRED
Uses: OP insecticide/nematicide used to control pests
that attack banana plants in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras,
Costa Rica, and Ecuador. There are no domestic uses and
a single import tolerance for residues on bananas.
Risk/Areas of Concern: None
Mitigation: None
CHLORETHOXYFOS TRED
Uses: OP insecticide used on field, seed, sweet, and pop
corn
Risk/Area of Concern: Possible worker risks
Mitigation: Minor label changes to increase worker
protection, including reducing personal protective clothing
requirements in some circumstances, adding emergency
personal protective equipment requirements, and adding a
double notification statement.
COUMAPHOS TRED/ ADDENDUM TO 1996 RED
Current Uses: OP insecticide/acaricide used on livestock
(beef and dairy cattle, horses, sheep, goats, swine) and
swine bedding
Risk/Area of Concern: Occupational risk to dust
applicators who use mechanical dusters and shaker cans,
and to mixers/loaders of liquids for dip vat use.
Mitigation:
Dip vat use restricted to USDA-APHIS staff enrolled in
the USDA-APHIS cholinesterase monitoring program
Mechanical duster use prohibited
Dust/mist respirator and chemical-resistant apron
required on all dust product labels
Use of dust by shaker can limited to 25 head per day per
applicator and 1,000 sq. ft. of swine bedding per day per
applicator
Formulation of coumaphos products restricted for use on
beef cattle, dairy cattle, horses, swine and swine bedding
Disposal of treated coumaphos dip vat solution restricted
to shallow, concrete-lined evaporation ponds
Current use restriction on liquid formulations, limiting the
use of hand-held sprayers to 100 head per day per
applicator at the maximum application rate, needs to be
maintained and moved to a more prominent place on the
labels.
DICLOFOP-METHYL RED
Uses: Herbicide used on wheat, barley, golf courses (turf)
Risk/Area of Concern: Cancer risks to mixers, loaders,
and applicators
Risk Mitigation:
Engineering controls:
-------
APPENDICES
closed mixing/loading systems
enclosed equipment for applicators
ETHYL PARATHION RED
Uses: OP insecticide/miticide used on alfalfa, barley, corn,
cotton, canola, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, and wheat
crops.
Risks/Areas of Concern:
Worker and ecological (terrestrial and aquatic animals)
risks
Potential drinking water risk based on modeling
(unrefined)
Mitigation: Immediate cancellation; Sale of existing
stocks until 12/31/00; Use until 10/03
FENITROTHION TRED
Uses: OP insecticide used in containerized ant and roach
baits domestically and in Australia on stored wheat (U.S.
g tolerance for wheat gluten)
2 Risk/Area of Concern: No risks of concern from import
g. tolerances or limited dosmetic use.
ฃ? Mitigation: No mitigation
< FENTHION IRED
a Uses: OP insecticide used on cattle and swine, mosquito
g (adulticide) for Florida only; 24C ornamental fish ponds -
t> Florida, Arkansas, and Missouri
,1 Risks/Areas of Concern:
Jj Dietary risk is high (both acute and chronic)
*2 Residential risk from mosquitocide use is acceptable at
& typical (but not high) rates
Worker risk is of concern
Ecological risk is high for birds
Mitigation:
Canceled cattle and swine use
Remaining mitigation will be finalized after a stakeholder
meeting is held in Florida
Possible mitigation measures include identification of
sensitive bird habitats where spraying is restricted
Allow the highest use rate only for public health uses
Require buffer zones to protect aquatic organisms
Closed systems for mixer/loader
MEVINPHOS TRED
Current Uses: OP insecticide/acaricide
Not registered for use hi the United States.
* There are import tolerances for broccoli, cabbage,
cauliflower, celery, cucumbers, grapes, lettuce, melons,
peas, peppers, spinach, summer squash, strawberries,
tomatoes, and watermelon.
Risk/Area of Concern: All U.S. uses of OP mevinphos|
were voluntarily canceled in 1994 following concerns
raised by the Agency regarding worker risk issues.
Mitigation: No mitigation is nessary at this time.
OXAMYL IRED
Uses: Carbamate Insecticide: Terrestrial food and feed
crop uses.
