• •EPA/742/R-95/Q12
Pollution Prevention
Educational Resource Compendium:
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Published by:
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• Phoo«: 313-7S4-U12
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July199S
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•pollution Prevention
and Chemistry ,
:ENTES so*.HIGHER.EDUCATION j
Table of Contents
Explanation of Compendium Contents
Introductory Materials
.D .Overview of 'Environmental Problems, [expected Fa/11995/
a Pollution Prevention Concepts and Principles '[expected Fall W5]
D Pollution Prevention Applications to Chemistry [expected Winter 19961
Pollution Prevention and Chemistry Resource List
NPPC Resource*
d Annotated Bibliography of Oiemistry-Reiated
Pollution Prevention Source
d Case Studies and Other Student Assignments [expected Winter 1996J
July 1995
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Pollution Prevention
and Chemistry
Explanation of Compendium Contents
Introductory Materials
D Overview of Environmental Problems. Each chapter highlights'
a major area of environmental .concern: energy use, global.
change, resource depletion, land use and development, waste,
'" air quality, water quality and quantity, ecological health, and
human health. Includes definitions of concepts and terms, cur-
. rent data and research findings oh the state of the environment,
tables, figures, and guidance on obtaining more information.
This document is designed to help faculty in all disciplines pre-.
pare course materials and lectures. For people who may not
- have extensive knowledge of environmental issues, it provides
background information; for'those'already familiar with environ-
mental problems! it is a convenient, concise source .of current
data. The formal allows individual topic areas to be easily re-
produced for distribution to students; all figures and tables are
provided in a full-page format suitable for overhead projection.
D Pollution Prevention Concepts and Principle*. This shorter
paper introduces the concepts, terminology, objectives, and
scope of pollution prevention. It discusses how government
and the private sector are currently perceiving and implement-
ing pollution prevention and describes the barriers and benefits
encountered in implementing pollution prevention activities.
D Pollution Prevention Application* to Chemistry. Chemistry
plays a critical role in advancing key principles of pollution pre-
vention and sustainable development This introduction will
provide a framework for improving me designand management
of chemicals and chemical processes; present tools for designing
environmentally preferred; synthetic pathways and less toxic
~' -'' chemicals; and introduce methods for environmental assessment
to assist faculty in incorporating pollution prevention concepts
and practical toolsinto chemistry curricula: ,
t NPPC Resource*
Q Pollution Prevention andChemistry Resource List. A list^of all
rdevantresduices known to tteOTIKlT^
section lists three articles; the "Reference Materials" section lists
146 artides^threebooks, three reports, five publishers,, five on-
line services, four faculty involved in pollution prevention edu-
cation, and five organizations. Includes summary matrix. Most
of the materials listed are commonly found in college libraries
or bookstores; for others, the list explains how to obtain mem.
D Annotated Bibliography of Chemistry-Related Pollution
Prevention Sources. Alphabetically lists and describes all
materials cited in the Resource List
JulytSSS
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Pollution Prevention
in Chemistry
BOSVedlON CENTER fOfl HKSHEH EDUCATION
Pollution Prevention and Chemistry
Resource List
Prepared by Kellie DuBay and Jason Schweitzer, NPPC Research Assistants,
: under the direction of Thomas Dunn, Professor, Department of Chemistry;
Gregory A. Kedleian, Assistant Research Scientist, School of Natural Resources
and Environment; and Nancy A: Osborn, Publications Manager, NPPC
Table of Contents
Using This Compendium...
Terminology and Framework...
Classification of Resource Materials ..........
Educational Tools............——..«
••••• 1
!•••» &
. . .
„.„„„,, !•••«• *
Reference Materials
L"'' Incorporating pollution prevention into curricula 4-
ft. Less-toxic alternatives in chemical syntheses
-A. Alternatives to phosgene in industrial syntheses ..5
B. Supercritical CO, as an altemative solvent:........... 5
C. d-Glucose as an altemative starting material.«~«. 6
D. Use of biocatarysis or biological reagents. 7
e. Development of new, non-biological catalysts...... 7
F. Miscellaneous alternative routes and
altemative chemicals .—-•• • :—•;••»• j*
III. Computer or mathematical modeing—:—:.-~~~—1»
IV. Pollution prevention: related programs
V. Overviews or general oTscussten
Periodicals/Publishers ~.~—~
Online Services ..M^~~«~«-~-.
Faculty Involved in Piand Ch«
Organization* .^....;........~~~~^
Matrix ...~^.~~«
..11
..12
.13
ntetry.
,14
WM...*..^. ' •
it will help people get a good start on.incorporating
pollution prevention into the chemistry curriculum.
In mis Resource List, we have grouped all citations
under several main themes. Then, to more specifically
describe me contents of the citations, we have assigned
codes to them. Finally, each citation has a number cor-
responding to its audience leveL (For a description of
these themes and codes, see "Classification of Resource
Materials" on the page 3.)
At me end of the Resource List is a summary matrix
An alphabetical list of the citations runs down me left
side of the matrix. Codes run along the top. The num-
bers In me cells represent me audience level
Thus, youmayapproach mis set of resources from any
angle. K you want to examine everything within a
theme, start with.the text of the Resource List If you
would prefer to keep a narrower focus, start wim the
appropriate column in the'matrix^you wulbe able
to quickly identifiy all citations pertaining to a general
topic (eg* "alternative synthesis"), a specific subject
(e.g., ^a synthesis emplqyingbiotogical systems^, or a
combination (eg, "alternative biological catalysts' or
'toxicity/risk assessments oiE solvent alternatives").
Using This Coinpendttm
There are many ways to incorporate poDution prevent
tion principles into me field of chemistry—industrial
applications, academic research, educational curricula.
These are illustrated in the Journal articles,.reports,
books, conference proceedings, and educational tools
cited in this Resource List We recognize mat mis list
does not identify every source relevant to the topic of
pollution prevention in chemistry. But we believe mat
Complementing me Resource List is our Annotated
Bibliography, .which.describes all Resource tist
materials in more detail; it is arranged alphabeticaUy
by author name. Once you have chosen citations from
either the Resource List^ its matrix, you may turn
to the Annotated Bibliography for a more detailed
description. The Resource List, its matrix, and the
accompanymg Annotated Bibliography are designed
to make this.compendium easily accessible by a wide
range of users.
Phoo« 313.7S».1412«
National PoOuBon PwwnUon Canttr tor Hftfw
OaraBottfti* 430 Emtt Uniwwrty. Ann Arbor
Augurt1996
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Terminology and Framework
When evaluating the content of these documents, it is
important to understand that pollution prevention
within the chemistry discipline is relatively new, with
little uniformity in the use of terminology. Phrases
and words such as "benign," "non-toxic," "benign by ^
design," "green chemistry," "environmental chemistry/
safer chemical design, and clean processes are often
used synonymously to describe very different concepts.
Specific criteria for definitions are usually not given,
and frameworks for definitions are rarely explicitly
stated. This lack of uniform definitions becomes a
problem when chemicals or chemical syntheses are
evaluated. For example, a certain chemical may be
ecologically safe and deemed a "benign" alternative,.
but the synthesis of that chemical may involve highly'
toxic intermediates or by-products.
To label a chemical substance or process with a word
like "benign," one must consider all aspects of the
chemical and its synthesis. A comprehensive examina-
tion encompasses all of these issues: material process-
ing, xrunufacruring, use, material or energy recovery,
and disposal. The following framework1 defines sev-
eral important criteria for th« design and management
of chemical substances and processes.
»
* Environmental Criteria. Resource depletion (re-
newable and nonrenewable), energy consumption;
waste generation (air and water pollution, solid and
hazardous waste), human health risk* (worker*,
consumers, communities), ecological degradatioft
(sensitive species, habitat resiliency^
• Performance. Chemicals are required to serve a
variety of functions within the economy: as cleaning
agents, lubricants, solvents, flavorings, pharmaceuti-
cals, etc They must perform effectively and efficient-
ly to be accepted by consumers as a viable product
Performance requirements often influence and con-
strain environmental requirements; inadequate per-
formance can result in more negative impacts, .
« Cost Regardless of how well a product performs
and meets environmental criteria, economics
strongly influences how one produces a chemical.
Costs to.consider over the product's life cycle
include: commodity chemical prices, monitoring
and permitting, the explicit energy costs ofrnanu-
facruring, potential liability and remediation costs,
and costs associated with treatment and disposal.
• LegaL Compliance with mandatory regulations is
an important "must" requirement for a chemical
product system. Legal requirements include local,
state, and federal environmental, health, and safety
regulations. As a preventative measure, pending
legislation should also be taken into consideration.
In order .to avoid regulatory conflicts, new chemi-
cals and processes mat exceed current regulations
should be developed.
Of course, few chemicals or processes will be in perfect
accord with all of these criteria. Tradeoffs will occur1,
and the outcome of design and management decision*
wiU depend on how one weights the individual issue*
W« encourage readers to make thekjwn judgments
aboutthe "envirorimentally.preferabte" alternatives
presented in this compendium based ori the above
' -Life Cycle Design" criteria.
_
Cincinnati: RiskRtd«aooEngtae«tagUboi»t«y.
US, Environmental f»o*eaoit Agency. May 199*.
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Classification of Resource Materials
The citations in this Resource List are grouped into
five main themes. The citations themselves have been
assigned General and Subject codes to further describe
the information they cover. Also, in order to give the
reader an idea of a citation's complexity, numerical
.codes indicate each document's intended audience. .
MAIN THEMES:
I. Incorporating Pollution Prevention into Curricula
II. Less-toxic Alternatives in Chemical Syntheses
m. Computer or Mathematical Modeling
IV. Pollution Prevention: Related Programs
V. Overviews or General Discussion
GENERAL CODES -
A: Describes a new, mote environmentally responsible
synthetic route to a product One example is the sub-
stitution of supercritical COj for organic solvents when
synthesizing polymeric materials; another is the syn-
thesis of polyurethane from the catalytic carbonylation
(as opposed to the phosgenation) of nitrparomatic _
compounds.
B: DescribesmerepUcementOfa'productwithanew,
lessrtoxic alternative. An exampleisthei substitationr
of isocyanate sealants with acetoacetate**sed sealants
in the adhesive industry.
C: Presents broader.oi?eryjew»orfapk»rekwant to
pollution prevention inchemistryi These document*
may provide information on the history, future, and/.,
or recent developmentaof a chemical synthesis, indus-
trial process, or research program. Often included are
general discusstawofcost waste, and toxicity.
SUBJECT CODES
Bio. A synthesis or catalysis employing biological sys-
tems (e.g., the synthesis of catechol from a biocatalytk/
enzymatic pathway as opposed to benzene alkylation).
Cat Chemical design incorporating alternative catalysts.
CS An industrial application of pollution prevention
principles—a case study providing readers with a dem-
onstration of how P2 principles can be incorporated
into industry.
Econ. The economic aspects of chemical production. /
EU Assessments of chemical substitutes for end-use
applications based on performance, toxicity, and other
issues. '
' • "*. • .. '• ••
F/R Chemical design incorporating alternative
feedstocks or reactants.
Opt Approaches for optmaaig a synthetic procedure
so that yidd is enhanced and/or the generation of
harmful by-products is reduced or eliminated.
SAR Mathematical relationships between a chemical's
structure and its measurable behaviors. [These docu-
ments may address structure-activity relationships or
quantitativestrucrure-activityrelationships (QSARs).]
Sim. The use of computer modeling or simulation in
the development of new synthetic pathways or novel
compounds . . .
Sol. Chemical design incorporating^tentative solvents.
T/K Toxicity or risk assessment of chemicals,
AUDIENCE LEVEL CODES
1: Requires some elementary sdence'backgrourui:
2: Requires undergraduate knowledge of chemistry/.
3: Requires advanced knowledge of chemistry
(intended audience is moat likely to be faculty,
industry professionals; degreed chemists).
RMMR»U«*3
AugurtlMS
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Educational Tools
Goller, Edwin J., and Joh'n.H. Miller. . .
Qualitative Analysis." Journal of Chemical Education
70, no. 6 (June 1 993): A1 S9-A1 60. .
Reel, Kevin. -Hydrogen Sulfide Is Not Such a
Rotten Idea.' Journal of Chemical Education 70,
no. 10 (October 1993): 854.
Wilcox, Mary F., and Judith G. Koch. "A Freshman
Laboratory Program Without Chromium." Journal
of Chemical Education 70, no. 6 (June 1 993): 488.
Reference Materials
\. Incorporating P2 Into Curricula
Caray, Francis A., and Andrew F. Carey.
"Environmentally Benign Synthesis in the Introductory
Organic Chemistry Lecture Course.' American
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental Chemistry**, no. 2 (August 1994):
180. Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25, 1 994. [C] [Econ, 2]
Huheey, James E. "Incorporating Environmental
Issues into the Inorganic Chemistry Curriculum.
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers,
DMsfan of Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2
(August 1994): 181, Presented at the 208th ACS
National Meeting, Washington, August 21-25, 1994.
(CH2]
Smith, Leverett R. "Securing Environmental
Concerns in the Chemistry Curriculum." Amencan
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994):
1 98-200. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25, 1994. [C] [2]
Steinfeld, J. I., and D. S. Bern. 'Graduate Research
and Training in Chemistry of the Environment at
M I.T." American Chemical Society Preprint of
Papers, Division of Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2
(August 1994): 187-190. Presented at the 208th
ACS National Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,
1994. [C][2]
Szafran, Zvi, Mono M. Singh, and Ronald M. Pike.
The Microscale Inorganic Laboratory: Safety,
Economy, and Versatility.* Journal of Chemical
Education 66, no. 11 (November 1989): A265NA267.
•-*••?
Keotelan, Gregory A., and Jonathan W. .
"Incorporating Pollution Prevention Into the Chwrf*
• try Curriculum: New Challenges and Opportunities.
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers,
Division of Environmental ChemistryQ4,no.2,
(August 1994): 186. Presented at the 2Q8tti iACS
National Meeting. Washington, August 21-25, 1994.
[CH1]
Singh, Mono M., Ronatt M. PHw, and 2tA Szafran.
Pollution Prevention In the Organic and Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratoryr Mfcroscate Approach.
American Chemical SocMy Preprint at Papers,
. .
Tully, J. C. "Environmental Education From an
Industrial Perspective." Amencan ChemicaJ Society
Preprint of Papers. Division of Environmental Cfcem-
&fcy 34, no. 2 (August 1994): 203. Presented at the
208th ACS National Meeting, Washington, August
21-25,1994. [C][CS,3]
Vellaccio, Frank. "Making a Place for Environmen-
tally Benign Synthesis in the Introductory Chemistry
Curriculum: Is it a Moral imperative?" American
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, DMsion of
Environmental Chemistry 34, no, 2 (August 1994):
179. Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25, 1994. 101121
Zwaaid, A. W., H. P. W. Vermeeren, and
R deGekter. "Safety Education for Chemisliy
Students: Hazard Control Starting at the Source.
Journal of Chemical Education 66, no. 4(April 1989).
