'. ruled" Stales
Er.Mrortrnsntai Protection
Aiencv '^ i
Office .of Pollution Prevention
and Toxics
Washington. DC 20460
EPA742-B-96-005
-. March 1996
c/EPA
Environmental Accounting
Resource Listing
Revised March 1996
Produced by the
EPA's
Environmental
" Accounting
Project:
Promoting
Improved
Management
Accounting and
Capital
Budgeting for
Environmental
Costs.
This resource listing presents selected information sources and includes
ordering information and cost (if applicable). Most of these sources are non-
EPA sources. A listing of all documents on this topic written by EPA"s .
Environmental Accounting Project can be obtained by-calling the Pollution
Prevention Information Clearinghouse at (202) 260-1023.
i ' ' ' ', "
The information in this resource list is obtained from industry and
sovernment sources believed to be. reliable. The Accounting Project created
this .resource listing'to provide information on non-EPA environmental
accounting resources to those active or interested in environmental accounting,
The analyses and summaries, nor the contents of the resources, necessarily
reflect EPA's views. ' '
If you know of additional materials that should be
included 'in future revisions of this resource guide, please send
a copy of the material and a short narrative including the title,
short description of the material, contact information, cost'if
any i and publication date to:
Holly Elwood
' US EPA
: Pollution Prevention Division (7409) ,
401 M Street,-5W
1 '. Washington, DC .20460
Fax:- (202) 260-0178 ' '
!. e-mail: elwood.holly@epamail.epa.gov
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic
Bibliographies 3
Curricula ...........: , .......;.... 3
Corporate Environmental Accounting 4
Background .' ..... :. 4
Guides 6
Studies/Analyses .' . . 7
Surveys 10
,',.. ,;*...
General Corporate Case Studies . . . 11,
Industry-Specific Resources 11
Specific Chemical-Use Resources 12
Management Approaches to Implementing Environmental Accounting 12
Activity-Based Costing 12
Total Quality Management .' 13
Total Cost Accounting . 13
Environmental Accounting for the Public Sector 14
New Activity ' Revised March 1996 Page -
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ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING RESOURCE LISTING
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Resource Description ' .
"1. Annotated Bibliography of.Accounting-Related Pollution Prevention
Sources ' \ . .
Jennifer Wulfstate. Ron Beech. and-Tricia Ferrell .(October, 1994). This
annotated bibliography is a guide to issues and li'terature in the field of .' .' .
corporate environmental accounting. It is divided .into the following sections:
Other bibliographies. Management (financial, managerial, national income,
and general accounting). Auditing, and General. This document builds on
and complements a similar annotated bibliography published in ,1992 by the
United Nations. Information on obtaining many of the materials described
appears in the bibliography's resource list;. .''" ;
*2. An Update on Current Research and Recent Publications in Social and
Environmental Accounting
The Centre for Social and Environmental Accounting Research (January
1996). CSEAR is a network of individuals and organizations. This
bibliography-'primarily' lists resea'rch projects, recent' publications, and
discussion papers of Dundee-based researchers. CSEAR also maintains a
separate list .of publications of articles arid papers written by K.J. Bebington,
and R.H. Gray.- Mpre information on CSEAR publications and activities is
available on the CSEAR Home Page at . ' ', .
http:,.-www.dundee.ac.utoaccouhtancy/csear.htm.'
3. Environmental Accounting: Current Issues, Abstracts and Bibliographies
11992). This United Nations publication is a guide to literature in the'field of
corporate environmental accounting. It focuses .on financial repotting and
.national accounting. (E.92.II.A.23, S15 plus S3.50 shipping and handling).
4. The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) library has an extensive
list of bibliographies on areas of interest tp management accountants,
including Activity-Based Costing, Capital Budgeting, and Environmental
Accounting. The bibliographies are free to members and cost S15 each for
nunmembers.- ' ' . , . . '
Contact Information .
National Pollution Prevention '
Center for Higher Education .
University of Michigan
430 E. University, Dana Building-
Ann Arbor. MI 48109-1115
Phone: (313) .764-1412
Fax: (313) 936-2195, ...
E-mail: nppc@umich.edu
Center for Social and Environment
Accounting Research
University of Dundee
Dundee, DD1 4HN
United Kingdom
Phone: 44-01382-344789
Fax: 44-01382-24419 . '
e-mail r.h.gray@dundee.ac.uk.
United Nations, Publications Sales.
Room DC2-0853, Dept. 600
2 United Nations Plaza
New York. NY-10017
Phone: (212) 963-8302
Fax: (.212) 963,-3489
For more information, call the IMA
library at (-201) 573-9000.-
CURRICULA
Resource Description
"5. Accounting Syllabi Related to Pollution Prevention
National Pollution Prevention Center for Higher Education (August, 1994).
