&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics
Washington, DC 20460
February 1995
EPA 745-R-95-003
TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY
Guidance for Reporting Toxic Chemicals within the
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Category
1986 rpR °f thC EmerSency Plannin8 and Community Right-to-Know Act of
1986 (EPCRA) requires certain facilities manufacturing, processing or otherwise
Be±r Wt£ reP°rt thdr envi~tal *4£- of such ScSSS
Beginning with the 1991 reporting year, such facilities also must report pollution
prevention and recycling data for such chemicals, pursuant to section 6607 of the
*"™ ^Ct' 42 U-S'C 13106' When enacted, EPCRA section 313
H °ftOXlC ChemiCalS that Was comP™ed of more than 300
rh^ f H f emf cateS°ries- EPCRA sec«on 313(d) authorizes EPA to add
chemicals to or delete chemicals from the list, and sets forth criteria for these actions
CONTENTS
Section 1. Introduction _
1.1 Who Must Report 9
1.2 Thresholds '•'.......!.!!.... 2
1.3 Chemicals Within the Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds' Cateeoiv' 3
1.4 De Minimis Concentrations 3
Section 2. Guidance for Reporting Chemicals within the Polycyclic Aromatic
Compounds Category 4
2.1 Structural Features of Chemicals within the PACs CateeorV 4
2.2 Formation of PACs e j • • • •
2.3 Formation of PACs from the Combustion of Fuels . . '.'.'.'.'.'.'." 6
2.4 Formation of PACs from Major Industrial Processes ..... 7
Section 3. CAS Number List of Individual Chemicals within the Polycyclic
Aromatic Compounds Category 14
Section 4. CAS Number List of Some Mixtures That Might Contain Chemicals
within the Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Category 15
Recycled/Recyclable
PrintedwithSoy/Canolalnkonpaperthat
contain»aJleast50%iBcycledflber
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Section 1. Introduction
On November 30, 1994 EPA added 286 chemicals and chemical categories which
include 39 chenTcals as part of two delineated categories, to the list of toxic chemicals
subiect to repo^g under section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community
RteM tc!K?OW Aclf of 1986 (EPCRA), 42 U.S.C. 11001. These additions are described at
59 FR 61432, and are effective January 1, 1995 for reports due July 1, 1996. Six
chemical categories (nicotine and salts, strychnine and salts, polycyclic aromatic
-
S?/^^5hS25qR as appropriate, interpretations and guidance that the Agency
determines are necessary to facilitate accurate reporting for these categories This
document constitutes such guidance for the polycyclic aromatic compounds category.
Section 1.1 Who Must Report
A plant, factory, or other facility is subject to the provisions of EPCRA section
313, if it meets §U three of the following criteria:
It conducts manufacturing operations (is include in Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39); and
It has 10 or more full-time employees (or the equivalent 20,000 hours per
year); and
It manufacturers, imports, processes, or otherwise uses any of the toxic
chemicals listed on the EPCRA section 313 list in amounts greater than the
"threshold" quantities specified below.
Section 1.2 Thresholds
Thresholds are specified amounts of toxic chemicals used during the calendar year
that trigger reporting requirements.
If a facility manufactures or imports any of the listed toxic chemicals, the threshold
quantity will be:
25,000 pounds per toxic chemical or category over the calendar year.
If a facility processes any of the listed toxic chemicals, the threshold quantity will
be:
25,000 pounds per toxic chemical or category over the calendar year.
If a facility otherwise uses any of the listed toxic chemicals (without incorporating it
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into any product or producing it at the facility), the threshold quantity is:
10,000 pounds per toxic chemical or category over the calendar year.
EPCRA section 313 requires threshold determinations for chemical categories to
be based on the total of all chemicals in the category manufactured, processed or
otherwise used. For example, a facility that manufactures three members of a'chemical
category would count the total amount of all three chemicals manufactured towards the
manufacturing threshold for that category. When filing reports for chemical categories
the releases are determined in the same manner as the thresholds. One report is filed'
tor the category and all releases are reported on this form.
Section 13 Chemicals Within the Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Category
EPA is providing lists of CAS numbers and chemical names to aid the regulated
community in determining whether they need to report for the polycyclic aromatic
compounds category. The first list includes all individual chemicals within the polycyclic
aromatic compounds category. If a facility is manufacturing, processing, or otherwise
using a chemical which is on this list, they must report this chemical. The second list
includes chemical mixtures which might contain polycyclic aromatic compounds within the
category. If a facility is manufacturing, processing, or otherwise using a mixture which is
on this list and contains a polycyclic aromatic compound from the first list, they must
report the polycyclic aromatic component. However, this list is not exhaustive If a
facility is manufacturing, processing, or otherwise using a mixture that contains a
polycyclic aromatic compound from the first list, they must report the polycyclic aromatic
component, even if the mixture does not appear on the second list.
Section 1.4 De Minimis Concentrations
The polycyclic aromatic compounds category is subject to the 0.1 percent de
mmimis concentration with the exception of dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene which is subject to
the one percent de mmimis concentration. Thus, mixtures that contain members of this
category m excess of the de mmimis should be factored into threshold and release
determinations.
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Section 2. Guidance for Reporting Chemicals within the Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
Category
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are part of the broader class of chemicals
identified afpotycyclic organic matter (POM). POM generally refers to matter identified
intheurban aSPhere,usually as suspended particles, produced from the incomplete
carbons Biphenyl, the simplest example of a biaryl compound, is included on the initial
EPCRA section 313 list. Naphthalene and anthracene, two of the simplest examples of
^cSS^ oompcLh, are also included on the initial EPCRA section 313.
nineteen individual chemicals of the delineated polycyclic aromatic compounds
^STJho EPCRA section 313 list on November 30, 1994 are also examples
of condensed benzenoid compounds.
Section 2.1 Structural Features of Chemicals within the PACs Category
Section 3 lists the nineteen individual chemicals of the polycyclic aromatic
compounds category added to the EPCRA section 313 list. Of the nineteen chemicals
teTarerelativelf staple compounds structurally in that they are composed only of fused
benzene rings (all contain four or five rings). These ten compounds include
benzofluoranthene isomers, dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene, and an mdenopyrene isomer.