A1 12-A1 14. [Cl [F/R, Cat, T/R, 11
(August 1994): 194-197. Presented at the 208ttj
ACS National Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,
1994, [AH2] ..... '
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II. Less-Toxic Alternatives in •
Chemical Syntheses
II.A ALTERNATIVES TO PHOSGENE IN
INDUSTRIAL SYNTHESES
Waidman-, T., and W.McGhe'e "Isocyanates From
Primary Amines and Carbon Dioxide: 'Dehydration'
of Carbamate- Anions." Journal of the Chemical
Society-London, Chemical Communications (1994):
957-958. [A] .[F/R, CS, 3]
DePompei, M. F. "Non-lsocyanate Sealants."
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers,
Division of Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2
(August 1994): "393-394. Presented -at the ,208th ,
ACS National Meeting, Washington; August 21 -25,
1994. [BltELT.CS, 3]
Gargulak, J., and W. Gtadfelter. "Homogeneous
Catalytic Carbohylation of Nitroaromatics." Journal-
of the American Chemical. Society 1 1 6 (1 994):
8933-8495. [A] [Cat, Opt, 3] '
Komiya, Kyosuke, Muneaki Aminaka, Kazumi •
Hasegawa, Hiroshi Hachiya, Hiroshige Okamoto,
Shinsuke Fukuoka, Haruyuki Yoneda, Isaburo
Fukawa, and Tetsuro Dozono. "New Process for
Producing Polycarbonate Without Phosgene and
Methylene Chloride." American Chemical Society
Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental Chem-
istry 34, no. 2 (August 1994): 343-346. Presented
at the 208th ACS National Meeting, Washington,
August 21-25, 1994. [A] [F/R, CS, 3]
McGhee, W., ParvYi, and D. Riley. "Highly Selective
Generation of Urethanes from Amines, Carbon-
Dioxide, and Alkyl Chlorides." Journal of the Chem-
ical Society-London, Chemical Comrnunicatton&
(19941699-700. [A] [F/R, 3>
McGhee, William D., Mark Pater, Dennis Riley, Ken
Ruettimann, John Solodar, and ThornaiWakiman. •
"Generation of Organic Isocyanates From Amines,
Carbon Dioxide and Electrophilfc Dehydrating
Agents: Use of o-SuKobenzofc Add Anhydride/
American Chemicat Society Preprint of Papers*
• Division of Environments/ Chemistry 34, no. 2
(August 1994): 2^210. Presented at the 208th
ACS National Meeting. Washington, August 21-25r
1994., [A] [F/R, 3J ,
Riley, Dennis, William D. McGhee, and Thomas
Waidman. "Generation of Urethanes and Isocyan*
ates from Amines and Carbon Dioxide." In Benign
by Design: Alternative Synthetic Design for Pollution
Prevention, edited by Paul T. Anastas and Carol A.
Farris, 122-132. Washington: American Chemical .
Society, 1994. [A][F/R, CS, 3]
II.B SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE AS
AN ALTERNATIVE SOLVENT
Aresta, Michele. "Perspectives of Utilization of
Carbon Dioxide as a Building Block." American
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994):
31 6-319. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25, i 994.
[A] [F/Rt Cat; 3]
B.radley, David. "Solvents Get the Big Squeeze."
New Scientist -i 43 (6 August 1994): 32-35.
[C] [Sol, Cat, 2] /..;"';.-'•[. . \
Combes, J. R., Zhibin Guan, and John M. DeSimone.
"Homogenous Free-Radical Polymerizations
in Carbon Dioxide: Tetomerizations of
1,1-Difluoroethylene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide."
Macromo/eco/es27(1994): 865-867. [A] [Sol, CS, 2]
DeSimone, J. M., E. E. Maury, ZGuan, J. R. Combes,
Y. Z. Menceloglu, M. R. Claric, J. B. McClain, T. J.
Romack, and C. D, Mistele. "Homogeneous and
Heterogeneous Polymerization In Environmentally
Responsible Carbon Dioxide." American Chemical
Society Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental
Chemistry^, no. 2 (August 1994): 212-214.
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25, 1994. .[A] [Sol, CS, 31
DeSimone, John M., Zhibin Guan, and C. S. Eisbemd,
"Synthesis of Rubropolymers in Supercrftical Carbon
Dioxide." Science 257 (August 14, 1992): 945-947.
[AHSot, CS, 2]
Donohue, Marc D.t and Jennifer LGeiger.
"Reduction of VOC Emission During Spray Painting
Operations: A New Process Using Supercritical
Carbon Dtoxide." American Chemical Society
Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental
Chemistry 34, no. 2 {August 1994): 218r21 9.
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25, 1994. [Al [Sol, CS. 31
"Gassy Plastics." O/scover16, no. 6 (June 1995):
80.[A}[Sol,CS,1]
Resource List* 5
Augutt1999
-------
Guan. Zh,«n. and Jcnn M. DeS-mone. Fluo ocarbon-
Based Heteroohase Polymeric Materials -, *™*
Copoiymer Surfactants for Carbon Dioxide Appl.ca
(ions.' Macramo/ecu/es27(l994): 5527-5532.
(A] [Sol, 3]
Johnston K P. "Safer Solutions for Chemists."
lT March 1994): 187-188. [A] [Sol, 2]
P
"Environmentally Benign Oil-Water
intertactai Synthesis." American Chemical Society
Preprint of Papers, Division of-EnvironmentalChem-
fefr/34, no. 2 (August 1994): 238. Presented at the
208th ACS National Meeting, Washington, August.
21-25,1994. [A] [Sol, Cat, CS, 3]
Sawan Samuel P., Yeong-Tamg Shieh, and
jSSrii Su Evaluation of the Interactions Between
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and P°^f™ Materials.
Los Alamos National Lab Report #LA-«7™£"-
Available from the National Techn^l formation
Service, 5285 Port Royal Road. Spnngfield, VA,
22161, 703) 487-4650 ,or the Office of SoeoMto^and
Ttohn&fltal Information, P-O; Box 62, Oakndge,
TN 37831, (615) 576-8401. [Cl [Sol, CS, 31
Tanko, James M, Joseph F.
Sadeghipour. "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a
Medium tor Conducting Free-Radic* FtaMbons. Irr
Benign by Design: Alternative Syndetic Des^ tar
Pollution Prevention, edited by PaulT. Anastas and
Carol A-Farris, 98-1 13. Washington: American
ChernicalSoclety, 1994. [AUSol,21
Tanko, James M., KamrudJn N. Suteman.
Glenn A. Huh/ey, Anna Par
-Solvent Pressure Effects i
A Selectivity Inversion in Free ^
Induced by Solvent." Journal of th0 A/nencan
. Ctwteal Society US (1993^4520-452^
[A][Cat, Opt, 3]
DavidMo
Carol Bums,
Burk. and
Environmental Cherristrya*
211. Presented at the 208tti
Washington, August 21-25,
IIC D-GLUCOSE AS AN ^
' ALTERNATIVE STARTING MATERIAL
DelF K A and J. W. Frost. "Identification and
Removal of Impediments to Biocatalytic Synthesis of
Aromatics from D-Glucose: Rate-Liming Enzymes ^
. in the Common Pathway of Amino Acid Biosynthesis. .
Journal of the American Chemical Society 115
(1993): 11581-11589. [A] {Cat, Opt, 3]
Draths, K. M., and J. W. Frost. "Conversion of
D-Glucose into Catechol: The Not-So-Common
Pathway of Aromatic Biosynthesis." Journal of the
American Chemical Society 113 (1991): 9361-9363.
[A] [Cat, Bio, 3]
Draths, Karen M., and John W. Frost, ^nviron-
' mentally Compatible Synthesis of Adipic Acid from
D-Glucose/ Journal of the American Chemical
Society 116 (1994): 399-400. [A] [F/R, Cat, Bio, 3]
Draths, Karen M., and John W. Frost. "Microbial
Biocatalysis: Synthesis of Adipic Acid; from
D-GIucose/ in Benign by Design: Alternative
Synthetic Design for Pollution Prevention, edited
bv Paul T. Anastas and Carol A. Farris, 32-45.
Washington: American Chemical Society, 1994.
[AJ [F/R, Cat, Bio, Econ, 31
Draths, Karen M., Q. L Pompliano, D. L. Conley.
j W. Frost A. Berry, G. L. Disbrow, R. J. Stayersky,
and J. C. Lievense. "Blpcatalytic Synthesis oil
Aromatics from D-Glucose: The Role of Trans
lase/ Journal of the American <
(1992): 3956-3962: [Al [Opt Bio, 31
Draths, K. M., T. L Ward, and J. W. Frost
"Biocatalysis and Nineteenth-Century Organic
.Chemist^ Conversion of D-Glucose Into Qu.r.
Organtes/ Journal of the American Chemical Society
1-14(1992): 9275-9276. fJBl [F/R, Bfo, 21
Emsley.John. "A Cleaner Way to Make Nylon/
/vewSe/entfetl41 (12 March 1994): 15.
IA1IF/R. Bio, CS, 31
Frost, John W., and Jeff Lievense. "P^Pff; for
Btocatalytks Synthesis of Aromatics in the 21st
Century." New Journal.of Chemistry 18 (1994):
341-348. lAl [F/R, Cat, BlO, CS, Econ, 21
Frost, John. "Green Chemistry at Worte Products
Can Be Made From Glucose Instead of Benzene,
EPA Jouma/20, no. 3 (Fall 1994): 22-23.
[Aj [F/R. Cat Bto, 11
-------
II.D BIOCATALYS1S OR
BIOLOGICAL REAGENTS -
Anders, M.'W. "Designing Safer Chemicals: Role
of'Bioactivation in Chemical Toxicity." American
•Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental'Chemistry34, no. 2 (August 1994):
366-368. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,1994.
'[B] [T/R, CS, 3]
Bertini, Ivano, and Claudio Luchinat. "Biodegrada-
tion, Enzymes and Mechanisms.' American Chemh
cal Society Preprint of Papers, Division of Environ-
mental Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994): 352-354.
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25,1994. [A] [Cat Bfo, CS, 3]
Draths, K. M., and J. W. Frost. "Synthesis Using
Plasmid-Based Biocatalysis: Plasmid Assembly and
3-Deoxy-D-araft/no-heptulosonate Production."
Journal of the American Chemical Society 112
(1990): 1657-1659. [AJ [Cat, Opt, Bfo, 31
. Frost, John W., and Karen M. Draths.- 'DHS: A New
Intermediate for Oxychemical Synthesis." American
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental Chemistry^ no. 2 (August 1994):
225-226. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,1994,
[A] [F/R, Cat, Bto, 3) _
Glasser, Wolfgang G. "Structural Materials From
Naturally Occurring Polymers." American Chemical
Society Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental
C/jem/sfry34,no.2(August1994): 410, Presented
at the 208th ACS National Meeting. Washington,
August 21-25,1994. [Bl [Bto, CS, 3|
Hudlidcy,Tomas. ^kxatalytteCoiwerstonofHakK'
genated Aromatic Compounds to CaAohydrates and
Other Chiral SynthonsJ1 AmertawCrwnfc^SocfeJjf
Preprint of. Papers, DMston of Environmental Chem-
istry^, no.Z(Augostl994): 227. Presented at the
. 208th ACS NattonatMeeting, Washington, August
21-25,199*. [AJtCat, Bto, 3|
Marotta, SteprwitP.. and Rfcteid D. Sheardy.
"Mg2+/K+ Induced Saw-Assembly of G-Rldt DMA OI-
gomers Into High Molecular Weight Species." Ameri-
can Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994):
408-409. Presented at the 208m ACS National Meet-
ing, Washington, August21-25,1994. [BHCat. Bto; 3]
Rotman. David. "The Quest for Reduced Emissions.
Greener Processes." ChernJca/iyee/t153(7/14JuJy
1993): 117-118. [AHF/R. Bto. CS. 11
I.E DEVELOPMENT OF NEW,
NON-BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
Arzoumanidis, Gregory G., and Nicholas M.
Karayannis. "Fine-tuning Polypropylene."
Chemtech 23 (July 1993): 43-48. [A] [Cat, CS, 3]
Bao, Rong, W. Scott Dodson, Thomas C. Bruton,
and Yuzhuo Li. "New Applications of Photoiriduced
Redox Reactions on TiO2 in Organic Synthesis."
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers,
Division of Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2
(August 1994): 411-415. Presented at the 208th
ACS National Meeting, Washington, August 21 -25,
1994. [A] [Cat, CS, 3]
Bell, A.T., L E. Manzer, N. Y. Chen, V. W. Weekman,
L. L Hegedus, and C. J. Pereira. "Protecting
the Environment Through Catalysis." Chemical
Engineering Progress 91 (February 1995): 26-34.
[B]CaLT/R,CS,2]
Chynoweth, Emma. "Shaping Environmental Solu-
tions With Clay-Based Catalysts." Chemical Week
148 (26 June 1991): 57-58. [Bl [Cat, CS, 21
Clerici, M. G., G. Bellussi, and U. Romano.
, "Synthesis of Propylene Oxide From Propylene and
Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Titanium Sitealite."
Jou/TW/o/Caia/xsa 129 (1991): 159-167.
[Al[Cat,bpt,CS, 31
Clerici, Mario G., Patrizla Irigailina, and Luigi Rossi.
•Clean Oxidation Technologies: New Prospects in
the Epoxidation of Otefins." American Chemical
Society Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental
Cnemfetry 34, no. 2 (August 1994):-325-327.
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25,1994. [Al [Cat, CS, 31
Dartt, Christopher B,, and Mark E. Davis. "Catalysis
for Environmentally Ben^nProcessing." Industrial &
Engineering Chemistry Research 33^ no. 12 (1994):
2887-2899. [Al [Cat, CS, 31 ,
Dwyer,F.G., P.J. Lewis, and F.H. Schneider.
•Efficienti, NonpoUuting Ethyteenzene Process."
Chemical Engineering 83 (5 January 1976): 90-911.
PHCat.CS.31
" Eptthg. Gary A., and Qingxi Wang. "Preparative
Reactions Using Visible Light High Yields From
Pseuctoetactricochemical Transformation." \nBenign
by Design: Alternative Synthetki Design for Pollution
Prevention, edited by Paul T. Anastas and Carot A.
Farris. 65-75; Washington: American Chemical
Society, 1994. [AHF/R, Cat, Econ, 31
-------
, Joseph. '
Critical to Benign
Rotman David. "Successes Emerge in Search (or
Ser'pScesses." Chemical Week 1 51 (9 Decem
ber 1 992): 66. [A]. [Cat, CS, Econ, 2]
News 72, no. 7 (14 February 1994): 22-30.
[A] [Cat, CS, 11
Haoaln Joseph. -Catalytic Process Cuts Isobutene
no. 16 (18 April 1994): 5. [A] [Cat, OS, 3]
^
to Safer Chemicals, edited by Roger L.
Gand -Stephen C. DeVitc ^Wash,n^on:
African Chemical Society, scheduled tobePf-
nsrHtd in fail 1995. For infonnation, call the ACS at
(202)8724564. [BltT/R.21
'
Johnson, Roy, and'eany Sharply.