This document includes syllabi for the following four courses: Management of
Environmental issues. Mark Cohen, Vanderbilt University; Environmental '.
Accounting. Christopher Stinson. University.of Texas; Seminar on .
Environmental Accounting. Donald E. Stone. University of Massachusetts: and
Waste Reduction. Treatment, and Disposal. Mark White. University of Virginia.
Contact Information
National Pollution Prevention
Center for Higher Education
Dana Building, 430 E. University
Ann Arbor MI 48109-1115
Phone: (313) 764-1412
Fax: (313} 93672195
E-mail:.'nppc@umich.edu
= New Listing
Revised March 1996
.Page 3
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CURRICULA (Continued)
Resource Description
"6. Homework* Exam Problem: Overhead Allocation for Pollution Prevention
\Villiam Lanan (August. 1994). This three-hour exam question requires
students to compare management decisions based on both traditional
accounting methods and an alternative "two-stage allocation procedure" in
vthich the first >tage allocates costs to departments and the second stage
allocates costs to products.
7. Improving Your Competitive Position: Strategic and Financial Assessment
of Pollution Prevention Projects - Instructor's Guide and Training Manual
i 1994). This instructor's guide and training manual provides an overview of
capital budgeting and the objectives of financial analysis. The manuals define
the parameters of cost information and describe the procedures and sources
for gathering and developing this information. In addition, the manuals detail
alternative methods for using cost data to perform financial analysis and
explain the advantages and disadvantages of the different measures of
profitability. The manuals also introduce various qualitative issues to be
considered in conjunction with a financial analysis to determine the impact of
a proposed project. The training manual costs S7.50 for non-profit
organizations and SIS for profit-making organizations. The instruction guide
costs S15 for nonprofit organizations and S30 for profit organizations.
i ' " ' '
8, Industrial Pollution Prevention Handbook
This texibook is a guide for managers and engineers'on how to implement a
pollution prevention strategy. It contains two chapters that discuss total cost
assessments. The t'irst chapter provides a theoretical description of total cost
assessment and includes three examples showing how TCA provides a clearer
picture of the financial viability of investments. The other chapter reviews
(he purpose of managerial accounting information, the inadequacies of
current accounting systems to provide useful managerial information, and
proposals for environmental information enhancements to current systems to
belter reflect the environmental cost burden to the firm.
Contact Information
National Pollution Prevention
Center for Higher Education
University of Michigan
Dana Building, 430 E. University
Ann Arbor. MI 481109-1 US'
Phone: (313) 764-1412
Fax: (313) 936-2195
E-mail: nppc@umich.edu
Terri Goldberg
P2 Program Manager
NEWMOA
129 Portland Street, 5th Roor
Boston. MA 02114
Phone: (617) 367-8558 x302
Customer Service
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
1221 Avenue of the .Americas
Mew York, NY 10020
Phone: (800) 722-4726
CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
BACKGROUND
Resource Description
'9. Accounting for the Cost of Risk
Glenn A. MacCorkle (Risk Management, December, 1994). This article
provides a brief history of the Risk Management Roundtable, a group within
the Risk and Insurance'Management Society (RIMS). The Roundtable has
recently begun to develop an accounting guideline for cost of risk that would
codify the method by which organizations collect risk-related data. In
particular, the article describes Statement on Management Accounting (SMA)
4S. "Internal Accounting and Classification of Risk Management Costs," which
was distributed to IMA subscribers and RIMS members in November 1993.
Contact Information ,
Risk Management Socie'ry
Publishing, Inc.
205 E 42nd Street
New York. NY 10017
Phone: (212) 286-9364
New Listing
Revised March 1996
Paue 4
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CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING (Continued)
' Resource Description
"10. Environmental Accounting and EMSs: Environmental Accounting Can
Help Measure and Manage Environmental Performance
Susan McLauahlin and Holly'Elwood.(Po//urion Prevention Review. Spring
1996). This article asserts that environmental cost information is crucial to
both the initial corporate acceptance and long-term' sustainability of an
environmental management system ( EMS). ffee"Sf nefeed'iscusses how to use
environmental costs to promote development of an EMS, environmental
accounting as a tool- for creating metrics, financial versus impact metrics,
developing and using environmental cost metrics, identifying environmental'
costs, activity-based costing, and the cost of quality. In addition, the article
includes a substantial list of financial metrics being used by companies to '
illustrate environmental performance.
"II. Fact Sheet: Preventing Pollution Improves Your Bottom Line
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (January, 1995). This
two-page fact sheet available via Internet provides a basic overview of how
pollution prevention can improve a company's performance. The fact sheet
outlines examples of hidden costs associated with the use of hazardous
chemicals, discusses how to take responsibility to prevent releases,1 and
provides an overview of how to calculate the benefits of pollution prevention
and where to go for additional information.