PACs can contain atoms other than carbon and hydrogen that either are attached
to a ring or are part of a ring. Aza-arenes are the neutral nitrogen analogs of PACs that
contain only carbon and hydrogen. PACs containing fused 5-membered
nUrS^claming rings such Is carbazole are aromatic. PACs can also contain fused 6-
membered nitrogen helerocycles such as acridine. Of the nineteen chemicals of the
PAcTcSegory, Lee contain fused nitrogen heterocycles. These three compounds
™u7de two dYbenzacridine isomers and one dibenzocarbazole Corner. Nitroarene,> are
PACs which contain one to two attached nitro groups. One mtroarene, 1-nitropyrene, is
included in the PACs category.
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Section 2.2 Formation of PACs
The pyrolysis of hydrocarbon compounds results in the formation of various
carbon-based radical species which quickly combine to form a variety of compounds
including polycyclic aromatic compounds. In general, PACs can be formed from any
pyrolysis or combustion process that involves the burning of organic compounds (those
containing carbon and hydrogen).
Factors Affecting the Quantity of PACs Generated from Pyrolysis and Combustion
Processes. A number of factors influence how much polycyclic aromatic material will be
generated from a given pyrolysis or combustion process. These include the pyrolysis or
combustion method used, method efficiency, temperature range (or maximum),
temperature duration, and material combusted or pyrolyzed. The number of processes
used for industrial and other technical purposes is enormous, and the temperature at
which these processes operate can vary significantly. Operating temperatures for
industrial processes can be roughly categorized as low (several hundred degrees Celsius),
medium (up to 800 or 900 degrees Celsius), and high (greater that 800 or 900 degrees
Celsius). PACs are generated from processes operating in all three of these
temperature ranges, however, the higher temperature processes tend to generate
compounds that are higher in aromatic content. Incomplete or inefficient combustion
processes also tend to generate higher quantities of PACs.
Both the temperature and the duration of the pyrolysis or combustion process will
affect what types of polycyclic aromatic compounds will be generated. Typically only the
most structurally stable PACs (those that are angular in structure such as phenanthrene
and chrysene, and to a certain extent, those that have clustered structures such as
pyrene) will be generated in appreciable quantities from high temperature or long
duration combustion processes. PACs that are the least stable structurally (those that are
linear in structure such as anthracene and tetracene, and those that are highly alkylated)
may be generated initially from high temperature or long duration combustion processes,
but if formed, will most likely equilibrate to more stable structures during these processes
unless they are isolated or released immediately after being formed, (as fugitive emissions,
for example). PACs of low structural stability are generated in more appreciable
quantities from low temperature or short duration combustion processes.
Non-technical Sources of PACs. Non-technical sources of PACs are those that are
not controlled by technological means and consist primarily of forest, brush, and grass
fires.
Technical Sources of PACs. Technical sources of PACs include those from industry
as well as from other technological activities. Technical sources of PACs can be roughly
divided into several categories including fuel combustion, industrial processes, and
miscellaneous sources.
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Listed below are several categories of technical sources that generate PACs and
several specific sources within each category. The lists include the main sources that are
known to generate PACs or are suspected of generating PACs. The lists are by no
means exhaustive. Future data may disclose additional sources from either current or
new technologies.
Section 23 Formation of PACs from the Combustion of Fuels
Fuel combustion is a major source of the energy used in the United States for
transportation and heat and power generation and is a significant source of PAC
emissions. Sources of PAC emissions from the combustion of fuels for transportation
purposes include the following:
• gasoline powered engines (e.g. automobiles)
• diesel engines (e.g. trucks, buses, and construction equipment)
• two-cycle engines (e.g. outboard motors, and motorcycles, lawn mowers).
Key factors affecting the quantity of PAC emissions generated from the above sources
include the efficiency of the engine involved, the operating temperature of the engine,
and the fuel or fuel mixture used. Research begun in the late 1960s and continues today
to develop more efficient engines and fuel mixtures that generate less emissions.
Another source of PAC emissions that is associated with some forms of transportation
but is not part of the actual fuel combustion process is the generation of particulate
emissions from rubber tire wear.
Sources of PAC emissions from the combustion of fuels for heat and power
generation include the use of following materials as fuels:
• coal
• oil
• gas
• wood.
As in the combustion of fuels for transportation purposes, key factors affecting the
quantity of PAC emissions generated from the combustion of fuels for heat and power
generation include the efficiency of the combustion unit and the operating temperature
of the unit. Unit type and combustion temperature can vary significantly depending on
which material is used as the fuel. For each material that is used, unit type and
temperature will also vary significantly depending on whether the heat or power
generated is for industrial, municipal, or residential purposes.
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Section 2.4 Formation of PACs from Major Industrial Processes
Several industrial processes are know to or are suspected of generating significant
quantities of PACs. Industrial sources of PACs include processes involved in the
manufacture of the following materials:
• synthetic fuels from coal processing operations
• synthetic fuels from petroleum refining
• synthetic fuels from feedstocks other than coal and petroleum.
• products other than fuels from coal and petroleum feedstocks
The intent of most coal processing and petroleum refining operations is the conversion of
crude fossil fuels into synthetic fuels of higher commercial value. In addition to coal and
petroleum, several other natural substances as well as a few synthetic materials are used
minimally in the manufacture of synthetic fuels (or are currently being investigated for
this purpose). Subsequent processing of by-products obtained from the manufacture of
synthetic fuels (particularly those manufactured from coal and petroleum) results in a
variety of non-fuel products.
PACs may be generated as emissions (usually particulate) from industrial
processes or may be contained in the intended commercial product or by-products
Process type and temperature are key factors affecting the quantity of PACs generated
In addition, PACs may be present in significant quantities in the crude feedstocks
(particularly crude petroleum feedstocks) used in these industrial processes.
Manufacture of Synthetic Fuels from Coal Processing Operations. Although the
majority of the coal mined in the United States is used directly as a fuel, a significant
quantity is processed into refined solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. Mined coal and coal
dust are natural sources of PACs, however, PACs are known to be generated from
several coal processing operations and are suspected of being generated from others.