Asymmetric Epoxldatton of Altaic Alcohols. In
CataJytic Asymmetric Syntheses, edrted by I. Ojima.
• VCHInc.,1993. [AHOpt.21
. •Predicting Rates of Cytochrorhe.
P4Med Bioactivatkjn, and its Application to
inf ormatlon, ca!
[Bl[t/R,SAR,CS,3]
Tundo, Pietro, Carlos Alberto Marques
Selva "Selective Mono-Methylation of Arylaceton -
triles and Methyl Arylacetates by Oimethylcarbor,ate:
A Process Without Production of Waste." Amencan
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers DMStonof
Environmental Chemistry 34, no. .2 ^August 1994).
336-339. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25; 1 994.
[A] [Sol, CS, 3] '
IIP MISCELLANEOUS ALTERNATIVE ROUTES
AND ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS
-Applications of Electrochemical. Synthesis , 'of Organ-
4PShowPromfce.' Chemical W **»""* N*»S
63, no. 2 (14 January 1985): 29-31. [AJ [F/R,
Bolzacchinl, Ezto, Anna Maria Brarnbilla.
Ortandl, and Bruno Rlndone. The
With Dtoxygen." American Cherrocai ^y™^
^print of Papers. Division of Environmental Chemsty
34no. 2 (August 1994): 355X358. Presented at the
208th ACS National Meeting, Washington, August
21-25,1994. [A] [F/R, CS, 3]
(,a0dJ.J.Ma|. •App*aJk>ns
p^^
AE!^21-25.1994. PHCat.3].
Marizer, Leo E. 'Chemtetry and C?^
' Environmentally Safer r™**'*
Borman. Stu. 'Aromatic Amine Route L «....-..
nSS Safer." Chemk* & EnajneerirgNewsn,
no. 48 (30 November 1992): 26-27, [AHCS.31
But*. Robert R., and Takashl KashiwagL -Silfcones
and SBfcone Additives for Improved FImpertot-
mance." American ChemicalSodefy'Preprint of
Papers. P^^fff^pS^^e.
2^(ACSlNational'Meeting. Washington, August
21-25,1994. [AHEU,CS,3J
Chapman, OrvSlteL.
. _ _ *-__._I*»A e*%f»«fc«ui
r'iBvcriiM'wt «**««*^'~ **y
Farris, 144-154. Washington:
Society, 1994. [A] [Cat, Opt, 21
Maxwell, I. E., and J. E. Naber. -New and' •rnproved
Catalytic Processesifor Clean-Pueto. ^^L*8^
lifters 12 (1992): 105-116. [Al [F/R. Cat, CS, 3]
1994. tAl{F/R,CS,*Econ,31
-------
•Czekaj, C. L, K., A. High, G. H..Laule, and . ,, ...
L L. Phegiey. 'Waste Minimization and Elimination
in Industrial Process Chemistry: The Case of •_
Sulfolane." American Chemical Society Preprint of
Papers Division of Environmental Chemistry 34, no.
2 (Augusf 1994): 232-233. Presented at the 208th.
'ACS National Meeting, Washington D.C., August 21-
25, 1994. [II.FT. . •
DeVito^Stephen C. • "Designing Safer Nitrites."
In Designing Safer Chemicals, edited by Roger L.
Garrett and Stephen C. DeVito. Washington:'
American Chemical Society, scheduled to be pub-
: lished in fall 1.995. For information, call the ACS at
(202) 872-4564. [B] (T/R, SAR, 2] , .
DiCarlo, Frederic J. "Designing Safer Carboxylic
Acid." In Designing Safer Chemicals, edited by :
Roger L Garrett and Stephen C. DeVito. Washingr
ton: American Chernical Society; scheduled to be
published in fall 1995. For information, call the ACS
at (202) 872-4564. [Bl [EU, 21
Flam, Faye. "Laser Chemistry: The Light Choice.'
Science 266 (14 October 1994): 215-217.
[A][0pt,31
Haggin, Joseph. "New Processes Target Methanol
Production, Off-gas Cleaning." Chemical & Engi-
neering News 72/no." 13 (March 28,1994): 29-3T.
[A] [F/R, CS, 3} ,
Hall, Nina. "Chemists Clean Up Synthesis WHh One-
Pot Reactions " Science 266 (7 October 1994): 33-34.
. [A] [Sol, Cat, Opt, Bio, 31
Harris, N., M. W. Tuck, and Davy McKes. "Butanedlot
via Maleic Anhydride/ Hydrocarbon Processing€»r
no. 5 (May 1990):. 79-62. [A} [F/R, CS, "Econ, 3}
HendershoVDennis C. "Cheirtstty-The Kefc
to Inherently Safer Manufacturing Processes,"
'American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers^
Division of Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2
(August 1994V: 273-275. Presented at the 208th
ACS Natiorkl Meeting Washington, Augu3t21-25, .
1994. [CI[Sc4;CafcT/R,CSr3] •
Kraus, George&, MasayuWWrihaira, andYusheng
Wu. "APhotcx^emtealAttemativetotheFriedefc
Crafts Reaction." In Benign by Design: Alternative
Synthetic Design for Pollution Preventfoa edited?
by Paul T. Anastas and.Carol A, Farris»76-83i
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Misono, Makoto, and Toshio Okunara. "Solid ,
Superacid Catalysts." Chemtech 23 (November
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Nikles, David E., Alan M. Lane, Song Cheng, and
Hong Fan. "Pollution Prevention in the Magnetic
Tape Industry: Waterbome Coating Formulations
for Video Tape Manufacture." American Chemical
Society Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental
Chemistry 34, no. 2 (Augusf,1994): 417-418,
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August .2 1-25, 1994. [A] [Sol, EU, CS; 3]
Sheldon, Roger A. "Consider the Environmental
Quotient." Chemtech 24 (March 1 994); 38-46.
[C] [CS, "Econ, 31 ,
Sherrington, David C. Torymer-Supported Systems:
Towards Clean Chemistry?" Chemistry and Industry
no. 1(7 January 1 991): 15-19. [AHCatSl .
Sieburth, Scott McN. "Isosteric Replacement of
Carbon With Silicon in the Design of Safer Chemicals/
In Designing Safer Chemicals, edited by Roger L
Garrett and Stephen C. DeVito. Washington:
American Chemical Society, scheduled to be pub-
lished in fall 1995. For information, call the ACS at
(202)872-4564. [BHEU.3]
Snider, Barry B., and Bridget A. McCarthy. "Mn(lll)-
Mediated Hectrochemical Oxidative Free-Radical
Cydizations." In Benign by Design: Alternative
Synthetic Design for Pollution Prevention, edited
by Paul T. Anastas and Carol A. Farris, 84-97.
Washington: American Chemical Society, J994.
Stem, Michael £ "Nucieophillc Aromatic SubstiteJ-
tion for Hydrogen: New HaiWe-Free Routes for
Production of Aromatic Amines." \nBenignby
Design- Alternative Synthetic Design for Pollution
Prevention, edited by Paul T. Anastas andCarol A.
Farris; 133-143. Washington: American Chemical
Society, 1994.
Stem, Michael K., and Brian K. Cheng. "Amination
of Nitrobenzene .via Aromatic Substitution for Hydro-
gen: Direct Formation of Aromatic Amide Bonds"
Joumalof Organic Chemistry 58 (1993): 6883-,
6888. [A1I21
Stem. Michael K, Brian K. Cheng, Frederick D, •.
Hiteman, and James, M. Allmart "A New Route to 4-
Amlnodlphenylamlne via Nucieophillc Aromatic
Substitution for Hydrogen: Reaction of Aniline and
AzobenzeneJ* Journal of Organic Chemistry 59
(1994): 5627-5632. [A1CRR.2]
AuguM1995
13
-------
Stem, Michael K., Fredrick D. Hileman. and
James K.Bashkm. -Direct Coupling of Aniline and
Nitrobenzene: A New Example of Nucleoph He
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« Stinson, Stephen. "Cleaner Routes Found to Rubber
Anttozonants.' Chemical & Engineenng News 7i,
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Sundaresan, Sankaran, Michael Simpson, and
James Wei. "Alkylation of Isobutane With 2-Butene
Over Zeolites." American Chemical Society Prepnnt
of Papers, Division of Environmental Chemistry^,
ho. 2 (August 1994): 236-237. Presented at the
208th ACS National Meeting, Washington, August
21-25,1994. [A] [Cat, CS, 3],
Sundeff. Mats J., and Jan H. Nasman. "Anchoring
Catalytic Functionality on a Polymer. ^ernfecn a
(December 1993): 16-23. [A] [F/R, Cat, Opt, 31
Tanto. James M., and Joseph F. BJackert.. .
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Wilson, Sharon. Teroxygen Technology in the
Chemical Industry.' Chemistry and Industtyrn. 7
(4 April 1994): 255-258. [Al [F/R, 'Econ. 21
Zhang, Zhouyao, Min J. Yang, and Janusz
Pawlfezyn. "Solid-Phase Mfcroextraction:
Free Alternative for Sample Preparation/
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Bodor, Nicholas. "Design of Biologically Safer ^
Chemicals Based on' Retrometabolic Concepts.
\nDesigning Safer Chemicals, edited by Roger L
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lished in fall' 1995. For information, call the ACS at
(202) 872-4564. [B] U/R, SAR, CS, 3]
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Milne George W. A.* and Shaomeng Wang. 'Use of
ccK.^SS^l'SS^Un
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etv scheduled to be published in fall 1995. For
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PUT/R,SAR,CS,21
XS&S2S3£tt£Z&
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rjBl[Cat,SJm»31
Rotman. Davkt -Molecular Modeling Takes ori
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Stone J Eric, Paul T. Anastas, Stephen C. DeVitp.
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facture Notification Program: A Case Study -in . .
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Timbertake, Dennis L, and Rakesh Govind. "Expert
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Ainsworth, Susan . J.f and Ann M. Thayer. "Chemical
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Amato, Ivan. The Stow Birth of Green Chemistry.'
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c^ Chemical Society PreprM^Papoa, Division of
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Farrjs, Carol A.. Harold E. Podall, and PaulT.
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WSifiamsocv Tracy C.. and PaulT. Anastas.Incorpo-
rating Alternative Synthetic Pathway Design Into the
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Arnerican Chemical Society Preprint oi'Papers, DM-
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/5
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Dambach, Barry F.
Into Design for Environment (DfE).
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^
Garrett and. Stephen C
' Waaiiniyiuii. n«ti«i«»—• —• —
to be published in fat 1995.
ACS at (202) 872-4564. PI FJ/R.
Drexter,
I.EU.;
•Molecular Manufacturing: A
Joseph. -Principtee
DeSglifor Environment'
toctoty Sprint of Papen. Dt
Cftan^fty 34, no. 2 (August 1994):
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Hirschhom. Joel S. "Enabling
of Industrial Pollution Prevention." .
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no. 36 (5 September
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271-272. Pr
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Meeting. Washington. August2l-€S, 1994. iqiCS.31
Newman. Alan:
mental Scfence A Technology 28. no.
Newaome, Larry D.
•Reducing/——'
• In
be
o en*sodety, scheu
SlshS in fall 1995. For information. caB«Hi ACS
at (202) 872-4564. PI [T/R. EU, 31
Richman JackE. The Rational Design of /Active
Ste SysS- American Chemical Society Preprint
Tp^D^^Envi^rnenl^a^^
no 2(Auaust 1994): 404-407. Presented at the
S^t( J^Sutonal Meeting. Washington, August
21-25,1994. PI [Cat, CS. 3|
-------
Rotman. David. uChemi§is Map Greener Synthesis
Pathways." Chemical Week 153 (22 September .
1993): 56-57. [C] [CS, 2] .
Spitzer, Martin A. "EnvironmentalAccounting."
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers,
Division of.Environmental Chemistry.34, no. 2
(August 1994): -247, Presented at the 208th ACS
National Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,1994.
' [C] [Econ,'2] ' • ' ;
Trogler, William C., John D. Simon, and Harry Gray. f
"Integrating Environmental Chemistry Into Introductory
Chemistry for Majors and Nonmajors." American
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
' Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1394):
182. Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25,1994^ [C] [2] .
Trbst, Barry M. "the Atom Efficiency—A Search for
Synthetic Efficiency." Science 254 (Dec. 6,1991):
1471-1477. [A] [Opt, 2]
United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development. Guides to
Pollution Prevention: Research arid Educational
Institutions. EPA/625/7-90/010 Washington: EPA,
June 1990. (To obtain a free copy, cajl NCEPI,
513-891 -6561.) [C][1] .
Wallace, Michael J. "A Company Program to
Introduce Pollution Prevention (P2) Concepts
Into Chemical Process Development" Ame/fcan
Chemical Society Preprint of'Papers, Division of
Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994):
201-202. Presented at the 208th ACS National .
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,<1994,
[C][CS,2] .-•>••--•.--- ;--
Periodicals/Publishers
'ChemEcology - .
Chemical Manufacture** Association
2501 M Street NW
Washington, DC 2003F
(202) 887-123SK -.
Contains stories about industry pollution prevention
initiatives, current issues in.the policy arena, science
education, new technologies, and recent trends in the
environment, health, and safety field; It is published
nine times a year, with most of its 75,000 circulation
"going to educators for use in the classroom,- Other
subscribers include certain CMA member company
employees, government officials, environmental
inCerest groups/ and reporters.
Chemosphere ' •
ElsevierScience.lnc. . . . .
660' White Plains Road ... . • .
Terrytown, NY 10591-1513 -' :
(914),524-9200 ' , '
fax(914)333r2444 .
An international, multi-disciplinary journal written to.
cover issues pf environmental protection, health, and
safety. Critically reviews new areas of environmental
protectioa Covers new developments, current research,
books, meetirigs, industrial practices, and government
decisions. Articles under the topic "Environmental •
Chemicals and Analysis" will investigate composition
of industrial products, production, and synthesis of
chemicals and their properties. Audience includes
environmental scientists, chemists, chemical engineers,,
biologists, lexicologists. .-. ' _ •
Clean Fuels Report -V • ,
P.O. Box 649 - .
Niwot,CO 80544
(303)652-2632
A business and technical journal devoted to clean-
burning alternative transportation fuels. Covers
worldwide activities concerning compressed natural
gas, liquefied natural gas, propane, methane, methanol,
ethanol, biofuels, hydrogen, reformulated gasoline,
and electric vehicles. Each issue contains ah update of
government regulations pertaining to alternative trans-
portation fuels at the federal, state, and local levels.
The journal is published five times per year at $395.
Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry
Elsevier Science, Inc.
660 White Plains Road
Terrytown, NY 10591-1513
(914)524-9200
fax (914) 333-2444 •.'.'.
The official journal pf me Society of Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry. Geared toward professionals
in education, industry, and government who are con-
cerned about environmental toxicology and chemistty.
Contains integrative articles involving organic, environ-
mental and analytical chemistry; ecology; toxicology;
biology; and economics^ • ".•'..