12. Accounting for the Environment . '
Rob Gray. Jan Bebbihgton, and Diane Walters (1993). This book provides a
.general introduction to environmental accounting including sources of advice,.
.further reading, and information on the research process used to gain
empirical, evidence on the "greening" of the accountancy practice. ISBN
155S76075X(hc) I558760768(pb) . ' "" .. . " ' .
i ,
13. Enviro-Management--How Smart Companies Turn Environmental Costs
into Profits ; .
D. Keith Denton ( 1994). This book outlines the challenges and benefits of
..the new "green" corporate thinking by providing managers with tools fco profit
from better environmental' management. The author discusses life cycle .
costing, full cost accounting, and using pollution management as a revenue'
generator. 'ISBN 0130735035 ' . . ' '
14. Environmental Accounting: What's the Bottom Line?
Elliot Berkihiser (July, 1993). 120 minute audio cassette and handouts. A
presentation by Elliot Berkihiser. Chair of the Economic .Council 'of the
.American Institute of Pollution Prevention, on defining and allocating costs
and benefits (Cost SlO plus S 1.50 shipping and handling, make check payable
to ' "' ' '
15. Management Accounting (The Official Magazine of the Institute of
Management Accountants) . ' - ,
(February, 1994). This issue of this -monthly journal has articles on
accounting for environmental liabilities, deduction vs. capitalization of
cleanup costs, activity-based and life cycle: costing for environmental ,
expenditures, and environmental management systems, (Cost SlO per copy,
S.20 yearly subscription for members, S125.for non-members) _
Contact Information
Pollution Prevention Review
-Executive Enterprise Publications
22 W 21st. Street, 10th Floor
New York; NY* 10010-6904
Phone: (800) 83U8333
s^ fact sheet is available on the.
, EnviroSenSe World Wide Web
server at
.http://es.inel.gOv/techinfo/.facts/alaska
a.k-fs06.html '.
Markus Wiener Publishing
114 Jefferson Road
Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: (908) 225-2727 ,'
Prentice Hall
Englewood Cliffs, NJ'- 07632
Phone: (201) 592-2000
PP.RC Communications.
1326 Fifth Avenue. Suite .650
Seattle, WA9810L
Phone: (206), 223-1151
Fax: (206) 223-1165 .
Institute of Management
Accountants , :
tO Paragon Drive'
Montvale. NJ 07645,-1760
Phone: (201) 57-3:900d.'.
Fax: (201) 5-73-0639
= Nev, Listing'
Revised March 1996
Paae 5-
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CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
GUIDES
Resource Description
16. \ccelerating Corporate Investment in Cleaner Technologies Through
Enhanced Managerial Accounting Systems
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (1994). This
report suggests how companies can modify current capital budgeting practices
to ensure that clean technology projects receive an unbiased evaluation.
Total cost accounting is described in detail and illustrated in two- case studies.
17* Cost Analysis for Pollution Prevention
This four-page document, published by the Washington State Department of
Ecology, describes a simple hand calculation to'complete the net present
value of a pollution prevention investment. It contains step-by-step
directions. (R-HWTR-93-129)
18. Environmental Cost Accounting: Key Definitions and Terms
This ten-page paper developed by the Business Roundtable defines key terms
commonly associated with environmental cost accounting. The definitions are
intended to provide a brief overview on this topic and to illustrate the
differences and relationships between various terms and techniques.
19. Environmental Cost Accounting: The Bottom Line for Environmental
Quality Management
William G. Russell. Steven L. Skalak. and Gail Miller (Spring, 1994). Total
Quality Environmental Management, pp. 255-268. This article discusses
current cost accounting systems available to support environmental
management systems. (Cost'S159 to subscribe, $39 for individual book issue)
1 ,i " . ' . , ' : j
20. Environmental Strategies Handbook: A Guide to Effective Policies &
Practices
Edited by Rao V. Kolluru. The Handbook features contributions by more
than 30 experts from the fields of environmental science, public health,
, lousiness, and law. It offers insights into how industries can develop optimal
environmental strategies and integrate tjiem into long-term strategic plans to
ensure growth and competitive advantage at the national and international
levels. The Handbook also lists environmental regulatory agencies, industry
associations, and environmental consulting firms and support groups that.can
assist managers and executives in profitably reconciling corporate ambitions
with environmental stewardship and sustainable development.
21. Environmental Stewardship: Management, Accountability and the Role
of Chartered Accountants
The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (1993). The CICA Board
of Governors accepted this report as providing guidance to the profession.
