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United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics
(740Q)
EPA 744-B-00-004b
September 2000
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
LEXOGRAPHIC INK OPTIONS:
CLEANS TECHNOLOGIES
BSTITUTES ASSESSMENT
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Flexographic Ink Options
A Cleaner Technologies Substitutes Assessment
VOLUME 2: APPENDICES
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
September 2000
Developed in Partnership by the Following Associations
CflLIFOfiNlfl
FILM 6XTRUD6RS
& CONV€RTeRS
flSSOCIflTION
U.S.EPA
naoim
INTERNATIONAl.
NORTH AMERICA
FILM&BAG
FEDERATION
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Contact Information
Karen Chu
Design for the Environment Program
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Mail Code 7406
Washington, DC 20044
phone: 202-260-0695
fax: 202-260-0981
chu.karen@epa.gov
DfE Flexography Website Address:
www.epa.gov/dfe/flexography/flexography.html
11
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Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Steering Committee xv
Technical Committee xvii
Participating Suppliers xix
Abbreviations Used in the CTSA , xxi
Glossary xxiii
VOLUME 1: TEXT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ___
BACKGROUND OF THE DFE FLEXOGRAPHY PROJECT . ES-2
POTENTIAL HAZARDS AND RISKS OF INK CHEMICALS ES-4
Aquatic Hazards ES-5
Human Health Hazards ES-6
Human Health Risks ES-7
PERFORMANCE ES-11
COSTS . .. . ! ES-14
RESOURCE USE AND ENERGY CONSERVATION ES-15
FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ES-16
CHOOSING AMONG FLEXOGRAPHIC INKS ES-18
CONCLUDING REMARKS ES-19
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES SUBSTITUTES ASSESSMENT
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1-1
1.2 WHAT IS A CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES SUBSTITUTES ASSESSMENT? 1-2
CTSA Methodology 1-2
1.3 WHO WILL BENEFIT FROM THIS CTSA? 1-3
1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE CTSA 1-3
111
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Chapter 2: OVERVIEW OF FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO FLEXOGRAPHIC INKS :.-... '..... 2-3
Ink Components • • • • 2-3
Ink Systems • • 2-4
2.2 MARKET PROFILE OF THE FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING INDUSTRY 2-7
Descriptions of Different Flexography Market Segments , 2-7
Market-Related Trends in the Flexographic Printing Industry 2-11
Markets for Printing Inks 2-13
Markets for Flexographic Inks • • • • 2-16
Imports and Exports for Flexographic Inks 2-17
2.3 FEDERAL REGULATIONS 2-19
Clean Air Act 2-19
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 2-21
Toxic Substances Control Act 2-24
Clean Water Act • • • 2-38
Safe Drinking Water Act , •• 2-31
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act 2-31
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act , 2-32
Occupational Safety and Health Act 2-33
2.4 PROCESS SAFETY ASSESSMENT . . : 2-41
Safety Hazards of Ink Formulations 2-41
Process Safety Concerns , • • •. 2-44
REFERENCES • • • • • 2-47
Chapter 3; RISK ;
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO RISK • • • : 3-4
Background • 3-4
Quantitative Expressions of Hazard and Risk 3-5
Definitions of Systemic Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity, and Carcinogenic Effects ....:... 3-6
Definition of Aquatic Toxicity 3-8
3.2 HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARDS 3-9
Human Health Hazards 3-9
Ecological Hazards 3-25
3.3 CATEGORIZATION OF FLEXOGRAPHIC INK CHEMICALS FOR THIS CTSA 3-29
Chemical Categories by Ink Formulation • 3-32
3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AIR RELEASE ASSESSMENT 3-36
Environmental Air Release Methodology 3-36
Environmental Air Release Results 3-37
3.5 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 3-40
Occupational Exposure Methodology • 3-40
Occupational Exposure Results 3-43
IV
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3.6 GENERAL POPULATION EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 3-46
General Population Exposure Methodology 3-46
General Population Exposure Results 3-49
3.7 RISK CHARACTERIZATION 3-52
Risk Characterization Methodology 3-52
Occupational Risk Results 3-53
General Population Risk Results 3-60
REFERENCES . .'...'.'..,.'.. 3-65
Chapter 4: PERFORMANCE .
4.1 METHODOLOGY 4-4
Methodology for On-site Performance Demonstrations 4-4
Tests Performed on Samples from Performance Demonstrations and Laboratory Runs .... 4-5
Inks Used for the Study 4-11
Substrates Used for the Tests 4-11
Image and Plates Used for the Tests 4-12
Types of Printing Performed 4-12
Limitations of the Performance Demonstrations 4-12
Methodology for Laboratory Runs 4-13
4.2 RESULTS OF PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION AND LABORATORY RUN TESTS —
SOLVENT-BASED AND WATER-BASED INKS 4-17
Adhesive Lamination — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-17
Block Resistance — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-18
CIE L*a*b* — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-18
Coating Weight — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-20
Density — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-23
Dimensional Stability — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-25
Gloss — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-26
Heat Resistance/Heat Seal — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-27
Ice Water Crinkle Adhesion — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-28
Image Analysis — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-29
Jar Odor — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-30
Mottle/Lay — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-32
Opacity — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-34
Rub Resistance — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-34
Tape Adhesiveness — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-35
Trap — Solvent-based and Water-based Inks 4-36
Highlights of Performance Results for Solvent-Based and Water-Based Inks 4-38
4.3 RESULTS OF PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION AND LABORATORY RUN TESTS —
UV-CURED INKS '. 4-38
Block Resistance — UV-cured Inks 4-39
CIE L*a*b* — UV-cured Inks :.. 4-40
Coating Weight — UV-cured Inks : :... 4-41
Coefficient of Friction — UV-cured Inks 4-42
Density — UV-cured Inks 4-43
Dimensional Stability — UV-cured Inks •. , 4-44
Gloss — UV-cured Inks 4-44
Ice Water Crinkle Adhesion — UV-cured Inks 4-45
Image Analysis — UV-cured Inks 4-45
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Jar Odor — UV-cured Inks 4-47
Mottle/Lay — UV-cured Inks , 4-48
Opacity — UV-cured Inks 4-49
Rub Resistance — UV-cured Inks 4-50
Tape Adhesiveness — UV-cured Inks 4-50
Trap — UV-cured Inks 4-50
Uncured Residue — UV-cured Inks 4-51
Summary of Performance Test Results for UV-Cured Inks 4-51
Technological Development in UV-cured Inks 4-52
4.4 SITE PROFILES '.'... 4-54
Site 1: Water-based lnk#W2 on OPP 4-55
Site 2: Water-based lnk#W3 on LDPE and PE/EVA 4-57
Site 3: Water-based lnk#W3 on LDPE and PE/EVA , 4-59
Site 4: Water-based lnk#W1 on OPP 4-61
Site 5: Solvent-based lnk#S2 on LDPE and PE/EVA 4-62
Site 6: UV lnk#U2 on LDPE, PE/EVA, and OPP 4-64
Site 7: Solvent-based lnk#S2 on LDPE and PE/EVA 4-66
Site 8: UVInk#U3 on LDPE, PE/EVA, and OPP 4-68
Site 9A: Water-based lnk#W4 on OPP 4-70
Site 9B: Solvent-based lnk#S1 on OPP 4-71
Site 10: Solvent-based lnk#S2 on OPP 4-73
Site 11: UV lnk#U1 on LDPE (no slip) 4-75
REFERENCES 4-77
Chapter 5: COST
5.1 DEVELOPMENT OF COSTS . . . 5-3
Material Costs 5-3
Labor Costs : 5-7
Capital Costs for New Presses « 5-10
Capital Costs for Retrofitting a Press 5-13
Energy Costs 5-15
Uncertainties 5-15
5.2 COST ANALYSIS RESULTS 5-17
Summary of Cost Analysis Results .-.. 5-17
Discussion of Cost Analysis Results 5-20
5.3 DISCUSSION OF ADDITIONAL COSTS . . . 5-24
Regulatory Costs 5-24
Insurance and Storage Requirements 5-25
Other Environmental Costs and Benefits 5-25
REFERENCES 5-26
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 5-27
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Chapter 6: RESOURCE AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
6.1 INK AND ADDITIVE CONSUMPTION 6-3
Methodology ., 6-3
Limitations and Uncertainties 6-5
Ink and Additive Consumption Estimates 6-6
6.2 ENERGY CONSUMPTION . . . 6-10
Methodology 6-10
Limitations and Uncertainties 6-16
Energy Consumption Estimates 6-17
6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ENERGY REQUIREMENTS 6-23
Emissions from Energy Production 6-23
Environmental Impacts of Energy Production 6-25
Limitations and Uncertainties 6-25
6.4 CLEAN-UP AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES 6-28
Press Clean-Up and Waste Reduction in the CTSA Performance Demonstrations
6-29
REFERENCES 6-31
Chapter 7: ADDITIONAL IMPROVEMENT OPPORTUNITIES
7.1 POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITIES 7-3
7.2 RECYCLING AND RESOURCE RECOVERY 7-8
Silver Recovery 7-8
Solvent Recovery 7-8
Solid Waste Recycling 7-8
7.3 CONTROL OPTIONS 7-9
Sources of Flexographic Ink Pollutants Amenable to Treatment or Control Options -. 7-9
Control Options and Capture Devices for Air Releases 7-10
Control Options for Liquid Releases 7-12
REFERENCES 7-14
Chapter 8: CHOOSING AMONG INK TECHNOLOGIES
8.1 SUMMARY BY INK SYSTEM AND PRODUCT LINE 8-2
Introduction 8-2
Solvent-based Inks 8-14
Water-based Inks 8-17
UV-cured Inks 8-20
8.2 QUALITATIVE SOCIAL BENEFIT-COST ASSESSMENT 8-24
Introduction to Social Benefit-Cost Assessment 8-24
Benefit-Cost Methodology and Data Availability .-.. 8-26
Potential Private and Public Costs 8-26
Potential Private and Public Benefits 8-31
Summary of Social Benefit-Cost Assessment 8-34
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8.3 DECISION INFORMATION SUMMARY
Introduction
Ink System Comparison
Highlights of Chemical Category Information
Hazard, Risk and Regulation of Individual CTSA Chemicals .
Suggestions for Evaluating and Improving Flexographic Inks
REFERENCES
8-36
8-36
8-37
8-41
8-46
8-63
8-66
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VOLUME 2: APPENDICES TO ALL CHAPTERS
Appendices to Chapter 3: RISK
Appendix 3-A: Flexographic Ink Formulations and Structures
Appendix 3-B: Human Health and Ecological Hazard Results
Appendix 3-C: Supplementary Environmental Air Release Information
Appendix 3-D: Environmental Air Release Data
Appendix 3-E: Supplemental Occupational Exposure Assessment Methodology
Appendix 3-F: Occupational Exposure Data
Appendix 3-G: Supplementary General Population Exposure Information
Appendix 3-H: General Population Exposure Data
Appendix 3-1: Systemic Toxicity Risk Results
Appendix 3-J: Developmental Toxicity Risk Results
Appendix 3-K: Summary of Occupational Systemic Toxicity Risk — Dermal
Appendix 3-L: Summary of Occupational Systemic Toxicity Risk — Inhalation
Appendix 3-M: Summary of Occupational Developmental Toxicity Risk — Dermal
Appendix 3-N: Summary of Occupational Developmental Toxicity Risk — Inhalation
Appendix 3-O: Summary of General Population Systemic Toxicity Risk — Inhalation
Appendix 3-P: Summary of General Population Developmental Toxicity Risk — Inhalation
Appendices to Chapter 4: PERFORMANCE
Appendix 4-A: Overall Performance Demonstration Methodology
Appendix 4-B: Facility Background Questionnaire
Appendix 4-C: Performance Demonstration Data Collection Form
Appendix 4-D: Test Image Design
Appendix 4-E: Laboratory Test Procedures and Performance Data
Appendix 4-F: Anilox Configuration Data from the Performance Demonstrations
Appendix 4-G: Surface Tension Data from the Performan.ce Demonstrations
Appendix 4-H: Viscosity Data from the Performance Demonstrations
Appendix 4-1: Descriptions and Test Data for Performance Demonstration Sites
Appendix 4-J: Descriptions and Performance Test Data for the Laboratory Runs
Appendix 4-K: Performance Test Data from Laboratory Runs for Inks Not Used in the Performance
Demonstrations
Appendices to Chapter 5: COST
Appendix 5-A: Cost Analysis Methodology
Appendix 5-B: Supplemental Cost Analysis Information
Appendices to Chapter 6: RESOURCE AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
Appendix 6-A: Supplemental Resource and Energy Conservation Information
Appendix 6-B: Clean-Up and Waste Disposal Procedures for Each Site
Appendix 6-C: Pollution Generation Reports
IX
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X
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Preface
This draft report, Flexographic Ink Options: A Cleaner Technologies Substitutes Assessment, presents the
findings and analysis of a voluntary, cooperative effort between the flexographic printing industry and the
U.S. EPA. This is not an official guidance document and should not be relied on by companies in the
printing industry to determine regulatory requirements. Information on cost and product usage in this
document was provided by individual product vendors and has not been corroborated by EPA. Mention
of specific company names or products does not constitute an endorsement by EPA.
Comments are welcome on all aspects of the draft CTSA. Please send comments by November 30, 2000,
to:
Karen Chu
Design for the Environment Program
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Mail Code 7406
Washington, DC 20460
e-mail: chu.karen@epa.gov
To learn more about EPA's Design for the Environment Program, please visit www.epa.gov/dfe. You may
download and print copies of DfE documents directly from the website. To order additional printed copies
of this document or other DfE publications, please contact:
EPA's Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIC)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Mail Code 7409
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202)260-1023
Fax: (202)260-4659
E-mail: ppic@epa.gov
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Acknowledgments
DfE would like to thank its many partners for their participation in the Flexography Project.
« Members of the Steering and Technical Committees (see separate lists that follow) provided
valuable guidance and feedback throughout the project.
• Volunteer printers and suppliers (see separate list that follows) contributed much time, expertise,
materials, and the use of their facilities; their cooperation was essential to the project.
• Lori Kincaid of the University of Tennessee Center for Clean Products and Clean Technologies
analyzed the data on energy and resource conservation.
• John Serafano of Western Michigan University attended the performance demonstrations,
supervised the laboratory runs, and analyzed the performance data.
• Laura Rubin, formerly of Industrial Technology Institute, contributed to the cost analysis.
• Members of the EPA Workgroup contributed significantly, especially to the risk, cost, and
benefit-cost analyses. The Workgroup consisted of the following individuals: Susan Dillman,
Conrad Flessner, Jr., Eric Jackson, Susan Krueger, David Lai, Fred Metz, and Jerry Smrchek.
• This document was prepared by Susan Altaian, Dennis Chang, Cheryl Keenan, Harry (Trey)
Kellett III, and Srabani Roy of Abt Associates, Inc. under EPA Contract 68-W6-0021, Work
Assignments 3-07, 4-05, and 5-08.
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XIV
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Steering Committee
Robert Bateman
Roplast Industries
3155 South 5th Avenue
Oraville, CA 95965
phone: 530-532-95000
fax: 530-532-9576
rbateman@roplast. com
Karen Chu
U.S. EPA
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Mail Code 7406
Washington, DC 20044
phone: 202-260-0695
fax: 202-260-0981
chu. karen@epa. gov
Norma Fox
CFECA
2402 Vista Nobleza
Newport Beach, CA 92660
phone: 949-644-7659
fax: 949-640-9911
nsfox@earthlink. net
George Fuchs
National Association of Printing Ink
Manufacturers
581 Main St.
Woodbridge, NJ 07095-1104
phone: 732-855-1525fax: 732-855-1838
gfuchs@napim.org
Doreen Monteleone
Flexographic Technical Association
900 Marconi Avenue
Ronkonkoma, NY 11779-7212
phone: 631-737-6020
fax: 631-737-6813
dmonteleone@flexography. org
Alex Ross
RadTech International, N.A.
400 North Cherry
Falls Church, VA 22046
phone: 703-534-9313
fax: 703-533-1910
rossradtec@aol. com
Mark Wygonik
Flexible Packaging Association
1090 Vermont Avenue, NW Suite 500
Washington, DC 20005
phone: 202-842-3880
fax: 202-842-3841
mwygonik@flexpack. org
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Technical Committee
A.J. Daw Printing Ink Co.
Jim Daw
Rex Tamm
Abt Associates Inc.
Cheryl Keenan
American Inks and Coatings
Robert Anthony
Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc.
Lee Kottke
Automated Packaging
Paul Banfield
Bema Film Systems, Inc.
Michael Siciliano
Bryce Corporation
Bob Hawkins
John Yeganeh
Cello-Foil Products, Inc.
Rieger Lesiow
Coast Converters
Sol Schor
Curwood, Inc.
Howard Hofmeister
Deluxe Packages
Steve Steckbauer
Dispersion Specialties, Inc.
William Webster
DuPont Cyrel
Alice Missimer
Duralam, Inc.
D. Dennis Redding
Emerald Packaging
Ron Garriety
Enercon Industries Corp
Dave Markgraf
Fine Line Graphics
Jim Toles
Flint Ink
Michael MacDonald
Dr. Chris Patterson
Fusion UV Systems, Inc.
David Snyder
Georgia-Pacific
Dave Root
Hallmark Cards
John M. Sandefur
Harper Corporation of America
Dan Reilly
Highland Supply Corporation
Gene Wall
Huron River Watershed Council
Laura Rubin
International Paper
James Manning
INX International Ink Co.
Michael Hines
Robert Ramsay
Jim Stein
John Vogel
Kidder, Inc.
Mark Dallmeyer
MacDermid Graphic Arts
D. Bradley Miller
Linda Weglewski
Maine Poly, Inc.
Robert Neal
MEGTEC Systems
Dan Bemi
Steve Rach
Orange Plastics
Carmello Pireano
Pechiney Plastic Packaging
David Ellison
P-F Technical Services, Inc.
Fred Shapiro
Precision Printing & Packaging, Inc.
Michael A. Klekovic
Printpack, Inc.
Doug Cook
Tom Dunn
Progressive Inks
David Argent
Paul Lodewyck
Research Triangle Institute
Dean Cdrnstubble
SC Johnson Polymer
Rick Grandke
Sericol
Jack Wald
Strout Plastics
Thomas Everett
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Sun Chemical Corporation
Sam Gilbert
Robert Mullen
Brijesh Nigam
William Rusterholz
Richard Wagner
U.S. EPA
Chuck Darvin
Carlos Nunez
David Salman
Kay Whitfield
UCB Chemicals
Peter Weissman
University of Tennessee
Lori Kincaid
Waste Management and Research Center
Debra Jacobson
Western Michigan University
John Serafano
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Participating Suppliers and Printers
The following companies voluntarily supplied materials for this CTSA or participated in the project's
performance demonstrations.
A.J. Daw Printing Ink Company
Akzo Nobel Inks Corp.
Automated Packaging
Bryce Corporation
Cello-Foil Products
Deluxe Packages
E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
Emerald Packaging
Enercon Industries
Fine Line Graphics
Flex Pack
Flint Ink
Harper Corporation of America
INX International
Lawson Mardon Packaging USA
MacDermid Graphic Arts
Maine Poly
Mobil Chemical Corp.
Progressive Inks
Roplast Industries
Sun Chemical Corporation
Windmoeller & Hoelscher Corp.
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Abbreviations Used in the CTSA
ADC
ADD
BACT
BCM
BOD
CAA
CAS
CBI
CERCLA
CESQG
CTG
CTSA
CWA
DfE
EPA
EPCRA
FOG
FPA
FTA
FWPCA
HAP
HQ
HSWA
IARC
LDPE
LEPC
LOAEL
LQG
MACT
MEK
MIBK
MOE
MSDS
NAICS
Average Daily Concentration
Average Daily Dose
Best Available Control Technology
Billion Cubic Microns per Square Inch
Biological Oxygen Demand
Clean Air Act
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
Confidential Business Information
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator
Control Technology Guidelines
Cleaner Technology Substitutes Assessment
Clean Water Act
Design for the Environment
Environmental Protection Agency
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
Fat/Oil/Grease
Flexible Packaging Association
Flexographic Technical Association
Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Hazardous Air Pollutant
Hazard Quotient
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
International Agency for Research on Cancer
Low-Density Polyethylene
Local Emergency Planning Commission
Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
Large Quantity Generator
Maximum Achievable Control Technology
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Margin of Exposure
Material Safety Data Sheet
North American Industry Classification System
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NAPIM
NCP
NESHAP
NOAEL
NPDES
OPP
OPPT
OSHA
PE/EVA
POTW
PTE
RACT
RCRA
RfC
RfD
SARA
SDWA
SERC
SIC
SQG
TRI
TSD
TSS
UST
VOC
National Association of Printing Ink Manufacturers
National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
No Observed Adverse Effect Level
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
Oriented Polypropylene
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Polyethylene/Ethylvinyl Acetate
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Permanent Total Enclosure
Reasonably Achievable Control Technology
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Reference Concentration
Reference Dose
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
Safe Drinking Water Act
State Emergency Response Commission
Standard Industrial Classification
Small Quantity Generator
Toxics Release Inventory
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (facility)
Total Suspended Solids
Underground Storage Tank
Volatile Organic Compound
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Glossary
Acetate
Acrylate
Acute exposure
Additive
Adhesion
Adhesive
Adsorbent
Adsorption
Ambient environment
Amide
Anilox roll
Anilox volume
Aquatic toxicity
Benefit
Best Available Control
Technology (BACT)
Block resistance
a family of solvents also known as esters of acetic acid
a chemical functional group commonly used in UV curing
one dose or multiple dose exposures occurring over a short time (24
hours)
a substance used in small quantities to modify the properties of an ink
state in which two surfaces are held together by molecular forces;
measure of the strength with which one material sticks to another ;
any material that is applied to one or more surfaces to form a bond
between the two
material (e.g., carbon) that adsorbs (concentrates) a substance on its
surface
accumulation of a gaseous, liquid, or dissolved,substance on the
surface of a solid
the existing conditions in the environment or immediate vicinity
a nitrogen-containing compound that usually is basic (alkaline)
engraved steel and chrome-coated metering roll to control the amount
of ink sent from the fountain roller to the printing plates
the volume of cells on an anilox roll in a standardized area, expressed
as billion cubic microns per square inch (BGM)
capability of a substance to cause adverse effects in aquatic organisms
the value to society of a good or service. From a firm's perspective,
the benefit of a good or service can be measured by the revenue the
firm receives from its sales as compared to the costs incurred when . ,
producing its products. From the consumer's perspective, the benefit
can be measured by what the consumer would be willing to pay for the
good or service. Some goods and services, such as environmental
amenities and health risk reductions, are not generally for sale in a
market economy. However, these goods and services do provide
benefits to society which should be recognized. Economists attempt to
estimate the value of these goods and services through various
nonmarket valuation methods.
an emission limitation based on the maximum degree of emission
reduction (considering energy, environmental, and economic impacts)
achievable through application of production processes and available
methods, systems, and techniques; (EPA) the most stringent
technology available for controlling emissions; major sources are
required to use BACT, unless it can be demonstrated that it is not
feasible for energy, environmental, or economic reasons.
a type of performance test that measures the bond between ink and
substrate when heat and pressure are applied
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Blocking
Caliper
Carcinogen
Carcinogenic effect
Catalyst
Catalytic oxidizer
Cationic ink
Central impression printing
press
Chill roller
Coating
Co-extruded
polyethylene/ethyl vinyl
acetate (PE/EVA)
Co-extrusion
Colorant
Control option
Conventional pollutant
Core
Corona treater
Corrosivity
Cross-linker
undesired adhesion between layers of material that may cause damage
to at least one surface upon their separation
the thickness of a sheet or material measured under specific
conditions, expressed in thousandths of an inch
cancer-causing chemical
malignant tumor or other manifestation of abnormal cell growth caused
by cancer
a substance that accelerates the rate of a reaction between two or more
substances without being consumed in the process
type of oxidizer that contains a catalyst
a type of UV-cured ink in which photoinitiators start the reaction by
causing an electron deficiency in the monomers and oligomers
printing press in which the material being printed is in continuous
contact with a single-large diameter impression cylinder; the color
stations are arranged around the circumference of the cylinder and
imprint the image on the substrate
metal roll or drum with internal cooling, used to cool the printed web
prior to rewinding
the outer covering of a film or web; the film may be coated on one or
both sides
a type of film substrate used in flexographic printing
a process used to produce a product, such as a film substrate, by
forcing more than one extruder through a common die
a substance that provides the color associated with ink; it can be a
pigment or a dye
add-on technological system or device that removes pollutants from a
flexographic facility's waste stream and thereby keeps them out of air,
water, and landfills; pollutants may be captured for reuse, recycling,
or disposal
a pollutant chemical in wastewater effluent regulated under the Clean
Water Act (CWA); includes biological oxygen demand (BOD), total
suspended solids (TSS), fecal coliform bacteria, fat/oil/greases (FOG),
andpH
a tube on which paper, film, or foil is wound for shipment; the metal
body of a roller which is rubber covered
equipment that electrically charges the substrate to improve ink
adhesion by raising the surface tension of the substrate
capability of corroding
a component of UV-cured inks. Such as a monomer or oligomer, that
is capable of reacting to form a solid coating
-xxiv-
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Cure
Curing agent
Dermal exposure
Developmental toxicity
Die
Diluent
Direct medical costs
Dispersant
Dispersion
Doctor blade
Dose-response assessment
Dot gain
Dye
Electrolytic silver recovery
Exposed population
process of treating inks with ultraviolet light which creates a bond
between the monomers and oligomers in the ink; the reaction (or
"drying") causes the ink to solidify and bind with the substrate
a chemical that participates in the reaction that results in the curing of
UV inks
exposure through the skin ,
adverse effects caused to a developing organism from exposure to a
substance prior to conception, during prenatal development, or
postnatally up to the time of sexual maturation
any of various sharp cutting forms, used to cut desired shapes from
papers, paperboard, plastics or other stocks
a liquid with no solvent action, used to dilute or thin an ink or lacquer;
a type of extender
costs associated specifically with the identification and treatment of a
disease or illness (e.g., costs of visits to the doctor, hospital costs,
costs of drugs). Discounting: Economic analysis procedure by which
monetary valuations of benefits and/or costs occurring at different
times are converted into present values which can be directly
compared to one another.
material that enables a uniform distribution of solid particles
a uniform distribution of solid particles in a vehicle by mixing or
milling
a thin flexible blade that grazes the anilox roll at an angle to remove
excess ink from the roll before the ink is applied to the printing plate
in a risk assessment, the relationship between the dose of the chemical
received and the incidence and severity of the adverse health effects in
the exposed population i
the undesired increase in size of a printed "dot" of ink
coloring material which is soluble in an ink vehicle, as opposed to
pigments, which are not'soluble, and must be dispersed
method of silver recovery whereby a current is passed between two
electrodes in silver-laden water, plating the silver on the cathode in a
virtually pure form
the estimated number of people from the general public or a specific
population group who are exposed to a chemical, process, and/or
technology. The general public could be exposed to a chemical
through wide dispersion of a chemical in the environment (e.g.,
DDT). A specific population group could be exposed to a chemical .
due to its physical proximity to a manufacturing facility (e.g.,
residents who live near a facility using a chemical), through the use of
the chemical or a product containing a chemical, or through other
means.
-xxv-
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Exposed worker population
Exposure assessment
Epoxy resin
Extender
External benefits
External costs
Externality
Extrusion
Flammability
Flexible packaging
the estimated number of employees in an industry exposed to the
chemical, process, and/or technology under consideration. This
number may be based on market share data as well as estimations of
the number of facilities and the number of employees in each facility
associated with the chemical, process, and/or technology under
consideration
in risk assessment, identification of the pathways of which'.toxicants
may reach individuals, estimation of how much of a chemical an
individual is likely to be exposed to, and estimation of the number of
people likely to be exposed
plastic or resinous materials used for strong, fast-setting adhesives, as
heat resistant coatings and binders •
any material added to inks to reduce its color strength and/or viscosity
a positive effect on a third party who is not part of a market
transaction. For example, if an educational program (i.e., a smoking-
cessation class) results in behavioral changes which reduce the
exposure of a population group to a disease (i.e., lung cancer), then an
external benefit is experienced by those members of the group who did ,
not participate in the educational program (i.e., those inhaling second-
hand smoke). External benefits also occur when environmental
improvements enhance enjoyment of recreational activities (e.g,,
swimming, hiking, etc.).
a negative effect on a third party who is not part of a market
transaction. For example, if a steel mill emits waste into a river which
poisons the fish in a nearby fishery, the fishery experiences an
external cost to restock as a consequence of the steel production. Other
examples of external costs are the effects of second-hand smoke on
nonsmokers, increasing the incidence of respiratory distress, and a
smokestack which deposits soot on someone's laundry, thereby
incurring costs of relaundering.
a cost or benefit that involves a third party who is not a part of a
market transaction; "a direct effect on another's profit or welfare
arising as an incidental by-product of some other person's or firm's
legitimate activity" (Mishan, 1976). The term "externality" is a
general term which can refer to either external benefits or external
costs.
the production of a continuous product (e.g., a sheet of film) by
forcing a material (e.g., thermoplastic) through a die or orifice
the capability of burning
any package or part of packaging with a thickness of ten millimeters or
less whose shape can be changed readily
Flexographic printing plate a plate with a raised image that prints on the desired substrate
-XXVI-
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Formulation
Fountain
Fountain roll
Four-color process
Free radical
Free radical curing
Fugitive emissions
Hazard
Hazard identification
Hazard quotient
Hazardous
Hazardous Air Pollutant
(HAP)
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste generator
Human health benefits
Human health costs
a specific color (e.g., Reflex blue) within an ink product line used in
the CTSA (e.g., solvent-based ink#l)
a pan or trough on a press that serves as a reservoir for ink
a press roll that picks up ink or coating material from the fountain and
applies it to the transfer roll
printing with cyan, magenta, and yellow color inks plus black, and
using combinations of these colors to create all other colors (see
process printing)
an unstable, reactive molecule that has a neutral charge (in comparison
to an ion)
a type of UV-cured ink in which the photoinitiators release reactive
free radicals
emissions that escape from the printing press and leave the facility
through openings such as windows and doors
potential for a chemical or other pollutant to cause human illnes's or
injury; the inherent toxicity of a compound
in a risk assessment, determining whether exposure to a chemical
could cause adverse health effects in humans or in nature; an informed
judgment based on verifiable toxicity data from animal models or
human studies
the ratio of estimated site-specific exposure to a single chemical over a
specified period to the estimated daily exposure level at which no
adverse health effects are likely to occur
harmful to human health and the environment
air pollutants listed under the Clean Air Act (CAA) as being hazardous
to human health and the environment |
by-products of industrial activities that can pose a substantial or
potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly
managed
a facility that produces hazardous waste
reduced health risks to workers in an industry or business as well as to
the general public as a result of switching to less toxic or less
hazardous chemicals, processes, and/or technologies. An example
would be switching to a less volatile chemical or a new method of
storing or using a volati'-s, hazardous chemical, to reduce the amount
of volatilization, thereby lessening worker inhalation exposures as well
as decreasing the formation of photochemical smog in the ambient air.
the cost of adverse human health effects associated with production,
consumption and disposal of a firm's product. An example is the cost
to individuals and society of the respiratory effects caused by stack
emissions, which can be quantified by analyzing the resulting costs of
health care and the reduction in life expectancy, as well as the lost
wages as a result of being unable to work.
-XXVll-
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Ignitability
Illness costs
Incineration
Indirect medical costs
Individual risk
Inhalation exposure
Ink pan
Ink splitter
In-line printing press
Ion exchange
Laminate
Line color printing
Liquid ink
Low-density polyethylene
(LDPE)
Lowest Observed Adverse
Effect Level (LOAEL)
Major Source
Makeready
capability of lighting on fire
a financial term referring to the liability and health care insurance
costs a company must pay to protect itself against injury or disability •'
to its workers or other affected individuals. These costs are known as
illness benefits to the affected individual. Appendix J summarizes
several cost of illness valuation methods.
the process of burning to ashes with the intent of reducing harmful
substances to more benign ones
indirect medical costs associated with a disease or medical condition
resulting from exposure to a chemical, product or technology.
Examples would be the oosts of decreased productivity of patients
suffering a disability or death and the value of pain and suffering
borne by the afflicted individual and/or family and friends.
an estimate of the probability of an exposed individual experiencing an
adverse effect, such as "1 in 1,000" (or 10 ) risk of cancer.
exposure through breathing
reservoir for ink
a device that separates solids from fluids in waste ink and cleaning
solutions, or removes pigments from water-based ink wastes using a
porous cellulose material
a multicolored press in which the color stations are mounted
horizontally in a line; a press coupled to another operation such as
bagmaking, sheeting, diecutting, creasing, etc.
method of recovering silver from wash water or mixtures of wash
waters, fixer and bleach'fix, especially from dilute solutions
to bond together two or more layers of material or materials
process of printing 'line work' such as text, display type and graphics
low-viscosity ink
type of film substrate used for printing on packaging such as frozen
food bags , r .
lowest exposure level at which adverse effects to human health and/or
the environment have been shown to occur
under Title V of the Clean Air Act, a facility that has the potential to
emit 10 tons per year or more of any individual Hazardous Air
Pollutant (HAP), 25 tons per year or more of any combination of
HAPs, or 100 tons per year or more of any air pollutant. The 100
TPY limit applies to facilities located in areas with relatively good air
quality ("attainment areas"); the limit decreases in non-attainment
areas.
the preparation and correction of the printing plate before starting the
print run, to insure uniformly clean impressions; all preparatory
operations preceding production
-xxvin-
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Margin of exposure (MOE)
Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS)
Maximum Achievable
the ratio of the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) to the
estimated exposure dose
a compilation of information required under the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) Communication Standard on the
identity of hazardous chemicals, health and physical hazards, exposure
limits, and precautions of a product
the emission standard for sources of air pollution requiring the
Control Technology (MACT) maximum reduction of hazardous emissions, taking cost and feasibility
into account
Metallic replacement
Monomer
Narrow web press
National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAP)
Net benefit
No Observed Adverse Effect
Level (NOAEL)
Non-conventional pollutant
Oligomer
Opportunity cost
Oral exposure
Oral toxicity
method of silver recovery whereby wastewater is passed through one
or more steel wool filters in which silver in the wastewater is
chemically replaced by iron from the filter
an individual molecular unit that is capable of linking together to form
polymers
any printing press web that is less than 24 inches wide; narrow web
presses are able to do multiple converting operations (e.g., diecutting)
in the same pass with the printing
emissions standards set by EPA for air pollutants that may cause an
increase in fatalities or in serious, irreversible, or incapacitating illness
the difference between the benefits and the costs. For a company this
could be interpreted as revenue - costs, assuming that the revenue and
the costs are fully determined.
the highest exposure level that can occur without statistically or
biologically significant adverse effects to human health and/or the
environment
any wastewater effluent pollutant regulated under the Clean Water Act
(CWA) that is not identified as a conventional or priority pollutant
a low-weight polymer that is capable of further combination; the
component of UV-cured inks that links together to form a solid coating
a hidden or implied cost incurred due to the use of limited resources
such that they are not available for an alternative use. For example,
the use of specific laborers in the production of one product precludes
their use in the production of another product. The opportunity cost to
the firm of producing the first product is the lost profit from not
producing the second. Another example would be a case where in
hiring legal representation to respond to a lawsuit, and due to limited
financial resources, a firm must cancel a planned expansion. The
opportunity cost of responding to the lawsuit is the lost gain from not
expanding.
exposure through eating or drinking contaminated substances
ability of a chemcial to cause injury when ingested
-xxix-
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Oriented polypropylene
(OPP)
Overprinting
Oxidation
Oxidizer
Ozone
Paste ink
Permanent total enclosure
Photoinitiator
Photopolymer
Pigment
Pinholing
Plasticizer
Pollution prevention
Polyethylene
Polymer
Polymerization
Polypropylene
Population risk
a film substrate noted for clarity, stiffness, and ability to form a strong
barrier
the printing of one impression over another
the reaction of a chemical (such as VOCs) with oxygen; the process of
combining with oxygen
equipment that burns contaminated air to break down harmful
substances (e.g., VOCs) into water, carbon dioxide and other gases
a gas containing three oxygen molecules; at ground level it is a
pollutant formed in part by the reaction of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) released by solvent-based inks; contributes to smog formation
high-viscosity ink
a structure that completely surrounds a source of air emissions,
captures all VOC emissions, and sends them to a control device
the component of UV-cured inks that reacts with ultraviolet light to
begin the curing process
any mixture of materials that can change its own physical properties
on exposure to ultraviolet or visible light
insoluble substance used to give color to inks, paints and plastics
failure of a printed ink to form a complete continuous film; visible in
the form of small holes in the printed area
material (usually in liquid form) that is added to ink to improve the
flexibility of dried ink
identification of substances, processes, and activities that create
excessive waste products or pollutants, followed by reductions in
pollution generation by altering or eliminating a process or materials
a synthetic resin of high molecular weight resulting from the
polymerization of ethylene gas under pressure.
a compound formed by the linking together of simple molecules
a chemical reaction in which the molecules of a monomer are linked
together to form large molecules
a synthetic resin of high molecular weight resulting from the
polymerization of propylene gas
an aggregate measure of the projected frequency of effects among all
exposed people, such as "four cancer cases per year."
-XXX-
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Present value
Press-side solvent or additive
Primer
Priority pollutant
Private (internalized)
benefits
Private (internalized) costs
Process color printing
Product line
Propylene
Publicly Owned Treatment
Works (POTW)
Reactive diluent
Reactivity
Reasonably Available
Control Technology (RACT)
Recycling
Reducer
the value in today's terms of a sum of money received in the future.
Present Value is a concept which specifically recognizes the time value
of money, i.e., the fact that $1 received today is not the same as $1
received in ten years time. Even if there is no inflation, $1 received
today can be invested at a positive interest rate (say 5 percent), and
can yield $1.63 in ten years; $1 received today is the same as $1.63
received ten years in the future. Alternately, the present value of $1
received in ten years is $0.61. The rate at which future receipts are
converted into present value terms is called the discount rate
(analogous to the interest rate given above). The formula for
calculating present value is given in the Cost Analysis module.
a product added to ink during a press run to improve the printing
performance (e.g., to decrease viscosity)
a first coat intended to enhance subsequent printing
a toxic chemical found in wastewater effluent and regulated under the
Clean Water Act (CWA)
the direct gain received by industry or consumers from their actions in
the marketplace. One example includes the revenue a firm obtains in
the sale of a good or service. Another example is the satisfaction a
consumer receives from consuming a good or service.
the direct negative effects incurred by industry or consumers from
their actions in the marketplace. Examples include a firm's cost of raw
materials and labor, a firm's costs of complying with environmental
regulations, or the cost to a consumer of purchasing a product.
halftone color printing created by the color separation process; a piece
of copy is broken down to the primary colors to produce individual
halftones, whith are then recombined at the press to replicate the full
range of colors
a group of proprietary inks that are made by one manufacturer, share
certain printing characteristics, include multiple colors, and are
intended for use with a specific ink system (e.g., solvent-based)
gas used in polymerization to form polypropylene
a municipal or regional water treatment plant ,;•
a material in UV-cured inks that reduces the viscosity of the ink andv:
reacts instead of volatilization upon curing
property of being able to decompose or react with other chemicals
technology required under the Clean Air Act to regulate the emissions
of volatile organic compounds
the practice of reducing environmental wastes by recovering and
reprocessing waste materials, thereby reducing the use of virgin
materials
material used to alter the body, viscosity or color strength of ink
-xxxi-
-------
Reference concentration
Reference dose
Repeat length
Reportable quantity
Reproductive toxicity
Resin
Reverse printing
Risk
Risk characterization
Scuffing
Silver recovery
Smog-related emissions
Social benefit
Social cost
lowest daily human exposure measured by continuous inhalation that
does not have an appreciable risk of deleterious, non-cancerous effects
during a lifetime
estimate of the lowest daily human exposure that does not have an
appreciable risk of deleterious, non-cancerous effects during a lifetime
(expressed as an oral dose per kilogram of body weight)
printing length of a plate cylinder, determined by one complete
revolution of the plate cylinder gear
substance-specific amount of hazardous material reportable under the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA)
biologically adverse effects on the female or male reproductive organs,
the related endocrine system, or offspring
natural or synthetic complex organic substance with no distinct melting
point, which in a solvent solution forms the binder portion of the
flexographic ink
printing on the underside of a transparent film; or a design in which an
image or type is "dropped-out" and the background is printed
a measure of the probability that damage will occur to life, health, or
some aspect of the environment as a result of exposure to a given
hazard
in risk assessment, the process of using hazard, dose-response, and
exposure information to develop quantitative and qualitative
expressions of risk
action of rubbing something against a printed surface
process by which silver is recovered from printing wastewater
gases, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide,
and nitrogen oxides (NOX), that are released during printing or energy
production operations and contribute to the formation of smog when
exposed to sunlight
the total benefit of an activity that society receives, i.e., the sum of the
private benefits and the external benefits. For example, if a new
product prevents pollution (e.g., reduced waste in production or
consumption of the product), then the total benefit to society of the
new product is the sum of the private benefit (value of the product that
is reflected in the marketplace) and the external benefit (benefit society
receives from reduced waste).
the total cost of an activity that is imposed on society. Social costs are
the sum of the private costs and the external costs. Therefore, in the
example of the steel mill, social costs of steel production are the sum
of all private costs (e.g., raw material and labor costs) and the sum of
all external costs (e.g., the costs associated with replacing the
poisoned fish).
-xxxii-
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Solvent
Solvent-based ink
Solvent recovery
Solvent resistance
Stack emission
Stack printing press
Substrate
Systemic toxicity
Thermal oxidizer
Thinner
Tone
Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory (TRI)
Toxicity
Trapping
Tropospheric Ozone
Turbidity
Ultraviolet light
UV-cured ink
Vehicle
Viscosity
Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs)
Volatilization
Waste generator
medium used to dissolve a substance
an ink containing more than 25% VOCs and formulated to dry via
evaporation
process of recovering purified solvents from VOC emissions
the ability of a cured ink coating to resist removal during exposure to a
solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
emissions that are collected from the printing press and are released
through a roof vent or stack to the outside air, sometimes undergoing
treatment to reduce the tmissions
press where the printing stations are placed one above the other, each
with its own impression cylinder
material upon which an image is printed
adverse effects on any organ system following absorption and
distribution of a chemical throughout the body
oxidizer that requires high operating temperatures (see Oxidizer)
liquid, solvent, and/or diluent added to ink for dilution or thinning; a
type of extender
color quality or value; a tint or shade of color
requirement under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act (EPCRA) requiring certain facilities to report release of
specified chemicals
property of being harmful or poisonous
printing of one color over another
see Ozone
a condition in which the clarity of water is reduced because of the
presence of sediment, pigment, or other suspended material
electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than visible light
ink that is cured by ultraviolet light rather than evaporation
liquid component of a printing ink; carries the ink from the ink pan to
the substrate
resistance to flow
any organic (carbon-containing) compound that participates in
atmospheric photochemical reactions except those designated by EPA
as having negligible photochemical reactivity
passing from liquid to gaseous state; subject to rapid evaporation;
having high vapor-pressure at room temperature
a facility that generates wastes and is responsible for determining
whether the waste is hazardous and what classification may apply to a -
waste stream
-XXXlll-
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Water-based ink
Wetting
Wide-web press
Willingness-to-pay
an ink containing less than 25 %, VOCs and formulated to dry via
evaporation
process by which a liquid wets the surface of a dissimilar material by
reducing the surface tension of the liquid
a printing press with a web that is greater than 24 inches wide, usually
in the range of 50-60 inches
estimates used in benefits valuation intended' to encompass the full
value of avoiding a health or environmental effect, which are often not
observable in the marketplace. For human health effects, the r
components of willingness-to-pay include the value of avoided pain
and suffering, impacts on the quality of life, costs of medical
treatment, loss of income, and, in the case of mortality, the value of a
statistical life.
-xxxiv-
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Appendix 3-A (Risk Chapter)
Flexographic Ink Formulations and Structures
Table 3-A.l lists every flexographic ink chemical that was studied in this CTSA, along with its CAS
number and other names by which the chemical is known.
Talbe 3-A.2 lists all the ink additives that were used during the performance demonstrations.
Following these tables is an alphabetical display of the chemical structures for all substances listed in
Table 3-A.l. in the flexographic ink formulations that were supplied for the performance
demonstrations. ' ' • •
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Table 3-A.1 Flexographic Ink Formulation Chemicals
Chemical substance
Acrylated epoxy polymer
Acrylated oligoamine polymer
Acrylated polyester polymer #1
Acrylated polyester polymer #2
Acrylic acid-butyl acrylate-methyl
methacrylate-styrene polymer
Acrylic acid polymer, acidic #1
Acrylic acid polymer, acidic #2
Acrylic acid polymer, insoluble
Alcohols, C11-15-secondary,
ethoxylated
Amides, tallow, hydrogenated
Ammonia
Ammonium hydroxide
Barium
2-Benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-4'-
morpholinobutyrophenone
Butyl acetate
Butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid-
methyl methacrylate polymer
Butyl carbitol
C.I. Basic Violet 1 ,
molybdatephosphate
C.I. Basic Violet 1,
molybdatetungstatephosphate
C.I. Pigment Blue 15
C.I. Pigment Blue 61
C.I. Pigment Green 7
C.I. Pigment Red 23
C.I. Pigment Red 48, barium salt
(1:1)
C.I. Pigment Red 48, calcium salt
(1:1)
CAS number
NKa
NK
NK
NK
27306-39-4
NK
NK
NK
68131-40-8
61790-31-6
7664-41-7
1336-21-6
7440-39-3
119313-12-1
123-86-4
25035-69-2
112-34-5
67989-22-4
1325-82-2
147-14-8
1324-76-1
1328-53-6
6471-49-4
7585-41-3
7023-61-2
Synonym
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester, polymer
with butyl 2-propenoate, ethenylbenzene and 2-
propenoic acid
.••"-•.••'•'
Ethoxylated C1 1-15-secondary alcohols
Hydrogenated tallow amides
1 -Butanone, 2-(dimethylamino)-1 -[4-(4-
morpholinyl)phenyl]-2-(phenyImethyl)-
Acetic acid butyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with butyl 2-
propenoate and methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol
Benzenamine, 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-imino-2,5-
cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl], N-Me derivs.,
molybdatephosphates
Benzenamine, 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-imino-2,5-
cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl]-, N-Me derivs.,
molbdatetungstatephosphates
Copper(ll) phthalocyanine
Benzenesulfonic acid, ((4-((4-
(phenylamino)phenyl)(4-(phenyIamino)-2,5-
cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl)phenyl)amino)-
Copper phthalocyanine green derivative
2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, 3-hydroxy-4-((2-
methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo)-N-(3-nitrophenyl)
2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-((5-chloro-4-
methyl-2-sulfophenyl)azo)3-hydroxy-, barium salt
(1:1)
2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-((5-chloro-4-
methyl-2-sulfophenyl)azo)3Thydroxy-, calcium salt
(1:1)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-A (RISK) FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Table 3-A.1 Flexographic Ink Formulation Chemicals (continued)
| Chemical substance
C. . Pigment Red 52, calcium salt
(1:1)
C.I. Pigment Red 269
C.I. Pigment Violet 23
C.I. Pigment Violet 27
C.I. Pigment White 6
C.I. Pigment White 7
C.I. Pigment Yellow 14
C.I. Pigment Yellow 74
Citric acid
D&CRedNo. 7
Dicyclohexyl phthalate
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt
|JDiphenyl(2,4,6-
|trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide
BDipropylene glycol diacrylate
IJDipropylene glycol methyl ether
BDistillates (petroleum), hydrotreated
light
Distillates (petroleum), solvent-
refined light paraffinic
Erucamide
Ethanol
Ethanolamine
I" Ethoxylated tetramethyldecyndiol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl carbitol
Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate
2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate
Fatty acid, dimer-based polyamide
;AS number
17852-99-2
67990-05-0
6358-30-1
12237-62-6
13463-67-7
1314-98-3
5468-75-7
6358-31-2
77-92-9
5281-04-9
84-61-7
577-11-7
75980-60-8
57472-68-1
34590-94-8
64742-47-8
64741-89-5
112-84-5
64-17-5
141-43-5
9014-85-1
141-78-6
111-90-0
10287-53-3
1241-94-7
NK
Synonym 1
-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-((4-chloro-5-
methyl-2-sulfophenyl)azo)-3-hydroxy-, calcium salt
1:1)
2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, N-(5-chloro-2-
methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[[2-methoxy-5-
(phenylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]azo]-
Diindolo(3,2-b:3',2'-m)triphenodioxazine, 8,1 8-
dichoro-5,15-diethyl-5,15-dihydro-
Ferrate(4-), hexakis(Cyano-C)-, methylated 4-[(4-
aminophenyl)(4-imino-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-
ylidene)rriethyl]benzenamine copper (2+) salts
Titanium oxide (TiO2)
Zinc sulfide
Butanamide, 2,2'-((3,3'-dichloro(1 ,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-
diyI)bis(azo))bis(N-(2-methylphenyI)-3-oxo-
Butanamide, 2-((2-methoXy-4-nitrophenyl)azo)-N-
2-methoxyphenyl) -3-oxo-
2-Hydroxy-1 ,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
3-Hydroxy-4-((4-methyI)-2-suIfophenyl)azo)-2-
naphthalenecarboxylic acid, calcium salt
1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dicyclohexyl ester
Succinic acid, sulfo-, 1 ,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester, Na
salt
2-Propenoic acid, oxybis(methyl-2,1-ethanediyl)
ester
Propanol, (2-methoxymethylethoxy)-
Kerosene (petroleum), hydrotreated
Petroleum distillates
cis-1 3-Docosenoamide
Ethyl alcohol
2-Aminoethanol
Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.,.alpha.'-[1 ,4-
dimethyl-1 ,4-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2-butyne-1 ,4-
diyl]bis[.omega.-hydroxy-
Acetic acid, ethyl ester
Ethanol, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-
Benzoic acid, 4-(dimethylamino)-, ethyl ester I]
Phosphoric acid, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl ester |
I
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK) FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Table 3-A.1 Flexographic Ink Formulation Chemicals (continued)
Chemical substance
Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers,
polymers with ethylenediamine,
hexamethylenediamine, and
propionic acid
Glycerol propoxylate triacrylate
n-Heptane
1,6-Hexanedioi diacrylate
1-Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone
Hydroxylamine derivative
2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone
^droxypropyl acrylate
Isobutanol
sopropanol
sopropoxyethoxytitanium
bis(acetylacetonate)
2-lsopropyIthioxanthone
4-lsopropylthioxanthone
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK) FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Table 3-A.1 Flexographic Ink Formulation Chemicals (continued)
Chemical substance
Rosin, f umarated, polymer with
diethylene glycol and
)entaerythritol
Rosin, fumarated, ethylene polymer
derivitized
Rosin, polymerized
Silanamine, 1,1,1-trimethyl-N-
(trimethylsilyl)-, hydrolysis products
with silica
Silica
Silicone oil
Siloxanes and silicones, di-Me, 3-
lydroxypropyl Me, ethers with
solyethylene glycol acetate
Solvent naphtha (petroleum), light
aliphatic
Styrene
Styrene acrylic acid polymer #1
Styrene acrylic acid polymer #2
Styrene acrylic acid resin
retramethyldecyndiol
Thioxanthone derivative
Trimethylolpropane ethoxylate
triacrylate
Trimethylolpropane propoxylate
triacrylate
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate
Urea
CAS number
68152-50-1
NK
65997-05-9
68909-20-6
7631-86-9
63148-62-9
70914-12-4
64742-89-8
100-42-5
NK
NK
NK
126-86-3
NK
28961-43-5
53879-54-2
15625-89-5
57-13-6
Synonym
Fumarated rosin, diethylene glycol pentaerythritol
polymer •
-
Silicon dioxide
Siloxanes and silicones, di-Me
VM&P naphtha, Skellysolve
Ethenylbenzene
2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol
Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-
[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]-, ether with 2-ethyl-2-
(hydroxyfnethyl)-l ,3-propanediol
Poly(oxy(methyl-1 ,2-ethanediyl)), .alpha.-hydro-
.omega.-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)-, ether with 2-
ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1 ,3-propanediol (3:1)
2-Propenoic acid, 2-ethyl-2-(((1 -oxo-2-
propenyl)oxy)methyl-1 ,3-propanediyl ester
a Not known.
b Actual chemical name is confidential business information.
