United States :
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pollution ,
Prevention and Toxics'
(7408) "
EPA 745rR-96-002
June 1996 .V V:.;•",..'
1994 Toxics Release Inventory
Public Data Release
•*«..! M>u «-,
-------
PUBLIC
THE TOXICS
TO
INVENTORY
TRI Reports and Data Products
Product
1994 TRI Executive Summary
1994 TRI Public Data Release
(annual report)
1994 State Fact Sheets
1987-1993 TRI CD-ROM
1994 State Data Files
1994 Federal
Facilities Disk
TRI Information Kit
dBASE
Lotus
dBASE
Lotus
Supplier
U.S. EPA
EPCRA
Hotline
U.S. GPO
NTIS"
U.S. GPO
U.S. GPO
NCEPI
Contact Information
(800) 535-0202
Fax Document Requests
Only: (703) 412-3333
(202) 512-1800
(703) 487-4650
(202) 512-1530
(202) 512-1530
(513)489-8180
Fax:(513)489-8190
Order Information
EPA 745/S-96-001 (Free)
EPA 745/R-96-002 (Free)
EPA 745/F-96-001 (Free)
S/N 055-000-00508-7 ($38)
PB 95503793 ($45)
$15-$ 17 /state
Up to 67 disks for all states
$15-17. Call for quote.
EPA 749-F-94-002 (Free)
Note: The 1987-1994 CD-ROM, containing the latest available data, will be published in August 1996.
Accessing TRI Data Online
Data from Online Providers
Internet Address
Special Notes
Right to Know Network (RTKNET) -
Provides public access to TRI and related
environmental data bases to community
groups concerned about toxics. For more
information, call (202) 797-7200.
ftp://ftp.rtknet.org
gopher://gopher.rtknet.org
http://www.rtk.net
Set computer parameters to
8,N,1 and log in as "public."
No charge for Internet access.
Direct access by modem >.
at (202) 234-8570; phone :
charge may apply.
National Library of Medicine (NLM) -
Offers state of the art, user friendly searching
of complete TRI data base. For more
information, call (301)496-6531.
toxnet.nlm.nih.gov
$ 18-$20 per hour charge.
Password required.
U.S. EPA Internet Server - Access a variety
of reports, data files, and TRI information
from EPA. For more information, call
TRI-US at (202) 260-1531.
ftp://ftp.epa.gov
gopher://gopher.epa.gov
http://www.epa.gov
\pub\gopher\TRI_Chem
EPA/OPPTS/TS/TRI
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
1994
Toxics Release
Inventory
Public Data Release
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (7408)
Washington, DC 20460
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CONTENTS
List of Tables v
List of Figures xi
List of Boxes xiii
1994 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY PUBLIC DATA RELEASE: INTRODUCTION .. 1
What is the Toxics Release Inventory? 3
Who Must Report? 4
What Must be Reported? 4
What are the Benefits and Uses of the Data? 4
What are the Limitations of the Data? 5
Program Accomplishments and Future Directions 5
How Can I Obtain Additional TRI Information? 6
CHAPTER 1: 1994 TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS 7
Introduction 9
What to Consider When Using TRI Data 9
Toxicity of the Chemical 9
Exposure Considerations 9
1994 National Overview 14
1994 TRI Data by State 14
Releases and Transfers 14
Movement of Transfers Among States 22
Releases by County , 27
1994 TRI Data by Industry 28
Multiple SIC Codes 32
Top 50 Facilities 33
Top 10 Parent Companies 40
1994 TRI Data by Chemical 41
Ammonia Reporting 41
Use, Toxicity, and Environmental Fate Information 41
Chemical-Specific Data Tables 47
Metals and Metal Compounds 56
Ozone Depleters 63
OSHA Carcinogens 68
Releases and Transfers of All TRI Chemicals 76
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Contents
CHAPTER 2: PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF
TRI CHEMICALS IN WASTE , 91
Introduction 93
What Waste Management Information is Collected? 94
Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste 94
National Overview 94
State, Industry, and Chemical-Specific Data 101
Comparing Waste Management Data to Release and Transfer Data 134
Understanding What Specific Elements Mean 135
Source Reduction Activities : 136
Relating Waste Generation to Production 157
Understanding the Production Ratio 157
Comparing Waste Generation to Value of Shipments 157
Assessment of Progress in Source Reduction 159
Calculating an Indicator of Changes in Quantities of Toxic Chemicals in Waste ... 159
Changes in Quantities of Toxic Chemicals in Waste at the National Level 162
CHAPTER 3: YEAR-TO-YEAR COMPARISON OF TRI DATA 165
Introduction 167
Chemical List Changes 167
Threshold Changes 168
New Transfer Types 168
National Overview 169
Total Releases 169
Total Transfers ............. 169
Facilities and Forms 169
Releases by Media , 169
Transfers by Type 176
Changes in Releases and Transfers by State 177
1993-1994 Comparisons 177
1988-1994 Comparisons 177
Change in Releases and Transfers by Industry 183
1993-1994 Comparisons 183
1988-1994 Comparisons. 183
Facilities with Greatest Changes in Releases 200
Relationship of TRI Releases to Changes in Production 217
Changes in Releases and Transfers by Chemical 220
1993-1994 Comparisons 220
1988-1994 Changes 220
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Contents
CHAPTER 4: TRI REPORTING PROFILES FOR 33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS . 271
Introduction 273
Summary of Findings 274
33/50 Program's National 50% Reduction Goal Achieved Ahead of Schedule . 274
33/50 Program Chemicals Outpace Other TRI Reductions 275
33/50 Program Participants Account for Most Reductions 275
Air Emissions Account for Majority of 33/50 Program Reductions 276
Organic Chemicals Dominate Inorganics in 33/50 Program Reductions 276
33/50 Program Chemicals in Production-related Waste Projected to Decline... 276
33/50 Program Chemicals Targeted for Greater Source Reduction Activities... 277
Company Participation in the 33/50 Program 277
Numbers of Companies Participating 277
Reductions Pledged by Participating Companies 277
Actual Reductions Outpacing Pledges 279
33/50 Program Participants Are Continuing Their Reductions 279
33/50 Program Releases and Transfers 279
33/50 Program Chemical Releases and Transfers, by Medium/Transfer Type
and by Chemical 280
Transfers to Energy Recovery and Recycling 283
33/50 Program Chemicals in Waste 289
33/50 Program Chemicals in Waste, by Medium/Management Method
and by Chemical 293
Source Reduction Reporting for 33/50 Program Chemicals 302
Source Reduction Activities 302
Methods Used to Identify Source Reduction Opportunities 303
Looking to the Future: Wrapping Up 33/50 and Looking to a Next Generation 303
National Conference 304
33/50 Program Company Profiles 305
33/50 Program Success Stories 305
For More Information 308
CHAPTER 5: TRI REPORTING BY FEDERAL FACILITIES 311
Introduction 313
1994 National Overview 314
Reporting by Agencies and Facilities 315
Reporting by Department of Defense Facilities 318
Reporting by Department of Energy Facilities 319
Top Facilities 321
Reporting by State 321
Reporting by Industrial Activity 321
Reporting by Chemical 321
Release and Transfer Data from Contractor-operated Facilities 325
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Contents
CHAPTER 5: TRI REPORTING BY FEDERAL FACILITIES, CONTINUED
Waste Management and Pollution Prevention Data 331
Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste 335
Comparisons Between Federal Agencies for Chemicals in Waste 338
Source Reduction at Federal Agencies 338
Future Efforts 338
APPENDIX A: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A-1
Industry Expansion A-1
The Federal Facilities Executive Order A-3
Federal Acquisition and Community Right-to-Know Executive Order A-4
Pollution Prevention A-5
Materials Accounting A-9
Alternate Threshold Rule A-10
TRIList of Chemicals A-12
Air Emissions A-17
Water Discharges A-2Q
Underground Injection A-23
Solid and Hazardous Waste A-25
Exposure and Health Effects A-27
33/50 Program A-30
Compliance and Enforcement A-33
APPENDIX B; PUBLIC ACCESS TO THE TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY B-1
Accessing Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Products and Services B-2
Assistance Services B-2
Federal Depository Libraries B-3
Electronic Media B-3
On-line Services B-4
Printed Media B-7
APPENDIX C: TRI DATA QUALITY PROGRAM C-1
Identification and Assistance to Facilities C-1
DataEntry Quality Activities C-1
Correction and Normalization of Data C-1
Accuracy Evaluation C-2
Compliance Activities C-3
Iv
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Contents
APPENDIX D: USES OF TRl DATA D-1
Introduction D-1
Public Awareness D-1
Voluntary Emissions Reductions D-2
Pollution Prevention Targeting , D-3
Legislation and Regulation D-3
Education D-4
Risk Screening D-4
Environmental Justice Analysis D-6
Geographic Information Systems , D-6
Enforcement and Compliance D-6
"Green Indexing" D-7
Taxes and Fees D-8
APPENDIX E: REGULATORY MATRIX: TRI CHEMICALS IN OTHER FEDERAL
PROGRAMS E-1
APPENDIX F: TRI FORM R FOR 1994 F-1
APPENDIX G: EPA REGIONAL OFFICE AND STATE TRI CONTACTS G-1
EPA Regional Section 313 Coordinators G-1
State TRI Public Contacts G-3
TABLES
CHAPTER 1: 1994 TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Table 1-1. TRI Releases, 1994 14
Table 1-2. TRI Transfers, 1994 , 15
Table 1-3. TRI Releases by State, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered) 18
Table 1-4. TRI Transfers by State, 1994 19
Table 1-5. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land by State, 1994 20
Table 1-6. TRI Releases by State, 1994 (Ordered by Total Release) 21
Table 1-7. Transfers of TRI Chemicals in Waste Within a State, 1994 23
Table 1-8. Receipt of TRI Chemicals in Waste from Out of State, 1994 24
Table 1-9. Total Transfers of TRI Chemicals Received, Including Intrastate Transfers
and Transfers into the State, 1994 25
Table 1-10. Transfers of TRI Chemicals in Waste Out of State, 1994 26
Table 1-11. States with Net Imports of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1994 27
Table 1-12. States with Net Exports of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1994 28
Table 1-13. Top 50 U.S. Counties for TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994 31
Table 1-14. TRI Releases by Industry, 1994 32
Table 1-15. TRI Transfers by Industry, 1994 " 33
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TABLES, CONTINUED.
Table 1-16. TRI Releases in Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SIC 28),
by Three-Digit SIC Code, 1994 , 35
Table 1-17. Top 25 Combinations of Multiple Two-Digit SIC Codes 20-39
for TRI Releases, 1994 35
Table 1-18. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994 36
Table 1-19. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Total Releases, 1994 38
Table 1-20. Top 10 TRI Parent Companies with the Largest
Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994 40
Table 1-21. Top 10 TRI Parent Companies with the Largest Total Releases, 1994 41
Table 1-22. Adjusted Ammonia Releases, 1994 43
Table 1-23. Top 50 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994 48
Table 1-24. Top 50 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Total Releases, 1994 49
Table 1-25. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Emissions to Air, 1994. 50
Table 1-26. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Discharges to Surface Water, 1994 50
Table 1-27. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest On-site Underground Injection, 1994 .. 51
Table 1-28. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest On-site Releases to Land, 1994 51
Table 1-29. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-site Transfers
for Recycling, 1994 52
Table 1-30. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-site Transfers
for Energy Recovery, 1994 52
Table 1-31. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-site Transfers
forTreatment, 1994 53
Table 1-32. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-site Transfers to
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs), 1994 53
Table 1-33. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-site Transfers for Disposal, 1994 .. 54
Table 1-34. TRI Releases of Metals and Metal Compounds, 1994 58
Table 1-35. TRI Transfers of Metals and Metal Compounds, 1994 59
Table 1-36. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land of Metals and Metal Compounds,
by State, 1994 60
Table 1-37. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land of Metals and Metal Compounds,
by Industry, 1994 62
Table 1-38. TRIReleases of Ozone Depleters, 1994 64
Table 1-39. TRI Transfers of Ozone Depleters, 1994 65
Table 1-40. TRI Releases to Air of Ozone Depleters, by State, 1994 66
Table 1-41. TRI Releases to Air of Ozone Depleters, by Industry, 1994 68
Table 1-42. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land of OSHA Carcinogens, 1994 72
Table 1-43. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land of OSHA Carcinogens, by State, 1994 ... 74
Table 1-44. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land of OSHA Carcinogens,
by Industry, 1994 76
Table 1-45. Releases and Transfers of All TRI Chemicals, 1994 78
vi
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Contents
TABLES, CONTINUED.
CHAPTER 2: PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TRI CHEMICALS IN WASTE
Table 2-1. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1993-1996 97
Table 2-2. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1994 98
Table 2-3. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991, 1993-1996 .. 99
Table 2-4. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste,
by State, 1993-1996 102
Table 2-5. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste,
by Industry, 1993-1996 114
Table 2-6. Top 25 TRI Chemicals Reported as Recycled, 1994 118
Table 2-7. Top 25 TRI Chemicals Reported as Used for Energy Recovery, 1994 119
Table 2-8. Top 25 TRI Chemicals Reported as Treated, 1994 120
Table 2-9. Top 25 TRI Chemicals Reported as Released (Includes
Off-site Disposal), 1994 121
Table 2-10. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by Chemical, 1994 122
Table 2-11. Difference in Release and Transfer Data and Waste Management Data, 1994 .. 134
Table 2-12. Facilities and Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1991-1994 138
Table 2-13. Facilities and Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity,
by Category, 1994 138
Table 2-14. Methods Used to Identify Source Reduction Activity for Each
Source Reduction Activity, 1994 140
Table 2-15. Number of TRI Facilities and Forms Reporting Source Reduction,
by State, 1994 142
Table 2-16. Number of Times Source Reduction Activity Reported, by Category,
by State, 1994 143
Table 2-17. Methods Used to Identify Reported Source Reduction Activities,
by State, 1994 144
Table 2-18. Number of TRI Facilities and Forms Reporting Source Reduction,
by Industry, 1994 146
Table 2-19. Number of Times Source Reduction Activity Reported, by Category,
by Industry, 1994 147
Table 2-20. Methods Used to Identify Reported Source Reduction Activities,
by Industry, 1994 148
Table 2-21. Number of TRI Facilities Reporting Source Reduction, by Industry,
1991-1994 150
Table 2-22. Number of TRI Forms Reporting Source Reduction, by Industry,
1991-1994 151
Table 2-23. Top 50 TRI Chemicals for Number of Forms Reporting
Source Reduction Activities, 1994 152
Table 2-24. Number of Times Source Reduction Activity Reported, by Category,
for the Top 50 TRI Chemicals for Forms Reporting
Source Reduction Activities, 1994 153
VII
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Contents
TABLES, CONTINUED.
Table 2-25. Methods Used to Identify Source Reduction Activities for the Top 50
TRI Chemicals by Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction
Activities, 1994 154
Table 2-26. Distribution of Production Index, 1994 158
Table 2-27. Ratio of Production to Total Production-related Waste, by Industry,
1991, 1993,1994 160
Table 2-28. Growth Rates in Ratio of Production to Total Production-related Waste,
by Industry, 1991-1994. 161
Table 2-29. Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste from 1993 to 1994
for Facilities Reporting Source Reduction Activities 164
Table 2-30. Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste from 1993 to 1994
for Facilities Not Reporting Source Reduction Activities 164
CHAPTER 3: YEAR-TO-YEAR COMPARISON OF TRI DATA
Table 3-1. Comparison of TRI Releases and Transfers, 1993-1994 170
Table 3-2. Comparison of TRI Releases, Excluding Two IMC-Agrico Plants
in Louisiana, 1993-1994 170
Table 3-3. Comparison of TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988,1992-1994 171
Table 3-4. Comparison of TRI Releases, Excluding Two IMC-Agrico Plants
in Louisiana, 1988,1992-1994 171
Table 3-5. Top 10 Chemicals for Decreases in Total Air Emissions, 1993-1994 175
Table 3-6. Top 10 Chemicals for Decreases in Surface Water Discharges, 1993-1994 175
Table 3-7. Top 10 Chemicals for Increases in Underground Injection, 1993-1994 175
Table 3-8. Top 10 Chemicals for Increases in Releases to Land, 1993-1994 175
Table 3-9. Change in Total TRI Releases by State, 1993-1994 , .... 178
Table 3-10. Change in Total TRI Releases by State, 1988-1994 180
Table 3-11. TRI Releases and Transfers by State, 1988,1992-1994 184
Table 3-12. Change in Total TRI Releases by Industry, 1993-1994 194
Table 3-13. Change in Total TRI Releases by Industry, 1988-1994 195
Table 3-14. TRI Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1988,1992-1994 196
Table 3-15. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Decrease in Total Air/Water/Land
Releases, 1993-1994 202
Table 3-16. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Increase in Total Air/Water/Land
Releases, 1993-1994 208
Table 3-17. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Decrease in Underground Injection,
1993-1994 212
Table 3-18. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Increase in Underground Injection,
1993-1994 215
Table 3-19. Ratio of Releases to Value of Production, by Industry, 1988,1993, 1994 ..... 218
Table 3-20. Growth Rates in Ratio of Releases to Production, by Industry, 1988-1994
and 1993-1994 219
viil
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Contents
TABLES, CONTINUED.
Table 3-20. Growth Rates in Ratio of Releases to Production, by Industry, 1988-1994
and 1993-1994 219
Table 3-21. Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Decreases in Total Releases, 1993-1994 221
Table 3-22. Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Increases in Total Releases, 1993-1994 221
Table 3-23. Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Decreases in Total Releases, 1988-1994 222
Table 3-24. Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Decreases in Number of Forms Submitted,
1988-1994 222
Table 3-25. Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Increases in Total Releases, 1988-1994 223
Table 3-26. Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Increases in Number of Forms Submitted,
1988-1994 223
Table 3-27. Change in TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases for Ozone Depleters,
1988-1994 224
Table 3-28. Change in TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases for Carcinogens with
Largest 1994 Total Air/Water/Land Releases, 1988-1994 225
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988, 1992-1994 226
CHAPTER 4; TRI REPORTING PROFILES FOR 33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS
Table 4-1. Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals Compared to
Other TRI Chemicals, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1994 280
Table 4-2. TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals,
1988,1990, 1993, 1994 284
Table 4-3. Total Production-related Waste for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Compared to Other TRI Chemicals, 1991, 1993-1996 293
Table 4-4. Quantity of 33/50 Program Chemicals Recycled On- and Off-site,
by Chemical, 1991, 1993-1996 295
Table 4-5. Quantity of 33/50 Program Chemicals Used for Energy Recovery
On- and Off-site, by Chemical, 1991, 1993-1996 296
Table 4-6. Quantity of 33/50 Program Chemicals Treated On- and Off-site,
by Chemical, 1991, 1993-1996 297
Table 4-7. Quantity of 33/50 Program Chemicals Released/Disposed of,
by Chemical, 1991, 1993-1996 298
Table 4-8. Quantity of 33/50 Program Chemicals in Production-related Waste,
by Chemical, 1991, 1993-1996 298
Table 4-9. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, by
33/50 Program Chemical, 1991-1994 304
Table 4-10. Number of TRI Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity,
by Category, by 33/50 Program Chemical, 1994 305
Table 4-11. Methods Used to Identify Source Reduction Activity, by 33/50
Program Chemical, 1994 306
IX
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Contents
TABLES, CONTINUED.
CHAPTER 5: TRI REPORTING BY FEDERAL FACILITIES
Table 5-1. TRI Releases from Federal Facilities, 1994 315
Table 5-2. TRI Transfers from Federal Facilities, 1994 315
Table 5-3. TRI Releases and Transfers from Federal Facilities Compared to
All Other TRI Facilities, 1994 316
Table 5-4. TRI Releases from Federal Facilities, by Federal Agency, 1994 317
Table 5-5. TRI Transfers from Federal Facilities, by Federal Agency, 1994 317
Table 5-6. TRI Releases from Department of Defense Facilities, 1994 319
Table 5-7. TRI Transfers from Department of Defense Facilities, 1994 319
Table 5-8. Total Releases for U.S. Department of Energy Facilities Reporting
to TRI, 1993 and 1994 320
Table 5-9. Top 50 Federal Facilities with the Largest Total TRI Releases, 1994 322
Table 5-10. Top 50 Federal Facilities with the Largest Total TRI Transfers, 1994 324
Table 5-11. TRI Releases from Federal Facilities, by State, 1994 326
Table 5-12. TRI Transfers from Federal Facilities, by State, 1994 328
Table 5-13. TRI Releases from Federal Facilities, by Two-Digit SIC Code, 1994 330
Table 5-14. Top 25 TRI Chemicals with Largest Total Releases from
Federal Facilities, 1994 332
Table 5-15. Top 25 TRI Chemicals with Largest Total Releases from
Federal Facilities, by Agency, 1994 332
Table 5-16. Top 25 TRI Chemicals with Largest Total Transfers from
Federal Facilities, 1994 333
Table 5-17. Top 25 TRI Chemicals with Largest Total Transfers from
Federal Facilities, by Agency, 1994 333
Table 5-18. TRI Releases and Transfers from Federal Facilities, Contractor Reports
Compared to Government Reports, 1994 334
Table 5-19. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, from
Federal Facilities, 1993-1996 335
Table 5-20. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste from Federal Facilities
Compared to All TRI Facilities, 1994 335
Table 5-21. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste,
by Federal Agency, 1993-1996 336
Table 5-22. Number of Federal Facilities and Form Reporting Source Reduction,
by Federal Agency, 1994 339
Table 5-23. Number of Times Source Reduction Activity Reported, by Category,
by Federal Agency, 1994 ,. 339
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Contents
FIGURES
CHAPTER 1: 1994 TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Figure 1-1. On-site Releases and Off-site Transfers Reported to TRI 10
Figure 1-2. Distribution of TRI Releases, 1994 14
Figure 1-3. Distribution of TRI Transfers, 1994 15
Figure 1-4. TRI Releases by State, 1994 16
Figure 1-5. TRI Transfers by State, 1994 17
Figure 1-6. Top 10% of U.S. Counties for Total Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994 30
Figure 1-7. TRI Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1994 34
Figure 1-8. Top 25 TRI Facilities with the Largest Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994 37
Figure 1-9. Top 25 TRI Facilities with the Largest Total Releases, 1994 39
Figure 1-10. TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases of Metals and Metal Compounds
by State, 1994 61
Figure 1 -11. Top Industries for TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases of
Metals and Metal Compounds, 1994 62
Figure 1-12. TRI Releases to Air of Ozone Depleters, by State, 1994 67
Figure 1-13. TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by State, 1994 75
Figure 1-14. Top 10 Industries for TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases of
OSHA Carcinogens, 1994 77
CHAPTER 2: PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TRI CHEMICALS IN WASTE
Figure 2-1. Waste Management Hierarchy 93
Figure 2-2. Waste Management Information Collected under TRI 95
Figure 2-3. Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by Activity, 1994 97
Figure 2-4. Quantities of TRI Chemicals Managed in Waste, Actual and Projected,
1991-1996 100
Figure 2-5. Top 10 Industries for Total Production-related Waste, 1994 113
CHAPTERS: YEAR-TO-YEAR COMPARISON OF TRI DATA
Figure 3-1. Distribution of TRI Releases, 1988-1994 172
Figure 3-2. Distribution of TRI Releases, Excluding Releases from
Two Louisiana Facilities, 1988-1994 173
Figure 3-3. TRI Facilities Reporting and Forms Submitted, 1988-1994 174
Figure 3-4. Percent Change in Total TRI Releases by State, 1993-1994 179
Figure 3-5. Percent Change in Total TRI Releases by State, 1988-1994 181
Figure 3-6. Total TRI Releases, 1988-1994, of Top Five States for
Total Releases in 1994 182
XI
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Contents
FIGURES, CONTINUED.
CHAPTER 4: TRI REPORTING PROFILES FOR 33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS
Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-2.
Figure 4-3.
Figure 4-4.
Figure 4-5.
Figure 4-6.
Figure 4-7.
Figure 4-8.
Figure 4-9.
Figure 4-10.
Figure 4-11.
Figure 4-12.
Figure 4-13.
Figure 4-14.
Figure 4-15.
TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals, 1988-1994 ..
Percent Change in Total Production- related Waste, 33/50 Chemicals vs.
Other TRI Chemicals, 1991-1996
33/50 Program Participant Status, January 1996
Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals Compared to
Other TRI Chemicals, 1988-1994
Comparison of Reductions in Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program
Chemicals vs. Other TRI Chemicals,
TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals,
by Chemical, 1988-1994
Percentage Change in Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program
Chemicals: Organics vs. Inorganics, 1988-1994
Percentage Change in Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program
Chemicals, 1988-1994
TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals,
by Release Medium and Transfer Type, 1988-1994
Percentage Change in Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program
Chemicals by Release Medium or Transfer Type, 1988-1994
Contribution to Reductions in Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program
Chemicals by Release Medium or Transfer Type, 1988-1994
Total Production-related Waste, 33/50 Program Chemicals,
Actual and Projected, 1991-1996
Percentage Change in Total Production-related Waste, 33/50 Program
Chemicals, Actual and Projected, 1991-1996
Quantities of 33/50 Program Chemicals Managed in Waste,
by Management Type, Actual and Projected, 1991-1996
Percentage Change in Waste Management Practices, 33/50 Program
Chemicals, 1991-1996
CHAPTER 5: TRI REPORTING BY FEDERAL FACILITIES
Figure 5-1. Distribution of TRI Releases from Federal Facilities, 1994
Figure 5-2. Distribution of TRI Transfers from Federal Facilities, 1994
Figure 5-3. Top Four Federal Agencies for TRI Releases, 1994
Figure 5-4. Top Four Federal Agencies for TRI Transfers, 1994
Figure 5-5. Distribution of TRI Releases from Department of Defense Commands, 1994 .
Figure 5-6. Distribution of TRI Transfers from Department of Defense Commands, 1994,
Figure 5-7. Top 25 Federal Facilities for Total TRI Releases, 1994
Figure 5-8. TRI Releases from Federal Facilities, 1994
Figure 5-9, TRI Transfers from Federal Facilities, 1994
275
276
278
281
282
288
289
290
291
292
292
299
300
301
302
316
316
318
318
320
320
323
327
329
xii
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Contents
BOXES
CHAPTER 1: 1994 TRl RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Box 1-1. An Explanation of Releases : 11
Box 1-2, An Explanation of Transfers 12
Box 1-3. An Explanation of the Modification to the Reporting Requirements
for Aqueous Ammonia and the Delisting of Ammonium Sulfate (Solution)
and Ammonium Nitrate (Solution) 42
Box 1-4. Potential Adverse Human Health and Environmental Effects of the
Top 25 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994 44
Box 1-5. Potential Adverse Human Health and Environmental Effects of
TRI Metals and Metal Compounds ; 57
Box 1-6. Basis of OSHA Carcinogen Listing for Individual Chemicals 70
CHAPTER 2: PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TRI CHEMICALS IN WASTE
Box 2-1. What Does This Waste Management Information Represent? 96
Box 2-2. What is Source Reduction? 136
Box 2-3. Source Reduction Activity Codes 137
Box 2-4. Methodology for Counting Elements of Source Reduction Reporting 156
Box 2-5. Calculating Changes in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Relative to Production 162
CHAPTER 3: YEAR-TO-YEAR COMPARISON OF TRI DATA
Box 3-1. Reasons Facility Release and Transfer Estimates Change 201
CHAPTER 4: TRI REPORTING PROFILES FOR 33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS
Box 4-1. 33/50 Program Highlights: 33/50 Hits the Mark! : 273
Box 4-2. 33/50 Program Chemical Identities 283
CHAPTER 5: TRI REPORTING BY FEDERAL FACILITIES
Box 5-1. Two-Digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes Reported
by Federal Facilities, 1994 331
XI!)
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1994 Toxics Release Inventory
Public Data Release
Introduction
Illllll
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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1994 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY
PUBLIC DATA RELEASE:
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS THE
TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY?
The Toxics Release Inventory, or TRI, is a
publicly available database that contains
specific toxic chemical release and transfer
information from manufacturing facilities
throughout the United States. This inventory
was established under the Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986
(EPCRA), which Congress passed to promote
planning for chemical emergencies and to
provide information to the public about the
presence and release of toxic and hazardous
chemicals in their communities.
Following passage of the Pollution Prevention
Act of 1990, the TRI was expanded to include
mandatory reporting of additional waste
management and pollution prevention activities.
The information collected under these laws can
be used by the public to identify facilities and
chemical release patterns that warrant further
study and analysis. Combined with hazard and
exposure information, TRI has proven to be an
invaluable tool for risk identification.
Each year, manufacturing facilities meeting
certain thresholds must report their estimated
releases and transfers of listed toxic chemicals
to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
and to the state or tribal entity in whose
jurisdiction the facility is located. The TRI list
for 1994 included 343 chemicals and 22 chemi-
cal categories. A separate report, called a Form
R, is required for each chemical the facility has
manufactured, processed, or otherwise used in
amounts exceeding the thresholds.
Reports for each calendar year are due by July 1
of the following year. After completion of data
entry and data quality assurance activities, EPA
makes the data available to the public in printed
reports, in a computer database, and through a
variety of other information products. States
also make available to the public copies of the
forms filed by facilities in their jurisdiction.
This document summarizes data collected for
calendar year 1994. Industry reporting forms for
1994 were due to EPA and the states by July 1,
1995, This document also provides basic data
for the two preceding years (1992 and 1993) and
for the baseline year (1988) for comparison
purposes. Although the first data were collected
for calendar year 1987, 1988 has been selected
as the baseline year because of concerns about
the data quality of industry's first-year
submissions. The on-line computer database and
the CD-ROM version of the database contain
the data collected for all years, including years
not summarized in this report.
3
-------
Introduction
33
WHO MUST REPORT?
Manufacturing facilities that have the equivalent
of 10 or more full-time employees and meet the
established thresholds for manufacturing,
processing, or otherwise using listed chemicals
must report their releases and transfers. Manu-
facturing facilities are defined as facilities in
Standard Industrial Classification primary codes
20-39, which include, among others: chemicals,
petroleum refining, primary metals, fabricated
metals, paper, plastics, and transportation
equipment. Thresholds for manufacturing and
processing are currently 25,000 pounds for each
listed chemical, while the threshold for other-
wise using is 10,000 pounds per chemical.
Beginning with the 1995 reporting year, certain
facilities will be able to take advantage of an
alternate reporting threshold.
WHAT MUST BE REPORTED?
Each year, facilities report to TRI the amounts
of toxic chemicals released to the air, water and
land and the amounts of chemicals transferred
off-site for treatment and disposal. Facilities
provide extensive identifying information, such
as name, location, type of business, contact
names, name of parent company, and environ-
mental permit numbers. They also provide
information about the manufacture, process, and
use of the listed chemical at the facility and the
maximum amount of the chemical on-site
during the year. Facilities also provide informa-
tion about methods used to treat waste at the site
and the efficiencies of those treatment methods.
In addition to information about the amount of
toxic chemicals sent off-site, facilities also must
specify the destinations of those transfers.
Beginning with the 1991 reports, facilities were
required to provide additional information about
source reduction activities and about waste
management activities such as recycling.
Companies must also provide a production
index that can help relate changes in reported
quantities of toxic chemicals in waste to
changes in production. These additional data
elements facilitate tracking of industry progress
in reducing waste generation and moving
towards safer management alternatives. While
not an absolute measure of pollution prevention,
the additional data provide new insight into the
complete toxics cycle.
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS
AND USES OF THE DATA?
The TRI program gives the public unprece-
dented direct access to toxic chemical release
and transfer data at the local, state, regional, and
national level. Responsible use of this
information can allow the public to identify
potential concerns, gain a better understanding
of potential risks, and work with industry and
government to reduce toxic chemical releases
and the risks associated with them. When
combined with hazard and exposure data, this
information can allow informed environmental
priority setting at the local level.
Federal, state, and local governments can use
the data to compare facilities or geographic
areas, to identify hotspots, to evaluate existing
environmental programs, to more effectively set
regulatory priorities, and to track pollution
control and waste reduction progress. TRI data,
in conjunction with demographic data, can help
governments and the public identify potential
environmental justice concerns.
Industry can use the data to obtain an overview
of use and release of toxic chemicals, to identify
and reduce costs associated with toxic waste, to
identify promising areas of pollution prevention,
to establish reduction targets, and to measure
and document progress toward reduction goals.
The public availability of the data has prompted
many facilities to work with their communities
-------
to develop effective strategies for reducing
environmental and human health risks posed by
toxic chemical releases.
WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS
OF THE DATA?
While the TRI includes more than 75,000
reports from about 23,000 facilities each year, it
captures only a portion of all toxic chemical
releases nationwide. Facilities with fewer than
10 employees and facilities that do not meet
chemical thresholds are not required to file TRI
reports. Non-manufacturing facilities currently
are not required to report, although EPA is
examining industry groups for possible addition
to the reporting requirements. TRI does not
account for toxic emissions from automobiles
and many other non-industrial sources. Not all
toxic chemicals are listed under TRI, although
chemical coverage was greatly expanded for the
1995 reporting year.
TRI requires the reporting of estimated data and
does not mandate that facilities monitor their
releases. Various estimation techniques are used
where monitoring data are not available, and
EPA has published estimation guidance for the
regulated community. Variations between
facilities can result from the use of different
estimation methodologies. Some facilities may
not be fully complying with the reporting
requirements. These factors should be taken into
account when considering data accuracy and
completeness.
As discussed above, the TRI data summarized in
this report reflect chemical releases, transfers,
and waste management activities that occurred
in the 1994 calendar year. Release and transfer
patterns can change dramatically from one year
to the next, so it is important to recognize that
current facility activities may be different than
those reported for 1994.
Introduction
TRI reports reflect releases of chemicals, not
exposures of the public to those chemicals.
Release estimates alone are not sufficient to
determine exposure or to calculate potential
adverse effects on human health and the
environment. Although additional information is
necessary to assess exposure and risk, TRI data
can be used to identify areas of potential
concern.
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
EPA faced considerable challenges to the TRI
program in 1995. Budget uncertainties and two
separate Federal government shutdowns resulted
in significant delays for many program efforts.
The TRI program faced more specific
challenges in 1995 in the form of proposed
legislation and multiple lawsuits which, if
successful, would have resulted in the deletion
of a significant number of EPCRA section 313
chemicals. Four separate industry lawsuits were
filed in 1995 challenging various portions of the
1994 rule which added 286 chemicals and
chemical categories to the EPCRA section 313
toxic chemical list. On April 30, 1996, the four
lawsuits were defeated on all counts.
On August 8, 1995, President Clinton, Vice
President Gore, and Administrator Browner
traveled to Baltimore to announce the signing of
Executive Order 12969 on Federal Acquisition
and Community Right-to-Know. This Executive
Order requires Federal contractors whose
facilities are currently covered under EPCRA
section 313 to continue to file TRI reporting
forms for the life of their contracts. The
President also signed a directive to the
Administrator to expedite two major initiatives:
consideration of the rulemaking for adding to
the list of currently covered facilities, and
development and implementation of an
expedited, open, and transparent process for
considering reporting of chemical use
information.
5
-------
Introduction
Both of these efforts have been high priorities
for EPA, and the President's emphasis
heightened efforts to move these two projects
forward. Throughout 1995, EPA continued its
industry expansion effort by refining its analysis
of new industries under consideration for addi-
tion to the reporting requirements. EPA also
continued to conduct a dialogue with interested
parties, including a public meeting in May, and
numerous meetings with industry representa-
tives and environmental, community, and labor
organizations. EPA is focused on operations
within mining, oil and gas exploration and
production, electric utilities, waste management,
bulk terminals, solvent recovery, and other
industries which manufacture, process, or
otherwise use TRI chemicals. EPA remains
committed to this dialogue, and is moving
forward with a proposed rulemaking in 1996.
Phase IE Expansion, the effort where EPA is
considering adding chemical use information to
TRI, does not yet have a schedule for develop-
ing a proposed rulemaking. A report to the
President was submitted in early October laying
out issues involved in this effort, and two public
meetings have been held (one in 1994) to solicit
views from industry and other members of the
public. EPA is currently examining the
comments received on a second issues paper,
and will be looking further at the experience of
state programs which collect chemical use
information. Continued dialogue with industry
and other interested parties is anticipated in
1996, as EPA weighs the value and benefits of
this type of data for TRI.
EPA also continued to look for ways to further
reduce TRTs burden on industry. An evaluation
of each of the original chemicals on the TRI list
against the statutory listing criteria will be
completed in 1996. This analysis will poten-
tially result in the removal of chemicals from
the section 313 list which do not meet the listing
criteria. EPA also deleted or modified three
chemicals and chemical categories on the
section 313 list in 1995, and more petition
actions are likely in 1996.
EPA anticipates developing regulatory defini-
tions and guidance to implement the Pollution
Prevention Act of 1990. The regulated commu-
nity has reported on waste quantities managed
since 1991. EPA will now provide definitions
and a standard method for performing the waste
calculations necessary for completing the Form
R. This effort will greatly improve the utility of
the currently collected data.
HOW CAN I OBTAIN
ADDITIONAL TRI INFORMATION?
This report contains 1994 TRI data and limited
comparison data for 1988, 1992 and 1993. The
TRI data are available in an on-line computer
database and in a variety of common computer
and hard copy formats, to ensure that everyone
can easily use the information. Information
about accessing the TRI database is provided on
the inside front cover of this book, as well as in
Appendix B. The TRI User Support Service
(202-260-1531) can provide assistance in
accessing and using the TRI data.
To request copies of TRI and EPCRA docu-
ments or to obtain further information about the
program, contact the toll-free Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Information Hotline at 1-800-535-0202.
Other potential sources of TRI information
include the state EPCRA section 313 contact,
the EPA Regional Office, or the facility itself.
Information about EPA Regional and state
EPCRA section 313 contacts is found in
Appendix G.
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Chapter 1
1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
II Illllll III
fo >
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Page Intentionally Blank
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1994 TRI RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides information reported by
facilities for calendar year 1994 on releases of
toxic chemicals at the facility and transfers of
chemicals in waste to off-site locations for
further processing or disposal. This chapter
begins with an overview of the 1994 national
TRI release and transfer data and then provides
more detailed analysis broken down by state, by
industry, and by chemical. Comparisons of the
1994 data to data from previous years are
provided in Chapter 3 of this report. Data
reported by federal government facilities are
examined in more detail in Chapter 5 of this
report.
Figure 1-1 illustrates the media to which on-site
releases can occur and the types of off-site
transfers for waste management that are
reportable to TRI. Box 1-1 is a description of
the on-site releases reportable to TRI and the
types of activities that may contribute releases
to various media. Box 1-2 is a listing of those
off-site transfers for waste management or
further processing that are reportable to TRI and
are covered in this chapter.
WHAT TO CONSIDER
WHEN USING TRI DATA
Users of TRI information should be aware that
the TRI data reflect releases and transfers of
chemicals, not exposures of the public to those
chemicals. The TRI data, in conjunction with
other information, can be used as a starting
point in evaluating exposures that may result
from releases and transfers of toxic chemicals.
The evaluation of exposures to these chemicals
is one factor in determining potential risks. The
determination of potential risk depends upon
many factors, including the toxicity of the
chemical, the fate of the chemical after it is
released, and the human or other populations
which are exposed to the chemical after its
release. The following are some of the factors
that should be considered when reviewing TRI
data:
Toxicity of the Chemical
The TRI list consists of chemicals that vary
widely in their ability to produce toxic effects.
* Some high-volume releases of less toxic
chemicals may appear to be a more serious
problem than lower-volume releases of
highly toxic chemicals, when just the
opposite may be true.
* For example, phosgene is toxic in smaller
quantities than methanol, and a comparison
between these two chemicals for setting
hazard priorities or estimating potential
health concerns may be misleading on the
basis of volume released alone.
Exposure Considerations
* Potential degradation or persistence of the
chemical in the environment.
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Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
On-site Releases
Off-site Transfers
Disposal
Recycling
Energy
Recovery
Figure 1-1. On-site Releases and Off-site Transfers Reported to TRI.
10
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Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
An Explanation of Releases
Releases. A release is an on-site discharge of a toxic chemical to the environment. This includes emissions
to the air, discharges to bodies of water, releases at the facility to land, as well as contained disposal into
underground injection wells. Releases are reported to TRI by media type. The left side of Figure 1-1 illustrates
these release types.
Releases to Air. Releases to air are reported either as stack or fugitive emissions. Stack emissions are
releases to air that occur through confined air streams, such as stacks, vents, ducts, or pipes. Fugitive emissions
are all releases to air that are not released through a confined air stream. Fugitive emissions include equipment
leaks, evaporative losses from surface impoundments and spills, and releases from building ventilation systems.
Releases to Water. Releases to water include discharges to streams, rivers, lakes, oceans, and other bodies
of water. This includes releases from contained sources, such as industrial process outflow pipes, or open
trenches. Releases due to runoff, including stormwater runoff, are also reportable to TRI.
Underground Injection. Underground injection is a contained release of a fluid into a subsurface well for
the purpose of waste disposal. Wastes containing TRI chemicals are injected into either Class I wells or Class V
wells. Class I wells are used to inject liquid hazardous wastes or dispose of industrial and municipal waste-
waters beneath the lowermost underground source of drinking water. Class V wells are generally used to inject
non-hazardous fluid into or above an underground source of drinking water. Currently, TRI reporting does not
distinguish between these two types of wells, although there are important differences in environmental impact
between these two methods of injection.
Releases to Land. Releases to land occur within the boundaries of the reporting facility. Releases to land
include disposal of toxic chemicals in landfills (in which wastes are buried), land treatment/application farming
(in which a waste containing a listed chemical is applied to or incorporated into soil), surface impoundments
(which are uncovered holding areas used to volatilize and/or settle waste materials), and other land disposal
methods (such as spills, leaks, or waste piles).
Box 1-1. An Explanation of Releases.
Exposure to a chemical is dependent upon
the chemical being available. The potential
for exposure is greater the longer the chemi-
cal remains unchanged in the environment.
Sunlight, heat, or microorganisms may or
may not decompose the chemical.
• For example, microorganisms readily
degrade some chemicals, such as
methanol, into less toxic chemicals;
volatile organic chemicals, such as
ethylene and propylene, react in the
atmosphere, contributing to the forma-
tion of smog; metals are persistent and
will not degrade upon release to the
environment.
• As a result, smaller releases of a
persistent highly toxic chemical may
create a more serious problem than
larger releases of a chemical that is
rapidly converted to a less toxic form.
* Bioconcentration of the chemical in the food
chain.
As a chemical becomes incorporated in the
food chain, it may concentrate or disperse as
it moves up the food chain.
• Some chemicals, such as mercury, will
accumulate as they move up the food
chain.
11
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Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
An Explanation of Transfers
Off-site Transfers. An off-site transfer is a transfer of toxic chemicals in wastes to a facility that is
geographically or physically separate from the facility reporting under TRI. Chemicals reported to TRI as
transferred are sent to off-site facilities for the purposes of recycling, energy recovery, treatment, or disposal.
The quantities reported represent a movement of the chemical away from the reporting facility. Except for off-
site transfers for disposal, these quantities do not necessarily represent entry of the chemical into the
environment. The right side of Figure 1-1 illustrates transfer types reportable to TRI.
Transfers to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs), A POTW is a wastewater treatment facility that
Is owned by a state or municipality. Wastewaters from facilities reporting under TRI are transferred through
pipes or sewers to a POTW. Treatment or removal of a chemical from the wastewater depends upon the nature
of the chemical, as well as the treatment methods present at the POTW. In general, chemicals that are easily
utilized as nutrients by microorganisms, or have a low solubility in water, are likely to be removed to some
extent. Chemicals that are volatile and have a low solubility in water may evaporate into the atmosphere. Not
all TRI chemicals can be treated or removed by a POTW. Some chemicals, such as metals, may be removed,
but are not destroyed and may be disposed of in landfills or discharged to receiving waters.
Transfers Off-site for Recycling. Toxic chemicals in wastes that are sent off-site for the purposes of
recycling are generally recovered or regenerated by a variety of recycling methods, including solvent recovery,
metals recovery, and acid regeneration. The choice of the recycling method depends on the toxic chemical "
being sent for recycling. Once they have been recycled, these chemicals may be returned to the originating
facility for further processing or made available for use in commerce.
Transfers Off-site for Energy Recovery. Toxic chemicals in wastes sent off-site for purposes of energy
recovery are combusted off-site in industrial furnaces (including kilns) or boilers that generate heat or energy for
use at that location. Treatment of a chemical by incineration is not considered to be energy recovery.
Transfers Off-site for Treatment, Toxic chemicals in wastes that are transferred off-site may be treated
through a variety of methods, including biological treatment, neutralization, incineration, and physical
separation. These methods typically result in varying degrees of destruction of the toxic chemical. In some
cases (such as stabilization or solidification), the chemical is not destroyed but is prepared for further waste
management, such as contained disposal.
Transfers Off-site for Disposal. Toxic chemicals in wastes that are transferred to a facility for disposal
generally are either released to land (see Box 1-1 above) at an off-site facility or are injected underground.
Other Off-site Transfers. In this report, toxic chemicals in wastes that were reported as transferred off-site
but for which the off-site activity (i.e., treatment, disposal, energy recovery, or recycling) was not specified or
was not an accepted code have been classified as "other off-site transfers."
Box 1-2. An Explanation of Transfers.
12
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Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
• Small releases of a chemical that bioac-
cumulates may result in significant
exposures to consumers.
+ The environmental medium (air, water, land,
or underground injection) to which the toxic
chemical has been released.
Chemical exposure of a population depends
on the environmental medium to which a
chemical is released. The medium also
affects the types of exposures possible, such
as inhalation, dermal exposure, or ingestion.
• Releases of a chemical to the air can
result in exposures to organisms living
near and downwind from facilities
releasing toxic chemicals to the atmos-
phere. Persistent chemicals may fall or
be rained out of air onto land or into
water bodies, resulting in exposures via
these environmental media.
• Exposures that may result from releases
to water bodies (streams, lakes, etc.)
depend in part on the downstream uses
of the water, including drinking,
cooking, and bathing.
• Injection of toxic chemicals into
properly designed and constructed
Class I wells will result in substantially
lower exposure potential than direct
forms of environmental release. These
wells are designed to entomb liquid
wastes for at least 10,000 years.
«• The type of off-site facility receiving the
chemical and the efficiency of its waste
management practices.
The amount of a toxic chemical that
ultimately enters the environment depends
upon how the chemical was handled during
disposal, treatment, energy recovery, or
recycling activities. Several factors to keep
in mind when considering amounts sent off-
site are presented below.
• The efficiency of recycling operations
varies depending upon the method of
recycling and the chemical being
recycled.
• Use of a combustible toxic chemical for
energy recovery typically results in the
destruction of 95% to 99% or more of
the toxic chemical. The remaining
quantity may be either released to air or
disposed of in ash to land.
» The efficiency of the treatment of toxic
chemicals in waste sent to sewage
treatment plants varies depending on the
chemical and the sewage plant. Some
high-volume pollutants such as methanol
are readily degraded by most sewage
treatment plants. Other high-volume
chemicals such as ammonia are not
readily treated by most sewage treatment
plants and will pass through the plant
into the aquatic environment. The
efficiency of other treatment methods,
such as incineration, also depends upon
the specifications of the treatment
facility and the nature of the chemical.
• Toxic chemicals in waste sent off-site
for disposal are typically released to land
or injected underground.
Further information on the use of TRI data in
determining potential risks can be found in
"Toxic Chemical Risk Screening Guide" (EPA
560/2-89-002), July 1989.
13
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Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
1994 Releases
Total Releases
Pounds
2,260,210,725
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
407,515,304
1,148,492,781
66,083,288
348,968,226
289,151,126
Table 1-1. TRI Releases, 1994.
1994 NATIONAL OVERVIEW
In 1994, 22,744 facilities filed 75,332 TRI
reporting forms. These facilities reported
releasing approximately 2.26 billion pounds of
toxic chemicals into the environment (see Table
1-1). This includes amounts released directly to
the air, water, or land, as well as disposal of
toxic chemicals on-site in landfills, impound-
ments, wastepiles, and underground injection
wells.
Air emissions totalled 1.56 billion pounds, or
68.8% of all releases in 1994 (see Figure 1-2).
Facilities report their air releases as either point
source (stack) emissions or as fugitive (non-
point source) emissions. Nearly three-quarters
(73.8%) of air releases reported to TRI in 1994
were point source emissions.
Facilities discharged 66.1 million pounds of
toxic chemicals into the nation's rivers, lakes,
bays, and other bodies of water in 1994. This
represents 2.9% of all releases in 1994. Nearly
349.0 million pounds (15.4%) of toxic chemi-
cals were injected into underground wells, and
289.2 million pounds (12.8%) were released to
land.
Facilities sent nearly 3.80 billion pounds of
toxic chemicals to off-site locations for treat-
On-site Land
Releases
12.8%
Underground
Injection
15.4%
Surface
Water
2.9%
Air
Emissions
68.8%
Figure 1-2. Distribution of TRI Releases, 1994.
ment, disposal, energy recovery, and recycling
in 1994 (see Table 1-2). The great majority of
these off-site transfers (2.46 billion pounds, or
64.7%) was sent off-site to be recycled (see
Figure 1-3). About 464.2 million pounds
(12.2%) of toxic chemicals were sent off-site to
be burned for energy recovery. Transfers to
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs, or
sewage treatment plants) totalled 254.7 million
pounds, or 6.7%, while transfers to other
locations for treatment totalled 318.8 million
pounds, or 8.4%. Transfers of toxic chemicals
off-site for disposal totalled 297.6 million
pounds, or 7.8%. An additional 3.6 million
pounds of toxic chemicals which were reported
as transferred off-site were reported with no
waste management codes or invalid codes and
are listed as "Other Off-site Transfers."
1994 TRI DATA BY STATE
Releases and Transfers
Figure 1-4 illustrates the distribution of TRI
releases by state. Figure 1-5 shows the distri-
bution of transfers by the state of origin of the
transfers. Tables 1-3 and 1-4 present TRI
releases and transfers by type, arranged alpha-
betically by state. No reports were received in
1994 for Guam or the Northern Mariana Islands.
14
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Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
1994 Transfers
Total Transfers
Pounds
3,795,029,488
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Transfers to Disposal
Other Off-site Transferee
2,456,120,948
464,206,483
318,810,333
254,688,836
297,600,462
3,602,426
Table 1 -2. TRI Transfers, 1994.
Table 1-5 ranks states by the sum of TRI on-site
releases to air, water, and land only (excluding
underground injection of waste). The top five
states for total air/water/land releases for 1994
reporting were Texas (143,7 million pounds),
Louisiana (110.7 million pounds), Ohio (102.7
million pounds), Tennessee (99.8 million
pounds), and Alabama (95.4 million pounds).
Third-ranked Ohio had the largest number of
reporting facilities (1,685) and forms filed
(5,665) in 1994. California, the state with the
second largest number of reporting facilities
(1,632) and the fourth largest number of forms
(4,512), ranked 19th for air/water/land releases.
In contrast, Louisiana had 325 reporting facili-
ties, about one-fifth the number of facilities
reporting in California, yet ranked second for
air/water/land releases.
Table 1-6 ranks states by the sum of their total
TRI releases, including amounts of waste
injected underground. In this ranking, Texas
also ranked first, but Tennessee ranked second,
Louisiana ranked third, and Ohio dropped to
fifth. Mississippi, which ranked 12th for air/
water/land releases, ranked fourth for total
releases because of large quantities of chemicals
injected underground.
Transfers to
POTWs
6.7%
Transfers to
Disposal
7.8%
Transfers to
Treatment
8.4%
Transfers to
Energy
Recovery
12.2%
Transfers to
Recycling
64.7%
Less than 0,1%:
Other Otf-site
Transfers
Figure 1-3. Distribution of TRI Transfers, 1994.
EPA has offered these alternative state rankings
because questions have been raised concerning
whether waste disposed of in Class I injection
wells should be viewed as a direct environ-
mental release. Properly designed and
constructed Class I injection wells have a
substantially lower exposure potential than
direct forms of release. EPA believes that it is
appropriate to include rankings both with and
without underground injection in order to help
the public to consider potential exposure when
focusing on areas of concern.
The top three states for air emissions of TRI
chemicals in 1994 were Texas (127.0 million
pounds), Tennessee (92.3 million pounds), and
Alabama (88.8 million pounds). Louisiana
ranked first for surface water discharges, with
22.5 million pounds, followed by California
(4.3 million pounds) and Georgia (3.7 million
pounds). Facilities in Texas reported the largest
quantity of waste injected underground
(106.4 million pounds), followed by Mississippi
(57.0 million pounds) and Tennessee (56.1 mil-
lion pounds). The top three states for releases of
TRI chemicals to land were Florida (45.2 mil-
lion pounds), Montana (43.5 million pounds),
and Arizona (25.1 million pounds).
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
15
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Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
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Hawaii
Puerto Rico
Millions of Pounds
I More than 100
50 to 100
10 to 50
D Less than 10
§
•8
to
§
tn
s
Figure 1-5. TRI Transfers by State, 1994,
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TW Releases and Transfers
Table 1-3. TRI Releases by State, 1984 (Alphabetically Ordered),
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Facilities
Number
S26
14
2
185
394
1,632
189
359
71
5
510
729
17
67
1,367
1,042
414
281
423
325
105
205
541
956
502
329
578
24
163
41
108
673
45
768
906
34
1,685
275
260
1,231
171
150
486
66
672
1,215
159
37
3
462
301
151
863
27
22,744
Forms
Number
1,930
64
3
479
1,279
4,512
532
996
246
8
1,357
2,311
63
175
4,687
3,466
1,227
944
1,600
2,008
337
635
1,466
3,501
1,386
1,100
1,866
138
474
98
292
2,336
164
2,329
2,733
93
5,665
862
740
4,003
510
390
1,839
123
2,174
5,620
543
88
27
1,499
954
688
2,639
133
75,332
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
88,789,209
5,477,555
12,255
6,314,661
28,683,461
39,287,993
3,879,703
8,901,064
4,104,072
4,891
32,025,146
50,441,198
522,810
4,158,936
63,087,484
71,389,508
28,255,287
20,494,045
35,066,527
84,123,511
8,963,087
10,441,005
9,152,293
64,937,744
20,514,894
58,563,371
30,505,758
3,604,684
9,365,559
1,013,014
2,974,738
14,466,697
2,096,830
32,798,392
70,669,752
1,555,637
79,097,065
18,371,896
16,725,457
50,047,846
9,333,897
2,970,797
49,408,149
1,875,502
92,272,213
127,035,162
61,994,550
658,301
912,201
50,136,954
23,677,196
20,602,475
31,636,243
2,609,410
1,556,008,085
Surface
Water .
Discharges
Pounds
2,270,311
1,155,030
0
39
1,029,055
4,258,256
80,687
2,227,758
92,564
1,600
772,177
3,683,579
2,300
112,582
3,147,040
558,373
872,629
382,843
403,292
22,548,999
489,924
668,293
11,995
1,000,017
292,663
1,103,212
1,308,166
110,397
470,293
0
76,305
789,245
2,918
865,703
991,084
43,312
1,311,012
280,617
511,905
1,406,313
8,501
104,808
866,527
5,105
2,146,373
2,719,512
34,108
500
203,608
1,543,416
1,418,012
1,247,684
408,857
43,789
66,083,288
Underground
Injection
Pounds
251
190
0
11
9,175,393
498,761
0
0
0
0
15,893,185
0
188,210
0
10,163,497
4,526,906
0
3,924,162
0
42,382,121
0
22,500
0
6,962,868
0
57,032,511
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
760
0
0
14,504,001
1,135,650
0
0
4
0
'o
0
56,071,774
106,410,443
0
0
. 0
0
0
1,493
1
20,073,524
Releases
to Land
Pounds
4,360,697
47,816
0
25,148,267
2,058,594
1,580,609
214,743
1,535
157,635
17,300
45,221,983
1,539,051
2,505
2,011,120
21,279,269
2,378,832
1,364,952
1,043,156
805,192
3,986,851
642,187
2,367,939
18,960
9,719,406
982,389
4,908,350
16,631,294
43,511,944
829,641
2,301,924
11,248
274,650
15,943,260
1,737,375
17,449,478
1,265
22,310,025
487,234
528,612
1,846,691
4,526
70
769,192
180,099
5,333,683
13,960,174
9,668,663
260
58,504
1,093.559
1 17,894
617,298
1,571,117
52,108
348,968,226 289,151,126
Total
Releases
Pounds
95,420,468
6,680,591
12,255
31,462,978
40,946,503
45,625,619
4,175,133
11,130,357
4,354,271
23,791
93.912,491
55,663,828
715,825
6,282,638
97,677,290
78,853,619
30,492,868
25,844,206
36,275,01 1
153,041,482
10,095,198
13,499,737.
' 9,183,248
82,620,035
21,789,946
121,607,444
48,445,218
47,227,025
10,665,493
3,314,938
3,062,296
15,530,597
18,043,008
35,402,230
89,110,314
1,600,214
117,222,103
20,275,397.
17,765,974
53,300,850
9,346,9.28
3,075,675
51,043,868
2,060,706
155,824,043
250,125,291
71,697,321
659,061
1,174,313
52,773,929
25,213,102
22,468,950
33,616,218
22,778,831
2,260,210,725
18
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TFU Releases and Transfers
Table 1-4. TRI Transfers by State, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
36,780,983
353,880
0
36,910,529
130,108,977
68,028,042
10,881,343
25 ,7 12,774
13,276,673
66,611
18,615,925
48,875,740
45,146
641,770
136,646,086
195,414,443
42,211,793
46,889,095
54,026,287
61,079,601
2,802,353
35,407,091
26,880,612
147,923,773
17,964,529
33,270,121
64,544,618
2,406,947
44,837,589
378,351
9,982,073
58,848,809
195,476
83,253,331
97,275,514
404,050
223,558,885
22,155,876
22,490,373
179,479,250
10,166,282
15,433,236
89,748,125
637,674
54,407,934
128,829,186
9,768,351
1,240,337
42,563
29,272,281
11,685,540
45,293,917
58,905,835
64,368
2,456,120,948
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
13,756,205
0
0
655,103
5,628,806
7,552,684
3,542,793
2,033,601
2,288,616
0
2,086,476
7,878,981
6,220
56,534
30,568,350
13,230,176
5,200,713
2,448,810
6,847,990
6,742,790
470,955
1,072,056
6,210,078
78,181,294
2,637,559
3,511,589
16,720,004
43,958
679,798
5,950
323,433
28,587,392
147,786
8,271,539
7,673,880
10,140
37,112,098
2,141,268
623,720
18,256,414
9,577,157
490,836
10,025,405
99,166
8,060,609
75,022,132
129,217
120,690
47,629
8,828,124
812,179
10,709,432
17,076,025
2,123
464,206,483
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
39,457,940
112,330
0
2,419,408
1,385,985
6,551,523
1,690,697
5,845,703
789,087
0
3,437,117
2,807,352
4,820
103,918
16,050,329
28,191,587
2,252,872
3,431,272
7,308,602
6,014,439
312,710
1,567,766
5,345,931
19,158,734
2,077,310
1,981,631
15,137,623
8,076
3,108,100
7,989
403,986
11,906,194
89,484
7,368,157
13,206,901
93,975
21,637,795
1,084,379
640,231
19,307,452
5,439,606
496,358
7,068,024
44,262
2,499,385
30,429,423
858,926
307,431
414,075
1,696,017
646,474
4,345,522
12,261,335
4,090
318,810,333
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
566,101
39,115
0
455,924
349,401
17,367,170
540,696
1,131,894
2,926,069
113,832
3,785,648
2,876,944
50,000
1,280,801
29,962,872
3,526,723
9,250,650
2,100,061
1,842,497
341,364
354,625
2,983,171
4,179,207
10,430,274
6,249,591
922,517
20,076,933
7,433
766,012
9,299
187,724
33,192,402
371,677
6,248,714
3,461,714
203,743
9,587,101
151,253
10,106,104
8,280,700
3,900,605
1,472,321
3,664,172
299,356
6,967,362
21,026,621
333,750
4,461
0
15,226,844
700,304
1,684,091
3,126,475
4,518
254,688,836
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
13,347,553
0
0
283,651
2,070,377
8,522,971
318,372
922,298
454,131
30,012
1,067,260
4,037,293
17,371
21,250
17,993,558
16,675,627
2,817,587
6,108,721
2,964,331
3,750,983
811,920
952,138
1,380,467
30,441,174
1,138,711
1,820,885
5,229,319
111,243
5,778,305
67,453
141,394
1,865,409
98,770
8,215,203
2,710,113
11,281
31,094,104
5,897,593
2,780,502
53,126,669
325,300
3,748,276
4,819,842
86,118
18,007,921
17,824,532
1,506,520
21,234
77
1,900,933
728,814
2,917,835
10,631,776
5,285
297,600,462
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
12,054
1,450
0
0
400
53,045
14,082
710
0
0
212,822
323
5,000
0
87,538
254
7,817
0
46,965
0
0
206,000
2,710
425,984
0
5,772
52,936
0
0
0
12,168
250
11,000
500
7,091
0
34,731
250
0
2,266,855
0
0
0
0
750
132,339
250
0
0
250
120
0
10
0
3,602,426
Total
Transfers
Pounds
103,920,836
506,775
0
40,724,615
139,543,946
108,075,435
16,987,983
35,646,980
19,734.576
210,455
29,205,248
66,476,633
128,557
2,104,273
231,308,733
257,038,810
61,741,432
60,977,959
73,036,672
77,929,177
4,752,563
42,188,222
43,999,005
286,561,233
30,067,700
41,512,515
121,761,433
2,577,657
55,169,804
469,042
11,050,778
134,400,456
914,193
113,357,444
124,335,213
723,189
323,024,714
31,430,619
36,640,930
280,717,340
29,408,950
21,641,027
1 15,325,568
1,166,576
89,943,961
273,264,233
12,597,014
1,694,153
504,344
56,924,449
14,573,431
64,950,797
102,001,456
80,384
3,795,029,488
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
19
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-5. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land by State, 1994 (Ordered by Total Air/Water/Land Release).
State
Texas
Louisiana
Ohio
Tennessee
Alabama
North Carolina
Illinois
Florida
Michigan
Indiana
Utah
Mississippi
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Virginia
South Carolina
Missouri
Montana
California
Kentucky
New York
Wisconsin
Arkansas
Arizona
Iowa
Washington
West Virginia
Kansas
Minnesota
Oklahoma
New Mexico
Oregon
New Jersey
Maryland
Connecticut
Nebraska
Maine
Puerto Rico
Massachusetts
Alaska
Idaho
Delaware
Colorado
Nevada
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
Wyoming
South Dakota
North Dakota
Virgin Islands
Vermont
Hawaii
District of Columbia
American Samoa
Total
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
127,035,162
84,123,511
79,097,065
92,272,213
88,789,209
70,669,752
63,087,484
32,025,146
64,937,744
71,389,508
61,994,550
58,563,371
50,441,198
50,047,846
50,136,954
49,408,149
30,505,758
3,604,684
39,287,993
35,066,527
32,798,392
31,636,243
28,683,461
6,314,661
28,255,287
23,677,196
20,602,475
20,494,045
20,514,894
18,371,896
2,096,830
16,725,457
14,466,697
10,441,005
8,901,064
9,365,559
8,963,087
9,333,897
9,152,293
5,477,555
4,158,936
4,104,072
3,879,703
1,013,014
2,970,797
2,974,738
2,609,410
1,875,502
1,555,637
912,201
658,301
522,810
4,891
12,255
1,556,008,085
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
2,719,512
22,548,999
1,311,012
2,146,373
2,270,311
991,084
3,147,040
772,177
1,000,017
558,373
34,108
1,103,212
3,683,579
1,406,313
1,543,416
866,527
1,308,166
1 10,397
4.258,256
403,292
865,703
408,857
1,029,055
39
872,629
1,418,012
1,247,684
382,843
292,663
280,617
2,918
511,905
789,245
668,293
2,227,758
470,293
489,924
8,501
11,995
1,155.030
112,582
92,564
80,687
0
104,808
76,305
43,789
5,105
43,312
203,608
500
2,300
1,600
0
66,083,288
Releases
to Land ,
Pounds
13.960,174
3,986,851
22,310,025
5,333,683
4,360,697
17,449,478
21,279,269
45,221,983
9,719,406
2,378,832
9,668,663
4,908,350
1,539,051
1,846,691
1,093,559
769,192
16,631,294
43,511,944
1,580,609
805,192
1,737,375
1,571,117
2,058,594
25,148,267
1,364,952
117,894
617,298
1,043,156
982,389
487,234
15,943,260
528,612
274,650
2,367,939
1,535
829,641
642,187
4,526
18,960
47,816
2,011,120
157,635
214,743
2,301,924
70
11,248
52,108
180,099
1,265
58,504
260
2,505
17,300
0
289,151,126
Total
Air/Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
143,714,848
110,659,361
102,718,102
99,752,269
95,420,217
89,110,314
87,513,793
78.019,306
75,657,167
74,326,713
71,697,321
64,574,933
55,663,828
53,300,850
52,773,929
51,043,868
48,445,218
47,227,025
45,126,858
36,275,011
35,401,470
33,616,217
31,771,110
31,462,967
30,492,868
25,213,102
22,467,457
21,920,044
21,789,946
19,139,747
18,043,008
17,765,974
15,530,592
13,477,237
11,130,357
10,665,493
10,095,198
9,346,924
9,183,248
6,680,401
6,282.638
4,354,271
4,175,133
3,314,938
3,075,675
3,062,291
2,705,307
2,060,706
1,600,214
1,174,313
659,061
527,615
23,791
12,255
1,911,242,499
20
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 Tftl Releases and Transfers
Table 1-6. TR! Releases by State, 1994 (Ordered by Total Release).
State
Texas
Tennessee
Louisiana
Mississippi
Ohio
Illinois
Alabama
Florida
North Carolina
Michigan
Indiana
Utah
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Virginia
South Carolina
Missouri
Montana
California
Arkansas
Kentucky
New York
Wisconsin
Arizona
Iowa
Kansas
Washington
Wyoming
West Virginia
Minnesota
Oklahoma
New Mexico
Oregon
New Jersey
Maryland
Connecticut
Nebraska
Maine
Puerto Rico
Massachusetts
Alaska
Idaho
Delaware
Colorado
Nevada
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
South Dakota
North Dakota
Virgin Islands
Hawaii
Vermont
District of Columbia
American Samoa
Total
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
127,035,162
92,272,213
84,123,511
58,563,371
79,097,065
63,087,484
88,789,209
32,025,146
70,669,752
64,937,744
71,389.508
61,994,550
50,441,198
50,047,846
50,136,954
49,408,149
30,505,758
3,604,684
39,287,993
28,683,461
35,066,527
32,798,392
31,636,243
6,314,661
28,255,287
20,494,045
23,677,196
2,609,410
20,602,475
20,514,894
18,371,896
2,096,830
16,725,457
14,466,697
10,441,005
8,901,064
9,365,559
8,963,087
9,333,897
9,152,293
5.477,555
4,158,936
4,104,072
3,879,703
1,013,014
2,970,797
2,974,738
1,875,502
1,555,637
912,201
522,810
658,301
4,891
12,255
1,556,008,085
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
2,719,512
2,146,373
22,548,999
1,103,212
1,311,012
3,147,040
2,270,311
772,177
991,084
1,000,017
558,373
34,108
3,683,579
1,406,313
1,543,416
866,527
1,308,166
110,397
4,258,256
1,029,055
403,292
865,703
408,857
39
872,629
382,843
1,418,012
43,789
1,247,684
292,663
280,617
2,918
511,905
789,245
668,293
2,227,758
470,293
489,924
8,501
11,995
1,155,030
112,582
92,564
80,687
0
104,808
76,305
5,105
43,312
203,608
2,300
500
1,600
0
66,083,288
Underground
Injection
Pounds
106,410,443
56,071,774
42,382,121
57,032,511
14,504,001
10,163,497
251
15,893,185
0
6,962,868
4,526,906
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
498,761
9,175,393
0
760
1
11
0
3,924,162
0
20,073,524
1,493
0
1,135,650
0
0
5
22,500
0
0
0
4
0
190
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
188,210
0
0
0
348,968,226
Releases
to Land
Pounds
13,960,174
5,333,683
3,986,851
4,908,350
22,310,025
21,279,269
4,360,697
45,221,983
17,449,478
9,719,406
2,378,832
9,668,663
1,539,051
1,846,691
1,093,559
769.192
16,631,294
43,511,944
1,580,609
2,058,594
805,192
1,737,375
1,571,117
25,148,267
1,364,952
1,043,156
117,894
52,108
617,298
982,389
487,234
15,943,260
528,612
274,650
2,367,939
1,535
829,641
642,187
4,526
18,960
47,816
2,011,120
157,635
214,743
2,301,924
70
11,248
180,099
1,265
58,504
2,505
260
17,300
0
289,151,126
Total
Releases
Pounds
250,125,291
155,824,043
153,041,482
121,607,444
117,222,103
97,677,290
95,420,468
93,912,491
89,110,314
82,620,035
78,853,619
71,697,321
55,663,828
53,300,850
52,773,929
51,043,868
48,445,218
47,227,025
45,625,619
40,946,503
36,275,01 1
35,402,230
33,616,218
31,462,978
30,492,868
25,844,206
25,213,102
22,778,831
22,468,950
21,789,946
20,275,397
18,043,008
17,765,974
15,530,597
13,499,737
11,130,357
10,665,493
10,095,198
9,346,928
9,183,248
6,680,591
6,282,638
4,354,271
4,175,133
3,314,938
3,075,675
3,062,296
2,060,706
1,600,214
1,174,313
715,825
659,061
23,791
12,255
2,260,210,725
21
-------
Chapter 1 — 7994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Movement of Transfers Among States
Facilities reporting to TRI must report the
quantities of toxic chemicals shipped off-site for
waste management, treatment, and disposal. In
addition to reporting the quantities of those
chemicals, facilities also must report the
location to which the chemicals are being
shipped. This recipient location information is
also available in the TRI database. Tables 1-7
through 1-12 illustrate the movement of off-site
transfers of waste within and between states.
Transfers to POTWs are not included in these
tables. This is because it is not possible to
determine how much waste is sent to which
location in instances when a facility reports
sending waste to more than one POTW. This
problem arises from how the data for POTW
transfers are reported on the Form R and is not a
problem for other types of transfers.
Table 1-7 presents transfers from one location to
another within the same state. These transfers
constitute about 43.5% of all transfers reported
in 1994.
Table 1-8 presents transfers received at loca-
tions in each state from TRI facilities located
outside that state (imports of waste into the
state). Table 1-9 adds the quantities in Tables 1-
7 and 1-8, to give the total quantity of transfers
received at locations within a state, regardless of
whether those transfers originated at a TRI
facility in that state or in another state.
Table 1-10 presents TRI transfers from facilities
in a state to locations outside that state (exports
of waste from that state to other states). These
transfers make up nearly 56.5% of all transfers
reported to TRI in 1994,
Many states, such as Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, and
Pennsylvania, rank high both for receipt of
chemicals from out of state and for transfers of
chemicals to other states.
Table 1-11 presents the states that are net
importers of TRI chemicals in waste. These
states receive more transfers of TRI chemicals
in waste from other states than they send to
other states. These states are ranked in descend-
ing order by total net quantity imported. In this
table, a negative number in a particular transfer
category (for example, transfers to recycling)
indicates that the state is a net exporter in that
category, although the state is a net importer for
the sum of all types of transfers.
Table 1-12 presents the states that are net
exporters of TRI chemicals in waste. These
states transfer more TRI chemicals in waste to
locations in other states than they receive from
other states. These states are ranked in descend-
ing order by total net quantity exported. In this
table, a negative number in a transfer category
indicates that the state is a net importer in that
category, even though it is a net exporter
overall.
22
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-7. Transfers of TRI Chemicals In Waste Within a State, 1994 (Ordered by Total Transferred).
State
Pennsylvania
Michigan
Ohio
Texas
Indiana
California
Illinois
Alabama
Wisconsin
Louisiana
West Virginia
Tennessee
South Carolina
Missouri
New Jersey
New York
Kentucky
Arkansas
Puerto Rico
Georgia
Kansas
Nebraska
Massachusetts
Connecticut
North Carolina
Maryland
Oregon
Arizona
Minnesota
Utah
Oklahoma
Virginia
Iowa
Mississippi
Florida
Rhode Island
Colorado
Delaware
Washington
New Hampshire
Maine
South Dakota
North Dakota
Idaho
Nevada
New Mexico
Vermont
Montana
Hawaii
Wyoming
Alaska
American Samoa
District of Columbia
Virgin Islands
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
105,123,189
87,245,077
93,001,121
45,920,272
95,838,664
52,216,443
31,609,449
10,808,445
28,970,828
34,827,005
38,446,941
21,804,506
27,932,211
21,259,464
11,589,048
26,899,492
15,681,887
17,898,889
8,162,513
13,803,680
6,699,489
12,276,403
9,945,177
12,956,211
7,856,209
12,124,288
9,529,796
9,928,903
7,482,460
5,605,726
6,080,513
3,220,012
3,522,215
4,560,955
4,020,428
1,482,129
2,041,703
3,727,635
1,322,314
2,172,609
1,069,692
327,375
403,000
229,038
3,521
9,710
23,817
21,000
6,625
550
0
0
0
0
917,688,627
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
511,586
37,135,143
25,802,568
70,792,699
4,543,119
6,363,045
10,899,929
7,342,089
1,252,957
3,621,961
1,230,329
1,697,960
5,735,626
12,022,770
14,022,592
1,294,608
850,489
625,111
6,490,134
1,348,221
557,044
11,270
2,813,080
111,125
2,206,295
35,898
23,238
238,951
. 612,783
257
235,582
2,177,509
133,773
298,183
557,467
7,800
988,879
1,124
261,042
0
500
0
2,670
0
0
0
1,986
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
224,859,392
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
7,381,554
9,968,476
15,037,335
22,932,376
25,421,139
3,697,017
6,203,622
35,904,145
9,379,641
3,809,328
171,300
923,181
2,401,788
1,013,251
6,811,678
907,194
1,913,125
318,245
2,276,686
277,375
2,693,589
2,877,552
1,692,807
572,856
2,049,942
37,633
271,728
1,620,021
1,655,395
684,126
121,520
49,530
856,506
85,689
548,788
50,793
945,590
31,513
409,737
44,160
3,982
3,329
0
41,597
4,133
0
0
0
20
167
0
0
0
0
174,101,159
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
47,374,083
26,109,218
22,025,529
13,755,908
12,967,892
4,746,857
16,329,506
7,071,982
9,741,280
1,537,937
1,646,423
16,329,149
4,266,382
2,275,541
713,168
3,547,164
2,157,946
775,472
257,083
1,312,041
5,909,461
672,783
801,076
535,196
1,736,125
631,342
2,774,260
169,091
866,547
1,491,186
1,038,422
1,653,513
2,187,688
945,307
403,239
3,488,665
282,513
70,460
479,670
15,484
594,725
85,618
1,513
3,256
67,445
65,375
2,408
18
3,471
780
0
0
0
0
221,917,198
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
2,266,573
425,984
34,731
131,329
254 •
52,790
87,288
0
10
0
0
0
0
50,626
0
0
46,465
400
0
321
0
0
0
710
250
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
1,250
0
129,787
0
14,082
0
120
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,000
0
1,450
0
0
0
3,249,670
Total
Transfers
Within State
Pounds
162,656,985
160,883,898
155,901,284
153,532,584
138,771,068
67,076,152
65,129,794
61,126,661
49,344,716
43,796,231
41,494,993
40,754,796
40,336,007
36,621,652
33,136,486
32,648,458
20,649,912
19,618,117
17,186,416
16,741,638
15,859,583
15,838,008
15,252,140
14,176,098
13,848,821
12,829,161
12,599,022
11,956,966
10,617,185
7,781,295
7,476,287
7,100,564
6,701,432
5,890.134
5,659,709
5,029,387
4,272,767
3,830,732
2,472,883
2,232,253
1,668,899
416,322
407,183
273,891
75,099
75,085
28,211
21,018
15,116
1,497
1,450
0
0
0
1,541,816,046
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
23
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-8. Receipt of TRI Chemicals In Waste from Out of State, 1994 (Ordered by Total Received).
Receiving
Slate
Pennsylvania
Indiana
Ohio
Illinois
Louisiana
New York
Michigan
Missouri
Texas
New Jersey
South Carolina
Alabama
Tennessee
California
Connecticut
Montana
North Carolina
Georgia
Kentucky
West Virginia
Virginia
Wisconsin
District of Columbia
Kansas
Arkansas
Minnesota
Massachusetts
Virgin Islands
Oklahoma
Arizona
Florida
Washington
Maryland
Iowa
Utah
Nebraska
Rhode Island
Nevada
Colorado
North Dakota
Idaho
Mississippi
Alaska
Delaware
Oregon
New Mexico
New Hampshire
Vermont
Maine
American Samoa
Hawaii
Puerto Rico
South Dakota
Wyoming
Other©
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
229,338,515
147,334,241
107,841,710
123,283,005
72,242,972
81,268,084
67,345,180
57,080,938
59,949,400
26,873,995
39,533,678
33,649,682
36,427,990
37,365,876
36,284,752
34,363,779
26,948,696
25,755,026
8,010,079
28,068,285
12,380,852
16,222,006
17,444,020
580,893
1,811,311
5,665,135
8,563,048
10,566,541
5,155,659
8,912,519
6,047,616
7,392,904
1,385,441
6,485,376
51,394
3,196,015
2,809,265
149,206
452,793
148,666
864,345
979,450
1,054,431
281
486,797
199,266
20,151
703
14,450
0
0
0
0
0
140,425,904
1,538,432,321
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
487,219
24,507,806
36,050,818
15,833,810
6,136,360
2,976,972
9,996,460
22,149,591
6,164,978
11,228,984
13,937,033
14,330,061
10,321,912
727,860
469,280
0
1,470,699
2,593,615
10,483,112
0
12,907,989
2,132,216
0
13,577,840
7,272,580
3,707,065
788,451
0
2,078,683
123,498
1,942,383
304,601
3410,073
25,541
919,620
53,537
17,453
0
21,724
21,950
0
9,688
18,976
23,034
3,408
0
0
0
1,958
0
0
0
0
0
18,253
239,347,091
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
5,432,118
8,652,637
21,976,589
6,964,249
12,414,512
1,870,785
9,789,650
1,127,719
6,208,625
21,040,132
3,286,327
4,472,166
2,624,663
454,705
1,263,479
0
2,167,348
890,638
9,407,217
32,483
734,133
3,749,408
450,213
402,366
5,428,217
3,597,142
1,204,283
0
468,186
140,320
390,565
205,181
1,701,882
75,714
1,382,119
153,066
182,685
63,149
124,349
40,512
79,271
46,760
81,492
954,061
16,633
0
1,410
20,494
1,751
0
0
0
0
0
2,937,770
144,709,174
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
6,888,250
2,736,885
11,090,782
5,156,066
5,517,290
5,885,197
4,588,364
61,157
7,082,589
389,218
2,068,218
3,115,306
651,187
60,422
172,213
2,072,590
507,393
414,290
1,178,057
364,364
3,427
502,952
0
87,136
94,331
9,670
461,399
0
2,716,514 '
64,490
96,661
10,271
297,369
133,121
3,575,827
5,818
235,522
2,830,042
1,639,740
1,409,690
450,038
276,112
3,137
2,254
239,925
3,000
143,262
5,506
0
0
0
0
0
0
386,212
75,683,264
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
10,815
9,354
250
15,925
3,200
250
12,418
250
0
28,368
7,462
13,942
1,512
0
36,942
0
0
202,579
250
0
0
1,642
. 0
0
1,055
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
282
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,250
352,756
Total
Transfers
Received
Pounds
242,156,917
183,240,923
176,960,149
151,253,055
96,314,334
92,001,288
91,732,072
80,419,655
79,405,592
59,560,697
58,832,718
55,581,157
50,027,264
38,608,863
38,226,666
36,436,369
31,094,136
29,856,148
29,078,715
28,465,132
26,026,401
22,608.224
17,894,233
14,648,235
14,607,494
12,979,012
11,017,181
10,566,541
10,419,042
9,240,827
8,477,225
7,912,957
6,895,047
6,719,752
5,928,960
3,408,436
3,244,925
3,042,397
2,238,606
1,620,818
1,393,654
1,312,010
1,158,036
979,630
746,763
202,266
164,833
26,703
18,159
0
0
0
0
0
143,774,389
1,998,524,606
0 Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
0 Includes waste sent to other countries and to sites not identified by state.
24
-------
Table 1-9.
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Total Transfers of TRI Chemicals Received, Including Intrastate Transfers and Transfers into the
State, 1994 (Ordered by Total Received),
Receiving
State
Pennsylvania
Ohio
Indiana
Michigan
Texas
Illinois
Louisiana
New York
Missouri
Alabama
California
South Carolina
New Jersey
Tennessee
Wisconsin
West Virginia
Connecticut
Kentucky
Georgia
North Carolina
Montana
Arkansas
Virginia
Kansas
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Arizona
Maryland
Nebraska
Oklahoma
District of Columbia
Puerto Rico
Florida
Utah
Iowa
Oregon
Virgin Islands
Washington
Rhode Island
Mississippi
Colorado
Delaware
Nevada
New Hampshire
North Dakota
Maine
Idaho
Alaska
South Dakota
New Mexico
Vermont
Hawaii
Wyoming
American Samoa
Other©
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
334,461,704
200,842,831
243,172,905
154,590,257
105,869,672
154,892,454
107,069,977
108,167,576
78,340,402
44,458,127
89,582,319
67,465,889
38,463,043
58,232,496
45,192,834
66,515,226
49,240,963
23,691,966
39,558,706
34,804,905
34,384,779
19,710,200
15,600,864
7,280,382
18,508,225
13,147,595
18,841,422
13,509,729
15,472,418
11,236,172
17,444,020
8,162,513
10,068,044
5,657,120
10,007,591
10,016,593
10,566,541
8,715,218
4,291,394
5,540,405
2,494,496
3,727,916
152,727
2,192,760
551,666
1,084,142
1,093,383
1,054,431
327,375
208,976
24,520
6,625
550
0
140,425,904
2,456,120,948
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
998,805
61,853,386
29,050,925
47,131,603
76,957,677
26,733,739
9,758,321
4,271,580
34,172,361
21,672,150
7,090,905
19,672,659
25,251,576
12,019,872
3,385,173
1,230,329
580,405
11,333,601
3,941,836
3,676,994
0
7,897,691
15,085,498
14,134,884
3,601,531
4,319,848
362,449
3,545,971
64,807
2,314,265
0
6,490,134
2,499,850
919,877
159,314
26,646
0
565,643
25,253
307,871
1,010,603
24,158
0
0
24,620
2,458
0
18,976
0
0
1,986
0
0
0
18,253
464,206,483
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
12,813,672
37,013,924
34,073,776
19,758,126
29,141,001
13,167,871
16,223,840
2,777,979
2,140,970
40,376,311
4,151,722
5,688,115
27,851,810
3,547,844
13,129,049
203,783
1,836,335
11,320,342
1,168,013
4,217,290
0
5,746,462
783,663
3,095,955
2,897,090
5,252,537
1,760,341
1,739,515
3,030,618
589,706
450,213
2,276,686
939,353
2,066,245
932,220
288,361
0
614,918
233,478
132,449
1,069,939
985,574
67,282
45,570
40,512
5,733
120,868
81,492
3,329
0
20,494
20
167
0
2,937,770
318,810,333
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
54,262,333
33,116,311
15,704,777
30,697,582
20,838,497
21,485,572
7,055,227
9,432,361
2,336,698
10,187,288
4,807,279
6,334,600
1,102,386
16,980,336
10,244,232
2,010,787
707,409
3,336,003
1,726,331
2,243,518
2,072,608
869,803
1,656,940
5,996,597
1,262,475
876,217
233,581
928,71 1
678,601
3,754,936
0
257,083
499,900
5,067,013
2,320,809
3,014,185
0
489,941
3,724,187
1,221,419
1,922,253
72,714
2,897,487
158,746
1,411,203
594,725
453,294
3,137
85,618
68,375
7,914
3,471
780
0
386,212
297,600,462
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
2,277,388
34,981
9,608
438,402
131,329
103,213
3,200
250
50,876
13,942
52,790
7,462
28,368
1,512
1,652
0
37,652
46,715
202,900
250
0
1,455
0
0
0
0
0
282
0
250
0
0
129,787
0
1,250
0
0
120
0
0
14,082
0
0
10
0
0
0
1,450
0
0
0
5,000
0
0
6,250
3,602,426
Total
Transfers
Received
Pounds
404,813,902
332,861,433
322,011,991
252,615,970
232,938,176
216,382,849
140,110,565
124,649,746
117,041,307
116,707,818
105,685,015
99,168,725
92,697,183
90,782,060
71,952,940
69,960,125
52,402,764
49,728,627
46,597,786
44,942,957
36,457,387
34,225,61 1
33,126,965
30,507,818
26,269,321
23,596,197
21,197,793
19,724,208
19,246,444
17,895,329
17,894,233
17,186,416
14,136,934
13,710,255
13,421,184
13,345,785
10,566,541
10,385,840
8,274,312
7,202,144
6,511,373
4,810,362
3,1 17,496
2,397,086
2,028,001
1,687,058
1,667,545
1,159,486
416,322
277,351
54,914
15,116
1,497
0
143,774,389
3,540,340,652
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
Includes waste sent to other countries and to sites not identified by state.
25
-------
Chapter 1 — 7994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-10. Transfers of TRI Chemicals in Waste Out of State, 1994 (Ordered by Total Transferred).
Transferring
State
Ohio
Illinois
Arkansas
Michigan
Indiana
Pennsylvania
North Carolina
Texas
New York
South Carolina
New Jersey
Missouri
Kentucky
Wisconsin
Georgia
Iowa
Kansas
Alabama
Tennessee
Nebraska
Mississippi
Virginia
Louisiana
Arizona
Maryland
Massachusetts
Oklahoma
California
West Virginia
Connecticut
Florida
Rhode Island
Oregon
Minnesota
Delaware
Colorado
Washington
New Hampshire
Puerto Rico
Utah
Maine
Montana
Vermont
Idaho
Virgin Islands
New Mexico
Alaska
South Dakota
Nevada
North Dakota
District of Columbia
Wyoming
Hawaii
American Samoa
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
130,557,764
105,036,637
112,210,088
60,678,696
99,575,779
74.356,061
89,419,305
82,908,914
56,353,839
61,815,914
47,259,761
43,285,154
38,344,400
29,935,007
35,072,060
38,689,578
40,189,606
25,972,538
32,603,428
32,561,186
28,709,166
26,052,269
26,252,596
26,981,626
23,282,803
16,935,435
16,075,363
15,811,599
6,846,976
12,756,563
14,595,497
13,951,107
12,960,577
10,482,069
9,549,038
8,839,640
10,363,226
7,809,464
2,003,769
4,162,625
1,732,661
2,385,947
1,216,520
412,732
42,563
185,766
353,880
310,299
374,830
1,050
66,611
63,818
38,521
0
1,538,432,321
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
11,309,530
19,668,421
5,003,695
41,046,151
8,687,057
17,744,828
5,467,585
4,229,433
6,976,931
4,289,779
14,564,800
4,697,234
5,997,501
15,823,068
6,530,760
5,066,940
1,891,766
6,414,116
6,362,649
668,528
3,213,406
6,650,615
3,120,829
416,152
1,036,158
3,396,998
1,905,686
1,189,639
9,479,103
1,922,476
1,529,009
483,036
600,482
2,024,776
2,287,492
2,553,914
551,137
323,433
3,087,023
128,960
470,455
43,958
118,704
56,534
47,629
147,786
0
99,166
5,950
7,470
0
2,123
6,220
0
239,347,091
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
6,600,460
9,846,707
1,067,740
9,190,258
2,770,448
11,925,898
11,156,959
7,497,047
6,460,963
4,666,236
5,094,516
14,124,372
5,395,477
2,881,694
2,529,977
1,396,366
737,683
3,553,795
1,576,204
230,548
1,895,942
1,646,487
2,205,111
799,387
1,530,133
3,653,124
962,859
2,854,506
4,174,222
5,272,847
2,888,329
445,565
368,503
421,915'
757,574
745,107
236,737
359,826
3,162,920
174,800
308,728
8,076
307,431
62,321
414,075
89,484
112,330
40,933
3,856
93,975
0
3,923
4,800
0
144,709,174
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
9,068,575 ,
1,664,052
1,294,905
4,331,956
3,707,735
5,752,586
973,988
4,068,624
4,668,039
553,460
1,152,241
2,953,778
806,385
890,496
2,725,252
629,899
199,260
6,275,571
1,678,772
5,105,522
875,578
247,420
2,213,046
1 14,560
320,796
579,391
4,859,171
3,776,114
1,271,412
387,102
664,021
259,611
6,242
272,164
383,671
35,859
249,144
125,910
68,217
15,334
217,195
111,225
18,826
17,994
77
33,395
0
500
8
9,768
30,012
4,505
13,900
0
75,683,264
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
250
0
0
0
282
6,841
1,010
500
0
250
2,310
500
0
2
6,567
0
12,054
750
. 0
5,772
250
0
0
206,000
2,710
0
255
0
0
83,035
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,168
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
11,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
352,756
Total
Transfers
Out of State
Pounds
157,536,329
136,216,067
119,576,428
115,247,061
114,741,019
109,779,655
107,024,678
98,705,028
74,460,272
71,325,389
68,071,568
65,062,848
50,544,263
49,530,265
46,858,051
45,789,350
43,018,315
42,228,074
42,221,803
38,565,784
34,699,864
34,597,041
33,791,582
28,311,725
26,375,890
24,567,658
23,803,079
23,632,1 13
21,771,713
20,338,988
19,759,891
15,139,319
13,935,804
13,200,924
12,977,775
12,174,520
11,400,244
8,630,801
8,321,929
4,481,969
2,729,039
2,549,206
1,661,481
549,581
504,344
467,431
466,210
450,898
384,644
112,263
96,623
74,369
63,441
0
1,998,524,606
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
26
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-11. States with Net Imports of TRI Chemicals in Waste (Transfers Received from Out of State Minus
Transfers Sent Out of State), 1994 (Ordered by Net Imports).
State
Pennsylvania
Alabama
Indiana
Louisiana
Montana
Ohio
Connecticut
District of Columbia
New York
Missouri
Illinois
California
Virgin Islands
Tennessee
West Virginia
Nevada
North Dakota
Utah
Idaho
Alaska
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
154,982,454
7,677,144
47,758,462
45,990,376
31,977,832
-22,716,054
23.528,189
17,377,409
24,914,245
13,795,784
18,246,368
21,554,277
10,523,978
3,824,562
21,221,309
-225,624
147,616
-4,111,231
451,613
700,551
417,619,260
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
-17,257,609
7,915,945
15,820,749
3,015,531
-43,958
24,741,288
-1,453,196
0
-3,999,959
17,452,357
-3,834,611
-461,779
-47,629
3,959,263
-9,479,103
-5,950
14,480
790,660
-56,534
18,976
37,088,921
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
-6,493,780
918,371
5,882,189
10,209,401
-8,076
15,376,129
-4,009,368
450,213
-4,590,178
-12,996,653
-2,882,458
-2,399,801
-414,075
1,048,459
-4,141,739
59,293
-53,463
1,207,319
16,950
-30,838
-2,852,105
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
1,135,664
-3,160,265
-970,850
3,304,244
1,961,365
2,022,207
-214,889
-30,012
1,217,158
-2,892,621
3,492,014
-3,715,692
-77
-1,027,585
-907,048
2,830,034
1,399,922
3,560,493
432,044
3,137
8,439,243
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
10,533
1,888
9,354
3,200
0
250
36,942
0
-250
-2,060
15,675
-255
0
762
0
0
0
-250
0
0
75,789
Net
Imports
Pounds
132,377,262
68,934,240
68,499,904
62,522,752
33,887,163
19,423,820
17,887,678
17,797,610
17,541,016
15,356,807
15,036,988
14,976,750
10,062,197
7,805,461
6,693,419
2,657,753
1,508,555
1,446,991
844,073
691,826
515,952,265 .
RELEASES BY COUNTY
Figure 1-6 is a map depicting the counties that
rank in the top 10% nationally based on total
releases to air, land, and water as reported in
1994. This represents 230 counties out of the
2,300 counties with at least one facility report-
ing under TRI in 1994. A total of 8,599 facilities
in these counties filed TRI reports, representing
37,8% of all facilities reporting in the U.S.
These counties account for 67.8% of the total
releases to air, land, and water for the nation as
a whole.
Table 1-13 lists the top 50 counties for total air/
water/land releases. These top 50 counties
account for nearly 713 million pounds, or about
37.3% of the releases to air/water/land reported
to TRI nationally in 1994.
Releases can vary widely within a given county.
Some counties have multiple sources that
0 Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
contribute TRI releases, such as Harris County,
TX, with 272 facilities, while other counties,
such as Tooele, UT, have the vast majority of
their TRI-reported releases from a single
facility. The numbers of reporting facilities in
each county are included in Table 1-13. Within
a given county, TRI reporting facilities can be
located in relatively concentrated urban centers
or in sparsely populated rural areas.
Facilities report their city and county location
information to EPA on their Form Rs. EPA
enters this facility identification information as
reported by facilities. The county table and map
include certain independent cities which are not
part of any county (for example, Hopewell City,
VA). Some facilities, particularly those located
in or near independent cities or on county
borders, may misreport their county location.
Such misreporting could affect the totals and
rankings in this table.
27
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-12, States with Net Exports of TRI Chemicals In Waste (Transfers Sent Out of State Minus Transfers
Received from Out of State), 1994 (Ordered by Net Exports).
State
Arkansas
North Carolina
Iowa
Nebraska
Mississippi
Kansas
Wisconsin
Michigan
Kentucky
Maryland
Texas
Arizona
Georgia
Massachusetts
Oklahoma
Oregon
South Carolina
Delaware
Rhode Island
Florida
Colorado
Virginia
New Jersey
New Hampshire
Puerto Rico
Washington
Maine
Vermont
South Dakota
New Mexico
Minnesota
Wyoming
Hawaii
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
110,398,777
62,470,609
32,204,202
29,365,171
27,729,716
39,608,713
13,713,001
-6,666,484
30,334,321
21,897,362
22,959,514
18,069,107
9,317,034
8,372,387
10,919,704
12,473,780
22,282,236
9,548,757
11,141,842
8,547,881
8,386,847
13,671,417
20,385,766
7,789,313
2,003,769
2,970,322
1,718,211
1,215,817
310,299
-13,500
4,816,934
63,818
38,521
558,045,164
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
-2,268,885
3,996,886
5,041,399
614,991
3,203,718
-11,686,074
13,690,852
31,049,691
-4,485,61 1
-2,473,915
-1,935,545
292,654
3,937,145
2,608,547
-172,997
597,074
-9,647,254
2,264,458
465,583
-413,374
2,532,190
-6,257,374
3,335,816
323,433
3,087,023
246,536
468,497
118,704
99,166
147,786
-1,682,289
2,123
6,220
37,107,174
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
-4,360,477
8,989,611
1,320,652
77,482
1,849,182
335,317
-867,714
-599,392
-4,011,740
-171,749
1,288,422
659,067
1,639,339
2,448,841
494,673
351,870
1,379,909
-196,487
262,880
2,497,764
620,758
912,354
-15,945,616
358,416
3,162,920
31,556
306,977
286,937
40,933
89,484
-3,175,227
3,923
4,800
85,665
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
1,200,574
466,595
496,778
5,099,704
599,466
112,124
387,544
-256,408
-371,672
23,427
-3,013,965
50,070
2,310,962
117,992
2,142,657
-233,683
-1,514,758
381,417
24,089
567,360
-1,603,881
243,993
763,023
-17,352
68,217
238,873
217,195
13,320
500
30,395
262,494
4,505
13,900
8,825,455
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
-1,055
6,841
6,567
0
5,772
0
-1,642
-12,418
250
205,718
1,010
0
-202,577
2,710
0
0
-7,462
0
0
83,035
0
250
-28,118
12,158
0
0
0
0
0
11,000
0
0
0
82,039
Net
Exports
Pounds
104,968,934
75,930,542
39,069,598
35,157,348
33,387,854
28,370,080
26,922,041
23,514,989
21,465,548
19,480,843
19,299,436
19,070,898
17,001,903
13,550,477
13,384,037
13,189,041
12,492,671
11,998,145
11,894,394
11,282,666
9,935,914
8,570,640
8,510,871
8,465,968
8,321,929
3,487,287
2,710,880
1,634,778
450,898
265,165
221,912
74,369
63,441
604,145,497
Release information alone from TRI does not
provide an adequate basis for assessing potential
exposure or risk. While the counties in this table
and map have large releases relative to other
counties, these cannot be assumed to be "hot
spots" or areas of significant risk. Human
exposure potential depends on many factors in
addition to magnitude of release, such as release
medium, environmental and chemical fate
characteristics, proximity to population centers,
and demographic or human activity character-
istics as previously discussed. This map
QJ) Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
primarily provides a sense of the geographic
distribution of TRI total releases and shows
where the largest volumes of such releases
occur.
1994 TRI DATA BY INDUSTRY
The following section presents the TRI data by
industry group. Industry categories are based on
the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
code(s) reported by the facility on its Form R.
Facilities report their SIC codes at the four-digit
28
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
level—for example, SIC code 2873, Nitro-
genous Fertilizers. These specific industries are
grouped into broader categories at the three-
digit and two-digit SIC code levels; for
example, Nitrogenous Fertilizers falls into the
Agricultural Chemicals group at the three-digit
level (SIC code 287) and the Chemicals and
Allied Products major group (28). Most data
tables in this section present the data aggregated
by two-digit major groups.
Only manufacturing facilities in SIC major
groups 20 through 39 are required by law to
report to TRI. In addition, federal facilities are
now required to report to TRI under the terms of
a presidential executive order. Federal facilities
may fall in a variety of SIC code groupings,
both within and outside of the manufacturing
SIC code range. Federal facility data are
included in these tables under the SIC code
reported or under the "multiple codes" or "no
codes" categories, explained below. Federal
facility data are also presented separately in
Chapter 5 of this book.
Tables 1-14 and 1-15 present TRI releases and
transfers, respectively, by industry in SIC code
order. Figure 1-7 illustrates the levels of TRI
total releases and transfers reported across
industry sectors. The TRI reporting Form R
allows facilities to report more than one SIC
code as the facility determines to be appropriate
in characterizing its operations. Facilities that
reported two or more two-digit SIC codes
(major groups) within the manufacturing range
of 20-39 [for example, petroleum (29) and
chemicals (28)] are assigned to a "multiple
codes" category. Facilities reporting no SIC
code or SIC codes outside the 20-39 range are
assigned to a "no codes" category.
The industry categories with the largest quantity
of on-site TRI releases in 1994 were chemicals
(850.9 million pounds), primary metals (313.3
million pounds), and paper (246.1 million
pounds).
The chemical industry accounted for 17.7% of
all facilities reporting to TRI, 28.1% of all forms
filed, and 37.6% of all releases. Facilities in this
industry filed an average of 5.3 forms, compared
with 3.3 forms per facility for all industries.
Chemical manufacturing facilities report an
average of 211,339 pounds of releases, the
second-highest rate for all industry groups. This
industry accounts for nearly all of the reported
underground injection of waste (96.0%) and
60.8% of surface water discharges reported in
1994. Table 1-16 lists the releases of the
individual industry segments making up the
chemical manufacturing industry.
The primary metals industry accounted for 8.2%
of facilities, 8.9% of forms filed, and 13.9% of
all releases reported in 1994. This industry
reported the third-highest rate of releases per
facility (167,359 pounds). This industry
accounted for 59.4% of all land releases
reported in 1994.
Facilities in the paper industry reported
releasing an average of 457,457 pounds of TRI
chemicals in 1994, the highest rate of all
industries. This industry accounted for just 2.4%
of all facilities and 3.2% of all forms, yet
reported 10.9% of all releases in 1994. Nearly
all (93.3%) of this industry's releases in 1994
were in the form of air emissions.
Other industries with high levels of releases per
facility include petroleum (138,658 pounds per
facility), printing (118,628 pounds per facility),
facilities reporting multiple SIC codes (106,310
pounds per facility), and tobacco (102,730
pounds per facility). In contrast, facilities in the
food, machinery, electrical equipment, and
fabricated metals industries all reported average
releases of less than 30,000 pounds.
The industries with the largest quantities of
transfers of TRI chemicals in 1994 were primary
metals (1,142.1 million pounds), chemicals
29
-------
CO
o
Alaska
Top 1% to 5%
Top 6% to 10%
Puerto Rico
•8
I
10
8
I
I
m
(a
B>
Q.
Figure 1-6. Top 10% of U.S. Counties for Total Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994.
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-13. Top SO U.S. Counties for TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994 (Ordered by Total Air/Water/Land
Release).
County
Tooele
Lewis and Clark
Mobile
Harris
Polk
Ascension
Gila
Hamblen
Cook
Washington
St. James
Warren
Whiteside
Jefferson
Beaufort
Nueces
Los Angeles
Salt Lake
Wayne
Jefferson
Brazoria
St. Mary
Jefferson
Lake
Humphreys
Hidalgo
New Hanover
Shelby
Monroe
Ontonagon
East Baton Rouge
Kent
Orange
Madison
Calcasieu
Grant
Iron
Chatham
Sullivan
Defiance
Elkhart
Morgan
Hamilton
Cuyahoga
Clinton
Oakland
Hopewell City
Catawba
Saginaw
Wood
Subtotal
Total
State
UT
MT
AL
TX
FL
LA
AZ
TN
IL
OH
LA
MS
IL
TX
NC
TX
CA
UT
MI
MO
TX
LA
KY
IN
TN
NM
NC
TN
NY
MI
LA
MI
TX
IL
LA
NM
MO
GA
TN
OH
IN
AL
FL
OH
IA
MI
VA
NC
MI
WI
Facilities
Number
5
3
51
272
47
19
2
22
573
16
10
7
15
37
6
14
594
66
161
15
29
8
83
50
5
1
15
78
52
2
27
94
14
31 -
21
2
2
26
15
8
103
26
1
235
13
71
7
60
14
18
3,045
22,744
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
56,061,683
144,962
39,913,547
37,389,537
3,157,288
15,792,952
960,221
23,602,103
19,955,414
7,736,676
6,739,267
15,126,633
287,144
14,427,591
3,941,301
2,643,641
12,538,675
3,296,245
12,116,249
2,720,055
11,175,923
10,644,510
10,446,219
9,085,373
3,389.474
530,687
2,618,348
9,561,246
8,614,255
4,745,878
7,840,077
7,881,836
7,216,107
2,401,880
5,557,720
525,334
234,198
4,849,307
6,790,642
1,782,187
7,184,488
6,424,496
510,020
4,419,104
5,927,882
6,207,382
4,829,590
6,097,772
782,242
5,671,908
442,497,268
1,556,008,085
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
760
0
557,984
1,811,335
430
11,697,284
0
20,815
18,279
558,232
9,237,183
199,174
1,510
145,223
2,752
87,806
206,306
13,838
367,265
140,574
297,014
10
1,099
303,385
1,440,549
0
48,721
13,620
324,498
160
82,408
577
55,842
1 15,485
290,075
0
340
2,012,134
445,793
9,244
20,810
382,802
1,820
13,730
380,456
603
1,287,360
1
10,950
126,435
32,732,671
66,083,288
Releases
to Land
Pounds
4,838
43,482,219
456,882
972,475
35,833,233
442,894
24,705,434
136,600
13,731
10,808,000
919,862
0
14,600,000
123,221
10,172,700
10,036,046
4,817
9,271,698
2,057
8,982,266
247,333
0
13,250
977,330
4,780,080
9,071,770
6,926,898
506
1,852
3,942,000
206,292
20,726
427,120
5,040,766
1,681,932
6,859,255
7,068,912
433,800
53,523
5,451,472
20,795
48,736
6,200,250
2,029,499
14,040
265
237
0
5,034,047
21,006
237,542,665
289,151,126
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
56,067,281
43,627,181
40,928,413
40,173,347
38,990,951
27,933,130
25,665,655
23,759,518
19,987,424
19,102,908
16,896,312
15,325,807
14,888,654
14,696,035
14,116,753
12,767,493
12,749,798
12,581,781
12,485,571
11,842,895
11,720,270
10,644,520
10,460,568
10,366,088
9,610,103
9,602,457
9,593,967
9,575,372
8,940,605
8,688,038
8,128,777
7,903,139
7,699,069
7,558,131
7,529,727
7,384,589
7,303,450
7,295,241
7,289,958
7,242,903
7,226,093
6,856,034
6,712,090
6,462,333
6,322,378
6,208,250
6,117,187
6,097,773
5,827,239
5,819,349
712,772,604
1,911,242,499
31
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-14. TRI Releases by Industry, 1994.