.Contact Information
Environmental Directorate, OECD
2 rue Andr6 Pascal
75775 Paris CEDEX 16
France
Attention: PPCD
Peggy Morgan
Washington State Department of
Ecology
P.O. Box 47600
Olympia, WA 98504-7600
Phone: (206) 407-6752
The Business Roundtabie
1615 L Street, NW ' '
Washington, D.C. 20036-5610
Phone: (202) 872-1260
, (requests by mail are preferred)
John Wiley and Sons
1 Wiley Drive
Somerset, NJ 08875
Phone: (800) 225-5945
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
11 West 19th Street - 4th floor
New York,'NY 10011
Attn: Tim Pletscher
Phone: (800) 2-MCGRAW
Fax: (212) 337-4092 '
The Canadian Institute of .Chartered
Accountants
277 Wellington Street West
Toronto, Ontario M5V 3H2
Canada
Phone: (416) 204-3364
Fax: (416) 204-3414
« New Listing
Revised March 1996
Pasje 6
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CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING (Continued)
Resource Description
22. Facility Guide for Pollution Prevention
An EPA Guide to Setting up an effective'corporate pollution .prevention
program. EPA-600-R-92-088. . '
23. Finding Cost-Effective Pollution Prevention Initiatives: Incorporating
Environmental Costs Into Business Decision Making-A Primer
Global Environmental Management Initiative (1994,). This primer on "finding
cost-effective pollution prevention initiatives" explains how businesses can
improve their decision making processes by .using total quality environmental
management principles. The book describes how to evaluate sustainable
pollution prevention initiatives and other investment options by appropriately
including environmental costs and savings fo'r each option. The primer is
intended,to help a broad audience of professionals to improve, their decision
making skills using comprehensive cost, information.
24. A Primer for Financial Analysis of Pollution Prevention Projects
Introduces the time value of money concept into analysis of pollution
prevention investments. EPA600-R-93-059 i
Contact Information
The Center for Environmental;.
Research Information (CERI)
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45628
Phone: (513)'569-7562 '
Fax: (513) 569-7566 ', " .
Global Environmental Management
Initiative (GEMI) '
2000 L Street, N.W., Suite "10 '"
Washington, D.C. 20036
Phone: (202) 296-7449
The Center for Environmental
Re-search Information-(CERI)
26 W. Martin Luther King'Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45628
Phone:, (513),569-7562
Fax: (513) 569-7566
CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
STUDIES/ANALYSES
Resource Description
'25. Complying with SEC Requirements for Reporting Environmental Costs
Steven Humphreys. Esq. (Environmental Business Advisor, Vol. 1, Issue 1,
Spring 1995). As the costs associated with environmental regulatory ,
'compliance and cleanup continue to rise for companies, the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission (SEC) has made a commitment to become
, increasingly active in policing corporations' financial statements for proper
disclosure and accounting of material losses ;and capital costs. This article
briefly reviews the environmental costs that must be reported under, SEC
-regulations and haw these reporting obligations are-triggered. The article
then discusses some practical advice on how to avoid becoming a target in the
SEC's enforcement initiative: .
*26. Environment-related Management Accounting in North .America and its
Implications for BT .'
Martin Bennett, and Peter James. This report examines current trends and
practice in environment-related management accounting (ENVMAC) in
North .America and identifies eight options which can be taken forward'by
BT. lus based on interviews with seven regional telecommunications
companies, six innovative companies in other sectors, and three policy-making
and lobbying organizations. , .
Contact Information
Environmental Business Advisor
Harcourt Brace Professional
Publications'
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887
Phone: (800)'831-7799
Fax: (407) 363-9661 . '
Ashridge Managemen t Research
Group .
Berkhamsted. Hertfordshire
HP4 INS' England ' ._
Phone: +44 (0) .442 343491
Fax: +"44 (0) 442,841181
= New Listing
Revised March 1996
Page
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CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING (Continued)
Resource Description'
*27. Environmental Accounting: A Research Report
Johannes Lehmann (September. 1995). this report defines environmental
accounting: discusses how corporations, governments, and research
organizations are involved in environmental accounting; provides a state-of-
the-art inventory of the different'instruments of monetary environmental
accounting; and gives examples of best practice. In the appendices, the author
provides studies of conventional accounting systems, activity-based costing,
and full cost accounting; and a survey of literature related to environmental
accounting.
'28. Environmental Accounting for the Sustainable Corporation: Strategies
and Techniques
Daniel Blake Rubenstein (1994). This book demonstrates how the emerging
field of environmental accounting could serve the needs of corporations
aspiring to be sustainable over the coming decades. Based on the author's
research for the United Nations, a new methodology is advanced .to compute
fuller costs. In addition to practical guidance on the theory and practice of
calculating these costs, the author illustrates alternatives to traditional capital
budgeting models. A range of concepts and applications are offered on
natural capital: intergenerational equity; waste minimization; asset depletion
rates; application of risk-management principles to costing natural capital;
off-balance sheet natural assets; modern definition of profit for natural and
business capital. Pioneering reporting methods for returns on investment and
product costs are recommended in the concluding chapters. (Cost S55)
» -
"29. Environmental Liability Disclosure and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 92
Richard Y. Roberts and Kurt R. Hohl (The Business Lawyer, VoL 50, No. I,
November 1994). In an attempt to improve the accounting for and disclosure
of environmental liabilities, the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission's (SEC's) Division of Corporate Finance released Staff ,
Accounting Bulletin No. 92 (SAB 92) in 1993. SAB 92 sets forth SEC's
interpretation of GAAP with regard to contingent liabilities. This article
brieflv discusses accounting literature addressing contingent liability issues and
assesses provisions of SAB 92. specifically addressing the issues of offsetting,
discounting, and disclosures.