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. 3-A, page 5
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Table 3-A.2 Ink Additives Used in the Performance Demonstrations
Ink formulation
Solvent-based Ink #S1
Solvent-based Ink #S2
Water-based Ink #W1
Water-based Ink #W2
Site
9B
5
7
10
4
1
Color
blue
green
white
cyan
magenta
all colors
white
all other colors
blue, green
white
cyan
magenta
white
all other colors
blue
green
white
cyan
magenta
Chemical
propanol
none
propanol
n-propyl acetate
propylene glycol ether
trade secret
none
propanol
none
none
propanol
propylene glycol monomethyl ether
2-methoxy-1 -propanol
propylene glycol monomethyl ether
2-methoxy-1 -propanol
ethoxylated tetramethyl-decyndiol
none
isobutanol
ethyl carbitol
propanol
none
propanol
isobutanol
ethyl carbitol
ammonia
isobutanol
ethyl carbitol
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Table 3-A.2 Ink Additives Used in the Performance Demonstrations (continued)
Ink formulation
Water-based Ink #W3
Water-based Ink #W4
UV-curedlnk#U1
UV-cured Ink #U2
UV-cured Ink #U3
Site
2
3
9A
11
6
8
Color
blue
green
white
cyan
magenta
blue
green
white
cyan
magenta
blue
green
white
cyan
magenta
green
all other colors
all colors
all colors
Chemical
propanol
ammonia
asopropanol
polyfunctional aziridine
other compounds
propanol
ammonia
sopropanol
propanol
ammonia
sopropanol
ammonia
ammonia
propanol
isopropanol
Dropanol
ammonia
ammonia
extender
propanol
ammonia
ammonia
2-butoxyethanol
ammonia
propanol
ammonia
ammonia
none
solids
ethyl carbitol
petroleum distillate
propanol
ammonia
ammonia
1 ,6-hexanediol diacrylate
none
none
none
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Chemical Properties Data
NK = not known
NAVG = number average molecular weight
NA = not available
E = estimated
Acrylated epoxy polymer, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: NK
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: NAVG 1500
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Ko.:NA(E)
Log)0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Curable resin
Structure: An average of 2 acrylates/molecule
If
R and R' are not known
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Acrylated oligoamine polymer, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: NK
Molecular Formula: C, H, N, O
Molecular Weight: NAVG 2000
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log^: NA(E)
Log10K.,: NA(E)
Log,0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Curable resin
Structure: An average of 2 acrylates/molecule
O CD
R = polymer
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Acrylated polyester polymer #1, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: Ebecryl 870
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: NAVG 4350
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log^K^: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E) ,
Function in ink: Curable resin
Structure: An average of 5-6 acrylates/ molecule
O O O O
R, R', and R" are not known
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Acrylated polyester polymer #2, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: NK
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: NAVG 1500
Melting Point: NA°C(E)
Boiling Point: NA>C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10K00: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Curable resin
Structure: An average of 4 acrylates/ molecule
O O O o
R, R1, and R" are not known
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mpl (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Acrylic acid-butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate-styrene polymer,
CAS # 27306-39-4
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester, polymer with butyl 2-propenoate,
ethenylbenzene and 2-propenoic acid
Synonyms: NK Structure:
Molecular Formula: (C8H8.C7H12O2.CSH8O2.C3H4O2)X
Molecular Weight: >3000 (E)
Melting Point: >100 °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
NA(E)
NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA(E)
Function in ink: Resin
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Acrylic acid polymer, acidic #1, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: NK
Molecular Formula: (C3H402.C,H,O)X
Molecular Weight: NAVG 5000 (E)
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
: NA (E)
: NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
OR
R not equal to H
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Acrylic acid polymer, acidic #2, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: NK
Molecular Formula:(C3H402.C,H,O)x
Molecular Weight: NAVG 5000 (E)
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10Koc: NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
R not equal to H
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Acrylic acid polymer, insoluble, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: NK
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: NAVG >10,000 (E)
Melting Point: NA°C(E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10K00: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
OR
R not equal to H
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Alcohols, C11-15-secondary, ethoxylated, CAS # 68131-40-8
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Alcohols, C11-15-secondary, ethoxylated
Synonyms: Ethoxylated C11-15-secbndary Structure:
ales.
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: 347 (n = 3)
Melting Point: °C (E)
Boiling Point: >350 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: Dispersible g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
NA (E)
NA(E)
Log)0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Dispersant
R'
R+R' = C10-14 alkyl
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Amides, tallow, hydrogenated, CAS # 61790-31-6
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Amides, tallow, hydrogenated
Synonyms: Armid HT
Molecular Formula: C18H37NO (TYPCL)
Molecular Weight: 283.50 (TYPCL)
Melting Point: 152°C(E)
Boiling Point: >400 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.00003 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log,,,^: 6.70 (E)
Log,^: 5.01 (E)
Log,0BCF: 4.86 (E)
Function in ink: Vehicle
Structure:
CH3(CH2)12-
212-16
Henry's Law: 1E-6 atm-m3/mol (E)
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Ammonia, CAS # 7664-41-7
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Ammonia
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: NH3
Molecular Weight: 17.03
Melting Point: -77.7 °C (M)
Boiling Point: -33.35 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: >2160 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 310 (at 25 °C) g/L (M)
Density: vapor: 0.5967 (air = 1) (M)
liquid at -33 °C and 1 atm: 0.682 g/cm3
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10Koc: NA (E)
Lpg10BCF: NA,(E) ,
Function in ink: Buffer
Structure:
NH,
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
POTW Overall Removal Rate (%):
Ammonium hydroxide, CAS # 1336-21-6
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Ammonium hydroxide
Synonyms: Ammonia aqueous, Aqua
ammonia
Molecular Formula: H4N.HO
Molecular Weight: 35.05
Melting Point: NA °C (M)
Boiling Point: NA °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 2160 mm Hg (M)
FlashPoint: None °C (M)
Water Solubility: >1000 (miscible) g/L (E)
Density: 0.900 g/cm3 (M)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10Koc: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA(E)........
Function in ink: Buffer
Structure:
NH4OH
Approximately 28-29% NH3 in water.
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Barium, CAS # 7440-39-3
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Barium
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: Ba
Molecular Weight: 137.34
Melting Point: about 710 °C (E)
Boiling Point: about 1600 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: Reacts
Density: 3.60 g/cm3 (M)
Log^: NA (E)
Log10KM:NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Reactant
Structure:
Ba
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
2-Benzyl-2-(difnethylamino)-4l-morpholinobutyrophenone,
CAS # 119313-12-1
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 1-Butanone, 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-2-(phenylmethyl)-
Synonyms: 2-Benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4- Structure:
morpholinophenyl)-1 -butanone
Molecular Formula: C^\-\SON2O2
Molecular Weight: 366.51
Melting Point: 116-119 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 457 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.0061 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
4.50 (E)
: 3.66 (E)
Log10BCF:3.19(E)
Function in ink: NA, initiator (E)
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Butyl acetate, CAS # 123-86-4
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Acetic acid, butyl ester
Synonyms: Butyl ethanoate, 1-Butyl acetate
Molecular Formula: C6H12O2
Molecular Weight: 116.16
Melting Point: -78 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 124-126 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 11.5 mm Hg (M)
Flash Point: 22 °C (M)
Water Solubility: 6.29 g/L (M)
Density: 0.882 g/cm3 (M)
Log10Kow:1.78(M),1.85(E)
Log10K00:1.319(E)
Log10BCF:1.123(E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
Henry's Law: 0.000315 atm-m3/mol (E)
_^^__^^_^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^^MB^^^^^^^^^^M^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^™1^^™^^^^*^^^"^^^^^^^^^^
Butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate polymer. CAS # 25035-69-2
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with butyl 2-propenoate and methyl 2-methyl-2-
jropenoate
Synonyms: Methacrylic acid, polymer with butyl
acryiate and methyl methacrylate
Molecular Formula: (C7H12O2.C5H8O2.C4HeO2)x
Molecular Weight: >3000 (E)
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA(E)
Log10Koc: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
CH,
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Butyl carbitol, CAS # 112-34-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol
Synonyms: Butoxydiethylene glycol, Diethylene
glycol n-butyl ether
Molecular Formula: C8H18O3
Molecular Weight: 162.25
Melting'Point: -68.1 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 230.4 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 0.0219 mm Hg (M)
Hash Point: 110 °C open, 78 °C closed cup (M)
Water Solubility: 1000 g/L (miscible) (E)
Density: 0.967 g/cm3 (M)
0.56 (M), 0.29 (E)
1.0 (E)
Log10BCF: 0.196 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
C.I. Basic Violet 1, molybdatephosphate, CAS # 67989-22-4
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Benzenamine, 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-imino-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl], N-
Me-derivs., molybdatephosphates
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C20H19N3.Mo.H3O4P
Molecular Weight: 350 (E)
Melting Point: >250 (dec) °C(E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.0001 g/L (E)
Density: 1.5 g/cm3 (E)
: NA(E)
: NA (E)
Log,0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
C.I. Basic Violet 1, molybdatetungstatephosphate, CAS# 1325-82-2
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Benzenamine, 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-imino-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl]-, N-
Me derivs, molybdatetungstatephosphate
Synonyms: C.I. Pigment Violet 3
Molecular Formula: C19H19N3.Mo.W.H3PO4
Molecular Weight: >350 (E)
Melting Point: >250 (dec) °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: 450 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.001 g/L (E)
Density: 1.5 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10Koc: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
C.I. Pigment Blue 61, CAS # 1324-76-1
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Benzenesulfonic acid, ((4-((4-(phenylamino)phenyl)(4-(phenylamino)-2,5-
cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl)phenyl)amino)-
Synonyms: Reflex Blue R
Molecular Formula: C37H29N3O3S
Molecular Weight: 595.70
Melting Point: 350 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >450 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log,0Kow: 6.514 (E)
LoguKo,: 9.227 (E)
Log,0BCF: 4.721 (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
HO-S
.NHPh
•Position unspecified
Ph
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
C.I. Pigment Green 7, CAS # 1328-53-6
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: C.I. Pigment Green 7
Synonyms: Copper phthalocyanine Green
PG-7
Molecular Formula: Unspecified
Molecular Weight: >550 (E)
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: >450 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.001 g/L (E)
Density: 1.5 g/cm3 (E)
NA (E)
NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA(E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
R substitution/position unspecified
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
C.I. Pigment Red 23, CAS # 6471-49-4
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, 3-hydroxy-4-((2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo)-N-(3-
nitrophenyl)
Synonyms: Naphthol Red B
Molecular Formula: C24H17N5O7
Molecular Weight: 487.43
Melting Point: 322 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >500 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: 8.30 (E)
Log10K00: 4.9 (E)
Log10BCF: 6.08 (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
Henry's Law: <1 E-6 atm-m3/mol (E)
C.I. Pigment Red 48, barium salt (1:1), CAS # 7585-41-3
Chemical Properties and Information
Structure:
Chemical Name: 2-Naphthaienecarboxylic acid, 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-
barium salt (1:1) o.
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C16H13CIN2O6S.Ba
Molecular Weight: 558.14
Melting Point: >250 (dec) °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.1 g/L (E)
Density: 1.5 g/cm3 (E)
Log^K^: NA(E)
Log10Koc: NA (E)
Log1pBCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
C.I. Pigment Red 48, calcium salt (1:1), CAS # 7023-61-2
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-
calcium salt (1:1)
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C18H13CIN2O6S.Ca
Molecular Weight: 460.90
Melting Point: >250 (dec) °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.1 g/L (E)
Density: 1.5 g/cm3 (E)
: NA (E)
: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
Ca2*
Cl
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
C.I. Pigment Red 52, calcium salt (1:1), CAS # 17852-99-2
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-((4-chIoro-5-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)azo)-3-hydroxy-
calcium salt (1:1)
Synonyms: C.I. Pigment Red 52:1
Molecular Formula: C18H13CIN2O6S.Ca
Molecular Weight: 460.90
Melting Point: >250 (dec) °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.0001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 .5 g/cm3 (E)
Log,0Kow: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK!
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
C.I. Pigment Red 269, CAS # 67990-05-0
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, N-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[[2-methoxy-
5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]azo]-
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C32H25CIN4O6
Molecular Weight: 581.03
Melting Point: >350 °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: 8.24 (E)
Log10K00: 5.964 (E)
Log10BCF: 6.033 (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
'NHPh
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
C.I. Pigment Violet 23, CAS # 6358-30-1
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Diindolo(3,2-b:3',2'-m)triphenodioxazine, 8,18-dichloro-5,15-diethyl-5,15-dihydro-
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C-^Hg-jCy^Oa
Molecular Weight: 589.46
Melting Point: >200 °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.0001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10Koc: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
Henry's Law: N A atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
C.I. Pigment Violet 27, GAS #12237-62-6
Chemical Properties and Information
Structure:
Chemical Name: Ferrate(4-), hexakis(cyano-C)-, methylated 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-imino-2,5-
cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzenamine copper(2+) salts
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C, H, N . (CN)6Fe. Cu
Molecular Weight: >350 (E)
Melting Point: >250 (dec) °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.01 g/L
Density: 1.5 g/cm3 (E)
: NA(E)
: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
C.I. Pigment White 6, CAS # 13463-67-7
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Titanium oxide
Synonyms: Titanium dioxide, Unitane
Molecular Formula: O2Ti
Molecular Weight: 79.88 (based on empirical formula)
Melting Point: 1855 °C(M)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 4.23 (rutile); 3.9 (anatase); 4.13 (brookite) g/cm3
Log10Kow: NA(E)
LogwKo,,: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Pigment , •
Structure:
O=Ti=O
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
POTW Overall Removal Rate (%):
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APPEMD/X3-A(R1SK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
C.I. Pigment White 7, CAS # 1314-98-3
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Zinc sulfide
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: ZnS
Molecular Weight: 97.43
Melting Point: >500 (dec) °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.0007 g/L (E)
Density: 4.10 g/cma (M)
Log^: NA (E)
Log10K00:NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
Zn=S
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
C.I. Pigment Yellow 14, CAS # 5468-75-7
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Butanamide, 2,2l-((3,3'-dichloro(1,1l-biphenyl)-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo))bis(N-(2-
methy!phenyl)-3-oxo-
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C^HgoCI.^^
Molecular Weight: 657.52
Melting Point: 350 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >450 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: 7.02 (E)
Log10K00: 5.338 (E)
Log10BCF: 5.105 (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
~f ci,
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
C.I. Pigment Yellow 74, CAS # 6358-31-2
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Butanamide, 2-[(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-
Synonyms: 2-[(2-Methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo]- Structure:
o-acetoacetanisidide
Molecular Formula: C16H18N4O6
Molecular Weight: 386.34
Melting Point: 241 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >500 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.0038 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
: 2.99 (E)
Log10BCF: 2.04 (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
OMe
MeO'
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
Citric acid, CAS #77-92-9
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C6H8O7
Molecular Weight: 192.12
Melting Point: 152-154 °C(M)
Boiling Point: 407 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: > 600 g/L (E)
Density: 1.665 g/cm3 (M)
: -1.72(M),-1.67(E)
: 1.0 (E)
Log10BCF: -1.537(E)
Function in ink: Buffer
Structure:
DH
HO
OH
OH
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
D&C Red No. 7, CAS # 5281-04-9
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 3-Hydroxy-4-((4-methyI-2-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthylenecarboxylic acid, calcium
salt
Synonyms: Pigment Red, Cl 15850:1 (Ca
salt)
Molecular Formula: C18H14N2O6S.Ca
Molecular Weight: 426.45
Melting Point: >250 (dec) °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.001 g/L (E)
Density: 1.5'g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10K00: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
so,-
Ca2+
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Dicyclohexyl phthalate, CAS # 84-61-7
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dicyclohexyl ester
Synonyms: Phthalic acid, dicyclohexyl ester
Molecular Formula: C20H26O4
Molecular Weight: 330.43
Melting Point: 64-66 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 395 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: 0.0007 mm Hg (M)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.004 g/L (M)
Density: 0.9 g/cm3 (E)
Log^: 6.2 (E)
Log10K00: 4.25 (E)
Log10BCF: 4.48 (E)
Function in ink: Plasticizer
Structure:
Henry's Law: 6.43e-6 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt, CAS # 577-11-7
Chemical Properties and Information
Bu
Chemical Name: Suifosuccinic acid 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
Synonyms: Sulfobutanedioic acid, 1,4-bis(2- Structure:
ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt, Docusate Na
Molecular Formula: C20H3aO7S.Na
Molecular Weight: 444.55
Melting Point: 173-179 °C (M)
Boiling Point: >500 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA°C(M)
Water Solubility: 15g/L(M)
Density: 1.5 g/cm3 (E)
: 3.949 (E)
: 3.018 (E)
Log10BCF: 2.771 (E)
Function in ink: Surfactant
SO3- Na+
Bu
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide, CAS # 75980-60-8
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Phosphine oxide, diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C^H^C-aP
Molecular Weight: 348.38
Melting Point: 88-92 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 474 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.00699 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log.oK™: 3.87 (E)
Log10Koe: 2.895 (E)
Log10BCF:2.713(E)
Function in ink: Initiator
Structure:
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Dipropylene glycol diacrylate, CAS # 57472-68-1
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Propenoic acid, oxybis(methyl-2,1-ethanediyl) ester
Synonyms: None Structure:
Molecular Formula: C12H18O5
Molecular Weight: 242.30
Melting Point: -34 °C (E)
Boiling Point: 256 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: 0.0194 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.968 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow:1.675(E)
Log10K00:1.0(E)
Log10BCF: 1.043 (E)
Function in ink: Curing agent
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether, CAS # 34590-94-8
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 1,4-Dimethyl-3,6-dioxa-1-heptanol
Synonyms: 1-(2-Methoxyisopropoxy)-2- Structure:
propanol, (2-Methoxymethylethoxy)propanol
Molecular Formula: C7H16O3
Molecular Weight: 148.20
Melting Point: -80 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 189°C(M)
Vapor Pressure: 0.41 mm Hg (M)
Flash Point: 74 °C (M)
Water Solubility: 370 g/L
Density: 0.948 g/cm3 (M)
Log^K^: -1.99(E)
Log10K00: 1.0 (E)
Log10BCF: -0.381 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
OH
CH3 CHg
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light, CAS # 64742-47-8
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light
Synonyms: Kerosene (petroleum),
hydrotreated
Molecular Formula: C9H20 - C^H^
Molecular Weight: >130
Melting Point: -60 °C (E)
Boiling Point: 150-290 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <5 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.003 g/L (E)
Density: 0.8 g/cm3 (E)
: >4.7 (E)
Log)0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Defoamer
Structure:
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by
treating a petroleum fraction with hydrogen in the
presence of a catalyst. It consists of hydrocarbons
having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of
C9 and C16 and boiling in the range of approximately
150°Cto290°C. ( „ ,
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined light paraffinic,
CAS #64741-89-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Solvent refined light paraffinic
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C15H32-C30H62
Molecular Weight: >200 (E)
Melting Point: <25 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >250 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.03 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.00001 g/L (E)
Density: 0.8 g/cm3 (E)
: NA (E)
: NA (E)
LogtoBCF: NA(E)
Function in ink: Defoamer
distillate (petroleum)
Structure:
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as
the raffinate from a solvent extraction process. It
consists predominantly of saturated hydrocarbons
having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of
C15-C30 and produces a finished oil with a viscosity
of less than 100 SUS at 100 °F (19cSt at 40 °C).
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Erucamide, CAS # 112-84-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: cis-13-Docosenoamide
Synonyms: Erucyl amide
Molecular Formula: C22H43NO
Molecular Weight: 337.59
Melting Point: 79-81 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 461 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.0002 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log^K™: 8.445 (E)
Log10Koe: 6.071 (E)
Log10BCF: 6.188 (E)
Function in ink: Vehicle
Structure:
Henry's Law: 2.84E-6 atm-m3/mol (E)
Ethanol, CAS #64-17-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Ethyl alcohol
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C2H6O
Molecular Weight: 46.07
Melting Point: -114°C(M)
Boiling Point: 78 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 59.3 (M), 61.5 (E) mm Hg
FlashPoint: 8 °C (M)
Water Solubility: 1000 (miscible) g/L (M)
Density: 0.785 g/cm3 (M)
Log10Kow: -0.31 (M), -0.14 (E)
Log10Koc: 0 (E)
Log10BCF: -0.466 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
H3C OH
Henry's Law: 5.67E-6 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Ethanolamine, CAS # 141-43-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Aminoethanol
Synonyms: Glycinol, 2-Hydroxyethylamine
Molecular Formula: C2H7NO
Molecular Weight: 61 .08
Melting Point: 1 0.5 °C(M)
Boiling Point: 170 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 0.404 mm Hg (M)
Flash Point: 93 °C (M)
Water Solubility: Miscible g/L
Density: 1.01 2 g/cm3 (M)
Log,,,!^: 0 (E)
Log10BCF:-1.22(E)
Function in ink: Buffer
Structure:
H2N'
,OH
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
Ethoxylated tetramethyldecyndiol, CAS # 9014-85-1
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.,.alpha'.-[1,4-dimethyl-1,4-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2-
butyne-1,4-diyl]bis[.omega.-hydroxy-
Synonyms: Surfynol
Molecular Formula: (C2H4O)n(C2H4O)n(C2H4O)nC14H26O
Molecular Weight: >500 (E)
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: >300 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: Dispersible g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log.oK™: NA(E)
Log,0Koe:NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Dispersant __
Structure:
.OH
CH
CH,
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A. (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Ethyl acetate, CAS # 141-78-6
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Acetic acid, ethyl ester
Synonyms: Acetoxyethane, Ethyl ethanoate,
Ethyl acetic ester
Molecular Formula: C4H8O2
Molecular Weight: 88.11
Melting Point:-84 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 76.5-77.5 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 93.7 mm Hg (M)
Flash Point: -3 °C (M); 7.2 °C (open cup)
Water Solubility: 80 g/L (M)
Density: 0.902 g/cm3 (M)
: 0.73 (M), 0.86 (E)
,,,: 0.788 (E)
Log10BCF: 0.325 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
Henry's Law: 0.000158 atm-m3/mol (E)
Ethyl carbitol, CAS # 111-90-0
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol
Synonyms: Diethylene glycol ethyl ether; 3,6-
Dioxa-1 -octanol
Molecular Formula: C6H14O3
Molecular Weight: 134.18
Melting Point: -76 °C (E)
Boiling Point: 202 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 0.126 mm-Hg (M)
FlashPoint: 96 °C (M)
Water Solubility: 1000 (miscible) g/L (M)
Density: 0.999 g/cm3 (M)
Log10Kow: -0.54 (M), -0.69 (E)
Log10K00: 0 (E)
Log10BCF: -0.64 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, CAS # 10287-53-3
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Benzoic acid, 4-(dimethylamino)-, ethyl ester
Synonyms: Perbenate
Molecular Formula: C^H
Molecular Weight: 193.25
Melting Point: 64-66 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 269 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: 0.0044 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.173 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log^K^: 2.89 (E)
Log10K00:1.824(E)
Log10BCF:1.97(E)
Function in ink: Initiator
Structure:
OEt
Henry's Law: 7.33E-7 atm-m3/mol (E)
2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, CAS # 1241-94-7
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Phosphoric acid, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl ester
Synonyms: None Structure:
Molecular Formula: C20H27O4P
Molecular Weight: 362.41
Melting Point: 87 °C (E)
Boiling Point: 443 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.0019 g/L (M)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
5.73 (M), 4.205 (E)
: 4.125 (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Plasticizer
Ph
\
O
II
O—P-O
O.
Henry's Law: 2.7E-7 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOQRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Fatty acid, dimer-based polyamide, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: NK
Molecular Formula: C, H, N, O
Molecular Weight: NAVG 2500
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: >300 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 0.9 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10K00: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
limer-cont
R and R' are not known
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dinners, polymers with ethylenediamine,
hexamethylenediamine, and propionic acid, CAS # 67989-30-4
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, polymers with ethylenediamine,
hexamethylenediamine, and propionic acid
Synonyms: None Structure:
Molecular Formula: C, H, N, O
Molecular Weight: >600 (E)
Melting Point: >100 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >250 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10Koc:NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Representative structure
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Glycerol propoxylate triacrylate, CAS # 52408-84-1
Chemical Properties and Information
Structure:
Chemical Name: Poly[oxy)methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)}, .alpha.,. alpha1.,. alpha"., -1,2,3-
propanetriyltris[.omega.-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]- ,
Synonyms: .alpha-.-alpha'-.-alpha''..-!^^-
propanetriyltris[polypropylene glycol acrylate]
Molecular Formula: (C3H6O)n(C3H6O)n(C3H6O)nC12H14O6
Molecular Weight: >1000 (E)
Melting Point: NA°C(M)
Boiling Point: NA °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: >110°C(E)
Water Solubility: dispersible g/L (E)
Density: 1 .064 g/cm3 (M)
NA(E)
: NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Curing agent
CH3 O
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
n-Heptane, CAS # 142-82-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Heptane
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C7H16
Molecular Weight: 100.21
Melting Point: -90.7 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 98.4 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 46 mm Hg (M)
Flash Point: -1 °C open; -4 °C closed cup
Water Solubility: 0.0034 g/L (M)
Density: 0.684 g/cm3 (M)
Log,0KoW: 4.66 (M). 3.78 (E)
Log^: 2.439 (E)
Log,0BCF: 3.312 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
Henry's Law: 2.27 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate, CAS # 13048-33-4
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Propenoic acid, 1,6-hexanediyl ester
Synonyms: Acrylic acid, hexamethylene Structure:
ester, HDODA
Molecular Formula: C12H18O4
Molecular Weight: 226.28
Melting Point: -30 °C (E)
Boiling Point: 259 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: 0.0166 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: >110°C(E)
Water Solubility: 0.0748 g/L (E)
Density: 1.01 g/cm3 (M)
Log10Kow: 3.079 (E)
Log10K00: 2.101 (E)
Log10BCF: 2.110 (E)
Function in ink: Curing agent
Henry's Law: 3.7E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
1-Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, CAS # 947-19-3
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: (l-Hydroxycyclohexyl)phenylmethanone
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C13H16O2
Molecular Weight: 204.27
Melting Point: 47-50 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 290 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000165 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 1.882 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: 2.405 (E)
Log10K00: 1.731 (E)
Log10BCF: 1.598(E)
Function in ink: Vehicle
Structure;
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Hydroxylamine derivative, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: NK
Molecular Formula: C, H, N, O
Molecular Weight: 100-150 (E)
Melting Point: NA°C(E)
Boiling Point: 230-300 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.01 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <20 g/L (E)
Density: 0.9 g/cm3 (E)
NA(E)
: NA (E)
Log,0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Inhibitor
Structure:
OH
R and R' are not specified
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, CAS # 7473-98-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone
Synonyms: None Structure:
Molecular Formula: C10H12O2
Molecular Weight: 164.20
Melting Point: 54.5 °C (E)
Boiling Point: 235 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 0.00429 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: >110°C(E)
Water Solubility: 25.3 g/L (E)
Density: 1.077 g/cm3 (M)
1.08(E)
: 1.0 (E)
Log,0BCF: 0.591 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Henry's Law: 2.7E-6 atmrirvVmol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Hydroxypropyl acrylate, CAS # 25584-83-2
Chemical Properties and Information
Structure:
Chemical Name: 2-Propenoic acid, monoester'with 1,2-propanediol
Synonyms: Propyleneglycol acrylate, Acrylic
acid, hydroxypropyl ester
Molecular Formula: C6H10O3
Molecular Weight: 130.14
Melting Point: -4.4 °C (E)
Boiling Point: 191 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 0.124 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: 89 °C (M)
Water Solubility: 183.5g/L(E)
Density: 1.044 g/cm3 (M)
Log10Kow: 0.245 (E)
Log10Koc: -0.044 (E)
Log10BCF: 0.904 (E)
Function in ink: Reactive diluent
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
Isobutanol, CAS # 78-83-1
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Methyl-1-propanol
Synonyms: 1 -Hydroxymethylpropane,
Isobutyl alcohol
Molecular Formula: C4H10O
Molecular Weight: 74.12
Melting Point: -108°C(M)
Boiling Point: 107.89 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 10.4mmHg(M)
Flash Point: 27 °C closed cup (M)
Water Solubility: 1000 (miscible) g/L (E)
Density: 0.803 g/cm3 (M)
Log10Kow: 0.76 (M), 0.77 (E)
Log10Koc: 0.311 (E)
Log10BCF: 0.348 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
H3C
OH
Henry's Law: 9.99E-6 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPH1C INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Isopropanol, CAS # 67-63-0
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Propanol
Synonyms: Isopropyl alcohol, 2-propyl
alcohol
Molecular Formula: C3H8O
Molecular Weight: 6.10
Melting Point: -88.5 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 82.5 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 45.4 mm Hg (M)
Flash Point: 11.7 °C closed cup (M)
Water Solubility: 1000 (miscible) g/L (E)
Density: 0.785 g/cm3 (M)
: 0.05 (M), 0.28 (E)
: 0.025 (E)
Log10BCF: -0.192 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
Henry's Law: 7.52E-6 atm-m3/mol (E)
Isopropoxyethoxytitanium bis(acetylacetonate), CAS # 68586-02-7
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Titanium, ethoxybis(2,4-pentanedionato-O,O')(2-propanolato)-
Synonyms: 2-Propanol, titanium complex
Molecular Formula: C15H26O6Ti
Molecular Weight: 350.25
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: >250 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.01 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: 30 °C (E)
Water Solubility: Reacts
Density: 1.1 g/cm3 (E)
KOV,: NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink' Adhesion oromoter
Structure:
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
2-Isopropylthioxanthone, CAS # 5495-84-1
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 9H-Thioxanthen-9-one, 2-(1 -methylethyl)-
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C16H14OS
Molecular Weight: 254.35
Melting Point: 141.7°C(E)
Boiling Point: 379 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: 0.00002 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.000032 g/L (E)
Density: 0.9 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: 5.54 (E)
Log10Koc: 3.983 (E)
Log10BCF: 3.980 (E)
Function in ink: Photoinitiator
Structure:
Henry's Law: 9.99E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
4-lsopropylthioxanthone, CAS # 83846-86-0
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 9H-Thioxanthen-9-one, 4-(1-methylethyl)-
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C16H14OS
Molecular Weight: 254.35
Melting Point: 141.7°C(E)
Boiling Point: 379 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000002 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.000032 g/L (E)
Density: 0.9 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: 5.54 (E)
Log10K00: 3.983 (E)
Log10BCF: 3.980 (E)
Function in ink: Photoinitiator
Structure:
Henry's Law: 9.99E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Kaolin, CAS #1332-58-7
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Kaolin
Synonyms: Clays, white, Aluminum silicate
hydroxide
Molecular Formula: AI2Si2O5(OH)4
Molecular Weight: 258.16 (from Emp. Form.)
Melting Point: >500 °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 2.75 g/cm3(E)
: NA(E)
e,: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Pigment
Structure:
A clay that is essentially kaolinite, a hydrated
aluminum silicate. It has a high fusion point and is
the most refractory of all clays:
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Methylenedisalicylic acid, CAS # 27496-82-8
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Benzoic acid, methylenebis[2
Synonyms: Methylenedisalicylic acid
Molecular Formula: C15H12O6
Molecular Weight: 288.26
Melting Point: 220 °C (E)
Boiling Point: 51 7 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.0076 g/L (E)
Density: 0.9 g/cm3 (E)
: 4.52 (E)
hydroxy-
Structure:
Log10BCF: 3.2 (E)
Function in ink: NA, crosslinker (E)
*Positions not specified
Henry's Law: <1 E-6 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
2-Methyl-4'-(methylthio)-2-morpholinopropiophenone, CAS # 71868-10-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Methyl-4'-(methylthio)-2-morphoIinopropiophenone
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C15H21NO2S
Molecular Weight: 279.40
Melting Point: 74-76 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 372 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: 0.0000135 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 1.077 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: 2.726 (E)
Log10K00: 2.552 (E)
Log10BCF: 1.842(E)
Function in ink: Antioxidant, photinitiator
Structure:
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
Mineral oil, CAS # 8012-95-1
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Mineral oil
Synonyms: Paraffin oils
Molecular Formula: C, H
Molecular Weight: >100 (E)
Melting Point: <25 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >200 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.01 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.0001 g/L (E)
Density: 0.8'5 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: .NA(E)
Log10K00: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E) .
Function in ink: Vehicle
Structure:
Liquid hydrocarbons from petroleum.
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Nitrocellulose, CAS # 9004-70-0
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Cellulose nitrate
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C, H, N, O
Molecular Weight: >1000 (E)
Melting Point: NA°C(M)
Boiling Point: >350 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 1000 (miscible) g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
™: NA (E)
: NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
R = OH or NO2
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Paraffin wax, CAS # 8002-74-2
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes
Synonyms: Paraffin
Molecular Formula: CnH2n+2 (n>20, TYPCL)
Molecular Weight: >280 (TYPCL)
Melting Point: 50-57 °C (M)
Boiling Point: >250 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.0004 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L(E)
Density: about 0.9 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA(E)
Log,0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Wax
Structure:
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained
from petroleum fractions (by solvent crystallization or
the sweating process) or from the catalytic
hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. It consists
predominantly of straight chain hydrocarbons having
carbon numbers predominantly greater than C20.
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Phosphine oxide, bis(2)6-dimethoxybenzoyl)(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)->
CAS #145052-34-2
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Phosphine oxide, bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C26H35O7P
Molecular Weight: 490.54
Melting Point: 90 °C (E)
Boiling Point: 480 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.00054 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: 3.724 (E)
Log^: 2.528 (E)
Log10BCF: 2.60 (E)
Function in ink: Plasticizer
Structure:
OMe
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
Polyethylene, CAS # 9002-88-4
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Polyethylene
Synonyms: Ethylene polymer
Molecular Formula: (C2H4)n
Molecular Weight: 1500-100,000
Melting Point: 85-110 °C (M)
Boiling Point: NA °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 0.92 g/cm3 (M)
: NA (E)
Ko,,: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Wax
Structure:
n
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Polyethylene glycol, CAS # 25322-68-3
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-
Synonyms: PEG, Polyglycol, Structure:
Polyoxyethylene
Molecular Formula: (C2H4O)n
Molecular Weight: 200 - 9000 (TYPCL)
Melting Point: -65 °C (M)
Boiling Point: >250 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: 1000 (miscible) g/L (E)
Density: 1.1 g/cm3(E)
NA(E)
: NA (E)
Log,0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Dispersant
HO
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Polyol derivative A, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Polyol derivative A
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: >400
Melting Point: >280 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >600 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: >300g/L(E)
Density: 1 g/crri3 (E)
Log10Kow: -2.76 (E)
Log10Koc:1.0(E)
Log,0BCF: -2.33 (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
R = OH or other
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Polytetrafluoroethylene, CAS # 9002-84-0
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Polytetrafluoroethylene
Synonyms: PTFE, Polytef, Teflon
Molecular Formula: (C2F4)n
Molecular Weight: >1000 (E)
Melting Point: ,321 (gels) °C (M)
Boiling Point: monomer gas formed at 400
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 2.25 g/cm3 (M)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10Koc: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Wax
DC(M)
Structure:
F F
F F
Henry's Law: NAatm-m3/mol (E)
Propanol, CAS #71-23-8
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 1-Propanol
Synonyms: n-Propyl alcohol,
1-hydroxypropane
Molecular Formula: C3H8O
Molecular Weight: 60.10
Melting Point: -127 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 97.2 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 21 (M), 23.4 (E) mm Hg
FlashPoint: 15°C(M)
Water Solubility: 1000 (miscible) g/L (E)
Density: 0.804 g/cm3 (M)
Log10Kow: 0.25 (M), 0.35 (E)
Log10Koc: 0.122 (E)
Log10BCF: -0.04 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
,OH
Henry's Law: 7.52E-6 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Propyl acetate, CAS # 109-60-4
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Acetic acid, propyl ester
Synonyms: 1-Acetoxypropane
Molecular Formula: C5H10O2
Molecular Weight: 102.13
Melting Point: -92 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 101.6°C(M)
Vapor Pressure: 33.7 (M), 34.4 (E) mm Hg
FlashPoint: 14 °C closed cup (M)
Water Solubility: 18.9 (M), 15.5 (E) g/L
Density: 0.888 g/cm3
: 1.24 (M), 1.36 (E)
1.053(E)
Log,0BCF: 0.712 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
Henry's Law: 0.000223 atm-m3/mol (E)
Propylene glycol methyl ether, CAS # 107-98-2
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 1-Methoxy-2-propanol
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2
Molecular Weight: 90.12
Melting Point: -142 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 118-119 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 12.5 mm Hg (M)
Flash Point: 33 °C (M)
Water Solubility: 1000 g/L (miscible) (E)
Density: 0.922 g/cm3 (M)
Log)0Kow: -0.489 (E)
Log10BCF: -0.602 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
OH
Henry's Law: 1.81E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Propylene glycOl propyl ether, CAS # 1569-01-3
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 1-Propoxy-2-propanol
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C6H14O2
Molecular Weight: 118.18
Melting Point: -80 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 140-160 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 1.7 mm Hg (M)
Flash Point: 48 °C (M)
Water Solubility: 125 g/L (E)
Density: 0.885 g/cm3 (M)
Log10Kow: 0.49 (E)
Log10K00: 0 (E)
Log10BCF:0.145(E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
OH
Henry's Law: 3.46 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
Resin acids, hydrogenated, methyl esters, CAS # 8050-15-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Resin acids and rosin acids, hydrogenated, Me esters
Synonyms: Hydrogenated resin acid Me Structure:
esters
Molecular Formula: C21H36O2 (TYPCL)
Molecular Weight: 320.5
Melting Point: 113 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >350 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.00002 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.00001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow:6.918(E)
Log^K,,: 5.07 (E)
Log10BCF: 5.028 (E)
Function in ink: Resin
cr o
Representative structure
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Resin, acrylic, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: NK
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: NAVG >30,000 (E)
Melting Point: NA°C(E)
Boiling Point: >350 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: >500 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA(E)
Log,^: NA(E)
Log,0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
R = H and/or other
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Resin, miscellaneous, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: NK
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: NAVG 30,000 (E)
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: >350 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
: NA (E)
: NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure: Unknown
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
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APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Rosin, fumarated, polymer with diethylene glycol and pentaerythritol,
CAS #68152-50-1
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Rosin, fumerates, polymer with diethylene glycol and pentaerythritol
Synonyms: None Structure:
Molecular Formula: (C5H12O4.C4H10O3.Unspecified)x
Molecular Weight: >1000 (E)
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: >300 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0,001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3(E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10Koc:NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin, vehicle
OR
R = continued polymer
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Rosin, fumarated, polymer with pentaerythritol, 2-propenoic acid, ethenylbenzene,
and (1 -methylethylenyl)benzene, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Rosin, fumarated, polymer with pentaerythritol, 2-propenoic acid, ethenylbenzene,
and (l-methylethylenyl)benzene
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: (C5H12O4.unspecified)x
Molecular Weight: NAVG 2290
Melting Point: >100 °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA(E)
Log10K00: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E) ,
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
RO"
R = continued polymer
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 49
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Rosin, polymerized, CAS # 65997-05-9
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Rosin, polymd.
Synonyms: Gum rosin WW, polymers; Wood
rosin, Poly-pale resin
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: NAVG >1000 (E)
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: >250 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
: NA(E)
: NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
Polymer containing the
above resin
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Silanamine, l.l.l-trimethyl-N-Ctrimethylsilyl)-, hydrolysis products with silica, CAS #
68909-20-6
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Silanamine, l.l.l-trimethyl-N-ttrimethylsilyl)-, hydrolysis products with silica
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C, H, O, Si
Molecular Weight: >10000 (E)
Melting Point: >500 °C (E)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L(E)
Density: 1 .5 g/cm3 (E)
NA(E)
LogroBCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Defoamer
Structure:
—Si—
O
R-0-Si-O-R
R = H or continued polymer
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 50
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Silica, CAS #7631-86-9
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Silicon dioxide
Synonyms: Silicic anhydride
Molecular Formula: SiO2
Molecular Weight: >10,000 (60.09 from Emp. Form.)
Melting Point: 1550 °C (M)
Boiling Point: NA °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.0001 g/L (E)
Density: 2.2 (amorphous) g/cm3 (M); 2.65 (quartz) g/cm3
Log^: NA(E)
Log10Koe: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: NA, defoamer (E)
Structure:
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Silicone oil, CAS#63148-62-9
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Siloxanes and silicones, di-Me
Synonyms: .alpha.-Methyl-.omega.-
methoxypolydimethyl siloxane,
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)
Molecular Formula: (Si(CH3)2O)n
Molecular Weight: >1000 (E)
Melting Point: <-40 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >450 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: 315 °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 0.963 g/cm3
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log^: NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: NA, defoamer (E)
Structure:
RO—t— Si—(
R = H or continued polymer
Henry's Law: atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 51
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Siloxanes and silicones, di-Me, 3-hydroxypropyl Me, ethers with polyethylene glycol
acetate, CAS # 70914-12-4
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Siloxanes and silicones, di-Me, 3-hydroxypropyl Me, esters with polyethylene glycol
acetate
Synonyms: None
Molecular Formula: C, H, O, Si
Molecular Weight: >1000 (E)
Melting Point: >1 00 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >350 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: Dispersible g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
: NA(E)
Log,0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: wetting agent, defoamer
Structure:
R = H or continued polymer
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
r
Solvent naphtha (petroleum), light aliphatic, CAS # 64742-89-8
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Solvent naphtha(petroleum), light aromatic
Synonyms: Skellysolve
Molecular Formula: C5H10-C10H22
Molecular Weight: 100 (E)
Melting Point: <-80 °C (E)
Boiling Point: 35-160 °C(E)
Vapor Pressure: <355 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.2 g/L (E)
Density: 0.8 g/cm3 (E)
: NA(E)
^: NA (E)
Log,0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
Complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from
the distillation of crude oil or natural gas. It consists
predominantly of saturated hydrocarbons having
carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C5
through C10 and boiling in the range of approximately
35°Cto160°C.
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 52
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-A (RISK]
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Styrene, CAS # 100-42-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Ethenylbenzene
Synonyms: Vinylbenzene
Molecular Formula: C8H8
Molecular Weight: 104.15
Melting Point: -31 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 145-146 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 6.4 mm Hg (M)
Flash Point: 31 °C (M)
Water Solubility: 0.31 g/L (M)
Density: 0.909 g/cm3 (M)
Log10Kow: 2.95 (M), 2.89 (E)
Log10K00: 2.714 (E)
Log10BCF: 2.102 (E)
Function in ink: Curing agent
Structure:
Henry's Law: 0.00281 atm-m3/mol (E)
Styrene acrylic acid polymer #1, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: Styrene acrylic acid polymer
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: NAVG > 30,000
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: >300 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log^: NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
R = H and/or other
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 53
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Styrene acrylic acid polymer #2, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: Styrene acrylic adic polymer
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: NAVG >10,000
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: >300 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L(E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
: NA(E)
: NA (E)
Log,0BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
R = H and/or other
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Styrene acrylic acid resin, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: Styrene acrylic acid resin
Molecular Formula: C, H, O
Molecular Weight: >10000
Melting Point: NA°C(E)
Boiling Point: >300 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FiashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.000001 g/L(E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log^K™: NA(E)
Log,0K.o: NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Resin
Structure:
OR
R = H or other
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 54
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Tetramethyldecyndiol, CAS # 126-86-3
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2I417,9-Tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol
Synonyms: Surfynol 104
Molecular Formula: C14H26O2
Molecular Weight: 226.36
Melting Point: 42-44 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 255 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 0.00099 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: >110°C(E)
Water Solubility: 0.052 g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Lo&oK^ 3.609 (E)
Log10Koc: 1.328 (E)
Log10BCF: 2.513 (E)
Function in ink: Solvent
Structure:
OH
OH
Henry's Law: 2.44E-7 atm-m3/mol (E)
Thioxanthone derivative, CAS # NK
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: NK
Synonyms: NK
Molecular Formula: C, H, O, S
Molecular Weight: 260 (E) (for R = iPr)
Melting Point: 150 °C (E)
Boiling Point: >350 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.00001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: <0.00005 g/L (E)
Density: 0.9 g/cm3 (E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10K00: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Photoinitiator
Structure:
R position and content unspecified
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 55
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Titanium diisopropoxide bis(2,4-pentanedionate) CAS#, 17927-72-9
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Titanium, bis(2,4-pentanedionato-.kappa.O,.kappa.O')bis(2-propanolato)-
Synonyms: 2-Propanol, titanium complex; Structure:
diiospropoxytitanium bis(acetylacetonate)
Molecular Formula: C16H28O6Ti
Molecular Weight: 364.30
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: >250 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.01 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: 12 °C (M)
Water Solubility: Reacts
Density: 0.995 g/cm3 (M)
KoW: NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Adhesion promoter
Henry's Law: NA atm-rrvVmol (E)
Titanium isopropoxide, CAS# 546-68-9
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt
Synonyms: Tetraisopropyl titanate
Molecular Formula: C12H32O4Ti
Molecular Weight: 284.26
Melting Point: 1 8-20 °C(M)
Boiling Point: 232 °C (M)
Vapor Pressure: 0.1 1 mm Hg (E)
Flash Point: 22 °C (M)
Water Solubility: Reacts
Density: 0.963 g/cma (M)
NA(E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Adhesion promoter
Structure:
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 56
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate, CAS .# 28961-43-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]-, ether with
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (3:1),
Synonyms: Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, triacrylate Structure:
Molecular Formula:
Molecular Weight: >500 (E)
Melting Point: NA °C (E)
Boiling Point: >250 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: NA °C (M)
Water Solubility: Dispersible g/L
Density: 1 g/cm3 (E)
Log^: NA (E)
Log10K00: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Curable resin
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
Trimethylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate, CAS # 53879-54-2
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Poly(oxy-(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)-,
ether with 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (3:1)
Synonyms: None Structure:
Molecular Formula: (C3HeO)n(C3H6O)n(C3H6O)nC15H20O6
Molecular Weight: >500 (E)
Melting Point: NA °C (M)
Boiling Point: >250 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: <0.000001 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: >110°C(E)
Water Solubility: Dispersible g/L (E)
Density: 1 g/cm3(E)
Log10Kow: NA (E)
Log10K00: NA (E)
Log10BCF: NA (E)
Function in ink: Curable resin
Henry's Law: NA atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 57
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-A (RISK)
FLEXOGRAPHIC INK FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate, CAS # 15625-89-5
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-ethyl-2-(((1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediol
Synonyms: TMPT, acrylic acid, triester with Structure:
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
Molecular Formula: C15H20O6
Molecular Weight: 296.32
Melting Point: 27 °C (E)
Boiling Point: 322 °C (E)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000563 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: >110°C(E)
Water Solubility: 0.0463 g/L (E)
Density: 1.10g/cm3(M)
: 2.863 (E)
: 3.282 (E)
Log10BCF: 1.946(E)
Function in ink: Curing agent
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
Urea, CAS #57-13-6
Chemical Properties and Information
Chemical Name: Urea
Synonyms: Carbamide, Carbonyldiamine,
Carbonyl diamide
Molecular Formula: CH4N2O
Molecular Weight: 60.06
Melting Point: 133-135 °C (M)
Boiling Point: 158 °C (dec) (E)
Vapor Pressure: 0.207 mm Hg (E)
FlashPoint: °C (M)
Water Solubility: 1000 g/L (miscible) (E)
Density: 1.335 g/cm3 (M)
: -2.11 (M),-1.56 (E)
: 0.632 (E)
Log,0BCF:-1.834(E)
Function in ink: Slip additive
Structure:
i.
H2N NH2
Henry's Law: <1 E-8 atm-m3/mol (E)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-A, page 58
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-B (Risk Chapter)
Human Health and Ecological Hazard Results
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-B, page 1
September 2000
-------
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APPENDIX 3-B
HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARD RESULTS
REFERENCES FOR TABLES 3-B.l AND 3-B.2
1. ATSDR. 1990. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Ammonia.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta.
2. IRIS. 1997. Integrated Risk Information System. Online. Office of Research and Development, National
Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH.
3. Tarasenko, N.Y., O.A. Pronin, and A.A. Silaev. 1977. Barium compounds as industrial poisons (an
experimental study). J. Hyg. Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 21:361-373.
4. CIBA-GEIGY. 1992. Initial Submission: Letter from CIBA-GEIGY submitting information on a 14-day
oral range-finding toxicity study with IRGACURE 369 in rats. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8E.
U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-920004628. Microfiche No. OTS0537609.
5. Makshanova E.I., et al. 1977. [Title not given]. Zdravookhr Beloruss 4:81-82. Cited in HSDB, 1992.
6. RTECS. 1993. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. MEDLARS Online Information
Retrieval System, National Library of Medicine. Updated 05/11/93. Retrieved June, 1993.
7. U.S. EPA. 1989. HERD Project 10:008. Review of Section 4 Test Data- "A 90-day dermal
toxicity/fertility study in rats with diethylene glycol butyl ether (DGBE)". Memorandum from J. Seed,
HERD OPTS, USEPA to C.Roman, ECAD, OPTS, USEPA. October 18.
8. U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects of Selected Aqueous Cleaner Chemicals. Health and
Environmental Review Division/Office of Toxic Substances, pp. 28-37.
9. U.S. EPA. 1991. HERD Profile. Diethylene glycol butyl ether. Working Draft.
10. Nolen G.A., et al. 1985. [Title not given]. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 5:1137-1143.
11. Hobson D.W., J.F. Wyman, L.H. Lee et al. 1986. Evaluation of the subchronic toxicity of diethylene
glycol butyl ether administered orally to rats. Summary submitted to Test Rules Development Branch,
USEPA/OTS. Cited in U.S. EPA, 1991.
12. SIDS. 1990. Screening International Data Set. SIDS Profile on the chemical Copper, [29H, 31H-
phflialocyaninato-(2-)] (C.I. Pigment Blue 15).
13. Anonymous. 1995. Kupferphthalocyanin, chloriert. Toxikologische Bertwung 229:15.
14. NTP. 1992. National Toxicology Program. Technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies
of C.I. Pigment Red 23 (CAS No. 6471-49-4) in F344 rats and B6C3F mice (Feed Studies). NTP TR 411.
National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC. NIH Pub. No. 93-3142.
15. RTECS. 1997. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. MEDLARS Online Information
Retrieval System, National Library of Medicine.
16. Stokinger, H.E. 1981. Titanium. In Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volume 2A. Third Revised
Edition. Clayton, G.D. and F.E. Clayton, Eds. John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp. 1968-1981.
17. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 1982. Bisazobiphenyl dyes derived from benzidine and its
congeners, orthotolidine (dimethylbenzidine) and dianisidine (dimethoxylbenzidine). Submitted to EPA
under TSCA Section 8D. U.S. EPA Doc. No. 87-8220328. Microfiche No. OTS0215029.
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18. Katz G.V. and Guest D. 1994. Aliphatic carboxylic acids. In: Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology,
4th ed., Vol. II, PartE, Toxicology, G.D. Clayton and F.E. Clayton, Eds. John Wiley and Sons, New
York, pp. 3587-3589.
19. MHW, Japan 1993. Unpublished report on combined repeat dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity
screening test of D & C Red No 7.
20. Bornmann, G., A. Loeser, K. Mikulicz and K. Ritter. 1956. Uber das Verhalten des Organismus bei
Einwirkung verschiedener Weichmacher (Behavior of the organism as influenced by various plasticizers).
Z. Lebens.-Unters. Forsch. 103:413. (In German).
21. MacKenzie K, Henwood S, Foster G, et al. 1990. Three-generation reproduction study with dioctyl sodium
sulfosuccinate in rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 15(l):53-62.
22. Hansen M.K. M. Larsen, K.H. Cohr. 1987. A review of their chemistry and toxicology and the results of
determinations made during their use. Scandinavian J. Work Environ, and Health. 13(6):473-485.
23. BASF. 1992. Preliminary neurotoxicity study of Lucirin R8728 (Functional observational battery) in rats
after 13 weeks administration by oral gavage. 8E document 8EHQ-0592-4415. Washington, DC: USEPA,
OPPT.
24. Atlantic Richfield Company. 1983. TSCA Section 8(E) substantial risk notice for dipropyleneglycol .
diacrylate (DPGDA) with EPA response dated 11/01/82. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8E. U.S.
EPA Doc. No. 88-8300429. Microfiche No. OTS0503681.
25. U.S. EPA. Date not given. Chronic skin absorption of propylene glycol methyl ether (33B) and -
dipropylene glycol ethyl ether (SOB) in Rabbits. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8D. U.S. EPA
Doc. No. 86-890001219. Washington, DC:OPPT,USEPA.
26. Landry T.D., B.L. Yano. 1984. Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether: a 13-week inhalation toxieity study
in rats and rabbits. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 4:612-617.
27. Browning E. 1965. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents, New York: American Elsevier.
28. Confidential. 1992. Lifetime dermal carcinogenesis bioassay of selected petroleum streams in GDI mice
(final) with attachments and letter dated 2/28/92 (sanitized). Submitted to U.S. EPA under TSCA Section
8E. EPA Microfiche No. OTS0535767.
29. Standard Oil Co. 1984. Dermal sensitization results for several petroleum refinery process streams and
formulated/blend products. Submitted to U.S. EPA. March 15, 1984. EPA Microfiche No. FYI-OTS-0384-
0301.
30. IARC. 1988. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of
Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Alcohol Drinking. Volume 44.
31. Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 1994. Eds. G. Clayton and F. Clayton. Fourth Edition, Volume
2, Part D. Chapter 30: Alcohpls. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
32. Anonymous. 1989. Health and Safety Studies for Diethanolamine with Cover Letter Dated 4/19/89.
EPA/OTS Docs. No. 86-890000205.
33. ACGIH. 1991. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of Threshold
Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, 6th ed. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH.
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34. Mankes R.F. 1986. Studies on the embryopathic effects of ethanolamine in long-evans rats: preferential
embryopathy in pups contiguous with the male siblings in utero. Teratogen Carcinogen Mutagen. 6:403-
417.
35. Eastman Kodak Co. 1992. TSCA sec 8(e) submission 8EHQ-92-10925 initial. Skin sensitization study in
guinea pigs. Washington, DC: OTS, USEPA.
36. Haskell Laboratory. 1996. 90-Day inhalation study with — in rats (Preliminary report). 8E submission
8EHQ-0896-13703. Washington, DC:USEPA.
37. Guant et al. 1968. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 6(6):689.
38. Dow Chemical Company. 1984. Reproduction and fertility assessment study on diethylene glycol
monoethyl ether in mice (final report). Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8E. U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-
920001720. Microfiche No. OTS0537183. Washington, DC:OPPT, USEPA.
39. Hardin et al. 1984. Environmental Health Perspectives. 57:69-74.
40. Browning. 1965. [Title not given] Tox and Metab Indus Solv. 632.
41. Monsanto. 1988. The effect of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate on rat hepatic peroxisomes with cover
letter dated 05/09/91. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8(d). U.S. EPA Doc. No. 86-910000810.
Microfiche No. OTS0529442.
42. Monsanto. 1992. Initial submission: A single generation reproduction study with 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl
phosphate (EHDP) in rats with cover letter dated 01/12/93. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8(e).
U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-930000142. Microfiche No. OTS0538371.
43. Bio/Dynamics Inc. 1984. A Subacute Dermal Study Toxicity Screen in Rats. Submitted to EPA under
TSCA Section 8E. U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-920006657. Microfiche No. OTS0543730. Washington,
DC:OPPT,USEPA. Retrieved 1991.
44. Eastman Kodak Company. 1992. Repeated Oral Administration of Five Ketones and n-Heptane to Rats.
TSCA 8EHQ-92-11177. Washington, DC:OPPT, USEPA.
45. Bio/Dynamics Inc. 1980. 26-week Inhalation toxicity study of heptane in the rat with cover letter. TSCA
8E submission FYI-AX-1081-0135. Washington, DC:OPPT,USEPA.
46. Hoeschst Celanese Corporation. 1982. Teratology screen in rats. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section
8E. U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-920000172. Microfiche No. OTS0534622.
47. Cavelier C. et al. 1981. [Title not given]. Ann. Dermato. Venereol. 108:559-66.
48. Celanese Chemical Company. 1982. Acute vapor inhalation toxicity study in rats. EPA Document NO.
FYI-OTS-0487-0544, Microfiche No. OTS0000544-4.