Because of the potentially significant variations in the many factors involved in coal
processing operations (such as source of coal, process design, unit efficiency, and process
conditions including temperature and pressure), most processing operations should be
considered possible sources of PACs unless data clearly shows otherwise.
More than 100 specific coal processing operations have been developed These
processes can be roughly categorized into four major areas: thermal decomposition,
hydrogenation, gasification, and extraction. Of the major coal processing operations
developed, the thermal decomposition method (including carbonization or pyrolysis) is
the process that is most likely to generate significant quantities of FACs. Carbonization
is used in the manufacture of coke, a fuel and reductant used in blast furnaces in the iron
and steel industry. By-products from carbonization are typically gaseous in form and can
be a significant source of fugitive PAC emissions. Condensation and rigorous scrubbing
of these gaseous by-products results in the recovery of several mixtures of materials that
include coal tars, light oils, ammonia liquor, and gases. The light oils generated from the
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carbonization process typically contain monocyclic aromatics and crude naphthalene and
may contain small amounts of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic compounds. The
majority of the PACs generated from coal carbonization are contained in the coal tar
product. Other major components in coal tars include phenolics and paraffins.
The carbonization process generally involves destructive distillation of coal in a
coke oven operating at high temperatures (900-1400°C). The mechanism of coal
decomposition is a complex process that is believed to occur via several stages. The
initial stage of decomposition occurs at temperatures between 450 and 500 C. It is m
this temperature range that the radical species that eventually combine to form PACs are
generated. As heating continues, a partially polymerized tar is formed. This
intermediate material formed during the manufacture of coke is a complex mixture ol
hundreds of hydrocarbon species including PACs with 3 to 8 or more condensed aromatic
rings and an average molecular weight of approximately 300. During the last stage of
coal carbonization, the highly polymerized aromatic components that constitute coke are
formed (the molecular weights of these components are typically greater than 3000).
Medium temperature (700-900°C) and low temperature (up to 700°C)
carbonization processes, currently not nearly as common in the United States as the high
temperature process, yield different ratios of solid, liquid, and gaseous products. The
high temperature process typically produces the highest yield of coke and the lowest yield
of coal tar. The relative ratio of the components that constitute the coal tars produced
by each process will also vary with temperature. The low temperature process typically
produces a tar (low temperature tar) that is highest in paraffin and phenolic content
whereas the high temperature process typically yields a tar (high temperature or coke
tar) that is highest in aromatic content.
PACs may be formed from coal gasification, however, in most first and second
generation gasification processes, the oils and tar by-products typical to coal
carbonization processes are formed in insignificant quantities or are not formed at all.
One exception in coal gasification processes is the Lurgi method in which oil and tar by-
products are generated in addition to the intended gasification product, synthesis gas (a
mixture of primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen). As in coal carbonization, PACs
generated from the Lurgi method may be contained in the oils but are most likely to be
found in the crude tars. Analysis of the components in Lurgi gasification oils and tars
shows that these materials are very similar to low temperature carbonization oils and
tars The quantity of polycyclic aromatic material found in Lurgi gasification by-products,
particularly the tar by-product, therefore should less than the quantity found in products
and by-products obtained from higher temperature processes.
PACs also may be formed from coal hydrogenation (liquification) processes,
however, this coal processing method is currently of minimal commercial use in the
United States. The products obtained from coal hydrogenation include gases, coal oil,
and residues. The intended product is an oil suitable for use as a commercial fuel. The
coal oil obtained from the process boils over a large temperature range (175-550 C).
8
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Distillation of coal oil into light, medium, and heavy fractions results in material that can
be upgraded to oils suitable for commercial use as fuels. If PACs are formed from coal
hydrogenation, they most likely will'be found in the medium and heavy distillation
fractions of the coal oil product and in the residues obtained from the hydrogenation. In
comparison to the three carbonization processes, coal hydrogenation is roughly analogous
to the low temperature carbonization with respect to process operating temperature.
The maximum temperature reached during both processes is relatively low, and the
quantity of PACs subsequently formed therefore should be less than the quantity formed
from higher temperature processes.
Manufacture of Synthetic Fuels from Petroleum Refining. Crude petroleum contains
a range of components that include gases (natural gas is occasionally included in this
group), liquids (including oils and tars), and solids (asphalt and bitumen are often
included in this group). The components found in crude oil are enormous in number
and type. Major types of compounds contained in crude oil include paraffins, aromatic
compounds, and, to a lesser extent, sulfur and nitrogen-containing compounds. Almost
every known type of aromatic compound has been found in petroleum including PACs
with two to seven or more condensed aromatic rings. It has been estimated that one-
sixth of the components found in the crude oil distillation fraction boiling from 370 to
535°C are PACs.
In addition to being contained in crude petroleum, PACs are known to be
generated from several petroleum refining processes and are suspected of being
generated from others. The major refining processes are described below. Because of
the potentially significant variations in the many factors involved in petroleum refining
processes (such as source of crude petroleum, refinery design, unit efficiency, and process
conditions including temperature and pressure), most processes should be considered
possible sources of PACs unless data clearly shows otherwise.
The principle products obtained from petroleum refining art? transportation fuels
and heating oils. The petroleum refining processes used to generate these products are
enormous in number and type but can be roughly categorized into three general areas.
Primary distillation separates crude petroleum into numerous fractions including light,
medium, and heavy oils and residues. Conversion processes (usually cracking) convert
components in the distillates into compounds of different molecular weight and boiling
point. Upgrading processes (typically hydrotreating) further refine distillates into
commercial products. PACs contained in crude petroleum may be found in the medium
to heavy oils obtained from primary distillation, but are most likely to be found in the
residues. The residual fraction is usually vacuum distilled to remove additional oil
fractions. Vacuum bottoms may be used as fuel or asphalt or may be converted to coke
by thermal cracking. Medium and heavy oil fractions typically undergo hydrocracking,
steam cracking, or catalytic cracking. Petroleum tars, common by-products from
petroleum cracking, are similar to coal tars and can contain significant quantities of
PACs. After hydrotreating, final products from these cracking processes include gasoline,
diesel and jet fuel, and heating oil.