*JO. Green and Competitive: Ending the Stalemate
Michael E. Porter and Claas van der Linde (Harvard Business Review, Sept.-'
Oct. 1995). This article suggests that the prevailing view of.environmental
regulation is informed by the assumption that there is an inherent and fixed
trade-off; ecology versus the economy.' The authors assert that'this static
view of regulation, in which everything except regulation is held constant, is
incorrect. The article describes how properly designed environmental
standards can trigger innovations that lower the total cost of a product or
improve its value. A case study of the Dutch flower industry is used to
support the authors' thesis.
Contact Information
IMD. International Institute for
Management Development
Chemin de Bellerive 23
P.O. Box915, CH-1001
Lausanne, Switzerland
Phone: 41 21,6180386
Fax: 41 21/618 07 07
Quorum Books
88 Post Road West
Westport, CT 06881
Phone: (203) 226-3571
The Business, Lawyer
(ISSN #0007-6899)
750 Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60611
Publishing Division
Harvard Business School
Boston, MA 02163
Phone: ' (508) 934-3050
New Listing
Revised March 1996
Page S
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CORPORATE EWIRO.\'\fEXT.4L ACCOl'VTfXG (Continued)
Resource Description
31. How Green Was My Balance Sheet?: Corporate Liability and
Environmental Disclosure . ~
John Bagby. Paula Murray. and\Eric Andrews (Virginia Environmental Law '
Journal. Vol. 14. So. 2, Winter. 1995).. This'article examines how the use of
greater financial disclosure of environmental liabilities can more effectively
contribute to attainment of national environmental policy goals. The article
is divided into three sections. .The first section examines the disclosures
required under the. various environmental,laws. The second section examines
the use of financial statements to disclose environmental liabilities. The final
section analyzes the way economic incentives adjust as environmental
liabilities become more widely known. ; ;
"32. Issues and Research Opportunities in Environmental Accounting
(WWZ-Discussion Papers, No. 9423)
Stefan Schal'tegger and Christopher S.tinson (November, 1995). This paper
provides an overview of important issues in environmental accounting. The
authors broadly define environmental accounting to include financial,
managerial, tax. ecological, and regulatory accounting. The paper closes with
a list of a number of possible research questions for academic accountants.
*33. Managerial Accounting and Environmental Compliance Costs
Bun Hammer and Christopher H. Stinson (1994). This article reviews market
and regulatory pressures for accurate allocation of environmental compliance
costs, identifies various environmental compliance costs, and discusses typical
drivers for some of these costs. -Finally, the article briefly discusses practices
that can-facilitate developing-and maintaining a successful environmental'
accounting system. .
"34. Measuring Corporate Environmental Performance: Best Practices for
Costing and Managing an Effective Environmental Strategy
Marc J. Epstein (1996).-This book presents the results of an extensive field
study of corporate environmental accounting performance.. Both internal and
public documents of over a hundred leading corporations were reviewed, with
in-depth- interviews and visits conducted at more than thirty top companies.
The author describes the state of the art and best practices of corporate y
environmental performance. , ' "' '..... ..-.---
35. Accounting for the Environment Management Accounting Issues Paper L
the Society of. Management Accountants pf Canada (1992)'. This issue paper
identifies.key issues in environmental accounting and offers guidelines on
improving environmental accountability. It also addresses the role of the
management accountant in developing an-environmental agenda and designing
performance measures. In the near future, SMAC will be publishing
environmental accounting guidance entitled. Tools and Techniques of
Environmental Accounting for Business Decisions. (The issue paper and *
guidance document each cost S15 for non-members) ,
Contact Information
University of Virginia
School ,of Law
Chariottesville, VA 22901
Phone: (804) 924-7354 '
Christopher Stinson
(University of Texas
Dept. of Accounting (CBA 4M.202)
Austin, TX 78712-1172
Phone: (512)471-5318 ;"
Fax: (512) 471-3904 - ' :
E-mail: cstinson@mail.utexas.edu
Christopher Stinson
University of Texas
Dept. of Accounting (CBA 4M.202)
Austin, TX 78712-1172
Phone: (512) 471-5318
Fax: (512) 471-3904 ' .. "-'
E-mail: cstinson@mail.utexas.edu
'The IMA Foundation forvApplied
Research .