Food uses include apple, banana, cantaloupe, carrot, celer
citrus, cotton, cucumber, dry onions, eggplant, garlic, gingeij
honeydew, mint, peanut, pears, pepper, pineapples, plantaii
pumpkin, soybean, squash, summer squash, sweet potato,
tomato, white potato, watermelon, winter squash,
watermelon, and yam. May also be used on tobacco.
Risks/Areas of Concern:
Aggregate acute risk from food and water for children
6 years old.
Mixer/loader and applicator risk for all uses at current
rate for agricultural sites.
Risk to workers reentering fields for citrus tree crops.
Acute and chronic risks to birds and small mammals and
acute risks to aquatic freshwater fish and invertebrates!
Risk to honeybees (based on incident data).
Risk Mitigation:
Reduce use rates and number of applications for most
uses.
Cancel seed piece dip for yams.
Cancel soybean use.
Require incorporation of soil applications by water or
mechanical means.
Require use of chemical resistant aprons.
Increase restricted entry interval (REI) from 48 hours tc
4 days for citrus tree crops during hand harvesting.
PHORATE IRED
Uses: OP insecticide:
Food uses: potatoes, corn (fresh, sweet, field), peanuts]
cotton, sugarcane, wheat (spring/winter), soybeans,
beans, sorghum, and sugar beets.
Nonfood uses: lilies, daffodils, and radishes grown for
seed.
Risk/Area of Concern:
Acute/chronic aggregate (food and drinking water) risk
to all populations
Occupational risks to mixers/loaders/applicators
Acute risk to birds
Mitigation:
Cancellation of use on peanuts at pegging.
-------
APPENDICES
Restriction of use as a sidedress application to cotton to
CA and AZ only.
Limitation to one application per season.
Requirement for soil incorporation. ,
Reduction of use rates following submission and review
of efficacy information.
Vegetative buffer strips/setbacks.
Restriction on application and cleaning of equipment
within 50 feet of drinking water wells.
Phase-in of the use of closed loading systems by 2002
phase-out open bag use.
Requirement for enclosed cabs or equivalent.
Provision of agricultural practices information to identify
possible post-application exposures.
Cancellation of use on wheat.
Prohibition of aerial application.
PHOSTEBUPIRIM TRED
Current Use: OP corn insecticide
Risk/Area of Concern: There are risks to workers from
dermal and inhalation exposure to phostebupirim.
Mitigation:
Dust/must respirator required for loaders of the 2.1%
granular clay-based formulation (no such requirement for
the cellulose-based formulation).
A Restricted Entry Interval (RET) of 48 hours, or 72
hours where there is less than 25 inches of rainfall per
year, in cases where re-entry activities may disturb the
soil surface.
Require double notification so that workers are advised
about application both orally and by posting warning signs
at entrances to treated areas during the REI.
PROFENOFOS IRED
Uses: OP cotton insecticide
Risks/Areas of Concern:
Mixers/loaders and applicators for aerial applications.
Workers reentering fields.
Acute risk to fish.
Risk Mitigation:
Require closed mixing/loading systems and enclosed
tractor cabs and cockpits.
Reduce maximum application rate, except for control of
lepidopteran pests.
Limit number of applications at 1.0 Ib ai/A for
lepidopteran to twice per year.
Reduce the seasonal maximum rate from 6 to 5 pounds
active ingredient per acre per season.
Inform certified crop advisors of need to provide proper
level of protective clothing and equipment for workers
reentering treated fields.
Require a 300 foot buffer zone around water bodies
for aerial applications.
Require a 100 foot buffer zone around water bodies
for ground applications.
PROPETAMPHOS IRED
Uses: OP insecticide used for indoor pest control only to
primarily control fleas, cockroaches, ants, spiders, and
termites. Sites include homes, schools, hospitals, offices,
and food service establishments.
Risks/Areas of Concern:
Risks to mixer/loader/applicators
Dietary (food) risk when food is not covered
Risks to children for all residential uses
Risks from broadcast, spot, and termiticide treatments
Mitigation:
Cancel all residential use.
Prohibit use in structures which children and the
elderly occupy, such as schools, day-cares, hospitals,
and nursing homes, except for areas of food handling.
Cancel all broadcast, spot, and termiticide treatments.
Restrict use to crack and crevice applications only.
For use in food service establishments, all food must be
removed or covered prior to application.
Reduce the maximum rate of dilution to 0.5% solution.