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Hydrocracking processes convert high molecular weight compounds to lower
boiling materials. Hydrocracking also results in a decrease in the molecular weight of
aromatic compounds (catalytic and steam cracking do not). Process conditions are
similar to hydrotreating but are generally more extreme (higher temperatures and
pressures are used). Products obtained from hydrocracking processes include diesel and
jet fuels and kerosene. In catalytic cracking processes, heavy distillates are converted to
lower molecular weight compounds that have boiling points in the range of gasoline and
middle distillates. Process operating temperatures are in the 480-510°C range. Catalytic
cracking produces approximately half of the gasoline consumed in the United States.
Steam cracking is a thermal process used to generate olefinic compounds used in the
manufacture of petrochemicals. Process operating temperatures are typically 800-850°C.
During catalytic processes (including hydrocracking), the catalyst used becomes
deactivated by deposition of carbon on its active sites. The catalyst is regenerated by
combustion of the deposits at temperatures in the 500-700°C range. During this
regeneration process, PACs are likely to be formed in significant quantities.
Hydrotreating improves the quality of commercial products primarily by removing
sulfur, but also by removing nitrogen, oxygen, and metals. Hydrotreating residues or
crude petroleum will generate lower boiling materials of higher commercial value.
Catalytic hydrotreating typically results in higher selectivity and faster reaction rates than
thermal hydrotreating. If the feedstock used is crude petroleum or residual material, the
catalytic process is often not possible, especially if metal content is high, because of
irreversible deactivation of the catalyst. Typical operating temperatures for hydrotreating
processes are in the 350-500°C range.
Although the general processes described above are the sources in the petroleum
industry that are most likely to generate significant quantities of PACs, other practices in
the industry may also generate PACs and should not be excluded. Flaring waste gas
from petroleum refineries, for example, is a possible source of PAC emissions.
Manufacture of Synthetic Fuels from Feedstocks Other Than Coal and Petroleum. The
major industrial processes used in the United States in the manufacture of synthetic fuels
(described above) use coal and crude petroleum as feedstocks and include petroleum
cracking for the production of fuels for transportation and heat and power generation,
and coal carbonization for the production of coke for the iron and steel industry. Minor
industrial processes for converting materials other than coal and petroleum to synthetic
fuel products have also been developed or are currently under investigation and include
pyrolysis of the following materials:
• biomass
• oil shale
• tar sands
• wood and other cellulose-based materials
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• scrap material
• wastes.
Although the products obtained from pyrolysis of these materials are used primarily as
fuels, other uses may also be possible. The processes used in the pyrolysis of these
materials for fuels are in general more controlled that the direct combustion of these and
similar materials as fuels. The quantity of PACs formed from these processes is, as in
the coal and petroleum processes described, dependent on the specific pyrolysis method
used and the operating temperature of the method.
The pyrolysis of biomass, oil shale, and tar sands results in the formation of solid,
liquid, and gaseous products, however, these materials currently are not utilized in the
commercial manufacture of fuels in the United States. A variety of processing methods
operating in a broad temperature range (450-900°C) are used in the pyrolysis of biomass,
oil shale, and tar sands and include thermal decomposition or coking and, to a lesser
extent, hydrogenation, gasification, and extraction. PACs may be generated from the
pyrolysis of these materials as emissions or may be contained in the heavier liquid and
solid products.
The controlled pyrolysis of wood, and to a lesser extent, bag;asse, typically yields a
solid char or charcoal and can be a source of PAC emissions. Process operating
temperatures typically reach 500°C. Wood tar is a possible by-product from both the
combustion of wood as a fuel and the pyrolysis of wood in the manufacture of charcoal.
Components in wood tar may include PACs.
Products obtained from the pyrolysis of various scrap and waste materials can be
solid, liquid, or gaseous in form and may be acceptable for direct use as fuels.or may be
upgraded to more suitable material. Scrap materials used include plastics and rubber.
Waste materials are usually from municipal sources (wood, paper, and some plastics) or
from agricultural sources (crop residues such as bagasse, rice straw and hulls, grain stalks,
corn cobs, and grasses). PACs may be generated from the pyrolysis of these materials as
emissions or may be contained in the heavier liquid and solid products.
Manufacture of Products Other Than Fuels from Coal and Petroleum Feedstocks. By-
products generated from coal processing and petroleum refining are often used in crude
form as a fuel at the site in which they are produced. The gaseous by-products from the
carbonization of coal, for example, were at one time used as a general gaseous fuel until
the advent of natural gas. Currently, the bulk of coke oven gas produced during
carbonization is returned back to the coke oven as a fuel source or is used for other
industrial heating purposes within the same plant.
By-products from the coal and petroleum industries more often are processed into
materials suitable for various commercial uses other than as fuels. Certain oil fractions
obtained from petroleum refining, for example, are further processed into their individual
components or into simple mixtures for use as solvents or chemical feedstocks.
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Petrochemicals are important commercial products and include various low molecular
weight aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Light oils obtained from coal carbonization
are similarly processed but contribute minimally to the chemical feedstock market
compared to the processing of petroleum oils for the same purpose (other materials
currently under investigation as sources of chemical feedstocks include biomass, oil shale,
and tar sands). As mentioned previously, the by-products obtained from coal processing
and petroleum refining that most likely contain PACs are the medium to heavy oils,
crude tars, and residues.
Coal tars (particularly those obtained from low temperature carbonization) and
petroleum tars are suitable for direct use only as a crude fuel. Utilization of crude tars
for this purpose is typically not practiced in the United States. A more common practice
is to distill tars to separate various liquid fractions from residues or pitch. Tar liquids can
be further fractionated into components that include monocyclic aromatics such as
benzene, toluene, and xylene; hydroxyl-substituted monocyclic aromatics such as phenols,
cresols, and xylols; naphthalene; and pyridine. Pitches can be further processed for use
in asphalt roofing and road applications (described below) or as binders for electrodes
(particularly those used in aluminum smelting). Tars and pitches are also used in wood
preservatives and in the manufacture of carbon black (described below), tar-epoxy
coatings (used primarily in marine applications such as on ships or off-shore structures),
and hydrocarbon resins (used in rubber, adhesives, inks, paints, coatings, and flooring).