10 Paragon Drive
: Montvale. NJ 07645-1760
Phone: (800) 638-4427
The Society of Management " ,
Accountants of Canada,(SMAC)
120 King Street West, Suite. 850
P.O. Box 176
Hamilton, Ontario L8N, 3C3
Canada
Phone: (800) 520-4262 -
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Pas>e
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CORPORATE EWRO.\'\fE.\T.4L .-iCCOf.V77.VG (Continued)
Resource Description
* ']
i, :
36. \lternative Approaches to the Financial Evaluation of Industrial
Pollution Prevention Investments (Revised Executive Summary)
A. White and D. Savage (June, 1993). This document provides support for
the idea that improved managerial accounting systems, including accurate
measurement and allocation of both physical and cost aspects of waste
generation. Jtre essential for achieving a clear, unbiased perspective on the
profitability of industrial pollution prevention investments.
37, Environmental Auditing and the Role of the Accounting Profession
The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (1992). This research
report of a Study Group discusses what services constitute environmental
auditing, now and in the future, and provides recommendations to the
accounting profession as to the roles it should play in environmental auditing.
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CORPORATE EXV7RdSME\T.-±L ACCQLSTISC
Resource Description .
42. Coming Clean: Corporate Environmental Reporting
(1992). This survey.report was published 'by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
International, the International Institute for Sustainable Development and
Sustainabiliry. The Green Growth Company reviews environmental disclosure
information reported by companies worldwide. The report identifies best, : f
practices and business motives for disclosure and concludes that many
companies are "ill prepared",to respond to growing disclosure needs and that
pressures for more disclosure will-continues to;grow. (Cost S25)
Contact Information
Erik Gilberg '
Deloitte Touche
50 Fremond Street, Suite 2800
San Francisco. CA 94105
Phone: (415) 247-4872 '
GENERAL CORPORATE CASE STUDIES
Resource Description
*43. Environmental Accounting: Principles for the Sustainable; Enterprise
A.-L. White. D.E. Savage, and A. Dierks( 1995). This paper, originally '.
presented at the 1995 TAPPI International Environmental Conference in
Atlanta), presents three case studies from large manufacturing firms. The "
, case studies illustrate the importance of good environmental cost accounting
in the realm of project financial analysts for capital budgeting. The
environmental projects'described encompass capital budgeting initiatives on
. three levels: 1) the facility level: 2) the divisional level; and 3) the corporate
level. ' ' " . :
Contact Information
Tellus Institute :'
11 Arlington Street
Boston, MA 02116-3411
Phone: (617) 266-5400'
"E-mail: adierks@tellus.com
44. Polaroid: Managing Environmental Responsibilities and Their Costs
(N9-194-052 , !
Harvard Business School (December, 1993). Written by Richard D. Stark
under the supervision of Professors Mary E. Barth and Marc J. Epstein. A
case prepared for class discussion. (Cost S5.25)
45. Teaching Case Studies Applicable to Full Cost Accounting and Capital
Budgeting . ,
The Management Institute for Environment and Business have three teaching
case studies: Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW); AT&T; and Tempes
i fictional company). In addition,- MIEB provides a case study of Industrial
Products. Inc. (a fictional company) to demonstrate the measurement of
environmental performance and. the ISO 14000 Series Standards. The case
studies cost 55 each and should be requested by the name of.the company.
Publishing Division
Harvard Business School
Boston. MA 02163
Phone: (617) 495-61.17
Rebeckah :Paulson
1220 16th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Phone: (202) 833-6556
Fax: (202) 833-6228
E-mail: mebbell@aoi.com
INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC RESOURCES
Resource Description
46. Background Discussion of Total Cost Accounting Within Petroleum
Operations ...... .'.'.'
This four-page paper developed bythe American Petroleum Institute's..
Polhmon.'Prevemion Task Force explains the importance of-total cost
accounting concepts tor the petroleum industry and suggests types of costs
that should be included in project evaluations. ' . '."'
Contact Information
EPA Pollution Prevention
Information Clearinghouse (PPIC)
'401 M Street. SW-'3~404'
Washington, D.C. 20460
Phone: (202) 260-1023
Fax:. (202) 260-01-78
E-mail: ppic@epamatl.epa.gov
= New Listing"
Revised. March 1996
Paue
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SPECIFIC CHEMICAL-USE RESOURCES
Resource Description
47. The Cost of Changing-Total Cost Analysis of Solvent .Alternatives
Massachusetts Toxics L'se Reduction Institute (December. 1993). This paper
presents six case studies to reveal the benefits of total cost accounting and
notes interesting trends in the use "of new cleaning technologies. (Free)
48. Getting to the Bottom Line: How TCA Shows the Real Cost of Solvent
Substitution
Mitchell Kennedy. P2 Consulting,. Inc. (Pollution Prevention Review, Spring
1994) This article illustrates the application of total cost accounting at two
facilities and explores the value of such analysis as a tool to support pollution
prevention and reveal the hidden costs of solvent substitution.