SIC
Cade Industry
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stone/Clay/GIass
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip.
37 Transportation Equip.
38 Mcasure^Photo.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39®
No codes 20-39®
Total
Facilities®
Number
2,033
14
404
35
743
535
538
289
4,026
401
1,871
109
628
1,872
3,116
1,055
1,336
1,262
320
368
1,515
274
22,744
Forms
Number
3,676
27
834
64
1,953
1,595
2,421
570
21,200
3,087
3,881
279
1,538
6,694
8,574
2,854
3,641
4,498
812
801
5,429
904
75,332
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
26,005,508
1,427,988
17,458,655
1,380,507
33,856,456
50,511,989
229,543,443
34,281,257
410,156,718
51,102,015
118,166,398
3,866,308
17,760,279
126,859,506
87,133,771
25,185,738
33,803,599
121,191,221
17,586,696
13,969,632
122,692,723
12,067,678
1,556,008,085
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
1,193,304
10,227
171,693
3
103,663
10,597
11,819,622
843
40,192,804
1,680,211
91,480
136,794
151,559
3,887,963
74,383
125,620
137,364
73,242
336,487
1,367
5,266,352
617,710
66,083,288
Underground
Injection
Pounds
190,347
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
334,939,603
2,032,615
5
0
58,000
10,701,065
2,754
0
540
5
0
0
597,751
445,537
348,968,226
Releases
to Land
Pounds
5,005,989
0
16,446
25
12,012
74,879
4,748,673
1,370
65,562,226
787,073
257,442
16,436
1,521,031
171,847,781
713,868
157,126
167,193
245,859
8,085
7,032
32,502,952
5,497,628
289,151,126
Total
Releases
Pounds
32,395,148
1,438,215
17,646,798
1,380,535
33,972,131
50,597,465
246,111,738
34,283,470
850,851,351
55,601,914
118,515,325
4,019,538
19,490,869
313,296,315
87,924,776
25,468,484
34,108,696
121,510,327
17,931,268
13,978,031
161,059,778
18,628,553
2,260,210,725
(989.2 million pounds), and electrical equip-
ment (392.2 million pounds). Most of the
transfers reported by the primary metals and
electrical equipment industries were transfers to
recycling (79.4% and 90.9%, respectively). In
contrast, only 29.2% of the chemical industry's
transfers went to recycling; an additional 35.3%
were sent for energy recovery. The chemical
industry accounted for 75.3% of all transfers to
energy recovery.
Multiple SIC Codes
TRI facilities submitted 5,429 Form Rs that
indicated multiple SIC code combinations.
These forms contained information on 161.1
million pounds of total releases, the fourth-
largest quantity for any industry group. Table
1-17 shows the releases attributable to the 25
multiple SIC code combinations with the largest
releases in 1994. These combinations account
for 75.1% of the total releases associated with
multiple SIC code combinations. Many of the
same industries that rank high in releases
assigned specifically to that industry, such as
chemicals, paper, primary metals, and plastics,
also appear dominant in the multiple list. The
chemical industry appeal's in 12 of the 25
combinations.
SIC code combinations listed in Table 1-17 are
ranked in the order reported. Within this list,
some SIC code combinations repeat in a
Facilities have been assigned to the "multiple" category according to all the SIC codes they reported. Forms and amounts in
pounds have been assigned to single-category SIC codes if only one SIC code was reported for an individual chemical form from
the facility.
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)).
Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code or reported SIC codes outside the 2Q-to-39 range.
32
-------
Chapter 1 — 7994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-15. TRI Transfers by Industry, 1994.
SIC
Code Industry
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
3 1 Leather
32 Stone/Clay/Glass
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip.
37 Transportation Equip.
38 Measure./Photo.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39©
No codes 20-39©
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
1,614,495
0
719,188
88,230
628,621
4,203,844
1,777,955
6,227,974
288,959,374
138,146,538
21,437,129
519,020
2,934,320
906,355,211
274,675,734
58,564,992
356,622,030
158,589,083
14,030,539
18,792,735
196,884,828
4,349,108
2,456,120,948
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
145,090
0
1,286,396
125,515
2,590,799
6,351,652
8,858,060
3,301,701
349,323,954
1,394,025
8,181,095
265,177
4,326,037
12,330,449
13,520,686
2,965,746
9,407,366
16,381,143
3,059,143
2,742,912
16,760,874
888,663
464,206,483
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
3,158,345
5
610,181
121,699
312,475
1,741,963
8,885,222
532,339
176,170,382
1,282,517
3,426,836
21,770
2,373,324
47,453,454
17,792,338
1,849,394
11,892,539
7,905,930
4,317,789
853,393
25,780,587
2,327,851
318,810,333
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
24,379,638
70,078
5,465,073
21,736
55,947
144,461
42,045,891
230,359
140,192,126
4,864,698
1,965,510
2,427,582
795,617
5,571,990
2,987,498
1,431,242
6,207,584
3,272,571
759,439
551,065
10,690,885
557,846
254,688,836
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
1,120,552
1,963
757,544
69,673
5,143,312
283,715
2,864,589
61,595
34,051,254
3,513,539
12,421,402
1,474,536
5,964,808
169,927,921
18,755,239
3,269,838
8,030,829
9,324,006
824,507
1,344,760
16,619,988
1,774,892
297,600,462
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
5,504
0
0
0
250
12,613
20
22,740
475,389
0
1,628
0
5
431,544
314,792
21,252
13,832
2,261,013
0
19,357
20,287
2,200
3,602,426
Total
Transfers
Pounds
30,423,624
72,046
8,838,382
426,853
8,731,404
12,738,248
64,431,737
10,376,708
989,172,479
149,201,317
47,433,600
4,708.085
16,394,111
1,142,070,569
328,046,287
68,102,464
392,174,180
197,733,746
22,991,417
24,304,222
266,757,449
9,900,560 •
3,795,029,488
different order (30 and 28 also appear as 28 and
30). These similar combinations were not
presented in aggregate in order to preserve the
sequence in which they were reported. TRI
reporting guidance directs facilities to report the
SIC code that represents their primary economic
activity first. While it is unknown whether
facilities follow this guidance, the original order
may reflect the facilities' primary activity by the
leading codes.
Top 50 Facilities
Table 1-18 lists the top 50 facilities based on the
sum of amounts released to air, water, and land.
Figure 1-8 illustrates the approximate location
of the top 25 facilities for total air/water/land
releases. The size of the triangle designating the
facility's location is proportional to the quantity
of releases from that facility. While the top 50
facilities represent just 0.2% of all facilities
reporting to TRI, they accounted for 26.1% of
all the TRI releases to air, water, and land
reported in 1994. These facilities submitted an
average of 14.9 reports per facility, well above
the national average of 3.3 reports per facility.
Table 1-19 presents the top 50 facilities for total
TRI releases, including underground injection of
waste. These 50 facilities accounted for 32.4%
of TRI total releases, including underground
injection. Figure 1-9 displays the top 25 facili-
ties for TRI total releases, including under-
ground injection.
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code or reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
33
-------
CO
•n
&
i
33
re
w
n
to
fii
a
ta
I
3
O.
i
CO
Food 20
Tobacco 21
Textiles 22
Apparel 23
Lumber 24
Furniture 25
Paper 26
Printing 27
Chemicals 28
Petroleum 29
Plastics 30
Leather 31
Stone/Clay/Glass 32
Primary Metals 33
Fabr. Metals 34
Machinery 35
Electrical 36
Transport. Equip. 37
Measure./Photo. 38
Miscellaneous 39
Multiple Codes 20-39
No Codes 20-39
ro
o
o
8
O)
o
o
o
o
o
O
o
O)
o
o
CD
o
o
«
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o =
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9.
I
3
Q.
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o> 3
83 03
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t» W
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I
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-16. TRI Releases in Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SIC 28), by Three-Digit SIC Code, 1994.
SIC
Code Industry
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals
282 Plastics materials and synthetics
283 Drugs
284 Soap and cleaners
285 Paints and allied products
286 Industrial organic chemicals
287 Agricultural chemicals
289 Miscellaneous chemical products
Multiple within SIC 28®
Unknown/invalid SIC code
Total
Facilities
Number
504
372
213
430
586
438
258
680
540
5
4,026
Forms
Number
1,544
2,098
734
1,359
3,174
3,305
1,130
2,295
5,548
13
21,200
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
24,159,333
63,759,447
13,673,069
1,902,618
9,886,422
55,032,905
58,247,865
25,926,316
157,538,112
30,631
410.156,718
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
1,304,722
1,102,272
916,855
3,586
3,828
1,035,922
5,882,521
243,042
29,700,056
0
40,192,804
Underground
Injection
Pounds
127,349,069
84,050
6,826,250
15,431
0
55,736,382
2,391,290
0
142,537,131
0
334,939,603
Releases
to Land
Pounds
27,804,465
215,496
175,904
36,577
14,909
1,149,863
21,709,958
282,321
14,172,733
0
65,562,226
Total
Releases
Pounds
180,617,589
65,161,265
21,592,078
1,958,212
9,905,159
1 12,955,072
88,231,634
26,451,679
343,948,032
30,631
850,851,351
Table 1-17. Top 25 Combinations of Multiple Two-Digit SIC Codes 20-39 for TRI Releases, 1994.®
SIC
Codes
28
29
26
26
28
28
33
33
30
30
26
20
37
28
37
36
22
28
32
35
30
30
37
30
22
20
28
28
24
30
33
28
34
22
28
28 24
31
34
22
36
26
26 28
38
35
33
34
26 22
32
22 28
30
Subtotal
Total
Forms
Number
50
360
84
52
242
19
77
432
34
98
16
24
184
39
49
15
4
66
52
54
102
9
18
11
19
2,110
5,429
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,653,282
14,995,587
10,331,850
8,078,569
5,961,858
297,152
4,129,754
4,100,136
3,622,113
3,415,632
3,041,422
220,080
2,672,747
2,558,052
2,472,957
2,274,537
2,252,566
1,923,221
1,978,284
1,908,736
1,659,571
1,517,940
1,496,280
1,435,128
1,245,089
85,242,543
122,692,723
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
1,626
199,036
507,624
157,891
24,289
45,400
35,568
30,130
0
4,572
394,433
2,520,500
2,708
10,047
1,020
0
0
98,870
20
6
750
0
4,760
0
70
4,039,320
5,266,352
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
424,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
173,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
597,500
597,751
Releases
to Land
Pounds
25,100,000
388,714
23,020
780,055
1,055
4,629,900
23,256
57,623
0
41,199
0
83,850
347
10
0
0
0
23,631
0
0
275
0
0
0
0
31,152,935
32,502,952
Total
Releases
Pounds
26,754,908
16,007,337
10,862,494
9,016,515
5,987,202
4,972,452
4,188,578
4,187,889
3,622,113
3,461,403
3,435,855
2,997,930
2,675,802
2,568,109
2,473,977
2,274,537
2,252,566
2,045,722
1,978,304
1,908,742
1,660,596
1,517,940
1,501,040
1,435,128
1,245,159
121,032,298
161,059,778
Facilities have been assigned to the "multiple" category according to all the SIC codes they reported. Forms and amounts in
pounds have been assigned to single-category SIC codes if only one SIC code was reported for a particular chemical form from
the facility.
These combinations are taken in order reported on the TRI Form R. Facilities are asked to report their primary SIC code first.
Therefore, a combination of "28 30" would be different from "30 28" in that the primary manufacturing operations at the facility
fall under SIC code 28 (chemical manufacturing) in the first instance, but under 30 (plastics) in the second instance.
35
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1*18. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994.
Facility Name
Magnesium Corp, of America
ASARCO Inc.
Counaulds Fibers Inc.
IMC-Agrico Co.
Lcnzing Fibers Corp.
ASARCO Inc.
Elkcm Metals Co.
Northwestern Steel & Wire Co.
International Paper
PCS Phosphate Co. Inc.
Arcadian Fertilizer L.P.
IMC-Agrico Co.
American Chrome & Chemicals
Kcnnccott Utah Copper
Phelps Dodge Hidalgo Inc.
Doc Run Co.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp,
Chino Mines Co.
ASARCO Inc.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Tennessee Eastman
U.S. Siecl
Dow Chemical Co.
GM Powcrtrain Defiance
CF Ind. Inc.
Mississippi Chemical Corp.
CMC Powcrtrain
Cabot Corp.
Granite City Steel
Chcmctals Inc.
Champion Intl. Corp.
Unocal Agricultural Prods.
Kerr-McGce Chemical Corp.
Westvaco Corp.
Cabot Corp.
Wcstinghousc Electric Corp.
Louisiana-Pacific Corp.
Wcstvaco Corp.
Quantum Chemical Co.
Arcadian Fertilizer L.P.
Arcadian Ohio L.P.
IMC-Agrico Co.
DuPont
Eastman Chemical Co.
Tccpak Inc.
American Tape Co.
C»botCorp.
Shell Oil Co.
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Facilities
City State
Rowley
East Helena
Axis
Mulberry
Lowland
Hayden
Marietta
Sterling
Redwood
Aurora
Geismar
St. James
Corpus Christi
Magna
Playas
Herculaneum
Rochester
Claypool
Hurley
Annapolis
Castle Hayne
White Springs
Kingsport
Gary
Freeport
Defiance
Donaldsonville
Yazoo City
Saginaw
Ville Platte
Granite City
UT
MT
AL
FL
TN
AZ
OH
1L
MS
NC
LA
LA
TX
UT
NM
MO
NY
AZ
NM
MO
NC
FL
TN
IN
TX
OH
LA
MS
Ml
LA
!L
New JohnsonvilteTN
Canton
Kenai
Hamilton
Covington
Franklin
Hampton
Samoa
North Charleston
Clinton
Millington
Lima
Mulberry
Leland
Longview
Danville
Marysville
Tuscola
Deer Park
NC
AK
MS
VA
LA
SC
CA
SC
IA
TN
OH
FL
NC
TX
IL
MI
IL
TX
SIC
Code®
33
33
28
Mult.
28
33
33
33
26
28
28
28
28
33
33
33
38
33
33
33
28
28
28
33
28
33
28
28
33
28
33
28
26
28
Mult.
26
28
30
26
26
28
28
28
28
28
28
30
26
28
Mult.
Forms®
Number
7
10
7
4
7
9
8
8
10
7
14
g
5
13
3
9
65
6
2
6
4
6
71
26
88
22
10
5
20
4
31
5
16
10
8
14
4
11
9
12
13
10
9
3
23
41
4
2
2
54
745
75,322 I
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
55,776,250
133,312
32,923,505
689,100
21,400,765
827,521
5,106,676
140,660
14,265,850
3,565,879
1,537,306
5,975,029
91,120
427,005
530,687
256,355
7,557,431
132,700
525,334
232,845
4,847
510,020
5,982,030
5,817,169
5,938,140
659,071
5,564,199
4,631.163
289,008
5,245,700
388,972
233,738
4,672,417
4,619,512
161,806
4,616,046
4,415,000
4,389,840
453,270
4,053,000
4,085,460
4,049,242
3,987,100
72,450
3,797,152
3,889,960
3,829,736
3,788,464
3,698,763
3,287,992
249,226,597
,556,008,085
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
0
62,500
0
19,600
0
544,000
1,510
2,690
0
11,363,925
6,404,977
21,900
4,550
0
1,107
312,477
0
0
340
30
1,820
440,296
, 26,730
195,530
9,244
208,805
737,591
0
0
70,467
791
283,743
217,755
45,400
33,700
0
41
• 3,732,800
47,472
0
12,555
36,910
0
48,322
7,300
0
0
0
15,660
24,912,538
66,083,288
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
43,482,219
452,500
25,100,000
0
17,081,434
10,808,000
14,600,000
0
10,172,700
442,894
531,091
9,900,000
9,254,820
9,071,770
8,981,911
652
7,624,000
6,859,005
7,068,912
6,900,610
6,200,250
52,423
477,740
68,080
5.384,450
0
0
5,001,117
0
4,607,064
4,776,180
0
509
4,626,000
17,429
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,900,000
70,976
9,620
0
0
0
330,643
223,854,999
289,151,126
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
55,776,250
43,615,531
33,438,505
25,789,100
21,420,365
17,908,955
16,458,676
14,742,170
14,268,540
13,738,579
13,344,125
12,911,097
10,013,020
9,686,375
9,602,457
9,239,373
7,870.560
7.756.700
7,384,339
7,302.097
6,905,487
6,712,090
6,474,749
6,321,639
6,201,750
6,052,765
5,773,004
5,368,754
5,290,125
5,245,700
5,066,503
5,010,709
4,956,160
4,837,776
4,833.206
4,667,175
4,415,000
4,389,881
4,186,070
4,100,472
4,085.460
4,061,797
4,024,010
3,972,450
3,916,450
3,906.880
3,829,736
3,788,464
3,698,763
3,634,295
497,994,134
1,911,242,499
Mult, (multiple) means more than one SIC code reported in the range 20 through 39.
Number of forms is all chemical forms reported by the facility regardless of whether or not air, water, or land releases were
reported for a particular chemical.
36
-------
ASARCO Inc.
East Helena, MT
Eastman Kodak Co.
Rochester, NY
Kenneeott Utah Copper
Magna, UT
Northwestern) A
Steel & Wire Co. m
Sterling, IL
Magnesium Corp. of America
Rowley, UT
Elkem Metals Co.
Marietta, OH
Doe Run Co.
Herculaneum, MO
ASARCO Inc.
nnapolis, MO
Lenzing
Fibers Corp.
Lowland, TN
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Claypool, AZ
Chino Mines Co.
. Hurley, NM
ASARCO Inc.
Hayden, AZ
Phelps Dodge Hidalgo Inc.
Playas, NM
International Paper
Redwood, MS
\
Arcadian Fertilizer L.P.
Geismar,
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Axis, AL
Occidental Chemical Corp.
White Springs, FL
56.0 Million Pounds
IMC-Agrico Co.
Mulberry, FL
28.0 Million Pounds
American Chrome & Chemicals
Corpus Christi, TX
Tennessee Eastman
Division PCS Phosphate
Kingsport, TN A Co-lnc'
Aurora, NC
Occidental
Chemical Corp.
Castle Hayne, NC
5.6 Million Pounds
Legend presents representative
marker sizes; facility markers are
scaled to their individual quantities.
S
I
f
w Figure 1-8. Top 25 TRI Facilities with the Largest Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994.
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-19. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Total Releases, 1994.
Facility Name
DuPont
DuPont
Magnesium Coip. of America
ASARCO Inc.
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
DuPont
IMC-Agrico Co.
Coastal Chcm Inc.
Lcnzing Fibers Corp.
DuPont
Cylcc Ind. Inc.
ASARCO Inc.
Elkcm Metals Co.
Northwestern Steel & Wire Co.
International Paper
PCS Phosphate Co. Inc.
Areadian Fertilizer L.P.
IMC-Agrico Co.
Cabot Corp.
BP Chemicals Inc.
Monsanto Co.
American Chrome & Chemicals
Kennecott Utah Copper
Phelps Dodge Hidalgo Inc.
BP Chemicals Inc.
Doe Run Co.
Monsanto Co.
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Hoechst Celancse Chemical
Chino Mines Co.
ASARCO Inc.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Upjohn Co.
Occidental Chemical Corp.
Tennessee Eastman Div,
U.S. Steel
Dow Chemical Co.
Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
GM Powcrtrain Defiance
Angus Chemical Co.
CF Ind, Inc.
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical
Mississippi Chemical Corp.
AK Steel Corp.
CMC Powertrain
Cabot Corp.
Granite City Steel
Monsanto Co.
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Facilities
City
Pass Christian
State
MS
New Johnsonville TN
Rowley
East Helena
Axis
Beaumont
Mulberry
Cheyenne
Lowland
Victoria
Westwego
Hayden
Marietta
Sterling
Redwood
Aurom
Geismar
St. James
Tuscola
Port Lavaca
Cantonment
Corpus Christi
Magna
Playas
Lima
Herculaneum
Alvin
Texas City
Rochester
Claypool
Pasadena
Hurley
Annapolis
Castle Hayne
Portage
White Springs
Kingsport
Gary
Freeport
El Dorado
Defiance
Sterlington
Donaldsonville
Mulberry
Yazoo City
Middletown
Saginaw
Ville Plane
Granite City
Luling
UT
MT
AL
TX
FL
WY
TN
TX
LA
AZ
OH
1L
MS
NC
LA
LA
IL
TX
FL
TX
UT
NM
OH
MO
TX
TX
NY
AZ
TX
NM
MO
NC
MI
FL
TN
IN
TX
AR
OH
LA
LA
FL
MS
OH
MI
LA
IL
LA
SIC
Code§
28
28
33
33
28
28
Mult
28
28
28
28
33
33
33
26
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
. 33
33
28
33
28
28
38
33
28
33
33
28
28
28
28
33
28
28
33
28
28
28
28
33
33
28
33
28
)Formsg
Number
7
7
7
10
7
36
4
14
7
33
23
9
8
8
10
7
14
8
2
19
24
5
13
3
26
9
25
39
65
6
35
2
6
4
27
6
71
26
88
17
22
11
10
1
5
16
20
4
31
15
872
75,322 1,
Total
Air
l Emissions
Pounds
2,925,987
2,018,625
55,776,250
133,312
32,923,505
859,437
689,100
1,420,491
21,400,765
562,154
510,882
827,521
5,106,676
140,660
14,265,850
3,565,879
1,537,306
5,975,029
3,698,763
124,238
93,130
91,120
427,005
530,687
401,740
256,355
240,586
1,301,555
7,557,431
132,700
2,982,890
525,334
232,845
4,847
2,576,876
510,020
5,982,030
5,817,169
5,938,140
166,652
659,071
212,620
5,564,199
0
4,631,163
476,205
289,008
5,245,700
388,972
207,413
207,905,893
556,008,085
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
3,500
0
0
62,500
22,698
0
0
19,600
1,849
40,468
0
544,000
1,510
2,690
0
11,363,925
6,404,977
0
850
799
21,900
4,550
0
0
1,107
0
17,439
312,477
0
0
0
340
30
401,455
1,820
440,296
26,730
195,530
0
9,244
9,826
208,805
0
737,591
17,230
0
0
70,467
22,930
20,969,133
66,083,288
Underground
Injection
Pounds
57,000,000
55,000,000
0
0
0
31,987,660
0
20,073,000
0
20.514,642
19,962,750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,259,080
1 1,247,640
10,022,144
0
0
0
9,190,100
0
7,934,434
6,908,817
0
0
4,463,350
0
0
0
3,797,750
0
0
0
0
6,011,918
0
5,601,352
0
5,482,541
0
4,110,000
0
0
0
4,818,300
292,385,478
348,968,226
Releases
to Land
Pounds
160
0
0
43,482,219
452,500
0
25,100,000
0
0
24,085
0
17,081,434
10,808,000
14,600,000
0
10,172,700
442,894
531,091
0
29,321
0
9,900,000
9,254,820
9,071,770
0
8,981,911
139,000
0
652
7,624,000
0
6,859.005
7,068,912
6,900,610
0
6,200,250
52,423
477,740
68,080
0
5,384,450
0
0
0
0
761,030
5,001,117
0
4,607,064
0
211,077,238
289,151,126
Total
Releases
Pounds
59,926,147
57,022,125
55,776,250
43,615,531
33,438,505
32,869,795
25,789,100
21,493,491
21,420.365
21,102,730
20,514,100
17.908,955
16,458,676
14,742,170
14,268,540
13,738,579
13,344,125
12,911,097
11,957,843
11,402,049
10,1 16,073
10,013,020
9,686,375
9,602,457
9,591,840
9,239,373
8,314,020
8,227,811
7,870,560
7,756,700
7,446,240
7,384,339
7,302,097
6,905,487
6,776,081
6,712,090
6,474,749
6,321,639
6,201,750
6.178,570
6,052,765
5,823,798
5,773,004
5,482,541
5,368,754
5,364,465
5,290,125
5,245,700
5,066,503
5,048,643
732,337,742
2,260,210,725
Q) Mult, (multiple) means more than one SIC code reported in the range 20 through 39.
© Number of forms is all chemical forms reported by the facility regardless of whether or not releases were reported for a particular
chemical.
38
-------
ASARCO Inc.
East Helena, MT
Northwestern
Steel& Wire Co.
Sterling, IL A
Kennecott Utah Copper
Magna,
Coastal Chem Co.
Cheyenne, WY
BP Chemicals Inc.
A Lima, OH
Magnesium Corp. of America
Rowley, UT
Cabot Corp, A
7 Tuscola, IL *
Elkem Metals Co.
Marietta. OH
Lenzing
Fibers Corp,
Lowland, TN
DuPont
New Johnsonviile, TN
Pnelps Dodge Hidalgo Inc.
Playas, NM
international Paper
Redwood, MS
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Axis^AL
Monsanto Co.
Cantonment, FL
DuPont
Pass Christian, MS
IMC-Agrico Co.
Mulberry, FL
DuPont
Vioton'a, TX
EP chemicals Inc.
Cytec Industries Inc.
Westwego, LA
American Chrome & Chemicals
Corpus Christ!, TX
Arcadian Fertilizer L.P
Getsmar, LA
PCS Phosphate
» Co. Inc.
m Aurora, NC
60.0 Million Pounds
30.0 Million Pounds
6.0 Million Pounds
legend presents representative
marker sizes; facility markers are
scaled to their individual quantities.
ra
8!
§
___ IMC-Agrico Co.
St. James, LA
Figure 1-9. Top 25 TRI Facilities with the Largest Total Releases, 1994.
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-20. Top 10 TRI Parent Companies with the Largest Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994.
Company Name
ASARCO Inc.
Rcnco Group Inc.
IMC Global Inc.
International Paper
General Motors Corporation
Courtaulds United States Inc.
DuPont
Arcadian Partners LP
Georgia-Pacific Corporation
Ford Motor Company
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Facilities
Facilities Forms
Number Number
11 91
12 52
13 60
71 351
112 874
9 53
70 751
8 72
90 422
50 543
446 3,269
22,744 75,332
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,535,675
56,515,642
7,846,007
42,672,755
25,835,142
34,006,923
32,420,732
12,697,381
23,713,462
25,732,230
262,975,949
1,556,008,085
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
11,767
7,988
9,277,722
359,594
35,382
62,500
927,694
13,239,845
668,400
42,795
24,633,687
66,083,288
Releases
to Land
Pounds
67,648,452
9,560,691
30,623,077
79,538
10,971,222
452,500
333,289
458,387
1,827,214
250
121,954,620
289,151,126
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
69,195,894
66,084,321
47,746,806
43,111,887
36,841,746
34,521,923
33,681,715
26,395,613
26,209,076
25,775,275
409,564,256
1.911,242,499
Top 10 Parent Companies
This section summarizes TRI data by the parent
companies of reporting facilities. Each facility is
required to report the name of its parent
company (if applicable) on the TRI Form R. The
parent company is the company that owns or
controls the facility. For TRI purposes, the
parent company of a facility is defined as the
highest-level company located in the United
States that directly owns at least 50% of the
voting stock of the company of which the
facility is a part. In some cases, this information
is omitted or the facility reports a company that
is not the highest-level parent. For the purpose
of this analysis, in cases where the ultimate
parent was not identified, a parent company was
assigned through a search of the most recent
Dun and Bradstreet data using the facility-level
information provided on the Form R.
Table 1-20 presents releases and number of
forms and facilities attributable to the top 10
parent companies based on the sum of amounts
released to air, water, and land. These parent
companies accounted for only 2.0% of all
facilities and 4.3% of all forms, yet they
accounted for 21.4% of TRI releases to air,
water, and land.
Table 1-21 presents releases and numbers of
forms and facilities attributable to the top 10
parent companies for total TRI releases,
including underground injection. Again, these
parent companies accounted for only 1.9% of all
facilities and 4.0% of all forms, yet they
accounted for 25.7% of total TRI releases,
including underground injection.
40
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TfJI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-21, Top 10 TRI Parent Companies with the Largest Total Releases, 1994.
Company Name
DuPont
ASARCO Inc.
Renco Group Inc.
IMC Global Inc.
International Paper Company
General Motors Corporation
Courtaulds United States Inc.
Monsanto Company
Arcadian Partners LP
Georgia-Pacific Corporation
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Facilities
Facilities
Number
70
11
12
13
71
112
9
27
8
90
423
22,744
Forms
Number
751
91
52
60
351
874
53
264
72
422
2,990
75,332 1
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
32,420,732
1,535,675
56,515,642
7,846,007
42,672,755
25,835,142
34,006,923
3,941,932
12,697,381
23,713,462
241,185,651
,556,008,085
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
927,694
11,767
7,988
9,277,722
359,594
35,382
62,500
455,721
13,239,845
668,400
25,046,613
66,083,288
Underground
Injection
Pounds
169,887,689
159,870
0
0
0
0
0
22,774,878
0
0
192,822,437
348,968,226
Releases
to Land
Pounds
333,289
67,648,452
9,560,691
30,623,077
79,538
10,971,222
452,500
218,560
458,387
1,827,214
122,172,930
289,151,126
Total
Releases
Pounds
203,569,404
69,355,764
66,084,321
47,746,806
43,111,887
36,841,746
34,521,923
27,391,091
26,395,613
26,209,076
581,227,631
2,260,210,725
1994 TRI DATA BY CHEMICAL
This section presents chemical-specific TRI data
for 1994, as well as data for certain groups of
TRI chemicals, such as metals and ozone-
depleting chemicals. Also included is informa-
tion about the uses, toxicity, and environmental
fate of the highest-volume TRI chemicals. The
section concludes with a table which presents
the summary release and transfer data for all
TRI chemicals for which 1994 reports were
received.
Ammonia Reporting
Significant changes recently were made to the
reporting requirements for ammonia and
ammonium compounds. Because of these
changes, data users must convert reported
quantities of aqueous ammonia to total aqueous
ammonia values when analyzing the data. Box
1-3 explains the changes in reporting require-
ments for ammonia, ammonium sulfate
(solution), and ammonium nitrate (solution) in
detail. Table 1-22 illustrates these adjustment
calculations at the national level. Note that,
because the reporting requirement changes were
made close to the deadline for 1994 reporting,
facilities were allowed to report under either the
old or the new requirements. Therefore,
ammonium sulfate (solution) remains in the
database for 1994, and ammonia values in the
database may or may not represent 10% of total
aqueous ammonia.
Use, Toxicity, and
Environmental Fate Information
TRI chemicals exhibit a variety of adverse
health and environmental effects. Box 1-4
shows the potential effects of the top 25 TRI
chemicals for largest air/water/land releases.
Acute Toxicity: Toxicity that results from a
single exposure to a chemical.
Carcinogenieity: The ability of a chemical to
produce cancer.
Chronic Toxicity: Toxicity that often results
from a repeated long-term exposure to a
chemical, although chronic effects may result
from short-term exposures. The adverse effects
are produced on the thyroid, liver, kidney,
spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and/or respiratory
system.
41
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
An Explanation of the Modification to the
Reporting Requirements for Aqueous Ammonia and the
Delisting of Ammonium Sulfate (Solution) and Ammonium Nitrate (Solution)
On June 30, 1995 EPA finalized four actions in response to a petition to delete ammonium sulfate (solution) from
the list of toxic chemicals subject to reporting under EPCRA Section 313. The four actions taken are summarized as
follows: (1) deleted the sulfate portion of ammonium sulfate (solution) from the list of toxic chemicals and made the
ammonia portion reportable under the ammonia listing, (2) required that threshold and release determinations for
aqueous ammonia be based on 10% of the total aqueous ammonia present in aqueous solutions of ammonia, (3)
modified the ammonia listing by adding the following qualifier: ammonia (includes anhydrous ammonia and aqueous
ammonia from water dissociable ammonium salts and other sources; 10% of total aqueous ammonia is reportable
under this listing), and (4) removed the specific listing for ammonium nitrate (solution) although the ammonia portion
is still reportable under the ammonia listing and as discussed below, ammonium nitrate is also reportable under the
nitrate compounds category. All actions were effective for the 1994 reporting year for reports due July 1, 1995, with
the exception of the deletion of the specific listing for ammonium nitrate (solution), which is effective for the 1995
reporting year for reports due July 1, 1996. '
In previous reporting years there was a great deal of confusion as to what should be reported under the ammonia
listing. The confusion was over the sources of aqueous ammonia that must be included and how aqueous ammonia
should be reported. Modifying the ammonia listing by adding the above qualifier should result in more consistent and
accurate reporting under this listing since it clarifies what is reportable. The requirement to only report 10% of total
aqueous ammonia under the ammonia listing takes into account the fact that one form of ammonia is relatively more
toxic to aquatic organisms and that under many environmental conditions this form makes up no more than 10% of
total aqueous ammonia. The 10% reporting limit for aqueous ammonia means that some facilities will no longer meet
reporting thresholds and that the pounds of aqueous ammonia reported as released and transferred from the facilities
that do report may be lower. It is important to remember that the 10% reporting limit only applies to aqueous
ammonia, anhydrous ammonia is still 100% reportable.
Although the listing for ammonium sulfate (solution) has been deleted from the list, the aqueous ammonia from
this chemical is still reportable under the ammonia listing. Since this deletion came late in the reporting year a number
of reports were filed for this chemical. Therefore, ammonium sulfate (solution) is still included in this data release in
order to include the aqueous ammonia from this chemical. In order to determine the amount of aqueous ammonia from
ammonium sulfate (solution) that should be added to the aqueous ammonia totals, the amount of ammonium sulfate
(solution) is multiplied by 0.026. This represents 10% of the total aqueous ammonia present in ammonium sulfate
(solution) since ammonia (as NHj) makes up 26% of ammonium sulfate.
The removal of the ammonium nitrate (solution) listing will be reflected in next years data release. Like
ammonium sulfate (solution), the aqueous ammonia from ammonium nitrate (solution) will still be reportable under
the ammonia listing. In order to determine the amount of aqueous ammonia from ammonium nitrate (solution) that
should be added to the aqueous ammonia totals, the amount of ammonium nitrate (solution) is multiplied by 0.021.
This represents 10% of the total aqueous ammonia present in ammonium nitrate (solution) since ammonia (as NHj)
makes up 21% of ammonium nitrate. In addition, ammonium nitrate is also reportable under the nitrate compounds
category which was added for the 1995 reporting year. Although this chemical is reportable under two listings, no
double reporting of releases or transfers will occur since under the nitrate compounds category only the weight of the
nitrate ion is included in calculations of releases and transfers.
In order to determine the quantity of total aqueous ammonia released to surface water, land, or underground
injection, data users must multiply the reported quantity by 10. For example, to make use of the quantities reported for
aqueous ammonia in any analysis of releases to surface waters, the reported amounts must be converted to total
aqueous ammonia values. This is necessary in order to take into account site specific conditions of pH and
temperature which determine the amount of total ammonia that will be present in the more aquatically toxic form. To
convert the reported aqueous ammonia values to total ammonia, simply multiply amounts by 10. Table 1-22 shows
aqueous ammonia totals recalculated to include aqueous ammonia from reports received on ammonium sulfate
(solution) and ammonium nitrate (solution) plus the aqueous ammonia totals recalculated in terms of total aqueous
ammonia.
Box 1-3. An Explanation of the Modification to the Reporting Requirements for Aqueous Ammonia and the
Delisting of Ammonium Sulfate (Solution) and Ammonium Nitrate (Solution)
42
-------
Chapter 1 — 7994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-22. Adjusted Ammonia Releases, 1994.
Chemical
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Ammonia
Re-calculated Ammonia®
Total Ammonia®
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
92,657
4,348
39,855,072
39,857,131
39,857,131
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
715,856
150,580
116,131,189
116,150,137
116,150,137
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
6,978,376
4,196,377
14,613,475
14,869,127
148,691,270
Underground
Injection
Pounds
51,190,858
130,044
29,059,299
30,137,688
301,376,880
Releases
to Land
Pounds
1,568,145
73,117
6.142,040
6,176,872
61,768,720
Total
Releases
Pounds
60,545,892
4,554,466
205,801,075
207,190,955
667,844,138
Developmental Toxicity: Any detrimental
effect produced by exposure to the chemical
during embryonic stages of development. These
effects include structural abnormalities,
functional abnormalities, growth retardation, or
death of the fetus.
Reproductive Toxicity: Adverse effects on the
reproductive system that may result from
exposure to a chemical. These may include
alterations in sexual behavior, fertility, preg-
nancy outcomes, or modifications in hormonal
functions that are dependent on the integrity of
this system.
Neurotoxicity: Adverse effects on the nervous
system following exposure to a chemical.
Other Effects: Toxic effects can be caused by
the degradation products of the parent
compound.
Environmental Effects: Adverse effects on
aquatic and terrestrial organisms, such as reduc-
tion in agricultural productivity, fish kills, and
death of birds. Some chemicals can cause
adverse effects by ozone depletion and eutro-
phication. (Eutrophication is a result of the
overgrowth of algae whose death and decay may
lead to depletion of dissolved oxygen in the
water. Low levels of dissolved oxygen limit the
type of aquatic organisms that can survive in the
water, possibly resulting in fish kills.)
The following information on use, toxicity, and
environmental fate is provided for the top 10
chemicals with the largest releases in 1994.
Methanol
Uses. Methanol is used as a solvent, as a raw
material in the synthesis of organic chemicals,
as a fuel, as a de-icing agent, and to denature
ethanol.
Toxicity. Methanol is readily absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory tract,
and is toxic to humans in moderate to high
doses. In the body, methanol is converted into
formaldehyde and formic acid. Observed toxic
effects at high dose levels include central
nervous system damage and blindness. Inhala-
tion of methanol at relatively high doses affects
the liver and blood in animals.
Methanol is expected to have low toxicity to
aquatic organisms and is not likely to persist in
water or to bioaccumulate in aquatic life.
Includes aqueous ammonia from ammonium sulfate (solution) and ammonium nitrate (solution).
Aqueous ammonia releases multiplied by a factor of 10 (applies only to surface water discharges, underground injection, and
releases to land).
43
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TFH Releases and Transfers
*>,?:
S&
' CJ
%«"-
' x "tea.'
s* '•'•'•&-'• S e
• /
— Manganese compounds T~"a /
100-42-5 Styrene =T
71-55-6 1,1,1-TrichIotocthanc * vi
74-85-1 Ethylcne tjgg
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene *"~'
71-36-3 n-Butyl alcohol ^^
108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl ketone -a&-
7664-93-9 Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols) ^,
— Chromium compounds _ /
115-07-1 Propylene '^
463-58-1 Carbonyl sulfide _ /
— Lead compounds . w /
/ .
/
/
/®
^©
/
/
/
/®
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
^
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
^
/
/
/
/
, ^
^ :?sr2«
IS! «^
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• '.;-«'
- ?*
;I§ ^
?i^i
T' s'i: •" x
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\-,^.;
<«)j;.
•:i:i»«V y
35 •/
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s|p ^
;4"^;; >•
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IS
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!;i?,^;'
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^©
/©
/
/
X
/
X
Box 1-4. Potential Adverse Human Health and Environmental Effects of the Top 25 TRI Chemicals with the
Largest Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994.®
© Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
© Distinctions among cancer classifications are discussed in the OSH A carcinogen section of this chapter.
© Toxictty resulting from the metabolite or degradation product of the parent compound,
© Contributes to ozone formation in the lower atmosphere; however, the extent of contribution to smog formation is
unknown.
© Concentrated solutions are corrosive.
© Aerosol forms.
Q) Chromium VI is carcinogenic.
© Inorganic compounds.
© Sources: Integrated Risk Management System, Hazardous Substances Data Bank, OPPT's Background Documents for
Chemical Fact Sheets, EPCRA Section 313 Responses to Petitions, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's
Toxicological Profiles, and Environmental Health Perspective, Vol. 37, 1984.
44
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Environmental Fate. Methanol reacts in air to
produce formaldehyde, which contributes to
formation of air pollutants. In the atmosphere, it
can react with other chemicals or be washed out
by rain. Methanol is readily degraded by micro-
organisms in soils and surface waters.
Ammonia
Uses. Ammonia is used in the manufacture of
nitrogen compounds, including chemicals used
as fertilizers or in making nylon and plastics. It
is also used in refrigeration, paper and pulp
production, explosives, cleaners, and metal-
treating operations.
Toxicity. Anhydrous ammonia is a corrosive
and severely irritating gas with a pungent odor;
it is irritating to the skin, eyes, nose, throat, and
upper respiratory system.
Aqueous ammonia is moderately toxic to
aquatic organisms. Because it is a source of
nitrogen, an essential element for aquatic plant
growth, ammonia may contribute to eutrophi-
cation of standing or slow-moving surface
water, particularly in nitrogen-limited waters,
such as the Chesapeake Bay.
Environmental Fate. Ammonia combines with
sulfate ions in the atmosphere and is washed out
by rainfall, resulting in rapid return of ammonia
to the soil and surface waters. Ammonia is a
central compound in the environmental cycling
of nitrogen. Ammonia in lakes, rivers, and
streams is converted to nitrate.
Toluene
Uses. Toluene is a flammable liquid used in the
manufacture of organic chemicals, as a solvent
for paint, gums, and resins, and as an additive
for gasoline.
Toxicity. Inhalation or ingestion of toluene can
cause headaches, confusion, weakness, and
memory loss. Toluene may also affect the way
the kidneys and liver function. Some studies
have shown that unborn animals were harmed
when high levels of toluene were inhaled by
their mothers, although the same effects were
not seen when the mothers were fed large
quantities of toluene.
Reactions of toluene in the atmosphere con-
tribute to the formation of ozone in the lower
atmosphere. Ozone can affect the respiratory
system, especially in sensitive individuals such
as asthma or allergy sufferers.
Environmental Fate. As a volatile organic
chemical, toluene will react with other atmos-
pheric components in the lower atmosphere,
contributing to the formation of ozone and other
air pollutants. The majority of releases to land
and water will evaporate. Toluene may also be
degraded by microorganisms.
Xylenes
Uses. Xylenes are used in the manufacture of
organic chemicals as a raw material and as a
solvent. They are also used as solvents for
paints, coatings, adhesives, and rubbers.
Toxicity. Xylenes are rapidly absorbed into the
body after inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.
Short-term exposure to high levels of xylenes
can cause irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, and
throat, difficulty in breathing, impaired lung
function, impaired memory, and possible
changes in the liver and kidneys. Both short-
and long-term exposure to high concentrations
can cause headaches, dizziness, confusion, and
lack of muscle coordination. Reactions of
xylenes in the atmosphere contribute to the
formation of ozone in the lower atmosphere.
45
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Ozone can affect the respiratory system,
especially in sensitive individuals such as
asthma or allergy sufferers.
Environmental Fate. The majority of releases
to land and water will quickly evaporate,
although some degradation by microorganisms
will occur, Xylenes are moderately mobile in
soils and may leach into groundwater, where
they may persist for several years. As volatile
organic chemical, xylenes will react with other
atmospheric components in the lower atmos-
phere, contributing to the formation of ozone
and other air pollutants.
Carbon Disulfide
Uses. Carbon disulfide is a flammable liquid
used in the manufacture of rayon and organic
chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride, as a
fumigant, as a corrosion inhibitor, and in metal
treating and plating.
Toxicity. Breathing large amounts of carbon
disulfide can irritate the eyes, throat, and
respiratory system and cause tremors, convul-
sions, and coma. Exposure to low levels may
increase blood pressure and can cause coronary
heart disease. Studies indicate that carbon
disulfide can adversely affect the developing
fetus.
Environmental Fate. Carbon disulfide is a
volatile liquid. The majority of releases to land
and water will evaporate into the atmosphere.
Releases to land may leach into the ground,
where the carbon disulfide may be degraded by
microorganisms. In the atmosphere, carbon
disulfide will react with oxygen and other
chemicals to form atmospheric pollutants.
Zinc Compounds
Uses. Zinc is used as a coating on iron and steel
and in making brass metal alloys. Zinc com-
pounds are widely used in industry to make
paint, rubber, dye, wood preservatives, and
ointments.
Toxicity. Zinc compounds are listed on TRI
primarily due to concerns for the toxicity of the
parent metal, zinc. EPA has categorized zinc as
a Group D carcinogen, meaning that sufficient
evidence is not available to classify zinc as to its
cancer-causing potential. EPA has established
an oral reference dose (RfD) of 0.3 mg/kg/day
for soluble zinc salts. Zinc has been shown to
damage the developing fetus at doses as low as
100 mg/kg/day in animal studies,
Environmental Fate. Many zinc salts are
highly soluble in water. Zinc and its salts are
highly toxic to aquatic organisms. Zinc is likely
to persist in water. Its concentration in aquatic
tissue is expected to be significantly higher than
its concentration in surrounding water.
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Uses. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is used as a
solvent in protective coatings, adhesives, print-
ing inks, and paint removers, in the production
of magnetic tapes, and for dewaxing lubricating
oils. It is also used as a chemical intermediate in
numerous chemical reactions.
Toxicity. Breathing moderate amounts of MEK
for short periods of time can cause adverse
effects on the nervous system ranging from
headaches, dizziness, nausea, and numbness in
the fingers and toes to unconsciousness. Its
vapors are irritating to the skin, eyes, nose, and
throat and can damage the eyes. Repeated
exposure to moderate to high amounts may
cause liver and kidney effects.
46
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TFH Releases and Transfers
Environmental Fate. MEK is a flammable
liquid. Most of the MEK released to the
environment will end up in air. MEK can
contribute to the formation of air pollutants in
the lower atmosphere. It can be degraded by
microorganisms living in water and soil.
Phosphoric Acid
Uses. Phosphoric acid is used to make phos-
phate fertilizers and agricultural chemicals. It is
also used in foods such as soft drinks, as a
catalyst, and in treating metal surfaces.
Toxicity. Because it is a source of phosphorus,
an essential element for aquatic plant growth,
phosphoric acid may contribute to eutrophica-
tion of standing or slow-moving surface water,
particularly in phosphorus-limited waters such
as the Great Lakes.
Environmental Fate. The acidity of phosphoric
acid may be reduced readily by natural water-
hardness minerals. The phosphate will persist
until used by plants as a nutrient.
Hydrochloric Acid
Uses. Hydrochloric acid has various uses,
including neutralization of waste streams/pH
adjustment of process waters, in the manu-
facture of chemicals, and in the cleaning and
preparation of metals for coatings.
Toxicity. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is
corrosive. However, hydrochloric acid is
primarily a concern in its aerosol form. Acid
aerosols have been implicated in causing and
exacerbating a variety of respiratory ailments.
Accidental releases of solution forms of hydro-
chloric acid may adversely affect aquatic life by
inducing a transient lowering of the pH (i.e.,
increasing the acidity) of a surface water.
Environmental Fate. Releases of hydrochloric
acid to surface waters and soils will be
neutralized to an extent due to the buffering
capacities of both systems. The extent of these
reactions will depend on the characteristics of
the specific environment.
Dichloromethane
Uses. Dichloromethane is used as a solvent for
cellulose acetate, in degreasing, and as a
cleaning fluid. It is also used as a solvent in
food processing and as a pharmaceutic aid.
Toxicity. Exposure to dichloromethane may
result in adverse liver and kidney effects. It is
classified as a Group B2 chemical, or probable
human carcinogen. It has been shown to cause
cancer in animals in both oral and inhalation
exposure studies.
Environmental Fate. Dichloromethane is likely
to evaporate when exposed to air. It is expected
to react in the lower atmosphere, but not
expected to stay in the air long enough to reach
the stratosphere (the upper layer of the atmos-
phere). Therefore, it is not considered a source
of ozone-destroying chlorine atoms. Dichloro-
methane is not expected to persist in water or to
bioaccumulate in aquatic life.
Chemical-Specific Data Tables
The following tables provide the 1994 TRI data
by chemical. Table 1-23 lists the top 50 TRI
chemicals with largest air, water, and land
releases. Table 1-24 lists the top 50 TRI chemi-
cals with the largest total releases, including
underground injection.
Tables 1-25 to 1-33 provide the top 15 chemi-
cals released to each medium and transferred
off-site for each waste management activity.
47
-------
Chapter 1 — 7994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-23. Top 50 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994.
CAS
Number® Chemical
67-56-1 Mcthanol
7664-41-7 Ammonia
108-88-3 Toluene
1330-20-7 Xylcne (mixed isomers)
75-15-0 Carbon disulfide
— Zinc compounds
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl kctone
7664-38-2 Phosphoric acid
7647-01-0 Hydrochloric acid
75-09-2 Dichloromethane
7782-50-5 Chlorine
— Glycol ethers
— Copper compounds
— Manganese compounds
100-42-5 Styrene
71-55-6 1.1,1-Trichloroethane
74-85-1 Ethylene
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
71-36-3 n-Butyl alcohol
108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl ketone
7664-93-9 Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
— Chromium compounds
115-07-1 Propylcne
463-58-1 Carbonyl sulfidc
— Lead compounds
75-07-0 Acelaldchyde
100-41-4 Ethylbcnzene
50-00-0 Formaldehyde
107-21-1 Ethylene glycol
67-66-3 Chloroform
127-18-4 Tctrachlorocthylene
7440-66-6 Zinc (fume or dust)
71-43-2 Benzene
6484-52-2 Ammonium nitrate (solution)
7439-96-5 Manganese
110-82-7 Cyclohexane
108-95-2 Phenol
75-45-6 Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22)
95-63-6 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1717-00-6 1,1-Dichloro-l-fluoroethane
(HCFC-141b)
7664-39-3 Hydrogen fluoride
75-68-3 1-Chloro-I.l-difluorocthane
(HCFC-I42b)
74-87-3 Chloromcthane
76-13-1 Freon 113
75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)
7783-20-2 Ammonium sulfate (solution)
108-05-4 Vinyl acetate
106-42-3 p-Xylcne
1634-04-4 Methyl tert-butyl ether
91-20-3 Naphthalene
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
32,088,254
39,855,072
57,656,473
24,902,804
3,735,747
1,891,457
27,184,737
282,950
3,489,997
25,022,843
1,276,642
10,455,326
3,236,400
1,125,401
13,761,915
20,070,741
14,668,769
14,788,788
6,412,269
6,847,214
1,444,190
174,722
12,361,218
77,490
507,374
1,277,627
3,258,605
1,803,777
5,300,772
3,450,479
4,671,751
767,882
5,266,338
92,657
551,291
3,532,751
2,506,650
4,174,501
2,618,939
4,399,218
2,720,617
556,247
949,731
3,337,957
3,004,180
4,348
1,397,331
808,400
898,970
1,744,636
382,414,448
407,515,304
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
185,724,754
116,131,189
110,561,812
83,430,835
79,582,068
3,063,796
51,440,202
751,694
69,181,592
37,687,647
58,502,168
38,065,248
2,131,573
1,842,932
25,587,630
17,981,336
20,601,567
15,083,085
21,838,819
18,429,655
22,514,638
332,632
8,090,630
17,068,681
894,106
10,869,272
8,844,428
9,674,746
4,354,999
7,472,557
5,530,378
896,245
4,226,037
715,856
229,593
5,145,330
5,919,567
3,806,425
5,122,541
3,243,616
4,661,457
5,095,881
4,115,002
1,738,081
1,867,929
150,580
2,629,552
2,612,682
2,202,805
1,322,113
1,108,967,961
1,148,492,781
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
11,007,879
14,613,475
82,751
43,961
62,529
1,438,199
108,385
20,900,384
25,991
52,289
516,005
292,472
83,187
733,537
75,579
1,980
27,438
1,671
50,681
80,177
212,138
158,795
4,584
0
53,431
282,750
10,978
388,750
784,402
362,812
3,872
28,373
22,256
6,978,376
88,895
31,695
121,450
2,340
9,163
270
28,129
330
59,463
1,504
431
4,196,377
1,386
9,690
90,240
28,179
64,159,629
66,083,288
Releases
to Land
Pounds
2,602,696
6,142,040
161,205
244,726
80
75,174,770
51,794
56,785,731
263,737
50,845
63,098
50,785
41,449,920
37,796,986
480,863
2,732
0
4,417
2,161
12,925
515,147
20,636,107
0
0
14,656,876
20,352
54,286
149,116
1,051,939
11,667
4,349
8,462,944
25,371
1,568,145
8,484,764
18,138
172,458
1,637
14,957
49,744
27,643
0
34
0
0
73,117
1,775
587
2,225
47,014
277,391,903
289,151,126
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
231,423,583
176,741,776
168,462,241
108,622,326
83,380,424
81,568,222
78,785,118
78,720,759
72,961,317
62,813,624
60,357,913
48,863,831
46,901,080
41,498,856
39,905,987
38,056,789
35,297,774
29,877,961
28,303,930
25,369,971
24,686,113
21,302,256
20,456,432
17,146,171
16,111,787
12,450,001
12,168,297
12,016,389
11,492,112
11,297,515
10,210,350
10,155,444
9,540,002
9,355,034
9,354,543
8,727,914
8,720,125
7,984,903
7,765,600
7,692,848
7,437,846
5,652,458
5,124,230
5,077,542
4,872,540
4,424,422
4,030,044
3,431,359
3,194,240
3,141,942
1,832,933,941
1,911,242,499
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
48
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-24. Top 50 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Total Releases, 1994.
CAS
Number©
67-56-1
7647-01-0
7664-41-7
108-88-3
1330-20-7
75-15-0
—
78-93-3
7664-38-2
75-09-2
6484-52-2
7782-50-5
—
—
—
100-42-5
71-55-6
74-85-1
71-36-3
79-01-6
7664-93-9
108-10-1
7697-37-2
—
115-07-1
50-00-0
75-05-8
463-58-1
107-21-1
—
75-07-0
100-41-4
108-95-2
67-66-3
64-18-6
127-18-4
7440-66-6
71-43-2
7439-96-5
110-82-7
75-45-6
95-63-6
1717-00-6
7664-39-3
79-10-7
107-13-1
75-68-3
79-06-1
74-87-3
76-13-1
Chemical
Methanol
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Carbon disulfide
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Phosphoric acid
Dichloromethane
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Chlorine
Glycol ethers
Copper compounds
Manganese compounds
Styrene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Ethylene
n-Butyl alcohol
Trichloroethylene
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Nitric acid
Chromium compounds
Propylene
Formaldehyde
Acetonitrile
Carbonyl sulfide
Ethylene glycol
Lead compounds
Acetaldehyde
Ethylbenzene
Phenol
Chloroform
Formic acid
Tetrachloroethylene
Zinc (fume or dust)
Benzene
Manganese
Cyclohexane
Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22)
1 ,2,4-Trimethy Ibenzene
1 , 1 -Dichloro- 1 -fluoroethane
(HCFC-141b)
Hydrogen fluoride
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
l-Chloro-l,l-difluoroethane
(HCFC-142b)
Acrylamide
Chloromethane
Freon 1 13
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
32,088,254
3,489,997
39,855,072
57,656,473
24,902,804
3,735,747
1,891,457
27,184,737
282,950
25,022,843
92,657
1,276,642
10,455,326
3,236,400
1,125,401
13,761,915
20,070,741
14,668,769
6,412,269
14,788,788
1,444,190
6,847,214
686,983
174,722
12,361,218
1,803,777
786,855
77,490
5,300,772
507,374
1,277,627
3,258,605
2,506,650
3,450,479
262,222
4,671,751
767,882
5,266,338
551,291
3,532,751
4,174,501
2,618,939
4,399,218
2,720,617
254,532
333,620
556,247
8,815
949,731
3,337,957
376,889,610
407,515,304
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
185,724,754
69,181,592
116,131,189
110,561,812
83,430,835
79,582,068
3,063,796
51,440,202
751,694
37,687,647
715,856
58,502,168
38,065,248
2,131,573
1,842,932
25,587,630
17,981,336
20,601,567
21,838,819
15,083,085
22,514,638
18,429,655
1,846,305
332,632
8,090,630
9,674,746
353,711
17,068,681
4,354,999
894,106
10,869,272
8,844,428
5,919,567
7,472,557
318,837
5,530,378
896,245
4,226,037
229,593
5,145,330
3,806,425
5,122,541
3,243,616
4,661,457
222,593
1,131,099
5,095,881
7,164
4,115,002
1,738,081
1,102,062,009
1,148,492,781
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
11,007,879
25,991
14,613,475
82,751
43,961
62,529
1,438,199
108,385
20,900,384
52,289
6,978,376
516,005
292,472
83,187
733,537
75,579
1,980
27,438
50,681
1,671
212,138
80,177
167,499
158,795
4,584
388,750
14,580
0
784,402
53,431
282,750
10,978
121,450
362,812
11,674
3,872
28,373
22,256
88,895
31,695
2,340
9,163
270
28,129
1,928
20,377
330
2,677
59,463
1,504
60,052,061
66,083,288
Underground Releases
Injection to Land
Pounds Pounds
24,343,351
141,990,565
29,059,299
496,440
313,711
4,305
196,498
575,848
45,616
960,942
51,190,858
74,311
128,096
214,308
5,930
250,861
102
0
1,777,216
288
1,521,851
131,600
18,269,660
38,061
0
7,739,510
17,105.679
0
4,958,550
1,263
602,167
633,842
3,224,053
80,002
10,671,734
4,051
5
223,103
10
192,409
0
187
0
2.924
6,436,000
4,894,487
0
5,198,814
50,707
0
333,609,214
348,968,226
2,602,696
263,737
6,142,040
161,205
244,726
80
75,174,770
51,794
56,785,731
50,845
1,568,145
63,098
50,785
41,449,920
37,796,986
480,863
2,732
0
2,161
4,417
515,147
12,925
395,050
20,636,107
0
149,116
3,229
0
1,051,939
14,656,876
20,352
54,286
172,458
11,667
3,105
4,349
8,462,944
25,371
8,484,764
18,138
1,637
14,957
49,744
27,643
113
278
0
155
34
0
277,669,115
289,151,126
Total
Releases
Pounds
255,766,934
214,951,882
205,801,075
168,958,681
108,936,037
83,384,729
81,764,720
79,360,966
78,766,375
63,774,566
60,545,892
60,432,224
48,991,927
47,115,388
41,504,786
40,156,848
38,056,891
35,297,774
30,081,146
29,878,249
26,207,964
25,501,571
21,365,497
•21,340,317
20,456,432
19,755,899
18,264,054
17,146,171
16,450,662
16,113,050
13,052,168
12,802,139
11,944,178
11,377,517
11,267,572
10,214,401
10,155,449
9,763,105
9,354,553
8,920,323
7,984,903
7,765,787
7.692,848
7,440,770
6,915,166
6,379,861
5,652,458
5,217,625
5,174,937
5,077,542
2,150,282,009
2,260,210,725
© Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
49
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-25. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Emissions to Air, 1994.
CAS
Number©
67-56-1
108-88-3
7664-41-7
1330-20-7
75-15-0
78-93-3
7647-01-0
75-09-2
7782-50-5
—
100-42-5
71-55-6
74-85-1
79-01-6
71-36-3
Chemical
Methanol
Toluene
Ammonia
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Carbon disulfide
Methyl ethyl ketone
Hydrochloric acid
Dichloromethane
Chlorine
Glycol ethers
Styrene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Ethylene
Trichloroethylene
n-Butyl alcohol
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
32,088,254
57,656,473
39,855,072
24,902,804
3,735,747
27,184,737
3,489,997
25,022,843
1,276,642
10,455,326
13,761,915
20,070,741
14,668,769
14,788,788
6,412,269
295,370,377
407,515,304
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
185,724,754
110,561,812
116,131,189
83,430,835
79,582,068
51,440,202
69,181,592
37,687,647
58,502,168
38,065,248
25,587,630
17,981,336
20,601,567
15,083,085
21,838,819
931,399,952
1,148,492,781
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
217,813,008
168,218,285
155,986,261
108,333,639
83,317,815
78,624,939
72,671,589
62,710,490
59,778,810
48,520,574
39,349,545
38,052,077
35,270,336
29,871,873
28,251,088
1,226,770,329
1,556,008,085
Table 1-26. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Discharges to Surface Water, 1994.
CAS
Number©
7664-38-2
7664-41-7
67-56-1
6484-52-2
7783-20-2
—
107-21-1
—
7782-50-5
50-00-0
67-66-3
123-91-1
—
75-07-0
1 1 1-42-2
Chemical
Phosphoric acid
Ammonia
Methanol
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Zinc compounds
Ethylene glycol
Manganese compounds
Chlorine
Formaldehyde
Chloroform
1,4-Dioxane
Glycol ethers
Acetaldehyde
Diethanolamine
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Amount Not
in Stormwater
Pounds
13,152,284
14,215,953
10,992,432
5,612,780
4,195,156
947,229
778,203
695,364
515,781
382,836
362,212
305,771
292,175
282,516
220,167
52,950,859
55,814,451
Amount in
Stormwater
Pounds
7,748,100
397,522
15,447
1,365,596
1,221
490,970
6,199
38,173
224
5,914
600
0
297
234
870
10,071,367
10,268,837
Total
Surface Water
Discharges
Pounds
20,900,384
14,613,475
11,007,879
6,978,376
4,196,377
1,438,199
784,402
733,537
516,005
388,750
362,812
305,771
292,472
282,750
221,037
63,022,226
66,083,288
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
50
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-27. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest On-site Underground Injection, 1994.
CAS
Number®
7647-01-0
6484-52-2
7664-41-7
67-56-1
7697-37-2
75-05-8
64-18-6
50-00-0
79-10-7
79-06-1
107-21-1
107-13-1
—
108-95-2
71-36-3
Chemical
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ammonia
Methanol
Nitric acid
Acetonitrile
Formic acid
Formaldehyde
Acrylic acid
Acrylamide
Ethylene glycol
Acrylonitrile
Cyanide compounds
Phenol
n-Butyl alcohol
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Underground
Injection
Pounds
141,990,565
51,190,858
29,059,299
24,343,351
18,269,660
17,105,679
10,671,734
7,739,510
6,436,000
5,198,814
4,958,550
4,894,487
3,239,418
3,224,053
1,777,216
330,099,194
348,968,226
Table 1-28. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest On-site Releases to Land, 1994.
CAS
Number®
7664-38-2
—
—
—
—
7439-96-5
7440-66-6
7664-41-7
67-56- I
6484-52-2
—
—
— •
7440-47-3
Chemical
Zinc compounds
Phosphoric acid
Copper compounds
Manganese compounds
Chromium compounds
Lead compounds
Manganese
Zinc (fume or dust)
Ammonia
Methanol
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Arsenic compounds
Nickel compounds
Antimony compounds
Chromium
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Releases to
On-site
Landfills
Pounds
16,431,905
8,292.486
12,907,246
19,589,872
2,272,592
2,668,217
7,622,120
7,658,169
166,659
1,082,580
200
52,721
286,160
124,861
898,424
80,054,212
85,964,064
Releases to
On-site
Land
Treatment
Pounds
65,273
213,669
70,797
418,142
90,332
5,225
40,500
250
4,697,975
193,176
654,878
5
26,231
8,719
20
6,485,192
7,346,237
Releases to
On-site
Surface
Impoundments
Pounds
5,245,216
11,696,724
4,464,774
15,364,652
18,228,131
1,384,297
119,543
743,480
1,162,920
983,998
516,696
804,181
731,003
31,527
147,267
61,624,409
63,045,007
Other
On-site
Land
Disposal
Pounds
53,432,376
36,582,852
24,007,103
2,424,320
45,052
10,599,137
702,601
61,045
114,486
342,942
396,371
687,017
259,021
1,101,620
102,780
130,858,723
132,795,818
Total
Releases
to Land
Pounds
75,174,770
56,785,731
41,449,920
37,796,986
20,636,107
14,656,876
8,484,764
8,462,944
6,142,040
2,602,696
1,568,145
1,543,924
1,302,415
1, 266,727
1,148,491
279,022,536
289,151,126
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
51
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-29. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-site Transfers for Recycling, 1994.
CAS
Number©
7440-50-8
—
—
7664-93-9
—
107-21-1
7440-47-3
7439-96-5
7440-66-6
7440-02-0
7647-01-0
7439-92-1
—
—
1330-20-7
Chemical
Copper
Lead compounds
Zinc compounds
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Copper compounds
Ethylene glycol
Chromium
Manganese
Zinc (fume or dust)
Nickel
Hydrochloric acid
Lead
Manganese compounds
Chromium compounds
Xylenc (mixed isomers)
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Solvents/
Organics©
Recovery
Pounds
294,151
20,532
49,219
59,285
790
104,211,725
387,550
1,400,326
10,400
260,269
23
110,014
151
6,819
36,773,777
143,585,031
315,592,959
Metals©
Recovery
Pounds
412,515,963
282,822,929
195,508,623
217,153
98,586,923
0
73,445,898
38,494,326
72,089,399
52,075,610
2,412,614
49,769,966
28,347,797
25,399,719
4,312
1,331,691,232
1,408,777,556
Other Reuse
or Recovery
Pounds
16,758,538
9,616,096
44,823,243
53,841,595
14,159,263
14,813,744
2,696,600
31,407,072
9,849,977
2,067,738
33,035,377
1,873,342
19,777,186
10,466,429
2,051,454
267,237,654
317,174,397
Acid®
Regeneration
Pounds
250
0
12,282
152,442,041
33,005
0
0
0
0
750
13,920,749
0
0
10,010
0
166,419,087
168,687,889
Transfer to
Waste Broker-
Recycling
Pounds
90,274,401
1,101,556
7,026,890
1,459,666
34,259,805
1,205,615
30,458,688
15,971,788
665,601
19,243,149
8,425,710
4,019,148
4,595,383
3,860,342
820,396
223,388,138
245,888,147
Total
Transfers to
Recycling
Pounds
519,843,303
293,561,113
247,420,257
208,019,740
147,039,786
120,231,084
106,988,736
87,273,512
82,615,377
73,647,516
57,794,473
55,772,470
52,720,517
39,743,319
39,649,939
2,132,321,142
2,456,120,948
Table 1-30. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-site Transfers for Energy Recovery, 1994.
CAS
Number©
108-88-3
67-56-1
1330-20-7
78-93-3
75-65-0
108-10-1
—
74-85-1
100-41-4
7647-01-0
108-05-4
71-36-3
107-21-1
75-05-8
100-42-5
Chemical
Toluene
Methanol
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
tert-Butyl alcohol
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Glycol ethers
Ethylene
Ethylbenzene
Hydrochloric acid
Vinyl acetate
n-Butyl alcohol
Ethylene glycol
Acetonitrile
Slyrene
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Energy
Recovery
Pounds
55,060,516
64,150,227
55,604,208
34,040,082
29,565,056
8,574,002
10,453,586
9,815,050
6,750,227
2,710
6,59^,464
5,892,821
6,535,421
5,345,324
4,623,522
303,011,216
352,197,372
Transfers to
Waste Broker-
Energy Recovery
Pounds
25,053,147
12,372,609
20,355,567
12,260,915
289,012
10,280,223
4,015,931
146,585
2,306,923
8,664,955
1,258,927
1,872,982
1,147,891
204,350
741,589
100,971,606
112,009,111
Total
Transfers to
Energy Recovery
Pounds
80,113,663
76,522,836
75,959,775
46,300,997
29,854,068
18,854,225
14,471,517
9,961,635
9,057,150
8,667,665
7,855,391
7,765,803
7,683,312
5.549,674
5,365,111
403,982,822
464,206,483
© Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
© Many of these quantities appear to be misreported, as a number of these chemicals are not solvents or organics.
(5) Many of these quantities appear to be misreported, as a number of these chemicals are not metals.
3) Many of these quantities appear to be misreported, as a number of these chemicals are not acids.
52
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-31. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-site Transfers for Treatment, 1994.
CAS
Number^)
7647-01-0
67-56-1
120-82-1
108-88-3
107-21-1
7664-93-9
75-09-2
7697-37-2
—
1330-20-7
7664-41-7
78-93-3
—
—
79-00-5
Chemical
Hydrochloric acid
Methanol
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Toluene
Ethylene glycol
Sulfuric acid {acid
aerosols)
Dichloromethane
Nitric acid
Zinc compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Ammonia
Methyl ethyl ketone
Lead compounds
Chromium compounds
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Subtotal
Total for All
TRI Chemicals
Solidification/
Stabilization
Pounds
1,503,733
8,206
0
12,514
495,301
1,446,315
4,428
493,912
7,494,476
53,369
32,103
3,453
4,268,269
3,767,525
0
19,583,604
28,159,785
Incineration/
Thermal
Treatment
Pounds
176,998
17,208,125
429,259
19,309,941
9,493,858
1,588,381
4,555,231
26,197
253,896
6,239,312
280,910
4,824,203
753,938
202,364
4,377,796
69,720,409
118,436,280
Incineration/
Insignificant
Fuel Value
Pounds
54,950
3,476,313
30,089
1,173,385
450,594
17,639
5,044,672
16,365
675,267
979,405
29,466
676,386
51,214
239,444
317,480
13,232,669
22,438,009
Wastewater
Treatment
Excluding
POTW
Pounds
14,536,683
10,155,162
28,981,490
473,795
4,837,238
6,533,597
260,799
4,623,515
753,177
392,045
7,030,165
74,092
230,276
171,063
11,000
79,064,097
94,145,221
Other
Waste
Treatment
Pounds
9,617,243
526,702
0
407,967
115,921
3,454,007
50,956
4,261,147
951,385
493,829
238,790
199,317
40,004
475,835
250
20,833,353
27,860,281
Transfer to
Waste Broker-
Waste
Treatment
Pounds
17,980,377
885,722
750
402,956
651,358
970,015
1,542,657
1,073,410
168,342
418,543
112,761
369,719
25,524
48,072
50
24,650,256
27,770.757
Total
Transfers
to Treatment
Pounds
43,869,984
32,260,230
29,441,588
21,780,558
16,044,270
14,009,954
11,458,743
10,494,546
10,296,543
8,576,503
7,724,195
6,147,170
5,369,225
4,904,303
4,706,576
227,084,388
318,810,333
Table 1-32. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-site Transfers to Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTWs), 1994.
CAS
Number®
67-56-1
7664-41-7
7647-01-0
107-21-1
—
7783-20-2
7664-93-9
6484-52-2
7664-38-2
7697-37-2
108-95-2
50-00-0
64-18-6
71-36-3
106-44-5
Chemical
Methanol
Ammonia
Hydrochloric acid
Ethylene glycol
Glycol ethers
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Phenol
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
n-Butyl alcohol
p-Cresol
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
92,593,278
54,573,874
19,241,520
16,326,235
11,140,741
10,824,126
6,514,351
4,546,684
3,869,033
3,423,791
2,811,469
2,698,561
1,899,062
1,818,779
1,723,189
234,004,693
254,688,836
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
53
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-33. Top 15 TRI Chemicals with the Largest Off-site Transfers for Disposal, 1994.
CAS
Number©
^^
—
—
7440-50-8
7439-96-5
7429-90-5
7647-01-0
—
—
7664-93-9
—
7440-47-3
—
8001-58-9
100-42-5
Chemical
Zinc compounds
Manganese compounds
Lead compounds
Copper
Manganese
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Hydrochloric acid
Chromium compounds
Copper compounds
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Barium compounds
Chromium
Nickel compounds
Creosote
Styrene
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Storage
Only
Pounds
195,311
19,451
32,385
1,155,075
4,995
3,352
1,430
57,352
312,750
79,185
60,490
51,910
25,379
29,500
715
2,029,280
3,067,971
Underground
Injection
Pounds
1,663,456
3,237
4,372
9,148
4,389
0
10,138,099
392,710
2,233
7,310,720
18,260
51,771
52,278
5
14,248
19,664,926
29,070,858
Landfill/
Surface
Impoundment
Pounds
86,851,118
22,197,290
19,578,051
4,988,516
11,297,180
11,768,137
309,222
9,964,362
9,178,689
474,131
4,542,721
4,133,196
4,566,215
4,056,089
4,342,489
198,247,406
234,368,369
Land
Treatment
Pounds
38,690
3,403
2,700
4,608
3,815
0
7,000
9,730
22,962
29,880
3,782
22,374
4,603
0
0
153,547
5,755,841
54
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TfH Releases and Transfers
Table 1-33.
Chemical
Zinc compounds
Manganese compounds
Lead compounds
Copper
Manganese
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Hydrochloric acid
Chromium compounds
Copper compounds
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Barium compounds
Chromium
Nickel compounds
Creosote
Styrene
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Other
Land
Disposal
Pounds
2,207,519
9,675
400,750
94,305
1,561,061
440
10,080
127,736
9,781
64,846
114,166
273,517
53,845
635,341
7,395
5,570,457
6,597,898
Other
Off-site
Management
Pounds
616,381
33,610
16,924
7,203,734
31,619
250
1,204
26,584
35,166
55,695
106,737
70,880
12,639
0
4,118
8,215,541
9,122,804
Transfers to
Waste Broker-
Disposal
Pounds
998,999
392,233
453,062
391,087
59,323
615,284
1,762,308
345,968
230,640
201,986
222,754
173,249
23,082
2,023
34,954
5,906,952
7,791,377
Unknown
Pounds
290,755
8,351
53,926
26,731
3,181
6,901
8,696
14,827
47,164
26,069
19,146
31,908
6,179
750
4,397
548,981
1,825,344
Total
Transfers
for
Disposal
Pounds
92,862,229
22,667,250
20,542,170
13,873,204
12,965,563
12,394,364
12,238,039
10,939,269
9,839,385
8,242,512
5,088,056
4,808,805
4,744,220
4,723,708
4,408,316
240,337,090
297,600,462
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
55
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Metals and Metal Compounds
Both metals and their metal compounds are
listed on TRI. The potential adverse human
health and/or environmental effects associated
with the metals and metal compounds reportable
to TRI are listed in Box 1-5.
Under EPCRA section 313, facilities that
manufacture, process, or otherwise use metal
compounds report releases and/or transfers of
only the metal portion of the metal compound.
For example, a facility that releases a copper
compound, such as copper sulfate, would report
as a release only the weight of the copper, not
the weight of the entire copper compound. This
is done to capture information on the targeted
portion of each member of the category, so that
releases and transfers of a metal can be traced
through the environment and can be compared
from facility to facility.
Metals (including the metal portion of metal
compounds) are different from other TRI
chemicals because they do not degrade and are
not destroyed. Other TRI-listed chemicals can
be destroyed by sunlight, heat, microorganisms,
or other chemicals. Although metals cannot be
destroyed, they may be converted to a less toxic
form. For example, many facilities convert
hexavalent chromium (a known carcinogen) to
the less toxic trivalent form before releasing or
transferring it to off-site locations. Other metal
waste may be treated before disposal so that the
metal will be less likely to be transported
through soils. Although such treatment may
limit the availability of the metal to the
environment, it does not destroy the metal.
Table 1-34 shows the releases of TRI metals and
metal compounds in 1994. Note that a few other
metals [for example, aluminum (fume or dust)
and certain metal-containing pesticides] are also
reportable to TRI but are not included in this
table because they do not have associated
compound categories. The large majority
(89.5%) of releases of metals and metal com-
pounds are land releases.
Table 1-35 shows the transfers of TRI metals
and metal compounds in 1994. More than 2.02
billion pounds of metals and metal compounds
were reported transferred off-site in 1994. This
represents 53.3% of all transfers reported to TRI
in 1994. Transfers of metals and metal com-
pounds to recycling totalled 1.76 billion pounds,
which represents 87.2% of all transfers of
metals and metal compounds and nearly 78.0%
of total releases and transfers of metals and
metal compounds.
The metal recycling shown in Table 1-35
consists only of off-site recycling. Amounts of
metals recaptured from waste by on-site
recycling activities can be found in tables
presented in Chapter 2.
Some facilities reported transfers of metals in
waste off-site for treatment by POTWs. Treat-
ment processes employed at POTWs may
remove the metal from a waste stream or
convert the metal into a less toxic form, but they
do not destroy the metal. For example, public
sewage treatment plants will remove some
fraction of the metals during treatment of the
waste stream when removing solid materials.
The amounts removed are then generally sent to
a landfill for disposal. The metal waste that is
not removed remains in the wastewater and will
pass through the treatment plant and into the
aquatic environment.
Table 1-36 presents releases of metals and metal
compounds to air, water, and land by state.
These data are illustrated by Figure 1-10. Table
1-37 presents releases of metals and metal
compounds to air, water, and land by industry.
Figure 1-11 shows the industries releasing the
largest quantities of metals and metal com-
pounds. As one might expect, the primary
metals industry accounts for the majority of
metal releases to air/water/land, about 76.3%.
56
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
1^ m
i
w
42 @ 3
V JZ OJ ^"* §
4a e > as «
f3 " *3 .- s •&
£> ^ will >S 2
't * g 1 5 * S > 1
~ CL 3 M- o
Phpmiral "*™ 3 3 43 d ft) a ,<*» Q
i_nemicai '•< y O O etf 55 W
4 p
Antimony and antimony compounds 'f t /
Arsenic and arsenic compounds , *^
Barium and barium compounds ? ; /
^ ?
Beryllium and beryllium compounds ,.
*'\ /.
/
E
V /
/ , /
•,\u ^
ii
/ -1' /
< ,- s
/ . /
t -.
/ /
/ ^ /
S
/
". '
\ -C"
"» » /
Vv ^
"*t /
« '
Box 1-5. Potential Adverse Human Health and Environmental Effects of TRI Metals and Metal Compounds.
ATSDR Toxicological Profiles.
Organic compounds, however, can also cause this effect if they dissociate to give arsenic ion.
Cobalt chloride and cobalt sulfate; ATSDR Toxicological Profile, 1991.
Hazardous Substances Data Bank; Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Database.
Primarily nickel carbonyl.
Selenium sulfide classified as B2 by EPA.
57
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-34. TRI Releases of Metals and Metal Compounds, 1994.
Chemical
Antimony and
antimony compounds
Arsenic and
arsenic compounds
Barium and
barium compounds
Beryllium and
beryllium compounds
Cadmium and
cadmium compounds
Chromium and
chromium
Cobalt and
cobalt compounds
Copper and
copper compounds
Lead and
lead compounds
Manganese and
manganese compounds
Mercury and
mercury compounds
Nickel and
nickel compounds
Selenium and
selenium compounds
Silver and
silver compounds
Thallium and
thallium compounds
Zinc and
zinc compounds©
Total
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
45,045
21,557
178,040
1
8,941
647,070
31,706
3,644,278
604,678
1,676,692
9,757
534,093
3,607
9,779
5
2,659,339
10,074,588
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
67,815
75,702
222,300
1,508
50,628
495,886
45,532
2,860,474
1,211,976
2,072,525
3,563
273,464
60,232
19,015
286
3,960,041
11,420,947
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
144,148
8,492
59,270
38
2,029
179,281
113,293
139,654
65,699
822,432'
321
98,323
2,583
7,001
0
1,466,572
3,109,136
Underground
Injection
Pounds
40,224
60,400
250
0
170
38,109
1,750
234,252
1,263
5,940
7
62,941
3,410
390
0
196,503
645,609
Releases
to Land
Pounds
1,276,953
1,548,807
590,301
39,860
58,472
21,784,598
168,632
42,440,762
15,159,116
46,281,750
1,351
1,685,462
120,093
27,013
755
83,637,714
214,821,639 .
Total
Releases
Pounds
1,574,185
1,714,958
1,050,161
41,407
120,240
23,144,944
360,913
49,319,420
17,042,732
50,859,339
14,999
2,654,283
189,925
63,198
1,046
91,920,169
240,071,919
Only fume and dust forms of zinc metal are reportable.
58
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-35. TRI Transfers of Metals and Metal Compounds, 1994.
Chemical
Antimony and
antimony compounds
Arsenic and
arsenic compounds
Barium and
barium compounds
Beryllium and
beryllium compounds
Cadmium and
cadmium compounds
Chromium and
chromium
Cobalt and
cobalt compounds
Copper and
copper compounds
Lead and
lead compounds
Manganese and
manganese compounds
Mercury and
mercury compounds
Nickel and
nickel compounds
Selenium and
selenium compounds
Silver and
silver compounds
Thallium and
thallium compounds
Zinc and
zinc compounds®
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
6,903,600
1,132,763
1,801,316
326,368
3,078,180
146,732,055
10,917,985
666,883,089
349,333,583
139,994,029
24,908
104,330,489
165,181
2,359,359
5,040
330,035,634
1,764,023,579
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
35,139
3
96,852
0
2,717
94,815
1,893
103,030
84,961
45,952
0
4,086
255
0
0
547,937
1,017,640
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
575,554
1,055,344
1,516,664
1,079
170,555
5,407,321
961,343
3,212,120
6,074,354
4,418,135
3,862
2,675,043
32,692
42,642
250
10,986,023
37,132,981
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
137,638
487
210,931
1
3,013
427,776
29,783
279,005
89,717
454,121
15
216,870
322
3,399
5
511,232
2,364,315
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
4,374,853
1,750,099
5,310,814
11,467
1,922,889
15,748,074
550,093
23,712,589
22,189,707
35,632,813
38,711
8,024,978
25,236
14,402
0
95,846,553
215,153,278
Other
Off-site
Transfers^)
Pounds
951
0
11,332
0
0
86,213
250
208,038
200,250
2,293,474
0
15,930
0
16,232
0
73,060
2,905,730
Total
Transfers
Pounds
12,027,735
3,938,696
8,947,909
338,915
5,177,354
168,496,254
12,461,347
694,397,871
377,972,572
182,838,524
67,496
115,267,396
223,686
2,436,034
5,295
438,000,439
2,022,597,523
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
Only fume and dust forms of zinc metal are reportable.
59
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TfJI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-36. TR! Releases to Air, Water, and Land of Metals and Metal Compounds, by State, 1994.
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,138,434
68
0
861,331
496,070
207,377
73,024
65,207
42,842
0
116,218
390,299
0
24,726
1,232,124
1,813,319
294,483
125,215
243,184
121,263
30,632
115,641
91,005
4,494,281
1 17,799
54,732
950,457
129,007
245,933
79,969
17,227
212,337
185,351
324,243
121,313
26,849
1,992,765
75,545
112,302
1,544,865
10,799
13,000
252,159
9,931
819,122
901,461
536,077
884
0
194,860
55,950
268,648
263,582
1,625
21,495,535
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
368,458
0
0
39
73,101
27,336
1,124
27,508
31,969
0
3,570
95,939
0
5,900
71,748
121,270
7,570
4,447
39,404
1 12,633
19,974
349,230
2,474
195,279
8,627
49,403
8,244
76
15,931
0
97
12,571
1,003
134,403
25,106
23
176,469
7,243
17,248
137,338
1,840
399
101,083
5
64,939
528,542
6,179
0
47
15,966
44,249
164,889
28,243
0
3,109,136
Releases
to Land
Pounds
3,577,944
4
0
24,719,437
1,583,371
405,213
76,750
1,080
97,902
17,300
262,759
1,133,081
0
507,630
20,279,507
1,862,017
1,297,296
268,147
214,678
2,087413
611,878
2,139,361
14,600
8,990,522
946,657
4,562,305
16,284,147
43,482,272
236,382
2,301,028
2,413
133,536
15,931,055
1,687,542
7,035,954
512
21,596,234
178,098
391,669
1,536,125
1
0
505,192
267
5,130,565
11,441,019
9,446,739
260
1,601
923,709
52,754
304,498
560,397
1,118
214,821,639
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
5,084,836
72
0
25,580,807
2,152,542
639,926
' 150,898""
93,795
172,713
17,300
382,547
1,619,319
0
538,256
21,583,379
3,796,606
1,599,349
397,809
497,266
2,321,009
662,484
2,604,232
108,079
13,680,082
1,073,083
4,666,440
17,242,848
43,611,355
498,246
2,380.997
19,737
358,444
16,117,409
2,146,188
7,182,373
27,384
23,765,468
260,886
521,219
3,218,328
12,640
13,399
858,434
10,203
6,014,626
12,871,022
9,988,995
1,144
1,648
1,134,535
152,953
738,035
852,222
2,743
239,426,310
60
-------
Alaska
Millions of Pounds
I More than 20
10 to 20
1 to 10
LJ Less than 1
§
•8
(O
g
3
(D
Si
2 Figure 1-10. TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases of Metals and Metal Compounds by State, 1994.
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-37. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land of Metals and Metal Compounds, by Industry, 1994.
SIC
Code Industry
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stone/Clay/Glass
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip.
37 Transportation Equip.
38 Mcasurc./Photo.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39©
No codes 20-39©
Total
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
88,989
0
8,889
923
4,177
126,751
353,607
12,166
1,006,200
123,371
219,042
2,235
507,634
11,264,293
1,509,838
278,615
339,549
713,931
51,438
44,502
961,545
3,877,840
21,495,535
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
2,219
0
11,219
3
15,481
210
266,567
170
790,476
1 14,509
19,175
1,949
41,083
1,448,326
37,574
8,980
19,350
28,107
86,668
1,176
209,095
6,799
3,109,136
Releases
to Land
Pounds
434,636
0
10,405
25
15
798
3,123,308
270
29,779,235
221,560
75,991
16,054
957,511
169,859,597
559,657
68,847
95,732
64,413
5,790
754
5,587,491
3,959,550
214,821,639
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
525,844
0
30,513
951
19,673
127,759
3,743,482
12,606
31,575,911
459,440
314,208
20,238
1,506,228
182,572,216
2,107,069
356,442
454,631
806,451
143,896
46,432
6,758,131
7,844,189
239,426,310
Chemicals
(SIC 28)
13.2%
No Codes 20-39
3.3%
Multiple Codes 20-39
2.8%
Paper (SIC 26)
1.6%
All Others
2.9%
Primary Metals
(SIC 28)
76.3%
Figure 1-11. Top Industries for TRI Total
Air/Water/Land Releases of Metals and
Metal Compounds, 1994.
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code or reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
62
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Ozone Depleters
Ozone depleters, such as chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs), halons, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl
chloroform), carbon tetrachloride, and bromo-
methane (methyl bromide), are known to release
chlorine or bromine in the stratosphere (earth's
upper atmosphere). Chlorine and bromine act as
catalysts in the conversion of ozone to oxygen,
thus reducing the amount of stratospheric ozone.
Stratospheric ozone is important because it
shields the earth from ultraviolet-B radiation. As
the ozone layer diminishes, the amount of this
harmful radiation reaching the earth's surface
increases. These ozone depleters remain in the
stratosphere for many decades; thus, emissions
today will influence ozone levels far into the
future.
Ultraviolet-B radiation has been shown to cause
various adverse human health and environ-
mental effects as described below.
Health Effects
Skin Cancer. Exposure to ultraviolet-B radia-
tion has been implicated in two types of non-
melanoma skin cancer: squamous cell cancer
and basal cell cancer. In addition, experimental
evidence suggests that ultraviolet-B radiation
plays an important role in causing malignant
melanoma skin cancer. Recent studies predict
that for each 1 % change in ultraviolet-B radia-
tion intensity, the incidence of melanoma could
increase from 0.5% to 1%.
Other Health Effects. Results from some
studies have demonstrated that ultraviolet-B
radiation can suppress the immune response
system in animals and possibly in humans.
The incidence of cataracts and adverse effects
on the retina are likely to increase with ultra-
violet-B radiation exposure.
Other studies have shown that increased
penetration of ultraviolet-B radiation could
increase the rate of tropospheric ozone
formation. Data suggest that ozone exposure
may lead to chronic health effects, including
morphological changes to, and impaired
functioning of, the lungs.
Environmental Effects
Aquatic organisms, particularly phytoplankton,
zooplankton, and the larvae of many fishes,
appear to be susceptible to harm from ultra-
violet-B radiation because they spend at least
part of their time at or near the surface of the
waters they inhabit.
Plants have also been shown to be adversely
affected by increased ultraviolet-B radiation.
Possible effects include yield reductions and
altering the balance of competition between
plants.
Phase-out of Ozone Depleters
On September 16, 1987, the United States,
along with 23 other nations and the European
Economic Community, signed the "Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer." As a result of this protocol and newer
scientific evidence, Congress mandated in the
Clean Air Act Amendments that the production
of CFCs and halons be phased out by the year
2000. The production of many Class I ozone
depleters was banned as of January 1, 1996,
based on findings by the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA) that ozone
depletion in the previous decade was more
severe than had been predicted.
Interim substitutes, such as hydrochlorofluoro-
carbons (HCFCs), have also been found to
decrease ozone in the stratosphere, but these
chemicals have much lower ozone-depletion
63
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-38. TRI Releases of Ozone Depleters, 1994.
CAS
Number
353-59-3
74-83-9
75-63-8
56-23-5
75-45-6
75-68-3
63938-10-3
354-25-6
2837-89-0
124-73-2
75-71-8
1717-00-6
76-14-2
34077-87-7
90454-18-5
812-04-4
354-23-4
306-83-2
76-13-1
76-15-3
71-55-6
75-69-4
Chemical
Bromochlorodifluoro-
mcthane (Halon 1211)
Bromomethane
Bromotrifluoromethane
(Halon 1301)
Carbon tctrachloride
Chlorodifluoromethane
(HCFC-22)
1 -Chloro- 1 , 1 -difluoro-
cthanc (HCFC-142b)
Chlorotctrafluorocthane
1 -Chloro- 1,1,2,2-tetra-
nuoroethanc (HCFC-124a)
2-Chloro- 1,1,1 ,2-tetra-
fluoroethane (HCFC-124)
Dibromotctrafluoro-
cthanc (Halon 2402)
Dichlorodifluoromethane
(CFC-12)
1 , 1 ,-Dichloro- 1 -fl uoro-
cthanc (HCFC-141b)
Dichlorotctrafluoro-
cthane(CFC-114)
Dichlorotrifluorocthane
Dichloro- 1 , 1 ,2-trifluoro-
ethanc
1,1 -Dichloro- 1,2,2-tri-
nuoroethanc (HCFC-123b)
1 ,2-Dichloro- 1 , 1 ,2-tri-
fluoroethane (HCFC-123a)
2,2-Dichloro- 1 , 1 , 1 -tri-
fluoroethane (HCFC-123)
Frcon 113
Monochloropentafluoro-
cthanc(CFC-115)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
(CFC-11)
Total
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
965
472,663
22,335
226,057
4,174,501
556,247
0
923
325,829
0
3,004,180
4,399,218
1,176,003
250
0
0
0
107,774
3.337,957
305,170
20,070,741
835,924
39,016,737
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
5
2,197,112
0
392,870
3,806,425
5,095,881
0
481,410
508,593
0
1,867,929
3,243,616
186,601
5
0
0
0
23,660
1,738,081
19,536
17,981,336
2,157,087
39,700,147
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
13
0
1,223
2,340
330
0
0
1,556
0
431
270
6,190
0
0
0
0
253
1,504
3,458
1,980
1,452
21,000
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
12,654
0
0
0
0
0
0
54
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
102
11
12,821
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
1,637
0
0
0
0
0
0
49,744
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,732
0
54,113
Total
Releases
Pounds
970
2,669,788
22,335
632,804
7,984,903
5,652,458
0
482,333
835,978
0
4,872,594
7,692,848
1,368,794
255
0
0
0
131,687
5,077,542
328,164
38,056,891
2,994,474
78.804,818
potentials than CFCs. The HCFCs will serve as
first-generation substitutes, but will themselves
be phased out. On November 30, 1993, EPA
added 11 HCFCs to the TRI list of reportable
chemicals. The first TRI reports for these chemi-
cals were submitted for the 1994 reporting year.
(See Chemical List questions in Appendix A).
Releases and Transfers of Ozone Depleters
Table 1-38 shows the TRI releases of ozone-
depleting chemicals in 1994. Table 1-39 shows
the TRI transfers of ozone depleters in 1994.
Table 1-40 lists the amounts of ozone depleters
released to air by state. The top five states for air
releases of ozone depleters were California
(14.6 million pounds), Kentucky (5.7 million
pounds), Ohio (4.9 million pounds), Texas (4.3
million pounds), and Indiana (3.4 million
pounds). Figure 1-12 maps this information for
all states.
Table 1-41 presents air releases of ozone
depleters by industry. The industries reporting
the largest air releases of ozone depleters were
64
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-39. TRI Transfers of Ozone Depleters, 1994.
CAS
Number
353-59-3
74-83-9
75-63-8
56-23-5
75-45-6
75-68-3
63938-10-3
354-25-6
2837-89-0
124-73-2
75-71-8
1717-00-6
76-14-2
34077-87-7
90454-18-5
812-04-4
354-23-4
306-83-2
76-13-1
76-15-3
71-55-6
75-69-4
Chemical
Bromochlorodifluoro-
methane (Halon 1211)
Bromomethane
Bromotrifluoromethane
(Halon 1301)
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorodifluoromethane
(HCFC-22)
1-Chloro-U-difluoro-
ethane (HCFC-142b)
Chlorotetrafluoroethane
l-Chloro-l,l,2,2-tetra-
fluoroethane (HCFC-124a)
2-Chloro- 1 , 1 , 1 ,2-tetra-
fluoroethane (HCFC-124)
Dibromotelrafluoro-
ethane (Halon 2402)
Dichlorodifluoromethane
(CFC-12)
1 , 1 ,-Dichloro- 1 -fluoro-
ethane (HCFC-141b)
Dichlorotetrafluoro-
ethane (CFC-114)
Dichlorotrifluoroethane
Dichloro-1, 1 ,2-trifluoro-
ethane
1 , 1 -Diebloro- 1 ,2,2-tri-
fluoroethane (HCFC-123b)
l,2-Dichloro-U,2-tri-
fluoroethane (HCFC-123a)
2,2-Dichloro- 1,1,1 -tri-
fluoroethane (HCFC-123)
Freon 113
Monochloropentafluoro-
ethane(CFC-US)
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluororaethane
(CFC-11)
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
0
0
0
850,623
259,501
0
0
0
142,400
0
196,821
267,060
20,995
0
0
0
0
750
1,943,928
0
6,983,705
146,379
10,812,162
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
0
100
0
17,314
128,936
0
0
0
0
0
536
110,328
0
0
0
0
0
0
163,558
0
1,845,839
197,690
2,464,301
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
0
750
0
1,172,726
70,225
6,720
0
0
21,637
0
163,077
1,128,638
33,638
0
0
0
0
53,420
960,119
561
2,323,066
250,798
6,185,375
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
0
0
0
574
10
0
0
0
0
0
3,366
1,649
0
0
0
0
0
5
39,023
5
6,439
43
51,114
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
0
0
0
50,710
130,235
0
0
0
0
0
1,058
150,606
173
0
0
0
0
0
42,431
8
162,877
24,676
562,774
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
72,131
0
72,381
Total
Transfers
Pounds
0
850
0
2,091,947
588,907
6,720
0
0
164,037
0
364,858
1,658,531
54,806
0
0
0
0
54,175
3,149,059
574
11,394,057
619,586
20,148,107
chemicals (18.6 million pounds), plastics (12.9
million pounds), and transportation equipment
(11.6 million pounds).
Uses of Ozone Depleters
CFCs and halons have various uses. A summary
of the major uses follows:
* CFCs are used as refrigerants, with applica-
tions in household refrigerators and freezers,
cold storage warehouses, refrigerated
transport systems, and air conditioning.
Some CFCs are used as blowing agents in
the manufacture of foam plastics. The CFCs
are used to create bubbles, or cells, in the
plastic foam structure.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane and Freon 113 are
used as industrial solvents in cleaning
operations. The three major cleaning
© Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
65
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-40. TRI Releases to Air of Ozone Depleters, by State, 1994.
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
507,300
0
0
275.016
693,936
8,102,929
516,307
695,248
1,825
0
517,919
759,412
0
0
1.035,794
1,275,885
530,483
477,192
1,868,172
958,066
88,685
181,508
523,258
1,036,990
616,004
922,387
1,048,632
0
51,256
49,956
25,169
1,548,464
47,295
990,550
1,620,399
2,375
1,547,295
162,671
108,658
954,876
443,225
132,623
1,503,073
26,784
1,251,629
2,737,229
763,133
3,324
14,973
1,218,732
516,777
232,434
430,884
5
39,016,737
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,273,071
0
0
467,167
732,353
6,500,365
88,810
1,303,516
9,400
0
523,780
822,319
0
0
1,446,963
2,103,586
183,391
620,303
3,793,577
1,277,489
307,747
100,398
227,372
718,076
319,807
166,402
1,149,301
0
223,156
7,918
133,707
504,288
19,022
642,631
1,584,545
34,005
3,311,541
103,746
112,272
824,497
310,784
1,071
1,100,731
51,936
1,660,205
1,518,786
981,963
9,881
0
744,565
113,116
1,244,098
326,490
0
39,700,147
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,780,371
0
0
742,183
1,426,289
14,603,294
605,117
1,998,764
11,225
0
1,041,699
1,581,731
0
0
2,482,757
3,379,471
713,874
1,097,495
5,661,749
2,235,555
396,432
281,906
750,630
1,755,066
935,811
1,088,789
2,197,933
0
274,412
57,874
158,876
2,052,752
66,317
1,633,181
3,204,944
36,380
4,858,836
266,417
220,930
1,779,373
754,009
133,694
2,603,804
78,720
2,911,834
4,256,015
1,745,096
13,205
14,973
1,963,297
629,893
1,476,532
757,374
5
78,716,884
66
-------
Alaska
Millions of Pounds
| More than 4
2 to 4
1 to 2
Ll Less than 1
o> Figure 1-12. TRI Releases to Air of Ozone Depleters, by State, 1994.
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TO/ Releases and Transfers
Table 1-41. TR1 Releases to Air of Ozone Depleters, by Industry, 1994.
SIC
Code Industry
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stone/Clay/Glass
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip.
37 Transportation Equip,
38 MeasureJPhoto.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39©
No codes 20-39©
Total
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
696,395
22,650
435,081
54,513
137,098
177,904
120,825
626,069
7,812,805
547,432
6,165.769
17,851
108,295
1,635,988
2,642,470
2,561,656
1,868,126
7,047,195
1,718,972
310,749
3,831,112
477,782
39,016,737
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
48,200
0
34,139
238,503
71,436
690,539
161,625
45,250
10,794,251
8,826
6,743,413
20,047
132,411
326,189
2,200,658
1,179,185
3,878,922
4,549,582
2,142,070
414,879
5.715,478
304,544
39,700,147
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
744,595
22,650
469,220
293,016
208,534
868,443
282,450
671,319
18,607,056
556,258
12,909,182
37,898
240,706
1,962,177
4,843,128
3,740,841
5,747,048
11,596,777
3,861,042
725,628
9,546,590
782,326
78,716,884
applications are metal cleaning, electronics
cleaning, and precision cleaning.
Halons, such as halon 1301 and halon 1211,
are used in fire extinguishers, including
portable systems used by military and
commercial "crash/rescue" teams at airports,
and in explosion protection devices.
CFC-12 is widely used in combination with
ethylene oxide to sterilize medical equip-
ment and devices, in pharmaceutical
production, and in spice fumigation.
CFC-11 is used to puff leaves of tobacco to
increase the volume of the tobacco used in
cigarette production.
• 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is used as a solvent in
adhesives, inks, and coatings, such as wood
coatings, metal coatings, and aerospace
coatings.
OSH A Carcinogens
Some chemicals on the TRI are listed because
they are either known human carcinogens or
suspect carcinogens. Known human carcinogens
are those that have been shown to cause cancer
in humans. Suspect carcinogens are those
chemicals that have been shown to cause cancer
in animals. Known and suspect carcinogens are
highlighted on the TRI list because reportable
de minimis concentration values are based on
whether the chemical is considered to be an
"OSHA Carcinogen" (see below). These known
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code or reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
68
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TW Releases and Transfers
or suspect carcinogens are featured in this public
data release package because these chemicals
are specifically identified on the EPCRA section
313 toxic chemical list.
Clarification of the Basis for
Carcinogen Listings on the EPCRA
Section 313 List of Toxic Chemicals
Under section 313, a chemical does not have to
be counted towards threshold and release
calculations if it is present in a mixture below a
certain concentration. This is known as the
section 313 "de minimis" concentration in
mixture. When the section 313 rule was devel-
oped, EPA adopted the de minimis percentages
from the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration's (OSHA) Hazard Communi-
cation Standards (29 CFR 1910.1200), because
much of the information that industry would
have relating to chemicals in mixtures would
most likely be from the material safety data
sheet (MSDS) on that mixture. The OSHA de
minimis limitation is 0.1% if the chemical is a
known or suspect carcinogen by virtue of
appearing in one of three sources:
1.
2.
3.
National Toxicology Program (NTP),
"Annual Report on Carcinogens" (Latest
Edition);
International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC) "Monographs" (Latest
Editions); or
29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and
Hazardous Substances, Occupational Safety
and Health Administration.
The de minimis limitation is 1.0% for chemicals
that do not meet the above OSHA carcinogen
criteria. The carcinogen designation in the list of
chemicals relates to any chemical that the
Agency determined met the above OSHA
criteria for the 0.1 % de minimis limitation. Box
1-6 shows the specific bases for which the
individual chemical was designated as a known
or suspect carcinogen.
Certain metal compound categories have two de
minimis limitations. For example, hexavalent
chromium compounds and inorganic arsenic
compounds meet the OSHA carcinogen criteria,
while trivalent chromium compounds and
organic arsenic do not meet the OSHA criteria.
As release and transfer information on these
groups are not reported separately, they were
not included in Tables 1-42, 1-43, and 1-44 and
Figures 1-13 and 1-14.