Carbon black is used primarily in rubber reinforcement and to a lesser extent as a
colorant for inks, paints, plastics, and paper. Carbon black is generated from the partial
combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons in the gas phase. Process
operating temperatures are typically high (1200-1600°C). Viscous oil and tar by-products
obtained from petroleum refining and coal coking are commonly used as feedstocks in
the manufacture of carbon black. These feedstocks are typically high in aromatic content
and include decant oil (from petroleum cracking in gasoline production), residual
petroleum tars (from steam pyrolysis of petroleum in ethylene manufacture), and coal
tars (from coal carbonization). In addition to being likely components in several of the
feedstocks commonly used in the manufacture of carbon black, PACs may also be
generated from the partial combustion and thermal decomposition processes.
Although specific definitions exist for asphalt and bitumen, the definitions can
vary, and the terms are often used interchangeably. Asphalt is generally defined as any
material whose predominant constituent is bitumen. Bitumen is generally defined as a
dark solid, semi-solid, or viscous material, natural or synthetic, that is composed primarily
of high molecular weight hydrocarbons and includes tars and pitches. More specific
definitions describe asphalt as only naturally-occurring material (such as rock and lake
asphalt; mineral content is high) and bitumen as a product from crude oil (mineral
content is low and hydrocarbon content is high). For the purpose of this document, the
general definitions of asphalt and bitumen apply.
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As mentioned previously, PACs are possible components in the thermally
degraded materials (including coal and petroleum tars and pitches) tbat ^ojm
used in asohalt roofing and road applications. PACs are also generated from several
applications. PACs have been identified from the air-blowmg
to yield material with a higher softening point that is more
^« Procedures used ?n the asphalt mdustry that may
generate PACs includes, for example, asphalt hot-road mixing.
13
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Section 3. CAS Number List of Individual Chemicals within the Polycyclic Aromatic
Compounds Category
pr0vidillS the following list of CAS numbers and chemical names to aid
™ commuiu
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Section 4. CAS Number List of Some Mixtures That Might Contain Chemicals within
the Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Category
EPA is providing the following list of CAS numbers and chemical name*; for
mixtures which might contain polycyclic aromatic compounds within the category. Tins
list wiU aid the regulated community in determining whether they need to report for the
Cyclic aromatif compounds category. If a facility is manufactunng processing, or
otherwise using a mixture which is listed below and contains a polycyclic aromatic
from the previous list of individual chemicals, they must report the polycyclic
ponent However, this list is not exhaustive. If a facility is manufactunng,
ongotherwise using a mixture that contains a polycyclic aromatic compound
from the previous list, they must report the polycyclic aromatic component even if the
mtoe does not appear on the following list. Threshold calculations for the polycyche
a^matic compounds category should account only for the percentage of the polycychc
aromatic component(s) contained in the mixture.
CAS definitions are available for most of the mixtures in the following table
These definitions are provided in an appendix with the CAS numbers and chemical
names of the mixtures.
Listing by CAS Number of Some Mixtures That Might Contain Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds within the
Category7 ===
=====
Mixture Name
Aromatic hydrocarbons. C20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar pitch-polystyrene pyrolysis-derivea
Aromatic hydrocarbons, G20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar pitch-polyethylene pyrolysis-derived
Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar pitch-polyethylene-polypropylene
pyrolysis-derived
Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed arom. oil-polystyrene pyrolysis-derived
Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28. polycyclic. mixed arom. oil-polyethylene pyrolysis-derived
Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed arom. oil-polyethylene-polypropylene
pyrolysis-derived .—__
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, from decompn. of solvent extd. coal tar
pitch-2,4,6-trinitrophenol-reaction products ;
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, from decompn. of iodine-solvent extd. coal-tar pitch
charge-transfer complexes
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, toluene dealkylation distn. residues
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, cyclohexanone-ext. residues
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, alkylnaphthalene-toluene thermal hydrodealkylation distn
residues -—
Petroleum
a
ed
.
tn.
CAS Number ||
130498-29-2
101794-76-7 I
101794-75-6
101794-74-5 1
1|
101794-73-4
101794-72-3
101794-71-2
94113-85-6
94113-84-5
93762-97-1
68409-74-5
68333-90-4
8002-05-9 1
1 It cannot be determined from the mixture name if a chemical from the category is actuaEy contained in the mixture.
15
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Listing by CAS Number of Some Mixtures That Might Contain Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds within the
Category7
Mixture Name
Anthracene oil
Coke (coal tar), low-temp., low-temp, gasification pitch, calcined
Tar bases, coal, low-temp., crude
Tar bases, coal liquefaction, heavy oil fraction
Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent
Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent, reaction products with 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent, reaction products with iodine
Extract residues (coal), liquefaction heavy acid, alk. ext.
Extract residues (coal), naphthalene oil acid, alk. ext.
Distillates (coal tar), low-temp., pitch
Distillates (coal tar), upper, fluorene-low
Distillates (coal tar), high-temp., heavy oils
CAS Number
=====
90640-80-5
150339-33-6
—
141785-66-2
-OHnHHNnB^Hm
140203-34-5
130576-63-5
94113-98-1
94113-97-0
-^^—«^—.—^.a^™
94113-96-9
94113-95-8
140413-63-4
140203-27-6
^^—«^-^—^—^^™_
140203-21-0
140203-20-9
140203-19-6
91995-52-7
91995-51-6
91995-42-5
91995-25-4
90640-86-1
84989-11-7
84989-10-6
Distillates (coal tar), gasification, pitch, full range
Distillates (coal tar), gasification, heavy oils, pyrene fraction
Distillates (coal tar), pitch, pyrene fraction
Distillates (coal tar), pitch, heavy oils
Distillates (coal tar), heavy oils, pyrene fraction
Distillates (coal), liquefaction, heavy
Distillates (coal tar), heavy oils
Distillates (coal tar), upper, fluorene-rich
Distillates (coal tar), upper, fluorene-free
Pitch, coal tar, high-temp., heat-treated
Pitch, mixed brown-coal tar-ethylene manufg. pyrolysis oil distn.