Contact Information
Janet Clark
Massachusetts Toxics L'se Reduction
Institute ,
University of Massachusetts
1 University Avenue
Lowell. MA 01854-2881
Phone: (508) 934-3346
Fax: (508) 934-3050
Pollution Prevention Review
Executive Enterprise Publications
22 W 21st Street. 10th Floor
New York,. NY 10010-6904
Phone: (800) 831-8333
MANAGEMENT APPROACHES TO
IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
Activity-Based Costing
f ' _
Resource Description
49. An ABC Manager's Primer Straight Talk on Activity-Based Costing
Cokins. Stratton. & Helbling. The authors, who have led many activity-based
costing (ABC) projects, take the mystique out of ABC. The primer, written
tn simple, clear language, gives a headstart for action in implementing an
ABC program. (93282. Cost S15).
SO. Implementing Activity-Based Costing .
Editor Frank Collins {1991). This book introduces the concept of activity-
based costing. (ISBN 0471112372, Cost S59.95)
51. Implementing Activity-Based Cost Management: Moving from Analysis to
Action
Cooper. Kaplan. Maisel, Momssey, Oehm. This research study documents
ke% implementation issues and results, based on real-life examples and case
>ludies of eight companies. (#92268. Cost S35) ' '
Contact Information
The Institute of Management
Accountants,
10 Paragon Drive
Monrvale, NJ 07645-1760 '
Phone: (800) 638-4427
Fax: (201) 573-0639 '
John Wiley and Sons
1 Wiley Drive
Somerset, NJ 08875
Phone: (800)225-5945
The Institute of Management
Accountants
10 Paragon Drive
Monrvale, NJ 07645-1760
Phone: (800) 638-4427.
Fax: (201) 573-0639
New Listine
Revised March 1996
Page 12
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V£4.V.-4G£.V/E.\T .APPROACHES TO IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING (Continued)
Total Quality Management
Resource Description
"52. Economics of Pollution Prevention: How Waste Reduction Pays .
Charles Rooney (Pollution Prevention. Review, Summer. 1993). The author
argues that by reducing waste generation, any company will improve the
quality of its products and the environment. The author, however, also argues
that this benefit is secondary to the large amount of money the company can
save through pollution prevention. The author argues that waste is a
significant and avoidable cost to most businesses, and introduces a simple
methodology for measuring the economic damage waste causes and discusses
ways to find and eliminate, the causes of waste in manufacturing processes.
53. Current Trends in Cost of Quality: Linking the Cost of Quality and
Continuous Improvement
John Hawle'y Atkinson, Jr., ^regory Hohner, Barry Mundt, Richard ,B. Troxel,
William Wincheil (1991). This successor study to a 1987 report on Cost of
Quality analyzes four case studies and discusses the tactics and techniques
required to convert an organization to a continuous quality improvement
philosophy. The document describes different ways of measuring costs that
would be-useful in total cost accounting: (#91259, Cost S35)
1 i ."-'.' v
54. Measuring, .Planning, and Controlling Quality Costs
Wayne J. Morse. Harold P. Roth, and Kiy M. Postdn (1987). This book
published by the Institute of Management Accountants uses the results of a
study as an introduction to quality costs; identifies major issues in the
measurement, planning, and control of quality costs; summarizes the .
experience and success of selected companies in measuring quality costs; and
provides guidance in implementing a quality cost system. ISBN 0866411496.
. Total Cost Accounting
"55. Analysis of Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization Opportunities
Using total Cost Assessment: A Case Study in the Electronics Industry
'. L. Badgett, B. Hawke, and K. Humphrey (1995). This report is comprised of
two main sections.. The first section examines six different methods for
assessing costs and benefits of pollution prevention opportunities, highlighting
the recommended method. The second section is a case study of a Northwest
circuit board manufacturer, which" outlines the application of the selected
Je.cision-making tool to two pollution prevention investments and highlights
the economic results of the analysis., ' . ' . ;
Contact Information
.Pollution Prevention Review
Executive Enterprise Publications'
22 W 21st Street, lOtrrFloor
New York, NY 10010-6904
Phone: (800)831-8333
Institute of Management
Accountants
10 Paragon Drive
. Monrvale, NJ 07645-1760
Phone: (201) 573-9000
Fax: (201)573-0639
Institute of Management
Accountants
10 Paragon Drive
Monrvale, NJ 07645-1760
Phone: (201) 573-9000
Fax: (201) 573-0639.