Table 1-42 provides the releases to air, water,
and land for known or suspect carcinogens
reported to TRI. Table 1-43 is a list of total
releases of known or suspect carcinogens to air,
water, and land by state, and Figure 1-13 is the
corresponding map illustrating reporting by
state. The states reporting the largest releases of
carcinogens in 1994 were Texas (17.9 million
pounds), Indiana (12.9 million pounds), and
North Carolina (9.7 million pounds).
Table 1-44 presents total releases to air, water,
and land of known or suspect carcinogens by
industry. The plastics industry accounted for the
largest quantity of carcinogen releases to air,
water, and land, nearly 43.5 million pounds. The
plastics industry accounted for only 6.2% of air/
water/land releases of all chemicals, yet 24.5%
of air/water/land releases of carcinogens. The
chemicals industry ranked second, with 38.9
million pounds, or 21.9%. The paper industry
was third, with 18.1 million pounds, while the
transportation equipment industry was just
behind, with 17.6 million pounds. Figure 1-14
shows the top 10 industries for releases of
known or suspect carcinogens to air, water, and
land.
69
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TW Re/eases and Transfers
———vi — l J
Chemical
Acctaldehyde
Acciamidc
2-Acctylaminofluorene
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
2-Aminoanthrnquinone
4-Aminoazobcnzcne
4-Aminobiphenyl
1 -Amino-2-methylanthraquinone
o-Anisidinc
o-Anisidine hydrochloride
Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds
Asbestos (friable)
Benzene
Bcnzidine
Bcnzoic trichloride
Beryllium
Bis(ehloromethyl)ether
1,3-Butadicnc
C.I. Direct Black 38
C.I. Direct Blue 6
C.I. Direct Brown 95
C.I. Food Red 5
C.I, Solvent Yellow 34 (Auramine)
Cadmium
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Chlorophcnols
Chromium (VI) compounds
Creosote
p-Cresidine
Cupferron
2,4-Diaminoanisole
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
Diaminotolucne (mixed isomers)
2,4-DiaminotoIuene
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Dlchlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3-Dichlorobenzidene
!,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromcthane
1 ,3-Dichloropropylene
Diepoxybutane
DI-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalaie
Dlethyl sulfate
SJ'-Dimethoxybenzidine
4-DimethyIaminoazobenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
Dimethylcarbamyl chloride
1 ,1 -Dimelhylhydrazine
Dimethyl sulfate
1,4-Dioxanc
1 ,2-Diphcnylhydrazine
Epichlorohydrin
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylcneimine
Eihylene oxide
Ethylcne thiourea
Formaldehyde
IARC©
2B
2B
—
2B
2A
, —
2B
1
—
2B
--
1
1
1
1
2B
2A
1
2B
2A
2A
2A
2B
2B
2A
2B
2B
1
2B
1
2A
2B
—
2B
—
2B
2B
2B
2B
2A
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2A
2B
2B
2B
2A
2B
2A
2B
—
2A
2B
—
2A
2B
• 2A
NTP©
P
—
P
P
P
P
—
K
P
--
P
K
K
K
K
P
P
K
P
P
P
..
—
..
P
P
P
K
—
K
—
P
P
—
P
—
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
—
P
P
P
OSHA©
..
—
Z
—
Z
..
~
z
—
..
_
Z
Z
..
Z
—
—
Z
—
—
—
—
.,
—
—
..
—
Z
-
—
-.
—
—
—
_
--
..
Z
—
..
—
Z
—
„
—
«
—
—
—
Z
..
~
..
—
..
—
..
—
Z
Z
—
—
Box 1-6. Basis of OSHA Carcinogen Listing for Individual Chemicals,
70
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Chemical
Hexachiorobenzene
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Lead and inorganic lead compounds
Lindane
4,4-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline)
4,4'-Methylenebis (N,N-dimethyl) benzeneamine
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
Michler's ketone
Mustard gas
alpha-Naphthylamine
beta-Naphthylamine
Nickel
Nickel compounds
Nitrilotriacetic acid
4-Nitrobiphenyl
Nitrofen
Nitrogen mustard
2-Nitropropane
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
N-Nitroso-N-metliylurea
N-Nitrosonornicotine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
Polychlorinaled biphenyls (PCBs)
Propane sultone
beta-Propiolactone
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
Saccharin (manufacturing)
Safrole
Styrene
Styrene oxide
Tetrachloroethylene
Thioacetamide
4,4'-ThiodianiIine
Thiourea
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
ToIuene-2,6-diisocyanate
Toluene diisocyanate (mixed isomers)
o-Toluidine
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
Toxaphene
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
Urethane
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
IARC©
2B
2B
2B
—
2B
2B
2A
2B
2B
„
1
..
1
2B
1
—
.,
2B
2A
2B
2B
2A
2A
2B
2B
2B
2A
2A
2B
2B
2B
2A
2B
2B
2B
2A
2B
2B
2B
2A
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
—
2B
2B
2A
2B
2A
1
NTP© OSHA(§)
P
P
P
p
z
p
p
p
p
p
K
Z
K Z
P
P®
P
Z
P
„
P
P
P
P Z
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
P Z
p
p
p
p
—
..
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
—
K Z
Box 1-6. Basis of OSHA Carcinogen Listing for Individual Chemicals, Cont.
© I: The chemical is carcinogenic to humans; 2A: The chemical is probably carcinogenic to humans; 2B: The chemical is possibly
carcinogenic to humans.
(§) K: The chemical is known to be carcinogenic; P: The chemical may reasonably be anticipated to be carcinogenic.
!§) Z: The chemical appears at 29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart Z.
(§) Certain nickel compounds.
71
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-42. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land of OSHA Carcinogens, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered).
CAS
Number®
75-07-0
60-35-5
79-06-1
107-13-1
60-09-3
92-67-1
90-04-0
7440-38-2
1332-21-4
71-43-2
92-87-5
98-07-7
7440-41-7
542-88-1
106-99-0
7440-43-9
56-23-5
67-66-3
107-30-2
—
7440-47-3
8001-58-9
120-71-8
135-20-6
101-80-4
25376-45-8
95-80-7
106-93-4
25321-22-6
106-46-7
91-94-1
107-06-2
75-09-2
542-75-6
117-81-7
64-67-5
94-58-6
119-90-4
57-14-7
77-78-1
123-91-1
Chemical
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-Aminobiphenyl
o-Anisidine
Arsenic
Asbestos (friable)
Benzene
Benzidine
Benzoic trichloride
Beryllium
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
1,3-Butadiene
Cadmium
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Chlorophenols
Chromium
Creosote
p-Cresidine
Cupferron
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
Diaminotoluene
(mixed isomers)
2,4-Diaminotoluene
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Dichlorobenzene
(mixed isomers)
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1 ,3-Diehloropropylene
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Diethyl sulfate
Dihydrosafrole
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine
Dimethyl sulfate
1 ,4-Dioxane
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,277,627
8
8,815
333,620
0
0
891
9,272
3,080
5,266,338
31,606
2,832
1
5
1,614,141
2,651
226,057
3,450,479
11
1,991
472,348
569,696
881
2
14
15,213
250
11,417
316
114,912
5
660,81 1
25,022,843
21,509
124,650
6,305
52
3
721
5,351
121,132
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
10,869,272
19
7,164
1,131,099
1
0
63
7,937
2,882
4,226,037
0
36
898
250
1,089,632
7,412
392,870
7,472,557
2,728
6,630
163,254
780,506
130
9
102
6,500
1,767
3,995
3,726
142,276
5
1,210,095
37,687,647
3,161
330,957
622
500
0
26
1,416
109,760
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
282,750
1
2,677
20,377
0
0
80
890
260
22,256
0
0
36
0
7,118
1,264
1,223
362,812
5
39
20,486
5,444
81
0
1,653
3,666
0
2,788
0
1,595
0
7,446
52,289
86
962
10
0
5
0
300
305,771
Releases
to Land
Pounds
20,352
0
155
278
0
0
30
4,883
288,146
25,371
0
0
22,860
0
396
4,146
0
11,667
0
1
1,148,491
660
50
0
12
57
0
325
0
1,100
0
15
50,845
0
103,756
5
0
0
0
0
2,266
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
12,450,001
28
18,811
1,485,374
1
0
1,064
22,982
294,368
9,540,002
31,606
2,868
23,795
255
2,711,287
15,473
620,150
11,297,515
2,744
8,661
1,804,579
1,356,306
1,142
11
1,781
25,436
2,017
18,525
4,042
259,883
10
1,878,367
62,813,624
24,756
560,325
6,942
552
8
747
7,067
538,929
72
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-42. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land of OSHA Carcinogens, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered), Cont.
CAS
Number®
106-89-8
140-88-5
151-56-4
75-21-8
96-45-7
50-00-0
118-74-1
302-01-2
10034-93-2
7439-92-1
58-89-9
101-14-4
101-77-9
90-94-8
134-32-7
7440-02-0
—
139-13-9
79-46-9
—
1336-36-3
1120-71-4
75-55-8
75-56-9
81-07-2
100-42-5
96-09-3
127-18-4
62-56-6
584-84-9
91-08-7
26471-62-5
95-53-4
88-06-2
51-79-6
593-60-2
75-01-4
Chemical
Epichlorohydrin
Ethyl acrylate
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Formaldehyde
Hexachlorobenzene
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Lead
Lindane
4,4'-Methylenebis
(2-chloroaniline)
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
Michler's ketone
alpha-Naphthylamine
Nickel
Nickel compounds
Nitrilotriacetic acid
2-Nitropropane
Polybrominated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs)
Propane sultone
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
Saccharin (manufacturing)
Styrene
Styrene oxide
Tetrachloroethylene
Thiourea
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
Toluenediisocyanate
(mixed isomers)
o-Toluidine
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Urethane
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
263,624
85,517
0
393.005
5
1,803,777
323
11,539
0
97,304
280
10
6,669
0
5
426,442
107,651
8
22,842
0
0
0
216
357,416
60
13,761,915
1
4,671,751
1,155
9,705
3,019
15,288
9,770
116
11,050
220
340,426
61,778,965
407,515,304 1,
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
223,103
87,567
0
321,950
524
9,674,746
112
4,846
2
317,870
299
10
3,073
814
5
140,557
132,907
5
14,381
0
0
0
265
678,422
20
25,587,630
60
5,530,378
2,017
25,736
5,484
35,157
2,365
83
0
2,400
725,809
109,182,538
148,492,781
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
3,486
253
0
2,088
0
388,750
269
292
0
12,268
5
0
725
0
0
31,342
66,981
2,748
3,300
0
0
0
0
12,695
0
75,579
0
3,872
3,539
0
0
0
534
65
0
0
377
1,713,538
Releases
to Land
Pounds
754
18
0
785
0
149,116
0
29
0
502,240
5
0
0
0
0
383,047
1,302,415
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,151
0
480,863
0
4,349
250
0
0
250
6
0
0
0
6
4,516,151
66,083,288 289,151,126
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
490,967
173,355
0
717,828
529
12,016,389
704
16,706
2
929,682
589
20
10,467
814
10
981,388
1,609,954
2,761
40,523
0
0
0
481
1,054,684
80
39,905,987
61
10,210,350
6,961
35,441
8,503
50,695
12,675
264
11,050
2,620
1,066,618
177,191,192
1,911,242,499
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
73
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-43. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land of OSHA Carcinogens, by State, 1994.
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
7,136,547
57,779
0
860,550
2,479,739
5,257,276
374,086
2,611,946
539,444
0
5,373,340
6,919,312
36,855
314,788
6,285,711
12,492,605
1,853,029
2,311,501
2,990,809
4,744,054
815,318
1,028,375
1,076,385
5,354,499
2,945,904
8,111,440
2,991,897
279,691
432,230
53,985
246,271
1,423,657
126,067
4,253,179
9,615,740
171,200
8,090,197
2,355,823
3,067,303
6,898,996
4,185,911
131,237
5,817,414
115,138
6,834,657
17,478,697
890,889
23,000
62,690
4,530,768
3,274,907
2,445,428
3,131,848
61,391
170,961,503
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
98,986
41,685
0
1
34,184
125,382
489
227,574
851
0
12,629
26,964
0
5,250
12,887
8,396
2,081
249
26,839
120,310
16,672
5,688
360
16,415
8,608
22,475
3,146
1,186
1,005
0
3,679
10,233
2
149,030
40,312
18
57,814
1,628
19,529
28,169
600
10
99,405
0
103,372
80,348
0
250
211
16,637
237,365
17,520
26,339
755
1,713,538
Releases
to Land
Pounds
45,013
505
0
96,332
700,241
7,292
1,960
1,035
. 33,927
0
840
44,847
255
2,804
215,298
384,193
49,796
15,417
23,751
575,175
68
29,843
4,240
248,103
28,988
17,198
33,150
29,152
7,635
0
6,980
40,596
955
19,926
5,292
1
413,691
13,288
122,401
593,024
5
0
47,049
264
17,138
348,110
18,748
255
873
12,457
1,897
. 73,029
182,288
826
4,516,151
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
7,280,546
99,969
0
956,883
3,214,164
5,389,950
376,535
2,840,555
574,222
0
5,386,809
6,991,123
37,110
322,842
6,513,896
12,885,194
1,904,906
2,327,167
3,041,399
5,439,539
832,058
1,063,906
1,080,985
5,619,017
2,983,500
8,151,113
3,028,193
310,029
440,870
53,985
256,930
1,474,486
127,024
4,422,135
9,661,344
171,219
8,561,702
2,370,739
3,209,233
7,520,189
4,186,516
131,247
5,963,868
115,402
6,955,167
17,907,155
909,637
23,505
63,774
4,559,862
3,514,169
2,535,977
3,340,475
62,972
177,191,192
74
-------
Alaska
Millions of Pounds
I More than 8
4 to 8
1 to 4
Less than 1
§
I
*"*
1
8
I:
Mi
Figure 1-13, TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by State, 1994,
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-44. TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land of OSHA Carcinogens, by Industry, 1994.
SIC
Code Industry
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stonc/Clay/Glass
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip.
37 Transportation Equip.
38 McasureyPhoto.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39®
No codes 20-39®
Total
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
449,336
0
976,873
74,807
6,195,088
1,356,325
17,606,790
324,043
37,334,864
3,930,843
43,325,464
69,646
3,096,377
3,971,388
6,179,791
1,972,927
2,791,506
17,601,535
4,201,780
2,045,598
14,942,191
2,514,331
170,961,503
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
325
0
409
0
11,440
210
505,284
0
691,909
25,286
711
250
1,132
64,137
9,396
2,283
2,394
7,699
139,306
394
248,775
2,198
1,713,538
Releases
to Land
Pounds
24,543
0
1
0
2,955
13
37,092
250
842,337
37,573
139,290
10,874
348,101
2,563,538
77,162
49,028
4,289
17,793
1,025
4,340
355,661
286
4,516,151
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
474,204
0
977,283
74,807
6,209,483
1,356,548
18,149,166
324,293
38,869,110
3,993,702
43,465,465
80,770
3,445,610
6,599,063
6,266,349
2,024,238
2,798,189
17,627,027
4,342,111
2,050,332
15,546,627
2,516,815
177,191,192
RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
OF ALL TRI CHEMICALS
The last table provided in this chapter (Table
1-45) is an alphabetical listing of all of the TRI
chemicals reported in 1994 and their associated
releases and transfers.
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code or reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
76
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Millions of Pounds
45
40-
Figure 1-14. Top 10 Industries for TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, 1994.
77
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-45. Releases and Transfers of All TRI Chemicals, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered).
CAS
Numberfp
75-07-0
60-35-5
75-05-8
98-86-2
107-02-8
79-06-1
79-10-7
107-13-1
107-18-6
107-OS-l
7429-90-S
1344-28-1
60-09-3
92-67-1
7664-41-7
64S4-52-2
7783-20-2
62-53-3
90-04-0
104.94-9
120-12-7
7440-36-0
—
7440-38-2
—
1332-21-4
7440-39-3
—
98-87-3
71-43-2
92-87-5
98-07-7
98-88-4
94-36-0
100-44-7
7440-41-7
—
92-52-4
111-91-1
111-44-4
542-88-1
108-60-1
103-23-1
353-S9-3
74-83-9
75-63-8
106-99-0
141-32-2
71-36-3
78-92-2
75-65-0
106-88-7
123-72-8
569-64-2
Chemical
Acctaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetoniirile
Acetophcnone
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Allyl alcohol
Allyl chloride
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Aluminum oxide
(fibrous forms)
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-Aininobiphenyl
Ammonia
Ammonium nitrate
(solution)
Ammonium sulfate
(solution)
Aniline
o-Anisidinc
p-Anisidine
Anthracene
Antimony
Antimony compounds
Arsenic
Arsenic compounds
Asbestos (finable)
Barium
Barium compounds
Benzal chloride
Benzene
Bcnzidinc©
Bcnzoic trichloride
Bcnzoyl chloride
BenzoyI peroxide
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
Beryllium compounds
Biphenyl
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)
methane
Bis(2-chlorocthyl)
ether
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloro-I-methyl-
ethyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
adipate
Bromochlorodifluoro-
mcthane (Halon 121 1)
Bromomethaiie
Bromotrifluoromethane
(Halon 1301)
1,3-Butadiene
Butyl acrylate
n-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl alcohol
1,2-Butylcne oxide
Butyraldehyde
C.I. Baste Green 4
Forms
Number
227
4
86
35
17
76
185
114
26
20
297
47
1
1
2,978
227
173
67
7
2
68
120
520
89
294
85
57
618
3
491
1
5
20
62
48
10
8
131
1
11
2
2
148
4
48
5
177
166
1,145
112
81
15
28
1
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,277,627
g
786,855
168,984
6,342
8,815
254,532
333,620
43,045
149,565
375,561
88,299
0
0
39,855,072
92,657
4,348
148,063
891
0
31,565
3,760
41,285
9,272
12,285
3,080
76,327
101,713
163
5,266,338
31,606
2,832
11,719
946
16,851
1
0
535,976
12,260
2,835
5
1,800
204,494
965
472,663
22,335
1,614,141
124,645
6,412,269
485,968
632,095
5,341
133,044
0
Slack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
10,869,272
19
353,711
113,646
55,306
7,164
222,593
1,131,099
12,765
51,919
1,549,068
31,390
1
0
116,131,189
715,856
150,580
153,841
63
10
49,038
16,211
51,604
7,937
67,765
2,882
5,845
216,455
12
4,226,037
0
36
1,972
1,021
6,282
898
610
79,414
250
395
250
3,090
491,309
5
2,197,112
0
1,089,632
139,080
21,838,819
508,969
377,091
4,702
146,824
10
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
282,750
1
14,580
584
440
2,677
1,928
20,377
7,685
7
24,574
1,543
0
0
14,613,475
6,978,376
4,196,377
8,835
80
5
341
98,466
45,682
890
7,602
260
6,064
53,206
0
22,256
0
0
0
5
49
36
2
3,733
0
7
0
3,026
1,226
0
13
0
7,118
218
50,681
5,902
179,786
210
875
0
Underground
Injection
Pounds
602,167
466,000
17,105,679
413,881
107,999
5,198,814
6,436,000
4,894,487
148,388
0
301
0
350
5
29,059,299
51,190,858
130,044
1,664,033
0
0
0
0
40,224
0
60,400
0
0
250
0
223,103
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
48,302
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,777,216
143,443
690,183
0
87,047
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
20,352
0
3,229
1,967
0
155
113
278
80
2
1,143,448
257
0
0
6,142,040
1,568,145
73,117
1,554
30
0
5,864
10,226
1,266,727
4,883
1,543,924
288,146
267,704
322,597
0
25,371
0
0
0
3,635
126
22,860
17,000
5,198
0
0
0
1
147,565
0
0
0
396
52
2,161
5
111
0
0
0
Total
Releases
Pounds
13,052,168
466,028
18,264,054
699,062
170,087
5,217,625
6,915,166
6,379,861
211,963
201,493
3,092,952
121,489
351
5
205,801,075
60,545,892
4,554.466
1,976,326
1,064
15
86,808
128,663
1,445,522
22,982
1,691,976
294,368
355,940
694,221
175
9,763,105
31,606
2,868
13,691
5,607
23,331
23,795
17,612
672,623
12,510
3,237
255
7,917
844,594
970
2,669,788
22,335
2,711,287
263,995
30,081,146
1,144,287
1,879,266
10,253
367,790
10
78
-------
Chapter 1 — 7994 TRI Releases ana Transfers
Table 1-45.
Chemical
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Allyl alcohol
Allyl chloride
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Aluminum oxide
(fibrous forms)
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Ammonia
Ammonium nitrate
(solution)
Ammonium sulfate
(solution)
Aniline
o-Anisidine
p-Anisidine
Anthracene
Antimony
Antimony compounds
Arsenic
Arsenic compounds
Asbestos (friable)
Barium
Barium compounds
Benzal chloride
Benzene
Benzidine
Benzoic trichloride
Benzoyl chloride
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
Beryllium compounds
Biphenyl
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)
methane
Bis(2-chloroethyl)
ether
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloro- 1 -methyl-
ethyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
adipate
Bromochlorodifluoro-
methane (Halon 1211)
Bromomethane
Bromotrifluoromethane
(Halon 1301)
1,3-Butadiene
Butyl acrylate
n-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl alcohol
1,2-Butylene oxide
Butyraldehyde
C.I. Basic Green 4
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
28,005
0
1,741,949
8,766'
0
0
71,070
100
0
0
27,911,571
420,800
0
0
10,568,904
848,307
2,426,899
0
0
0
38,652
3,088,258
3,815,342
836,449
296,314
0
127,098
1,674,218
0
555,346
0
0
0
9,000
0
13,751
312,617
161,084
0
186,472
0
0
176,148
0
0
0
7,328,960
107,082
2,647,121
44,064
1,356
2,650
0
0
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
260.259
0
5,549,674
542,741
11,893
41,953
5,351,737
425,040
98,237
15,149
245,466
7,900
0
0
43,263
10,328
452
1,124,207
0
0
65,121
3,165
31,974
0
3
0
19
96,833
54,000
1,657,785
0
12
0
2,097
401,125
0
0
309,207
0
162,623
0
0
149,329
0
100
0
166,970
182,031
7,765,803
5,307,090
29,854,068
364,065
17,281
0
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
432,543
846
3,841,987
37,749
3,857
50,620
485,395
835,031
90,132
462,055
147,542
91,047
0
0
7,724,195
99,014
3.199,170
592,205
0
0
9,487
22,943
552,611
10,738
1,044,606
260
6,050
1,510,614
0
2,142,148
0
0
496,694
24,166
538
19
1,060
389,864
0
5,045
0
0
29,135
0
750
0
400,339
85,812
2,210,978
75,307
1,201,904
0
6,555
499
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
444,126
0
1,046,438
15,433
0
82,086
37,103
169,644
248,954
14
9,167
2,295
0
0
54,573,874
4,546,684
10.824,126
1,542,912
2.171
5
630
55,605
82,033
181
306
2
5,925
205,006
0
210,714
0
0
75
21,318
6,342
0
1
296,466
0
2,846
0
0
22,167
0
0
0
537
107,496
1,818,779
37,320
743,825
10
203,094
0
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
992
0
66,890
19,138
0
3,891
57,642
8,738
34,590
37
12,394,364
1,504,133
0
0
1,615,286
3,972,929
43,354
126,195
1
0
60,186
104,519
4,270,334
47,647
1,702,452
3,979,953
222,758
5,088,056
0
203,939
0
0
250
11,185
246
9,617
1,850
29,060
0
0
5
0
617,807
0
0
0
6,846
74,565
201,799
32,287
70,079
0
1,038
0
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
505
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
951
0
0
0
0
11,332
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
297
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers
Pounds
1,165,925
846
12,246,938
623,827
15,750
178,550
6,002,947
1,438,553
471,913
477,255
40,708,110
2,026,175
0
0
74,526,027
9,477,262
16,494,001
3,385.519
2,172
5
174,076
3,274,490
8,753,245
895,015
3,043,681
3,980,215
361,850
8,586,059
54,000
4,770,182
0
12
497,019
67,766
408,251
23,387
315,528
1,185,681
0
356,986
5
0
994,586
0
850
0
7,903,652
556,986
14,644,777
5,496,068
31,871,232
366,725
227,968
499
79
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-45. Releases and Transfers of All TRI Chemicals, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered), Continued.
CAS
Number®
989-38-8
2832-40-8
81-88-9
3118-97-6
7440-43-9
—
156-62-7
133-06-2
63-25-2
75-15-0
56-23-5
463-58-1
120-80-9
57-74-9
7782-50-5
10049-04-4
79-11-8
108-90-7
75-45-6
75-68-3
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
107-30-2
—
126-99-8
354-25-6
2837-89-0
1897-45-6
7440-47-3
—
7440-48-4
—
7440-50-8
—
8001-58-9
120-71-8
1319-77-3
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
80-15-9
135-20-6
—
110-82-7
94-75-7
1163-19-5
101-80-4
25376-45-8
95-80-7
132-64-9
106-93-4
84-74-2
25321-22-6
Chemical
C.I. Basic Red 1
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3
C.I. Food Red 15
C.I. Solvent Orange 7
Cadmium
Cadmium compounds
Calcium cyanamide
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbonyl sulfide
Catcchol
Chlordane
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chloroacetic acid
Chlorobenzene
Chlorodifluoromethanc
(HCFC-22)
l-ChIoro-l,l-difluoro-
cthane (HCFC-142b)
Chlorocthane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
Chloromethyl methyl
ether
Chlorophenols
Chloroprene
1 -Chloro-1 , 1 ,2,2-tctra-
fluorocthane (HCFC-124a)
2-Chloro-l,l,l,2-tetra-
fluoroethane (HCFC-124)
Chlorothalonil
Chromium
Chromium compounds
Cobalt
Cobalt compounds
Copper
Copper compounds
Creosote
p-Cresidine
Cresol (mixed isomers)
m-Crcsol
o-Crcsol
p-Crcsol
Cumcne
Cumcne hydroperoxide
Cupfcrron
Cyanide compounds
Cyclohcxane
2,4-D (acetic acid)
Dccabromodiphcnyl oxide
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl
ether
Diaminotoluene
(mixed isomers)
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Dibcnzofuran
1 ,2-Dibromoe thane
Dibutyl phthalate
Dichlorobenzene
(mixed isomers)
Forms
Number
2
3
1
2
45
113
5
18
24
82
69
53
117
1
1,449
125
32
65
213
25
49
167
109
3
10
14
4
8
22
1.766
1,416
236
218
2,537
1,412
89
5
155
24
25
27
237
41
2
247
374
29
126
5
11
4
34
16
126
7
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
4
238
0
0
2,651
6,290
0
1,522
2,668
3,735,747
226,057
77,490
1,169
1,300
1,276,642
16,909
5,983
746,013
4,174,501
556,247
1,285,717
3,450,479
949,731
11
1,991
125,385
923
325,829
1,472
472,348
174,722
21,233
10,473
407,878
3,236,400
569,696
881
358,770
35,097
12,085
34,350
831,912
78,787
2
125,190
3,532,751
5,797
16,151
14
15,213
250
15,416
11,417
26,767
316
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
4
0
0
0
7,412
43,216
5
6,971
4,749
79,582,068
392,870
17,068,681
1,877
0
58,502,168
1,484,132
710
702,484
3,806,425
5,095,881
1,525,244
7.472,557
4,115,002
2,728
6,630
968,771
481,410
508,593
2,668
163,254
332,632
23,242
22,290
728,901
2,131,573
780,506
130
1,433,980
18,973
3,359
31,783
1,209,112
57,791
9
901,313
5,145,330
3,772
153,471
102
6,500
1,767
9,070
3,995
43,349
3,726
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
26
0
0
1,264
765
0
5
10
62,529
1,223
0
28,005
13
516,005
0
10,178
2,206
2,340
330
767
362,812
59,463
5
39
2 '
0
1,556
21
20,486
158,795
6,819
106,474
56,467
83,187
5,444
81
11,607
4,072
1,990
2,020
6,363
176
0
102,633
31,695
133
1,958
1,653
3,666
0
41
2,788
2,327
0
Underground Releases
Injection to Land
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
170
0
0
0
• 4,305
12,654
0
0
0
74,311
0
0
72,000
0
0
110
80,002
50,707
0
94,236
59,600
0
0
0
48
38,061
0
1,750
19,944
214,308
0
0
808,900
610,000
660,000
301,900
8,940
280,000
0
3,239,418
192,409
250
40
0
7,700
0
0
12
280,000
0
0
0
0
0
4,146
54,326
0
5
255
80
0
0
1,331
0
63,098
0
950
16
1,637
0
142
11,667
34
0
1
3,997
0
0
250
1,148,491
20,636,107
35,030
133,602
990,842
41,449,920
660
50
4,828
0
0
0
942
2,500
0
13,955
18,138
300
298,191
12
57
0
1,589
325
750
0
Total
Releases
Pounds
8
264
0
0
15,473
104,767
5
8,503
7,682
83,384.729
632,804
17,146,171
32,382
1,313
60,432,224
1,501,041
17,821
1,522,719
7,984,903
5,652,458
2,811,980
11,377,517
5,174,937
2,744
102,897
1,157,755
482,333
835,978
4,411
1,804,627
21,340,317
86,324
274,589
2,204,032
47,115,388
1,356,306
1,142
2,618,085
668,142
677,434
370,053
2,057,269
419,254
11
4,382,509
8,920,323
10,252
469,811
1,781
33,136
2,017
26,116
18,537
353,193
4,042
80
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-45, Cont.
Chemical
C.I. Basic Red 1
C,I. Disperse Yellow 3
C.I. Food Red 15
C.I. Solvent Orange 7
Cadmium
Cadmium compounds
Calcium cyanamide
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbon disuifide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbonyl sulftde
Catechol
Chlordane
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chloroacetic acid
Chlorobenzene
Chlorodifluoromethane
(HCFC-22)
1 -Chloro-1 , 1 -difluoro-
elhane (HCFC-142b)
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
Chloromethyl methyl
ether
Chlorophenols
Chloroprene
l-Chloro-l,l,2,2-tetra-
fluoroethane (HCFC-124a)
2-Chloro-l , 1, 1,2-tetra-
fluoroethane (HCFC-124)
Chlorothalonil
Chromium
Chromium compounds
Cobalt
Cobalt compounds
Copper
Copper compounds
Creosote
p-Cresidine
Cresol (mixed isomers)
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cupferron
Cyanide compounds
Cyclohexane
2,4-D (acetic acid)
Decabromodiphenyl oxide
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl
ether
Diaminotoluene
(mixed isomers)
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Dibenzofuran
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Dibutyl phlhalate
Dichlorobenzene
(mixed isomers)
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
0
0
0
0
773,739
2,304,441
0
0
0
426
850,623
0
0
0
2,833,1 14
0
0
1,084,976
259,501
0
174,502
351,182
0
0
17,232
1,155,305
0
142,400
0
106,988,736
39,743,319
8,928,654
1,989,331
519,843,303
147,039,786
1,550
0
337,998
684,191
4,178
450,009
96,410
0
0
27,418
1,532,738
0
159,003
0
321
0
26,485
116
23,901
0
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
114
0
0
0
. 0
2,717
0
0
0
205,993
17,314
0
9,318
. 0
4,310
0
250
625,394
128,936
0
58,709
101,775
7,239
0
0
96,000
0
0
15
26,279
68,536
0
1,893
38,402
64,628
104,733
0
577,126
21,207
11,520
44,592
621,205
738
17,811
8,094
2,689,509
0
30,860
0
354,950
480
0
2
237,232
2,566
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
132
0
0
0
9,628
160,927
0
2,410
5,222
31,113
1,172,726
18,000
2,805
6
345,447
0
5,406
1,120,085
70,225
6,720
360,204
1,969,035
358,585
0
26,914
50,800
0
21,637
7,551
503,018
4,904,303
848,427
112,916
1,085,388
2,126,732
91,495
2,200
253,925
48,433
27,062
32,831
193,873
2,353
0
404,259
2,416,381
45,410
24,923
9,574
507,953
64,350
135
73,737
159,616
211
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
274
2,488
0
284
599
2,414
0
26
. 1
359,388
574
0
83,355
100
883,757
296
1,015
1,922
10
0
760
437,920
2,242
0
1,494
16,571
0
0
505
71,283
356,493
21,592
8,191
132,657
146,348
10,826
28,896
62,226
14,624
99,457
1,723,189
24,194
.768
78
164,181
17,638
38
394,637
10
160,640
0
508
0
3,978
0
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
668
2,597
0
350
59,259
1,863,630
0
1,237
16,491
1,677
50,710
0
1,568
0
15,133
2
603
94,629
130,235
0
8
68,693
1,565
70
383
6,391
0
0
227,473
4,808,805
10,939,269
142,241
407,852
13,873,204
9,839,385
4,723,708
3,000
71,546
15,923
8,335
10,617
25,761
71,597
0
156,894
25,364
96,785
951,231
122
9,719
0
26,616
251
68,507
9
Other
Off-site
Transfers^
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
86,213
0
0
250
8,274
199,764
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,854
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers
Pounds
1,188
5,085
0
634
843,225
4,334,129
0
3,673
21,714
598,597
2,091,947
18,000
97,046
106
4,086,766
298
7,274
2,927,006
588,907
6.720
594,183
2,928,605
369,631
70
46,023
1,325,067
0
164,037
235,544
1 12,484,334
56,011,920
9.940,914
2,520,433
534,981,228
159,416,643
4,932,312
34,096
1,302,821
784.378
150,552
2,261,238
961,443
75,456
17,889
769,700
6,681,630
142,233
1,560,654
9,706
1,033,583
64,830
53,744
74,106
493,234
2,786
81
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-45. Releases and Transfers of All TRI Chemicals, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered), Continued.
CAS
Number©
95-SO-l
541-73-I
106-46-7
91-94-1
75-27-4
764-41-0
75-71-8
107-06-2
540-59-0
1717-00-6
75-09-2
120-83-2
78-87-5
78-88-6
542-75-6
76-14-2
34077-87-7
306-83-2
62-73-7
115-32-2
111-42-2
117-81-7
84-66-2
64-67-5
94-58-6
119-90-4
57-14-7
105-67-9
131-11-3
77-78-1
99-65-0
528-29-0
100-25-4
534-52-1
51-28-5
121-14-2
606-20-2
25321-14-6
123-91-1
106-89-8
110-80-5
140-88-5
100-41-4
541-41-3
74-85-1
107-21-1
—
151-56-4
75-21-8
96-45-7
75-34-3
2164-17-2
50-00-0
64-18-6
76-13-1
—
Chemical
1 ,2-Diehlorobenzene
1 ,3-Diehlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorebenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlorobromomethone
1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
(CFC-12)
1 ,2-Dichforoethane
1 ,2-DkhtetoethyIene
1 , 1 ,-Dichloro- 1 -fluoro-
cthnne (HCPC-141b)
Dichloromethane
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1 ,2-Dkhloropropane
2,3-DichIoropropcne
1 ,3-Dtchloropropylene
Dichlorotetrafluoro-
ethane (CFC-1 14}
Dichlorotrifluoroethane
2,2-Dichtoro- 1,1, 1-tri-
nuoroelhane (HCFC-123)
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Diethanolomine
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl sulfale
Dihydrosafrole
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl sulfate
m-Dinitrobenzene
o-Dinitrobenzene
p-Diniirobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-DinitroloIucne
Dinitrotoluene
(mixed isomcrs)
1,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl chloroforraate
Ethylene
Ethylene glycol
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic
acid, salts, and esters
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Ethylidene dichloride
Fluometuron
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Forms
Number
33
9
23
5
1
3
169
79
9
252
1,030
5
13
4
11
21
1
8
5
3
358
307
63
33
1
3
3
21
75
37
2
3
1
6
6
2
I
6
55
68
40
107
969
5
276
1,321
6
1
155
10
3
7
781
213
237
2,157
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
98,035
1,925
114,912
5
0
2,501
3,004,180
660,81 1
7,796
4,399,218
25,022,843
3,045
303,857
46,033
21,509
1,176,003
250
107,774
768
255
189,175
124,650
24,803
6,305
52
3
721
17,252
67,703
5,351
70
4
1
6
121
1,848
503
4,980
121,132
263,624
77,973
85,517
3,258,605
3,106
14,668,769
5,300,772
755
0
393,005
5
2,361
290
1,803,777
262,222
3,337,957
10,455,326
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
147,1 14
8,270
142,276
5
0
1,400
1,867,929
1,210,095
7,813
3,243,616
37,687,647
794
405,690
336
3,161
186,601
5
23,660
513
0
140,171
330,957
133,712
622
500
0
26
40,496
199,555
1,416
476
61
16
84
2
51
13
10,950
109,760
223,103
149,612
87,567
8,844,428
435
20,601,567
4,354,999
500
0
321,950
524
21,131
542
9,674,746
318,837
1,738,081
38,065,248
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
2,812
547
1,595
0
0
5
431
7,446
23
270
52,289
61
3,609
360
86
6,190
0
253
5
0
221,037
962
752
10
0
5
0
704
266
300
5,087
651
177
5
2,312
399
374
10
305,771
3,486
104
253
10,978
5
27,438
784,402
0
0
2,088
0
0
0
388,750
11,674
1,504
292,472
Underground
Injection
Pounds
2,900
0
2,000
0
0
0
54
34,296
0
0
960,942
10,860
215
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
81,164
0
0
0
0
0
0
64,000
1,200
0
0
0
0
0
36,900
0
0
28,000
0
0
0
0
633,842
0
0
4,958,550
0
0
8,100
0
0
0
7,739,510
10,671,734
0
128,096
Releases
to Land
Pounds
24,287
0
1,100
0
0
0
0
15
0
49,744
50,845
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
169,713
103,756
803
5
0
0
0
250
5
0
95,086
11
3
0
9
0
0
0
2,266
754
2
IS
54,286
5
0
1,051,939
0
0
785
0
0
0
149,116
3,105
0
50,785
Total
Releases
Pounds
275,148
10,742
261,883
10
0
3,906
4,872,594
1,912.663
15,632
7,692,848
63,774,566
14,760
713,383
46,729
24,756
1,368,794
255
131,687
1,286
255
801,260
560,325
160,070
6,942
552
8
747
122,702
268,729
7,067
100,719
727
197
95
39,344
2,298
890
43,940
538,929
490,967
227,691
173,355
12,802,139
3,551
35,297,774
16,450,662
1,255
0
725,928
529
23,492
832
19,755,899
11,267,572
5,077,542
48,991,927
82
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-45, Cent.
Chemical
1 ,2-DichIorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlorobromomethane
1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
(CFC-12)
1,2-Dichloroethane
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
1 , 1 ,-Dichloro-l -fluoro-
ethane (HCFC-141b)
Dichloromethane
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
2,3-Dichloropropene
1,3-Dichloropropylene
Dichlorotetrafluoro-
ethane(CFC-114)
DichlorotriHuoroethane
2,2-Dichloto- 1 , 1 , 1 -tri-
nuoroethane (HCFC-123)
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Diethanolamine
DH2-ethylhexyI)
phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl sulfate
Dihydrosafrole
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine
2,4-DimethylphenoI
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl sulfate
m-Dinitrobenzene
o-Dinitrobenzene
p-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresoI
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Dinitrotoluene
(mixed isomers)
1 ,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl aerylate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl chloroformate
Ethylene
Ethylene glycol
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic
acid, salts, and esters
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Ethylidene dichloride
Fluometuron
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
2,518,203
7,632
7,531
0
0
0
196,821
15,625,934
2,400
267,060
20,785,487
0
0
0
5,007
20,995
0
750
0
0
268,541
5,889,207
569,800
6,180,000
0
0
46
46,074
5,276
35,803
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23,697
0
304,696
46,359
5,019,955
0
0
120,231,084
0
0
6,177
780
0
0
49,281
15,000
1,943,928
4,280,494
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
777,347
0
2,730
12,000
0
120,014
536
636,747
0
1 10,328
3,755,198
0
1
0
1,703
0
0
0
250
0
88,600
277,414
14,224
76
0
0
0
43,599
87,747
0
0
0
0
74
0
1,187
156
250
61 9,260
183,888
310,524
1,613,608
9,057,150
10
9,961,635
7,683,312
0
0
1
0
3,990
0
283,343
40,125
163,558
14,471,517
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
2,153,033
1,858
272,689
14,500
0
120,000
163,077
1,178,962
28
1,128,638
11,458,743
0
2,037
557,368
11,934
33,638
0
53,420
755
250
295,008
211,095
127,523
1,892
0
0
3,308
28,001
14,290
0
0
0
0
10,186
12,375
0
0
456,960
75,177
880,789
34,027
49,894
1,936,211
761
25,854
16,044,270
20,780
0
6,630
8,240
1
2,009
707,840
131,988
960,119
4,222,175
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
20,607
1,800
3,303
260
0
0
3,366
11,853
0
1,649
835,117
0
253
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
1,503,177
30,123
235,024
4,565
0
33
0
6,161
95,851
10
0
0
0
640
0
0
0
130,000
311,650
38,615
355,198
26,959
59,381
0
563
16,326,235
4,122
0
103,723
5
0
255
2,698,561
1,899,062
39,023
11,140,741
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
38,095
0
0
1,255
0
0
1,058
75,392
6
150,606
296,536
1,815
699
0
0
173
0
0
7,037
0
349,362
2,090,391
2,767
0
0
0
5
1,448
3,802
0
0
0
0
5,953
70
255
0
567,615
16,115
183
0
20,056
304,318
0
17
1,657,669
162
0
5,421
2,819
1
2,335
266,426
1,236
42,431
703,449
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0 .
0
0
0
250
9,517
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14,682
Total
Transfers
Pounds
5,507,285
11,290
286,253
28,015
0
240,014
364,858
17,528,888
2,434
1,658,531
37,140,598
1,815
2,990
557,368
18,644
54,806
0
54,175
8,042
250
2,504,688
8,498,230
949,338
6,186,533
0
33
3,359
125,283
206,966
35,813
0
0
0
16,853
12,445
1,442
156
1,154,825
1,045,899
1,103,475
1,004,445
1,756,876
16,377,015
771
9,988,069
161,942,570
25,064
0
121,952
11,844
. 3,992
4,599
4,005,451
2,087,411
3,149,059
34,833,058
83
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-45. Releases and Transfers of All TRI Chemicals, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered), Continued.
CAS
Number®
76-44-8
II8-74-1
87-68-3
77-47-4
67-72-1
70-30-4
302-01-2
10034-93-2
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
123-31-9
78-84-2
67-63-0
80-05-7
7439-92-1
—
58-89-9
108-31-6
109-77-3
12427-38-2
7439-96-5
—
7439-97-6
—
126-98-7
67-56-1
72-43-5
109-86-4
96-33-3
79-22-1
1634-04-4
101-14-4
101-68-8
74-95-3
101-77-9
78-93-3
60-34-4
74-88-4
108-10-1
624-83-9
80-62-6
109-06-8
90-94-8
1313-27-5
76-15-3
91-20-3
134-32-7
7440-02-0
—
7697-37-2
139-13-9
99-59-2
98-95-3
55-63-0
99-55-8
Chemical
Hcptochlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hcxachloro-
1,3-butadiene
Hexaehlorocyclo-
pcnladicnc
Hexachloroethane
Hexachlorophene
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydroquinone
Isobutyraldehyde
Isopropyl alcohol
(manufacturing)
4,4'-Isopropylidene-
diphenol
Lead
Lead compounds
Lindane
Malcic anhydride
Malononitrile
Mancb
Manganese
Manganese compounds
Mercury
Mercury compounds
Mcthacrylonitrile
Mcthanol
Mcthoxychlor
2-Methoxyethanol
Methyl acrylate
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Methyl tcrt-butyl ether
4,4'-Methylenebis
(2-chIoroaniline)
MethyleneWs
(phcnylisocyanate)
Mclhylcne bromide
4.4'-Methylenedianiline
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methylpyridine
Michlcr's ketone
Molybdenum trioxide
Monoehloropentafluoro-
ethane (CPC-115)
Naphthalene
alpha- Naphthy! amine
Nickel
Nickel compounds
Nitric acid
Nitrilotriacctic acid
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
Nitrobenzene
Nitroglycerin
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Forms
Number
1
9
7
4
19
2
46
3
3,300
45
521
60
20
85
114
817
845
8
212
2
6
1,385
986
21
9
3
2,439
3
58
68
2
190
20
879
6
27
2,389
2
4
1,031
4
262
4
1
152
12
527
2
1,739
834
1,827
8
1
14
19
3
Fugitive or
Nonpolnt Air
Emissions
Pounds
830
323
1,189
7,675
4,736
0
11,539
0
3,489,997
73,812
2,720,617
16,113
167,790
287,148
136,826
97,304
507,374
280
76,903
0
255
551,291
1,125,401
7,745
2,012
801
32,088,254
5
156,788
93,969
4,650
898,970
10
248,941
30,565
6,669
27,184,737
250
30,383
6,847,214
18,730
718,626
53,815
0
140,500
305,170
1,744,636
5
426,442
107,651
686,983
8
5
33,963
1,842
4
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
0
112
221
1,248
30,260
0
4,846
.;2
69,181,592
2,208,155
4,661,457
28,861
207,317
708,275
100,086
317,870
894,106
299
171,186
45
17
229,593
1,842,932
2,859
704
2
185,724,754
5
461,835
165,346
245
2,202,805
10
259,178
41,280
3,073
51,440,202
250
11
18,429,655
1 105
1,7-^,218
7,262
814
37,066
19,536
1,322,113
5
140,557
132,907
1,846,305
5
5
6,759
34,233
4
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
3
269
351
1
447
0
292
0
25,991
712
28,129
4,457
472
0
18,265
12,268
53,431
5
312
0
0
88,895
733,537
175
146
0
11,007,879
0
15,898
480
5
90,240
0
15
0
725
108,385
0
0
80,177
0
4,669
0
0
60,848
3,458
28,179
0
31,342
66,981
167,499
2,748
0
1,999
11,544
0
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
204
201
250,
326
0
250
, 230,000
141,990,565
860,568
2,924
456,762
72,553
0
99,184
0
1,263
0
5
153,844
0
10
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
0
263,737
6
27,643
42
0
250
394,032
502,240
14,656,876
5
2,288
0
0
8,484,764
5,930 37,796,986
0
7
79,999
24,343,351
0
0
95
0
29,645
0
0
5,700
26,064
575,848
0
0
131,600
0
120,000
109,390
0
161,340
0
88,200
0
7,080
55,861
18,269,660
500
0
815,285
0
0
1,351
0
0
2,602,696
0
20
89
5
2,225
0
338,804
0
b
51,794
0
0
12,925
0
74
0
0
71,814
0
47,014
0
383,047
1,302,415
395,050
0
0
226
0
0
Total
Releases
Pounds
833
908
1,962
9,174
35,769
0
16,956
230,002
214,951,882
3,143,253
7,440,770
506,235
448,132
995,673
748,393
929,682
16,113,050
589
250,694
153,889
272
9,354,553
41,504,786
12,130
2,869
80,802
255,766,934
10
634,541
259,979
4,905
3,223,885
20
846,938
77,545
36,531
79,360,966
500
30,394
25,501,571
19,735
2,583,587
170,467
814
471,568
328,164
3,230,142
10
988,468
1,665,815
21,365,497
3,261
10
858,232
47,619
8
84
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRl Releases and Transfers
Table 1-45, Cent.
Chemical
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexaehloro-
1,3-butadiene
Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadicne
Hexachloroethane
Hexachlorophene
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydroquinone
Isobutyraldehyde
Isopropyl alcohol
(manufacturing)
4,4'-rsopropylidene-
diphenol
Lead
Lead compounds
Lindane
Maleic anhydride
Malononitrile
Maneb
Manganese
Manganese compounds
Mercury
Mercury compounds
Methacryloniuile
Methanol
Methoxychlor
2-MethoxyethanoI
Methyl aerylate
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Methyl tert-butyl ether
4,4'-Methylenebis
(2-chloroaniline)
Methylenebis
(phenylisocyanate)
Methylene bromide
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methylpyridine
Michler's ketone
Molybdenum trioxide
Monochloropentafluoro-
ethane(CFC-115)
Naphthalene
alpha-Naphthylamine
Nickel
Nickel compounds
Nitric acid
Nitrilotriacetic acid
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
Nitrobenzene
Nitroglycerin
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Transfers
to Heeyding
Pounds
0
1
0
0
0
0
46
0
57,794,473
0
212,513
0
1,696
39,579
297,938
55,772,470
293,561,113
0
750
0
0
87,273,512
52,720,517
21,223
3,685
0
16,126,765
0
4,300
25,098
0
17,184
0
369,955
0
0
21,395,064
0
0
17,951,007
0
22,185
0
0
3,042,074
0
436,139
0
73,647,516
30,682,973
3,238,193
0
0
3,603
39,276
0
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
0
0
0
1,250
61,000
0
0
0
8,667,665
250
0
3,900
626,772
313,270
54,939
12,540
72,421
0
140,954
0
0
900
45,052
0
0
0
76,522,836
0
1,628,616
358,071
0
924,149
5,848
1 19,545
1,300
6,295
46,300,997
0
250
18,854,225
0
1,337,112
2,102
145
0
0
1,201,671
0
3,052
1,034
3
0
0
24,351
0
0
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
4,300
64,568
60,084
27,672
18,745
31,080
3,661
0
43,869,984
770
2,519,974
29,043
53,037
30,670
100,729
705,129
5,369,225
2,462
852,732
245
1,698
480,396
3,937,739
3,813
49
0
32,260,230
5
201,086
98,412
0
548,449
1,069
622,830
250
174,060
6,147,170
5
250
1,626,682
0
734,077
858
0
326,967
561
559,827
0
1,132,948
1,542,095
10,494,546
2,080
0
459,182
92,023
0
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
77
250
6
1,303
0
44
4,960
2,300
19,241,520
7,033
349,379
150,987
45,433
1,570
19,360
28,528
61,189
5
4,813
0
0
52,786
401,335
10
5
0
92,593,278
0
1,131,051
3,260
0
95,945
5
1,427
1,114
1,889
410,746
0
0
488,749
0
285,518
19,000
0
62,262
5
15,615
0
94,294
122,576
3,423,791
0
5
289
263
• 92
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
0
940,478
430
0
352,309
0
4,600
0
12,238,039
802
761,422
3,396
69,306
1,550
672,051
1,647,537
20,542,170
42
22,012
0
13,553
12,965,563
22,667,250
12,590
26,121
0
2,255,577
0
58,369
6,318
0
117,753
1,300
433,873
6,200
24,874
417,545
0
2,450
68,442
0
710,303
417
0
389,598
8
496,506
0
3,280,758
4,744,220
3,537,114
0
0
2,290
6
5
Other
.Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60,055
0
0
0
0
0
0
200,000
250
0
0
0
0
2,293,469
5
0
0
0
6,841
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,000
0
0
4,022
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15,930
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers
Pounds
4,377
1,005,297
60,520
30,225
432,054
31,124
13,267
2,300
141,871,736
8,855
3,843,288
187,326
796,244
386,639
1,145,017
58,366,204
319,606,368
2,509
1,021,261
245
15,251
103,066,626
79,771,898
37,636
29.860
0
219,765,527
5
3,023,422
491,159
0
1,703,480
8,222
1,547,630
8,864
207,118
74,672,522
5
2,950
38,993,127
0
3,089,195
22,377
145
3,820,901
574
2,709,758
0
78,174,498
37,092,898
20,693,647
2,080
5
489,715
131,568
97
85
-------
Chapter 1 — 7994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-45. Releases and Transfers of AH TRI Chemicals, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered), Continued.
CAS
Number©
88-75-5
100-02-7
79-46-9
156-IO-S
121-69-7
86-30-6
123-63-7
56-38-2
76-01-7
87-86-5
79-21-0
108-95-2
106-50-3
90-43-7
75-44-5
7664-38-2
7723-14-0
85-44-9
88-89-1
—
1336-36-3
23950-58-5
1120-71-4
123-38-6
114-26-1
115-07-1
75-55-8
75-56-9
110-86-1
91-22-5
106-51-4
82-68-8
81-07-2
7782-49-2
—
7440-22-4
—
100-42-5
96-09-3
7664-93-9
630-20-6
79-34-5
127-18-4
961-11-5
7440-28-0
—
62-56-6
137-26-8
1314-20-1
7550-45-0
108-88-3
584-84-9
91-08-7
26471-62-5
95-53-4
Chemical
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2-Nitropropane
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Paraldchyde
Parathion
Pcnlachlorocthane
Pemachlorophenol
Peracetic acid
Phenol
p-Phcnylenediamine
2-PhenyIphenol
Phosgene
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus
(yellow or white)
Phihalic anhydride
Picric acid
Polybrominated
biphcnyls
Polychlorinatcd
biphcnyls (PCBs)
Pronamide
Propane sultone
Propionaldchydc
Propoxur
Ptopylene
Propyleneimine
Propylcne oxide
Pyridine
Quinoline
Quinone
Quinlozene
Saccharin
(manufacturing)
Selenium
Selenium compounds
Silver
Silver compounds
Slyrcne
Styrene oxide
Su If uric acid (acid
aerosols)
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachlorocthylene
Tctrachlorvinphos
Thallium
Thallium compounds
Thiourea
Thiram
Thorium dioxide
Titanium tetrachloride
Toluene
Toluene-2,4-diiso-
cyanate
Toluene-2,6-diiso-
cyanate
Toluenediisocyanate
(mixed isomers)
o-Toluidine
Forms
Number
4
5
7
2
21
1
3
2
3
35
20
719
10
18
29
2,710
52
179
9
2
13
1
I
22
3
343
7
118
35
21
4
12
2
12
40
66
60
1,489
5
3,895
7
16
459
5
1
1
27
54
1
37
3,566
76
47
181
23
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
0
920
22,842
24
5,441
0
7
1,142
928
4,511
26,364
2,506,650
2,845
7,784
2,826
282,950
27,686
98,814
2
0
0
5
0
340,111
0
12,361,218
216
357,416
67,605
7,665
9,900
1,771
60
88
3,519
7,047
2,732
13,761,915
I
1,444,190
10,171
10.227
4,671,751
10
5
0
1,155
1,341
0
16,051
57.656,473
9,705
3,019
15,288
9,770
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
18
81
14,381
0
16,651
0
10
5
195
17,112
4,024
5,919,567
2,098
35,223
6,050
751,694
4,148
331,805
2
0
0
250
0
148,346
4
8,090,630
265
678,422
42,298
19,757
2,101
787
20
367
59,865
3,643
15,372
25,587,630
60
22,514,638
1,575
2,257
5,530,378
258
250
36
2,017
1,728
0
6,298
110,561,812
25,736
5,484
35,157
2,365
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
67
0
3,300
0
584
0
0
0
0
1,458
15
121,450
1,260
15
0
20,900,384
9,391
362
2
0
0
0
0
21
0
4,584
0
12,695
1,409
35
1,600
0
0
113
2,470
421
6,580
75,579
0
212,138
0
1,517
3,872
5
0
0
3,539
20
0
0
82,751
0
0
0
534
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,224,053
0
0
5
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
270
172,458
2,624
2
0
45,616 56,785,731
0
0
43,958
0
0
0
0
66,352
0
0
0
22,195
358,200
63,000
0
0
0
0
3,410
250
140
250,861
0
1,521,851
0
26
4,051
0
0
0
5,000
0
0
0
496,440
0
0
0
30,300
9,543
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,151
0
571
0
0
0
7
120,086
270
26,743
480,863
0
515,147
0
0
4,349
0
755
, 0
250
95
0
0
161,205
0
0
250
6
Total
Releases
Pounds
85
1,001
40,523
24
22,676
0
17
1,147
1,123
23,331
30,673
11,944,178
8,827
43,024
8,881
78,766,375
50,768
430,981
43,966
0
0
255
0
554,830
4
20,456,432
481
1,076,879
469,512
91,028
13,601
2,558
80
575
189,350
11,631
51,567
40,156,848
61
26,207,964
11,746
14,027
10,214,401
273
1,010
36
11,961
' 3,184
0
22,349
168,958,681
35,441
8,503
50,695
42,975
86
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TFH Releases and Transfers
Table 1-45, Cont.
Chemical
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2-Nitropropane
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N.N-Dimethylaniline
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Paraldehyde
Parathion
Pentachloroethane
Pentachlorophenol
Peracelic acid
Phenol
p-Phenylenediamine
2-Phenylphenol
Phosgene
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus
(yellow or white)
Phthalic anhydride
Picric acid
Polybrominated
biphenyls
Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
Pronamide
Propane sulione
Propionaldehyde
Propoxur
Propylene
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
Pyridine
Quinoline
Quinone
Quintozene
Saccharin
(manufacturing)
Selenium
Selenium compounds
Silver
Silver compounds
Styrene
Styrene oxkle
Sulfuric acid (acid
aerosols)
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachlorvinphos
Thallium
Thallium compounds '
Thiourea
Thiram
Thorium dioxide
Titanium tetrachloride
Toluene
Toluene-2,4-diiso-
cyanate
Toluene-2,6-diiso-
cyanace
Toluenediisocyanate
(mixed isomers)
o-Toluidine
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
0
0
3,300
0
0
0
0
0
0
2SO
0
494,671
0
0
0
9,473,740
183,411
2,781
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
66
4,178
4,178
0
0
0
28,325
136,856
860,831
1,498,528
1,427,391
0
208,019,740
0
2,227,120
7,415,291
0
5,040
0
0
11,589
0
3,500
23,471,806
59,100
8,922
9,936
0
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
0
0
1,779
16,000
640,609
0
49
0
0
24,982
0
3,381,500
0
0
0
45,269
0
4,342,281
13
0
0
0
0
12,994
0
2,159,280
0
5,164
129,674
7,500
0
0
0
0
255
0
0
5,365,111
0
69,952
0
0
855,782
0
0
0
0
1,040
0
0
80,113,663
26,282
6,232
24,920
1 10,648
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
20,189
583,000
29
0
73,839
200,000
0
1,035
2,650
44,970
0
2,912,978
23,968
121
158
2,183,118
55,407
243,593
836
0
934,464
1,000
0
1
1,805
280,113
0
6,148
176,387
38,602
26,186
543,692
0
1,200
31,492
36,766
5,876
4,042,166
0
14,009,954
117,255
40,807
2,066,219
16,904
250
0
1,821
7,519
0
317,482
21,780,558
30,181
1,489
246,418
49,767
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
180
186
0
0
145,372
0
0
0
0
1,798
2,138
2,811,469
3,600
3,537
0
3,869,033
258
9,483
0
0
0
0
0
1,760
140
5
0
374,821
350,839
260
0
1,012
10
15
307
591
2,808
1 17,879
0
6,514,351
0
0
62,053
7
5
0
1,860
855
0
0
940,281
0
0
0
131,476
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
15,027
0
24,343
0
1,604,425
0
1,507
0
2,603,266
14,017
105,929
0
250
94,962
0
0
26,948
31
269
0
48,801
1,201
5,054
0
161
1,400
20
25,216
3,940
10,462
4,408,316
0
8,242,512
15
52
73,514
2,948
0
0
2,572
57,757
0
150
936,839
3,523
935
17,101
302
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
505
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16,232
47,515
0
74,368
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,020
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers
Pounds
20,369
583,189
5,108
16,000
859,820
200,000
49
16,062
2,650
96,343
2,138
11,205,543
27,568
5,165
158
18,174,931
253,093
4,704,067
849
250
1,029,426
1,000
0
41,703
1,976
2,439,667
0
435,004
662,279
55,594
26,186
544,865
1,410
29,560
194,126
902,128
1,533,906
15,408,378
0
236,930,877
1 17,270
2,267,979
10,473,109
19,859
5,295
0
6,253
78,760
0
321,132
127,247,167
1 19,086
17,578
298,375
292,193
87
-------
Chapter 1 —1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-45. Releases and Transfers of AH TRI Chemicals, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered), Continued.
CAS
Number®
52-68-6
120-82-1
71-55-6
79-00-5
79-01-6
75-69-4
88-06-2
1582-09-8
95-63-6
51-79-6
7440-62-2
108-05-4
593-60-2
75-01-4
75-35-4
1330-20-7
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
87-62-7
7440-66-6
—
—
—
Chemical
Trichlorfon
1 ,2,4-TrichIorobenzcne
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
(CFC-II)
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Trifluralin
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Urelhane
Vanadium (fume or dust)
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidene chloride
Xylcne (mixed isomers)
m-Xykne
o-Xylcne
p-Xylene
2,6-Xylidine
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zinc compounds
Mixtures and other
trade name products
Trade secrets
Total
Forms
Number
3
33
1,207
23
783
82
1
19
753
4
12
157
1
43
22
3,346
56
74
41
5
410
2,458
54
19
75,332
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
5
30,090
20,070,741
41,184
14,788,788
835,924
116
11,795
2,618,939
11,050
902
1,397,331
220
340,426
35,324
24,902,804
691,694
905,818
808,400
59
767,882
1,891,457
201,606
630
407,515,304 1
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
2
137,190
17,981,336
268,938
15,083,085
2,157.087
83
3,253
5,122,541
0
5,421
2,629,552
2,400
725,809
130,372
83,430,835
270,742
485,704
2,612,682
122
896,245
3,063,796
15,070
34,860
,148,492,781
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
9
970
1,980
914
1,671
1,452
65
6
9,163
0
3,000
1,386
0
377
215
43,961
893
1,148
9,690
66
28,373
1,438,199
5
0
66,083,288
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
15,200
102
0
288
11
0
0
187
0
0
648,667
0
1
0
313,711
250
250
250
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
830
2,732
0
4,417
0
0
250
14,957
0
31,700
1,775
0
6
0
244,726
2,708
2,959
587
0
5 8,462,944
196,498 75
0
0
348,968,226 289
,174,770
3,442
0
,151,126
Total
Releases
Pounds
16
184,280
38,056,891
311,036
29,878,249
2,994,474
264
15,304
7,765,787
11,050
41,023
4,678,711
2,620 •
1,066,619
165,911
108,936,037
966,287
1,395,879
3,431,609
247
10,155,449
81,764,720 •
220,123
35,490
2,260,210,725 '
88
-------
Chapter 1 — 1994 TRI Releases and Transfers
Table 1-45, Cont.
Chemical
Trichlorfon
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
1,1,2-TrichIoroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
(CFC-11)
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Trifluralin
1 ,2,4-Trimethy Ibenzene
Utethane
Vanadium (fume or dust)
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidene chloride
Xylene (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
2,6-Xylidine
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zinc compounds
Mixtures and other
trade name products
Trade secrets
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
0
10,715
6,983,705
11,159,898
8,304,071
146,379
0
0
1,125,561
0
7,336
253,854
0
68,273
140
39,649,939
30,573
49,741
1,991
0
82,615,377
247,420,257
16,656
597,825
2,456,120,948
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
0
42,171
1,845,839
135,425
1,183,610
197,690
0
0
2,317,836
0
0
7,855,391
0
14,301
250
75,959,775
45,869
2,555,757
19,608
0
137,918
410,019
29,231
750
464,206,483
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
174
29,441,588
2,323,066
4,706,576
2,369,771
250,798
0
13,547
246,044
0
33,476
1,165,477
0
158,536
223,917
8,576,503
8,847
265,893
3,669
459
689,480
10,296,543
259,163
0
318,810,333
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
0
101,302
6,439
3,100
50,325
43
0
250
110,864
6,939
0
218,412
0
326
287
645,816
3,331
61,941
1,457
263
38,613
472,619
2,006
0
254,688,836
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
19
52,908
162,877
171
86,465
24,676
0
20,816
54,271
4,274
7,938
111,072
0
20,740
2,031
1,182,194
150,720
7,030
3,295
0
2,984,324
92,862,229
11,748
0
297,600,462
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
72,131
0
363,668
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21,007
0
0
0
0
250
72,810
1,450
0
3,602,426
Total
Transfers
Pounds
193
29,648,684
11,394,057
16,005,170
12,357,910
619,586
0
34,613
3,854,576
11,213
48,750
9,604,206
0
262,176
226,625
126,035,234
239,340
2,940,362
30,020
722
86,465,962
351,534,477
320,254
598,575
3,795,029,488
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
The quantity of benzidine reported as released to air is a reporting error from one facility. The facility intends to revise this
estimate to zero.
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
89
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Chapter 2
Prevention and Management
of TRI Chemicals in Waste
F
F
Hj
z
PMENTUN
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF
TRI CHEMICALS IN WASTE
INTRODUCTION
The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (PPA)
requires facilities to report information about the
quantities of TRI chemicals managed in waste,
both on-site and off-site. The PPA also requires
facilities to provide information about the
efforts they have made to reduce or eliminate
those quantities. Facilities began reporting this
information for the 1991 reporting year. This
chapter summarizes the PPA data provided by
facilities in their 1994 TRI reports.
The PPA established as national policy that
source reduction is the preferred approach to
managing waste. Source reduction means
preventing waste from being generated. The
PPA also established as national policy a
hierarchy of waste management options for
situations where source reduction cannot be
implemented feasibly. This hierarchy for
making source reduction and waste management
decisions is illustrated in Figure 2-1.
Although source reduction is the preferred
method of reducing risk, environmentally sound
recycling shares many of its advantages. Like
source reduction, recycling reduces the need for
treatment or disposal of waste and helps
conserve energy and natural resources. Where
source reduction and recycling are not feasible,
waste can be treated. Release (including
disposal) of a chemical is viewed as a last resort,
to be employed only if the preferred methods of
waste management cannot be implemented. The
PPA did not specifically address the combustion
of waste for energy recovery as a waste
management option. However, because energy
recovery shares aspects of recycling and
treatment, EPA chose to list this activity
separately in the waste management hierarchy.
Throughout this chapter, data tables present
information in the order of the waste manage-
ment hierarchy: recycling, energy recovery,
treatment, and release/disposal.
The information required by the PPA can help
facilities and the public assess progress in
pollution prevention and in the management of
TRI chemicals in waste. The data reported for
1991 provide a baseline for such assessments.
The data can be used to analyze trends in total
quantities of TRI chemicals in waste to see if
facilities are reducing the amount of waste
-w.
-* .VWA^JMANAeElSlBIT HJEiWTfcCHY, ' - ,
•Sf.-i.f.v«....".... vwf ^ ^ ' ^ j fc*« 1ft't%«r" ^^" ^- **t p*-"»&-. %-pi
SOURCE^**)' VV?f rf
DISPOSAL
Figure 2-1. Waste Management Hierarchy.
93
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
generated. The data also can be used to examine
trends in the quantities of TRI chemicals under-
going each waste management method, to see
whether facilities are moving up the waste
management hierarchy. The PPA data can help
the public assess which industries and facilities
are implementing source reduction, which types
of source reduction activities they are imple-
menting, and how they identified opportunities
for source reduction. Information about how
source reduction opportunities were identified
can aid in determining the more successful
routes of delivery for source reduction informa-
tion and technology transfer. The PPA data do
not allow for an accurate quantification of
source reduction.
WHAT WASTE MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION IS COLLECTED?
The waste management information required by
the PPA is collected in Section 8 of the TRI
reporting form (see EPA's Form R in Appendix
F). It includes the following: quantity released
to the environment at the facility and sent off-
site for disposal; quantities used for energy
recovery at the facility or sent off-site for energy
recovery; quantities recycled at the facility or
sent off-site for recycling; and quantities treated
at the facility or sent off-site for treatment.
These quantities are illustrated in Figure 2-2,
and a description of what these quantities should
represent is provided in Box 2-1.
Facilities report these quantities for the
reporting year (1994), for the year prior to the
reporting year (1993), and for the two years
following the reporting year (1995 and 1996).
The quantities reported for 1993 and 1994 are
estimates of quantities already managed. The
quantities reported for 1995 and 1996 are
projections only. The PPA requires these projec-
tions to encourage facilities to consider future
waste generation and source reduction of those
quantities as well as movement up the waste
management hierarchy. Future-year estimates
are not commitments that facilities reporting
under TRI are required to meet.
The individual quantities are mutually exclusive
to avoid double-counting of TRI chemicals in
waste. The sum of these quantities in a given
year equals the total quantity of TRI chemicals
in waste resulting from routine production
operations at a facility during that year.
For the reporting year only, facilities also must
report the quantity of waste released (including
disposed of) as a result of activities other than
routine production operations. This quantity is
referred to in the data tables as "non-production
related waste." It includes the amount of waste
released to the environment at the facility or
transferred off-site due to catastrophic events or
to remedial (clean-up) actions occurring at the
facility. Non-production related waste is
considered less amenable to source reduction
because such quantities cannot reasonably be
anticipated by facilities.
QUANTITIES OF TRI CHEMICALS
IN WASTE
National Overview
For 1994, facilities reported managing 26.5
billion pounds of TRI chemicals in production-
related waste (see Table 2-1). These same
facilities project that their production-related
waste will increase to nearly 27.3 billion pounds
by 1996, a projected increase of 2.8%.
Data for all years in Table 2-1 are taken from
the 1994 Form Rs. A number of chemicals were
added to the TRI list and were reportable to TRI
for the first time in 1994. Because facilities may
not have been aware in 1993 that these chemi-
94
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste |
PREVENHIN
On-site Releases
and Waste Management
Treatment
Off-site
Waste Management
Energy
Recovery
Figure 2-2. Waste Management Information Collected under TRI.
95
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KVETOIN
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
What Does This Waste Management Information Represent?
Quantity released (Section 8.1 of Form R). This is the total quantity of the toxic chemical that was released
to the environment or disposed of at the facility (directly discharged to air, land, and water, and injected
underground), or sent off-site for disposal. This quantity is the sum of the amounts reported in Sections 5 and 6
of Form R (transfers for disposal only) less any amount(s) associated with non-routine events.
Quantity used for energy recovery on-site (Section 8.2 of Form R). This is the quantity of the toxic
chemical that was combusted in some form of energy recovery device, such as a furnace, including kilns, or a
boiler. The toxic chemical should have a heating value high enough to sustain combustion. To avoid double-
counting, the amount reported represents the amount destroyed in the combustion process, not the amount that
entered the energy recovery unit. For example, 100,000 pounds of toluene entered a boiler that, on average,
combusted 98% of the toluene. Any remaining toluene was discharged to air. A total of 98,000 pounds is
reported as combusted for energy recovery (the remaining 2,000 pounds is reported as released).
Quantity used for energy recovery off-site (Section 8.3 of Form R). This is the quantity of the toxic
chemical that left the facility boundary for energy recovery, not the amount combusted at the off-site location.
The toxic chemical must have a significant heating value, and the off-site location must have some form of
energy recovery unit in place. This quantity includes the amount(s) reported in Section 6 of Form R as
transferred off-site for energy recovery, less any amount(s) associated with non-routine events.
Quantity recycled on-site (Section 8.4 of Form R). This is the quantity of the toxic chemical recovered at
the facility and made available for further use. It is not the quantity that entered an on-site recycling or recovery
operation.
Quantity recycled off-site (Section 8.5 of Form R). This is the quantity of the toxic chemical that left the
facility boundary for recycling, not the amount recovered at the off-site location. This quantity includes the
amount(s) reported in Section 6 of Form R as transferred off-site for recycling, less any amount(s) associated
with non-routine events.
Quantity treated on-site (Section 8.6 of Form R). This is the quantity of the toxic chemical destroyed in
on-site waste treatment operations, not the amount that entered any treatment operation. For example, if
100,000 pounds of benzene were combusted in an incinerator that destroyed 99% of the benzene, the facility
would report 99,000 pounds as treated on-site (the remaining 1,000 pounds would be reported as released).
Quantity treated off-site (Section 8.7 of Form R). This is the quantity of the toxic chemical that left the
facility boundary and was sent to POTWs or other off-site locations for treatment, not the amount that was
destroyed at the off-site location(s). This quantity includes the amount(s) reported in Section 6 of Form R as
transferred to POTWs or other off-site locations for treatment, less any amount(s) associated with non-routine
events.
Quantity released to the environment due to one-time events (Section 8.8 of Form R). This amount is
referred to as non-production related waste and is the quantity released to the environment or sent off-site for
recycling, energy recovery, treatment, or disposal due to one-time events not associated with routine production
practices. Such events include catastrophic events, such as accidental releases, as well as remedial actions (clean
up). This quantity is separated from the quantities recycled, used for energy recovery, treated, and released, to
allow for distinctions to be made between those quantities that are routinely associated with production opera-
tions and are more amenable to source reduction and those quantities that are not routinely associated with
production processes and are not as amenable to source reduction because they are not readily anticipated. This
separation of quantities is important in assessing progress in source reduction at facilities.
Box 2-1. What Does This Waste Management Information Represent?
96
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste |
ffillN
Table 2-1. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1993-1996 (as Reported on the 1994
Form R).0
Management Activity
Recycled On-site
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released/Disposed of
Total Production-related Waste
Projected
1993
Pounds
8,248,075,870
2,392,157,669
2,940,393,366
457,860,139
8,762,004,485
561,590,216
2,784,880,731
26,146,962,476
1994
Pounds
8,406,829,703
2,516,993,374
3,422,556,168
469,207,613
8,659,057,321
557,327,180
2,514,582,556
26,546,553,915
1995
Pounds
8,650,500,082
2,512,531,447
3,530,851,002
441,592,060
9,046,871,111
551,813,485
2,386,330,799
27,120,489,986
1996
Pounds
8,729,571,607
2,519,762,846
3,478,213,030
432,154,508
9,085,340,115
513,418,308
2,537,442,141
27,295,902,555
cals would be reportable in 1994, facilities may
not have tracked their management of these
chemicals in waste in 1993.
Figure 2-3 shows the distribution of the total
production-related waste as reported by waste
management activity. Approximately 41.1%, or
10.9 billion pounds, of production-related waste
was recycled on- or off-site in 1994, About
14.7% of waste was burned for energy recovery,
and 34.7% was treated. Just 9.5% of production-
related waste was released (which includes
disposal) to the environment by facilities in
1994.
The reported distribution of waste by waste
management activity differed significantly in
prior years of TRI reporting. For example, last
year's TRI public data release reported that
49.3% of production-related waste was recycled.
This apparent change in distribution is due
largely to a change in the list of chemicals
subject to TRI reporting and does not represent
a real change in distribution. It largely results
from the fact that facilities no longer have to
report their management of non-aerosol forms
of sulfuric acid in waste. On their 1993 TRI
reports, facilities reported recycling 7.1 billion
pounds of sulfuric acid, which represented
43.0% of all recycling that year. Because
facilities were no longer required to report non-
aerosol forms of sulfuric acid effective with the
1994 reporting year, much of this sulfuric acid
Treated
Off-site
2.1%
Released or
Disposed of
9.5%
Treated
On-site
32.6%
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
1,8%
Recycled
On-site
31.7%
Energy
Recovery
On-site
12.9%
Recycled
Off-site
9.5%
Figure 2-3. Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste,
by Activity, 1994.
Data for all years taken from 1994 Form R. Includes data for chemicals added in 1994 and for sulfuric acid (acid aerosols),
ammonia, and ammonium sulfate (solution). Because these chemicals are excluded from Tables 2-2 and 2-3, amounts in this
table do not match amounts in those tables.
97
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
MEfflHMX
Table 2-2. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1994.0
Management Activity
Recycled On-site
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released/Disposed of
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production related Waste
Management Activity
Recycled On-site
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released/Disposed of
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production related Waste
1991
Pounds
6,181,234,575
1,807,283,961
2,961,508,892
443,911,248
6,088,621,955
501,093,181
2,809,548,220
20,793,202,032
22,975,506
1991-1992
Change
Percent
-7.1
19.2
-3.2
-1.1
6.8
-4.3
-6.4
0.1
31.5
1992
Pounds
5,742,131,177
2,154,305,577
2,865,712,103
439,198,602
6,502,928,670
479,299,106
2,628,810,837
20,812,386,072
30,218,975
1992-1993
Change
Percent
13.5
-1.3
-5.9
5.3
-2.5
-7.4
-7.8
0.9
s
39.6
1993
Pounds
6,515,629,910
2,127,363,889
2,695,986,697
462,295,792
6,339,532,960
443,669,385
2,423,686,051
21,008,164,684
42,181,312
1993-1994
Change
Percent
5.9
6.2
24.7
1.0
2.4
1.0
-8.3
5.4
63.7
1994
Pounds
6,900,335,015
2,258,734,855
3,362,108,485
467,147,187
6,489,547,578
447,983,815
2,223,523,711
22,149,380,646
69,058,603
1991-1994
Change
Percent
11.6
25.0
13.5
5.2
6.6
-10.6
-20.9
6.5
200.6
recycling was not reported for 1994, causing the
total reported quantity of recycling to decline
significantly.
This change in the reported distribution of waste
by waste management activity is not evident in
any of the data tables presented in this chapter.
It is evident only if the data tables in this chapter
are compared to data tables included in publica-
tions from prior years. This is because all of the
data tables presented in this chapter (except
Table 2-1, which is based on the 1994 chemical
list) are based on "normalized" lists of chemi-
cals which were reportable in the same manner
in all years being compared. The purpose of this
normalization process is to ensure that changes
or trends which appear in these data tables
cannot be attributed merely to changes in the list
of chemicals for which reporting was required.
Table 2-2 illustrates the change in the quantities
of TRI chemicals undergoing each waste
management activity from 1991 to 1994. The
amounts for each year are taken from the
"current year" column from each year's reports.
In other words, the 1991 data were taken from
the 1991 reports, the 1992 data from the 1992
reports, and so on. These tables exclude all data
Data from Form R of year indicated. Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium
sulfatc (solution), and sulfuric acid.
98
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-3. Actual and Projected Quantities of TR! Chemicals in Waste, 1991,1993-1996.0
FMVMMN
Management
Activity
Recycled On-site
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery
On-site
Energy Recovery
Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released/
Disposed of
Total Production-
related Waste
1991
Pounds Percent
6,181,234,575 29.7
1,807,283,961 8.7
2,961,508,892 14.2
443,911,248 2.1
6,088,621,955 29.3
501,093,181 2.4
2,809,548,220 13.5
20,793,202,032 100.0
1993
Pounds Percent
6,515,629,910 30.7
2,127,363,889 9.9
2,695,986,697 13.6
462,295,792 2.2
6,339,532,960 30.5
443,669,385 2.1
2,423,686,051 11.1
21,008,164,684 100.0
1994
Pounds Percent
6,900,335,015 31.2
2,258,734,855 10.2
3,362,108,485 15.2
467,147,187 2.1
6,489,547,578 29.3
447,983,815 2.0
2,223,523,71 1 10.0
22,149,380,646 100.0
Projected
1995 1996
Pounds Percent Pounds Percent
7,096,325,919 31.4
2,252,882,204 10.0
3,468,027,754 15.3
439,975,914 1.9
6,805,650,805 30.1
446,484,807 2.0
2,103,046,036 9.3
22,612,393,439 100.0
7,135,275,502 31.4
2,284,711,821 10.0
3,415,762,244 15.0
430,772,542 1.9
6,824,889,955 30.0
417,433,837 1.8
2,240,862,178 9.9
22,749,708,079 100.0
for sulfurie acid, ammonia, ammonium sulfate
(solution), delisted chemicals, and chemicals
which were added for the 1994 reporting year.
The first three years of PPA reporting show
little change in the total quantity of TRI
chemicals in production-related waste. Between
1991 and 1992, the total quantity of TRI
chemicals in waste increased by less than 0.1%.
Between 1992 and 1993, the increase was 0.9%.
But between 1993 and 1994, the total quantity
of TRI chemicals in waste increased by 5.4%.
This increase was due to increases in the
quantities of TRI chemicals burned for energy
recovery or recycled. The quantity of TRI
chemicals burned for energy recovery increased
by 671 million pounds, or 21.2%, between 1993
and 1994. The quantity recycled increased by
516 million pounds, or 6.0%.
Table 2-2 also illustrates a significant increase
in the total quantity of TRI chemicals in non-
production related waste. Because these
quantities represent waste generated due to a
variety of non-routine events (e.g., catastrophic
releases due to natural disasters, accidental
releases, remedial actions), it is not possible to
determine why non-production related waste has
increased. The non-routine nature of such waste
makes it less amenable to source reduction than
production-related waste.
Table 2-3 shows the actual and projected
quantities of TRI chemicals in waste for the
baseline year of 1991 and for 1993 through
1996. Quantities for 1991 were taken from the
1991 reports, and quantities for 1993 were taken
from the 1993 reports. Quantities for 1994
through 1996 were taken from the 1994 reports.
Quantities for 1995 and 1996 represent facility
projections of the amounts of TRI chemicals in
waste they expect to manage during those years.
This table, like Table 2-2, excludes data for
sulfurie acid, ammonia, ammonium sulfate
(solution), delisted chemicals, and chemicals
that were added for the 1994 reporting year.
This is why the quantities listed for 1993
through 1996 are lower than the quantities listed
0 Data for 1991 from 1991 Form R, for 1993 from 1993 Form R, all other years from 1994 Form R. Does not include delisted
chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfurie acid.
99
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
TOMIIN
Millions of Pounds
10,000
9,000-
8,000 -
• 1991
H1992
B1993
D1994
• 1995 Projected
a 1996 Projected
Recycling
Energy Recovery
Treatment
Release/Disposal
Percentages above columns = change from
1991 quantities to (projected) 1996 quantities.
Figure 2-4. Quantities of TRI Chemicals Managed in Waste, Actual and Projected, 1991-1996.0
for those years in Table 2-1 (Table 2-1 includes
data for sulfuric acid and some other chemicals
excluded from Tables 2-2 and 2-3).
As discussed above, the total quantity of TRI
chemicals in production-related waste increased
significantly between 1991 and 1994, primarily
between 1993 and 1994. Facilities are projecting
that the quantity of TRI chemicals in waste will
continue to rise, to more than 22.7 billion
pounds in 1996. Again, the 1996 projection in
Table 2-3 is lower than the 1996 projection in
Table 2-1 because Table 2-3 is based on a
smaller chemical set. Figure 2-4 provides a
graphical depiction of Table 2-3 and includes
1992 data in order to provide a more complete
picture of changes in waste management
practices since 1991.
Q Data for 1991 as reported on 1991 forms; data for 1992 as reported on 1992 forms; data for 1993 as reported on 1993 forms; all
Other years from 1994 forms. Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate
(solution), and sulfuric acid.
100
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste i
Facility projections for 1995 and 1996 show that
facilities do not expect much change in how
they handle their waste in the next two years.
Recycling will continue to account for about
41,4% of waste management, the same per-
centage reported for 1994 for the normalized
chemical set in Table 2-3. Energy recovery is
projected to decline slightly as a percentage of
waste management, from 17.3% in 1994 to
16.9% in 1996. Treatment is projected to
increase slightly as a percentage of waste
management, from 31.3% in 1994 to 31.8% in
1996. The quantity of TRI chemicals released or
disposed of is projected to remain about the
same as a percentage of waste management. The
data indicate that facilities did not anticipate
much progress in moving up the waste manage-
ment hierarchy in the next two years.
The reasons for the continued increase in the
quantities of TRI chemicals in waste and for the
lack of major progress in moving up the waste
management hierarchy are not clear. The data
suggest that current source reduction efforts
may not be succeeding in reducing the quanti-
ties of TRI chemicals in waste. However, an
improving economy and resulting increases in
production may account for some or all of the
increases of TRI chemicals in waste. To help
relate changes in waste generation to changes in
production, facilities must report a production
activity index, which indicates how much
production has changed at that facility since the
preceding year. This production activity index is
discussed later in this chapter. While this pro-
duction activity index can provide some insight
into reasons for changes in waste generation, it
alone is not sufficient to determine the reasons
for the trends seen in the PPA data.
STATE, INDUSTRY, AND
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC DATA
Table 2-4 provides the waste management data
for each state. The table includes quantities of
PRMWIIN
TRI chemicals in production-related waste for
each waste management activity for 1993
through 1996 and the quantity of non-produc-
tion related waste for 1994. All data are taken
from the 1994 reporting forms.
In considering the comparisons presented here,
it is important to note that facilities may vary in
how they interpret some of the reporting
requirements under the PPA. EPA has not yet
specifically defined in rulemaking the reporting
requirements for these data elements, so some
facilities may include in their reports amounts
that other facilities do not believe they must
include. Because of this, higher quantities of
TRI chemicals in waste for a particular state or
industry may reflect not only differences in
actual quantities, but also different interpreta-
tions of the reporting requirements.
Facilities in Texas reported the largest quantity
of TRI chemicals in production-related waste in
1994, with 4.11 billion pounds. Louisiana
followed with 1.95 billion pounds. These states
ranked first and third, respectively, for largest
total releases of TRI chemicals in 1994 (see
Chapter 1). Pennsylvania ranked third for
quantity of TRI chemicals in production-related
waste, with 1.30 billion pounds in 1994, but
ranked 14th for total releases of TRI chemicals.
Ohio ranked fourth for TRI chemicals in
production-related waste, with 1.06 billion
pounds, and ranked fifth for total releases of
TRI chemicals. North Carolina ranked fifth for
TRI chemicals in production-related waste, with
1.04 billion pounds, but ninth for total releases.
Tennessee and Mississippi each ranked in the
top five states for total TRI releases but were not
in the top five for quantity of TRI chemicals in
production-related waste. The reason for their
relatively high ranking for total releases
compared to their ranking for chemicals in
waste is that they each released relatively high
percentages of the TRI chemicals they manage
101
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fflSMHN
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-4. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by State, 1993-1996 (Alphabetically
Ordered).
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Year©
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
176,395,423
131,815,562
136,758,413
148,884,175
7,880
9,970
10,350
9,970
0
0
0
0
462,679,969
497,618,688
517,978,558
521,986,955
78,408,817
230,944,014
253,405,952
334,146,376
74,678,211
336,847,206
331,858,188
341,690,580
16,941,451
21,115,971
15,506,858
12,017,608
134,233,474
154,147,382
75,118,955
74,596,454
25,708,211
26,857,015
27,351,206
27,558,786
0
0
0
0
124,191,843
122,400,873
132,012,923
134,260,016
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
33,932,198
37,027,514
38,932,096
39,857,221
388,600
352,980
58,800
0
0
0
0
0
31,487,951
36,872,406
39,038,805
33,006,760
90,742,211
121,515,254
125,492,916
132,758,509
67,115,052
70,456,348
70,269,154
71,325,753
10,412,670
11,547,061
10,886,133
11,812,795
24,806,771
26,192,151
25,394,816
24,468,446
15,038,241
13,280,563
14,814,124
16,261,676
1,729
2,010
14,505
14,572
19,554,114
18,274,930
16,265,143
20,652,250
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
59,603,062
62,726,106
68,036,878
72,364,971
1,522,000
1,522,000
1,380,640
1,372,000
0
0
0
0
193,122
208,196
211,000
168,450
20,478,459
22,708,888
18,343,511
18,546,203
285,273,385
271,142,434
254,472,361
275,399,473
4,480,000
6,530,000
6,530,000
6,530,000
5,848,944
6,429,390
5,597,671
4,939,748
182,484
225,039
269,661
220,092
0
0
0
0
33,074,550
22,152,004
28,559,834
30,526,742
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
10,531,834
13,729,275
13,809,273
13,720,373
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
0
0
0
0
575,266
644,830
666,251
715,903
5,555,165
5,620,005
5,241,014
4,821,740
8,045,997
7,592,288
7,249,903
7,048,105
2,227,784
3,546,601
3,648,592
3,065,416
2,026,291
2,068,832
2,106,479
2,087,058
400,961
2,284,616
1,790,500
422,921
0
0
0
0
2,682,843
2,090.078
1,812,816
1,839,565
102
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
mm
Table 2-4.
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Year©
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Treated
On-site
Pounds
676,886,466
621,153,237
704,595,479
660,644,998
629,860
1,645,020
1,704,139
1,764,120
0
0
0
0
28,907,390
15,730,533
26,648,736
29,839,212
132,031,176
142,849,679
137,391,476
137,891,319
182,248,768
226,518,537
222,529,563
229,156,963
15,603,331
16,219,466
15,259,028
15,750,510
49,692,076
32,973,426
31,122,992
31,764,430
85,777,397
102,679,372
107,732,312
112,403,178
1,562,410
2,288,764
2,228,708
2,183,776
216,069,451
202,419,909
224,862,818
222,300,625
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
3,985,797
10,829,640
13,416,682
13,077,457
1,630
148,488
1,141
74
0
0
0
0
2,817,634
2,882,131
2,908,376
2,917,447
1,896,441
1,949,340
1,487,263
1,429,178
24,481,312
21,395,182
17,237,818
14,065,375
3,993,225
2,183,845
1,714,277
1,278,513
6,321,563
6,629,250
5,534,877
4,560,749
21,266,252
4,028,243
4,019,341
3,483,425
146,245
143,673
142,106
139,915
12,593,455
7,573,863
14,401,975
4,288,408
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
110,361,571
105,918,588
99,576,217
88,170,173
7,310,454
6,667,722
6,056,106
4,243,077
18,500
12,250
7,500
6,500
13,979,755
31,720,306
30,727,423
30,001,307
35,591,881
42,407,418
36,414,616
35,585,597
54,123,277
52,938,676
44,760,473
37,208,718
4,670,504
4,748,722
4,182,676
4,003,905
14,146,478
14,099,917
12,940,345
11,670,258
4,642,016
4,426,351
3,809,943
3,034,558
13,137
22,296
18,216
16,501
69,871,313
73,558,770
73,085,740
73,685,392
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
1,071,696,351
983,199,922
1,075,125,038
1,036,719,368
10,960,424
11,446,180
10,311,176
8,289,241
18,500
12,250
7,500
6,500
540,641,087
585,677,090
618,179,149
618,636,034
364,704,150
567,994,598
577,776,748
665,178,922
695,966,002
986,890,671
948,377,460
975,894,967
58,328,965
65,891,666
57,727,564
54,458,747
237,075,597
242,540,348
157,816,135
154,087,143
153,015,562
153,781,199
159,787,087
163,384,636
1,723,521
2,456,743
2,403,535
2,354,764
478,037,569
448,470,427
491,001,249
487,552,998
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
155,370
219,827
0
5,882
91,820
1,012,393
30,199
42,960
69,688
0
21,039,092
103
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-4. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by State, 1993-1996 (Alphabetically
Ordered), Continued.
State
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Year©
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
330,975,152
330,304,447
331,451,678
298,794,318
15,261
9,321
9,010
8,996
65,519
784,322
949,960
1,181,339
175,673,515
179,143,628
190,200,515
185,011,563
246,224,915
284,674,596
284,628,743
263,687,815
30,761,124
158,754,402
188,581,493
257,060,680
556,864,887
299,621,036
190,408,508
88.199,217
171,210,158
242,816,105
276,850,504
283,116,164
851,929,886
630,194,807
664,782,648
637,311,214
7,172,979
7,039,168
8,647,757
8,637,677
41,160,211
27,474,862
31,318,704
33,613,727
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
52,649,133
50,369,606
45,985,654
46,366,523
45.726
45,128
45,900
45,300
512,008
701,508
546,000
349,377
135,038,513
142,075,615
140,636,986
139,642,086
187,536,774
211,278,798
192,525,671
192,727,366
24,193,783
45,798,598
49,299,207
49,026,029
40,252,457
46,799,730
46,173,796
46,356,422
47,492,790
53,585,087
60,286,211
63,488,754
78,264,129
56,857,678
56,263,360
56,139,335
2,385,209
2,469,802
2,259,928
2,212,574
51,397,147
35,903,118
43,659,507
45,278,273
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
50,177,119
61.492,719
64,712,160
66,127,080
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
335,000
230,000
278,000
287,000
22,797,847
20,358,151
19,220,435
19,411,002
55,625,744
37.089,102
40,404,920
41,507,814
1,901,925
2,226,660
2,084,629
1,645,248
190,880,066
158,619,298
139,115,465
146,454,613
58,177,244
62,373,514
58,872,602
59,140,698
240,378,409
227,637,396
247,415,580
246,254,859
10,641,112
12,848,611
13,116,158
13,962,510
9,261,452
11,308,596
11,253,476
11,037,348
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
6,255,670
8,278,391
7,940,851
7,639,702
0
6,220
6,580
7,090
57,000
56,529
56,510
57,782
32,590,300
31,079,182
28,908,394
27,896,299
13,408,042
13,260,748
13,524.264
12,126,000
4,362,158
5,125,639
4,997,463
5,029,747
2,112,175
2,509,963
1,819,824
2,252,873
7,792,332
6,963,072
5,977,800
6,012,758
6,835,099
6,738,217
7,437,968
7,263,746
580,895
497,753
465,351
426,290
2,197,792
1,077,647
1,047,837
963,375
104
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
mm
Table 2-4, Cont.
State
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Year©
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Treated
On-site
Pounds
300,593,764
333,804,405
380,461,351
329,398,764
387,877
658,798
982,750
981,650
19,705,602
18,661,918
20,731,482
21,073,307
202,774,067
203,537,368
198,336,209
200,915,191
157,894,725
160,500,583
146,908,515
156,948,552
75,401,516
75,789,264
90,442,940
135,695,189
50,647,161
58,161,720
59,052,339
63,702,806
257,081,994
171,323,603
153,863,932
155,882,821
913,171,422
856,649,040
886,865,804
904,844,475
72,158,220
86,959,486
89,658,771
91,380,846
286,728,368
267,062,975
291,195,856
314,722,795
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
5,891,898
5,775,804
5,753,031
5,773,451
5,534
6,603
6,432
6,432
2,023,992
1,386,519
1,299,422
1,313,711
61,944,143
44,902,857
50,173,004
38,556,252
16,683,762
33,740,265
46,451,509
46,321,951
10,851,710
11,600,150
12,276,783
13,410,762
5,347,808
5,538,556
4,893,597
4,821,733
10,715,603
9,166,779
10,077,677
10,575,230
5,598,618
6,293,111
5,988,875
4,718,264
551,603
988,340
522,643
473,049
7,122,185
4,996,678
12,581,257
4,437,899
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
52,065,925
60,164,332
58,298,008
57,730,665
723,999
746,281
727,502
729,594
6,416,967
5,755,055
5,946,492
6,056,356
1 14,550,595
120,280,694
109,915,287
302,207,136
101,268,095
92,993,661
85,820,439
83,036,736
30,579,925
33,186,365
28,519,583
27,530,198
36,331,012
27,710,115
29,186,799
28,298,292
35,696,252
40,553,680
37,116,194
35,711,572
366,056,036
166,677,191
176,557,775
166,932,756
10,889,490
10,860,894
10,640,017
10,456,728
12,972,629
13,916,024
16,950,409
13,652,144
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
798,608,661
850,189,704
894,602,733
811,830,503
2,978,397
3,072,351
3,478,174
3,579,062
29,116,088
27,575,851
29,807,866
30,318,872
745,368,980
741,377,495
737,390,830
913,639,529
778,642,057
833,537,753
810,264,061
796,356,234
178,052,141
332,481,078
376,202,098
489,397,853
882,435,566
598,960,418
470,650,328
380,085,956
588,166,373
586,781,840
603,044,920
613,927,997
2,462,233,599
1,951,047,440
2,045,312,010
2,023,464,649
104,379,508
121,664,054
125,310,625
127,549,674
410,839,784
361,739,900
408,007,046
423,705,561
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
1,144,356
22
33,336
1,276,420
561,192
18,523,435
189,705
137,431
1,240,700
15,930
169,786
105
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
nrantx
Table 2-4. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by State, 1993-1996 (Alphabetically
Ordered), Continued.
State
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
Year©
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
21,826,295
21,303,123
20,505,894
21,182,003
166,781,431
187,633,467
178,869,538
170,185,296
107,102,247
127,777,459
-131,437,545
139,465,301
204,073,499
292,679,063
262,267,203
261,804,787
142,955,104
220,758,719
212,280,612
221,300,457
38,387,039
39,178,692
42,304,270
42,304,270
13,772,440
11,904,525
12,344,100
12,358,742
5,200,324
5,689,885
24,041,320
24,015,805
20,396,683
20,052,585
28,093,248
28,037,688
58,020,858
56,541,028
55,970,189
57,053,139
244,150
1,697,237
1,815,721
1,854,418
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
23,284,520
26,420,533
24,364,258
24,060,145
132,412,741
145,763,253
143,501,079
143,633,316
14,049,945
17,966,537
17,789,128
19,014,681
58,278,744
34,106,802
33,911,465
35,561,065
41,660,788
64,935,333
59,216,658
58,617,019
1,900,914
2,406,947
2,326,600
2,347,900
24,748,064
45,088,993
44,045,131
43,106,538
446,498
409,351
391,093
380,196
8,521,051
10,218,963
9,961,582
9,936,987
52,174,527
46,214,691
42,195,706
41,780,654
159,568
149,350
492,138
527,010
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
10,096,597
10,840,725
8,556,158
5,459,995
91,664,519
118,436,808
126,102,587
132,897,096
11,613,883
10,938,561
10,649,969
10,682,293
27,114,312
57,480,272
72,460,947
72,467,902
215,336,026
259,913,210
284,428,837
285,222,807
5,806,600
2,563,200
1,868,600
1,826,332
2,736,319
1,903,137
1,534,850
1,543,070
0
0
0
0
1,121,022
1,179,606
1,460,978
1,462,078
178,458,114
170,604,266
169,475,511
168,383,163
36,429,390
47,613,106
47,500,000
47,500,000
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
6,045,170
6,409,247
5,453,221
5,209,296
66,920,216
78,892,968
74,878,766
76,652,026
4,610,932
2,645,900
2,544,970
2,523,554
3,524,428
3,440,094
2,983,107
2,855,734
16,467,628
16,931,240
14,385,333
14,241,093
104,489
43,872
46,519
22,169
747,575
658,191
624,188
614,921
4,579
5,960
6,080
6,080
300,445
335,467
290,946
217,047
26,242,524
30,176,911
28,505,141
28,474,791
148,299
145,450
34,969
35,242
106
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste |
mm
Table 2-4, Cont.
State
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
Year®
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Treated
On-site
Pounds
34,664,430
37,530,560
37,448,106
36,849,906
336,592,099
349,457,081
244,030,625
225,757,919
37,898,214
42,759,383
42,244,744
42,037,988
168,588,613
151,582,229
162,702,317
162,487,515
73,401,426
86,114,343
89,353,159
89,644,308
31,707,160
32,286,340
32,461,108
32,829,408
14,302,793
11,788,224
12,155,427
12,423,745
75,981,860
9,037,035
8,851,099
8,971,119
13,776,465
12,195,513
12,415,674
12,536,554
206,849,703
186,059,047
174,973,274
170,217,909
7,664,761
2,250,170
2,841,115
3,025,204
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
8,440,254
9,678,275
9.683,696
9,083,708
33,003,586
35,514,256
25,107,150
25,348,166
6,540,261
8,317,707
8,159,761
7,908,843
1,564,460
2,833,739
2,220,542
2,037,358
27,802,058
30,345,069
29,584,662
28,926,558
37,999
22,971
19,952
19,963
3,797,948
3,880,461
3.741,203
3,759,490
16,410
17,167
18,044
18,686
392,973
516,434
734,508
728,745
34,862,707
38,561,256
32,226,654
30,286,263
324,035
386,086
176,052
188,257
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
10,659,622
10,404,930
8,371,886
8,398,013
100,777,590
109,802,806
99,083,847
95,612,137
22,463,249
22,931,515
19,909,596
18,879,425
113,637,230
108,714,590
108,009,087
1 10,922,479
51,093,593
52,791,067
50,573,402
49,116,819
51,487,485
60,086,091
42,247,190
42,288,079
14,327,254
16,317,230
12,124,942
11,990,849
4,175,645
3,359,559
3,350,619
3,394,010
3,496,839
3,207,277
2,814,293
2,446,076
20,007,224
19,765,752
17,598,780
16,117,969
23,266,972
18,128,719
17,834,075
17,650,426
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
115,016,888
122,587,393
114,383,219
1 10,243,066
928,152,182
1,025,500,639
891,573,592
870,085,956
204,278,731
233,337,062
232,735,713
240,512,085
576,781,286
650,836,789
644,554,668
648,136,840
568,716,623
731,788,981
739,822,663
747,069,061
129,431,686
136,588,113
121,274,239
121,638,121
74,432,393
91,540,761
86,569,841
85,797,355
85,825,316
18,518,957
36,658,255
36,785,896
48,005,478
47,705,845
55,771,229
55,365,175
576,615,657
547,922,951
520,945,255
512,313,888
68,237,175
70,370,118
70,694,070
70,780,557
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
70,674
616,953
4,300
302,384
3,558,261
13,170
8,463
0
5,880
1,378,208
146
107
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-4, Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by State, 1993-1996 (Alphabetically
Ordered), Continued,
State
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Year©
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
184,004,842
184,124,601
174,648,398
172,598,114
331,092,977
360,060,798
627,254,365
638,350,506
4,936
44,757
6,547
6,815
541,836,954
261,963,097
249,827,968
262,496,660
77,720,590
107,158,370
104,435,320
105,514,003
41,900,605
41,759,263
43,121,793
47,106,515
366,668,918
432,233,444
423,349,932
427,073,040
21,536,781
25,485,494
24,772,904
24,338,025
11,254,659
13,144,927
13,367,377
13,517,424
223,409,506
222,698,739
209,779,541
217,418,829
43,443
285,745
215,493
215,232
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
79,626,173
85,403,597
77,407,706
76,668,720
99,508,203
96,918,693
98,324,423
99,797,585
178,720
404,050
510,400
510,400
197,037,768
221,367,297
221,247,072
228,957,854
21,264,824
20,857,535
22,517,875
21,985,055
18,513,642
21,187,891
23,462,716
26,954,814
199,426,810
195,409,021
197,288,169
173,097,081
14,345,933
10,276,639
9,593,349
9,812,059
12,569,308
15,719,508
15,137,445
16,211,612
143,799,554
87,720,688
85,671,777
87,148,473
351,940
664,250
613,513
633,475
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
18,804,242
21,877,947
21,247,455
21,659,573
28,902,698
37,443,054
37,162,141
45,701,660
0
0
0
0
104,398,942
95,277,268
98,244,529
110,370,663
5,475,660
72,911,635
240,542
240,542
12,984,140
21,415,126
18,234,115
17,051,415
180,652,125
254,300,352
256,768,048
259,033,339
5,720,842
5,355,609
6,203,564
7,361,870
274,585
233,815
208,630
162,340
82,857,486
64,695,488
79,537,934
76,761,376
766,600
991,000
1,048,000
1,058,000
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
5,667,043
8,288,061
7,384,659
6,626,974
9,384,916
7,869,406
8,931,064
10,092,579
8,029
9,904
8,875
6,395
28,003,953
37,070,669
34,042,388
33,455,293
2,407.624
2,142,073
1,902,531
1,708,782
428,651
770,757
700,530
646,512
19,020,412
18,233,384
17,670,818
17,341,263
5,708,361
9,405,241
10,812,261
9,421,366
340,542
466,597
554,646
625,343
8,993,968
9,999,859
7,999,008
7,666,964
205,450
97,210
102,699
117,938
108
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste j
PREVEM1IN
Table 2-4, Cont.