Pitch, brown-coal tar
Pitch, coal tar, high-temp., secondary
Pitch, coal gasification tar, low-temp.
Residues, alkene-alkyne manuf. pyrolysis oil byproduct distn.
Residues, olefin manuf. pyrolysis oil distn.
Residues (coal tar), pitch distn. , M
| 92061-94-4
1 It cannot be determined from the mixture name if a chemical from the category is actually contained in the mixture.
121575-60-8
100403-59-6
—^—^———•^-^«.
100403-58-5
94114-13-3
^^—~~~*^-~~mm^^^
94114-12-2
93686-02-3
92062-01-6
16
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Residues (coal tar), anthracene oil distn
Listing by CAS Number of Some Mixtures That M^Contain Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds within the
Residues (coal), coke-oven gas-polycyclic arom. hydrocarbons reaction products distn
Aromatic hydrocarbons, oolvcvclic. automobile scrap shredder waste pyrolysis products
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, scrap cable pyrolysis
Polyamides, polyester-, wastes, pyrolyzed, pyrolysis oil
Polyamides, polyester-, wastes, pyrolyzed, pitch residue fraction
Polyamides, polyester-, wastes, pyrolyzed, heavy oil fraction
Hydrocarbon oils, arom., mixed with polyethylene, pyrolyzed, middle oil fraction
Hydrocarbon oils, arom., mixed with polystyrene, pyrolyzed, middle oil fraction
Hydrocarbon oils, arom., mixed with polyethylene and polypropylene, pyrolyzed, middle oil fraction
' It cannot be determined from the mixture name if a chemical from the category is actuaUy contained in the mixture
xmnds within the
iction
CAS Number
92061-92-2
92061-88-6
94581-00-7
90989-45-0
100801-78-3
100801-77-2
100801-75-0
101227-14-9
101227-13-8
100801-64-7
17
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1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
References
M.R. Guerin, "Energy Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons," Pofycyclic
Hydrocarbons and Cancer, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1978, vol. 1, pages 3-
QZt*
J.P. Longwell, "The Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by
Combustion," National Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion
Institute, 1982, pages 1339-1350.
M. Blumer, "Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Nature," Scientific American 1976
vol. 234, pages 34-35. ' '
Paniculate Pofycyclic Organic Matter, National Academy of Sciences, Washington,
JL/.^., 19/2.
A. Streitwieser & C.H. Heathcock, Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Macmillan
Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1981, pages 1030-1056.
Rirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons
New York, 1980. '
18
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Appendix
101794-76-7 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar pitch-polystyrene
pyrolysis-derived
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from mixed coal tar
pitch-polystyrene pyrolysis. Composed primarily of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through
C28 and having a softening point of 100°C to 220°C (212°F to 428°F) according to
DIN 52025.
101794-75-6 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar
pitch-polyethylene pyrolysis-derived
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from mixed coal tar
pitch-polyethylene pyrolysis. Composed primarily of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through
C28 and having a softening point of 100°C to 220°C (212°F to 428°F) according to
DIN 52025.
101794-74-5 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar
pitch-polyethylene-polypropylene pyrolysis-derived
Definition: A complex combination hydrocarbons obtained from mixed coal tar
pitch-polyethylene-polypropylene pyrolysis. Composed primarily of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20
through C28 and having a softening point of 100°C to 220°C (212°F to 428°F)
according to DIN 52025.
101794-73-4 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed arom, oil-polystyrene
pyrolysis-derived
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from mixed
aromatic oil-polystyrene pyrolysis. Composed primarily of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through
C28 and having a softening point of 30°C to 140°C (86°F to 284°F) according to
DIN 52025.
101794-72-3 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed arom. oil-polyethylene
pyrolysis-derived
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from mixed
aromatic oil-polyethylene pyrolysis. Composed primarily of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through
C28 and having a softening point of 30°C to 140°C (86°F to 284°F) according to
DIN 52025.
101794-71-2 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed arom.
19
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oil-polyethylene-polypropylene pyrolysis-derived
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from mixed
aromatic oil-polyethylene-propylene pyrolysis. Composed primarily of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20
through C28 and having a softening point of 30°C to 140°C (86°F to 184°F)
according to DIN 52025.
94113-85-6
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, from decompn. of solvent extd. coal tar
pitch-2,4,6-trinitrophenol-reaction products
Definition: A complex combination of organic compounds obtained by addition of
a picric acid solution to the solvent extract of a bituminous coal tar pitch and
decomposition of the precipitated pitch-picric acid reaction product with bases.
Composed primarily of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic compounds.
94113-84-5
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, from decompn. of iodine-solvent extd.
coal-tar pitch charge-transfer complexes
Definition: A complex combination of organic compounds obtained by addition of
iodine solution to the solvent extract of a bituminous coal tar pitch and
decomposition of the precipitated pitch iodine reaction products. Composed
primarily of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic compounds.
93762-97-1 Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, toluene dealkylation distn. residues
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from the distillation
of products from the thermal hydrodealkylation of toluene. It consists
predominantly of bi- and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as diphenyl,
methyldiphenyl, fluorene, and phenanthrene.
68409-74-5 Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, cyclohexanone-ext. residues
Definition: A complex residuum from the cyclohexanone extraction of anthracene
salts. It consists predominantly of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as
anthracene.
68333-90-4
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, alkylnaphthalene-toluene thermal
hydrodealkylation distn. residues
Definition: The complex residuum from the distillation of products from the
thermal hydrodealkylation of alkylnaphthalene and toluene. It consists
predominantly of bi- and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalenes,
biphenyl, fluorene and phenanthrene.