RMOuraUsi'13
Augutt1995
-------
Online Services
j
° ctemicai Abstracts Serv.ce Source Index
Chemical Abstracts Service
P.O. Box 3012
2540 OSentangy River
Columbus, OH 43210-0012
$00) 753-4227
CCRIS •
Chemical Carcinogertesis Research
Information System
National Library of. Medicine- -
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(800) 638-8480
ENVIROFATE-
Environmental Fate
Chemical Information Systems, Inc.
810 Glen Eagle Ct, Suite 300
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1SHOW-
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Organic® in Water
' Chemical Information Systems, inc.
810 Glen Eagle Ct, Suite 300
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Toxicology, Occupatfonal.Medicine and
'.. Environmental Series Plus System-
Mlcromedex, Inc.
6200 S.Syracuse Way, Surte 300 .
Englewood, CO 80111-4740. -
,(800)525-9083-
Faculty Involved in •
Pollution Prevention ana Chemistry
ol Chemistry and Office of/Health & Safety
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, VA 22903
phone: (804)924-3512
e-mail: fac6q@virginia.edu
Thomas Dunn
Chemistry Department
1539 Chemistry Bldg.
University of Michigan •
'Ann Arbor, Ml 481 09-1 055
Phone:(313)764-7333
e-mail: tomozdun@umich.edu
. Sciences and Engineering
School of Public Health .
University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
CB#7400, 106 Rosenau Hall
Ghapel Hill, NC 27599-7400
phone: (919)966-1024
fax: (919)966-2583
e-mail: bilLglaze® unc.edu
SSh. Atmospheric, and P.anetary Sciences
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Building 54-1 312
. Cambridge, MA 02139
phone: (617)253-5081
fax: (617) 253-0354 .
e-mail: mmolinaamit.edu
-------
Steve Pedersen
Department of Chemistry ,
B84 Hildebrand 1460
University of California-Berkeley
Berkeley. CA 94720-1460
phone: (510) 642-9146
e-mail: pedersen@cchem.berkeley.edu
W.Harmon Ray '
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Wisconsin-Madison
-1415 Johnson Dr.
Madison Wl 53706
phone: (608)263-4732
e-mail: ray@engr.wisc.edu
Samuel P. Sawan
Department of Chemistry
University of Massachusetts, Lowell
One University Avenue.
Lowell, MA 08154-2881
phone: (508) 934-3680
fafc (508)943-3028
e*naik sawans9woods.uml.edu
AtecScranton
Department of Chemical Engineering
Michigan State University
A202 Engineering Building
East Lansing Ml 48824-1226
phone: (517) 353-3516
fax: (517)336-1105
e-mail: scrantonOegr.msu.edu
Leverett Smith •
, Department of Chemistry ,
Contra-Costa College
2600 Mission Bell Drive
San Pablo, CA 94806
phone: (510) 235-7800, ext. 389 .
Thomas Spird
Chemistry Department /
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08540
phone: (609) 258-3907
fax: (609) 258-6746
e-maii: spiro@chemvax.princeton.edu
James Tanko
Department of Chemistry
Virginia Tech r
107 Davidson HaJI
Blacksburg, VA 24061-0212
phone: (703)231-6687
Augu«199S
/f
-------
Organizations
American Chemical Society
1155 16th Street NW
Washington, DC 20036
phona: (202)872-4600
The Division of Environmental Chemistry in the
American Chemical Society (ACS) seeks to promote
research, disseminate information and improve educa-
tion and public awareness regarding chemistry of the
environment Symposium topics have inc! >d benign
synthesis/design for the environment ana . ..sign of
safer chemicals.
American Inst'rtuta of Chemists
SOlWythaSt
Alexandria, VA 22314-1917 .
phona: (703) 836-2090 ,
fax:(703)836-2091
e-mal: 76744.2677Ocompuseive.coni -
Th* American Institute of Chemists (AIQ is a non-
profit association that represents more than 5,O»
chemists, chemical engineers and biochemists. Mem-
bers keep* informed of developments in the chemical
field through the AIC publication The Chemist. At
moughnotdirectiyinvorvedwimpoUutionprevention,
AIC will refer inquiries regarding pollution prevention
In the chemistry field to an appropriate member.
Chemical Manufacturers Association
2501 M Street NW
Washington, DC 20037 .
phone: (202)887-1100
The Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)
requires all member companies to join the CMA-
sponsored Responsible Care Program, which includes
the pollution prevention code of management. t.MA s
mutual assistance program gives new members the
opportunity to link up with members who have been
successful in achieving their pollution prevention goals.
• K
National Microscale Chemistry Center
Merrimack College •
N. Andover, MA 01845
phone: (508) 837-5137 . •
fax: (508)837-5017
e-mail: msingrvarnerrirnack.edu
The mission of the National Microscale Chemistry
Center (NMC?) is to "implement the ideas of chiorucal-
use reduction, air-quality improvement, exposure
limitation, recycling, and waste reduction intoevery
diemical worker's and every students minlong.
NMC? has published numerous laboratory textbooks
and manuals for nucroscate organk and inprgainic
chemistry. Contact NMG1 for a list of publications.
Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association
1330 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20036
phone: (202)659-0060
the Synthetic Organk Chemkal Manufacturers Asso-
ciation (SOCMA) is currently developing a prc«ram
•modeledafterC3^'sResrx«s*teCareProgram. -
's version of Responsfcta Care will be deigned
spedfk to SOCMA's members.
-------
Matrix .
Themes:
I. Incorporating P2 into curricula
II. Less-toxic alternatives in synthesis
II.A. Alternatives to phosgene
II.B.' Supercritical CO,
II,C; D-Glucose
II.D. Biocatalysis/biological reagents
H.E.: Non-biological catalysts
II.F. Miscellaneous rbutesVchemicals
III. Computer/mathematical modeling
IV, P2-related programs ', •
V. Overviews/general discussion
Subject Classifications:
A = Alternative synthesis
B = Alternative chemical
C = Background info/gen, discussion
Audience Codes:
O Some elementary science
@ Undergraduate knowledge of science
® Advanced knowledge (faculty, etc.)
Content Classifications:
F/R Feedstock/Reactant
Sol Solvent
Cat Catalyst ,
Opt Optimization
T/R Toxkaty/Risk Assessment
SAR Structure-Activity Relationships
Bio Biological
Sim Computer Simulation
. EU End-Use
Economic • ,
CS Case Study ,
Ainsworth 4 Thayer
Anastas 4 Farrii
Ana*6w, Nkw, & D«Vtto
AmW« (1994; "Dotgning
And«rs(1994;"SAR».-If)
Appltoations of Electro.
Aresta
Arzoumanidis & Karayanni*
BaoetaJ.
i,.™—.^^—^^*—
Baumal
Bartlni & Luehinat
Bodor(1995)
Bodor(1984>
Bbethllng
Boizacchinietat,>
__B«^^BB«**«^«
Borman
Buch & Kashiwagi
Caray&Caray
Cavanaugh
Chynoweth
Augu*t199»
-------
Cleric!. Bellussi, & Romano
nielrici, Ingallina, & Rossi
••••"•
Combes, Guan, A DeSimone
Czekaj et al.
DeSimone et ai.
DeSimone, Guan, & Elsbemd
DeVKo (1995; "Designing...")
"General...")
DeVUQ fl99S; "Using SABS.-")
C I F/R ' Sol CatidptlT/BSSARJ
u^u.^ A Frost (1991) "-C
Df«th»&Ffost(1990) »^_
Dnrth« & Frost (1994; "Environ...") U.C_
Dralhs & Frost (1994; "Mterob^")* »•<
Dntth»et«l.
Dr»thstW>fd,&l
tf
f, Uwl«t & Schneider
femsley
Epllng & Wang*
Farrts, Podall,
Ftem (1994;
Frost 'It
Frost
Gargulak & Gladfefter
Garret*
Garmtt & DeVito
1S«RwoureaUtt
AuguKiaes
-------
Sot Cat; Opt i TVR SARj Bio ,i Sim EU
CS
Gassy Plastics."
Guan & DeSimorre
Haggin (1994; "Cat Critical
Haggin (1994; "Cat Gains...")
Haggin (1993; "Cat. Process ...")
Haggin (1994; "Direct...")
Haggin (1994; "New,..")
Hancock & Cavanaugh
Harris, Tuck, i McKee
—
Hendershot
Hendrickson
Hirschnorn
Illman (1993)
Illman (1994)
Jacobson &WUlingham
Johnson & Sharpless
Keoleian 4 BulWey
•
Komiyaetat.
Krau»,Kirihara,&Wu
Lee, Garces, &
Marotta & Shaardy
Maxwall & Nab«r
McGhee.Yi.&RUey
MeGha««ta|.
MilrM&Wang
Misono & Okuhara
RMOUIC*U«t>19
Augut19flS
-------
'T/R !SAR! Bio! SimiEU CS
Mittelman etal
Moss & Kent
Newman
Newsome, Nabholz, & Kim
Nikies et at.
—
Rlchman
Rltey, McGhee, & Waldman
Rotman (1993; "Chemists...")
Rotman (1991)
Rotman (1990)
Rotman (1992) *
Rotman (1993; "The Quest .„")
Sawan, Shieh, & Su
Sheldon *
_
Sharrington
Stoburth
Singh, Plte, & Saafran
SIorv», AnaaUw, & DeVfto
Snitter & McCarthy
StalnfaW & B«m
Stem&Chtng
Stem «t al.
Sum, Hltoman, &
V««««B«*"**«>H
Stinson
Sund«ll 4 Nasman
Szafran. Singh, & Plk»
Tanko anil Blackart
&§ad«ghipour U.B
\\3
IV
Tankortal.
Thay«r
Tlmb«rtak» & Govind
-------
'. • Theme
Trogler, Simon, and Gray V
Trost , . V
Tully ... 1
Tumas et al. H.B
f undo, Marques, and Selva 11.-E
U. S. EPA and NSF IV
U.S. EPA V
Veith, De Foe, and Knuth l»
Vellaccio 1
Waldman and McGhee H.A
Wallace V
Watts IV
Williamson and Anastas IV
W1l«on* B.F
a — : . . . . .
Zhan$ Yang, and Pawiiszyn H.F
Zwaart, VenrMMsren, and d« Geldef 1
' A
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-------
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-------
Pollution' Prevention
in Chemistry
EDUCATION
Annotated Bibliography of Chemistry-
Related Pollution Prevention Sources
Prepared by'Keltic. DuBayand Jason Schweitzer, NPPC Research Assistants',
under the direction of Thomas Dunn, Professor, Department of Chemistry;
Gregory A. Keoleian, Assistant Research Scientist, School of Natural Resources
' and Environment; and Nancy A. Osborn, 'Publications Manager, NPPC
[Bracketed information indicates the -corresponding section in the Chemistry
Compendium Resource list.]
Ainsworth, Susan J., and Ann M. Thayer. "Chemical
Manufacturers Welcome Challenges of Product
Stewardship." Chemical & Engineering News 72,
no. 42 (17 October 1994): 10-31. [IV]
•Provides a detailed review of the chemical industry's
implementation of the product stewardship code from
die Chemical Manufacturers Association's Responsible
Care Program. Discusses industry initiatives to ana-
lyze product life cycles with involvement from suppli-
ers, employees, and customers. A section on greener
products and processes specifically addresses alterna-
tives to toMC substances in manufacturing.
Amato, Ivan. The Stow Birth of Green Chemistry."
Science 259 (12 March 1993): 1538^1541. [IVJ
Discusses chemists' role in environmental protection
through:the discipline of environmental chemistry.
Examines the historical reasons why the chemistry
community has not embraced this field. Also touches
on the relationship between the National Science Foun-
dation and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
in promoting greeachemistry reisearch,
Anastas, PautT- "Barton by Design Chemistry* In
Benign by Designs Alternative Synthetic Design for
Pollution Prevention edited by Paul T; Anastas and
Carol A. Farris, 2-22. Washington: American
Chemical Society, 1994; [VJ .
Provides a thorough introduction to me concepts of
'pollution prevention, benign-by-desigs chemistry, and
the important role die synthetic chemist plays in envi-
ronmental protection^
Anastas, Paul T., and Carol A. Farris, eds. Benign
by Design: Alternative Synthetic Design for Pollution
Prevention. American Chemical Society Symposium
Series, no. 577. Washington: American Chemical
Society, 1994. [V]
Developed from symposium sponsored by the Division
of Environmental Chemistry at the 206th national
meeting of the American Chemical Society, mcluded in
this book are original papers on benign chemistry that
discuss toob for assessment •
Anastas, PaufT., J. Dirk Mies, and Stephen C. DeVito.
"Computer-Assisted Alternative Synthetic Design for
Pollution Prevention at the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency." in Benign by Design: Alternative .
Synthetic Design for Pollution Prevention, edited
by Paul T: Anastas and Carol A. Farris, 16&-184.
Washington: American Chemical Society, 1994. {Ill]
Provides a comparison between three programs
(CAMEO, LHASA, and SYNGEN) designed to assist
in identification of benign synthetic pathways to
commercial chemicals. :
Anders, M.W. 'Designing Safer Chemicals: Role
of Bioactivation in Chemical Toxicity." American !
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers; Division of
Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994>:
366-368. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,1994* [II.D]
Defines both receptor-and bioactivation-dependent
toxicity and describes several mechanisms of the latter.
Discusses the implications of safer chemical production
based on the manipulation of bioactivation reactions.
National PoHution Pmv**on c««w teHigftw Education-1Jniwiity crt.MkShigtn
y.AnnArOcirMI48109t-111S
AnnrtattdBibHographyl
August 1995
-------
Anders. M. W, -Structure-Activity Relationships of^
Haloalkanes." American Chemical Society reprtn
of Papers, Division of Environmental chf™y(^>
no 2 (August 1994): 377-378. Presented at the
208th ACS National Meeting, Washington, August
21-25 1994. [IH]
n«»- • musses generalizations, about the relationship,
' bTtween'ihe structure and metabolism of haloalkanes,
specificallv monohalomethyt, dihalomethyl, and
trihalomethyl groups.
flews 63, rio. 2 (14 -January 1985): 29-31. 0I.F] ,
Explores the synthesis of ethylene glycol, explosives,
^T.±s and food additives through electrochemical
en
'Q[UVIUUL1W»M * * •••—j — - -
sb is that new processes often kci^ «~~ --"-?'.
generate less waste while providing high selectivity.
ArasfeMleheta. "Perspectives of Utilization of Carbon
•^SUS^^S2-
Washington, August 21-25,1994. [II.B]
Discusses the advantages of using carbon dio3^f
"rovWeTevaluation criteria, present and future uses
of carbon dioxide, and new synthetic procedures.
Artens,E.J. DrugDtsign. New York: Academic -
Press, 1980. IV]
The toxlcity associated with every aspect oijrug. _
design is discussed using several examples of pesticides
— a life cycle assessment of drug manufacturing;
' Aaoumanidis, Greyly, ami N^
"Fine-tuning Poryprppylen< Chemtecft 23 (July 1993).