State
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Year©
93
94
95
96
93
94'
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Treated
On-site
Pounds
177,057,626
199,012,065
202,701,242
199,316,112
313,542,239
427,659,291
664,272,783
662,952,190
1,702,510
1,781,930
1,822,398
1,820,360
310,500,473
270,659,789
282,319,164
292,435,974
54,841,995
53,335,369
51,311,325
51,737,904
73,002,735
59,191,042
58,221,977
59,045,240
254,811,464
290,067,134
296,920,320
302,820,922
23,205,642
23,802,825
22,146,304
20,660,877
8,619,328
7,159,041
7,565,676
7,591,793
165,428,946
200,723,512
187,258,567
194,305,696
28,725,294
31,189,110
32,905,037
33,065,807
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
14,303,755
14,306,574
12,691,795
11,674,747
7,740,399
16,081,307
17,348,462
15,409,944
199,829
278,815
211,152
209,810
45,068,987
29,436,352
25,584,138
20,983,945
1,354,616
1,396,109
5,805,409
5,660,828
5,137,352
10,940,684
14,927,058,
13,765,662
27,982,828
27,725,031
30,089,426
48,157,110
9,431,890
9,540,512
8,712,606
9,334,123
777,227
778,519
652,496
515,154
8,232,568
11,826,322
9,805,922
10,300,046
248,141
397,130
350,873
316,699
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
41,716,888
39,370,852
34,366,484
30,548,637
84,280,914
97,996,754
90,513,323
87,438,060
1,396,291
1,614,972
1,640,100
1,615,050
162,225,498
148,911,291
144,648,462
140,426,940
30,037,145
25,763,678
28,724,205
21,532,108
16,233,849
21,640,967
23,099,067
24,481,473
84,662,493
86,367,722
79,198,941
79,765,026
10,786,065
9,670,083
8,583,406
8,135,509
5,634,944
6,701,969
2,905,865
2,421,500
52,855,343
54,160,851
50,067,088
48,436,000
2,101,728
2,164,375
1,603,657
1,352,779
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
521,180,569
552,383,697
530,447,739
519,092,877
874,452,346
1,044,029,303
1,543,806,561
1,559,742,524
3,490,315
4,134,428
4,199,472
4,168,830
1,389,072,575
1,064,685,763
1,055,913,721
1,089,127,329
193,102,454
283,564,769
214,937,207
208,379,222
168,200,974
176,905,730
181,767,256
189,051,631
1,133,225,050
1,304,336,088
1,301,285,654
1,307,287,781
90,735,514
93,536,403
90,824,394
89,063,829
39,470,593
44,204,376
40,392,135
41,045,166
685,577,371
651,825,459
630,119,837
642,037,384
32,442,596
35,788,820
36,839,272
36,759,930
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
204,306
130,244
40
1,400,743
32,712
171,486
18,626,906
22,514
40,621
1,576,760
123
109
-------
s j^z. Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
FMffiffllN
Table 2-4. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by State, 1993-1996 (Alphabetically
. Ordered), Continued.
State
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Year©
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
129,734,164
1 14,246,920
118,189,870
119,982,415
1,508,256,289
1,423,803,512
1,458,356,825
1,471,893,398
12,922,157
15,829,542
48,119,742
47,578,482
125,986
112,000
137,327
148,478
3,157,078
104,029,035
107,149,902
107,149,902
116,644,592
135,106,255
131,471,069
142,071,478
93,004,847
84,674,510
84,965,301
87,314,917
137,105,177
127,030,922
130,489,643
140,966,445
85,682,803
82,316,325
70,140,207
69,556,303
77,909,610
2,932,289
2,939,995
2,939,090
8,248,075,870
8,406,829,703
8,650,500,082
8,729,571,607
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
45,429,543
54,732,280
56,029,421
60,013,889
119,542,800
134,535,559
141,692,071
142,706,21 1
7,893,340
9,443,205
9,530,048
9,318,163
1,327,077
1,232,597
1,208,700
731,700
680,497
42,563
43,839
43,839
26,143,024
29,942,241
30,864,01 1
29,664,183
14,054,534
12,288,948
12,596,322
12,510,664
31,603,265
44,921,783
47,882,480
47,859,810
53,299,772
57,165,955
63,802,545
64,315,612
34,676,376
41,672,436
40,064,015
40,066,115
2,392,157,669
2,516,993,374
2,512,531,447
2,519,762,846
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
57,421,020
80,091,737
68,185,405
63,745,111
629,173,785
718,629,195
826,040,970
742,536,315
31,937
112,168
137,600
145,200
4,600
16,100
16,000
16,000
969,485
162,448,209
167,321,641
167,321,641
41,358,831
44,592,782
47,879,482
46,717,176
120,486,026
155,126,847
154,999,691
155,286,405
7,825,594
7,470,016
31,868,017
7,827,917
9,007,302
8,517,196
9,743,040
9,925,120
268,760
149,629
150,780
150,780
2,940,393,366
3,422,556,168
3,530,851,002
3,478,213,030
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
7,920,006
8,105,259
5,509,056
6,047,312
94,125,147
74,801,244
72.088,125
68,161,488
173,968
122,880
128,955
129,072
127,602
120,510
97,500
97,800
309
47,629
49,056
49,056
6,822,908
8,823,248
7,942,964
7,555,513
746,463
801,828
814,946
810,414
14,632,002
10,909,099
9,217,042
10,046,255
18,684,849
17,165,446
16,271,904
16,397,370
4,047
2,123
2,123
2,123
457,860,139
469,207,613
441,592,060
432,154,508
110
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TR1 Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-4, Cont.
State
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Treated
YearQ On-site
Pounds
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
175,246,948
193,545,676
196,109,837
187,597,663
1,584,150,039
1,444,87 1,791
1,457,108,098
1,463,009,941
72,346,228
67,751,599
35,434,290
39,241,335
6,612,657
6,838,969
7.019,760
7,055,260
865,850
10,283,476
10,591,978
10,591,978
313,261,514
371,628,758
449,262,568
455,417,752
200,572,606
200,620,246
198,399,192
201,758,269
183,134,625
193,793,367
184,894,338
190,561,007
84,791,505
82,129,607
84,052,447
83,827,971
2,203,696
4,365,696
4,501,962
4,498,962
8,762,004,485
8,659,057,321
9,046,871,111
9,085,340,115
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
13,195,726
28,039,642
8,693,160
8,382,224
66,314,989
52,744,900
51,974,669
46,454,471
1,056,251
1,250,194
4,813,945
1,130,374
278,039
324,930
211,636
189,879
6,339
414,075
426,496
426,496
16,571,246
16,939,112
16,085,969
15,278,360
1,673,771
1,526,430
1,325,928
1,358,191
7,037,190
.5,988,029
6,460,743
6,725,262
13,952,956
15,155,595
13,077,240
13,185,640
3,016
4,180
4,052
4,031
561,590,216
557,327,180
551,813,485
513,418,308
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
170,052,758
174,747,715
174,378,947
182,831,257
366,842,009
264,405,662
250,938,611
270,828,656
96,483,723
72,510,108
82,186,785
83,796,571
627,397
663,360
478,056
335,755
1,740,931
1,162,604
1,197,386
1,178,594
52,886,019
54,546,908
51,207,881
49,659,340
25,453,059
25,611,081
25,094,386
24,523,556
24,093,062
25,112,934
25,817,800
25,250,931
40,649,962
43,838,387
41,958,762
41,570,712
16,448,139
22,745,439
14,546,110
14,529,242
2,784,880,731
2,514,582,556
2,386,330,799
2,537,442,141
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
599,000,165
653,509,229
627,095,696
628,599.871
4,368,405,058
4,113,791,863
4,258,199,369
4,205,590,480
190,907,604
167,019,696
180,351,365
181,339,197
9,103,358
9,308,466
9,168,979
8,574,872
7,420,489
278,427,591
286,780,298
286,761,506
573,688,134
661,579,304
734,713,944
746,363,802
455,991,306
480,649,890
478,195,766
483,562,416
405,430,915
415,226,150
436,630,063
429,237,627
306,069,149
306,288,511
299,046,145
298,778,728
131,513,644
• 71,871,792
62,209,037
62,190,343
26,146,962,476
26,546,553,915
27,120,489,986
27,295,902,555
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
93,654
3,510,712
164,593
0
11,832
167,096
7,296
453,943
167,909
854
78.702,327
Data for all years are taken from the 1994 Form R.
111
-------
•RMNIHfl
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
in waste. Nationally, facilities released or
disposed of about 9.5% of their TRI chemicals
in waste in 1994. However, facilities in
Mississippi reported releasing or disposing of
16.7% of their TRI chemicals in waste, while
facilities in Tennessee reported releasing or
disposing of 26.7%.
In 1994, facilities in Florida reported the largest
quantity of TRI chemicals in non-production
related waste, with 21.0 million pounds. Non-
production related waste is waste that is asso-
ciated with one-time or accidental events.
Pennsylvania was second, with 18.6 million
pounds, and Iowa was third, with 18.5 million
pounds.
Figure 2-5 shows the top 10 industries for TRI
chemicals in production-related waste for 1994.
Table 2-5 provides the PPA data for each
industry group. The chemical industry reported
the largest quantity of TRI chemicals in waste,
with 11.2 billion pounds in 1994. The primary
metals industry followed with 4.2 billion
pounds, and the paper industry ranked third,
with 2.2 billion pounds. These industries also
ranked first through third, respectively, for total
releases of TRI chemicals (see Chapter 1).
The chemical industry also ranked first for the
quantity of TRI chemicals in non-production
related waste, with 27.9 million pounds in 1994.
The primary metals industry followed, with
23.9 million pounds.
Table 2-6 presents the 25 chemicals reported as
recycled in the greatest quantities in 1994.
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols) tops the list, with
1.5 billion pounds. However, a significant
portion of this quantity may represent non-
aerosol forms of sulfuric acid, which facilities
were no longer required to report effective with
the 1994 reporting year. Some facilities that
reported their non-aerosol forms of sulfuric acid
for 1994 despite the change in reporting require-
ments declined to withdraw or revise their 1994
reporting forms, but presumably will no longer
report these quantities beginning in 1995.
Therefore, further declines in the quantity of
sulfuric acid reported as recycled probably can
be expected.
Ten of the top 25 chemicals for recycling were
metals or metal compound categories, including
copper, which ranked second, and lead com-
pounds, which ranked fourth. Toluene and
methanol, two common solvents, ranked third
and fifth, respectively.
Table 2-7 presents the 25 chemicals that were
burned for energy recovery in the greatest
quantities in 1994. Mixtures and trade name
products ranked fourth for energy recovery in
1994. This amount consists of chlorinated and
nonchlorinated solvents, chlorinated hydro-
carbons, and acetic acid esters received in waste
and burned as fuel in cement kilns by four
cement manufacturers. Table 2-8 presents the
top 25 chemicals based on quantities treated in
1994. A number of these chemicals are acids,
which are often neutralized prior to discharge.
Table 2-9 lists the 25 chemicals which were
reported as released or disposed of in the
greatest quantities, based on the PPA data.
Twenty-four of these chemicals also appear
among the top 25 chemicals for total releases
based on the TRI release data reported in section
5 of the reporting form (see Table 1-24). Lead
compounds, which rank 20th for releases based
on the PPA data, rank 30th based on the section
5 release data. The rankings of the chemicals in
these two tables (2-9 and 1-24) are sometimes
different due to the inclusion of off-site disposal
in the release quantities reported in Section 8 of
Form R and presented in this chapter.
Table 2-10 presents the quantities of TRI
chemicals in waste for each TRI chemical for
1993 to 1996. All quantities were taken from the
1994 reporting form.
112
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of Tftl Chemicals in Waste j
Millions of Pounds
12,000
10,000 -
8.000
6,000
4,000 •
2,000-
Figure 2-5. Top 10 industries for Total Production-related Waste, 1994.
113
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Chapters—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
FREVMMN
Table 2-5. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by Industry, 1993-1996.
SIC
Code Industry
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Year©
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Recycled
Oil-site
Pounds
12,653,313
16,859,873
13,916,489
14,309,294
0
0
0
0
10,731,325
13,503,757
13,830,860
14,419,213
223,386
246,116
229,401
203,420
10,814,841
16,149,324
18,208,128
11,274,790
3,355,152
1,727,653
1,956,150
1,965,491
220,008,030
221,495,294
211,436,760
210,465,993
186,677,712
187,303,092
196,478,203
178,288,376
4,182,257,222
3,876,013,299
3,939,153,598
4,047,499,708
162,712,320
381,203,011
376,970,892
381,346,628
300,073,234
304,370,857
190,113,731
80,868,506
842,278
864,245
839,724
867,451
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
1,276,350
1,598,737
1,534,030
. 1,496,804
0
0
0
0
635,527
730,626
741,425
743,265
128,200
82,225
24,952
3,472
803,160
718,808
601,845
514,116
4,329,423
4,199,494
4,199,882
4,355,086
3,774,391
2,920,381
3,605,958
1,683,111
10,500,140
6,308,508
6,054,274
5,839,953
297,073,658
290,586,425
291,747,038
292,158,177
216,586,759
179,837,948
184,976,591
158,316,986
16,467,037
21,085,258
20,752,073
19,894,893
440,730
571,328
402,347
449,124
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
164,674
203,561
210,062
220,749
0
0
0
0
4,077,097
3,994,479
4,026,196
4,091,488
0
0
0
0
1,691,654
2,259,265
2,071,113
1,993,340
156,981
172,607
179,934
189,726
205,006,970
210,565,551
213,843,450
214,675,824
239,996
263,890
213,330
121,300
974,967,776
1,007,087,119
1,137,404,475
1,031,444,882
745,894,990
1,073,927,775
958,807,618
977,057,970
17,690,996
20,419,657
21,848,280
23,365,382
0
0
0
0
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
98,555
145,469
103,285
121,205
0
0
0
0
1,113,254
1,252,913
1,147,825
1,067,121
183,484
125,485
93,194
57,893
3,083,036
2,814,767
2,705,388
2,709,157
5,767,575
7,050,286
6,439,932
6,439,915
7,627,121
8,889,446
8,959,494
8,776,378
3,705,739
3,398,369
2,820,668
2,716,122
345,613,052
353,424,191
342,671,950
335,805,762
1,025,736
1,283,508
1,501,904
485,094
7,573,215
8,249,207
7,562,679
7,318,780
306,162
271,880
224,095
207,014
114
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste \
Table 2-5.
SIC
Code Industry
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
YearQ
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Treated
On-site
Pounds
206,563,821
195,343,115
206,521,071
200,988,941
553,932
179,276
144,450
120,000
50,229,442
55,106,755
53,124,900
45,088,577
900,595
1,051,632
921,035
834,143
3,783,652
4,418,431
4,574,939
4,809,948
1,928,152
2.040,410
2,213,866
2,321,870
1,507,715,459
1,495,116,784
1,513,572,799
1,482,518,076
9,483,722
11,667,701
20,104,460
12,624,105
4,436,150,731
4,519,434,112
5,005,121,646
5,067,266,428
421,555,438
303,766,065
290,985,718
289,580,092
45,383,261
53,516,778
52,143,995
52,527,624
15,102,301
10,251,622
10,300,034
10,509,864
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
29,760,806
23,583,855
26,079,741
24,212,603
54,345
70,083
77,400
88,200
5,767,700
24,552,300
6,011,052
5,792,436
48,650
147,529
76,037
41,255
889,015
424,383
587,110
373,892
916,691
1,831,321
1,287,238
1,219,583
45,712,652
50,790,319
57,055,062
44,817,258
523,881
628,703
455,925
444,575
307,056,146
274,627,293
258,680,771
240,224,733
6,457,328
5,961,908
5,285,968
4,844,213
6,978,182
5,226,801
3,918,896
3,708,391
2,844,625
1,714,538
2,073,264
15,633,851
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
34,677,806
35,919,597
31,838,863
30,216,871
2,243,907
1,427,718
1,408,447
1,414,208
19,304,951
18,913,778
17,429,208
16,791,744
1,429,357
1,462,619
1,201,986
824,145
32,186,951
38,992,407
34,705,145
34,080,170
49,562,352
51,481,050
48,149,777
48,074,053
206,343,888
246,352,081
242,053,600
238,989,366
31,705,736
31,332,524
30,422,351
29,654,486
1,191,668,935
884,267,461
857,003,731
840,208,469
76,418,465
58,375,205
56,288,994
55,814,708
116,451,331
135,768,001
1 19,370,053
124,092,279
8,072,802
5,776,775
5,614,685
9,884,783
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
285,195,325
273,654,207
280,203,541
271,566,467
2,852,184
1,677,077
1,630,297
1,622,408
91,859,296
118,054,608
96,311,466
87,993,844
2,913,672
3,115,606
2,546,605
1,964,328
53,252,309
65,777,385
63,453,668
55,755,413
66,016,326
68,502,821
64,426,779
64,565,724
2,196,188,511
2,236,129,856
2,250,527,123
2,201,926,006
242,836,926
240,902,787
256,549,211
229,688,917
11,734,787,520
11,205,439,900
11,831,783,209
11,854,608,159
1,630,651,036
2,004,355,420
1,874,817,685
1,867,445,691
510,617,256
548,636,559
415,709,707
311,775,855
27,608,898
19,450,388
19,454,149
37,552,087
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
596,685
12,500
37,807
242
1,564,040
40,437
95,871
25,448
27,928,341
450,156
405,287
55
115
-------
Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-5. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by Industry, 1993-1996, Continued.
SIC
Code Industry
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Measure ./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-390
No codes 20-39©
Total
Year©
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
101,017,765
93,606,352
94,536,825
102,195,325
1,559,218,411
2,073,661,222
2,181,584,686
2,284,034,305
254,168,171
329,904,350
510,908,539
521,811,615
61,071,555
69,813,295
63,882,688
54,432,553
123,486,588
137,827,226
138,482,914
150,101,543
67,290,200
54,246,220
62,156,181
39,907,745
3,500,751
3,975,431
3,490,481
3,178,879
11,450,646
16,914,246
16,012,771
16,259,599
956,856,448
583,107,777
597,991,633
611,615,982
19,666,522
24,037,063
18,319,428
4,525,191
8,248,075,870
8,406,829,703
8,650,500,082
8,729,571,607
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
2,664,315
2,994,636
2,941,877
2,990,030
809,621,701
898,694,593
917,701,870
934,463,658
252,798,641
284,693,735
285,700,651
292,043,818
51,962,637
58,555,600
66,277,386
67,195,405
352,945,648
352,766,057
343,820,144
352,227,467
150,472,321
175,141,217
163,421,190
169,303,158
12,898,730
14,411.674
12,712,686
11,599,714
18,370,502
19,573,940
16,779,575
17,237,194
183,765,674
197,749,058
183,919,881
t <"• ,330,128
4,642,125
3,773,126
4,615,772
4,917,287
2,392,157,669
2,516,993,374
2,512,531,447
2,519,762,846
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
800,186,769
920,373,443
1,001,558,876
1,026,547,546
24,517,989
29,104,092
30,315,191
31,030,717
19,455,097
20,718,348
19,117,485
19,135,976
180,325
247,313
252,236
252,235
1,113,046
2,104,530
2,113,786
2,317,797
918,315
1,702,139
1,917,916
2,089,786
867,627
967,647
1,020,000
1,023,355
1,356,405
2,195,201
2,405,200
2,882,800
102,864,377
89,463,005
91,864,704
94,292,487
39,042,282
36,786,546
41,681,150
45,479,670
2,940,393,366
3,422,556,168
3,530,851,002
3,478,213,030
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
7,353,784
4,320,159
3,923,135
4,184,187
11,509,581
12,270,243
3,484,963
3,425,733
12,543,710
13,591,424
12,295,832
12,045,095
2,849,397
2,926,014
2,810,597
2,542,906
8,232,961
9,553,499
8,653,846
8,613,961
17,265,206
16,672,984
16,594,443
16,129,279
3,181,798
3,056,976
2,587,882
2,519,936
2,665,391
2,701,407
2,336,408
2,274,476
15,603,836
16,327,515
13,921,163
13,979,458
557,546
881,871
753,377
735,036
457,860,139
469,207,613
441,592,060
432,154,508
116
-------
Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
REVENTM
Table 2-5, Cont.
SIC
Code Industry
32 Stone/Clay/Glass
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip.
37 Transportation Equip.
38 Measure./Photo.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-390
No codes 20-39©
Total
YearQ
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Treated
On-site
Pounds
22,171,754
24,159,749
21,552,882
21,986,257
717,582,435
670,703,873
633,084,184
656,225,341
189,297,817
213,231,438
204,967,516
206,906,287
17,692,327
17,471,521
16,900,567
16,580,620
162,484,620
167,813,807
189,315,481
204,172,244
47,141,305
45,859,759
43,832,502
43,862,654
36,519,946
36,150,815
35,963,303
37,304,719
5,803,829
6,145,443
6,027,265
6,388,617
699,158,060
669,177,292
678,139,862
696,391,644
164,801,886
156,450,943
57,358,636
26,332,064
8,762,004,485
8,659,057,321
9,046,871,111
9,085,340,115
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
5,749,086
2,877,236
2,659,250
2,319,961
51,909,646
65,961,645
95,298,630
78,565,300
19,702,575
22,320,861
17,785,397
17,137,984
3,181,202
3,562,584
3,135,123
2,859,437
15,806,193
17,664,458
17,153,133
18,211,342
11,621,598
10,592,822
9,357,864
8,709,436
3,600,358
.5,032,324
4,757,476
4,364,680
878,762
1,310,459
999,135
936,234
41,442,627
36,354,243
38,032,917
37,924,949
688,148
2,091,515
1,046,096
987,995
561,590,216
557,327,180
551,813,485
513,418,308
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
30,016,691
25,331,659
23,735,791
23,062,107
456,708,033
460,280,745
451,748,565
650,644,101
100,919,233
106,444,425
95,836,605
93,214,690
25,251,207
28,371,966
25,395,844
22,230,215
41,976,533
43,419,693
36,286,409
30,734,853
121,782,477
128,965,487
122,167,859
114,740,194
22,929,558
18,968,375
16,125,293
13,831,123
15,061,103
15,792,933
13,502,781
13,286,298
178,196,366
157,860,831
145,739,352
137,100,478
21,973,049
19,077,226
10,305,460
8,552,800
2,784,880,731
2,514,582,556
2,386,330,799
2,537,442,141
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
969,160,164
1,073,663,234
1,150,908,636
1,183,285,413
3,631,067,796
4,210,676,413
4,313,218,089
4,638,389,155
848,885,244
990,904,581
1,146,612,025
1,162,295,465
162,188,650
180,948,293
178,654,441
166,093,371
706,045,589
731,149,270
735,825,713
766,379,207
416,491,422
433,180,628
419,447,955
394,742,252
83,498,768
82,563,242
76,657,121
73,822,406
55.586,638
64.633,629
58,063,135
59,265,218
2,177,887,388
1,750,039,721
1,749,609,512
1,773,635,126
251,371,558
243,098,290
134,079,919
91,530,043
26,146,962,476
26,546,553,915
27,120,489,986
27,295,902,555
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
62,408
23,941,741
87,375
254,570
76,369
346,399
9,107
20,791
22,343,713
402,985
78,702,327
Q Data for all years are taken from the 1994 Form R.
Q Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
0 Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code and facilities that reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
117
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-6. Top 25 TRI Chemicals Reported as Recycled, 1994.
CAS
Number®
7664-93-9
7440-50-8
108-88-3
—
67-56-1
—
—
107-21-1
74-85-1
7647-01-0
75-01-4
79-01-6
7664-41-7
7664-38-2
11S-07-1
7439-92-1
1330-20-7
7440.47-3
—
7440-02-0
7439-96-5
7440-66-6
—
50-00-0
6484-52-2
Chemical
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)©
Copper
Toluene
Lead compounds
Methanol
Copper compounds
Zinc compounds
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene
Hydrochloric acid
Vinyl chloride
Trichloroethylene
Ammonia
Phosphoric acid
Propylene
Lead
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Chromium
Manganese compounds
Nickel
Manganese
Zinc (fume or dust)
Glycol ethers
Formaldehyde
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
1,261,886,360
621,057,880
1,022,017,402
523,496,788
537,178,714
259,628,033
163,562,165
221,408,060
336,088,862
261,331,683
301,099,066
248,092,051
213,617,427
207,319,461
190,030,400
119,673,015
124,414,107
37,699,880
83,384,761
41,474,166
26,761,432
20,028,493
99,339,310
100,021,993
92,269,711
7,112,881,220
8,406,829,703
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
244,770,224
519,462,953
23,356,695
295,991,458
17,423,208
158,386,986
244,871,914
1 19,877,285
0
58,676,372
19,273
8,462,852
10,289,359
1 1,128,655
0
46,388,271
39,374,517
109,926,348
52,142,486
78,202,733
83,013,913
84,482,496
4,292,279
124,952
848,132
2,211,513,361
2,516,993,374
Total
Recycled
Pounds
1,506,656,584
1,140,520,833
1,045,374,097
819,488,246
554,601,922
418,015,019
408,434,079
341,285,345
336,088,862
320,008,055
301,118,339
256,554,903
223,906,786
218,448,116
190,030,400
166,061,286
163,788,624
147,626,228
135,527,247
119,676,899
109,775,345
104,510,989
103,631,589
100,146,945
93,117,843
9,324,394,581
10,923,823,077
0 Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
dj) These quantities may include significant amounts of non-aerosol forms of sulfuric acid.
118
-------
Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-7. Top 25 TRI Chemicals Reported as Used for Energy Recovery, 1994.
REVENTON
CAS
NumberQ)
74-85-1
115-07-1
67-56-1
—
108-88-3
1330-20-7
78-93-3
75-65-0
108-10-1
7664-41-7
100-41-4
106-99-0
74-90-8
95-47-6
—
107-06-2
100-42-5
75-05-8
79-10-7
78-87-5
71-43-2
71-36-3
107-21-1
542-75-6
108-95-2
Chemical
Ethylene
Propylene
Methanol
Mixtures and other trade names©
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
tert-Butyl alcohol
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Ammonia
Ethylbenzene
1,3-Butadiene
Hydrogen cyanide
o-Xylene
Glycol ethers
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Styrene
Acetonitrile
Acrylic acid
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Benzene
n-Butyl alcohol
Ethylene glycol
1 ,3-Dichloropropy lene
Phenol
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
726,539,554
687,026,163
335,791,168
342,827,675
240,295,525
170,294,546
94,269,472
34,710,614
35,412,662
46,790,530
37,291,804
45,071,333
43,141,554
37,088,018
20,464,272
32,709,481
27,782,188
26,827,192
22,104,705
25,700,000
22,558,478
15,354,385
15,497,276
22,800,000
18,573,912
3,126,922,507
3,422,556,168
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
9,961,634
2,159,273
78,727,556
29,401
81,028,606
76,546,202
47,569,206
29,727,280
18>886,033
1,140,705
9,106,041
14,468
51
2,554,666
14,587,324
636,889
5,315,303
5,487,384
5,401,347
1
1,657,355
7,765,686
7,611,265
1,703
3,546,324
409,461,703
469,207,613
Total
Energy
Recovery
Pounds
736,501,188
689,185,436
414,518,724
342,857,076
321,324,131
246,840,748
141,838,678
64,437,894
54,298,695
47,931,235
46,397,845
45,085,801
43,141,605
39,642,684
35,051,596
33,346,370
33,097,491
32,314,576
27,506,052
25,700,001
24,215,833
23,120,071
23,108,541
22,801,703
22,120,236
3,536,384,210
3,891,763,781
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
This amount is the total of mixtures received as waste and burned as fuel in cement kilns by four cement manufacturers.
119
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-8. Top 25 TRI Chemicals Reported as Treated, 1994.
CAS
Number®
7647-01-0
7664-93-9
67-56-1
7664-41-7
7664-38-2
74-85-1
76-13-1
7697-37-2
115-07-1
7782-50-5
108-88-3
—
7664-39-3
107-21-1
64-18-6
—
50-00-0
1330-20-7
10049-04-4
78-93-3
107-06-2
—
106-99-0
7783-20-2
—
Chemical
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols}®
Methanol
Ammonia
Phosphoric acid
Ethylene
Freon 113
Nitric acid
Propylene
Chlorine
Toluene
Copper compounds
Hydrogen fluoride
Ethylene glycol
Formic acid
Chromium compounds
Formaldehyde
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Chlorine dioxide
Methyl ethyl ketone
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Glycol ethers
1,3-Butadiene
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Lead compounds
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Treated
On-site
Pounds
1,936,246,211
1,730,952,568
920,822,203
339,066,772
387,132,377
377,166,282
280,047,264
263,397,385
243,323,866
216,618,766
155,607,346
134,841,442
118,947,078
63,548,878
89,222,455
78,804,179
77,492,668
64,105,008
69,805,013
62,307,378
64,471,449
32,814,456
44,734,559
5,277,503
31,945,152
7,788,698,258
8,659,057,321
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
72,036,146
15,545,913
122,852,817
57,650,805
5,472,773
66,460
1,106,697
14,335,424
280,114
1,165,675
17,645,405
2,922,112
2,643,027
32,481,157
2,031,004
3,977,484
3,463,489
9,179,879
46
6,546,417
1,202,731
14,272,906
407,145
32,431,983
5,144,249
424,861,858
557,327,180
Total
Treated
Pounds
2,008,282,357
1,746,498,481
1,043,675,020
396,717,577
392,605,150
377,232,742
281,153,961
277,732,809
243,603,980
217,784,441
173,252.751
137,763,554
121,590,105
96,030,035
91,253,459
82,781,663
80,956,157
73,284,887
69,805,059
68,853,795
65,674,180
47,087,362
45,141,704
37,709,486
37,089,401
8,213,560,116
9,216,384,501
© Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
(|> These quantities may include significant amounts of non-aerosol forms of sulfuric acid.
120
-------
Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TV?/ Chemicals In Waste |
Table 2-9. Top 25 TRI Chemicals Reported as Released (Includes Off-site Disposal), 1994.
CAS
Number®
67-56- 1
7647-01-0
7664-41-7
108-88-3
—
1330-20-7
75-15-0
78-93-3
75-09-2
—
—
6484-52-2
7782-50-5
7664-38-2
—
7664-93-9
100-42-5
71-55-6
74-85-1
—
—
71-36-3
79-01-6
108-10-1
7697-37-2
Chemical
Methanol
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia
Toluene
Zinc compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Carbon disulfide
Methyl ethyl ketone
Diehloromethane
Copper compounds
Manganese compounds
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Chlorine
Phosphoric acid
Glycol ethers
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)®
Styrene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Ethylene
Chromium compounds
Lead compounds
n-Butyl alcohol
Trichloroethylene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Nitric acid
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Quantity
Released/Disposed of
Pounds
264,154,976
226,303,479
206,153,499
164,627,303
150,283,170
109,582,235
84,510,491
80,107,774
69,053,033
66,540,264
60,845,164
60,806,176
60,418,267
59,086,815
49,960,881
44,297,411
43,802,296
37,826,474
35,442,835
31,492,242
31,004,058
30,219,697
29,980,770
25,615,023
23,954,649
2,046,068,982
2,514,582,556
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
These quantities may include significant amounts of non-aerosol forms of sulfuric acid.
121
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
mwm
Table 2-10, Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by Chemical, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered).
CAS
Number®
75-07-0
60-35-5
75-05-8
98-86-2
107-02-8
79-06-1
79-10-7
107-13-1
107-18-6
107-05-1
7429-90-5
1344-28-1
60-09-3
92-67-1
7664-41-7
6484-52-2
7783-20-2
62-53-3
90-044)
104-94-9
120-12-7
7440-36-0
—
7440-38-2
—
1332-21-4
7440-39-3
—
98-87-3
71-43-2
92-87-5
98-07-7
98-88-4
94-36-0
100-44-7
7440-41.7
—
92-52-4
111-91-1
111-44-4
542-88-1
108-60-1
103-23-1
353-59-3
74-83-9
75-63-8
106-99-0
141-32-2
71-36-3
78-92-2
75-65-0
106-88-7
123-72-8
Chemical
Acetaldehyde
Acetatnide
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Ally! alcohol
Allyl chloride
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Aluminum oxide (fibrous forms)
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Ammonia
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Aniline
o-Anisidine
p-Anisidine
Anthracene
Antimony
Antimony compounds
Arsenic
Arsenic compounds
Asbestos (friable)
Barium
Barium compounds
Bcnzal chloride
Benzene
Benzidine
Bcnzoic trichloride
Benzoyl chloride
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
Beryllium compounds
Biphenyl
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
B5s(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Bromochlorodifluoromethane
(Halonl211)
Bromomethane
Bromotrifluoromethane
(Halon 1301)
1,3-Butadiene
Butyl acrylate
n-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
tert-Buiyl alcohol
1 ,2-Butylene oxide
Butyraldehyde
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
142,000
0
10,391,440
0
6,600
2,449'
2,734,524
11,344,298
1,857,835
489,720
13,897,992
22,580
0
0
213,617,427
92,269,711
14,828,179
43,976,771
0
0
447,802
2,369,205
5,471,830
1,580,322
1,806,460
484,280
23,305
15,168,173
0
48,236,739
0
0
0
6,805
972
39,964
8
456,329
0
0
0
3,100,000
1,769,184
383,800
772,910
292,259
5,600,731
140,109
26,333,519
410,890
473,322
0
0
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
28,000
0
1,732,015
77,897
0
0
70,984
100
0
0
28,929,721
421,600
0
0
10,289,359
848,132
2,426,600
0
0
0
38,650
2,921,068
3,947,003
947,262
313,967
0
140,947
1,684,949
0
560,803
0
0
0
9,000
0
13,863
315,577
157,154
0
186,472
0
0
182,550
0
0
0
15,270,960
108,137
2,653,913
43,864
1,356
2,650
0
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
8,068,237
1 19,600
26,827,192
11,033,790
3,347,349
0
22,104,705
3,189,640
707,833
180,000
0
0
0
0
46,790,530
0
0
7,272,647
100
0
134,382
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22,558,478
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,174,140
0
40,000
0
7,800,000
40,688
0
79,000
0
45,071,333
3,776,871
15,354,385
10,544,065
34,710,614
47,000
520,034
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
231,651
0
5,487;384
543,436
11,894
41,650
5,401,347
421,630
98,233
15,143
86,966
7,800
0
0
1,140,705
10,328
453
1,125,452
0
0
65,114
2,840
30,810
0
3
0
19
94,044
54,000
1,657,355
0
0
0
1,410
401,116
0
0
308,221
0
162,625
0
0
78,473
0
100
0
14,468
181,887
7,765,686
5,258,084
29,727,280
360,015
18,725
122
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
nunuH
Table 2-10.
Chemical
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Aeetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Allyl alcohol
Allyl chloride
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Aluminum oxide (fibrous forms)
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Ammonia
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Aniline
o-Anisidine
p-Anisidine
Anthracene
Antimony
Antimony compounds
Arsenic
Arsenic compounds
Asbestos (friable)
Barium
Barium compounds
Benzal chloride
Benzene
Benzidine
Benzoic trichloride
Benzoyl chloride
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
Beryllium compounds
Biphenyl
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloro-l -methylethyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Bromochlorodifluoromethane
(Halonl211)
Bromomethane
B romotri fluoromethane
(Halon 130 1)
1,3-Butadiene
Butyl acrylate
n-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl alcohol
1 ,2-Butylene oxide
Butyraldehyde
Treated
On-site
Pounds
13,686,109
1
13,036,752
1,040,803
823,418
526,024
29,453,465
13,326,367
756,020
576,888
15,332,096
25,000
3,000
91,400
339,066,772
7,305,282
5,277,503
3,009,125
14,166
96
198,533
2,406,135
160,938
14,150
263,695
521,499
1,956
3,868,015
7,200
32,088,508
0
120,000
1,639,368
50,900
210,199
780
0
712,220
0
105,800
13,135
7,500,000
220,473
0
108,195
0
44,734,559
1,586,926
26,642,020
1,727,242
1,877,286
3,300,131
1,561,850
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
877,655
622
4,887,401
52,909
3,857
129,621
507,354
1,000,927
339,180
463,481
153,415
91,762
0
0
57,650,805
4,464,156
32,431,983
2,138,537
2,171
5
7,585
32,614
680,891
10,892
993,217
1,571
12,363
2,705,504
0
2,226,836
0
12
496,769
44,657
6,289
19
1,060
682,228
0
7,891
0
0
43,827
0
750
0
407,145
193,818
4,113,931
108,281
1,923,742
10
207,935
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
13,137,572
466,001
18,249,592
728,785
169,900
5,226,967
6,974,745
6,351,157
246,435
204,733
15,741,771
1,508,017
351
5
206,153,499
60,806,176
5,013,026
2,080,027
1,060
17
136,839
275,732
5,310,334
49,340
3,061,190
3,963,790
540,512
5,591,491
175
9,966,186
31,606
2,862
13,830
16,085
21,743
33,186
18,802
741,905
12,516
3,226
57
7,900
1,466,124
970
2,666,950
22,153
2,627,513
331,389
30,219,697
1,163,879
1,960,961
9,906
366,498
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
36,171,224
586,224
80,611,776
13,477,620
4,363,018
5,926,711
67,247,124
35,634,119
4,005,536
1,929,965
74,141,961
2,076,759
3,351
91,405
874,709,097
165,703,785
59,977,744
59,602,559
17,497
118
1,028,905
8,007,594
15,601,806
2,601,966
6,438,532
4,971,140
719,102
29,112,176
61,375
117,294,905
31,606
122,874
2,149,967
128,857
640,319
87,812
335,447
4,232,197
12,516
506,014
13,192
18,407,900
3,801,319
384,770
3,627,905
314,412
1 13,726,709
6,319,137
113,083,151
19,256,305
70,674,561
3,719,712
2,675,042
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
651
0
5,568
2,124
85
4
4,349
24,441
113
120
7,130
2
0
0
9,392,283
11,047,308
11,030
352
0
0
24,269
395
401,478
3,922
137,745
66,560
4
372,883
0
207,530
0
1
0
3
33
0
0
5,817
0
1
0
0
5,141
1,331
0
1,250
234,370
2,153
26,476
304
2,766
0
22
123
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
MEffifflto
Table 2-10. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by Chemical, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered), Continued.
CAS
Number®
569-64-2
989-38-8
2832-40-8
81-88-9
31I8-97-6
7440-43-9
—
156-62-7
133-06-2
63-25-2
75-15-0
56-23-5
463-58-1
120-80-9
57-74-9
7782-50-5
10049-04-4
79-11-8
108-90-7
75-45-6
75-68-3
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
107-30-2
—
126-99-8
354-25-6
2837-89-0
1897-45-6
744(M7-3
—
7440-48-4
—
7440-50-8
—
8001-58-9
120-71-8
1319-77-3
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
80-15-9
135-20-6
—
110-82-7
94-75-7
1163-19-5
101-80-4
25376-45-8
95-80-7
Chemical
C.I. Basic Green 4
C.I. Basic Red 1
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3
C.I. Food Red 15
C.I. Solvent Orange 7
Cadmium
Cadmium compounds
Calcium cyanamide
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbon disulflde
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbonyl sulfide
Catechol
Chlordane
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chloroacetic acid
Chlorobenzene
Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22)
1 -Chloro- 1 , 1 -difluoroethane
(HCFC-142b)
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Chlorophenols
Chloroprene
1 -Chloro- 1,1,2,2-tetra-
fluoroethane (HCPC-124a)
2-Chloro- 1,1,1, 2-tetra-
fluoroethane (HCFC-124)
Chlorothalonil
Chromium
Chromium compounds
Cobalt
Cobalt compounds
Copper
Copper compounds
Creosote
p-Cresidine
Cresol (mixed isomers)
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cupferron
Cyanide compounds
Cyclohexane
2,4-D (acetic acid)
Decabromodiphenyl oxide
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
Diaminotoluene (mixed isomers)
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
450
935,480
3,889,303
0
10,794
24,234
22,399,099
9,615,424
0
2,040
0
85,515,731
2,388,780
38,482
15,489,324
2,704,147
3,500,000
1,388.619
5,502,781
2,333,832
0
2,822,928
0
50
49,540
5,243
37,699,880
35,509,926
3,241,414
524,605
621,057,880
259,628,033
13,621,627
0
1,680,845
2,204,055
178,409
169,555
14,355,165
0
0
723,584
61,570,482
66,526
1,046,321
11,210
0
0
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
780,949
2,312,673
0
0
0
389
850,623
0
0
0
2,832,062
0
0
1,084,976
259,342
0
173,859
350,379
0
0
17,232
1,153,305
0
142,400
0
109,926,348
41,844,525
11,905,083
1,992,396
519,462,953
158,386,986
1,530
0
338,034
680,013
0
450,009
99,390
0
0
24,500
1,531,781
0
83,068
0
320
0
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,815,953
118,200
749,467
6,319,996
0
1,303,170
0
0
1,546,627
563
0
20,215,866
10,972,419
4,594,405
0
0
26,064
0
0
0
40,180
65,292
0
0
1,000
0
19,100
0
3,845,709
578,235
486,957
518,695
5,681,718
0
0
54,000
14,347,049
0
0
0
3,218,550
0
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
0
114
0
0
0
0
2,334
0
0
0
205,343
17,311
0
9,318
0
4,809
0
250
604,217
42,267
0
58,709
59,270
7,039
0
0
96.000
0
0
15
26,193
122,463
0
1,041
149,887
37,863
105,687
0
572,034
21,207
11,301
44,701
628,904
568
17,811
8,094
2,526,880
0
30,410
0
354,740
480
124
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
RMfflMf
Table 2-10, Cont.
Chemical
C.I. Basic Green 4
C.I. Basic Red I
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3
C.I. Food Red 15
C.I. Solvent Orange 7
Cadmium
Cadmium compounds
Calcium eyanamide
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbonyl sulfide
Catechol
Chlordane
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chloroacetic acid
Chlorobenzene
Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22)
1 -Chloro- 1 , 1 -difluoroethane
(HCFC-142b)
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloro methane
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Chlorophenois
Chloroprene
1-Chloro- 1 , 1 ,2,2-tetra-
fluoroethane (HCFC-124a)
2-Chloro- 1,1,1 ,2-tetra-
fluoroethane{HCFC-124)
Chlorothalonil
Chromium
Chromium compounds
Cobalt
Cobalt compounds
Copper
Copper compounds
Creosote
p-Cresidine
Cresol (mixed isomers)
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cupferron
Cyanide compounds
Cyclohexane
2,4-D (acetic acid)
Decabromodiphenyl oxide
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
Diaminotoluene (mixed isomers)
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
2,496
0
0
73,842
29,918
0
9,700
420,867
13,863,758
14,419,837
11,031,008
3,082,521
5,200
216,618,766
69,805,013
1,229,602
7,205,711
343,094
545,892
26,027,122
19,744,218
12,100,977
14,600
230,113
4,137,812
1,000
48,224
4,823
845,446
78,804,179
165,444
717,123
35,341,535
134,841,442
159,813
1,063
7,773,282
250,558
170,623
170,207
7,930,740
796,694
0
11,876,977
18,705,628
16,416
32,504
15,028
1,204,855
23,406
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
499
38
2,483
0
284
76,531
151,697
0
897
7,580
384,067
929,597
18,000
43,007
110
1,165,675
46
5,390
1,112,447
102,755
6,730
360,719
2,319,118
361,014
0
28,042
67,371
0
21,637
9,457
1,179,392
3,977,484
67,964
126,119
1,302,757
2,922,112
151,063
30,896
308,123
23,632
131,087
1,756,197
212,549
3,264
78
531,366
2,273,080
44,954
165,638
9,577
671,793
64,350
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
10
808
2,861
0
350
81,619
1,965,578
5
7,992
17,533
84,510,491
847,419
17,983,759
65,805
1,300
60,418,267
1,521,766
15,850
1,521,263
8,060,361
5,656,571
2,777,691
11,466,125
5,169,614
2,806
122,724
1,160,282
482,143
835,723
229,337
6,227,613
31,492,242
220,833
627,403
11,363,977
66,540,264
6,456,853
4,155
2,576,422
684,265
684,889
377,948
2,203,176
497,691
11
4,457,975
8,801,657
42,602
1,544,164
1,896
42,336
2,044
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
509
960
7,840
0
1,084
1,948,421
8,351,503
5
29,383
470,214
124,179,100
26,798,41 1
29,782,234
9,522,687
6,610
367,858,480
73,715,605
1,289,574
28,564,565
11,512,529
9,709,193
51,002,585
50,414,310
24,566,881
17,406
3,221,039
6,640,834
483,193
1,097,524
248,875
155,945,052
191,816,111
15,600,738
3,988,687
1,188,679,989
622,356,700
20,515,673
36,114
17,094,449
4,441,965
1,663,266
3,487,312
31,111,642
1,298,217
17,900
17,676,496
109,756,557
170,498
2,902,105
37,711
5,492,594
90,280
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
976
0
0
0
16,298
103,159
2
1,982
0
19,152
583
1,601
11,853
85,383
47
972
45,126
10,162
0
335
1,267
0
2,232
0
31,543
618,605
0
1,903
45,633
2,875,773
1,517,906
0
1,503
114
78
239
16,961
0
0
73,729
598,929
0
0
0
58
4
125
-------
Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
Table 2-10. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by Chemical, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered), Continued.
CAS
N'umber©
132-64-9
106-93-4
84-74-2
25321-22-6
9S-50-1
541-73-1
106-46-7
91-94-1
75-27-4
764-41-0
75-71-8
107-06-2
540-59-0
1717-00-6
75-09-2
120-83-2
78-87-5
78-88-6
542-75-6
76-14-2
34077-87-7
306-83-2
62-73-7
115-32-2
1 1 1-42-2
117-81-7
84-66-2
64-67-5
94-58-6
1 19-90-4
57-14-7
105-67-9
131-11-3
77-78-1
99-65-0
528-29-0
100-25-4
534-52-1
51-28-5
121-14-2
606-20-2
25321-14-6
123-91-1
106-89-8
1 10-80-5
140-88-5
100-41-4
541-41-3
74-85-1
107-21-1
—
Chemical
Dibenzofuran
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Dibutyl phthalate
Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dlchlorobromomethane
1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
1 , 1 -Dichloro- 1 -fluoroethane
(HCFC-I41b)
Diehloromethane
2,4-DichIorophenoI
1 ,2-DichIoropropane
2,3-Dlchloropropene
1 ,3-Dichloropropylene
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
(CFC-114)
Dichlorotrifluoroethane
2,2-Dichloro- 1,1,1 -tri-
fluoroethane (HCFC-123)
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Diethanolamine
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl sulfate
Dihydrosafrole
3,3'-Dimethaxybenzidine
1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine
2,4-DimethyIphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl sulfate
m-Dinitrobenzene
o-Dinitrobenzene
p-Dinilrobenzene
4,6-Dinilro-o-crcsoI
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers)
1 ,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
2-EthoxyethanoI
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl chloroformate
Ethylene
Ethylene glycol
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid,
salts and esters
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
93,923
5,015
41,908
0
4,477,061
823
5,373,248
0
0
0
963,343
67,353,210
510,000
5,590,507
60,442,075
1,412
55,000,024
6,400,000
26,057,000
14,900
0
0
80
270
38,462
3,008,485
278,899
0
0
0
0
48,340
8,873
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
117,534
6,701,226
7,000
119
19,076,075
0
336,088,862
221,408,060
2,700
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
26,485
82
23,124
0
2,518,193
7,504
7,249
0
0
0
196,654
15,611,294
2,400
280,756
20,783,673
0
0
0
5,007
20,995
0
680
0
0
263,891
5,984,454
569,620
6,100,000
0
0
46
46,066
576
35,803
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23,707
0
304,696
38,770
4,929,958
0
0
1 19,877,285
0
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
11,000
1,800
294,706
20,649
303,389
44,000
0
0
0
12,930
0
32,709,481
2,426,000
0
12,010,971
0
25,700,000
2,200,000
22,800,000
0
0
0
0
0
103,860
150,969
150,778
0
0
0
0
1,287,320
192,701
3
670
5
0
1,057,120
276,162
992
248
0
1,168,286
432,000
559,365
7,563,754
37,291,804
0
726,539,554
15,497,276
0
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
0
3
229,843
2,566
771,983
0
2,730
12,000
• 0
120,014
1,106
636,889
0
96,710
3,807,830
0
1
0
1,703
0
0
0
300
0
84,260
280,218
87,890
76
0
0
0
43,303
73,692
0
0
0
0
74
0
1,187
156
200
618,867
184,943
210,478
1,580,036
9,106,041
70
9,961,634
7,611,265
0
126
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
PREVMIIN
Table 2-1 0, Cont.
Chemical
Dibenzofuran
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Dibutyl phthalate
Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlorobromomethane
1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
1 , 1 -Dichloro- 1 -fluoroethane
(HCFC-141b)
Dichloromethane
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
2,3-Dichloropropene
1 ,3-Dichloropropylene
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
(CFC-114)
Dichlorotrifluoroethane
2,2-Dichloro- 1,1,1 -tri-
nuoroethanc (HCFC-123)
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Diethanolamine
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl sulfate
Dihydrosafrole
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
1,1 -Dimethyl hydrazine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl sulfate
m-Dinitrobenzene
o-Dinitrobenzene
p-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers)
1 ,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl chloroformate
Ethylene
Ethylene glycol
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid,
salts and esters
Treated
On-site
Pounds
56,711
13,532
146,432
26,032
168,885
14
26,180
19,435
0
1,250,000
352,709
64,471,449
4,430,024
436,200
18,927,711
, 125,546
20,023,630
2,260,000
6,280,671
229,059
10,000
0
63
0
2,635,988
608.427
346,513
4,082
0
483
2,604
334,334
437,415
209,888
503,598
408,812
17,568
13,000
880,000
19,715
16,626
209,814
1,266,311
9,786,734
736,710
480,010
15,851,341
9,289
377,166,282
63,548,878
335
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
162
58,248
144,570
211
2,160,268
3,126
232,551
15,021
0
120,000
158,287
1,202,731
23
1,122,530
12,334,437
0
2,041
560,000
1 1,065
19,651
0
53,420
578
170
1.360,953
394,994
283,895
5,822
0
33
3,318
34,309
107,455
0
0
0
0
10,835
12,371
0
0
586,750
385,709
921,870
388,287
56,683
1,830,511
700
66,460
32,481,157
24,614
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
44,292
11,490
434,446
3,545
308,973
10,732
264,330
650
0
3,906
4,840,997
1,952,786
15,101
7,950,683
69,053,033
12,580
712,229
47,039
24,711
1,328,596
450
131,277
1,096
1
1,027,686
2,434,924
163,565
7,978
552
8
748
126,491
236,713
5,885
5,719
727
197
5,837
39,395
2,298
890
50,623
557,176
488,716
232,165
176,956
15,341,735
3,251
35,442,835
17,955,396
1,242
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
232,573
90,170
1,315,029
53,003
10,708,752
66,199
5,906,288
47,106
0
1,506,850
6,513,096
183,937,840
7,383,548
15,477,386
197,359,730
139,538
101,437,925
11,467,039
55,180,157
1,613,201
10,450
185,377
2,117
441
5,515,100
12,862,471
1,881,160
6,117,958
552
524
6,716
1,920,163
1,057,425
251,579
509,987
409,544
17,765
1,086,866
1,207,928
24,192
17,920
847,387
4,137,590
18,515,489
2,438,701
9,896,328
103,427,465
13,310
1,485,265,627
478,379,317
28,891
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
25,302
21,604
0
88
3,627
104
43,462
0
0
15
50,504
67,083
526
4,969
61,074
0
215
0
0
0
0
0
6,287
0
16,081
2,201
555
0
0
0
0
2
2,276
0
95,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,000
618
5,118
99,636
4,547
205,302
5
152,169
435,865
0
127
-------
Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-10. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by Chemical, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered), Continued.
CAS
Number®
151-56-4
75-21-8
96-45-7
75-34-3
2164-17-2
50-00-0
64-18-6
76-13-1
—
76-44-8
1 18-74-1
87-68-3
77-47-4
67-72-1
70-30-4
302-01-2
10034-93-2
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
123-31-9
78-84-2
67-63-0
80-05-7
7439-92-1
—
58-89-9
108-31-6
109-77-3
12427-38-2
7439-96-5
—
7439-97-6
—
126-98-7
67-56-1
72-43-5
109-86-4
96-33-3
79-22-1
1634-04-4
101-14-4
101-68-8
74-95-3
101-77-9
78-93-3
60-34-4
74-88-4
108-10-1
624-83-9
80-62-6
109-06-8
90-94-8
1313-27-5
Chemical
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Ethylidene dichloride
Fluometuron
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
Freon 1 13
Glycol ethers
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloro- 1 ,3-butadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroe thane
Hexachlorophene
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydroquinone
Isobutyraldehyde
Isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing)
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol
Lead
Lead compounds
Lindane
Malcic anhydride
Malononitrile
Maneb
Manganese
Manganese compounds
Mercury
Mercury compounds
Methacrylonitrile
Methanol
Mcthoxychlor
2-Methoxyethanol
Methyl acrylate
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Methyl tert-butyl ether
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate)
Methylene bromide
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methylpyridine
Michler's ketone
Molybdenum trioxide
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
2,708,276
0
150,000
0
100,021,993
550
6,564,016
99,339,310
0
61,700
260,000
0
435,000
0
0
0
261,331,683
75,303
67,527,955
3,802
2,485
453,686
31,484
119,673,015
523,496,788
344
3,585
0
956
26,761,432
83,384,761
838,500
90,242
0
537,178,714
0
2,269,999
940,001
0
238,880
720
31,667
2,006,200
1,900
66,098,820
0
0
54,877,123
0
4,667,970
140,000
0
5,571,077
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
0
27,875
780
0
0
124,952
0
1,950,103
4,292,279
0
1
0
0
0
0
46
0
58,676,372
0
214,846
0
0
39,579
297,938
46,388,271
295,991,458
0
1,477
0
0
83,013,913
52,142,486
21,252
3,685
0
17,423,208
0
4,300
25,098
0
17,183
0
399,105
0
0
21,196,120
0
0
16,974,510
0
21,967
0
0
3,052,598
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
940
0
669,000
0
6,820,438
1,610,000
0
20,464,272
0
0
170,000
0
199,270
0
0
0
84,274
43,141,554
37,909
1,068,662
2,208,563
9,511,388
8,838,789
46,177
0
0
2,639,632
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
335,791,168
0
520,775
161,043
0
149,761
0
261,388
0
92,806
94,269,472
0
160
35,412,662
0
3,049,923
52,000
0
0
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
0
1
0
3,900
0
297,020
39,933
163,037
14,587,324
0
0
0
200
61,000
0
0
0
8,667,41 1
51
0
3,900
623,972
314,316
59,292
11,265
70,876
0
135,235
0
0
421
44,084
0
0
0
78,727,556
0
1,546,314
358,912
0
913,778
5,748
113,463
1,300
5,862
47,569,206
0
240
18,886,033
0
1,354,018
2,102
145
0
128
-------
Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-10, Cont.
Chemical
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Ethylidene dichloride
Fluometuron
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloro- 1 ,3-butadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachlorophene
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydroquinone
Isobutyraldehyde
Isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing)
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol
Lead
Lead compounds
Lindane
Maleic anhydride
Malononitrile
Maneb
Manganese
Manganese compounds
Mercury
Mercury compounds
Methacrylonitrile
Methanol
Methoxychlor
2-Methoxyethanol
Methyl aery late
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Methyl tert-butyl ether
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate)
Methylene bromide
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methylpyridine
Michler's ketone
Molybdenum trioxide
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
7,260,540
1
680,000
0
77,492,668
89,222,455
280,047,264
32,814,456
3,900
2,151,738
4,445,710
249,000
11,185,582
0
101,341
2,300
1,936,246,211
20,653,114
118,947,078
361,348
576,124
23,903
1,580,195
1,236,907
31,945,152
0
30,265,310
0
30
345,939
437,395
11,065
0
0
920,822,203
0
4,601,024
1,382,130
9,310
3,310,888
75
796,728
97,228
50,125
62,307,378
457
180
16,549,233
71,030
2,970,916
14,000
0
13,950
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
0
84,036
8,538
1
4,410
3,463,489
2,031,004
1,106,697
14,272,906
4,400
64,272
59,990
29,800
18,650
30,970
8,367
2,300
72,036,146
7,605
2,643,027
176,435
98,870
23,962
118,682
603,414
5,144,249
629
835,227
245
1,938
484,189
4,548,777
2,458
17
0
122,852,817
0
1,388,604
108,339
0
782,521
2,195
577,520
1,149
173,189
6,546,417
5
270
2,062,305
0
1,053,451
20,033
0
400,767
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
0
747,185
2,886
23,468
430
19,820,649
11,222,267
5,078,294
49,960,881
830
941,812
2,078
8,930
368,005
0
20,582
230,002
226,303,479
3,121,205
8,052,905
508,171
542,029
1,030,518
1,410,885
2,538,538
31,004,058
385
279.417
153,889
397
23,879,192
60,845,164
24,445
28,813
79,999
264,154,976
16
679,255
262,858
4,880
3,272,879
25
1,153,425
77,695
59,243
80,107,774
0
32,783
25,615,023
19,731
3,253,772
173,455
999
851,398
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
0
10,828,853
12,205
1,526,369
4,840
208,041,209
104,126,209
294,909,411
235,731,428
9,130
3,219,523
4,937,778
287,930
12,267,507
30,970
130,336
234,602
2,563,345,576
66,998,832
197,423,720
2,122,318
4,052,043
11,397,352
12,337,265
170,497,587
887,652,581
1,358
. 34,159,883
154,134
3,321
134,485,086
201,402,667
897,720
122,757
79,999
2,276,950,642
16
11,010,271
3,238,381
14,190
8,685,890
8,763
3,333,296
2,183,572
383,125
378,095,187
462
33,633
170,376,889
90,761
16,372,017
401,590
1,144
9,889,790
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
0
12,428
0
32
0
386,360
1,060
30,651
39,499
480
8,429
560,090
1
110,114
0
0
0
392,061
21,663
13,941
80
4
5
14,000
2,549
4,969,272
0
2,777
0
13,000
7,370
1,816,513
56
5
0
391,298
0
10
2
0
262,516
0
1,643
0
1
46,835
0
0
19,221
4
72,549
0
0
3,767
129
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-10. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by Chemical, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered), Continued.
CAS
Number®
76-15-3
91-20-3
134-32-7
7440-02-0
—
7697-37-2
139-13-9
99-59-2
98-95-3
55-63-0
99-55-8
88-75-5
100-02-7
79-46-9
156-10-5
121-69-7
86-30-6
123-63-7
56-38-2
76-01-7
87-86-5
79-21-0
108-95-2
106-50-3
90-43-7
75-44-5
7664-38-2
7723-14-0
85-44-9
88-89-1
—
1336-36-3
23950-58-5
1120-71-4
123-38-6
114-26-1
115-07-1
75-55-8
75-56-9
1 10-86-1
91-22-5
106-51-4
82-68-8
81-07-2
7782-49-2
—
7440-22-4
—
100-42-5
96-09-3
7664-93-9
630-20-6
79-34-5
127-18-4
Chemical
Monochloropentafluoroethane
(CFC-115)
Naphthalene
alpha-Naphthylamine
Nickel
Nickel compounds
Nitric acid
Nitrilotriacetic acid
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
Nitrobenzene
Nitroglycerin
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2-Nitropropane
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N,N-Dimetnylaniline
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Paraldehyde
Parathion
Pentachloroethane
Pentachlorophenol
Peracetic acid
Phenol
p-Phenylenediamine
2-Phenylphenol
Phosgene
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus (yellow or white)
Phthalic anhydride
Picric acid
Polybrominated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Pronamide
Propane sultone
Propionaldehyde
Propoxur
Propylene
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
Pyridine
Quinoline
Quinone
Quintozene
Saccharin (manufacturing)
Selenium
Selenium compounds
Silver
Silver compounds
Styrene
Styrene oxide
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)®
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
30,300
16,856,917
0
41,474,166
21,033,218
34,802,605
1,840
0
5,175,345
14,210
0
0
0
0
0
52,500
0
0
0
1,500,000
105,705
21,060
38,574,604
0
0
0
207,319,461
1,208
527,847
0
0
0
2,100
0
0
0
190,030,400
0
11,716
1,991,787
2,168
0
6,328
0
0
343,313
330,239
291,857
7,585,916
23
1,261,886,360
2,500,000
4,740,000
56,920,709
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
0
436,815
0
78,202,733
32,291,880
3,902,833
0
0
3,603
690
0
0
0
3,300
0
0
0
0
0
0
228
0
479,321
0
0
0
11,128,655
206,133
2,781
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
66
4,178
4,178
0
0
0
28,325
136,856
815,529
1,494,780
900,424
0
244,770,224
0
2,227,120
7,634,068
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
6,067,030
0
0
0
23,000
0
0
1,577,630
0
0
0
0
1,584
9,100
0
0
46,230
0
140,000
0
0
18,573,912
43,000
110
380
12,000
0
2,272,095
387,228
0
0
0
0
2,081,855
0
687,026,163
0
2,645,309
1,910,784
280,592
9,868
13,000
0
0
0
0
0
27,782,188
35,337
92,640
0
958,000
10,715,929
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
0
1,136,445
0
9,187
1,044
3
0
0
24,293
0
0
0
0
1,779
16,000
640,609
0
49
0
0
24,856
0
3,546,324
0
0
0
44,563
0
4,186,515
13
0
0
0
0
12,950
0
2,159,273
0
5,214
129,141
7,500
0
0
0
0
30
3
0
5,315,303
0
69,844
0
0
893,544
130
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-10, Cont.
Chemical
Monochloropentafluoroethane
(CFC-115)
Naphthalene
alpha-Naphthylamine
Nickel
Nickel compounds
Nitric acid
Nitrilotriacetic acid
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
Nitrobenzene
Nitroglycerin
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2-Nitropropane
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Paraldehyde
Parathion
Pentachloroethane
Pentachlorophenol
Peracetic acid
Phenol
p-Phenylenediamine
2-Phenylphenol
Phosgene
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus (yellow or white)
Phthalic anhydride
Picric acid
Polybrominated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Pronamide
Propane sultone
Propionaldehyde
Propoxur
Propylene
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
Pyridine
Quinoline
Quinone
Quintozene
Saccharin (manufacturing)
Selenium
Selenium compounds
Silver
Silver compounds
Styrene
Styrene oxide
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)®
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Treated
On-site
Pounds
103,718
9,789,166
0
1,479,903
1,207,655
263,397,385
398,169
0
585,708
303,371
0
348,379
73,000
79,484
0
50,972
0
260,000
0
91,025
42,203
84,180
28,522,902
915,974
423,403
14,023,971
387,132,377
39,006
18,908,160
285,129
0
0
0
0
1,134,524
0
243,323,866
1,748
9,278,622
543,969
51,342
130,000
17
10,000
0
0
99,763
2,958,879
11,725,933
0
1,730,952,568
260,000
8,551,216
21,514.333
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
561
589,168
0
1,140,364
1,521,384
14,335,424
2,080
0
457,379
105,864
92
20,989
583,000
29
0
219,207
200,000
0
1,143
2,500
63,695
1,960
6,074,512
27,068
2,195
158
5,472,773
7,655
248,253
836
0
154,532
1,100
0
385
1,942
280,114
0
159,078
525,691
38,532
26,186
543,123
10
1,202
31,107
289
12,594
4,228,315
0
15,545,913
117,028
40,020
2,144,993
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
327.948
3,586,853
2
3,844.918
5,533,558
23,954,649
3,261
0
857,008
47,137
13
85
1,000
40,298
24
92,683
0
17
16,375
1,128
60,846
30,233
13.352,511
9,236
44.305
7.499
59,086.815
64,773
528.181
43,966
899
26,653
300
0
579,862
35
20,412,740
385
1,106,260
468,423
93,768
14,001
2,566
1,519
597
211,940
16,447
53,134
43,802,296
57
44,297,411
11,749
13,684
10,785,921
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
462,527
38,462,394
2
126,151,271
61,588,739
340,415,899
405,350
0
8,680,966
471,272
105
369,453
657,000
126,474
25,124
1,055,971
200,000
306,296
17,518
1,734,653
297,533
137,433
109,124,086
995,278
470,013
14,032,008
670,196,644
318,775
26,673,832
717,172
899
181,185
3,500
0
3,809,576
1,977
1,143,232,556
2,133
13,206,265
5,573,973
478,080
180,055
565,034
11,529
30,124
723,246
1,262,270
4,811,244
101,340,375
35,417
3,297,614,960
2,888,777
16,530,040
110,609,497
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
0
214,550
0
11,665
1,045,111
219,100
0
0
1,750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
251
0
23,766
102
3
807
22,555,154
47,325
164,079
0
0
107,422
0
0
432
0
184,299
0
9,191
28
757
0
2,002
0
0
3,800
956
1,307
388,970
0
144,548
0
60
42,944
131
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Chapters—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
KHUN
Table 2-10. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, by Chemical, 1994 (Alphabetically Ordered), Continued.
CAS
Number®
961-11-5
7440-28-0
—
62-56-6
137-26-8
1314-20-1
755045-0
108-88-3
584-84-9
91-08-7
26471-62-5
95-53-4
52-68-6
120-82-1
71-55-6
79-00-5
79-01-6
75-69-4
88-06-2
1582-09-8
95-63-6
51-79-6
7440-62-2
108-05-4
593-60-2
75-01-4
75-35-4
1330-20-7
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
87-62-7
7440-66-6
—
—
—
Chemical
Tetrachlorvinphos
Thallium
Thallium compounds
Thiourea
Thiram
Thorium dioxide
Titanium tetrachloride
Toluene
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
Toluenediisocyanate
(mixed isomers)
o-Toluidine
Trlchlorfon
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-1 1)
2,4,6-Triehlorophenol
Trifluralin
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Urethane
Vanadium (fume or dust)
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidene chloride
Xylene (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
2,6-Xylidine
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zinc compounds
Mixtures and other trade names
Trade secrets
Total for AH TRI Chemicals
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
16,075
27,482
0
0
23,128
0
0
1,022,017,402
584
99
21,300
49
70
36,737
71,974,733
14,275,000
248,092,051
68,811
0
1,220
16,818,609
0
135,004
6,488,533
0
301,099,066
400,000
124,414,107
609,216
423,194
763,112
0
20,028,493
163,562,165
323,948
1,870,000
8,406,829,703
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
0
4,615
0
0
11,261
0
3,500
23,356,695
59,000
7,800
9,030
0
0
10,765
6,890,719
11,158,658
8,462,852
137,530
0
0
1,101,814
0
7,336
550,993
0
19,273
140
39,374,517
174,852
49,072
2,005
0
84,482,496
244,871,914
3,944
597,825
2,516,993,374
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
240,295,525
58,686
14,672
5,300,200
342,900
0
28,219
2,893,185
10,640,000
2,379,037
859,373
0
0
5,241,054
0
0
14,222,230
0
12,684,596
16,000
170,294,546
4,422,579
37,088,018
1,670,795
22,015
0
58,249
342,827,675
1,400,000
3,422,556,168
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
1,013
0
0
81,028,606
26,282
6,232
27,488
110,697
0
53,791
1,898,289
135,425
1,192,486
190,960
0
0
2,296,594
0
0
7,743,616
0
14,029
105
76,546,202
45,221
2,554,666
17,708
0
130,647
263,233
29,401
850
469,207,613
132
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
HHMIMN
Table 2-10, Cont.
Chemical
Tetrachlorvinphos
Thallium
Thallium compounds
Thiourea
Thiram
Thorium dioxide
Titanium tetrachloride
Toluene
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
Toluenediisocyanate
(mixed isomers)
o-Toluidine
Trichlorfon
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-1 1)
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Trifluralin
1 ,2,4-Trimethy Ibenzene
Urethane
Vanadium (fume or dust)
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidene chloride
Xylene (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
2,6-Xylidine
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zinc compounds
Mixtures and other trade names
Trade secrets
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
3,860
562
0
23,244,683
155,607,346
3,733
833
2,863,651
110,844
211
734,646
1,146,568
25,729,768
6,004,328
221,700
1,060,598
100,294
12,963,754
0
0
13,866,895
13
36,256,838
9,393,764
64,105,008
3,641,325
3,094,628
1,729,790
1,362
2,214,521
3,811,473
27,855
170,752
8,659,057,321
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
16,814
5
0
2,109
7,096
0
317,582
17,645,405
32,144
3,295
218,890
181,797
160
543,533
2,420,884
4,755,527
2,798,413
261,275
0
14,305
372,063
6,939
31
1,384,417
0
158,934
223,229
9,179,879
10,749
346,525
4,630
722
717,317
16,186,744
309,882
0
557,327,180
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
2,969
65
36
13,818
59,535
0
21,928
164,627,303
33,623
19,658
57,801
42,579
40
188,502
37,826,474
308,959
29,980,770
3,008,341
264
24,031
7,618,066
15,076
81,658
5,030,656
2,600
1,091,425
166,868
109,582,235
971,081
1,459,600
3,414,014
238
12,015,279
150,283,170
276,687
34,960
2,514,582,556
Total Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
35,861
32,167
36
19,787
102,595
0
23,587,693
1,704,578,282
214,052
52,589
8,498,360
788,866
481
1,596,193
125,050,852
67,003,337
298,909,937
4,747,990
1,060,862
139,850
46,411,954
22,015
224,029
49,287,340
2,613
351,324,161
10,200,106
593,496,494
9,875,023
45,015,703
7,602,054
24,337
119,588,753
579,036,948
343,799,392
4,074,387
26,546,553,915
Non-Production
related
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
983
256,389
0
0
5,736
2
0
12,322
45,887
2,676
40,215
9,762
0
8,529
11,533
2,500
0
4,585
0
30,402
250
317,767
2,899
1,008
18,439
0
10,648
14,161,510
7,244
18
78,702,327
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
These quantities may include significant amounts of non-aerosol forms of sulfuric acid.
133
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
COMPARING WASTE
MANAGEMENT DATA TO
RELEASE AND TRANSFER DATA
On-site releases of toxic chemicals to the
environment are reported in Section 5 of the
TRI reporting form, and off-site transfers are
reported in Section 6. Both on-site and off-site
management of toxic chemicals in waste is
reported in Section 8, although it is aggregated
differently.
Release estimates in section 5 of the form
include releases which result from routine
production operations, as well as releases which
result from one-time events, such as accidents or
clean-up operations. The same is true of transfer
estimates reported in section 6. However, in
section 8, waste resulting from routine produc-
tion operations (sections 8.1 through 8.7) is
reported separately from non-production related
waste, which is reported only in section 8.8.
If a facility does not report any non-production
related waste in section 8.8, the release and
transfer data in sections 5 and 6 should match
the on-site and off-site waste management
quantities in sections 8.1 through 8.7. For
example, the quantity of a TRI chemical
transferred off-site for recycling (section 6)
should approximately equal the quantity of the
chemical reported as recycled off-site (section
8.5). However, if a facility reports any non-
production related waste in section 8.8, this will
not be true. In that case, quantities in sections 5
and 6 may be higher than the corresponding
quantities in sections 8.1 through 8.7, because
part of the section 5 and 6 quantities will be in
section 8.8 instead of 8.1 through 8.7.
Table 2-11 compares the release and transfer
quantities from sections 5 and 6 to the relevant
waste management quantities in section 8. The
comparison shows some discrepancies in this
reporting. The largest discrepancy on a
percentage basis was in off-site treatment.
Transfers off-site for treatment reported in
section 6 exceeded off-site treatment reported in
section 8 by 59.1 million pounds, or 10.6%. One
facility in Alabama reported nearly 29 million
pounds of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene transferred
off-site for treatment in section 6, but only 5
pounds treated off-site in section 8. The largest
discrepancy between sections 5 and 6 and
section 8 in terms of pounds was found in off-
site recycling (60.9 million pounds). One
facility in Wyoming reported 41.6 million
pounds of sulfuric acid recycled off-site in
section 8, but zero pounds transferred off-site
for recycling in section 6. EPA provided some
guidelines for reducing these discrepancies
during the 1993 reporting year and anticipates
that promulgation of final guidance for reporting
the PPA data will further reduce these
discrepancies.
Table 2-11. Difference in Release and Transfer Data and Waste Management Data, 1994.
Management Activity
Off-site Recycling
Off-site Energy Recovery
Off-site Treatment
Releases and Off-site Disposal
Quantity
Reported in
Section 8
Pounds
2,516,993,374
469,207,613
557,327,180
2,514,582,556
Quantity
Reported in
Sections 5 and 6
Pounds
2,456,120,948
464,206,483
616,410,795
2,561,413,613
Difference
Pounds
-60,872,426
-5,001,130
59,083,615
46,831,057
Difference as
Percent of
Section 8
Quantity
Percent
-2.4
-1.1
10.6
1.9
134
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
UNDERSTANDING WHAT
SPECIFIC ELEMENTS MEAN
Quantities recycled. Some facilities believe
that what is to be reported as recycled off-site in
Section 8 is inherently different from what is to
be reported as transferred off-site for recycling
in Section 6. They believe that section 6 off-site
transfers should include only quantities of toxic
chemicals in waste, while off-site recycling
reported in Section 8 should include quantities
of toxic chemicals in materials that are not
considered waste by the facility. For example, a
facility which ships silver residuals off-site to a
jewelry manufacturer may decide to report the
transfer in Section 8 but not in Section 6,
because although the facility considers the silver
recycled off-site, it does not consider the silver
to be "in waste." EPA is considering these
issues as it develops final guidance for reporting
quantities recycled both on- and off-site.
Facilities also differ ia how they calculate the
quantity of a chemical recycled on-site. For
example, a facility may use a total of 15,000
pounds of 1,1,1-trichloroethane for cleaning and
other purposes during the reporting year,
recycling it 15 times for a total recovery of
225,000 pounds of the chemical during that
year. This quantity is much greater than the
amount of the toxic chemical that was used at
the facility, but reflects the amount of 1,1,1-
trichloroethane in waste managed at the facility
during the reporting year. Although many
facilities would report this as 225,000 pounds
recycled on-site, not all facilities would report it
in this manner. Some facilities may choose to
report this quantity as 15,000 pounds.
Quantities combusted for energy recovery.
Facilities are instructed not to report metals or
metal compounds, as well as other chemicals
that have no significant fuel value, as combusted
for energy recovery. Some facilities do not
follow these instructions. In the case of metal
FMVMIIN
compounds, the parent metals do not contribute
heating value to the combusted waste and are
either ultimately discharged to air or remain in
the ash, which is usually disposed of.
Quantities treated on-site. Facilities were
instructed to include in this data element only
those quantities of TRI chemicals which are
destroyed through treatment. However, some
facilities have misinterpreted how to report
these quantities. This is evident in Table 2-8,
which includes three metal compound cate-
gories among the top 25 chemicals reported as
treated with large quantities reported as treated
on-site. Although parent metals in metal
compounds may be removed from waste, they
are not destroyed through on-site treatment.
Therefore, these metal compounds should not be
reported as treated on-site. Such misreporting
incorrectly characterizes the ultimate disposition
of the chemical in waste. For example, the
parent metals in metal compounds ultimately are
released or disposed of and that final disposition
should be reported.
Quantities treated off-site. In reporting
transfers off-site, facilities are instructed to
provide the ultimate known disposition of the
toxic chemical. For example, in a situation
where a metal is sent off-site and stabilized prior
to disposal in a landfill, the quantity of the metal
sent off-site should be reported as disposed of,
not treated, off-site in both Sections 6 and 8 of
Form R. There may be situations, however,
where the facility does not know whether the
TRI chemical is destroyed through treatment or
what the final disposition of the chemical is.
Therefore, quantities reported as treated off-site
can sometimes represent amounts that are
ultimately released or disposed of. This is the
case whenever metal compounds are reported as
treated off-site because the parent metals will
not be destroyed and will ultimately be released
or disposed of.
135
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IffiffiM
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Similar occurrences can be found with transfers
to POTWs. Facilities are instructed to consider
all quantities transferred to POTWs as trans-
ferred off-site for treatment for the purpose of
reporting in Section 8 of Form R. However,
POTWs can have varying levels of treatment
capabilities, which means that a TRI chemical
sent to a POTW may or may not be destroyed.
Metal compounds and certain organic chemicals
can be passed through a POTW, meaning that
they are discharged directly from the POTW or
are contained in the sludges from the POTW,
which are ultimately disposed of on land. When
such reporting occurs, quantities reported as
treated off-site represent amounts that are
ultimately released or disposed of.
SOURCE REDUCTION ACTIVITIES
In addition to reporting quantities of toxic
chemicals managed in waste, facilities must
provide information about any source reduction
activities they implemented during the reporting
year. Source reduction activities are undertaken
to reduce the amount of a toxic chemical which
enters a waste stream or is otherwise released to
the environment. By reducing the generation of
toxic chemicals in waste, source reduction
activities reduce the need to recycle, treat, or
dispose of toxic chemicals.
Box 2-2 explains source reduction as defined by
the PPA. Box 2-3 lists all of the reportable
source reduction activities and the categories in
which they are grouped.
A reported source reduction activity could have
been implemented at any time during the
reporting year. This is important to consider
when analyzing the impact that source reduction
activities may have had on the total quantity of
waste that had to be managed by a facility
during the year. The implementation of a source
reduction activity late in the reporting year
would have a smaller impact on the amount of
waste that was managed during the year than the
implementation of the same activity earlier in
the reporting year.
Table 2-12 shows the number and percentage of
facilities and forms reporting at least one source
reduction activity for 1991 through 1994. In
1994, 32.3% of all TRI facilities reported
implementing at least one source reduction
What is Source Reduction?
Through source reduction, risks to people and the environment can be reduced, financial and natural
resources can be saved that would otherwise have to be expended on environmental clean-up or pollution
control, and industrial processes can become more efficient. Source reduction is defined in the PPA as
any practice that:
« reduces the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any waste
stream or otherwise released into the environment (including fugitive emissions); and
• reduces the hazards to public health and the environment associated with the release of such
substances, pollutants, or contaminants.
Source reduction practices can include equipment, process, procedure, or technology modifications,
reformulation or redesign of products, substitution of raw materials, and improvements in maintenance
and inventory controls. Under this definition, waste management activities, including recycling,
treatment, and disposal, are not considered forms of source reduction.
Box 2-2. What Is Source Reduction?
136
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Chapters—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
prawn
Source Reduction Activity Codes
Good Operating Practices
W13 Improved maintenance scheduling, recordkeeping, or procedures
W14 Changed production schedule to minimize equipment and feedstock changeovers
W19 Other changes in operating practices
Inventory Control
W21 Instituted procedures to ensure that materials do not stay in inventory beyond shelf-life
W22 Began to test outdated material ~ continue to use if still effective
W23 Eliminated shelf-life requirements for stable materials
W24 Instituted better labelling procedures
W25 Instituted clearinghouse to exchange materials that would otherwise be discarded
W29 Other changes in inventory control
Spill and Leak Prevention
W31 Improved storage or stacking procedures
W32 Improved procedures for loading, unloading, and transfer operations
W33 Installed overflow alarms or automatic shut-off valves
W35 Installed vapor recovery systems
W36 Implemented inspection or monitoring program of potential spill or leak sources
W39 Other spill and leak prevention
Raw Material Modifications
W41 Increased purity of raw materials
W42 Substituted raw materials
W49 Other raw material modifications
Process Modifications
W51 Instituted recirculation within a process
W52 Modified equipment, layout, or piping
W53 Use of a different process catalyst
W54 Instituted better controls on operating bulk containers to minimize discarding of empty containers
W55 Changed from small volume containers to bulk containers to minimize discarding of empty containers
W58 Other process modifications
Cleaning and Degreasing
W59 Modified stripping/cleaning equipment
W60 Changed to mechanical stripping/cleaning devices (from solvents or other materials)
W61 Changed to aqueous cleaners (from solvents or other materials)
W63 Modified containment procedures for cleaning units
W64 Improved draining procedures
W65 Redesigned parts racks to reduce dragout
W66 Modified or installed rinse systems
W67 Improved rinse equipment design
W68 Improved rinse equipment operation
W71 Other cleaning and degreasing modifications
Surface Preparation and Finishing
W72 Modified spray systems or equipment
W73 Substituted coating materials used
W74 Improved application techniques
W75 Changed from spray to other system
W78 Other surface preparation and finishing modifications
Product Modifications
W81 Changed product specifications
W82 Modified design or composition
W83 Modified packaging
W89 Other product modifications
Box 2-3. Source Reduction Activity Codes.
137
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
Table 2-12. Facilities and Forms Reporting Source
Reduction Activity, 1991-1994.®
Year
1991
1992
1993
1994
Facilities Reporting
Source Reduction
Activity
As Percent
of All TRI
Facilities
Number Percent
8.24S 35.6
7,871 . 34.7
7,477 33.9
6,861 32.0
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activity
As Percent
ofAllTRI
Forms
Number Percent
19,117 26.1
18,152 25.5
17,424 25.1
16,184 24.0
activity. This represents a slight decline from
the 1993 level of 33.9% and the 1991 level of
35.6%. Facilities reported source reduction on
24.0% of their chemical-reporting forms in
1994, down from 25.1% in 1993 and 26.1% in
1991.
The categories or types of source reduction
activities that can be reported, as well as the
more specific activities reported under each
category, are shown in Box 2-3. Table 2-13
summarizes national source reduction activity
reporting by category for 1994. The most
frequently reported categories of source reduc-
tion activities were good operating practices
(12.1% of all forms), process modifications
(8.2% of all forms), and spill and leak preven-
tion activities (6.5% of all forms). These
categories were also the most frequently
reported in previous years.
Facilities are also required to report the methods
they used to identify the reported source
reduction activity. Table 2-14 shows how many
times each method was used to identify source
reduction activities during 1994. The most
frequently reported methods of identifying
opportunities for source reduction were
participative team management and internal
pollution prevention opportunity audits.
Table 2-15 shows how many facilities and
forms in each state reported source reduction
activities. Table 2-16 shows how often each
category of source reduction activity was
reported in each state. The states with the
highest percentages of facilities reporting at
least one source reduction activity in 1994 were
Table 2-13. Facilities and Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, by Category, 1994.
Source Reduction Activity
Category
Good Operating Practices
Inventory Control
Spill and Leak Prevention
Raw Material Modifications
Process Modifications
Cleaning and Degreasing
Surface Preparation/Finishing
Product Modifications
Any Source Reduction Activity®
Facilities Reporting
Source Reduction Activity
As Percent
ofAllTRI
Facilities
Number Percent
3,427 15.1
834 3.7
1,647 7.2
1,852 8.1
2,637 11.6
1,015 4.5
813 3.6
767 3.4
7,355 32.3
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction Activity©
Number
9,100
2,332
4,921
3,173
6,167
1,676
2,135
1,543
17,557
As Percent
of AH
TRI Forms
Percent
12.1
3,1 '
6.5
4.2
8.2
2.2
2.8
2.0
23.3
Docs not include dclisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
All source reduction activities on a form are counted in the corresponding category.
Totals do not equal the sum of the categories because facilities and forms may report more than one source reduction activity.
138
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
American Samoa (50%, based on just two
facilities), New Mexico (46.7%), Massachusetts
(46.2%), Maine (45.7%), and Minnesota
(45.2%). The states with the highest percentage
of forms reporting source reduction activities
were Hawaii (44.4%), New Mexico (41.5%),
Vermont (40.9%), and Minnesota (37.7%).
Table 2-17 shows the frequency of the methods
used to identify source reduction activities in
each state.
Table 2-18 shows the number of facilities and
forms in each industry group which reported
source reduction in 1994. The industries with
the highest percentage of facilities reporting
source reduction were measurements/photo-
graphic instruments (46.3%), furniture (44.1%),
printing (41.9%), and petroleum (41.6%). The
furniture, printing, and measurements/photo-
graphic instruments industries also had the
highest percentage of forms reporting source
reduction. Table 2-19 shows how often each
category of source reduction activity was
reported by each industry group. Methods used
to identify source reduction activities by
industry are listed in Table 2-20. Table 2-21
shows the number and percentage of facilities in
each industry group reporting source reduction
from 1991 to 1994. Table 2-22 shows the
number and percentage of TRI forms from each
industry group reporting source reduction from
1991 to 1994.
The top 50 chemicals for which source
reduction was reported are listed in Table 2-23.
Table 2-24 shows the number of times each
category of source reduction activity was
reported for the top 50 chemicals for source
reduction activity reporting. The chemicals for
which source reduction was reported most
frequently were toluene, xylene, and methyl
ethyl ketone. More than 36% of the forms for
each of these three chemicals reported source
reduction in 1994, compared to 23.3% of TRI
reporting forms for all chemicals.
Among the 50 chemicals in these tables, the
chemicals with the highest percentage of forms
reporting source reduction were Freon 113
(60.3%), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (49.0%), and
dichlorodifluoromethane, also known as
CFC-12 (40.2%). Production of each of these
three chemicals was to be phased out by January
1, 1996, because of their ozone-depleting
potential. This phase-out was required in a final
rule issued by EPA in 1993 to implement the
provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments
and the Montreal Protocol agreement (see
Chapter 1 and Appendix A).
Table 2-25 shows the methods used to identify
source reduction activities for the 50 chemicals
for which source reduction was reported most
often.
An explanation of the methods used to tabulate
source reduction activities, categories, and other
elements of source reduction reporting for
Tables 2-14 through 2-25 appears in Box 2-4,
following those tables.
139
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-14. Methods Used to Identify Source Reduction Activity for Each Source Reduction Activity (Number of
Times Each Method was Reported), 1994.
Source
Reduction
Activity
Good Operating Practices
W13
W14
Wi9
Inventory Control
W21
W22
W23
W24
W25
W29
Spill and Leak Prevention
\V3l
W32
W33
W3S
W36
W39
Raw Material Modifications
W41
W42
W49
Process Modifications
WSl
WS2
W53
W54
WSS
WS8
Cleaning and Dcgrcaslng
W59
W60
W6l
W63
W64
W65
W66
W67
W68
Surface Preparation/Finishing
W71
W72
W73
W74
W7S
W78
Product Modifications
WSl
W82
W83
W89
Total
Percent of Total
Pollution Prevention
Opportunity Audit
Internal
3,429
1,785
466
1,178
823
265
102
8
89
89
270
2,425
217
521
135
192
775
585
965
69
738
158
2,271
390
948
30
117
94
692
518
80
27
221
37
49
20
29
16
39
778
144
193
227
131
47
36
326
97
156
9
64
11,535
22.0
External
362
219
33
110
103
20
22
0
8
4
49
259
21
46
21
35
93
43
109
3
81
25
256
40
117
2
16
2
79
35
6
1
16
5
4
1
0
0
2
80
11
18
31
14
1
5
44
15
21
1
7
1,248
2,4
Materials
Balance
Audit
1,424
779
228
417
487
153
80
5
21
17
211
425
52
94
28
45
130
76
275
24
190
61
676
177
224
10
41
34
190
92
18
3
32
7
8
6
2
0
16
32S
43
96
82
86
11
7
70
26
26
0
18
3,774
7.2
Participative
Team
Management
4,914
2,113
982
1,819
1,199
366
201
9
152
75
396
2,111
215
531
172
122
608
463
1,218
96
942
180
2,922
502
1,042
51
145
234
948
630
89
28
239
55
67
31
31
13
77
1,028
188
172
323
235
58
52
688
168
385
29
106
14,710
28.0
Employee
Informal
1,639
760
309
570
381
126
73
4
40
28
no
843
160
243
56
22
196
166
393
57
282
54
1,056
172
397
22
52
112
301
219
18
3
53
32
29
22
26
9
27
256
46
69
50
67
7
17
177
48
106
10
13
4,964
9.5
Recommendation
Formal
Program
951 .
422
204
325
240
81
35
0
48
15 -
61
547
82
89
51
29
186
110
247
13
191
43
669
125
233
6
51
72
182
136
24
2
39
19
12
11
3
8
18
172
45
36
34
32
9
16
177
49
88
2
38
3,139
6.0
140
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
PREVENniN
Table 2-14.
Source
Reduction
Activity
Good Operating Practices
W13
W14
W19
Inventory Control
W21
W22
W23
W24
W25
W29
Spill and Leak Prevention
W31
W32
W33
W35
W36
W39
Raw Material Modifications
W41
W42
W49
Process Modifications
W51
W52
W53
W54
W55
W58
Cleaning and Degreasing
W59
W60
W61
W63
W64
W65
W66
W67
W68
Surface Preparation/Finishing
W71
W72
W73
W74
W75
W78
Product Modifications
W81
W82
W83
W89
Total
Percent of Total
State
Program
85
40
14
31
26
6
2
0
4
8
6
55
12
1
.0
7
18
17
26
0
20
6
41
3
20
1
1
0
16
14
2
0
7
0
2
0
0
1
2
38
9
14
8
5
0
2
10
1
9
0
0
295
0.6
' Federal
Program
19
15
0
4
9
2
0
0
0
1
6
44
5
7
1
4
16
11
13
0
11
2
11
5
1
0
1
0
4
10
2
2
4
0
0
1
0
0
1
10
2
0
1
7
0
0
16
15
1
0
0
132
0.3
Trade/
Industry
Program
453
189
46
218
149
22
1
2
13
7
104
281
22
76
8
30
95
50
181
15
128
38
308
25
81
10
21
13
158
70
10
4
34
4
9
3
1
3
2
258
14
100
67
67
2
8
175
27
126
3
19
1,875
3.6
Vendor
Assistance
899
440
88
371
277
148
16
1
14
29
69
498
53
136
32
63
164
50
1,277
107
863
307
1,003
130
357
57
71
153
235
294
48
13
148
16
18
7
18
10
16
1,215
102
270
506
255
29
53
387
147
189
19
32
5,850
11.1
Other
1,206
372
118
716
333
93
40
1
10
43
146
813
60
88
41
88
291
245
574
13
402
159
1,058
88
311
13
63
58
525
137
20
9
68
6
8
3
19
1
3
435
41
65
142
126
31
30
416
138
174
4
100
4,972
9.5
Total Number
of Times
Reported
15,381
7,134
2,488
5,759
4,027
1,282
572
30
399
316
1,428
8,301
899
1,832
545
637
2,572
1,816
5,278
397
3,848
1,033
10,271
1,657
3,731
202
579
772
3,330
2,155
317
92
861
181
206
105
129
61
203
4,595
645
1,033
1,471
1,025
195
226
2,486
731
1,281
77
397
52,494
100.0
Percent of
Total
Reported
29.3
13.6
4.7
11.0
7.7
2.4
1.1
O.I
0.8
0.6
2.7
15.8
1.7
3.5
1.0
1.2
4.9
3.5 .
10.1
0.8
7.3
2.0
19.6
3.2
7.1
0.4
1.1 .
1.5
6.3
4.1
0.6
0.2
1.6
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
8.8
1.2
2.0
2.8
2.0
0.4
0.4
4.7
1.4
2.4
0.1
0.8
100.0
141
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-15. Number of TRI Facilities and Forms Reporting Source Reduction, by State, 1994.
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
TRI
Facilities
Number
526
14
2
185
394
1,632
189
359
71
5
510
729
17
67
1.367
1,042
414
281
423
325
105
205
541
956
502
329
578
24
163
41
108
673
45
768
906
34
1,685
275
260
1,231
171
150
486
66
672
1,215
159
37
3
462
301
151
863
27
22,744
Facilities Reporting Source
Reduction Activities
Number
151
2
1
72
101
637
65
141
23
0
155
217
4
16
388
338
117
93
107
100
48
67
250
318
227
93
174
6
47
15
35
213
21
263
300
12
469
72
99
389
47
43
163
15
246
397
55
15
0
127
98
54
240
9
7,355
Percent of
All Facilities
28.7
14.3
50.0
38.9
25.6
39.0
34.4
39.3
32.4
0.0
30.4
29.8
23.5
23.9
28.4
32.4
28.3
33.1
25.3
30.8
45.7
32.7
46.2
33.3
45.2
28.3
30.1
25.0
28.8
36.6
32.4
31.6
46.7
34.2
33.1
35.3
27.8
26.2
38.1
31.6
27.5
28.7
33.5
22.7
36.6
32.7
34.6
40.5
0.0
27.5
32.6
35.8
27.8
33.3
32.3
TRI
Forms
Number
1,930
64
3
479
1,279
4,512
532
996
246
8
1,357
2,311
63
175
4,687
3,466
1,227
944
1,600
2,008
337
635
1,466
3,501
1,386
1,100
1,866
138
474
98
292
2,336
164
2,329
2,733
93
5,665
862
740
4,003
510
390
1,839
123
2,174
5,620
543
88
27
1,499
954
688
2,639
133
75,332
Forms Reporting Source
Reduction Activities
Number
428
7
1
151
215
1,496
136
257
38
0
310
534
28
33
1,042
858
264
232
255
351
90
135
499
809
522
232
368
22
108
25
65
508
68
577
678
17
1,125
167
186
936
84
95
363
20
552
1,277
134
36
0
292
233
131
545
22
17,557
Percent of
All Forms
22.2
10.9
33.3
31.5
16.8
33.2
25.6
25.8
15.4
0.0
22.8
23.1
44.4
18.9
22.2
24.8
21.5
24.6
15.9
17.5
26.7
21.3
34.0
23.1
37.7
21.1
19.7
15.9
22.8
25.5
22.3
21.7
41.5
24.8
24.8
18.3
19.9
19.4
25.1
23.4
16.5
24.4
19.7
16.3
25.4
22.7
24.7
40.9
0.0
19.5
24.4
19.0
20.7
16.5
23.3
142
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-16. Number of Times Source Reduction Activity Reported, by Category, by State, 1994.
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Category of Source Reduction Activity
Good
Operating
Practices
293
2
1
63
99
888
71
138
15
0
167
286
4
21
601
418
151
109
148
153
37
57
286
418
243
92
178
13
58
19
11
248
35
318
288
3
579
102
93
474
39
51
184
12
300
623
66
11
0
158
109
69
294
4
9,100
Inventory
Control
52
0
0
7
33
273
8
49
2
0
47
59
0
2
176
108
24
41
11
9
8
65
65
110
91
5
42
2
2
0
0
56
4
81
115
0
106
32
23
165
23
14
30
4
51
145
16
0
0
63
72
14
27
0
2,332
Spill
and Leak
Prevention
110
4
1
41
45
556
26
60
7
0
154
183
20
11
299
226
49
58
73
163
12
35
63
200
104
83
108
15
27
10
12
161
30
125
143
2
248
34
37
224
22
8
81
4
102
550
46
3
0
96
94
38
105
13
4,921
Raw
Material
Modifi-
cations
64
0
0
52
39
169
26
27
9
0
66
110
0
4
203
199
64
42
50
36
24
14
115
165
104
41
75
1
36
6
15
101
2
114
116
0
228
28
45
169
7
27
64
7
111
127
12
5
0
69
41
8
136
0
3,173
Process
Modifi-
cations
119
1
0
67
94
430
60
107
10
0
100
188
2
30
406
309
88
108
82
191
25
57
172
346
170
59
121
4
37
8
30
217
24
210
197
11
356
46
63
381
39
22
157
2
161
465
38
20
0
71
79
44
139
4
6,167
Cleaning
and
Degreasing
20
0
0
10
20
207
10
67
5
0
22
43
0
0
102
87
7
17
19
22
8
12
75
105
41
23
26
0
13
0
7
50
5
56
54
4
93
28
9
86
7
18
32
0
24
120
9
3
0
13
27
1
67
2
1,676
Surface
Preparation
and
Finishing
44
1
0
9
52
96
21
17
I
0
30
50
0
0
69
175
38
44
8
36
20
8
30
120
105
62
50
0
14
0
4
18
12
61
218
2
139
26
32
99
3
6
20
2
73
79
23
6
0
62
41
15
94
0
2,135
Product
Modifi-
cations
32
0
0
5
23
98
6
20
4
0
20
39
3
0
125
81
22
22
21
8
9
6
36
99
45
9
27
0
16
2
3
46
4
50
71
1
124
31
24
88
0
11
32
2
66
94
25
2
0
20
16
10
44
1
1,543
143
-------
Chapters — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
Table 2-17. Methods Used to Identify Reported Source Reduction Activities, by State, 1994.
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Percent of Total
Pollution Prevention
Opportunity Audit
Internal
157
2
0
49
86
706
46
103
20
0
111
200
5
19
379
309
74
75
92
174
38
63
172
324
225
81
132
13
38
S
21
245
17
236
237
0
357
71
65
357
40
22
163
6
196
698
43
20
0
127
125
40
164
7
6,958
21.3
External
38
2
0
3
4
95
7
17
1
0
24
22
0
1
43
34
17
13
8
7
5
8
22
52
12
6
20
1
13
0
0
22
0
19
15
0
68
4
5
34
6
4
14
0
27
39
3
1
0
2
15
7
13
0
773
2.4
Materials
Balance
Audit
72
1
0
24
30
234
21
21
9
0
51
57
0
3
119
93
48
50
29
37
9
IS
74
112
35
32
56
0
6
5
7
83
5
88
61
0
150
25
20
125
17
13
43
0
76
217
49
6
0
53
20
22
66
2
2,391
7.3
Participative
Team
Management
215
3
1
69
114
667
63
156
22
0
131
263
24
9
541
403
120
110
138
162
45
75
251
419
306
98
185
5
43
18
26
243
16
269
232
12
543
85
86
452
32
45
187
11
244
596
73
18
0
118
139
74
256
3
8,416
25.8
Employee
Informal
84
1
0
40
36
208
26
53
7
0
58
104
0
6
235
187
50
45
39
58
14
19
73
128
146
43
67
5
27
7
6
50
15
100
98
3
251
31
47
189
12
28
70
6
118
235
15
3
0
57
40
13
101
2
3,256
10.0
Recommendation
Formal
Program
70
0
0
11
19
121
19
22
4
0
28
50
0
7
200
101
25
33
32
62
7
12
66
94
38
29
41
12
19
0
6
33
I
65
50
0
93
24
23
104
14
7
24
0
37
160
28
4
0
4
18
8
41
0
1,866
5.7
144
-------
Chapters—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
wmm
Table 2-17.
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Percent of Total
State
Program
2
0
0
1
0
13
0
1
2
0
2
3
0
0
5
9
0
0
2
1
0
8
25
6
17
2
4
0
0
0
0
7
1
4
17
0
5
0
7
2
2
3
10
0
21
7
0
1
0
4
10
0
5
0
209
0.6
Federal
Program
7
1
0
1
0
16
2
0
0
0
13
5
0
0
1
2
1
0
2
2
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
7
11
0
0
2
8
0
2
0
94
0.3
Trade/
Industry
Program
28
0
0
11
15
119
0
16
0
0
28
18
0
2
79
52
30
6
9
29
4
8
17
56
20
8
15
0
8
0
2
20
0
26
87
0
47
10
18
30
2
3
23
0
50
67
16
0
0
13
20
1
41
1
1,055
3.2
Vendor
Assistance
96
0
0
44
43
225
21
50
7
0
74
126
15
3
246
315
87
65
63
50
30
31
91
ISO
124
72
102
1
40
4
13
43
4
112
227
10
291
45
58
204
7
15
93
8
170
190
47
7
0
67
63
42
185
6
4,112
12.6
Other
103
4
1
25
35
354
35
30
2
0
79
127
3
4
212
167
44
73
44
46
15
17
77
160
52
56
67
0
20
7
5
62
27
132
141
6
213
23
31
184
19
26
84
2
106
275
40
g
0
59
50
24
132
10
3,518
10.8
145
-------
mwm
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management ofTRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-18. Number of TRI Facilities and Forms Reporting Source Reduction, by Industry, 1994.
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Measure JPhoto.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39®
No codes 20-39®
Total
TRI
Facilities
Number
2,033
14
404
35
743
535
538
289
4,026
401
1,871
109
628
1,872
3,116
1,055
1,336
1,262
320
368
1,515
274
22,744
Facilities Reporting Source
Reduction Activities
Number
386
3
120
8
208
236
202
121
1,577
167
548
36
164
393
935.
290
515
502
148
114
592
90
7,355
Percent of
All Facilities
19.0
21.4
29.7
22.9
28.0
44.1
37.5
41.9
39.2
41.6
29.3
33.0
26,1
21.0
30.0
27.5
38.5
39.8
46.3
31.0
39.1
32.8
32.3
TRI
Forms
Number
3,676
27
834
64
1,953
1,595
2,421
570
21,200
3,087
3,881
279
1,538
6,694
8,574
2,854
3,641
4,498
812
801
5,429
904
75,332
Forms Reporting Source
Reduction Activities
Number
585
3
171
12
502
587
411
198
5,274
779
913
62
321
1.059
1,868
528
948
1,134
276
216
1,450
260
17,557
Percent of
Ail Forms
15.9
11.1
20.5
18.8
25.7
36.8
17.0
34.7
24.9
25.2
23.5
22.2
20.9
15.8
21.8
18.5
26.0
25.2
34.0
27.0
26.7
28.8
23.3
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g. paper (26) and chemicals (28)],
Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code and facilities that reported SIC codes outside the 20~to-39 range.
146
-------
Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-19. Number of Times Source Reduction Activity Reported, by Category, by Industry, 1994.
Industry
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39©
No codes 20-39©
Total
Category of Source Reduction
Good
Operating
Practices
394
0
56
6
293
184
176
99
3,022
289
405
14
147
655
1,063
241
485
500
162
95
721
93
9,100
Inventory
Control
38
0
10
2
44
91
32
18
978
36
114
0
25
75
214
44
91
173
24
30
212
81
2,332
Spill
and Leak
Prevention
262
0
8
4
147
63
45
9
2,115
520
205
8
83
239
313
49
197
150
33
21
365
85
4,921
Raw
Material
Modifi-
cations
34
0
80
6
104
126
166
94
799
43
272
29
82
166
284
92
178
201
52
46
279
40
3,173
Process
Modifi-
cations
186
2
46
4
129
88
137
47
2,206
294
291
12
135
504
530
148
442
235
79
65
520
67
6,167
Activity
Cleaning
and
Decreasing
29
0
5
0
20
14
10
16
342
5
103
3
6
49
334
79
124
176
90
35
181
55
1,676
Surface
Preparation
and
Finishing
15
0
15
0
149
536
11
4
30
0
134
46
15
50
354
119
54
312
14
50
184
43
2,135
Product
Modifi-
cations
28
1
31
3
44
33
55
19
574
44
99
5
44
55
95
63
63
89
41
11
140
6
1,543
© Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g. paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
© Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code and facilities that reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
147
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
re™
Table 2-20. Methods Used to Identify Reported Source Reduction Activities, by Industry, 1894.
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
MeasuieJPhoto.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39©
No codes 20-39®
Total
Percent of Total
Pollution Prevention
Opportunity Audit
Internal
207
3
40
2
193
193
135
69
2201
333
325
18
140
422
727
197
41S
449
105
72
569
140
6,958
21.3
External
15
0
9
0
7
33
13
3
269
5
25
0
7
56
113
19
30
42
6
3
82
36'
773
2.4
Materials
Balance
Audit
81
0
19
1
41
72
20
26
713
27
172
7
19
179
265
73
148
144
42
41
271
30
2,391
7.3
Participative
Team
Management
264
0
67
6
224
188
180
81
2670
275
480
31
138
525
902
252
495
559
150
121
734
74
8,416
25.8
Employee
Informal
102
0
17
2
89
81
68
23
1143
131
139
11
53
187
313
115
187
179
47
22
297
50
3,256
10.0
Recommendation
Formal
Program
35
0
11
0
21
36
33
14
719
S3
73
9
37
81
191
42
156
135
29
18
167 '
6
1,866
5.7
148
-------
Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste ;
Table 2-20.
Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Measure ./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39®
No codes 20-39®
Total
Percent of Total
State
Program
3
0
1
1
1
20
'5
1
58
2
17
0
1
'5
34
12
11
6
3
4
24
0
209
0.6
Federal
Program
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
12
13
0
0
0
6
6
1
13
11
2
0
10
17
94
0.3
Trade/
Industry
Program
34
0
10
1
50
101
21
13
245
78
69
8
8
93
122
12
41
60
8
8
69
4
1,055
3.2
Vendor
Assistance
163
0
77
4
209
354
99
85
559
74
269
38
73
255
588
165
226
380
53
77
331
33
4,112
12.6
Other
90
0
37
0
73
130
109
42
1095
275
137
4
98
236
322
71
164
158
82
23
289
83
3,518
10.8
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g. paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code and facilities that reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
149
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TR1 Chemicals In Waste
Table 2-21. Number of TRI Facilities Reporting Source Reduction, by Industry, 1991-1994.®
SIC
Code Industry
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stone/Clay/Glass
33 Primary Mclals
34 Fabr, Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip.
37 Transportation Equip.
38 MeasunsJPhoto.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39©
No codes 20-39®
Total
Number
261
6
129
11
241
234
246
184
1,657
150
650
56
187
476
1,055
401
705
506
227
148
672
43
8,245
1991
Percent of All
Facilities in
the Industry
Percent
16.1
30.0
34.1
29.7
32.1
40.7
42.9
45.4
40.9
35.3
35.0
40.6
28.0
25.2
33.2
35.2
44.9
39.5
51.9
37.4
42.9
21.3
35.6
Number
238
3
132
9
197
253
227
174
1,568
162
666
53
178
437
1,019
381
618
514
209
130
669
34
7,871
1992
Percent of All
Facilities in
the Industry
Percent
14.9
20.0
35.5
20.9
27.1
44,5
42.2
45.8
39.4
38.7
35.4
40.8
28.2
23.4
32.5
33.8
42.1
41.0
51.0
34.9
41.4
19.3
34.7
Number
254
6
114
12
204
242
200
127
1,522
166
597
45
175
427
957
343
557
530
186
129
644
40
7,477
1993
Percent of All
Facilities in
the Industry
Percent
15.5
40,0
30.9
32.4
27.9
43.7
38.2
41.0
38.9
41.1
32.3
38.1
28.3
23.2
31.3
32.2
42.0
42.2
52.8
34.4
41.9
24.8
33.9
1994
Number
240
1
107
8
206
235
182
119
1,503
162
537
34
157
363
882
273
469
495
138
110
565
75
6,861
Percent of All
Facilities in
the Industry
Percent
14.8
11.1
31.0
24.2
28,0
44.1
37.0
43.0
39.1
40.9
29.1
34,0
26.2
20.4
29.5
26,8
38.4
40.1
46,2
31.1
38.5
31.8
32.0
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
Facilities that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g. paper(26) and chemicals (28)].
Facilities that did not report an SIC code or reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
150
-------
Chapters—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste g
PMVMIN
Table 2-22. Number of TRI Forms Reporting Source Reduction, by Industry, 1991-1994.3)
SIC
Code Industry
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stone/Clay/Glass
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip,
37 Transportation Equip.
38 Measure,/Photo.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39®
No codes 20-39®
Total
Number
371
6
209
17
545
628
460
279
5,586
755
1,115
102
412
1,210
1,888
682
1,276
1,270
396
272
1,542
96
19,117
1991
Percent of All
Forms in
the Industry
Percent
14.2
20.0
27.1
27,0
28.3
38.3
24.1
36.0
27.5
23.9
27.5
39.8
26.8
18.8
23.0
23.1
31.6
28.0
38.8
30.8
28.4
14.5
26.1
Number
343
5
206
10
452
662
433
256
5,197
769
1,147
95
354
1,143
1,819
681
1,077
1,198
363
242
1,604
96
18,152
1992
Percent of All
Forms in
the Industry
Percent
13.3
21.7
28.5
13,5
24.1
39.5
23.0
37.0
26.3
24.6
28.6
38.8
25.0
18.2
22.5
23.6
29.2
27.1
37.3
29.7
29.3
17.3
25.5
Number
363
7
173
12
490
620
401
193
5,093
753
1,043
80
356
1,089
1,793
627
931
1,211
331
256
1,500
102
17,424
1993
Percent of All
Forms in
the Industry
Percent
13.8
30.4
24.1
20.0
26.5
36.7
21.4
* 33.3
26.1
' 25.0
26.9
36.4
25.4
17.3
22.8
22.7
28.3
27.5
38.7
30.9
28.8
18.3
25.1
1994
Percent of All
Forms in
the Industry
Number Percent
366
1
150
12
496
584
349
192
4,944
745
883
55
298
978
1,700
489
794
1,103
251
208
1,351
235
16,184
13.9
7.1
22,8
20,7
26.2
37.0
18.3
36.0
25.9
26.0
24.1
30.7
' 21.1
15.9
22.1
18.7
26.7
25.7
34.4
27.8
27.4
28.9
24.0
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
Forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)],
Forms that did not report an SIC code or reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
151
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
mmm
Table 2-23. Top 50 TRI Chemicals for Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activities, 1994.
CAS
Number®
108-88-3
1330-20-7
78-93-3
7664-93-9
—
67-56-1
71-55-6
7647-01-0
7664-41-7
—
7664-38-2
7697-37-2
100-42-5
108-10-1
71-36-3
7440-50-8
75-09-2
—
100-41-4
79-01-6
—
—
107-21-1
7440-02-0
95-63-6
7782-50-5
7440-47-3
127-18-4
—
—
50-00-0
7439-92-1
—
76-13-1
71-43-2
91-20-3
7439-96-5
108-95-2
—
101-68-8
110-82-7
7664-39-3
—
117-81-7
7440-66-6
75-71-8
111-42-2
—
74-85-1
115-07-1
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Glycol ethers
Methanol
1,1,1-Trichloroelhane
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia
Zinc compounds
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Slyrene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
n-Butyl alcohol
Copper
Dichloromethane
Chromium compounds
Ethylbenzcne
Trichloroethylene
Copper compounds
Lead compounds
Ethylene glycol
Nickel
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Chlorine
Chromium
TeUachloroethylene
Nickel compounds
Manganese compounds
Formaldehyde
Lead
Barium compounds
Freon 113
Benzene
Naphthalene
Manganese
Phenol
Antimony compounds
Methylcnebis(phenylisocyanate)
Cyclohexane
Hydrogen fluoride
Arsenic compounds
Di-(2-ethyIhexyl) phthalale
Zinc (fume or dust)
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)
Diethanolamine
Cyanide compounds
Ethylene
Propylene
Subtotal
Total for AH TRI Chemicals
TRI
Forms
Number
3,566
3,346
2,389
3,895
2,157
2,439
1,207
3,300
2,978
2,458
2,710
,827
,489
,031
,145
2,537
,030
,416
969
783
1,412
845
1,321
1,739
753
1,449
1,766
459
834
986
781
817
618
237
491
527
1,385
719
520
879
374
521
294
307
410
169
358
247
276
343
64,509
75,332
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction Activities
Number
1,343
1,211
911
641
632
615
592
587
575
481
404
363
360
358
354
344
344
340
339
273
271
267
263
233
232
222
207
169
163
163
157
152
144
143
139
139
137
132
128
121
106
93
80
70
70
68
64
63
62
61
15,386
17,557
Percent of
All Forms
37.7
36.2
38.1
16.5
29.3
25.2
49.0
17.8
19.3
19.6
14.9
19.9
24.2
34.7
30.9
13.6
33.4
24.0
35.0
34.9
19.2
31.6
19.9
13.4
30.8
15.3
11.7
36.8
19.5
16.5
20.1
18.6
23.3
60.3
28.3
26.4
9.9
18.4
24.6
13.8
28.3
17.9
27.2
22.8
17.1
40.2
17.9
25.5
22.5
17.8
23.9
23.3
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers ( — ).
152
-------
Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-24. Number of Times Source Reduction Activity Reported, by Category, for the Top 50 TRI Chemicals for
Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activities, 1994.
CAS
Number@
108-88-3
1330-20-7
78-93-3
7664-93-9
—
67-56-1
71-55-6
7647-01-0
7664-41-7
—
7664-38-2
7697-37-2
100-42-5
108-10-1
71-36-3
7440-50-8
75-09-2
—
100-41-4
79-01-6
—
—
107-21-1
7440-02-0
95-63-6
7782-SO-5
7440-47-3
127-18-4
—
—
50-00-0
7439-92-1
—
76-13-1
71-43-2
91-20-3
7439-96-5
108-95-2
—
101-68-8
110-82-7
7664-39-3
—
117-81-7
7440-66-6
75-71-8
111-42-2
—
74-85-1
115-07-1
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomere)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Glycol ethers
Methanol
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia
Zinc compounds
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Styrene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
n-Butyl alcohol
Copper
Dichloromethane
Chromium compounds
Ethylbenzene
Trichloroethylene
Copper compounds
Lead compounds
Ethylene glycol
Nickel
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Chlorine
Chromium
Tetrachloroethylene
Nickel compounds
Manganese compounds
Formaldehyde
Lead
Barium compounds
Freon 113
Benzene
Naphthalene
Manganese
Phenol
Antimony compounds
Methylenebis(phenyl-
isocyanate)
Cyclohexane
Hydrogen fluoride
Arsenic compounds
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Zinc (fume or dust)
Dichlorodifluoro-
methane (CFC-12)
Diethanolamine
Cyanide compounds
Ethylene
Propylene
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Category of Source Reduction Activity
Good
Operating
Practices
636
567
459
381
323
297
212
320
304
281
238
203
163
204
170
268
159
180
167
136
174
159
133
142
110
80
131
95
98
116
79
79
81
57
49
63
97
80
81
65
54
56
60
30
45
23
38
30
26
21
8,020
9,100
Inventory
Control
204
171
175
63
117
84
49
64
24
80
65
58
74
69
80
35
34
38
49
13
32
41
51
31
44
12
37
14
31
19
12
19
23
10
10
27
17
14
17
16
8
12
4
9
15
2
6
8
3
6
2,096
2,332
Spill
and Leak
Prevention
295
234
159
207
117
170
77
196
222
142
136
120
85
71
70
57
82
105
148
35
111
66
77
37
93
54
25
37
52
57
53
19
37
29
103
84
20
33
32
19
72
27
43
20
24
29
17
15
35
42
4,090
4,921
Raw
Material
Modifi-
cations
342
278
233
53
196
107
171
54
59
70
36
27
83
69
74
40
95
71
48
20
24
88
63
36
28
53
36
13
12
17
38
49
48
31
8
18
29
22
26
11
11
15
9
30
8
14
15
10
0
0
2,888
3,173
Process
Modifi-
cations
387
354
235
254
190
217
94
240
257
193
133
132
126
124
103
130
110
158
132
54
115
109
81
78
82
93
69
40
77
67
55
50
53
34
73
48
33
61
60
54
39
41
34
24
23
22
20
35
28
26
5,247
6,167
Cleaning
and
Decreasing
112
88
107
49
46
30
272
51
8
25
37
36
23
29
28
22
89
17
25
152
19
4
11
24
15
5
14
72
15
5
7
3
4
103
3
9
4
8
6
0
1
7
1
1
2
0
6
11
0
0
1,606
1,676
Surface
Preparation
and
Finishing
404
439
287
12
127
124
49
21
6
16
13
12
59
116
144
7
19
14
61
8
9
8
7
9
28
2
7
4
3
3
6
1
6
6
3
6
10
5
0
3
3
8
2
0
13
0
1
I
0
0
2,092
2,135
Product
Modifi-
cations
162
137
98
17
77
52
71
14
19
51
24
13
28
47
30
26
36
37
29
17
15
40
29
20
41
6
20
9
18
13
19
26
13
15
1
5
20
13
17
12
3
2
2
14
3
7
6
1
0
0
1,375
1,543
© Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (-
153
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals ih Waste
MEfflflHN
Table 2-25. Methods Used to Identify Source Reduction Activities for the Top 50 TRI Chemicals by Number of
Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activities, 1994.
CAS
Number© Chemical
108-88-3 Toluene
1330-20-7 Xylenc (mixed isomers)
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone
7664-93-9 Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
— Glyeol elhers
67-56-1 Methanol
71-55-6 1,1,1-Trichloroeihane
7647-01-0 Hydrochloric acid
7664-41-7 Ammonia
— Zinc compounds
7664-38-2 Phosphoric acid
7697-37-2 Nitric acid
100-42-5 Styrene
108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl ketone
71-36-3 n-Butyl alcohol
7440-SO-8 Copper
75-09-2 Dichloromethane
— Chromium compounds
100-41-4 Ethylbenzcne
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
— Copper compounds
— Lead compounds
107-21-1 Elhylcne glycol
7440-02-0 Nickel
95-63-6 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
7782-50-5 Chlorine
7440-47-3 Chromium
127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene
— Nickel compounds
— Manganese compounds
50-00-0 Formaldehyde
7439-92-1 Lead
— Barium compounds
76-13-1 FreonlO
71-43-2 Benzene
91-20-3 Naphthalene
7439-%-5 Manganese
108-95-2 Phenol
— Antimony compounds
101-68-8 Methylcncbis(phcnyl-
isocyanntc)
110-82-7 Cyclohexone
7664-39-3 Hydrogen fluoride
— Arsenic compounds
117-81-7 DM2-cthyIhexyl)
phthalate
7440-66-6 Zinc (fume or dust)
75-71-8 Dichlorcxiifluoromcthane
(CFC-12)
111-42-2 Diethanolamine
— Cyanide compounds
74-85-1 Ethylene
115-07-1 Propylcne
Subtotal
Total for AH TRI Chemicals
Number of
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
1,343
1,211
911
641
632
615
592
587
575
481
404
363
360
358
354
344
344
340
339
273
271
267
263
233
232
222
207
169
163
163
157
152
144
143
139
139
137
132
128
121
106
93
80
70
70
68
64
63
62
61
15,386
17,557
Pollution Prevention
Opportunity Audit
Internal
520
475
360
259
2S1
238
230
243
227
196
135
141
120
150
136
125
132
156
161
117
128
118
100
66
99
88
55
83
70
64
59
47
53
72
77
58
37
51
40
29
49
33
43
26
28
23
14
29
34
36
6,081
6,958
External
68
56
52
26
29
24
27
17
2g
28
7
9
11
20
21
27
10
17
15
11
10
14
11
16
9
2
10
6
6
10
7
13
11
5
4
8
7
3
7
1
3
4
1
3
8
1
0
4
I
0
688
'773
Materials
Balance
Audit
171
159
162
79
77
88
80
69
90
64
58
46
38
55
54
72
42
38
37
27
33
45
36
47
22
16
47
23
28
16
18
22
19
(6
12
10
34
22
24
15
8
11
2
13
20
9
6
5
10
7
2,102
2,391
Participative
Team
Management
620
549
451
319
321
288
263
266
254
258
215
186
149
188
171
169
156
168
161
129
120
144
139
130
93
90
110
80
98
71
74
70
79
93
45
54
65
56
79
48
41
41
35
34
34
21
38
26
22
25
7,336
8,416
Employee
Recommendation
Informal
222
221 -
164
133
115
114
72
138
129
111
76
72
65
65
63
67
67
64
62
43
55
54
56
50
41
30
40
27'
37
35
19
22
*38
22
19
29
27
20
' 29
24
15
29'
' 17
14
11
7
15
11
7
7
2,870
3,256
Formal
Program
137
110
96
61
69
' 59
59
54
54
' ' 48
' 30
41
35'
41
42
39
30
36'
50'
- 23
19
39.
27
22
34
17
" ' 21
12
21.
17,
22
10
26
' ' 22
14
17
10
20
' 23
15
9
11
5
4
4
7
' 7
4
8
6
1,587
1,866
154
-------
Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
HIEMIN
Table 2-25.
Chemical
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Glycol ethers
Methanol
1,1,1 -Trichloroet hane
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia
Zinc compounds
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Styrene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
n-Butyl alcohol
Copper
Dichloromethane
Chromium compounds
Ethylbenzene
Trichloroethylene
Copper compounds
Lead compounds
Ethylene glycol
Nickel
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Chlorine
Chromium
Tetrachloroethylene
Nickel compounds
Manganese compounds
Formaldehyde
Lead
Barium compounds
Freon 113
Benzene
Naphthalene
Manganese
Phenol
Antimony compounds
Melhylenebis(phenyl-
isocyanate)
Cyclohexane
Hydrogen fluoride
Arsenic compounds
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
Zinc (fume or dust)
Dichlorodifluoro methane
(CFC-12)
Diethanolamine
Cyanide compounds
Ethylene
Propylene
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Slate
Program
28
21
9
8
8
12
13
7
1
6
5
4
6
8
3
4
3
2
2
10
1
2
1
0
2
4
0
6
1
0
2
1
3
4
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
196
209
Federal
Program
8
8
3
5
2
0
10
1
2
1
2
1
0
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
4
2
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
3
2
0
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
81
94
Trade/
Industry
Program
89
88
56
32
36
40
41
32
30
20
15
9
50
26
30
23
24
25
17
19
17
11
13
13
27
12
10
7
7
1
7
14
3
7
9
15
8
8
4
8
8
4
11
2
7
3
0
6
1
3
948
1,055
Vendor
Assistance
437
422
281
112
196
141
195
86
97
76
102
66
134
109
109
64
81
93
71
70
58
61
41
54
59
30
51
35
25
17
36
32
29
32
11
26
45
29
26
33
12
20
31
11
15
15
10
19
6
7
3,818
4,112
Other
281
237
174
114
112
107
118
109
109
86
73
55
65
60
70
65
76
49
79
48
37
50
48
34
52
SO
46
21
26
30
39
42
25
29
57
39
' 33
33
15
24
36
26
6
18
21
21
13
10
19
15
3,002
3,518
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
155
-------
Cn8Pter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
HIEHNIM
Methodology for Counting Elements of
Source Reduction Reporting (Tables 2-14 through 2-25)
Table 2-14, On the Form R, more than one method can be reported for each activity reported, and more than
one activity can also be reported with the same or additional methods. Table 2-14 counts each method reported
for every activity. For example, an internal pollution prevention audit might identify improvements in schedul-
ing maintenance and in scheduling production runs to minimize equipment changes affecting the use of toluene
and methanol. In this case, "2"—for the two chemicals—would be added to the column marked Internal
Pollution Prevention Audit and the row W13 (Improved Maintenance Scheduling) and "2"—again, for toluene
and methanol—would be added to the same column and the row W14 (Changed Production Schedule).
Tables 2-15, 2-18, 2-21, 2-22, and 2-23. The number of facilities counts those that reported any valid source
reduction code on any of their chemical forms. A facility is counted once regardless of the number of forms on
which it reported source reduction activity. Similarly, the number of forms counts the forms on which a valid
source reduction code was reported. A form is counted once regardless of how many source reduction activities
were reported for that chemical.
Tables 2-16, 2-19, and 2-24. These tables count the number of times a source reduction activity was
reported on any chemical form. The counts are summarized into eight categories, but the individual activities
within each category are counted if reported. For example, if a facility reported Improved Scheduling and
Changed Production Schedule for toluene, "2" would be added to the category called Good Operating Practices
since both of these activities belong in this category. If a facility reported Improved Storage Procedures and
Increased Purity of Raw Materials, then "1" would be added to the category Spill and Leave Prevention and
"1" to the category Raw Materials Modifications. Thus, these tables count each time a source reduction activity
was reported for a chemical.
Tables 2-17, 2-20, and 2-25. These tables count the number of times a specific method for identifying
source reduction activities was reported for a chemical. AH possible source reduction method codes appear in
these tables; they are not summarized into larger categories. For any single chemicai, however, a facility could
report a specific method more than once if it identified more than one source reduction activity. In these tables, a
method is counted only once per form, regardless of how many source reduction activities were identified. For
example, if an internal pollution prevention audit identified for one chemical both improved storage procedures
and increased purity of raw materials—so that the method Internal Pollution Prevention Audit is reported twice
on one form—these tables would count the audit only once. If, however, the facility also reported the audit on
another form (i.e., for another chemical), then the method would be counted twice, once for each form.
Box 2-4. Methodology for Counting Elements of Source Reduction Reporting (Tables 2-14 through 2-25).
156
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
RELATING WASTE GENERATION
TO PRODUCTION
Quantifying progress in reducing waste is a
complex question that cannot be answered by
simply comparing quantities of waste generated
over time. Many factors affect the quantity of
toxic chemicals in waste. One such factor is
changes in production at a facility,
Understanding the Production Ratio
For this reason, the PPA requires facilities to
provide on Form R a production ratio or activity
index as an indicator of whether production or
activity involving the reported toxic chemical
has increased, decreased, or remained steady
since the previous year.
For the 1994 reporting year, the ratio is
calculated by dividing the production or activity
involving the reported toxic chemical in 1994
by the production or activity involving the
reported toxic chemical in 1993. A ratio that is
less than 1.0 indicates that production or activity
was lower in 1994 than it was in 1993. A ratio
of 1.0 indicates that production or activity has
remained steady. A ratio greater than 1.0 indi-
cates that production or activity has increased.
Table 2-26 shows the distribution of the ratios
reported for 1994. This table also shows the
quantity of production-related waste associated
with the ratios in 1994.
Comparing Waste Generation
to Value of Shipments
Although the quantity of TRI chemicals in
waste has increased since 1991, this does not
necessarily indicate that there has been no
progress in implementing source reduction
programs. To help put the changes in waste in
context, it is useful to compare changes in waste
generation to economic activity in the manufac-
luring sector during the same period. Such
information can potentially indicate whether the
rate of waste production is increasing or
decreasing, and whether progress is being made
in moving up the waste management hierarchy.
One way to examine these relationships is to
compare the value of goods produced at manu-
facturing facilities to the quantities of toxic
chemicals in waste reported to TRI. This
resulting ratio, tracked over time, indicates
whether more or less waste is being generated
for each dollar of economic activity. Decreases
over time in the ratio would indicate that a
lower quantity of waste was being generated per
unit of production. This might indicate that
manufacturers are becoming more efficient in
their use of TRI chemicals. Conversely, an
increasing ratio would mean that a higher
quantity of waste was being generated relative
to production, which might indicate a trend
towards less effective use of TRI chemicals in
manufacturing.
The value of production is calculated here as the
value of shipments for an industry plus the
change in inventory from the previous year. The
data are adjusted for inflation using the producer
price indices for each industry, and are
expressed in constant 1988 dollars.
The value of production for an industry is not a
perfect measure of the actual quantity of
materials produced. The most serious limitation
is that the available figures for value of
production cover an entire industry, not just the
small fraction of facilities that report to TRI.
Also, value of production data do not cover the
production of intermediates that are not sold.
Finally, it is possible that the product mix at
firms reporting to TRI is not representative of
their industry as a whole and that the prices of
these products change at rates different from the
industry as a whole. When this is true, the value
of production data will reflect not only changes
157
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
Table 2-26. Distribution of Production Index, 1994.
Index
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
2.0 - 2.9
3.0 - 3.9
4.0 - 4.9
5.0 - 9.9
10.0-24.9
25.0-49.9
50.0-99.9
>=100
Total
Zero or Blank
or NA for Index
Zero
Blank
NA
Total
Negative Number
for Index
Total
Number
of Forms
Reporting
Number
408
297
370
520
783
1,029
1,797
3,004
6,175
18,266
14,949
8,786
4,496
2,446
1,649
993
686
459
387
1,555
414
226
370
183
56
243
258
70,805
1,135
546
2,845
4,526
1
Percent
of Forms
Reporting
Percent
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.7
1.1
1.5
2.5
4.2
8.7
25.8
21.1
12.4
6.3
3.5
2.3
1.4
1.0
0.6
0.5
2.2
0.6
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.4
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
of Forms
Reporting
Percent
0.6
1.0
1.5
2.3
3.4
4.8
7.3
11.6
20.3
46.1
67.2
79.6
86.0
89.4
91.8
93.2
94.1
94.8
95.3
97.5
98.1
98.4
99.0
99.2
99.3
99.6
100.0
•*
'
-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
62,740,994
35,798,044
31,186,197
43,760,601
61,903,232
96,768,197
288,970,449
868,358,354
3,734,865,438
7,579,230,709
6,172,834,669
3,209,628,942
1,381,246,800
570,584,983
386,596,441
390,818,524
98,711,614
125,544,788
64,664,199
431,028,301
132,861,399
30,465,074
234,298,491
45,740,252
4,956,774
87,127,894
122,760,231
26,293451,591
72,594,870
18,135,260
162,372,194
253,102,324
0
Percent
of Waste
Percent
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
1.1
3.3
14.2
28.8
23.5
12.2
5.3
2.2
1.5
1.5
0.4
0.5
0.2
1.6
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.5
'„» '100.0,,
'
-
Cumulative
Percent
of Waste
Percent
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.3
2.4
5.7
19.9
48.7
72.2
84.4
89.6
91.8
93.3
94.8
95.1
95.6
95.9
97.5
98.0
98.1
99.0
99.2
99.2
99.5
100.0
^ ^
ti
'
158
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste i
in production but also changes in prices. Despite
these limitations, value of production data
constitute the best data readily available to
represent production for this type of
comparison.
Because information on total production related
waste has been available beginning with the
1991 reporting year, results for 1994 are com-
pared to those for 1991. To determine whether
there are changes in the trends, the 1994 data
also are compared with those for 1993. The
results are shown in Tables 2-27 and 2-28.
The value of production for the manufacturing
sector increased by 15% in constant dollars,
from $2,560 billion in 1991 to $2,942 billion in
1994. During the same time period, the total
quantity of waste reported to TRI also increased.
Excluding both facilities outside SIC codes 20-
39 and chemicals for which the listing has been
added, deleted or modified, the amount of
production-related waste reported to TRI
increased from 20.6 billion pounds in 1991 to
21.9 billion pounds in 1994, a 5% increase.
Some industries showed significant decreases in
the quantity of waste while others had substan-
tial increases.
The ratio of production-related waste to the
value of production for the manufacturing sector
fell from 8.05 in 1991 to 7.46 in 1994, a 7%
decrease. In other words, in 1994 the manufac-
turing sector as a whole generated 7.46 million
pounds of waste for each billion dollars of
production. In 1991, manufacturers generated
8.05 million pounds per billion dollars produc-
tion. This is a reduction of 600,000 pounds of
waste for each billion dollars of production. The
ratio between waste and production for the
manufacturing sector as a whole held nearly
constant from 1993 to 1994, changing from 7.45
to 7.46. There was substantial variation in how
the ratio changed at the industry level when
comparing 1991 to 1994 or 1993 to 1994.
The changes in the ratio of waste to production
for the manufacturing sector as a whole indicate
that the relative rate of waste generation
decreased from 1991 to 1994. However, this
should not obscure the fact that the total volume
of waste generated by TRI reporters has
increased over 6% since 1991 (see Table 2-2).
Even though the value of goods produced has
increased during this time, it is important that
we find ways to reduce the total quantity of
waste generated. It is through waste reduction
efforts that the related goals of sustainable
development and zero-waste can be achieved.
ASSESSMENT OF PROGRESS
IN SOURCE REDUCTION
Because of the complexity of quantifying
progress in reducing toxic chemicals in waste at
the source, there is no one method for measuring
progress. Comparing changes in quantities of
toxic chemicals in waste when source reduction
has been implemented is one method, but this
does not take production into account.
Calculating an Indicator of Changes in
Quantities of Toxic Chemicals in Waste
The production index can be used to help assess
changes in the quantities of toxic chemicals in
waste relative to changes in production or
activity at a facility.
This method assumes a direct relationship
between the level of production or activity at a
facility and the amount of toxic chemicals in
waste generated by that production or activity.
Thus, if production increases, waste is assumed
to increase proportionally. Similarly, if produc-
tion decreases, waste is assumed to decrease
proportionally. This assumption may hold for
some, but not necessarily all, processes or
facilities. There may be many instances where
159
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
Table 2-27. Ratio of Production to Total Production-related Waste, by Industry, 1991,1993,1994,®
SIC
Code Industry
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stone/CIny/Glass
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip.
37 Transportation Equip.
38 McasureJ'hoto.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39©
Total
Value of Production
$ Billion, 1988
1991
357
22
62
60
64
36
121
135
265
128
94
8
56
131
143
220
187
322
115
34
—
2,560
1993
381
19
70
67
70
42
126
140
280
126
114
9
60
145
159
255
220
351
121
38
—
2,793
1994
384
23
74
69
73
43
132
139
290
131
123
8
63
157
171
288
241
374
120
39
—
2,942
1991
215.0
51.8
57.8
2.3
69.1
62.6
1,627.5
259.9
8,797.8
1,170,3
465.9
18.1
956.8
2,530.9
716.2
215.5
712.5
391.2
120.2
60.8
2,113.4
20,615.6
Total Production-
related Waste
Million Pounds
1993
206.8
5.3
50.6
2.0
94.3
71.5
1,511.9 1
279.5
1994
175.5
1.1
53.3
2.5
62.3
67.7
,617.0
238.7
9,227.6 9,609.0
954.7 1
507.9
9.9
932.3 1
3,096.6 3
856.7
181.1
560.1
429.0
82.3
62.4
1,670.9 I
20,793.4 21
,436.2
515.2
8.7
,062.1
,505.5
853.8
167.5
587.9
418.2
75.8
63.0
,410.2
,931.2
Ratio of Production-related Waste
to Value of Production
Million Pounds/$ Billion
1991 1993 1994
0.60 0.54 0.46
2.36 0.28 0.05
0.93 0.72 0.72
0.04 0.03 0.04
1.08 1.35 0.85
1,74 1.70 1.57
13.45 12.00 12.25
1,93 2.00 1.72
33,20 32.96 33.13
9.14 7.58 10.96
4.96 4.46 4.19
2.26 1.10 1.09
17.09 15.54 16.86
19.32 21.36 22.33
5.01 5.39 4.99
0.98 0,71 0.58
3.81 2.55 2.44
1.22 1,22 1.12
1.04 0.68 0.63
1.79 1.64 1.62
— — —
8.05 7.45 7.46
Value of production equals value of shipments and change in inventory from previous year. Waste data are from Form R of year
indicated. Amounts in pounds have been assigned to single-category SIC codes if only one SIC code was reported for a
particular chemical form from the facility. Facilities that did not report any SIC codes in 20-39 are excluded. Does not include
dclisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), or sulfuric acid.
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
160
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
Table 2-29. Growth Rates In Ratio of Production to Total Production-related Waste, by Industry, 1991-1994.®
SIC
Code Industry
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stone/Clay/Glass
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip.
37 Transportation Equip.
38 Measure./Photo.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39®
Total
Percent Change in
Value of Production
1991-1994
Percent
7.6
4.5
19.4
15.0
14.1
19.4
9.1
3.0
9.4
2.3
30.9
0.0
12.5
19.8
19.6
30.9
28.9
16.1
4.3
14.7
—
14.9
1993-1994
Percent
0.8
21.1
5.7
3.0
4.3
2.4
4.8
-0.7
3.6
4.0
7.9
-11.1
5.0
8.3
7.5
12.9
9.5
6.6
-0.8
2.6
—
5.3
Percent Change in Total
Production-related Waste
1991-1994 1993-1994
Percent Percent
-18.4
-97.9
-7.8
8.7
-9.8
8.1
-0.6
-8.2
9.2
22.7
10.6
-51.9
11.0
38.5
19.2
-22.3
-17.5
6.9
-36.9
3.6
-33.3
6.4
-15.1
-79.2
5.3
25.0
-33.9
-5.3
7.0
-14.6
4,1
50.4
1.4
-12.1
13.9
13.2
-0.3
-7.5
5.0
-2.5
-7.9
1.0
-15.6
5.5
Percent Change in
Ratio of Production-related
Waste to Value of Production
1991-1994
Percent
-24.1
-98.0
-22.7
-5.3
-21.0
-9.5
-8.9
-10.8
-0.2
19.9
-15.5
-51.9
-1.3
15.6
-0.3
-40.6
-36.0
-8.0
-39.5
-9.7
—
-7.4
1993-1994
Percent
-15.8
-82.8
-0.4
20.0
-36.7
-7.5
2.1
-14.0
0.5
44.7
-6.0
-1.1
8.5
4.6
-7.3
-18.0
-4.2
-8.5
-7.1
-1.6
—
0,1
Value of production equals value of shipments and change in inventory from previous year. Waste data are from Form R of year
indicated. Amounts in pounds have been assigned to single-category SIC codes if only one SIC code was reported for a
particular chemical form from the facility. Facilities that did not report any SIC codes in 20-39 are excluded. Does not include
delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
161
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Chapter 2—Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
M1MHN
processes do not have a directly proportional
relationship between the level of activity and
waste generated.
A thorough and accurate assessment of source
reduction progress requires more detailed
information than is included in Form R.
Nonetheless, the data collected under TRI can
indicate whether toxic chemicals in waste are
increasing or decreasing relative to production
levels. To perform the following analysis, those
forms that have complete data for both 1993 and
1994 must be selected. Data for those years
must be comparable, meaning that a facility has
to have reported quantities for the same waste
management activity, for example, on-site
recycling, for both years. The calculations
shown in Box 2-5 illustrate how the information
reported on Form R can be used to assess
changes in the quantities of toxic chemicals in
waste relative to changes in production or
activity.
Because production may not be directly and
linearly related to the quantity of TRI chemicals
in waste, analysis of progress should also
include simple comparison of reporting-year and
prior-year data. A decrease could indicate
progress while an increase could indicate that ,
progress is not happening. In some instances,
however, source reduction could be imple-
mented at a facility, but quantities reported for
one chemical could increase if that chemical is
substituted for another chemical as a source
reduction measure for the latter chemical.
Changes in Quantities of Toxic
Chemicals In Waste at the National Level
EPA performed an analysis of the data received
for 1994 using the technique discussed in Box
2-4. Of the 75,332 Form Rs submitted for 1994,
55,077 forms had sufficient information for both
1993 and 1994 to perform an analysis of the
changes of the quantity of toxic chemicals in
waste for those two years.
Calculating Changes in Quantities of
TRI Chemicals in Waste Relative to Production
1) Sum Sections 8.1 through 8.7 for the prior year (1993).
2) Sum Sections 8.1 through 8.7 for the reporting year (1994).
3) Multiply the sum for the prior year as calculated in step 1 by the production ratio or activity index
(which is reported in Section 8.9 of Form R). This yields a quantity that would have been
generated in the reporting year (call it the expected quantity).
4) Take the sum for the current year as calculated in step 2 and subtract from it the result of step 3
(the expected quantity).
If the result of step 4 is a negative number, this suggests that the total quantity of the toxic chemical in waste for
the reporting year (1994) was less than that expected, given the reported level of production or activity. This
could be an indication that reduction of the toxic chemical in waste is occurring. If the result of step 4 is a
positive number, this means that the amount of toxic chemical in waste for the reporting year (1994) was greater
than that expected, given the reported level of production or activity. This could be an indication that reduction
of the toxic chemical in waste is not occurring.
Box 2-5. Calculating Changes in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste Relative to Production.
162
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Chapter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste
ntMtN
Of those 55,077 forms, 12,752 indicated the
implementation of a source reduction activity.
For this subset of forms that reported source
reduction and provided sufficient information
for both 1993 and 1994, the quantity of toxic
chemicals reported in waste increased by 2.7%
between 1993 and 1994 in absolute terms (see
Table 2-29).
However, once production changes are taken
into account, the relative change in reported
toxic chemicals in waste between 1993 and
1994 was a decrease of 1.9%.
As shown in Table 2-30, forms from facilities
that did not indicate the implementation of
source reduction showed a 1.5% increase
between 1993 and 1994 in the quantity of toxic
chemicals entering waste in absolute terms.
After adjusting for production, the relative
change was a decrease of 4.7%.
These two tables show that adjusting for
production may help explain the reasons for
changes in the quantities of toxic chemicals
released. For both subsets of facilities in this
analysis, what appeared to be a slight increase in
waste turned into a modest decrease once the
effects of increasing production were taken into
account. However, it is interesting to note that
source reduction activities reported by facilities
do not appear to be significantly impacting
waste generation. The adjusted decrease in
waste was lower for the subset of facilities
which reported source reduction than it was for
the facilities which did not report source reduc-
tion. In other words, after adjusting (however
imperfectly) for changes in production, the data
indicate that the facilities which did not report
source reduction activities in 1994 reduced their
generation of waste more than facilities which
did report implementation of source reduction.
163
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CnaPter 2 — Prevention and Management of TRI Chemicals In Waste
MIMNIMN
Table 2-29. Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste from 1993 to 1994 for Facilities Reporting Source
Reduction Activities.®
Category
of Waste
Generated
Recycled On-site
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released
Total
Category
of Waste
Generated
Recycled On-sitc
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released
Total
1993 Reported
Quantity Percent
Pounds of Total
2,223,961,683 38.1
556,256,521 9.5
610,291,487 10.4
118,775,010 2.0
1,540,673,112 26.4
106,896,429 1.8
685,000,518 11.7
5,841,854,760 100.0
Absolute Change
1994-1993
Quantity Percent
Pounds Change
1 16.974,006 5.3
-6,419,100 -1.2
25,689,765 4.2
10,814,635 9.1
71,331,746 4.6
13,774,197 12.9
-75,923,962 -11.1
156,241,287 2.7 •
1994 Reported
Quantity
Pounds
2,340,935,689
549,837,421
635,981,252
129,589,645
1,612,004,858
120,670,626
609,076,556
5,998,096,047
Relative
1994 Reported -
Quantity
Pounds
25,618,105
-59,568,408
1,990,044
1,766,402
18,236,089
9,005,616
-109,718,041
-112,670,193
Percent
of Total
39.0
9.2
10.6
2.2
26.9
2,0
10.2
100.0
Change
1994 Expected
Percent
Change
l.l
-10.8
0.3
1.4
l.l
7.5
-18.0
,-1.9 .
Amount Expected for 1994
Quantity
Pounds
2,315,317,584
609,405,829
633,991,208
127,823,243
1,593,768,769
111,665,010
718,794,597
6,1 10,766,240
< *
Percent
of Total
37.9
10.0
10,4
2.1
26.1
1.8
11.8
JOO.O '
, ,
Table 2-30. Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste from 1993 to 1994 for Facilities Not Reporting
Source Reduction Activities.®
Category
of Waste
Generated
Recycled On-site
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released
Total
Category
of Waste
Generated
Recycled On-site
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released
Total
1993 Reported
Quantity
Pounds
4,059,549,732
1,324,509,653
1,618,239,023
148,724,433
5,903,827,333
302,342,230
1,502,467,922
14,859,660,326
Percent
of Total
27.3
8.9
10.9
1.0
39.7
2.0
10.1
100.0
Absolute Change
1994-1993
Quantity
Pounds
76,765,779
61,076,211
346,338,875
-3,985,827
-56,962,124
10,723,557
-216,338,937
217,617,534 .
Percent
Change
1.9
4.6
21.4
-2.7
-1.0
3.5
-14.4
1.5 ,
1994 Reported
Quantity Percent
Pounds of Total
4,136,315,511 27.4
1,385,585,864 9.2
1,964,577,898 13.0
144,738,606 1.0
5,846,865,209 38.8
313,065,787 2.1
1,286,128,985 8.5
15,077,277,860 , 100.0
Relative Change
1994 Reported - 1994 Expected
Quantity Percent
Pounds Change
-302,315,578 -7,3
-44,365,723 -3.2
193,789,484 9.9
-19,633,081 -13.6
-251,905,522 -4.3
-4,288,357 -1.4
-282,226,350 -21.9
-710,945,127 -4.7
Amount Expected for 1994
Quantity
Pounds
4,438,631,089
1,429,951,587
1,770,788,414
164,371,687
6,098,770,731
317,354,144
1,568,355,335
15,788,222,987' --
Percent
of Total
28.1
9.1
11.2
1.0
38.6
2.0
9.9
100.0 " .
12,752 of the 53,077 Form Rs met these criteria.
42,325 of the 55,077 Form Rs met these criteria.
164
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Chapter 3
Year-to-year Comparison
of TRI Data
R
E
L
E
A
S
E
S
88 89 90 91 92 93 94
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
YEAR-TO-YEAR COMPARISON
OF TRI DATA
INTRODUCTION
Because TRI data are collected annually, they
can be used to measure the nation's progress in
reducing toxic chemical releases and off-site
transfers from manufacturing facilities. This
chapter attempts to measure such progress on a
national, state, industry, and chemical-specific
basis.
This chapter compares the 1994 data to the 1993
data to measure annual progress, and to the
1988 data to measure progress since the begin-
ning of the TRI program. Although 1987 was
the first year for TRI reporting, 1988 has been
chosen as the baseline year for comparisons
because of concerns about the data quality of
industry's submissions in the first year. Most
comparisons to 1988 data include data for 1988
and 1992-1994 only; data for other years have
been omitted for practical reasons.
Certain TRI reporting requirements have
changed since the inception of the program. It is
important to understand these changes and
consider their implications when comparing TRI
data across years.
Chemical List Changes
EPA has the authority to add chemicals to the
reporting list if they meet the statutory toxicity
criteria and to delete chemicals from the list if
they are determined not to meet the toxicity
criteria. Since 1987, EPA has deleted a number
of chemicals from the list, added others, and
modified the reporting requirements for others.
These chemical list changes are discussed in
detail in Appendix A: Questions and Answers.
In order to control for changes to the chemical
list over time, year-to-year comparisons
presented in this chapter are based on a consis-
tent set of chemicals that have been reportable
for all years being compared. This use of a
consistent set of chemicals ensures that any
year-to-year changes in release or transfer totals
seen here cannot be attributed to changes in the
list of reportable chemicals.
Because of this normalization process, release
and transfer totals presented in 1988-1994
comparison tables will differ slightly from totals
seen in 1993-1994 comparison tables and from
the totals for 1994 presented in Chapter 1 of this
report. The 1988-through-1994 comparisons do
not include aluminum oxide, ammonia, sulfuric
acid, or any chemicals that have been added to
or deleted from the chemical list since 1988.
The 1993-1994 comparisons do not include
ammonia, sulfuric acid, chemicals added to the
list in 1994, or any delisted chemicals. Compari-
sons for 1993-1994 do include aluminum oxide
(fibrous forms), as well as chemicals added to
the list beginning with the 1990 and 1991
reporting years.
167
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Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
There were a number of changes to the chemical
list between 1993 and 1994. Twenty-one chemi-
cals and two chemical categories from the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) list of hazardous wastes were added to
the TRI list. Eleven ozone-depleting hydro-
chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) also were added.
Acetone and butyl benzyl phthalate were deleted
from the list.
The individual listing for ammonium sulfate
(solution) also was deleted, but the ammonia
portion of this chemical remains reportable
under the listing for ammonia. This change is
explained in detail in Chapter 1. Because this
deletion was announced just prior to the
reporting deadline for the 1994 reports, facilities
were allowed to wait until their 1995 reports to
begin reporting under this new method. There-
fore, some ammonium sulfate (solution) reports
remain in the database for the 1994 reporting
year. However, data for ammonium sulfate
(solution) are not included in any year-to-year
comparisons in this chapter.
The reporting requirements for ammonia also
were modified effective with the 1994 reporting
year. These modifications are explained in detail
in Chapter 1. Because of these modifications,
data for ammonia are not included in any year-
to-year comparisons in this chapter.
Non-aerosol forms of sulfuric acid were
removed from the list effective with the 1994
reporting year. This means that only airborne
forms of this chemical count towards the report-
ing threshold and release calculations. Releases
of non-aerosol forms of sulfuric acid are no
longer reportable. Because of this modification
to the reporting requirements, this chemical is
not included in any year-to-year comparisons in
this chapter.
Threshold Changes
Facilities are required to report for a particular
chemical only if they meet the manufacture,
process, or otherwise use thresholds for that
chemical. The otherwise use threshold has
remained 10,000 pounds since the inception of
the program. However, the manufacture and
process thresholds began at 75,000 pounds for
1987, dropped to 50,000 pounds for 1988, and
dropped again to 25,000 pounds for 1989 and
later.
Due in part to these declining thresholds, the
number of facilities reporting to TRI and the
number of forms filed increased from 1987 to
1988 and again from 1988 to 1989. Thresholds
have not changed since 1989. Therefore,
threshold changes may have impacted the TRI
data between 1988 and 1989, but would not
affect data after 1989.
New Transfer Types
Beginning with the 1991 reporting year,
facilities were required to report transfers off-
site for the purposes of recycling and energy
recovery to TRI. Prior to 1991, facilities were
required to report only transfers to POTWs and
other off-site locations for the purposes of
treatment and disposal.
Because of this change in the reporting
requirements, total transfers for 1988 are not
comparable to total transfers for 1991 and
beyond. Comparisons between 1988 and 1994
transfers in this chapter include only those
transfer types that were reportable in 1988.
Comparisons between 1993 and 1994 transfers
include all transfer types reportable for 1991 and
beyond.
168
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Chapter 3 — Veer-to- Year Comparison of TRI Data 8
NATIONAL OVERVIEW
Total Releases
Reported releases of toxic chemicals to the
environment decreased by 186 million pounds
between 1993 and 1994, from 2.17 billion
pounds to 1.99 billion pounds. This represents a
decline of nearly 8.6%. Decreased surface water
discharges accounted for most (83.7%) of the
total decline in releases. Air emissions also
declined, while underground injection and land
releases each increased. Table 3-1 compares the
1994 TRI data to the 1993 data.
Nearly all of the decrease in surface water
discharges is attributable to large reductions
from just two facilities, as explained below in
the surface water section. If these two facilities
are excluded from the calculation, total releases
declined just 1.6% since 1993. Table 3-2 shows
the change in releases between 1993 and 1994,
excluding these two facilities.
Between 1988 and 1994, total releases
decreased by 1.56 billion pounds, a decline of
44.1%. Table 3-3 compares the 1994 TRI data
to the 1988 data. Table 3-4 shows the change in
releases from 1988 to 1994, excluding the two
fertilizer facilities in Louisiana discussed above.
Figure 3-1 shows the distribution by media of
TRI releases from 1988 to 1994. Figure 3-2
shows the distribution of releases if the two
fertilizer facilities mentioned above are
excluded from the data.
Total Transfers
Reported transfers of TRI chemicals to off-site
locations increased by 238 million pounds
between 1993 and 1994, from 3.22 billion
pounds to 3.46 billion pounds (see Table 3-1).
This represents an increase of nearly 7.4%
between 1993 and 1994. All types of off-site
transfers increased except transfers to POTWs.
Because transfers to recycling and energy
recovery were not reportable in 1988, total
transfers for 1994 cannot be compared to total
transfers for 1988. However, transfers to
POTWs and other off-site locations for the
purposes of treatment and disposal have
declined 33.6% since 1988.
Facilities and Forms
The number of facilities reporting to TRI
dropped 2.8% between 1993 and 1994, from
22,048 to 21,428. The number of individual
chemical reports dropped nearly 3.0%, from
69,485 in 1993 to 67,429 in 1994. However, it is
likely that the number of facilities and forms for
1994 will rise somewhat over time due to late
reporting and to resolution of outstanding data
quality problems which may have prevented
data entry of some submissions prior to the
preparation of this report.
Figure 3-3 shows the change in the number of
reporting facilities and the number of reports
submitted to TRI since 1988. The increase in the
number of reporting facilities and TRI reports
between 1988 and 1989 is probably due
primarily to the decrease in the reporting
threshold for the manufacture and processing of
chemicals, from 50,000 pounds in 1988 to
25,000 pounds in 1989. Since 1989, the number
of facilities and forms has declined steadily.
Releases by Media
Air Emissions
Total air emissions declined by more than 50
million pounds between 1993 and 1994, from
1.40 billion pounds to 1.35 billion pounds. This
represents a decrease of nearly 3.6% for total air
emissions between 1993 and 1994. Fugitive air
emissions declined by 8.5%, while stack or
point source air emissions declined by just
1.7%.
169
-------
Chapter 3 — yiear-fo-Vear Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-1. Comparison of TRI Releases and Transfers, 1993-1994.0
Total Facilities
Total Forms
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
Releases to Land
Total Releases
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Transfers to Disposal
Other Off-site Transfers©
Total Transfers
Total Releases and Transfers
1993
Number
22,048
69,485
Pounds
1,402,396,586
389,273,904
1,013,122,682
203,063,767
295,138,031
274,141,302
2,174,739,686
2,060,275,634
447,839,339
256,916,238
186,529,891
270,211,460
1,715,096
3,223,487,658
5,398,227,344
1994
Number
21,428
67,429
Pounds
1,352,195,299
356,126,095
996,069,204
47,044,261
306,828,184
282,364,269
1,988,432,013
2,234,400,339
463,143,491
292,125,249
180,836,213
287,339,738
3,527,303
- 3,461,372,333
, 5,449,804,346
1993-1994 Change
Number
-620
-2,056
Pounds
-50,201,287
-33,147,809
-17,053,478
-156,019,506
11,690,153
8,222,967
-186,307,673
174,124,705
15,304,152
35,209,01 1
-5,693,678
17,128,278
1,812,207
-237,884,675 ,
51,577,002
Percent
-2.81
-2.96
Percent
-3.58
-8.52
-1.68
-76.83
3.96
3.00
' -8.57 ,
8.45
3.42
13.70
-3.05
6.34
105.66
7.38
, 0.96
Table 3*2. Comparison of TRI Releases, Excluding Two IMC-Agrico Plants in Louisiana, 1993-1994.Q
Total Facilities
Total Forms
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water
Underground Injection
On-sitc Land Releases
Total Releases
1993
Number
22,046
69,477
Pounds
1,402,328,724
389,273,695
1,013,055,029
39,475,650
295,138,031
273,516,828
2,010,459,233
1994
Number
21,426
67,421
Pounds
1,352,110,722
356,125,732
995,984,990
37,828,629
306,828,184
281,468,948
' 1,978,236,483,
1993-1994
Number
-620
-2,056
Pounds
-50,218,002
-33,147,963
-17,070,039
-1,647,021
11,690,153
7,952,120
-32,222,750
Change
Percent
-2.81
-2.96
Percent
-3.58
-8.52
-1.69
-4.17
3.96
2.91
~ ' -1.60
Q Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
@ Transfers reported with no waste management codes or invalid codes.
170
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data |
Table 3-3. Comparison of TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988,1992-1994.©
Total Facilities
Total Forms
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total Releases •• " '
Transfers to Recycling©
Transfers to Energy Recovery©
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Transfers to Disposal
Other Off-site Transfers©
j-^M'Sye^es^MBlrranlftis':,;';-
1988
Number
21,046
66,571
Pounds
2,252,904,433
685.997,724
1,566.906,709
176,726,741
625,967,221
480.451,877
' £536,050^272
NA
NA
396,163,102
297,347,493
437,216,182
42,332,939
psfi^lBS^fpf
1992
Number
22,593
70,238
Pounds
1,560,000,713
440,840,803
1,119,159,910
195,589,595
366,495.726
327.557.956
2,609,433,782
430,564,881
256,555,922
225,951,692
216,682,649
13,028,083
1993
Number
21,938
68,567
Pounds
1,385,442,978
379,451,734
1,005,991,244
203,003.168
294,846,947
274.062.285
2,057,075,702
446,763,037
254,474,939
186,346,945
266,530,507
1,715,096
s^^lllli^
1994
Number
21,336
66,777
Pounds
1,340,980,491
350,014,102
990,966,389
47,011,773
306,651,731
282,267.922
2,233,603,858
462,709,225
290,143,755
180,440,724
280,466,676
3,527,303
1988-1994
Number
290
206
Pounds
-911,923,942
-335,983,622
-575,940,320
-129,714,968
-319,315,490
-198,183,955
'-1 .559,138,355
-106,019,347
-1 16,906,769
-156,749,506
tl^felfeLlfc^'iF'
Change
Percent
1.38
0.31
Percent
-40.48
-48.98
-36.76
-73.40
-51.01
-41.25
-44.09
-26.76
-39.32
-35.85
'«?>*, ,'•*"- ••"-'"-•: •
•""••=»' , •"•'•
->.#;> !:,'?£$
Table 3-4. Comparison of TRI Releases, Excluding Two IMC-Agrico Plants in Louisiana, 1988,1992-1994.©
Total Facilities
Total Forms
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
3|1piiKRe!easeSf ^-;': '';>?7c#;5?;i
1988
Number
21,044
66,560
Pounds
2,252,776,766
685,884,288
1,566,892,478
79,636,741
625,967,221
480,183,372
1992
Number
22,591
70,228
Pounds
1,559,770,102
440,706,923
1,119,063,179
71,258,921
366,495,726
326,989,750
1993
Number
21,936
68,559
Pounds
1,385,375,116
379,451,525
1,005,923,591
39,415,051
294,846,947
273,437,81 1
1994
Number
21,334
66,769
Pounds
1,340,895,914
350,013,739
990,882,175
37,796,141
306,651,731
281,372,601
1988-1994
Number
290
209
Pounds
-911,880,852
-335,870,549
-576,010,303
-41,840,600
-319,315,490
-198,810,771
ciSPii^s^
Change
Percent
1.38
0.31
Percent
-40.48
-48.97
-36.76
-52.54
-51.01
-41.40
:fS-**|fi>-
Does not include deltsted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
NA: Transfers for recyling or energy recovery were not required to be reported for 1988.
For 1992, 1993, and 1994, transfers reported with no waste management codes or invalid codes. For 1988, transfers reported
with no waste management codes, invalid codes, or codes not required to be reported in 1988.
171
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Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Millions of Pounds
4,000 T
3,500 -
3,000-
2,500 -
2,000 -
1,500-
1,000
500
0
D Total Air Emissions
• Surface Water
Q Underground Injection
H Releases to Land
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Figure 3-1. Distribution of TRI Releases, 1988-1994.0
Table 3-5 shows the 10 chemicals for which air
emissions have declined by the greatest amount
between 1993 and 1994. Emissions of 1,1,1-
triehloroethane, an ozone-depleting solvent,
declined by nearly 27 million pounds since
1993, a decrease of more than 41.2%. Two other
ozone-depleting chemicals, Freon 113 and
CFC-11, are also among the top 10 chemicals
for decreases in air emissions between 1993 and
1994. Production of these three chemicals was
scheduled for phase-out by January 1, 1996,
which probably accounts for the rapid decline in
emissions of these chemicals.
Although air emissions decreased overall
between 1993 and 1994, emissions of certain
chemicals increased. For example, air releases
of methanol increased by more than 42 million
0 Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfato (solution), and sulfuric acid.
172
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Datal
Millions of Pounds
4,000 T
3,500 -
3,000 -
2,500 -
2,000 -
1,500
1,000 -
500-
OTotal Air Emissions
HSurface Water
D Underground Injection
HOn-site Land Releases
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Figure 3-2. Distribution of TRI Releases, Excluding Releases from Two Louisiana Facilities, 1988-1994.Q
pounds between 1993 and 1994, an increase of
nearly 24%. Much, if not all, of the reported
increase in methanol emissions to air is a result
of changes in the methods used by pulp and
paper manufacturers to estimate their releases in
1994. Revised methanol emissions factors for
the paper industry were published in 1994,
leading to higher reported release estimates.
(See discussions of top increasers to air, water,
and land, later in this chapter.)
Since 1988, air emissions have declined by
912 million pounds, or 40.5%. Fugitive air
emissions have declined by nearly 49.0%, while
stack emissions have declined by just 36.8%.
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
173
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Chapter 3 •
• year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
80,000
70.000-
60,000-
• 1988
G1989
• 1990
D1991
1993
H1993
D1994
Facilities
Forms
Figure 3-3. TRI Facilities Reporting and Forms
Submitted, 1988-1994.©
Surface Water Discharges
Discharges to surface water decreased by 156
million pounds between 1993 and 1994, from
203 million pounds to 47 million pounds. This
represents a 76.8% decrease since 1993.
Virtually all of this decrease in surface water
discharges is attributable to large decreases from
just two fertilizer facilities in Louisiana. These
two facilities implemented pollution prevention
and control measures to decrease runoff of
phosphoric acid and other chemicals from their
phosphogypsum stacks. (These measures are
discussed in greater detail in the industry section
of this chapter.) Together, these two facilities
accounted for 154 million of the 156 million
pounds of decrease in surface water discharges.
If these two facilities are excluded from the
calculation, surface water discharges decreased
just 4.2% since 1993.
Table 3-6 shows the 10 chemicals with the
greatest decrease in surface water discharges
since 1993. Almost all of the decrease is due to
reduced releases of phosphoric acid, which
declined by nearly 155 million pounds, or
88.1%.
The total decrease in surface water discharges
between 1988 and 1994 was nearly 130 million
pounds or 73.4%. The decrease between 1988
and 1994 is less than the decrease between 1993
and 1994 because surface water discharge levels
were higher in 1993 than in 1988. Much of the
variability in surface water discharges reported
to TRI since 1988 has been due to fluctuations
in the levels reported by the same two fertilizer
facilities discussed above. When these two
facilities are excluded from the totals, surface
water discharges have declined by 52.5% since
1988.
Underground Injection
Reported underground injection of TRI chemi-
cals increased by nearly 12 million pounds
between 1993 and 1994, from 295 million
pounds to 307 million pounds. This represents
an increase of nearly 4.0%.
Table 3-7 shows the 10 chemicals with the
largest increase in reported underground injec-
tion between 1993 and 1994. Underground
injection of ammonium nitrate (solution)
increased by nearly 16 million pounds, which is
more than the net increase for all chemicals.
Underground injection of acrylic acid increased
by nearly 3 million pounds. On the other hand,
underground injection of methanol and of
0 Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
174
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Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-5. Top 10 Chemicals for Decreases in Total
Air Emissions, 1993-1994.0
Chemical
1 , 1 , 1 -Triehloroethane
Chlorine
Toluene
Carbon disulfide
Hydrochloric acid
Methyl ethyl ketone
Freon 113
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-1 1)
Chloroform
1993-1994
Pounds
-26,716,017
-15,615,664
-11,722,994
-10,541,175
-7,696,289
-7,491,848
-4,789,591
-4,340,739
-3,151,234
-2,929,41 1
Change
Percent
-41.25
-20.71
-6.51
-11.23
-9.58
-8.70
-48.55
-3.85
-51.29
-21.15
hydrochloric acid each decreased by more than
4 million pounds, and underground injection of
acetaldehyde decreased by more than 2 million
pounds.
Since 1988, reported underground injection of
TRI chemicals has decreased by 319 million
pounds, or 51.0%.
Land Releases
Releases to land increased by 8 million pounds
since 1993, from 274 million pounds to 282
million pounds. This represents an increase of
3.0% since 1993.
Table 3-6.
Top 10 Chemicals for Decreases in
Surface Water Discharges, 1993-1994.0
Chemical
Phosphoric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ethylene glycol
1 ,4-Dioxane
Propylene
Manganese
Chloroform
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chlorine
1993-1994
Pounds
-154,961,243
-693,550
-421,011
-405,248
-346,525
-170,536
-154,673
-88,450
-75,954
-74,536
Change
Percent
-88.12
-96.39
-5.69
-34.06
-53.12
-97.38
-63.50
-19.60
-41.20
-12.62
Table 3-8 shows the 10 chemicals with the
largest increase in land releases since 1993.
Land releases of phosphoric acid increased by
21 million pounds, or nearly 60.0%, while land
releases of zinc compounds increased by nearly
11 million pounds, or 16.5%. Seven chemicals
and chemical compound categories showed
declines of more than 1 million pounds in land
releases between 1993 and 1994, including
manganese compounds (-9.8 million pounds)
and ammonium nitrate (solution) (-4.9 million
pounds).
Land releases have decreased by 198 million
pounds, or 41.3%, since 1988.
Table 3-7. Top 10 Chemicals for Increases in
Underground Injection, 1993-1994.0
Chemical
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Acrylic acid
Formaldehyde
Acetonitrile
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Cyanide compounds
Nitrobenzene
Ethylbenzene
Aniline
1993-1994
Pounds
15,979,650
2,929,000
1,427,085
1,397,784
1,188.305
1,071,106
950,548
505,844
299,885
298,476
Change
Percent
45.38
83.52
22.61
8.90
29.63
28.01
41.53
163.47
89.80
21.86
Table 3-8. Top 10 Chemicals for Increases in
Releases to Land, 1993-1994.0
Chemical
Phosphoric acid
Zinc compounds
Copper compounds
Lead compounds
Manganese
Methanol
Antimony compounds
Styrene
Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate)
Aluminum (fume or dust)
1993-1994
Pounds
21,285,620
10,667,445
1,367,511
1,357,082
902,223
752,621
387,766
302,783
298,925
220,846
Change
Percent
59.96
16.54
3.41
10.20
11.90
40.68
44.12
170.03
749.58
23.94
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
175
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Chapters-
• Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Transfers by Type
Recycling
Transfers to off-site locations for recycling
increased by 174 million pounds since 1993,
from 2.06 billion pounds to more than 2.23
billion pounds. This represents an increase of
nearly 8.5% since 1993.
The chemicals with the largest increase in
transfers to recycling were copper (45.7 million
pounds), lead compounds (43.4 million pounds),
zinc compounds (35.3 million pounds), and
copper compounds (27.0 million pounds). The
chemical with the largest decrease in transfers to
recycling was aluminum (fume or dust) (-44.1
million pounds).
Energy Recovery
Transfers to off-site locations for energy
recovery increased from nearly 448 million
pounds in 1993 to 463 million pounds in 1994,
an Increase of 15 million pounds, or 3.4%.
The chemicals with the largest increase in
transfers to energy recovery were methanol (8,7
million pounds), methyl isobutyl ketone (6.8
million pounds), and xylene (mixed isomers)
(5.2 million pounds). The chemicals with the
largest decrease in transfers to energy recovery
were acrylic acid (-2.6 million pounds), ethylene
(-1.7 million pounds), and n-butyl alcohol (-1.5
million pounds).
Treatment
Transfers to off-site locations for the purposes
of treatment increased from 257 million pounds
in 1993 to 292 million pounds in 1993, an
increase of 35 million pounds, or 13.7%.
By far the largest increase was for 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene, which increased from just
623,111 pounds in 1993 to more than 29 million
pounds in 1994. One facility in Alabama
reported transferring nearly 29.0 million pounds
of this chemical off-site for treatment in 1994.
This facility has indicated that they reported this
quantity incorrectly on their Form R, and that
they intend to revise this amount to 4.7 pounds.
Other chemicals with large increases in transfers
to treatment included ethylene glycol (6.9
million pounds), lead compounds (2.9 million
pounds), and chromium compounds (2.3 million
pounds).
Chemicals with the greatest decreases in
transfers for treatment include methanol (-4.5
million pounds), hydrochloric acid (-3.7 million
pounds), and titanium tetrachloride (-2.6 million
pounds).
Transfers to off-site locations for treatment have
declined by 106 million pounds, or nearly
26.8%, since 1988.
POTWs
Reported transfers to POTWs decreased by
nearly 6 million pounds since 1993, from 187
million pounds to 181 million pounds. This
represents a decline of nearly 3.1%.
The chemicals with the largest decreases in
transfers to POTWs between 1993 and 1994
were methanol (-4.0 million pounds) and phenol
(-1,0 million pounds). Transfers of nitric acid
and ethylene glycol to POTWs each increased
by more than 1.2 million pounds.
Reported transfers to POTWs have decreased by
nearly 117 million pounds since 1988, a decline
of 39.3%.
176
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data \
is n M BI n n
Disposal
Transfers to off-site locations for disposal
increased by 17 million pounds since 1993,
from 270 million pounds to 287 million pounds.
This represents an increase of 6.3%.
The chemicals with the largest increase in
transfers to disposal were copper (7.6 million
pounds), aluminum (fume or dust) (5.5 million
pounds), and zinc compounds (4.5 million
pounds). The chemicals with the largest
decrease in transfers to disposal were barium
compounds (-5.4 million pounds), copper
compounds (-2.1 million pounds), and
chromium (-1.9 million pounds).
Transfers off-site for disposal have decreased by
157 million pounds, or 35.9%, since 1988.
Other Off-site Transfers
This category includes transfers that are
reported without valid waste management codes
and that therefore cannot be assigned to one of
the reporting categories. These transfers
increased from 1.7 million pounds in 1993 to
3.5 million pounds in 1994.
CHANGES IN RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS BY STATE
1993 -1994 Comparisons
Table 3-9 compares the total TRI releases
reported by each state for 1993 and 1994. The
five states with the largest reported decreases in
total TRI releases were Louisiana (-151.9 mil-
lion pounds), Utah (-20.2 million pounds),
Indiana (-16.7 million pounds), Kansas
(-11.2 million pounds), and California (-8.6 mil-
lion pounds). Reductions from these five states
exceed the total net reductions for the nation as
a whole from 1993 to 1994.
For four of these five states, the majority of the
decrease is attributable to just one or two
facilities. Many of these decreases are explained
in greater detail in the industry section of this
chapter.
In Louisiana, just two fertilizer facilities owned
by the IMC-Agrico Co. (St. James and Uncle
Sam, LA) accounted for more than 154 million
pounds of decrease in releases, more than the
net decrease for the state as a whole. Pollution
prevention and control measures implemented at
those facilities reduced surface water discharges
of phosphoric acid from phosphogypsum stacks.
In Utah, the Magnesium Corp. of America
(Rowley, UT) reduced its reported emissions of
chlorine and hydrochloric acid by 17.5 million
pounds. In Indiana, Inland Steel Co. (East
Chicago, EN) reduced its reported land releases
of manganese compounds and zinc compounds
by 9.5 million pounds. National Steel Corp.
(Portage, IN) reduced its underground injection
of hydrochloric acid by 2 million pounds. In
Kansas, 8.4 million pounds of the state's 11.2
million pound net decrease is attributable to
decreased underground injection of hydrochloric
acid at a Vulcan Chemicals facility in Wichita.
No single facility was responsible for a large
portion of California's decrease.
Figure 3-4 displays the states by percentage
change in TRI total releases from 1993 to 1994.
Twenty-two states and territories reported
decreases in total releases of more than 10%
between 1993 and 1994. In contrast, seven
states reported increases of more than 10% in
total TRI releases between 1993 and 1994.
1988-1994 Comparisons
Table 3-10 compares TRI total release data by
state for 1988 through 1994. Figure 3-5 displays
the states by 1988-through-1994 percent change
in total releases. Twenty-two states have
177
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-9. Change in Total TRI Releases by State, 1993-1994.®
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
1993
Pounds
97,044,992
2,774,493
23
11,904,836
29,048,965
44,609,725
4,189,292
12,463,948
4,439,059
0
57,081,600
41,874,404
497,296
1,837,747
88,909,645
87,972,232
22,112,031
29,062,990
33,547,362
272,895,836
9,510,067
11,842,873
10,268,854
75,149,291
22,449,157
101,489,318
48,572,671
44,660,078
9,673,034
7,807,738
3,235,073
15,380,343
23,023,257
39,749,207
78,684,672
906,881
103,026,054
16,962,391
15,661,480
47,510,980
10,747,848
3,326,066
47,554,397
1,881,545
140,696,468
217,934,330
91,212,717
634,992
1,579,504
48,642,085
19,300,009
20,012,881
31,197,686
12,189,263
2,174,739,686
Total Releases
1994
Pounds
89,008,485
1,666,926
0
30,496,747
32,298,422
36,014,634
3,753,194
10,162,575
4,131,573
23,791
82,502,671
45,285,043
511,642
2,421,895
86.824,911
71,284,121
22,674,281
17,825,505
31,612,873
120,989,248
7,472,416
12,273,039
8,618,704
79,274,017
19,820,156
113,572,311
45,261,106
46,428,463
8,148,145
3,009,347
2,362,034
13,565,119
17,140,215
33,460,345
80,168,094
925,658
99,136,216
15,018,525
15,492,799
47,732,279
9,175,214
2,879,940
44,857,708
1,953,496
146,796,177
214,203,015
70,976,752
610,448
960,560
46,784,956
22,196,444
19,645,371
30,341,283
18,683,124
1,988,432,013
1993-1994
Pounds
-8,036,507
-1,107,567
-23
18,591,911
3,249,457
-8,595,091
-436,098
-2,301,373
-307,486
23,791
25,421,071
3,410,639
14,346
584,148
-2,084,734
-16,688,111
562,250
-11,237,485
-1,934,489
-151,906,588
-2,037,651
430,166
-1,650,150
4,124,726
-2,629,001
12,082,993
-3,311,565
1,768,385
-1,524,889
-4,798,391
-873,039
-1,815,224
-5,883,042
-6,288,862
1,483,422
18,777
-3,889,838
-1,943,866
-168,681
221,299
-1,572,634
-446,126
-2,696,689
71,951
6,099,709
-3,731,315
-20,235,965
-24,544
-618,944
-1,857,129
2,896,435
-367,510
-856,403
6,493,861
-186,307,673
Change
Percent
-8.3
-39.9
-100.0
156.2
11.2
-19.3
-10.4
-18.5
-6.9
—
44.5
8.1
2.9
31.8
-2.3
-19.0
2.5
-38.7
-5.8
-55.7
-21.4
3.6
-16.1
5.5
-11.7
11.9
-6.8
4.0
-15.8
-61.5
-27.0
-11.8
-25.6
-15.8
1.9
2.1
-3.8
-11.5
-1.1
0.5
-14.6
-13.4
-5.7
3.8
4.3
-1.7
-22.2
-3.9
-39.2
-3.8
15.0
-1.8
-2.7
53.3
-8.6
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
178
-------
Alaska
*• Percent Change
More than 10% Increase
0% to 10% Increase
0% to 10% Decrease
LJ More than 10% Decrease
8
to
S5
o>
8
5-
o
o
Figure 3-4, Percent Change In Total TRI Releases by State, 1993-1994.
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-10. Change in Total TRI Releases by State, 1988-1994.®
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
1988
Pounds
110,190,351
6,202,969
0
66,056,724
40,676,039
97,587,329
13,764,589
32,538,115
7,824,996
500
96,971,689
81,660,530
934,888
7,897,545
118,262,723
169,719,507
36,349,251
104,566,611
82,349,308
435,022,400
16,017,141
19,586,600
27,009,031
98,791,863
54,771,818
94,356,620
87,440,536
35,718,989
13,889,359
2,316,380
12,287,173
36,676,671
30,251,617
95,608,577
125,148,109
1,130,649
166,274,307
34,084,754
17,599,713
99,845,415
12,367,527
6,351,321
61,846,536
2,313,572
159,647,465
310,984,718
134,108,351
1,597,565
1,847,998
115,320,445
26,132,977
33,152,240
50,777,033
42,221,138
3,536,050,272
Total
1992
Pounds
101,014,797
5,298,529
0
44,748,765
28,088,385
57,346,879
4,648,168
15,680,273
4,896,079
0
68,233,803
45,447,128
567,839
3,037,401
105,305,100
111,617,976
25,456,090
66,757,717
64,657,971
254,513,997
11,986,873
11,462,763
13,432,030
74,940,426
28,729,490
97,213,545
51,907,320
43,330,780
10,883,615
3,422,255
5,269,300
16,339,961
19,523,465
50,423,575
99,431,248
1,077,896
109,710,531
18,823,038
16,369,413
61,148,329
11,836,490
3,365,035
53,632,254
2,813,495
139,070,032
250,575,592
94,386,937
729,638
1,144,281
50,805,878
21,431,843
19,966,301
35,033,236
12,110,228
2,449,643,990
Releases
1993
Pounds
96,337,032
2,774,493
23
11,899,434
28,767,563
43,442,395
4,112,882
12,345,085
4,400,174
0
56,871,468
41,746,384
497,296
1,837,747
88,264,892
86,829,355
22,004,922
28,283,695
32,015,256
271,665,005
9,245,317
11,823,154
10,108,060
74,620,758
22,281,974
100,713,527
48,492,823
44,660,078
9,669,469
7,781,338
3,205,250
14,836,154
22,957,346
39,476,384
77,887,808
906,881
102,171,162
16,920,597
15,630,067
47,203,231
10,312,921
3,325,316
47,433,370
1 <70,305
ltu.373,722
215,849,946
91,140,797
618,742
1,579,504
48,113,216
19,209,586
19,655,231
30,996,980
12,189,263
2,157,355,378
1994
Pounds
88,255,736
1,666,926
0
30,481,566
32,123,196
35,042,391
3,743,684
10,148,215
4,131,537
23,791
82,451,588
45,248,317
511,642
2,421,895
86,492,880
70,230,589
22,592,325
17,656,450
30,368,433
120,016,789
7,472,416
12,267,170
8,579,439
79,026,472
19,698,919
112,958,196
45,252,423
46,428,463
8,148,145
3,009,347
2,361,779
12,826,607
17,140,073
33,387,071
79,652,099
925,658
98,556,174
15,017,647
15,459,895
47,589,065
8,962,176
2,879,190
44,785,797
1,953,496
146,697,619
213,061,076
70,974,458
610,448
960,560
46,243,051
22,139,919
19,323,581
30,272,414
18,683,124
1,976,911,917
1988-1994
Pounds
-21,934,615
-4,536,043
0
-35,575,158
-8,552,843
-62,544,938
-10,020,905
-22,389,900
-3,693,459
23,291
-14,520,101
-36,412,213
-423,246
-5,475,650
-31,769,843
-99,488,918
-13,756,926
-86,910.161
-51,980,875
-315,005.611
-8,544,725
-7,319,430
-18,429,592
-19,765,391
-35,072,899
18,601,576
-42,188,113
10,709,474
-5,741,214
692,967
-9,925,394
-23,850,064
-13,111,544
-62,221,506
-45,496,010
-204,991
-67,718,133
-19,067,107
-2,139,818
-52,256,350
-3,405,351
-3,472,131
-17,060,739
-360,076
-12,949,846
-97,923,642
-63,133,893
-987,117
-887,438
-69,077,394
-3,993,058
-13,828,659
-20,504,619
-23,538,014
-1,559,138,355
Change
Percent
-19.9
-73.1
—
-53.9
-21.0
-64.1
-72.8
-68.8
-47.2
4,658.2
-15.0
-44.6
-45.3
-69.3
-26.9
-58.6
-37.8
-83.1
-63.1
-72.4
-53.3
-37.4
-68.2
-20.0
-64.0
19.7
-48.2
30.0
-41.3
29.9
-80.8
-65.0
-43.3
-65.1
-36.4
-18.1
-40.7
-55.9
-12.2
-52.3
-27.5
-54.7
-27.6
-15.6
-8.1
-31.5
-47.1
-61.8
-48.0
-59.9
-15.3
-41.7
-40.4
-55.7
-44.1
(D Does not include dclisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfatc (solution), and sulfuric acid.
180
-------
Alaska
Puerto Rico
Percent Change
Increase
0% to 25% Decrease
25% to 50% Decrease
U More than 50% Decrease
I
f
to
1
I
§
o
...E.
2 Figure 3-5. Percent Change in Total TRI Releases by State, 1988-1994.
-------
Chapter 3—year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Millions of Pounds
450
400-
—*—Texas
• «i- Tennessee
—•—Louisiana
-•*- Mississippi
—*— Ohio
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Figure 3-6. Total TRI Releases, 1988-1994, of Top Five States for Total Releases in 1994.®
reduced their releases by more than 50% since
1988. Five of these states (Kansas, New Hamp-
shire, Alaska, Colorado, and Louisiana) have
reduced their releases by more than 70%. Only
three states (Montana, Nevada, and Mississippi)
and the District of Columbia reported increased
TRI releases between 1988 and 1994,
Figure 3-6 shows the change in total TRI
releases from 1988 through 1994 for the five
states with the greatest quantity of TRI releases
in 1994.
Texas, currently ranked first in the nation for
total TRI releases, has reduced its releases by 98
million pounds since 1988, a decline of 31.5%.
Air emissions have decreased by 74 million
pounds; land releases have decreased by 20
million pounds, and underground injection has
decreased by nearly 4 million pounds. Surface
water discharges have increased slightly.
Tennessee, now ranked second in the nation for
total releases, has reduced its releases by 13
million pounds since 1988, a decrease of only
8.1%. Air releases have decreased by 15 million
pounds and land releases have decreased by 8
million pounds. Underground injection has
increased by 11 million pounds. Surface water
discharges have decreased by 0.6 million
pounds.
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991 and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
182
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
it te 11 ft «s *4
Louisiana, now ranked third in the nation for
total releases, has reduced its releases by 315
million pounds since 1988, a decrease of 72.4%.
This is the largest decrease of any state in terms
of pounds. Louisiana's underground injection
has decreased by 205 million pounds, water
discharges have decreased by 107 million
pounds, and air releases have decreased by 5
million pounds. Land releases have increased.
Mississippi's TRI releases have increased from
94 million pounds in 1988 to 113 million
pounds in 1994, an increase of 19.7%. Because
of this, Mississippi has moved from 17th in the
nation for total TRI releases in 1988 to fourth in
the nation in 1994. Underground injection has
increased by more than 16 million pounds, and
air emissions have increased by 5 million
pounds. Land and water releases have
decreased.
Fifth-ranked Ohio has reduced its releases by 68
million pounds since 1988, a decrease of 40.7%.
Air releases have decreased by 55 million
pounds, land releases by 8 million pounds, and
underground injection by 4 million pounds.
Releases to surface water also decreased.
Table 3-11 presents the complete release and
transfer information for each state for 1988 and
1992-1994. No reports were received from
Guam or the Northern Mariana Islands for any
year 1988-1994. No reports were received from
the District of Columbia for any year 1990-
1993.
CHANGE IN RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS BY INDUSTRY
1993-1994 Comparisons
Between 1993 and 1994, 17 of the 20 industry
groups covered by TRI reported decreased
releases. Only three industry groups (apparel,
lumber, and paper) reported increases. Facilities
reporting more than one major industry group
("multiple codes") also reported increased
releases. Table 3-12 presents the 1993-to-1994
change in TRI total releases by industry group.
The chemical industry accounted for the largest
decrease in total releases between 1993 and
1994, nearly 176 million pounds. Industries
reporting the highest reductions in percentage
terms were measurement/photographic instru-
ments (-30.5%), chemicals (-19.9%), and leather
(-19.2%).
1988-1994 Comparisons
Between 1988 and 1994, the chemical industry
accounted for 622 million pounds of total TRI
release reductions. Facilities reporting "multiple
codes" accounted for nearly 304 million pounds
of release reductions. Primary metals followed,
with 202 million pounds of reductions between
1988 and 1994. Table 3-13 presents the 1988-
through-1994 changes in total TRI releases by
industry group.
The largest decreases in percentage terms
between 1988 and 1994 were reported by the
electrical equipment (75.0%), leather (69.9%),
and measurement/photographic instruments
(68.5%) industries, as well as by facilities
reporting "multiple codes" (68.0%). The
chemical industry has reduced its releases by
47.0% since 1988, compared to the overall rate
of 44.1% for all industry groups. The primary
metals industry, which accounted for the second
largest quantity of TRI releases in 1994, has
reported decreases of 40.8% since 1988, some-
what below the average. The paper industry,
which accounted for the third largest quantity of
TRI releases in 1994, has reduced its releases
just 4.0% since 1988.
Table 3-14 presents the complete release and
transfer data by industry group for 1988 through
1994.
183
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-11. TRI Releases and Transfers by State, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Facilities
Number
493
480
472
382
13
8
6
6
1
2
1
1
170
177
184
173
367
364
362
316
1,443
1,580
1,709
1,784
177
175
188
176
332
364
391
436
63
68
64
61
5
1
485
480
499
473
672
689
696
604
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
82,388,173
88,504,979
89,229,229
102,412,902
843,495
1,269,626
2,104,619
2,074,739
0
18
0
0
5,337,105
4,074,255
7,038,537
12,776,419
20,614,807
21,131,317
20,683,869
30,659,151
29,806,526
36,031,314
46,409,993
81,047,636
3,568,117
3,860,150
4,405,827
10,988,667
8,090,466
10,174,631
12,956,407
25,386,918
3,935,971
4,155,746
4,639,958
7,291,843
4,891
250
23,377,322
20,578,095
23,231,872
30,836,626
40,944,197
37,932,566
42,047,989
70,107,026
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
1,723,708
3,312,051
3,707,604
1,508,962
821,080
1,503,050
3,193,531
4,125,752
0
5
0
0
39
47
5
2,250
275,467
264,581
383,513
613,447
3,776,397
2,538,099
9,404,853
9,503,104
21,767
27,321
27,842
14,686
2,056,214
1,797,346
2,719,970
5,618,997
37,937
70,181
117,611
293,377
1,600
250
571,558
263,918
212,833
933,309
2,841,881
2,541,440
2,313,437
2,224,347
Underground
Injection
Pounds
251
145,613
2,268,746
1,734,717
35
42
42
1,018
.0
0
0
0
11
18
0
0
9,175,393
4,924,516
4,795,448
7,480,769
458,806
3,763,312
4,793
76,653
0
500
500
1,000
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
13,480,599
10,798,164
11,469,163
34,541,216
0
0
10
59,467
Releases
to Land
Pounds
4,143,604
4,374,389
5,809,218
4,533,770
2,316
1,775
337
1,460
0
0
0
0
25,144,411
7,825,1 14
37,710,223
53,278,055
2,057,529
2,447,149
2,225,555
1,922,672
1,000,662
1,109,670
1,527,240
6,959,936
153,800
224,911
213,999
2,760,236
1,535
373,108
3,896
1,531,950
157,629
174,247
138,510
239,776
17,300
0
45,022,109
25,231,291
33,319,935
30,660,538
1,462,239
1,272,378
1,085,692
9,269,690
Total
Releases
Pounds
88,255,736
96,337,032
101,014,797
110,190,351
1,666,926
2,774,493
5,298,529
6,202,969
0
23
0
0
30,481,566
11,899,434
44,748,765
66,056,724
32,123,196
28,767,563
28,088,385
40,676,039
35,042,391
43,442,395
57,346,879
97,587,329
3,743,684
4,112,882
4,648,168
13,764,589
10,148,215
12,345,085
15,680,273
32,538,115
4,131,537
4,400,174
4,896,079
7,824,996
23,791
500
82,451,588
56,871,468
68,233,803
96,971,689
45,248,317
41,746,384
45,447,128
81,660,530
184
-------
Chapter 3 — Vear-fo-Fear Comparison of TRfData
Table 3-11.
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
36,108,383
30,990,298
22,854,936
NA
353,880
450,043
242,373
NA
0
0
0
NA
36,695,158
46,127,284
24,751,359
NA
73,518,266
43,629,143
27,323,354
NA
62,505,925
65,502,932
57,810,813
NA
10,523,776
9,517,638
9,233,097
NA
24,056,781
23,552,106
20,697,536
NA
13,264,644
15,054,760
7,074,824
NA
66,611
NA
17,969,309
17,633,861
15,714,817
NA
48,264,523
50,627,458
52,007,573
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery®
Pounds
13,755,165
11,603,645
11,112,868
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
655,103
557,905
634,565
NA
5,604,842
5,504,062
4,626,855
NA
7,551,005
8,275,561
11,240,432
NA
3,542,793
2,280,172
1,470,789
NA
2,033,601
3,906,411
4,299,417
NA
2,287,856
422,921
1,312,216
NA
0
NA
2,080,706
3,029,480
4,420,677
NA
7,827,01 1
6,627,886
6,522,264
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
39,144,387
7,424,038
9,334,606
8,285,370
112,330
2,364
3,088
0
0
7
0
0
2,412,158
2,326,760
2,158,428
982,495
1,382,781
1,269,760
1,358,843
2,439,797
5,999,724
5,376,859
5,810,933
16,024,681
1,689,133
3,578,217
2,965,298
2,331,230
5,725,522
5,954,352
4,713,862
9,719,180
775,737
972,410
671,586
2,427,914
0
250
3,126,444
3,409,241
3,917,171
5,944,189
2,554,773
2,094,328
2,771,499
8,369,342
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
188,461
204,644
591,523
943,880
1,265
20
20
1,000
0
0
0
0
261,946
254,110
228,846
1,478,834
174,748
147,948
116,709
749,666
8,037,816
11,311,102
11,231,039
9,305,018
225,328
273,640
162,494
388,033
562,982
532,142
771,963
1,997,330
2,781,574
2,907,102
2,323,026
2,737,652
113,832
250
3,541,973
8,821,649
11,943,109
15,451,583
1,164,608
2,276,556
3,038,722
6,523,447
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
13,210,337
7,381,575
6,141,834
6,161,111
0
20
40
1,750
0
0
0
0
282,475
201,435
140,183
614,911
2,023,857
1,090,099
5,043,896
5,089,647
8,379,267
9,090,119
4,742,175
18,968,732
312,368
436,815
219,109
2,570,860
874,356
889,615
938,089
5,341,323
454,131
1 19,692
42,014
1,711,169
30,012
0
1,034,830
1,494,269
1,768,496
1,709,848
3,817,045
3,365,442
7,785,116
19,286,232
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
12,054
0
3,957,959
153,541
1,450
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,300
150
5
57,427
286,634
53,045
61,320
27,343
4,011,443
14,082
4,050
250
76,836
710
926
202,827
329,123
0
0
0
19,894
0
0
212,822
223,315
1,500
1,550,157
323
504
668,510
768,201
Total
Transfers©
Pounds
102,418,787
57,604,200
53,993,726
NA
468,925
452,447
245,521
NA
0
7
0
NA
40,306,840
49,467,494
27,913,381
NA
82,704,644
51,641,017
38,527,084
NA
92,526,782
99,617,893
90,862,735
NA
16,307,480
16,090,532
14,051,037
NA
33,253,952
34,835,552
31,623,694
NA
19,563,942
19,476,885
11,423,666
NA
210,455
NA
27,966,084
34,611,815
37,765,770
NA
63,628,283
64,992,174
72,793,684
NA
185
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-11. TRI Releases and Transfers by State, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),® Continued.
State
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94 .
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Facilities
Number
15
15
18
25
58
57
50
47
1,284
1,312
1,344
1,278
992
996
1,012
818
390
393
398
358
264
268
270
218
396
415
422
335
303
292
299
283
92
95
98
97
185
180
200
185
499
538
591
634
903
929
945
884
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
506,864
494,006
564,985
716,843
1,562,729
1,297,563
2,047,650
3,067,646
55,569,873
55,772,254
66,345,658
99,007,360
63,827,962
67,142,340
74,806,661
100,520,954
20,822,390
19,209,914
23,646,336
35,519,742
14,718,183
16,389,603
19,368,615
26,295,954
29,321,466
30,834,652
34,275,375
46,181,846
60,216,454
54,264,212
60,550,213
65,301,397
6,381,156
7,325,329
10,063,928
14,806,286
9,501,112
9,339,847
9,600,549
17,212,475
8,553,454
10,030,592
13,321,016
26,060,100
61,575,318
61,045,186
59,726,833
87,148,476
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
1,250
1,000
1,010
2,500
19,704
11,993
88,983
31,450
134,687
165,112
182,080
508,835
221,066
455,451
485,160
1,930,704
412,169
507,697
302,547
196,273
337,715
688,782
684,852
593,123
242,435
167,748
200,935
416,123
21,418,818
177,968,358
148,761,005
128,119,143
449,473
543,900
470,882
271,995
398,119
274,976
279,398
527,847
7,025
25,549
15,712
44,550
796,505
475,877
437,145
978,289
Underground
Injection
Pounds
1,023
530
334
12,300
0
0
0
0
10,163,485
12,551,415
20,918,170
7,230,184
3,916,906
6,482,416
2,847,581
6,430,899
0
0
0
5
2,299,694
10,996,016
46,217,879
77,206,210
0
0
29,039,810
30,000,250
34,418,965
35,701,844
43,453,270
239,821,209
0
0
5
0
500
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
6,938,853
4,281,194
4,822,772
5,012,024
Releases
to Land
Pounds
2,505
1,760
1,510
203,245
839,462
528,191
900,768
4,798,449
20,624,835
19,776,111
17,859,192
11,516,344
2,264,655
12,749,148
33,478,574
60,836,950
1,357,766
2,287,311
1,507,207
633,231
300,858
209,294
486,371
471,324
804,532
1,012,856
1,141,851
5,751,089
3,962,552
3,730,591
1,749,509
1,780,651
641,787
1,376,088
1,452,058
938,860
2,367,439
2,208,331
1,582,816
1,846,276
18,960
51,919
95,302
904,381
9,715,796
8,818,501
9,953,676
. 5,653,074
Total
Releases
Pounds
511,642
497,296
567,839
934,888
2,421,895
1,837,747
3,037,401
7,897,545
86,492,880
88,264,892
105,305,100
118,262,723
70,230,589
86,829,355
111,617,976
169,719,507
22,592,325
22,004,922
25,456,090
36,349,251
17,656,450
28,283,695
66,757,717
104,566,611
30,368,433
32,015,256
64,657,971
82,349,308
120,016,789
271,665,005
254,513,997
435,022,400
7,472,416
9,245,317
11,986,873
16,017,141
12,267,170
11,823,154
11,462,763
19,586,600
8,579,439
10,108,060
13,432,030
27,009,031
79,026,472
74,620,758
74,940,426
98,791,863
186
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-11, Cont.
State
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
45,146
39,148
26,749
NA
423,532
318,850
345,717
NA
90,341,416
79,595,067
106,900,082
NA
194,506,886
158,587,595
805,012,013
NA
41,594,654
23,242,589
17,531,205
NA
45,265,275
38,712,575
36,731,793
NA
53,964,183
48,464,041
45,624,121
NA
50,759,307
43,706,732
31,213,533
NA
2,802,353
3,030,202
2,536,206
NA
8,656,609
22,960,220
9,763,841
NA
26,251,690
19,179,923
19,641,723
NA
143,392,284
168,418,082
116,329,209
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery®
Pounds
6,220
0
0
NA
56,534
151,454
173,948
NA
29,933,462
33,289,443
29,478,599
NA
13,166,847
15,329,051
16,936,710
NA
5,180,063
4,460,117
3,146,253
NA
2,448,075
1,970,629
2,287,730
NA
6,815,348
7,612,023
5,829,696
NA
6,729,653
6,338,669
6,889,970
NA
470,705
578,605
410,715
NA
1,072,056
2,214,534
982,303
NA
6,208,403
6,243,163
7,013,560
NA
78,147,044
69.335,744
65,644,311
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
4,820
790
15
0
103,761
45,275
69,895
16,069
13,699,946
15,015,489
13,084,963
24,023,870
28,030,463
29,181,215
36,643,766
19,505,473
1,332,756
1,742,186
1,271,794
1,056,010
1,297,557
1,328,948
1,271,238
1,870,215
5,635,355
7,695,618
8,685,842
14,228,847
4,827,535
5,196,421
4,615,762
3,249,099
231,128
230,109
211,932
292,808
1,560,854
1,635,396
1,668,389
2,991,124
5,230,669
3,895,570
5,010,355
12,097,543
15,533,571
11,578,937
12,351,011
24,880,265
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
50,000
5,000
30,000
3,250
214,827
311,931
87,298
352,627
23,036,311
24,949,516
34,776,956
29,897,200
1,852,448
948,539
1,813,206
6,105,169
6,958,444
6,369,608
6,238,178
5,737,942
1,938,708
2,233,532
3,114,967
2,327,174
1,020,357
1,205,077
M87.767
2,103,538
336,794
136,994
60,537
3,533,503
221,365
169,651
168,893
524,964
2,742,195
3,429,130
3,466,755
3,407,425
3,743,631
4,220',878
4,085,384
8,037,929
9,281,838
7,381,287
9,533,439
10,653,341
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
17,371
14,982
163,500
13,682
12,735
4,222
20,519
65,184
16,063,963
15,984,551
14,068,328
26,349,825
15,827,056
14,102,092
13,553,956
24,177,842
2,765,831
1,248,316
1,813,915
4,430,321
5,984,124
9,245,334
9,137,763
1,720,063
2,895,482
2,880,194
3,032,408
16,750,624
2,796,815
2,438,202
3,427,292
9,994,462
808,320
200,455
873,971
705,438
914,763
323,450
374,311
2,019,710
1,374,026
1,241,354
1,742,847
5,903,014
27,030,022
27,207,289
18,179,510
45,453,929
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
5,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
13,170
22,844
777,646
3,586,065
254
750
925,056
932,098
7,817
750
68,865
201,088
0
632
62,957
171,596
46,960
510
671,808
1,462,073
0
0
250
184,152
0
0
4,320
30,883
206,000
0
1,830
130,866
2,710
22,612
177,624
941,039
425,984
26,328
56,118
6,293,497
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
128,557
59,920
220,264
NA
811,389
831.732
697,377
NA
173,088,268
168,856,910
199,086,574
NA
253,383,954
218,149,242
874,884,707
NA
57,839,565
37,063,566
30,070,210
NA
56,933,739
53,491,650
52,606,448
NA
70,377,685
67,857,463
65,331,642
NA
65,450,104
57,817,018
46,207,344
NA
4,533,871
4,209,022
4,206,037
NA
15,152,477
30,562,730
16,257,429
NA
42,811,129
34,803,500
37,671,493
NA
273,810,743
283,947,667
222,093,598
NA
187
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-11. TRI Releases and Transfers by State, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),® Continued.
State
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
• 92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Facilities
Number
486
502
525
420
296
289
281
249
547
566
572
530
21
22
21
25
148
155
163
141
39
39
44
34
100
110
119
146
636
667
724
844
43
41
43
32
720
796
854
908
841
885
899
838
32
32
36
29
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
18,590,703
20,255,983
27,328,139
51,680,793
50,221,565
38,981,658
39,597,336
45,220,153
27,928,204
29,581,991
33,749,013
46,426,443
2,865,577
2,040,660
2,363,961
2,779,129
7,719,925
9,294,776
10,519,753
13,684,215
708,096
676,225
743,109
604,909
2,316,049
3,141,075
5,203,812
11,869,436
12,366,619
13,468,210
15,424,878
32,837,471
1,194,155
971,752
1,127,790
1,421,730
30,960,032
37,357,894
47,899,220
91,217,143
61,735,440
61,773,330
78,350,775
109,172,020
925,120
905,835
1,046,866
1,097,294
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
155,237
47,198
97,923
360,857
904,931
1,109,800
892,493
1,846,391
973,320
998,110
908,547
1,554,612
77,797
12,747
20,344
33,264
107,159
112,584
277,645
165,660
0
0
250
250
34,482
55,639
57,409
36,122
281,183
724,619
333,380
980,325
2,913
5,614
6
255
691,682
993,668
951,991
1,385,294
636,677
371,889
465,641
453,182
23
514
271
93
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
48
0
0
57,032,511
56,052,146
52,002,744
40,506,563
0
0
250
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
750
2,950
0
0
0
0
760
5
0
251
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
952,979
1,978,745
1,303,428
2,730,168
4,799,189
4,569,923
4,720,972
6,783,513
16,350,899
17,912,722
17,249,510
39,458,981
43,485,089
42,606,671
40,946,475
32,906,596
321,061
262,109
86,217
39,484
2,301,251
7,105,113
2,678,896
1,711,221
11,243
8,536
8,079
381,615
178,800
643,325
580,953
2,855,925
15,943,005
21,979,980
18,395,669
28,829,632
1,734,597
1,124,817
1,572,364
3,005,889
17,279,982
15,742,589
20,614,832
15,522,907
515
532
30,759
33,262
Total
Releases
Pounds
19,698,919
22,281,974
28,729,490
54,771,818
112,958,196
100,713,527
97,213,545
94,356,620
45,252,423
48,492,823
51,907,320
87,440,536
46,428,463
44,660,078
43,330,780
35,718,989
8,148,145
9,669,469
10,883,615
13,889,359
3.009,347
7,781,338
3,422,255
2,316,380
2,361,779
3,205,250
5,269,300
12,287,173
12,826,607
14,836,154
16,339,961
36,676,671
17,140,073
22,957,346
19,523,465
30,251,617
33,387,071
39,476,384
50,423,575
95,608,577
79,652,099
77,887,808
99,431,248
125,148,109
925,658
906,881
1,077,896
1,130,649
188
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-11,Cont.
State
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
16,996,430
15,130,573
17,151,988
NA
30,461,713
24,970,483
31,051,595
NA
61,260,318
45,168,453
183,396,073
NA
2,406,947
1,941,469
2,480,412
NA
44,837,589
23,340,834
22,960,400
NA
378,351
414,092
419,922
NA
9.636,464
7,675,152
6,699,320
NA
58,326,088
55,414,637
42,612,975
NA
195,476
410,078
297,832
NA
82,181,492
79,920,576
57,848,381
NA
95,988,523
93,563,539
110,392,335
NA
404,050
219,148
1 14,470
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery®
Pounds
2,628,385
4,779,276
4,480,765
NA
3,499,239
3,742,764
3,232,805
NA
16,716,104
7,609,137
8,093,673
NA
43,953
73,105
117,029
NA
679,798
756,829
1,079,925
NA
5,950
4,579
12,816
NA
323,433
279,391
394,580
NA
28,312,534
24,768,922
24,263,637
NA
147,266
159,460
157,425
NA
8,244,490
6,265,593
8,637,399
NA
7,666,326
9,463,795
9,476,979
NA
10,140
44,377
60,934
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
1,964,339
1,853,146
2,311,249
3,719,549
1,977,951
770,780
1,349,449
3,538,654
15,069,398
17,233,762
6,752,714
5,529,427
7,871
10,595
10,962
4,456
233,642
170,101
173,550
434,449
7,899
17,275
24,033
387,825
390,197
400,933
509,474
1,448,099
11,141,248
8,806,777
10,140,673
26,442,952
89,484
77,083
67,985
67,790
6,591,965
6,264,165
7,360,207
17,326,159
11,745,340
3,736,218
4,693,302
7,670,608
93,975
61,618
48,296
79,047
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
5,983,343
4,029,773
4,004,474
4,330,371
674,978
588,075
541,616
1,066,361
1,736,662
2,564,151
2,718,311
5,029,067
633
2,522
1,298
1,312
269,060
225,153
387,281
268,602
9,049
7,029
9,734
13,755
145,259
202,054
257,916
346,762
25,275,231
28,322,383
33,254,329
45,273,797
319,249
239,926
132,118
25,606
5,319,280
5,230,649
6,286,714
12,907,383
1,634,651
1,564,154
1,674,975
4,060,363
198,863
166,136
191,497
25,503
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
1,119,916
600,873
664,362
1,605,719
1,416,905
1,163,188
1,251,182
3,554,970
5,138,465
3,797,347
2,670,603
5,488,635
111,198
58,019
152,430
42,914
5,723,874
3,827,754
3,880,779
3,427,994
67,203
78,090
89,085
63,875
140,072
454,824
354,323
1,667,347
1,848,981
2,294,787
2,347,307
35,542,318
98,520
34,619
11,984
149,017
8,027,076
5,615,214
5,088,943
11,986,128
2,616,183
4,758,714
4,536,743
10,401,552
11,281
3,753
40,358
65,740
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
22,495
11,611
5,772
4,200
555
447,895
52,936
4,905
54,977
2,034,835
0
0
0
0
0
260
242,726
25,850
0
0
0
0
12,168
120,322
1,000
479,009
250
19,028
195,187
2,604,680
11,000
0
0
0
500
18,673
254,438
571,843
6,841
263
744,742
426,740
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
28,692,413
26,393,641
28,635,333
NA
38,036,558
31,239,490
37,427,202
NA
99,973,883
76,377,755
203,686,351
NA
2,570,602
2,085,710
2,762,131
NA
51,743,963
28,320,931
28,724,661
NA
468,452
521,065
555,590
NA
10,647,593
9,132,676
8,216,613
NA
124,904,332
119,626,534
112,814,108
NA
860,995
921,166
667,344
NA
110,364,803
103,314,870
85,476,082
NA
119,657,864
113,086,683
131,519,076
NA
718,309
495,032
455,555
NA
189
-------
{Chapter 3—Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-11. TRI Releases and Transfers by State, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),® Continued.
State
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Facilities *
Number
1,629
1,642
1,676
1,504
261
248
252
205
246
249
254
210
1,178
1,202
1,258
1,109
157
166
169
177
139
151
158
183
463
463
470
372
63
65
63
50
643
660
643
544
1,150
1,161
1,187
1,106
150
143
132
120
32
40
47
55
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
63,407,946
68,638,403
76,931,756
118,546,816
13,447,458
12,502,119
16,422,426
28,642,048
14,746,354
13,840,619
13,725,510
16,557,580
45,376,354
45,610,136
55,571,658
81,426,219
8,960,021
10,305,399
11,786,271
12,204,353
2,878,312
3,304,246
3,317,352
6,248,239
43,487,884
46,309,175
51,591,820
60,076,357
1,770,192
1,697,813
2,813,485
2,311,821
85,332,285
84,128,848
87,388,977
100,299,476
115,666,296
124,889,206
140,696,217
190,233,034
61,497,321
79,659,656
84,487,982
120,275,480
609,938
618,232
719,527
1,485,266
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
657,323
583,993
816,720
1,235,032
130,053
295,627
370,458
203,968
252,382
286,111
193,714
183,428
380,497
427,234
604,250
1,671,835
2,130
2,115
17,211
60,349
808
21,070
35,303
58,245
587,237
554,069
480,956
661,655
3,205
18
5
1,500
573,099
369,711
445,597
1,195,266
2,077,161
559,656
12,694,186
1,617,294
7,184
6,804
4,067
129,605
250
250
2,363
87,958
Underground
Injection
Pounds
12,305,911
12,178,789
8,819,515
16,058,548
1,039,031
1,086,343
1,752,102
4,029,574
0
0
0
1
0
750
250
750
4
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
55,465,257
49,652,761
47,688,970
44,651,370
82,131,900
75,343,238
80,058,471
85,993,041
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
22,184,994
20,769,977
23,142,540
30,433,911
401,105
3,036,508
278,052
1,209,164
461,159
1,503,337
2,450,189
858,704
1,832,214
1,165,111
4,972,171
16,746,611
21
5,407
32,758
102,825
70
0
12,380
44,837
710,676
570,126
1,559,478
1,108,524
180,099
172,474
5
251
5,326,978
6,222,402
3,546,488
13,501,353
13,185,719
15,057,846
17,126,718
33,141,349
9,469,953
11,474,337
9,894,888
13,703,266
260
260
7,748
24,341
Total
Releases
Pounds
98,556,174
102,171,162
109,710,531
166,274,307
15,017,647
16,920,597
18,823,038
34,084,754
15,459,895
15,630,067
16,369,413
17,599,713
47,589,065
47,203,231
61,148,329
99,845,415
8,962,176
10,312,921
11,836,490
12,367,527
2,879,190
3,325,316
3,365,035
6,351,321
44,785,797
47,433,370
53,632,254
61,846,536
1,953,496
1,870,305
2,813,495
2,313,572
146,697,619
140,373,722
139,070,032
159,647,465
213,061,076
215,849,946
250,575,592
310,984,718
70,974,458
91,140,797
94,386,937
134,108,351
610,448
618,742
729,638
1,597,565
190
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-11, Cont.