Mixer/loader/applicators to wear single layer clothing
and gloves.
Only protected handlers may be in the area during
applications.
Limit sale and distribution of active ingredient to 25,000
pounds.
TEMEPHOS RED
Uses: OP insecticide used only as a mosquito larvicide
Risk/Area of Concern: Risk to workers (handlers); risk
to non-target species
Mitigation: Choice of additional PPE or closed systems
for workers; remove use of some hand equipment; label
language restricting use of high rates, limiting use sites
and establishing intervals between applications to reduce
risk to non-target organisms
ETRIDIAZOLE (TERRAZOLEฎ) RED
Uses: Fungicide used on golf courses, cotton (in-furrow),
ornamentals, seed treatment (barley, beans, corn, cotton,
peanuts, peas, sorghum, soybeans, safflower, wheat),
tobacco
Risk/Area of Concern:
Drinking water cancer risks
-------
APPENDICES
Occupational handlers for golf courses, ornamentals,
seed treatment
Greenhouse workers (post-application)
Mitigation:
Use of OV respirator (except when applying in-furrow
to cotton)
Golf course use: Fairway use removed from labels
while registrant provides water data and repeats
mouse cancer study
Reduced rates, frequency and max. amount applied per
season
Remove high-risk application methods (e.g. push
spreader, belly grinder, power dust blower, and hand
dispersal)
Dropped granular and dry flowable formulations
Greenhouse use: Use of ventilation during indoor use
Reduced application rates
Seed treatment use: Closed systems
s
! TRIALLATE RED
! Uses: Pre-emergence herbicide regionally registered in CO,
: ID, KS, MN, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, and WY
I for use on barley, lentils, peas (dried and succulent), triticale,
; wheat, and canary grass (seed only). A tolerance has
j recently been established for triallate use on sugar beets.
? Risks/Areas of Concern: Handlers occupational cancer
| risks to handlers.
: Mitigation:
| Dust mist filtering respirator for loaders of granular
! products.
I Enclosed cockpits for aerial applicators and enclosed
trucks for flaggers.
TRIBUFOS IRED
Use: OP cotton defoliant
Risk/Area of Concern:
Risks to workers supporting aerial application
Risk to workers reentering a treated field
Risk Mitigation:
Reduced the maximum application rate
Increase the restricted entry interval
Closed loading systems for mixers and loaders supporting
aerial applications
Enclosed cockpits for aerial applicators
VINCLOZOLIN RED
Current Uses: Fungicide used on:
raspberries, snap beans, dry bulb onions, chicory grown for
Belgian endive, canola, lettuce, kiwi, ornamentals, turf
Import tolerances for cucumbers, peppers and wine
Risks/Areas of Concern:
Carcinogenic risk from vinclozolin and its metabolite
in drinking water, iprodione-derived 3,5-DCA
Risk to children playing on treated sod/turf
Risk to airblast applicators
Postapplication risk concerns on lettuce, kiwi,
ornamentals and turf
Mitigation:
Phase out of all domestic food uses of vinclozolin
except canola.
Cancellation of the use on ornamental plants.
Turf use restricted to golf courses and industrial
sites.
Revocation of import tolerances for cucumbers and
peppers.
Enclosed cabs for airblast applicators.
Increased restricted entry intervals for lettuce, kiwi,
and turf.
Ground water and surface water advisory language
required on vinclozolin labels.
Drinking water monitoring program for vinclozolin
andiprodione.
-------
APPENDICES
Appendix B-2. Status of Organophosphates in the Pilot Process
December 2000
(For updates, see www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/status.htm )
Phase 1
Registrant 30-day review
All OPs have completed Phase 1
Phase 2 - EPA responds to
registrant's comments re: errors
in preliminary risk assessments
All OPs have completed Phase 2
Phase 3 - EPA releases
preliminary risk assessments for
public comment
All OPs have completed Phase 3
Phase 4 - EPA responds to
public comment, develops
revised risk assessments, holds
public Technical Briefing
Dichlorvos(DDVP)
Phase 5 - EPA releases
revised risk assessments; 60-
day public participation period
begins for risk management
Malathion
Diazinon
Phase 6
EPA develops risk management
proposal
Acephate
Azinphos methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos methyl
Dicrotophos
Dimethoate
Disulfoton
Ethion
Ethoprop
Fenamiphos
Methamidiphos
Methidathbn
Methyl Parathbn
Naled
Oxydemeton methyl
Phosalone
Phosmet
Pirimiphos methyl
Tetrachlorvinphos
Terbufos
Trichlorfon
IRED
EPA completes an Interim
Rereg istration Eligibility
Decision, or
TRED
EPA completes tolerance
reassessment risk management
decision, or
RED
EPA completes a Reregisfration
Eligibility Decision for the OP.