43-48. III.E] • "
-innovations in polyolefm catalysis for
., „ _r ^nunertial isotactic bolvpropyl
Bao, Rong, W. Scott Dodson, Thomas C. Bruton,
and Yuzhuo Li. "New Applications of Photoinduced
Redox Reactions on TiOa in Organic Synthesis.
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers,
Division of Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2
(August 1994): 411-415. Presented at the 208th
' ACS National Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,
1994. [II.E]
Describes a simple new method for photoinduced
transformations of organic compounds using participate
semiconductors as catalysts, specifically reductions
of nitro compounds to hydroxylamines and azido.
compounds to amintts.
Baumel, Irwin P. "Design of Safer Chemicals-
An EPA Goal." Drug Metabolism Reviews 15, no. 3
(1984): 415-424. [Ill]
Explains in detail what structure-activity relationships
are and how their evaluation is'relevant to the reduction
of environmental burdens in chemical manufacrunng.
Presents reviews of some EPA-funded projects that
focus on structure-activity relationships.
Bell A T., L E. Manzer, N. Y. Chen, V. W. Weekmart,
L UHegedus,andC.J.Pereira. "Protecting the
Environment Through Catalysis." Chemical Engineer-
ing Progress W (February 1995): 26-34. [II.E]
Provides examples of novel catalytic technologies
designed to produce chemicals and fuels that are less
harmful to the environment This article addresses safer
. products, toxic materials management waste minimiza-
tion, fuel reformulation, and air pollutant control.
Bertini, Ivano, and Claudio Luchinat
Enzymes and Mechanisms." Amen
Society Preprint of Papers, Division - -----
cSlry 34, no. 2 (August 1994): 352-354,
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting.
Washington, August 21-25,1994. [II.D]
Discusses the implications of enzymatic mechanisms for
SSSU---52SSEK
Examines the four generations ot«mmerewil~.ji'*-r/ '-,,.«« rhomi.
i*n* eatilvsts the fourth of which generation possesses Bodor jsjjcnotas, "Design of Biologically Saier unarm-
environmental benefit such as "full exploitation ofthe ^ RetrometabOlic Concepts." In Design-
SlvlnS^porymertoticmprocess.'- Includes industrial JJ-^ Crtflmfcate, edited by Roger L. Garrettand
examples of catalyst support preparation. suwhan C. DeVitO. Washington: American cnerra-
ng a ,
Stephen C.DeVrto. Washington: An«r«aiCherr«-
scheduled to be published in fall 1995.
the ACS at (202) 872-4564,
2. Annotated BltoHognpny
-------
Bodof, Nicnolas. 'Soft Drugs: Principtes and
Methods for the Design of Safe Drugs." Medicinal ,
,Hesearc/7flewews4,-no.4.(1984): 449-469. [ill]
Discusses processes that optimize structure-activity
and structure-metabolism relationships and presents
case studies and background information on the evolu-
tion of "soft" drugs. .'
Boethling, Robert S, "Designing Biodegradable .
Chemicals." In Designing Safer Chemicals, edited
by Roger L.Garrett and Stephen C. DeVito.
Washington: American Chemical Society, scheduled
to be published in fall 1995. For information on .
publication date, call the ACS at (202) 872-4564. [V]
Bolzacchini, Ezio, Anna Maria Brambilla,
Marco Orlandi, and Bruno Rindohe. The .
Bis(Salycilideneimino)Ethylenecqbalt(ll)-Cataiyzed
Side Chain Oxidation of Lignin Model Compounds
With Dioxygen," American Chemical Society Preprint
of Papers; Division of Environmental Chemistry 34,
no. 2 (August 1994): 355-358. Presented at the
20fth ACS National Meeting, Washington, August
21-25,1994. [II.F]
Discusses the problems of current pulp and paper
chlorine bleaching processes and describes an alterna-
tive bleaching process that uses a metal-centered system
and dioxygen. The by-products of this alternative
process are examined with a lignin model.
Borman.Stu. "Aromatic Amine Route Is Environ-
mentally Safer." Chemical & Engineering News 70,
no. 48 (30 November1992): 26-27. [11.FJ : ,
Describes a new reaction for producing two
intermediates in the production of rubbe? antioxidants:
4-nitrodiphenylamine and 4^rdtrosodiph«nylanune
This new reaction generates less halogenated waste.
Bradley, David. "Solvents Get the Big Squeeze/
New Scientist "(43 (SAugust 1994): 32-35. |1I.B1
A report on advance* in green chemistry achieved
. through the use of supercritical fluids (SCFs). Dis-
cusses the properties, applications, arid environmental
benefits of SCFs, particularly wa*er> carbon didxide>
randxerion;. Examines me work that J. DeSimone and
M. Poliakpff have done with supercritical COj. Provide*
an easy-to-understand history and explanation of
supercritical fluids.' .
•Such, Robert R., and Takashi Kashiwagi. "Stlicones
and Silicone Additives for Improved Fire Performance." ,
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers,
Division -of Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2
(August 1994): 277-279. Presented at the 208th
ACS National Meeting, Washington, August 21 -25, ,
1994. [II.F] . :
Examines the problems of halogen-based .fke retardant
.agents currently used in the plastics industry: Provides
a ,listing of alternative fire retardants and discusses the
benefits of silicpne additives.
Carey, Francis A., and Andrew F. Carey. ."Environ-
mentally Benign Synthesis in the Introductory Organic
Chemistry Lecture Course.* American Chemical
" Society Preprint of Papers, Division of •Environmental.
Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994): 180. Presented
at the 208th ACS National Meeting, Washington,
August 21-25, 1994. [I] . ; .
Addresses the shortcomings of traditionat introductory
organic chemistry courses in relation to environmental
concerns. Points out that real-world issues involving
economics and ethics in synthetic design may have a
place in these courses.
Casanova, Joseph. "Computer-Based Molecular
Modeling in the Curriculum." Journal of Chemical
Education 70, no. 11 (November 1993): 904-909.
[HIJ
.Provides a historical background of computer-based
molecular modeling in structural chemistry and .
examples of computational exercises for an organic
chemistry course. Describes the "early stages of
routine use of theory to predicfljxucture and chemical
behavior for classroom use from computer-based
methods." "
Cavanaugh, Margaret A. "NSFs Environmental
Research in the Chemical Sciences: Environmen-
tally Benign Synthesis and Processing Program."
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers,
Division of Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2
(August 1994): 224. Presented at the 208th ACS
National Meeting, Washington, August 21-25, 1994.
Provides a quick review of various research programs
funded by the National Science Foundation mat target
the reduction of toxic chemical*.
Annotated BiWogmphy * 3
August 1995
-------
Chapman, Orvrtle L. The University of California.
Los Angeles Styrene Process." In Benign by Design.
Mernatlve Synthetic Design for Pollution P^vention,
edited by Paul Anastas and Carol Farris, ll^120;
Washington: American Chemical Soc.ety, 1994. [II.F]
Describes the UCLA-styrene process: replacing benzene
SB mixed xylenes. The author.states that thus process
is more efficient and economical than an existing sty-
m process threatened by a possible ban on benzene.
Chynoweth, Emma. "Shaping
tfons With Clay-Based Catalysts.
148 (26 Jurief 1991): 57-58. [II.E]
Discusses replacement of Fnedel-Crafts catalysts with
L toxic clay-ba^ catalysts. *™ ?*?£«*£
catalysts as well as zeolites are examined along with
industrial acceptance of the new catalysts.
c A "Evalua&n of the Molecular Design
sm RevtewsAS. nos. 5 & 6 (1984). 997-
1009.
.
Discusses the use of molecular design principles m ^
LdesignofsafersyntheticdyeS,specificallyazodye9.
due to tSir toxic synthesis. Calls for the less to«c
compounds, risk reduction activities, and I"**"
of the limitations associated with the molecuUr ^design
approach when developing alternative substances.
, M. Q, a Btllussl, and.U.
From
Combes, J. R., Zhibin Guari, and John M..DeS.rnone.
"Homogenous Free-Radical Polymerizat.ons in Carbon
Dioxide- Telomerizations of 1,1-Oifluoroethy ene in
• Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.' Macrornolecales 27
(1994).: 865-867. [II.B] • •
This paper explains the use of supercritical carbon
dioxide as a replacement for CFC-based *° ven* £ *<
homogenous free-radical polymerizations of fluonmated
acrylic and styrenic monomers.
Czekai C. L., K. A. High, G. H. Laule, and L. L
Pheg2y. "Waste Minimization and Elimination ,n
' industrial Process Chemistry: The Case of Sulfolane,
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, ,
Division of Environmental Chemistry!* no 2 _
(August 1994): 232-233. Presented at the 208th
ACS National Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,
1994. [II.F]
Introduces the benefits of sulfolane but alsd addresses
the waste generation problems associated with its
production. Discusses current research to understand
reactions which occur during the hydrogenation step,
creating liquid and solid by-products.
Dambach, Barry F. Translating Industrial Ecology
Into Design for Environment (DfE).' American
Chemical Society Preprint of Papersvftvwan.of
environmental Chemistry*, no..2iguajj1994).
239-242. Presentedatthe208thACSNat.onal
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,1994. [VI
Provides a good background on &e concepts of des^n
FortheenvSonmentandindustrialecology. Presents
applications of these concepts witninAT&T.
Dartt Christopher B.,
°
. Davis. "Catalysis
Musm ,&
. 12 (1994).
1(1991): 159^-167.
This paper examines thecatalyti
nium s'.tcalite (TS-l) in several q^s
^te.Thedatas&^beuseMinoptin^^8i^- ^gineering
t lh j" ^.^Aj^Mtf T»«*4«jfaMta
-------
Dell .K A and J. W. Frost. "Identification and
Removal of Impediments to Biocatalytic Synthesis of
Aromatics from D-Glucose: Rate-Limiting Enzymes _.
in the Common Pathway of Amino Acid Biosynthesis
Journal of the American Chemical Society 115 (1993):
11581-11589. [H.C]
One challenge confronting microbial aromatic amino
acid biosynthesis from D-glucose is the rateTlimiting
' effects of common pathway enzymes. In this paper,
the authors Identify several rate-limiting enzymes and
describe techniques that can be used for their removal.
DePompei, M.F. "Non-lsocyanate Sealants.'
. American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers,
Division of Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2
(August 1994)* 393-394'. Presented at the 208th -
ACS National Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,
1994."[II.-AJ >
Provides a brief introduction to the chemistry of
ac*oacetate based sealant-adhesives developed by
Tnjmcolnc. Includes a review of environmental
priblems associated with isocyanate.sealants.
t ' • ''•'-.
DeSimone, J. M., E. E. Maury, Z. Guan, J. R. Combes,
Y Z Menceloglu, M. R. Clark, J. B. McClain, T. J.
Romack, and C. D. Mistele. 'Homogeneous and
Heterogeneous Polymerization In Environmentally
Responsible Carbon Dioxide." American Chemical
Society Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental
Chemistry^, no. 2 (August 1994): 212-214,
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting;
Washington, August 21^25,1994. [11.8}
. Discusses the preparation of fluoropdlymers in super-
critical fluids as opposed to CFC* Provides a brief
- overview of homogeneous and heterogeneous k**^'
radical polymerization studieswith supercritical GO* •
DeSlmone, John M., ZWbinQuan, aridC;
-Synthesis of Ruocdpofymers in Supercritk^Carbori
Dioxide.' SderK*25t (Aug. 14,1992): 945-947. DIB]
This paper explain*Aeiise of supercriticalcarbon
dioxide as a replacement for CFC-based solvents in
the hompgenou»(5««adkai pplymerizatiorB o£
.". fluorimated acrylic and styrenic monomer*;
DeVito, Stephen C, "Designing Safer Nrtnles.'. In ...
Designing Safer Chemicals, edited by .Roger Garrett
and Stephen DeVito.-Washington: Amencan Chem-
ical Society, scheduled to be published in fall 1995.
For information, call ACS at (202) 872-4564. [».F] •
DeVito, Stephen C. "General Principles for the
Design of Safer Chemicals: lexicological Consider-
ations for Chemists." \nDesigningSaferChemicals,
edited by Roger Garrett and Stephen DeVito:
Washington:. American Chemical Society, scheduled
, to be published in fall 1995. For information, call the
ACS at (202) 872-4564. [V] '_..._
DeVito, Stephen C. "Using Structure^Activrty
Relationships for the Design of Safer Chemicals."
In Designing Safer Chemicals, edited by Roger
Garrett and Stephen DeVito. Washington: Amencan
Chemical Society, scheduled to be published in
fall 1995. For information, call the ACS at
(202) 872-4564. [Ill]
DiCario, Frederic J. 'Designing Safer Carboxylic
Acid.' In Designing Safer Chemicals, edited by
Roger Garrett and Stephen DeVito. Washington:
American Chemical Society, scheduled to be
published in fall 1995. For information, call the
ACS at (202) 872-4564. {II.FJ
Donot?ue, Marc D., and Jennifer L. Geiger.
"Reduction of VOC Emission During Spray Painting
Operations: A New Process Using Supercritical Car-
bon Dioxide.' American Chemical Society Prepnnt
of Papers, Division of Environmental Chemistry 34,
no. 2 (August 1994): 218-219. Presented at the
208th ACS National Meeting. Washington, August
21-25,1994. [II.B1
Describes the replacement of organic solvents in paint
formulations witfi supercrijdcal COr Although spray
atomization viscosity is reduced, the authors note that
existinglimitations merit further^investigation.
Draths, K. M., and J. W. Frost -Conversion of
D-Glucos»intoCatechol: The Not-So-Common
Pathway of Aromatic Biosynthesis,- Journal of the
American Chemical Society 113 (1991): 9361-9363,
[II.C1
Describes a biocatalytic route to catecholthat does not
use the high temperatures* caustic solutions, metals,
and^^peroxides typically employed to catechol synthesis.
Annotattd Bitttognpfty • f
Augu*t 1895
-------
s K M and J. W. Frost. "Synthesis Using
P,asm^ased Biccatalysis: Plasmid Assembly and
S-Oeoxy-D-araWno-heptulosonate Production.
Journal of the American Chemical Society 112
(1990): 1657-1659. [II.D]
The authors report their success in localizing the genes
encoding transketdlase and DAHP synthase to a single
plasnud; the result is an E: :oli. strain t*"4^™9^
substantially elevated levels of DAH and DAHP. The*
- „:* single-step plasmid-based biocatalysis has advan-
K over traditional multistep enzymatic synthesis
I may have implications for biosynthenc routes that
use D-glucose.,
r>G!ucose." Journal of the menca Chemical
Society 116 (1994): 399-400. [II.C]
into adipic acid. «*»»»«• —r-—
i greenhouse gases are not generated, and
1 temperatures and pressures are needed.
«^^^SSj£-
mBenSnbyDes/gn: Alternative Synthetic Design
for Pollution Prevention, edited by Paul T. Anastas
and Carol A. Farris, 32-45. Washington: American
Chemical Society, 1994. [II.C]
»'research in developing
n .
However, economics may be a
industrial acceptance.