State
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
217,627,558
190,606,668
175,606,385
NA
22,144,932
21,033,942
13,522,930
NA
21,900,125
19,793,491
15,933,714
NA
141,403,265
144,227,763
119,088,943
NA
10,166,282
14,570,958
12,161,802
NA
15,414,355
11,729.618
10,659,501
NA
85,838,006
112,313,971
69,579,558
NA
637,674
347,785
299,902
NA
54,228,823
42,292,664
48,460,375
NA
128,539,686
112,800,780
113,369,088
NA
6,385,468
4,681,733
5,746,012
NA
1,240,337
3,978,943
4,317,515
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
37,109,116
28,169,470
34,398,305
NA
2,141,268
2,551,210
1,158,988
NA
622,970
507,694
546,850
NA
18,253,584
19,514,650
17,404,022
NA
9,577,095
5,528,623
7,330,854
NA
490,836
434,830
384,987
NA
9,988,420
8,978,876
7,569,639
NA
99,166
213,793
271,863
NA
8,059,979
8,067,519
10,614,062
NA
74,824,591
82,102,557
80,626,217
NA
129,217
190,102
206,640
NA
120,690
177,002
530,150
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
20,406,544
28,066,116
27,097,634
36,372,829
964,405
970,299
1,348,882
2,742,546
587,897
643,361
780,841
1,216,323
17,049,681
16,997,698
18,487,590
35,412,500
5,403,816
5,333,524
4,508,287
4,317,036
491,977
518,803
554,675
1,390,084
6,810,715
7,252,736
6,514,122
4,845,463
37,362
46,057
96,307
193,764
2,340,901
2,784,346
2,752,589
6,234,730
26,712,946
22,480,008
26,711,323
44,691,493
853,796
677,393
356,235
1,407,181
274,631
303,264
139,418
575,620
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
7,070,864
9,687,259
11,941,168
14,941,721
128,999
116,756
102,419
217,312
8,990,272
4,212,596
3,692,202
6,697,674
7,732,961
7,914,137
11,278,079
10,891,304
2,714,290
2,309,552
2,606,119
5,093,060
1,469,073
1,716,245
246,375
1,401,923
2,953,500
2,000,914
2,436,252
2,391,914
251,356
123,526
50,317
147,289
4,369,874
4,886,158
4,188,591
8,458,859
18,157,289
16,291,214
23,482,224
38,202,117
275,970
369,663
449,136
737,046
4,461
16,713
50,012
69,41 1
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
29,650,338
25,946,724
21,688,511
52,853,616
3,909,483
4,937,118
3,814,022
5,099,713
1,044,337
923,018
2,915,172
3,729,924
52,622,788
60,848,056
18,785,465
38,895,129
309,957
347,466
425,285
159,616
3,747,726
2,631,298
2,127,856
1,426,430
4,696,615
2,835,648
3,437,675
5,304,411
73,118
46,269
43,716
81,170
17,950,265
8,622,671
16,213,427
11,345,513
16,130,998
16,110,925
14,217,267
18,928,681
1,504,728
6,929,851
3,991,859
529,429
21,234
22,787
34,738
140,511
Other
Off-sile
Transfers®
Pounds
34,731
41,700
1,633,425
5,579,128
0
1,500
6,575
260,835
0
0
0
12,879
2,266,855
1,016,364
64,848
619,103
0
250
45,188
26,200
0
5
11,628
18,608
0
0
421,713
5,973,334
0
0
44,644
250
750
434
49,981
204,066
132,339
28,458
1,038,735
1,022,263
250
0
0
19,437
0
0
0
5,227
Total
Transfers©
Pounds
311,899,151
282,517,937
272,365,428
NA
29,289,087
29,610,825
19,953,816
NA
33,145,601
26,080,160
23,868,779
NA
239,329,134
250,518,668
185,108,947
NA
28,171,440
28,090,373
27,077,535
NA
21,613,967
17,030,799
13,985,022
NA
1 10,287,256
133,382,145
89,958,959
NA
1,098,676
777,430
806,749
NA
86,950,592
66,653,792
82,279,025
NA
264,497,849
249,813,942
259,444,854
NA
9,149,429
12,848,742
10,749,882
NA
1,661,353
4,498,709
5,071,833
NA
191
-------
Chapter 3—Year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-11. TRI Releases and Transfers by State, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),® Continued.
State
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Facilities
Number
3
3
3
1
429
438
443
420
287
299
313
314
142
146
143
115
828
856
858
766
25
25
24
24
21,336
21,938
22,593
21,046
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
891,291
1,550,195
1,139,285
1,705,156
44,836,665
45,154,925
47,882,088
107,460,419
21,053,986
18,568,109
20,599,548
25,055,858
18,645,979
18,975,382
19,443,511
30,715,272
28,518,603
29,154,851
33,291,188
43,947,203
854,090
1,228,080
1,771,341
2,281,844
1,340,980,491
1,385,442,978
1,560,000,713
2,252,904,433
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
10,766
4,076
4,632
2,500
363,603
692,944
492,052
1,621,313
991,714
607,930
784,227
827,983
329,913
375,213
290,048
1,602,961
211,344
179,385
356,892
281,881
1,086
98
106
8,350
47,011,773
203,003,168
195,589,595
176,726,741
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,373
0
0
0
0
301
11
0
0
1
0
300
250
17,821,524
10,887,276
10,333,601
25,113,877
306,651,731
294,846,947
366,495,726
625,967,221
Releases
to Land
Pounds
58,503
25,233
364
140,342
1,042,783
2,265,347
2,431,738
6,237,340
94,219
33,547
48,068
249,136
347,388
304,625
232,742
834,007
1,542,466
1,662,744
1,384,856
6,547,699
6,424
73,809
5,180
14,817,067
282,267,922
274,062,285
327,557,956
480,451,877
Total
Releases
Pounds
960,560
1,579,504
1,144,281
1,847,998
46,243,051
48,113,216
50,805,878
1 15,320,445
22,139,919
19,209,586
21,431,843
26,132,977
19,323,581
19,655,231
19,966,301
33,152,240
30,272,414
30,996,980
35,033,236
50,777,033
18,683,124
12,189,263
12,110,228
42,221,138
1,976,911,917
2,157,355,378
2,449,643,990
3,536,050,272
192
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-11,Cont.
State
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy
to Recycling® Recovery®
Pounds Pounds
42,563
682,955
703
NA
28,623,045
26,260,669
23,572,152
NA
11,434,303
11,037,175
10,852,648
NA
45,293,917
31,507,015
35,591,158
NA
58,215,119
51,634,407
45,808,802
NA
64,368
65,584
70,017
NA
2,233,603,858
2,057,075,702
2,609,433,782
NA
47,629
125
0
NA
8,801,974
6,842,929
8,057,722
NA
812,179
604,995
784,634
NA
10,707,872
15,081,097
9,791,317
NA
17,070,406
20,114,833
6,446,648
NA
2,123
4,029
138
NA
462,709,225
446,763,037
430,564,881
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
414,075
7,261
176
0
1,618,798
2,476,022
2,001,505
5,444,295
415,089
764,412
590,449
3,766,608
3,872,589
5,782,540
2,181,112
10,859,013
12,159,730
9,996,343
10,397,445
9,181,729
4,090
18,013
5,162
127,102
290,143,755
254,474,939
256,555,922
396,163,102
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
0
0
0
0
12,633,199
11,636,937
15,436,427
12,607,310
420,770
357,075
308,544
332,182
1,464,975
1,094,929
1,308,787
2,604,437
1,780,644
2,380,927
3,643,444
6,944,047
4,518
283
502
250
180,440,724
186,346,945
225,951,692
297,347,493
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
77
1
57,180
0
1,671,524
1,640,360
1,237,236
2,634,796
722,255
949,548
1,005,886
2,396,209
2,817,919
2,445,975
2,314,413
8,389,408
10,359,169
9,610,092
10,008,589
12,264,259
5,285
35,996
66,981
1,481
280,466,676
266,530,507
216,682,649
437,216,182
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
0
250
0
54
69,161
120
0
16,173
214,952
0
250
21,812
1,000
10
93,938
494,897
569,797
0
0
0
0
3,527,303
1,715,096
13,028,083
42,332,939
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
504,344
690,342
58,059
NA
53,348,790
48,856,917
50,305,096
NA
13,804,716
13,713,205
13,558,334
NA
64,157,272
55,911,806
51,208,599
NA
99,585,078
93,830,540
76,799,825
NA
80,384
123,905
142,800
NA
3,450,891,541
3,212,906,226
3,752,217,009
NA
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
NA: Transfers for recycling or energy recovery were not required to be reported for 1988.
For 1992,1993, and 1994, transfers reported with no waste management codes or invalid codes. For 1988, transfers reported
with no waste management codes, invalid codes, or codes not required to be reported in 1988.
Because transfers for recycling or energy recovery were not required to be reported in 1988, total transfers in 1988 are not
comparable to total transfers reported for 1992, 1993, or 1994.
193
-------
Chapters — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-12. Change in Total TRI Releases by Industry, 1993-1994.®
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39®
No codes 20-39©
Total
Total
1993
Pounds
12,233,254
1,012,356
17,597,507
993,856
30,866,633
54,004,195
179,832,257
35,914,944
881,954,140
51,151,648
112,740,002
4,446,455
14,339,574
304,801,571
88,846,144
26,720,702
35,444,429
124,165,486
24,158,528
15,350,621
137,943,198
20,222,186
2,174,739,686
Releases
1994
Pounds
10,438,019
981,252
15,883,998
1,317,902
32,870,820
50,558,559
218,563,179
34,180,472
706,344,744
44,033,222
111,730,764
3,593,727
12,405,053
293,919,141
86,076,229
23,512,822
31,277,968
119,717,888
16,782,946
13,836,935
143,288,515
17,117,858
1,988,432,013
1993-1994
Pounds
-1,795,235
-31,104
-1,713,509
324,046
2,004,187
-3,445,636
38,730,922
-1,734,472
-175,609,396
-7,118,426
-1,009,238
-852,728
-1,934,521
-10,882,430
-2,769,915
-3,207,880
-4,166,461
-4,447,598
-7,375,582
-1,513,686
5,345,317
-3,104,328
-186,307,673
Change
Percent
-14.7
-3.1
-9.7
32.6
6.5
-6.4
21.5
-4.8
-19.9
-13.9
-0.9
-19.2
-13.5
-3.6
-3.1
-12.0
-11.8
-3.6
-30.5
-9.9
3.9
-15.4
-8.6
© Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), or sulfurie acid.
© Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g. paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
© Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code or reported only SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
194
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Dai
Table 3-13, Change in Total TRI Releases by industry, 1988-1994.®
SIC
Code Industry
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip,
Transportation Equip.
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39®
No codes 20-39©
Total
1988
Pounds
9,083,059
1,234,137
34,263,690
922,129
31,071,415
61,375,663
227,691,631
60,696,901
1,322,843,065
67,688,694
146,553,210
11,927,006
27,114,265
496,230,439
131,776,782
59,614,797
115,881,290
191,020,185
49,925,650
28,563,975
446,595,455
13,976,834
3,536,050,272
Total
1992
Pounds
11,875,556
587,465
19,085,562
1,295,999
30,032,938
53,184,323
199,101,295
40,433,179
991.274,771
61,724,046
121,075,219
7,226,034
14,253,632
341,208,204
100,590,898
32,950,966
47,065,785
125,292,532
29,051,522
16,887,490
191,818,990
13,627,584
2.449,643,990
Releases
1993
Pounds
12,035,217
624,687
17,597,507
993,856
29,801,001
54,003,212
179,820,695
35,914,944
874,385,217
50,890,492
111,008,765
4,446,455
14,333,491
304,643,166
88,632,622
26,538,049
32,888,321
123,825,742
22,477,951
15,248,383
137,189,441
20,056,164
2,157,355,378
1994
Pounds
10,331,647
961,490
15,883,998
1,317,902
31,708,108
50,557,746
218,561,679
34,180,472
700,661,936
43,788,475
111,567,646
3,593,727
12,402,951
293,821,842
86,070,784
23,494,565
28,995,280
1 19,694,903
15,749,077
13,712,208
142,918,476
16,937,005
1,976,911,917
1988-1994
Pounds
1,248,588
-272,647
-18,379,692
395,773
636,693
-10,817,917
-9,129,952
-26,516,429
-622,181,129
-23,900,219
-34,985,564
-8,333,279
-14,711,314
-202,408,597
-45,705,998
-36,120,232
-86,886,010
-71,325,282
-34,176,573
-14,851,767
-303,676,979
2,960,171
-1,559,138,355
Change
Percent
13.7
-22.1
-53.6
42.9
2.0
-17.6
-4.0
-43.7
-47.0
-35.3
-23.9
-69.9
-54.3
-40.8
-34.7
-60.6
-75.0
-37,3
-68.5
-52.0
-68.0
21.2
-44.1
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991 or 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium sulfate
(solution), and sulfuric acid.
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g. paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code and facilities that reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
195
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-14. TRI Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1988,1992-1994.®
SIC
Code Industry
20 Food
2 1 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stone/Clay/Glass
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
8E
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Facilities®
Number
1,619
1,640
1,599
1,251
8
12
12
21
345
369
372
343
32
37
43
31
701
690
689
684
533
554
568
500
492
522
537
597
277
310
379
357
3,828
3,895
3,958
3,823
396
404
417
380
1,834
1,835
1,863
1,498
100
118
130
140
595
610
624
581
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
8,794,564
10,138,394
9,712,904
5,365,123
951,616
609,515
570,678
1,222,437
15,750,221
17,380,460
18,867,989
33,699,348
1,317,874
992,247
1,294,937
881,030
31,674.666
29,777,052
29,984,274
30,970,899
50,482,601
53,754,456
52,793,005
61,300,363
204,931,795
165,927,812
175,209,284
201,214,300
34,178,259
35,905,200
40,423,719
60,583,994
307,894,283
339,578,590
399,494,621
603,137,567
41,958,368
48,882,887
54,915,329
63,833,512
111,302,207
110,571,427
120,513,743
146,359,642
3,575,701
4,432,962
7,183,335
11,692,517
10,995,080
12,480,487
12,772,912
23,004,691
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
62,715
76,298
130,901
1,532,431
9,874
15,172
16,782
10,950
118,877
171,925
182,624
484,492
3
965
1,057
250
23,770
19,730
15,037
50,737
266
616
317
3,051
8,917,444
9,168,952
18,472,479
16,216,623
843
587
678
32,091
33,477,511
188,871,797
171,488,512
148,536,628
465,688
572,296
695,247
754,734
31,639
44,403
76,464
31,181
1,967
4,095
5,397
2,552
45,200
87,823
41,048
104,678
Underground
Injection
Pounds
260
265
.65
12,800
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,507
0
0
0
0
40,000
294,920,590
278,196,871
354,177,015
457,813,203
710,581
672,959
1,014,164
527,819
0
0
5
754
0
0
0
0
58,000
45,000
85,000
280,000
Releases
to Land
Pounds
1,474,108
1,820,260
2,031,686
2,172,705
0
0
5
750
14,896
45,122
34,949
79,850
25
644
5
40,849
9,672
4,219
33,616
49,779
74,879
248,140
391,001
72,249
4,712,440
4,723,931
5,416.025
10,260,708
1,370
9,157
8,782
40,816
64,369,552
67,737,959
66,114,623
113,355,667
653.838
762,350
5,099,306
2,572,629
233,800
392,935
485,007
161,633
16,059
9,398
37,302
231,937
1,304,671
1,720,181
1,354,672
3,724,896
Total
Releases
Pounds
10,331,647
12,035,217
11,875,556
9,083,059
961,490
624,687
587,465
1.234,137
15.883,998
17,597,507
19,085,562
34,263,690
1,317,902
993,856
1,295,999
922,129
31,708,108
29,801,001
30,032,938
31,071,415
50,557,746
54,003,212
53,184,323
61,375,663
218,561,679
179,820,695
199,101,295
227,691,631
34,180,472
35,914,944
40,433,179
60,696,901
700,661,936
874,385,217
991,274,771
1,322,843,065
43,788,475
50,890,492
61,724,046
67,688,694
111,567,646
111,008,765
121,075,219
146,553,210
3,593,727
4,446,455
7,226,034
11,927,006
12,402,951
14,333,491
14,253,632
27,114,265
196
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to- Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-14.
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy
to Recycling© Recovery©
Pounds Pounds
977,533
1,200,001
1,421,405
NA
0
139,622
810
NA
719,188
712,872
553,632
NA
88,230
139,113
139,371
NA
627,071
833,661
962,416
NA
4,198,144
6,210,771
3,951,906
NA
1,777,705
1,953,688
1,466,639
NA
6,227,224
5,317,673
5,627,969
NA
259,598,654
251,243,672
269,113,891
NA
20,329,873
20,525,057
7,704,442
NA
21,261,494
16,648,600
17,023,957
NA
515,713
261,464
861,379
NA
2,934,320
3,505,921
3,666,015
NA
144,835
91,945
75,377
NA
0
3,800
3,159
NA
1,283,596
1,194,430
1,002,033
NA
125,515
165,968
176,303
NA
2,486,066
2,416,522
2,614,458
NA
6,351,652
6,475,921
6,344,886
NA
8,856,860
7,602,025
6,600,383
NA
3,301,701
3,993,983
4,821,438
NA
348,557,947
329,406,403
321,004,699
NA
1,391,435
1,129,985
2,215,476
NA
8,169,876
9,555,615
9,092,664
NA
265,177
317,902
856,894
NA
4,316,847
6,733,606
3,083,579
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
715,937
573,232
411,961
237,511
5
1,020
3,161
120,996
519,115
485,570
553,617
1,373,980
121,699
76,039
60,531
67,425
226,407
567,677
537,954
2,438,178
1,741,262
1,270,935
1,618,272
3,738.641
8,823,288
8,255,097
10,247,259
11,890,136
529,195
353,566
801,038
4,505,946
170,384,809
137,653,009
133,598,522
182,293,467
1,253,196
725,252
651,333
2,565,385
3,230,588
4,370,977
5,018,603
9,312,755
21,770
62,133
92,444
1,151,152
2,358,970
3,034,633
3,491,339
2,651,613
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
11,612,788
11,250,006
10,953,003
16,514,598
0
18
18
104,807
2,204,815
2,706,180
3,095,546
9,771,029
2,636
53,139
71,942
276,730
22,448
7,807
25,987
79,544
134,130
96,323
140,359
305,630
40,478,432
36,396,706
45,365,034
51,551,858
229,844
284,421
294,349
2,486,937
96,756,021
104,552,123
131,405,664
155,495,146
3,273,157
4,235,470
2,788,957
6,087,561
1,058,912
838,697
1,065,800
1,375,658
629,324
627,750
706,906
803,773
485,958
512,083
1,787,302
• 721,064
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
529,635
697,474
678,020
1,091,527
0
2,149
2,997
0
737,445
962,165
535,247
1,645,099
69,673
46,717
40,162
103,568
423,597
535,331
457,194
1,932,477
283,715
374,350
3,541,286
980,987
2,712,673
2,574,812
3,403,521
6,163,408
59,490
176,319
156,184
493,727
33,164,210
35,586,437
39,027,847
102,410,530
3,475,955
2,685,652
2,356,926
4,327,282
12,303,337
10,218,779
9,522,500
11,839,206
1,458,515
2,014,127
1,738,139
1,143,426
5,881,586
8,398,334
6,698,860
16,443,337
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
5,004
1,755
0
99,933
0
0
0
0
0
0
467,721
109,478
0
0
0
5,351
250
4,300
8,934
395,167
12,613
5,458
4,405
1,143,394
20
0
53
110,559
22,740
3,189
48,542
396,671
475,389
134,961
1,627,441
16,194,453
0
0
104,957
906,249
1,628
13,642
190,330
425,215
0
0
41,766
4,715
5
265
677,446
39,823
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
13,985,732
13,814,413
13,539,766
NA
5
146,609
10,145
NA
5,464,159
6,061,217
6,207,796
NA
407,753
480,976
488,309
NA
3,785,839
4,365,298
4,606,943
NA
12,721,516
14,433,758
15,601,114
NA
62,648,978
56,782,328
67,082,889
NA
10,370,194
10,129,151
11,749,520
NA
908,937,030
858,576,605
895,778,064
NA
29,723,616
29,301,416
15,822,091
NA
46,025,835
41,646,310
41,913,854
NA
2,890,499
3,283,376
4,297,528
NA
15,977,686
22,184,842
19,404,541
NA
197
-------
Chapter 3-
• Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-14. TRI Releases and Transfers by Industry, 1988,1992-1994, Continued.®
SIC
Code Industry
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip.
37 Transport. Equip.
38 Measurc^Photo,
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39©
No codes 20-39®
Total
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Facilities©
Number
1,780
1,837
1,863
1,601
2,985
3,052
3,128
2,904
1,015
,060
,125
,042
,222
,326
,468
,658
,233
,256
,253
,164
294
348
408
375
353
374
369
402
1,462
1,532
1,613
1,431
232
157
175
263
21,336
21,938
22,593
21,046
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
110,308,314
124,777,369
141,648,376
220,481,697
85,316,209
87,964,463
99,674,324
126,690,176
23,232,953
26,260,652
32,699,931
59,181,596
28,785,531
32,307,649
46,521,968
114,870,685
119,459,831
122,324,722
123,479,931
188,293,705
15,422,201
21,923,588
28,548,498
49,148,385
13,703,952
15,233,916
16,883,750
28,294,977
109,379,451
112,715,607
137,190,707
210,503,682
11,564,814
11,503,523
9,616,498
12,174,107
1,340,980,491
1,385,442,978
1,560,000,713
2,252,904,433
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
1,748,440
1,244,262
1,744,428
3,974,167
72,461
61,073
83,579
774,813
106,120
204,137
20,062
216,814
54,661
124,126
77,788
385,627
65,042
69,861
74,640
274,096
319,552
549,106
489,183
436,362
1,224
1,184
803
8,576
1,260,937
1,521,727
1,629,961
2,690,631
227,539
193,033
342,608
205,257
47,011,773
203.003,168
195,589,595
176,726,741
Underground
Injection
Pounds
10,089,873
11,949,177
7,675,296
7,553,854
2,135
943
1,715
166,933
0
750
250
0
0
269
489
37,000
5
505
1,250
76,185
0
0
0
250
0
0
250
1
424,751
14,728
3,467,829
159,457,610
445,532
3,965,480
68,880
812
306,651,731
294,846,947
366,495,726
625,967,221
Releases
to Land
Pounds
171,675,215
166,672,358
190,140,104
264,220,721
679,979
606,143
831,280
4,144,860
155,492
72,510
230,723
216,387
155,088
456,277
465,540
587,978
170,025
1,430,654
1,736,711
2,376,199
7,324
5,257
13,841
340,653
7,032
13,283
2,687
260,421
31,853,337
22,937,379
49,530,493
73,943,532
4,699,120
4,394.128
3,599,598
1,596,658
282,267,922
274,062,285
327,557,956
480,451,877
Total
Releases
Pounds
293,821,842
304,643,166
341,208,204
496.230,439
86,070,784
88,632,622
100,590,898
131,776,782
23,494,565
26,538,049
32,950,966
59,614,797
28,995,280
32,888,321
47,065,785
115,881,290
119,694,903
123,825,742
125,292,532
191,020,185
15,749,077
22,477,951
29,051,522
49,925,650
13,712,208
15.248,383
16,887,490
28,563,975
142,918,476
137,189,441
191,818,990
446,595,455
16,937,005
20,056,164
13,627,584
13,976,834
1,976,911,917
2,157,355,378
2,449,643,990
3,536,050,272
198
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-14, Cont.
SIC
Code Industry
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip.
37 Transportation Equip,
38 Measure./Photo.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39©
No codes 20-39©
Total
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy
to Recycling© Recovery©
Pounds Pounds
856,534,390
837,555,790
743,630,811
NA
270,511,472
244,521,721
227,695,104
NA
58,444,235
52,096,849
48,492,912
NA
346,508,718
291,341,895
293,169,175
NA
158,451,906
143,073,570
828,116,588
NA
13,804,104
13,795,826
15,824,938
NA
18,792,735
20,818,344
9,224,237
NA
187,108,297
140,961,009
125,417,794
NA
4,192,852
4,218,583
5,368,391
NA
2,233,603,858
2,057,075,702
2,609,433,782
NA
12,328,649
11,972,138
8,183,257
NA
13,496,309
13,766,253
12,672,737
NA
2,956,126
2,920,799
3,323,666
NA
9,349,918
9,079,322
9,592,701
NA
16,366,030
17,483,074
18,756,903
NA
3,058,893
3,312,140
3,472,416
NA
2,742,912
2,786,851
1,780,507
NA
16,270,219
15,728,643
14,350,148
NA
888,662
625,712
541,197
NA
462,709,225
446,763,037
430,564,881
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
44,647,093
42,436,177
41,309,032
52,908,931
13,554,609
13,169,724
15,392,942
24,870,561
1,729,806
2,157,331
1,997,174
8,501,628
9,070,374
9,646,738
10,077,619
17,914,585
6,165,636
7,012,419
7,089,729
24,644,357
4,246,948
2,922,809
3,707,759
6,849,332
846,130
1,013,049
1,214,418
5,060,326
17,649,821
18,424,117
171533,754
29,678,410
2,307,097
263,435
1,147,461
3,387,787
290,143,755
254,474,939
256,555,922
396,163,102
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
4,492,691
3,298,030
3,196,884
6,675,220
2,014,837
2,035,996
2,775,595
9,283,400
1,343,877
1,489,468
1,821,077
1,675,698
3,075,706
3,207,818
3,043,236
7,980,872
3,232,983
3,574,311
3,576,622
4,192,950
701,114
828,649
922,281
2,311,238
519,060
550,209
351,715
310,537
7,757,217
9,418,237
11,812,336
18,427,848
414,774
383,504
751,079
915,395
180,440,724
186,346,945
225,951,692
297,347,493
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
165,654,095
141,255,211
82,256,820
165,167,921
16,198,984
16,345,129
19,864,356
34,210,391
3,058,178
3,226,821
3,711,714
10,137,833
7,823,763
9,048,032
8,979,936
17,411,950
9,098,564
10,826,347
11,289,329
19,877,717
811,088
771,749
830,524
10,912,978
1,329,177
3,279,205
3,366,429
4,139,648
14,294,503
17,282,609
17,562,628
26,010,514
1,098,493
222,758
662,030
772,656
280,466,676
266,530,507
216,682,649
437,216,182
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
431,539
178,402
4,560,874
8,932,343
240,424
160,414
1,835,762
5,457,405
21,252
34,750
215,330
1,175,205
13,832
125,458
1,489,311
1,312,057
2,261,013
1,008,267
97,534
3,632,942
0
0
21,065
186,048
19,107
5
124,820
369,598
20,287
43,931
1,416,044
1,402,088
2,200
299
95,748
34,245
3,527,303
1,715,096
13,028,083
10,619,334
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
1,084,088.457
1,036,695,748
883,137,678
NA
316,016,635
289,999,237
280,236,496
NA
67,553,474
61,926,018
59,561,873
NA
375,842,311
322,449,263
326,351,978
NA
195,576,132
182,977,988
868,926,705
NA
22,622,147
21,631,173
24,778,983
NA
24,249,121
28,447,663
16,062,126
NA
243,100,344
201,858,546
188,092,704
NA
8,904,078
5,714,291
8,565,906
NA
3,450,891,541
3,212,906,226
3,752,217,009
NA
© Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
@ Facilities have been assigned to the "multiple" category according to all the SIC codes they reported. Forms and amounts in
pounds have been assigned to single category SIC codes if only one SIC code was reported for a particular chemical form from
the facility.
© NA: Transfers for recycling or energy recovery were not required to be reported for 1988.
© For 1992, 1993, and 1994, transfers reported with no waste management codes or invalid codes. For 1988, transfers reported
with no waste management codes, invalid codes, or codes not required to be reported in 1988.
@ Because transfers for recycling or energy recovery were not required to be reported in 1988, total transfers in 1988 are not
comparable to total transfers reported for 1992,1993, or 1994.
© Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
© Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code or reported only SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
199
-------
Chapter 3 •
• Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Facilities with Greatest
Changes in Releases
This section examines the facilities which
account for the greatest increases and decreases
in air/water/land releases and in underground
injection from 1993 to 1994. Facilities that
reported voluntarily or reported for one year but
not the other are not included in this section.
The comparisons do not include any delisted
chemicals, chemicals newly added for 1994,
ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), or
sulfuric acid. EPA has contacted a number of
the top facilities in each category to better
understand the reasons for the increases and
decreases. Box 3-1 provides a general discus-
sion of reasons that a facility's release and
transfer estimates may change from one year to
another.
1994 TRI Top Decreasers
in AirAVater/Land Releases
Table 3-15 lists the 50 TRI facilities with the
greatest reported decreases in combined releases
to air, water, and land from 1993 to 1994,
ranked by the magnitude of their decrease.
Together, these 50 facilities accounted for
reported reductions totaling 253.0 million
pounds.
IMC-Agrieo Co., St. James, LA: Reported
releases of phosphoric acid to the Mississippi
River decreased from 113.7 million pounds to
6.4 million pounds in 1994. This facility makes
phosphoric acid, which is one of the primary
ingredients to produce fertilizer. Gypsum, a
byproduct of phosphate fertilizer production, is
stored in large stacks on site. The gypsum stacks
contain residual phosphoric acid, which rain can
flush from the stacks if left uncovered. In
December 1993, a $27 million project to cover
the inactive stacks was completed at IMC-
Agrico's St. James and Uncle Sam plants. The
stacks were overlain with eight inches of grass-
covered clay. Evaporation ponds atop the
inactive stacks were fitted with synthetic liners
to prevent water from entering the stack and
recharging the stack water system. An under-
drain network was installed to collect water
from within the stacks for recycling into the
production process. This project resulted in a
dramatic decrease in water releases of phos-
phoric acid in 1994.
IMC-Agrico Co., Uncle Sam, LA: Reported
releases of phosphoric acid to the Mississippi
River decreased from 49.8 million pounds in
1993 to 2.8 million pounds in 1994. This was
also the result of the project to cover inactive
gypsum storage stacks as described above for
IMC-Agrico's St. James facility. In November
1994, the Louisiana Department of Environ-
mental Quality presented the IMC-Agrico Uncle
Sam plant with the Louisiana Environmental
Leadership Award commending its efforts
related to the gypsum stack cover project and
several other recent pollution reduction projects.
Magnesium Corp. of America, Rowley, UT:
Reported stack air releases of chlorine decreased
from 67 million pounds in 1993 to 50 million
pounds in 1994. Similarly, hydrochloric acid
stack air releases decreased from 6.1 million to
5.6 million pounds. These compounds are
released during the manufacture of chlorine gas
and magnesium. The facility was identified as a
top increaser for 1993 based on stack releases of
chlorine and hydrochloric acid. Overall, produc-
tion was lower in 1994, and the plant reported
better equipment performance. The problems
with chlorine reduction burners, to which higher
chlorine air releases were attributed in 1993,
were corrected in 1994. Furthermore, the 1993
estimate of hydrochloric acid releases was based
on elevated readings from an emission test,
which could not be reproduced in further
testing.
200
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data *"
*
Reasons Facility Release and Transfer Estimates Change
Some reported increases and decreases are real—that is, they reflect changes in the amounts of TRI
chemicals actually released or transferred. Other reported increases and decreases are accounting or "paper"
changes that do not reflect any actual change in releases and transfers. Some examples follow.
Real Changes
Source reduction activities, such as process changes, elimination of spills and leaks, inventory control,
improved maintenance, chemical substitution, and alternative methods of cleaning and degreasing can cause real
reductions in TRI releases and transfers.
Installation of pollution control equipment may lead to real reductions in TRI releases/transfers. However,
if the pollution control does not destroy the reported chemical, it may merely shift waste from one type of
release or disposal to another.
Increased recycling and reuse of waste or sale of waste as raw materials or products will result in real
decreases in TRI releases and/or transfers for treatment and disposal.
Production changes can cause real changes in the quantities of TRI chemicals released or transferred by
facilities. Releases/transfers are likely to increase when production increases and decrease when production
decreases, although the relationship is not necessarily linear.
One-time events unrelated to normal production processes, such as accidental releases or clean-up
operations, can cause a real but anomalous increase in the reporting year in which they occur and then a
decrease from that abnormally high level the following year.
"Paper" Changes
Changes in estimation or calculation techniques can cause a change in the amount reported without a
corresponding change in actual releases or transfers.
Clarifications of reporting instructions or changes in the way a facility interprets those instructions may
cause a change in reported amounts without an actual change in releases or transfers. For example, revised
guidance concerning the de minimis exemption and beneficiation activities which was issued by EPA for 1991
may have resulted in lower reported releases for some facilities.
Similarly, a facility's reported releases may go down without an actual reduction in releases if the facility
begins to take advantage of a reporting exemption or optional reporting method for the first time. One large
source of this type of paper change is the optional reporting method for ammonium sulfate (solution), which is
discussed in detail in Box 1-3.
Apparent increases or decreases can occur if a facility makes a reporting error one year and does not
submit a revision for that year, but does not repeat the error the following year.
Box 3-1. Reasons Facility Release and Transfer Estimates Change.
201
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-15. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Decrease in Total Air/Water/Land Releases, 1993-1994.
Facility Name
IMC-Agrico Co.
IMC-Agrico Co.
Magnesium Corp. of America
Inland Steel Co.
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Phclps Dodge Hidalgo Inc.
Coastal Chcm Inc.
Zinc Corp. of America
Doc Run Co.
American Chrome & Chemicals
Kcnnccolt Utah Copper
Eastman Kodak Co.
Arcadian Fertilizer L.P.
Tippccanoc Labs.
Champion Intl. Corp.
Clinton Labs.
USS/Kobc Steel Co.
Nashua Corp.
Abcx
3M
Quantum Chemical Corp.
Purolator Products Inc.
Hocchst Cclanese Polyester
Viskasc Corp.
Glcnbrook Nickel Co.
Honda of America Mfg. Inc.
Magma Metals Co.
Sun Refining & Marketing Co.
Chevron Chemical Co.
General Motors Corp.
Chino Mines Co.
Chevron USA Prods. Co.
Mobil Oil Beaumont Refinery
North Star Recycling
A vesta Sheffield East Inc.
Custom Cupboards Inc.
Bayer Corp.
Autoalliancc Intl. Inc.
ARCO Chemical Co.
Georgia-Pacific Corp.
Alaska Pulp Corp.
Bayer Corp.
Alabama River Pulp Co. Inc.
Lenzing Fibers Corp.
Ringicr America Inc.
Wcstvaco Corp.
Koch Refining Co. L.P.
3M
Hercules Inc.
Carolina Eastman
Total
City
Saint James
Uncle Sam
Rowley
East Chicago
Axis
Playas
Battle Mountain
Bartlesville
Boss
Corpus Christ!
Magna
Rochester
Geismar
Shadeland
Courtland
Clinton
Lorain
Omaha
Winchester
Hartford City
La Porte
Fayetteville
Wilmington
Osceola
Riddle
Marysville
San Manuel
Tulsa
Baytown
Moraine
Hurley
Port Arthur
Beaumont
Saint Paul
Baltimore
Wichita
Orange
Flat Rock
Pasadena
Monticello
Sitka
New Martinsville
Claiborne
Lowland
Corinth
North Charleston
Corpus Christ!
Hutchinson
Magna
Columbia
State
LA
LA
UT
IN
AL
NM
NV
OK
MO
TX
UT
NY
LA
IN
AL
IN
OH
NE
VA
IN
TX
NC
NC
AR
OR
OH
AZ
OK
TX
OH
NM
TX
TX
MN
MD
KS
TX
MI
TX
MS
AK
WV
AL
TN
MS
SC
TX
MN
UT
SC
Net Change from 1993 to 1994
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
16,715
0
-17,524,000
-241,143
-9,690,005
-23,436
-125,594
-31,654
15,871
-150
80,700
-1,571,628
-72,885
-1,660,266
124,987
-1,349,900
8,690
-1,274,500
12,172
-1,230,244
-1,219,820
-1,216,633
-1,143,390
-1,112,990
-7,885
-1,086,323
-42,932
-1,060,100
-1,055,778
-1,047,504
-63,011
-976,428
-1,005,901
0
-2,480
-997,087
-984,820
-969,754
-937,431
-756,000
-798,255
-875,781
-941,045
-850,000
-850,560
-868,608
-822,973
-789,705
-788,327
-735,656
-58,543,447
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
-107,344,265
-47,028,220
0
-243,344
18,250
0
0
0
495
1,850
-200
-226,075
-1,691,785
772
-1,755,669
11,390
-11,000
0
0
0
597
0
7,947
0
137
0
0
-115
0
0
0
-11,803
0
0
0
0
-733
7,172
0
-175,280
-80,250
7,579
83,950
-1,650
0
31,091
8,822
0
0
-47,656
-158,437,993
Releases
to Land
Pounds
158,251
1 12,596
0
-9,856,812
452,500
-5,058,884
-4,686,832
-2,689,387
-2,542,400
-2,100,000
-1,973,440
584
31,039
0
-1,396
-121,060
-1,341,270
0
-1,246,768
0
-1
0
6,824
0
-1,102,514
0
-1,031,500
-13
0
0
-978,282
-45,422
-22,589
-1,023,600
-1,010,739
0
-70
0
-3,675
-8,000
0
7,220
-2,430
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,121
-36,072,949
202
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-15.
Facility Name
IMC-Agrico Co.
IMC-Agrico Co.
Magnesium Corp. of America
Inland Steel Co.
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Phelps Dodge Hidalgo Inc.
Coastal Chem Inc.
Zinc Corp. of America
Doe Run Co.
American Chrome & Chemicals
Kennecott Utah Copper
Eastman Kodak Co.
Arcadian Fertilizer L.P.
Tippecanoe Labs.
Champion Intl. Corp.
Clinton Labs.
IBS/Kobe Steel Co.
Nashua Corp.
Abex
3M
Quantum Chemical Corp.
Purolator Products Inc.
Hoechst Celanese Polyester
Viskase Corp.
Glenbrook Nickel Co.
Honda of America Mfg. Inc.
Magma Metals Co.
Sun Refining & Marketing Co.
Chevron Chemical Co.
General Motors Corp.
Chino Mines Co.
Chevron USA Prods. Co.
Mobil Oil Beaumont Refinery
North Star Recycling
Avesta Sheffield East Inc.
Custom Cupboards Inc.
Bayer Corp.
Autoalliance Intl. Inc.
ARCO Chemical Co.
Georgia-Pacific Corp.
Alaska Pulp Corp.
Bayer Corp.
Alabama River Pulp Co. Inc.
Lenzing Fibers Corp.
Ringier America Inc.
Westvaco Corp.
Koch Refining Co. L.P.
3M
Hercules Inc.
Carolina Eastman
Total
City
Saint James
Uncle Sam
Rowley
East Chicago
Axis
Playas
Battle Mountain
Bartlesville
Boss
Corpus Christ!
Magna
Rochester
Geismar
Shadelancl
Courtland
Clinton
Lorain
Omaha
Winchester
Hartford City
La Porte
Fayetteville
Wilmington
Osceola
Riddle
Marysville
San Manuel
Tulsa
Baytown
Moraine
Hurley
Port Arthur
Beaumont
Saint Paul
Baltimore
Wichita
Orange
Flat Rock
Pasadena
Monticello
Sitka
New Martinsville
Claibome
Lowland
Corinth
North Charleston
Corpus Christi
Hutchinson
Magna
Columbia
State
LA
LA
UT
IN
AL
NM
NV
OK
MO
TX
UT
NY
LA
IN
AL
IN
OH
NE
VA
IN
TX
NC
NC
AR
OR
OH
AZ
OK
TX
OH
NM
TX
TX
MN
MD
KS
TX
MI
TX
MS
AK
WV
AL
TN
MS
SC
TX
MN
UT
SC
1993
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
114,188,834
50,091,619
73,300,250
10,550,048
42,655,255
14,291,065
4,812,926
2,722,871
2,577,839
12,007,355
11,427,315
9,615,959
13,613.956
2,198,814
2,671,613
1,894,580
1,416,160
1,291,500
1,341,788
2,269,065
3,407,351
1,490,075
2,632,868
1,113,500
1,123,708
3,424,402
1,195,782
2,110,945
2,000,895
1,573,650
7,944,258
2,366,187
3,581,699
1,955,000
1,015,999
1,010,938
2,371,236
3,009,116
1,669,470
2,480,560
878,505
1,413,435
2,343,555
22,258,010
2,734,080
4,562,389
1,324,856
3,064,242
2,035,230
2,284,791
465,315,544
1994
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
7,019,535
3,175,995
55,776,250
208,749
33,436,000
9,208,745
500
1,830
51,805
9,909,055
9,534,375
7,818,840
11,880,325
539,320
1,039,535
435,010
72,580
17,000
107,192
1,038,821
2,188,127
273,442
1,504,249
510
13,446
2,338,079
121,350
1,050,717
945,117
526,146
6,902.965
1,332,534
2,553,209
931,400
2,780
13,851
1,385,613
2,046,534
728,364
1,541,280
0
552,453
1,484,030
21,406,360
1,883,520
3,724,872
510,705
2,274,537
1,246,903
1,506,600
212,261,155
1993 to 1994
Change in Total
Air/Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
-107,169,299
-46,915,624
-17,524,000
-10,341,299
-9,219,255
-5,082,320
-4,812,426
-2,721,041
-2,526,034
-2,098,300
-1,892,940
-1,797,119
-1,733,631
-1,659,494
-1,632,078
-1,459,570
-1,343,580
-1,274,500
-1,234,596
-1,230,244
-1,219,224
-1,216,633
-1,128,619
-1,112,990
-1,110,262
-1,086,323
-1,074,432
-1,060,228
-1,055,778
-1,047,504
-1.041,293
-1,033,653 .
-1,028,490
-1,023,600
-1,013,219
-997,087
-985,623
-962,582
-941,106
-939,280
-878,505
-860,982
-859,525
-851,650
-850,560
-837,517
-814,151
-789,705
-788,327
-778,191
-253,054,389
203
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Iftto
Chapters — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, IN: Reported
releases to land of manganese compounds
decreased from 7.5 million pounds to zero and
of zinc compounds from 2 million pounds to
zero. These metal compounds are found in
waste products (slag, dust, and sludge) from the
facility's blast furnaces and basic oxygen
furnaces. Until recently, the waste products
were released to an on-site landfill. Participation
in the EPA's 33/50 Program coupled with high
landfill and waste-handling costs prompted the
facility to investigate ways to reduce releases.
Now the slag is sold for use in the manufacture
of concrete and other products. The sludge is
dewatered and sent with the dust to a briquetting
facility. It is blended with other materials and
formed into briquettes which can then be
reintroduced into the blast and basic oxygen
furnaces. Hence, land releases of these and other
metal compounds (chromium, lead, copper and
nickel) have now been reduced to zero.
Courtaulds Fibers, Inc., Axis, AL: Reported
carbon disulfide air releases decreased from 43
million to 33 million pounds. Carbon disulfide
is used as a reactant in the manufacture of
cellulose fiber. During processing, some carbon
disulfide is released and some is converted to
hydrogen sulfide. Reduced carbon disulfide
releases are attributed to the following:
Production was down in 1994 from 1993 levels;
the amount of carbon disulfide used as a raw
material was reduced; the amount of carbon
disulfide converted to hydrogen sulfide
increased; and more carbon disulfide vapor was
recovered via condensation. The facility is in the
process of installing technology that modifies
the manufacturing process so that carbon
disulfide releases will be further reduced in the
future.
Phelps Dodge Hidalgo Inc., Playas, NM:
Reported land releases of copper compounds
decreased from 14 million to 9 million pounds
in 1994. Copper compounds are contained in the
waste stream (slag) from a copper smelter which
produces anode copper for commercial sale. The
facility reduced the amount of copper remaining
in the smelter slag by increasing the efficiency
of the furnace.
Coastal Chemical Inc., Battle Mountain, NY:
Reported stack air releases of ammonium nitrate
(solution) decreased from 126,000 pounds to
zero and reported land releases decreased from
4.7 million pounds to zero. The facility
produces inorganic chemicals including
ammonia, urea, and ammonium nitrate. In its
processing, the facility releases ammonium
nitrate particulate which in 1993 was reported
erroneously as an air release of ammonium
nitrate solution. Waste ammonium nitrate
(solution) from the production process is sent to
evaporation ponds. This was reported as a
release to land in 1993. Since 1994, the
ammonium nitrate solution in the ponds has
been further processed and sold as fertilizer;
therefore, there are no 1994 reported land
releases.
Zinc Corp. of America, Bartlesville, OK:
Reported land releases of zinc compounds
decreased from 2.26 million pounds to 600
pounds. Land releases of other metal
compounds (lead, copper, manganese, and
cadmium) were similarly reduced as 90% of the
plant shut down in November 1993. These
compounds are contained in slag from a smelt-
ing operation. Stock piles of slag material are
being cleaned up due to reclassification as a
landfill in 1993.
Doe Run Company (Buick Smelter), Boss,
MO: Reported land releases of lead compounds
decreased from 2.3 million pounds in 1993 to
zero in 1994. Land releases of zinc compounds
were reduced from 210,000 pounds in 1993 to
zero in 1994. These compounds are contained in
the slag material from a secondary smelting
operation which used to be sent to landfill, 1994
204
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Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
I» « 90 01 M 93 W
was the first year the smelter slag from this
facility was sent to another Doe Run plant
where it is reused in a primary lead smelting
operation. The slag has a high silica content
which allows it to be used as a flux material.
American Chrome & Chemicals, Corpus
Christi, TX; Reported land releases of
chromium compounds decreased from 12
million to 10 million pounds. The facility
extracts chrome from chromite ores; the non-
extractable material containing residual
chromium compounds is further processed and
sent to a landfill. The reduction in the amount of
chromium compounds landfilled is attributed to
the plant being down for a month in 1994 for
refurbishing. During the down time, the
furnaces were upgraded, improving their
recovery efficiency. This further reduced the
amount of chromium compounds losses to
landfill.
Kennecott Utah Copper, Magna, UT:
Reported land releases of arsenic compounds
decreased from 1.6 million pounds to 790,000
pounds; reported land releases of copper
compounds decreased from 4.8 million pounds
to 4.2 million pounds; reported land releases of
lead compounds decreased from 1.7 million
pounds to 1.3 million pounds; reported land
releases of zinc compounds decreased from 2.8
million pounds to 2.6 million pounds. These
compounds are found in waste (predominantly
dust) from copper smelting. The decreases in
land releases are attributed to variations in the
ore and to stockpiling of dust in inventory while
projects to modernize the facility were
underway. Also, a process change in refining
operations now enables the facility to recover
lead, thereby reducing lead releases to landfill.
The facility added a hydrometallurgical process
in 1995 to recover copper, silver, and gold from
the smelter dust. Further reductions in copper
land releases are expected in the future due to
the addition of this process.
Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY:
Reported air releases decreased for
dichloromethane from 3.3 million to 2.5 million
pounds and for methanol from 2 million to 1.5
million pounds. These chemicals are released in
the manufacture of cellulose triacetate film.
Decreased releases were achieved through
elimination of equipment leaks to reduce fugi-
tive releases and increased capture of solvent
vapors through the use of cryogenic condensers.
By the end of 1994, the facility reported exceed-
ing an overall 99% recovery and recycling of
dichloromethane. Further reductions are under
investigation through additional process changes
and add-on technology. These efforts have
resulted in a similar reduction in methanol
releases. Furthermore, a production unit of the
Eastman Chemical Division accounted for 10%
of Kodak's reported methanol releases in 1993.
When Kodak divested in 1994, this unit became
part of Eastman Chemical Company and
reported as a separate facility.
Arcadian Fertilizer L.P., Geismar, LA;
Reported releases of phosphoric acid to the
Mississippi River decreased from 12 million to
10.5 million pounds. The source of phosphoric
acid is rainfall run-off from phosphogypsum
storage stacks. The decrease is attributed, in
part, to revised phosphoric acid calculations
which account for the amount of acid which is
neutralized prior to release to surface waters. In
addition, the plant's management of contami-
nated rainwater has resulted in lower releases.
The amount of contaminated rainwater collected
in ponds around the gypsum stacks typically
exceeds the amount of process water needed by
the plant. The collected water is segregated
based on the level of phosphoric acid contami-
nation, and the more highly contaminated water
is recycled as process water. The least contami-
nated water is released. The plant also has a
continuous program to cover the gypsum stacks
which reduces the amount of contamination in
the collected rainwater.
205
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Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Tippecanoe Labs (Eli Lilly), Shadeland, IN:
Reported air releases of dichloromethane
decreased from 1.5 million to 320,000 pounds.
The facility manufactures bulk pharmaceuticals,
and dichloromethane is a common solvent used
for chemical synthesis in pharmaceutical
manufacturing. The decrease is attributed to the
facility's efforts in the reduction of dichloro-
methane air releases, including the investment
of $230 million over the last seven years in
environmental control systems. This includes:
installation of solvent recovery equipment
(cryogenic condensers); installation of emission
control equipment; recycling/reuse of dichloro-
methane in the facility's processes; installation
of control systems at the point of use (nitrogen
purge units); installation of "state-of-the-art"
solvent storage facilities; detection and repair of
leaks to reduce fugitive releases. The facility is
seeking to reduce the use of dichloromethane in
the making of future products by evaluating
alternative non-toxic solvents in its research and
development efforts. The plant site received the
1995 Indiana Governor's Pollution Prevention
Award for pharmaceutical product development
efforts that led to the elimination of dichloro-
methane from a new health care product.
Champion International Corporation,
Courtland, AL: Reported water releases of
methanol decreased from 1.8 million to 43,000
pounds. The facility is a pulp and paper mill, the
largest manufacturer of "fine white" grade paper
in the world. The decrease does not reflect an
actual reduction in water releases. Methanol
release data reported in 1993 was based on
limited monitoring data. In 1994, however, the
facility performed more extensive quarterly
testing for use in preparing release estimates.
This provided more definitive data and resulted
in a lower release estimate for 1994.
1994 TRI Top Increase™
in Air/Water/Land Releases
Table 3-16 lists the 50 TRI facilities with the
greatest reported increases in total releases to
air, water and land from 1993 to 1994, ranked
by the magnitude of their increase. Together,
these 50 facilities accounted for reported
increases totaling 108.3 million pounds.
IMC-Agrico, Mulberry, FL: Reported land
releases of phosphoric acid increased from 6.8
million pounds in 1993 to 25.1 million pounds
in 1994. In the production of phosphate
fertilizer, the facility produces gypsum as a
byproduct. The gypsum is collected on site in
large stacks. The land releases are estimates of
phosphoric acid that has seeped into the ground-
water below the stacks. In 1993, this facility was
a top decreaser of land releases of phosphoric
acid. In 1994, however, a sink hole developed
under the center of a gypsum stack. This caused
a large increase in land releases as the gypsum
lost in the sinkhole contained dilute phosphoric
acid solution that would have normally been
recovered and recycled.
ASARCO Inc., Hayden, AZ: Reported land
releases increased for zinc compounds from
zero to 7.6 million pounds, for copper
compounds from zero to 6.4 million pounds,
and for lead compounds from zero to 1.9 million
pounds. These compounds are contained in the
slag from a primary copper smelter. In 1993, the
slag was stockpiled on site and recycled. In
1994, reduced quantities of the smelter slag
were recycled due to economics; the majority of
the slag was released to landfill.
International Paper, Redwood, MS: Reported
methanol air releases increased from 1.0 million
to 14.0 million pounds. Methanol is a byproduct
of the paper mill's wood pulping and chemical
recovery processes. The increase in releases is
attributed to a change in the basis for calculating
206
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Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRl Data
M tl 18 W M
methanol releases and does not reflect a real
increase. Methanol emission factors published
by the National Council of the Paper Industry
for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) were
revised in 1994. The new factors are based on a
study of pulp and paper facilities that showed
higher emission levels than predicted by
previous emission factors and included
additional emission sources that had not
previously been counted in methanol release
calculations.
Quantum Chemical Co., Clinton, IA:
Reported air releases increased for ethylene
from 1.3 million to 3.0 million pounds and for
propylene from 55,000 to 765,000 pounds. The
increases are attributed to a change in the basis
for calculating releases and do not reflect real
increases. Ethylene and propylene are com-
pressed in large compressors in the facility's
chemical manufacturing process. The lubri-
cating oil in the compressors becomes
contaminated and is vented to the atmosphere
causing ethylene and propylene air releases.
Releases reported for 1994 were based on
release data supplied by a compressor manu-
facturer. This data resulted in a higher estimate
than the approach used to estimate air releases
for 1987 through 1993. The facility has now
initiated a program to base release estimates on
measurements at the compressors. Emission
reduction measures are currently being put in
place which should reduce actual releases by
1996.
Champion International Corp., Canton, NC:
Reported air releases increased for methanol
from 1.4 million to 3.1 million pounds and for
hydrochloric acid from 230,000 to 810,000
pounds. The increase in methanol releases was
not a real increase, but resulted from a change in
the basis for estimating releases. This pulp and
paper manufacturing facility used the old
NCASI emission factors to estimate methanol
releases in 1993. In 1994, the methanol release
estimates were based on actual stack testing at
the facility. The testing showed that the majority
of the methanol releases were from the black
liquor oxidation process and had been substan-
tially underestimated by the old NCASI factors.
The increase in hydrochloric acid releases
resulted from changes in fuel combustion.
Hydrochloric acid is formed from chlorides
contained in coal burned in a coal-fired boiler.
The chlorine content of the coal, which is
measured in monthly coal samples, was higher
in 1994. Also, more coal was burned in 1994
than in 1993.
GM Powertrain Defiance, Defiance, OH:
Reported land releases of zinc compounds
increased from 1.7 million to 4.2 million
pounds, and stack air releases of zinc
compounds increased from 31,000 to 62,000
pounds. The facility is an iron foundry which
makes automotive castings by recycling 100%
scrap metal. Due to the emphasis on corrosion-
resistant metals in car bodies, the zinc content of
the scrap metal has increased in recent years.
Zinc compounds are contained in the slag from
the foundry cupolas used for casting. This slag
goes to landfill. Production increased in 1994,
contributing to increased slag generation.
International Paper, Mansfield, LA: Reported
methanol air releases increased from 152,000 to
2.3 million pounds. The facility is a paper mill
and attributes this increase to the change in
methanol emission factors published by NCASI
described above for International Paper's
facility in Redwood, MS.
Mobil Chemical Co., Beaumont, TX;
Reported air releases increased for ethylene
from 535,000 pounds to 1.9 million pounds and
for propylene from 420,000 pounds to 1.4
million pounds. Ethylene and propylene are
released from the distillation of petroleum-based
products. Increases in these releases are
attributed to malfunctions in the distillation
207
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Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-16. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Increase in Total Air/Water/Land Releases, 1993-1994.
Facility Name
IMC-Agrico Co.
ASARCO Inc.
International Paper
Quantum Chemical Co.
Champion Intl. Corp.
OM Powcrtrain Defiance
International Paper
Mobil Chemical Co.
Autosiylc Plastics Inc.
Louisiana-Pacific Corp.
Weyerhaeuser Co.
Weyerhaeuser Co.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Stone Southwest Corp.
PCS Phosphate Co. Inc.
International Paper
Container Corp, of America
Champion Intl. Corp.
Mead Coated Board Inc.
GMC Truck & Bus Group
Federal Paper Board Co. Inc.
Mobil Mining & Minerals Co.
World Color Press Inc.
Cadillac Luxury Car Div.
International Paper Co.
Container Corp. of America
Doe Run Co.
Roll Coaler Inc.
Rlverwood Intl. Inc.
Elkem Metals Co.
PMbro Energy USA Inc.
Piper Impact Inc.
American Synthetic Rubber
SCM Chemicals
Inland Container Corp.
Great Southern Paper
International Paper
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corp
CF Ind. Inc.
Ford Motor Co.
ASARCO Inc.
Packaging Corp. of America
Reynolds Metals Co.
Ringicr America Inc.
General Foam Corp.
Aquaglass Corp.
Packaging Corp, of America
Inland Container Corp,
Cabot Corp.
Steelcasc Inc.
Total
City
Mulberry
Hayden
Redwood
Clinton
Canton
Defiance
Mansfield
Beaumont
Grand Rapids
Samoa
Longview
Springfield
Claypool
Snowflake
Aurora
Pineville
Femandina Beach
Cantonment
Cottonton
Flint
Riegelwood
Pasadena
Salem
Detroit
Erie
Brewton
Herculaneum
Greenfield
West Monroe
Marietta
Houston
New Albany
Louisville
Baltimore
Orange
Cedar Springs
Georgetown
Follansbee
Plant City
Hazel wood
East Helena
Tomahawk
Sheffield
Evans
Bridgeview
Adamsville
Counce
New Johnsonvillc
Ville Platte
Grand Rapids
State
FL
AZ
MS
IA
NC
OH
LA
TX
MI
CA
WA
OR
AZ
AZ
NC
LA
FL
FL
AL
MI
NC
TX
IL
MI
PA
AL
MO
IN
LA
OH
TX
MS
KY
MD
TX
GA
SC
WV
FL
MO
MT
WI
AL
OA
IL
TN
TN
TN
LA
MI
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
-5
93,433
13,052,950
2,571,275
2,442,916
281,507
2,500,849
2,258,079
2,221,218
286,449
1,868,657
1,685,712
3,500
1,743,489
37,200
1,364,039
,294,550
,184,558
,273,691
,183,149
,179,129
-20
,078,100
,076,003
,060,980
,011,575
-1,943
1,022,826
903,710
239,104
984,445
972,224
962,480
-40,059
580,305
725,300
907,573
909.069
0
899,111
16,963
929,928
883,390
878,825
865,970
860,743
865,940
840,250
828,853
794,239
59,582,229
Net Change from 1993 to 1994
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
0
-85,950
0
87.163
-3,528
-91
3
0
1,821,300
221,413
-4,764
-5
0
0
-220
688
97,220
-5,622
-2,239
-879
1,100,000
0
0
5,510
40,415
-1,956
-4
-54,250
37,000
4,465
0
0
100,049
-5,460
109,600
2,611
-8,156
0
0
0
-7,238
0
0
0
0
-274
5
0
0
3,446,806
Releases
to Land
Pounds
18,300,000
17,081,434
0
0
0
2,236,356
1,882
-13,032
0
0
0
-265
1,536,000
-255,205
1,367,650
1,918
9.S77
0
5,270
0
-4,300
3,200
0
0
1,175
455
1,048,960
0
172,425
728,000
1,918
0
0
900,000
354,045
81,251
0
0
900,000
0
879,017
-33,157
0
0
0
0
-18,000
0
0
0
45,286,574
208
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Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-16.
Facility Name
IMC-Agrico Co.
ASARCO Inc.
International Paper
Quantum Chemical Co.
Champion Intl. Corp.
OM Powertrain Defiance
International Paper
Mobil Chemical Co.
Autostyle Plastics Inc.
Louisiana-Pacific Corp.
Weyerhaeuser Co.
Weyerhaeuser Co.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp.
Stone Southwest Corp.
PCS Phosphate Co. Inc.
Internationa] Paper
Container Corp. of America
Champion Intl. Corp.
Mead Coated Board Inc.
CMC Track & Bus Group
Federal Paper Board Co. Inc.
Mobil Mining & Minerals Co.
World Color Press Inc.
Cadillac Luxury Car Div.
International Paper Co.
Container Corp. of America
Doe Run Co.
Roll Coater Inc.
Riverwood Intl. Inc.
Bkem Metals Co.
Phibro Energy USA Inc.
Piper Impact Inc.
American Synthetic Rubber
SCM Chemicals
Inland Container Corp.
Great Southern Paper
International Paper
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corp
CF Ind. Inc.
Ford Motor Co.
ASARCO Inc.
Packaging Corp. of America
Reynolds Metals Co.
Ringier America Inc.
General Foam Corp.
Aquaglass Corp.
Packaging Corp. of America
Inland Container Corp.
Cabot Corp.
Steelcase Inc.
Total
City
Mulberry
Hayden
Redwood
Clinton
Canton
Defiance
Mansfield
Beaumont
Grand Rapids
Samoa
Longview
Springfield
Claypool
Snowflake
Aurora
Pineville
Femandina Beach
Cantonment
Cottonton
Flint
Riegelwood
Pasadena
Salem
Detroit
Erie
Brewton
Herculaneutn
Greenfield
West Monroe
Marietta
Houston
New Albany
Louisville
Baltimore
Orange
Cedar Springs
Georgetown
Follansbee
Plant City
Hazelwood
East Helena
Tomahawk
Sheffield
Evans
Bridgeview
Adamsville
Counce
New Johnsonville
Ville Plane
Grand Rapids
State
FL
AZ
MS
IA
NC
OH
LA
TX
MI
CA
WA
OR
AZ
AZ
NC
LA
FL
FL
AL
MI
NC
TX
1L
Ml
PA
AL
MO
IN
LA
OH
TX
MS
KY
MD
TX
GA
SC
WV
FL
MO
MT
WI
AL
GA
1L
TN
TN
TN
LA
MI
1993
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
6,800,005
611,074
1,234,400
1,514,175
2,053,581
3,439,463
395,863
1,082,352
258,587
1,934,066
1,199,170
713,229
6,1 16,305
894,174
8,842,010
987,602
1,365,957
1,472,724
1,500,507
862,140
1,314,561
7,621
524,100
1,376,872
1,247,669
1,392,540
8,194,307
406,407
727,980
10,752,322
889,345
11,250
2,000,802
1,000,840
405,280
2,408,020
2,053,151
1,385,419
1,500,010
1,820,840
42,704,241
581,571
381,788
547,291
925
253,474
1,292,418
0
4,416,847
1,215,053
134,090,328
1994
Total Air/
Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
25,100,000
17,785,941
14,201,400
4,085,450
4,583,660
5,953,798
2,898,503
3,327,402
2,479,805
4,041,815
3,289,240
2,393,912
7,655,800
2,382.458
10,246,860
2,353,339
2,670,772
2,754,502
2,773,846
2,043,050
2,488,51 1
1,110,801
1,602,200
2,452,875
2,315,334
2,444,985
9,239,368
1,429,229
1,749,865
11,756,426
1,880,173
983,474
2,963,282
1,960,830
1,334,170
3,324,171
2,963,335
2,286,332
2,400,010
2,719,951
43,600,221
1,471,104
1,265.178
1,426,116
866,895
1,114,217
2,140,084
840,255
5,245,700
2,009,292
242,405,937
1993 to 1994
Change in Total
Air/Water/Land
Releases
Pounds
18,299,995
17,174,867
12,967,000
2,571,275
2,530,079
2,514,335
2,502,640
2,245,050
2,221,218
2,107,749
2,090,070
1,680,683
1,539,495
1,488,284
1,404,850
1,365,737
1,304,815
1,281,778
1,273,339
1,180,910
1,173,950
1,103,180
1,078,100
1,076,003
1,067,665
1,052,445
1,045,061
1,022,822
1,021,885
1,004,104
990,828
972,224
962,480
959,990
928,890
916,151
910,184
900,913
900,000
899,111
895,980
889,533
883,390
878,825
865,970
860,743 .
847,666
840,255
828,853
794,239
108,315,609
209
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of Tfll Data
process. The facility experienced more
malfunctions in 1994 than in 1993. The facility
plans to eliminate releases due to abnormal
operations in distillation columns by installing
add-on emission control devices.
Autostyle Plastics Inc., Grand Rapids, MI:
Reported toluene air releases increased from
20,000 to 2.0 million pounds. The facility
manufactures plastic auto parts for the auto-
motive industry. Toluene is contained in the
solvent-based paints and primers used to coat
finished products. The increase in toluene
releases (as well as releases of other paint
solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, xylenes,
and methyl isobutyl ketone) is attributed to
increased production and coating application in
1994.
Louisiana-Pacific Corp., Samoa, CA:
Reported water releases of methanol increased
from 1.8 million to 3.5 million pounds, and
methanol air releases increased from 132,000 to
405,000 pounds, Methanol is a byproduct in the
wood pulping and chemical recovery processes.
Releases increased in 1994 because the plant
was down for most of 1993. The facility
doubled the amount of pulp produced in 1994
relative to 1993 levels. Since 1994, a steam
stripping system has been installed to reduce
future methanol releases.
Weyerhaeuser Co., Longview, WA: Reported
methanol air releases increased from 447,000
pounds to 2.0 million pounds. The facility is a
paper mill, and methanol is a byproduct of its
wood pulping and chemical recovery processes.
Reported releases increased due to the change in
emission factors published by NCASI
(described previously for International Paper's
facility in Redwood, MS) and does not reflect
an actual increase in releases.
Weyerhaeuser Co., Springfield, OR: Reported
methanol air releases increased from 391,000
pounds in 1993 to 1.7 million pounds in 1994,
The facility is a paperboard mill, and methanol
is produced as a byproduct in the wood pulping
and chemical recovery processes. Reported
releases for 1994 were higher because a stack
testing program conducted in preparation for an
air pollution permit identified additional
emission sources of methanol. These sources
were not previously identified or accounted for
by NCASI emission factors.
Cyprus Miami Mining Corp., Claypool, AZ:
Reported land releases of copper compounds
increased from 5.6 million pounds to 6.8 million
pounds. The copper compounds are contained in
furnace slag from a copper smelter. An
extensive modernization project was completed
in 1992. In 1993, no significant changes in
production occurred. However, in 1994 the
facility realized a significant increase in
throughput as a result of this modernization.
Smelter throughput increased from 450,000 tons
per year to 650,000 tons per year. While the unit
operates more efficiently, leaving a smaller
percentage of copper in the smelter slag, the
total amount of slag produced is significantly
greater than in previous years.
Stone Southwest Corp., Snowflake, AZ:
Reported methanol air releases increased from
79,000 pounds to 1.7 million pounds. The
facility is a pulp and paper mill, and methanol is
released from the wood pulping and chemical
recovery processes. Ten percent of the increase
in releases is attributed to increased production
in 1994. The remaining 90% of the increase is
attributed to the change in the NCASI emission
factors for paper mills (described previously for
International Paper's facility in Redwood, MS)
and does not reflect a real increase in releases.
210
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
PCS Phosphate Co. Inc., Aurora, NC:
Reported land releases of phosphoric acid
increased from 8.8 million pounds in 1993 to
10.2 million pounds in 1994. The increase was
due to phosphoric acid concentration increases
experienced in the process cooling water. In
1994, the facility completed a program of lining
process cooling water return ditches, which
should reduce the 1995 phosphoric acid
releases. In addition, the facility lined a second
gypsum stack in 1995, which should also reduce
phosphoric acid releases. Programs to further
reduce phosphoric acid releases are being
studied.
1994 TRI Top Decreasers
in Underground Injection
Table 3-17 lists the 50 TRI facilities with the
greatest reported decreases in underground
injection from 1993 to 1994, ranked by the
magnitude of their decrease. Together, these 50
facilities accounted for reported reductions
totaling 26.6 million pounds.
Vulcan Chemicals, Wichita, KS: Reported
underground injection of hydrochloric acid
decreased from nearly 10 million pounds in
1993 to 1.5 million pounds in 1994 due to the
reprocessing of a hydrochloric acid waste
stream to produce calcium chloride. The
decrease in 1994 reflects an entire year of this
reprocessing operation after only a partial year
in 1993.
Cabot Corp., Tuscola, IL: Reported under-
ground injection of hydrochloric acid decreased
from 10.7 million to 8.2 million pounds. The
decrease in underground injection is due to an
increased market share for the sale of hydro-
chloric acid, a byproduct in the manufacture of
fumed silica. With increased sales, less material
was sent to the deepwell.
Hoechst Celanese Chemical, Pasadena, TX:
Reported underground injection of ethylene
glycol decreased from 5.6 million to 3.7 million
pounds in 1994. This is a result of a process
modification that reduced the volume of waste
from ethylene glycol production that was being
sent to the deepwell.
Cytec Industries Inc., Westwego, LA:
Reported underground injection of methanol
decreased from 7.0 million to 1.4 million
pounds in 1994. Methanol exists in an acid
waste stream generated from methyl meth-
acrylate production. The waste stream goes to a
regeneration plant for reprocessing into sulfuric
acid. This process destroys the methanol. 1994
was the first full year of operation of Cytec's
sulfuric acid regeneration plant, which yielded a
significant decrease in disposal of the acid-
methanol waste stream to the deepwell.
National Steel Corp., Portage, IN: Reported
underground injection of hydrochloric acid
decreased from 4.6 million to 2.6 million
pounds in 1994. More waste pickle liquor
containing hydrochloric acid was sent for off-
site recycling, resulting in less acid being
injected into the deepwell during 1994. The
pickle liquor is used to remove scale from steel.
DuPont, Victoria, TX: Reported underground
injection of nitric acid decreased from 16.1
million pounds in 1993 to 15.2 million pounds
in 1994. Nitric acid is used in the production of
adipic acid. Water is used to remove residual
nitric acid creating a waste stream with low acid
concentration. This stream goes through an acid
recovery distillation column. Acid that is not
recovered goes to the deepwell. The decrease in
reported releases was attributed to improve-
ments in the efficiency of the recovery process
and to pollution prevention changes made in
operating practices to reduce the number of
purges of nitric acid waste to the sumps.
211
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-17. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Decrease In Underground Injection, 1993-1994.
Facility Name
Vulcan Chemicals
Cabot Corp.
Hocchst Cclancsc Chemical
Cytee Ind. Inc.
National Steel Corp.
DuPoni
Hocchst Celancsc
Uni royal Chemical Co. Inc.
Sterling Chemicals Inc.
UOP
ISP Techs. Inc.
Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
Belhlehem Steel Corp.
Jetco Chemicals Inc.
Arislcch Chemical Corp.
Wilco Corp.
DP Chemicals Inc.
Zencca Specialties
Sandoz Agra Inc.
1C! Americas Inc.
Terra Nitrogen
Total Petroleum Inc.
Celancse Eng. Resins Inc.
Cytce Ind. Inc.
Phillips 66 Co.
Morton Intl. Inc.
Witco Corp.
Diamond Shamrock Inc.
Zinc Corp. of America
Arkansas Chemicals Inc.
QO Chemical Inc.
Elf Atochem N.A. Inc.
Witco Corp.
Rexcne Corp.
BASF Corp.
Sherwin-Williams Co.
Hazlcton Pumps Inc.
ABC Rail Corp.
Oxy Petrochemicals Inc.
Harris Semiconductor
Cabot Corp.
Reynolds Metals Co.
Quantum Chemical Co.
Arrow Tank &. Eng. Co.
Bayer Corp.
Criterion Catalyst Co. L.P.
Unocal Agricultural Prods.
Pimalco
Zcncca Inc.
LL&E Petroleum Marketing Inc.
Total
City
Wichita
Tuscola
Pasadena
Westwego
Portage
Victoria
Bay City
Geismar
Texas City
Blanchard
Texas City
El Dorado
Burns Harbor
Corsicana
Haverhill
Harvey
Lima
Mount Pleasant
Beaumont
Bucks
Catoosa
Alma
Bishop
Milton
Borger
Moss Point
Marshall
Sunray
Bartlesville
El Dorado
Belle Glade
Crosby
Houston
Odessa
Holland
Coffeyville
Hazleton
Pueblo
Corpus Christi
Palm Bay
Pampa
Kapolei
Tuscola
Cambridge
Elkhart
Michigan City
Kenai
Chandler
Saint Gabriel
Saralancl
State
KS
1L
TX
LA
IN
TX
TX
LA
TX
LA
TX
AR
IN
TX
OH
LA
OH
TN
TX
AL
OK
MI
TX
FL
TX
MS
TX
TX
OK
AR
FL
TX
TX
TX
MI
KS
PA
CO
TX
FL
TX
HI
IL
MN
IN
IN
AK
AZ
LA
AL
1993
Underground
Injection
Pounds
10,934,747
10,749,360
6,593,610
18,818,250
4,606,300
18,264,769
2,221,864
1,868,520
4,368,003
1,200,927
2,722,200
1,194,966
1,876,000
589,825
1,252,482
1,600,000
7,406,300
652,506
743,072
145,600
121,000
125,363
1,393,250
128.885
51,015
52,146
152,100
74,403
13,848
1,300,000
28,000
656,023
18,290
1 18,928
2,350
1.424
750
500
1,250
269
250
250
200
48
28
20
42
18
g
7
102,049,966
1994
Underground
Injection
Pounds
2,131,658
8,259,080
4,463,350
16,762,750
2,587,000
16,712,229
891,946
784,820
3,533,373
550,660
2,126,220
631,772
1,329,800
291,339
1,011,504
1,390,000
7,216,400
465,007
560,355
0
0
53,307
1,322,750
72,005
20,033
32,511
137,900
60,346
2,474
1,290,775
19,400
650,005
15,348
117,076
1,000
604
0
0
750
0
0
8
8
0
0
0
35
11
1
0
75,495,610
1993-1994
Change in
Underground
Injection
Pounds
-8,803,089
-2,490,280
-2,130,260
-2,055,500
-2,019,300
-1,552,540
-1,329,918
-1,083,700
-834,630
-650,267
-595,980
-563,194
-546,200
-298,486
-240,978
-210,000
-189,900
-187,499
-182,717
-145,600
-121,000
-72,056
-70,500
-56,880
-30,982
-19.635
-14,200
-14,057
-11,374
-9,225
-8,600
-6,018
-2,942
-1,852
-1,350
-820
-750
-500
-500
-269
-250
-242
-192
-48
-28
-20
-7
-7
-7
-7
-26,554,356
212
-------
Chapter 3 •
Year-to-Year Comparison of TRIData «
Hoechst Celanese, Bay City, XX: Reported
underground injection of acetaldehyde
decreased from 1.2 million to 206,000 pounds
due to the shutdown of the acetaldehyde
production unit in February 1994.
Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc., Geismar,
LA: Reported underground injection of
methanol decreased from 1.0 million to 260,000
pounds and toluene from 450,000 to 89,000
pounds. Uniroyal is a manufacturer of specialty
rubber chemicals and synthetic rubber. There
were two factors contributing to the decrease in
underground injection in 1994: First, process
modifications eliminated some of their aqueous
waste streams containing methanol and toluene.
Second, a steam stripper was installed to recover
waste methanol and toluene from the remaining
waste streams for recycling back into the
process.
Sterling Chemicals Inc., Texas City, TX:
Three chemicals accounted for the majority of
reported decreases in underground injection in
1994. Acetaldehyde decreased from 1.0 million
to 96,000 pounds; acetonitrile decreased from
772,000 to 508,000 pounds; and methanol
decreased from 1.7 million to 1.5 million
pounds. These chemicals are contained in waste
streams that are injected underground through a
deepwell. The decrease in underground injection
was attributed to fluctuations in analytical data
not representative of an actual decrease. Dis-
charges from all production units and collected
rainwater create a large volume deepwell stream
that contains very low, varying concentrations
of reported chemicals. The facility is looking for
ways to improve its estimating procedures,
including improved analytical methods and
sampling strategies.
UOP, Blanchard, LA: Reported underground
injection of ammonium nitrate (solution)
decreased from 1.2 million pounds in 1993 to
550,000 pounds in 1994 due to a change in its
product mix. Two of the products manufactured
in this facility are washed with an ammonium
nitrate solution. The waste stream from this
operation goes to the deepwell. Production of
these two products decreased in 1994, resulting
in decreased underground injection.
ISP Technologies Inc., Texas City, TX:
Reported underground injection of methanol
decreased from 1.7 million to 1.4 million
pounds. Waste methanol is generated in the
manufacture of formaldehyde. In 1994, a
program was instituted to improve data quality
through more frequent sampling of the deepwell
stream. This provided better analytical data and
resulted in lower release estimates for 1994.
This decrease does not represent an actual
reduction, but rather an improvement in release
estimation.
Great Lakes Chemical Corp., El Dorado,
AR: Reported underground injection of hydro-
chloric acid decreased from 1.2 million to
620,000 pounds because less hydrochloric acid
was needed in 1994 to acidify existing deep-
wells used for disposal of non-hazardous
process water. Older wells become less porous
and require acidify with hydrochloric acid to
reduce solids and increase flow. Although there
were three existing active wells, all of the
material injected underground went to a new
well, which did not require acidifying.
Bethlehem Steel Corp., Burns Harbor, IN:
Reported underground injection of hydrochloric
acid decreased from 1.8 million pounds in 1993
to 1.2 million pounds in 1994. Hydrochloric
acid is used in a pickling operation to remove
scale from sheet steel before further processing.
The amount of acid sent to the deepwell
depends on the amount of waste acid from the
pickling tanks (pickle liquor) which was not
sold for reuse. In 1994, Bethlehem Steel was
able to sell more of its pickle liquor, reducing
the amount sent to the deepwell. The waste
213
-------
Chapter 3 — YeaMo~Y&ar Comparison of TRI Data
MMMtt MUM
material from the pickling tanks can be reused
in wastewater treatment and in the processing of
iron.
Jetco Chemicals Inc., Corsicana, TX:
Reported underground injection of methanol
decreased from 580,000 to 290,000 pounds.
Jetco is a manufacturer of organic chemicals.
Waste methanol, generated in an amide
production process, is sent to a recovery
process. Waste methanol that is not recovered
had been sent to a deepwell until the well was
shut down in April 1994. The waste stream was
then sent off-site for treatment at a POTW.
Witco Corp., Harvey, LA: Reported under-
ground injection of methanol decreased from 1.6
million to 1.4 million pounds. The decrease was
attributed to the use of quality management
teams to track and monitor processes and
engineering controls to reduce releases, A
pressurized vent system was installed to reduce
vaporization of methanol. Methanol is used in
the manufacture of sulfonates.
1994 TRI Top Increasers
in Underground Injection
Table 3-18 lists the 50 TRI facilities with the
greatest reported increases in underground
injection from 1993 to 1994, ranked by the
magnitude of their increase. Together, these 50
facilities accounted for reported increases
totaling 41.3 million pounds.
DuPont, Beaumont, TX: Reported under-
ground injection of ammonium nitrate (solution)
increased from 15.5 million pounds in 1993 to
24.1 million pounds in 1994. An ammonium
nitrate waste stream is generated as a byproduct
in the aniline production unit. There were two
factors responsible for the increase in under-
ground injection: One was an increase in
production. The other factor was substituting
ammonia for sodium hydroxide previously used
in aniline production. The use of ammonia
eliminated plugging in the process equipment.
The increased use of ammonia generated more
ammonium nitrate going to the deepwell stream.
Coastal Chemical Inc., Cheyenne, WY:
Reported underground injection of ammonium
nitrate (solution) increased from 10.9 million
pounds in 1993 to 17.8 million pounds in 1994.
Ammonium nitrate waste is generated during
the production of inorganic chemicals. The
increase in underground injection resulted from
a secondary evaporator being taken out of
service due to air emissions concerns. A new
secondary vacuum evaporator was put on line in
January 1995. Underground injection of
ammonium nitrate (solution) is expected to
decrease for the 1995 reporting year.
DuPont, New Johnsonville, TN: Reported
underground injection of hydrochloric acid
increased from 49.0 million to 55.0 million
pounds. This increase was primarily due to
increased production in 1994, from which
hydrochloric acid is generated as a byproduct.
Some increase was attributed to the variability
of the raw materials used to produce titanium
dioxide.
Great Lakes Chemical Corp. (Central Plant),
El Dorado, AR: Reported underground
injection increased for methanol from 540,000
to 3.8 million pounds and for hydrochloric acid
from 800,000 to 1.5 million pounds as a result
of increased production. Waste methanol is
generated in the manufacture of flame
retardants. Waste hydrochloric acid is generated
in the production of bromine and bromine
derivatives, for which there was an increased
worldwide demand in 1994.
Upjohn Company, Portage, MI: Reported
underground injection of methanol increased
from 940,000 to 3.4 million pounds in 1994. In
previous years, Upjohn sent methanol waste
214
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-18. Top 50 TRI Facilities with the Largest Increase in Underground Injection, 1993-1994.
Facility Name
DuPont
Coastal Chem Inc.
DuPont
Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
Upjohn Co.
BP Chemicals Inc.
Monsanto Co.
Chevron Chemical Co.
Monsanto Co.
DuPont
ARCO Chemical Co.
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical
AK Steel Corp.
Albemarle Corp.
Warner-Lambert Co.
Merichem Co.
Rubicon Inc.
DuPont
Shell Oil Co.
Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
Air Products Mfg. Corp.
LTV Steel Co.
Angus Chemical Co.
Wil-Gro Fertilizer
Amoco Petroleum Prods.
Monsanto Co.
DuPont
DuPont
Calumet Lubricants Co. L.P.
ASARCO Inc.
Cominco Fertilizers U.S. Inc.
Martin Marietta Magnesia
Texaco Refining & Marketing
Allied-Signal Inc.
Petrolite Corp.
Borden Chemicals & Plastics
Jameco fad. Inc.
BHP Petroleum Americas
Macklanburg-Duncan Co.
BASF Corp.
Mineral Pigments Corp.
Hampshire Chemical Corp.
Farmland Ind. Inc.
Plasma Processing Corp.
Ampex Recording Media Corp.
Dow Chemical Co.
Hoskins Mfg. Co.
Texaco Refining & Marketing
Hoskins Mfg. Co.
Witco Corp.
Total
City
Beaumont
Cheyenne
New Johnsonville
El Dorado
Portage
Port Lavaca
Cantonment
Belle Chasse
Luling
Pass Christian
Channel view
Mulberry
Middletown
Magnolia
Holland
Houston
Geismar
La Porte
Deer Park
Magnolia
Wichita
Hennepin
Sterlington
Pryor
Texas City
Alvin
La Place
Orange
Princeton
Amarillo
Borger
Manistee
Bakcrsfield
Danville
Barnsdall
Geismar
Wyandanch
Kapolei
Oklahoma City
Freeport
Beltsville
Deer Park
Dodge City
Millwood
Opelika
Plaquemine
New Paris
Bakcrsfield
Mio
Perth Amboy
State
TX
WY
TN
AR
MI
TX
FL
LA
LA
MS
TX
FL
OH
AR
MI
TX
LA
TX
TX
AR
KS
IL
LA
OK
TX
TX
LA
TX
LA
TX
TX
Ml
CA
IL
OK
LA
NY
HI
OK
TX
MD
TX
KS
WV
AL
LA
IN
CA
MI
NJ
1993
Underground
Injection
Pounds
18,249,206
10,887,276
49,000,000
1,878,740
1,522,156
6,460,246
5,764,657
282,655
2,986,400
56,000,000
874,612
4,876,348
3,520,000
430,810
2,586,033
3,772,600
2,560,300
2,338,980
14,295
120,000
59,595
1,800,250
5,500,000
945,100
466,000
4,164,600
778,597
1,091,718
284
132,635
596
45,000
794
1,617
6,000
853
0
30
395
200
0
1,511
0
11
6
0
68
78
42
0
189,121,294
1994
Underground
Injection
Pounds
27,664,275
17,821,000
55,000,000
6,011,918
3,797.750
8,612,640
7,622,143
1,318,156
4,008,070
57,000,000
1,548,237
5,482,541
4,110,000
924,755
3,028,490
4,214,300
2,985,500 '
2,762,493
424,000
316,173
166,905
1,900,250
5,600,000
1,027,440
544,800
4,234,400 '
831,167
1,136,934
29,564
159,870
19,972
58,000
13,685
4.159
8,000
1,763
760
765
1,117
800
500
1,842
330
301
251
47
106
114
56
5
230,396,344
1993-1994
Change in
Underground
Injection
Pounds
9,415,069
6,933,724
6,000,000
4,133,178
2,275,594
2,152,394
1,857,486
1,035,501
1,021,670
1,000,000
673,625
606,193
590,000
493,945
442,457
441.700
. . 425,200
423,513
409,705
196,173
107,310
100,000
• 100,000 .
82,340
78,800
69,800
52,570
45,216
29,280
27,235
19,376
13,000
12,891
2,542
2,000
910
760
735
722
600 '
500
331
330
290
245
47
38
36
14
' . • 5
41,275,050
215
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
streams to a POTW for treatment. The facility
was unable to continue this method of disposal
and had to revert to deepwell injection.
Methanol has also replaced other solvents,
increasing its usage.
BP Chemicals Inc., Port Lavaca, TX:
Reported underground injection increased for
acetonitrile from 3.8 million to 4.6 million
pounds, for acrylamide from 930,000 to 1.5
million pounds, for acrylonitrile from 620,000
to 1.0 million pounds, and for cyanide
compounds from 170,000 to 590,000 pounds.
These chemicals are byproducts from the
acrylonitrile manufacturing process. The
increase in underground injection was primarily
due to increased production and improved
analytical methods which affected estimates.
Increased underground injection of acetonitrile
was also attributed in part to higher purity
production runs. Releases of cyanide
compounds increased due to lower pH
operations.
Monsanto Co., Cantonment, FL: Reported
underground injection of ammonium nitrate
(solution) increased from 4.7 million to 5.9
million pounds primarily due to increased
production. Nitric acid, a raw material used in
the production of adipic acid, is collected in a
process waste stream and neutralized with
ammonia. This generates ammonium nitrate
which goes to the deepwell. A smaller amount
of ammonium nitrate is also generated from
neutralization of nitric acid from a nitric acid
production process. This waste stream also goes
to the deepwell.
Chevron Chemical Co., Belle Chasse, LA:
Reported underground injection of ethylene
glycol increased from 266,000 to 1.2 million
pounds due to increased production and a
change in the method of calculating the amount
injected. A project to expand the capacity to
recover ethylene glycol was completed in late
1995 and should result in decreased under-
ground injection in the future. The facility's
deepwell elimination project is targeted for
completion in early 1998.
Monsanto Co., Luling, LA: Reported under-
ground injection of formaldehyde increased
from 2.9 million to 3.9 million pounds due to
increased production in 1994. Monsanto is a
manufacturer of agricultural products, pharma-
ceuticals, ammonia, and other industrial
chemicals and generates production waste
containing formaldehyde.
DuPont, Pass Christian, MS: Reported under-
ground injection of hydrochloric acid increased
from 56.0 million to 57.0 million pounds. This
was due to increased production and variability
in the ore processed. Hydrochloric acid is used
in the production of inorganic pigments.
ARCO Chemical Co., Channelview, TX:
Reported underground injection of ethyl
benzene, methanol, and styrene increased from
609,000 pounds in 1993 to 1.2 million pounds
in 1994. The increase was due to increased
production and to cleaning activities during a
planned major shutdown which enabled a
detailed equipment inspection. Wastewater from
the cleaning activities went to the deepwell.
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical, Mulberry,
FL: Reported underground injection of hydro-
chloric acid increased from 4.9 million pounds
in 1993 to 5.5 million pounds in 1994 due to
increased production. The acid waste stream is
generated in the production of sodium fluoro-
silicate.
AK Steel Corp., Middletown, OH: The
reported increase in underground injection of
hydrochloric acid from 3.5 million to 4.1 mil-
lion pounds was due to increased production.
Hydrochloric acid is used in pickling lines for
steel processing.
216
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to~Year Comparison of TRI Data
II 19 K II K U §4
Albemarle Corp., Magnolia, AR: Reported
underground injection of hydrochloric acid
increased from 388,000 pounds in 1993 to
910,000 pounds in 1994. Brine pumped from
deepwells is processed to remove bromine.
Debrominated brine is then reinjected into the
same formation through a well which is acidi-
fied with hydrochloric acid. The amount of acid
used is driven by what is needed to maintain
flow in the deepwell field. Increased under-
ground injection resulted from increased
acidifying activity in 1994.
Warner-Lambert Co., Holland, MI: Reported
underground injection of methanol increased
from 2.5 million pounds in 1993 to 2.8 million
pounds in 1994. Methanol is used in the produc-
tion of bulk pharmaceuticals. The increase in
waste methanol resulted from increased produc-
tion. In 1993, two processes were operating at
pilot plant levels. By 1994, these units were up
to full-scale production. Products from these
two processes nearly tripled in 1994.
RELATIONSHIP OF TRI RELEASES
TO CHANGES IN PRODUCTION
Environmental releases of TRI chemicals have
declined significantly since 1988. There are
several potential explanations for such a
decrease. One is that facilities have undertaken
actions to reduce releases, and are instead using
more preferable waste management options or
are eliminating pollution at the source. Another
possible explanation is that production has
decreased in the manufacturing sector as a result
of an economic downturn, causing a concomi-
tant decrease in releases. One way to determine
the cause of the change is to compare the value
of goods produced from manufacturing facilities
to the quantity of TRI chemicals released.
Decreases in the ratio over time would connote
progress, since this would indicate that releases
were declining relative to production.
The value of production is calculated here as the
value of shipments for an industry plus the
change in inventory from the previous year. The
data are adjusted for inflation using the producer
price indices for each industry, and are
expressed in constant 1988 dollars. The value of
production for an industry is not a perfect
measure of the actual quantity produced. The
most serious limitation is that the available
figures for value of production cover an entire
industry, and not just the small fraction of
facilities that report to TRI. Also, value of
production data do not cover the production of
intermediates that are not sold. In addition, to
the extent that the product mix at firms reporting
to TRI is not representative of the product mix
for their industry as a whole and the prices of
these products change at rates different from the
rate of inflation for the industry as a whole, then
the value of production data will reflect not only
changes in production but also changes in
prices. Despite these limitations, value of
production data constitute the best data readily
available to represent production for this type of
comparison.
Table 3-19 and 3-20 present the production and
releases for the manufacturing sector, and the
ratio between the two. Between 1988 and 1994,
releases fell 44% at the same time that produc-
tion increased 9%. From 1993 to 1994, releases
decreased 8% while production rose 5%. The
ratio of releases to the value of production
declined from 1.31 in 1988 to 0.77 in 1993, and
then to 0.67 in 1994. This evidence supports the
hypothesis that the reductions in releases
reported to TRI are due to changes in how
wastes are created and managed, and not
because of changes in the economy.
217
-------
IBte
Chapter 3—Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-19. Ratio of Releases to Value of Production, by Industry, 1988,1993,1994.©
SIC
Code Industry
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Appaid
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stonc/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabr. Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
MeasureJPhoto.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39®
Total
Value of Production
$ Billion, 1988
1988
352
23
65
65
72
39
123
145
260
131
95
10
63
150
159
246
188
359
115
35
—
2,695
1993
381
19
70
67
70
42
126
140
280
126
114
9
60
145
159
255
220
351
121
38
—
2,793
1994
384
23
74
69
73
43
132
139
290
131
123
8
• 63
157
171
288
241
374
120
39
—
2.942
1988
9.1
1.2
34.3
0.9
31.1
61.4
227.7
60.7
1,322.8
67.7
146.6
11.9
27.1
496.2
131.8
59.6
115.9
191.0
49.9
28.6
446.6
3,522,1
Total Releases
Million Pounds
1993
12.0
0.6
17.6
1.0
29.8
54.0
179.8
35.9
874.4
50.9
11 1.0
4.4
14.3
304.6
88.6
26.5
32.9
123.8
22.5
15.2
137.2
2,137.0
Ratio of Releases to
Value of Production
Million Pounds/S Billion
1994
10.3
1.0
15.9
1.3
31.7
50.6
218.6
34.2
700.7
43.8
111.6
3.6
12.4
293.8
86.1
23.5
29.0
119.7
15.7
13.7
142.9
1,960.1
1988
0.03
0.05
0.53
0.01
0.43
1.57
1.85
0.42
5.09
0.52
1.54
1.19
0.43
3.31
0.83
0.24
0.62
0.53
0.43
0,82
—
1,31
1993
0.03
0,03
0.25
0.01
0.43
1.29
1.43
0.26
3.12
0.40
0.97
0.49
0.24
2.10
0.56
0.10
0.15
0.35
0.19
0,40
—
0.77
1994
0.03
0.04
0.22
0.02
0.43
1.18
1.66
0.25
2.42
0.33
0.91
0.45
0.20
1.87
0.50
0.08
0.12
0.32
0.13
0.35
—
0.67
Value of production equals value of shipments and change in inventory from previous year. Amounts in pounds have been
assigned to single-category SIC codes if only one SIC code was reported for a particular chemical form from the facility.
Facilities that did not report any SIC codes in 20-39 are excluded. Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,
1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
218
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-20. Growth Rates in Ratio of Releases to Production, by Industry, 1988-1994 and 1993-1994.©
SIC
Code Industry
20 Food
21 Tobacco
22 Textiles
23 Apparel
24 Lumber
25 Furniture
26 Paper
27 Printing
28 Chemicals
29 Petroleum
30 Plastics
31 Leather
32 Stone/Clay/Glass
33 Primary Metals
34 Fabr. Metals
35 Machinery
36 Electrical Equip,
37 Transportation Equip.
38 Measure./Photo.
39 Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39©
Total
Percent Change in
Value of Production
1988 -1994
Percent
9.1
0.0
13.8
6.2
1.4
10.3
7.3
-4.1
11.5
0.0
29.5
-20.0
0.0
4.7
7.5
17.1
28.2
4.2
• 4.3
11.4
—
9.2
1993-1994
Percent
0.8
21,1
5.7
3.0
4.3
2.4
4.8
-0.7
3.6
4.0
7.9
-11.1
5,0
8.3
7.5
12.9
9.5
6.6
-0.8
2.6
—
5.3
Percent Change in
TRI Releases
1988-1994
Percent
13.2
-16.7
-53.6
44.4
1.9
-17.6
-4.0
-43.7
-47.0
-35.3
-23.9
-69.7 '
-54.2
-40.8
-34.7
-60.6
-75.0
-37.3
-68.5
-52.1
-68.0
-44.3
1993-1994
Percent
-14.2
66.7
-9.7
30.0
6.4
-6.3
21.6
-4.7
-19.9
-13.9
0.5
-18,2
-13.3
-3.5
.2.8
-11,3
-11.9
-3.3
-30.2
-9.9
4.2
-8.3
Percent Change in Ratio of
Releases to Production
1988-1994
Percent
3.8
-17.3
-59.3
35.7
0.5
-25.2
-10.5
-41.3
-52.5
-35.4
-41.2
-62.2
-54.2
-43.4
-39.2
-66.1
-80.5
-39.8
-69.8
-57.0
—
-49.0
1993-1994
Percent
-12,9
34.4
-14.3
26.7
1.9
-8.5
16.0
-3.9
-22.6 .
-17.3
-6.9
-8.0
-17.2
-10.9
-9.5
-21.2
r20,0
-9.3
-29.6
-12.3
— .
-12.9
Value of production equals value of shipments and change in inventory from previous year. Amounts in pounds have been
assigned to single-category SIC codes if only one SIC code was reported for a particular chemical form from the facility.
Facilities that did not report any SIC codes in 20-39 are excluded. Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,
1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
219
-------
Chapters — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
CHANGES IN RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS BY CHEMICAL
1993-1994 Comparisons
Table 3-21 presents TRI total release data for
the 20 chemicals with the largest decreases in
total releases from 1993 to 1994. Phosphoric
acid releases declined by nearly 134 million
pounds, or 63.0%, due to decreased releases
from two fertilizer facilities in Louisiana. TRI
releases of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, an ozone-
depleting chemical, decreased by nearly 27
million pounds since 1993, a decline of 41.3%.
The number of TRI reporting forms submitted
for this chemical dropped by 42.8% between
1993 and 1994, from 2,111 to 1,207.
Table 3-22 presents TRI total release data for
the 20 chemicals with the largest increase in
releases between 1993 and 1994. TRI releases
of methanol increased by 39 million pounds, or
18.1%, since 1993. Releases of zinc compounds
increased by nearly 12 million pounds, or
16.9%.
1988-1994 Changes
Table 3-23 presents the TRI total release data
for the 20 chemicals with the largest decreases
between 1988 and 1994. Table 3-24 presents the
decrease in number of forms submitted for the
20 chemicals with the greatest decrease in
number of forms between 1988 and 1994.
Releases of hydrochloric acid have decreased by
nearly 267 million pounds since 1988, a decline
of 55.4%. Releases of 1,1,1-trichloroethane have
decreased by nearly 143 million pounds, a
decline of 79.0% since 1988. Releases of
toluene have decreased by 132 million pounds,
or 43.9%, since 1988.
Table 3-25 presents the TRI total release data
for the 20 chemicals with the largest increase in
total releases between 1988 and 1994. Table
3-26 presents the 20 chemicals with the largest
increase in number of forms submitted since
1988.
Table 3-27 presents the change in total TRI
releases to air, water, and land for ozone-
depleting chemicals between 1988 and 1994.
Production of ozone-depleting chemicals is
being phased out under the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990. Freon 113 and 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, both of which can no longer be
produced as of January 1, 1996, have exper-
ienced very high rates of decline in releases in
recent years.
Table 3-28 presents the change in combined TRI
releases to air, water, and land for the 25
carcinogens with the largest releases to air,
water, and land from 1988 to 1994. Releases of
only two of these carcinogens, styrene and
acetaldehyde, have increased since 1988.
However, releases of eight of them increased
between 1993 and 1994.
Table 3-29 presents the complete release and
transfer information for all TRI chemicals for
which reports have been received in at least one
year between 1988 and 1994.