Bensulide
Fenthion
Cadusafos
Chlorethoxyfos
Temephos
Phorate
Profenofos
Coumaphos
Fenitrolhion
Propetamphos
Tribufos
S* Mevinphos
Phostebupirim
Cancellations
Chlorfenvinphos
Chlorthfophos
Dialifor
Dioxathion
/Ethyl Parathion
/Fonofos
Isazophos
/"isofenphos
Monocrotophos
/Phosphamidon
/Sulfotepp
/Sulprofos
Also RED
RED Addendum
* Also canceled
-------
APPENDICES
10,
Appendix B-3 EPA/USDA interim
Public Participation Process for Non-
organophosphate Pesticides Scheduled for
Tolerance Reassessment and Reregistration
Development Work in 2000 and 2001.
Stakeholder participation increased substantially this past
year as a result of the pilot process established for
organophosphate pesticide tolerance reassessment. The
organophosphates will continue to follow this pilot public
participation process. EPA and USDA are currently
implementing a revised "interim" public participation
process for all non-organophosphate pesticides scheduled
for tolerance reassessment and reregistration hi 2000 and
2001. This revised process was necessary hi order to meet
reregistration and tolerance reassessment commitments and
mandates. Meanwhile, a proposal by EPA and USDA was
issued in the Federal Register in Spring 2000 and a final
' public participation process will be finalized to be applied to
pesticide tolerance reassessment and reregistration after
2001.
. The interim process greatly improves transparency and
stakeholder access over past practices. It parallels the
current six-phase organophosphate pilot public participation
process in principle, and extends the pilot's significant
benefits because it adheres to two goals: (1) transparency
by releasing risk assessment and risk management
documents to the public docket and EPA's Internet website,
and (2) increased stakeholder consultations by offering
significant opportunities for stakeholder input, especially
through meetings and conference calls. The interim
process will allow EPA to meet its reregistration and
tolerance reassessment commitments in 2000 and 2001.
The Interim Process:
Phase 1 Registrant error correction (30 days)
(Exactly the same as the current OP Pilot Public
Participation Process)
EPA sends the risk assessments and related documents
to the registrant for a 30-day period for the identification
of errors and Confidential Business Information (CBI).
EPA sends the risk assessments and related documents
to USDA (and other federal government agencies as
appropriate).
USDA may elect to communicate with stakeholders, but
will not release any part of the risk assessment
documents for this purpose (they have not been
cleared for CBI at this point).
Phase 2 EPA addresses registrant's error
comments (up to 30 days) (Very similar to the current
OP Pilot Public Participation Process)
EPA revises the risk assessments based on the
errors identified by the registrant (if warranted).
EPA develops the related risk assessment support
documents (e.g. an Overview summarizing the
assessments, EPA's formal response to the
registrant's comments, etc.)
EPA sends the completed Overview to USDA for
use in stakeholder communications.
USDA may elect to hold conference calls with
stakeholders (using the Overview), and EPA will
attend these calls as appropriate.
Phase 3 Public Participation
(Consolidates the public participation events of the
current OP Pilot Public Participation Process in order
to meet reregistration goals in 2000 and 2001.)
EPA releases the risk assessments and related
documents to public docket via a Federal Register
Notice of Availability and posts the documents on
EPA's Web site. While there is no formal public
comment period, the Agency will accept comments.
Comments submitted within the first 30 days are
most likely to be considered before issuance of the
RED. All comments will also be considered s part
of the comment process on the RED (see below).
EPA sends the risk assessment documents to
USDA as a courtesy.
USDA may elect to hold conference calls during
Phase 3, and EPA will attend, as appropriate.
EPA may hold a public meeting to describe the risk
assessments (Technical Briefing and/or stakeholder
meeting).