49. CIBA-GEIGY. 1985a. Initial submission: Preliminary testing for subacute toxicity in a 4-week experiment
on rats with oral application of Darocur 1173 with cover letter dated 07/01/94. Submitted to EPA under
TSCA Section 8E. U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-940000339. Microfiche No. OTS0556297.
50. CIBA-GEIGY. 1985b. Initial submission: Skin sensitization study of Darocur 1173 using Magnusson
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maximization test in the guinea pig with cover letter dated 07/19/93. Submitted to EPA under TSCA
Section 8E. U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-940000377. Microfiche No. OTS0555512.
51. Dow Chemical Company. 1983. Initial submission: Repeated inhalation toxicity of hydroxypropyl acrylate
(final report) with cover letter dated 04/21/92. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8(e). U.S. EPA
Doc. No. 88-920002542. Microfiche No. OTS0537352.
52. Tsulaya R.V., et al. 1978. Gig Sank. Volume 5. pp. 6-9.
53. BASF AG. 1990. Department of Toxicology, unpublished results (Project number 33s0057/88021).
54. Hazelton Laboratories. 1983. 28-day subchronic percutaneous toxicity. Submitted to EPA under TSCA
Section 8E. U.S. EPA Doc. No. 86870000155. Microfiche No. OTS0513340. Washington, DC:OPPT,
U.S. EPA.
55. Baikov B.K., et al. 1974. Hygienic standardization of the daily average maximum permissible
concentrations of propyl and isopropyl alcohols in the atmosphere. Gig Sanit. 4:6-13.
56. Antonova and Salmina. 1978. The maximum permissible concentration of isopropyl alcohol in water
bodies with due regard for its action on the gonads and the progeny. Gig Sanit. 1:8-11.
57. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 1987. Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an
updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic
risks to humans. Supplement 7:70.
58. Rowe V.K. and S.B. McCollister. 1982. Alcohols. In: Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 3rd ed.,
Vol. 2C, G.D. Clayton and F.E. Clayton, eds. New York: John Wiley and Sons, p. 4527-4704.
59. Proctor and Gamble. Undated. Unpublished data.
60. Patterson and Staszak. 1977. Effects of geophagia (kaolin ingestion) on the maternal blood and embryonic
development in the pregnant rat. Journal of Nutrition 107(11):2020.
61. Carborundum Company. 1992. letter from Carborundum Company to USEPA regarding the results of an
on-going chronic animal study on man-made refractory ceramic fibers (RFC). 8E Document 8EHQ-0892-
0553. Washington, DC: OPPT, USEPA.
62. CIBA-GEIGY. 1986. Final report for the 3 month oral toxicity study in rats for TK12955 (irgacure 907)
with cover letter dated 10/30/86. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8(e). U.S. EPA Doc. No. 89-
870000028. Microfiche No. OTS0509735-1.
63. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 1984. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Part 2,
Carbon Blacks, Mineral Oils (Lubricant Base Oils and Derived Products) and Some Nitroarenes.
64. CIBA-GEIGY. 1993. 14-Day Range Finding Study of Bis(2,6-Dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-
Trimethylpentylphosphine oxide in rats. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8E. U.S. EPA Doc. No.
88-930000361. Microfiche No. OTS0571017. Washington, DC:OPPT,USEPA.
65 CIBA-GEIGY. 1992. Skin sensitization test in the guinea pig maximization test. Submitted to EPA under
TSCA Section 8E. U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-930000131. Microfiche No. OTS0538360. Washington,
DC:OPPT,USEPA.
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66. Smyth, H.F. Jr., C.P. Carpenter, C.S. Weil. 1950. Am Pharm Assoc Sci Ed. 39:349.
67. Rowe, V.K. and M.A. Wolf. 1982. Glycols. In Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Volume I,
G.D. Clayton and F.E. Clayton Eds. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. P. 3817-3908.
68. U.S. EPA. 1993. Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables, Annual Update: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (March 1993).
69. Hanley T.R., J.T. Young, J.A. John, et al. 1984. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and
propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME): Inhalation fertility and teratogenicity studies in rats, mice
and rabbits. Environ Health Perspect. 57:7-12.
70. Sittingbourne Research Center. 1985. Toxicology of industrial chemicals: the acute oral and percutaneous
toxicity, skin and eye irritancy and skin sensitizing potential with methyl proxitol. Submitted to EPA under
TSCA Section 8E. U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-920002329. Microfiche No. OTS0536381. Washington,
DC:OPPT, USEPA.
71. Bushy Run Research Center. 1990. Propasol Solvent P: fourteen-week vapor inhalation study with fischer
344 and sprague dawley rats. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8E. U.S. EPA Doc. No. 89-
900000372. Microfiche No. OTS0513453-3. Washington, DC:OPPT,USEPA.
72. Bushy Run Research Center. 1992. Developmental Toxicity Study of Propasol Solvent P Vapor in CD
(Sprague-Dawley) Rats. TSCA 8EHQ-92-11311. Washington, DC:OPPT, USEPA.
73. Bushy Run Research Center. 1986. PROPASOL Solvent P: Acute Toxicity and Primary Irritancy Studies.
TSCA 8EHQ-0592-3985. Washington, DC:OPPT, USEPA.
74. Haskell Laboratories. 1968. Three week feeding study in rats with polytetrafiuoroethylene resins (Teflon).
8E Document 8EHQ-92-12219. Washington, DC:OPPT, USEPA.
75. Zapp. 1962. Toxic and health effects of plastics and resins. Archives of Environmental Health 4:335-346.
76. Gibel, W., K. Lohs, G.P. Wildner, and T. Schram. 1974. Experimental studies on the cancerogenic effect
of higher alcohols, as illustrated by 3-methyl-l-butanol, 1-propanol and 2-methyl-l-propanol. S Exp Chir
ChirForsch. 7:235-239.
77. Weese, H. 1928. Comparative investigation of the potency and toxicity of vapors of the lower aliphatic
alcohols. Arch Expt Pathol Pharmakol. 135: 118-130 (German).
78. Nelson, B.K., W.S. Brightwell, D.R. Mackenzie-Taylor et al. 1988. Food Chem Toxicol. 26: 247-254.
79. U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Propyl Alcohol. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH. ECAO-
ON-G005.
80. Smyth, H.F.Jr, C.P. Carpenter, C.S. Weil, et al. 1969. Range-finding toxicity data: List VII. Am Ind Hyg
Assoc J. 30(5):470-476.
81. Munch, J.C. 1972. Lad Med. 41(4):31-33.
82. Lovelace Research Institute. 1990. Chronic inhalation study being conducted at Lovelace Inhalation
Toxicology Research Institute on polyacrylate polymer.
83. Lovelace Research Institute. 1992. Letter Submitting a Status Update for a Chronic Inhalation Study in
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Rats onPolyacrylate Polymer. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8E. U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-
920000523. Washington, DC:OPPT,USEPA.
84. Lindenschmidt et al. 1991. Effects of oral administration of a high-molecular weight crosslinked
polyacrylate in rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 17(1):128-135.
85. McGrath et al. 1995. Long-term effects of a cross-linked polyacrylate superabsorbent in hamster. J Appl
Tox. 15:69-73.
86. Rice C.H., R.L. Harris Jr., H. Checkoway et al. 1986. Dose-response relationships for silicosis from a
case-control study of North Carolina dusty trade workers. In: Goldsmith D., D.M. Winn, and C.M. Shy,
Eds., Silica, Silicosis, and Cancer. New York: Praeger Publishers, pp. 77-86.
87. Dow Corning Corporation. 1966. Report to dow corning corporation 28-day subacute dermal RBA study
on five silicone fluids with cover letter dated 04/20/94. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8D. U.S.
EPA Doc. No. 86-940001082. Microfiche No. OTS05563536.
88 Dow Corning. 1985. Study of the tolerance to a Dow Corning food additive and its effect upon nutrient
absorption, with cover letter dated 05/09/94. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8(d). U.S. EPA Doc.
No. 86-940001002. Microfiche No. OTS0557411.
89 Dow Corning Corporation. 1966. Report to Dow Corning Corporation rabbit teratogenic study of TX-135B
with cover letter dated 04/20/97. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8(d). U.S. EPA Doc. No.,86-
940001073. Microfiche No. OTS0556527.
90. Dow Corning Corporation. 1953. Acute Inhalation toxicity masonry water repllents and constituents with
cover letter dated 04/20/94. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8(d). U.S. EPA Doc. No. 86-
940001031. Microfiche No. OTS0556501.
91. Kishi, R., Y. Katakura, T. Ikeda, B.Q. Chen and H. Miyake. 1992. Neurochemical effects in rats
following gestational exposure to styrene. Toxicol Lett. 63:141-146.
92. Murray, F.J., J.A. John, M.F. Balmer.et al. 1978. Teratologic evaluation of styrene given to rats and
rabbits by inhalation or by gavage. Toxicology. 11:335-343.
93. Rhone-Poulenc Inc. 1984. Initial submission: An oral teratology screening study of trimethylolpropane
ernoxytriacrylate, glyceryl propoxy diacrylate and * in rats with cover letter dated 10/27/92. Submitted to
EPA under TSCA Section 8(e). U.S. EPA Document No. 88-920010699. Microfiche No. OTS0555967.
94. Du Pont Chemical. 1973. Initial submission: Acute inhalation and subacute inhalation toxicity of 1,3-
propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl), triacrylate in rats with cover letter dated 11/15/92. Submitted to
EPA under TSCA Section 8(e). U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-920009671. Microfiche No. OTS0571328.
95. NTP. 1997. 13-week dermal toxicity study of trimethylolpropane triacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate
(CAS Nos. 15625-89-5 and 3524-68-3). Unpublished report submitted by Battelle Laboratories to NTP,
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Reserach Triangle Park, NC, April, 1997.
96. Rhone-Poulenc Inc. 1979. Initial submission: Letter from Rhone-Poulenc Inc. to USEPA regarding
teratology screen studies of various compounds in rats with attachments and cover letter dated 10/27/92.
Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8(e). U.S. EPA Doc. No. 88-920009562. Microfiche No.
OTS0571218.
97. Union Carbide. 1974. Initial submission: Letter submitting combined intracutaneous and topical
sensitization of four chemicals in die guinea pig. Submitted to EPA under TSCA Section 8(e). U.S. EPA
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Doc. No. 88-920004598. Microfiche No. OTS0537579.
98. Fleischman R.W. et al. 1980. Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology. 3:149-170.
99. Seipelt H., K. Zoellner, E. Hilgenfeld, H. Grossman. 1969. Untersuchungen an Niereg neugeborener
Ratten nach chronischer Harnstoffapplikation beiin Muttertier. Zschr Urol. 62:623-627.
100. AlchangianL.V. etal. 1983. Vestn Dermatol Venerol. 9:26-29.
101. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 1997. Silica, Some Silacates, Coal Dust and Para-
Ararnid Fibrils. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, Vol.
68. Lyon: IARC, pp 41-242.
102. Dodd D.E. et al. 1983. Ethylene glycol monoalkyl-ethers: acute, 9-day, and 90-day vapor inhalation
studies in Fischer 344 rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 68:405-414.
103. HardinB.D. etal. 1984. [Title not given]. Environ Health Perspectives 57:69-74.
104. Hardin B.D. et al. 1987. [Title not given]. Carcinog Mutagen 7:29-48.
105. Mellon Institute of Industrail Research. 1963. Results of three monhts of inclusion of Butyl CELLOSOLVE
in the diet of rats. 8E document 8EHQ-92-12447. Washington, D.C.: USEPA.
106. WBL Research Laboratories, Inc. 1983. 90-Day subchronic dermal toxicity study in rabbits with ethylene
glycol monobutyl ether. TSCA FYI submission FYI-AX-0683-0178, microfiche 0178. Washington, D.C.:
USEPA.
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ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
Hazard Profile
The environmental hazard assessment of chemicals consists of the identification of the
effects that a chemical may have on organisms in the environment. An overview of this
assessment process has been reported, for example, by Smrchek and Zeeman (1998)1 and
by Zeeman and Gilford (1993a)2. The effects are expressed in terms of the acute and
chronic toxicity of a chemical on the exposed organisms. There are generally given as
either the lethal concentration (LC) or as the effective concentration (EC), which describe
the type and seriousness of the effect for a known concentration of a chemical. When the
effective concentrations for a range of species for a chemical are tabulated, the tabulation
is called a Hazard Profile or Toxicity Profile. A more detailed discussion of a
comprehensive Hazard Profile has been presented by Nabholz, 1991.3 The most frequently
used Hazard Profile for the aquatic environment consists of a set of six effective
concentrations as reported by Nabholz, et al., (1993a).4 These are:
• Fish acute value (usually a fish 96-hour LC50 value)
• Aquatic invertebrate acute value (usually a daphnid 48-hour LC50 value)
• Green algal toxicity value (usually an algal 96-hour EC50 value)
» Fish chronic value [usually a fish 28-day chronic value (ChV)]
• Aquatic invertebrate chronic value (usually a daphnid 21-day ChV)
• Algal chronic value [usually an algal 96-hour no effect concentration (NEC) or
geometric mean maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (GMATC) value for
biomass]
For the acute values, the LC50 (lethality or mortality) or EC50 (non-lethal effects) refers to
the concentration that results in 50 percent of the test organisms affected at the end of the
specified exposure period in a toxicity test. The chronic values represent the concentration
of the chemical that results in no statistically significant sublethal effects on the test
organism following an extended or chronic exposure.
The Hazard Profile can be constructed using effective concentrations based on toxicity test
data (with measured test chemical concentrations) or estimated toxicity values based on
Structure Activity Relationships (SARs). The measured values are preferred because they
are based on actual test data, but SAR estimates, if available for the chemical class, can
be used in the absence of test data. Thus the Hazard Profile may consist of only measured
data, only predicted values, or a combination of both. Also, the amount of data in the
hazard profile may range from a minimum of one acute or chronic value to the full
compliment of three acute values and three chronic values.
In the absence of measured toxicity values, estimates of these values can be made using
Structure Activity Relationships (SARs). SAR methods include Quantitative Structure
Activity Relationships (QSARs), qualitative SARs or the use of the chemical analogs. The
use of SARs by OPPT has been described in other texts.3 The use and application of
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QSARs specifically for the hazard assessment of new TSCA chemicals has been presented
in other information sources as well.6 The development, validation and application of
SARs in OPPT have been presented by OPPT staff.7-8'9-10-11-12
The predictive equations (QSARs) are used in lieu of actual test data to estimate a toxicity
value for aquatic organisms within a specific chemical class. The chemical classes and
subclasses with available QSARs, numbering a total of 140, have been listed.13'14
Although the equations are derived from correlation and linear regression analysis based
on measured data, the confidence intervals associated with the equation are not used to
provide a range of toxicity values. Even with measured test data, the use of the confidence
limits to determine the range of values is not used.
Determination of Concern Concentration
Upon completion of a hazard profile, a concern concentration (CC) is determined. A
concern concentration is that concentration of a chemical in the aquatic environment which,
if exceeded, may cause a significant risk to aquatic organisms. Conversely, if the CC is
not exceeded, the assumption is made that probability of a significant risk occurring is low
and no regulatory action is required. The CC for each chemical is determined by applying
Assessment Factors (AsF)15 or Uncertainty Factors (UF)16 to the effect concentrations in
the hazard profile.
These factors incorporate the concept of the uncertainty associated with (1) toxicity data;
laboratory tests versus field test and measured versus estimated data and (2) species
sensitivity. For example, if only a single LCJO value for a single species, is available,
there are several uncertainties to consider. First, how reliable is the value itself? If the test
were to be done again by the same laboratory or a different laboratory, would the value
differ, and if so, by how much? Second, there are differences in sensitivity (toxicity)
among and between species that have to be considered. Is the species tested the most or
the least sensitive? In general, if only a single toxicity value is available, there is a large
uncertainty about the applicability of this value to other organisms in the environment and
large assessment factor, i.e., 1000, is applied to cover the breadth of sensitivity known to
exist among and between organisms in the environment. Conversely, the more information
that is available results in more certainty concerning the toxicity values and requires the
use of smaller factors. For example, if toxicity values are derived from field tests, then
an assessment factor on 1 is used, because these tools measure chemical effects on field
organisms.
Four factors are used by OPPT to set a CC for chronic risk: 1, 10, 100, and 1000. The
factor used is dependent on the amount and type of toxicity data contained in the hazard
profile and reflects the amount of uncertainty about the potential effects associated with a
toxicity value. In general, the more complete the hazard profile and the higher the quality
of the generated toxicity data, the smaller the factor that is used. The following discussion
describes the use and application of the uncertainty or assessment factors:
• If the hazard profile only contains one or two acute toxicity values, the concern
concentration is set at 1/1000 of the acute value.
• If the hazard profile contains three acute values (called the base set), the concern
concentration is set at 1/100 of the lowest acute value.
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HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARD RESULTS
• If the hazard profile contains one chronic value, the concern concentration is set
at 1/10 of the chronic value if the value is for the most sensitive species.
Otherwise, it is 1/100 of the acute value for the most sensitive species.
• If the hazard profile contains three chronic values, the concern concentration is
set at 1/10 of the lowest chronic value.
» If the hazard profile contains a measured chronic value from a field study, then
an assessment factor of 1 is used.
Hazard Ranking
Chemicals can be also be ranked by their hazard concern levels for the aquatic
environment. This ranking can be based upon the acute toxicity values expressed in
milligrams per liter (mg/L). The generally accepted scoring used by OPPT is as
follows:17-18
High Concern (H) ^ 1
Moderate (or Medium) Concern (M) > 1 and <, 100
Low Concern (L) > 100
This ranking can also be expressed in terms of chronic values as follows:
High Concern (H) ^ 0.1
Moderate (or Medium) Concern (M) > 0.1 and < 10.0
Low Concern (L) > 10.0
Chronic toxicity ranking takes precedent over the acute ranking.
REFERENCES
1. Smrchek, J.C. and M.G. Zeeman. 1998. "Assessing Risks to Ecological Systems from Chemicals."
Handbook of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management. P. Calow, Ed. Blackwell Science Ltd.,
Oxford, UK, 1998, pp. 24-90.
2 Zeeman, M.G. and James Gilford. 1993a. "Ecological Hazard Evaluation and Risk Assessment Under
EPA's Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): An Introduction". Environmental Toxicology and Risk
Assessment. ASTM STP 1179, Wayne G. Landis, Jane S. Hughes, and Michael A. Lewis, Eds.,
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 7-21.
3. Nabholz, J.V., 1991. "Environmental Hazard and Risk Assessment Under the United States Toxic
Substances Control Act,: The Sci nee of the Total Environment, Vol. 109/110, pp. 649-665.
4 Nabholz, J.V., Miller, P., and Zeeman, M., 1993a "Environmental Risk Assessment of New Chemicals
Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Section Five," Environmental Toxicology and Risk
Assessment. ASTM STP 1179, Wayne G. Landis, Jane S. Hughes, and Michael A. Lewis, Eds.,
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 40-55.
5 Clements R.G. (Ed.) 1994. "Estimating Toxicity of Industrial Chemicals to Aquatic Organisms Using
Structure Activity Relationships, 2nd ed." EPA-748-R-93-001, Environmental Effects Branch, Health
and Environmental Review Division (7403), Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 3-B
HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARD RESULTS
8.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. PB94-108206, National Technical Information
Services (NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Va. 22161.
6. Clements, R.G., J.V. Nabholz, D.W. Johnson and M. Zeeman. 1993a. "The Use and Application of
QSAR's in the Office of Toxic Substances for Ecological Hazard Assessment of New Chemicals".
Environmental Toxicology and R sk Assessment ASTM STP 1179, Wayne G. Landis, Jane S. Hughes,
and Michael A. Lewis, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 56-
64.
7. Zeeman, M.G. Nabholz, J.V., and R.G. Clements. 1993b. "The Development of SAR/QSAR for Use
Under EPA's Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): An Introduction. Environmental Toxicology and
Risk Assessment. 2nd Volume. ASTM STP 1216, J.W. Gorsuch, F. James Dwyer, Christopher G.
Ingersoll, and Thomas W. La Point, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia,
1993, pp. 523-539.
Boethling, R.S. 1993. Structure Activity Relationships for Evaluation of Biodegradability in the EPA's
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment. 2nd
Volume. ASTM STP 1216, J.W. Gorsuch; F. James Dwyer, Christopher G. Ingersoll, and Thomas W.
La Point, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 540-554.
9. Clements, R.G., J.V. Nabholz, D.E. Johnson, and M.G. Zeeman. 1993b. "The Use of Quantitative
Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) as Screening Tools in Environmental Assessment".
Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment. 2nd Volume. ASTM STP 1216, J.W. Gorsuch, F.
James Dwyer, Christopher G. Ingersoll, and Thomas W. La Point, Eds., American Society for Testing
and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 555-570.
10. Nabholz, J.V., Clements, R.G., Zeeman, M.G., Osborn, K.C. and R. Wedge. 1993b "Validation of
Structure Activity Relationships Used by the USEPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics for the
Environmental Hazard Assessment of Industrial Chemicals. Environmental Toxicology and Risk
Assessment. 2nd Volume. ASTM STP 1216, J.W. Gorsuch, F. James Dwyer, Christopher G. Ingersoll,
and Thomas W. La Point, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp.
571-590.
11. Newsome, L.D., Johnson, D.E. and J.V. Nabholz. "Quantitative Structure-Activity Predictions for
Amine Toxicity Algae and Daphnids". Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment. 2nd Volume.
ASTM STP 1216, J.W. Gorsuch, F. James Dwyer, Christopher G. Ingersoll, and Thomas W. La Point,
Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 591-609.
12. Lipnick, R.L. "Baseline Toxicity QSAR Models: A Means to Assess Mechanism of Toxicity for Aquatic
Organisms and Mammals. Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment. 2nd Volume. ASTM STP
1216, J.W. Gorsuch, F. James Dwyer, Christopher G. Ingersoll, and Thomas W. La Point, Eds.,
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 610-619.
13. Clements, R.G., J.V. Nabholz, M.G. Zeeman, C. Auer. 1995. "The Relationship of Structure-Activity
Relationships (SARs) in the Aquatic Toxicity Evaluation of Discrete Organic Chemicals." SAR and
OSAR in Environmental Research 3: 203-215.
14. Smrchek and Zeeman, 1998.
15. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 1984. "Estimating Concern Levels for Concentrations
of Chemical Substances in the Environment," Environmental Effects Branch, Health and
Environmental Review Division (7403) Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
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APPENDIX 3-B
HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARD RESULTS
16 Smrchek, J.C., R. Clements, R. Morcock, and W. Rabert. "Assessing Ecological Hazard Under TSCA.
Methods and Evaluation of Data." Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment. ASTM MP II /y,
Wayne G. Landis, Jane S. Hughes, and Michael A. Lewis, Eds., American Society for Testing and
Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, pp. 22-39.
17. Ibid.
18 Wagner P M Nabholz, J.V., Kent, RJ. 1995. "The New Chemicals Process at the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA): Structure-Activity Relationships for Hazard Identification and Risk
Assessment." Toxicology Letters 79:67-73.
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APPENDIX 3-B
HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARD RESULTS
Table 3-B.3 Estimated Lowest Aquatic Toxicity Values of Flexographic Ink Chemicals Based on
SAR Analysis or on Actual Measured Test Data
I Chemical
jJAcryiated epoxy polymer
||Acrylated digoamine polymer
|Acrylated polyester polymer #1
IJAcrylated polyester polymer #2
IJAcrylic acid-butyl acrylate-methyl
Hmothacrylate-styrene polymer
IJAcryllc acid polymer, acidic #1
llAcryllc acid polymer, acidic #2
IJAcryllc acid polymer, insoluble
IJAIcohols, CH-15-secondary, ethoxylated
||Amides, tallow, hydrogenated
llAmmonia fresh water
II salt water
IJAmmonium hydroxide
IJBarium
|J2-Benzyl-2-(dimethyiamino)-4'-
fmorpholinobutyrophenone
|JButyl acetate
IJButyl acrylate-methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate
polymer
|Butyl carbitol fresh water
Jf salt water
IJC.I. Basic Violet 1, molybdatephosphate
IJc.l, Basic Violet 1, molybdatetungstatephosphate
|JC,I. Pigment Blue 15
JC.I. Pigment Blue 61
IJc.l. Pigment Green 7
IJC.I. Pigment Red 23
IJc.l. Pigment Red 48, barium salt (1 :1 )
1C.I. Pigment Red 48, calcium salt (1:1)
IJC.I. Pigment Red 52, calcium salt (1:1)
||c.l. Pigment Red 269
|c.l. Pigment Violet 23
C.I. Pigment Violet 27
|c.l. Pigment White 6
IJC.I. Pigment White 7
|c.l. Pigment Yellow 14
|c.l. Pigment Yellow 74
(Citric acid
I in hard water
Acute toxicity (mg/L)
Fish
Invert.
Algal
Chronic toxicity (mg/L)
Fish
a
Concern
concen-
a
a
a
a
2300
2300
2400
2400
9
9
230
230
240
240
a
1
0.93
1.1
12
580
2.0
25
1
b
1.91
1.0
32
24
1
170
1300
170
0.05
ora
0.08
ora
1300
821
0.05
ora
0.05
ora
1
b
2.4
>30
31
1.5
2
0.2
0.002
0.07
0.06
1
23
0.3
3
0.2
0.005
0.6
0.14
3
13
0.2
7.8
a
760
0.05
ora
0.04
ora
140
0.05
ora
0.008
ora
41
0.005
ora
0.005
ora
a
£70
s70 j £10
z7
a
s.7
1
1
0.3
0.01
0.6
>3
7.7
0.6
1.5
40
0.01
ora
0.01
ora
s1
>1
>1
0.02
0.001
0.01-
0.006
0.3
0.8
0.02
0.2
.:;-.-,
2-4
0.001
0.001 for
solub.20.005
0.1
a
230
230
30
230
230
40
20
20
170
23
23
3
23
23
3
a
2
2
220
0.3
0.3
0.3
a
0.05
ora
0.05
ora
0.05
ora
0.005
ora
0.005
ora
a
0.005
ora
0.001
a
a
a
>100
>100
5
100
10
10
1
30
0.1
3.0
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 3-B
HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARD RESULTS
Table 3-B.3 Estimated Lowest Aquatic Toxicity Values of Flexographic Ink Chemicals Based on
SAR Analysis or on Actual Measured Test Data (continued)
============================^======1=
Chemical
___ -_. sssSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSESSSSSSSSSSSSaSSSi
D&C Red No. 7
Dicvolohexyl phthalate
Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)
phosphne oxide
Dipropylene glyool methyl ether
Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light
Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined
liaht paraffinic
Ethanol
Ethanolamine
Ethoxylated tetramethyldecynidiol
EthVl acetate
Ethvl carbitol
— I •
Ethyl 4-dimethvlaminobenzoate
— i : • —
||2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate
Fatty acid, dimer-based polyamide
Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, polymers with
ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, and
propionic acid
Glyoerol propoxylate triaorylate
||n-Heptane
||l ,6-Hexanediol diacrylate
||l-Hydroxylcyclohexyl phenyl ketone
llHydroxylamine derivative
||2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone
llHydroxypropyl acrylate
Isobutanol
Isopropoxyethoxytitaniumbis(acetylacetonate)
2-lsopropylthioxanthone
4-lsopropylthioxanthone
Kaolin
Methylenedisalicylic acid
2-Methyl-4'(methylthio)-2-morpholinopropiophoenone
I Mineral oil
=====
Acute toxicity (mg/L)
Fish
=S5==
29
3
3
3.8
5000
0.23
Invert.
=====
37
3
5.2
26
4600
0.3
Algal
""_ --•- L
20
30
0.43
2.7
2600
0.22
Chronic toxicity (mg/L)
Fish
===
>3
0.03
0.5
0.4
0.25
500
0.05
Invert.
=====
2.6
0.03
0.61
3
110
Algal
2
0.04
3
0.35
6
0.1
Concern II
concen- II
tration II
0.2-0.3
0.003
0.05
0.04
0.03
10
0.005
4300
1035
>50
66
>1000
13
4000
100
>50
>1000
>1000
15
6100
63
>50
5
>1000
10
0.05
390
200
>10
900
2
0.03
76
10
>10
>100
190
1.3
0.03
60
0.85
>10
3.7
150
1.9
0.04
6
0.09
1
0.1
0.003
a
s4.5
0.41
2.4
33
s54
450
4.9
930
2700
13
b
b
>1000
>100
45
'
Nitrocellulose I >10°
Paraffin wax
Phosphine oxide, bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)
Polyethylene glycol
s14
0.52
7.6
37
s3.9
460
160
910
2600
15
b
b
>1000
>100
51
b
>100
s1.6
0.37
0.82
24
^6.8
280
15
530
1400
10
b
b
>1000
30
33
b
>100
a
£0.13
0.08
0.2
4.8
5=5
52
1.7
97
260
2
0.004
0.03
ora
>100
>10
6.6
0.002
ora
>10
sO.1
0.08
0.8
2.6
sOA
18
20
26
57
1.4
0.004
0.03
ora
50
>10
3.6
0.004
ora
>10
sO.4
0.15
0.07
3.6
<:1.4
20
4
25
48
2.3
0.004
0.03
ora
>100
3
5
0.010
ora
>10
a
5.1
ora
>100
5.1 I 0.78
ora I ora
0.9
ora
>1o
1.2
ora
>10
0.62
ora
>10
0.008
0.007
- 0.3
0.04
2
0.2
2.5
5
0.1,i1.0°
0.001
0.003
5.0
0.3
0.4
0.001
1
0.06
1
|
J
.. ....-i.-,™-**!^1 -3-R naneSR bepleillUel ^UUU
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 3-B
HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARD RESULTS
Table 3-B.3 Estimated Lowest Aquatic Toxicity Values of Flexographic Ink Chemicals Based on
SAR Analysis or on Actual Measured Test Data (continued)
1
Chemical
[Pdyd derivative A
Potytetrafluoroethylene
Propylene glycol methyl ether
Propylene glycol propyl ether
Rosin acids, hydrogenated, methyl esters
Rosin, fumarated, polymer with diethylene glycol and
pentaerythritol
JRosin, fumarated, polymer with pentaerythritol, 2-
ipropenoic acid, ethenylbenzene, and (1-
||methylethylenyi)bBnzene
HRosin, polymerized
JSilanamine, 1 .1 ,1-lrimelhyl-N-(trimelhylsiIyl)-,
Ifhydrolysis products with silica
Silica
ISitoxanes and silioones, di-Me, 3-hydroxypropyl Me,
IJethofs with polyethylene glyool acetate
jSdvont naphtha (petroleum), light aliphatic
|Styrene
|Styrono acrylic acid polymer #1
|Styrene acrylic acid polymer #2
Ijstyrono acrylic acid resin
IJThioxanUione derivative
IjTitanium diisopropoxide bis (2,4-pentanedionate)
IJTitanium isopropoxide
|Trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate
||Trimelhylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate
||TrimothyIolpropane triacrylate
jlUrea
Acute toxicity (mg/L)
Fish
>1000
Invert.
>1000
Algal
>1000
Chronic toxicity (mg/L)
Fish
>100
>100
>100
Concern
concen-
10
a
1800
41
>1000
^1000
aSOO
1700
430
>1000
21000
2400
970
3.2
>1000
2980
b
9
180
4
>1000
2180
0.001
ora
230
42
16
210
247
0.001
ora
240
36
2.4
160
244
0.005
ora
1
4
0.2
20
4
0.001
>1
a
a
a '
>100
ora
>100
ora
>100
ora
>10
ora
>10
ora
>10
ora
>1
ora
a
>100
ora
>100
1.8
4
2300
a300
2300
31
a220
a2900
28
sS.5
4.1
>1000
>100
ora
>100
2.2
13
2400
2400
2400
30
2110
22700
270
z22
23.0
> 1000
>100
ora
>100
1.5
0.72
9
9
9
30
b
219
21500
27
s2.4
2.4
> 1000
>10
ora
>10
0.31
1.6
230
230
230
3
0.05
ora
220
2270
2 0.6
sO.21
0.21
>100
>10
ora
>10
0.23
0.95
240
240
240
3
0.05
ora
210
260
27
sZ.
2
>100
>10
ora
>10
0.38
0.06
1
1
1
3
0.05
ora
26
250
22
sO.6
0.6
1.0ora
>1
0.02
0.006
>1
>1
>1
0.3
0.005
0.5
5
0.06
0.02
0.02
No effects are expected because the chemical is a polymer or a high-molecular weight compound. The high molecular weight (greater
than 600 or 1 ,000) prevents passage through biological membranes.
b No toxic effects are expected in a saturated solution during the prescribed test duration, or no toxic effects can be measured due to low
water solubility.
c Tho first value (0.1) pertains to the stable complex of this chemical, and the second value (>1 .0) pertains to the hydrolysis products.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARD RESULTS
Table 3-B.4 Environmental Hazard Ranking of Flexographic Ink Chemicals
Chemical
Acrvlated epoxy polymer
lAcrvlated oliqoamine polymer
lAcrvlated polyester polymer #1
lAcrvlated polyester polymer #2
[Acrylic acid-butyl acrylate-methyl
methacrylate-styrene polymer
Acrylic acid polymer, acidic #1
Acrylic acid polymer, acidic #2
Acrylic acid polymer, insoluble
Alcohols, C11-15-secondary, ethoxylated
Amides, tallow, hydrogenated
Ammonia
Ammonium hydroxide
Bartum
2-Benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-4'-
moroholinobutyrophenone
— : : :
Butvl acetate
Butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid-methyl
methacrvlate polymer
— . 1 Z—Z — .
Butvl carbitol
C.I. Basic Violet 1 , molybdatephosphate
C.J. Basic Violet 1 , molybdatetungstatephosphate
C I. Pigment Blue 15
C.I. Pigment Blue 61
C I. Pigment Green 7
C.I. Pigment Red 23
C I. Pigment Red 48, barium salt (1:1)
|c I Pigment Red 48, calcium salt (1:1)
|C I Pigment Red 52, calcium salt (1:1)
C I Pigment Red 269
C I Pigment Violet 23
Cl Pigment Violet 27
C.I. Pigment White 6
C I Pigment White 7
C I Pigment Yellow 14
f* I Pinmpnt Yellow 74
D&C Red No.7
Dicyclohexyl phthalate
CAS number
'
27306-39-4
68131-40-8
61790-31-6
7664-41-7
1336-21-6
7440-39-3
119313-12-1
123-86-4
25035-69-2
112-34-5
67989-22-4
1325-82-2
147-14-8
1324-76-1
1328-53-6
6471-49-4
7585-41-3
7023-61-2
17852-99-2
67990-05-0
6358-30-1
12237-62-6
13463-67-7
1314-98-3
5468-75-7
6358-31-2
77-92-9
5281-04-9
84-61-7
Lowest chronic
value (mg/L)
b
1
1
0.2
0.002
0.06
1
7.7
0.2
1.5
40
0.005
0.005
<1
2
2
3
0.005
1
2
0.03
Hazard rank3
L
L
L
L
L
M
M
L
M
H
H
M
L
M
M
L
L
H
H
L
M
L
L
M
M
M
L
L
H
L
L
L
L
M
M
H
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 3-B
HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARD RESULTS
Table 3-B.4 Environmental Hazard Ranking of Flexographic Ink Chemicals (continued)
II Chemical
pioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt
||Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)
llphosphine oxide
IJDipropylene glycol diacrylate
IJDipropylene glycol methyl ether
IJDistillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light
((Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined
light paraffinic
IJErucamide
11
Ethanol
IJEthanolamine
(JEthoxy/ated tetramethyldecyndiol
IJEthyl acetate
Ethyl carbitol
IJEthyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate
|J2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate
IJFatty acid, dimer-based polyamide
IJFatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, polymers with
ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, and
jpropionic acid
IJGlycerol propoxylate triacrylate
|jn-Heptane
|l,6-Hexanediol diacrylate
|l-Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone
|Hydroxylamine derivative
|2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone
iHydroxypropyl acrylate
jlsobutanol
Isopropanol
jlsopropoxyethoxytitaniumbis(acetylacetonate)
|2-lsopropylthioxanthone
|4-lsopropylthioxanthone
Kaolin
Methylenedisalicylic acid
|2-Methyl-4'(methylthio)-2-
morpholinopropiophenone
Mineral oil
Nitrocellulose
Paraffin wax
CAS number
577-11-7
75980-60-8
57472-68-1
34590-94-8
64742-47-8
64741-89-5
112-84-5
64-17-5
141-43-5
9014-85-1
141-78-6
111-90-0
10287-53-3
1241-94-7
67989-30-4
52408-84-1
142-82-5
13048-33-4
947-19-3
7473-98-5
25584-83-2
78-83-1
67-63-0
6858-02-7
5495-84-1
83846-86-0
1332-58-7
27496-82-8
71868-10-5
8012-95-1
9004-70-0
8002-74-2
Lowest chronic
value (mg/L)
0.5
0.35
0.25
95
0.05
— 5
-b
60
0.85
>10
3.7
150
1.3
0.03
b
~B
<0.13
0.08
0.07
2.6
0.4
18
1.7
25
48
4.6
0.004
0.03
50
3
3.6
0.002
>10
b
II
Hazard rank8
M
M
M
L
H
L
L
L
M
L
M
L
M
H
L
L
H
H
H
M
M
L
M
L
L
M
H
H
L
M
M
H
L
L
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-B, page 38
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-B
HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARD RESULTS
Table 3-B.4 Environmental Hazard Ranking of Flexographic Ink Chemicals (continued)
Lowest chronic
value (mg/L
Chemical
CAS number
=====
145052-34-2
Hazard rank3
9002-88-4
25322-68-3
>100
9002-84-0
71-23-8
[Propyl acetate
IPr
109-60-4
107-98-2
160
||Propylene glycol propyl ether
iResin acids, hydrogenated, methyl esters
1569-01-3
8050-15-5
>44
0.001
H
29003-01-4
JRosin, fumarated, polymer With diethylene glycol
and pentaerythritol
[Rosin, fumarated, polymer with pentaerythritol, 2-
propenoic acid, ethenylbenzene, and (1-
||methylethylenyl)benzene
Rosin, polymerized
68152-50-1
Isilanamine, 1,1,1-trlmethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-,
olvsis products with silica
65997-05-9
68909-20-6
Silica
7631-86-9
63148-62-9
Isiloxanes and silicones, di-Me, 3-hydroxypropyl
llMe, ethers with polyethylene glycol acetate
70914-12-4
llsolvent naphtha (petroleum), light aliphatic
— —
||Styrene
Ustyrene acrylic acid polymer #1^
||styrene acrylic acid polymer #2
Hstyrene acrylic acid resin
llTetramethyldecyndiol
64742-89-8
100-42-5
25005-34-1
126-86-3
Thioxanthone derivative
||Titanium diisopropoxide bis (2,4-pentanedionate)
JTitanium isopropoxide
llTrimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate
17927-72-9
546-68-9
llTrimethylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate
llTrimethylolpropane triacrylate
Urea
28961-43-5
••^•^^MM^^—^^^^
53879-54-2
15625-89-5
^•—i—^«^^—
57-13-6
0.06
0.05
50
>0.06
<0.21
0.21
>100
H
M
M
M
M
H
M
H
M
M
:T£,srPSd^
' efff.cts.?=l?^::::r^°^600or 1000) prevents passage through biological membranes.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-B, page 39
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-B
HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL HAZARD RESULTS
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-B, page 40
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-C (Risk Chapter)
Supplementary Environmental Air Release Information
Mass Balance Calculations
The mass balance calculations for determining environmental releases from the ink formulations were
conducted as follows for each formulation:
. Determine which components will volatilize (i.e., have vapor pressure greater than or equal to 0.001
mmHg at 25°C).
. Components that do not volatilize will remain on the substrate and are not expected to result in
releases to the environment.
. Multiply volatile component masses by 99.9% to represent the amount of the compounds that
volatilize.
• Multiply the mass of the component that volatilizes by 30% to determine the mass of the component
that is released as fugitive emissions.
. Multiply mass of the component that volatilizes by 70% to determine the mass of the component that
is captured by the exhaust system.
. For solvent-based formulations, multiply the mass of the component captured by the exhaust system
by 5% to determine the mass of the component that is released as stack emissions (the catalytic
oxidizer has a 95% destruction efficiency). For UV-cured and water-based formulations, the mass of
the component that is released as stack emissions is equal to the mass of the component captured by
the exhaust system (there are no controls on the UV-cured or water-based systems).
. Convert the release amounts from pounds per 7.5 hours to grams per second.
Sample Calculation of Environmental Releases
Flowing the methodology outlined above, the fugitive and stack releases for each component of the ink
formulations were calculated. Applying the above methodology to the example data presented m Table
3.8 resulted in the data presented in Table D.I below,
. The non-volatile components of the mixture are pigment, nitrocellulose, and resin; their vapor
pressures are less than 0.001 mmHg at 25°C.
. From Table 3.8, the total mass of ink mixture consumed per 7.5 hour run is 95.815 pounds.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-C,page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-C SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL AIR RELEASE INFORMATION
• The mass of ethanol consumed per 7.5 hour run is the total mass of ink mixture consumed (95.815
pounds) times the weight percent of ethanol in the ink mixture (19.8%) or 18.971 pounds. Of this
amount, 99.9%, or 18.952 pounds, volatilizes per 7.5 hour run. The total mass of the five volatile
components consumed per 7.5 hour run is 77.131 pounds. Applying the same methodology, the total
mass of ink mixture that volatilizes per 7.5 hour run (99.9% of the amount consumed) is 77 054
pounds.
*-•!.':' •.
95.815 Ibs. ink mixture consumed (19.8%) = 18.971 Ibs. ethanol consumed \'
18.971 Ibs. ethanol consumed (99.9%) = 18.952 Ibs. ethanol volatilized
Table 3-C Example Data for a Flexographic Printing Solvent-Based Formulation*
Chemical Component We|8ht
r Percent
Ethanol
Pigment
Propyl acetate
Propanol
Nitrocellulose
Resin
Glycol ether
Extender compound
*The solvent-based formulation
19.8%
14.6%
10.0%
43.3%
2.7%
2.2%
1.3%
6.1%
presented
Vapor Pressure Fugitive Air Release
(mmHg at 25°C) (qrams/sec)
59.03
-------
APPENDIX 3-C
SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL AIR RELEASE INFORMATION
The mass of ethanol released as stack emissions per 7.5 hour run from the exhaust system is 5 % of
the mass of ethanol captured (13.266 pounds), or 0.663 pounds, which converts to 0.011 grams of
ethanol emitted per second. The total mass of ink mixture that is released as stack emissions per 7.5
hour run is 2.697 pounds, or 0.045 grams of ink mixture emitted per second.
13.266 Ibs. ethanol captured (5%) = 0.663 Ibs. ethanol stack emissions
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-C, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-C
SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL AIR RELEASE INFORMATION
This page is intentionally blank.
'UBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-C, page 4
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-D (Risk Chapter)
Environmental Air Release Data
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-D,page 1
September 2000
-------
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Appendix 3-E (Risk Chapter)
Supplemental Occupational Exposure Assessment Methodology
Scenario I
The mass balance calculations for Scenario I were conducted as follows for each chemical with a vapor
pressure less than 35 mmHg at 25°C (using the open surface model and the Fehrenbacher and Hummel
vapor generation rate)1:
• All concentrations were converted from weight percent to mole percent.
• The diffusivity of each chemical in the formulation was calculated using the following equation:
Dab = (4.09 x 10-5TL9 (1/29+ l/Mf'M'0'33) / P,
where:
Dab = Diffusivity, cm2/sec
T = Temperature, K
M = Molecular weight, g/g-mole
Pt = Total pressure, atm
• The vapor generation rate of each chemical in the formulation was calculated using the following
equation (Fehrenbacher and Hummel vapor generation rate):
Q = (O.OlMXj P; (Dabvz/(Pi)z)°-5) / (RT)
where:
i
Gj = Vapor generation rate of substance i, g/m2-sec
M = Molecular weight, g/g-mole
X; = Mole fraction of substance i in solution, dimensionless
Pj* = Vapor pressure of pure substance i, mmHg at 25°C
Dab = Diffusivity, cm2/sec
vz = Air velocity above can, m/sec
Pi = The constant pi, 3.14159
z = Pool length in direction of air flow, m
R = Gas constant, 0.0624 mmHg-m3/mol-K
T = Temperature, K
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-E,page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-E SUPPLEMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
• Using the assumptions presented in Section 3.5, the potential inhalation dose rate of each chemical in
the formulation was estimated using the following equation:
I = 0.21GjAt
where:
A
t
Total amount of substance inhaled, mg/day
Vapor generation rate of substance i, g/m2-sec
Surface area of liquid/air interface, m2
Duration of exposure, sec/day
The mass balance calculations for Scenario I were conducted for each chemical with a vapor pressure
greater than or equal to 35 mmHg at 25°C (using the open surface model and the Engel and Reilly vapor
generation rate)2:
• All concentrations were converted from weight percent to mole percent.
• The "generalized" Schmidt number was calculated using the following equation:
Sc = (2.94T-°-9+0.0329T°-1)Ma33 / (1/28.9+ 1/M)°-5
where:
Sc = Schmidt number, dimensionless
T = Temperature, K
M = Molecular weight, g/g-mole
• The vapor generation rate of each chemical in the formulation was calculated using the following
equation (Engel and Reilly vapor generation rate):
j' = (2.1 x
/ (z°-11Sca67T)
where:
M =
Xs =
PS" =
A =
vz =
z =
Sc =
T =
Vapor generation rate of substance i, g/sec
(Note: the units of the Fehrenbacher and Hummel vapor generation rate, Gj, are g/m2-
sec, the units of the Engel and Reilly vapor generation rate', "G;', are g/sec)
Molecular weight, g/g-mole
Mole fraction of substance i in solution, dimensionless
Vapor pressure of pure substance i, mmHg at 25°C
Surface area of liquid/air interface, cm2
Air velocity above can, ft/min
Pool length in direction of air flow, cm
Schmidt number, dimensionless
Temperature, K
Using the assumptions presented in Section 3.5, the potential inhalation dose rate of each chemical in
the formulation was estimated using the following equation:
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-E, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-E SUPPLEMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
I = 0.21Gi't
where:
I
Gi'
t
Scenario II
= Total amount of substance inhaled, mg/day
= Vapor generation rate of substance i, g/sec
= Duration of exposure, sec/day
The mass balance calculations for Scenario II were conducted for each formulation (printing room mass
balance model):
• The concentration of each chemical in the printing room was calculated using the following equation:
Q = (1.7xl05TGiA) / (MQk)
where:
GV = Airborne concentration, ppm
T = Ambient temperature, K
Gj = Vapor generation rate of substance i, g/m2-sec
A = Surface area of liquid/air interface, m2
M = Molecular weight, g/g-mole
Q = Ventilation rate, fWmin
k = Mixing factor, dimensionless
It was assumed that G;A equals the fugitive emission rate.
• The volume-based concentrations calculated above were converted to mass-based concentrations using
the equation:
= G,M/V
where:
C,,,, = Airborne concentration, mg/m3
Cy = Airborne concentration, ppm
M = Molecular weight, g/g-mole
V = Molar volume of ideal gas at 25°C and 760 mmHg, L/mole
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-E, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-E SUPPLEMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
• Calculate the potential inhalation dose rate of each chemical in the formulation using the following
equation:
I = bCj:
where:
I
b
Qn
t
Total amount of substance inhaled, mg/day
Worker inhalation rate, m3/hour
Airborne concentration, mg/m3
Duration of exposure, hour/day
Assumptions — Occupational Exposure Assessment Methodology
Additional assumptions associated with the Fehrenbacher and Hummel vapor generation rate are listed
below:
• The surface temperature of the liquid and the evaporation rate are constant.
• The heat of evaporation is provided by the surroundings.
• Diffusion at the edge of the pool and in the direction of the air stream is negligible.
• The air velocity is constant and flowing in only one direction.
• There is no mixing in the area above the pool of liquid.
• There is no local exhaust present.
• There are no physical barriers present at the edges of the pool.
• There are no effects from heat transfer.
• The incoming air flowing over the pool of liquid is free of the contaminant of concern.
Sample Calculation of Occupational Exposures
Following the method outlined above, occupational exposures for each chemical in the ink formulations
were calculated. Applying this methodology to the example data presented in Table [3.10] results in the
data presented in Table 3-E, below.
Table 3-E Example Data for a Flexographic Printing Solvent-Based Formulation'
Chemical
component
Ethanol
Pigment
Propyl acetate
Propanol
Nitrocellulose
Resin
Glycol ether
Extender
Weight
percent
19.8%
14.6%
10.0%
43.3%
2.7%
2.2%
1.3%
6.1%
*The solvent-based formulation presented
Vapor pressure
(mmHg at 25°C)
59.03
<10'6
33.7
21
<10'6
2x1 0-4
10.2
0.001
Scenario I
(mg/day, typical)
6.2
0
2.8
8.4
0
0
0.11
4.3x1 0-5
Scenario II
(mg/day, typical)
530
0
270
1,200
0
0
35
160
above is a fictional formulation.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-E,page 4
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-E SUPPLEMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
Stepping through the calculations for ethanol:
Scenario I:
Ethanol has a vapor pressure greater than 35 mrnHg at 25°C, so the open surface model and the Engel and
Reilly vapor generation rate were used to estimate the worker exposure in Scenario I.
• Sc = (2.94T-°-9+0.0329T°-1)M°-33/(1/28.9+1/M)°-5 .
where:
T = 298 K (Table [3.11])
M = 50 g/g-mole (Table [3.10])
Therefore:
Sc = (2.94(298)-°-9+0.0329(298)°-1)50a33/(1/28.9+1/50)0'5 '
Sc = 1.18
• • Of = (2.1 x 10-7MPAvz°-78) / (zallSc0-67T) .
where:
M = 50 g/g-mole (Table [3.10])
Xj = 0.305 (Table [3.10])
Pi* = 59.03 mrnHg at 25°C (Table [3.10])
A = [Pi (z/2)2] = [3.14159(30.48/2)2] cm2 = 729.659 cm2
(calculated from the diameter given below (z=0.3048m))
vz = 100 ft/min (Table [3.11])
z = 1ft = 30.48 cm (Table [3.11])
Sc = 1.18 (calculated above)
T = 298 K (Table [3.11])
Therefore:
, Gj' =[2.1 x 10-7(50)(0,305)(59.03)(729.659)(100°-78)] / [(30.48°-11)(1.18a67)(298)]
G;' = 0.0103 g/sec
• I = 0.21Gi't
where:
Gi' = 0.0103 g/sec (calculated above)
t = 48 min/day = 2,880 sec/day (Table [3.11])
Therefore:
I = 0.21 (0.0103)(2,880)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-E, page 5
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-E SUPPLEMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
I = 6.23 ing/day
Scenario II:
• G, = (1.7xl05TGiA) / (MQk)
where:
T = 298 K (Table [3. 11])
Gj A= fugitive emission rate = 0.096 g/sec (Table [D.I])
M = 50 g/g-mole (Table [3.10])
Q = 7,000 fWmin (Table [3.11])
k = 0.5 (Table [3.11])
Therefore:
Q =[1.7xl05(298)(0.096)] / [(50)(7,000)(0.5)]
Q, = 27.7 ppm
• C,,, = CvM/V
where:
Cy = 27.7 ppm (calculated above)
M = 50 g/g-mole (Table [3.10])
V = 24.45 L/mole (molar volume of an ideal gas)
Therefore:
Cm = [(27.7)(50)]/(24.45)
Q = 56.7 mg/m3
where:
b = 1.25 nrVhour (medium work inhalation rate [3])
Cn, = 56.7 mg/m3 (calculated above)
t = 7.5 hours/day (Table [4.1])
Therefore:
I = (1.25)(56.7)(7.5)
I = 531 mg/day
Ethanol has a vapor pressure greater than 35 mmHg at 25°C; therefore, the Engel and Reilly vapor
generation rate was used for Scenario I. Propyl alcohol has a vapor pressure less than 35 mmHg at 25°C;
therefore, the Fehrenbacher and Hummel vapor generation rate was used for Scenario I. These
calculations are shown below:
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-E, page 6
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-E SUPPLEMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
Scenario I:
. Dab = (4.09 x lO^T1-9 (1/29+ l/M)°-5M-°-33) / Pt
where:
T= 298 K (Table [3.11])
M= 60 g/g-mole (Table [3.10])
P,= 1 atm (standard pressure)
Therefore:
Dab =(4.09 x 10-5(298)L9 (1/29+1/60)°-560-°-33) / 1
D^ = 0.120cm2/sec
• G, = {0.02MX; P,* [Dabvz/((Pi)z)]°-5} / RT
where:
M= 60 g/g-mole (Table [3.10])
Xj= 0.555 (Table [3.10])
Pi*= 21 mmHg at 25°C (Table [3.10])
Dab= 0.120 cm2/sec (calculated above)
vz 100 ft/min = 0.508 m/sec (Table [3.11])
Pi= The constant Pi, 3.14159
z= 1 ft = 0.3048 m (Table [3.11])
R= 0.0624 mmHg-m3/mol-K (gas constant)
T= 298 K (Table [3.11])
Therefore:
Gj = {0.02(60)(0.555)(21)[(0.120)(0.508)/((3.14159)(0.3048))]°-5}/[(0.0624)(298)]
G; = 0.190 g/m2-sec
• I = 0.21GiAt
where:
G; = 0.190 g/m2-sec (calculated above)
A = 0.0730 m2 (calculated from the diameter given above (z=0.3048m))
t = 48 min/day = 2,880 sec/day (Table [3.11])
Therefore:
I = 0.21 (0.190)(0.0730)(2,880)
I = 8.39 mg/day
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-E, page 7
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-E SUPPLEMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
REFERENCES
1. Fehrenbacher, M.C. and A.A. Hummel. "Evaluation of the Mass Balance Model Used by EPA
for Estimating Inhalation Exposure to New Chemical Substances," American Industrial Hygiene
Association, submitted for publication.
2. Engel, A.J. and B. Reilly. Evaporation of Pure Liquids from Open Surfaces. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Pre-Publication Draft.
3. Chemical Engineering Branch (CEB). Manual for the Preparation of Engineering Assessments,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, February, 1991.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-E, page 8
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-F (Risk Chapter)
Occupational Exposure Data
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-F, page
September 2000
-------
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Appendix 3-G (Risk Chapter)
Supplementary General Population
Exposure Information
This appendix presents information used to model and calculate the general population exposure values
presented in Chapter 3.