220
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-21. Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Decreases in Total Releases, 1993-1994.®
CAS
Number©
7664-38-2
71-55-6
7782-50-5
7647-01-0
108-88-3
75-15-0
—
78-93-3
76-13-1
1330-20-7
75-69-4
7439-92-1
67-66-3
75-71-8
—
75-09-2
107-21-1
7440-66-6
—
110-82-7
Chemical
Phosphoric acid
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Chlorine
Hydrochloric acid
Toluene
Carbon disulfide
Manganese compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Freon 1 13
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11)
Lead
Chloroform
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)
Barium compounds
Dichloromethane
Bthylene glycol
Zinc (fume or dust)
Chromium compounds
Cyclohexane
Total
1993
Pounds
212,654,866
64,824,511
76,154,785
227,843,779
181,268,431
93,895,972
50,447,303
86,796,215
9,871,141
113,188,013
6,146,802
4,058,477
14,374,674
7,518,793
3,334,349
66,001,356
18,676,415
12,203,536
23,359,274
10,694,422
Releases
1994
Pounds
78,766,375
38,056,891
60,432,224
214,951,882
168,958,681
83,384,729
41,504,786
79,360,966
5,077,542
108,936,037
2,994,474
929,682
11,377,517
4,872,594
694,221
63,774,566
16,450,662
10,155,449
21,340,317
8,920,323
1993-1994
Pounds
-133,888,491
-26,767,620
-15,722,561
-12,891,897
-12,309,750
-10,511,243
-8,942,517
-7,435,249
-4,793,599
-4,251,976
-3,152,328
-3,128,795
-2,997,157
-2,646,199
-2,640,128
-2,226,790
-2,225,753
-2,048,087
-2,018,957
-1,774,099
Change
Percent
-63.0
-41.3
-20.6
-5.7
-6.8
-11.2
-17.7
-8.6
-48.6
-3.8
-51.3
-77.1
-20.9
-35.2
-79.2
-3.4
-11.9
-16.8
-8.6
-16.6
Table 3-22. Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Increases in Total Releases, 1993-1994.®
CAS
Number©
67-56-1
—
6484-52-2
100-42-5
75-07-0
79-10-7
463-58-1
—
100-41-4
108-95-2
74-85-1
—
75-05-8
50-00-0
1319-77-3
79-06-1
107-13-1
115-07-1
—
95-63-6
Chemical
Methanol
Zinc compounds
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Styrene
Acetaldehyde
Acrylic acid
Carbonyl sulfide
Glycol ethers
Ethylbenzene
Phenol
Ethylene
Lead compounds
Acetonitrile
Formaldehyde
Cresol (mixed isomers)
Acrylamlde
Acrylonitrile
Propylene
Cyanide compounds
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Total
1993
Pounds
216,526,620
69,934,091
50,346,341
33,728,167
9,288,052
4,105,731
14,361,687
46,465,874
10,841,583
10,035,090
33,573,354
14,390,839
16,944,181
18,567,066
1,432,977
4,041,746
5,255,853
19,340,724
3,367,458
6,918,335
Releases
1994
Pounds
255,766,934
81,764,720
60,545,892
40,156,848
13,052,168
6,915,166
17,146,171
48,991,927
12,802,139
11,944,178
35,297,774
16,113,050
18,264,054
19,755,899
2,618,085
5,217,625
6,379,861
20,456,432
4,382,509
7,765,787
1993-1994
Pounds
39,240,314
11,830,629
10,199,551
6,428,681
3,764,116
2,809,435
2,784,484
2,526,053
1,960,556
1,909,088
1,724,420
1,722,211
1,319,873
1,188,833
1,185,108
1,175,879
1,124,008
1,115,708
1,015,051
847,452
Change
Percent
18.1
16.9
20.3
19.1
40.5
68.4
19.4
5.4
18.1
19.0
5.1
12.0
7.8
6.4
82.7
29.1
21.4
5.8
30.1
12.2
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
221
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-23, Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Decreases In Total Releases, 1988-1994.®
CAS
Number©
7647-01-0
71-55-6
108-88-3
7664-38-2
7782-50-5
75-09-2
76-13-1
78-93-3
67-56-1
—
1330-20-7
75-15-0
—
6484-52-2
127-18-4
79-01-6
71-43-2
7440-66-6
79-10-7
67-66-3
Chemical
Hydrochloric acid
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Toluene
Phosphoric acid
Chlorine
Dichlorome thane
Freon 113
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methanol
Manganese compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Carbon disulfide
Zinc compounds
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
Benzene
Zinc (fume or dust)
Acrylic acid
Chloroform
1988
Pounds
481,644,875
180,951,709
301,048,797
177,279,686
141,426,877
131,090,918
70,643,730
141,264,638
312,020,490
93,522,014
159,455,302
124,206,241
121,846,602
95,223,692
36,310,255
55,963,013
33,216,298
30,066,456
23,094,652
27,206,543
Total Releases
1992
Pounds
288,550,871
117,708,080
198,869,733
206,649,560
87,411,253
76,212,915
24,955,220
93,910,362
257,562,314
66,631,637
1 14,996,795
92,957,584
82,277,108
48,285,423
12,727,669
30,481,655
13,790,881
17,062,898
5,052,802
17,822,568
1993
Pounds
227,843,779
64,824,511
181,268,431
212,654,866
76,154,785
66,001,356
9,871,141
86,796,215
216,526,620
50,447,303
113,188,013
93,895,972
69,934,091
50,346,341
11,815,905
30,478,172
11,456,240
12,203,536
4,105,731
14,374,674
1994
Pounds
214,951,882
38,056,891
168,958,681
78,766,375
60,432,224
63,774,566
5,077,542
79,360,966
255,766,934
41,504,786
108,936,037
83,384,729
81,764,720
60,545,892
10,214,401
29,878,249
9,763,105
10,155,449
6,915,166
11,377,517
1988-1994
Pounds
-266,692,993
-142,894,818
-132,090,116
-98,513,311
-80,994,653
-67,316,352
-65,566,188
-61,903,672
-56,253,556
-52,017,228
-50,519,265
-40,821,512
-40,081,882
-34,677,800
-26,095,854
-26,084,764
-23,453,193
-19,911,007
-16,179,486
-15,829,026
Change
Percent
-55.4
-79.0
-43.9
-55.6
-57.3
-51.4
-92.8
-43.8
-18.0
-55.6
-31.7
-32.9
-32.9
-36.4
-71.9
-46.6
-70.6
-66.2
-70.1
-58.2
Table 3-24. Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Decreases In Number of Forms Submitted, 1988-1994.©
CAS
Number®
71-55-6
76-13-1
75-09-2
108-88-3
7782-50-5
127-18-4
7440-66-6
584-84-9
79-01-6
—
91-08-7
78-93-3
107-21-1
—
1330-20-7
1336-36-3
7697-37-2
7440-39-3
132-64-9
120-12-7
Chemical
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Freon 113
Dichloromethane
Toluene
Chlorine
Tetrachloroethylene
Zinc (fume or dust)
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
Trichloroethylene
Cyanide compounds
Toluene~2,6-diisocyanate
Methyl ethyl ketone
Ethylene glycol
Mixtures and other trade names
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Nitric acid
Barium
Dibenzofuran
Anthracene
1988
Number
3,915
1,440
1,673
3,999
1,800
746
646
257
951
393
189
2,527
1,450
174
3,464
121
1,917
142
110
139
Forms
1992
Number
3,210
872
1,140
3,822
1,543
519
458
84
681
261
52
2,512
1,358
62
3,497
19
1,847
67
44
86
1993
Number
2,111
468
1,081
3,643
1,510
490
423
76
790
256
44
2,473
1,343
49
3,419
16
1,858
65
45
83
1994
Number
1,207
237
1,030
3,566
1,449
459
410
76
783
247
47
2,389
1,321
54
3,346
13
1,827
57
34
68
1988-1994
Number
-2,708
-1,203
-643
-433
-351
-287
-236
-181
-168
-146
-142
-138
-129
-120
-118
-108
-90
-85
-76
-71
Change
Percent
-69.2
-83.5
-38.4
-10.8
-19.5
-38.5
-36.5
-70.4
-17.7
-37.2
-75.1
-5.5
-8.9
-69.0
-3.4
-89.3
-4.7
-59.9
-69.1
-51.1
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
222
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI OafaJ
Table 3-25. Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Increases in Total Releases, 1988-1994.©
CAS
Number©
100-42-5
100-41-4
75-07-0
95-63-6
. 79-06-1
103-23-1
108-39-4
1634-04-4
95-48-7
101-68-8
60-35-5
1163-19-5
74-90-8
—
123-31-9
—
105-67-9
107-02-8
84-66-2
Chemical
Copper compounds
Styrene
Ethylbenzene
Acetaldehyde
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Aerylamide
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
m-Cresol
Methyl tert-butyl ether
o-Cresol
Methylenebis(phenyl-
isocyanate)
Acetamide
Decabromodiphenyloxide
Hydrogen cyanide
Selenium compounds
Hydroquinone
Cobalt compounds
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Aerolein
Diethyl phtnalate
1988
Pounds
33,191,298
34,276,173
7,990,410
9,342,141
4,421,702
2,227,899
104,217
19,170
2,624,516
91,908
334,755
0
51,846
2,851,188
63,906
393,475
177,532
37,174
103,102
99,889
Total
1992
Pounds
41,121,405
31,971,246
10,639,198
8,968,987
6,069,703
4,228,828
468,917
506,999
3,217,131
513,504
542,226
100,821
570,715
3,146,900
136,068
268,235
316,131
94,356
139,285
94,736
Releases
1993
Pounds
47,605,063
33,728,167
10,841,583
9,288,052
6,918,335
4,041,746
771,374
556,762
3,774,957
727,480
587,467
1,089,016
711,918
3,056,314
200,864
499,186
233,306
86,647
126,122
159,386
1994
Pounds
47,115,388
40,156,848
12,802,139
13,052,168
7,765,787
5,217,625
844,594
668,142
3,223,885
677,434
846,938
466,028
469,811
3,143,253
189,350
506,235
274,589
122,702
170,087
160,070
1988-1994
Pounds
13,924,090
5,880,675
4,811,729
3,710,027
3,344,085
2,989,726
740,377
648,972
599,369
585,526
512,183
466,028
417,965
292,065
125,444
1 12,760
97,057
85,528
66,985
60,181
Change
Percent
42.0
17.2
60.2
39.7
75.6
134.2
710.4
3,385.4
22.8
637.1
153.0
—
806.2
10.2
196.3
28.7
54.7
230.1
65.0
60.2
Table 3-26. Top 20 TRI Chemicals for Increases in Number of Forms Submitted, 1988-1994.©
CAS
Number©
_^
7440-50-8
7440-02-0
—
7440-47-3
95-63-6
7439-96-5
I01-68-8
—
100-41-4
—
—
—
100-42-5
—
7664-38-2
75-07-0
98-82-8
—
91-20-3
Chemical
Zinc compounds
Copper
Nickel
Glycol ethers
Chromium
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Manganese
Methylenebis(phenyl-
isocyanate)
Manganese compounds
Ethylbenzene
Copper compounds
Nickel compounds
Antimony compounds
Styrene
Chromium compounds
Phosphoric acid
Acetaldehyde
Cumene
Lead compounds
Naphthalene
Forms
1988
Number
1,646
1,946
1,162
1,620
1,233
288
931
430
540
563
1,033
567
270
1,247
1,203
2,531
65
117
730
420
1992
Number
2,442
2,447
1,653
2,232
1,638
652
1,267
789
961
904
1,482
795
523
1,445
1,496
2,709
94
219
897
479
1993
Number
2,498
2,539
1,706
2,209
1,768
708
1,339
842
1,000
945
1,444
831
506
1,448
1,438
2,719
107
236
870
489
1994
Number
2,458
2,537
1,739
2,157
1,766
753
1,385
879
986
969
1,412
834
520
1,489
1,416
2,710
227
237
845
527
1988-1994
Number
812
591
577
537
533
465
454
449
446
406
379
267
250
242
213
179
162
120
115
107
Change
Percent
49.3
30.4
49.7
33.1
43.2
161.5
48.8
104.4
82.6
72.1
36.7
47.1
92.6
19.4
17.7
7.1
249.2
102.6
15.8
25.5
© Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
© Compounds categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
223
-------
itar
[Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TFH Data
Table 3-27. Change in TR1 Total Air/Water/Land Releases for Ozone Depleters, 1988-1994.
CAS
Number
353-59-3
74-83-9
75-63-8
56-23-5
124-73-2
75-71-8
76-14-2
76-13-1
76-15-3
71-55-6
75-69-4
Chemical
Bromochlorodi fluoro-
methane (Halon 1211)
Bromomethane
Bromotrifluoro-
methane (Halon 1301)
Carbon tetrachloride
Dibromotetrafluoro-
ethane (Halon 2402)
Dichlorodifluoro-
methane (CFC-12)
Dlchlorotetrafluoro-
cthane(CFC-114)
Freon 113
Monochloropenta-
fluoroethane (CFC-1 15)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoro-
methane (CFC-1 1)
Total Air/Water/Land Releases
1988©
Pounds
NA
2,784,795
NA
3,808,981
NA
NA
NA
70,637,765
NA
180,950,709
NA
1992
Pounds
16,747
3,050,082
110,151
1,394,918
768
11,650,585
1,079,479
24,955,006
421,692
117,707,519
9,483,683
1993
Pounds
9,273
3,224,204
40,885
2,235,691
0
7,518,792
1,112,303
9,871,137
560,753
64,821,983
6,146,791
1994
Pounds
970
2,669,788
22,335
620,150
0
4,872,540
1,368,794
5,077,542
328,164
38,056,789
2,994,463
1988-1994 Change
Pounds Percent
_ _
-115,007 -4,1
— —
-3,188,831 -83,7
— —
— —
— —
-65,560,223 -92.8
— —
-142,893,920 -79.0
— —
NA: Halons and CFCs were not reportable until 1991.
224
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-28. Change in TRI Total Air/Water/Land Releases for Carcinogens with Largest 1994 Total Air/Water/
Land Releases, 1988-1994.
CAS
Number®
75-09-2
100-42-5
75-07-0
50-00-0
67-66-3
127-18-4
71-43-2
106-99-0
107-06-2
7440-47-3
—
107-13-1
8001-58-9
75-01-4
75-56-9
7440-02-0
7439-92-1
75-21-8
56-23-5
117-81-7
123-91-1
106-89-8
1332-21-4
106-46-7
140-88-5
Chemical
Dichloromethane
Styrene
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Chloroform
Tetrachloroethylene
Benzene
1,3-Butadiene
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Chromium
Nickel compounds
Acrylonitrile
Creosote®
Vinyl chloride
Propylene oxide
Nickel
Lead
Ethylene oxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
1 ,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
Asbestos (friable)
1 ,4-DichIorobenzene
Ethyl acrylate
Total Air/Water/Land Releases
1988
Pounds
129,612,085
34,276,008
7,123,036
13,658,845
27,170,543
36,238,005
32,391,263
7,532,529
4,657,872
9,920,727
2,786,930
4,217,126
NA
1,445,649
3,798,316
1,767,809
7,839,400
4,731,285
3,808,981
1,240,837
827,655
714,548
2,171,075
1,898,872
247,458
1992
Pounds
75,029,048
31,888,076
7,063,128
12,005,481
17,772,328
12,714,889
13,435,198
3,894,618
3,257,325
1,636,645
1,523,248
1,624,109
1,410,730
1,123,111
1,413,227
3,240,697
2,544,037
1,319,349
1,394,918
1,011,556
1,135,121
527,473
247,308
340,589
207,314
1993
Pounds
65,045,258
33,595,560
6,664,718
12,254,641
14,336,635
11,800,864
11,099,580
3,228,505
2,332,567
1,531,821
3,112,070
1,432,472
1,198,339
1,020,471
1,181,950
840,929
4,058,477
1,078,502
2,235,691
674,111
1,234,968
390,129
546,441
360,268
187,191
1994
Pounds
62,813,624
39,905,987
12,450,001
12,016,389
11,297,515
10,210,350
9,540,002
2,711,287
1,878,367
1,804,579
1,609,954
1,485,374
1,356,306
1,066,618
1,054,684
981,388
929,682
717,828
620,150
560,325
538,929
490,967
294,368
259,883
173,355
Change 1988-1994
Pounds
-66,798,461
5,629,979
5,326,965
-1,642,456
-15,873,028
-26,027,655
-22,851,261
-4,821,242
-2,779,505
-8,116,148
-1,176,976
-2,731,752
—
-379,031
'-2,743,632
-786,421
-6,909,718
-4,013,457
-3,188,831
-680,512
-288,726
-223,581
-1,876,707
-1,638,989
-74,103
Percent
-51.5
16.4
74.8
-12.0
-58.4
-71.8
-70.5
-64.0
-59.7
-81.8
-42.2
-64.8
—
-26.2
-72.2
-44.5
-88.1
-84.8
-83.7
-54.8
-34.9
-31.3
-86.4
: -86.3
-29.9
Compounds categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
NA: Creosote was not reportable until 1990.
225
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered).®
CAS
Number^)
75-07-0
60-35-5
75-05-8
107-02-8
79-06-1
79-10-7
107-13-1
107-05-1
7429-90-5
60-09-3
92-67-1
6484-52-2
62-53-3
Chemical
Acetaldehyde
Acctamide
Acclonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylomtrile
Ally! chloride
Aluminum (fume or dust)
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Ammonium nitrate
(solution)
Aniline
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
227
107
94
65
4
4
4
1
86
78
74
67
17
15
17
12
76
78
74
59
185
185
179
158
114
118
116
113
20
19
19
20
297
291
322
358
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
227
224
225
217
67
72
74
68
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,277,627
1,733,349
1,991,766
2,595,538
8
7
3
0
786.855
884.529
782,302
1,408,588
6,342
11,765
12,775
17352
8,815
24,241
24,406
17,298
254,532
339,678
285,236
585,041
333,620
355,997
346,665
1,006,698
149,565
75,867
96,328
93,811
375,561
287,968
498.013
1,226,731
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
92,657
179,196
60,599
419,038
148,063
232,358
181,632
323,900
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
10,869,272
4,882,597
4,990,256
4,236,011
19
8
17
0
353,71 1
336,456
394,612
786,151
55,306
12,022
12,830
16,300
7,164
4,317
4,180
8,721
222,593
257,400
264,012
215,005
1,131,099
1,066,463
1,267,890
3,201,787
51,919
30,573
25,306
55,558
1,549,068
2,090,879
2,010.765
2,458,667
1
1
I
0
0
0
0
10
715,856
1,099,038
1,273,889
2,527,869
153,841
196,005
227,372
388,869
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
282,750
47,771
80,682
96,536
1
1
1
0
14,580
15,283
48,976
42,223
440
0
0
0
2,677
2,511
10,599
3,124
1,928
1,528
19,147
16,646
20,377
3,078
1,483
6.491
7
0
5
430
24,574
36,376
82,140
91,518
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.978,376
7,399,387
6,793,287
8,439,431
8,835
4,588
16,261
16,105
Underground
Injection
Pounds
602,167
2,623,334
1,905,859
2,219,105
466,000
1,089,000
100,800
0
17,105,679
15,707,895
20,111,640
16,739,010
107,999
102,335
113,680
68,950
5,198,814
4,010,509
4,188,680
2,198,000
6,436,000
3,507,000
4,484,000
22,262,010
4,894,48.7
3,823,381
3,861,550
4,562,713
0
0
833
250
301
11
250
250
350
370
250
537
5
3
3
4
51,190,858
35,21 1,208
37,531,805
67,941,000
1,664,033
1,365,557
1,195,676
3,582,975
Releases
to Land
Pounds
20,352
1,001
424
194,951
0
0
0
0
3,229
18
29
1,790
0
0
0
500
155
168
963
756
113
125
407
15,950
278
6,934
8,071
2,150
2
2
0
200
1,143,448
922.602
1,167,093
3,177,625
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,568,145
6,457,512
2,625,843
15,896,354
1,554
1,381
1,173
12,822
Total
Releases
Pounds
13,052,168
9,288,052
8,968,987
9,342,141
466,028
1,089,016
100,821
0
18,264,054
16,944,181
21,337,559
18,977,762
170,087
126,122
139,285
103,102
5,217,625
4,041,746
4,228,828
2,227,899
6,915,166
4,105,731
5,052,802
23,094,652
6,379,861
5,255,853
5,485,659
8.779,839
201,493
106,442
122,472
150,249
3,092,952
3,337,836
3,758.261
6,954,791
351
371
251
537
5
3
3
14
60,545,892
50,346,341
48,285,423
95,223,692
1,976,326
1,799,889
1,622,114
4,324,671
226
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
a Ml BO 81 82 SJ M
Table 3-29.
Chemical
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Allyl chloride
Aluminum (fume or dust)
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Ammonium nitrate
(solution)
Aniline
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88,
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
28,005
8,600
9,750
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,741,949
1,926,290
3,010,317
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
171
171
NA
71,070
62,354
5,899
NA
100
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
27,911,571
72,005,385
22,625,311
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
848,307
603,690
250
NA
0
3,400
5
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
260,259
226,932
170,728
NA
0
0
0
NA
5,549,674
5,648,422
4,496,042
NA
11,893
8,152
4,316
NA
41,953
57,337
123,891
NA
5,351,737
7,922,205
4,198,882
NA
425,040
784,832
1,508,156
NA
15,149
8,121
31,300
NA
245,466
178,718
174,247
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
10,328
0
0
NA
1,124,207
931,875
942,577
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
432,543
212,800
270,925
161,761
846
889
421
0
3,841,987
4,490,557
2,940,465
3,772,221
3,857
8
255
250
50,620
78,461
' 48,955
14,458
485,395
243,914
200,466
108,914
835,031
769,225
822,783
935,641
462,055
459,481
380,035
208,328
147,542
96,722
1,742,539
2,457,125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
99,014
33,294
70,170
671,001
592,205
523,651
501,482
468,311
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
444,126
270.561
157,031
160,438
0
0
0
0
1,046,438
1,001,871
477,782
600,450
0
0
0
250
82,086
85,857
88,303
13,540
37,103
37,546
37,927
23,262
169,644
201,949
224,271
955,739
14
14
9
14,900
9,167
7,123
13,691
15,217
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,546,684
4,757,198
6,856,667
7,678,062
1,542,912
1,483,800
1,130,509
2,106,510
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
992
1,211
553
24,930
0
0
0
250
66,890
156,291
37,041
416,333
0
0
0
0
3,891
6,623
37,317
97,582
57,642
40,274
29,659
134,139
8,738
15,285
26,153
162,349
37
149
166
747
12,394,364
6,905,635
3,540,537
14,368,041
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,972,929
2,867,117
2,394,025
1,539,188
126,195
400,252
671,195
346,206
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
214,260
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
47
0
0
0
0
140
0
0
0
0
0
0
255
27,678
12,756
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,670
0
0
0
16,050
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
1,165,925
720,104
608,987
NA
846
889
421
NA
12,246,938
13,223,431
10,961,647
NA
15,750
8,160
4,571
NA
178,550
228,449
298,637
NA
6.002,947
8,306,340
4,472,833
NA
1,438,553
1,771,291
2,581,503
NA
477,255
467,765
411,510
NA
40,708,110
79,193,838
28,124,003
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
9,477,262
8,261,299
9,321,112
NA
3,385,519
3,342,978
3,245,768
NA
227
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued,
CAS
Number®
90-04-0
104-94-9
120-12-7
7440-36-0
_
7440-38-2
1332-21-4
7440-39-3
—
98-87-3
55-21-0
71-43-2
Chemical
o-Anisidine
p-Anisidine
Anthracene
Antimony
Antimony compounds
Arsenic
Arsenic compounds
Asbestos (friable)
Barium
Barium compounds
Bcnzal chloride
Bcnzamide
Benzene
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
7
7
8
6
2
2
3
2
68
83
86
139
120
134
119
152
520
506
523
270
89
100
41
78
294
306
361
273
85
95
101
145
57
65
67
142
618
990
1,030
626
3
3
3
3
Fugitive or Stack or
Nonpoint Air Point Air
Emissions Emissions
Pounds Pounds
891
865
405
501
0
5
5
0
31,565
21,764
20,127
146,223
3,760
3,529
4,994
10,789
41,285
33,261
91,289
58,941
9,272
2,492
1,217
2,608
12,285
8,845
10,688
43,461
3,080
3,904
5,284
11,043
76,327
68,179
61,958
174,401
101,713
242,456
237,263
153,142
163
322
956
5,252
63
12
16
1,792
10
7
6
10
49.038
51,987
46,871
55,952
16,211
15,732
16,779
59,127
51,604
55,377
123,969
106,837
7,937
31,497
4,439
5,079
67,765
85,243
127,132
223,791
2,882
4,499
5,874
37,453
5,845
31,880
32,286
92,410
216,455
410,543
406,693
873,030
12
11
17
6
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
80
81
107
285
5
5
5
250
341
589
1,034
4,382
98,466
10,074
7,879
11.114
45,682
27,574
45,505
31,178
890
1,643
1,236
1,282
7,602
5,756
6,602
6,243
260
255
250
10,699
6,064
5,259
5,514
18,650
53,206
73,347
121,717
99,439
0
0
0
0
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,100
40,224
3,707
3,773
9,200
0
0
0
0
60,400
52,000
33,000
27,400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
2,491
1,251
2,773
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
30
116
2,167
250
0
5
0
250
5.864
7,149
3,070
10,856
10,226
81,529
10,246
903,916
1,266,727
878,961
1,201,003
1,935,018
4,883
311,263
1,820,282
181,267
1,543,924
2,250,594
2,452,141
4,946,184
288,146
537,783
235,900
2,111,880
267,704
291,141
232,547
6,721,686
322,597
2,605,512
4,938,922
5,651,655
0
0
0
0
No Reports Received
No
No
1
491
474
476
482
Reports Received
Reports Received
250
5,266,338
6,802,701
7,857,879
250
4,226,037
4,246,167
5,209,338
20,574,341 11,642,018
250
22,256
19,497
25,745
46,983
250
223,103
356,660
355,683
825,035
0
25,371
31,215
342,236
127,921
Total
Releases
Pounds
1,064
1,074
2,695
2,828
15
22
16
510
86,808
81,489
71,102
217,413
128,663
1 10,864
39,898
987,046
1,445,522
998.880
1,465,539
2.141,174
22,982
346,895
1,827,174
190,236
1,691,976
2,402,438
2,629,563
5,247,079
294,368
546,441
247,308
2,171,075
355,940
396,459
332,305
7,007,147
694,221 '
3,334,349
5,705,846
6,780,039
175
333
973
5,258
1,000
9,763,105
1 1,456,240
13,790,881
33,216,298
228
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRl Data
It 19 90 11 92 93 M
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
o-Anisidine
p-Anisidine
Anthracene
Antimony
Antimony compounds
Arsenic
Arsenic compounds
Asbestos (friable)
Barium
Barium compounds
Benzal chloride
Benzamide
Benzene
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling©
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
38,652
9,151
0
NA
3,088,258
3,993,235
2,055,778
NA
3,815,342
1,971,878
5,699,113
NA
836,449
266,578
17,175
NA
296,314
305,484
2,610,435
NA
0
0
0
NA
127,098
45,113
31,506
NA
1,674,218
1,542,499
846,379
NA
0
0
0
NA
No
No
No
NA
555,346
1,101,028
421,221
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
65,121
139,833
394,934
NA
3,165
1,932
1,325
NA
31,974
33,440
11,509
NA
0
25
5
NA
3
8
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
19
90
4,516
NA
96,833
216,268
163,365
NA
54,000
44,000
34,000
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9,487
21,348
150,337
73,023
22,943
4,957
53,993
22,979
552,611
276,797
384,689
138,456
10,738
85,025
133,828
1,020
1,044,606
656,974
630,354
11,887
260
94,250
250
170,934
6,050
3,116
15,634
89,045
' 1,510,614
2,731,127
1,664,758
820,370
0
0
4,343
95,878
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
2,171
0
6,811
768
5
2
15
0
630
609
598
20,419
55,605
31,110
11,617
40,228
82,033
67,847
85,127
67,358
181
353
457
1,928
306
683
899
3,126
2
757
783
68,148
5,925
4,528
4,247
205,209
205,006
342,279
501,356
823,073
0
0
0
0
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
1
0
7
3
0
0
0
0
60,186
66,249
504,548
204,665
104,519
220,719
201,035
568,925
4,270,334
2,774,049
2,371,975
2,186,238
47,647
95,348
43,298
62,664
1,702,452
2,728,771
1,640,990
1,402,790
3,979,953
5,294,318
6,999,482
12,135,457
222,758
394,093
671,494
1,663,835
5,088,056
10,501,510
16,103,035
16,355,890
0
0
0
7,308
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
1,250
0
0
2,021
500
951
254
664
1,450
0
0
0
35
0
260
28,376
9,573
0
0
0
1,010,000
0
0
0
10,412
11,332
676
1,014,069
290,982
0
0
0
0
Reports Received
Reports Received
Reports Received
NA
1,657,785
1,094,388
2,309,511
NA
0
2,142,148
1,785,870
2,233,356
1,891,649
0
210,714
308,621
418,050
1,164,722
750
203,939
94,173
93,539
396,880
0
250
0
931,612
7,430
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
2,172
0
6,818
NA
5
2
15
NA
174,076
237,190
1,050,667
NA
3,274,490
4,251,953
2,325,769
NA
8,753,245
5,124,265
8,553,077
NA
895,015
447,329
194,763
NA
3,043,681
3,692,180
4,911,054
NA
3,980,215
5,389,325
7,000,515
NA
361,850
446,940
727,397
NA
8,586,059
15,334,359
20,292,962
NA
54,000
44,000
38,343
NA
NA
4,770,182
4,384,080
6,407,289
NA
229
-------
Chapter 3 — Kear-fo-Kear Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3*29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued.
CAS
Number®
92-87-5
98-07-7
98-88-4
94-36-0
100-44-7
7440-41-7
——
92-52-4
111-44-4
542-88-1
108-60-1
103-27-1
75-25-2
Chemical
Benzidiiie©
Benzole trichloride
Benzoyl chloride
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzyl chloride
Beiyllium
Beryllium compounds
Biphenyl
Bis(2-chlorocthyl)
ether
Bis(chlonjmethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloro-l-methyl-
ethyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
adipate
Bromoform
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
1
1
No
No
5
3
4
4
20
19
19
22
62
57
61
50
48
48
50
51
10
9
8
12
8
8
6
5
131
150
157
181
11
12
12
8
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
148
147
124
73
No
No
1
2
Fugitive or Stack or
Nonpoint Air Point Air
Emissions Emissions
Pounds Pounds
31,606
16
Reports Received
Reports Received
2,832
5.907
5,851
. 24,542
11,719
•11,339
11,738
28,295
946
744
837
4,063
16,851
14,196
25,008
30,689
1
3
I
550
0
2
0
1
535,976
615,673
668,415
631,591
2,835
12,783
2,673
4,322
5
5
3
1
1,800
2,670
8,000
7,944
204,494
147,622
66,321
25,789
Reports Received
Reports Received
11,120
0
0
0
36
228
228
421
1,972
2,147
1,900
4,719
1,021
1,250
1,827
2,231
6,282
6,933
10,099
12,640
898
900
1,867
2,213
610
361
511
861
79,414
154,101
183,667
579,701
395
408
514
600
250
250
306
0
3,090
2,886
1,430
IS
491,309
439,324
293,677
66,788
5
0
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
5
5
0
49
41
15
640
36
24
39
74
2
4
5
17
3,733
4,673
9,703
88,197
7
6
5
1,351
0
0
0
0
3,026
3,000
1,900
30,000
1,226
887
1,628
10,440
0
8,600
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
130,000
0
0
0
5,350
23
35
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48,302
46,966
49,127
82,760
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,500
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
250
3,635
2,070
6,200
36,050
126
61
43
500
22,860
14,594
21,358
37,000
17,000
8,087
48,000
12,000
5,198
6,803
4,622
222,297
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
84
0
0
147,565
183,541
107,291
1,200
0
0
Total
Releases
Pounds
31,606
16
2,868
6,135
6,079
24.963
13,691
13,497
13,643
163,264
5,607
4,069
8,869
47,694
23,331
21,266
35,215
44,469
23,795
15,521
23,265
39,837
17,612
8,454
48,516
12,879
672,623
828,216
915,534
1,604,546
•3,237
13,197
3,192
6,273
255
255
309
1
7,917
8,640
11,330
37,959
844,594
771,374
468,917
104,217
15,625
8,600
230
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
Benzidine
Benzoic trichloride
•
Benzoyl chloride
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
Beryllium compounds
Biphenyl
Bis(2-chloroethyl)
ether
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloro-l-methyl-
ethyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
adipate
Bromoform
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
0
0
No
No
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
9,000
5,050
6,400
NA
0
0
0
NA
13,751
121,104
7,282
NA
312,617
31,655
18,485
NA
161,084
134,519
421,966
NA
186,472
170,971
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
176,148
164,476
135,434
NA
No
No
0
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery® Treatment
Pounds Pounds
0
0
Reports Received
Reports Received
12
0
0
NA
0
4,906
0
NA
2,097
2,842
2,422
NA
401,125
305,877
260,01 1
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
309,207
354,373
412,944
NA
162,623
100
140
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
149,329
164,269
274,379
NA
Reports Received
Reports Received
0
NA
0
0
0
251
0
12,795
496,694
956,298
385,832
358,570
24,166
9,141
16.S34
38,600
538
5,599
38,381
89,160
19
539
743
3
1,060
883
438
1,391
389,864
159,793
226,022
252,521
5,045
10,381
57,031
27,265
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29,135
20,758
24,070
97,289
6,400
0
Transfers
IcPOTWs
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
400
175
180
21,318
19,504
38,327
69,946
6,342
11,106
25,331
41,553
0
0
0
4
1
0
250
3
296,466
771,852
964,201
1,446,614
2,846
7,089
10,949
9,621
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22,167
12,413
20,456
49,659
0
0
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
9,777
250
250
0
2,399
11,185
11,966
9,337
23,954
246
210
220
9,687
9,617
4,619
14,094
3,155
1,850
2,359
4,050
6,900
29,060
31,969
32,822
227,492
0
180
3
0
5
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
617,807
554,490
311,026
79,800
195,005
0
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29,617
0
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
12
251
0
NA
497,019
961,854
386,007
NA
67,766
48,503
73,320
NA
408,251
322,792
323,943
NA
23,387
126,262
22,119
NA
315,528
34.897
23,223 •
NA
1,185,681
1,452,506
2,057,955
NA'
356,986
188,721
68,123
NA
5
2
1
NA
0
0
0
NA
994,586
916,406
765,365
NA
201,405
NA
231
-------
Chapter 3 — Fear-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued.
CAS
Number®
74-83-9
106-99-0
141-32-2
71-36-3
78-92-2
75-65-0
106-88-7
123-72-8
569-64-2
989-38-8
2832-40-8
81-88-9
3118-97-6
Chemical
Bromomethanc
1,3-Butadiene
Butyl acrylate
n-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl alcohol
1,2-Butylene oxide
Butyraldehyde
C.I. Basic Green 4
C.I. Basic Red 1
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3
C.I. Food Red 15
C.I. Solvent Orange 7
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
48
52
51
36
177
176
183
157
166
167
164
166
1,145
1,165
1,188
1,107
112
110
120
92
81
67
75
54
15
15
18
18
28
30
26
26
1
3
6
6
2
2
2
No
3
2
3
1
1
2
3
2
2
1
No
No
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
472,663
661,670
539,321
428,777
1,614,14!
2,204,869
2,258,960
4,056,939
124,645
159,397
184,462
165,186
6,412,269
6,762,251
7,260,382
8,980.092
485,968
209,498
211,057
400,126
632,095
1,196,495
1,246,893
1,207.440
5,341
14,277
67,756
34,973
133,044
170,227
214,563
691,404
0
0
5
500
4
0
0
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
2,197,112
2,561,774
2,510,371
2,356,018
1.089,632
1,015,686
1,633,922
2,945,269
139,080
155,536
158,966
246,676
21,838,819
22,367,650
23,191,145
28,701,891
508,969
493,970
460,573
697,037
377,091
372,729
427,449
366,697
4,702
6,019
15,024
64,958
146,824
168,053
283,946
1,527,288
10
5
5
250
4
0
26
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
13
760
390
0
7,118
7,600
1,364
522,504
218
779
2,261
3,528
50,681
49,172
35,933
128,130
5,902
4,724
15,705
122,291
179,786
174,289
147,629
14,989
210
26
5,773
3,500
875
559
470
3,812
0
0
40
0
0
0
0
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
1,100
1,000
1,546
0
1,000
1,000
1,500
0
0
0
0
1,777,216
1,942,044
2,324,731
3,006,660
143,443
0
25,450
0
690,183
635,700
640,123
674,798
0
0
0
0
87,047
189,447
128,051
1,997
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
396
350
372
7,817
52
57
834
602
2,161
17,057
57,220
175,819
5
9
762
2,600
111
349
14
818
0
0
0
250
0
8,606
256
31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reports Received
238
399
428
398
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
26
28
23
302
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9,199
780
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reports Received
Reports Received
Total
Releases
Pounds
2,669,788
3,225,304
3,051,082
2,786,341
2,711,287
3,229,505
3,895,618
7,534,029
263,995
315,769
346,523
415,992
30,081,146
31,138,174
32,869,411
40,992,592
1,144,287
708,201
713,547
1,222.054
1.879,266
2,379,562
2,462,108
2,264,742
10,253
20,322
88,553
103.681
367,790
536,892
627,286
2,224,532
10
5
50
750
8
0
'26
264
9,626
1,231
700
0
1
2
250
0
0
232
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29, Cent,
Chemical
Bromomethane
1.3-Butadicne
Butyl acrylale
n-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl alcohol
1,2-Butylene oxide
Butyraldchyde
C.I. Basic Green 4
C.I. Basic Red 1
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3
C.I. Pood Red IS
C.I, Solvent Orange 7
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
7.328,960
7,473,983
2,106,640
NA
107,082
67,843
12,572
NA
2,647,121
2,233,973
2.555,470
NA
44,064
62,960
3,025
NA
1,356
18,324
3,058
NA
2,650
0
0
NA
0
450
5,850
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
No
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
No
No
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
100
3,300
3,500
NA
166,970
6,574
177,839
NA
182,031
70,791
34,905
NA
7,765,803
9,216,360
8,161,797
NA
5,307,090
5,305,314
4,844,222
NA
29,854,068
30.784,513
27,916,993
NA
364,065
373,210
354,320
NA
17,281
479,072
3.839
NA
0
0
0
NA
114
230
309
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
750
500
255
0
400,339
102,713
194,778
178,855
85,812
80,493
59,628
585,394
2,210,978
2,093,588
3,086.753
6,841,199
75,307
37,156
100,598
74,574
1,201,904
1,022,218
353,220
328,523
0
16
0
250
6,555
7,079
3.804
6.197
499
499
499
0
132
0
0
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
0
0
0
0
537
5,892
20,583
44,874
107,496
114,605
190,144
34,604
1,818,779
1,518,910
2,070,983
4,524,613
37,320
45,684
11,880
41,108
743,825
1,074,364
2,040,472
1,539.726
10
0
6,059
0
203,094
132.237
250,480
371,633
0
83
3,006
1,320
274
24
26
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
0
5
250
0
6.846
4.893
7,666
185,398
74.565
69,966
23,350
18,766
201,799
314,791
501,385
924,519
32,287
155,290
6,662
21,351
70.079
274.832
63,908
56.502
0
0
0
898
1,038
1,716
11
117,741
0
0
3,025
250
668
670
382
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,934
0
0
0
525
297
250
19,503
424,570
0
0
0
134,802
0
0
0
1 10,250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reports Received
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,488
3,150
755
0
0
1,100
1,700
0
284
0
2,597
1,658
286
899
0
0
0
0
350
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reports Received
Reports Received
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
850
3,805
4,005
NA
7,903,652
7,594,055
2,507,506
NA
556,986
403,698
320,599
NA
14,644,777
15,377,872
16,395,891
NA
5,496,068
5,606,404
4,966,387
NA
31,871,232
33,174,251
30,377,651
NA
366,725
373,226
360,379
NA
227,968
620,554
263,984
NA
499
582
6.530
NA
1,188
924
717
5,085
4,808
1,041
NA
0
1,100
1,700
NA
634
250
233
-------
Chapters— year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),©
Continued.
CAS
Number®
97-56-3
842-07-9
7440-43-9
_
156-62-7
133-06-2
63-25-2
75-15-0
56-23-5
463-58-1
120-80-9
133-90-4
57-74-9
Chemical
C,l. Solvent Yellow 3
C.I. Solvent Yellow 14
Cadmium
Cadmium compounds
Calcium cyanamide
Captan
Carbaryl
Caibon disulflde
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbonyl gulfide
Catechol
Chlorambcn
CUordane
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Fugitive or Stack or
Nonpoint Air Point Air
Forms Emissions Emissions
Pounds Pounds
No Reports Received
1 0 0
No Reports Received
1 250 0
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
1 0 0
200
45 2,651 7,412
53 2,031 13,259
55 2,295 6,461
90 9,300 13,130
113 6,290 43,216
125 7,109 38,876
132 11,367 49,142
115 23,099 77,163
505
605
7 8,000 405
3 12,000 600
18 1,522 6,971
17 2,146 5,025
20 1,647 5,189
18 4,066 10,803
24 2,668 4,749
25 3,024 6,202
24 2,525 7,182
23 2,515 5,408
82 3,735,747 79,582,068
83 3,334,882 90,524,108
88 2,668,192 90,241,580
88 3,139,255 120,970,649
69 226,057 392,870
75 585,481 1,648,678
90 418,556 973,585
95 1,084,548 2,694,047
53 77,490 17,068,681
42 8,998 14,352,689
41 4,460 19,483,125
38 7,643 25,946,460
117 1,169 1,877
122 601 1,572
133 9,944 917
1 13 2,448 1,341
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
1 250 1,168
1 1,300 0
I 51 0
2 1,713 0
2 2,695 3
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
0
0
0
1,264
412
638
2,598
765
657
781
1,549
0
0
0
0
5
5
10
750
10
IS
15
877
62,529
34,169
45,087
39,501
1,223
1,453
2,444
15,627
0
0
0
0
28,005
52,793
218,170
397,548
250
13
IS
1
4
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
170
977
1,211
2,409
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,000
5,100
0
0
0
0
4,305
2,805
2,704
13,400
12,654
34,332
45,984
98,050
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,507
0
0
0
0
0
4,262
Releases
to Land
Pounds
o"
0
0
0
4,146
56,677
11,739
94,602
54,326
66,699
65,407
294,877
0
5
30,005
66,000
5
5
10
1,000
255
265
265
500
80
8
21
43,436
0
79
333
14,759
0
0
0
0
1,331
4,861
49,656
84,331
0
0
0'
0
0
Total
Releases
Pounds
0
250
0
0
15,473
72,379
21,133
119,630
104,767
114,318
127,908
399,097
5
10
38,410
78,600
8,503
7,181
11,856
21,719
7,682
9,506
9,987
9,300
83,384,729
93,895,972
92.957,584
124,206,241
632,804
2,270,023
1,440,902
3,907,031
17,146,171
14,361,687
19,487,585
25,954,103
32,382
59,827
282,194
485,668
1,668
1,313
66
1,714
6,964
234
-------
Chapter3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of Tftl Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
C.I. Solvent Yellow 3
C.t. Solvent Yellow 14
Cadmium
Cadmium compounds
Calcium cyanamide
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloridc
Carbonyl sulfide
Catechol
Chloramben
Chlordane
s
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling^
Pounds
No
0
No
NA
No
No
0
NA
773,739
709,561
227,783
NA
2,304,441
1,412,983
1,819,291
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
426
5,098
0
NA
850.623
111,626
345,452
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
31
NA
No
No
No
NA
0
0
0
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery© Treatment
Pounds Pounds
Reports Received
0
Reports Received
NA
Reports Received
Reports Received
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
2,717
1,142
3,302
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
205,993
248,766
209,574
NA
17,314
4,109
24,455
NA
0
0
0
NA
9,318
33.825
1,526
'NA
Reports Received
Reports Received
Reports Receivec
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
9,628
34,162
76,146
83,296
160,927
157.551
435,418
86,534
0
0
0
0
2,410
6,434
4.095
Sll
5,222
18,834
10,777
27,582 •
31,113
64,510
16,535
154,315
1,172,726
920,808
839,388
1,300,058
18,000
0
0
0
2,805
6,151
76,354
14,744
0
6
11
638
74,170
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
0
0
0
0
599
2,160
2,502
7,894
2,414
2,788
43,316
13,719
0
0
0
0
26
29
255
250
1
1
0
171
359,388
226,215
193,442
159,369
574
1,675
1,054
5,014
0
0
0
0
83,355
64,122
154,358
245,399
0
100
51
86
23
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
0
0
0
0
59,259
42,434
101,049
131,879
1,863,630
3,138,540
280,162
982,168
0
0
0
0
1,237
2,436
5,087
12,434
16.491
16,031
30,268
6,198
1,677
1,329
1,718
58,473
50,710
121,363
11,955
49,703
0
0
0
0
1,568
841
29,092
89,474
1,159
0
0
0
0
Other
Off-site
Transfers^)
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
107
2,441
0
0
11,527
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
6,639
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
0
NA
0
NA
843,225
788,317
407,587
NA
4,334.129
4,713,004
2,593,016
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,673
8,899
9,437
NA
21,714
34,866
41,045
NA
598,597
545,918
421,269
NA
2,091,947
1,159,581
1,222,304
NA
18,000
0
0
NA
97,046
104,939
261,361
NA
NA
106
62
724
NA
235
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered},®
Continued.
CAS
Number®
7782-50-5
10049-04.4
79-11-8
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
107-30-2
126-99-8
1897-45-6
7440-47-3
„.
Chemical
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chloroacetie acid
Chlorobcnzene
Chlorocthanc
Chloroform
Chloromcthonc
Chloromethyl methyl
ether
Chlorophcnols
Chloroprenc
Chksrothalonil
Chromium
Chromium compounds
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
1,449
1,510
1,543
1,800
125
132
129
122
32
29
31
37
65
70
64
66
49
53
50
49
167
175
181
169
109
94
94
81
3
4
3
4
10
6
9
9
14
14
11
13
22
21
16
10
1,766
1,768
1,638
1,233
1,416
1.438
1,496
1,203
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,276,642
1,250,155
1,647,670
4,704,674
16,909
27,090
60,495
1,277,546
5,983
5,796
10,778
21,660
746,013
1,037,054
1,126,328
2,032,791
1,285,717
1,219,353
1,515,860
2,148,225
3,450,479
4,562,449
6,112,455
7,695,273
949,731
1,219,122
1,341,333
3,515,698
11
20
35
33
1,991
1,964
3,239
2,154
125,385
191,316
152,543
234,228
1,472
1,295
3,185
19,455
472,348
311,802
365,136
369,199
174,722
118,657
130,753
256,613
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
58,502,168
74,144,319
84,679,340
129,562,095
1,484,132
1,646,827
3,014,566
12,076,241
710
767
1,024
5,159
702,484
1,022,083
1,188,651
2,343,096
1,525,244
1,441,896
1,224,260
2,555,010
7,472,557
9,289,998
10,977,091
18,275,242
4,115,002
4,095,061
4,353,845
8,051,949
2,728
2,221
1,186
3,000
6,630
7,942
6,057
419
968,771
799,794
1,344,852
1,713,780
2,668
4,920
2,695
9,021
163,254
144,725
1 19,638
195,479
332,632
279,537
379,394
505,293
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
516,005
590,541
987,615
6,622,437
0
251
761
2,350
10,178
8,719
3,199
850
2,206
3,511
20,799
98,354
767
2,231
1,957
27,448
362,812
451,262
654,214
1,131,484
59,463
59,565
41,750
1 15,985
5
5
10
0
39
34
290
272
2
47
47
287
21
9
6
250
20,486
24,227
23,324
75,192
158,795
229,917
276,391
325,027
Underground Releases
Injection to Land
Pounds Pounds
74,311
120,758
48,252
107,624
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
72,000
71,000
72,000
84,457
110
110
210
1,510
80,002
38,039
50,240
36,000
50.707
93,947
86,709
165,250
0
0
0
0
94,236
106,436
133,204
71,554
59,600
29,000
54,000
68,792
0
0
0
0
48
269
333
2,249
38,061
42,493
32,137
52,653
63,098
49,012
48,376
430,047
0
0
6
41,000
950
750
0
0
16
678
817
4,127
142
33
0
0
11,667
32,926
28,568
68,544
34
266
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3,997
3,018
1,811
0
250
250
12,250
— 0
1,148,491
1,051,067
1,128,547
9,280,857
20,636,107
22,688,670
23,198,349
30,934,406
Total
Releases
Pounds
60,432,224
76,154,785
87,411,253
141,426,877
1,501,041
1,674,168
3,075,828
13,397,137
17,821
16,032
15,001
27,679
1,522,719
2,134,326
2,408,595
4,562,825
2,811,980
2,663,623
2,742,287
4,732,193
11,377,517
14,374,674
17,822,568
27,206,543
5,174,937
5,467,961
5.823,637
11,848,882
2,744
2,246
1,231
3,033
102,897
116,376
142,790
74,399
1,157,755
1,023,175
1,553,253
2,017,087
4,411
6,474
18,136
28,726
1,804,627
1,532,090
1,636,978
9,922,976
21,340,317
23,359,274
24,017,024
32,073,992
236
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to- Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29, Cent.
Chemical
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chloroacctic acid
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chlororaethanc
Chloromethyl methyl
ether
Chlorophenols
Chloroprene
Chlorothalonil
Chromium
Chromium compounds
Year
94
93
92
m
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
2,833,114
1,413,177
714,632
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,084,976
1,401,667
845,468
NA
174,502
161,718
221,447
NA
351,182
435,332
1,417,848
NA
0
0
7,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
17,232
0
0
NA
1,155,305
500,444
1,384,1 19
NA
0
625
1,100
NA
106,988,736
89,884,909
73,136,214
NA
39,743,319
42,173,569
28,551,476
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery®
Pounds
4,310
10,514
23
NA
0
0
0
NA
250
400
0
NA
625,394
643,725
849,084
NA
58,709
21,933
15,655
NA
101,775
69,463
765,445
NA
7,239
57,355
31,308
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
96,000
121,297
19,200
NA
15
0
0
NA
26,279
3,577
2,325
NA
68,536
27,479
88,080
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
345,447
318,102
228,440
2,995,507
0
0
0
0
5,406
1,026
502
6,900
1,120,085
2,612,970
3,733,223
4,925,431
360,204
395,391
172,176
430,600
1,969,035
1,817,227
919,304
1,204,786
358,585
163,661
225,152
45,292
0
0
0
0
26,914
36,088
3,988
1,970,910
50,800
200,869
193,907
18,749
7,551
3,632
4,119
3,660
503,018
859,335
1,341,547
1,218,879
4,904,303
2,570,919
2,467,827
2,660,429
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
883,757
966,133
813,510
3,100,947
296
880
1,083
2,650
1,015
1,433
1,792
10,727
1,922
8,553
22,055
578,774
760
255
10
0
437,920
603,550
553,650
1,226,573
2,242
3,442
84,895
54,223
0
0
0
0
1,494
279
580
2,650
16,571
18,506
22,912
62,000
505
281
269
541
71,283
97,329
147,696
414,876
356,493
357,384
811,981
1,666,728
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
15,133
15,866
30,705
1,003,531
2
0
0
41,750
603
793
1,080
2,506
94,629
4,965
51,985
117,624
8
0
1
32,260
68,693
73,353
41,510
144,771
1,565
1,446
1,323
59,140
70
70
70
0
383
751
250
2
6,391
5,295
2,709
0
227,473
206,386
175,978
396,274
4,808,805
6,754,986
4,498,527
10,394,992
10,939,269
10,600,753
10,220,441
11,496,554
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
5,005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,565
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
20,365
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
86,213
44,173
525,595
709,086
0
17,893
68,353
386,281
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
4,086,766
2,723,792
1,787,310
NA
298
880
1,083
NA
7,274
3,652
4,939
NA
2,927,006
4,671,880
5,501,815
NA
594,183
579,297
409,289
NA
2,928,605
2,998,925
3,697,760
NA
369,631
225,904
349,678
NA
70
70
70
NA
46,023
37,118
4,818
NA
1,325,067
846,411
1,622,847
NA
235,544
210,924
181,466
NA
1 12,484,334
97,644,309
79,651,904
NA
56,01 1,920
55,747,997
42,208,158
NA
237
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued,
CAS
Number®
744Q-48-4
_
7440-50-8
120-71-8
1319-77-3
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
80-15-9
135-20-6
_
Chemical
Cobalt
Cobalt compounds
Copper
Copper compounds
p-Cresidine
Cresol (mixed isomers)
m-Cresol
o-Crcsol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cupferron
Cyanide compounds
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
236
246
219
176
218
204
209
149
2,537
2,539
2,447
1,946
1,412
1,444
1,482
1,033
5
5
5
6
155
118
117
110
24
20
19
15
25
22
22
28
27
21
22
18
237
236
219
117
41
39
38
40
2
2
1
4
247
256
261
393
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
21,233
18,627
17,075
22,439
10,473
6,160
7,888
11,081
407,878
278,196
464,950
320,276
3,236,400
4,000,784 •
3,606,567
2,335,930
881
285
240
5,400
358,770
201,449
200,192
400,427
35,097
30,178
51,679
5,860
12,085
13,201
20,426
45,557
34,350
21,473
36,611
6,286
831,912
1,245,686
1,418,004
2,156,139
78,787
74,360
66,077
178,787
2
28
0
140
125,190
56,685
80,916
525,618
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
23,242
15,547
13,855
21,566
22,290
20,341
23,810
45,329
728,901
915,819
1,039,416
1,204,071
2,131,573
3,200,406
2,738,465
820,767
130
125
100
1,680
1,433,980
323,764
298,625
378,678
18,973
5,958
5,100
12,572
3,359
153,999
3,061
44,236
31,783
3,831
3,777
634,417
1,209,112
1,300,413
2,480,809
2,910,301
57,791
21,794
13,221
13,736
9
31
10
780
901,313
918,194
974,494
721,774
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
6,819
7,288
2,239
16,744
106,474
96,644
99,289
63,662
56,467
44,251
41,010
115,631
83,187
92,540
81,456
185,287
81
5
5
250
11,607
2,931
2,747
6,764
4,072
626
220
283
1,990
158
14
448
2,020
293
943
1,143
6,363
1,148
2,250
3,201
176
196
217
1,784
0
0
0
0
102,633
97,666
83,929
195,244
Underground Releases
Injection to Land
Pounds Pounds
0
0
500
0
1,750
2,375
18,420
18,500
19,944
23.677
16,736
15,651
214,308
228,924
201,431
165,957
0
0
0
0
808,900
903,402
614,578
1,804,060
610,000
520,000
450,000
0
660,000
560,000
490,000
0
301,900
262,000
232,900
152,000
8,940
17,062
15,100
30,165
280,000
380,000
259,000
371,000
0
0
0
0
3,239,418
2,288,870
2,963,579
3,707,326
35,030
19,988
16,615
213,204
133,602
107,786
166,724
38,960
990,842
1,486,609
12,764,376
10,466,175
41,449,920
40,082,409
34,493,486
29,683,357
50
85
255
750
4,828
1,431
1,097
4,512
0
0
0
455
0
122
3
1,667
0
24
1,513
62,291
942
950
783
8,591
2,500
4,271
1,839
250
0
0
0
0
13,955
6,043
12,936
107,208
Total
Releases
Pounds
86,324
61,450
50,284
273,953
274,589
233.306
316,131
177.532
2,204,032
2,748,552
14,326.488
12,121,804
47,115,388
47,605,063
41,121,405
33,191,298
1,142
500
600
8,080
2,618,085
1,432,977
1,117,239
2,594,441
668,142
556,762
506,999
19,170
677,434
727,480
513,504
91,908
370,053
287,621
275,744
856,137
2,057,269
2,565,259
3,916,946
5,108,397
419,254
480,621
340,354
565,557
11
59
10
920
4,382,509
3,367,458
4,115,854
5,257,170
238
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
u ts go ti n 93
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
Cobalt
Cobalt compounds
Copper
Copper compounds
p-Cresidine
Cresol (mixed isomers)
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cupferron
Cyanide compounds
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
8,928,654
7.745,565
5,759,941
NA
1,989,331
2,022,301
1,446,823
NA
519,843,303
474,184,273
369,780,813
NA
147,039,786
120,010,201
108,183,171
NA
0
0
0
NA
337,998
155,838
38,462
NA
684,191
270,000
888
NA
4,178
0
0
NA
450,009
160,000
0
NA
96,410
90,372
49,393
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
27,418
24,600
94,518
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
0
0
4,111
NA
1,893
517
11,289
NA
38,402
48,571
2,015
NA
64,628
59,568
131,897
NA
0
0
0
NA
577,126
385,999
329,156
NA
21,207
9,373
45,117
NA
11,520
7,205
28,607
NA
44,592
79,736
163,747
NA
621,205
879,000
661,008
NA
738
706
255
NA
17,811
0
0
NA
8,094
2,008
250
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
848,427
33,269
24,374
27,673
112,916
74,904
80,374
88,079
1,085,388
801,628
1,786,813
4,066,439
2,126,732
2,453,263
3,812,207
5,931,394
2,200
1,400
0
0
253,925
163,672
207,196
847,303
48,433
51,380
20,963
125,737
27,062
11,706
4,529
75,565
32,831
23,124
21,716
26,377
193,873
83,245
60,702
126,382
2,353
4,316
1,790
2,572
0
2,300
0
4,275
404,259
325,901
378,690
1,964,387
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
21,592
16,811
12,169
8,843
8,191
22,785
14,398
28,369
132,657
151,468
147,245
312,671
146,348
217,460
246,836
436,813
28,896
28,223
23,780
37,750
62,226
46,325
40,759
358.242
14,624
9,654
7,496
7,165
99,457
40,942
33,565
40,703
1,723,189
868,509
672,069
744,568
24,194
69,289
42,645
203,279
768
592
260
5,250
78
56
69
780
164,181
99,991
100,241
1,162,387
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
142,241
133,385
1 15,408
226,686
407,852
498,888
351,041
253,578
13,873,204
6,307,705
13,326,766
15,112.460
9,839,385
11,948,913
6,493,034
9,283,012
3,000
0
4,500
4,700
71,546
25,072
22,891
483.488
15,923
15.386
23,021
13,503
8,335
6,632
13,382
12,458
10,617
8,086
12,310
643
25,761
12,089
18,072
80,075
71,597
15,687
42,686
22,944
0
0
0
0
156,894
149,070
254,652
581,430
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
250
17,000
250
0
76
263
8,274
9,473
2,272,566
1,403.027
199,764
294,142
325,897
1.523,862
0
0
0
0
0
1,000
0
8,738
0
0
0
0
. 0
0
0
2,500
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,854
500
2,200
150,909
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
9,940,914
7,929,030
5,916,253
NA
2,520,433
2,619,395
1,904,001
NA
534,981,228
481,503,118
387,316.218
NA
159,416.643
134,983,547
119,193,042
NA
34,096
29,623
28,280
NA
1,302,821
777,906
638,464
NA
784,378
355,793
97.485
NA
150,552
66,485
80,083
NA
2,261,238
1,139.455
869.842
NA
961,443
1,133,995
831,820
NA
75,456
21,301
44,991
NA
17,889
2,356
69
NA
769,700
602,070
830,551
NA
239
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued.
CAS
Numbcrg)
110-82-7
94-75-7
1163-19-5
615-05-4
39156-41-7
101-80-4
25376-45-8
95-80-7
132-64-9
96-12-8
106-93-4
84-74-2
25321-22-6
Chemical
Cyclohexane
2,4-D (acetic acid)
Dccabromodiphenyl oxide
2,4-Diaminoanisole
2,4-Diaminoanisole
sulfate
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl
ether
Diaminotoluene
(mixed isomcrs)
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Dibenzofuran
1,2-Dibromo-
3-chIoropropane
1,2-Dibromocthane
Dibutyl phthalate
Dichlorobenzene
(mixed isomcrs)
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Fugitive or Stack or
Nonpoint Air Point Air
Forms Emissions Emissions
Pounds Pounds
374 3,532,751 5,145,330
341 4,877,425 5,511,015
357 5,329,818 8,510,090
301 5,256,849 8,705,419
29 5,797 3,772
29 5,596 3,218
28 3,292 3,498
28 3,289 3,731
126 16,151 153,471
127 23,363 179,555
128 12,190 25,027
58 7,500 22,104
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
1 0 0
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
1 0 0
5 14 102
5 8 111
5 5 264
5 0 216
11 15,213 6,500
12 12,501 4,863
11 13,913 4,570
13 15,202 5,895
4 250 1,767
4 263 1,527
4 1,150 755
2 2,900 88
34 15,416 9,070
45 16,309 "14,143
44 16,622 13,456
110 46,687 24,406
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
2 294 0
No Reports Received
16 11,417 3,995
19 17,439 7,760
16 10,921 21,941
34 34,119 29,223
126 26,767 43,349
129 107,047 74,204
133 104,440 72,971
126 169,836 34,222
7 316 3,726
8 475 6,411
9 725 3,796
15 20,169 143,515
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
31,695
26,919
26,753
20,071
133
184
262
549
1,958
2,176
3,873
500
0
0
1,653
2,137
312
585
3,666
989
695
3,288
0
0
5
250
41
10
260
1,510
0
2,788
80
106
1,011
2,327
3,593
5,991
14,339
0
0
0
40
Underground
Injection
Pounds
192,409
266,045
230,985
334,471
250
750
1,200
3,789
40
39
285
292
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,700
28,000
10.000
174,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
26
1,823
6,882
280,000
140,000
110,000
350,000
0
1
4
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
18,138
13,018
109,348
38,190
300
55
15,302
38,000
298,191
506,785
529,340
21,450
0
0
12
5
0
0
57
113
85
295
0
0
0
0
1,589
910
211
9,929
0
325
254
6
259
750
1,000
764
6.395
0
30
0
0
Total
Releases
Pounds
8,920,323
10,694,422
14,206,994
14,355,000
10,252
9,803
23,554
49,358
469,81 1
711,918
570,715
51,846
0
0
1,781
2,261
581
801
33,136
46.466
29,263
198,680
2,017
1,790
1.910
3.238
26,116
31,372
30.549
82,532
294
18,537
25,559
34,797
71,494
353,193
325,844
294,166
574,792
4,042
6,917
4,525
163,724
240
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Dai
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
Cyclohexane
2,4-D (acetic acid)
Decabromodiphenyl oxide
2,4-Diaminoanisole
2,4-Diaminoanisole
sulfate
4.4'-Diaminodiphenyl
ether
Diaminotoluene
'(mixed isomers)
2.4- Diaminotoluene
Dibenzofuran
1,2-Dibromo-
3-chloropropane
1 , 2-Dibromoo thane
Dibutyl phthaiate
Dichlorobenzcne
(mixed isomers)
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling® Recovery® Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,532,738 2,689,509 2,416,381
1,385,099 2,907,123 815,048
437,349 2,985,891 1,025,480
NA HA 2,691,889
0 0 45,410
0 0 51,521
0 0 28,201
NA NA 23,335
159,003 30,860 24,923
25,105 8,129 27,725
21,032 7,406 53,759
NA NA 76,150
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
NA NA 0
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
NA NA 0
0 0 9,574
0 0 23,548
0 0 4,226
NA NA 0
321 354,950 507,953
0 376,100 479,489
0 367,800 428,171
NA NA 456,114
0 480 64,350
0 0 57,902
0 0 10,388
NA NA 0
26,485 0 135
3,609 19,988 1,272
0 800 3,701
NA NA 51,985
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
000
No Reports Received
116 2 73,737
1 235 502,946
0 2,353 66,160
NA NA 5,937
23,901 237,232 159,616
12,896 200,186 117,592
1,345 117,926 140,581
NA NA 157,156
0 2,566 211
0 14,828 14,540
0 92 212
NA NA 104,706
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
17,638
12,103
17,458
146,667
38
574
300
27,952
394,637
202,671
126,872
19,090
250
250
10
7
5
179
160,640
58,575
33,575
2,951
0
0
- 0
1,200
508
505
255
47,726
0
0
0
0
253
3,978
8,948
8,829
36,523
0
0
250
182,663
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
25,364
20,271
32,254
211,575
96,785
18,728
51,900
68,422
951,231
855,820
721,583
555,181
0
0
122
119
1,193
142
9,719
1,646
2,793
289,591
0
0
0
0
26,616
30,141
68,640
181,799
0
251
67
1,005
27,924
68,507
74,055
77,181
113,068
9
0
11
19,672
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
37,400
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
1,284
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
1,618
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
6,681,630
5,139,644
4,498,432
NA
142,233
70,823
80,406
NA
1,560,654
1,119,450
930,652
NA
NA
NA
9,706
23,674
5,424
NA
1,033,583
915,810
832,339
NA
64,830
57,902
10,388
NA
53,744
55,515
73,646
NA
0
74,106
503,269
69,518
NA
493,234
413,677
345,870
NA
2,786
29,368
565
NA
241
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued.
CAS
Number®
95-50- 1
541-73-1
106-46-7
91-94-1
75-27-4
107-06-2
540-59-0
75-09-2
120-83-2
78-87-5
542-75-6
62-73-7
1 15-32-2
Chemical
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlombrantomethane
l,2-Dich!oroethane
1 ,2-Dichloroclhylene
Dkhloromethane
2,4-Dichlorophcnol
1 ,2-DicMoropropane
1,3-Dichloropropylene
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
33
31
38
45
9
7
8
6
23
22
23
24
5
5
6
14
1
1
2
1
79
76
89
110
9
12
11
10
1,030
1,081
1,140
1,673
5
3
3
8
13
12
11
12
11
10
9
8
5
5
8
7
3
5
6
8
Fugitive or
Nonpolnt Air
Emissions
Pounds
98,035
168,572
182,216
206,072
1,925
1,339
1,102
5,782
114,912
95,363
74,313
103,870
5
5
5
250
0
180
15,294
13,440
660,811
617,074
672,901
1,574,325
7,796
19,923
15,623
16,552
25,022,843
24,227,024
27,757,860
49,639,037
3,045
270
274
535
303,857
262,040
205,467
315,478
21,509
27,698
31,499
39,790
768
807
546
1,050
255
255
255
593
Slack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
147,114
176,072
169,843
324,463
8,270
8,682
3,033
9,500
142,276
262,528
263,633
1,787,549
5
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
1,210,095
1,705,374
2,569,806
3,040,854
7,813
11,447
9,204
109,926
37,687,647
40,677,058
46,958,094
79,465,932
794
318
303
868
405,690
315,399
414,450
1,079,826
3,161
5,650
6,212
14,800
513
500
558
0
0
10
256
750
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
2,812
2,174
2,436
11,624
547
139
877
1,281
1,595
1,265
2,021
6,153
0
0
0
752
0
0
0
0
7,446
9,816
12,760
40,527
23
28
7
95
52,289
62,909
233,786
349,960
61
61
0
107
3,609
4,749
6,755
23,785
86
2
69
250
5
5
5
0
0
5
0
0
Underground
Injection
Pounds
2,900
14,000
3,700
20,000
0
0
0
0
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
34,296
5,198
6,927
1,452,084
0
0
24
0
960,942
956,098
1,183,867
1,478,833
10,860
7,677
9,735
17,700
215
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
24,287
6,947
6,469
13,354
0
0
0
0
1,100
1,112
622
1,300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
303
1,858
2,166
0
0
1
1
50,845
78,267
79,308
157,156
0
0
0
2
12
19
1,206
3,400
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
250
0
0
Total
Releases
Pounds
275,148
367,765
364,664
575,513
10,742
10,160
5,012
16,563
261,883
362,268
342,589
1,902,872
10
10
10
1,007
0
180
15,294
13,440
1,912,663
2,337,765
3,264,252
6,109,956
15,632
31,398
24,859
126,574
63,774,566
66,001,356
76,212,915
131,090,918
14,760
8,326
10,312
19,212
713,383
582,207
627,878
1,422,489
24,756
33,350
37,780
54,840
1,286
1,562
1,109
1,050
255
520
511
1,343
242
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlorobromomethane
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethylene
Dichloromethane
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
1 ,3-Dichloropropylene
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
2,518,203
3,145,376
1,904,907
NA
7,632
6,764
950
NA
7,531
6,278
3
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
15,625,934
8,858,152
18,429,536
NA
2,400
2,101
2,330
NA
20,785,487
21,058,873
28,927,441
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
11,000
0
NA
5,007
5,432
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery®
Pounds
777,347
404,460
787,666
NA
0
450
0
NA
2,730
0
0
NA
12,000
3,300
250
NA
0
0
0
NA
636,747
271,519
82,186
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,755,198
3,272,177
4,076,559
NA
0
0
0
NA
1
7
0
NA
1,703
1
0
NA
250
250
250
NA
0
0
0
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
2,153,033
1,538,389
1,897,592
1,947,856
1,858
5,048
4,626
250
272,689
102,521
132,587
138.132
14,500
11,250
16,600
14,420
0
0
0
0
1,178,962
2,255,677
2,146,043
1,617,555
28
522
312
125;744
11,458,743
9,786,544
12,530,708
11,191,522
0
0
0
12,559
2,037
110,468
53
3,782
11,934
2,257
2,818
2,738
755
3,660
2,350
1,011
250
2,271
1,750
9,380
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
20,607
30,791
29,799
64,118
1,800
1,537
480
40
3,303
3,631
1,603
37,997
260
10
260
617
0
0
0
0
11,853
20,407
20,044
1,477,242
0
0
0
0
835,117
825,299
1,300,148
1,831,154
0
0
0
6
253
252
1,389
136,775
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
38,095
99,113
64,587
38,266
0
0
18
290
0
213
751
750
1,255
5,005
5,850
209,785
0
0
0
0
75,392
61,675
20,530
166,131
6
0
3
87,614
296,536
109,056
190,299
10,154,983
1,815
250
0
350
699
567
1,952
1,131
0
0
0
0
7,037
750
1,251
505
0
250
500
15,786
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
0
53,683
0
0
0
0
0
0
77
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
228.000
0
0
0
0
9,517
33,584
80,549
1,089,604
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
5,507,285
5,218,129
4,684,551
NA
11,290
13,799
6,074
NA
286,253
112,643
135,021
NA
28,015
19,565
22,960
NA
0
0
0
NA
17,528,888
11,467,430
20,698,339
NA
2,434
2,623
2,645
NA
37,140,598
35,085,533
47,105,704
NA
1,815
250
0
NA
2,990
122,294
3,394
NA
18,644
7,690
2,818
NA
8,042
4,660
3,852
NA
250
2,521
2,250
NA
243
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued.
CAS
Number®
1 1 1-42-2
117-81-7
84-66-2
64-67-5
119-90-4
57-14-7
105-67-9
131-1 1-3
77-78-1
534-52-1
51-28-5
121-14-2
606-20-2
Chemical
Dicthanolnmine
DM2-ethylhexyl)
phthakte
Diethyl phthalate
Dicthyl sulfate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
1,1 -Dimethyl hydrazine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phlhalate
Dimethyl sulfate
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophcnol
2,4-Dinitrotolucne
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
358
365
354
332
307
334
344
303
63
63
59
32
33
35
37
24
3
2
3
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
189,175
197,805
175,979
443,507
124,650
149,801
149,613
181,545
24,803
26,703
10,827
6,239
6,305
5,159
3,284
8,436
3
0
0
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
140,171
114,131
86,589
198,081
330,957
430,305
761,839
1,035,768
133,712
131,596
83.144
82,378
622
16,857
9,952
2,191
0
0
0
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
221,037
282,871
403,774
438,213
962
1,118
947
2,776
752
337
260
11,272
10
5
5
0
5
4
8
Underground
Injection
Pounds
81,164
60,284
55,526
238,317
0
0
35
3.091
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
169,713
67,023
179,01 1
133,456
103,756
92,887
99,157
20,748
803
750
505
0
5
5
5
250
0
0
0
No Reports Received
3
4
4
4
21
18
20
13
75
69
57
57
37
36
34
33
6
6
6
10
6
5
8
11
2
4
8
13
1
1
1
7
721
99
83
2,206
17,252
16,323
19,952
1,661
67,703
21,010
11,570
113,841
5,351
4,556
6,050
9,176
6
6
2
259
121
1
14,680
12,386
1,848
1,846
1,707
15,533
503
463
422
6,074
26
95
286
2,117
40,496
14,990
8,390
9,927
199,555
71,529
67,385
421,215
1,416
1,199
973
1,630
84
65
31
15
2
2
5,632
8,439
51
33
57
77,724
13
8
3
81,523
0
0
0
10
704
84
4
484
266
329
419
4,335
300
0
161
610
5
10
20
266
2,312
142
128
98,692
399
319
105
12,055
374
212
126
957
0
0
0
0
64,000
55,000
66,000
24,703
1,200
1,300
855
390
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
36,900
27,408
18,925
86,200
0
0
0
106,400
0
0
0
27,000
0
0
5
0
250
250
10
399
5
5
5
504
0
5
0
50
0
0
0
2
9
4
6
257
0
0
0
14,961
0
0
0
0
Total
Releases
Pounds
801,260
722,114
900,879
1,451,574
560,325
674,111
1,011,591
1,243,928
160,070
159,386
94,736
99,889
6,942
22,026
13,246
10.877
8
4
8
747
194
374
4,333
122,702
86,647
94,356
37,174
268,729
94,173
80,234
540,285
7,067
5,760
7,184
11,466
95
81
53
542
39,344
27,557
39,371
205,974
2,298
2,198
1,869
226,673
890
683
551
1 15,554
244
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TO/ Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
Diethanolamine
Di-(2-ethyIhexyl)
phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl sulfate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
1,1 -Dimethyl hydrazine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl sulfate
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinilrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling^)
Pounds
268,541
364,972
271,869
NA
5,889,207
5,435,703
3,322,337
NA
569,800
357,899
297,764
NA
6,180,000
5,370,550
4,942,698
NA
0
0
0
No
46
5
22
NA
46,074
22,356
304
NA
5,276
250
500
NA
35,803
39,542
48,266
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
88,600
93,015
1 14,264
NA
277,414
232,312
388,952
NA
14,224
117,137
57,808
NA
76
54
33
NA
0
0
0
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
295,008
565,007
331,933
733,874
211,095
442,172
194,936
825,367
127,523
60,812
54,635
97,952
1,892
1,775
815
0
0
0
0
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
1,503,177
2,247,216
1,020,511
2,002,497
30,123
26,921
30,321
169,896
235,024
302,115
474,534
37,600
4,565
457
547
890
33
0
0
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
349,362
104,498
344,631
372,707
2,090,391
2,888,883
2,808,626
3,629,163
2,767
13,930
47,671
6,572
0
0
172
0
0
0
0
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
221,811
0
0
1,660
117,050
0
0
250
1,400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reports Received
0
0
0
NA
43,599
27,443
72,669
NA
87,747
28,987
47,843
NA
0
0
0
NA
74
1,376
210
NA
0
0
1
NA
1,187
300
0
NA
156
0
0
NA
3,308
2,914
7,005
0
28,001
16,314
10,351
1,250
14,290
25,816
38,402
44,454
0
0
0
0
10,186
6,122
2,166
259,448
12,375
9,000
6,410
567,365
0
0
0
2,055
0
0
0
703
0
0
0
0
6,161
5,700
5,445
7,964
95,851
131,086
108,641
508,821
10
265
10
1,000
640
357
4,910
19
0
0
5
1,000
0
0
0
700,000
0
0
0
170,000
5
6
0
8,855
1,448
885
1,503
1,500
3,802
4,597
3,497
93,358
0
0
0
0
5,953
6,630
5,550
46,648
70
20
0
1 10,285
255
10
0
124,281
0
0
0
30,882
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
2,504,688
3,374,708
2,083,208
NA
8,498,230
9,025,991
6,746,832
NA
949,338
851,893
932.662
NA
6,186,533
5,372,836
4,944,265
NA
33
0
0
3,359
2,925
7,027
NA
125,283
72,698
90,272
NA
206,966
190,736
198,883
NA
35,813
39,807
48,276
NA
16,853
14,485
12,836
NA
12,445
9,020
6,416 ,
NA
1,442
310
0
NA
156
0
0
NA
245
-------
Chapter 3 — YeaMo-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Tabla 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),©
Continued.
CAS
Number®
123-91-1
106-89-8
110-80-5
140-88-5
100-41-4
541-41-3
74-85-1
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
96-45-7
2164-17-2
50-00-0
Chemical
1,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl aoylate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl chloroformate
Ethylene
Ethytene glycol
Ethylencimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiouiea
Fluometuron
Formaldehyde
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
55
65
85
73
68
71
73
78
40
49
56
110
107
103
100
105
969
945
904
563
5
5
6
5
276
277
283
272
1,321
1,343
1,358
1,450
1
1
1
1
155
162
174
202
10
7
10
6
7
7
5
2
781
788
778
821
Fugitive or
Nonpolnt Air
Emissions
Pounds
121,132
421,047
410,560
361,259
263,624
282,451
402,097
506,142
77,973
109,436
1 17,783
281,053
85,517
92,551
108,017
126,521
3,258,605
3,153,025
3,262,925
3.160,208
3,106
1,918
2,231
11,880
14,668,769
15,014,375
16,663,512
22,744,675
5,300,772
2,464,064
3,230,999
4,093,387
0
0
0
250
393,005
479,314
670,668
923,731
5
5
5
0
290
296
301
250
1,803.777
2,016,047
1,844,893
3,104,302
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
109,760
159,389
274,198
251,374
223,103
101,680
120,556
200,965
149,612
208,789
280,671
2,150,257
87,567
93,419
97,449
119,461
8,844,428
7,310,430
6,877,160
4,539,206
435
485
1,138
2,023
20,601,567
18,534,200
20,085,503
26,839,540
4,354,999
7,813,427
7,063,962
9,124,052
0
0
0
250
321,950
585,332
645,995
3,708,003
524
265
280
500
542
347
303
250
9,674,746
9,401,876
9,544,917
9,155,886
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
305,771
652,296
447,066
203,320
3,486
3,642
3,165
4,917
104
1,952
18
120,164
253
1,200
734
1,211
10,978
15,461
15,793
15,970
5
5
26
0
27,438
24,779
13,413
15,214
784,402
1,189,650
1,345,386
3,739,120
0
0
0
0
2,088
2,634
1,849
44,851
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
388,750
418,498
441,247
904,546
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
68,750
0
0
0
0
0
2,400
3,200
0
633,842
333,957
193,882
72,914
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17,203
4,958,550
5,943,528
4,923,321
7,927,570
0
0
0
0
8,100
28,000
120,000
11,125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,739,510
6,312,425
4,916,248
9,608,524
Releases
to Land
Pounds
2,266
2,236
3,297
11,702
754
2,356
1,655
2,524
2
0
35
52
18
21
1,114
265
54,286
28,710
289,438
202,112
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
13,250
1,051,939
1,265,746
682,783
736,344
0
0
0
0
785
11,222
837
54,700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
149,116
418,220
174,424
494,111
Total
Releases
Pounds
538,929
1,234.968
1,135,121
827.655
490,967
390,129
527,473
783.298
227,691
320,177
398,507
2,551,526
173,355
189,591
210,514
247.458
12,802,139
10,841,583
10,639,198
7,990.410
3,551
2,413
3,400
13,903
35,297,774
33,573,354
36,762,428
49,629,882
16,450,662
18,676,415
17,246,451
25,620,473
0
0
0
500
725,928
1,106,502
1,439,349
4,742,410
529
270
285
500
832
643
609
500
19,755,899
18,567,066
16,921,729
23,267,369
246
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
t* t3 K tl t3 13 M
Table 3-28, Cent.
Chemical
1,4-Dioxane
Epichlorohydrin
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl chloroformate
Ethylene
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Fluometuron
Formaldehyde
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
23,697
20,107
37,925
NA
0
0
0
NA
304,696
359,015
13,688
NA
46,359
38,620
0
NA
5,019,955
3,945,186
3,271,166
-NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
• NA
120,231,084
109,654,382
102,221,954
NA
0
0
0
NA
6,177
0
21,866
NA
780
2,054
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
49,281
60,093
173.167
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
619,260
738,584
589,673
NA
183,888
17,837
41,275
NA
310,524
267,599
206,073
NA
1,613,608
1,417,133
1,275,919
NA
9,057,150
9,310,027
8,929,359
NA
10
0
0
NA
9,961,635
1 1,708,800
10,774,417
NA
7,683,312
8,774,329
7,361,177
NA
0
0
0
NA
1
1
0
NA
0
0
1,682
NA
0
0
0
NA
283,343
146,580
178,066
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
75,177
200,994
388,364
199,402
880,789
947,707
880,794
690,257
34,027
35,069
73,093
366,979
49,894
244,897
123,262
101,345
1,936,211
1,331,205
1,336,714
2,358,965
761
0
0
69,600
25,854
61,073
92,714
29,887
16,044,270
9,125,791
6,993,722
14,505,355
0
0
0
0
6,630
1,063
14,288
1,250
8,240
5,585
6,042
250
2,009
3,460
7,205
19,100
707,840
1,092,275
905,798
1,326,663
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
311,650
258,084
269,319
203,103
38,615
29,201
' 4,709
73,385
355,198
391,233
404,046.
196,286
26,959
21,310
15,836
27,656
59,381
57,017
100,169
511,285
0
0
0
0
563
19
5
250
16,326,235
15,111,275
19,840,454
17,399,131
0
0
0
0
103,723
•'95,140
94,860
362,521
5
5
12
500
255
30,030
11,851
2,300
2,698,561
3,594,354
5,631,384
4,382,254
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
16,115
61,762
47,275
10,954
183
851
276
307
0
3
250
71,142
20,056
9,493
19,268
7,110
304,318
131,894
144,021
415,533
0
0
0
0
17
128
329
11,432
1,657,669
1,408,174
999,079
2,594,372
0
0
0
0
5,421
3,589
1,650
20,663
2,819
1,260
7,060
2,250
2,335
9,364
3,037
3,700
266,426
367,264
322,888
1,409,999
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
925
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
250
0
0
0
250
0
250
12,476
269,164
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
137,804
465,625
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
, 0
0
29,766
3,580
Total
Transfers^
Pounds
1,045,899
1,279,531
1,332,556
NA
1,103,475
995,596
927,054
NA
1,004,445
1,052,919
697,152
NA
1,756,876
1,731,453
1,434,285
NA
16,377,015
14,775,579-
13,793,905'
NA
771
0
0
NA'
9,988,069
11,770,020
10,867,465
NA"
161,942,570
144,073,951
137,554,190
NA
0
0
0
NA
121,952
99,793
132,664
NA
11,844
8,904
14,796
NA,
4,599
42,854
22,093
NA
4,005,451
5,260,566
7,241,069
NA
247
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued.
CAS
Number®
76-13-1
__
76-44-8
118-74-1
87-68-3
77-47-4
67-72-1
302-01-2
10034-93-2
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
123-31-9
Chemical
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Hcptachlor
Hcxachlorobenzene
Hcxachloro-
1,3-butadiene
Hcxachlorocyclo-
pcntadiene
Hcxachloroethane
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydroquinone
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
237
468
872
1,440
2,157
2,209
2,232
1,620
1
1
2
2
9
10
9
9
7
8
7
9
4
4
4
5
19
24
20
22
46
46
43
55
3
3
3
4
3,300
3,318
3,338
3,264
45
41
36
35
521
513
526
527
60
60
' 56
61
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
3,337,957
6,914,660
17,899,940
47,169,422
10,455,326
10,128,141
10,881,855
10.525.203
830
31
460
54,292
323
304
4,138
3,602
1,189
1,190
1,916
2,043
7.675
2,857
7.112
77,902
4,736
1,030
1,738
2,949
11.539
12,267
13,033
24,368
0
0
0
290
3,489,997
4,320,756
4,412,221
6,233,671
73,812
53,123
65,822
131,604
2,720,617
3,081,226
4,379,551
3,788,142
16,113
3,950
4,533
3,601
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,738,081
2,950,969
7,044,122
23,407,650
38,065,248
35,782,872
36,431,343
38,338,442
0
0
250
3
112
332
333
443
221
557
2,218
465
1,248
908
1,268
415
30,260
48,677
19,284
16,128
4,846
4,185
6,238
7,689
2
1
2
882
69,181,592
76,047,122
73,984,938
69,936,603
2,208,155
2,180,968
2,275,468
977,673
4,661,457
4,653,919
5,834,729
9,642,646
28,861
16,125
8,985
6,733
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
1,504
4,271
1,916
32,894
292,472
363,984
360,138
280,271
3
2
1
2
269
476
227
4
351
1,200
1,911
153
1
1
0
6
447
291
3
11
292
784
842
2,149
0
0
0
0
25,991
719,541
1,927,193
3,861,789
712
396
3,947
2,300
28,129
10,340
3,400
189,928
4,457
8,994
3,967
7,211
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
4
214
5,965
128,096
114,415
194,386
362,198
0
0
0
0
204
548
794
410
201
520
738
220
250
250
5
2,131
326
1,081
1,670
520
250
0
0
0
230,000
220,000
120,000
355,000
141,990,565
146,397,099
207,793,749
396,089,339
860,568
821,815
801,646
1,737,850
2,924
3,520
1
250
456,762
470,000
250,750
375,400
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
1,237
9,028
27,799
50,785
76,462
161,656
105,185
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
29
5
10
29
0
0
0
0
263,737
359,261
432,770
5,523,473
6
12
17
1,761
27,643
28,560
27,886
13,002
42
117
0
530
Total
Releases
Pounds
5,077,542
9,871,141
24,955,220
70.643,730
48,991,927
46,465,874
48,029,378
49,611,299
833
33
711
54,297
908
1,660
5,492
4,459
1,962
3,467
6,783
2,881
9,174
4,016
8,385
80,454
35,769
51,079
22,695
19,609
16,956
17,241
20,123
34,235
230,002
220,001
120,002
356,172
214,951,882
227,843,779
288,550,871
481,644,875
3,143,253
3,056,314
3,146,900
2,851,188
7,440,770
7,777,565
10,245,567
13,633,968
506,235
499,186
268,235
393,475
248
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRi Data
it n w 11 n S3
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
Freon 113
Glycol ethers
Hepiachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloro-
1 ,3-butadicne
Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene
Hexachloroelhane
Hydrazine
Hydrazinc sulfate
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydroquinone
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
1,943,928
3,070,364
5,666,546
NA
4,280,494
4,150,569
3,605,195
NA
0
0
0
NA
1
1
1
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
46
8
22
NA
0
0
0
NA
57,794,473
61,089,390
59,673,320
NA
0
0
0
NA
212,513
281,413
289,178
NA
0
9,700
8,316
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery®
Pounds
163,558
210,179
393,733
NA
14,471,517
13,887,475
11,824,386
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,250
910
1,000
NA
61,000
41,000
21,000
NA
0
30,005
455
NA
0
0
0
NA
8,667,665
8,501,213
5,109,001
NA
250
253
250
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,900
881
5,139
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
960,119
417,205
787,466
4,037,767
4,222,175
3,498,330
3,041,810
5,837,188
4,300
77,287
93,737
51,935
64,568
88,709
62,543
521,558
60,084
21,416
14,441
3,513,001
27,672
9,620
33,818
590,845
18,745
49,801
10,187
532,352
3,661
72,162
131,085
36,582
0
0
0
0
43,869,984
47,553,857
43,694,332
25,633,047
770
492
470
21,200
2,519,974
2,254,508
2,539,160
2,841,628
29,043
47,558
28,737
303,106
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
39,023
37,045
23,211
104,441
11,140,741
12,090,077
10,634,891
9,045,411
77
42
69
37
250
250
8
160
6
14
7
300
1,303
656
653
852
0
0
0
260
4,960
1,408
1,308
1,468
2,300
0
0
0
19,241,520
19,850,744
29,261,941
34,773,433
7,033
281
330
337
349,379
269,976
276,044
508,939
150,987
1 10,898
162,175
512,180
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
42,431
12,278
102,065
1,925,997
703,449
796,501
685,013
1,547,090
0
0
0
0
940,478
648,010
28,380
443,541
430
12
5
19,640
0
0
2,740
28,470
352,309
1,954
206
128,504
4,600
4,136
2,559
6,541
0
0
0
0
12,238,039
13,581,451
12,822,339
48,946,973
802
2,065
874
1,001
761,422
856,706
1,269,429
3,467,471
3,396
34,105
8,646
6,835
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
750
5,116
300,965
14,682
25,678
22,666
539,894
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60,055
77,495
255,991
213,017
0
0
0
250
0
250
10,030
64,252
0
0
250
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
3,149,059
3,747,821
6,978.137
NA
34,833,058
34,448,630
29,813,961
NA
4,377
77,329
93,806
NA
1,005,297
736,970
90,932
NA
60,520
21,442
14,453
NA
30,225
11,186
38,21 1
NA
432,054
92,755
31,393
NA
13,267
107,719
135,429
NA
2,300
0
0
NA
141,871,736
150,654,150
150,816,924
NA
8,855
3,091
1,924
NA
3,843,288
3,662,853
4,383,841
NA
187,326
203,142
213,263
NA
249
-------
Chapter 3-
• Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued.
CAS
Number®
78-84-2
67-63-0
80-05-7
7439-92-1
_
58-89-9
108-31-6
12427-38-2
7439-96-5
__
7439-97-6
_
67-56-1
Chemical
Isobutyraldehyde
Isopropyl alcohol
(manufacturing)
4,4'-IsQpropylidene-
diphenol
Lead
Lead compounds
Lindane
Malcic anhydride
Mancb
Manganese
Manganese compounds
Mercury
Mercury compounds
Methanol
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
20
20
22
IS
85
117
112
91
114
109
109
79
817
817
815
862
845
870
897
730
8
8
11
3
212
206
200
199
6
6
7
6
1,385
1,339
1,267
931
986
1,000
961
540
21
22
24
37
9
13
15
15
2,439
2,461
2,498
2,502
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
167,790
131,296
114,601
178.740
287,148
331,981
382,054
790,482
136,826
105,696
109,292
119,870
97,304
236,956
165,905
484,033
507,374
237,908
450,522
354,957
280
277
507
251
76,903
61,297
101,129
111,640
255
510
510
1,000
551,291
312,745
405,492
1,045,620
1,125,401
773,527
613,679
582,452
7,745
9,114
9,462
15,791
2,012
2,507
2,488
1,006
32,088,254
30,811,305
34,523,682
48,262,319
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
207,317
255,098
289,205
507,178
708,275
926,521
989,591
1,210,915
100,086
94,784
76,437
107,056
317,870
460,003
303,214
644,630
894,106
800,902
1,001,320
1,177,289
299
298
531
7
171,186
311,050
355,296
550,604
17
520
535
1,265
229,593
496,883
308,283
538,621
1,842,932
1,428,654
1,371,441
1,215,549
2,859
2,528
4,760
7,114
704
914
761
1,370
185,724,754
144,889,244
174,487,807
208,601,632
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
472
650
351
773
0
0
15
1,900
18,265
8,366
7,463
126,385
12,268
24,591
12,084
61,791
53,431
50,467
62,440
180,363
5
Q
0
0
312
403
405
12,580
0
0
0
250
88,895
243,568
235,301
321,992
733,537
565,653
733,723
681,469
175
267
273
1,397
146
179
302
9
1 1,007,879
10,136,033
18,148,522
16,906,967
Underground Releases
Injection to Land
Pounds Pounds
72,553
34,783
3,840
60
0
0
0
0
99,184
44,339
41,000
0
0
0
0
' 5
1,263
1,768
2,888
2,755
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
240,000
0
0
0
0
10
504
304
255
5,930
8,740
22,569
6,816,070
0
0
0
0
7
15
9
27
24,343,351
28,839,963
27,084,182
26,555,436
0
0
1
1
250
750
330
14
394,032
695,804
287,138
424,117
502,240
3,336,927
2,062,834
6,648,946
14,656,876
13,299,794
11,924,326
20,035,109
5
5
0
0
2,288
4,062
2,327
250
0
0
250
0
8,484,764
7,582,541
6,543,600
20,229,826
37,796,986
47,670,729
63,890,225
84,226,474
1,351
1,801
3,122
13,279
0
11
17
0
2,602,696
1,850,075
3,318,121
11,694,136
Total
Releases
Pounds
448,132
421,827
407,998
686,752
995,673
1,259,252
1,371,990
2,003,311
748,393
948,989
521,330
777,428
929,682
4,058,477
2,544,037
7,839,405
16,113,050
14,390,839
13,441,496
21,750,473
589
580
1,038
258
250,694
376,817
459,162
915,074
272
1,030
1,295
2,515
9,354,553
8,636,241
7,492,980
22,136,314
41,504,786
50,447,303
66,631,637
93,522,014
12,130
13,710
17,617
37,581
2,869
3,626
3,577
2,412
255,766,934
216,526,620
257,562,314
312,020,490
250
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
Isobutyraldehyde
Isopropyl alcohol
(manufacturing)
4,4'-Isopropylidene-
diphenol
Lead
Lead compounds
Lindane
Maleic anhydride
Maneb
Manganese
Manganese compounds
Mercury
Mercury compounds
Methanol
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
gg
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling©
Pounds
1,696
200
400
NA
39,579
214,276
225,917
NA
297,938
0
18,865
NA
55,772,470
40,952,648
32,472,983
NA
293,561,113
250,120,864
372,504,132
NA
0
0
0
NA
750
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
87,273,512
73,062,269
33,417,710
NA
52,720,517
46,123,938
38,600,645
NA
21,223
11,639
14,455
NA
3,685
12,000
37,000
NA
16,126,765
15,848,754
15,652,368
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
626,772
703,266
1,096,087
NA
313,270
232,241
238,766
NA
54,939
34,556
34,510
NA
12,540
7,789
19,860
NA
72,421
75,387
39,419
NA
0
0
0
NA
140,954
112,033
62,503
NA
0
0
0
NA
900
253
323
NA
45,052
23,682
29,446
NA
0
0
3
NA
0
0
1
NA
76,522,836
67,790,882
69,406,552
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
53,037
44,236
35,010
30,260
30,670
116,009
99,174
319,961
100,729
40,193
29,037
995,810
705,129
522,472
775,040
2,901,988
5,369,225
2,497,608
3,209,472
2,254,781
2,462
3,992
51,355
130
852,732
783,929
688,345
1,725,648
1,698
260
3,070
2,077
480,396
504,281
498,901
4,208,789
3,937,739
3,319,774
3,365,895
1,376,268
3,813
1,265
13,960
38,548
49
486
60,394
256
32,260,230
36,744,036
40,965,551
40,029,552
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
45,433
10,402
3,265
713
1,570
6,514
68,302
161,751
19,360
32,719
34,485
31,135
28,528
27,960
31,384
122,469
61,189
111,055
326,798
90,956
5
6
5
0
4,813
2,980
1,770
556,373
0
0
5
1,470
52,786
51,213
67,695
132,672
401,335
378,243
1,001,414
1,843,019
10
15
15
1,364
5
6
7
528
92,593,278
96,544,218
113,658,323
121,317,544
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
69,306
0
250
0
1,550
27,137
1,318
247,039
672,051
365,436
370,428
444,560
1,647,537
2,142,380
3,016,749
10,728,210
20,542,170
20,547,453
13,358,808
14,252,634
42
67
73
56
22,012
25,827
34,669
132,148
13,553
125,841
14,092
5,285
12,965,563
11,030,769
10,703,930
17,867,850
22,667,250
20,023,864
13,594,495
18,013,696
12,590
17,330
29,929
218,830
26,121
55,549
131,646
17,133
2,255,577
3,439,442
3,284,731
15,226,349
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,099
129,407
0
0
4
1,000
200,000
750
109,071
254,573
250
299
413,737
668,019
0
0
0
0
0
0
577
1,150
0
0
0
0
2,293,469
976,335
522,006
3,314,734
5
250
145,350
423,308
0
0
22
0
0
0
0
0
6,841
388
15,551
3,528,978
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
796,244
758,104
1,135,012
NA
386,639
596,177
641,576
NA
1,145,017
472,904
487,329
NA
58,366,204
43,653,999
36,425,087
NA
319,606,368
273,352,666
389,852,366
NA
2,509
4,065
51,433
NA
1,021,261
924,769
787,864
NA
15,251
126,101
17,167
NA
103,066,626
85,625,120
45,210,565
NA
79,771,898
69,869,751
56,737,245
NA
37,636
30,249
58,384
NA
29,860
68,041
229,048
NA
219,765,527
220,367,720
242,983,076
NA
251
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered},©
Continued.
CAS
Number®
72-43-5
109-86-4
%-33-3
1634-04-4
101-14-4
101-61-1
101-68-8
74-95-3
101-77-9
78-93-3
60-34-4
74-88-4
108-10-1
Chemical
Mcthoxychlor
2-Mcihoxyethanol
Methyl acrylnte
Methyl ten-butyl ether
4»4'-Methylenebis
(2-chloroaniline)
4.4'-Methylenebis(N,N-
dimethyl) benzeneamine
Mothylcnebis
(phcnylisocyanate)
Mcthylcne bromide
4.4'-Methyenedianiline
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
3
4
7
12
58
68
86
95
68
64
64
61
190
141
132
90
20
17
18
8
No
No
No
I
879
842
789
430
6
7
6
9
27
27
24
31
2,389
2,473
2,512
2,527
2
2
1
3
4
4
6
3
1,031
1,021
1,038
1,011
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
5
91
261
47,721
156,788
498,431
899,429
1,148,256
93,969
109,381
129,531
332,710
898,970
924,878
836,254
617,340
10
10
12
250
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
5
5
557
83,310
461,835
660,857
531,326
4,751,413
165,346
82,794
136,816
1 10,786
2,202,805
2,747,949
2,209,275
1,970,907
10
5
5
0
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
5
5
252
15,898
85,820
165,535
40,520
480
442
1,279
1,687
90,240
92,315
102,869
21,499
0
0
0
0
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
95
130
77
200
29,645
9,406
68,445
14,400
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
5
258
20
2
4
7
89
88
705
30,260
2,225
409
288
370
0
0
2
0
Reports Received
Reports Received
Reports Received
250
248,941
380,582
307,941
155,166
30,565
42,558
23,361
34,468
6,669
15,313
6,496
36,804
27,184,737
29,378,455
32,014,130
41,669,961
250
25
0
2,774
30,383
33,233
21,980
5,691
6,847,214
7,810,250
7,929,834
13,049,874
0
259,178
166,991
144,341
91,152
41,280
13,759
14,790
23,255
3,073
2,961
3,890
93,461
51,440,202
56,738,332
61,134,535
99,080,759
250
0
0
153
11
907
3,405
3,253
18,429,655
17,477,368
18,377,272
18,985,959
0
15
15
30
1,022
0
0
0
0
725
291
420
2,599
108,385
184,339
154,709
91,426
0
0
0
1
0
14
11
5
80,177
90,214
96,387
762, 108
0
0
0
0
0
5,700
0
250
0
26,064
9,750
8,865
460,250
575,848
360,927
365,395
255,955
0
0
0
0
0
0
9,500
250
131,600
131,600
129,100
1 16,650
7,000
338,804
39,879
89,914
87,415
0
0
0
0
0
135
55
1,140
51,794
134,162
241,593
166,537
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,925
76,771
194,986
31,770
Total
Releases
Pounds
10
101
828
131,541
634,541
1,245,110
1,596,294
5,940,946
259,979
192,835
268,408
475,643
3,223,885
3,774,957
3,217,131
2,624,516
20
15
19
250
7,250
846,938
587,467
542,226
334,755
77,545
56,317
38,401
57,723
36,531
28,450
19,726
594,254
79,360,966
86,796,215
93,910,362
141,264,638
500
25
0
2,928
30,394
34,154
34,896
9,199
25,501,571
25,586,203
26,727,579
32,946,361
252
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
Methoxychlor
2-MethoxyethanoI
Methyl acrylate
Methyl tert-butyl ether
4,4'-MethyIenebis
(2-chloro aniline)
4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-
dimethyl) benzeneamine
Methylenebis
(phenylisocyanate)
Methylene bromide
4,4'-MethyenedianiIine
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling©
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
4,300
320
6,174
NA
25,098
14,736
0
NA
17,184
31,756
17,250
NA
0
0
0
NA
No
No
No
NA
369,955
400,162
328,874
NA
0
0
33
NA
0
0
0
NA
21,395,064
24,476,161
25,722,371
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
17,951,007
22,886,709
20,232,494
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
1,628,616
580,965
727,772
NA
358,071
255,044
409,635
NA
924,149
657,873
346,394
NA
5,848
2,148
2,559
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
5
15
251
6,551
201,086
327,097
329,524
826,153
98,412
17,229
41,241
14,040
548,449
33,893
32,713
93,575
1,069
464
2,810
6,250
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
0
0
0
0
1,131,051
855,415
1,054,043
622,102
3,260
8,484
8,293
14,886
95,945
93,942
80,414
7,713
5
5
5
0
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
0
5
255
8
58,369
16,300
750
57,362
6,318
1,595
1,433
4,765
117,753
134,331
15,329
4,602
1,300
750
0
0
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
17,845
715
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reports Received
Reports Received
Reports Received
NA
119,545
146,804
88,328
NA
1,300
750
0
NA
6,295
8,530
26,949
NA
46,300,997
46,145,068
39,585,028
NA
0
0
0
NA
250
350
0
NA
18,854,225
12,055,803
17,385,212
NA
0
622,830
649,007
. 552,045
932,648
250
584
2,284
0
174,060
72,400
84,836
139,349
6,147,170
5,649,597
6,271,887
22,183,425
5
74
0
1,250
250
230
250
0
1,626,682
1,406,124
1,500,419
6,075,272
0
1,427
1,881
2,305
1,500
1,114
2,489
1,493
6,097
1,889
2,152
1,629
7,399
410,746
753,095
653,417
964,168
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
488,749
636,214
776,557
1,509,030
1,150
433,873
610,492
997,368
1,781,072
6,200
0
0
0
24,874
33,676
9,710
141,538
417,545
418,786
614,356
5,014,725
0
0
0
1,450
2,450
27
0
250
68,442
1 13,268
107,625
1,966,238
0
0
0
47,000
7,325
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,000
2,573
258,615
2,054,502
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,022
2,283
205,272
2,467,760
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
5
20
506
NA
3,023,422
1,780,097
2,136,108
NA
491,159
297,088
460,602
NA
1,703,480
951,795
492,100
NA
8,222
3,367
5,374
NA
NA
1,547,630
1,808,346
2,015,920
NA
8,864
3,823
3,810
NA
207,118
116,758
123,124
NA
74,672,522
77,445,280
73,105,674
NA
5
74
0
NA
2,950
607
250
NA
38,993,127
37,100,401
40,207,579
NA
253
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued.
CAS
Number®
624-83-9
80-62-6
90-94-8
1313-27-5
91-20-3
134-32-7
7440-02-0
—
7697-37-2
139-13-9
99-59-2
98-95-3
55-63-0
Chemical
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl mcthacrylate
Michler's ketone
Molybdenum trioxide
Naphthalene
nlpha-Naphthylamine
Nickel
Nickel compounds
Nitric acid
Nitrilotriacetic acid
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
Nitrobenzene
Nitroglycerin
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
4
4
2
12
262
252
247
218
1
1
No
4
152
141
134
100
527
489
479
420
2
2
2
3
1,739
1,706
1,653
1,162
834
831
795
567
1,827
1,858
1,847
1,917
8
7
7
14
1
1
2
No
14
15
19
19
19
19
22
21
Fugitive or Stack or
Nonpoint Air Point Air
Emissions Emissions
Pounds Pounds
18,730
4,490
6,851
9,649
718,626
611,062
735,650
1,346,194
0
100
Reports Received
450
140,500
127,593
52,808
37,672
1,744,636
1,507,365
1,378,132
3,421.071
5
5
5
336
426,442
194,312
543,166
270,197
107,651
56,016
59,634
154,883
686,983
817,208
733,779
1,163,493
8
7
4
1,000
5
5
5
Reports Received
33,963
64,830
38,769
22,616
1,842
2,297
2,059
2,280
1,005
18,529
803
586
1,740,218
1,723,141
1,821,342
2,284,375
814
1,442
650
37,066
52,381
59,996
73,523
1,322,113
1,199,776
1,251,466
1,740,741
5
5
5
254
140,557
156,811
202,137
181,975
132,907
132,615
100,135
115,732
1,846,305
2,329,748
2,341,512
7,166,450
5
5
0
1,500
5
5
10
6,759
7,807
13,798
18,663
34,233
28,232
27,073
50,103
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
0
0
0
4,669
8,237
34,595
28,437
0
0
0
60,848
61,969
59,691
139,021
28,179
31,203
28,992
22,518
0
0
0
101
31,342
39,597
45,440
90,386
66,981
56,908
67,078
131,983
167,499
180,513
53,975
1,380,565
2,748
6,442
4,069
5,100
0
0
0
1,999
309
524
7,283
11,544
28,012
12,906
2,746
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
120,000
260,000
220,000
327,220
0
0
0
161,340
202,775
162,705
197,115
88,200
79,814
78,227
50,946
0
0
0
0
7,080
7,878
5,309
14,295
55,861
122,160
292,453
224,968
18,269,660
19,213,898
22,081,766
25,485,680
500
500
2,700
0
0
0
0
815,285
309,441
864,949
819,000
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
64
74
2,606
4,003
8,119
0
0
0
71,814
32,449
42,651
97,238
47,014
49,881
1,667,145
123,956
0
0
0
0
383,047
450,209
2,449,954
1,225,251
1,302,415
2,866,531
1,296,401
2,384,332
395,050
421,265
662,049
1,330,695
0
0
0
5,100
0
0
0
226
328
427
3,538
0
250
16,150
11,640
Total
Releases
Pounds
19,735
23,019
7,654
10,299
2,583,587
2,605,046
2,815,590
3,994,345
814
1,542
1,100
471,568
477,167
377,851
544,569
3,230,142
2,868,039
4,403,962
5,359,232
10
10
10
691
988,468
848.807
3,246,006
1,782,104
1,665,815
3,234,230
1,815,701
3,011,898
21,365,497
22,962,632
25,873,081
36,526,883
3,261
6,954
6,773
12.700
10
10
15
858,232
382,715
918,467
871,100
47,619
58,791
58,188
66,769
254
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TFtl Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl methacrylate
Michler's ketone
Molybdenum trioxide
Naphthalene
alpha-Naphthylamine
Nickel
Nickel compounds
Nitric acid
Nitrilotriacetic acid
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
Nitrobenzene
Nitroglycerin
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling®
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
22,185
82,310
83,571
NA
0
0
No
NA
3,042,074
3,270,386
3,113,348
NA
436,139
341,922
136,187
NA
0
0
0
NA
73,647,516
63,184,206
735,347,186
NA
30,682,973
32,046,070
26,993,541
NA
3,238,193
2,484,533
3,236,744
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
No
3,603
3,370
2,881
NA
39,276
3,551
3,088
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery®
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
1,337,112
1,044,464
1,047,331
NA
145
216
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
0
0
0
314
734,077
663,896
659,516
2,787,477
0
0
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
0
0
0
0
285,518
265,342
252,180
191,071
0
0
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
0
0
0
8,400
710,303
274,425
96,628
276,567
0
0
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
40,862
37,51 1
0
0
Reports Received
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,201,671
1,543,575
2,322,051
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,052
1,524
13,073
NA
1,034
6,593
21,561
NA
3
44
539
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
33,519
326,967
78,594
61,487
7,336
559,827
411,019
526,672
536,139
0
0
0
0
1,132,948
976,098
1,157,416
1,178,974
1,542,095
1,401,445
1,795,081
1,886,744
10,494,546
11,783,606
10,641,507
18,442,846
2,080
0
8,556
190,753
0
0
0
0
62,262
34,806
72,499
34,044
15,615
24,352
88,516
800,227
0
0
0
0
94,294
109,994
143,156
252,712
122,576
118,001
1 19,835
651,832
3,423,791
2,167,534
3,806,583
22,432,957
0
0
0
254,859
5
5
10
0
389,598
446,634
350,365
573,624
496,506
334,485
667,306
1,359,184
0
0
0
0
3,280,758
2,390,645
3,580,177
6,406,186
4,744,220
5,321,930
5,059,207
3,902,835
3,537,114
2,624,757
4,004,687
7,929,318
0
0
0
250
0
0
250
0
0
0
250
20,000
0
0
2,850
31,000
0
0
0
0
15,930
34,874
408,069
142,258
0
18,494
43,483
194,385
0
250
33,614
48,202
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reports Received
24,351
19,340
27,210
NA
0
2
250
NA
459,182
288,124
435,854
1,301,075
92,023
48,379
68,952
3,581
289
118
23
5,671
263
52
40
53
2,290
790
14,297
69,570
6
6
0
2
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
3,089,195
2,330,437
2,180,088
NA
145
216
NA
3,820,901
3,830,420
3,597,949
NA
2,709,758
2,655,353
3,743,582
NA
0
0
0
NA
78,174,498
66,697,341
740,649,077
NA
37,092,898
38,912,533
34,032,708
NA
20,693,647
19,060,724
21,723,674
NA
2,080
0
8,556
NA
S
5
260
489,715
311,742
480,265
NA
131,568
51,990
72,330
NA
255
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued.