EPA develops the risk management document
Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED).
EPA will hold a closure conference call with
interested stakeholders to describe the findings of
the RED.
Phase 4 EPA issues risk management
EPA releases the RED to the public docket for a
60-day public comment period via a Federal
Register Notice of Availability and posts the RED
on EPA's Web site.
-------
APPENDICES
Appendix C: OPP Divisions
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
703-305-7090
RESPONSIBLE FOR OVERALL
MANAGEMENT OF THE OFFICE OF
PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
Antimicrobials Division
703-308-6411
Responsible for all regulatory activities associated
with antimicrobial pesticides, including product
registrations, amendments, and reregistrations.
Biological and Economic Analysis Division
703-308-8200
Responsible for assessing pesticide use and benefits;
and operating analytical chemistry and antimicrobial
testing laboratories.
Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention
Division
703-308-8712
Responsible for risk/benefit assessment and risk
management functions for microbial pesticides;
biochemical pesticides; plant-pesticides and tolerance
reassessment for biopesticides and Pesticide
Environmental Stewardship Program.
Environmental Fate and Effects Division
703-305-7695
Responsible for evaluating and validating data
submitted on pesticide properties environmental fate
and effects on non-target organisms, as well as
characterizing risks to such non-target organisms.
Health Effects Divison
703-305-7351
Responsible for reviewing and validating data on properties and
effects of pesticides, as well as characterizing and assessing
exposure and risks to humans and domestic animals.
Information Resources and Services Division
703-305-5440
Responsible for information support; FOIA and Public Docketa
Management; records computer support; FEFRA section ^
6(a)(2) issues; pesticide incident monitoring; and National |j
Pesticide Telecommunications Network. |
w
Registration Division g
703-305-5447 *
Responsible for product registrations, amendments, tolerances^
experimental use permits, and emergency exemptions for all *
pesticides not assigned to BPPD or AD. ง
Special Review and Reregistration Division
703-308-8000
Responsible for Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDS),
product reregistration, tolerance reassessment; and Special
Reviews. Managing individual and cumulative reviews of the
organophosphate (OP) pesticides.
Field and External Affairs Division
703-305-7102
Responsible for program policies and regulations;
legislation and Congressional interaction; regional,
State and tribal coordination and assistance;
international and field programs; and communication
outreach activities.
-------
APPENDICES
Appendix D: Glossary
Active Ingredient: In any pesticide product, the
component which kills, or otherwise controls, target pests.
Pesticides are regulated primarily on the basis of their
active ingredients.
Acute Toxicity: The capacity of a substance to cause a
poisonous effect (such as skin or eye irritation or damage to
an organ) or death as a result of a single or short-term
exposure.
Aggregate Risk Assessment: Assessing the risk of
exposure to a pesticide from all possible sources: for
example, examining the risks to a person who may be
exposed to the same chemical in a swimming pool and by
drinking water from the tap.
Antimicrobial Pesticide: Antimicrobial pesticides, such
as disinfectants & sanitizers, are pesticides that are
intended to disinfect, sanitize, reduce, or mitigate growth or
development of microbiological organisms; or protect
. inanimate objects (for example floors and walls), industrial
processes or systems, surfaces, water, or other chemical
substances from contamination, fouling, or deterioration
caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae, or slime.
Biopesticides: Biopesticides (also known as biological
pesticides) are certain types of pesticides derived from
- such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and
certain minerals. For example, canola oil and baking soda
have pesticidal applications and are considered
biopesticides.
j Cancellation: The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) section 6(b) authorizes
cancellation of registration if, when used according to
widespread and commonly-recognized practice, the
pesticide generally causes unreasonable adverse effects on
the environment, or if its labeling or other material required
to be submitted does not comply with FIFRA provisions.
Cholinesterase: An enzyme that helps regulate nerve
impulses. Cholinesterase inhibition is associated with a
variety of acute symptoms such as nausea, vomiting,
blurred vision, stomach cramps, rapid heart rate, and can
lead to death in severe cases.
Chronic Toxicity: The capacity of a substance to cause
harmful health effects after long-term exposure.
Cumulative Risk Assessment: Assessing the risk of
exposure to all pesticides that have a common mode of
toxicity: for example, examining the combined effect of all
pesticides that act by disrupting the nervous system.