Generic Facility Assumptions
The following assumed values were used in the exposure modeling:
Table 3-G Generic Facility Assumptions for General Population Exposure Assessment
Ink type
Solvent-based a
Water-based a
UV-cured b
Facility
building
height (m)
6.1
6.1
6.1
Facility
stack
height (m)
9.1
9.1
9.4
Facility stack
diameter (m)
0.61
0.71
0.61
Stack exit
temperature
(K)
436
344
317
Stack exit
velocity (mis)
17.78
17.78
7.87
a Reference 1
b Reference 2
Fugitive emissions from long web runs, e.g., vapors that leak from the building windows and roof vents,
were assumed to take place over an area of 100 square meters for the generic facility.
The weather conditions of the facility were assumed to be the same as those at San Bernardino, California.
These conditions were assumed because they would result in the highest average air concentration (from
the facility's air releases) of any of the approximately 500 weather stations in the United States.
Since flexographic printing facilities were expected to be located in urban areas, the urban mode of the
model was selected. Finally, the following distances from the facility were selected for concentration
calculations: 100 meters (m), 200 m, 300 m, 400 m, 500 m, and 1000 m.
Model Input Parameters
The Industrial Source Complex Long Term (ISCLT) Model (3) calculated more than one chemical at a time
and was run in "Urban 3" mode. Also entered into the model was the decay rate of the chemical, entered
as its half-life in seconds.
The Industrial Source Complex Long Term (ISCLT) Model used in this report required entries for the
following inputs:
Fugitive releases: substance average annual release rate (g/s/m2)
Stack releases: substance average annual release rate (g/s)
stack height (m)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-G, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-G
SUPPLEMENTAL GENERAL POPULATION EXPOSURE INFORMATION
stack diameter (m)
stack exit temperature (°K)
stack exit velocity (m/s)
Both releases: zip code or latitude/longitude for weather station
distances from facility to calculate concentration (m)
rural or urban mode
building height (m)
substance half-life in air (s)
Sample Calculation of General Population Exposures
As discussed in Chapter 3, the toxicity concerns for the chemicals of interest dictated that either the
Average Daily Dose (ADD) or the Average Daily Concentration (ADC) were the appropriate exposure
values. The available toxicity factors indicated which of the two values should be used for subsequent risk
calculations. The calculations were as follows:
ADD (mg/kg-day) = [(C)(IR)(ED)(1 mg/1000ug)]/[(BW)(AT)]
ADC (mg/m3) = [(C)(ED)(mg/1000ug)]/(AT)
where:
C
IR
ED
BW
AT
chemical concentration in air from air dispersion modeling (ug/m3)
inhalation rate; 13.2 (m3/d) average of adult male and female recommended rates (4)
exposure duration (days): for residential exposures, this is a multiple of (time per day) by (years
per residence), minus assumed vacation time of 14 days/yr. One source (5) has 30 years as the
95th percentile value for the latter, and tune per day values of 16.4 hours/day average indoors
and recommended 2 hours outdoors.
average body weight; 70 kg, standard average of male and female adult weights
averaging time; 30 years (time per residence, from above),
ADD for residence = (C)(13.2m3/d)(30yr*[(365d/yr*18.4hrs/24hrs/d) - 14d
vacation)](mg/1000ug)/[70kg*(30yrs*365d/yr)]
ADC for residence = (C)(13.2m3/d)(30yr*[(365d/yr*18.4hrs/24hrs/d) - 14d
vacation)](mg/1000ug)/(30yrs*365d/yr)
Regional Exposure
For determining regional exposure, the model used was BOXMOD, also implemented in the Graphical
Exposure Modeling System (6). BOXMOD used a parameter called "Time Constant" to account for
chemical degradation. The time constant is the inverse of the rate of decay used for the ISCLT model.
BOXMOD modeling was discontinued after partial modeling placed individual exposures uniformly at one-
half to one-third of the local exposure estimates.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-G, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-G
SUPPLEMENTAL GENERAL POPULATION EXPOSURE INFORMATION
REFERENCES
1. Bemi, Dan. 1998. Wolverine Corporation. Personal communication with Conrad Flessner, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). January 13, 1998.
2. Timmerman, Mark. 1998. Trinity Packaging Corporation. Personal communication with Conrad
Flessner, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). March 3, 1998.
3. EPA. 1992. Industrial Source Complex (ISC2) User's Guide. Research Triangle Park, NC:
Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-450/4-92008a. March 1992.
4. EPA. 1997. Exposure Factors Handbook Volume I: General Factors. Washington, DC: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa. August, 1997.
5. EPA. 1997. Exposure Factors Handbook Volume III: Activity Factors. Washington, DC: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. EPA/600/P-95/002Fc. August, 1997.
6. GSC. 1991. Graphical Exposure Modeling System, GEMS, User's Guide. GSC-TR-32-91-001.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-G, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-G SUPPLEMENTAL GENERAL POPULATION EXPOSURE INFORMATION
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT 3-G, page 4 September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-H (Risk Chapter)
General Population Exposure Data
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-H, pagel
September 2000
-------
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APPENDIX 3-H
GENERAL POPULATION EXPOSURE DATA
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-H, page 10
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-1 (Risk Chapter)
Systemic Toxicity
Risk Results
Formulation
SAT
level"
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level °
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
Solvent-based Ink #31 - Site 9B
BLUE
Alcohols
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Polyol derivatives
Resins
Resins
Alcohols
Pigments - organometallic
Aromatic esters
Organotitanium compounds
Alkyl acetates
Resins
Water
Organic acids or salts
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
LM
LM
LM
L
LM
M
L
LM
476
1695
59.2
180
0.34 (HQ)
1.5x104
6.22
possible
low or
negligible
clear
low or
negligible
lower
negligible
low or
negligible
clear
87.5
0.1
1060
4.67
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
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no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
GREEN
Alcohols
Alcohols -
Alkyl acetates
Polyol derivatives
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Pigments - organometallic
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LM
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708
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, 3974
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possible
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clear
possible
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low or
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clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
possible
no exposure
no exposure
4.3x1 0s
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no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
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no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Inorganics
Water
SAT
hazard
level"
Occupational
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5.3x104
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low or
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Concern
level
no exposure
General population
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Margin of
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Concern
level
no exposure
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
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molecular weight
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LM
LM
L
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LM
M
3.23 (HQ)
684
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174
7167
98.3
possible
possible
possible
possible
low or
negligible
clear
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46
0.024
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no exposure6
possible
no exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
7.8x1 04
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117
4.5x10*
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
CYAN
Alcohols
Pigments - organometallic
Resins
Alkyl acetates
'ropylene glycol ethers
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Alcohols
Resins
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L
LM
L
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1.74
830
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174
clear
low or
negligible
clear
possible
possible
1.29
14.9
4.4 (HQ)
0.19
clear
no exposure
no exposure
clear
possible
no exposure
clear
no exposure
6226
7.3x1 04
9.1x10'5(HQ)
904
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
MAGENTA
Alcohols
Alcohols
'igments - organometallic
tasins
Alkyl acetates
LM
L
LM
1.97
1322
clear
low or
negligible
1.41
231
clear
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
6790
1.1x106
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Propylene glycol ethers
Polyol derivatives
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Inorganics
Pigments - organometallic
Resins
Water
Trade Secret
Propylene glycol ethers
SAT
level d
LM
LM
L
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
2.47 (HQ)
69.4
139
124 (HQ)
28
Concern
level °
possible
clear
possible
clear
possible
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
3.5 (HQ)
60
0.14
24.3
Concern
level
possible
no exposure
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
7.2x1 0'5(HQ)
2.9x1 0s
697
1.2x1 0s
Concern
level
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 5
BLUE
Alcohols
Resins
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Alcohols
Pigments - organometallic
Pigments - organometallic
Polyo! derivatives
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus
compounds
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
L
LM
LM
LM
L
LM
LM
385
233
21.7
60.6
1824
1469
456
310
possible
low or
negligible
clear
clear
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
possible
29.6
41.4
6.82
0.028
GREEN
Alcohols
Resins
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alkyl acetates'
Pigments - inorganic
L
LM
452
177
0.67 (HQ)
possible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
30.9
27.9
possible
no exposure
clear
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
clear
no exposure
1.4x105 '
2.0x1 05
3.3x10*
134
1.5x1 0s
1.4x1 0s
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
.no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Alcohols
Alcohols
Pigments - organic
Polyol derivatives
Pigments - organometallic
Pigments - organometallic
Amides.or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus
compounds
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
SAT
hazard
level d
LM
LM
L
LM
LM
Occupatiqnal
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
21.1
60.2
6764
3190
1308
406
276
Concern
level °
clear
clear
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
possible
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
5.89
0.024
Concern
level
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
. 2.8x10*
118
Concern
level
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Resins
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alky) acetates
L
L
LM
LM
3.37 (HQ)
602
144
110
1306
405
possible
possible
low or
negligible
possible
low or
negligible
possible
15.3
8.43
0.017
no exposure
no exposure
possible
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
7.4x10*
4.1x10"
80
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
CYAN
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Resins
'igments - organometallic
Alcohols
Alky) acetates
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
L
LM
L
421
265
1003
59.7
23.9
possible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
clear
clear
22.1
32.2
0.019
5.14
possible
clear
no exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
no exposure
1.1x105
1.6x1 0s
90
2.5x1 0*
• low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
possible
low or
negligible
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 4
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Polyol derivatives
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Organophosphorus
compounds
SAT
level d
LM
LM
LM
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure
1347
418
284
Concern
level c
low or
negligible
possible
possible
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
MAGENTA
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Resins
Pigments - organometallic
Alcohols
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
Polyol derivatives
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Organophosphorus
L
LM
LM
L
LM
LM
LM
482
118
33.6
20.7
1285
398
271
possible
low or
negligible
clear
clear
low or
negligible
possible
possible
32.7
18.5
0.014
5.73
possible
clear
no exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
1.6x105
8.9x10*
65
2.8x1 04
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
lower
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
possible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 7
BLUE
Alcohols
Resins
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Alcohols
Pigments - organometallic
Pigments - organometallic
Polyol derivatives
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
L
LM
LM
LM
L
978
325
2.79
84.4
2542
possible
low or
negligible
clear
clear
low or
negligible
69.8
53.6
0.81
0.036
possible
no exposure
clear
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
3.4x1 05
2.6x1 0s
-
3938
174
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 5
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Organic acids or salts
Siioxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus
compounds
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
SAT
hazard
level d
LM
LM
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
2048
635
432
Concern
level c
low or
negligible
possible
possible
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
GREEN
Alcohols
Resins
•hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alkyl acetates
Pigments - inorganic
Alcohols
Alcohols
'igmenls - organic
'olyol derivatives
Pigments - organometallic
Pigments - organometallic
Amides, tallow, hydrogenated
Organic acids or salts
Siioxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus
compounds
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
tesins
Alcohols
tydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
L
LM
LM
LM
L
LM
LM
976
292
0.41 (HQ)
2.66
99.4
1.1 x104
5288
2172
673
458
possible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
clear
clear
low or
negligible
lower
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
possible
71.1
49.4
0.79
0.043
possible
no exposure
clear
no exposure
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
3.5x1 05
2.4x1 05
3828
209
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
L
L
2.53 (HQ)
1252
191
145
1739
possible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
low or
negligible
36.7
13
0.025
no exposure
no exposure
possible
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
1.8x105
6.3x10"
123
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible '
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 6
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOX1CITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Siloxanes
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
SAT
level d
LM
LM
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
539
4.02
Concern
level °
possible
clear
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
0.48
Concern
level
no exposure
clear
CYAN
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Resins
Pigments - organometallic
Alcohols
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Amides, tallow, hydrogenated
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes , • •
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Polyol derivatives
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Organophosphorus
compounds
L
LM
L
LM
LM ,
LM
956
395
1496
89.2
2.83
2009
623
424
possible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible '
clear
clear
low or
negligible
possible
,
possible
82.3
78.6
0.046
0.99 ,
MAGENTA • •
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Resins
Pigments - organometallic
Alcohols
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Amides, tallow, hydrogenated
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Polyol derivatives
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
L
LM
LM
L
LM
LM
LM
995
189
54
2.77
2061
639
possible
low or
negligible
clear
clear
low or
negligible
possible
67.4
29.6
0.022
0.77
•
possible '
clear
ho exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
no exposure
ho exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
clear
no exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
•
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
2327
4.0x1 0s
3.8x1 05
221
4825
. 3.3x1 0s
1.4x1 0s
105
3716
Concern
level
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 7
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK REESULTS
Formulation
Organophosphorus
compounds
SAT
hazard
level "
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
435
Concern
level °
possible
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure 3fb
Concern
level
no exposure
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 10
Concern
level
no exposure
BLUE
Alcohols
Resins
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Alcohols
Pigments - organometallic
Dlgments - organometallic
Dolyol derivatives
Amides, tallow, hydrogenated
Organic acids or salts
Sitoxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus
compounds
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
L
LM
LM
LM
L
LM
LM
1023
339
2.38
88.2
2655
2143
664
452
low or
negligible
low or [
negligible
clear
clear
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
possible
86.3
66.2
0.82
0.044
possible
no exposure
clear
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
4.2x1 05
3.2x1 0s
3966
215
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
GREEN
Alcohols
tesins
iydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alkyl acetates
'igments - inorganic
Alcohols
Alcohols
'igments - organic
Polyol derivatives
'igments - organometallic
Pigments - organometallic
Amides, tallow, hydrogenated
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
L
LM
LM
LM
L
939
282
0.42 (HO.)
2.48
95.7
1.1 x104
5093
2087
647
possible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
clear
clear
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
69.6
48.4
0.75
0.042
possible
no exposure
clear
no exposure
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
3.4x1 05
2.3x1 05
3634
205
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
" negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 8
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus
compounds
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
SAT
level"
LM
LM
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
440
Concern
level °
possible
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
•
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Resins
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alcohols
Amides, tallow, hydrogenated
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
L
L
LM
LM
2.38 (HQ)
1331
203
155
1848
573
3.17
possible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
low or
negligible
possible
clear
41.6
14.7
0.029
. 0.41
no exposure
no exposure
possible
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
CYAN
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Resins
'igments - organometallic
Alcohols
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Polyol derivatives
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Organophosphorus
compounds
Propylene glycol ethers
L
LM
L
LM
LM
LM
1070
442
1676
99.4
4.39
2247
697
474
17(HQ)
low or
negligible
lower
negligible
low or
negligible
clear
clear
low or
negligible
possible
possible
clear
85.4
81.8
0.047
1.43
53 (HQ)
possible
clear
no exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
2.0x105
7.1x104
140
1964
4.2x1 05
3.9x1 05
228
6933
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 9
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Propytene glycol ethers
SAT
hazard
level d
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
LM |
Concern
level c
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
MAGENTA
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Resins
Pigments - organometallic
Alcohols
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
3olyol derivatives
•lydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Organophosphorus
compounds
Propylene glycol ethers
'ropylene glycol ethers
L
LM
LM
L
LM
LM
LM
LM
1140
216
61.8
2.14
2363
733
498
3.36 (HQ)
low or
negligible
lower
negligible
clear
clear
low or
negligible
possible
possible
possible
81.6
35.9
0.026
0.63
12 (HQ)
Concern
level
possible
clear
no exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
4.0x1 0s
1.7x105
127
3028 '
2.4x1 0-"(HQ)
Concern
level
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
Water-based Ink #W1 - Site 4
BLUE
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Alcohols
Water
Pigments - organic
Ethylene glycol ethers
Resins
tydrocarbons - high
molecular weight
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Alcohols
LM
L
L
LM
1293
9.14
15.1
339
2.24
488
low or
negligible
clear
clear
possible
clear
possible
4.94
1.25
222
43 (HQ)
0.38
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
clear
no exposure
possible
no exposure
clear
clear
1.8x104
4586
1.2x106
0.012 (HQ)
1395
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
GREEN
Pigments - organometallic
329
possible
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 10
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Hydrocarbons - high
=cular weight
Amides or nitrogenous
loound
Amides or nitrogenous
unds
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAF1
3-1, page
Septembc
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
! Formulation
Acrylic acid polymers
Organic acids or salts
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
SAT
hazard
level d
LM
LM
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
4.13
Concern
level °
clear
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
12 (HQ)
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
clear
Water-based Ink #W2 - Site 1
BLUE
Water
3fgments - organometallic
Resins
Resins
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organic
|Pigments - organic
JEthylene glycol ethers
(inorganics
JEthylene glycol ethers
[Amides or nitrogenous
[compounds
[Hydrocarbons - high
molecular weight
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
Hydrocarbons - high
molecular weight
Alcohols
Ethylene glycol ethers
Alcohols
GREEN
Water
Resins
Pigments - organic
Acrylic acid polymers
Resins
Ethylene glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Hydrocarbons - high
molecular weight
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Hydrocarbons - low
molecular weight
WHITE
Water
L
LM
L
L
LM
M
LM
LM
L
LM
M
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a
0.003 (HQ)
Concern
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
951
279
632
1.6x104
0.27 (HQ)
1.1 x104
0.13 (HQ)
131
19.2
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible'
possible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
clear
5.6 (HQ)
1.1 x104
0.3 (HQ)
1.2x104
0.55
96.7
11.6
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
clear
clear
clear
0.002 (HQ)
6.3x1 07
7.0x1 0'5(HQ)
6.8x1 07
2020
5.4x1 05
4.2x10*
157
8775
247
0.47 (HQ)
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
low or
negligible
8821
10 (HQ)
0.3 (HQ)
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
clear
low or
negligible
4.9x1 07
0.003 (HQ)
9.1x10'5(HQ)
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 12
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
|Acrylic acid polymers
lEthylene glycol ethers
(Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
—
|Alcohols
(Hydrocarbons - high
[molecular weight
(pigments - inorganic
(Alcohols
CYAN
Water
(Pigments - organometallic
[(Resins __
pthylene glycol ethers
(Alcohols
| Ethylene glycol ethers
(Amides or nitrogenous
[[compounds
MAGENTA
Water
(Resins
[[Acrylic acid polymers
([Ethylene glycol ethers
((Ethylene glycol ethers
(Hydrocarbons - high
([molecular weight
(Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
—
Hydrocarbons - low
[[molecular weight
[Pigments - organic
L_2
Alcohols
JEthylene glycol ethers
SAT
level d
LM
L
LM
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
8.29
51
2.01 (HQ)
6983
2.93 (HQ)
383
Concern
level °
clear
clear
possible
low or
negligible
possible
possible
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
1.37
308 (HQ)
0.008
1152
52.4
387
1.58(HQ)
11
115
low or
negligible
possible
clear
possible
0.21
37.3
6.4 (HQ)
LM
LM
M
L
140,
7795
86.8
0.54 (HQ)
1.64(HQ)
10
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
clear
low or
negligible
possible
clear
2.8 x104
8.2 (HQ)
0.1 (HQ)
0.21
37
Concern
level
no exposure
clear
clear
clear
low or
negligible
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
possible
low or
negligible
no exposure
clear
clear
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
7599
0.084 (HQ)
29
6.3x1 0s
1.9x1 0s
781
2. 1x1 0s
0.002 (HQ)
1.6x108
0.002 (HQ)
2.8x1 0'5(HQ)
775
2.1x105
Concern
level
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
lower
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 2
BLUE
[[water
[[Acrylic acid polymers
[[Pigments - organic
[[Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
•
HEthylene glycol ethers
LM
L
LM
LM
2.01
clear
70 (HQ)
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
0.019 (HQ)
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 13
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Siloxanes
Olefln polymers
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Alcohols
Polyfunctlonal aziridine
Other components
GREEN
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Pigments - organic
Alcohols
Olefin polymers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Siloxanes
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Alcohols
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Ethylene glycol ethers
Olefin polymers
Siloxanes
Alcohols
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
SAT
hazard
level d
LM
LM
LM
LM
L
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a>b
725
69.1
1111
1.4 x104
Concern
level c
possible
clear
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
25.6
5.2 (HQ)
7.76
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
possible
clear
no exposure
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
9.3x10"
0.001 (HQ)
2.8x10"
646
1.49
279
18.5
862
129
2039
possible
clear
possible
clear
possible
clear
low or
negligible
93 (HQ)
0.15
8.41
48.5,
2.8 (HQ)
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
clear
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
clear
possible
0.026 (HQ)
574
4.7x10"
1.8x105
7:6x1 0""(HQ)
1.6x104
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
lower
. negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
2.55 (HQ)
2.27
571
0.73 (HQ)
85.7
2526
possible
clear
possible
low or
negligible
clear
lower
negligible
154 (HQ)
0.024
12.8
5.7 (HQ)
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
clear
possible
0.042 (HQ)
86
4.6x10"
0.002 (HQ)
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
lower
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 14
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Alcohols
CYAN
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Olefin polymers
Ethylene glycoi ethers
Siloxanes
Propylene glycoi ethers
Alcohols
Organic acids or salts
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
MAGENTA
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Ethylene glycoi ethers
Olefin polymers
Siloxanes
Propylene glycoi ethers
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Alcohols
Alcohols
SAT -
level d
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
1.7x104
Concern
level c I
low or
negligible
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
3.77
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
1554
1.12
409
1.9X104
374
low or
negligible
clear
possible
low or
negligible
possible
54 (HQ)
1483
6.6 (HQ)
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
32.7
1.62
510
2.7 x104
578
2340
1.1 x104
clear
clear
possible
low or
negligible
possible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
58 (HQ)
1317
6.6 (HQ)
1310
8.73
Concern
level 1
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
possible
low or
negligible
clear
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
0.01 5 (HQ)
5.4x1 06
0.002 (HQ)
0.016 (HQ)
4.8x1 06
0.002 (HQ)
4.9x1 06
3.2x10"
Concern
level
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
lower
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
Water-based ink #W3 - Site 3
BLUE
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organic
Acrylic acid polymers
kmides or nitrogenous
compounds
Ethylene glycoi ethers
LM
L
LM
LM
1.49
532
clear
possible
49 (HQ)
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
0.014 (HQ)
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 15
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Olefin polymers
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
GREEN
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Pigments - organic
Alcohols
Olefin polymers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Siioxanes
Organic acids or salts
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Acrylic acid-polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Ethylene glycol ethers
Olefin polymers
Siioxanes
Alcohols
Organic acids or salts
Extender
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
CYAN
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
SAT
hazard
level d
LM
LM
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
21.1
72.5
Concern
level c
clear
clear
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
15
42 (HQ)
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a
-------
APPEND/X3-I
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Olefin polymers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Siloxanes
Propylene glycol ethers
Alcohols
Organic acids or salts
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
SAT
level d
LM
LM
LM
LM
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure 3|b
388
1.8x104
158
Concern
level °
possible
low or
negligible
possible
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
SAT
hazard
level"
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
39.4
, 290
Concern
level c
clear
possible
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
55.9
5.2 (HQ)
Concern
level
clear
possible
General population
• Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
2.0x1 05
0.001 (HQ)
Concern
level
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
GREEN
Water
Pigments - inorganic
Acrylic acid polymers
Alcohols
Pigments - organic
Resins
Pigments - organometallic
'igments - organometallic
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Hydrocarbons - high
molecular weight
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
WHITE
'igments - inorganic
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
norganics
Alcohols
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Hydrocarbons - high
molecular weight
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Alcohols
LM
LM
L
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
2.55 (HQ)
20.1
6881
3154
180
7741
8.26
2294
381
4.52 (HQ)
151
54.9
6.92
1923
possible
clear
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
low or
negligible
clear
low or
negligible
possible
0(HQ)
29.8
0.39
1.4x10"
4.3 (HQ)
29.4
3.8 (HQ)
possible
low or
negligible'
possible
clear
clear
low or
negligible
0.040
9.88
42 (HQ)
-
2.99
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
low or
negligible
possible
clear
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
clear
clear
no exposure
no exposure
0.0 (HQ)
1.1x105
1410
7.7x1 07
0.001 (HQ)
1.1x105
0.001 (HQ)
143
3.6x1 04
0.012 (HQ)
1.1x10'
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
lower
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 18
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
SAT
level d
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level c
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
CYAN
Water
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Resins
Alcohols
Propylene glycol ethers
Propylene glycol ethers
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - high
molecular weight
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Solids
Ethylene glycol ethers
Petroleum distillate
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
LM
L
LM
LM
LM
LM
954
63.1
3.36 (HQ)
15.9
1.1 x104
1639
3.8 x104
38.6
282
low or
negligible
clear
possible
possible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
clear
possible
0.11
2.8 (HQ)
3345
17.5
5.6 x104
47.4
6.1 (HQ)
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
possible
no exposure
low or
negligible
clear
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
clear
possible
MAGENTA
Water
Pigments' - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Alcohols
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Hydrocarbons - high
molecular weight
Siloxanes
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
LM
LM
LM
LM
11.2
103
25.8
4412
980
622
clear
possible
clear
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
possible
0.27
47.3
9762
15.5
1.9(HQ)
no exposure
no exposure
clear
clear
low or
negligible
clear
no exposure
no exposure
possible
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure 3|b
413
7.6x1 0'5(HQ)
1.2X107
6.4x1 04
3.1x1 08
1.7x105
0.0 (HQ)
991
1.7x1 0s
5.4x1 07
5.7x10"
5.2x1 0'4
(HQ)
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
lower
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 19
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
SAT
hazard
level d
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level c
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure 3pb
Concern
level
UV-cured Ink #U1 - Site 11
BLUE
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organic
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
GREEN
Acrylated polymers
'igments - organometallic
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
Acrylated polyols
LM
L
LM
LM
M
LM
LM
2521
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
LM
LM
LM
M
LM
LM
M
314
2564
possible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
WHITE
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic esters
Organophosphorus
compounds
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
'igments - inorganic
Pigments - inorganic
LM
LM
LM
LM
M
LM
LM
LM
103
3.25 (HQ)
low or
negligible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
CYAN
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
LM
LM
671
2521
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 20
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
SAT
hazard
level d
LM
M
LM
LM
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level c
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
MAGENTA
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
LM
LM
LM
M
LM
LM
11.2
2521
clear
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
UV-cured Ink #U2 - Site 6
BLUE
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polyols
Polyol derivatives
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organic
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Olefin polymers
Alcohols
Aromatic ketones
LM
M
L
LM
L
L
LM
L
67.5
1029
1.1
0.94
59.9
44.9
1.1x104
clear
low or
negligible
clear
clear
possible
possible
low or
negligible
1.38
74.8
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
4299
3.5x1 0s
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 21
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
SAT
hazard
level" '
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a§b
Concern
level °
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure 3|b
Concern
level
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure fllb
Concern
level
GREEN
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Polyol derivatives
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organic
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Olefin polymers
Alcohols
Aromatic ketones
LM
L
M
LM
LM
L
LM
L
0.35
0.69
62.3
473
59.9
44.9
1.1 x104
clear
clear
clear
possible
possible
possible
low or
negligible
1.66
142
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
5153
6.7x1 0s
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
WHITE
3igments - inorganic
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polymers
Organophosphoais
compounds
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Alcohols
Olefin polymers
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
M
LM
L
LM
L
3.72 (HQ)
0.22
0.56
7.14
89.5
1.1 x104
64.9
possible
clear
clear
clear
possible
low or
negligible
possible
0.18
21.6
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
578
1.0x105
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
CYAN
Acrylaled polymers
Digments - organometallic
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polyols
3olyol derivatives
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
LM
M
L
LM
L
701
70.4
1.44
60.6
low or
negligible
clear
clear
possible
4.35
182
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low" or
negligible
1.4x10"
8.6x1 0s
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 22
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Aromatic ketones
Olefin polymers
Alcohols
Aromatic ketones
Acrylated polyols
SAT
level d
LM
L
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a'b
45.5
1.1x104
6.82
Concern
level0
possible
low or
negligible
clear
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
no exposure,
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
MAGENTA • '
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polyols
Polyol derivatives
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Olefin polymers
Alcohols
Aromatic ketones
LM
L
LM
M
L
LM
L
11.1
52
1.36
0.49
59.9
44.9
1.1x10"
clear
clear ,
clear
clear
possible
possible
low or
negligible
2.65
116
'no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
-
8232
5.5x1 05
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or
negligible
130 exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
UV-cured Ink #U3 - Site 8
BLUE
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organic
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
LM
L
M
LM
LM
M
LM
LM
2521
low or
negligible
GREEN
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
LM
M
LM
LM
M
308
2521
possible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
, no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
,3-1, page 23
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-1
SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
SAT
hazard
level d
LM
LM
Occupational
Dermal
Margin of
Exposure a>b
Concern
level c
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
General population
Inhalation
Margin of
Exposure a'b
Concern
level
no exposure
no exposure
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic esters
Organophosphorus
compounds
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
Aromatic ketones
LM
LM
LM
LM
M
LM
LM
LM
3.63 (HQ)
97.1
possible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
CYAN
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
LM
M
LM
LM
M
LM
LM
671
2521
low or
negligible
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
,
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
MAGENTA
Acrylated polymers
'kjments - organic
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
LM
L
M
LM
LM
M
LM
LM
2521
low or
negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
* A Margin-of-Exposure (MOE) or a Hazard Quotient (HQ) gives an estimate of the "margin of safety" between an estimated
exposure level and the level at which adverse effects may occur. Hazard Quotient values below unity imply that adverse effects are
very unlikely to occur. The more the Hazard Quotient exceeds unity, the greater the level of concern. High MOE values, such as
values greater than 100 for a NOAEL-based MOE or 1000 for a LOAEL-based MOE, imply a low level of concern. As the MOE
decreases, the level of concern increases.
b The absence of HQ or MOE values in this table indicates that insufficient hazard data were available to calculate a HQ or MOE for
that chemical.
"The Concern Level is derived from a MOE or an HQ. The criteria in Table 3.15 on page 3-48 were used.
SAT Levels of Concern are generated by the OPPT Structure Activity Team to predict toxicity based on analog data and/or
structure-activity considerations. L = low, LM = low to moderate, and M = moderate.
*No level of concern could be assigned to this chemical due to no exposure.
A chronic/subchronic MOE was not available for this chemical due to a lack of hazard data for this route of exposure; however, the
risk associated with dermal exposure to this chemical is expected to be very low.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-I, page 24
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-J (Risk Chapter)
Developmental Toxicity
Risk Results
Formulation
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b Concern Level0
Inhalation
MOE Concern Level
General Population
Inhalation
MOE Concern Level
Solvent-based Ink #S1 - Site 9B
BLUE
Alcohols
Alkyl acetates
Pigments - organometallic
Polyol derivatives
Resins
Resins
Alcohols
Pigments - organometallic
Aromatic esters
Organotitanium compounds
Alkyl acetates
Resins
Water
Organic acids or salts
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
10.2
0.0057
218
1.4X105
268.
possible
clear
SAT
low or negligible
SAT
SAT
low or negligible
low or negligible
467
843
244
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
2.3x1 0s
4.1x106
1.2x106
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
GREEN
Alcohols
Alcohols
Alkyl acetates
Polyol derivatives
Pigments - organic .
Pigments - organometallic
Alkyi acetates
Alcohols
Propylene glycol ethers
Resins
Resins
Inorganics
Water
15.1
108
1345.033
0.0099
1046
5.3x1 04
possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
clear
low or negligible
low or negligible
550
78.2
973
1177
756
low or negligible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
2.7x1 06
3.8x10s
4.7x1 0s
5.7x1 06
3.7x1 06
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Resins
Resins
Alkyl acetates
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
14.6
0.01665
possible
clear
84.7
314
no exposure
possible
no exposure
no exposure
possible
4.1x106
1.5X106
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Hydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
3o!yol derivatives
Organotitanium compounds
Organic acids or salts
Water
Alcohols
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
6.7x1 04
4231
Concern Level0
SAT8
low or negligible
low or negligible
Inhalation
MOE Concern Level
489
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
2.4x1 06
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
CYAN
Alcohols
3igments - organometallic
Resins
Alkyl acetates
Propylene glyool ethers
Polyol derivatives
Alcohols
Resins
Water
Alkyl acetates
74.9
. 561
699
0.01659
possible
possible
low or negligible
clear
67.2
504
627
2437
possible
no exposure
no exposure
possible
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
3.2x1 05
2.5x1 06
3.1x106
1.2X107
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
MAGENTA
Alcohols
Alcohols
Pigments - organometallic
Resins
Alkyl acetates
Propylene glycol ethers
=olyol derivatives
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
norganics
3!gments - organometallic
Resins
Water
Trade secret
Propylene glycol ethers
84.8
28.3
913
2347.977
0.01327
20.8
703
possible
possible
SAT
low or negligible
low or negligible
clear
clear
low or negligible
73.5
1231
791
2031
1878
607
possible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
3.5x1 0s
3.0x1 06
3.9x1 06
9.9x1 0s
9.1x106
3.0x1 06
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 5
BLUE
Alcohols
Resins
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Alcohols
Pigments - organometallic
Pigments - organometallic
Pblyol derivatives
8.22
935
0.0058 .
clear
low or negligible
clear
SAT
158
355
361
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
7.7x1 0s
1.7x106
1.7x106
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus compounds
tydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
1.4x104
456
328
Concern Level0
low or negligible
possible
possible
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
GREEN
Alcohols
Resins
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Alkyl acetates
Pigments - inorganic
Alcohols
Alcohols
'igments - organic
Polyol derivatives
3igments - organometallic
Pigments - inorganic
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus compounds
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
9.66
907
0.0057
1.2x104
406
292
clear
low or negligible
clear
low or negligible
possible
possible
165
307-
319
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
8.0x1 05
1.5x106
1.5x106
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
WHITE
:>igments - inorganic
Resins
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Alkyi acetates
12.9
0.01049
1.2x104
405
possible
clear
low or negligible
possible
81.4
215
no exposure
no exposure
Possible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
4.0x1 05
1.0x106
CYAN
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Resins
9.0
clear
118
low or negligible
no exposure
5.8x1 05
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Pigments - organometallic
Alcohols
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
AmWes or nitrogenous
compounds
Polyol derivatives
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Organophosphorus compounds
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
0.0057
1028
1.3x10"
418
301
Concern Level0
clear
low or negligible
low or negligible
possible
possible
Inhalation
MOE
243
268
Concern Level
no exposure
possible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
1.2x106
1.3x106
Concern Level
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
MAGENTA
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Resins
Pigments - organometallic
Alcohols
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Polyol derivatives
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Organophosphorus compounds
10.3
0.003
891
1.2x104
398
287
possible
SAT
clear
low or negligible
low or negligible
possible
possible
174
177
299
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
possible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
8.5x1 05
8.5x1 05
1.4x106
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 7
BLUE
Alcohols
Resins
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Alcohols
Pigments - organometallic
Pigments - organometallic
Polyol derivatives
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
20.9
120
0.0081
2.0x10"
possible
low or negligible
clear
SAT
low or negligible
372
42.4
467
low or negligible
no exposure
possible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
1.8X106
2.1x1 0s
2.3x1 06
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 4
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus compounds
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
635
457
Concern Level0
possible
possible
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
GREEN
Alcohols
Resins
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Alkyl acetates .
Pigments - inorganic
Alcohols
Alcohols
Pigments - organic
'olyol derivatives
Pigments - organometallic
Pigments - inorganic
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus compounds
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
20.9
114
0.0095
2.0x1 04
673
485
possible
low or negligible
clear
low or negligible
possible
possible
379
41.2
562
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
possible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
1.8x1 0s
2.0x1 05
2.7x1 06
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure .
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Resins
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
26.8
0.01389
1.6x104
539
173
possible
clear
low or negligible
possible
low or negligible
196
332
25.1
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
9.6x1 05
1.6x1 0s
1.2x105
CYAN
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Resins
Pigments - organometallic
20.4
possible
439
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
2.1x1 06.
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 5
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Alcohols
AlkyI acetates
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Polyol derivatives
•tydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Organophosphorus compounds
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b | Concern Level0
0.0085
122
1.9x10"
623
449
clear
low or negligible
low or negligible
possible
possible
Inhalation
MOE
593
51.8
Concern Level
possible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
2.9x1 06
2.5x1 0s
Concern Level
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
MAGENTA
Alcohols
•lydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Resins
'igments - organometallic
Alcohols
AlkyI acetates
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Polyol derivatives
-lydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Organophosphorus compounds
21.3
0.0052
119
1.9x10"
639
460
possible
SAT
clear
low or negligible
low or negligible
possible
possible
359
283
40.0
low or negligible
. no exposure
no exposure
possible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
1.8x106
1.4X106
1.9x105
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 10
BLUE
Alcohols
Resins
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
AlkyI acetates
Atoohols
Alcohols
Pigments - organometallic
Pigments - organometallic
Polyol derivatives
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
21.9
102
0.0084
2.0x10"
664
possible
low or negligible
clear
SAT
low or negligible
' possible
0.458
42.8
577
clear
no exposure
possible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
2.2x1 06
2.1x1 05
2.8x1 06
*•
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 6
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus compounds
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa>b
478
Concern Level0
possible
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
GREEN '
Alcohols
Resins
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Alkyl acetates
3igments - inorganic
Alcohols
Alcohols
Pigments - organic
Polyol derivatives
Pigments - organometallic
Pigments - inorganic
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organophosphorus compounds
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Resins
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
20.1
107
0.0091
2.0x104
647
466
28.4
0.01485
1.7x104
573
137
possible
low or negligible
clear
low or negligible
possible
possible
possible
clear
low or negligible
possible
low or negligible
371
39.3
551
222
376
21.2
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
possible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
•no exposure
low or negligible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
CYAN . .
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low molecular ,
weight
Resins
Pigments - organometallic
Alcohols
22.9
0.0095
possible
clear
455
614
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
possible
1.8x106
1.9x105
2.7x1 0s
1.1x106
1.8x106
1.0x1 0s
2.2x1 0s
3.0x1 06
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 7
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Polyol derivatives
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Organophosphorus compounds
3ropylene glycol ethers
Dropylene glycol ethers
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
189
2.1x104
697
502
133
Concern Level0
low or negligible
low or negligible
possible
possible
low or negligible
SAT
Inhalation
MOE
74.8
52.7
Concern Level
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
SAT
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
3.6x1 05
2.6x1 05
Concern Level
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
SAT
MAGENTA
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Resins
Pigments - organometallic
Alcohols
Alkyl acetates
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Organic acids or salts
Siloxanes
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
'olyol derivatives
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Organophosphorus compounds
aropylene glycol ethers
Propylene glycol ethers
24.4
0.0059
92.1
2.2x10"
733
527
672
possible
SAT
clear
. possible
low or negligible
possible
possible
low or negligible
SAT
435
343
32.6
238
low or negligible
no exposure
ho exposure
possible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
SAT
2.1x106
1.7x106
1.6x105
1.2x106
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
SAT
Water-based Ink #W1 - Site 4
BLUE
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Alcohols
Water
'igmenls - organic
ithytene glycol ethers
Resins
•lydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
393
1005.025
low or negligible
low or negligible
258
165
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
9.4x1 0s
9.2x1 05
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 8
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOX1CITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Alcohols
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
0.04658
Concern Level0
clear
Inhalation
MOE Concern Level
5000
low or negligible
General Population
Inhalation
MOE Concern Level
1.8x107
low or negligible
GREEN
Pigments - inorganic
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organic
Acrylic acid polymers
Alcohols
Water
Resins
Ethylene glycol ethers
Hydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Alcohols
577
1418
0.06912
low or negligible
low or negligible
clear
450
276
8813
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
1.6x106
1.5x106
3.2x1 07
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Acrylic acid polymers
Water
Resins
Alcohols
Organic acids or salts
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Ethylene glycol ethers
1045.957
37.5
low or negligible
possible
158
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
CYAN
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Water
Ethylene glycol ethers
Organic acids or salts
Acrylic acid polymers
Acrylic acid polymers
Alcohols
Ethylene glycol ethers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
712
28.7
1607
low or negligible
possible
low or negligible
235
2114
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
5.7x1 05
1.3x106
7.7x1 0s
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
MAGENTA
Pigments - organic
Acrylic acid polymers
Water
Ethylene glycol ethers
Acrylic acid polymers
Acrylic acid polymers
Organic acids or salts
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
704
39.2
low or negligible
possible
227
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
1.3x106
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 9
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
Concern Level0
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
Water-based Ink #W2 - Site 1
BLUE
Water
Pigments - organometallic
Resins
Resins
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organic
Pigments - organic
Ethytene glycol ethers
Inorganics
Ethylens glycol ethers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Hydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Hydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Alcohols
ithylene glycol ethers
Alcohols
745
5576
7.5x10"
1.6x105
825
low or negligible
low or negligible'
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
832
5.5x1 04
2.9x10"
606
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
3.0x1 06
20.0x1 08
1.61x10"
2.2x1 06
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
GREEN
Water
Resins
'igments - organic
Acrylic acid polymers
Resins
Ethylene glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Hydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
418
3168
low or negligible
low or negligible
647
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
2.4x1 06
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
WHITE
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Alcohols
•lydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Pigments - inorganic
Alcohols
9950
4737.977
1.6x10"
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
410
781
2731
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
2.3x1 06
2.9x1 06
1 0.0x1 06
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 10
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b Concern Level0
Inhalation
WIDE Concern Level
General Population
Inhalation
MOE Concern Level
CYAN
Water
Pigments - organometallic
tesins
Ethylene glycol ethers
Alcohols
Ethylene glycol ethers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds . — -•••-
MAGENTA
Water
Resins
Acrylic acid polymers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Hydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Hydrocarbons - low molecular
weight
Pigments - organic
Alcohols
Ethylene glycol ethers
1.3x104
low or negligible
1.1x104
374
2804
1.2x104
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
2068
1.1x104
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
7.8x1 07
6.2x1 07
7.5x1 06
7.8x1 07
6.2x1 07
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 2
BLUE
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organic
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Ethylene glycol ethers
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Alcohols
Poiyfunctional aziridine
Other components
725
1304
2976
1.38
possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
clear
1336
1.0x105
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
GREEN
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - inorganic
Acrylic acid polymers
no exposure
. no exposure
no exposure
4.9x1 0s
3.7x1 o8
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 11
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Pigments - organic
Alcohols
Olefin polymers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Siloxanes
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Alcohols
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa>b
0.02669
2.2x1 0s
862
774
5549
Concern Level0
clear
low or negligible
possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
Inhalation
MOE Concern Level
1991
2524
2530
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
7.5x1 06
1.4x107
9.2x1 06
2.1x108
Concern Level
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Ethylene glycol ethers
Olefin polymers
Siloxanes
Alcohols
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Alcohols
571
1.3x104
686
3691
1.66
' possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
clear
2358
667
4.9x1 04
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
8.6x1 06
2.4x1 06
1.8x1 0s
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
CYAN
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Olefin polymers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Siloxanes
Propylene glycol ethers
Alcohols
Organic acids or salts
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
408.998
613
possible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
'
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
MAGENTA
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Acrylic acid polymers
'igments - organometallic
327
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 12
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Ethylene glycol ethers
Olefin polymers
Siloxanes
Propylene glycol ethers
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Alcohols
Alcohols
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
510
843
1.0x1 0s
1.03
Concern Level0
possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
clear
Inhalation
MOE
6.8x1 04
1.1x105
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
2.5x1 08
4.1x108
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 3
BLUE
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organic
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Ethylene glycol ethers
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
532
957
907
possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
782
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
GREEN
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - inorganic
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Pigments - organic
Alcohols
Olefin polymers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Siloxanes
Organic acids or salts
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
0.01928
1.5X104
601
541
clear
low or negligible
possible
low or negligible
2063
2524
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Acrylic acid polymers
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
2.8x1 06
7.5x1 06
1.4x1 0s
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 13
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Ethylene glycol ethers
Olefin polymers
Siloxanes
Alcohols
Organic acids or salts
Extender
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
541
1.2x104
649
1314
Concern Level0
possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
Inhalation
MOE
1656
176
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
6.1X106
6.4x1 05
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
CYAN
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Olefin polymers
Ethylene glycol ethers
Siloxanes
'ropylene glycol ethers
Alcohols
Organic acids or salts
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
388
583
possible
low or negligible
MAGENTA
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Acrylic acid polymers
'igments - organometallic
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Ethylene glycol ethers
Olefin polymers
Siloxanes
'ropylene glycol ethers
Organic acids or salts
Alcohols
Ethylene glycol ethers
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
240
376
620
8000
low or negligible
possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
•no exposure '
no exposure
no exposure .
809
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
3.0x1 06
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
Water-based Ink #W4 - Site 9A
BLUE
Water
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Resins
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 14
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Pigments - organometallic
Alcohols
Propylene glycol ethers
Propylene glycol ethers
lydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
0.0084
888
581
224
2.2x1 05
1695
Concern Level0
clear
low or negligible
low or negligible
possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
,
Inhalation
WIDE
2369
1523
997
386
3.9x1 05
2916
Concern Level
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
possible
no exposure
• no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
8.6x1 06
5.6x1 06
3.7x1 06
2.1x106
2.15x109
1.1x107
GREEN
Water
Pigments - inorganic
Acrylic acid polymers
Alcohols
Pigments - organic
Resins
Pigments - organometallic
Pigments - inorganic
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Hydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
865
0.0172
5.7x1 04
229
low or negligible
clear
low or negligible
possible
1553
5059
1.0X105
412
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Water
Acrylic acid polymers
Inorganics
Alcohols
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Hydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
0.01442
2363
192
low or negligible'
clear
low or negligible
possible
515
515
41.9
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible .
low or negligible
clear
5.7x1 06
1.8x107
5.71 x108
2.3x1 06
1.9x1 0s
1.9x1 0s
2.3x1 05
Concern Level
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 15
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Siloxanes
Alcohols
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
Concern Level0
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
CYAN
Water
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Resins
Alcohols
Propylene glycol ethers
Propylene glycol ethers
Alcohols
Hydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Solids
zthylene glycol ethers
Hydrocarbon - high molecular
weight
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
MAGENTA
Water
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylic acid polymers
Alcohols
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Hydrocarbons - high molecular
weight
Siloxanes
Alcohols
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
0.006
672
401
238
164
2.8x1 05
noexp
1661
112
0.0098
1112
3.3x10"
98.0
clear
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
possible
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
clear
low or negligible
low or negligible
clear
1475
1004
1.8x10"
244
4. 1x1 0s
noexp
2472
3554
2465
7.2x1 04
217
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
possible
no exposure
no exposure
5.4x1 06
3.7x1 06
6.5x1 07
1.4x106
2.30x1 09
noexp
9.0x1 06
1.3x107
9.0x1 06
40.0x1 08
1.2x106
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
U V-cured Ink #U1 - Site 11
BLUE
Acrylated polymers
'Igments - organic
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
112
SAT
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 16
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
Concern Level0
SAT
GREEN
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - inorganic
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
Acrylated polyols
114
630
SAT
low or negligible
SAT
possible
Inhalation
MOE Concern Level
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
793
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
possible
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
1.99X107
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
WHITE
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic esters
Organophosphorus compounds
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
Pigments - inorganic
3igments - inorganic
187
SAT
SAT
low or negligible
SAT
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
- no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
CYAN
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
112
SAT
low or negligible
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure ,
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
MAGENTA
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic esters
Aromatics ketones
112
112
SAT
low or negligible
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 17
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXIC1TY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
Concern Level0
SAT
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
UV-cured Ink #U2 - Site 6
BLUE
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polyols
Polyol derivatives
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organic
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Olefin polymers
Alcohols
Aromatic ketones
150
623
SAT
possible
SAT
low or negligible
188
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
8.8x1 05
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
GREEN
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - inorganic
Polyol derivatives
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organic
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Olefin polymers
Alcohols
Aromatic ketones
231
240
SAT
low or negligible
possible
SAT
572
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
2.7x1 06
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polymers
Organophosphorus compounds
Aromatic ketones
145
134
low or negligible
possible
SAT
44.4
no exposure
no exposure
clear
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
2.1x105
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 18
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
1
Formulation
Aromatic ketones
Alcohols
Olefin polymers
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
Concern Level0
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
CYAN
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polyols
Polyol derivatives
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Olefin polymers
Alcohols
Aromatic ketones
Acrylated polyols
124
4545
SAT
possible
SAT
low or negligible
MAGENTA
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polyols
Acrylated polyols
Polyol derivatives
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Olefin polymers
Alcohols
Aromatic ketones
111
327
168
SAT
low or negligible
low or negligible
SAT
possible
373
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
326
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
possible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
1.8x106
1.5x106
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
low or negligible
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
UV-cured Ink #U3 - Site 8
BLUE
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organic
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
SAT
SAT
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 19
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Otefin polymers
GREEN
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - inorganic
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
WHITE
Pigments - inorganic
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polymers
Acrylated polymers
Aromatic esters
Organophosphorus compounds
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
Aromatic ketones
CYAN
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organometallic
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
Olefin polymers
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
Concern Level0
Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
no exposure
General Population
Inhalation
MOE
SAT
SAT
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
SAT
SAT
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
SAT
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 20
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK RESULTS
Formulation
Occupational
Dermal
MOEa'b
Concern Level0
, Inhalation
MOE
Concern Level
Inhalation
MOE
MAGENTA
Acrylated polymers
Pigments - organic
Acrylated polyols
Aromatic esters
Aromatic ketones
Aromatic ketones
Amides or nitrogenous
compounds
Siloxanes
SAT
SAT
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
Concern Level
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
SAT
no exposure
no exposure
-A Margin of Exposure (MOE) or a Hazard Quotient (HQ) gives an estimate of the "margin of safety" between an estimated
exposure level and the level at which adverse effects may occur. Hazard Quotient values below unity imply that adverse effects are
very unlikely to occur The more the Hazard Quotient exceeds unity, the greater the level of concern. High MOE values, such as
values greater than 100 for a NOAEL-based MOE or 1000 for a LOAEL-based MOE, imply a low level of concern. As the MOE
decreases, the level of concern increases. ..~r-f
bThe absence of HQ or MOE values in this table indicates that insufficient hazard data were available to calculate a HQ or MOE for
that chemical. .. .. '. :.
°The Concern Level is derived from a MOE or an HQ. Concern Levels for developmental toxicity were assessed by criteria
presented in a memorandum from J. Seed to T. O'Bryan, "Criteria for 8(e) CAP Submissions", USEPA, OPPTS, March 25, 1994.
d No level of concern could be assigned to this chemical due to no exposure.
e The OPPT Structure Activity Team has indicated a concern for developmental toxicity for this chemical. SAT concerns are
provided only for those chemicals with insufficient developmental hazard data available. It should be noted that SAT-based
developmental toxicity concerns were not ranked as were systemic toxicity concerns; the SAT indicated only if a concern for
developmental toxicity existed for a given chemical. .
f A developmental MOE was not available for this chemical due to a lack of hazard data for this route of exposure; however, the risk
associated with dermal exposure to this chemical is expected to be very low.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 21
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-J
DEVELOPMENTAL TOX1CITY RISK RESULTS
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-J, page 22
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-K (Risk Chapter)
Summary of Occupational
Systemic Toxicity Risk — Dermal3
Ink system color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT-based evaluation c
low
low-
moderate
Solvent-based Ink #S1 - Site 9B
BLUE (15)d
GREEN (12)
WHITE (13)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (63)
4
2
1
1
1
9/63
(14%)
1
3
4
2
3
13/63
(21%)
2
2
1
2
3
10/63
(16%)
2
2
1
2
2
9/63
(14%)
5
3
5
2
4
19/63
(30%)
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 5
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
3
5
2
3
2
15/70
(21%)
3 .
3
4
3
3
16/70
(23%)
2
2
-
2
2
8/70
(11%)
2
2
2
2
2
10/70
(14%)
5
5
2
4
5
21/70
(30%)
moderate
1
-
1
-
-.
2/63
(3%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 7
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (71)
3
5
3
3
2
16/71
(23%)
3
3
3
3
3
15/71
(21%)
2
2
1
2
2
9/71
(13%)
2
2
2
2
2
10/71
(14%)
5
5
2
4
5
21/71
(30%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
No
exposure
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- •
-
-
-
No data
-
-
-
-
1
1/63
(2%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 10
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (16)
MAGENTA (16)
TOTALS (75)
4
5
3
4
3
19/75
(25%)
2
3
3
2
3
13/75
(17%)
2
2
1
3
2
10/75
(13%)
2
2
2
2
2
10/75
(13%)
5
5
2
5
6
23/75
(31%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
•"
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-K, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-K
OCCUPATIONAL SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK - DERMAL
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT-based evaluation c
low
low-
moderate
moderate
No
exposure
No data
Water-based Ink #W1 - Site 4
BLUE (10)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (7)
TOTALS (43)
1
-
-
2
-
3/43
(7%)
2
3
1
-
-
6/43
(14%)
3
3
2
3
3
14/43
(33%)
2
1
1
-
-
4/43
(9%)
2
3
3
4
4
16/43
(37%)
-
-
-
-
-
•
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
Water-based Ink #W2 - Site 1
BLUE (16)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (6)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (48)
7
3
1
1
3
15/48
(31%)
2
1
3
2
1
9/48
(19%)
1
-
2
1
2
6/48
(13%)
3
1
-
1
1
6/48
(13%)
2
3
1
1
2
9/48
(19%)
1
1
-
-
1
3/48
(6%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
_
-
-
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 2
BLUE (13)
GREEN (13)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (11)
MAGENTA (13)
TOTALS (62)
2
1
3
2
3
11/62
(18%)
1
3
2
2
2
10/62
(16%)
2
3
2
1
2
10/62
(16%)
1
1
-
-
-
2/62
(3%)
5
4
5
6
6
26/62
(42%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
_
-
-
3/62
(5%)
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 3
BLUE (10)
GREEN (11)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (11)
MAGENTA (12)
TOTALS (56)
0
1
1
2
2
6/56
(11%)
1
3
3
2
2
11/56
(20%)
3
2
2
1
2
10/56
(18%)
1
- .
-
-.-
-
1/56
(2%)
5
5
5
6
6
27/56
(48%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
1
.
-
1/56
(2%)
Water-based Ink #W4 - Site 9A
BLUE (14)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (17)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (66)
3
4
2
4
2
15/66
(23%)
3
3
2
3
2
13/66
(20%)
2
2
2
2
2
10/66
(15%)
1
1
-
1
-
3/66
(5%)
5
5
4
5
4
23/66
(35%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
_
_
.
2
-
2/66
(3%)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-K, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-K
OCCUPATIONAL SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK - DERMAL
Ink system color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
' clear
SAT-based evaluation0
low
low-
moderate
moderate
UV-cured lnk#U1 -Site 11
BLUE (9)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (48)
1
1
1
2
1
6/48
(13%)
-
1
1
-
-
2/48
(4%)
,
-..
-.