** I I '
Draths, K. M./D.LPo^Oai^aLConfey.J.W. Frost-
G- L. Disbrow, a J. Staversky, and J. C,
-B
D glucc«
? JTconverVinto a^matic
Draths, K. M.. T. L Ward, and J. W. Frost. Bwca-
talysis and Nineteenth-Century Organic Chemistry:
Conversion of D-Glucose Into Quinoid Organics.
Journal of the American Chemical Society 114
(1992): 9275-9276. [II.C]
Quinoid organics such as quinic acid, benzoquinone, •
and hydroquinone can now be derived from D-glucose,
a non-toxic feedstock derivable from renewable
resources such as cornstarch and biomass.
Drexler, Eric K. "Molecular Manufacturing: A
Sustainable Basis for Global Wealth." Leaders _
(October/November/December 1993): 9&-99. M
Molecular manufacturing (also known as nanotechno-
lo'iv) may provide new avenues for reducing the envi-
ronmental burdens of chemical syntheses and greatly
improve the efficiency of existing alternative energy
sources (such as solar energy). This.paper is a bnef
overview of the history, potential, and current develop-
ments in the field of molecular manufacturing.
Dwyer, F., P. Lewis, and F. Schneider. "Efficient;
Non-Polluting ^^n^ze^^^s^Pilhe,TlS
Engineering 83 (5 January 1976): 90-91. [IKE]
Describes the alkylation of benzene with ethylene to
make ethylbenzene using a newly developed, solid,
non-Friedel-Crafts catalyst. The process has the advan-
tages of more efficient energy usage, simpler design,
lower cost, and reduced environmental burden.
•A Cleaner Way to Mate Nylon."
ranrocKpniw 141 (12 March 1994): 15. IJI.CI
Describes the work of Frost and prathsonme synthesis
of adipic add from D-glucose and ite i»Pu^™f"
nylon production. Compared to synthesis from ben-
zene adipic add production via biocatalytic pathways
requires less fossil fuel and generates less nitrous oxide.
I Gary A., and Qingxi Wang. "Preparative
l,«ary«.. _ __ f ^^ High Yields From
sformatkwv' In Benign
Synthetic i
.
two-fold increase in the con
amplifying catalytic levels of transketolase.
Prwoo. e« .
Farris, 65-75. Washington: American Chemical
Society, 1994. [II.E1
Discusseshow dye catalysts and photbcatalyste can be
^^thetJtransfonnations to avoid heavy metal
pollution from toxic metal oxidants. These tjrpes ot
catalyses often lead to reductions in cost toxoty, and
quantity of reactants.
6*
Augu*H995
-------
Farris, Carol A., Harold E. Podall, and Paul T. .. ;
Anastas. "Alternative Syntheses and Other Source
Reduction Opportunities for Preman'ufacture Notifica-
tion Substances at the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency." \nBenignbyDesign: Alternative Synthetic
Design for Pollution Prevention, edited by Paul T. ,,'
Anastas and Carol A. Farris, 157-165. Washington:
American Chemical Society, 1994. [IV] ,. • - •
This paper describes EPA's assessment methodology
• for new chemical substances.losing Premanufacrure .
Notifications. Methodology includes evaluation of
feedstocks, solvents, by-products, and impurities .to
identify opportunities to reduce or eliminate potential
waste streams.
Fiksel, Joseph. 'Principles of industrial Ecology
and Design for Environment." American Chemical
Society Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental
Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994): 243-246.
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21 -25,1994. [V] ;
RelaW the concepts of IE and DfE more closely to
chemistry and the activities of chemists. Describes DfE
practices and environmental metrics, an important tool
for establishing DfE infrastructure;
Flam, Faye., "EPA Campaigns for Safer Chemicals."
Science 265 (9 September 1994): 1519. [IVJ
Discusses the EPA's "Designing Safer Chemicals" pro-
gram, which promotes research on chemical tenacity
to aid the redesign of compounds to decrease environ-
mental burden. Techniques used in drug design are
described as feasible approaches to novel design of
chemical substitutes. This article emphasizes the need
for chemists to understand toxicology and synthesis.
Flam, Faye. MLas«r Chemistry: TheUght Choice."
Science 266 (14OctOb« 1994): 215-217. 0>-F]
Despite past frustrations in laser-controlled chemistry,
the lure of increasedeffitieney and decreased waste ,
has led to continued research in this are& This article
. examines the principle of laser-controlled reactionr
and describes advancesin this technique using simple
. molecules, such as HOD. • -.
Frost, Joha W., and Jeff Lievense. Prospects for Bio-
catalytic Synthesis of Aromatics in the 21 st Century."
New Journal of Chemistry 18 (1994): 341-348. [U.C]
Biocatalytic syntheses of indigo and quinoid organics ,
from D-glucose are discussed in relation to currently
employed industrial chemical routes. Background in-
formation on biocatalysis is presented as well as a con-
"cise discussion of the cost-effectiveness of biosynthesis.
*
Frost, John W., and Karen M. Draths. "DHS: A New •
Intermediate for OxychemicaJ Synthesis.* American,
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994,):
-225-226. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,1994. [II.D]
Provides an introduction to research into new routes to
various aromatic pxychemicals that involves the con-
version of glucose to 3-dehydroshikimate. Discusses
the single-step biocatalytic conversion route to catechol.
Frost, John. 'Green Chemistry at Worte Products
Can Be Made From Glucose Instead of Benzene.'
EPA Jouma/20, no. 3 (Fall 1994): 22-23. [II.CJ
Provides a short but thorough introduction to the
problems of using benzene in chemical production-
Describes new technology that employs biocatalysis as
a method for green chemical manufacturing. Focuses
on using glucose as a starting material in the synthesis
of products traditionally derived from benzene.
Gargulak,J.,andW.GIadfelter. ^Homogeneous
Catalytic Carbbnylation of Nitroarornatics." Journal
of the American Chemical Society KB (1994):
8933-8495.111^ , . -.
Another alternative route to isocyanates is me catalytic
carbonylation of rutroaromatic compounds. This paper .
is a thorough investigation into the kinetics and reaction
mechanism of one particular Rhutheniunvbased catalyst.
Using this information, isocyanate syntheses can be op-
timized. A detailed comparison of traditional polyure-
thahe syntheses using phosgene and mis procedure is
forthcoming by the authors and shall be based in part
on-this information.
Garrett, Roger L. "Designing Safer Chemicals: A
New Approach to Pollutton Prevention." In Designing
Safer Chemicals, edited by Roger L. Garrett and
Stephen C.DeVtto. Washington: American Chemi-
cal Society, scheduled to be published in fall 1995.
For information* call the ACS at (202) 872-4564. fV]
Amottttd Biflogmphy • 7
August 1995
-------
Garrett. Roger U and Stephen C. DeVito, eds.
Owgnmg Sato Chemicals. Washington Amer can
Chemical Society. scheduled to be Pushed "tan
199i5. For information on publication date, call the
ACS at (202) 872-4564. [N/l
This book is based on research done in the field of
novel chemical design, presented before the ^vision
of Environmental Chemistry at the American Chenucal
Society's nation* meeting in August 1994. Contains
chapters on various aspects of designing benign chem-
icals based on toxicological principles.
"Gassy Plastics." Discovert, no. 6 (June 1995):
80. [II.B]
Brief eeneral overview of me function, history, and
potential future of supercritical fluids in large-scale
chemical processes,
Glass*. Wolfgang G. 'Structural Materials From
Natural Occurring Polymers/ AmsncanChem^-
^c^Prsprint of Papers, Division <^En^^l
Charr&ry^, no. 2 (August 1994): 410. Presented
at tha 208th ACS National Meeting. Washington,
August 21-25. 19941 [II.D]
Addresses the possibility of creating.chemical
substances with modified biopolymers.
Goltar, Edwin J.. and John H. Miller.
Qualitative Analysis." Journal of Ctamf. Education
70, no. 6 (June 1993): A159-A160. [Ed. Tools}
Provides microscale procedures fot tru^classincation
.teats: the nitrous acid test for amines, zihc/^oruurrt
ddoride reduction, and hydriodic add test^l*^
alkoxyl method. These procedures come from.. under-
graduate qualitative organic analysis course taught by
the authors at Virginia Military Institute A description
of the course is provided. • .
Guan, Zhibin, and John* DeSImon*.
BaMdHiteropnas.PbljpnertcMatenato: -
polymer Surfactants for Caibon Dtox.*' AppMom.
M/cromofecufes27 (1994): 5527-5532. IH.B1
Describes the synthesis of block copolyrr^ surfart^
designed specifically for use m super-critical aruihquid
carbon dioxide With these surfactants, fluorocarbon-.
bases polymers can be synthesized with greater ease
relative tokaditiorul anionic polymerization techniques.
Haggin, Joseph. "Catalysis Critical to Benign
Process Design." Chemical & engineering News 72,
no, 16 (18 April 1994): 22-25. [H.E]
Discusses the goals of benign design involving selective
catalysis. Addresses problems of liquid acid catalysts
and the use of superbases. Presents improvements in
oxidation catalysis.
Haggin, Joseph. "Catalysis Gains Widening Role in
Environmental Protection." Chemical & Bngmeenng
News 72, no. 7 (14 February 1994): 22-30. [II.EJ
Highlights U.S.*-Russian Workshop on Environmental
Catalysis held January 1994 in Wilmington, Delaware
arid the application of catalysis in benign chemistry. .
Catalytic research discussed includes the development
of combustion processes .that eliminate nitrogen oxide
emissions, thedesign of processes that reduce energy ;
and'transportarion requirements,.and the mechanism of
selective catalytic reduction. ,The article notes the bene-
fits of "just-in-time" production of hazardous materials
using catalytic reactions. It also discusses the use of
catalysts in pollution control activities, such as oil spill
remediation and waste plastic recovery.
Haggin, Joseph. "Catalytic Process Cuts Isobutene
From C4 Streams." Chemical & Engineering News
. 71, no. 36 (6 September 1993): 31-32. [II.E]
Describes a new process for selective separation of
isobutene from C4 streams using a catalytic reaction.
Lists advantages of this method over traditional prac-
tices and describe* the results of the pUot test
Haggin. Joseph. "Direct Process Converts Methane
to Acetic Acid.' Chemical & Engioennng News72,
no. 16 (18 April 1994): 5. [II.E] . .
Describes a new scheme for creating acetic acid using a
direct catalytic route. This article describes the reaction
and catalyst, naming methanol and formic acid as the
only significant by-products.
Haggin, Joseph: "New Processes Target Methanol
Pro9dUon, Olf-gas Cleaning." <*2«J5*J£
ing News 72. no. 13 (March 28.1994): 29-31, 0I.F1
Describes the economic, environmental, and engineer-
ing aspects of a process that converts carbon dioxideto
methanol and a chemical processing innovation based
on un-steady state operation^
August 1995
-------
Haii Nina. "Chemists C.eac Up.Synthesis With
One-Pet Reactions." Science 266 (7 October 1994):
32-34. [II.F]. , • # ' '
Discusses the progress and "benefits of cascade chemistry
r-designing' waterfall'reactions that reduce energy re-
quirements and by-products. Examines the implications,-
of cascade chemistry for development of biologically
active compounds. Also provides a cascade recipe for •:.
creating a four-ringed compound. ' • . . -
Hancock, Kenneth G., and Margaret A. Cavanaugh.
"Environmentally Benign Chemical Synthesis and Pro-
cessing for the Environment." In Benign by Design:
Alternative Synthetic Design for Pollution Prevention,
edited by Paul T. Anastas and Carol A. Farris, 23-30.
•Washington: American Chemical Society, 1994. [IV]
Discussion of National Science Foundation's partner-
ships with me Council for Chemical Research and the
Environmental Protection Agency to fund research in
environmental chemistry. Emphasizes the importance
of research and education for chemists so that the
scientific and technical challenges posed by environ-
mental protection can be met ;
Hansch, Corwin. The QSAR Paradigm in the
Design of Less Toxic Molecules." Drug Metabolism
Reviews 15. no. 7 (1984-85): 1279-1294. [Ill]
Discusses the importance and history of quantitative
structure-activity relationships (QSAR) in the design
of less toxic and selectively toxic chemicals. Provides
examples of QSAR applications in drug development
•and environmental science.
Harris. N.f M; W. TucK, and Davy McKe* "Butanedk*
via Maleic Anhydride." Hydrocarbon Processing 69v
. no. 5 (May 1990): 79-82. flr.FJ .-
Describes a new butanediol process. The method is
more efficient economical, and environmentally friendly
because its feedstocks are widely available and less
hazardous. The threebasicsteps erf the "Davy McKee
butanediol process?'that use maleie anhydride are
explained in detail, and the economic advantages that
•ill expand productusagearedescribedi
w
Hendershot, Dennis. C. "Chemistry—The Key to
Inherently Safer Manufacturing Processes." American
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental Ctera/sf/y 34, no. 2 (August 1994>:
273-275. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25; 1994. [II.F]
Defines' chemical process and design safety strategies -
for manufacturing, emphasizing the importance of
chemistry in the development of safer processes. Pro-
vides examples'of inherently safer options, .
Hendrickson, James B. The SYNGEN Program for
Teaching Alternative Syntheses." American Chemical
Society. Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental
Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994): 183-185. ,
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25, 1994. [Ill]
Discusses the basic concepts and protocol of SYNGEN,
a synthesis design program, that facilitates the genera-
tion of more environmentally benign syntheses,
.Hirschhom, Joel S. "Enabling Global.'lmpiementation
of Industrial Pollution Prevention.". American Chemi-
cal Society Preprint of Papers, Division of Environ-
mental Chemistry 34i no. 2 (August. 1994): 266-267,
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25,1994. [V]
Provides a brief introduction to me author's paper on
sustainable production through changes in industrial
practices. Mentions a Critical Ratios Methodology
developed by the author for benchmarking pollution
prevention progress at the facility level and describes
a database of clean technology sources.
* ' . .
Hudlicky, Tomas. "Biocatalytte Conversion of
Halogenated Aromatic Compounds to Carbohydrates
and Other ChiralSynthons." American Chemical
Society Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental
Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994): 227. Presented
at the 208th ACS National Meeting, Washington,
August 21-25,1994. [II.DJ
Provides a reaction scheme for the conversion of
aromatic and halogenated aromatic compounds into
cyclohexadiene through soil bacterium. Discusses .
implications for medicinal chemicals.
Huheey, James E. "Incorporating Environmental
Issues Into the Inorganic Chemistry Curriculum."
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers,
Division of Environmental Chemistry34, no. 2
(August i 994): 181. Presented at the 208th ACS
National Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,1994. PI
Provides an introduction to Huheey's presentation on
current inorganic chemistry courses and the integration
of environmental problems in textbooks and coursework.
Annotated B&Uography • 9
August 1995
35
-------
,, Cetcran L. "Green Technology Presents
News 71. no. 36 (6 September
Dtscusses topics addressed a.i the symposium on alter-
native synthetic des.gn for pollution prevention held
during the 1993 national meeting of the American
ChemLl Society in Chicago. The article emphasizes
the role of the synthetic chemist in environmental
to Son, The author illustrates this role with success
stories in current research, including the use of vmble
tight to drive chemical transformations advances m
biotechnology, replacement of toxic ^-* "' h
supercritical fluids, and computer software tools to
provide theoretical alternative synthetic pathways to
target molecules.