Ecotoxicity: The capacity of a substance to cause adverse
effects to the environment.
Endangered Species: Animals, birds, fish, plants, or other
living organisms threatened with extinction by manmade or
natural changes in their environment. Requirements for
declaring a species endangered are contained in the
Endangered Species Act.
Environmental Fate: The course a chemical takes
in the environment after it has been released or
applied (e.g., whether or not it binds to the soil, finds
its way into ground water, or breaks down in the
sunlight).
Experimental Use Permit: Pesticide manufacturers
are required to obtain experimental use permits for
testing new pesticides or new uses of pesticides
whenever they conduct experimental field studies to
support registration of the pesticide on ten acres or
more of land or one acre or more of water.
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA): FIFRA is the law which requires EPA
to register pesticides for use in the United States and
prescribes labeling and other regulatory requirements
to prevent unreasonable adverse effects on health or
the environment.
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
(FFDCA): FFDCA is the law which requires EPA
to establishe tolerances for pesticide residues in food.
Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA): Passed in
1996, this act amends FIFRA and FFDCA to establish
a more consistent, protective regulatory scheme,
grounded in sound science. It mandates a single,
health-based standard for all pesticides in all foods;
provides special protections for infants and children;
expedites approval of safer pesticides; creates
incentives for the development and maintenance of
effective crop protection tools for American farmers;
and requires periodic re-evaluation of pesticide
registrations and tolerances to ensure that the
scientific data supporting pesticide registrations will
remain up to date in the future.
Herbicide: A pesticide that is designed to kill weeds
and other unwanted plants.
Inert Ingredient: A component of a pesticide such
as a solvent or carrier that is not active against target
pests (now referred to as "Other Ingredients").
Interim Reregistration Eligibility Document:
Issued for pesticides that require both a reregistration
eligibility decision and a cumulative assessment.
IREDs do not become final until EPA completes a
cumulative risk assessment and risk management
decision encompassing all related pesticides.
Insecticide: A pesticide that is designed to kill insect
pests.
Microbial Pesticide: A microorganism that is used
to control a pest. Microorganisms are living organisms
-------
APPENDICES
so small that individually they usually can be seen
only through a microscope.
Minor Use: Using a pesticide on a crop with less
than 300,000 acres of total U.S. production is
classified as a minor use. Minor uses of pesticides
are also defined as uses for which pesticide
product sales are low enough to make it difficult for
a manufacturer (or "registrant") to justify the costs
of developing and maintaining EPA registrations.
For this reason, the Agency particularly
emphasized working with stakeholders.
Pest: An insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed,
or other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or
animal life or virus, bacteria, or microorganism
considered to be an annoyance and which may be
injurious to health or the environment.
Pesticide: Substance or mixture of substances
intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or
mitigating any pest. Also, any substance or mixture
of substances intended for use as a plant regulator,
defoliant, or desiccant.
Reentry Interval (REI): The period of time
immediately following the application of a pesticide
to an area during which unprotected workers
should not enter the area.
Registrant: Any manufacturer or formulator who
obtains registration for a pesticide active ingredient
or product.
Registration: Any pesticide used in the U.S. is
required to be be registered with the EPA. EPA
will register a pesticide only if a review of data
show that it meets the safety standards.
Registration Standards: Published documents
which include summary reviews of all the data
available on a pesticide active ingredient, data gaps
identified, and the Agency's existing regulatory
position on the pesticide
Reregistration: The reevaluation and relicensing
by EPA of existing pesticidal active ingredients
originally registered prior to current scientific and
regulatory standards.
Reregistration Eligibility Document (RED):
Issued for pesticides that require a cumulative
assessment but do not require a reregistration
eligibility decision (issued for pesticides first
registered after 1984, pesticides that previously had
REDs, and pesticide with import tolerances only).
Like IREDs, TREDs do not become final until EPA
completes a cumulative assessment and risk
management decision.
Residues: The pesticide remaining after natural or
technological processes have taken place.
Restricted Use: When a pesticide is registered, some or all
of its uses may be classified under FIFRA for restricted use if
the pesticide requires special handling because of its toxicity.
Restricted-use pesticides may be applied only by trained,
certified applicators or those under their direct supervision.
Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP): The SAP was created on
November 28, 1975, pursuant to Section 25(d) of the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as
amended by Public Law 94-140, Public law 95-936, Public law
96-539, and Public Law 104-170. The Panel is composed of
seven members who are selected on the basis of their
professional qualifications to assess the impact of pesticides
on health and the environment. Members are appointed by
the EPA Administrator from a list of 12 nominees submitted
by the National Institutes of Health and the National Academy
of Sciences. The SAP members, who represent the disciplines
of toxicology, pathology, environmental biology, and related
sciences, serve a four-year term with appointments made on a
staggered basis. An additional 50-60 ad hoc members of the
SAP with unique expertise also are available; six to twelve
usually participate at each meeting, providing input on
particular issues within their areas of expertise.
Suspension: EPA's act of prohibiting the use of a pesticide in
order to prevent an imminent hazard resulting from continued
use of the pesticide. An emergency suspension takes effect
immediately; under an ordinary suspension, a registrant can
request a hearing before the suspension goes into effect.
Tolerance: The maximum amount of pesticide residue
allowed by law to remain in or on a harvested crop.
Tolerance Reassessment Eligibility Decision (TRED):
Issued for pesticides that require a cumulative assessment but
do not require a reregistration eligibility decision (issued for
pesticides first registered post-'84, pesticides that previously
had REDs, and pesticides with import tolerances only). Like
IREDs, TREDs do not become final until EPA completes a
cumulative assessment and risk management decision.
Toxicity: Inherent capability of a substance to cause adverse
effects in human, animal, or plant life.
Unreasonable Risk: Under FIFRA, "unreasonable adverse
effects on the environment" means any unreasonable risk to
man or the environment, taking into account the economic,
social, and environmental costs and benefit of the use of any
pesticide.
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Photos Credits
Cover:
Tractor Applying Pesticides: USDA, ARS
Ducks on Water: Steve Delaney
Kids in Classroom: Department of Education Class-size
Reduction Program
Girl Drinking from Hose: Steve Delaney
Harlem, New York Red Rowhouse: NY Window Gallery
Family in Suburban Area: Image Bank
Inside:
Page 3, Girl Drinking from Hose: Steve Delaney
Page 4, Shipman Lake, Illinois Reservoir: Dave Jones
Page 5, Ducks on Water: Steve Delaney
Page 7, OPP/HED Records Reference Center: William
Wooge
Page 8, Einstein
Page 9, Front End Processing Room for Registration:
William Hodge
Page 11, Cucurbits: Bill Tarpenning: USDA
Page 12, Quail: Jeff Spendelow
Page 14, Pin Inoculator used to test Bt Isolates: USDA
Page 15, Monarch Butterfly: USDA
Page 16, Combines Grain Flow Sensor: USDA
Page 17, Woman in Vegetable Aisle: ARS, USDA
Page 19, Pineapples Growing in Hawaii: Sheryl Reilly
Page 20, Classroom: Department of Education Class-size
Reduction Program
Young Farmworkers' Academy (YFA) students paint mural in
downtown Washington, D.C., during the Hispanic Heritage
Month Celebration of 2000.
Page 21, Pears: ARS, USDA
Page 25, Consumer Products
Page 27, Signing MOU on Coordinating Pest Public Health Issues:
Linda Werrell Gerber
Page 27, Crows: Cornell University
Page 28, Pesticide Treated Sponge: Susan Laing
Page 28, Hospital Room
Page 29, OPP Staff with Tribal Partners: OPP
Page 30, Training Session with Agriculture Workers: AFOP/Americorp
Page 31, Corina Cruz, YFA Student: YFA
Page 31, YFA Students: YFA
Page 32, Jaguar cat: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Gary Stolz
Page 33, Tribal Pesticide Program Council Logo
Page 35, Hands Holding World Globe
Page 36, Harlem, New York Red Rowhouses
Page 36, An Alley Way in Baltimore City
Page 39, Laughing Gulls: USDA: DonSchuhdrt
Page 42, World Globe
Page 43, Man and Girl at Computer
Page 46, EPA Acting Assistant Administrator/Home and Garden Public
Safety Campaign
Page 48, EPA Pesticides Safety Truck Advertisement
Back Cover:
EPA Pesticides SafetyTruck Advertisement
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Service Presentatksn iyou^t io you by
Fleet Side Advertising
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