-
1
1/48
(2%)
1
-
-
-
-
1/48
(2%)
6
6
8
6
7
32/48
(67%)
1
2
1
1
1
6/48
, (13%)
UV-cured Ink #U2 - Site 6
BLUE (15)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
2
1
1
2
1
7/70
(10%)
2
3
3
2
2
12/70
(17%)
3
3
3
3
4
16/70
(23%)
4
3
2
3
3
15/70
(21%)
3
4
2
3
3
15/70
(21%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/70
(7%)
UV-cured Ink #U3 - Site 8
BLUE (9)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (46)
1
1
-
2
1
5/46
(11%)
-
1
2
-
-
3/46
(7%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
.
' . -
1
2/46
(4%)
5
5
7
5
5
27/46
(59%)
2
2
1
2
2
9/46
(20%)
No
exposure
-
-
-
-
-..
-
-
-
-
-
-
- •
-
-
.
-
-
-
No data
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
•
-
-
-
-
-
-
b Criteria for level of concern are presented in Table 3.15 (page 3-48).
CSAT concern levels are generated by the OPPT Structure Activity Team to predict toxicity based on analog data
and/or structure-activity considerations. SAT concern levels are provided for chemicals with insufficient systemic
hazard data available. Criteria for SAT concern levels are presented on page 3-49.
d Number of chemicals in the color.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-K, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-K
OCCUPATIONAL SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK - DERMAL
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-K, page 4
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-L (Risk Chapter)
Summary of Occupational
Systemic Toxicity Risk — Inhalation3
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT-based evaluation c
low
low-
moderate
moderate
No
exposure
No data
Solvent-based Ink #S1 - Site 9B
BLUE (15) d
GREEN (12)
WHITE (13)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (63)
1
1
0
-
1
3/63
(5%)
1
1
1
1
2
6/63
(10%)
2
3
3
3
3
14/63
(22%)
-
1
-
-
-
1/63
(2%)
1
-
2
1
1
5/63
(8%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
6.
7
4
6
33/63
(52%)
-
-
-
-
1
1/63
(2%)
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 5
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
5/70
(7%)
3
3
2
3
3
14/70
(20%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
2
2
2
10/70
(14%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
11
5
8
8
41/70
(59%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 7
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (71)
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
5/71
(7%)
3
3
3
3
3
15/71
(21%)
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
2
2
2
10/71
(14%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
11
5
8
8
41/71
(58%)
- •
-
-
-
-
-
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 10
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (16)
MAGENTA (16)
TOTALS (75)
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
5/75
(7%)
3
3
3
4
4
17/75
(23%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
2
3
3
12/75
(16%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
11
5
8
8
41/75
(55%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-L, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-L
OCCUPATIONAL SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK - INHALATION
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT-based evaluation c
low
low-
moderate
moderate
No
exposure
No data
Water-based Ink #W1 - Site 4
BLUE (10)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (7)
TOTALS (43)
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
1
-
2/43
(5%)
4
4
2
3
2
15/43
(35%)
-
-
-
-
•
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
5
6
5
26/43
(60%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Water-based Ink #W2 - Site 1
BLUE (16)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (6)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (48)
3
2
1
-
2
8/48
(17%)
1
-
-
1
1
3/48
(6%)
3
1
4
2
2
12/48
(25%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
• -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
2
3
5
25/48
(52%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 2
BLUE (13)
GREEN (13)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (11)
MAGENTA (13)
TOTALS (62)
-
-
-
1
2
3/62
(5%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/62
(8%)
3
4
4
1
2
14/62
(23%)
-
-
-
-
• -
-
•
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
7
7
8
8
38/62
(61%)
1
1
.-
-
-
2/62
(3%)
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 3
BLUE (10)
GREEN (11)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (11)
MAGENTA (12)
TOTALS (56)
-
1
-
1
2
4/56
(7%)
-
-
-
1
1
2/56
(4%)
3
3
4
1
1
12/56
(21%)
-
• -
-
-
.-
-
,
-
-
-
-
-
-•
-
-
-
-
7
7
7
8
8
37/56
(66%)
-
-
1
-
-
1/56
(2%)
Water-based Ink #W4 - Site 9A
BLUE (14)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (17)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (66)
1
1
-
2
1
5/66
(8%)
3
2
-
2
1
8/66
(12%)
3
3
4
3
3
16/66
(24%)
-
•
-
-
-
•
1
1
1
1
1
5/66
(8%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
8
5
8
4
31/66
(47%)
-
-
-
1
-
1/66
(2%)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-L, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-L
OCCUPATIONAL SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK- INHALATION
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT-based evaluation c
low
low-
moderate
moderate
No
exposure
No data
UV-cured Ink #U1 - Site 11
BLUE (9)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (48)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- .
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
5/48
(10%)
1
2
1
1
1
6/48
(13%)
7
7
9
7
7
37/48
(77%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
UV-cured Ink #U2 - Site 6
BLUE (15)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
-
1
- .
1
1
3/70
(4%)
1
1
-
-
2/70
(3%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/70
(7%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
. . -
1
1
1
1
1
5/70
(7%)
12
12
9
11
11
55/70
(79%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
UV-cured Ink #U3 - Site 8
BLUE (9)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (46)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
'
-
-
-
-
-
- •
-
1
1
1
1
1
5/46
(11%)
2
2
1
2
2
9/46
(20%)
6
6
8
6
6
32/46
(70%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
aThe numbers in each column show the number of chemicals within each risk-based or SAT-based classification.
b Criteria for level of concern are presented in Table 3.15 (page 3-48).
°SAT concern levels are generated by the OPPT Structure Activity Team to predict toxicity based on analog data
and/or structure-activity considerations. SAT concern levels are provided for chemicals with insufficient systemic
hazard data available. Criteria for SAT concern levels are presented on page 3-49.
d Number of chemicals in the color.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-L, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-L
OCCUPATIONAL SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK - INHALATION
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-L, page 4
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-M (Risk Chapter)
Summary of Occupational
Developmental Toxicity Risk — Dermal3
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT developmental
concern c
No
exposure
No data
Solvent-based Ink #S1 - Site 9B
BLUE (15)d
GREEN (12)
WHITE (13)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (63)
3
4
2
1
2
12/63
(19%)
1
1
1
2
2
7/63
(11%)
1
1
1
1
2
6/63
(10%)
3
-
1
-
1
5/63
(8%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
6
8
5
7
33/63
(52%)
Solvent-based Ink #52 - Site 5
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
2
2
1
2
2
9/70
(13%)
2
2
2
2
3
11/70
(16%)
2
2
1
2
1
8/70
(11%)
1
-
-
-
1
2/70
(3%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
11
6
8
7
40/70
(57%)
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 7
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (71)
2
2
2
2
2
10/71
(14%)
3
3
2
3
3
14/71
(20%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/71
(7%)
1
-
-
•
1
2/71
(3%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
11
6
8
7
40/71 ,
(56%)
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 10
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (16)
MAGENTA (16)
TOTALS (75)
2
2
2
3
2
11/75
(15%)
3
3
2
3
4
.15/75
(20%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/75
(7%)
1
-
-
1
2
4/75
(5%)
-
-
-
-
-
8
11
6
8
7
40/75
(53%)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-M, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-M
OCCUPATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK - DERMAL
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation11
low
possible
clear
SAT developmental
concern c
No
exposure
Mo data
Water-based Ink #W1 - Site 4
BLUE (10)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (7)
TOTALS (43)
2
2
1
2
1
8/43
(19%)
-
-
1
1
1
3/43
(7%)
1
1
-
-
-
2/43
(5%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
7 '
5
6
5
30/43
(70%)
Water-based Ink #W2 - Site 1
BLUE (16)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (6)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (48)
6
2
3
1
3
15/48
(31%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
7
4
5
7
33/48
(69%)
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 2
BLUE (13)
GREEN (13)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (11)
MAGENTA (13)
TOTALS (62)
2
3
3
1
3
12/62
(19%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/62
(8%)
1
1
1
-
1
4/62
(6%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
8
7
9
8
41/62
(66%)
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 3
BLUE (10)
GREEN (11)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (11)
MAGENTA (12)
TOTALS (56)
2
2
3
1
3
11/56
(20%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/56
(9%)
-
1
-
-
-
1/56
(2%)
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
7
8
9
8
39/56
(70%)
Water-based Ink #W4 - Site 9A
BLUE (14)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (17)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (66)
4
2
2
5
3
16/66
(24%)
1
1
1
1
-
4/66
(6%)
1
1
1
1
2
6/66
(9%)
-
-
-
-
-
- .
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
11
6
10
5
40/66
(61%)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-M, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-M
OCCUPATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK - DERMAL
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT developmental
concern c
No
exposure
No data
UV-cured Ink #U1 - Site 11
BLUE (9)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (48)
1
1
1
. 1
2
6/48
(13%)
-
1
-
-
-
1/48
(2%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
4
2
2
12/48
(25%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
6
6
6
5
29/48
(60%)
UV-cured Ink #U2 - Site 6
BLUE (15)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
1
1
1
1
2
6/70
(9%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/70
(7%)
- -
-
•
-
-
-
2
2
1
2
2
9/70
(13%)
-
-
-
.-
-
-
11
11
9, .,
10
9
50/70
(71%)
UV-cured Ink #U3 - Site 8
BLUE (9)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (46)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
4
3
3
16/46
(35%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
6 ,
6.
6
6
6
30/46
(65%)
aThe numbers in each column show the number of chemicals within each risk-based or bA I -Based ciassmcation.
b Criteria for level of concern are presented in Table 3.15 (page 3-48).
c SAT concern levels are generated by the OPPT Structure Activity Team to predict toxicity based on analog data
and/or structure-activity considerations. SAT concern levels are provided for chemicals with insufficient systemic
hazard data available.
d Number of chemicals in the color.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-M,page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-M
OCCUPATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK - DERMAL
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-M, page 4
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-N (Risk Chapter)
Summary of Occupational
Developmental Toxicity Risk — Inhalation"
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT developmental
concern °
No
exposure
No data
Solvent-based Ink #81 - Site 9B
BLUE (15)d
GREEN (12)
WHITE (13)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (63)
2
3
1
2
4
12/63
(19%)
1
2
2
2
1
8/63
(13%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
6
7
4
6
33/63
(52%)
2
1
3
1
3
10/63
(16%)
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 5
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
2
2
-
2
2
8/70
(11%)
1
1
2
1
1
6/70
(9%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
11
5
8
8
41/70
(59%)
3
3
3
3
3
15/70
(21%)
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 7
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (71)
1
1
1
1
1
5/71
(7%)
2
2
2
2
2
10/71
(14%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
11
5
8
8
41/71
(58%)
3
3
3
3
3
15/71
(21%)
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 10
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (16)
MAGENTA (16)
TOTALS (75)
-
1
1
1
2
5/75
.(7%)
2
2
2
3
2
11/75
(15%)
1
-
-
-
1/75
(1%)
-
-
-
1
1
2/75
(3%)
9
11
5
8
8
41/75
(55%)
3
3
3
3
3
15/75
(20%)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-N, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-N
OCCUPATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK - INHALATION
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT developmental
concern c
No
exposure
No data
Water-based Ink #W1 - Site 4
BLUE (10)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (7)
TOTALS (43)
3
3
1
2
1
10/43
(23%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
5
6
5
26/43
(60%)
2
2
1
1
1
7/43
(16%)
Water-based Ink #W2 - Site 1
BLUE (16)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (6)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (48)
3
-
3
1
2
9/48
(19%)
1
1
-
-
-
2/48
(4%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
2
3
5
25/48
(52%)
3
2
2
2
3
12/48
(25%) •
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 2
BLUE (13)
GREEN (13)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (11)
MAGENTA (13)
TOTALS (62)
2
3
3
-
2
10/62
(16%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
7
7
8
8
38/62
(61%)
3
3
2
3
3
14/62
(23%)
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 3
BLUE (10)
GREEN (11)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (11)
MAGENTA (12)
TOTALS (56)
1
2
2
-
1
6/56
(11%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
'
7
6
7
8
8
36/56
(66%)
2
3
3
3
3
14/56
,(25%)
Water-based Ink #W4 - Site 9A
BLUE (14)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (17)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (66)
5
3
1
5
3
17/66
(26%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/66
(8%)
-
-
1
-
-
1/66
(2%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
8
5
7
4
30/66
(45%)
2
3
2
4
2
13/66
(20%)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-N, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-N
OCCUPATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK- INHALATION
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT developmental
concern °
No
exposure
No data
UV-cured Ink #U1 - Site 11
BLUE (9)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (48)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1/48
(2%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
5/48
(10%)
7
7
9
7
7
37/48
(77%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/48
(10%)
UV-cured Ink #U2 - Site 6
BLUE (15)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
-
-
-
-
-
:
1
1
-
1
1
4/70
(6%)
-
-
1
-
-
1/70
d%)
-
-
•
-
-
-
12
12
9
11
11
55/70
(79%)
2
2
2
2
2
10/70
(14%)
UV-cured Ink #U3 - Site 8
BLUE (9)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (46)
-
-
-
-
-
' -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
1
2
2
9/46
(19%)
6
6
8
6
6
32/46
(70%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/46
(11%)
aThe numbers in each column show the number of chemicals within each risk-based or SAT-based classification.
b Criteria for level of concern are presented in Table 3.15 (page 3-48).
c SAT concern levels are generated by the OPPT Structure Activity Team to predict toxicity based on analog data
and/or structure-activity considerations. SAT concern levels are provided for chemicals with insufficient systemic
hazard data available.
d Number of chemicals in the color.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-N,page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-N
OCCUPATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK - INHALATION
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-N, page 4
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-O (Risk Chapter)
Summary of General Population
Systemic Toxicity Risk — Inhalation3
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT-based evaluation0
low
low-
moderate
moderate
No
exposure
No data
Solvent-based Ink #S1 - Site BB
BLUE (15)d
GREEN (12)
WHITE (13)
CYAN - (9)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (63)
4
5
4
4
6
23/63
(37%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
2
1
1
6/63
(10%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
6
7
4
6
33/63
(52%)
' -
-
-
-
1
1/63
(2%)
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 5
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
4
4
2
3
3
16/70
(23%)
-
-
1
1
1
3/70
(4%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- -
-
-
2
2
2
2
2
10/70
(14%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
11
5
8
8
41/70
(59%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 7
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (71)
4
4
4
4
4
20/71
(28%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
2
2
2
10/71
(14%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
11
5
8
8
41/71
(58%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 1 0
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (16)
MAGENTA (16)
TOTALS (75)
4
4
4
5
5
22/75
(29%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
'
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
2
3
3
12/75
(16%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
11
5
8
8
41/75
(55%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-O, pagel
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-O
GENERAL POPULATION SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK - INHALATION
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT-based evaluation c
low
low-
moderate
moderate
No
exposure
No data
Water-based Ink #W1 - Site 4
BLUE (10)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (7)
TOTALS (43)
5
5
2
3
2
17/43
(40%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
•
- •
-
-
5
5
5
6
5
26/43
(60%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Water-based Ink #W2- Site 1
BLUE (16)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (6)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (48)
7
3
4
3
5
22/48
(46%)
-
-
1
-
-
1/48
(2%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
2
3
5
25/48
(52%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 2
BLUE (13)
GREEN (13)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (11)
MAGENTA (13) .
TOTALS (62)
4
6
4
3
5
22/62
(35%)
-
-
1
-
-
1/62
(2%)
-
-
-
- .
! -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-.
-
-
8
7
7
8
8
38/62
(61%)
1
•- '
- •
-
-
1/62
. (2%)
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 3
BLUE (10)
GREEN (11)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (11)
MAGENTA (12)
TOTALS (56)
3
4
3
3
4
17/56
(30%)
-
-
1
-
-
1/56
(2%)
-
-
'
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
•
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
7
8
8
8
38/56
(68%)
-
-
-
-
-
Water-based Ink #W4 - Site 9A
BLUE (14)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (17)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (66)
7
6
4
7
5
29/66
(44%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
5/66
(8%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
8
5
8
4
31/66
(47%)
-
-
-
1
-
1/66
(2%)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-O, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-0
GENERAL POPULATION SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK - INHALATION
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT-based evaluation c
low
low-
moderate
moderate
No
exposure
No data
UV-cured lnk#U1 -Site 11
BLUE (9)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (48)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
5/48
(10%)
1
2
1
1
1
6/48
(13%)
7
7
9
7
7
37/48 .
(77%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
UV-cured Ink #112 - Site 6
BLUE (15)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
2
2
1
2
2
9/70
(13%)
-
-
1
-
-
1/70
d%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
UV-cured Ink #U3 - Site 8
BLUE (9)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (46)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- •
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
5/70
(7%)
12
12
9
11
11
55/70
(70%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
5/46
(11%)
2
2
1
2
2
9/46
(20%)
6
6
8
6
6
32/46
(70%)
-
-
-
-
-
- -
aThe numbers in each column show the number of chemicals within each risk-based or SAT-based classification.
"Criteria for level of concern are presented in Table 3.15 (page 3-48).
c SAT concern levels are generated by the OPPT Structure Activity Team to predict toxicity based on analog data
and/or structure-activity considerations. SAT concern levels are provided for chemicals with insufficient systemic
hazard data available. Criteria for SAT concern levels are presented on page 3-49.
d Number of chemicals in the color.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-O, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-0
GENERAL POPULATION SYSTEMIC TOXICITY RISK - INHALATION
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-O, page 4
September 2000
-------
Appendix 3-P (Risk Chapter)
Summary of General Population
Developmental Toxicity Risk — Inhalation3
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT developmental
concern °
No
exposure
No data
Solvent-based Ink #S1 - Site 9B
BLUE (15)d
GREEN (12)
WHITE (13)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (63)
3
5
3
4
5
20/63
(32%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- .
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
6
7
4
6
33/63
(52%)
2
1
3
1
3
10/63
(16%)
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 5
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
3
3
2
3
3
14/70
(20%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
9
11
5
8
8
41/70
(59%)
3
3
3
3
3
15/70
(21%)
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 7
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (71)
3
3
3
3
3
15/71
(21%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
11
5
8
8
41/71
(59%)
3
3
3
3
3
15/71
(21%)
Solvent-based Ink #S2 - Site 10
BLUE (15)
GREEN (17)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (16)
MAGENTA (16)
TOTALS (75)
3
3
3
4
4
17/75
(23%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
• -
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
2/75
(3%)
9
11
5
8
8
41/75
(55%)
3
3
3
3
3
15/75
(20%)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-P, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-P
GENERAL POPULATION DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK - INHALATION
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT developmental
concern c
No
exposure
No data
Water-based Ink #W1 - Site 4
BLUE (10)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (7)
TOTALS (43)
3
3
1
2
1
10/43
(23%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
5
6
5
26/43
(60%)
2
2
1
1
1
7/43
(16%)
Water-based Ink #W2 - Site 1
BLUE (16)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (7)
CYAN (6)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (48)
4
1
3
2
3
13/48
(27%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
2
3
5
25/48
(52%)
3
2
2
1
2
10/48
(21%)
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 2
BLUE (13)
GREEN (13)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (11)
MAGENTA (13)
TOTALS (62)
2
4
3
-
2
11/62
(18%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
7
7
8
8
38/62
(61%)
3
2
2
3
3
13/62
(21%)
Water-based Ink #W3 - Site 3
WHITE (12)
REFLEX BLUE (10)
345 GREEN (11)
PROCESS
MAGENTA (12)
PROCESS CYAN
(11)
TOTALS (56)
2
1
2
1
-
6/56
(11%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
•
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
7
7
8
8
37/56
(66%)
3
2
2
3
3
13/56
(23%)
Water-based Ink #W4 - Site 9A
BLUE (14)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (17)
MAGENTA (10)
TOTALS (66)
6
4
3
6
4
23/66
(35%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
8
5
7
4
30/66
(45%)
2
3
2
4
2
13/66
(20%)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-P, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 3-P
GENERAL POPULATION DEVELOPMENTAL TOX1C1TY RISK - INHALATION
Ink system, color
Number of chemicals
Risk-based evaluation b
low
possible
clear
SAT developmental
concern c
No
exposure
No data
UV-cured Ink #U1 -Site 11
BLUE (9)
GREEN (10)
WHITE (11)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (48)
-
1
-
-
-
1/48
(2%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
5/48
(10%)
7
7
9
7
7
37/48
(77%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/48
(10%)
UV-cured Ink #U2 - Site 6
BLUE (15)
GREEN (15)
WHITE (12)
CYAN (14)
MAGENTA (14)
TOTALS (70)
1
1
1
1
1
5/70
(7%)
-
-
-
•
' -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
12
9
11
11
55/70
(79%)
2
2
2
2
2
10/70
(14%)
UV-cured Ink #U3 - Site 8
BLUE (9)
GREEN (9)
WHITE (10)
CYAN (9)
MAGENTA (9)
TOTALS (46)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
1
2
2
9/46
(20%)
6
6
8
6
6
32/46
(70%)
1
1
1
1
1
5/46
(10%)
aThe numbers in each column show the number of chemicals within each risk-based or SAT-based classification.
b Criteria for level of concern are presented in Table 3.15 (page 3-48).
°SAT concern levels are generated by the OPPT Structure Activity Team to predict toxicity based on analog data
and/or structure-activity considerations. SAT concern levels are provided for chemicals with insufficient systemic
hazard data available.
d Number of chemicals in the color.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
3-P, page 3
September 2000
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APPENDIX 3-P GENERAL POPULATION DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK - INHALATION
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT 3-P, page 4 September 2000
-------
Appendix 4-A (Performance Chapter)
Overall Performance Demonstration Methodology
i.
PERFORMANCE TESTING OVERVIEW
A. Goal
The objective of the performance demonstration is to collect specific information from flexographic
printing facilities about the print quality, costs, and environmental and human health risks associated
with different types of ink systems, as they are printed on different types of film substrates. This data
will be incorporated into the overall project report, called the Cleaner Technologies Substitutes
Assessment (CTSA).
B. Methodology Overview
The DfE Flexography Project will demonstrate the performance of three ink systems (solvent, water-
based, and UV) on three different film substrates (oriented polypropylene, low-density polyethylene,
and polyethylene/ethyl vinyl acetate). Each substrate/ink combination will be run on a wide web press
in at least two separate volunteer printing facilities. During each demonstration, the press will be run
at production speeds (300-500 ft/min) for approximately two hours to produce up to 60,000 feet of
printed product. The 20" x 16" image will include both process tone printing in various gradations
and two-color line printing. During and following the demonstration run, laboratory tests will be
conducted to determine how well each ink system performed the desired task. To allow a comparison
of the different ink systems, data will be collected on performance, cost, human health and
environmental risks, and energy and natural resources use for each ink system.
The materials used in the demonstrations are expected to be donated to the Project by industry
participants. Ink manufacturers will be asked to submit the required quantity of ink to the Project.
Substrate manufacturers will be asked to submit the required length of film substrate. And, finally,
printers will be donating their press time to the DfE Project.
Flexographic printing experts from Western Michigan University's (WMU) Department of Paper and
Printing Science and Engineering will oversee the on-site demonstrations to ensure that the
performance demonstration methodology outlined in this documented is followed consistently at all
demonstration sites. Following the demonstrations, they will conduct laboratory tests to evaluate the
print quality of the printed substrate.
Project Participants
This performance demonstration methodology was developed by a group of volunteers from the
flexography industry with input from the DfE Flexography Project partners including representatives
of: California Film Extruders and Converters Association (CFECA), Film and Bag Federation (FBF,
previously the Plastic Bag Association), Flexible Packaging Association (FPA), Flexographic
Technical Association (FTA), Industrial Technology Institute (ITI), National Association of Printing
Ink Manufacturers (NAPIM), RadTech International, National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST), Tag and Label Manufacturers Institute (TLMI), University of Tennessee (UT), and Western
Michigan University (WMU).
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-A, page 1
September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
H. INFORMATION TO BE COLLECTED
A. Performance Information
Performance data will provide printers with information on the effectiveness of the different ink
systems evaluated under comparable conditions. While the DfE Flexography Project has made every
attempt to ensure that these demonstrations will be run under consistent conditions, they are being
conducted in actual printing facilities nationwide. As no two printing facilities are identical, it should
be noted that the performance demonstrations are not rigorous scientific investigations. Instead, they
couple the more qualitative performance evaluations with quantitative laboratory testing results. This
combination of performance information in conjunction with the cost and risk data, will allow printers
to compare the trade-offs between the various ink systems.
B. Costing Information
A cost analysis for each ink system will be conducted using supplier data, industry statistics, and
information from the performance demonstration. Data collected during the performance
demonstration that will be used in the cost analysis includes: amount of ink used; labor requirements
for makeready, demonstration run, and clean-up; materials used; waste generated; energy and natural
resources used; waste management requirements; and clean-up products used.
C. Environmental and Human Health Risk Information
A third component of this project is a technical evaluation of the human health and environmental
concerns associated with each ink system. While much of this analysis will be based on the chemical
formulation of each ink system (to be submitted by the ink suppliers), information on the associated
occupational exposures will be collected through the performance demonstration.
III. PRODUCTS TO BE DEMONSTRATED
A. Ink Specifications
1. Eligibility of Inks
The performance demonstration is open to any commercially available flexographic ink
system. Ink manufacturers who would like to submit their ink as a candidate for the
demonstrations will be asked to supply a volume of their ink needed for the initial laboratory
tests.
2. Number of Ink Systems
Inks are needed for printing on three substrates: Oriented Polypropylene (OPP), Low-density
polyethylene (LDPE), and Polyethylene/Ethyl Vinyl Acetate (PE/EVA)). A detailed
description of the substrates follows in section III.D. If each substrate requires a different ink
system, a maximum of nine different ink systems will be needed.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-A, page 2
September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
Nomenclature is as follows:
Ink System Name
1. S-OPP
2. W-OPP
3. UV-OPP
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
S-LDPE
W-LDPE
UV-LDPE
S-PE/EVA
W-PE/EVA
UV-PE/EVA
Ink
Solvent
Water
Ultra Violet Curable
Solvent
Water
Ultra Violet Curable
Solvent
Water
Ultra Violet Curable
Substrate
OPP
OPP
OPP
LDPE
LDPE
LDPE
PE/EVA
PE/EVA
PE/EVA
3. Colors to be Demonstrated
The demonstration will include printing line colors and process colors, as identified in the
Pantone Color Selector/Film Guide. For the OPP substrate, the film will be reverse printed
and used as a laminate. The colors printed will be:
Line colors
White - Opacity target (48-50), to be used with the OPP and LDPE
Reflex Blue
354 Green
Process colors
Magenta (rubine red)
Cyan (phthalocyanine blue)
B. Initial Laboratory Testing
Within the three ink systems (solvent-based, water-based, and UV-curable), one product line may be
selected for each of the three substrates (OPP, LPDE, PE/EVA), for a maximum of nine ink systems.
If certain product lines can be used on more than one substrate type, fewer product lines will be
required. If more than one product line within an ink system is submitted for the same substrate, the
ink that most closely matches the ink currently used by the volunteer facility will be selected. Prior to
sending inks to the field, WMU will test the inks in their Pilot Printing Plant as follows:
1. The ink suppliers will be asked to provide WMU with samples of white, cyan and green
inks for the initial laboratory testing.
2. At the WMU pilot plant, each ink sample will be mixed for color and viscosity at the press
to the manufacturer's specification, using solvents/additives provided by the ink supplier.
3. One printing station will be used for the tests. A 440 line anilox will be used to print the
cyan and green inks. A 220 line anilox will be used for printing the white inks.
4. One test plate will be used for evaluation of the cyan and green inks.
5. Non-UV curable inks will be assigned to either the solvent or water category, based on the
chemical and volatile organic compound (VOC) content information on each ink's MSDS. If
the press side VOC content of the water-based inks exceeds 25 % of the volatile component
(e.g., 75% water, 25% VOC), the ink will be classified as solvent-based.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-A, page 3
September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
6. Each ink will be printed on each type of substrate (OPP, LPDE, PE/EVA) at the maximum
attainable press speed (up to 500 ft/min).
7. Once maximum attainable press speed is reached, total run time will not exceed 3 minutes.
8. A series of performance tests will be conducted to evaluate the quality of the printed
samples.
C. Dry Run at WMU Pilot Plant
The inks selected for the field demonstrations will be "dry run" at the WMU Pilot Plant prior to
sending them to the volunteer facilities. The purpose of this one hour dry run is to determine if any
problems are likely to occur during a longer run. The dry run procedure will be:
1. Each substrate will be run with the selected ink using the following color combinations:
Solvent Inks (1-3 different inks)
Run 1 OPP White + Green
Run 2 LDPE White + Green
Run 3 PE/EVA Green + Cyan
Water Inks (1-3 different inks)
Run 4 OPP White + Green
Run 5 LDPE White + Green
Run 6 PE/EVA Green + Cyan
UV Inks (1-3 different inks)
Run 7 OPP White + Green
Run 8 LDPE White + Green
Run 9 PE/EVA Green + Cyan
2. Each ink sample will be mixed for color and viscosity at the press to the manufacturer's
specification, using solvents/additives supplied by the ink supplier.
3. Two printing stations will be used. A 440 line anilox will be used to print the cyan and
green inks. A 220 line anilox will be used for printing the white inks.
4. The plates used in initial laboratory test run will also be used for the dry run.
5. Each ink will be printed on each type of substrate (OPP, LPDE, PE/EVA) at the maximum
attainable press speed (up to 500 ft/min).
6. Once maximum attainable press speed is reached, total run time will be one hour.
7. During the dry run, exposure monitoring will be conducted in two testing zones — at the
operator consol and the dryer exhaust stream. In each zone, testing will be conducted for two
time periods: 0 to 15 minutes and 15 to 60 minutes.
8. During the dry run, data will be collected on energy used by the dry ing'systems, corona
treater, UV lamps, ink pumps, press, and emission control devices.
9. For each printed substrate, a select series of performance tests will be conducted.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-A, page 4
September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
D. Substrates Used in Testing
Each ink system will be run on three different film substrates. These substrates were selected by the
Project Technical Committee to represent "typical" substrates used in flexography.
1. Substrate Types
It is expected that the film will be donated by film substrate manufacturers and sent directly to
participating facilities. The three types of film that will be used are:
»• OPP (Oriented Polypropylene) - 75 gauge - slip modified
Film to be reverse printed and used as a laminate. Typical products manufactured
from this film are snack food bags and candy bar wrappers.
» LDPE (Low-density polyethylene) - 1.25 mil - medium slip - clear - 0.2 to 0.5 C.O.F.
(ASTMD1984)
Film to be surface printed. Typical products manufactured from this film are
shopping bags and bread bags.
> PE/EVA (Polyethylene/Ethyl Vinyl Acetate co-extruded film) - 2.5 mil - white high
slip - 0.2 C.O.F. (ASTMD 1984) - print PE side
Film to be surface printed. Typical products manufactured from this film are
frozen food bags.
2. Substrate Quantities
For each substrate type, each of the three ink types will be printed during the initial laboratory
tests and for two hours in at least two different facilities during field demonstrations. Total
substrate quantities required are as follows:
Solvent-
based
Water-based
UV-curable
Total
atWMU
Laboratory
60,000 ft.
60,000 ft.
60,000 ft.
180,000ft.
at TEST FACILITIES
Run Time x Per
+ Make- Press Speed = Facility x 2 Facilities
ready + Run Footage Sub-Total =
+ 15,000ft. + 2 hrs. x 500 ft/min 75,000ft. x 2 facilities =
= 60,000 ft. 150,000ft.
•*• 15000ft. + 2 hrs. x 500 ft/min 75,000ft. x 2 facilities =
= 60,000 ft. 150,000ft.
+ 15000ft. + 2 hrs. x 500 ft/min 75,000ft. x 2 facilities =
= 60,000 ft. 150,000ft.
+ 45000ft. + 180,000ft. = 225,000ft. x 2 facilities =
450,000ft.
Total
210,000ft.
210,000ft.
210,000ft.
630,000 ft.
"needed for each substrate
3. Other Substrate-related Requirements
»• All films are to be treated on press with corona treatment to a specified dyne level
that meets the specific ink manufacturer's specification. The exact treatment level will
vary for the different ink systems (solvent, water, UV) and will be recommended by
the printer. Target dyne levels may range from 38-45 dynes/cm2.
+ Core specifications are press reel dependent and will be determined after the list of
participating facilities is finalized.
»• All demonstrations will be run on wide web presses. The target web width is 24".
> The identification number and the date of manufacture for the films will be recorded
during the performance demonstration. Substrate preferably will be manufactured no
later than 6 months prior to the press run.
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
E. Image and Plates
Each demonstration facility will receive a new set of plates to minimize the variables associated with
plate wear. The image will include both process tone printing in various gradations and two-color line
printing, as described below:
1. Image
The same test image will be used for all demonstrations. Image width will be 20" and length
will be 16". The image is designed so all required tests can be conducted on the printed
substrate. A black and white, size-reduced copy of the image used can be found in Appendix
4-D.
2. Plate Manufacturing - recommended1
The plates will be manufactured according to the following specifications:
>• All plates will be manufactured in the same lot by the same manufacturer to
maximize consistency.
>• Plates will all be made of the same photopolymer material.
*• Plate gauge is press dependent and will be finalized when the list of participating
facilities is finalized.
»• Plate cylinder circumference will be 16" to 18" (single repeat). Circumference will
be finalized when the list of facilities is finalized.
3. Plate Configuration
" OPP will be reverse printed. LDPE and PE/EVA will be surface printed.
*• The image will be a combination of line and halftone as follows:
Configuration 1: Magenta + Cyan
• Two color combination to include process tones, trap and tone scales.
• 120 line screen.
• Tone to be multiple gradations of 3, 10, 15 , 20, 25, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80,
and 100 percent.
• Magenta + cyan to meet with 50% trap of tones and solids.
Configuration 2: White Background with Reflex Blue and Green Overprinted
• The image will emphasize large solid formation and trap.
F. Press Configuration
While the specific make and model of press used will vary from one participating facility to the next,
the DfE Flexography Project partners have established some guidelines to maximize consistency in the
type of press used. While the Project does not intend to exclude any printers who may be interested in
participating, an effort to maintain consistency in the press type will provide more comparable data
from the demonstrations. All press configuration parameters will be documented for each printing
facility.
1. Press Configuration - recommended
*• Central impression press.
> Six-color.
•• Production speeds of 300 - 500 feet/minute or optimized for print quality.
* Wide web press with a target width of 24 inches.
This is the recommended method for platemaking. However, if a participating facility has special requirements
for their plates, the plates for that facility may be manufactured on-site, using the same image.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
»• Plate cylinder circumference of 16" to 18" (single repeat).
> Inking system with chambered doctor blade units.
>• Target specifications for anilox rolls: (note these are target values only)
- Process anilox rolls
Screen count = 600 to 700 lines per inch (LPI)
Volume = 1.5 billion cubic microns (BCM)
- Line anilox rolls
Screen count = 440 LPI
Volume = 4 to 6 BCM
-White
Screen count = 150 LPI
Volume = 6 to 8 BCM
or
-------
APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
dryers), corona treater, UV lamps, chillers, ink pumps, press, and emissions control
devices.
- Substrate: identification number of the roll, date of manufacture, corona pre-
treatment level.
- Waste Treatment: description of on-site waste treatment capabilities (including
incineration), reliance on off-site waste treatment and disposal, annual or quarterly
costs and volumes for the facilities waste disposal and treatment, an estimate of the
percentage of these costs attributable to the facility's flexographic operations.
- History: the experience this facility and of the press operator assigned to help with
the demonstration. Include the length of time the facility and this operator have been
running this ink system and substrates, how frequently they run it, and the operator's
opinion of the ink system and substrates being demonstrated.
2. Web the press.
3. Measure and record the surface tension on the operator side and on the gear side of the web
following the procedure hi Appendix 4-1.
4. Mount the printing plates.
5. Pre-align anilox cylinder to plate, and plate to impression cylinder.
6. For surface print runs, the desired sequence of colors is white, magenta, cyan, green blue.
For reverse printing, the desired color sequence is magenta, cyan, green, blue, white. Record
the print unit number for each color.
7. Add inks and pre-mix in sumps. Record the manufacturer name and number of each of the
components added. Components may include ink, extender, solvent, and any other additives.
Weigh each component and record the quantity used.
8. For each color, measure and record the viscosity of the ink using a #2 Zahn efflux cup. For
UV inks, record the manufacturer's reported viscosity.
9. Record any observations or occurrences during the pre-makeready step (e.g., any problem
with the ink, plates, or substrate that may influence the demonstration results).
B. Makeready
Prior to production, makeready activities (set-up operations to optimize image quality) will be
performed. For the performance demonstration, collect information on the makeready activities:
1. Record the start time for makeready.
2. Record (or zero) the meter reading for the length of substrate printed.
3. Record the treat level before and after corona discharge treatment. Also record the corona
treater power level.
4. Measure and record the surface tension on the operator side and on the gear side of the web
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
following the procedure described in Appendix 4-1.
5. Complete the alignment of the anilox cylinders to the plates, and of the plates to the
impression cylinder.
6. Optimize the press speed. Record. . ,
7. Optimize the ink viscosity and color by matching it to the Pantone color swatches. Weigh
.and record the quantity of any components added to the ink to optimize viscosity and color.
Record the ink viscosity after each addition. Repeat for each color.
8. Optimize the dryer settings, For each interstation dryer and for the main tunnel, record the
air temperature and velocity.
9. When the print and color quality are acceptable, record the time the makeready is complete.
10. Record the meter reading for substrate length printed during the makeready.
11. Record the quantity of substrate waste generated during makeready.
12. Following the test procedure specified in Appendix 4-E, measure and record the print
density after acceptable color and print quality is achieved. If any additions are made to the
ink, repeat the measurement and record the print density.
13. Perform the tape adhesiveness test on all colors. Record the results. If any adhesion
failure occurs, record an estimate of the percentage of ink lifted from the substrate. A detailed
description of the test procedure can be found in Appendix 4-E.
14. Visually inspect the printed image for the following qualities and record a qualitative
assessment of each:
. .. - Trap - Dimensional stability
-Blocking -Mottle
15. Record any other observations or occurrence during the makeready.
C. Demonstration Run
During the print run, information will be collected on any problems encountered and any changes
made to maintain constant print quality.
1. Record the start time of the demonstration run and run for 2 hours. If a problem is
encountered and the 2 hour run can not be completed, any run of 1 hour or longer will be
considered complete with sufficient data for the evaluation of performance, costs and risk.
2. Record (or zero) the meter measuring substrate length printed.
3. Mark the substrate roll to indicate the end of the makeready printing.
4. Mark the roll every 30 minutes for post-run laboratory testing.
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
5. Using a reflection densitometer and following the test procedure specified in Appendix 4-E,
measure the print density at the start of the run for each color. If any additions are made to
the ink, repeat the measurement and record the print density.
6. Measure and record the ink viscosity for each color every 15 minutes. Record the quantity
of any additions made to the ink.
7. Record the press speed.
8. Record the time the run is completed.
9. At the end of the run, record the meter reading for linear feet of substrate used.
10. Record the quantity of substrate waste generated during the demonstration run.
11. Record any other observations or occurrence during the demonstration run. Record any of
the practices of the facility that may have affected the demonstration results (e.g., equipment
malfunction, substrate problem).
12. Visually inspect the printed image for the following qualities and record a qualitative
assessment of each:
- Trap - Dimensional stability
- Blocking - Mottle
13. Wrap and secure the printed roll.
14. For the OPP, which will be reverse printed and used as a laminate, the adhesive and the
second substrate will be applied to approximately 200 feet of film taken from the middle of the
print run. If the demonstration facility has the capability to laminate in-house, the substrate
will be laminated on-site. The lamination equipment procedure, adhesive, and the second
substrate used will be recorded. If the facility does not have lamination capabilities, the
substrate will be sent off-site to a lamination facility. Once the volunteer facilities are
finalized, every effort will be made to standardize the lamination materials and procedures
used.
V. CLEAN-UP
After the print run is complete, record information on the steps taken and products used to clean the
press in preparation for the next print job.
A. Clean-up Methods
Record the procedures used at each facility for clean-up. If the facility is unfamiliar with the clean-up
procedures for the type of ink used in the demonstration, follow manufacturer's recommendations.
1. Record start time for clean-up.
2. Allow the excess ink to drain into an empty container. Squeegee any remaining ink from
the pans into the same container. Weigh the excess ink and record.
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
3. Record the washing procedure for cleaning the ink pumps, ink rolls, ink and other
components.
4. Record the time when cleaning is complete.
5. Record any procedures or occurrences that may influence clean-up time.
B. Clean-Up Chemicals
1. Record the manufacturer's name and the product name for all chemicals used. Make a copy
of the MSDS for each product used during cleanup.
2. Record all clean-up steps where water was used.
3. Record the quantity of each chemical used for clean-up.
4. If clean-up products are reused or recycled, document the technique used and the percentage
of product reclaimed or recycled.
VI. POST-RUN LABORATORY TESTS
After the demonstration run is complete, the roll of printed substrate should be wrapped and shipped
immediately back to WMU. At the WMU laboratory, a series of tests will be performed to assess the
print quality. These tests are listed in the table on the following page. While the tests checked off
under "Makeready" and "Press" will be conducted visually during the demonstration, more
quantitative testing will be conducted for the tests checked off under the "Laboratory" heading. The
testing protocol for each of these can be found in Appendix 4-E.
A. Location of Samples
All tests will be repeated at four different position in the printed roll:
W
X
Begin run
30 min.
Ihour
End run
(2 hours)
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
>• All samples will be collected from each location (W, X, Y, Z).
•• At each location (W, X, Y, Z) either 1 or 5 repeats will be taken, as indicated in the "# of
Samples" column of the table.
>• Test measurements will be conducted at 2 cross web points on each repeat.
>• For the Coat Weight test, 50 images will be pulled and weighed at each of the testing time
locations.
B. Colors to be Sampled
The "Colors" column of the table indicates the colors on which the results for this specified
test will be recorded. "White +1" indicates that test results will be recorded for the white ink
and one other color. In the case of PE/EVA printed substrate, only the results of the one color
test will be recorded since white ink will not be printed on this white substrate, If this column
is Not Applicable, as in the case of Coat Weight, "NA" is noted in the column.
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
C. Laboratory Tests List
1-A
1-B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
TEST METHOD
Adhesion/Flexible Pack.
Adhesive Lamination
(laminate only)
Adhesiveness -Tape
Extrusion Lamination
(laminate only)
Sutherland Rub
(surface print only)
Block Resistance
Color L*a*b*
Density - Print
Image Analysis
(quantitatively - dot
structure)
Opacity (white only)
Gloss (Gardner 60°)
(not for reverse print)
Mottle/Lay (Tobias tester)
Dimensional Stability
Coat Weight (dry
Ibs./ream)
Coefficient of Friction
(not reverse)
Heat Resistance - Heat
Seal (Sentinel - OPP only)
Ice Water Crinkle
Resistance (PE & PE/EVA)
Odor
Surface Tension - Film
(dynes)
Solvent Retention (MS)
UV- Uncured Residue
Trap
Initial
Lab Test
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dry
Run
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Make-
ready
X
X
X
X
X
X
Press
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Lab
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
#of
Samples
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
50
5
5
5
5
1
5
5
1
Colors
white+1
NA
white+1
NA
white+1
white+1
all
all
all
white
all
all
ail
NA
NA
white+1
white+1
NA
NA
all
all
cyan+
magenta
NA= Not Applicable
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION METHODOLOGY
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Appendix 4-B (Performance Chapter)
Facility Background Questionnaire
BACKGROUND
Approximate total sales:
Percent of sales from
flexographic-printed products:
Total flexographic output of facility
(by weight, surface area, or linear feet):
- ' ;
Type of product
Flexible packaging
Commercial printing
Corrugated containers
Tags and labels
Percent of total sales
%
"• %
%
%
Type of product
Folding cartons
Gift wraps and papers
Newspapers
Other:
Percent of total sales
%
%
%
%
Type of ink
Solvent-based
Water-based
UV-curable
Percent of total product
sales
%
%
%
Type of substrate
Film:
Film:
Film:
Other:
Percent of total product
sales
%
%
%
%
Production hours:
Daily
Average
Average
length
length
of time
of time
Annually
of job run
of makeready
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-B
FACILITY BACKGROUND QUESTIONNAIRE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
Ink disposal/treatment method (please describe):
Annual ink waste treatment and disposal costs:
Substrate recycling (please describe):
Annual costs or savings for substrate recycling:
Solid/hazardous waste treatment and disposal (please describe):
Annual costs for solid/hazardous waste treatment and disposal:
COSTS
Bulbs for drying lamps, annual cost and annual quantity used:
Doctor blades, annual cost and annual quantity used:
Ink cleaning equipment price and year of purchase:
Ink cleaning supplies, annual cost:
Explosion protection measures cost:
Ventilation/air filtering equipment price and year of purchase:
Annual cost for filters, etc.:
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APPENDIX 4-B
FACILITY BACKGROUND QUESTIONNAIRE
CLEANING PROCEDURE
What is the cleaning procedure for removing ink after a run?
How are used rags handled (industrial laundry or disposal):
What employee protective gear is used when cleaning (circle all that apply):
eye shields gloves apron respirator
Is the total volume of cleaning solution captured?
If yes, how is the captured solution disposed of?
Is the total volume of cleaning solution reused?
If yes, how often is the solution reused?
Is it processed in any way prior to reuse?
Is the used cleaning solution discharged directly to the sewer?
Is it pretreated?
PROCESS HISTORY
If you are using water-based or UV ink to print on film substrates, when did you switch from solvent-
based inks?
' Why did you switch?
What changes were required to the equipment, the substrate, or your work practices to make this ink
work?
What costs or savings are associated with the switch?
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APPENDIX 4-B
FACILITY BACKGROUND QUESTIONNAIRE
This page is intentionally blank.
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Appendix 4-C (Performance Chapter)
Performance Demonstration Data Collection Form
I. Press Configuration
A. The press
Press manufacturer
Age of press
Press type (circle)
CI ax-line stack
Model
Typical production speed
Maximum web width
fia)
B. Print units
Number of print units
Distance between color stations
Drum diameter
C. Anilox
Print unit
Surface Type
Volume (BCM)
Screen count (LPI)
Diameter
Condition
'
-
D. Ink metering system
Doctor blade
Describe:
E. Ink pumping and mixing system
Type
Description
Manufacturer
*
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
F. Corona treater
Manufacturer
Maximum power output
- Model
ft -. <-
G. UVlamp(s)
Start time for lamp warm-up
Stop time for lamp warm-up
Energy consumption for UV lamp during warm-up
.
H. Dimensions of...
... Dryers (sketch)
Interstation
Main
I. Blowers
or
. . . UV lamps
Interstation
Main
- -
Total number
Rated output
Location and size
(sketch)
J. Chillers
Total number
Location and size
(sketch)
i4^SS^):^SMWS^S^S0^&
K. VOC treatment
Type
Efficiency
Observations:
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
H. Set-Up (Pre-Makeready)
A. Substrate: (circle one) PE PE/EVA OPP
Roll ID
number
Manufacturer
Name
Date of
manufacture
B. Ink: (circle one) Water UV Solvent
Ink manufacturer
Ink manufa
on-site
icturer
Record the ink components on the Ink Set-up Sheet (Pre-Makeready)
C. Plate
Material
Gauge
Manufacturer
Plate-mounting
method
D. Observations:
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APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
HI. Makeready
A. Substrate
Corona treatment specs
Power = kyy
Current = A
Voltage =
" V
Frequency =
kHz
Surface Tension (dynes):
Across Web
Left
Right
Before corona treatment
Reading 1
Reading 2
After corona treatment
Reading 1
Reading 2
- -
B. Record the ink compositions and adjustments on the Ink Setup Sheet (Makeready).
C. Start
Start time
Start footage (counter)
T
".
D. Printing speed
Optimal printing speed obtained
E. Stop
Stop time
Stop footage (counter)
F. Record the results of the ink densities on the Density Sheet (Makeready).
G. Record the results of the tape-adhesiveness test on the Tape-Adhesiveness Test Sheet.
H. Record the results of the visual tests (mottle/lay, trap, dimensional stability, blocking) on the
Visual Quality Test Sheet.
I. Observations:
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
IV. Running Parameters
A. Start '
Start time
Start footage (counter)
B. At the beginning of the run, record the ink densities on the Density Sheet.
C. Record the ink viscosity on the Running Viscosity Sheet every 15 minutes during the run.
Observations:
D. Press speed
Press speed obtained
Observations:
E. Dryers
Temperature:
Velocity:
Area:
Balance:
CI dryer #1
CI dryer #2
CI dryer #3
CI dryer #4
Main dryer
Describe the number and type of adjacent presses. Note which were hi operation during the
?erformance demonstration and record the type of ink they were running:
F. Energy consumption
Measure and record energy consumption during the demonstration run
Printing press
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
Ink pumps
Corona treater
Interstation UV lamp
Final UV lamp
Interstation dryer
Final dryer
Blowers
Chillers
VOC incinerators/
recovery units
* , **"$'' / sA, ! t*.
"?,,•••. ' $ J , '
~",,,S „,«••«" -#fc;
f f t-ff f-fffs S f*'ffi'" '•
' \ ' " '
f •* ^ % ffff f ''
fs s
T. VV. % V •«
•*•>*• "*• *" * -f,*\VHMfS *• fff ff
G. Ambient Conditions
H. Stop
Temperature
°F
Humidity %
Stop time
Stop footage (counter)
.. * SA¥ff f f
I. Record the results of the ink densities on the Density Sheet.
J. Record the results of the tape-adhesiveness test on the Tape-Adhesiveness Test Sheet.
K. Record the results of the visual tests (mottle/lay, trap, dimensional stability, blocking) on the
Visual Quality Test Sheet.
L. Waste substrate
Quantity generated during the 2-
hr run (estimate)
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
V. Clean-Up
A. Start time
Start time
B. Cleaning chemical
C. Clean-up procedure
Product name
L
2.
3.
Manufacturer
'
Type
•
D. Stop time
Stop time
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
Ink Set-Up Sheet: REFLEX BLUE
Ink: (circle) \ Water | UV | Solvent | - | PE | PE/EVA | OPP | | Print Unit
Pre-Makeready and Makeready
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other additive:
(IbsX
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
- (Ibs)
(ibs)
Manufacturer's
number
•- —
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
-
^ .
1 TJ!"
During Run
Record when added.
Ink
Water
rt j
Extender
Solvent
Other
additive:
(Ibs)
0bs)
/•'":;V:':': '';. ' • ,;''-'!' ••- V:-1 •'', •'•''•• •• ' : ' ''. : ' ••''•':' '!;'' ''.' ' ' "•' '•'
:'.v •:•:;:•:•: :•:•:•:•;•:•: :•• : .- •" .;:••- .-•:•: ••-.•• .:.-.-.v.;.;.;.v. .- ..- ;•..;;.• -.-,••/ •>'• . '. •-• •-- ;.
,:,.,,....,:;:•...;..,; ^;.,...;. .:.;..:;,.-.. ..••-,,,. ...-,.• .... -y,--.- , .,. - ...
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
Ink Set-Up Sheet: CYAN
Ink: (circle) \ Water | UV | Solvent | - | PE | PE/EVA | OPP |
Print Unit
Pre-Makeready and Makeready
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other additive:
' «
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
. (Ibs)
(Ibs)
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
During Run
Record when added.
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
additive:
Obs)
#bs)
(Ibs)
«
(Ibs)
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
Clean-Up
Ink remaining in bucket
Cleaning solutions
added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and cleaning
solution removed
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(lb$)
-------
APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
Ink Set-Up Sheet: GREEN
Ink: (circle) \ Water | UV | Solvent | - | PE | PE/EVA | OPP |
Print Unit
Pre-Makeready and Makeready
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other additive:
'(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
Manufacturer's
number
:
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
—
During Run Record when added...
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
additive:
O&Q
«
Obs)
Ote»
> (n»).
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
~i: _
Clean-Up
Ink remaining in bucket
Cleaning solutions
added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and cleaning
solution removed
«
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
Comments:
Type
Type
Manufacturer #
(attach MSDS)
Manufacturer #
(attach MSDS)
Comments:
Dry
rag
weight
(Ibs):
Rag weight
after cleaning
' (ibs)
Comments:
Calculate Total Ink Used
Calculate Ink Used
0bs)
For how many substrates?
-- -
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-C, page 10
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
Ink Set-Up Sheet: MAGENTA
Ink: (circle) \ Water | UV | Solvent | - | PE | PE/EVA | OPP |
Pre-Makeready and Makeready
Print Unit
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other additive:
(Ibs) !
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
Manufacturer' s
number
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
During Run Record when added...
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
additive: .
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
0t»)
(Ibs)
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
-
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
Clean-Up
Ink remaining in bucket
Cleaning solutions
added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and cleaning
solution removed
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
Comments:
Type
Type
Manufacturer #
(attach MSDS)
Manufacturer #
(attach MSDS)
Comments:
Dry
rag
weight
(Ibs)
Rag weight
after cleaning
(Ibs)
Comments:
Calculate Total Ink Used
Calculate Ink Used
(Ibs)
For how many substrates?
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-C, page 11
September 2000
-------
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-------
APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
Tape-Adhesiveness Test Sheet
Record after makeready and after print run.
Substrate: (circle one) PE PE/EVA OPP
End of makeready
White Pull
1
2
Green Pull 1
2
Blue
Pull 1
2
Magenta Pull
1
2
Cyan Pull
1
2
Pass
Fail
Comment
-
'
,
s
'
-'
'
End of run
White Pull
1
2
Green
Pull 1
2
Blue
Pull 1
2
Magenta Pull
1
2
Cyan Pull
1
2
Pass
Fail
Comment
'
...
'
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-C, page 13
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
Visual Quality Test Sheet
Record at end of makeready and end of print run.
Makeready
A. Mottle/Lay - visual quality: '
B. Trap:_
C. Dimensional Stability:_
D. Blocking:_
End of Run
A. Mottle/Lay:_
B. Trap:_
C. Dimensional Stability:_
D. Blocking:_
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-C, page 14
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
Density Sheet
Record at the end of the makeready and end of the print run.
End of Makeready:
Density 1
Density 2
Density 3
Density 4
Density 5
Average
Density
Standard
Deviation
Green
<
Blue
Magenta
-
Cyan
End of run:
Density 1
Density 2
Density 3
Density 4
Density 5
Average
Density
Standard
Deviation
Green
Blue
-
Magenta
*"
i
Cyan
Observations:
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-C, page 15
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
Running Viscosity Sheet
Record every 15 minutes during the press run.
Ink: (circle) \ Water | UV | Solvent | - | PE | PE/EVA | OPP
REFLEX BLUE
Time
Viscosity
Start
15 min.