8002-05-9 Petroleum
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons. It consists predominantly of
20
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aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. It may also oontam smal amounts
of nittogen, oxygen and sulfur compounds. This category encompasses light,
and heavy petroleums, as well as the oils extracted from tar sands.
shale oils and liquid coal fuels are not included in this
90640-80-5 Anthracene oil
Definition: A complex combination of polycyclic
from coal tar having an approximate distillation range of
400.degree.C (572.degree.F to 752.degree.F). Composed pnmaiily of
phenanthrene, anthracene and carbazole.
141785-66-2 Tar bases, coal, low-temp., crude
Definition: The reaction product obtained by neutralizing the acidic extract of
alkaSwashed low-temperature coal tar middle oil with an alkaline solution such
a"us7oSum hydroxide, to obtain the free bases. Composed primarily of a
complex mixture of aromatic nitrogen bases.
140203-34-5 Tar bases, coal liquefaction, heavy oil fraction
Definition: The heavy oil obtained by the high pressure *ydTO^tfanrf
bituminous coal is subjected to acid extraction and then neutralized. The crude
basTthus otoined contain polynuclear nitrogen aromatics such as qumolme,
acridine, and phenanthridine.
130576-63-5 Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent
Definition: Solvent extract of bituminous coal tar pitch. Composed primarily of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
94113-98-1 Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent, reaction products with
2,4,6-trinitrophenol
of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
94113-97-0 Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent, reaction products with iodine
Definition: Extract obtained by adding an iodine solution to the solvent extract of
a SSmLous coal tar pitch. Composed primarily of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons.
94113-96-9 Extract residues (coal), liquefaction heavy acid, alk. exit.
21
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from h^ I,'- T ] [011 °btamed by debasinS and dephenolating the heavy oil
from the high pressure hydrogenation of bituminous coal Composed primarily of
unsubstituted and alkyl-substituted aromatic polynuclear hySrbomS "^
partially hydrogenated and may contain heteroatoms.
94113-95-8 Extract residues (coal), naphthalene oil acid, alk. ext.
°fl
by debasinS and dephenolating the middle oil
n of bituminous coal. Composed primarily
™nh *H substituted and unsubstituted aromatic and
naphthemc hydrocarbons and heterocycles as well as paraffinic hydrocarbons
140413-63-4 Distillates (coal tar), low-temp., pitch
o
coal
the heat treatment of low temperature
having an approximate distillation range of lOO.degree.C to
^ Con*osed » - a
140203-27-6 Distillates (coal tar), upper, fluorene-low
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the
S± T ^ °f ^ fraCti0nal distillates from tar oil" Jt consists of aromatic
polycychc hydrocarbons, primarily diphenyl, dibenzofuran and acenaphthenl
140203-21-0 Distillates (coal tar), high-temp., heavy oils
n fraCti0nal distillation of high-temperature coal
dKlllation range of 280.degree.C to 450.degree.C
«rn -degree.F). Composed primarily of tri- and polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds.
140203-20-9 Distillates (coal tar), gasification, pitch, full range
Definition: The distillate obtained during the heat treatment of pitch obtained
f fnr >f S381^1011 tar hav*ng an approximate distillation range of 100 deeree C
^o£^0^GS^'P ? 752-d*Z™V' Composed priity JafoS
and other hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds and aromatic nitrogen compounds.
140203-19-6 Distillates (coal tar), gasification, heavy oils, pyrene fraction
the fracti°nal disti"ation of coal gasification tar
approximate boiling range of 350.degree.C to 450.degree C
f t0 f2^6^66'17)- Composed primarily of phenanthrene and
anthracene homologs, tetranuclear aromatic hydrocarbons which may also contain
heteroatoms, high-boiling aliphatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons "nd polynuS
22
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91995-52-7 Distillates (coal tar), pitch, pyrene fraction
Definition: The redistillate obtained from the fractional distillation of pitch
distillate and boiling in the range of approximately SSO.degree.C to 410.degree.C
(716.degree.F to 770.degree.F). Composed primarily of tri- and polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds.
91995-51-6 Distillates (coal tar), pitch, heavy oils
Definition: The distillate from the distillation of the pitch obtained from
bituminous high temperature tar. Composed primarily of tri- and polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons and boiling in the range of approximately SOO.degree.C to
470.degree.C (572.degree.F to 878.degree.F). The product may also contain
heteroatoms.
91995-42-5 Distillates (coal tar), heavy oils, pyrene fraction
Definition: The redistillate obtained from the fractional distillation of pitch
distillate boiling in the range of approximately SSO.degree.C to 400.degree.C
(662.degree.F to 752.degree.F). Consists predominantly of tri- and polynuclear
aromatics and heterocyclic hydrocarbons.
91995-25-4 Distillates (coal), liquefaction, heavy
Definition: The heavy oil obtained by distillation in the range of approximately
SOO.degree.C to SSO.degree.C (572.degree.F to 1022.degree.F) of coal oil from the
catalytic hydrogenation of coal and coal- derived products. Composed primarily of
polynuclear aromatics and naphthenes. The product contains sulfur, oxygen and
nitrogen compounds.
90640-86-1 Distillates (coal tar), heavy oils
Definition: The distillate from the fractional distillation of coal tar having an
approximate distillation range of SOO.degree.C to 400.degree.C (572.degree.F to
, 752.degree.F). Composed primarily of tri- and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
and heterocyclic compounds.
84989-11-7 Distillates (coal tar), upper, fluorene-rich
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the
crystallization of the fractional distillates from coal tar. It consists of aromatic and
polycyclic hydrocarbons, primarily fluorene and acenaphthene.
84989-10-6 Distillates (coal tar), upper, fiuorene-free
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the
crystallization of ta oil. It consists of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, primarily
diphenyl, dibenzofuran and acenaphthene.
23
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121575-60-8 Pitch, coal tar, high-temp., heat-treated
Definition: The heat treated residue from the distillation of high temperature coal
tar. A black solid with an approximate softening point from SO.degree.C to
180.degree.C (176.degree.F to 356.degree.F). Composed primarily of a complex
mixture of three or more membered condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
100403-59-6 Pitch, mixed brown-coal tar-ethylene manufg. pyrolysis oil distn.