Illman, Deborah L. -EnvironmentallV g ^
Chemistry Aims for Processes That Don t Pollute.
Chemical & Engineering News 72, no. 36
(5 September 1994): 22-27. M •
Reviews research presented at*-.*"^*^»
Society's national meeting in Washington,D.C, whicn.
SSWd on Design for the Environment Discussion
ranges from biocatalysis to the development of an
alternative synthetic route to aliphatic isocyanates
that does not use phosgene.
American Chemical Society, scheduled to bepub-
lished fn fall 1995. For information, call the ACS at,
(202) 872-4564. "J.EI .
Johnson, Roy, and Bany
Atymmefcks'EpoxkWioBOlAllyfc/jcoh^ In
Catajytfc Asymmet* Syntheses, edited by I. O
New York: VCH Inc., 199&
•'
Johnston K."P. "Safer Solutions for Chemists.' .
Sre 368 (17 March 1994): 187-188. [li.B]
Discusses the properties of supercritical fluids as
solvents, particularly carbon dioxide and water Gives
' examples of organotnetallic reactions performed m
these solvents.
Jones Jeffrey P. "Predicting Rates'of Cytochrome
P450 Mediated Bioactivation, and its Application to
the Design of Safe Chemicals." In Designing Safer
Chemicals edited by Roger L. Garrett and Stephen
C DeVito.' Washington: American Chemical Society,
scheduled to be published in fall 1995 For infor-
mation, call the ACS at (202) 872-4564. [!!.£]•
keoleian Gregory A., and Jonathan W. Bulkley.
^r^ratintf Pollution Prevention Into the Chemistry
Curriculum: New Challenges and Opportunities."
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, DM-
sionof Environmental Chemistry^, no. 2 (Augus
1994V 186. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,1994. [1]
Describes the plans for the.developrnent and dissemi-
nation of a chemistry pollution prevention curriculum.
Komiya. Kyosuke, Muneaki Aminaka. Kazumi
Hasegawa Hiroshi Hachiya, Hiroshige Okamoto,
Shinsuke Fukuoka, Haruyuki Yoneda, Isaburo Fukawa,
SfTetsuroDozono.'New Process for.P.oduang
Polycarbonate Without Phosgene and Methylene
Chloride- American Chemical Society Prepnnt of
• Papers, 'Division of Environmental Ghmaff^
n^2 (Auqust 1994): 343-346. Presented at Hhe
Sam ACS Natkjnal Meeting. Washington, August
21-25,1994, O.l-Al
Describes Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.'s ailterna-
tiveWphosgene processes to produce isocyanate*
and polycarbonates, based on "solid-state polymen-
zation of amorphous polymers." Notes an innovative
orocess for the production of diphenyl carbonate;
ta££5t for polycarbonate production, which uses
dimethyl carbonate wimout phosgene.
derivations.
-------
Kraus, George A., Masayuki Kirihara, and Yusheng
Wu ' "A Photochemical Alternative to the Fnedel-,
Crafts Reaction.'. In Benign by Design: Alternative
Synthetic Design for Pollution Prevention, edited by
Paul T. Anastas and Carol A. Farris, 76-83. Wash-
' ington: .American Chemical Society, 1994. [II.F]
This paper describes the development of an alternative
to the Friedel-Crafts reaction that, creates no unwanted
by-products. The alternative reaction involves the
photochemically mediated reaction of an aldehyde
•with a quinone. The authors claim that, with light as a
reagent, several environmental benefits are attainable.
Lee G. J., J. M. Garces, and J. J. Maj. -Applications
of Shape Selective 3-DDM Zeolite Catalysts." Ameri-
can Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994):
234-235. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-£5,1994. [!!.£}
Briefly discusses the production, function, and appli'
cation of 3-DDM zeolites as novel catalysts in cumene
• production. Notes that acidic waste disposal and
corrosive material handling are eliminated as a result
of 3-DDM zeolite catalyst use.
LinvP.K. "Environmentally Benign Oil-Water Inter-
facial Synthesis." American Chemical Society Pre-
print of Papers. Division of Environmental Chemistry
34, no. 2 (August 1994): 238, Presented at the
208th ACS National Meeting, Washington, August
21-25,1994. [H.B]
A brief description of a new technique that.eliminates
the need for toxic solventsthrough**.use of an in-
nocuous oil-watermixture in conjunction, with a sur-
face-active catalyst complex.
Manzer, LeoE. "Chemistry and Catalysis: Key to
: Environmentally Safer Processes." In Benign by
• Design: Alternates Synthetic Design for Pollution
Prevention, ed«ed by Paul f. Anastas and Carol A.
Farris, 144-15*. Washington: American Chemical
Society. 199* IU.E) .
Provides examples of high-yield, low-waste processes,
waste minimization, asymmetric catalysis, and envi-
ronmentally safer products from DuPont R*S>. Calls
for more cooperative infonnation transfer between
industry and universities.
Marofta, Stephen P., and Richard D. Sheardy.
"Mg2<-/K+ Induced Self-Assembly of G-Rich DNA
Oligomers Into High Molecular Weight Species."
American Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, •
Division of Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2
(August 1994): ^S-^og. Presented at the 208th
ACS National Meeting, Washington, August 21 -25,
1994. [II.D] ,
The authors report their success in developing
DNA-based catalytic systems.
Maxwell, I. E., and J. E. Naber. "New and Improved.
Catalytic Processes for Clean Fuels.' Catalysis
Letters 12 (1992): 105-1 i 6. [ll.E]
Discusses the role of catalysis in modifying existing
processes and developing new routes to less toxic fuels..
Specifically, this article covers new routes to methyl
tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), paraffinisomerization
with zeolite-based catalysts in the synthesis of.environ-
mentally acceptable gas components, and natural gas
conversion based on the catalytic oxidative coupling
of methane "" . .
McGhee,W.,PanYI,arKiD.RIIey. 'Highly Selective
Generation of Urethanes from Amines, Carbon
Dioxide, and Alley! Chlorides." Journal of the Chem-
ical Society-London, Chemical Communications
(1994)699-700. [I1.A]
The authors can produce polyurethanes in exceDent
yields and mild conditions with virtually 100% selec-
tivity by reacting carbon dioxide and alkyl chlorides
with amines in the presence of sterically hindered,
powerful organic bases. Theaumbrs' novel synthesis is
a viable alternative to traditional polyureftane syntheses
that require this use of phosgene. . -
McGhee, William D., Mark Pater, Dennis Riley, Ken
Ruettimann, John Solodar, and Thomas Waldman.
"Generation of Organic Isocyanates From Amineisr .
Carbon Dioxide and Electrophillc Dehydrating Agents:
Use of o-Sulfobenzoic Acid" Anhydride.* American
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994):
206-210. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,1994. D'-Al
Describes the problems experienced with some
dehydrating agents in the generation of isocyanates-
Presents the results of an isocyanate synthesis using-
o-sulf obenzoic acid and examines a reasonable method
for the recycle of the major by-product, an anhydride.
Amotattd BMiography • 11
August 1998
-------
Milne. George W. A., and Shaomeng Wang. Use
of Computers in Toxicology." in Designing Safer
Chenvcals, edited by Roger L. Garrett and Stephen
C. DeVrto. Washington: American Chemical bocieiy,
scheduled to be published in fall 1995. For mforma-
tion, call the ACS at (202) 872-4564. [Ill]
Misono, Makoto, and Toshio Okuhara "Solid
Superacid Catalysts.' Chemtech 23 (November
1993): 23-29. [II.F]
Describes current applications and potential uses of
heteropolyacids. Suggests that superacids "^d make
synthetic processes involving hazardous chemicals
more benign. Provides detailed definitions of
TrLacids'and heteropolyacids and discusses their
unique properties; includes data from recent research.
Mitchell, James W. "Alternative Starting Materials for
Industrial Processes." Proceedings of ^eNatanai
SX of Sciences, USA 89 (February 1992):
" 821-826. [JVJ
Thisarfidcaddressestheeffeclsofthedvsnucalindushy
Inlodety and the environmental and health nsks posed
by high priority toxic chemicals, ^sed on current
Svlro^nUl regulation,, which restrict the a*viti«
of the chemical industry, the author presents a(P°*£on
prevention strategy based on chemical •*"*"•£?
Demand chemical generation. The article alsadis-
cusses the need for alternative precursor reagents in
semiconductor manufacture.
Provides background on EPA's premanufacture notice
procedure for the testing of new chemical substances
and describes the establishment of new categories for
reviewing these substances. Notes the EPA's plans to
development a list of "categories of concern that will
assist the development of safer chemicals.
Mittelman, Abe, Daniel Un, ;, - _
OK Ho. "Inherently Sale Chemistry GUK». —-•—
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers; Division ot
Environmental Chemistry 34, ^^tSSS^
271-272. Presented at the 208th ACS National •
Meeting, Washington, August.21-25,
» .»_.
practice is not one tha*m«rely
Volume of toxic wast, produc*; rather, it is an en^-
to asafc
chemical
gives an overview of sevenl chemistry practices the
authors deem as "inherently safe."
Newman, Alan. — w
Science and Technology 2Q, no.
Provides an overview of the benign-by-design concept
presented at the August 1994 national meeting of the
American Chemical Society in Washington, which
focused on Design for the Environment. Discusses
research in the areas of alternative synthesis and the
design of safer chemicals using toxicological concepts.
Newsome Larry D., Vincent Nabholz; and Ann Kim.
"Reducing Aquatic Toxtoity Through Safe Chemical
Desiqn • In Designing Safer Chemicals, edited by
Roger L. Garrett and Stephen C. DeVrto. Washington:
S^Ch««8bol^..t*^tob.^
lished in fall 1995. For information, call the ACS ai
(202)872-4564. [VI
Nikles, David E., Alan M. Lane, Song Cheng, and
Hong Fan. "Pollution Prevention in the Magnetic
Tape Industry: Waterbome Coating Formulations ^
. to/VideoTape Manufacture/ t***"*""^
Society Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25,1994. [II.F]
Provides a brief description of a binder polymer system
that can be used in a new waterbome coating formula-
tion. Discussesexperimentalcoatingtr&lsusing new
formulations and economic issues affecting large-scale
implementation.
Reel, Kevin.-Hvdroaen Sutfidete Not Such a
(October 1993):" 854. [Ed. Tools]
MOSS, Ken, and Ray Kent
EPA's New Chemicals Program. «»-*""™££j
Society Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental
Chemistry &< no. 2 (August 1994): 285-288.
Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25.1994. mn
ammonium sulfide to produce
quantitative aitalysis,repUctagme^o^«rdriog«
mioacetamide. The author state* this procedure serves
aVS acceptable alterative to the w»te treatmentol
animoniuL sulfide and provides a safer source sulfide
ions for analysis.
12
August 1655
-------
Ricrman! Jack E'. The Rational Design of. Active .
Site Catalysts." American Chemical Society Preprint'
of Papers. Division of Environmental Chemistry-34, ,
no. 2 (August 1994): 404-407. -Presented at the
208th ACS National Meeting, Washington, August
21-25,'1994. [V] . •..-••• . " ' - " -r..-
According to author, the time has come for a committed
investigation into the design of active site catalysts
modeled after enzymes. The.author's belief stems from
advancements in areas such as modeling of active sites
-and site mutation theory. Discusses the-roles of various
sectors in the development of active site catalysts.
Riley, Dennis/William D. McGhee, and Thomas,
Waldman. "Generation of Urethanes and Isocyan-
ates from Amines and Carbon Dioxide." In Benign
. by Design: Alternative Synthetic Design for Pollution
. Prevention, edited by Paul t. Anastas and Carol A.
Farris, 122-132. Washington: American Chemical
Society. 1994- [H-A]
Presents an industrial application of benign chemistry,
specifically the elimination of phosgene as a reagent in
the production of urethanes and isocyanates. According
to this study, a new CO2-based route to isocyanates.
and. irethanes occurs under mild conditions with
greater'ease than traditional syntheses.
Rotman, David. "Chemists Map Greener Synthesis .
Pathways." Chemical Week 153 (22 September
1993): 56-57, FV]
A review of the American Chemical Society's 1993 na-
tional meeting in Chicago, which addressed alternative
synthetic design for pollution prevention. Describes:
advances made by industry and.academia in finding
less toxic substitutes for feedstocks, solvents, and
catalysts. Addresses potential obstacles for commer-
cialization: ' '
Rotman, David. •MotecularMbdelingTake* oft
Catalysts." Chemicat Week 148 (26 June 1991):
'• 52+. [l»]
Discusses the use of molecular simulation in the devel-
opment of novel catalysts. The benefits of computer
modeling are described, along with current drawbacks.
Rotman,,David. --"Molecular Modeling Takes on1 ..
Polymers." Chemical Week 147 (17 October 199.0):
28,30. [Ill]
.Although this article does not explicitly discuss green
chemistry, it describes how computer modeling can be
used in the benign design of polymers. The author fo-
cuses on software that assists in making predictions
about the bulk properties of polymers, stating that the
goal of such efforts is to "design polymers with pre-
dictable and valuable bulk commercial properties."
-' ' - t . ,
Rotman, David. "Successes. Emerge in Search . ,
for Cleaner Processes." Chemical Week 151 *.
(9 December 1992): 66. [II.E] .
Focuses;on industrial activities in the area of pollution
prevention, with a discussion of economic-implications.
The article addresses process changes that employ al- •
tentative catalysts. EPA-funded university research in
novel chemical synthesis technologies is highlighted.
Rotman, David. The Quest for Reduced Emissions,
Greener Processes." Chemical IVee/c 153 (7/14 July
1993):. 117-118. [II.D]
Focuses oh the cnemical industry's progress in cleaning
up processes^ through biological synthetic routes using
biocatalysts. The author presents success stories but
questions the feasibility of commercialization. The ar-
ticle discusses industry's short-term, solutions to cut
emissions from facilities, highlighting the synthesis of
indigo dye by E. cpU.
Sawan, Samuel P., Yeong-TamgShieh, and
Jan-Hdn Su. Evaluation of the interactions Between
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Polymeric Materials.
Los Alamos National Lab Heport 3LA-UR-94-2341.
Available from National Technical Information Service;
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161,
(703) 487-4650 or the Office of Scientific and
technological Information, Box 62, Oakridge, TN
37831, (615) 576-8401. FJI.B1 . . .
A report resulting from direct collaboration among Los
Alamos National Laboratory, the Toxics Use Reduction
Institute at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell,
and International Business Machines Corporation,
Focuses on. the interactions between supercritical and
, subcritical carbon dioxide and polymeric materials to
evaluate the useof CO2 as a substitute for CFCs in pre-
cision cleaning of polymers. Examines the absorption,
swelling, and dissolution of carbon dioxide in polymer?
at elevated pressures, as well as thermal and mechanical
properties. .