30
min.
45
min.
.
1 hour
Ihr.
15
Ihr.
30
1 hr.
45
-
2 hrs.
CYAN
Time
Viscosity
Start
15 min.
30 min.
45 min.
-
1 hour
1 hr. 15
1 hr. 30
1 hr. 45
2 hrs.
GREEN
Time
Viscosity
Start
15 min.
30 min.
45 min.
1 hour
Ihr. 15
1 hr. 30
1 hr. 45
2 hrs.
MAGENTA
Time
Viscosity
Start
15 min.
30 min.
45 min.
1 hour
Ihr. 15
Ihr. 30
1 hr. 45
2 hrs.
WHITE
Time
Viscosity
Start
15 min.
30 min.
45 min.
1 hour
Ihr. 15
„-
Ihr. 30
Ihr. 45
2 hrs.
-
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-C, page 16
September 2000
-------
Appendix 4-D (Performance Chapter)
Test Image Design
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-D, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-D
TEST IMAGE DESIGN
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-D, page 2
September 2000
-------
Appendix 4-E (Performance Chapter)
Laboratory Test Procedures and Performance Data
Adhesive Lamination
Purpose
The purpose of this test is to measure the bond strength of the adhesive layer of the
lamination to the ink. The adhesive lamination test is based on methods developed by
Quality Assurance at Sun Chemical Corporation.
Equipment
Force measurement instrument
#6 Meyer bar
Oven
Adhesive (Morton's Lamal HSA or Adcote 333)
Procedure
1. Make a print of ink to be tested on designated stock using a #6 Meyer bar.
2. Dry print in oven at 180°F for 30 seconds.
3. Apply a second down of adhesive (Morton's Lamal HSA or Adcote 333) using a #6
bar.
4. Dry the adhesive at 120°F for 30 seconds.
5. Place the stock to which the ink is to be laminated in contact with the printed
sample. Use a flexographic hand proofer to apply pressure to the lamination and to
remove any trapped air.
6. Place the sample in a 180°F oven for 45 seconds to cure the adhesive.
7. Let sample age for a minimum of 24 hours before testing.
8. Cut a one-inch test strip from the laminated sample and use the force measurement
instrument to determine the force (in kilograms) which is necessary to separate the two
pieces of stock.
Results
Delamination tests were done in the machine direction of the laminated film. The
delamination force was the average of five measurements. Samples were cut from one
location during the run as indicated by the following symbol:
x = thirty minutes into run
Results appear in Chapter 4.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Block Resistance
Purpose
The purpose of the block resistance test is to check the bond of the ink to the substrate
when heat and pressure are applied. The block resistance test is based on methods
developed by Quality Assurance at Sun Chemical Corporation.
Equipment
I.C. Block Tester
Calibrated compression springs
Oven
Humidity-controlled environment (if not available, conditions should be reported)
Procedure
1. The adhesion of the ink is tested two ways: "face to face" (printed side to printed
side) and "face to back" (printed side to unprinted side). "Back to back" (unprinted
substrate on unprinted substrate) should be tested as the control.
Only surface printed samples are tested "face to face." The original protocol stated,
"The test should be conducted at 5 pounds per square inch (psi) for 16 hours at 80%
relative humidity. These humidity conditions must be met in order to properly
interpret the results." However, the actual tests were conducted at 100 psi for 8 hours
at 43% humidity in a 120°F oven.
Surface and lamination printed samples are tested "face to back." The original
protocol stated, "The standard test should be conducted at 50 psi for 16 hours at 80%
relative humidity. If 80% relative humidity cannot be met, use 125 psi at 120°F at
ambient humidity." However, the actual tests were conducted at 100 psi for 8 hours at
43% humidity in a 120°F oven.
2. Test prints should be two inches wide by six inches long. The minimum size is
two inches wide by two inches long.
3. Place test prints (face-to-face, face-to-back, or back-to-back) on the base of the
block tester immediately after printing and drying.
4. Insert the centering place without disturbing the position of the test prints.
5. Select a calibrated compression spring, depending on the pressure required.
6. Place the spring (bottom hi centering plate opening) into the assembly and tighten
to the desired pressure (indicator and scale attached to spring).
7. Place the block tester hi an environment with the specified humidity.
8. Remove the print and separate it carefully to observe the tendency to block.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
9. When the test print is on vinyl or highly plasticized film, check the block test after
the recommended period of time, then place it back in the test chamber and check it
again after several days. Blocking may occur after a prolonged period of time due to
plasticizer migration.
Results
The OPP substrate from sites 1, 4, 9, and 10 was tested in the in the pre-laminated
state, to simulate rewind conditions that it would be subjected to prior to converting.
The results are reported on a scale from 0 to 5 as described in Table 4-E.l.
Table 4-E.1 Description of Block Resistance Results
Score
0
1
2
3
4
5
Block
Resistance
Result
No blocking
Slight cling
Cling
Slight
blocking
Considerable
blocking
Complete
blocking
Description
No adhesion or cohesion between contiguous surfaces, which
slide or peel freely upon one another. Surfaces of specimens
are not marred.
A slight "ticking" can be heard as the samples are carefully
peeled apart, but there is no visible marring of the surface.
There is a noticeable adhesion between adjacent surfaces or a
visual marring of the surfaces but no distortion of webs or
offset of printing inks, lacquers, or other coatings.
Slight adhesion, adjacent surfaces do not slide or peel freely,
but do with frictional pressure. Surface of specimen may.show
very slight evidence of web distortion or marring of the coating
or transfer of ink or coating to the immediate contact surface
of next specimen.
Adhesion or cohesion of contiguous surfaces. Layers may be
separated with difficulty. Surfaces will be distorted, marred, or
partially destroyed showing ink, lacquer, or coating transfer to
the immediate contact surface of next specimen. Paper based
materials will show loss of fiber. Synthetics may or may not
display surface mar.
Blocking to the extent of a complete seal or weld between
adjacent surfaces which cannot be separated without
destructing the specimen.
For the testing of the samples printed at the performance demonstration facilities and at
Western Michigan University, samples were cut from two locations during the run
length as indicated by location identification symbols as follows:
w = beginning of run
z = end of run
Table 4-E.2 shows the block resistance of samples from each site. When a site number
begins with an "L," the data were taken from a laboratory run conducted at Western
Michigan University, not from a volunteer printing facility.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.2 Block Resistance For Performance Demonstration Sites and
Laboratory Runs
Ink
System
Solvent-
based
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
OPP
Product
Line
#S2
#S2
#S1
#S2
Site
5
7
L5d
,5
7
L7
9B
10
L4
Location
of
Sample3
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
F-F/
F-Bb
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
Result0
slight blocking
slight blocking
slight cling
slight cling
considerable
blocking on blue
considerable
blocking on blue
slight blocking
considerable
blocking on blue
slight blocking
slight cling
slight blocking
slight blocking
slight cling
considerable
blocking
slight cling
slight blocking on
green
slight blocking
considerable
blocking on blue
slight blocking
considerable
blocking
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
considerable
blocking on blue
slight blocking
slight cling
slight cling
slight blocking
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
Score0
3
3
1
1
4
4
3
4
3
1
3
3
1
4
1
3
3
4
3
4
1
1
1
4
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 4
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Ink
System
UV
uv
no slip)
Water-
based
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
LDPE
PE/EVA
Product
Line
#U2
#U2
#U3
#U1
#W3
#W3
Site
6
6
8
11
2
3
L1
2
3
L6
Location
of
Sample3
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
w
z
w
z
w
z
F-F/
F-Bb
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
Result0
slight cling
considerable
blocking
slight cling
considerable
blocking
slight cling
considerable
blocking
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight blocking on
green
slight blocking
slight blocking
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight blocking on
blue
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight cling
slight blocking
slight cling
slight blocking
Score0
1
4
1
4
1
4
•1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 5,
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Ink
System
Water-
based
Film
OPP
OPP
Product
Line
#W1
#W2
#W4
Site
4
1
L3
9A
L2
Location
of
Sample3
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
F-F/
F-Bb
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
F-F
F-B
Result0
considerable
blocking
considerable
blocking
considerable
blocking
considerable
blocking
considerable
blocking
slight blocking
considerable
blocking
slight cling
slight blocking
slight blocking
slight blocking
slight cling
considerable
blocking
slight cling
considerable
blocking
slight cling
slight blocking
slight cling
slight blocking
slight cling
Score0
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
1
3
3
3
1
4
1
4
1
3
1
3
1
"Samples were taken at two locations from the printed sample:
w = beginning of run
z = end of run
""Samples were tested in two ways:
F-F = face to face (printed substrate to printed substrate)
F-B = face to back (printed substrate to unprinted substrate)
The score is a number corresponding to the test result based on the following scale:
no blocking = 0
slight cling = 1
cling = 2
slight blocking = 3
considerable blocking = 4
complete blocking = 5
d"L" indicates data from a laboratory run.
See Table 4-E.1 for a complete description.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 6
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
CIE L*a*b*
Purpose
The purpose of the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) L*a*b* test is to
measure the reflected light and calculate a numerical value for the light/darkness, hue,
and chroma of a printed color. The CIE L*a*b* test is based on methods developed
by Western Michigan University.
Equipment
Spectrophotometer/colorimeter (Datacolor Spectraflash 600)
Procedure
1. Measure the CIE L*a*b* values using the Datacolor Spectraflash 600. Operate the
colorimeter in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.
2. Measurements will be performed using the Small Area View (SAV) port, so
calibrations should also be made to this port size. Following the instructions on the
computer screen, calibrate to the black cavity holding it over the port. Then attach the
white standard 529 to the arm and calibrate according to the instructions.
3. Measure the samples using the SAV port size. Two samples are to be taken from
four locations of the run. All three substrates will be tested (LDPE, PE/EVA, and
OPP). Generally, select the mode for CIE L*a*b* and place the sample area at port.
Follow the instructions on the screen to proceed with the testing.
4. Take readings of solid ink densities at several areas of the specimen surface to
obtain an indication of uniformity.
5. Measure each sample on both sides of the sheet for each color. The instrument will
automatically take five measurements and report the average as one value.
Results
CIE L*a*b* values were measured in the laboratory with samples collected from each
site. Samples were cut from four locations during the run length as indicated by the
following symbols:
w = beginning of run
x = 30 minutes into run
y = 60 minutes into run
z = end of run
Table 4-E.3 shows the CIE L*a*b* measurements for these samples. When a site
number begins with an "L," the data were taken from a laboratory run conducted at
Western Michigan University, not from a volunteer printing facility.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 7
September 2000
-------
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APPENDIX 4-C
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION DATA COLLECTION FORM
Ink Set-Up Sheet: WHITE
Ink: (circle) \ Water | UV | Solvent | - | PE | PE/EVA | OPP |
Print Unit
Pre-Makeready and Makeready
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other additive:
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
^(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
Manufacturer's
number
-
During Run
Record when added.
Ink
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Extender
Solvent
Other
additive:
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
. (Ibs)
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
Manufacturer's #
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
# impressions
Clean-Up
Ink remaining in bucket
Cleaning solutions
added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and cleaning
solution removed
0bs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
(Ibs)
Comments:
Type
Type
Manufacturer #
(attach MSDS)
Manufacturer #
(attach MSDS)
Comments:
Dry
rag
weight
(Ibs)
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APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Coating Weight
Purpose
The purpose of this test was to evaluate the coating weight of the printed substrate.
Coating weight is the weight of the ink film layer coverage on a substrate. The coating
we>ght test was based on methods developed by Western Michigan University.
Equipment
Conventional laboratory oven
Scale (accurate to 0.001 ounces)
Procedure
1. Scan each color separation to determine the percent of ink coverage per square
centimeter of one printed repeat (16" x 20").
2. Determine the total area of printed substrate (in square centimeters).
3. Take 50 samples from the middle of the run (30 minutes into the run).
4. Cut 25 samples of the solid 100% ink coverage test blocks for each color printed.
Measure and record the area of the ink blocks in square centimeters.
5. Cut equal areas of imprinted film (matching the areas to those cut out in step 4
above).
6. Dry the solvent-based and water-based ink samples in the oven at 150° F for one
hour to remove any remaining solvents. The UV ink samples do not need to be dried
in the oven.
7. For each color, weigh the two groups of 25 samples (printed and unprinted)
separately. Divide the total weights of each group by 25 to determine the weight of
the ink per area for each signature. Using the weight per square centimeter, calculate
the total dry ink coat weight for the total linear footage for the press run.
Results
Samples were cut from a standard location during the run length as indicated by the
following symbol:
x = 30 minutes into run
Only one location was needed for testing, since there was no significant difference
between the various locations (e.g., the beginning, middle, and end of the run). The
solid 100% ink coverage blocks that served as test samples were printed with green,
blue, and white inks. Table 4-E.4 shows the coating weights for these ink colors at
different sites. When a site number begins with an "L," the data were taken from a
laboratory run conducted at Western Michigan University, not from a volunteer
printing facility.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 16
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.4 Coating Weight Results for Performance
Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs
Ink System
Solvent-
based
UV
UV (no slip)
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
OPP
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
Product
Line
#S2
#S2
#S1
#S2
#U2
#U2
#U3
#U1
Site
5
7
L5*
5
L7
9B
10
L4
6
6
8
11
Color
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
green
white
blue
green
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
green
white
blue
green
white
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
white
Weight Per Area
(1 x 10"4 g/cm2)
1.88
2.99
2.33
1.65
0.97
2.08
4.33
6.68
1.22
. 1.39
4.33
1.33
0.94
2.75
1.15
1.47 .
1.73
1.05
1.79
1.92
2.77
3.51
4.50
3.00
1.64
1.20
1.94
2.98
3.71
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 17
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.4 Coating Weight Results for Performance
Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink System
Water-based
Water-based
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
OPP
Product
Line
#W3
#W3
#W1
#W2
#W4
Site
2
3
L1
2
3
L6
4
1
L3
9A
L2
Color
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
green
white
blue
green
blue
green
green
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
green
white
blue
green
white
green
white
Weight Per Area
dxlO^cs/cm2)
1.79
1.58
2.39
1.43
1.20
2.32
2.14
2.42
1.80
1.77
2.23
1.52
4.71
1.59
2.05
3.90
1.70
2.04
3.58
1.03
1.35
0.87
0.83
2.31
0.88
1.21
* "L" indicates data from a laboratory run.
Coefficient of Friction
Purpose
The purpose of the coefficient of friction (COF) test is to determine the resistance to
slide of a printed sample. The COF of printed ink on film is important when
converting the printed rolls and meeting the requirements of the end product. This test
is based on methods developed by Quality Assurance at Sun Chemical Corporation.
Equipment
Friction/Peel Tester Thwing Albert
Sled (standard weight block — 200 grams)
Procedure
1. Press the COF button on the display unit to select the friction test.
2. Press the sled button repeatedly until the sled weight at display matches the weight
of the sled used.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 18
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
3. Press the time button repeatedly until the desired duration of time is displayed (20
seconds).
4. Press the zero load switch to provide zero reading.
5. Use the test, stop, and return switches to position the load cell at the starting point
for the test. Loosen the Left Limit Switch Actuator and slide it next to the load cell to
set the left-hand limit motion.
6. Press the return switch to place the load cell at the starting point.
7. Secure one strip of material to the test sled (face up).
8. Secure a second piece of material (face up) to the top plate of the lower chassis.
9. Attach the sled to the load cell and align it in the direction of travel.
10. Initiate the test by depressing the test switch. When a test is completed, the test
results are displayed.
11. Record the static COP. Repeat the measurement five times.
12. Calculate the average COF measurements and use the standard Tappi T548 pm-90
test procedure to covert COF to angle of inclination.
Results
COF was measured in the laboratory using an Instron Tensile tester equipped with a
friction sled. Sites 1, 4, 9, and 10 were not tested because the OPP substrate printed at
these sites were laminated to another substrate. The COF was measured from samples
taken from only one location (at the beginning of the run), as the COF was not
expected to differ throughout the length of the run or across the web. The COF values
were converted to angle of inclination.
Table 4-E. 5 presents the data from all of the performance demonstration sites and
laboratory runs. When a site number begins with an "L," the data were taken from a
run conducted at Western Michigan University, not from a volunteer printing facility.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 19
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.5 Coefficient of Friction Results for
Performance Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs
Ink
System
Solvent-
based
Solvent-
based
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
PE/EVA
Product
Line
#S2
#S2
#S2
Site
5
7
L5C
5
7
17
Condition9
blue/clear
blue/blue
green/clear
green/green
control
blue/clear
blue/blue
green/clear
green/green
control
green/clear
green/green
control
blue/clear
blue/blue
green/clear
green/green
control
blue/clear
blue/blue
green/clear
green/green
control
green/clear
green/green
control
Average Angle of
Inclination
(degrees)
26.6
33.0
30.1
40.0
22.3
24.2
35.0
26.1
35.8
23.3
20.8
30.6 ,
23.3
19.8
32.2
31.4
44.2
16.7
19.6 ,
19.2
27.4 '
25.2
16.7
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
, page 20
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.5 Coefficient of Friction Results for
Performance Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
System
UV
uv
(no slip)
Water-
based
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
LDPE
Product
Line
#U2
#U2
#U3
#U1
#W3
Site
6
6
8
11
2
3
L1
Condition8
blue/clear
blue/blue
green/clear
qreen/green
control
blue/clear
blue/blue
green/clear
green/green
control
blue/clear
blue/blue
qreen/clear
green/green
control
blue/clear
blue/blue
green/clear
green/green
control
blue/clear
blue/blue
green/clear
green/green
control
blue/clear
blue/blue
qreen/clear
green/green
control
green/clear
green/green
control
Average Ang le of
Inclination
(degrees)
30.1
50.5
32.2
57.2
23.3
20.8 ,
21.8 "
20.8
20.8
16.7
24.2
24.2
27.6
25.2
16.7
44.2
60+b
29.6
60+b
45.0 .
29.2
32.2
26.1
33.8
23.2
22.3
31.4
23.3
27.4
23.3
34.2
34.2
23.3
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 21
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.5 Coefficient of Friction Results for
Performance Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
System
Water-
based
Film
PE/EVA
Product
Line
#W3
Site
2
3
L6
Condition3
blue/clear
blue/blue
green/clear
green/green
control
blue/clear
blue/blue
green/clear
green/green
control
green/clear
green/green
control
Average Angle of
Inclination
(degrees)
27.4
'40.0
22.3
25.2
16.7
23.3
30.6
19.8
35.0
17.2
26.6
40.0
-'••' 16.7
8 Samples were tested under five different conditions:
blue/clear = printed substrate (blue ink) against unprinted substrate
blue/blue = printed substrate (blue ink) against printed substrate (blue ink)
green/clear = printed substrate (green ink) against unprinted substrate
green/green = printed substrate (green ink) against printed substrate (green ink)
control = unprinted substrate against unprinted substrate
"The angle of inclination was higher than 60 degrees.
C"L" indicates data from a laboratory run.
Density
Purpose
The purpose of the density test is to evaluate the degree of darkness (light-absorption)
of a printed solid. The density test is based on methods developed by Western
Michigan University.
Equipment
X-Rite 418 reflection densitometer
Procedure
1. Calibrate the densitometer. For all color references, follow calibration instructions
obtained by pressing the function key and color key together. Using instructions on
the instrument, set low (white standard) and high values (black standard) for each
color, then read individual color patches as determined by the instrument. Verify
calibration values for each standard patch and make adjustments as necessary.
2. Take two samples of each substrate (LDPE, PE/EVA, and OPP) from four
locations on the press run.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 22
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
3. The DEN function of the densitometer is used to take measurements. Take
readings at 10 locations of the sample for each of the 5 colors in solid ink density
areas.
Results
Density was measured in the laboratory with samples collected from each site. Five
samples were cut from each of four locations during the run length as indicated by the
following symbols:
w = beginning of run
x = 30 minutes into run
y = 60 minutes into run
z = end of run
Density measurements were taken for areas of the test images printed with magenta,
cyan, green, and blue. Table 4-E.6 shows the results of the density measurements.
The amounts listed in the "Density" column are the averages of five measurements
taken at each location. The table also presents the standard deviation of these five
measurements. When a site number begins with an "L," the data were taken from a
laboratory run conducted at Western Michigan University, not from a volunteer
printing facility.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 23
September 2000
-------
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APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Dimensional Stability
Purpose
The purpose of the dimensional stability test is to measure how the substrate responds
structurally during printing. The dimensional stability test is based on methods
developed by Western Michigan University.
Equipment
Accurate 10 inch x 10 inch template for cutting sample sheets
Steel measuring scale graduated in divisions of 0.01 inches and at least 12 inches in
height
Controlled temperature and humidity in a room or convection oven
Procedure
1. Using the 10 inch x 10 inch template, cut three samples from the test web: one
from each edge and one from the center. On very wide webs, more than three
locations may be advisable.
2. Mark each sample with the location and directional information before cutting it
from the original web or sheet to avoid any possibility of error in subsequent
identification.
3. The standard test reference is A.S.T.M. designation D-1204.
4. Record the results in thousandths of an inch (0.001 inch) per the standard test
reference.
Results
Dimensional stability for width and length was measured on samples cut from four
locations during the run length as indicated by the following symbols:
w
X
y
z
beginning of run
30 minutes into run
60 minutes into run
end of run
Green and blue printed samples were tested for dimensional stability. Samples from
the left and right sides of the web were tested for each color also. Table 4-E.7
presents the complete data from each of the performance demonstration sites.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 31
September 2000
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-------
APPENDIX 4-E
.ABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Gloss
Purpose
The purpose of the gloss test is to evaluate the light that is reflected off the ink surface
when a light is shined at that surface from an angle. The gloss test is based on
methods developed by Western Michigan University.
Equipment
Gardner Micrometer (60° angle)
Procedure
1. Light energy is applied to a surface through a special aperture and reflected back
through a photocell. The reflected light is converted into electrical energy to drive a
meter reading from 0 to 100 (the greater the reflective light, the greater the meter
reading). For this experiment, the Gardner Micrometer will be used.
2. Follow the manufacturer's recommended procedure for calibration to the standard
tiles. Clean the tile standards before calibration to increase accuracy. Place the
glossmeter port over the center of the black tile (note that the direction of the arrows
should align). Verify trie instrument while holding the meter in position and adjusting
the control knob to the indicated number on the black standard. Do the same with the
white tile using the white standard calibration number.
3. Take measurements of five samples from four locations of the run. The selected
area for the readings should be consistent in ink coverage or solid ink densities. On
LDPE, the gloss was measured for magenta, cyan, blue, and green over a white ink
background, and also for white, green, and blue on clear film. On PE/EVA, the gloss
was measured for magenta, cyan, blue, and green on white film.
4. Place the glossmeter over the sample area (at least 3 readings on a 3 inch x 6 inch
area) and press the operate button. For each sample there will be 10 readings, 5 each
side across the sheet. Repeat the readings for all five colors.
Results
Gloss was measured in the laboratory with samples collected from each site. Five
readings are taken from each oMour locations on the run, and the average of these
readings is what is recorded for each location. Samples were cut for four locations
during the run length as indicated by the following symbols:
w
X
y
z
beginning of run
30 minutes into run
60 minutes into run
end of run
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 35
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
For LDPE, magenta, cyan, green, and blue samples were tested on a white ink
background; white, green, and blue samples were tested on clear LDPE film.
Magenta, cyan, green, and blue samples were also tested on a white PE/EVA
substrate. Table 4-E. 8 presents the complete data from each of the performance
demonstration sites and laboratory runs. When a site number begins with an "L," the
data were taken from a laboratory run conducted at Western Michigan University, not
from a volunteer printing facility.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 36
September 2000
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-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Heat Resistance/Heat Seal
Purpose
The purpose of this test was to determine the heat resistance of the printed product.
Heat resistance is the degree to which a printed substrate will resist transfer to itself or
to an unprinted surface when heated. The heat resistance/heat seal test is based on
methods developed by Quality Assurance at Sun Chemical Corporation.
Equipment
A Sentinel Heat Sealer was used to measure heat resistance.
Procedure
1. Preheat the jaws of the heat sealer until the desired temperature is obtained.
Record the temperature.
2. Set the desired pressure and dwell time. Record.
3. Sandwich the sample between aluminum foil or paper and place the sample between
the jaws of the heat sealer.
4. Depress the foot pedal to activate machine.
5. When dwell time is completed, remove the samples and allow them to cool.
6. Test the heat seal.
Results
This test was accomplished by checking for ink transfer upon peeling apart the heated
samples. Results are recorded as "pass" (no ink transfer), or "fail" (transfer of ink).
In the case of a failure, the percent of ink transferred is evaluated and recorded.
Samples were tested for both printed substrate to unprinted substrate and printed
substrate to printed substrate.
Heat resistance was measured in the laboratory with samples collected from the four
sites (Sites 1, 4, 9, and 10) which laminated the printed OPP substrate. Samples were
cut from up to four locations during the run as indicated by the following symbols:
w = beginning of run
x = 30 minutes into run
y = 60 minutes into run
z = end of run
The images used in the heat resistance/heat seal tests had areas printed with blue,
green, and white ink. Table 4-E.9 shows the heat resistance test results for each site.
When a site number begins with an "L," the data were taken from a laboratory run
conducted at Western Michigan University, not from a volunteer printing facility.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 40
September 2000
-
-------
APPEND/X4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.9 Heat Resistance/Heat Seal Results for
Performance Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs
Ink System
Solvent-
based
Water-
based
Film
OPP
OPP
Product Line
#S1
#S2
#W1
Site
9B
10
L4d
4
Location
of
Sample*
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
Color
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
blue,
green
white
green
white
green
white
green
white
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
Ink-Unb
Pass/
Fail
P
P
F
F
P
F
P
P
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
F
P
P
F
P
P
F
P
P
F
Ink-Un
Result
10%
10%
10%
20%
40%
40%
30%
30%
40%
40%
30%
40%
40%
10%
10%
10%
20%
Ink-Ink0
Pass/
Fail
F
P
F
F
P
F
P
P
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
P
P
P
P
P
P
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Ink-Ink
Result
10%
10%
10%
10%
20%
50%
50%
50%
40%
40%
30%
40%
40%
30%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
40%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
30%
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 41
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.9 Heat Resistance/Heat Seal Results for
Performance Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink System
Film
Product Line
#W2
#W4
Site
1
L3
9A
L2
Location
of
Sample*
W
X
y
Z
W
X
Z
W
X
Z
W
X
Z
Color
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
green
white
green
white
green
white
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
blue
green
white
green
white
green
white
green
white
Ink-Un"
Pass/
Fail
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
P
F
F
P
F
F
P
F
F
F
F
F
F
Ink-Un
Result
20%
20%
10%
10%
20%
10%
20%
20%
10%
20%
20%
20%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
5%
5%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
30%
30%
10%
10%
lnk-lnk<:
Pass/
Fail
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
P
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
P
F
F
P
F
F
P
F
F
F
F
F
F
Ink-Ink
Result
20%
30%
50%
20%
40%
50%
20%
50%
50%
20%
20%
60%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
20%
20%
20%
20%
40%
40%
aSamples were taken at four locations from the printed sample:
w = beginning of the run
x = 30 minutes into the run
y = 60 minutes into the run
z=*end of the run
""Ink-Un" represents ink transferred from a printed substrate to an unprinted substrate.
"Ink-Ink" represents ink transferred from a printed substrate to a printed substrate.
d"L" indicates data from a laboratory run.
.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 42
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Ice Water Crinkle Adhesion
Purpose
The purpose of the ice water crinkle adhesion test is to evaluate the integrity and
flexibility of the ink on the substrate when exposed to refrigerator and freezer
conditions. This test measures a combination of the ink's adhesive and flexibility
properties. The ice water crinkle adhesion test is based on methods developed by
Quality Assurance at Sun Chemical Corporation.
Equipment
Rollout of ink on appropriate substrate
Four-ounce jar
Ice water
Freezer
Procedure
1. Roll out the standard and batch side by side.
2. Submerge the split roll-out into ice water for thirty minutes.
3. Remove the print.
4. While the print is still wet, firmly grasp the print between the thumb and forefinger
of each hand with about one inch of print between the two thumbs.
5. Bring the hands together and rub in opposite directions fairly rapidly ten times.
One complete cycle consists of both a back and forward motion of the wrists.
6. Inspect the proof for ink removal.
Results
The ice water crinkle adhesion test was measured in the laboratory with samples
collected from each site. Sites 1, 4, 9, and 10 were not tested in the laboratory
because the OPP substrate printed at these sites were laminated to another substrate.
Samples for testing were cut from four locations during the run as indicated by the
following symbols:
w
X
y
z
beginning of run
30 minutes into run
60 minutes into run
end of run
Due to the aborted run using the PE/EVA substrate at Site 7, samples were only taken
from the beginning (w) and the end (z) of the run for testing in the laboratory. Site 8
also had a shorter run for the PE/EVA substrate, so samples were only taken from the
beginning (w), thirty minutes into run (x), and the end of the run (z). The laboratory
runs conducted at Western Michigan were shorter in duration than the demonstration
runs, so samples for testing were only cut from three locations (w, x, and z).
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 43
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E. 10 presents the data from all of the performance demonstration sites and
laboratory runs. When a site number begins with an "L," the data were taken from a
run conducted at Western Michigan University, not from a volunteer printing facility.
Table 4-E.10 Ice Water Crinkle Adhesion Results for Performance Demonstration
Sites and Laboratory Runs
Ink
System
Solvent-
based
UV
UV
(no slip)
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
Product
Line
#S2
#S2
#U2
#U2
#U3
#U1
Site
5
7
L5b
5
7
L7
6
6
8
11
Location
of
Sample3
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
- y
z
w
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y = z
w
X
y
z
Any Ink Removal?
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes, less than 15%
yes, less than 15%
yes, less than 15%
yes, less than 15%
yes; less than 15%
yes, less than 15%
yes, less than 1 5%
yes, less than 15%
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 44
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.10 Ice Water Crinkle Adhesion Results for Performance Demonstration
Sites and Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
System
Water-
based
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
Product
Line
#W3
#W3
Site
2
3
L1
2
3
L6
Location
of
Sample3
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
Any Ink Removal?
no
no
no
no
yes, less than 5%
yes, less than 5%
yes, less than 5%
yes, less than 5%
no
no
no
no
no
no
ho
no
yes, less than 5%
no
no
yes, about 30% of the green ink
and less than 15% of the blue ink
yes, about 30% of the green ink
and less than 15% of the blue ink
yes, about 30% of the green ink
and less than 15% of the blue ink
"Samples were taken at four locations from the printed sample:
w = beginning of the run
x = 30 minutes into the run
y = 60 minutes into the run
z = end of the run
b"L" indicates data from a laboratory run.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 45
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Image Analysis
Purpose
The purpose of the image analysis test is to measure how well the image is formed as
it appears under magnification. The image analysis test is based on methods developed
by Western Michigan University.
Equipment
High resolution optics
RGB digital frame grabber
Computer with Image ProPlus Analysis software
Procedure
1. Using the equipment listed above, quantify the following dot characteristics:
• maximum and minimum dot area
• maximum and minimum perimeter
2. Take readings from five random places of each sample color. A minimum of 50
dots per sample must be measured. Record the average and standard deviation.
Results
Image analysis was measured in the laboratory with samples collected from each site.
Samples were cut from four locations during the run length as indicated by the
following symbols:
w = beginning of run
x = 30 minutes into run
y = 60 minutes into run
z = end of run
Since the purpose of this test was to evaluate screened dot detail as used in process
color reproduction, only the magenta and cyan process inks were analyzed. Table
4-E. 11 shows the results of the image analysis measurements. The results for dot area
and perimeter are the averages of two scans; each scan measured 50 dots. The
standard deviation is also shown in Table 4-E. 11. When a site number begins with an
"L," the data were taken from a laboratory run conducted at Western Michigan
University, not from a volunteer printing facility.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 46
September 2000
-------
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-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Jar Odor
Purpose
The purpose of this test is to evaluate the type and strength of the odor produced by the
ink film on the substrate. The jar odor test is based on methods developed by Western
Michigan University.
Equipment
Glass jars (eight ounces) with screw caps having foil liners.
Oven
Procedure
1. Clean the jars and dry them in an oven.
2. Collect samples from the interior of the rolls.
3. Place the printed sample in a jar and seal the jar with the screw cap.
4. Place the jar in the oven at 100°F for two hours.
5. Repeat the procedure for a sample of unprinted substrate as the test .control.
6. Open the jar and sniff immediately. Record qualitative assessment of odor.
Results
The jar odor test was measured in the laboratory with samples collected from each site.
Samples for testing were cut from two locations as indicated by the following symbols:
c = unprinted area (control)
x = printed area
Results are presented in Chapter 4.
Mottle/Lay
Purpose
The purpose of this test was to evaluate the mottle of the printed substrate. Mottle is
the non-uniformity in appearance, or variation in density, of an ink film layer. The
mottle/lay test is based on methods developed by, Western Michigan University.
Equipment
The Tobias Associates Model MTI Mottle Tester is used to measure mottle. The MTI
Model is made up of four main component: a probe or measurement head, a rotating
drum that carries the sample, a microprocessor that performs all control and analysis
functions, and a video display monitor. *,
Procedure
1. Calibrate the Mottle Tester before use. Calibrate by placing the calibration
standard on the scanning drum with the "center line" marks aligned with the "scan
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 53
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
start" mark. Follow the instructions through the main menu of computer. There are
two standards for calibration: a white area for setting the ZERO (high reflectivity) and
a black area for setting CAL (gain adjustment). . . •
2. For testing, use samples of all substrates (LDPE, PE/EVA, OPP) with two samples
from each of the front, middle, and end of the runs. Perform testing on all five colors.
Use approximate sample widths of 38 mm (2 inches) with a scannable length of 100
mm (4 niches). This will produce 500 data points, 0.2 mm per point. The scannable
length is the length of the sample that is free from any marks or obstructions. Samples
must be cut from solid (100% coverage) area.
3. Samples should be mounted to the drum with masking tape, making sure that the
tape is out of the scanning area.
4. Set the scan parameters and then select operating functions from the main menu.
Follow the instructions manual for an explanation of menu options.
Results
This test was accomplished by using a Mottle Tester (a device specifically designed for
this test) to measure the difference in reflective density of a printed sample. For this
test, a twelve inch square sample was attached to the Mottle Tester and scanned.
Multiple density measurement points (250 - 500) were collected during twenty linear
scans over the sample area. The result is a Mottle Index which is derived from these
measurement points.
Mottle was measured in the laboratory with samples collected from each site. Samples
were ait from three locations during the run as indicated by the following symbols:
w = beginning of run
x = 30 minutes into run
z = end of run
The test image had areas printed with green and blue which were used to test for
mottle. Table 4-E. 12 shows the Mottle Index and standard deviation for these two ink
colors from each site. When a site number begins with an "L," the data were taken
from a laboratory run conducted at Western Michigan University, not from a volunteer
printing facility.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 54
September 2000
-
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.12 Mottle Index for Performance Demonstration Sites and
Laboratory Runs
Ink
System
Solvent-
based
Solvent-
based
Film
LDPE
LDPE
PE/EVA
Product
Line
#S2
#S2
#S2
Site
5
7
L5b
5
• 7
L7
Location
of
Sample3
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
z
w
X
z
Color
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
green
green
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
green
green
Mottle
Index
59.0
302.5
93.5
286.5
64.5
875.0
45.5
216.5
46.0
311.0
34.5
258.5
219.5
193.0
262.0
71.5
288.5
87.5
276.5
74.0
306.0
89.5
410.0
45.5
349.0
362.5
357.5
349.4
Standard
Deviation
3.5
46.5
17.0
36.0
7.0
535.5
4.0
18.5
6.5
26.0
3.5
28.5
9.0
15.0
62.0
5.5
25.5
28.0
49.0
9.5
30.5
4.0
63.0
3.5
27.0
26.0
31.9
21.7
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 55
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.12 Mottle Index for Performance Demonstration Sites and
Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
System
UV
uv
UV
(no slip)
Film
OPP
LDPE
PE/EVA
PE/EVA
LDPE
Product
Line
#S1
#S2
#U2
#U2
#U3
#U1
Site
9B
10
L4
6
6
8
11
Location
of
Sample3
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
Color
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
green
green
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
Mottle
Index
43.0
257.0
44.5
353.0
43.5
408.5
79.5
380.5
111.5
420.5
97.5
401.5
107.5
137.5
116.5
87.5
320.5
73.0
281.0
58.5
251.5
62.5
312.5
56.5
474.0
57.0
424.5
48.0
379.0
50.5
508.0
53.0
599.5
68.5
629.0
47.0
382.5
51.0
446.0
Standard
Deviation
4.0
20.5
6.0
35.5
5.0
37.5
4.5
27.0
7.5
33.0
7.5
32.0
10.0
13.0
11.0
7.0
24.0
5.5
28.0
3.5
30.5
11.0
57.0
3.0
93.5
4.0
101.5
3.5
29.0
6.0
57.5
6.0
74.0
5.5
106.0
5.0
43.0
5.0
50.0
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 56
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.12 Mottle Index for Performance Demonstration Sites and
Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
System
Water-
based
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
Product
Line
#W3
#W3
Site
2
3
L1
2
3
Location
of
Sample9
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
Color
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
green
green
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
Mottle
Index
122.0
1144.0
114.5
999.0
155.0
763.0
82.0
491.5
87.5
588.5
79.0
605.5
389.0
399.0
379.0
90.0
1324.0
75.0
658.5
107.5
1116.5
87.0
793.5
95.0
966.0
95.5
838.5
Standard
Deviation
7.5
84.5
6.5
50.5
11.0
42.5
9.5
34.0
5.5
50.5
7.5
49.0
27.0
26.0
28.0
5.0
89.5
6.5
74.5
9.0
99.0
5.5
45.5
6.0
57.7
5.5
71.5
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 57
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.12 Mottle Index for Performance Demonstration Sites and
Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
System
Water-
based
Film
PE/EVA
OPP
Product
Line
#W3
#W1
#W2
#W4
Site
L6
4
1
L3
9A
L2
Location
of
Sample3
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
Color
green
green
green
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
green
green
green
blue
green
blue
green
blue
green
green
green
Mottle
Index
227.0
203.0
88.0
206.0
1063.0
193.0
1004.5
116.0
967.5
44.5
219.5
54.5
402.5
50.5
343.0
169.0
131.0
262.0
38.0
174.5
40.5
187.5
36.5
212.5
99.0
128.5
251.5
Standard
Deviation
14.0
12.0
8.0
27.0
98.0
50.0
156.5
8.5
134.5
3.5
48.0
3.0
61.5
4.0
40.5
9.5
19.5
62.0
3.0
17.0
7.5
19.5
3.5
15.5
15.5
10.5
22.0
aSamples were taken at three locations from the printed sample:
w = beginning of the run
x = 30 minutes into the run
z = end of the run
b"L" indicates data from a laboratory run.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 58
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Opacity
Purpose
The purpose of this test is to measure the opacity of an ink film. Opacity is the degree
to which light can pass through an object. It is expressed as the percentage of light
transmitted through both the ink film and substrate. The opacity test is based on
methods developed by Western Michigan University.
Equipment
Datacolor Spectraflash 600
Diano-BLN opacity meter
Procedure
I. Adjust the standard and batch reflectance by magnesium oxide factors, and then
calculate the A/2 degrees Y Tristimulus values.
2. Samples should be measured using the Small Area View (SAV) port size and
calibrated to this size before use. Calibration procedures are noted in the CIE L* a*
b* test method. "
3. Take five samples from four locations of the run for both LDPE and OPP
substrates.
4. Take readings for white color samples only.
5. Select the mode for Opacity from the indexes menu and choose Tappi 425 Opacity.
Follow the instructions on the screen to proceed with testing. Back each sample with a
standard and read 5 times in random places.
Results
Opacity was measured in the laboratory with samples collected from each site.
Samples were cut from four locations during the run length as indicated by the
following symbols:
w
X
y
z
beginning of run
30 minutes into run
60 minutes into run
end of run
Only white printed samples were tested. Table 4-E. 13 shows the opacity
measurements and standard deviations for these samples. When a site number begins
with an "L," the data were taken from a laboratory run conducted at Western
Michigan University, not from a volunteer printing facility.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 59
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.13 Opacity Results for Performance Demonstration Sites
and Laboratory Runs
Ink
System
Solvent-
based
Solvent-
based
UV
UV
(no slip)
Film
LDPE
OPP
OPP
LDPE
LDPE
Product
Line
#S2
#S1
#S2
#U2
#U1
Site
5
7
L5b
9B
10
L4
6
11
Location of
Sample3
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
Average Opacity
(%)
46.66
48.50
47.62
48.28
51.76
51.22
51.40
48.72
55.52
50.40
56.34
50.74
51.44
53.90
.49.24
47.34
47.94
48.24
40.60
38.38
38.62
52.68
52.92
55.36
57.60
55.42
56.90
56.52
56.74
Standard
Deviation
0.27
0.40
0.33
0.53
0.41
0.21
0.43
0.19
4.20
2.02
4.57
0.37
1.93
0.49
0.34
0.26
0.16
0.14
0.76
1.05
0.41
0.85
0.36
0.46
1.13
1.00
0.54
0.50
0.48
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 60
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.13 Opacity Results for Performance Demonstration Sites
and Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
System
Water-
based
Film
LDPE
OPP
Product
Line
#W3 '
#W1
#W2 '
#W4
Site
2
3
L1
4
L2
1
L3
9A
Location of
Sample8
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
,. • -z '
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
z
Average Opacity
(%)
47.34
46.62
46.34
46.62
57.14
54.84
55.00
52.92
43.12
43.06
43.66
51:52
52.86
53.46
52.82
29.10
28.68
27.86
57.52
58.20
56.92
57.22
36.74
37.70
37.84
54.74
54.22
53.98
Standard
Deviation
0.08
0.55
1.15
0.50
0.24
0.38
0.35
0.38
0.95
0.30
0.74
0.34
0.31
1.71
0.33
0.91
0.80
0.81
0.34
0.06
0.29
0.37
0.42
1.64
0.54
0.34
0.30
0.17
aSamples were taken at four locations from the printed sample:
w = beginning of the run
x = 30 minutes into the run
y = 60 minutes into the run-
z = end of the run
b"L" indicates data from a laboratory run.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 61
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Rub Resistance
Purpose
The purpose of the dry and wet rub resistance tests is to check the ink's ability to resist
being rubbed off of its substrate. The dry and wet rub resistance tests were based on
methods developed by Quality "Assurance at Sun Chemical Corporation.
Equipment
Sutherland Ink Rub Tester and attachments.
Scoring device (included with the Rub Tester).
Supply of 80 x 80 count bleached muslin cloth which has been found useful in testing
wet smear, wet rub, and wet bleed.
Procedure
1. Obtain a 6 inch x 3 inch printed sample which is representative of the rub in ink
lay and coverage. When the printed area permits, the 6-inch direction should be cut
across the grain of the sheet, but must not cross wrinkles, scores, creases, or other
imperfections that would distort the results. Unprinted stock from the same run should
be provided in llh. inch x 2 inch sizes (for dry rub) and 5V2 inch x 2 inch sizes (for
wet rub). In both cases, cut the longer dimension across the grain of the flexible
material.
2. For dry rub resistance: Clip a llh. inch x 2 inch test strip (with a solid printed
image 1 inch x \lh. inch centered on the sample) to the 4-pound testing block, with the
printing surface away from the rubber pads. Mount the test specimen securely, print
side up, on the rubber pad of the base plate. Place the weight over the sample, making
sure that one of the 1 inch x 2 inch rubber pads of the test block is over the ink area
being tested, and that both surfaces are free of dirt. Preset the tester for 100 strokes,
or less if a failure occurs, for a particular printed surface. When the rubs have been
completed, examine both the inked surface and the plain surface on the test block for
signs of transfer.
3. For wet rub resistance: Mount the strips in the same manner as for the dry rub
test, using the 2-pound test block. Preset the tester for one rub. Place 2 to 6 drops of
distilled water on the printed surface so that they will be covered by the test block.
Place the block in position and press the "start" button. After one stroke, examine
both surfaces for color transfer. Repeat single strokes until ink failure is noted and
record the number of strokes.
4. Record the appearance of the inked surface and/or (as appropriate) the blotter
surface. Record the percent of ink transferred, the weight of the test block, and the
number of strokes that cause total failure.
Table 4-E. 14 summarizes the different conditions for these tests.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 62
September ,2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.14 Summary of Test Conditions for Dry and Wet Rub Resistance
Test
Dry Rub
Wet Rub
Test
Block
(pounds)
4
2
Size of
Strip
(inches)
2x?%
2x5%
Suggested
Number
of Strokes
100
1 (until
failure} .
Strip
Material
test sheet
test sheet
Contact
Time
Before Rub
0.00
0.00
Results
Dry and wet rub resistance was measured in the laboratory with samples collected
from each site. Sites 1, 4, 9, and 10 were not tested in the laboratory because the OPP
substrate printed at these sites was laminated to another substrate. Samples were cut
from four locations during the run length as indicated by the following symbols:
w
X
y
z
beginning of run
30 minutes into run
60 minutes into run
end of run
Table 4-E. 15 present the results for the dry rub resistance test for the performance
demonstration sites and laboratory runs, and Table 4-E. 16 presents the results for the
wet rub resistance test. When a site number begins with an "L," the data were taken
from a laboratory run conducted at Western Michigan University, not from a volunteer
printing facility.
Table 4-E.15 Dry Rub Resistance Results for Performance
Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs
Ink
System
Solvent-
based
Film
LDPE
Product
Line
#S2
Site
5
7
L5b
Location
of
Sample3
w
X
V
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
Original
Density
(unitless)
2.06
2.06
2.05
2.12
1.81
1.77
1.77
1.76
1.35
0.79
0.91
Density
After 50
Strokes
(unitless)
1.95
1.96
1.95
1.96
1.75
1.65
1.75
1.65
1.28
' 0.78
0.90
Percent
Retained
Density
(%)
94.7
95.1 .
95.1
92.5
96.6
93.2
98.8
93.7
94.8
98.7
98.9
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 63
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.15 Dry Rub Resistance Results for Performance
Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
System
Solvent-
based
UV
UV
(no slip)
Water-
based
Film
PE/EVA
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
LDPE
Product
Line
#S2
#U2
#U2
#U3
#U1
#W3
Site
5
7
L7
6
6
8
11
2
3
.L1
Location
of
Sample3
w
X
y
z
w
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
Original
Density
(unitless)
2.08
2.03
2.08
2.05
1.65
1.64
0.75
0.78
0.82
2.13
2.02
2.00
1.99
1.99
1.97
1.88
1.89
1.13
1.08
1.10
2.18
1.96
2.14
2.20
1.97
1.95
1.98
2.02
2.15
2.16
2.12
2.03
1.03
1.06
1.04
Density
After 50
Strokes
(unitless)
2.00
1.91
1.94
1.96
1.59
1.59
0.71
0.75
0.79
' 1.95
1.88
1.80
1.88
1.89
1.80
1.84
1.84
1.11
1.10
1.07
1.88
1.80
1.86
1.91
1.82
1.80
1.86
1.93
1.94
2.00
1.93
1.89
1.02
1.05
1.04
Percent
Retained
Density
(%)
96.2
94.1
93.3
95.6
96.3
96.9
94.0
96.0
97.0
91.5
93.6
94.5
94.5
95.5
91.4
97.8
97.3
98.2
100.0
97.3
86.2
91.8
86.9
86.8
92.3
92.3
93.9
95.5
90.2
92.6
91.0
93.0
99.0
99.1
100.0
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 64
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.15 Dry Rub Resistance Results for Performance
Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
SvstGrn
Water-
based
Film
PE/EVA
PE/EVA
Product
Line
#W3
#W3
Site
2
3
L6
Location
of
Sample3
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
Original
Density
(unitless)
1.67
2.14
2.08
2.04
1.95
1.88
1.82
1.87
0.93
0.80
0.88
Density
After 50
Strokes
(unitless)
1.63
2.02
1.97
1.89
1.90
1.75
1.75
1.80
0.88
0.79
0.85
Percent
Retained
Density
(%)
97.6
94.4
94.7
92.6
97.4
93.0
96.1
96.2
94.6
98.8
96.6
\
aSamples were taken at four locations from the printed sample:
w '= beginning of the run
x = 30 minutes into the run
y = 60 minutes into the run
z = end of the run
b"L" indicates data from a laboratory run.
Table 4-E.16 Wet Rub Resistance Results for Performance
Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs
Ink
Solvent-
based
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
Product
Line
#S2
#S2
Site
5
7
L5°
5
7
Location
of Sample3
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
z
Strokes"
5
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
no failure at 10 strokes
no failure at 10 strokes
no failure at 10 strokes
3
2
2
2
5
5
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 65
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.16 Wet Rub Resistance Results for Performance
Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs (continued)
System
UV
uv
(no slip)
Water-
based
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
LDPE
Product
Line
#U2
#U2
#U3
#U1
#W3
Site
L7
6
6
8
11
2
3
L1
Location
of Sample3
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
Failure at Number of
Strokes'1
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
3
4
5
5
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
8
8
8
8
no failure at 10 strokes
no failure at 10 strokes
no failure at 10 strokes
no failure at 10 strokes
no failure at 10 strokes
no failure at 10 strokes
no failure at 10 strokes
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 66
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.16 Wet Rub Resistance Results for Performance
Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
System
Film
PE/EVA
Product
Line
#W3
Site
2
3
L6
Location
of Sample3
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
Failure at Number of
Strokes"
3
3
2
2
4
3
3
3
7
6
no failure at 10 strokes
'Samples were taken at four locations from the printed sample:
w = beginning of the run
x = 30 minutes into the run
y = 60 minutes into the run
z = end of the run
bA failure represents ink color transferred from the printed substrate to the unprinted substrate.
A maximum of 10 strokes were used for the wet rub resistance test.
C"L" indicates data from a laboratory run.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 67
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Tape Adhesiveness
Purpose
The purpose of the tape adhesiveness test is to check the bond of the dry ink to the
substrate. Adequate ink adhesion is critical, because if the ink doesn't adhere well
enough, it will not be able to stand up to the normal demands placed on the finished
product. The tape adhesiveness test was based on methods developed by Quality
Assurance at Sun Chemical Corporation.
Equipment
Printed sample of ink
Adhesive tape (3M — #610)
Procedure
1. Air dry or oven dry the print per standard test procedure.
2. Place a length of adhesive tape (3M — #610) along the length of the print.
3. Hold the print down with one hand and quickly pull the tape off the print. The tape
should be pulled at a 90 degree angle to the print, upwards, not against the tape.
4. Observe the tape; there should be no ink removal.
5. Observe the print. Again, there should be no signs of ink removal.
6. If 100% ink removal occurs, verify that the print has been made on the correct side
of the substrate.
7. Record the degree of ink removal by estimating the percentage of ink removed.
Results
Tape adhesiveness was measured on site during the demonstration runs, and in the
laboratory with samples collected from each site. Sites 1, 4, 9, and 10 were not tested
hi the laboratory because the OPP substrate printed at these sites was laminated to
another substrate. This lamination trapped the ink between the two substrate layers,
making it unnecessary to test the ink on the OPP substrate with this method.
Samples for testing were cut from four locations during the run length as indicated by
the following symbols:
w = beginning of run
x = 30 minutes into run
y = 60 minutes into run
z = end of run
Due to the aborted run using the PE/EVA substrate at Site 7, samples were only taken
from the beginning (w) and the end (z) of the run for testing in the laboratory. Site 8
also had a shorter run for the PE/EVA substrate, so samples were only available at the
beginning (w), 30 minutes into run (x), and the end of the run (z).
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 68
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
The laboratory runs at Western Michigan University were shorter in duration than the
demonstration runs, so samples for testing were only cut from three locations (w, x,
and z).
All ink colors that were printed on each substrate were tested. (White ink was not
printed on the white PE/EVA). In the case of a failure, the color(s) of ink removed
were listed in the "Comments" column, along with an indication of how much ink was
removed.
Table 4-E. 17 shows the tape adhesiveness results of samples from each site. When a
site number begins with an "L," the data were taken from a laboratory run conducted
at Western Michigan University, not from a volunteer printing facility.
Table 4-E.17 Tape Adhesiveness Results for Performance
Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs
=====
Ink
Cnlvpnt-
based
=====
LDPE
PE/EVA
OPP
=====
Product
#S2
#S2
#S2
=
Site
5
7
L5b
5
7
L7
L4
Location
of
Sample3
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
= X
y
z
w
z
w
X
z
w
X
- z
Pass/
Fail
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
F
F
P
P
F
F
P
P
P
P
P
P
Comments
outline of cyan and magenta was
removed
outline of cyan and magenta was
removed
cyan and magenta were slightly
removed
cyan, magenta, and blue were
removed
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 69
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.17 Tape Adhesiveness Results for Performance
Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
System
UV
uv
UV
(no slip)
Water-
based
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
LDPE
PE/EVA
Product
Line
#U2
#U2
#U3
i
#U1
#W3
#W3
Site
6
6
8
11
2
3
L1
2
3
L6
Location
of
Sample9
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
Pass/
Fail
F
F
P
P
F
F
F
F
F
P
F
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
F
F
P
P
P
P
F
F
F
F
Comments
white and magenta were removed
magenta was slightly removed
blue, green, and magenta were
removed
cyan, magenta, and blue were
removed
cyan, magenta, and blue were
removed
all colors were removed
cyan was slightly removed
cyan and green were slightly
removed
blue was removed
blue was removed
green was removed
all colors were removed
all colors were removed
all colors were removed
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 70
_
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.17 Tape Adhesiveness Results for Performance
Demonstration Sites and Laboratory Runs (continued)
Ink
System
Water-
based
Film
OPP
Product
Line
#W2
#W4
Site
L3
L2
Location
of
Sample3
w
X
z
w
X
z
Pass/
Fail
P
P
P
P
P
P
Comments
aSamples were taken at four locations from the printed sample:
w = beginning of the run
x = 30 minutes into the run
y = 60 minutes into the run
z = end of the run
b"L" indicates data from a laboratory run.
Trap
Purpose
The purpose of the trap test is to evaluate the efficiency of one ink printed over the top
of the next. The trap test was based on methods developed by Western Michigan
University.
Equipment
X-Rite 418 densitometer
Procedure
The procedure for measuring trap requires samples to be printed with solid ink
densities of magenta, cyan, white, and blue. The trap combinations to be measured
were magenta and cyan, and white and blue. However, the densitometer did not get
viable results from the white and blue combination. Trap was measured for both
100% tone (solid) and 80% tone samples printed with magenta and cyan.