Definition: The residue from the joint distillation of brown coal tar and pyrolysis
residual oil from ethylene plants. Composed primarily of polynuclear aromatic
and naphthenic hydrocarbons which can be alkyl- and vinyl-substituted and can
contain heteroatoms, paraffin hydrocarbons and high-boiling mono- and dinuclear
phenols. It is a black solid with a softening point of 60.deeree.C (140 desree F1
according to DIN 52025. ' ' '
100403-58-5 Pitch, brown-coal tar
Definition: The residue from the distillation of brown coal tar formed by
carbonization up to 1250.degree.C (2282.degree.F). Composed primarily of
polynuclear aromatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons and heterocycles, paraffin
hydrocarbons and high-boiling mono- and dinuclear phenols. It is a black solid
with a softening point of SO.degree.C to 120.degree.C (122.degree.F to
248.degree.F) according to DIN 52025.
94114-13-3 Pitch, coal tar, high-temp., secondary
Definition: The residue obtained during the distillation of high boiling fractions
from bituminous coal high temperature tar and/or pitch coke oil, with a softening
point of 140.degree. to ITO.degree.C (284.degree.F to 338.degree.F) according to
DIN 52025. Composed primarily of tri- and polynuclear aromatic compounds
which also contain heteroatoms.
94114-12-2 Pitch, coal gasification tar, low-temp.
Definition: The residue from the distillation of bituminus coal pressure
gasification tar. A black solid with a softening point of greater than 60.degree.C
(140.degree.F) according to DIN 52025 and composed primarily of a complex
mixture of polynuclear aromatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons that may be alkyl
substituted and may contain heteroatoms, high boiling aliphatic hydrocarbons and
polynuclear phenols.
93686-02-3 Residues, alkene-alkyne manuf. pyrolysis oil byproduct distn.
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as a residue from
the distillation of residual oils that are obtained by the pyrolytic recovery of
alkenes and alkynes from mineral oil products or natural gas. It consists
predominantly of tri- and polynuclear aromatic and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons
24
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and has a softening point approximately SO.degree.C to ISO.degree.C
(140.degree.F to 356.degree.F) according to DIN 52025.
92062-01-6 Residues, olefin manuf. pyrolysis oil distn.
Definition- A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as a residue from
Se Slation of residual oils that are obtained by the pyrolytic recovery of
alkenes and alkynes from petroleum products or natural gas. It consists
pSminan^f tri- and ^olynuclear aromatic and ^^^^^
having a softening point of 20.degree.C to 60.degree.C (68.degree.F to
140.degree.F) according to DIN 52025.
92061-94-4 Residues (coal tar), pitch distn.
Definition: Residue from the fractional distillation of pitch distillate boiling in the
range of approximately 400.degree.C to 470.degree.C (752.degree.F to
878xLgree F). Composed primarily of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and
heterocyclic compounds.
92061-92-2 Residues (coal tar), anthracene oil distn.
Definition: The residue from the fraction distillation of crude anthracene boiling
STe approximate range of 340.degree.C to 400.degree.C (644.degree F to
752 degree.F). It consists predominantly of tri- and polynuclear aromatic and
heterocyclic hydrocarbons.
92061-88-6 Residues (coal), coke-oven gas-polycyclic arom. hydrocarbons reaction
products distn.
to 122 degree F . The residue consists predominantly of substituted aromatic di-
and polynuclear hydrocarbons and sulfur-containing compounds.
94581-00-7 Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, automobile scrap shredder waste
pyrolysis products
Definition- Pyrolysis product obtained from the thermal treatment of the organic
£±?£d£S£r waste arising from automobile scrap. Composed primarily of
mono- to tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their alkyl derivatives.
90989-45-0 Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, scrap cable pyrolysis;
Definition: Fraction formed by the thermal treatment of scrap cables at about
700°C (1292°F) with extensive exclusion of air. Consists chiefly of mono- to
25
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tetranuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and their alkyl derivatives.
100801-78-3 Polyamides, polyester-, wastes, pyrolyzed, pyrolysis oil
Definition: The oil obtained from the pyrolysis of textile wastes from a
polyarmde/polyester fiber mixture at 600.degree.C to SOO.degree.C (1112.degreeF
to 1472.degree.F). It consists predominantly of benzene and naphthalene and
their homologs, benzonitrile and other di- and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
100801-77-2 Polyamides, polyester-, wastes, pyrolyzed, pitch residue fraction
Definition: A residue from the distillation of textile waste pyrolysis oil. It consists
predominantly of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons boiling in a range above
350.degree.C (662.degree.F).
100801-75-0 Polyamides, polyester-, wastes, pyrolyzed, heavy oil fraction
Definition: A fraction from the distillation of textile waste pyrolysis oil. It consists
predominantly of benzonitrile, naphthalene and homologs and other di- and
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons boiling in the range of 200.degree C and
350.degree.C (392.degree.F to 662.degree.F).
101227-14-9 Hydrocarbon oils, arom., mixed with polyethylene, pyrolyzed, middle oil
fraction
Definition: The oil obtained from the heat treatment of polyethylene with
aromatic oils. It consists predominantly of naphthalene and its homologs,
1,3-diphenylpropane and other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons boiling in a
range of approximately 200.degree.C to 400.degree.C (392.degree F to
752.degree.F).
101227-13-8 Hydrocarbon oils, arom., mixed with polystyrene, pyrolyzed, middle oil
fraction
Definition: The oil obtained from the heat treatment of polystyrene with aromatic
oils. It consists predominantly of naphthalene and its homologs,
1,3-diphenylpropane and other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons boiling in a
range of approximately 200.degree.C to 400.degree.C (392.degree F to
752.degree.F).
100801-64-7 Hydrocarbon oils, arom., mixed with polyethylene and polypropylene
pyrolyzed, middle oil fraction
Definition: The oil obtained from the heat treatment of a
polyethylene/polypropylene mixture with aromatic oils. It consists predominantly
of naphthalene and its homologs, 1,3-diphenylpropane and other polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons boiling in a range of approximately 200.degree C to
400.degree.C (392.degree.F to 752.degree.F).
26
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