David Leviten
Pacific Northwest Pollution
Prevention Research Center
1326 Fifth Ave., Suite 650 .'
Seattle, WA 98101
Phone: (206) 223-1151 /
E-mail: d_levuen(apnl.gov
= New Listing
Revised March 1996
Page 13
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APPROACHES TO IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING (Continued)
Resource Description
£6, Sew Applications of Total Cost Assessment: .An Exploration of the P2-
Production Interface
Deborah E. Savage and AJlen L. White (Pollunon Prevention Review. Winter ,
1994 1995), This article shows how Total Cost Assessment can make a major
contribution in shifting environmental projects out of their traditional -
classification as must-do, compliance-driven projects and move them up the
corporate investment hierarchy to a profit-adding classification. The article
presents a ease study performed for the chemical manufacturing operations of
a multinational, high technology firm. The analysis of the costs and benefits
of a closed-loop, multi-purpose batch still solvent recovery system illustrated
the integral, quantifiable connection between environmental investment and
production flexibility and planning at the firm's facilities.
57. Will Polluting Less Save You Money? A Workbook for Total Cost
Assessment
(1994). This document explores using total cost assessment to evaluate
options, justify project worth, and track project success. The handbook
provides users with the tools necessary to examine pollution prevention
projects using total cost assessment. The exercises are designed to teach skills
in gathering data, performing the analysis, and considering factors such as
liability and media 'shifting. The handbook can also be used as an instructor's
guide 'for inter-active lessons on total cost accounting.
Contact Information
Deborah Savage, Ph.D.
Tellus Institute
11 Arlington Street
Boston, MA 02116-3411
Phone:. (617)'266-5400
Fax: (617) 266-8303
E-mail: dsavage@tellus.com
P2c '
P.O. Box 231214
Old State House Square
Hartford, CT 06123
Phone: (203) 236-5911
ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Resource Description ,
58. Creating a Government that Works Better and Costs Less: Reinventing
Environmental Management
Vice President Al Gore (September. 1993). This accompanying report to the
National Performance review recommends among other things, that the
Federal Government should "Improve Federal Decision Making through
Environmental Cost Accounting." (Cost S14)
39. Environmental Costs: A New Element in Life Cycle Cost Estimates for
DOD Acquisition Programs
Michael Anderberg (June. 1994). This keynote address presented at the 16th
Annual Conference of the International Society of Parametric Analysts
'"describes what DOD's Office of Secretary of Defense is doing to assure the-
significant costs of environmental effects are reflected in life cycle .cost
estimates for major defense acquisitions.
60. Logistics Spectrum-Journal of the Society of Logistics Engineers,
Volume 27. Issue 2
(September. 1993) This special issue entitled. '.'New Directions in Logistics" is
rhe first all-environmental issue of this quarterly. Member subscription:
annual membership dues include a SIO yearly subscription; nonmember
inscription: S50 U.S.. S60 all others.
Contact Information
U.S. Government Printing Office
Superintendent of Documents
Mail Stop: SSOP
Washington. D.C. 20402-9328
Phone: (202) 512-1800
Office of Secretary of Defense
Program Analysis and Evaluation
1800 Defense Pentagon -
Washington, D.C. 20301-1800
Phone: (703) 697-0317
Roger Nash
Logistics Spectrum
SOLE International Headquarters
8100 PfofessioriakPlace, Suite 211
Hyattsville. MD' 20785
Phone: (301) 459-8446
New Listing
Revised March 1996
Page 14
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r.ONSV.LT\NG O
(CF Incorporated . ' , ''..'- '''.- .v ..."..
9300 Lee Highway ' "",.' . .. - .' ' . '- '.''' : .
Fairfax. V A 22031-1207 . . } ,:, . . , - ' , . .. ..'',,,"
703/934-3000 Fax 703-934-9740 ' ,','-.''-.''.
- - '.! . ' .. March 14, 1996
MEMORANDUM
" - ' ^ ' '"*- ''_,' " " '
TO: Holly Elwood, EPA-OPPT ' '
FROM: Ed Crooke and Elaine Blatt, ICF Incorpprated
SUBJECT: Revised DfE Environmental Accounting-Resource Listing
Attached is the camera-ready version of the Environmental Accounting Resource Listing,
along with-an electronic file in Word Perfect'5.1. In developing this version, we combined the.
"Corporate Financial Accounting", and "Corporate Environmental Accounting - Studies/Analyses"
sections and incorporated ybur edits to the March 1 draft. In addition, please note the following
about this version: ' , ,' ., '
. The cost^or the issue, paper and guidance document cited in Accounting for- the ,
' , Environment Management Accounting Issues Paper 1 is $15 each. We have made
- this clear in the resource description.
The Richard Wells article is a "case study of Industrial Products Inc. (a fictional
company). We incorporated a brief description of this resource in Resource #45.
We will return your environmental accounting resources to you at our next meeting. If
you have any questions about this draft, please feel free to call Elaine at (703) 934-3073.
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