1. Calibrate the densitometer according to the manufacturer's instructions. For all
color references, follow the calibration instructions obtained by pressing the function
key and color key together. Using instructions on the instrument, set low (white
standard) and high values (black standard) for each color; then read the individual
color patches as determined by the instrument. Verify calibration values for each
standard patch and make adjustments as necessary.
2. Two samples will be taken from four locations on the press runs for all substrates
(LDPE, PE/EVA, OPP).
3. Follow the densitometer instructions for the order in which readings should be
performed.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 71
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
4. The apparent trap is calculated from densitometer readings using the GATF/Preucil
trap formula:
Apparent trap [%] = (Dop - D1) X 100 / D2
where Dop = density of two-color overprint
Dt = density of first ink down
D2 = density of second ink down
Dop, D,, and D2 are measured using the complimentary filter of the second ink
down minus the paper.
Results
Trap was measured in the laboratory with samples collected from each site. Samples
on samples cut from two locations during the run length as indicated by the following
symbols:
w = beginning of run
z = end of run
Table 4-E. 18 shows the percent trap for these samples. Trap was measured for 100%
tone (solid) and 80% tone areas. The results in Table 4-E. 18 are the averages of five
measurements taken at each location during the run length. The standard deviation of
those five measurements is also shown in the table. The laboratory runs did not have
any overprinting using the process colors referred to above, so they were not measured
for trap.
Table 4-E.18 Trap Results for Performance Demonstration Sites
Ink
System
Solvent-
based
Film
LDPE
Product
Line
#S2
Site
5
7
Location
of
Sample3
w
z
w
z
Tone of
Sample
(%)
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
Average
Trap
(%)
96.6
99.8
100.0
99.8
100.2
101.6
98.2
98.8
Standard
Deviation
1.62
2.79
2.61
3.71
1.17
1.36
1.17
1.17
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 72
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.18 Trap Results for Performance Demonstration Sites (continued)
Ink
System
UV
uv
UV
(no slip)
Film
PE/EVA
OPP
LDPE
PE/EVA
PE/EVA
LDPE
Product
Line
#S2
#S1
#S2
#U2
#U2
#U3
#U1
Site
5
7
9B
10
i
6
6
8
11
Location
of
Sample3
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
'• z
w
z
Tone of
Sample
(%)
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
Average
Trap
(%)
104.2
100.0
97.4
97.2
93.2
93.8
92.4
90.2
102.6
99.0
104.6
103.8
93.4
107.6
98.2
95.8
88.8
88.0
89.4
87.6
95.0
91.2
90.2
90.4
91.4
94.6
96.2
97.2
85.2
80.6
80.8
81.0
Standard
Deviation
1.72
3.52
1.74
2.64
3.82
3.06
1.36
1.33
1.36
3.29
2.24
2.04
6.65
4.84
4.40
2.71
1.72
1.10
2.80
3.20
4.47
0.75
2.14
0.49
2.50
1.62
1.94
3.60
4.53
2.58
1.47
2.10
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 73
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.18 Trap Results for Performance Demonstration Sites (continued)
Ink
System
Water-
based
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
OPP
Product
Line
#W3
#W3
#W1
#W2
#W4
Site
2
3
2
3
4
1
9A
Location
of
Sample3
w ,
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
w
z
Tone of
Sample
(%)
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
.100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
100
80
Average
Trap
(%)
93.2
88.0
92.6
89.6
116.4
105.2
111.6
109.0
76.2
79.6
73.4
76.8
97.6
105.4
88.4
78.4
87.4
96.8
87.6
87.6
87.6
82.0
91.4
88.4
88.4
91.0
87.2
89.2
Standard
Deviation
5.15
4.20
2.06
4.22
4.08
3.31
2.58
4.05
1.94
2.24
3.93
5.04
1.36
2.24
1.02
0.80
1.20
3.60
1.85
1.62
3.56
3.29
1.96
1.50
2.50
5.44
1.47
1.47
"Samples were taken at two locations from the printed sample:
w = beginning of run
z = end of run
Uncured Residue — UV Ink
Purpose
The purpose of the uncured residue test is to determine if uncured residue from UV ink
remains on the printed substrate after the final UV curing station. The uncured residue
test for UV inks is based on methods developed by Maine Poly Inc.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 74
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Equipment
Three glass jars (approximately eight ounces) with lids
Alcohol
Procedure
1. Cut three samples from the roll of printed product.
2. Fill each of the three jars with enough alcohol to fully immerse the printed sample.
3. Place one sample in each jar.
4. After 24 hours, check jar #1. Note if there is any discoloration of the alcohol
indicating uncured residue is present.
5. After 48 hours, check jar #2. Note if there is any discoloration of the alcohol.
6. After 72 hours, check jar #3. Note if there is any discoloration of the alcohol.
Results
The uncured residue test was measured in the laboratory with samples collected from
Sites 6, 8 and 11. UV ink was not run at any other sites, nor was it used in the
laboratory runs performed at Western Michigan University.
The uncured residue test was measured in the laboratory with samples collected from
each site. Samples for testing were cut from four locations during the run length as
indicated by the following symbols:
w = beginning of run
x = 30 minutes into run
y = 60 minutes into run
z = end of run
Table 4-E. 19 presents the results of the uncured residue test for each of the sites.
Uncured residue was only measured for green, blue, and white ink, as these colors had
the largest areas of coverage. However, uncured residue was only found in blue print.
There was no evidence of uncured residue for green and white print. Therefore, the
results in Table 4-E. 19 are only for blue ink.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 75
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-E
LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
Table 4-E.19 Uncured Residue Results for Performance Demonstration Sites
Ink System
UV
UV (no slip)
Film
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
Product
Line
#U2
#U2
#U3
#U1
Site
6
6
8
11
Location
of
Sample3
w
X
y
z
w
X
y
z
w
X
z
w
X
y
z
Percent
of Ink Removed
(by weight)"
0.00
0.00
•0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.78
7.00
7.14
11.27
9.82
.11.51
9.09
"Samples were taken at four locations from the printed sample:
w = beginning of the run
x = 30 minutes into the run
y = 60 minutes into the run
z = end of the run
bUncured residue was found in blue print only. No uncured residue was found in green and
white print.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-E, page 76
September 2000
-------
Appendix 4-F (Performance Chapter)
Anilox Configuration Data from
the Performance Demonstrations
See Site Profiles in Chapter 4 for color sequence.
blue
green
white
cyan
magenta
Site 1
water-based
OPP
Ipi bcm
280 7.0
280 6.4
280 7.5
800 1.7
800 1.7
Site 2
water-based
LDPE, PE/EVA1
Ipi bcm
280 6.0
300 6.9
360 5.0
360 4.9
360 5.1
Site 3
water-based
LDPE, PE/EVA1
Ipi bcm
240 7.8
240 7.8
300 5.2
500 3.2
500 3.2
Site 4
water-based
OPP
Ipi bcm
250 6.1
250 6.8
250 6.3
800 2.2
600 2.7
Site 5
solvent-based
LDPE, PE/EVA1
Ipi bcm
240 4.2
240 4.2
300 6.2
550 2.0
550 2.0
Site6
UV
LDPE, PE/EVA1,
OPP
Ipi bcm
360 4.7
360 4.7
250 7.5
600 2.8
600 2.8
blue
green
white
cyan
magenta
Site?
solvent-
based
LDPE,
PE/EVA1
Ipi bcm
500 4.0
500 4.0
200 8.5
700 2.0
700 2.0
SiteB
UV
LDPE,
PBEVA1, OPP2
Ipi bcm
724 4.5
724 4.5
200 8.4
724 4.5
724 4.5
Site 9A
water-based
OPP
Ipi bcm
400 4.0
400 4.0
300 5.5
550 2.7
550 2.7
Site 9B
solvent-based
OPP
Ipi bcm
400 4.0
400 4.0
300 5.5
550 2.7
550 2.7
Site 10
solvent-based
OPP
Ipi bcm
250 10.1
250 9.8
250 9.0
800 1.8
800 1.6
Site 11
UV
LDPE
Ipi bcm
360 5.6
360 5.6
300 6.0
500 2.7
500 2.7
1white not used on PE/EVA
2magenta not used on LDPE, OPP
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-F, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-F ANILOX CONFIGURATION DATA FROM THE PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATIONS
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-F, page 2
September 2000
-------
Appendix 4-G (Performance Chapter)
Surface Tension Data From the Performance Demonstrations
Site
Site 1
Site 2
SiteS
Site 4
SiteS
Site6
Site?
SiteS
Site 9A
Site 9B
Site 10
Site 1 1
Ink System
Water-based
Water-based
Water-based
Water-based
Solvent-based
UV
Solvent-based
UV
Water-based
Water-based
Solvent-based
UV
Substrates
OPP
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
PE/EVA
OPP
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
PE/EVA
LDPE
PE/EVA
OPP
OPP
OPP
LDPE
Surface Tension (dynes)
before corona treatment
42
39
40
41
41
44
42
42
41
41
41
41
41
41
43
43
43
40
after corona treatment
42
41
41
41
41
44+*
41
41
41
41
42
42
42
41
44
44
43
40
*dyne pens only go up to 44 dynes
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-G, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-G SURFACE TENSION DATA FROM THE PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATIONS
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT 4-G, page 2 September 2000
-------
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APPENDIX 4-H
VISCOSITY DATA FROM THE PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATIONS
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-H,page 4
Septembeir 2000
-------
Appendix 4-1 (Performance Chapter)
Descriptions and Test Data for Performance Demonstration Sites
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATIONS
The inks, substrates, and test plates were shipped to each facility approximately two weeks
prior to each test run. The five ink colors were delivered at press in sealed five-gallon
containers, A press crew from the facility, and a team from the DfE Project was present
at each performance demonstration. The DfE team consisted of John Serafano (WMU),
accompanied by one or more individuals from either the DfE staff, WMU, or DfE
contractor Abt Associates Inc.
Anilox placement and cylinder mounting were done prior to the arrival of the DfE team.
The DfE team and the facility press crews then monitored the press runs, from makeready
through clean-up. During each demonstration, the press was run at production speeds
(300 to 500 feet per minute) for approximately two hours to produce up to 60,000 feet of
printed product (exceptions are described in "Deviations from the Project Methodology").
During the runs, the necessary data was collected, and on-site tests were conducted. After
each run, substrates were shipped to WMU, where more performance testing was
conducted.
SITE 1: WATER-BASED INK #2 ON OPP
There was one pre-makeready, one makeready, and one demonstration run performed.
Makeready: OPP
The ink was mixed to the desired viscosity (see Appendix 4-H), and the doctor blade
systems were pressurized, delivering ink to the anilox rolls. At mis point, the press drive
was engaged and the initial running makeready began. Impression was set for each color
and registration was achieved. The press speed ranged from 148 to 412 feet per minute
(ft/min). Most of the makeready was run on a similar substrate supplied by the site to
ensure adequate supply of the control film for the run. A flag was inserted to mark a print
for inspection.
The press was stopped after insertion of the marker and two samples were taken for
analysis. A visual inspection of the makeready sample was made. The samples had good
lay and trap, there appeared to be no problems with web stability, and there was no
evidence of blocking. The tape adhesiveness test was conducted, and all colors passed the
test. Density measurements were taken and recorded on each color of the sample pull.
The results of the visual inspection are noted in Table 4-1.1. The makeready process
lasted 64 minutes and consumed 8,975 feet of film. The site-supplied substrate was used
first for the makeready, which lasted 27 minutes and consumed 2,783 feet of film. The
makeready on the DfE control substrate lasted 37 minutes and consumed 6,192 feet of
film.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
4-1, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.1 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Makeready
Ink Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
1.590
2.218
1.596
1.500
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blockino
The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: OPP
Viscosity measurements were to have been taken and logged every 15 minutes during the
run. However the inks became too foamy, making this impossible. At 30 minutes, the
green and white could no longer be measured, and at 45 minutes the blue, cyan, and
magenta could no longer be measured. Markers were used to identify the timed locations
of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run within the rolls for sample removal during the
laboratory testing procedure. See Appendix 4-H for the full data table of viscosity
measurements.
The press was initially ramped to 412 ft/min for the demonstration run. It was determined
that higher speeds were possible and the speed was increased to 430 ft/min after 10,000
impressions. The run was completed after 129 minutes, with 51,000 feet of film
consumed. A sample was taken at the end of the run for density measurements,
adhesiveness tests, and visual quality inspection. The results are listed in Table 4-1.2.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-
DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.2 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass /fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements}
1.64
2.43
1.19
1.53
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
SITE 2: WATER-BASED INK #3 ON LDPE AND PE/EVA
Since the same product line was used for both substrates, only one pre-makeready and one
makeready were necessary. However, a "makeready check" was performed at the
beginning of the second demonstration run, before the PE/EVA. The only change made
between the two demonstration runs was that Deck #1 (white ink) was disengaged because
the PE/EVA is a white substrate and white is typically not printed over a white film.
Makeready: LDPE
To ensure adequate substrate supply for the run, a substrate similar to the control was
substituted during the makeready.
The ink was mixed to the desired viscosity (see Appendix 4-H), and the doctor blade
systems were pressurized, delivering ink to the anilox rolls. At this point, the press drive
was engaged and the initial running makeready began. Once impression was set for each
color and registration was achieved, the press was ramped up to 118 ft/min and a flag was
inserted to mark a print for inspection.
The press was stopped after insertion of the marker and two samples were taken for
analysis. A visual inspection of the makeready sample revealed pinholing in all colors.
There appeared to be no problems with web stability, and there was no evidence of
blocking. The impression was adjusted to correct the pinholing. The tape adhesiveness
test was conducted, and all colors passed the test. Density measurements were taken and
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
recorded on each color of the sample pull. The results of the visual inspection are noted
in Table 4-1.3. The makeready process lasted a total of 40 minutes (25 minutes with in-
house substrate, and 15 minutes with DfE substrate), and consumed 6,050 feet of film
(4,645 feet of in-house film, and 1,405 feet of DfE film.)
Table 4-1.3 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Makeready
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White .
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass /fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.46
1.98
1.23
1.74
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Pinholing. Poor trap. No problems
with dimensional stability. No
blocking.
Pinholing. Poor trap. No problems
with dimensional stability. No
blocking.
Pinholing. Poor trap. No problems
with dimensional stability. No
blocking.
Pinholing. Poor trap. No problems
with dimensional stability. No
blocking.
Pinholing. Poor trap. No problems
with dimensional stability. No
blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: LDPE
During the run, viscosity measurements were taken and logged every 15 minutes.
Markers were used to identify the timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run
within the rolls for sample removal during the laboratory testing procedure. See
Appendix 4-H for the full data table of viscosity measurements.
The press was ramped to 500 ft/min for the demonstration run, but the speed had to be
reduced to 403 ft/min because of poor drying and trap. The run was completed after 93
minutes because of an inadequate supply of DfE substrate. 37,053 feet of film were
consumed. A sample was taken at the end of the run for density measurements,
adhesiveness tests, and visual quality inspection. The results are listed in Table 4-1.4.
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.4 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.592
2.250
1.608
1.594
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Pinholing. Poor trap. No problems
with dimensional stability. No
blocking.
Pinholing. Poor trap. No problems
with dimensional stability. No
blocking.
Pinholing. Poor trap. No problems
with dimensional stability. No
blocking.
Pinholing. Poor trap. No problems
with dimensional stability. No
blocking.
Pinholing. Poor trap. No problems
with dimensional stability. No
blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: PE/EVA
As stated previously, there was no makeready for the PE/EVA because the press was
already set up from the LDPE production run; however, a "makeready check" was
performed after 6,000 feet of film were consumed. It was also necessary to disengage
Deck #1 (white ink) because the PE/EVA film was white.
The PE/EVA film was mounted on the press unwind reel. The press drive and color
decks were engaged and the press was ramped to 403 ft/min where a marker was inserted
for sample identification. The press was stopped and a sample was taken for inspection.
Density measurements and an adhesiveness test were performed on each color, and a
visual quality inspection was made. The results are listed in Table 4-1.5.
Viscosity measurements were taken 15 minutes into the run. Subsequent viscosity
measurements were not possible due to foaming of the ink. Markers were used to identify
the timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run within the rolls for sample
removal during the laboratory testing procedure. See Appendix 4-H for the full data table
of viscosity measurements.
It was necessary to stop the press at 16,000 feet to wipe the plates clean. The run was
ended after 37,868 feet of film consumed (102 minutes of run time) in order to match the
run length of the LDPE substrate. A sample was taken at the end of the run for density
measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual quality inspection. The results are listed in
Table 4-1.6.
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.5 Results of Tests Performed on PE/EVA at End of Makeready
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Fail
' Fail
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.55
2.17
1.04
1.54
Visual Quality
Poor print quality. Trap variable.
No problems with dimensional
stability or blocking.
Poor print quality. Trap variable.
No problems with dimensional
stability or blocking.
Poor print quality. Trap variable.
No problems with dimensional
stability or blocking.
Poor print quality. Trap variable.
No problems with dimensional
stability or blocking.
White was not used.
Table 4-1.6 Results of Tests Performed on PE/EVA at End of Run
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Fail
Fail
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless] ,
(average of five
measurements)
1.25
2.05
1.16
1.12
Visual Quality
Poor print quality. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Poor print quality. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Poor print quality. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Poor print quality. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
White was not used.
SITES: WATER-BASED INK #3 ON LDPE AND PE/EVA
Since the same product line was used for both substrates, only one pre-makeready and one
makeready were necessary. However, a "makeready check" was performed at the
beginning of the demonstration run for the PE/EVA. Two demonstration runs were
performed, one for each substrate. The only change made between the two runs was that
Deck #1 (white ink) was disengaged because the PE/EVA is a white substrate.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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1
APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Makeready: LDPE
The ink was mixed to the desired viscosity (see Appendix 4-H) and the doctor blade
systems were pressurized, delivering ink to the anilox rolls. Once impression was set for
each color and registration was achieved, the press was ramped up to 250 ft/min and a
flag was inserted to mark a print for inspection.
The press was stopped after insertion of the marker and two samples were taken for
analysis. A visual inspection of the makeready sample revealed that the lay of the blue
over the white was marginal, and the lay of the green over the white was good, but over
the film was marginal. The printability of the other colors was good. Trap was
acceptable for all colors and there appeared to be no problems with web stability. There
was no evidence of blocking. The tape adhesiveness test was conducted, and all colors
passed the test, with some light dusting noted on the green and the blue. Density
measurements were taken and recorded on each color of the sample pull. The results of
the visual inspection are noted in Table 4-1.7. The makeready process lasted 63 minutes
and consumed 4,220 feet of film. The press was stopped 43 minutes into the makeready,
after 3,568 feet of film had been consumed, hi order to clean the plates.
Table 4-1.7 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Makeready
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
(light dusting)
Pass
(light dusting)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.706
2.234
1.676
1.830
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Lay over white is good, over film is
marginal. Good trap and
dimensional stability. No blocking.
Lay over white is marginal, over
film is good. Good trap and
dimensional stability. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: LDPE
Viscosity measurements were attempted, but the viscosity was too high to measure with
equipment on site.
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September 2000
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r
APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
The press was initially ramped to 250 ft/min for the demonstration run. There were
problems drying the white, and to compensate, the temperature of the dryers was
increased. Press speed was reduced to 218 ft/min to improve drying. The run was
completed after 126 minutes, with 26,927 feet of film consumed. A sample was taken at
the end of the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual quality
inspection. The results are listed in Table 4-1.8.
Table 4-1.8 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
(improved —
no dusting)
Pass
(improved —
no dusting)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.830
2.022
1.504
1.774
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Pinholing. Very good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Pinholing. Very good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Very good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Good printability. Very good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Good printability. Very good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: PE/EVA
As stated previously, there was no makeready for the PE/EVA because the press was
already set up from the LDPE production run, but a "makeready check" was performed.
It was necessary to disengage Deck #1 (white ink) because the PE/EVA film was white.
The PE/EVA film was mounted on the press unwind reel. The press drive and color
decks were engaged and the press was ramped to 350 ft/min. The speed was increased
to 430 ft/min. During the run, 6,300 feet of film were consumed. The demonstration
team noted that there was a problem with the gearing on the magenta ink station which
was causing poor register.
A marker was inserted for sample identification. The press was stopped and a sample was
taken for inspection. Density measurements and an adhesiveness test were performed on
each color, and a visual quality inspection was also made. The results are listed in Table
4-1.9.
Viscosity measurements were attempted but the viscosity was too high and over the
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
recommended range of the viscosity cup. See Appendix 4-H for the full data table of
viscosity measurements.
The run was completed after 131 minutes, with 47,884 feet of film consumed. A sample
was taken at the end of the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual
quality inspection. The results are listed in Table 4-1.10.
Table 4-1.9 Results of Tests Performed on PE/EVA at End of Makeready
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue ,
Magenta
Cyan
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
(light dusting)
Pass
(light dusting)
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.606
2.028
1.342
1.534
Visual Quality
Poor wetting of green on white.
Good trap. No problems with
dimensional stability. No blocking.
Pinholing of blue on white. Good
trap. No problems with
dimensional stability or blocking.
Good printability and trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Good printability and trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
1White was not used.
Table 4-1.10 Results of Tests Performed on PE/EVA at End of Run
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Fail
Fail
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.440
1.768
1.256
1.384
Visual Quality
Increased pinholing. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Increased pinholing. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blockina.
1White was not used.
SITE 4: WATER-BASED INK #1 ON OPP
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
There was one pre-makeready, one makeready, and one demonstration run performed.
Makeready: OPP
The ink was mixed to the desired viscosity (see Appendix 4-H) and the doctor blade
systems were pressurized, delivering ink to the anilox rolls. At this point, the press drive
was engaged and the initial running makeready began. The start of the makeready was
run on a site-supplied substrate similar to the DfE control film.
The press achieved an optimal speed of 200 ft/min, and it was stopped twice during the
makeready due to low printed opacity. The first time the press was stopped (after running
for 14 minutes) was to replace the white ink. It was determined that the first white ink
used had a very low percentage of solids. It was replaced with another ink of the same
type which had a higher percentage of solids. Changing the ink did not adequately correct
the low opacity. The press was stopped a second time (after running for 11 more minutes)
to replace the white anilox roll, again in an effort to improve opacity. The press crew and
DfE team decided to continue despite low opacity.
Once impression was set for each color and registration was achieved, a flag was inserted
to mark a print for inspection.
The press was stopped after insertion of the marker and two samples were taken for
analysis. A visual inspection of the makeready sample revealed slight pinholing of the
green over the white, and moderate pinholing of the blue over the white. All other ink
colors achieved good printability. Trap was acceptable and there appeared to be no
problems with web stability. There was no evidence of blocking. The impression was
adjusted hi an effort to correct pinholing. The tape adhesiveness test was conducted, and
all colors passed the test except cyan. The failure of the cyan was thought to be due to
the foaminess of the ink, but was not proven. Alcohol was added in an effort to reduce
the foam. Density measurements were taken and recorded on each color of the sample
pull. The results of the visual inspection are noted in Table 4-1.11.
The makeready process lasted 136 minutes (45 minutes of actual press run time, and 91
minutes of down time for problems noted previously) and consumed 6,600 feet of film.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-1
DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.11 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Makeready
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan .
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Fail (possibly
due to foam;
alcohol was
added to reduce
foam)
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.962
2.114
1.358
1.448
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Slight pinholing over white. Good
trap. No problems with
dimensional stability. No blocking.
Moderate pinholing over white.
Good trap. No problems with
dimensional stability. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: OPP
During the run, viscosity measurements were taken and logged every 60 minutes.
Markers were used to identify the timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run
within the rolls for sample removal during the laboratory testing procedure. See
Appendix 4-H for the full data table of viscosity measurements.
The press was initially ramped to 400 ft/min for the demonstration run. The speed was
then increased to 450 ft/min, after 7,500 feet of film had been consumed. Press speed was
later slowed to 435 ft/min, and then to 415 ft/min for the last roll of substrate because of
drying concerns. Samples printed at the last three speeds were used for the performance
tests. The run was completed after 123 minutes, with 13,160 feet of film consumed. A
sample was taken at the end of the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and
visual quality inspection. The results are listed in Table 4-1.12.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.12 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Fail, but
improved
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.930
2.152
1.328
1.174
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Increased pinholing. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Plugging and pinholing. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Slight pinholing. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Slight pinholing. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Slight pinholing. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
SITE 5: SOLVENT-BASED INK #2 ON LDPE AND PE/EVA
Since the same product line was used for both substrates, only one pre-makeready and one
makeready were necessary. However, a "makeready check" was performed at the
beginning of the second demonstration run, the one for the PE/EVA. Two demonstration
runs were performed, one for each substrate. The only change made between the two runs
was that Deck #1 (white ink) was disengaged because the PE/EVA is a white substrate.
Makeready: LDPE
The ink was mixed to the desired viscosity (see Appendix 4-H) and the doctor blade
systems were pressurized, delivering ink to the anilox rolls. Once impression was set for
each color and registration was achieved, the press was ramped up to 400 ft/min and a
flag was inserted to mark a print for inspection.
The press was stopped after insertion of the marker and two samples were taken for
analysis. A visual inspection of the makeready sample revealed pinholing on the operator
side of the image in the green and blue solid blocks. Trap was acceptable and there
appeared to be no problems with web stability. There was no evidence of blocking. The
impression was adjusted to correct the pinholing. The tones were inspected for cleanliness
and transfer.
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Solvent was added as needed to adjust viscosity in each of the colors to improve
printability. The tape adhesiveness test was conducted, and all colors passed the test.
Density measurements were taken and recorded on each color of the sample pull. The
results of the visual inspection are noted in Table 4-1.13. The makeready process lasted
59 minutes and consumed 1,933 feet of film.
Table 4-1.13 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Makeready
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
1.590
2.218
1.596
1.500
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Pinholing on one side. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Pinholing on one side. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Good printabiiity. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blockina.
The white inK was not measured roraensuy uci^auoc me GUIMGMUJ «• •••••«- ••••« —
by an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were
measured during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: LDPE
During the run, viscosity measurements were taken and logged every 15 minutes, with
solvent and ink additions noted at each occurrence. Markers were used to identify the
timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run within the rolls for sample
removal during the laboratory testing procedure. See Appendix 4-H for the full data table
of viscosity measurements.
The press was ramped to 400 ft/min for the demonstration run, and the run was completed
after 57 minutes, with 21,924 feet of film consumed. A sample was taken at the end of
the run for density measurements., adhesiveness tests, and visual quality Inspection. The
results are listed in Table 4-1.14.
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.14 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
1.592
2.250
1.608
1.594
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Pinholing on one side. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Plate contamination. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: PE/EVA
As stated previously, there was no makeready for the PE/EVA because the press was
already set up from the LDPE production run. It was necessary to disengage Deck #1
(white ink) because the PE/EVA film was white.
The press drive and color decks were engaged and the press was ramped to 400 ft/min
where a marker was inserted for sample identification. The press was stopped and a
sample was taken for inspection. Density measurements and an adhesiveness test were
performed on each color, and a visual quality inspection was made. The results are listed
in Table 4-1.15.
During the run, viscosity measurements were taken and logged every 15 minutes, with
solvent and ink additions noted at each occurrence. Markers were used to identify the
timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run within the rolls for sample
removal during the laboratory testing procedure. See Appendix 4-H for the full data table
of viscosity measurements.
The run was completed after 56 minutes, with 20,858 feet of film consumed. A sample
was taken at the end of the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual
quality inspection. The results are listed in Table 4-1.16.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-
DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.15 Results of Tests Performed on PE/EVA at End of Makeready
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
1.31
1.72
1.51
1.46
Visual Quality
Good printability and trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Good printability and trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Good printability and trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Good printability and trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
1White was not used.
Table 4-1.16 Results of Tests Performed on PE/EVA at End of Run
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
1.51
1.94
1.21
1.57
Visual Quality
Uneven impression in the trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Uneven impression in the trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Tones plugging. Uneven
impression in the trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or
blocking.
Tones plugging. Uneven
impression in the trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or
blockina.
1White was not used.
SITE 6: TJV INK #2 ON LDPE, PE/EVA, AND OPP
Since the same product line was used for all three substrates, only one pre-makeready and
one makeready were necessary. However, a "makeready check" was performed at the
beginning of the second demonstration run, for the PE/EVA, and the third, for the OPP.
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
The only change made between the demonstration runs was that Deck #1 (white ink) was
disengaged to run the PE/EVA, because it is a white substrate, and re-engaged to run the
clear OPP substrate.
Makeready: LDPE
Viscosity measurements were not taken for UV inks at press because of the thixotropic
nature of the inks. Once impression was set for each color and registration was achieved,
the press was ramped up to 310 ft/min and a flag was inserted to mark a print for
inspection.
The press was stopped after insertion of the marker and two samples were taken for
analysis. A visual inspection of the makeready sample revealed slight pinholing in the
white, the print quality appeared dirty, and there was evidence of plate contamination.
There was acceptable printability in all other colors. Some wrinkling of the substrate was
noted and attributed to the heat of the UV lamps. Trap was acceptable and there was no
evidence of blocking; The impression was adjusted to correct the pinholing. The tones
were inspected for cleanliness and transfer. The tape adhesiveness test was conducted,
and all colors passed the test. Density measurements were taken and recorded on each
color of the sample pull. The results of the visual inspection are noted in Table 4-1.17.
The makeready process lasted 80 minutes and consumed 3,964 feet of film.
Table 4-1.17 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Makeready
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass /fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.54
2.15
1.75
1.45
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap.
Some wrinkling of substrate from
heat No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap.
Some wrinkling of substrate from
heat. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap.
Some wrinkling of substrate from
heat. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap.
Some wrinkling of substrate from
heat. No blocking.
Pinholing. Dirty printing. Plate
contamination. Good trap. Some
wrinkling of substrate from heat.
No blocking.
'The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Demonstration Run: LDPE
Viscosity measurements were not taken for the UV inks, and no adjustments were made
to the inks.
The press was ramped to 338 ft/min for the first roll of LDPE for the demonstration run,
and 351 .ft/min for the second roll. The run was completed after 92 minutes, with 32,431
feet of film consumed. A sample was taken at the end of the run for density
measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual quality inspection. The results are listed in
Table 4-1.18. The LDPE film was unmounted in preparation for the PE/EVA run.
Table 4 1.18 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.46
2.10
1.77
1.50
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap.
Some wrinkling of substrate from
heat. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap.
Some wrinkling of substrate from
heat. Nonlocking.
Good printability. Good trap.
Some wrinkling of substrate from
heat. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap.
Some wrinkling of substrate from
heat. No blocking.
Pinholing. Dirty printing. Plate
contamination. Good trap. Some
wrinkling of substrate from heat.
No blockina.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: PE/EVA
As stated previously, there was no makeready for the PE/EVA because the press was
already set up from the LDPE production run, however a "makeready check" was
performed. It was necessary to disengage Deck#l (white ink) because the PE/EVA film
was white.
The PE/EVA film was mounted on the press unwind reel. The press drive and color
decks were engaged and the press was ramped to 354 ft/min where a marker was inserted
for sample identification. The press was stopped and a sample was taken for inspection.
Density measurements and an adhesiveness test were performed on each color, and a
visual quality inspection was made. The results are listed in Table 4-1.19.
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Again, viscosity measurements were not taken for the UV inks, and no adjustments were
made to the inks.
Table 4-1.19 Results of Tests Performed on PE/EVA at End of Makeready "Check"
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass /fail)
Fail
Fail
Fail
Fail
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.41
2.14
1.26
1.54
Visual Quality
Good ink lay. Dirty printing. Fair
trap. No problems with
dimensional stability or blocking.
Good ink lay. Dirty printing. Fair
trap. No problems with
dimensional stability or blocking.
Good ink lay. Dirty printing. Fair
trap. No problems with
dimensional stability or blocking.
Good ink lay. Dirty printing. Fair
trap. No problems with
dimensional stability or blocking
1White was not used.
The run was completed after 95 minutes, with 27,691 feet of film consumed. A sample
was taken at the end of the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual
quality inspection. The results are listed in Table 4-1.20.
Table 4-1.20 Results of Tests Performed on PE/EVA at End of Run
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass /fail)
Fail
Fail
Fail
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.43
1.92
1.53
1.53
Visual Quality
Good ink lay. Dirty printing. Good
trap. No problems with
dimensional stability or blocking.
Good ink lay. Dirty printing. Good
trap. No problems with
dimensional stability or blocking.
Good ink lay. Dirty printing.
Density high — unable to reduce.
Good trap. No problems with
dimensional stability or blocking.
Good ink lay. Dirty printing. Good
trap. No problems with
dimensional stability or blocking. .
'White was not used.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Demonstration Run: OPP
As stated previously, there was no makeready for the OPP because the press was already
set up from the PE/EVA production run, however a "makeready check" was performed.
Deck #1 (white ink) was re-engaged because the OPP film was a clear film.
The press drive and color decks were engaged and the press was ramped to 344 ft/min
where a marker was inserted for sample identification. The press was stopped and a
sample was taken for inspection. Density measurements and an adhesiveness test were
performed on each color, and a visual quality inspection was made. The results are listed
in Table 4-1.21.
Viscosity measurements were not taken for the UV inks, and no adjustments were made.
The run was stopped prematurely due to overheating of the chill roller by the UV lamp.
This occurred after 38 minutes of run time, with 6,583 feet of film consumed. No
samples were taken, and no measurements made for the end of the run, as shown in Table
4-1.22.
Table 4-1.21 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Makeready
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Fail
Fail
No data
Fail
Fail
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
0.60
0.65
1.51
1.32
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or, blocking.
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability
or blocking.
Pinholing. Dirty printing. Low
opacity on visual inspection. Fair
trap. No problems with
dimensional stability or blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.22 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass /fail)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Visual Quality
No samples taken — run stopped
prematurely due to overheating of
chill roller by UV lamp.
No samples taken — run stopped
prematurely due to overheating of
chill roller by UV lamp.
No samples taken — run stopped
prematurely due to overheating of
chill roller by UV lamp.
No samples taken — run stopped
prematurely due to overheating of
chill roller by UV lamp.
No samples taken — run stopped
prematurely due to overheating of
chill roller by UV lamp.
SITE 7: SOLVENT-BASED INK #2 ON LDPE AND PE/EVA
Makeready: LDPE
The ink was mixed to the desired viscosity (see Appendix 4-H) and the doctor blade
systems were pressurized, delivering ink to the anilox rolls. After the press drive was
engaged, the makeready began. Once impression was set for each color and registration
was achieved, the press was ramped up to 450 ft/min. There was a web break 35 minutes
into the makeready due to press and operator conditions.
A visual inspection of the makeready sample revealed that the printing quality of the tones
appeared dirty, but the lay was good, trap was very good, and there appeared to be no
problems with web stability. There was also no evidence of blocking. The demonstration
team noted that the ink looked "a little too fast" (in the ink appeared to be drying on the
plate).
The tones were inspected for cleanliness and transfer. The tape adhesiveness test was
conducted, and all colors passed the test. Density measurements were taken and recorded
on each color of the sample pull. The results of the visual inspection are noted in Table
4-1.23. The makeready process lasted 58 minutes and consumed 2,350 feet of film.
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APPENDIX. 4-i DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.23 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Makeready
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass /fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
0.988
1.784
1.406
1.264
Not measured1
Visual Quality
"Dirty" printing in tones on one side.
Good trap. No problems with
dimensional stability. No blocking.
"Dirty" printing in tones on one side.
Good trap. No problems with
dimensional stability. No blocking.
"Dirty" printing in tones on one side.
Good trap. No problems with
dimensional stability. No blocking.
"Dirty" printing in tones on one side.
Good trap. No problems with
dimensional stability. No blocking.
"Dirty" printing in tones on one side.
Good trap. No problems with
dimensional stability. No blockina.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: LDPE
During the run, viscosity measurements were taken and logged at 15, 30, and 120 minutes
into the run. Markers were used to identify the timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and
end of the run within the rolls for sample removal during the laboratory testing procedure.
See Appendix 4-H for the full data table of viscosity measurements.
The press was ramped to 450 ft/min for the demonstration run, and the run was completed
after 148 minutes, with 42,000 feet of film consumed. A sample was taken at the end of
the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual quality inspection. The
results are listed in Table 4-1.24.
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.24 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
0.840
1.742
1.302
, 1.150
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Tones improved. Mottle/lay good.
Very good trap. No blocking. No
problems with dimensional stability.
Tones improved. Mottle/lay good.
Very good trap. No blocking. No
problems with dimensional stability.
Tones improved. Mottle/lay good.
Very good trap. No blocking. No
problems with dimensional stability.
Tones improved. Mottle/lay good.
Very good trap. No blocking. No
problems with dimensional stability.
Tones improved. Mottle/lay good.
Very good trap. No blocking. No
problems with dimensional stability.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: PE/EVA
As stated previously, it was intended that the PE/EVA substrate also be run at this
location. The substrate was mounted on the press, and the "makeready check" was begun.
After only 8,069 feet of film were consumed, the run was aborted. The demonstration
team decided that the roll of substrate they were running was not the correct project
control film, due to a supplier mix-up. In addition, the substrate had wrinkles from poor
extrusion, the cores were not the correct size, and the cores were crushed.
No samples were taken from the PE/EVA run, and no measurements made.
SITES: UV INK #3 ON LDPE, PE/EVA, AND OPP
The PE/EVA substrate (a white substrate) was run first, followed by the LDPE, and
finally the OPP. Since this was run on a four-color press, it was necessary to make a
complete change on Deck #1 between the PE/EVA and LDPE substrates, changing from
magenta ink and a process plate, to white ink and a line plate. No change was necessary
between the LDPE and the OPP. There was only one pre-makeready, and the makeready
was performed before the demonstration team arrived at the plant for the run. There were
no "makeready checks" performed when the substrates were changed.
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Makeready: PE/EVA
The makeready was performed before the demonstration team arrived. The press crew
reported that the makeready took between 60 and 120 minutes, achieved a press speed of
262 ft/min, and consumed 800 feet of film.
Two samples were taken from the roll for analysis. A visual inspection revealed that the
print quality of the green was good, and the quality of the process tones was excellent.
It was noted, however, that the print quality of the blue solid appeared dirty. The trap
was very good, there appeared to be no problems with web stability, and there was no
evidence of blocking. The tape adhesiveness test was conducted, and all colors passed the
test. Density measurements were taken and recorded on each color of the sample pull.
The results of the visual inspection are noted in Table 4-1.25.
Table 4-1.25 Results of Tests Performed on PE/EVA at End of Makeready
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.066
1.200
1.150
1.312
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Dirty printing. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1White was not used.
Demonstration Run: PE/EVA
No viscosity measurements were taken on the UV inks during the run. Markers were
used to identify the timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run within the
rolls for sample removal during the laboratory testing procedure.
The press was ramped to 262 ft/min for the demonstration run, and the run was completed
after 63 minutes, with 15,912 feet of film consumed. A sample was taken at the end of
the run for density measurements, and visual quality inspection. The results are listed in
Table 4-1.26.
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APPENDIX 4-i DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.26 Results of Tests Performed on PE/EVA at End of Run
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.096
1.280
1.332
1.410
Visual Quality
Dirty printing. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking. .
Dirty printing in solid. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blockina.
1White was not used.
Demonstration Run: LDPE
As stated previously, Deck #1 was changed from magenta to white ink, and the plate was
also changed from a process plate to a line plate. No "makeready check" was performed.
The press drive and color decks were engaged and the press was ramped to 262 ft/min.
The run was completed after 65 minutes, with 2,559 feet of film consumed. A sample
was taken at the end of the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual
quality inspection. The results are listed in Table 4-1.27. The LDPE film was unmounted
in preparation for the OPP run.
No viscosity measurements were taken of the UV inks during the run. Markers were used
to identify the timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run within the rolls for
sample removal during the laboratory testing procedure.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.27 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Run
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Fail
Fail
Fail
Fail
Density
[limitless]
(average of five
measurements)
0.994
0.976
1.136
Not measured2
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Dirty printing in solid. Good trap!
No problems with dimensional
stability. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1Magenta was not used.
2The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test ana1 were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: OPP
As stated previously, no "makeready check" was performed for the OPP.
A limited amount of OPP was available due to shipping concerns between the U.S. and
Germany. The OPP film was mounted on the press unwind reel. The press was ramped
to 262 ft/mm. The run was completed after 15 minutes., with 4,265 feet of film
consumed. The run was shortened due to the limited quantity of OPP. A sample was
taken at the end of the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual quality
inspection. The results are listed in Table 4-1.28.
No viscosity measurements were taken during the run. Markers were used to identify the
timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run within the rolls for sample
removal during the laboratory testing procedure.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.28 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Run
Ink
Color1
Green
Blue
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Fail
Fail
Fail
Fail
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.058
1.116
1.174
Not measured2
Visual Quality
Slight dirty printing. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Dirty printing. Good trap. No prob-
lems with dimensional stability. No
blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No •
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1 Magenta not used.
^he white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
SITE9A: WATER-BASED INK #4 ON OPP
One pre-makeready, one makeready, and one demonstration run were performed.
Makeready: OPP
The ink was mixed to the desired viscosity (see Appendix 4-H) and the doctor blade
systems were pressurized, delivering ink to the anilox rolls. Once impression was set for
each color and registration was achieved, the press was ramped up to 680 ft/min and a
flag was inserted to mark a print for inspection.
The press was stopped after insertion of the marker and two samples were taken for
analysis. A visual inspection of the makeready sample revealed very good printability.
Trap was acceptable and there appeared to be no problems with web stability. There was
no evidence of blocking. The tape adhesiveness test was conducted, and all colors passed
the test. Density measurements were taken and recorded on each color of the sample pull.
The results of the visual inspection are noted in Table 4-1.29. The makeready process
lasted 120 minutes and consumed 1,250 feet of film.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.29 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Makeready
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.422
2.064
1.434
1.710
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: OPP
During the run, viscosity measurements were taken and logged every 15 minutes.
Markers were used to identify the timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run
within the rolls for sample removal during the laboratory testing procedure. See
Appendix 4-H for the full data table of viscosity measurements.
The press was ramped to 425 ft/min for the demonstration run, and the run was completed
after 66 minutes, with 34,434 feet of film consumed. A sample was taken at the end of
the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual quality inspection. The
results are listed in Table 4-1.30.
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.30 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.494
2.068
1.460
1.756
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
SITE 9B: SOLVENT-BASED INK #4 ON OPP
There was one pre-makeready, one makeready, and one demonstration run performed.
Makeready: OPP
The ink was mixed to the desired viscosity (see Appendix 4-H) and the doctor blade
systems were pressurized, delivering ink to the anilox rolls. Once impression was set for
each color and registration was achieved, the press was ramped up to 680 ft/min and a
flag was inserted to mark a print for inspection.
The press was stopped after insertion of the marker and two samples were taken for
analysis. A visual inspection of the makeready sample revealed poor printability in the
blue, and acceptable printing in the other colors. It was suggested by the demonstration
team and press crew that the blue ink and doctor blade be replaced. After the changes
were made, trap was acceptable and there appeared to be no problems with web stability.
There was no evidence of blocking. The tape adhesiveness test was conducted, and all
colors passed the test. Density measurements were taken and recorded on each color of
the sample pull. The results of the visual inspection are noted in Table 4-1.31. The
makeready process lasted 135 minutes and consumed 1,930 feet of film.
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.31 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Makeready
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass /fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.074
1.686
1.286
1.534
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Poor printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: OPP
During the run, viscosity measurements were taken and logged every 15 minutes.
Markers were used to identify the timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run
within the rolls for sample removal during the laboratory testing procedure. See
Appendix 4-H for the full data table of viscosity measurements.
The press was ramped to 415 ft/min for the demonstration run, and the run was completed
after 80 minutes, with 33,641 feet of film consumed. A sample was taken at the end of
the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual quality inspection. The
results are listed in Table 4-1.32.
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.32 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass /fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.062
1.730
1.568
1.870
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
SITE 10: SOLVENT-BASED INK #2 ON OPP
One pre-makeready, one makeready, and one demonstration run was performed.
Makeready: OPP
The ink was mixed to the desired viscosity (see Appendix 4-H). Once impression was set
for each color and registration was achieved, the press was ramped up to 800 ft/min and
a flag was inserted to mark a print for inspection.
The press was stopped after insertion of the marker and two samples were taken for
analysis. A visual inspection of the makeready sample revealed poor solid formation in
the magenta, with good printability in all other colors. Trap was acceptable and there
appeared to be no problems with web stability.
There was no evidence of blocking. The press crew and demonstration team felt that the
problem with the magenta was due to the system being too fast, so slow solvent was added
to the red ink fountain to compensate. The tape adhesiveness test was conducted, and all
colors passed the test. Density measurements were taken and recorded on each color of
the sample pull. The results of the visual inspection are noted in Table 4-1.33. The
makeready process lasted 120 minutes and consumed 10,950 feet of film.
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.33 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Makeready
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.35
1.93
0.81
1.03
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Poor solid formation. Good trap.
No problems with dimensional sta-
bility. No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: OPP
During the run, viscosity measurements were taken and logged every 15 minutes.
Markers were used to identity the timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and end of the run
within the rolls for sample removal during the laboratory testing procedure. See
Appendix 4-H for the full data table of viscosity measurements.
The press was ramped to 600 ft/min for the demonstration run, and the run was completed
after 90 minutes, with 56,700 feet of film consumed. A sample was taken at the end of
the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual quality inspection. The
results are listed in Table 4-1.34.
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.34 Results of Tests Performed on OPP at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass /fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.36
1.83
0.85
1.10
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Still poor solid formation. Good
trap. No problems with
dimensional stability, No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Good trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blockina.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
SITE 11: UVINK#1ONLDPE(NOSLIP)
One pre-makeready, one makeready, and one demonstration run was performed.
Makeready: LDPE
Once impression was set for each color and registration was achieved, the press was
ramped up to 700 ft/mm and a flag was inserted to mark a print for inspection.
A visual inspection of the makeready sample revealed good ink lay in all colors, however
there was blade streaking in the cyan image. There was also dry ink on the blue anilox
roller. Trap was fair, and there were no problems with dimensional stability. There was
no evidence of blocking. The tape adhesiveness test was conducted, and all colors passed
the test. Density measurements were taken and recorded on each color of the sample pull.
The results of the visual inspection are noted in Table 4-1.35. The makeready process
lasted 75 minutes and consumed 7,200 feet of film.
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APPEMDtX 4-t DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.35 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Makeready
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass /fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.408
1.792
1.074
1.036
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability, with blade streak-
ing. Fair trap. No problems with
dimensional stability. No
blocking.
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blockina.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
Demonstration Run: LDPE
Viscosity measurements were not taken for the UV inks, and no adjustments were made
to the inks. Markers were used to identify the timed locations of start, 30 minutes, and
end of the run within the rolls for sample removal .during the laboratory testing procedure.
The press was ramped to 400 ft/min for the demonstration run, and the run was completed
after 153 minutes, with 38,400 feet of film consumed. A sample was taken at the end of
the run for density measurements, adhesiveness tests, and visual quality inspection. The
results are listed in Table 4-1.36.
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September 2000
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APPENDIX 4-1 DESCRIPTIONS AND TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Table 4-1.36 Results of Tests Performed on LDPE at End of Run
Ink
Color
Green
Blue
Magenta
Cyan
White
Tape
Adhesiveness
Test (pass / fail)
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Density
[unitless]
(average of five
measurements)
1.495
2.170
1.093
1.248
Not measured1
Visual Quality
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blocking.
Good printability, with blade streak-
ing. Good trap. No problems with
dimensional stability. No
blocking.
Good printability. Fair trap. No
problems with dimensional stability.
No blockina.
1The white ink was not measured for density because the efficiency of white ink is measured by
an opacity test. Opacity measurements are not typically an "at press" test and were measured
during the laboratory testing portion of the project.
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Appendix 4-J (Performance Chapter)
Descriptions and Performance Test Data
for the Laboratory Runs
Pre-makeready
Plates, substrates, and inks were delivered to the facility approximately two weeks prior
to the print run. Each of the ink colors was delivered at press in sealed five-gallon
containers. Anilox placement and cylinder mounting were done by the laboratory
personnel.
Makeready
The inks were reduced to 25 seconds using a Zahn cup. The press was ramped up to its
optimal speed for the ink/substrate combination. Two samples were collected for
inspection to verify optimum conditions.
Laboratory Runs
A total of seven laboratory runs were conducted.
Printing viscosities were maintained at 25 seconds using a Zahn #2 efflux cup, for all
colors on all runs. Since these press runs were performed at Western Michigan
University (WMU), all performance testing was conducted after completion of the runs.
The results of the tape adhesiveness test, density measurements, and visual quality
inspection for each print run are listed in Table 4-J. 1. The dryer temperatures are listed
in Table 4-J.2.
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APPENDIX 4-J
DESCRIPTIONS AND ON-SITE PERF. TEST DATA FOR LABORATORY RUNS
Table 4-J.1. Performance Test Results (At Press) of Laboratory Runs
Run
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
Ink
Color
Green
White
Green
White
Green
White
Green
White
Green
White
Green
Cyan
Green
Cyan
Scotch Tape
Adhesiveness Test
(Pass / Fail)
P
P
F
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
F
F
P
P
Density
0.95
0.99
0.70
0.72
0.90
0.90
1.09
1.12
1.30
Opacity
43%
29%
37%
38%
54%
Visual Quality
mottled, poor wetting, weak
color
pinholing
slightly mottled, color weak
pinholing, low opacity
color weak, slight mottle
low opacity
weak color, slight mottle
acceptable coverage
slight mottle
good opacity coverage
mottle, poor coverage
slight mottle
good color and coverage
slight mottle
Table 4-J.2. Dryer Temperatures for Laboratory Runs
Run
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
Temperature
Deck #1 (°F)
162
170
160
120
122
162
125
Temperature
Deck#2(°F)
145
165
155
110
118
160
120
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Appendix 4-K (Performance Chapter)
Performance Test Data from Laboratory Runs for Inks Not Used in the
Performance Demonstrations
Five ink manufacturers submitted six product lines to be tested in the lab that were not printed at the
performance demonstration sites. The lines were as follows:
(Ink manufacturer #1)
1 solvent product line - cyan, 354 green, and white
(Ink manufacturer #2, #3) 3 water product lines - cyan, 354 green, and white
ink manufacturer #3 supplied two product lines, one for lamination and one for surface printing
(Ink manufacturer #4, #5) 2 UV product lines - cyan, 354 green and white
the UV product lines were not printed due to lack of equipment capabilities on the lab press
The following is used to identify the ink product lines:
IM #1 -PE
IM #1 - EVA
IM #2 - EVA
IM #2 - PE
IM#3-EVA
IM #3 - PE
IM#3L-OPP
IM #4 - not run
IM #5 - not run
Ink sets #1, #2, and #3 were printed as two press runs listed below:
Run A - Deck #1 220 anliox white ink and, Deck #2 440 anilox cyan ink (two colors)
Run B - Deck #2 440 anliox 354 green (one color)
A combination plate containing both line and half tones was used for both the 354 green and cyan color
inks in Deck #2.
Only run IM#3L was printed with the OPP substrate since this product line was specified as a lamination
ink. IM #1, IM#2 and IM#3 was printed with both LDPE and LDPE/EVA substrates. IM #4 and IM #5
were not printed.
All inks were reduced to 25 seconds #2 Zahn cup. Each set was printed for 3 to 5 minutes to stabilize the
press conditions and obtain registration. The dryers were set to 140° F. All inks dried adequately at speed
up to 350 ft/min.
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APPENDIX 4-K
PERF. TEST DATA FROM LAB RUNS FOR INKS NOT USED IN PERF. DEMOS
Table 4-K reports the qualitative performance of each ink. Each ink was evaluated for scotch tape
adhesion, and general visual print quality.
Table 4-K Qualitative Performance of Inks Not Used in Performance Demonstrations
Product Line
IM #1 - PE
Cyan & White
IM #1 - EVA
Green
!M #2- PE
Cyan & White
IM #2 - EVA
Green
IM #3 - PE
Cyan & White
IM #3 - EVA
Green
IM#3L-OPP
Cyan & White
Tape Adhesion
Test
pass all colors
pass all colors
pass all colors
pass all colors
pass all colors
pass all colors
pass all colors
Visual Quality
white opacity low; slight mottle; no pinholing; trap acceptable
slight mottle all colors; trap acceptable
mottle in cyan from poor wetting, pinholing in cyan and
white; cyan color weak; poor wetting and trap
slight mottle;, no pinholing
slight mottle all colors; trap good; slight pinholing; color
good
slight mottle all colors; no pinholing
slight mottle all colors; trap acceptable; no pinholing
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Appendix 5-A (Cost Chapter)
Cost Analysis Methodology
i.
INTRODUCTION
The methodology will be employed to estimate the cost of using three inks: solvent-based, water-based,
and UV-cured. The cost research will focus on identifying those cost elements that are different for the
three ink processes. It will not only identify traditional costs, but also costs that are typically "hidden"
in printing operations.
The primary source for the cost information will be the performance demonstrations. These costs will be
gathered at the printing sites. (Sample data collection sheets are provided in Appendices 4-B and 4-C.)
This information will be supplemented with information from industry statistics, supplier information, and
other sources. The cost estimation is intended to reflect standard industry practices and provide
representative data for the given ink process.
Besides determining and categorizing the costs incurred while using the three inks, the less tangible
benefits or costs that can result from the implementation of each ink will be identified in a qualitative
manner with annual or quarterly costs as supporting documentation (if available).
In order to normalize the cost data for comparative purposes, two standards were chosen: 6,000 images
and 6,000 square feet of image.
The final cost estimates for each ink system will consist of four major cost elements: materials, labor,
capital, and energy use.
H. MATERIAL COSTS
Material costs will consist of those costs that differ between the three ink types (ink and additives). The
performance demonstrations will be the main avenue for retrieval of these costs, but suppliers and industry
experts will also be consulted. Costs associated with special storage requirements of the inks, such as
additional fire protection, ventilation, or regulatory requirements will not be considered quantitatively in
the cost analysis. For example, solvent-based ink storage requires a local fire inspection, registration, and
storage room ventilation, whereas water-based and UV-cured may not require the same precautions. These
cost differentials will be difficult to quantify in the performance demonstrations and hard to acquire from
industry.
The main components of the material costs will be ink and additives. For these costs, the quantity used
will be gathered during the performance demonstrations and multiplied by an industry average cost,
gathered from manufacturers and industry reports. The cost differences associated with cleaning for each
ink type, if substantial, will be discussed in a qualitative fashion.