Annotated I
August 1995
-------
Sfteidon. P-cger A. -Consider rte Environmental '
Quotient/ ^e/r?ecn 24 ,Marcn 1994): 38-46. [II.F]
Evaluates altenuuve routes to several organic products
K,sedon5heu- 'environmental quotient": an empirical
relationship mvented by the author that incorpora tes
issues of cost, yield, waste, and overall viability into
chemical manufacturing procedures.
Sherrington, David C. -Polymer-Supported Systems:
Towards Clean Chemistry*" Chem.stry and Industry
no. 1(7 January 1991): 15-19. [II.F]
Argues that some polymeric reagents, polymer-
catalysts, P6lymeric protecting groups
efficiency without any pollution problems.
Sieburth, Scott McN. "Isosteric
boo With Silicon in the Design
in Dss/on/no Safer Chemicals, edited
LSndsTephenC.D0Vito. Washington: Arnen-
canctS Society, scheduled to be published ,n
Sn 995 For information on publication date, call
the ACS at (202) 872-4564. [II.F1
This chapter describes isosterism, silicon as an isostere
of carbon, similarities and differences betweer, t sihcon-
and carb^n^ased cherrdcab, and the degradat^and
oxidaHve metabolism of organosilanes, Three ^case
examples of silicon-for-carbon isostencrep lacement m
agjochemkal research illustrate the effectiveness of the
isosterism in the design of safer chemicals.-
Mono M., Ronald M, PH«, and Zvi Szairam
- Slone, J. Eric, Paul'T. Anastas, Stephen C. DeV ta
-Using Computer Assisted Organic Synthesis in the
U S Environmental Protection Agency's Premanu-
facture Notification Program: A Case Study in
Pollution Prevention." American Chemical Society
Preorint of Papers, Division of Environmental Cnem-
istry 34, no. 2 (August 1994): 221-223. Presented
at the 208th ACS National Meeting, Washington,
Augusf21-25, 1994. [Ill] . .
Examines the use of three computer programs that
have the ability to model alternative syntheses of
loratadine. Provides a brief critique of each and gives
a general conclusion regarding the effectiveness of the
programs as tools for benign synthesis.
•Smith, Leverett R "Securing Environmental
Concerns in the Chemistry Curriculum," American
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers 0/ws/cvi,of
Environmehtal Chemistry^ no. 2 (Augus 1994)..
198-200. Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, D.C.; August 21-25,1994. [I]
States the two types of environmental concerns
chemistry departments face: complying with regula-
dons and redesigning'curricula to address real-world
issues. Addresses the need for awareness and pro-
vides suggestions to improve chemistry curricula. ..
Snider, Barry B., and Bridget A. McCarthy.jMr.(IH)-
Mediated Electrochemical Oxidative Free-Rad,cal
Cvcllzations.' In Benign by Design: -*«»•*—
Synthetic Design for Pollution *"»»'
1994): 194-197.
MeVting, Washington Au»«t 21-25, 1 994. fl
viroronental ad^^ges
Briefly reviews selecttdecpcn
types of chemistry laboratasy texts tadlusttate the
microscate approach. ' •
PaiAT^Anastaa-aiw*«re»4K-r«w.5..e=F^.':,ii1r>j?f"--,
^^mii^^i^ji;;^^^!^^
.
be viable alternatives to free-radfcal cyclizations that
employ toxic tin reagents, . . '
Spttzer, Martin A. 'Environmental .Accounting.-
American Chemicat Society Preprint of.Papers,
Division of Environmental Che™is«y?*>™'* -
. (Augusll994): 247. Presented at the 20*hi ACS
Na^>nal Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,1994.
!V1 . .
Addresses the importance of fullest accountog and
. Ufecyclecostasse^mentin the development of safer
chemicals and cleaner technologies.
14 • AnnouiwJ Bibiiograptty
-------
Steinfeld. j. !.. and D. S. Bern. "Graduate Research
and Training m Chemistry' of the Environment at • •
M.I.T." American .Chemical Society Preprint of
Papers Division -of Environmental'Chemistry 34, .
no. 2 (August 1994): 187-190. Presented at the;
2Q8th ACS National Meeting. Washington, August
21-25, 1994. [I]
Describes activities at Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology that incorporate environmental problems into
' education. Provides a detailed description of a weekly
seminar examining a broad range of.environmental is-
sues through a series'of case studies.
. Stem, Michael K. "Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
for Hydrogen: New Haiide-Free Routes for Produc-
tion of Aromatic Amines," In Benign by Design:
Alternative Synthetic Design for Pollution Prevention,
edited by Paul Anastas and Carol Farris, 133-143. __
Washington: American Chemical Society, 1994, [II.FJ
Describes two new routes to 4-aminodiphenylamine and
4-nitroaniline that are based on nucleophilic aromatic
substitution for hydrogen (NASH). The authors claim
that these syntheses are more environmentally favor-
able thaaprevious NASH reactions. These mechanistic
studies illustrate that the chlorination of benzene in the
production of aromatic amines can be eliminated. .
Stem,-Michael K., Fredrick D. Hileman, and James
K. Bashkin. "Direct Coupling of Antline and Nitro-
• 'benzene: A New Example of Nucieophilic Aromatic
Substitution for Hydrogen.* Journal of the American
Chemical Society 114 (1992): 9237-9238. [ll.F]
The authors report a novel example of nucleophilic
aromatic substitution for hydrogen that proceeds in
high yield under mild conditions. The reaction uses an
amine as nucleophile and does not require an auxiliary
leaving group or external bxidant. The reaction may
have commercial implications since it eliminates the
need for halogenated aromatics in the production of
substituted aromatic amines.
Stinson, Stephen. "Cleaner Routes Found to Rubber
Antiozonants." Chemical & Engineering News 71,-.
no..36 (6 September 1993): 30-31, [II.F]
Provides a report on new and better routes to certain
important rubber-processing chemicals that are less
costly, less energy-intensive, .and do not require chlori-
nated organic compounds. : , .
Stem, Michael K., and Brian K Cheng. Animation
of Nitrobenzene via Aromatic Substitution for Hydro-
gen: Direct Formation of Aromatic Amide Bonds."
Journal of Organic Chemistry. 58 (1993): 6883-
6888. [H.F]
The authors report routes to p-nittoaniline and its deri-
vatives-that do not use halogenated oxidants or inter-
mediates. The reactions are selective only to the pan*
substituted amine, proceed under mild conditions with
high yield, and have only water as a major by-product
Stem, Michael lC Brian K. Cheni Frederick D.
Hiteman, and James M. AHman; "A New Route to
' 4-Aminodiphenylam&» via NudeophiHc Aromatic
Substitution for Hydrogen: Reaction of Aniline and
Azobenzehe*" Journal of Organic Cftsm&try 5»
(1994): 5627-563t OI.FJ. '
4-AnuncKliphenylanun«(4^ADPA)andittd«riyatives '.
are widely used as antioxidants in rubber products;
however, their manufacture is heavily dependent on
toxic halogenated reagents. The authors report a new
route to 4-ADPA that does not'tequire halogenated re-
actants and generates only water as a major by-product
Sundaresan, Sankarari, Michael Simpson, and
James Wei. "Alkylation of Isobutane With 2-Butene
Over Zeolites." American Chemical Society Preprint
of Papers. Division of Environmental Chemistry 34,
no 2 (August 1994): 236-237, Presented at the
208th ACS National Meeting, Washington, August
21-25,1994. [II.F]
Describes a "high^pressure How reactor used to study
the kinetics and selectivity of the solid-acid catalyzed
alkylatioh of isobutane wim 2-butene" in order to
understand the deactivation of zeolite catalysts.
Zeolites are a benign alternative to hydrofluoric acid
arid sulfuric acid—two substances mat are currently
used in the alkylation of isobutane wim 2-butene.
Sundell, Mats J., and Jan M. Nasman. "Anchoring
Catalytic Functionality on a Polymer." Cftemfecrt 23
(December 1993): 1&-23. OI.FI .
Describes the preparation of novel polymer-supported
catalysts and reagents. Polymer supports can be valu-
able because they improve the reactivity and selectivity
of catalysts and reagents, are often non-toxic and non-
volatile, and in some cases facilitate the removal of
reagents from industrial reaction pots.
Afwottttd 8tt*o9ftp»iy • 15
August 199S
-------
Szafran. Zvi, Mono S.ngh, and Ronald M. Pike. The
M,croscaie Inorgann Laboratory: Safety, Economy,
and Versatility/ Journal of Chem,cal Education 66,
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Dtscuss^s ongins and need for microscale *
morganiccherrustry. Describes four major
with traditional inorganic labs'that microscale labs re-
duce waste generation, lab hazards, limited vanety of
available reagents, and time-consuming experiments.
Tanko, James M., and Joseph F. Blackert. ^
-Aikylaromatics in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide;
Sdtex»263 (January 14. 1994): 203-205. [II.FJ
Z«sgler brommations are typically performed in carbon
^Lnionde, An alternative to this environmen ally
problematic solvent is super ,.ri«l CO^ The .-to
report higher yields and less by-product formanon.
Tanko, James M., Joseph F. Blackert, andII
Sadeghipourl "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a
Medium for Conducting Free-Radical B88*""*:
in Banton by Design: Alternative Synthetic Design
tor *3££Prevention, edited by Paul T. Anastas
and Carol A. Farris, 98-113. Washington: Amencan
Chemical Society, 1994. [H.BJ
Discusses the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as a
less toxic solvent in chemical synthesis and ™™**c-
ture. Illustrates the Effectiveness of this solvent by
describing various brominations performed in it •
Tanko, James M. Kamrudin N. .Suterhan, Of™*',
y Anna Park, and Jennifer E. Powers. "Solvent
— • i Free Radical Reactions:
t Radical Brominations
induced by'soivent"
r Ann M. "Growing Exchange of Information
Sp PoTutton Prevention Efforts ' CJj/n«a/4 En_
g,nes/7ngNews71,no.30(26July.1993): 3-25. [IV]
Discusses the Responsible Care Prograrn's pollution
prevention code that requires implementation by ^
members of the Chemical Manufacturers Association.
Describes difficulties with environmental reporting
that have contributed to increased pollution preven-
tion efforts, such as lack of standards and uniform
definitions. Provides examples of pollution prevention
activities within industry.
Timberlake, Dennis U and Rakesh Govind. -Ejxpjrt
Svstem for Solvent Substitution." Amencan Chemical
S£wPrepnnt of Papers, O^'W"™"'
Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1 994): . 2 1 5-2 7.
Pressnted at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25,1 994, [III]
Discusses the capabilities and procedures of PAKI13
program for Assisting the Replacement of .Indmttial
- uter roram that aids in ^««
The solvent pressure effects desmbed in this paper
are relevant to free radical brominatiqns P«rf°™~ m
organic solvents: In late research, the authors show
Zt the relah'or^p»a» v^'for bromiranons per-
fonnedmsupercriticai
-------
Trost, Barry M. The Atom Efficiency—A Search for
Synthetic Efficiency.' Science 254 (Dec. 6, 199t)y.
1471-1477! [V] • ' , ''••'•-.
Comparison of atom utilizations, on the basis of
theoretical yields, is a rapid way to evaluate the envi-
ronmental impact of alternative routes to a particular
product 'This article explains how such comparisons are
made by way of several example syntheses that involve
carbocyclic ring structures.
Tully J C. "Environmental Education From an
Industrial Perspective.' American Chemical Society
Preprint of Papers, Division of Environmental Chem-
istry 34, no'. 2 (August 1994): 203. Presented, at the
208tb ACS National Meeting, Washington, August _
21-25,1994. [I]
A brief paragraph about changing trends in the chemi- .
cal industry; focuses, on the principles of industrial ,
ecology. Explains the need to educate future deosion-
makers about environmentally minded curricula.
* '• '.'-'' • "
Tumas, William, Shaoguang Feng, Richard LflLacheur,
DavWMorgenstem, Paul Wiinams, Steve. Buetow,
Carol BumTBemard Fby, Michael Mitchell, Mark Burk,
and Robert Waymouth. "Chemical and Catalytic
Transformations in Supercritical Fluids." American
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental Chemistry 34, no. 2 (August 1994)r
211. Presented at the 208th ACS National Meeting,
Washington, August 21-25,1994. [II.BJ .
A short paragraph describing a research program that
explores the use of supercritical fluids in the improve-
ment of reactions, use of new pathways, aiid reduction
of environmental burdens. •
Tundo, Pietro, Carlos Alberto Marques,and Maurizte
Selva, "Selective Mww-MethylationotArylaceto-
nitrites and Methyl Arylacetates by Dimetltylcarborate-
A Process Without Production of Waste." American
Chemical Society Preprint of Papers, Division of
Environmental Cftemfcfty34, no. 2 (August^1994):
336-339: Presented at the 208th ACS National
Meeting, Washington, August 21-25,1994. [II.EI
Describes the use of dimethylcarbonat* inGas-Uquid
Phase Transfer Catalysis as a non-toxic,highly selective
metnylatingagentthatdoesnotg^iewtewa^^Pro-
vides details about alternative methods for alkylating
arylacetonitriles and arylacetic esters,
.United States Environmentai Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development and Office of
Pollution Prevention and Toxic Substances; :and the
National Science Foundation. Proceedings Docu-
ment: Workshop on Green Syntheses and;Prqcess->
ing in Chemical Manufacturing. EPA/6Q
-------
Veltaccjo. Frank. "MaKing a Place for Environmen-
latly Benign Synthesis in the Introductory .Chemistry
'curriculum: Is ,t a Moral imcerative?" Amencan^
Cf.e ' .
-------
Wilson, Sharon. "Peroxygen Technology in the .
Chemical Industry." Chemistry and Industry no. 7-
(4 April 1994):- 255-258. [II.F] • ,-r
This article lists the environmental and economic:
benefits of using peroxygen as a reagent in chemical
synthesis. Seven oxidation reactions that use peroxygen
technology are described; hydrogen peroxide "inaction"
is illustrated through five examples, .
Zhang. Zhouyao, Min J. Vang, and Janusz Pawliszyn.
"Solid-Phase Microextraction: A Solvent-Free Alter-
native for Sample Preparation." Analytical Chemistry
66 (1 September1994): 844A-853A. [II.F]
this report describes the problems associated with.
traditional sample preparation technologies, including
the use of toxic organic solvents and barriers to change.
Solvent-free techniques in three categories (gas-phase,
membrane, and sorbent extraction) are reviewed and
compared with solid-phase microextraction (SPME).
Included are the theoretical aspects, extraction and
desprption characteristics,.applications, and future
developments of SPME.
Zwaard, A. W., H. P..W. Vemneeren, and R. de
Geider "Safety Education for Chemistry Students:
Hazard Control Starting at the Source." Journal of
Chemical Education 66, no. 4 (AprH 19SS): A112-
A114. (I] , :
Discusses safety practices and procadiires in chemical
laboratories with a description of a systematic, strategic
approach aimed at eliminating hazards at their source..
The substitution of toxic solvents and the reduction of
•labs to microscale level are used-as examples of .hazard
control at the source. •- .
Annoatcd BlbUograptiy • 19
August 1995
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