1. Ink costs:
a) Manufacturer's price for all three inks and for four or five colors/three substrates (based on
a given volume purchased [110-500 Ib allotment])
b) Amount of ink used to come up with a similar appearance for all three inks during start-up and
run-time
2. Diluent or reducer (usage and price); price will be based on a given volume purchased
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APPENDIX 5-A
COST ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
For ink and additives, prices will be collected and presented to the project design subcommittee for review
and confirmation. The following items will be dealt with in a qualitative manner if the differences among
the ink processes are substantial.
/
• Doctor blades
• Plates
• Bulbs for drying lamps
• Clean-up procedures and industry recommendations
HI. LABOR COSTS
Labor costs will include the time spent on press (start-up, run-time, and clean-up), the hourly wage rate
for a press person and assistant, fringe costs per person, and overhead expenses per person. Because wage
rates vary throughout the country and are dependent on union versus non-union shops, wage rates from
the performance demonstration and from industry reports will be used to determine a fixed rate. This cost
will then be multiplied by a fringe and overhead rate (from industry studies) to establish a reasonably
inclusive cost of labor.
IV. CAPITAL COSTS
Equipment costs for the inks will be considered, but equipment costs common to all inks will be excluded
from analysis. The capital costs will be amortized, and an average rate of return on capital will be used.
Costs scenarios will be developed for both new equipment purchases and for retrofitting existing presses.
The equipment costs will take into account the costs of purchasing both new equipment and retrofitting
existing equipment. The equipment costs will be gathered from manufacturer's prices and industry
averages. A yearly equipment cost will be determined, which then will be divided by total production
hours per year to get an hourly equipment rate.
A. Capital Costs for New Equipment
Costs above a baseline for the press equipment will include, when applicable, the following factors for
each ink system:
1) Control technologies
2) Process equipment
3) Installation
4) Project engineering
B. Capital Costs for Retrofitting Equipment
Retrofitting costs will be estimated for all the auxiliary equipment. Retrofitting costs will reflect an
average retrofit package mat will identify the relevant equipment for four retrofits:
1. Solvent-based to water-based press:
a) Dryer capacity enhancement: using enlarged exhaust and supply fans
b) Additional ductwork and noise abatement equipment (possible)
c) Ink handling equipment upgrade (ink metering rolls were replaced to facilitate drying; pumps
may need to be replaced; press roller modification)
d) Install an in-line corona treatment system
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APPENDIX 5-A
COST ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
2. Solvent-based to UV-cured press:
a) Remove inter-deck dryers
b) Shut-off gas
c) Turn off air blowers
d) Install interdeck UV lamps
e) Install chiller
f) Install blowers for lamps
g) Miscellaneous: may also require chambered doctor blades, peristaltic pumps, a corona treater,
and web scrubber. These may be present on a newer solvent-based press.
3. Water-based to UV-cured press
4. UV-cured to water-based press
C. Depreciation Rate
The depreciation rate will be based on that used for standard industry accounting practices.
D. Depreciation Period
The depreciation period, or average lifetime of a press, can vary substantially depending on whether the
equipment is upgraded or a retrofit is performed. The depreciation period for this calculation will be
based on estimates of the lifetime of a press with no modifications or upgrades other than routine
maintenance. '
V. ENERGY COSTS
The energy usage differences associated with the three inks will be quantified, including that resulting
from the use of dryers, corona treaters, exhaust air blowers, and the presses on standby.
A. Energy consumption
Energy consumption calculations will include the following considerations:
1. Process equipment (dryers, corona)
2. Exhaust air purification (measure the gas used to operate and then divide by the total # of
presses)
3. Temperature conditioning
B. Cost of Electricity and Natural Gas
The average cost of electricity is about .05-.06 per unit, yet this varies considerably depending on the
state. For example, in Michigan electricity costs .08 per unit, while in Ohio, electricity costs .30 per unit.
Natural gas prices experience similar ranges. This type of variation will be noted in the cost analysis, and
readers will be directed to adjust their calculations accordingly.
VI. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL COSTS
Differences hi the costs associated with safety equipment, waste treatment, insurance, liability, and
regulatory compliance for the three ink processes will be dealt with in a qualitative manner. For example,
costs associated with on-site treatment or shipping and off-site treatment may be difficult to quantify in
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APPENDIX 5-A
COST ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
the performance demonstrations for the three inks. Yet, there are some clear differences in the amount
and type of disposal or treatment associated with solvent, water-based, and UV-cured inks. From the
performance demonstrations and from industry reports and articles, these differences will be identified and
presented in a qualitative manner.
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APPENDIX 5-B
SUPPLEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS INFORMATION
Appendix 5-B (Cost Chapter)
Supplemental Cost Analysis Information
This appendix provides details of costs provided in the text of the chapter. Sample calculations are
included to more clearly illustrate the equations shown in Section 5.2. Tables showing cost estimates for
the individual performance demonstrations also are provided.
SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR INK COSTS
For Site 5, solvent-based ink on LDPE:
Ink price (white)
Ink price (color)
Amount of white ink used
Amount of colored ink used
Substrate area covered (white)
Substrate area covered (color)
Image area
= $1.40 per pound
= $2.80 per pound
= 26.6 pounds
= 75.8 pounds
= 39,762ft2
= 74,515ft2
= 2.22 ft2/image
Ink cost per 6,000 images (white) = ink price ($/lb) x (amount of ink used [Ib] / substrate area
covered [ft2]) x 2.22 ft2/image x 6,000 images
= ($1.40/lb) x (26.6 Ibs / 39,762 ft2) X 2.22 ft2/image X 6,000
images
= $12.48 per 6,000 images
Ink cost per 6,000 images (color) = ink price ($/lb) x (amount of ink used [Ib] / substrate area
covered [ft2]) x 2.22 ft2/image x 6,000 images
= ($2.80/lb) X (75.8 Ibs / 74,515 ft2) x 2.22 ft2/image x 6,000
images
= $37.60 per 6,000 images
Ink cost per 6,000 images (total) = $12.47 + $37.60
= $50.07 per 6,000 images-
DETERMINATION OF OVERHEAD RATE
The overhead rate was calculated with data from the National Association of Printers and Lithographers'
NAPLHeatsetandNon-Heatset Web Press Operations Cost Study of 1989-1990, which is presented below,
and with information presented in the chapter. The overhead rate is used in labor cost calculations.
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APPENDIX 5-B
SUPPLEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS INFORMATION
Table 5-B.1 Overhead Costs of an Average Printing Facility
Component
Rent and heat
Fire and sprinkler
insurance
Indirect labor
Direct supplies
Repair to equipment
Comment
$2.50 per square feet; use 1 ,000 square feet for model facility
$4.00 per $1 ,000 of equipment investment cost
10% of direct labor ($156,398)
3% of equipment costs for three shifts
Subtotal
General factory
Administrative and
selling overhead
10% of subtotal
32% of subtotal
Total overhead costs
Cost
$2,500
$2,426
$15,640
$6,000
$18,195
$44,761
$4,476
$14,324
$63 561
Source: NAPL, 1990.
The overhead rate was calculated using the formula shown below. The overhead factor is based on data
from the NAPL study, and the derivation of the wage and fringe are presented in the chapter.
Overhead rate = Overhead factor x (wage + fringe)
where
Overhead factor = Total overhead costs / direct labor cost
= $63,561 / $156,398
= 0.41
Overhead rate = Overhead factor x (wage + fringe)
= 0.41 x ($11.49 + $4.14)
$6.41
SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR LABOR COSTS
For Site 5, solvent-based ink on LDPE:
Labor rate, including overhead = $44.08 per hour (two workers)
Image width = 1.67 feet
Image area = 2.22 fifVimage
Press speed = 400 feet per minute, 24,000 feet per hour
Labor cost per 6,000 images = labor cost per hour ($/hour) 7 ft2 printed per hour x 2.22
flrVimage x 6,000 images
= ($44.08/hour) / (24,000 feet/hour x 1.67 feet) x 2.22 ft2/image x
6,000 images
= $14.69 per 6,000 images
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
5-B, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 5-B
SUPPLEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS INFORMATION
Labor cost per 6,000 ft2 of image =
labor cost per ft2 ($/ft2) x 6,000 ft2
($44.08/hr) / (24,000 feet/hour x 1.67 feet) X 6,000 ft2
= $6.61 per 6,000 ft2 of image .
SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR CAPITAL COSTS
For Site 5, solvent-based ink on LDPE,
Average press speed (solvent-based inks) = 400 feet per minute
Annual capital cost ($/yr) = A - T * — ^
T = total cost (price of press) = $2,600,000
i = interest or depreciation rate = 15%
n = lifetime of equipment = 20 years
A = annual capital cost = $415,000
The hourly capital cost estimates were based on the following calculation:
Capital cost per 6,000 images = C x 2.22 ft2/image x 6,000 images
Capital cost per 6,000 ft2 of image = C x 6,000 ft2
where
C = capital cost per ft2 ($/ft2)
= hourly capital cost ($/hr) x repeat length per ft2 of image (ft/ft2) / average press speed (ft/hr)
and
Annual operating hours = 4,200 hours per year
Hourly capital cost ($/hr) = A ($/yr) / annual operating hours (hr/yr)
= $415,000 per year / 4,200 hours per year
= $99 per hour
C = $99 per hour x (1.33 ft / 2.22 ft2) / (400 ft/min x 60 min/hr)
= $0.0025 per ft2
Capital cost per 6,000 images = C x 2.22 ft2/image x 6,000 images
P V = $0.0025 per ft2 x 2.22 fP/image x 6,000 images
= $33 per 6,000 images
Capital cost per 6,000 ft2 of image = C x 6,000 ft2
= $0.0025 per ft2 X 6,000 ft2
= $15 per 6,000 ft2 of image
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
5-B, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 5-B
SUPPLEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS INFORMATION
SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR ENERGY COSTS
For Site 5, solvent-based ink on LDPE,
Electricity consumption
Natural gas consumption
Electricity cost
Natural gas cost
Image area
Press speed
= 55 kW
= 650,000 Btu per hour
= $0.0448 per kWh
= $3.05 per million Btu
= 2.22 ft2/image
= 400 feet per minute
E = electricity cost ($/kWh) x [electricity consumption (kWh/hour) / press speed (ft/hour)] x repeat
• length per ft2 of image (ft/ft2)
= electricity cost per ft2 ($/ft2)
= $0.000062 per ft2
G = natural gas cost ($/Btu) x [natural gas consumption (Btu/hour) / press speed (ft/hour)] x repeat
length per ft2 of image (ft/ft2)
= natural gas cost per ft2 ($/ft2)
= $0.000050 per ft2
Energy cost per 6,000 images
= (E + G) x 2.22 ft2/image x 6,000 images
= ($0.000062 + $0.000050) x 2.22 ft2/image x 6,000 images
= $1.48 per 6,000 images
Energy cost per 6,000 ft2 of image = (E + G) x 6,000 ft2
= $0.67 per 6,000 ft2 of image
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
5-B, page 4
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 5-B
SUPPLEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS INFORMATION
COST ESTIMATES FOR PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SITES
Tables 5-B.l through 5-B. 13 present the calculated labor, material, capital, and energy
costs for each performance demonstration site. Tables 5-B. 14 and 5-B. 15 present the ink
costs and additive costs, respectively, for each site. Table 5-B. 16 presents the labor costs
for each site. ...
Table 5-B.2 Cost Summary for Water-based Ink at Site V
Cost Category
Labor
Materials ink (white)
ink (other colors)
ink additives
Capital
Energy
Total
Cost per 6,000 images
for OPP
$13.67
$11.49
$9.69
$0.44
$29.46
$0.91
$65.65
Cost per 6,000 Sq.
Feet
for OPP
$6.15
$5.17
$4.35
$0.22
$13.27
$0.41
$29.56
*Water-based ink #2; 55-inch press at 430 feet per minute
Table 5-B.3 Cost Summary for Water-based Ink at Site 2*
Cost Category
Labor
Materials ink (white)
ink (other colors)
ink additives
Capital
Energy
Total
Cost per 6,000
for LDPE for
$14.59
$8.61
$16.80
$0.22
$31.43
$0.97
$72.62
images
PE/EVA
$14.59
$0.00
$16.80
$0.12
$31.83
$0.97
$63.91
Cost per 6,000 sq. feet
for LDPE for
PE/EVA
$6.56 $6.56
$3.87 $0.00
$7.53 $7.53
$0.10 $0.05
$14.16 $14.16
$0.44 $0.44
$32.66 $28.74
*Water-based ink #3; 54-inch press at 403 feet per minute
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
5-B, page 5
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 5-B
SUPPLEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS INFORMATION
Table 5-B.4 Cost Summary for Water-based Ink at Site 3*
Cost Category Cost per 6,000 images
for LDPE for PE/EVA
Labor $26.96 $13.67
Materials ink (white) $12.27 $0.00
ink (other colors) $8.76 $8.76
ink additives $1.51 $0.34
Capital $58.10 $29.46
Energy $1.79 $0.91
Total $109.40 $53.14
Cost per 6,000 sq. feet
for LDPE for
PE/EVA
$12.13 $6.15
$5.52 $0.00
$3.90 $3.90
$0.67 $0.16
$26.17 $13.27
$0.81 $0.41
$49.21 $23.89
*Water-based ink #3; 50-inch press at 21 8 feet per minute (LDPE) and 430 feet per minute
(PE/EVA)
Table 5-B.5 Cost Summary for Water-based Ink at Site 4*
Cost Category Cost per 6,000 images
forOPP
Labor $13.06
Materials ink (white) $12.58
ink (other colors) $15:69
ink additives > $0.60
Capital : $28.15
Energy : $0.87
Total $70.95
Cost per 6,000 sq. feet
for OPP
$5.88
$5.66
$7.05
$0.28
$12.68
$0.39
$31.94
*Water-based ink #1 ; 46-inch press at 450 feet per minute
Table 5-B.6 Cost Summary for Solvent-based Ink at Site 5*
Cost Category Cost per 6,000 images
for LDPE for PE/EVA
Labor" $14.69 $14.69
Materials ink (white) $12.52 $0.00
ink (other colors) $37.94 $37.94
ink additives $2.73 $1.79
Capital $32.93 $32.93
Energy $1.48 $1.48
Total $102.29 $88.84
Cost per 6,000 sq. feet
for LDPE for
PE/EVA
$6.61 $6.61
$5.63 $0.00
$17.08 $17.08
$1.23 $0.81
$14.83 $14.83
$0.67 $0.67
$46.05 $40.00
*Solvent-based ink #2; 24.5-inch press at 400 feet per minute
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
5-B, page 6
September 2000
-------
SUPPLEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS INFORMATION
Table 5-B.7 Cost Summary for UV-cured Ink at Site 6*
Cost Category Cost per 6,000 images
forLDPE forPE/EVA
Labor $17.09 $16.60
Materials ink (white) $27.12 $0.00
ink (other colors) $25.60 . $25.60
ink additives $0.00 $0.00
Capital $38.29 $37.21
Energy $3.33 $3.23
Total $111.42 $82.65
Cost per 6,000 sq. feet
for LDPE for
PE/EVA
$7.69 $7.47
$12.18 $0.00
$11.50 $11.50
$0.00 $0.00
$17.25 $16.76
$1.50 $1.46
$50.12 $37.19
*UV-cured ink #2; 32-inch press at 344 feet per minute (LDPE) and 354 feet per minute
(PE/EVA)
Table 5-B.8 Cost Summary for Solvent-based Ink at Site 7*
Cost Category Cost per 6,000 images
forLDPE for PE/EVA
Labor $13.06 $13.06
Materials ink (white) $8.11 $0.00
ink (other colors) $21.73 $56.26
ink additives $8.49 $5.76
Capital $29.27 $29.27
Enerav $1.31 $1-31
Total $81.97 $105.67
Cost per 6,000 sq. feet
forLDPE for
PE/EVA
$5.88 $5.88
$3.65 $0.00
$9.80 $3.50
$3.82 $2.59
$13.19 $13.19
$0.59 $0.59
$36.93 $25.75
*Solvent-based ink #2; 45.5-inch press at 450 feet per minute
Table 5-B.9 Cost Summary for UV-cured Ink at Site 8*
Cost Category Cost per 6,000 images
for PE/EVA
Labor $22.43
Materials ink (white) $0.00
ink (other colors) $12.10
ink additives $0.00
Capital $50.28
Enerav $4-37
Total $89-18
Cost per 6,000 sq. feet
for PE/EVA
$10.10
$0.00
$5.50
$0.00
$22.65
$1.97
$40.21
*UV-cured ink #3; 25-inch press at 262 feet per minute
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
5-B, page 7
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 5-B
SUPPLEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS INFORMATION
Table 5-B.10 Cost Summary for Water-based Ink at Site 9A*
Cost Category Cost
Labor
Materials ink (white)
ink (other colors)
ink additives
Capital
Energy
Total
per 6,000 images
for OPP
$13.83
$8.50
$6.81
$0.71
$29.80
$0.92
$60.57
*Water-based ink #4; 55-inch press at 425 feet per minute
Table 5-B.1 1 Cost Summary for Solvent-based
Cost Category Cost
Labor
Materials ink (white)
ink (other colors)
ink additives
Capital
Energy
Total
per 6,000 images
for OPP
$14.16
$14.84
$11.48
$2.24
$31.74
$1.43
$75.89
*Solvent-based ink#1; 45.5-inch press at 41 5 feet per minute
Table 5-B.12 Cost Summary for Solvent-based
Cost Category Cost
Labor
Materials ink (white)
ink (other colors)
ink additives
Capital
Energy
Total
per 6,000 images
for OPP
$9.80
$7.15
$19.54
$7.98
$21.96
$0.99
$67.42
Cost per 6,000 sq. feet
for OPP
$6.22
$3.82
$3.03
$0.32
$13.43
$0.41
$27.24
Ink at Site 9B*
Cost per 6,000 sq. feet
for OPP
$6.37
$7.63
$5.55
$1.02
$14.30
$0.64
$35.52
Ink at Site 10*
Cost per 6,000 sq. feet
for OPP
$4.41
$3.68
$9.39
$3.60
$9.89
$0.44
$31.41
*SoIvent-based ink #2; 61-inch press at 600 feet per minute
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
5-B, page 8
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 5-B
SUPPLEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS INFORMATION
Table 5-B.13 Cost Summary for UV-cured Ink at Site 11*
Cost Category
Labor
Materials ink (white)
ink (other colors)
ink additives
Capital
Energy
Total
Cost per 6,000 images
for LDPE
$14.69
$48.07
$24.80
$0.00
$32.93
$2.86
$123.36
Cost per 6,000 sq. feet
for LDPE
$6.61
$21.61
$11.20
$0.00
$14.83
$1.29
$55.55
*UV-cured ink #1; 61-inch press at 400 feet per minute
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
5-B, page 9
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 5-B
SUPPLEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS INFORMATION
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PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
5-B, page 11
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 5-B
SUPPLEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS INFORMATION
Table 5-B.16 Labor Costs for All Performance Demonstration Sites
Ink
Solvent-
based
Water-
based
UV-
cured
Substrate
LDPE
PE/EVA
OPP
LDPE
PE/EVA
OPP
LDPE
PE/EVA
Formulation
Number
#S2
#S2
#S1
#S2
#W3
#W3
#W1
#W2
#W4
#U1
#U2
#1)2
#U3
Site
5
7
5
7
9B
10
2
3
2
3
4
1
9A
11
6
6
8
Press Speed
(ft/min)
400
450
400
450a
415
600
403
218
403
430
450
430
425
400
344
354
262
Cost per
6,000 images
$14.69
$13.06
$14.69
$13.06
$14.16
$9.80
$14.59
$26.96
$14.59
$13.67
$13.06
$13.67
$13.83
$9.80
$17.09
$16.60
$22.43
Cost per
6,000 ft2 of
image
$6.61
$5.88
$6.61
$5.88
$6.37
$4.41
$6.56
$12.13
$6.56
$6.15
. $5.88
$6.15
$6.22
$4.41
$7.69
$7.47
$10.10
"The PE/EVA run for Site 7 was aborted. For this analysis, the press speed was assumed to be
the same as the LDPE run for Site 7.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
5-B, page 12
September 2000
-------
Appendix 6-A (Energy Chapter)
Supplemental Resource and Energy Conservation Information
Table 6-A.1 Ink Consumption for All Performance Demonstration Sites
Substrate
Site
Ink(lbs)
Blue
Green
White3
Cyan
Magenta
Total
(Ibs)
Solvent-based ink
LDPE, PE/EVA
OPP
5
7
9B
10
14.8
13.3
4.8
13.9
18.8
12.5
5.2
16.4
26.6
32.1
47.7
43.2
23.1
11.1
5.0
13.8
19.1
13.9
3.3
14.9
102.4
82.9
66.0
102.2
Water-based ink
LDPE, PE/EVA
OPP
2
3
1
4
9A
15.3
10.6
11.4
13.1
2.7
19.1
10.0
8.6
11.1
2.7
29.0
29.9
56.5
56.4
23.7
10.3
4.8
2.7
6.6
2.4
11.8
3.3
2.6
6.8
2.3
85.5
58.6
81.8
94.0
33.8
UV-cured ink
LDPE, PE/EVA
LDPE
PE/EVA
6
11
8
8.8
5.1
1.1
4-6
5.5
1.0
20.4
37.8
3.6
3.6
1.9
0.8
5.8
1.8
0.6
43.2
52.1
7.1
aWhite ink was not printed on PE/EVA.
Table 6-A.2 Substrate Consumption for All Performance Demonstration Sites
Substrate
Sit
e
Makeready (feet)
LDPE
PE/EVA
OPP
Finished (feet)
LDPE
PE/EVA
OPP
Total
inc. mkrdy
(ft)
Total
not inc.
mkrdy (ft)
Solvent-based ink
LDPE,
PE/EVA
OPP
5
7
9B
10
1,933
2,350
1,930
10,950
21,924
42,000
20,852
8,069
33,641
56,700
44,709
52,419
35,571
67,650
42,776
50,069
33,641
56,700
Water-based ink
LDPE,
PE/EVA
OPP
2
3
1
4
9A
6,050
4,220
600
11,892
6,600
1,250
37,053
26,297
37,132
47,884
51,000
50,760
34,434
80,835
78,401
62,892
57,360
35,684
74,185
74,181
51,000
50,760
34,434
UV-cured ink
LDPE,
PE/EVA
LDPE
PE/EVA
6
11
8
3,964
7,200
800
650
32,432
38,400
2,559
27,261
15,912
6,583
4,265
70,890
45,600
23,536
66,276
38,400
22,736
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-A, page 1
September 2000
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-------
APPENDIX 6-A
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSERVATION INFORMATION
Table 6-A.8 Ink and Additive Consumption for Water-based Ink on OPP at Site 1
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Component
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Total ink used
Total excluding bearer bars
Line (Ibs)
Blue
35.90
0.40
4.00
2.80
L 0.10
43.20
11.70
11.70
29.00
18.00
20.50
23.40
13.21
Green
32.80
2.90
1.00
36.70
14.30
15.50
18.60
19.30
9.64
White
45.70
2.00
0.20
2.20
50.10
45.22a
45.22
24.70
16.70
19.80
67.52
58.17
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
24.70
0.20
0.60
25.60
2.00
2.00
10.00
18.20
21.90
13.90
2.75
Magenta
24.90
0.20
0.50
25.60
8.80
16.40
19.60
13.60
2.69
Total
(Ibs)
164.00
5.50
4.00
3.20
4.40
181.20
13.70
58.92
86.80
84.80
100.40
137.72
86.46
Estimated
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-A, page 7
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-A
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSERVATION INFORMATION
Table 6-A.9 Ink and Additive Consumption for Water-based Ink
on LDPE and PE/EVA at Site 2
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Component
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Total ink used
Line (Ibs)
Blue
21.00
2.50
0.50
0.70
24.70
13.40
13.40
10.30
27.80
Green | White8
19.00
2.00
21.00
13.25
11.20
0.40
0.10
0.55
25.50
18.95
27.55
22.50
1.00
23.50
21.20
9.85
0.65
0.10
0.30
32.10
17.85
0.70
1.60
36.85
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
21.60
1.00
22.60
2.25
0.30
2.55
13.15
12.00
Magenta
21.60
21.60
11.65
0.25
0.30
12.20
15.35
18.45
Total
(Ibs)
105.70
6.50
0.50
0.70
113.40
34.45
48.35
1.05
0.75
1.15
85.75
75.60
0.70
1.60
122.65
"White ink was not printed on PE/EVA.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-A, page 8
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-A
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSERVATION INFORMATION
Table 6-A.10 Ink and Additive Consumption for Water-based Ink
on LDPE and PE/EVA at Site 3
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Total ink used
Component
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Total excluding bearer bars
Line (ibs)
Blue
26.80
0.90
1.50
29.20
0.60
5.60
0.80
7.00
17.00
14.80
14.65
19.35
14.40
Green
34.60
0.50
35.10
5.60
0.60
6.20
25.40~]
15.55"
15.40"
15.90
11.80
White3
88.60
6.60
2.20
97.40
3.70
3.60
3.20
10.50
68.80
3.50
4.10
38.50
36.00
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
43.00
1.10
44.10
3.60
3.60
35.80
13.40
13.65
11.65
5.36
Magenta
35.50
0.20
35.70
5.20
5.20
31.00
14.35"
14.10b
9.90
3.62
Total
(Ibs)
228.50
6.60
1.10
5.30
241.50
3.70
9.40
18.00
1.40
32.50
178.00
31.70
32.40
95.30
71.18
aWhite ink was not printed on PE/EVA.
"not included in calculation
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-A, page 9
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-A
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSERVATION INFORMATION
Table 6-A.11 Ink and Additive Consumption for Water-based Ink on OPP at Site 4
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Component
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Total ink used
Line (Ibs)
Blue
35.20
0.80
36.00
0.60
0.60
19.20
32.40"
36.20
13.60
Green
45.00
0.80
45.80
0.20
0.10
0.30
31.00
26.20a
29.90
11.40
White
45.90
0.80
1.60
48.30
43.00
0.80
1.60
45.40
31.60
20.40a
23.10
59.40
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
42.40
0.80
43.20
0.00
34.00
29.90a
32.40
6.70
Magenta
41.40
0.80
42.20
0.00
32.20
23.1 Oa
26.20
6.90
Total
(Ibs)
209.90
4.00
1.60
215.50
43.00
0.80
1.60
0.80
0.10
46.30
148.00
132.00
147.80
98.00
Table 6-A.12 Ink and Additive Consumption for Solvent-based ink
on LDPE and PE/EVA at Site 5
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Component
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Total ink used
Line (Ibs)
Blue
20.90
2.01
22.91
2.80
2.80
7.55
18.16
Green
22.70
' 2.01
, 24.71
0.00
4.25
20.46
White3
45.00
2.25
47.25
8.25
3.35
11.60
29.40
29.45
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
29.55
2.01
31.56
2.40
2.40
7.45
26.51
Magenta
25.55
2.00
27.55
0.00
4.95
22.60
Total
(Ibs)
143.70
10.28
153.98
8.25
8.55
16.80
53.60
117.18
"White ink was not printed on PE/EVA.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-A, page 10
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-A
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSERVATION INFORMATION
Table 6-A.13 Ink and Additive Consumption for UV-cured Ink
on LDPE and PE/EVA at Site 6
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Component
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Total ink used
Line (Ibs)
Blue
37.65
37.65
28.80
8.85
Green
36.50
36.50
31.90
4.60
White8
50.70
50.70
30.31
20.39
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
25.00
25.00
21.35
t
3.65
Magenta
35.65
35.65
29.90
5.75
Total
(Ibs)
185.50
185.50
142.26
43.24
aWhite ink was not printed on PE/EVA.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-A, page 1,1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-A
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSERVATION INFORMATION
Table 6-A.14 Ink and Additive Consumption for Solvent-based Ink
on LDPE and PE/EVA at Site 7
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Component
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Total ink used
Line (Ibs)
Blue
27.90
27.90
20.00
20.00
25.00
11.23
11.23
22.90
Green
24.85
24.85
20.00
20.00
22.40
11.23
11.23
22.45
White
47.40
47.40
22.30
22.30
22.50
11.23
11.23
47.20
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
25.90
25.90
18.60
18.60
25.50
11.23
11.23
19.00
Magenta
25.25
25.25
18.60
18.60
19.70
11.23
11.23
24 .1 5
Total
(Ibs)
151.30
151.30
99.50
99.50
115.10
56.15
56.15
135.70
Table 6-A.15 Ink and Additive Consumption for UV-cured Ink on PE/EVA at Site 8
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Component
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Total ink used
Line (Ibs)
Blue
9.02
9.02
7.34
1.68
Green
7.10
7.10
6.08
1.02
White"
9.82
9.82
6.26
3.56
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
10.08
10.08
9.28
0.80
Magenta
6.07
6.07
5.42
0.65
Total
(Ibs)
42.09
42.09
34.38
7.71
White ink was not printed on PE/EVA.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-A, page 12
September 2000
-------
A.PPEMDIK6-A.
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSERVATION INFORMATION
Table 6-A.16 Ink and Additive Consumption for Water-based Ink on OPP at Site 9A
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Total ink used
Component
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Line (ibs)
Blue
25.60
4.60
30.20
0.10
0.10
26.90
14.10a
0.20
13.803
3.20
Green
14.60
2.00
0.10
16.70
11.70
14.10
1.20
14.80
3.10
White
60.20
4.20
0.10
64.50
34.70
26.10
2.50
28.00
25.40
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
14.60
4.60
3.60
0.10
22.90
19.20
14.20a
0.40
14.00a
3.30
Magenta
15.60
1.20
0.10
16.90
12.10
14.10
1.40
,15.00
2.50
Total
(Ibs)
130.60
4.20
4.60
11.40
0.40
151.20
0.10
0.10
104.60
54.30
5.70
57.80
37.50
aexcluded from calculation
Table 6-A.17 Ink and Additive Consumption for Solvent-based Ink on OPP
at Site 9B
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Total ink used
Component
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Line (Ibs)
Blue J Green
10.80
2.80
13.60
5.54a
5.20
1.00
6.20
6.06
12.20
5.80
18.00
6.20
5.00
2.00
7.20
7.60
White
74.40
1.00
75.40
19.60
12.60
4.20
16.40
47.80
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
10.00
2.30
12.30
5.40
5.00
0.40
5.40
6.10
Magenta
9.20
4.00
4.60
17.80
7.80
5.00
1.60
6.60
6.80
Total
(Ibs)
116.60
4.00
16.50
137.10
44.54
32.80
9.20
41.80
74.36
aestimated
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-A, page 13
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-A
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSERVATION INFORMATION
Table 6-A.18 Ink and Additive Consumption for Solvent-based Ink on OPP at Site 10
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Component
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Total ink used
Line (Ibs)
Blue
19.00
16.20
1.80
37.00
10.50
4.95
0.55
16.00
26.00
4.00
2.00
4.00
25.00
Green
26.50
7.20
0.80
34.50
7.50
15.30
1.70
24.50
28.50
4.00
2.00
4.00
28.50
White
90.00
15.30
1.70
107.00
30.15
3.35
33.50
73.00
4.00
4.00
67.50
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
19.60
6.50
7.00
33.10
12.00
6.00
9.50
27.50
32.00
4.00
2.00
4.00
26.60
Magenta
19.00
11.50
2.50
33.00
11.00
15.50
26.50
30.00
4.00
4.00
29.50
Total
(Ibs)
174.10
56.70
13.80
244.60
41.00
71.90
15.10
..
128.00
189.50
20.00
6.00
20.00
177.10
Table 6-A.19 Ink and Additive Consumption for UV-cured Ink on LDPE at Site 11
Stage
Makeready
Print run
Clean-up
Component
Ink,
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Sub-total
Ink
Water
Extender
Solvent
Other
Other
Sub-total
Ink remaining
Solution added
Ink scraped out
Ink wiped out
Ink and solution
removed
Total ink used
Line (Ibs)
Blue
42.87
42.87
37.80
1.00a
5.07
Green
46.10
46.10
1.00
1.00
39.60
1.00a
2.00
5.50
White
51.35
51.35
13.52
1.00"
37.83
Process (Ibs)
Cyan
42.86
42.86
41.00
1.00a
1.86
Magenta
42.82
42.82
41.00
1.00a
i
1.82
Total
(Ibs)
226.00
226.00
1.00
1.00
172.92
0.00
2.00
52.08
excluded from calculation
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-A, page 14
September 2000
-------
Appendix 6-B (Energy Chapter)
Clean-Up and Waste Disposal Procedures for Each Site
Sitel
Use the pump to circulate water through the system for each color. After 10 minutes, pump clean water
through once, without recirculating wipe down doctor blade with rag. Remove plastic liner from pan
under doctor blade.
• Employees wear gloves.
• Rags handled by industrial laundry.
• Cleaning solution: water
• Ink is filtered; water sent to POTW and solids are incinerated.
• Annual costs: ~$30,000 for ink treatment and disposal costs
$50,000 for solid/hazardous waste treatment and disposal
Retrofit: done internally — changed dryers to increase air flow; new higher anilox rolls. Do not recognize
cost savings associated with using water-based inks. The cost is actually higher with lower press speeds
and more complex color separations for process printing.
Site 2
Wipe out ink pans with water and alcohol mixture, pushing excess into drain. Scrape ink off of blade;
wipe blade dampened with solution; scrape ink out of ink pan into drain; allow any ink/ink residue in pan
to dry and scrape out later.
Employees wear gloves.
Rags handled by industrial laundry.
Cleaning solution: water and alcohol
Waste ink placed in waste drum and hauled away; off-site incineration.
Annual costs: $10,000 for ink treatment and disposal costs ("40 drums 4
$15,210 for solid/hazardous waste treatment and disposal
$250/drum)
Retrofit: done internally — upgraded dryers to get more air flow through the ovens. Already had doctor
blades that were sufficient. Operators trained on-the-job. It took IVi years to switch all colors and get
acceptable print quality. They didn't lose product, it was just their own internal standards.
Site3
Flush system with ammonium and water blend. Wipe off remaining ink with towels soaked in the same
blend.
• Employees wear gloves.
• Rags handled by industrial laundry.
• Collect waste ink/press clean-up water in containers for pick-up from waste hauler
approximately four times a year. Hauler takes it to the incinerator.
• Nothing is discharged to sewer.
• Annual costs: $6,400 for ink treatment and disposal costs
Retrofit: done internally — they had a press that was previously used for solvent ink. They had to add a
treater, increase the volume of the anilox rolls, and increase/improve the dryer capacity.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-B, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-B
CLEAN-UP AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Site 4
Fill 5-gallon bucket half-way with water. Pump water from bucket through the white print station for 5
min. Stop pumping water. Wipe down anilox rolls, doctor blade with rag soaked in clean water. Move
water bucket (now with white ink in it also) to the magenta station and repeat pumping followed by wiping
process Reuse water bucket for green, cyan, and blue stations.
• Employees wear no personal protective equipment.
• Rags handled by industrial laundry.
• Water/ink mixture is shipped off-site for recovery and incineration; separates water and
solids and incinerates the solids.
• Nothing is discharged to sewer.
• Annual costs: $15,390 for ink treatment and disposal costs
Retrofit: done internally — they upgraded a press that had been used for solvent-based inks by replacing
the anilox rolls.
SiteS
Drain ink pans and scrape down. Flush with solvent, using 5 gallon sumps—four times—send to scrap.
Some rags used for wiping. Sent to waste handling facility (cement kilns). Reutilize usable ink: 35% of
ink issued is returned for reuse. Reclaim some of the solvent for in-house reuse.
• Employees wear recommended eye shields and gloves.
• Rags disposed of in landfill.
• Cleaning solution: solvent cleaning solution (n-propyl alcohol)
No retrofit.
Site 6
Solvent cleaning tank used for UV systems. Dry wipe with rags. Parts and rags are cleaned with spent,
recycled solvent.
• Employees wear eye shields, gloves, and arm protectors.
• Rags washed hi spent alcohol and then laundered for reuse.
• Cleaning solution: solvents; sent off-site to cement kilns.
• Nothing is discharged to sewer.
Retrofit done internally — UV lamps and power supplies; increased working capacity, web cleaner and
pre-treater.
Site 7
Flush out with solvent; dram before laundry.
• Employees wear eye shields and gloves.
• Rags handled by industrial laundry.
• Cleaning solution: solvent; reused about three times, then sent out as hazardous waste.
• Nothing is discharged to sewer.
• Annual costs: $80 per job
No retrofit.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-B, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-B
CLEAN-UP AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
SiteS
Site 8 was a UV press manufacturer's demonstration press in Germany.
« Employees wear gloves.
Site9A
Pump clean with water; wipe anilox with rag of cleaning blend; dispose of waste clean-up water; waste
water disposed through waste hauler.
« Employees wear no personal protective equipment.
• Rags handled by industrial laundry.
• Cleaning solution: water; water/ NPA/ ammonia (80%/17%/3%)
Press wash water-based ink-diluted then discharged to sewer/POTW.
Retrofit: done internally — improve drying oven and blowers.
Site 9B
Same as above except the cleaning solution is solvent (acetate [n-propyl] and alcohol [n-propyl]).
Site 10
In-house batch distillation. Solvent recaptured and reused (ink blend, cleaning). Thick pumpable still
bottom goes to kiln for burning. Color wash: flush and wipe out; solvent goes to distiller; rags go to drain
tank. Drain each color down. Pour 4 Ibs solvent into chamber and circulate. Drain clean-up solvent
down. Wipe out systems using five solvent soaked rags. 5-7 minutes each color.
» Employees wear eye shields and gloves.
• Rags handled by industrial laundry.
• Cleaning solution: solvent (blend made in-house); 100% reused until it loses its
efficiency.
• Nothing is discharged to sewer.
Annual costs: $8,000 for ink treatment/distillation
$15,000 for waste disposal and transportation
No retrofit.
Site 11
Pump ink back to 5 gallon containers. Wipe excess ink off with rags.
• Employees wear eye shields, gloves, and apron.
• Rags handled by industrial laundry .
« Cleaning solution: solvent (alcohol); after several cleanings, the dirty wash is run through
the distilling unit. Solids are taken out.
« Nothing is discharged to sewer.
Bulbs for UV lamps: $300 each
• Doctor blades: ~$300/month; $3,600 annually
• Ink cleaning equipment: distillation still purchased in 1992; ~ $30,000
• Ink cleaning supplies: ~$500/month; $6,000 annually
No retrofit: brand new machine.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-B, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-B
CLEAN-UP AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
This page is intentionally blank.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-B, page 4
September 2000
-------
Appendix 6-C (Energy Chapter)
Pollution Generation Reports
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED—SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Solvent :
.Press Speed 453 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
i. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product—
by Pollution Category and by Medium
Pollution prevented for:
Overall- environment
Human health impacts
Use impairment impacts
Disposal cap'cty impacts
All
Media
ii.
87.
10.
630.
Soil/
Water Grdwater
Kg 5.2 g 630. g
g
Kg . 5 . 2 g
g 630. g
Indoor
Air Air
10. Kg(
87. g(
10. Kg(
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two-significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 1
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED—SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Solvent
Press Speed 453 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
2. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product—
by Pollution Category, by Pollutant and by Medium
Pollution prevented for:
*Overall environment
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Solid wastes
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Human health impacts
Carbon monoxide*
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
*Use impairment impacts
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Disposal cap'cty impacts 630.
Solid wastes
All Soil/
Media Water Grdwater
11.
10.
9.6
1.4
60.
29.
8.8
630.
48.
3.8
87.
9.6
29.
48.
10.
10.
9.6
1.4
60.
29.
8.8
48.
3.8
630.
630.
Kg 5.2 g 630. g
Kg
g
g 1.4 g
g .
g
g
g 630. g
g
g 3.8 g
g
g
g
g
Kg 5.2 g
Kg
g
g 1.4 g
g
g
g
g
g 3.8 g
g 630. g
g 630. g
Air
10.
10.
9.6
60.
29.
8.8
48.
87.
9.6
29.
48.
10.
10.
9.6
60.
29.
8.8
48.
Indoor
Air
Kg(
Kg(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
Kg(
Kg(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
since all numbers
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 2
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Solvent
Press Speed 453 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
3. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product —
by Pollution Category, Pollutant Class, and Pollutant for Overall Environment
Pollution | Pollutant Amount Amount
Category | Class Prevented Pollutant Prevented
Human / Toxic Inorganics
Health i
impacts |
I Toxic Organics
\
77. g
9.6 g
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Carbon monoxide
29.
48.
9.6
g
g
g
/ Acid Rain Precursors 77. g
Use
impairment
impacts
Corrosives
"
Dissolved Solids
Global Warmers
Odorants
Particulates
Smog Formers
Y
Disposal / Solid Wastes
capacity
impacts \
81. g
5.2 g
10. Kg
60. g
8.8 g
99. g
630. g
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
Dissolved solids
Sulfuric acid
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Hydrocarbons
Particulates
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbons
. Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Solid wastes
29.
48.
29.
48.
3.8
1.4
3.8
10.
29.
60.
8.8
9.6
60.
29.
630.
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Kg
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 3
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Solvent
Press Speed 500 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
1. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product-
by Pollution Category and by Medium
Pollution prevented for:
Overall environment
Human health impacts
Use impairment impacts
All
Media
Water
Soil/
Grdwater
Air
Indoor
Air
10. Kg
7.9 g
9.5 Kg
4.7 g
4.7 g
570.
9.5' Kg(
79. g(
9.5 Kg(
Disposal cap'cty impacts 570.
570.
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 4
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
POLLUTION-GENERATED SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
Solvent
Press Speed 500 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
2. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product
by Pollution Category, by Pollutant and by Medium
Pollution prevented for:
*Overall environment
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Solid wastes
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Human health impacts
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
sulfur oxides (SOx)
*Use impairment impacts
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Disposal cap'cty impacts
Solid wastes
All
Media
10.
9.4
8. .7
1.3
55.
26.
8.0
570.
44.
3.4
Kg
Kg
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Water
4.7 g
1.3 g
3.4 g
79.
8.7
26.
44.
9.5
9.4
8.7
1.3
55.
26.
8.0
44.
3.4
570.
570.
g
g
g
g
Kg
Kg
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
4.7 g
1.3 g
3.4 g
Soil/
Grdwater
570. g
Air
9.5
9.4
8.7
Indoor
Air
Kg(
Kg(
g(
570.
570.
570.
55.
26.
8.0
44.
79.
8.7
26.
44.
9.5
9.4
8.7
55.
26.
8.0
44.
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
Kg(
Kg-(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g
g
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear_ incorrect since
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
all numbers
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 5
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED—SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Solvent
Press Speed 500 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
3. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product —
by Pollution Category, Pollutant Class, and Pollutant for Overall Environment
Pollution | Pollutant Amount Amount
Category Class Prevented Pollutant Prevented
Human / Toxic Inorganics 70. g
Health | Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
impacts | Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Toxic Organics 8.7 g
\ Carbon monoxide
/ Acid Rain Precursors 70. g
Use
impairment
impacts
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Corrosives 73. g
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
Dissolved Solids 4 . 7 g
Dissolved solids
Sulfuric acid
Global Warmers 9 . 4 Kg
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Odorants 55. g
Hydrocarbons
Particulates 8.0 g
Particulates
Smog Formers 90 . g
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbons
\ Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Disposal / Solid Wastes 570. g
capacity Solid wastes
impacts \
26. •
44.
8.7
26.
44.
26.
44.
3.4
1.3
3.4
9.4
26.
55.
8.0
8.7
55.
26.
570.
g
g
g
g
q
g
g
g
q
Kq
g
g
g
g
g
g
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 6
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED-SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Water
Press Speed 500 fpra
6000 sq ft processed
1. Pollution
Generated per Unit-of-Use of product-
by Pollution Category and
Pollution prevented for:
Overall environment
Human, health impacts
Use impairment impacts
Disposal cap' cty impacts
All
Media Water
6.8 Kg 2.8 g
48. g
6.5 Kg 2.8 g
340. g
by Medium
Soil/ .
.Grdwater Air
340. g 6.5 Kg (
48. g{
6.5 Kg (
340. g
Indoor
Air
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C,page 7
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED — SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Water
Press Speed 500 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
2. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product
by Pollution Category, by Pollutant and by medium
Pollution prevented for:
*0verall environment
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Solid wastes
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Human health impacts
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
*Use impairment impacts
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Disposal cap'cty impacts 340.
Solid wastes
All
Media
6.8
6.4
5.5
0.81
41. .
16.
4.8
340.
26.
2.0
48.
5.5
16.
26.
6.5
6.4
5.5
0.81
41.
16.
4.8
26.
2.0
340.
340.
Kg
Kg
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Kg
Kg
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Water
2.8 g
0.81 g
2.0 g
2.8 g
0.81 g
2.0 g
Soil/
Grdwater
Air
Indoor
Air
340.
340.
340.
340.
g
g
6.5 Kg(
6.4 Kg(
5.5 g(
41.
16.
4.8
26.
41.
16.
4.8
26.
g(
g(
g(
g(
48. g(
5.5 g(
16. g(
26. g(
6.5 Kg(
6.4 Kg(
5.5 g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 8
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED—SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Water
Press Speed 500 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
3. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product—
by Pollution Category, Pollutant Class, and Pollutant for Overall Environment
Pollution I Pollutant Amount
Category I Class Prevented Pollutant
Human / Toxic Inorganics 43. g
Health I ' Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
impacts | Sulfur oxides (SOx)
| Toxic Organics 5.5 g
\ Carbon monoxide
/ Acid Rain Precursors 43. g
Use
impairment
impacts
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Corrosives 45. g
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
Dissolved Solids 2.8 g
Dissolved solids •
Sulfuric acid
Global Warmers 6 . 4 Kg
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Odorants 41. g
Hydrocarbons
Particulates 4 . 8 g
Particulates
Smog Formers 63 . g
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbons
\ Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Disposal / Solid Wastes 340. g
capacity I Solid wastes
impacts \
Amount
Prevented
16.
26.
5.5
16.
26.
16.
26.
2.0
0.81
"2.0
g
g
g
g
g
g
g .
g
g
g
' 6 . 4 Kg
16. g
41.
4.8
5.5
41.
16.
340.
g
g
g
g
g
g
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 9
September2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED—SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Water
Press Speed 394 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
1. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product-
by Pollution Category and by Medium
Pollution prevented for:
Overall environment
Human health impacts
Use impairment impacts
All
Media
Water
Soil/
Grdwater
Air
Indoor
Air
8.5 Kg
60. g
8.1 Kg
3.5 g
.3.5 g
410,
8.1 Kg(
60. g(
8.1 Kg(
Disposal cap'cty impacts 410. g
410,
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 10
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED—SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Water
Press Speed 394 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
2. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product-
by Pollution Category,, by Pollutant and by Medium
Pollution prevented for:
*Overall environment
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Solid wastes
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Human health impacts
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
*Use impairment impacts
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Disposal cap'cty impacts 410.
Solid wastes
All
Media
8.5
8.0
6.8
1.0
52.
20.
5.9
4.10.
33.
2.5
60.
6.8
20.
33.
8.1
8.0
6.8
1.0
52.
20.
5.9
33.
2.5
410.
410.
Kg
Kg
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Kg
Kg
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Water
3.5 g
1.0 g
2.5 g
3.5 g
1.0 g
2.5 g
Soil/
Grdwater
410. g
Air
8.1 Kg (
8.0 Kg (
6.8 g(
52. g(
20. g(
5.9 g(
Indoor
Air
410.
33.
60.
6.8
20.
33.
52.
20.
5.9
33.
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
8.1 Kg(
8.0 Kg(
6.8 g(
g(
g(
g(
410.
410.
g
g
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may-appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 11
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED—SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
Water
Press Speed 394 fpm
6000 sg ft processed
3. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product —
by Pollution Category, Pollutant Class, and Pollutant for Overall Environment
Pollution | Pollutant Amount Amount
Category j Class Prevented Pollutant Prevented
Human / Toxic Inorganics 53. g
Health | Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
impacts | Sulfur oxides (SOx)
1 Toxic Organics 6.8 g
\ Carbon monoxide
/ Acid Rain Precursors 53. g
Use
impairment
impacts
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Corrosives 56. g
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
'
Dissolved Solids 3.5 g
Dissolved solids
Sulfuric acid
Global Warmers 8 . 0 Kg
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Odor ants 52. g
Hydrocarbons
Particulates 5.9 g
Particulates
Smog Formers 79. g
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbons
\ Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
20.
33.
6.8
20.
33.
20.
33.
2.5
1.0
2.5
8.0
20.
52.
5.9
6.8
52.
20.
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Kg
g
g
g
g
g
g
Disposal / Solid Wastes
capacity |
impacts \
410.
Solid wastes
410.
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 12
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED—SUMMARY REPORT FOR
Use STAGE(S)
UV
Press Speed 500 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
1. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product—
by Pollution Category and by Medium
Pollution prevented for:
All
Media
Water
Soil/
Grdwater
Air
Indoor
Air
Overall environment 18. Kg 15. g
Human health impacts 230. g
Use impairment impacts 16. Kg 15. g
Disposal cap'cty impacts 2.0 Kg
2.0 Kg 16. Kg(
230. g(
16. Kg(
2.0 Kg
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 13
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
POLLUTION GENERATED—SUMMARY REPORT FOR
Use STAGE(S)
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
UV
Press Speed 500 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
2. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product—
by Pollution Category, by Pollutant and by Medium
Pollution prevented for:
All
Media
Water
Soil/
Grdwater
Air
Indoor
Air
*Overall environment
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Solid wastes
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Human health impacts
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
*Use impairment impacts
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Disposal cap'cty impacts
Solid wastes
18.
16.
23.
3.0
20.
70.
27.
2.0
140.
12.
230.
23.
70.
140
16.
16.
23.
3.0
20.
70.
27.
140.
12.
2.0
2.0
Kg
Kg
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
• g
Kg
Kg
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Kg
Kg
15.
3.0 g
2.0 Kg
12.
15.
3.0 g
12.
2.0 Kg
16.
16.
23.
20.
70.
27.
140.
230.
23.
70.
140.
16.
16.
23.
20.
70.
27.
140.
Kg(
Kg(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
Kg(
Kg(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
2.0 Kg
2.0 Kg
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may-appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 14
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED — SUMMARY REPORT FOR
Use STAGE(S)
UV
Press Speed 500 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
3. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product
by Pollution Category, Pollutant Class, and Pollutant for Overall Environment
Pollution |
Category |
Human /
Health I
impacts I
.1
N
/
Use
impairment
impacts
Pollutant
Class
Toxic Inorganics
Toxic Organics
' Acid Rain Precurs
Corrosives
Dissolved Solids
Global Warmers
Odor ants
Particulates
Smog Formers
\
Amount
Prevented
210. g
23. g
ors210. g
220. g
15. g
16. Kg
20. g
27. g
110. g
Pollutant
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
Dissolved solids
Sulfuric acid
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Hydrocarbons
Particulates
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Amount
Preventec
70.
140.
23.
70.
140.
70.
140.
12.
3.0
12.
16.
70.
20.
27-.
23.
20..
70.
i
g
g
g
g
g.
g
g
g
g
g
Kg
g
g
g
g
g
g
Disposal / Solid Wastes
capacity I
impacts \
2.0 Kg
Solid wastes
2.0 Kg
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 15
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED — SUMMARY REPORT
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
UV
Press Speed 340 fpm ' '
6000 sq ft processed
1..Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product-
by Pollution Category and by Medium
Pollution prevented for:
All
Media
Water
Soil/
Grdwater
Air
Indoor
Air
overall environment 27. Kg 22. g
Human health impacts 350. g
Use impairment impacts 24. Kg 22. g
Disposal cap'cty impacts 2.9 Kg
2. 9 Kg 24. -Kg (
350. g(
24. Kg(
2.9 Kg
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 16
September 2000
-------
APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED—SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
UV
Press Speed 340 fpm
6000 sq ft processed
2. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of'product-by Pollution Category, by
Pollutant and by Medium
Pollution prevented for:
*Overall environment
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Solid wastes
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Human health impacts
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
*Use impairment impacts
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Dissolved solids
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Sulfuric acid
*Disposal cap'cty impacts
Solid wastes
All
Media
27.
24.
33.
4.5
29.
100.
40.
2,9
210.
17.
350.
33.
4.5
210
24.
24.
33.
4.5
29.
100.
40.
210.
17.
2.9
2.9
Water
Kg 22. g
Kg
g
g 4.5 g
g
g
g
g
g
g 17. g.
g
g
g
• g
Kg 22 . g
Kg
g
g 4.5 g
g
g
g
g
g 17. g
Kg
Kg
Soil/
Grdwater Air
2. 9 Kg 24.
24.
33.
29.
100..
40.
2.9 Kg
210.
350.
33.
100.
210.
24.
24.
33.
29.
100.
40.
210.
2.9 Kg
2.9 Kg
Indoor
, Air
Kg(
Kg(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
Kg(
Kg(
g(
g(
g(
g(
g(
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may-appear incorrect numbers displayed have
been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 17
September 2000
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APPENDIX 6-C
POLLUTION GENERATION REPORTS
Product:
Unit-of-Use:
Product Life:
POLLUTION GENERATED — SUMMARY REPORT FOR
All Previously Selected Stage(s)
UV
Press Speed 340
6000 sq ft processed
3. Pollution Generated per Unit-of-Use of product
by Pollution Category, Pollutant Class, arid Pollutant for Overall Environment
Pollution | Pollutant Amount Amount
Category Class . Prevented Pollutant Prevented
Human i
Health
impacts
>
/
Use
impairment
impacts
\
t
1 Toxic Inorganics 310. g
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 100. g
Sulfur oxides (SOx) 210. g
Toxic Organics 33 . g
\ Carbon monoxide 33. g
t Acid Rain Precursors 310. g
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 100. g
Sulfur oxides (SOx) 210. g
Corrosives 330. g
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 100. g
Sulfur oxides (SOx) 210. g
Sulfuric acid 17. g
Dissolved Solids 22. g
Dissolved solids 4.5 g
Sulfuric acid 17. g
Global Warmers 24. Kg
Carbon dioxide 24. Kg
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 100. g
Odorants 29. g
• Hydrocarbons 29. g
Particulates 40. g
Particulates 40. g
Smog Formers 170. g
Carbon monoxide 33. g
Hydrocarbons 29. g
\ Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 100. g
Disposal / Solid Wastes 2 . 9 Kg
capacity I Solid wastes 2. 9 Kg
impacts \
NOTE: Some totals in these reports may appear incorrect since all numbers
displayed have been rounded to two significant figures.
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT
6-C, page 18
*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 2000-523-360/95174
September 2000
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