CAS
Number®
88-75-5
100-02-7
79-46-9
156-10-5
121-69-7
62-75-9
86-30-6
56-38-2
87-86-5
79-21-0
108-95-2
106-50-3
90-43-7
Chemical
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2-Nitropropane
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N,N-Dim«hyJaniline
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Parathion
Pentachlorophenol
Pcracctic acid
Phenol
p-Phcnylenediamine
2-Phenylphenol
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
4
5
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
7
10
15
2
2
2
2
21
23
19
20
No
No
No
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
5
13
35
39
42
55
20
15
19
8
719
679
688
631
10
9
10
13
18
19
18
15
Fugitive or Stack or
Nonpoint Air Point Air
Emissions Emissions
Pounds Pounds
0
5
5
32,152
920
654
715
7,642
22,842
39,191
36,262
208,303
24
24
24
15
5,441
3,500
19,616
18,448
Reports Received
Reports Received
Reports Received
0
0
0
0
0
1,142
1,215
10
2,258
4,511
5,673
7,470
8,133
26,364
847
2,589
766
2,506,650
1,927,737
2,998,934
4,523,892
2,845
342
2,737
2,210
7,784
25,409
6,957
9,010
18
24
7
1,537
81
91
105
213
14,381
9,137
9,380
181,082
0
0
0
0
16,651
17,222
24,262
80,457
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
255
1,007
17,112
5,465
6,224
5,896
4,024
2,660
3,379
4,687
5,919,567
4,784,747
4,804,130
6,027,710
2,098
3,190
2,756
111,680
35,223
1,089
17,865
1,620
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
67
7
48
1
0
33
1,700
0
3,300
1,200
900
4,300
0
0
0
0
584
697
2,039
19,967
0
0
0
0
27
0
5
5
750
1,458
2,541
3,127
2,465
15
53
14
55
121,450
127,891
168,307
258,200
1,260
1,004
0
826
15
57
97
480
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,300
0
0
65,581
257,000
0
5,400
4,900
2,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
34,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20,000
0
0
5
0
3,224,053
2,994,279
5,552,077
4,661,319
0
0
0
4,716
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
250
255
270
3,717
270
260
520
0
172,458
200,436
190,725
1,882,365
2,624
1,051
3
0
2
255
5
0
Total
Releases
Pounds
85
36
60
33,692
1,001
778
2,520
14,162
40,523
49,528
112,123
650,685
24
5,424
4,924
2,015
22,676
21,419
45,917
119,122
0
0
0
0
34,027
1,147
1,225
270
4,265
23,331
13,934
17,091
40,211
30,673
3,820
6,507
5,508
11,944,178
10,035,090
13,714,173
17,353,486
8,827
5,587
5,496
1 19,432
43,024
26,810
24,924
11,110
256
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRl Data
u n BO II n *) M
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2-Nitropropane
p-Nitrosodiphcnylaminc
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylarnine
Parathion
Pentachlorophenol
Peracetic acid
Phenol
p-Phenylenediamine
2-PhenyIphenol
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling^
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,300
3,400
2,230
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
No
No
No
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
250
1,010
1,250
NA
0
0
0
NA
494,671
869,280
808,210
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery®
Pounds
0
4,592
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,779
103
0
NA
16,000
15,000
15,000
NA
640,609
593,413
1,090,379
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
20,189
42,430
429
1,600
583,000
923,001
820,002
0
29
12,298
4,100
8,910
0
0
0
0
73,839
37,849
132,993
465,397
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
180
130
0
149,000
186
245
411
560,428
0
0
0
3,000
0
0
0
0
145,372
164,986
161,693
287,483
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
0
0
0
13,100
3
4
27
70
0
0
63,962
4,785
0
0
0
180
0
0
0
772
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,120
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reports Received
Reports Received
Reports Received
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
24,982
40,981
54,457
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,381,500
2,386,612
2,699,514
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
260
505
NA
0
200,000
474,000
498,400
300
1,035
7,847
6,502
1,321
44,970
69,218
23,221
27,568
0
110
4,553
0
2,912,978
2,589,383
1,681,322
3,668,466
23,968
28.693
409
53,471
121
0
1,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,798
1,133
900
4,728
2,138
3,689
2,474
0
2,811,469
3,817,033
4,548,089
6,046,640
3,600
3,830
4,298
6,277
3,537
3,687
2,667
6,400
0
0
0
0
0
15,027
0
0
3,959
24,343
34,860
99,899
518,105
0
0
0
0
1,604,425
1,404,237
1,175,394
2,518,461
0
. 7,900
4,800
64,452
1,507
1,005
515
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,312
0
500
19,535
25,087
107,900
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
20,369
47,152
429
NA
583,189
923,250
820,440
NA
5,108
15,801
74,412
NA
16,000
15,000
15,000
NA
859,820
796,248
1,385,065
NA
NA
200,000
474,000
498,400
NA
16,062
7,847
6,502
NA
96,343
147,202
179,727
NA
2,138
3,799
9,339
NA
11,205,543
11,086,080
10,937,616
NA
27,568
40,423
9,507
NA
5,165
4,952
5,187
NA
257
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued.
CAS
Number©
75-44-5
7664-38-2
7723-14-0
85-44-9
88-89-1
_
1336-36-3
1 120-71-4
123-38-6
114-26-1
115-07-1
75-55-8
75-56-9
Chemical
Phosgene
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus
(yellow or white)
Phthalic anhydride
Picric acid
Polybrominated
biphenyls
Polychlorinatcd
biphenyls (PCBs)
Propane sultone
Propionaldehyde
Propoxur
Propylene
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
fear
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
29
33
32
37
2,710
2,719
2,709
2,531
52
52
50
73
179
181
179
180
9
8
8
5
2
1
1
1
13
16
19
121
1
1
2
2
22
21
22
15
3
4
6
5
343
325
331
333
7
7
7
1
118
122
126
128
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
2,826
3,035
3,600
3,839
282,950
502,035
345,546
727,537
27,686
25,089
27,894
9,049
98,814
90,815
113,917
126,906
2
2
2
251
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
6
0
250
250
0
340,111
328,204
396,321
399,253
0
0
39
250
12,361,218
13,384,624
13,258,086
18,460,108
216
24
17
250
357,416
336,408
612,746
892,841
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
6,050
2,660
1,684
17,764
751,694
757,304
868,313
1,235,303
4.148
5,195
2,397
11,559
331,805
395,863
641,470
423,003
2
2
1
1
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
148,346
130,008
287,069
868,586
4
5
386
0
8,090,630
5,780,980
8,233,048
12,021,775
265
315
386
250
678,422
832,955
790,970
2,781,342
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
0
5
500
20,900,384
175,861,627
158,674,836
122,647,164
9,391
4,987
4,808
11,322
362
457
5,240
1,040
2
1
2
251
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
21
56
9
1,156
0
0
0
0
4,584
175,120
989
10,003
0
0
0
0
12,695
6,390
7,260
112,503
Underground Releases
Injection to Land
Pounds Pounds
5
5
5
250
45,616
33,789
35,230
53,71 1
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
43,958
64,294
1,068,674
1,362,180
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
66,352
63,995
63,940
930
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
' 0
22,195
5,151
200
1,113,780
0
0
0
0
56,785,731
35,500,111
46,725,635
52,615,971
9,543
37,505
327,970
3,893,674
0
226
1,079
1,265
2
1
2
250
0
0
5
0
0
265
1
752
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,151
6,197
2,251
11,630
Total
Releases
Pounds
8,881
5,700
5,294
22,353
78.766,375
212,654,866
206,649,560
177,279,686
50,768
72,781
363,074
3,925,604
430,981
487,361
761,706
552,214
43,966
64,300
1,068,681
1,362,933
0
0
255
250
0
265
1
768
0
250
250
0
554,830
522,263
747,339
1,269,925
4
5
425
250
20,456,432
19,340,724
21,492,128
30,491,886
481
339
403
500
1,076,879
1,187,101
1,413,427
4,912,096
258
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
tl tt 10 £1 «} S3 **
Table 3-29, Cent.
Chemical
Phosgene
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus
(yellow or white)
Phthalic anhydride
Picric acid
Polybrominated
biphenyls
Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
Propane sultone
Propionaldehyde
Propoxur
Propylene
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88 '
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling©
Pounds
0
0
0
' NA
9,473,740
8,868,875
9,733,321
NA
183,411
165,480
166,372
NA
2,781
0
4,148
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
18,920
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA'
0
0
0
NA
66
0
0
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
45,269
1,015
913
NA
0
0
0
NA
4,342,281
4,003,843
3,659,358
NA
13
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
4
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
12,994
13,333
14,339
NA
0
0
0
NA
2,159,280
2,188,040
2,891,581
NA
0
0
0
NA
5,164
95,414
572,206
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
158
1,000
1,538
1,040
2,183,118
2,208,104
1,802,151
3,270,219
55,407
27,996
36,229
14,074
243,593
192,250
315,500
2,877,574
836
0
34
14,000
0
0
0
0
934,464
857,363
1,202,571
5,149,843
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1,600
1,805
750
1,000
0
280,113
388,948
580,777
1,521,069
0
0
0
0
6,148
15,534
4,134
1,091
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
0
0
0
0
3,869,033
4,280,712
4,886,399
13,814,023
258
2,355
255
646
9,483
5,295
4,800
53,441
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
265
0
250
0
0
0
0
1,760
'1,155
12,906
761
140
250
250
0
5
5
255
500
0
0
0
250
374,821
25,877
33,600
386,355
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
0
0
10
480
2,603,266
2,162,844
1,197,508
5,303,543
14,017
5,467
259
195,013
105,929
157,425
251,349
3,976,682
0
0
0
0
250
0
500
0
94,962
164,205
427,320
488,732
0
0
0
0
26,948
3,167
4,961
0
31
0
5
250
269
482
34
3,320
0
0
0
0
48,801
9,597
76,669
16,626
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
0
505
509
737,831
743,381
0
0
0
946
0
0
660
21,803
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23,550
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
35
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
158
1,000
1,548
NA
18,174,931
17,522,059
18,358,123
NA
253,093
201,298
203,115
NA
4,704,067
4,358,813
4,235,815
NA
849
0
34
NA
250
0
500
NA
1,029,426
1,021,837
1,648,811
NA
0
0
0
NA
41,703
17,656
32,206
NA
1,976
1,000
1,255
NA
2,439,667
2,577,475
3,472,647
NA
0
0
0
NA
435,004
146,422
686,609
NA
259
-------
ifin?
Chapter 3—Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered},®
Continued,
CAS
Number©
1 10-86- 1
91-22-5
106-51-4
82-68-8
81-07-2
94-59-7
7782-49-2
__
7440-22-4
—
100-42-S
96-09-3
Chemical
Pyridine
Quinoline
Quinone
Quintozcne
Saccharin
(manufacturing)
Safrole
Selenium
Selenium compounds
Silver
Silver compounds
Styrene
Styrcne oxide
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
35
31
35
31
21
24
28
34
4
5
4
5
12
10
11
6
2
2
3
4
No
No
No
2
12
15
12
24
40
46
41
17
66
67
65
72
60
56
55
46
1,489
1,448
1,445
1,247
5
5
5
6
Fugitive or
Nonpohit Air
Emissions
Pounds
67,605
49,402
55,736
143,881
7,665
4,281
20,641
31,633
9,900
14,000
6,100
4,600
1.771
1,516
766
750
60
50
62
250
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
42,298
53,474
78,003
107,918
19,757
19,963
17,471
17,717
2,101
2,101
18,002
6,700
787
778
774
314
20
251
252
500
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
1,409
899
10,203
2,158
35
50
75
502
1,600
1,400
4
140
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Underground
Injection
Pounds
358,200
412,200
508,615
491,775
63.000
63,000
59.000
0
0
0
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
49
9
1,125
571
195
46
896
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reports Received
Reports Received
Reports Received
250
88
334
30
2,251
3,519
2,802
4,183
2,251
7,047
4,447
3,262
11,480
2,732
6,476
6,977
5,991
13,761,915
12,883,351
12,002,838
12,910.160
1
304
304
511
250
367
1,200
1,033
14,031
59,865
74,934
28,406
12,255
3,643
2,653
3,517
36,508
15,372
15,147
22,673
9.415
25,587,630
20,505,855
19,557,257
21,063,838
60
46
64
1,803
0
113
0
0
1,168
2,470
557
663
250
421
318
140
1,654
6,580
9,069
9,639
8,684
75,579
28,274
23,502
59,069
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,410
2,300
3,700
3,400
250
210
0
0
140
100
24
250
250,861
132,607
83,170
165
0
0
0
0
0
7
256
5
127,508
120,086
120,271
99,116
45,750
270
1,000
500
39,510
26,743
20,376
20,318
11,550
480,863
178,080
304,479
242,941
0
0
0
0
Total
Releases
Pounds
469,512
516,024
652,566
746,857
91.028
87.489
97,233
50,748
13,601
17,501
24,133
11,440
2,558
2,294
1,540
1,064
80
301
314
750
500
575
1,790
1,068
144,958
189,350
200,864
136,068
63,906
11,631
8,628
7.419
89,152
51,567
51,168
59,631
35,890
40,156,848
33,728,167
31.971,246
34,276,173
61
350
368
2,314
260
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
Pyridine
Quinoline
Quinone
Quintozene
Saccharin
(manufacturing)
Safrole
Selenium
Selenium compounds
Silver
Silver compounds
%
Styrene
Styrene oxide
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling©
Pounds
' 4,178
3,609
0
NA
4,178
3,609
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
170,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
No
No
No
NA
28,325
27,911
38,463
NA
136,856
229,327
271,338
NA
860,831
796,669
1,029,844
NA
1,498,528
1,450,290
976,578
NA
1,427,391
1,109,823
1,070,539
NA
0
0
0
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
129,674
184,027
506,275
NA
7,500
16,015
210
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
373
NA
0
0
0
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
176,387
93,910
331,554
56,729
38,602
1,952
5,001
4,945
26,186
6,776
0
280
543,692
522,354
452,527
0
0
25,625
9,550
0
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
350,839
309,895
199,015
275,083
260
505
260
6,406
0
0
0
250
1,012
515
26
250
10
12
259
7,900
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
1,201
4,977
4,541
40,699
5,054
5,997
2,160
6,242
0
0
0
0
161
478
SO
12,625
1,400
840
1,100
750
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reports Received
Reports Received
Reports Received
NA
0
0
0
NA
255
0
1,270
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
5,365,111
5,215,555
8,588,931
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
1,200
2,984
462
3,145
31,492
11,002
26,982
1,631
36,766
8,005
4,797
23,875
5,876
2,229
1,912
8,986
4,042,166
3,106,560
3,213,743
5,696,394
0
0
0
0
250
15
260
57
1,250
307
1,421
1,341
1,860
591
1,935
1,858
3,624
2,808
6,451
4,235
8,078
117.879
130,897
254,681
479,085
0
0
0
250
0
20
3,776
3,440
2,617
25,216
39,415
40,133
61,116
3,940
1,922
9,802
3,263
10,462
14,219
8,190
3,139
4,408,316
2,065,268
2,328,509
2,009,546
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
5
500
0
5
0
0
0
0
3,900
0
16,232
0
500
2,830
47,515
5
20,908
1,260,446
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
662,279
596,418
1,041,385
NA
55,594
28,078
7,881
NA
26,186
6,776
0
NA
544,865
523,347
622,976
NA
1,410
26,477
10,909
NA
NA
29,560
34,931
42,427
NA
194,126
281,170
341,064
NA
902,128
808,531
1,050,201
NA
1,533,906
1,473,189
991,415
NA
15,408,378
11,628,108
15,477,31 1
NA
0
0
0
NA
261
-------
Chapter 3-
J
Year-to-Year Comparison of TRl Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRl Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),©
Continued.
CAS
Number^J)
79-34-5
127-18-4
961-11-5
7440-28-0
_
62-55-5
62-56-6
1314-20-1
7550-45-0
108-88-3
584-84-9
91-08-7
Chemical
1,1,2,2-Tcira-
chloroe thane
Tetrachloroethylene
Tctrachlorvinphos
Thallium
Thallium compounds
Thioaeetnmide
Thiourca
Thorium dioxide
Titanium tetrachloride
Toluene
Tolucne-2,4-diiso-
cyanate
Tolucne-2,6-diiso-
cyanate
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94 '
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Fugitive or Stack or
Nonpoint Air Point Air
Forms Emissions Emissions
Pounds Pounds
16 ' 10,227 2,257
15 24,640 3,563
17 28,117 20,782
13 25,904 17,961
459 4,671,751 5,530,378
490 4,538,411 6,634,275
519 5,305,402 7,389,816
746 16,336,282 19,786.265
5 10 258
4 260 270
5 260 2,575
6 250 1
1 5 250
1 5 250
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
1 0 36
No Reports Received
2 255 500
4 1 252
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
1 250 250
27 1,155 2,017
26 857 515
29 660 557
26 1,504 500
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 5
3 230 1,350
37 16,051 6.298
38 19,012 5,610
41 24,186 4,094
41 38,614 40,054
3,566 57,656,473 110,561,812
3,643 62,341,544 117,599,735
3,822 66,454,153 130,047,883
3,999 105,716,267 192,930,207
76 9,705 25,736
76 4,861 54,042
84 6,298 11,481
257 46,634 118,428
47 3,019 5,484
44 2,240 4,509
52 2,477 3,940
189 153,253 338,939
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
1,517
2,930
5,164
1,903
3,872
10,152
10,317
33,314
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,539
2,611
727
16,951
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
82,751
1 19,858
84,327
197,208
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Underground
Injection
Pounds
26
0
0
0
4,051
15,041
12,780
72,250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,000
5,300
5,300
5,940
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
496,440
967,496
1,573,901
1,473,666
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
1
0
29
4,349
618.026
9.354
82,144
0
0
0
0
755
755
0
505
250
0
250
288
256
750
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
1,400
161,205
239,798
709.469
731,449
0
0
250
1,040
0
0
250
510
Total
Releases
Pounds
14,027
31,134
54,063
45,797
10,214,401
11,815,905
12,727,669
36,310,255
273
535
2,840
251
1.010
1,010
36
1,260
503
500
11,961
9,571
7,500
25,645
0
0
5
1,580
22,349
24,722
28,280
80,068
168,958,681
181,268,431
198,869,733
301,048,797
35,441
58,903
18,029
166,102
8,503
6,749
6,667
492,702
262
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
1,1,2,2-Tetra-
chloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachlorvinphos
Thallium
Thallium compounds
Thioacetamide
Tfriourea
Thorium dioxide
Titanium tetrachloride
Toluene
To!uene-2,4-diiso-
cyanate
Toluene-2,6-diiso-
cyanate
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling© Recover}© Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
2,227,120 0 40,807
1,737,712 0 32,733
1,446,254 0 65,142
NA NA 74,982
7,415,291 855,782 2,066,219
6,277,898 823,697 2,397,043
8,001,820 744,395 1,994,929
NA NA 4,059,045
0 0 16,904
0 0 4,310
0 0 135,100
NA NA 40,210
5,040 0 250
750 0 0
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
000
No Reports Received
75,905 0 3,900
NA NA 250
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
No Reports Received
NA NA 250
0 0 1,821
0 0 2,645
0 0 2,698
NA NA 2,511
000
000
000
NA NA 0
3,500 0 317,482
0 86 2,958,898
0 0 3,276,833
NA NA 1,667,045
23,471,806 80,113,663 21,780,558
31,265,466 81,278,013 22,359,287
30,153,330 79,611,629 19,932,375
NA NA 47,861,070
59,100 26,282 30,181
81,888 16,620 59,063
7,400 1,020 45,644
NA NA 193,439
8,922 6,232 1,489
20,497 4,746 340
1,770 48 15,433
NA NA 45,287
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
0
155
8,113
400
62,053
111,002
111,517
558,691
7
17
29
2
5
5
0
5
6
0
1,860
1,534
25,925
26,634
0
0
5
250
0
0
0
0
940,281
1,038,026
1,051,400
3,594,036
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
250
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
52
80
273
128,750
73,514
56,340
113,324
1,385,378
2,948
8,825
104,680
9,270
0
0
0
250
1,000
0
2,572
2,446
17,087
2,303
0
42,000
64,000
677,549
150
16
39,000
0
936,839
1,142,544
943,857
9,569,460
3,523
9,938
1,499
36,178
935
2,010
475
9,444
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
0
250
9,709
157,406
138,270
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,020
88,618
123,419
4,651,820
0
0
2,050
3
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
2,267,979
1,770,680
1,519,782
NA
10,473,109
9,675,689
11,123,391
NA
19,859
13,152
239,809
NA
5,295
755
0
80,060
NA
NA
6,253
6,625
45,710
NA
0
42,000
64,005
NA
321,132
2,959,000
3,315,833
NA
127,247,167
137,171,954
131,816,010
NA
1 19,086
167,509
57,613
NA
17,578
27,593
17,726
NA
263
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29, Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued,
CAS
Number®
95-53-4
52-68-6
120-82-1
71-55-6
79-00-5
79-01-6
9S-95-4
88-06-2
1582-09-8
95-63-6
51-79-6
7440-62-2
Chemical
o-Toluidine
Ttichlorfon
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1 , 1 , 1 -Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroelhylene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Tnchtorophenol
Trifluralin
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Urethane
Vanadium (fume or dust)
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
23
20
19
18
3
3
4
5
33
41
51
56
1,207
2,111
3,210
3,915
23
24
24
29
783
790
681
951
No
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
9,770
15,421
5,255
19,196
5
5
5
250
30,090
103,567
219,941
438,009
20,070,741
33,199,831
57,760,109
92,995,587
41,184
104,452
85,953
618,608
14,788,788
14,524,316
15,585,757
26,168,126
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
2,365
2,980
2,237
27,726
2
1
253
3
137,190
161,123
195,606
1,094,904
17,981,336
31,568563
59,857,572
87,654,575
268,938
210,700
476,132
1,122,834
15,083,085
15,939,964
14,866,100
29,759,510
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
534
1,266
310
1,902
9
7
9
0
970
1,148
995
31,628
1,980
11,146
13,707
95,624
914
2,030
1,163
5,303
1,671
5,220
8,606
13,801
Underground
Injection
Pounds
30,300
24,600
31,800
250
0
0
0
0
15,200
5,118
1,200
7,408
102
2,528
561
1,000
0
0
0
0
288
460
466
390
Releases
to Land
Pounds
.6
.'7
6,823
5,024
0
0
0
0
830
1,781
2,680
3,073
2,732
42,743
76,131
204,923
0
5
7
89
4,417
8,212
20,726
21,186
Reports Received
No Reports Received
1
1
1
1
1
3
19
17
20
17
753
708
652
288
4
3
5
11
12
13
14
33
0
1
116
0
7
0
11,795
12,185
10,637
2,020
2,618,939
2,473,335
2,391,773
2,020,818
11,050
12,200
3,200
140,500
902
4,779
2,022
3,145
0
90
83
69
79
250
3,253
5,475
2,672
1,257
5,122,541
4,372,411
3,136,365
2,321,249
0
0
0
4,623
5,421
6,411
11,933
14,033
0
0
65
56
1
50
6
10
290
601
9,163
17,552
8,554
10,088
0
0
0
0
3,000
3.200
4,250
4,704
0
0
0
0
0
12,000
0
0
0
0
187
1,293
14,409
7,964
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
5
10
0
14,957
53,744
518,602
61,583
0
0
0
0
31,700
36,000
83,250
87,296
Total
Releases
Pounds
42,975
44,274
46,425
54,098
16
13
267
253
184.280
272,737
420,422
1,575,022
38,056,891
64,824,511
117,708,080
180,951,709
311,036
317,187
563,255
1,746,834
29,878.249
30,478.172
30,481,655
55,963,013
0
91
264
125
87
12,300
15,304
17.675
13,609
3,878
7,765,787
6,918,335
6.069.703
4,421,702
11,050
12,200
3,200
145,123
41,023
50,390
101,455
109,178
264
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRl Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
o-Toluidine
Trichlorfon
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichtoroethylene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Trifluralin
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Urelhane
Vanadium (fume or dust)
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
83
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling©
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
10,715
520
48,070
NA
6,983,705
14,617,408
23,438,452
NA
11,159,898
12,136,563
8,905,509
NA
8,304,071
7,012,395
6,818,377
NA
No
No
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
250
NA
1,125.561
1,475,226
453,01 1
NA
0
0
0
NA
7,336
43
92
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery®
Pounds
1 10,648
41,913
232,901
NA
0
0
0
NA
42,171
30,930
80,454
NA
1,845,839
2,329,613
3,649,426
NA
135,425
23,308
1,000
NA
1,183,610
1,206,942
969,513
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
49,767
29,039
11,182
31,500
174
272
3,109
1,079
29,441,588
623,1 1 1
1,548,060
734,243
2,323,066
3,620,022
4,211,910
12,119,277
4,706,576
3,995,573
3,221,849
239,032
2,369,771
1,691,097
1,721,494
4,691,284
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
131,476
86,591
2,412
15.172
0
0
0
215
101,302
168,814
183,020
262,676
6,439
60,463
119,263
305,358
3,100
1,600
1,200
750
50,325
42,987
70,149
85,652
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
302
56
188
670
19
0
274
487
52,908
18,276
42,753
164,144
162,877
274,009
613,824
5,958,322
171
592
219
19,810
86,465
232,950
248,714
1,466,469
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
72,131
1,901
166,570
1,311,943
0
0
0
1,000
363,668
207
49,621
352,114
Reports Received
Reports Received
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
5
NA
2,317,836
3,017,296
2,260,851
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
13,547
17,628
44,573
149,989
246,044
265,493
233,096
330,046
0
0
4,700
3,558
33,476
1,080
849
1,858
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
67
32
371
1 10,864
167,924
180,857
501,717
6,939
5,900
6,400
260
0
5
5
0
0
20
0
0
0
10
20,816
18,856
25,332
40,557
54,271
43,534
53,186
200,616
4,274
46,360
3,200
1,350
7,938
6,405
9,769
91,559
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,052
4,386
38,117
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
292,193
157,599
246,683
NA
193
272
3,383
NA
29,648,684
841,651
1,902,357
NA
11,394,057
20,903,416
32,199,445
NA
16,005,170
16,157,636
12,129,777
NA
12,357,910
10,186,578
9,877,868
NA
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
34,613
36,551
70,192
NA
3,854,576
4,972,525
3,185,387
NA
11,213
52,260
14,300
NA
48,750
7,533
10,715
NA
265
-------
Chapters— Year-to-Year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 {Alphabetically Ordered},®
Continued.
CAS
Number®
108-05-4
593-60-2
75-01-4
75-35-4
1330-20-7
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
87-62-7
7440-66-6
—
12122-67-7
Chemical
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinyltdene chloride
Xylcnc (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylenc
p-Xylene
2,6-Xylidine
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zinc compounds
Zineb
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Forms
157
156
152
146
1
2
2
2
43
45
50
53
22
24
23
21
3,346
3,419
3,497
3,464
56
61
70
68
74
81
85
66
41
50
46
48
5
5
3
2
410
423
458
646
2,458
2,498
2,442
1,646
No
No
No
2
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,397,331
1,195,872
1,079,653
1,470,618
220
257
28,300
4,000
340,426
312,117
387,719
421,882
35,324
67,777
65,139
104,552
24,902,804
26,208,883
27,046,106
34,814,467
691,694
1,266,772
906,961
1,480,104
905,818
1,331,688
1,455,884
1,613,292
808,400
1,271,866
1,042,431
1,737,827
59
83
33
0
767,882
832,488
673,588
1,944,168
1,891,457
1,471,020
1,536,611
3,243,130
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
2,629,552
3,002,623
3,076,193
4,450,979
2,400
1,400
4,600
950
725,809
708,071
731,384
1,017,307
130,372
137,037
188,781
191,801
83,430,835
86,465,495
86,330,920
123,733,370
270,742
424,684
387,026
982,939
485,704
641,434
683,067
628,522
2,612,682
3,170,839
3,137,671
4,340,922
122
27
26
337
896,245
854,213
912,987
1,515,369
3,063,796
2,728,705
2,668,560
3,999,172
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
1,386
1,344
7,208
10,021
0
0
0
400
377
277
902
2,051
215
192
1,306
3,462
43,961
53,046
42,898
204,480
893
2,798
1,397
2,566
1,148
1,180
1,868
2,786
9,690
749
1,868
3,200
66
387
0
1,537
28,373
67,508
47,289
849,544
1,438,199
1,051,148
1,045,355
1,201,534
Underground Releases
Injection to Land
Pounds Pounds
648,667
1,408,698
1,616,385
2,109,851
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
53
0
0
0
170
313,711
213,157
219,270
144,728
250
5
5
0
250
5
5
250
250
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
120,000
140,010
196,498
175,893
126,947
109,555
1,775
1,626
5,249
18,889
0
0
0
0
6
6
3,106
4,409
0
20
14
429
244,726
247,432
1,357,601
558,257
2,708
3,751
6,189
18,045
2,959
1,155
5,967
22,461
587
631
4,101
49,226
0
0
0
0
Total
Releases
Pounds
4,678,711
5,610,163
5,784,688
8,060,358
2,620
1,657
32,900
5,350
1,066,619
1,020,471
1,123,112
1,445,702
165,91 1
205,026
255,240
300,414
108,936,037
113,188,013
114,996,795
159,455,302
966,287
1,698,010
1,301,578
2,483,654
1.395,879
1,975,462
2,146,791
2,267,311
3,431,609
4,444,090
4,186,076
6,131,175
247
497
59
1,874
8,462,944 10,155,449
10,449,327 12,203,536
15,309,034 17,062,898
25,617,365 30,066,456
75,174,770 81,764,720
64,507,325 69,934,091
76,899,635 82,277,108
113,293,211 121,846,602
Reports Received
Reports Received
Reports Received
250
1,000
0
0
0 1,250
266
-------
Chapters— Kear-ro-Vear Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
Chemical
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidene chloride
Xylene (mixed Ssomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
2,6-Xylidine
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zinc compounds
Zineb
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
Transfers
to Recycling©
Pounds
253,854
826,452
1,139,485
NA
0
0
0
NA
68,273
151,324
158,159
NA
140
5
0
NA
39,649,939
36,891,444
39,508,723
NA
30,573
27,264
10,331
NA
49,741
7,223
135,247
NA
1,991
1,427
215
NA
0
0
0
NA
82,615,377
76,516,683
63,563,398
NA
247,420,257
212,080,712
232,532,1 18
NA
No
No
No
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery©
Pounds
7,855,391
8,465,964
5,898,038
NA
0
0
0
NA
14,301
11,613
2,731
NA
250
8
0
NA
75,959,775
70,727,778
64,900,375
NA
45,869
116,095
93,296
NA
2,555,757
1,882,351
2,327,216
NA
19,608
71,806
46,909
NA
0
0
0
NA
137,918
101,557
102,319
NA
410,019
281,395
348,629
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
1,165,477
1,484,282
838,232
354,698
0
0
0
0
158,536
25,360
23,926
669,044
223,917
162,129
104,102
360,958
8,576,503
6,962,089
6,451,165
27,183,380
8,847
23,518
132,920
113,311
265,893
29,362
48,815
95,764
3,669
16,138
8,020
48,320
459
625
0
0
689,480
661,883
1,367,953
7,667,102
10,296,543
10,822,561
9,624,879
16,982,721
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
218,412
278,715
190,754
2,319,733
0
0
0
0
326
343
474
17,104
287
201
260
3,303
645,816
655,657
804,964
4,160,974
3.331
33,378
156,993
19,708
61,941
22,262
53,212
44,023
1,457
31,980
70,927
752
263
0
0
0
38,613
34,894
156,131
835,961
472,619
524,600
592,395
1,527,292
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
111,072
28,055
395,519
21,811
0
0
0
0
20,740
18,091
11,694
4,555
2,031
1
0
44,281
1,182,194
998,167
1,257,316
6,463,942
150,720
100,441
72,851
107,746
7,030
51,219
11,067
52,881
3,295
5,794
10,681
31,108
0
0
0
0
2,984,324
2,020,057
5,579,335
29,642,266
92,862,229
88,395,459
46,123,732
66,020,038
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
0
34,000
5,600
20,015
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.188
0
0
0
0
21,007
11,201
111,864
3,812,882
0
0
0
115
0
0
0
12,864
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
500
100,499
4,776,287
72,810
2,428
3,449,466
1,416,608
Reports Received
Reports Received
Reports Received
NA
250
0
2,600
0
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
9,604,206
11,117,468
8,467,628
NA
0
0
0
NA
262,176
206,731
196,984
NA
226,625
162,344
104,362
NA
126,035,234
116,246,336
113,034,407
NA
239,340
300,696
466,391
NA
2,940,362
1,992,417
2,575,557
NA
30,020
127,145
136,752
NA
722
625
0
NA
86,465,962
79,335,574
70,869,635
NA
351,534,477
312,107,155
292,671,219
NA
NA
267
-------
Chapter 3 — year-to-year Comparison of TRI Data
Table 3-29. Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals Reported, 1988,1992-1994 (Alphabetically Ordered),®
Continued.
CAS
Number® Chemical
— Mixtures and other
trade name products
Trade secrets
Total
Year Forms
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
54
49
62
174
19
12
14
5
66,777
68,567
70,238
66,571
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
201,606
75,687
41,189
628,029
630
0
750
0
350,014,102
379,451,734 1
440,840,803 1
685,997,724 1
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
15,070
18,502
20,460
2,822,591
34,860
320
47,900
0
990,966,389
,005,991,244
,119,159,910
,566,906,709
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
5
0
0
59,210
0
0
0
0
47,011,773
203,003,168
195,589,595
176,726,741
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
306,651,731
294,846,947
366,495,726
625,967,221
Releases
to Land
Pounds
3,442
1
32,950
16,099
0
0
0
0
282,267,922
274,062,285
327.557.956
48
3,451,877
Total
Releases
Pounds
220,123
94,190
94,599
3,525,929
35,490
320
48,650
0
1,976,911,917
2,157,355,378
2,449,643,990
3,536,050,272
268
-------
Chapter 3 — Year-to-Year Comparison of TRl Data
Table 3-29, Cont.
' Chemical
Mixtures and other
trade name products
Trade secrets
Total
Year
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
88
94
93
92
• 88
Transfers
to Recycling^?
Pounds
16,656
450,176
350,077
NA
597,825
397,675
0
NA
2,233,603,858
2,057,075,702
2,609,433,782
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery®
Pounds
29,231
7,137
39,536
NA
750
0
0
NA
462,709,225
446,763,037
430,564,881
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
259,163
489,404
1,431,749
749,408
0
221,020
561,920
19,000
290,143,755
254,474,939
256,555,922
396,163,102
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
2,006
1,297
1,676
186,938
0
0
0
0
180,440,724
186,346,945
225,951,692
297,347.493
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
11,748
66,985
1,554,007
10,661,927
0
0
0
0
280,466,676
266,530,507
216,682,649
437,216,182
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
1,450
0
0
190,046
0
0
0
0
3,527,303
1,715,096
13,028,083
42,332,939
Total
Transfers®
Pounds
320,254
1,014,999
3,377,045
NA
598,575
618,695
561,920
NA
3,450,891,541
3,212.906,226
3,752,217,009
NA
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
NA: Transfers for recycling or energy recovery were not required to be reported for 1988.
For 1992, 1993, and 1994, transfers reported with no waste management codes or invalid codes. For 1988, transfers reported
with no waste management codes, invalid codes, or codes not required to be reported in 1988.
Because transfers for recycling or energy recovery were not required to be reported in 1988, total transfers in 1988 are
not comparable to total transfers reported for 1992, 1993, or 1994.
The quantity of benzidine reported as released to air in 1994 is a reporting error from one facility. The facility intends to revise
this estimate to zero.
269
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Chapter 4
TRI Reporting Profiles
for 33/50 Program Chemicals
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
TRI REPORTING PROFILES FOR
33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS
INTRODUCTION
The 33/50 Program, an EPA voluntary pollution
reduction initiative, derives its name from its
overall goals—an interim goal of a 33% reduc-
tion in 1992 and an ultimate goal of a 50%
reduction in 1995 in releases and transfers of 17
high-priority toxic chemicals, using 1988 TRI
reporting as a baseline. During 1988, 1.49
billion pounds of the target chemicals were
either released to the environment on-site or
transferred off-site to waste management facili-
ties. The aim of the 33/50 Program was to
reduce this amount by at least 50%—747 mil-
lion pounds—by 1995, with an interim reduc-
tion target of more than 493 million pounds by
1992.
The 33/50 Program, the grandparent of EPA's
growing array of voluntary environmental
programs, represented at its inception an
innovative experiment aimed at demonstrating
whether voluntary partnerships can augment the
Agency's traditional command-and-control
approach by achieving targeted reductions more
quickly than would regulations alone. The
positive results from this experiment in
corporate environmental voluntarism are best
33/50 Hits the Mark!
The 33/50 Program achieved overall reductions of 50.7% in 1994, a full year ahead of the 1995 target
date for a 50% reduction. All told, 757 million pounds of releases and transfers have been eliminated
since the 1988 baseline year for the program.
Other notable 33/50 achievements include:
• The 1,300 companies participating in 33/50 are projecting continued reductions in 1995 and 1996.
» The 17 chemicals targeted by 33/50 have been reduced at nearly twice the rate of other TRI
chemicals, since 1991 when the Program began.
• 33/50 participants have gone well beyond their commitments, achieving 50% more than the amount
of reductions originally pledged to the program.
• 33/50 participants are achieving reductions at a much faster rate than other companies—50% vs. 30%
from 1991 through 1994 and 60% vs. 35% since 1988.
• Overall generation of production-related waste for the 33/50 chemicals has declined slightly since
1991 and is projected to continue declining, even as waste for all other TRI chemicals increases.
• 33/50 chemicals are more frequently targeted for source reduction than other TRI chemicals.
Box 4-1. 33/50 Program Highlights
273
-------
;j**y» Chapter 4—TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
reflected in the rapid expansion of EPA volun-
tary programs since 33/50 was announced in
February 1991. The 33/50 Program is now one
of 27 voluntary partnership programs and
initiatives underway at EPA.
The 33/50 Program is also part of a broad group
of EPA activities designed to encourage pollu-
tion prevention as the best means of achieving
reductions in toxic chemical releases and
transfers. The hallmark of 33/50's response to
this challenge is its top-down approach. More
than 20,000 TRI facilities have reported 33/50
Program chemicals to TRI since 1988. By
contacting the chief executives of nearly 9,000
parent companies of these facilities, the Program
seeks to instill a pollution prevention ethic
throughout the highest echelons of American
business.
At the time the 33/50 Program was formulated,
1988 was the most recent year for which
national TRI data were available, and the Pro-
gram's baseline and goals were set accordingly.
Reductions that companies achieved between
1988 and 1990 therefore contribute to the 33/50
Program's national reduction goals. However,
these prior reductions should not be viewed as
resulting from the 33/50 Program, as companies
were first informed about the Program in
February 1991.
Many states, a number of industry associations,
and numerous individual companies include
33/50 Program chemicals within the scope of
their own environmental initiatives. Twenty-six
states had established toxics use reduction and
pollution prevention programs prior to estab-
lishment of the 33/50 Program, and these
contributed to its design. Others have used the
33/50 Program as a model. EPA views the 33/50
Program as an umbrella under which the federal
government, states, industry, and communities
work in partnership to achieve common goals.
Any progress in reducing releases and transfers
of 33/50 Program chemicals reflects the efforts
of all these partners.
Analyses of 33/50 Program progress consider
only those data elements that facilities were
required to report in 1988: environmental
releases and transfers off-site for treatment and
disposal (including transfers to POTWs).
Transfers off-site for energy recovery and for
recycling are not included in 33/50 Program
goals. These data, along with waste manage-
ment data (also reported to TRI only since 1991)
for the 17 target chemicals, are presented and
analyzed in this chapter, but do not contribute to
assessments of the 33/50 Program's progress in
meeting its national pollution reduction goals.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Findings revealed in the 1994 TRI reporting
data are summarized below. The data them-
selves are presented in subsequent sections.
33/50 Program's National 50% Reduction
Goal Achieved Ahead of Schedule
« Releases and transfers of 33/50 Program
chemicals were reduced by an additional
62 million pounds (7.8%) in 1994, bringing
total reductions since 1988 to 757 million
pounds and exceeding the Program's
ultimate 1995 50% national pollution
reduction goal by more than 10 million
pounds a full year ahead of schedule (see
Figure 4-1).
• 33/50's interim 1992 33% reduction goal
was also achieved a year early, and reduc-
tions through 1992 exceeded the interim
goal by more than 100 million pounds.
• Facilities are projecting continued
reductions in their releases and transfers of
274
-------
Chapter 4— TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Millions of Pounds
1,750
1,500-
1,250 -
1,000
750
500
250-
1992 Goal:
1001 Million
Pounds
1995 Goal:
747 Million
Pounds
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Figure 4-1. TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals, 1988-1994.Q
33/50 Program chemicals in 1995 and 1996,
demonstrating that American industry's
commitment to voluntary environmental
action is not ending with the achievement of
the Program's namesake goals,
33/50 Program Chemicals
Outpace Other TRI Reductions
• Releases and transfers for treatment and
disposal of 33/50 Program chemicals were
reduced at more than twice the rate observed
for all other TRI chemicals from 1993 to
1994 (7.8% vs. 3.5%).
• Since the Program's announcement in 1991,
33/50 chemical reductions have outpaced
reductions for all other TRI chemicals by
nearly two to one (41.6% vs. 22.3%).
33/50 Program Participants
Account for Most Reductions
• Since the Program began in 1991, facilities
owned by companies enrolled as 33/50
participants reduced releases and transfers of
the Program's 17 target chemicals by 49.5%,
while non-participating companies' facilities
Q Does not include amounts for transfers to recycling and energy recovery reported for 1991-1994,
275
-------
Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
achieved only a 30,3% reduction. Since
1988, participants outpaced non-participants
60% vs. 35%.
* 33/50 participants accounted for nearly half
(46%) of the total reduction in Program
chemical releases and transfers in the last
year. Since the Program began in 1991,
participants have accounted for 70% of the
reductions, and 561 million pounds (74%) of
the 757 million pounds reduced since 1988.
Air Emissions Account for Majority
of 33/50 Program Reductions
» Nearly three-quarters of the reductions in
33/50 Program releases and transfers since
1988 (557 million pounds) were achieved
through reduced air emissions (fugitive and
stack).
Organic Chemicals Dominate
Inorganics in 33/50 Program Reductions
• The 11 organic chemicals included among
33/50's 17 target chemicals accounted for
93% (706 million pounds) of 33/50 Program
reductions between 1988 and 1994, while
inorganics accounted for 7%.
• The percentage reduction in releases and
transfers of organics was also much larger
from 1988 to 1994 than for inorganics (53%
vs. 31%).
33/50 Program Chemicals in
Production-related Waste
Projected to Decline
• Total production-related waste associated
with 33/50 Program chemicals increased
slightly (1.6%) from 1993 to 1994, but at a
1993-
1994
1994- 1995-
1995 1996
Projected
Figure 4-2, Percent Change in Total Production-
related Waste, 33/50 Chemicals vs.
Other TRI Chemicals, 1991-1996.0
significantly lower rate than observed for
other TRI chemicals in waste (5.8%) (see
Figure 4-2).
• Since 1991, 33/50 chemicals in waste have
been reduced slightly (1%), compared with
an increase of more than 9% for other TRI
chemicals in waste.
» 33/50 chemicals in waste are projected to
decline by 4.5% in 1995 and more than 7%
by 1996, while facilities expect other TRI
chemicals in waste to continue increasing
(4.3% in 1995 and 6% by 1996).
Data for 1991 as reported on 1991 forms; data for 1992 as reported on 1992 forms; all other years from 1994 forms. Does not
include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
276
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Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
• Facilities owned by 33/50 Program partici-
pating companies reported a slight increase
in production-related waste (0.2%) while
facilities owned by non-participating parent
companies reported a 3.4% increase.
• Participating companies' facilities project a
13.4% decrease in production-related waste
of 33/50 chemicals by 1996, compared to a
1.2% increase projected by non-participants.
33/50 Program Chemicals Targeted
for Greater Source Reduction Activities
• Nearly a third of the Form Rs submitted for
33/50 Program chemicals reported the
occurrence of a source reduction activity in
1994, compared to a fifth of the forms for
other TRI chemicals.
• Nearly 7,000 source reduction activity
reports were submitted for the seventeen
33/50 chemicals, representing more than
40% of all source reduction activities
reported to TRI for 1994.
• Individual 33/50 Program chemicals had
some of the highest levels of source reduc-
tion activity reporting in 1994. The top three
TRI chemicals for number of forms report-
ing source reduction activities in 1994 were
33/50 Program targets, and several others
are among the top 50.
COMPANY PARTICIPATION
IN THE 33/50 PROGRAM
While the 33/50 Program did not have a fixed
goal for the number of companies electing to
participate, the Program nonetheless placed
considerable emphasis on outreach to com-
panies in an effort to promote a pollution
prevention ethic as widely as possible.
Numbers of Companies Participating
Initial communications about the 33/50 Program
were directed to the chief executive officers of
the parent companies of the more than 20,000
industrial facilities that reported to TRI any of
the Program's 17 target chemicals from 1988 to
1994. At the close of the Program's fifth and
final year in February 1996, nearly 9,000
companies had been contacted by EPA with
invitations to participate. Of these, nearly 1,300
companies (14.4%) elected to enroll (see Figure
4-3). Releases and transfers reported by facili-
ties belonging to these companies represent 63%
of the 1988 releases and transfers of
33/50 Program chemicals and 51% of the 1994
quantities.
The "Top 600" companies with the greatest
amounts of releases and transfers were the first
to be contacted and were the focus of greater
outreach follow-up from the Program's head-
quarters and Regional Office staffs. This
concentration on larger companies proved quite
effective, with more than 60% of these compa-
nies electing to participate. However, less than
13% of the nearly 7,500 smaller companies
chose to enroll.
Reductions Pledged by
Participating Companies
While the Program's national goals were
targeted for achievement by 1992 and 1995 (and
achieved ahead of schedule), companies were
encouraged to set their own reduction goals
oriented to their own time frames. Nearly 1,100
(85%) of the 1,300 participating companies
provided release/transfer reduction targets for
33/50 Program chemicals totalling 385 million
pounds. Reduction commitments averaged
slightly less than 50% per participating
company.
277
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?MM Chapter 4—TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Participants
Number of Companies
Pledged Reductions
Millions of Pounds
1,400
1,200 -
1,000-
800-
600-
400-
200-
354 355 368 377
1,400
- 1,200
- 1,000
- 800
•600
-400
-200
July Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Jan. July Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Jan.
'91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96
Figure 4*3. 33/50 Program Participant Status, January 1996.
Most of the remaining Program participants also
developed reduction targets, but have structured
them in ways that are difficult to assess against
the 1988 release/transfer baseline. For example,
some companies have reduction goals that are
indexed to changes in production. If production
remains constant throughout the duration of the
Program, these can be read as direct reductions
targets. However, where production increases or
decreases, the absolute impact of the company's
reduction pledge cannot be determined in
advance. Accordingly, EPA has not factored
these commitments into its assessment of total
release/transfer reductions anticipated to be
obtained through the 33/50 Program.
Other Program participants have developed
reduction goals that go beyond the goals of the
33/50 Program. Some have pledged to reduce all
TRI releases and transfers by specified amounts
or percentages, but have not indicated specific
targets for 33/50 Program chemicals. Others
have gone beyond targeting end-of-pipe releases
or transfers by attempting to reduce their actual
use of toxic chemicals, but have not stipulated
the impact such pollution prevention initiatives
will have on environmental releases of 33/50
Program chemicals. As a result, the 385 million
pounds of release/transfer reductions represent a
lower bound on the reductions that companies
attempted under the 33/50 Program.
278
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Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals w^rg*
Actual Reductions Outpacing Pledges
As evidenced in the TRI reporting data, actual
reductions being achieved by companies for the
Program's 17 target chemicals are exceeding
significantly EPA's conservative interpretation
of companies' reduction pledges. The 757 mil-
lion pounds of 33/50 Program chemical releases
and transfers reduced between 1988 and 1994 is
more than twice the 385 million pounds pledged
by participating companies to be reduced by
1995.
Some of these additional reductions result from
decreases being achieved by companies that are
not participating in the 33/50 Program [about
196 million pounds (26%) through 1994]. Some
are due to the efforts of participating companies
whose reduction pledges could not be factored
into the national total. Significantly, however,
companies that made reduction pledges
achieved substantially greater results than they
anticipated.
33/50 Program Participants
Are Continuing Their Reductions
The 33/50 Program seeks to instill among its
participants a commitment to continuous and
comprehensive environmental improvement.
Many participants targeted additional reductions
for after 1995, for other chemicals besides the
Program's 17 target chemicals, and for facilities
outside of the United States. Altogether, more
than 200 participants made extended pollution
reduction pledges. As discussed below, partici-
pants are also projecting continued significant
reductions in 33/50 chemical emissions (17.7%
by 1996), further demonstrating a continuing
commitment to voluntary pollution reductions.
33/50 PROGRAM RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
Releases and transfers of 33/50 Program
chemicals were reduced by 62 million pounds
(7.8%) in 1994, bringing total reductions since
1988 to 757 million pounds and exceeding the
Program's ultimate 1995 50% national pollution.
reduction goal by more than 10 million pounds a
full year ahead of schedule (see Figure 4-1
presented previously in this chapter).
Table 4-1 presents facilities' reports of on-site
releases and off-site transfers to treatment and
disposal of 33/50 Program chemicals versus
reports for all other TRI chemicals for 1988 (the
33/50 Program's base year), 1990 (the year prior
to EPA's initiation of the Program), 1993, and
1994. In order to control for changes in the TRI
chemical list over time, year-to-year compari-
sons for non-33/50 Program chemicals (labelled
"TRI Chemicals Less 33/50 Chemicals") are
based on a consistent list of chemicals that have
been reported under TRI for all years 1988-
1994. The trends in reductions for each group-
ing of chemicals are depicted in Figure 4-4.
Figure 4-5 highlights the dramatic change in the
reduction trends for 33/50 Program chemicals
versus other TRI chemicals since the 33/50
Program was initiated. In the two years prior to
the Program's announcement, reductions in
releases and off-site transfers of other TRI
chemicals significantly outpaced those for 33/50
Program chemicals: 20.2% vs. 15.5%. However,
in the four years following announcement of the
33/50 Program's voluntary reduction goals,
releases and transfers of its 17 target chemicals
were reduced at nearly twice the rate observed
for all other TRI chemicals: a 41.6% reduction
between 1990 and 1994 for 33/50 Program
chemicals versus a 22.3% reduction for the
remaining TRI chemicals. In 1994, 33/50
279
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Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-1. Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals Compared to Other TRI Chemicals, 1988,1990,
1993,1994.0
Year
1988
1990
1993
1994
1988-1990
1990-1994
1993-1994
1988-1994
AH TRI Chemicals
(Excluding Additions/
Deletions)
Pounds
4,709,109,988
3,828,286,482
2,866,422,865
2,731,490,375
Percent Change
-18.70%
-28.65%
-4.71%
-42.00%
TRI Chemicals
Less 33/50
Chemicals
Pounds
3,215,344,142
2,566,155,970
2,067,108,748
1,994,449,624
Percent Change
-20.19%
-22.28%
-3.52%
-37.97%
33/50
Chemicals
Only
Pounds
1,493,765,846
1,262,130,512
799,314,117
737,040,751
Percent Change
-15.51%
-41.60%
-7.79%
-50.66%
chemicals outpaced the reduction rate for other
TRI chemical emissions by more than two to
one (7.8% vs. 3.5%).
Facilities are projecting continued reductions in
33/50 Program emissions in 1995 and 1996.
Using waste management data reported in
Section 8 of Form R (see next section of this
chapter), quantities reported as released (which
include off-site disposal) added to quantities
reported shipped off-site for treatment provides
a reasonable proxy for anticipating future trends
in the releases and transfers used to monitor the
progress of the 33/50 Program. Facilities project
33/50 Program releases, disposal, and transfers
to treatment to decline by 10.7% in 1995 and
16.5% by 1996. Similar projections for other
TRI chemicals forecast a 5.4% increase by
1996.
The "leaders-in-reductions" role being played
by 33/50 Program participants is also reflected
in the reduction performance of the individual
TRI facilities that use the target chemicals.
Three of the top facilities showing the greatest
reductions in direct environmental releases in
1994, and 12 of the top 20, report 33/50
chemicals and are owned by participating parent
companies. Of the top 50 reducing facilities, 31
report Program chemicals and are owned by
participating parents.
33/50 Program Chemical Releases
and Transfers, by Medium/Transfer
Type and by Chemical
Releases and off-site transfers of 33/50 Program
chemicals are summarized by chemical and
release medium/transfer type for 1988 (the
33/50 Program's base year), 1990 (the year prior
to EPA's initiation of the Program), 1993, and
1994 in Table 4-2. (Box 4-2 explains the
presentation of 33/50 chemicals in these tables.)
The "Subtotal" column in the transfers portion
of the table represents those transfer types
(POTWs, treatment, disposal, and "other"
Does not include amounts for recycling and energy recovery reported for 1991-1994. Also excludes delisted chemicals,
chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
280
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Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Millions of Pounds
5,000
4,000 -
3,000 -
2,000 -
1,000-
All TRI Chemicals
(Excluding
Additions/Deletions)
TRI Chemicals Less
33/50 Chemicals
33/50 Chemicals Only
Figure 4-4. Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals Compared to Other TRI Chemicals,
1988-1994.Q
transfers) that are included in the 33/50 Program
goals. The "Total" column adds in transfers for
recycling and energy recovery, which have been
reportable to TRI since 1991 but are not
included in the 33/50 Program. Figure 4-6
presents a graphical representation of the total
releases and transfers (excluding transfers to
recycling and energy recovery) for each
chemical for these years.
Figure 4-7 shows the percentage reduction for
the 11 organic chemicals and the six inorganic
chemicals and their compounds, as well as for
the total of all 33/50 chemicals. All percentages
are calculated from a 1988 baseline. As the
figure shows, releases and transfers of organic
chemicals have steadily declined from 1988 to
1994 for a total reduction of nearly 53% over
the time period. Releases and transfers of
inorganic compounds, on the other hand,
Does not include amounts for transfers to recycling and energy recovery reported for 1991-1994. Also excludes delisted
chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and
sulfuric acid.
281
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'tjgUfi Chapter 4 — TV?/ Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
1988-1990
1990-1994
D 33/50 Chemicals
• Other TRI Chemicals
Percentage Change
Figure 4-5. Comparison of Reductions in Releases
and Transfers of 33/50 Program
Chemicals vs. Other TRI Chemicals,
1988-1994.0
decreased from 1988 to 1989, increased in 1990,
decreased significantly in 1991, decreased again
in 1992, then increased in 1993 before decreas-
ing again in 1994, resulting in total releases and
transfers of inorganics decreasing less than 31%
from 1988 to 1994. Because the inorganics
account for a much smaller percentage of the
total releases and transfers of 33/50 Program
chemicals, however, their relatively small
percentage decrease has had little impact on the
total percentage reduction of 33/50 chemicals.
The 11 organic chemicals accounted for 93% of
all reductions in 33/50 chemicals between 1988
and 1994, while inorganics accounted for 7% of
total reductions. There are two reasons for this
result. First, organics accounted for a much
larger percent of total releases and transfers in
1988 than inorganics (89% vs. 11%). Second,
the percentage reduction in releases and trans-
fers of organics was much larger from 1988 to
1994 than for inorganics (53% vs. 31%).
Five chemicals accounted for 76% of total
reductions in 33/50 Program releases and
transfers between 1988 and 1994: toluene (23%
of all reductions), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (21%),
methyl ethyl ketone (11%), xylenes (11%), and
dichloromethane (10%).
These results are not surprising given that these
five organic chemicals were the largest source
of releases and transfers of 33/50 chemicals in
1988 (74%). These chemicals still comprise
nearly 71% of all releases and transfers of 33/50
chemicals. All organics represent 84% of total
releases and transfers of 33/50 chemicals.
Inorganics, however, are increasing in promi-
nence, representing 16% of total releases and
transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals in 1994,
up from 11% in 1988. Lead and compounds and
chromium and compounds are the most
important inorganics, each accounting for 6% of
total releases and transfers of 33/50 chemicals in
1994. Releases and transfers of cadmium and
compounds increased between 1988 and 1994,
primarily from an increase in 1993. Because
release and transfer quantities of cadmium
compounds are small, however, the impact on
total 33/50 releases and transfers was negligible.
Figure 4-8 shows the percent change in releases
and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals from
1988 to 1994 for each chemical. With the
exception of mercury and compounds, the
inorganic chemicals (presented at the bottom of
the figure) show smaller percentage decreases
than observed for the 11 organic chemicals
Docs not include amounts for transfers to recycling and energy recovery reported for 1991-1994. Also excludes delisted
chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and
sulfuric acid.
282
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Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
between 1988 and 1994, and releases and
transfers of one of the inorganics (cadmium and
compounds) actually increased.
Figure 4-9 presents a graphical representation of
the data in Table 4-2 by release medium and
transfer type for the years 1988 to 1994. Figure
4-10 shows the percent change in releases and
transfers from 1988 to 1994 by release medium
and transfer type. Figure 4-11 shows the contri-
bution of reductions in each release medium and
transfer type to total reductions in releases and
transfers of 33/50 chemicals from 1988 to 1994.
As these diagrams show, the largest quantity
reductions in releases and transfers have
occurred in air emissions. Reductions in air
emissions account for 74% of total reductions in
releases and transfers of 33/50 chemicals.
Transfers to Energy
Recovery and Recycling
As described in Chapter 2, the Pollution Preven-
tion Act of 1990 (PPA) substantially expanded
the scope of TRI to include reporting on addi-
tional toxic chemical management activities.
Off-site transfers to energy recovery and recy-
cling processes are now reported in Section 6 of
Form R in addition to the previously reported
transfers to POTWs and other treatment and
disposal facilities.
Facilities' reports of transfers to energy
recovery and recycling for 1991-1994 are
presented after the "Subtotal" column in Table
4-2. The absence of reporting requirements for
these activities in 1988 is reflected by "NA."
Transfers to energy recovery (233.5 million
pounds) and transfers to recycling (751.3 mil-
lion pounds) in 1994 again substantially
exceeded the total for all previously reported
types of off-site transfers of 33/50 Program
chemicals (134.3 million pounds). Increases
Q Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
33/50 Program Chemical Identities
In the tables in this chapter, the 33/50 Program
chemicals appear in alphabetical order by organic.
chemicals followed by inorganic chemicals.
Xylenes and the inorganic chemicals have been
grouped into categories, as shown below. The 10
individual organic chemicals and the seven groups
constitute the 17 high-priority chemicals targeted by
the 33/50 Program.
Organic chemicals
71-43-2
56-23-5
67-66-3
75-09-2
78-93-3
108-10-1
127-18-4
108-88-3
71-55-6
79-01-6
Xylenes
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
1330-20-7
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Inorganic chemicalsQ
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
7440-43-9 Cadmium
— Cadmium compounds
Chromium and chromium compounds
7440-47-3 Chromium
— Chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
74-90-8 Hydrogen cyanide
— Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
7439-92-1 Lead
— Lead compounds
Mercury and mercury compounds
7439-97-6 Mercury
— Mercury compounds
Nickel and nickel compounds
7440-02-0 Nickel
— Nickel compounds
Box 4-2. 33/50 Program Chemical Identities.
283
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Chapter 4—TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-2. TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals, 1988,1990,1993,1994.Q
CAS
Number
71-43-2
56-23-S
67-66-3
75-09-2
78-93-3
108-10-1
127-18-4
108-88-3
71-55-6
79-01-6
95-47-6
Chemical
Benzene
Carbon
tetrachloridc
Chloroform
Diehloromethane
Methyl ethyl
ketonc
Methyl isobutyl
kctone
Tcirachloro-
cthylcne
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloro-
ethane
Trichloro-
ethylcnc
Xylenes
Cadmium and
cadmium
compounds
Year
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
Forms
Number
491
474
503
482
69
75
100
95
167
175
192
169
1,030
1,081
1,451
1,673
2,389
2,473
2,722
2,527
1,031
1,021
1,125
1.011
459
490
666
746
3,566
3,643
4,285
3,999
1,207
2,111
4,210
3,915
783
790
3,985
951
3,517
3,611
807
3,646
158
178
257
205
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
5,266,338
6,802,701
14,673,280
20,574,341
226,057
585,481
419,002
1,084,548
3,450,479
4,562,449
8,443,255
7,695,273
25,022,843
24,227,024
38,208,293
49,639,037
27,184,737
29,378,455
45,850,307
41,669,961
6,847,214
7,810,250
9,875,727
13,049,874
4,671,751
4,538,411
9,351,150
16,336,282
57,656,473
62,341,544
87,654,988
105,716,267
20,070,741
33,199,831
85,672,408
92,995,587
14,788,788
14,524,316
37,236,658
26,168,126
27,308,716
30,079,209
19,030,377
39,645,690
8,941
9,140
31,035
32,399
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
4,226,037
4,246,167
10,901,492
11,642,018
392,870
1,648,678
1,320,385
2,694,047
7,472,557
9,289,998
14,593,635
18,275,242
37,687,647
40,677,058
62,749,754
79,465,932
51,440,202
56,738,332
88,727,094
99,080,759
18,429,655
17,477,368
18,538,178
18,985,959
5,530,378
6,634,275
13,597,042
19,786,265
110,561,812
117,599,735
161,621,719
192,930,207
17,981,336
31,568,263
83,099,485
87,654,575
15,083,085
15,939,964
111,804,060
29,759,510
86,799,963
90,702,452
20,900,640
129,685,753
50,628
52,135
72,265
90,293
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
22,256
19,497
25,303
46,983
1,223
1,453
4,718
15,627
362,812
451,262
1,005,760
1,131,484
52,289
62,909
194,764
349,960
108,385
184,339
94,393
91,426
80,177
90,214
55,593
762,108
3,872
10,152
21,510
33,314
82,751
119,858
201,830
197,208
1,980
11,146
16,984
95,624
1,671
5,220
49,549
13,801
55,692
57,773
14,285
213,032
2,029
1,069
3,339
4,147
Underground
Injection
Pounds
223,103
356,660
689,066
825,035
12,654
34,332
31,557
98,050
80,002
38,039
89,560
36,000
960,942
956,098
850,018
1,478,833
575,848
360,927
146,209
255,955
131,600
131,600
52,226
1 16,650
4,051
15,041
11,012
72,250
496,440
967,496
1,432,923
1,473,666
102
2,528
1,586
1,000
288
460
105,399
390
314,461
213,172
805
144,978
170
977
1,575
2,409
Releases
to Land
Pounds
25,371
31,215
717,007
127,921
0
79
1,005
14,759
11,667
32,926
57,924
68,544
50,845
78,267
21,024
157,156
51,794
134,162
50,531
166,537
12,925
76,771
24,738
31,770
4,349
618,026
1,260
82,144
161,205
239,798
371,482
731,449
2,732
42,743
62,446
204,923
4,417
8,212
423,453
21,186
250,980
252,969
12,554
647,989
58,472
123,376
397,523
389,479
Total
Releases
Pounds
9,763,105
11,456,240
27,006,148
33,216,298
632,804
2,270,023
1,776,667
3,907,031
11,377,517
14,374,674
24,190,134
27,206,543
63,774,566
66,001,356
102,023,853
131,090,918
79,360,966
86,796,215
134,868,534
141,264,638
25.501,571
25,586,203
28,546,462
32,946,361
10,214,401
11,815,905
22,981,974
36,310,255
168,958,681
181,268,431
251,282,942
301,048,797
38,056,891
64,824,5 1 1
168,852,909
180,951,709
29,878,249
30,478,172
149,619,119
55,963,013
114,729,812
121,305,575
39,958,661
170,337,442
120,240
186,697
505,737
518,727
284
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Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-2.
CAS
Number Chemical
71-43-2 Benzene
56-23-5 Carbon
tetrachloride
67-66-3 Chloroform
75-09-2 Dichloromethane
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl
ketone
108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl
ketone
127-18-4 Tetrachloro-
ethylene
108-88-3 Toluene
71-55-6 1,1,1-Trichloro-
ethane
79-01-6 Triehloroethylene
95-47-6 Xylenes
Cadmium and
cadmium
compounds
Transfers Off-site
Transfers for Treatment
Vear to POTWs Disposal/Other®
Pounds Pounds Pounds
94 210,714 2,346,337
93 308,621 1,880,043
90 633,978 2,221,358
88 1,164,722 2,295,959
94 574 1,223,436
93 1,675 1,042,171
90 42,050 1,082,188
88 5,014 1,350,011
94 437,920 2,037,728
93 603,550 1,890,580
90 802,260 1,321,726
88 1,226,573 1,369,922
94 835,117 11,764,796
93 825,299 9,929,184
90 1,293,254 9,477,878
88 1,831,154 22,436,109
94 410,746 6,565,715
93 753,095 6,070,956
90 891,591 20,998,202
88 964,168 29,252,652
94 488,749 1,699,146
93 636,214 1,521,675
90 1,259,294 4,599,709
88 1,509,030 10,509,270
94 62,053 2,139,983
93 111,002 2,463,092
90 450,922 4,548,481
88 558,691 5,582,693
94 940,281 22,721,417
93 1,038,026 23,590,449
90 1,771,459 40,546,165
88 3,594,036 62,082,350
94 6,439 2,558,074
93 60,463 3,895,932
90 173,444 13,099,706
88 305,358 19,389,542
94 50,325 2,819,904
93 42,987 1,924,254
90 1,956,518 25,323,209
88 85,652 6,509,867
94 712,545 10,219,158
93 743,277 8,197,929
90 11,949 3,879,599
88 4,225,457 37,922,313
94 3,013 2,093,444
93 4,948 3,372,687
90 13,762 1,320,148
88 21,613 1,286,818
Subtotal
Pounds
2,557,051
2,188,664
2,855,336
3,460,681
1,224,010
1,043,846
1,124,238
1,355,025
2,475,648
2,494,130
2,123,986
2,596,495
12,599,913
10,754,483
10,771,132
24,267,263
6,976,461
6,824,051
21,889,793
30,216,820
2,187,895
2,157,889
5,859,003
12,018,300
2,202,036
2,574,094
4,999,403
6,141,384
23,661,698
24,628,475
42,317,624
65,676,386
2,564,513
3,956,395
13,273,150
19,694,900
2,870,229
1,967,241
27,279,727
6,595,519
10,931,703
8,941,206
3,891,548
42,147,770
2,096,457
3,377,635
1,333,910
1,308,431
Transfers
Transfers to Energy
to Recycling Recovery
Pounds Pounds
555,346 1,657,785
1,101,028 1,094,388
NA NA
NA NA
850,623 17,314
111,626 4,109
NA NA
NA NA
351,182 101,775
435,332 69,463
NA NA
NA NA
20,785,487 3,755,198
21,058,873 3,272,177
NA NA
NA NA
21,395,064 46,300,997
24,476,161 46,145,068
NA NA
NA NA
17,951,007 18,854,225
22,886,709 12,055,803
NA NA
NA NA
7,415,291 855,782
6,277,898 823,697
NA NA
NA NA
23,471,806 80,113,663
31,265,466 81,278,013
NA NA
NA NA
6,983,705 1,845,839
14,617,408 2,329,613
NA NA
NA NA
8,304,071 1,183,610
7,012,395 1,206,942
NA NA
NA NA
39,732,244 78,581,009
36,927,358 72,798,030
NA NA
NA NA
3,078,180 2,717
2,122,544 1,142
NA NA
NA NA
Total
Transfers©
4,770,182
4,384,080
NA
NA
2,091,947
1,159,581
NA
NA
2,928,605
2,998,925
NA
NA
37,140,598
35,085,533
NA
NA
74,672,522
77,445,280
NA
NA
38,993,127
37,100,401
NA
NA
10,473,109
9,675,689
NA
NA
127,247,167
137,171,954
NA
NA
11,394,057
20,903,416
NA
NA
12,357,910
10,186,578
NA
NA
129,244,956
118,666,594
NA.
NA
5,177,354
5,501,321
NA
NA
285
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•gky! Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-2. TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals, 1988,1990,1993,1994,0 Continued.
CAS
Number Chemical
Chromium and
chromium
compounds
Cyanide
compounds
Lead and
lead compounds
Mercury and
mercury
compounds
Nickel and
nickel
compounds
Total for
33/50 Chemicals
All Other
TRI Chemicals
Total for All
TRI Chemicals
Year
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
94
93
90
88
Forms
Number
3,182
3,206
3,094
2,436
292
297
369
428
1,662
1,687
1,911
1,592
30
35
63
52
2,573
2,537
2,342
1,729
22,606
23,884
28,082
25,656
44,171
44,683
46,700
40,915
66,777
68,567
74,782
66,571
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
647,070
430,459
573,628
625,812
199,002
109,808
240,698
657,222
604,678
474,864
908,323
838,990
9,757
11,621
14,793
16,797
534,093
250,328
394,500
425,080
194,497,678
219,335,891
358,578.422
417,171,286
155,516,424
160,115,843
213,872,551
268,826,438
350,014,102
379,451,734
572,450,973
685,997,724
Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
495,886
424,262
576,925
700,772
3,109,468
3,099,162
,720,830
,699,447
,211,976
,260,905
,385,134
,821,919
3,563
3,442
8,756
8,484
273,464
289,426
325,707
297,707
360,750,527
397,651,622
591,943,101
694,578,889
630,215,862
608,339,622
742,702,592
872,327,820
990,966,389
1,005,991,244
1,334,645,693
1,566,906,709
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
179,281
254,144
451,154
400,219
103,345
98,062
129,669
197,544
65,699
75,058
133,290
242,154
321
446
809
1,406
98,323
96,505
152,013
222,369
1,222,106
1,539,107
2,554,963
4,018,406
45,789,667
201,464,061
113,754,037
172,708,335
47,011,773
203,003,168
116,309,000
176,726,741
Underground
Injection
Pounds
38,109
42,762
83,237
54,902
4,099,986
3,110,685
4,981,412
5,445,176
1,263
1,768
1,648
2,760
7
15
21
27
62,941
130,038
268,958
239,263
7,001,967
6,362,598
8,747,212
10,247,344
299,649,764
288,484,349
358,513,009
615,719,877
306,651,731
294,846,947
367,260,221
625,967,221
Releases
to Land
Pounds
21,784,598
23,739,737
26,044,284
40,215,263
13,961
6,055
19,720
108,969
15,159,116
16,636,721
18,959,611
26,684,055
1,351
1,812
4,199
13,279
1,685,462
3,316,740
5,086,279
3,609,583
39,279,245
45,339,609
52,255,040
73,275,006
242,988,677
228,722,676
360,740,975
407,176,871
282,267,922
274,062,285
412,996,015
480,451,877
Total
Releases
Pounds
23,144,944
24,891,364
27,729,228
41,996,968
7,525,762
6,423,772
7,092,329
8,108,358
17,042,732
18,449,316
21,388,006
29,589,878
14,999
17,336
28,578
39,993
2,654,283
4,083,037
6,227,457
4,794,002
602,751,523
670,228,827
1,014,078,738
1,199,290,931
1,374,160,394
1,487,126,551
1,789,583,164
2,336,759,341
1,976,911,917
2,157,355,378
2,803,661,902
3,536,050,272
286
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Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-2, Cont.
CAS
Number Chemical
Chromium and
chromium
compounds
Cyanide
compounds
Lead and
lead compounds
Mercury and
mercury
compounds
Nickel and
nickel
compounds
Total for
33/50 Chemicals
All Other
TRI Chemicals
Total for All
TRI Chemicals
Transfers Off-site
Transfers for Treatment
Year to POTWs Disposal/Other®
Pounds Pounds Pounds
94 427,776 21,241,608
93 454,713 20,848,059
90 1,144,161 34,110,840
88 2,081,604 26,866,221
94 171,214 571,579
93 100,272 478,028
90 141,644 1,301,442
88 1,162,724 2,719,177
94 89,717 28,464,311
93 139,015 25,710,962
90 192,818 56,906,502
88 213,425 31,060,205
94 15 42,573
93 21 74,630
90 311 213,305
88 1,892 274,767
94 216,870 10,715,951
93 227,995 10,143,486
90 317,644 16,004,257
88 904,544 13,711,382
94 5,064,068 129,225,160
93 6,051,173 123,034,117
90 11,097,059 236,954,715
88 19,855,657 274,619,258
94 175,376,656 444,912,574
93 180,295,772 399,686,425
90 270,610,724 505,962,082
88 277,491,836 601,092,965
94 180,440,724 574,137,734 •
93 186,346,945 522,720,542
90 281,707,783 742,916.797
88 297,347,493 875,712,223
Subtotal
Pounds
21,669,384
21,302,772
35,255,001
28,947,825
742,793
578,300
1,443,086
3,881,901
28,554,028
25,849,977
57,099,320
31,273,630
42,588
74,651
213,616
276,659
10,932,821
10,371,481
16,321,901
14,615,926
134,289,228
129,085,290
248,051,774
294,474,915
620,289,230
579,982,197
776,572,806
878,584,801
754,578,458
709,067,487
1,024,624,580
1,173,059,716
Transfers
Transfers to Energy
to Recycling Recovery
Pounds Pounds
146,732,055 94,815
132,058,478 31,056
NA NA
NA NA
27,418 8,344
24,600 2,261
NA NA
NA NA
349,333,583 84,961
291,073,512 83,176
NA NA
NA NA
24,908 0
23,639 0
NA NA
NA NA
104,330,489 4,086
95,230,276 8,117
NA NA
NA NA
751,322,459 233,462,120
686,703,303 221,203,055
NA NA
NA NA
1,482,281,399 229,247,105
1,370,372,399 225,559,982
NA NA
NA NA
2,233,603,858 462,709,225
2,057,075,702 446,763,037
NA NA
NA NA
Total
Transfers®
168,496,254
153,392,306
NA
NA
778,555
605,161
NA
NA
377,972,572
317,006,665
NA
NA
67,496
98,290
NA
NA
115,267,396
105,609,874
NA
NA
1,119,073,807
1,036,991,648
NA
NA
2,331,817,734
2,175,914,578
NA
, NA
3,450,891,541
3,212,906,226
NA
NA
O
Does not include amounts for transfers to recycling and energy recovery reported for 1991-1994, Also excludes delisted
chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and
sulfuric acid,
"Other" indicates: For 1993 and 1994, transfers reported with no waste management codes or invalid codes. For 1988 and 1990,
transfers reported with no waste management codes, invalid codes, or codes not required to be repotted in 1988 and 1990.
Because transfers for recycling and energy recovery were not required to be reported until 1991, total transfers in 1988 and 1990
are not comparable to total transfers reported for 1993 or 1994.
287
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"sjiiji Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1,1,1-TriehIoroethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and cadmium
compounds
Chromium and
chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead
compounds
Mercury and mercury
compounds
Nickel and nickel
compounds
• 1994
D1993
S1992
D1991
• 1990
01989
D1988
50 100
150 200 250
Millions of Pounds
300 350 400
Figure 4-6. TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals, by Chemical, 1988-1994.<2)
Does not include amounts for transfers to recycling and energy recovery reported for 1991-1994.
288
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Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Percent
10.0
0.0
-10.0 -
-20.0 -
-30.0 -
-40.0 -
-50.0 -
-60.0
T
HOrganics
0 Inorganics
•AH 33/50 Program Chemicals
1988- 1988- 1988- 1988- 1988- 1988-
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Figure 4-7. Percentage Change In Releases and
Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals:
Organics vs. Inorganics, 1988-1994.(D
were reported in both of these categories in
1994: 5.6% for energy recovery, 9.4% for
recycling.
33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS
IN WASTE
In Section 8 of Form R, which was made man-
datory under the PPA starting with the 1991
reporting year, facilities report the amounts of
toxic chemicals:
• recycled or reused in on-site processes and/
or sent off-site for recycling;
« combusted in on-site energy recovery
systems and/or sent to off-site systems;
• destroyed in on-site treatment systems and/
or sent to off-site treatment facilities;
• released to the environment as a result of on-
site operations plus the amounts shipped off-
site for disposal.
Section 8 reporting items described above
pertain only to chemical quantities contained in
waste that are the result of regular production-
related activities. Toxic chemical quantities
contained in waste that is generated at the
facility through non-routine activities, such as
spill clean-ups and catastrophic events, are
reported in a separate Section 8 reporting item.
Each of the items reported for production-
related waste in Section 8 is reported in aggre-
gate, by chemical, for the reporting year (1994)
and the prior year (1993) and is forecast by
facilities for the two successive years (1995 and
1996).
Throughout this chapter, 1991 data are drawn
from facilities' 1991 Form R submissions. 1993
and 1994 data are actual quantities reported on
1994 Form Rs, and 1995 and 1996 data repre-
sent facilities* future years' projections reported
on 1994 Form Rs.
Table 4-3 presents facilities' reports of total
production-related waste for 33/50 Program
chemicals versus reports for all other TRI
chemicals for 1991-1996. The trends in
reductions for each grouping of chemicals are
depicted in Figure 4-2, presented at the
beginning of this chapter.
Does not include amounts for transfers to recycling and energy recovery reported for 1991-1994.
289
-------
lilSl
•xjjL^Zjijfi Chapter 4—TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Benzene
Carbon
tetraehtoride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Methyl ethyl
ketone
Methyl isobutyl
ketone
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and
cadmium compounds
Chromium and
chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and
lead compounds
Mercury and
mercury compounds
Nickel and
nickel compounds
-100
-60
-40 -20 0
Percentage Change
20
40
Figure 4-8. Percentage Change in Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals, 1988-1994.®
($ Does not include amounts for transfers to recycling and energy recovery reported for 1991-1994,
290
-------
Chapter 4—TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Millions of Pounds
700
600-
500-
400-
• 1988
O1989
1990
D1991
131992
1993
P1994
300-
200-
100-
Fugitive Stack Surface Under- Releases Transfers Treatment/
Air Air Water ground to Land to POTWs Disposal/
Emissions Emissions Discharges injection Other Transfers
Figure 4-9. TRI Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals, by Release Medium and Transfer Type,
1988-1994.®
||S Does not include amounts for transfers to recycling and energy recovery reported for 1991-1994,
291
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Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/30 Program Chemicals
Fugitive Air
Emissions
Stack Air
Emissions
Surface Water
Discharges
Underground
Injection
Releases
to Land
Transfers
to POTWs
Treatment/Disposal/
Other Transfers
-70
-60
-50 -40 -30 -20
Percentage Change
-10
Figure 4-10. Percentage Change In Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals by Release Medium or
Transfer Type, 1988-1994.©
Treatment/
Disposal/
Other
Transfers
18.4%
Transfers to
POTWs
2.0%
Releases to
Land
4.5%
Fugitive Air
Emissions
29.7%
Stack Air
Emissions
44.5%
Less than 0.1%:
Underground Injection
Surface Water Discharges
Figure 4-11. Contribution to Reductions in Releases
and Transfers of 33/50 Program
Chemicals by Release Medium or
Transfer Type, 1988-1994.©
Total production-related waste associated with
33/50 Program chemicals increased slightly
(1.6%) in 1994. Production-related waste for
non-Program chemicals also increased in 1994,
but by a significantly larger percentage (5.8%).
Since 1991, 33/50 chemicals in production
waste have decreased slightly (0.9%), while
other TRI chemicals in waste have increased
significantly (9.2%).
Facilities are projecting a significant reduction
in production-related waste of 33/50 Program
chemicals in 1995, a 4.5% decline. At the same
time, production-related waste for other TRI
chemicals is expected to increase again (4.3%).
Projections for 1996 suggest an aggregate 7.1%
decline from 1994 in 33/50 Program chemical
© Does not include amounts for transfers to recycling and energy recovery reported for 1991-1994.
292
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Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-3. Total Production-related Waste for 33/50 Program Chemicals Compared to Other TRI Chemicals,
1991, 1993-1996.®
Year
1991
1993
1994
1995©
1996©
1991-1994
1993-1994
1994-1996©
1991-1996©
All TRI
Chemicals
Pounds
20,793,202,032
21,146,579,814
22,149,380,646
22,612,393,439
22,749,708,079
Percent Change
6.5%
4.7%
2.7%
9.4%
TRI Chemicals
Less 33/50
Chemicals
Pounds
15,219,391,575
15,706,293,557
16,624,256,302
17,333,515,380
17,617,205,331
Percent Change
9.2%
5.8%
6.0%
15.8%
33/50
Chemicals
Only
Pounds
5,573,810,457
5,440,286,257
5,525,124,344
5,278,878,059
5,132,502,748
Percent Change
-0.9%
1.6%
-7.1%
-7.9%
waste, while non-Program chemical waste is
forecast to increase by 6.0%.
Analyses of facility projections, particularly as
national aggregates, should be viewed with
caution. Forecasting waste generation is an
imprecise art, and facilities are not bound by
their estimates for future years. A review of our
analysis of facilities' 1993 TRI reports rein-
forces this point. On page 281 of the 1993
Public Data Release report, we observed that
facilities were projecting a decline of nearly
5.8% in their production-related waste for 33/50
Program chemicals in 1994. Actual data subse-
quently reported for 1994 showed an increase of
nearly 1.6%.
Facilities owned by companies not participating
in the 33/50 Program accounted for most (92%)
of this increase, reporting a 3.4% increase
(78 million pounds) in 1994, and are projected
an additional 1.2% increase in production-
related waste by 1996. Facilities owned by
33/50 participants, on the other hand, reported
only a slight increase in production-related
waste in 1994 (0.2%) and are projecting
substantial reductions (13.4%) through 1996.
33/50 Program Chemicals in
Waste, by Medium/Management
Method and by Chemical
Production-related waste for 33/50 Program
chemicals is summarized by chemical and waste
management method for the period 1991 to
1996 in Tables 4-4 through 4-8. Figure 4-12
presents a graphical representation of the total
production-related waste for each chemical for
these years.
© Data for 1991 reported on 199] Form R; data for all other years reported on 1994 Form R. Does not include delisted chemicals,
chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
© Projected amounts.
293
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g&y! Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Figure 4-13 shows these data in terms of the
percent change in total production-related waste
for the periods 1991-1994 (actual change) and
1994-1996 (projected change).
From 1991 to 1994, total production-related
waste decreased significantly (over 50 million
pounds) for each of five chemicals: 1,1,1-
trichloroethane (198 million pounds), methyl
ethyl ketone (114 million pounds), methyl
isobutyl ketone (65 million pounds), tetra-
chloreoethylene (61 million pounds), and
dichloromethane (54 million pounds). Total
production-related waste of three other
chemicals—carbon tetrachloride, mercury and
compounds, and chloroform—decreased
significantly on a percentage basis (over 15%).
Production/import of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and
carbon tetrachloride is banned in the United
States after January 1,1996.
From 1991 to 1994, total production-related
waste increased over 30 million pounds for each
of four chemicals: toluene (404 million pounds),
chromium and compounds (98 million pounds),
cyanide compounds (34 million pounds), and
nickel and compounds (40 million pounds). On
a percentage basis, total production-related
waste increased by over 25% for an additional
chemical, cadmium and compounds.
Facilities are projecting that total production-
related waste will decrease significantly from
1994 to 1996 for four chemicals: lead and
compounds (189 million pounds), trichloro-
ethylene (129 million pounds), 1,1,1-trichloro-
ethane (68 million pounds), and toluene (43 mil-
lion pounds). Total production-related waste of
tetrachloroethylene is also projected to decrease
significantly on a percentage basis during this
time period. Total production-related waste is
also projected to decrease by smaller quantities/
percentages for six other chemicals.
Total production-related waste is projected to
increase for six chemicals, most notably
chromium and compounds and nickel and
compounds, which are expected to increase by
26 million pounds and 30 million pounds
respectively. Total production-related waste of
mercury and mercury compounds is also
projected to increase by 12%.
Figure 4-14 shows the total production-related
waste for 1991 to 1996 by management method.
Figure 4-15 shows these data, in terms of the
percent change for the periods 1991-1994
(observed changes) and 1994-1996 (projected
changes).
From 1991 to 1994, use of four waste
management methods for 33/50 chemicals
decreased by a total of 270 million pounds, most
notably, on-site releases and off-site disposal,
which decreased by 234 million pounds (27%).
These decreases were offset by increases in off-
site recycling and on-site treatment which
increased by 118 million pounds (19%) and 94
million pounds (20%), respectively.
Facilities are projecting that, from 1994 to 1996,
on-site releases and off-site disposal of 33/50
Program chemicals will decrease by 108 million
pounds (17%) and on-site recycling will
decrease by 289 million pounds (11%). Only
on-site energy recovery is projected to increase
(56 million pounds, 8%).
294
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Chapter 4—TRI Repotting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-4, Quantity of 33/50 Program Chemicals Recycled On- and Off-site, by Chemical, 1991,1993-1996.®
CAS
Number Chemical
Recycled On-site
71-43-2 Benzene
56-23-5 Carbon tetrachloride
67-66-3 Chloroform
75-09-2 Dichloromethane
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone
108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl ketone
127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene
108-88-3 Toluene
71-55-6 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Chromium and chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
Mercury and mercury compounds
Nickel and nickel compounds
1
Subtotal for 33/50 Chemicals -
. Subtotal for, All Other TRI Chemical^
' i Subtotal for All TRI Chemicals " *
Recycled Off-site
71-43-2 Benzene
56-23-5 Carbon tetrachloride
67-66-3 Chloroform
75-09-2 Dichloromethane
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone
108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl ketone
127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene
108-88-3 Toluene
71-55-6 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Chromium and chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
Mercury and mercury compounds
Nickel and nickel compounds
Subtotal for 33/50 Chemicals
Subtotal for AH Other TRI Chemicals
Subtotal for All TRI Chemicals ' *
Total for 33/50 Chemicals * *
Total for AH Other TRI Chemicals
Total for AH TRI Chemicals
Projected Data
1991
Pounds
40,200,807
10,538,966
5,707,901
79,733,871
155,170,704
116,883,266
121,477,233
581,362,098
128,309,015
255,206,613
173,757,537
3,870,686
74,306,523
3,815,454
743,819,451
1,283,330
50,285,107
^
2,545,728,562
3,635,506,01,3
'6,181,234,575
1,414.752
390,538
2,078,744
26,612,121
26,246,204
17,975,084
9,359,426
25,206,069
29,941,078
7,403,581
33,608,756
2,047,067
93,950,740
38,243
278,459,950
491,812
81,169,458
, 6,36,393,62*
' '1,170,890,338
•T,807,283>1961
•3,182,122,185
4,806,396,351
-7,988,518,536
1993
Pounds
39,898,335
2,511,552
4,964,587
58,245,644
74,863,973
50,415,557
68,957,450
1,031,238,427
67,219,214
264,418,486
120,252,943
4,094,064
71,140,390
818,711
553,402,767
1,106,229
49,105,873
t, <* i
•> 2,462;6.54,20'2
„ 4;032,287,959 '-,
'- *;6,494,942,16i.
1,076,794
101,842
432,320
20,875,089
20,661,858
22,783,003
7,265,438
35,878,273
8,168,092
6,776,285
35,700,750
2,120,099
136,075,547
10,181
346,547,886
21,721
97,325,047
., , ' ';74i,820,?25 '-„
1 , |,342,2'l4,2'8t '
-, 2,084,034*,50| ''
3,204,'474;427 .
\ ',5,374,502,240' >s
„. 8,5781976,667, <•
1994
Pounds
48,236,739
9,615,424
5,502,781
60,442,075
66,098,820
54,877,123
56,920,709
1,022,017,402
71,974,733
248,092,051
126,209,629
4,824,783
73,209,806
798,887
643,169,803
928,742
62,507,384
2,-555J426,«9.1 " "
~4,344,90S,f24 '
; 6,900,335,015," t'
560,803
850.623
350,379
20,783,673
21,196,120
16,974,510
7,634,068
23,356,695
6,890,719
8,462,852
39,600,446
3,093,622
151,770,873
24,500
342,379,729
24,937
110,494,613
" * 754,449,i62 '
, 1304,285,693 "•;
Jiiass^yjsjr •
3,3Q9',876,0S3' -
s 5,849,193;817 • ,
s 9S 159,069,870 f
1995
Pounds
44,755,812
9,291,507
5,281,643
68,144.825
70,012,216
56,167,162
49,729,850
1,047,700,045
60,662,578
153,474,042
130,700,430
4,471,867
86,794,335
832,678
551,661,608
997,130
74,890,668
*~C ,
•, 2,415,568,396*
*4,680>S7,S23
"7,096,325,919
694,052
1,002,700
426,362
15,346,271
21,251,476
15,904,939
7,434,205
22,257,881
3,546,373
7,124,491-
38,047,084
3,028,066
154,017,112
26,115
329,625,551
24,610
113,414,259
<733J7 1,547 -
1,519,7IO,65>
:2,252;882,-204
3, 148.739^43
-6,200,468,180
9,349,208,123
1996
Pounds
45,672,260
9,141,431
4,890,771
67,300,407
70,611,058
59,902,049
48,468,392
997,798,959
41,156,070
132,094,626
138,185,872
4,646,364
92,484,711
803,568
467,200,004
1,054,822
84,354,323
•• 2-,265,765,687
• 4:869,509,815
7,135^75,502
698,852
1,002,700-
426,362
14,314,794
20,637,229
15,984,619
7,148,237
22,507,560
1,179,626
5,911,732
37,606,122
3,123,903
157,325,292
23,213
333,974,962
25,010
116,541,137
•.. 738,431,350
$ *1,546,280',471
,^2,284,711,821
*"*• 3,004, 197,037'
6,415.790,2,36'
9,4I9,,987,323
Data for 1991 reported on 1991 Form R; data for all other years reported on 1994 Form R. Does not include delisted chemicals,
chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
295
-------
Chapter 4 — TRt Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-5. Quantity of 33/50 Program Chemicals Used for Energy Recovery On- and Off-site, by Chemical,
1991, 1993-1996.©
CAS
Number Chemical
Energy Recovery On-sile
71-43-2 Benzene
56-23-5 Carbon tetrachloride
67-66-3 Chloroform
75-09-2 Dichloromcthane
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone
108-10-1 Mclhyl isobutyl ketone
127-18-4 Tetraehloroetbylene
108-88-3 Toluene
71-55-6 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Chromium and chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
Mercury and mercury compounds
Nickel and nickel compounds
Subtotal for 33/50 Chemicals
Subtotal for All Other TRI Chemicals
Subtotal for All TRI Chemicals
Energy Recovery Off-site
71-43-2 Benzene
56-23-5 Carbon tetrachloride
67-66-3 Chloroform
75-09-2 Dichloromethane
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone
108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl ketone
127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene
108-88-3 Toluene
71-55-6 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Chromium and chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
Mercury and mercury compounds
Nickel and nickel compounds
Subtotal for 33/50 Chemicals
Subtotal for All Other TRI Chemicals
Subtotal for All TRI Chemicals
Total for 33/50 Chemicals
Total for All Other TRI Chemicals
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Projected Data
1991
Pounds
33,630,440
5,964,156
5,499,527
14,270,049
98,970,095
37,048,558
4,023,584
255,726,051
14.001,816
6,188,130
216,300,956
0
0
22,338,436
102,675
0
0
714,064,473
2,247,444,419
2,961,508,892
4,931,770
10,849
719,071
6,171,317
38,787,317
19,383.412
1,519,555
87,422,786
3,995,774
963,407
78,466,569
8,337
130,304
24
62,921
3,241
4,449
242,581,103
201,330,145
443,911,248
956,645,576'
2,448,774,564
3,405,420,140
1993
Pounds
25,604,578
5,070,219
15,990,537
10,099,938
97,413,892
37,188,410
11,085,256
244,394,756
1,495,418
1,012,244
224,432,760
0
69,034
12,229,599
34,925
0
0
, ••;,....,.. .-x-v. .„»•
686,121,566
2,182,659,609
2,868,781,175
1,660,877
4,731
51,416
3,097,813
46,218,598
11,904,468
710,938
83,358,283
1,656,206
960,864
71,668,774
3,054
103,979
1,812
80,735
0
11,481
221,494,029
235,132,093
456,626,122
907,615,595
2,417,791,702
3,325,407,297
1994
Pounds
22,558,478
118,200
10,972,419
12,010,971
94,269,472
35,412,662
10,715,929
240,295,525
2,893,185
2,379,037
213,475,938
0
105,472
43,195,554
46,177
0
0
' * t," *• f
. 688,449,019
2,673,659,466
3,362,108,485
1,657,355
17,311
59,270
3,807,830
47,569,206
18,886,033
893,544
81,028,606
1,898,289
1,192,486
79,163,797
2,334
148,656
8,145
82,141
0
10,231
236,425,234
230,721,953
467,147,187
924,874,253
2,904,381,419
3,829,255,672
1995
Pounds
22,163,863
118,200
11,176,797
13,283,403
102,267,914
37,274,718
11,132,621
250,745,793
3,413,401
2,609,214
223,233,646
0
65,180
42,614,408
46,177
0
0
720,145,335
2,747,882,419
3,468,027,754
1,376,735
22,445
72,171
2,843,525
45,486,627
20,391,861
621,328
78,009,934
1,194,847
1,087,512
76,763,043
1,511
132,620
7,051
74,987
0
3,188
228,089,385
211,886,529
439,975,914
948,234,720
2,959,768,948
3,908,003,668
1996
Pounds
22,719,300
1 19,200
11,486,546
14,466,754
107,048,012
39,617,700
11,626.931
264,624,695
3,966,892
3,044,175
224,896,953
0
65,581
40,831,945
53,103
0
0
-(
744',567,787
2,671', 194,457
3,415,762;244
1,311,781
21.445
78,620
2,379,948
45,105,775
21,950,160
663,188
77,210,547
896.737
997,005
74.587,102
1,004
111,228
7,101
76.449
0
3,406
225,401,496
205,371,046'
" 430,772,542
969,969,283
2,876,565,503
" 3,846,534,786
Data for 1991 reported on 1991 Form R; data for all other years reported on 1994 Form R. Does not include delisted chemicals,
chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
296
-------
Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-6. Quantity of 33/50 Program Chemicals Treated On- and Off-site, by Chemical, 1991,1993-1996.®
CAS
Number Chemical
Treated On-site
71-43-2 Benzene
56-23-5 Carbon tetrachloride
67-66-3 Chloroform
75-09-2 Dichloromethane
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone
108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl ketone
127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene
108-88-3 Toluene
71-55-6 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Chromium and chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
Mercury and mercury compounds
Nickel and nickel compounds
Subtotal for 33Y50 Chemicals ' - - *
Subtotal' for Ail Other TRI Chemicals
•Subtotal for All TR! Chemicals ' «
Treated Off-site
71-43-2 Benzene
56-23-5 Carbon tetrachloride
67-66-3 Chloroform
75-09-2 Dichloromethane
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone
108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl ketone
127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene
108-88-3 Toluene
71-55-6 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Chromium and chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
Mercury and mercury compounds
Nickel and nickel compounds
•< lf ~ Subtotal for 33/50 Chemicals M , „
, Subtotal for All Other TRl Chemicals <
, "f « "^Subtotal for All TRI Chemicals
Total for 33/50 Chemicals v 't >• ' *
}. ', Total for All Other TRf Chemicals
' ,Y Total for All TRI Chemicals X "
Projected Data
1991
Pounds
32.067,226
15,122,884
24,835,406
33,975,295
58,025,657
12,147,639
14,684,082
128,478,222
3,031,986
4,886,629
50,439,940
712,333
35,341,390
16,756,351
42,264,696
35,853
2,574,340
'j 475,379,929
"5,613,242,026-
•* -- [ ^
2,167,000
840,947
2,086,756
11,123.271
8,546,040
2,621,785
3,323,435
15,572,603
5,427,953
2,602,508
11,900.818
337,522
5,047,723
485,275
5,434,843
65,832
2,455,527
80,039,838
, 421, 053,343,
50ft093,18f
"555,419,767
' 6 034,295,369
t6,589,7J5,136
1993
Pounds
40,960,815
15,024,261
13,279,372
25,060,609
57,262,327
12,045,137
16,466,593
112,964,616
1,750,504
8,031,842
134,037,114
533,942
90,599,323
30,236,841
34,337,601
40,900
3,100,672
„'}' 595,732,469'
~ 5;861,678.,865 ,
- "445I;4JB^;
2,291,840
906,644
2,277,950
10,129,769
6.390,031
2,126,747
2,307,221
16,503,972
2,766,1 19
3,034,056
8,007,062
199,349
5,974,885
397,495
2,960,761
526
2,472,629
, ^ " *68;?47,056^
, .365,871,929.,
•434,618,985
- <664,479,52S
"*:6 227,550,794.
" '6,892,030,319
1994
Pounds
32,088,508
14,419,837
19.744,218
18,927,711
62,307,378
16,549.233
21,514,333
155,607,346
1,146,568
6,004,328
72,570,751
103,760
79,649,625
32,530,091
33,182,059
11,065
2,687,558
, 569,044,369}~
, '5,920 503,209 f;
\6,489,547,,57V
2.226,836
929,597
2,319,118
12,334,437
6,546.417
2,062,305
2,144,993
17,645,405
2,420,884
2,798,413
9,541,783
228,228
5,156,876
538,971
5,747,663
2,475
2,661,748
,.* ^5;306,149/
' ^372,677,666
-,, '"447,983,815-1
^ '644,350,518 '-
,6,293, lfo,87"5j"
'- 6,937,531,393 f.
1995
Pounds
33,237,900
14,052,167
20,096,998
20,799,503
63,308,526
16,434.674
21,641,380
133,993,092
969,285
6,189,853
71,852,159
106,787
79,942,563
28,467,317
24,560,560
8,550
1,945,200
'- 153.7,6^6,514,,"
' 6",l68,q44,291 t
•fcwsssjwos
2,096,811
724,586
1,797,818
10,784,901
5.577,728
1,544,674
1,769,735
17,691,209
1,815,808
2,210,721
8,998,333
169,015
3,917,803
421,764
5,645,551
2,547
2,269,086
' "; 67^438,090
r 379,046,717"
^twuXton^
> 605,044.604
, 6,647,091,008
-"7,252,'J35,6T'2
1996
Pounds
33,642,345
14.016,793
19,832,960
22,067.342
68,730,049
16,912,537
21,612,049
137,483.692
837,248
6.328,998
73,511,239
102,748
79,821,608
28,889,558
30,631,408
8,550
1,911,691
- 556340;815:
, .6,268,549,140
, 4.824,889,955^
2,111,608
711,116
1,713,924
10,453.219
5,312,026
1,258,372
1,631,045
17,477,897
1,155,197
1,962,179
8,373,670
135,576
3,792,765
385,744
5,296,782
2,552
2,209,487
63,983,159
/ ,353:450,678
- .417.433337,
tl'323V792<
Data for 1991 reported on 1991 Form R; data for all other years reported on 1994 Form R. Does not include delisted chemicals,
chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
297
-------
?4#tfr Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-7. Quantity of 33/50 Program Chemicals Released/Disposed of, by Chemical, 1991,1993-1996.®
CAS
Number Chemical
71-43-2 Benzene
56-23-5 Carbon tctrachloride
67-66-3 Chloroform
75-09-2 Dlehloromethane
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl kctone
108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl kctone
127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene
108-88-3 Toluene
71-55-6 1,1,1-Triehlorocthanc
79-01-6 Trichloroelhylene
Xylcnes
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Chromium and chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
Mercury and mercury compounds
Nickel and nickel compounds
Total for 33/50 Chemicals
Total for All Other TRI Chemicals
Total for Ail TRI Chemicals
Projected Data
1991
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
18,897,429
1,650,166
19,939,888
79,828,895
106,412,846
28,841,695
16,735,732
206,808,830
138,803,672
35,034,674
129,177,777
1,234,575
41,203,321
7,146,331
36,367,408
103,043
11,436,647
879,622,929
1,929,925,291
2,809,548,220
1993
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
11,540,804
1,168,152
13,436,746
65,082,386
83,721,857
24,449,586
10,900,830
168,664,09}
46,025,083
30,264,373
115,115,205
3,360,643
38,636,846
6,427,622
34,377,029
51,820
10,493,637
663,716,710
1,686,448,821
2,350,165,531
1994
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
9,966,186
847,419
11,466,125
69,053,033
80,107,774
25,615,023
10,785,921
164,627,303
37,826,474
29,980,770
115,426,930
2,047,197
37,719,855
7,579,180
33,542,596
53,258
9,378,476
646,023520
1,577,500,191
2,223,523.711
1995
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
9,512,073
563,029
10,605,487
57,080,360
71,814,786
23,514,536
8,778,725
150,258.538
22,225,516
24,006,845
106,383,399
2,073,501
40,552,181
7,365,366
30,907,872
49,455
11,167,123
576,858,792
1,526,187,244
2,103,046,036
1996
Quantity
Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
9,178,926
498,542
10,383,493
52,457,403
67,636,617
21,854,867
7,718,748
144,523,787
7,985,960
19,376,046
102,400,877
2,036,794
40,491,316
7,137,485
31,715,081
49,255
12.567.257
538,012,454
1,702,849,724
2,240,862,178
Table 4-8. Quantity of 33/50 Program Chemicals in Production-related Waste, by Chemical, 1991,1993-1996.©
CAS
Number
71-43-2
56-23-5
67-66-3
75-09-2
78-93-3
108-10-1
127-18-4
108-88-3
71-55-6
79-01-6
Chemical
Benzene
Carbon tctrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketonc
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Tctrachlorocthylene
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Triehlorocthylene
Xylcnes
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Chromium and chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
Mercury and mercury compounds
Nickel and nickel compounds
Total for 33/50 Chemicals
Total for All Other TRI Chemicals
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Projected Data
1991 Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
133,309,424
34,518,506
60,867,293
251,714,819
492,158,863
234,901,439
171,123,047
1,300,576,659
323,511,294
312,285,542
693,652,353
8,210,520
249,980,001
50,580,114
1,106,511,944
1,983,111
147,925,528
5,573,810,457
15,219,391,575
20,793,202,032
1993 Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
123,034,043
24,787,401
50,432,928
192,591,248
386,532,536
160,912,908
117,693,726
' 1,693,002,418
129,080,636
1 314,498,150
709,214,608
10,311,151
342,600,004
50,122,261
971,741,704
1,221,196
162,509,339
.5,440,286,257
15,706,293,557
21,146,579,814
1994 Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
117,294,905
26,798,411
50,414,310
197,359,730
378,095,187
170,376,889
1 10,609,497
1,704,578,282
125,050,852
298,909,937
655,989,274
10,299,924
347,761,163
84,675,328
1,058,150,168
1,020,477
187,740,010
5,525,124,344
16,624,256,302
22,149,380,646
1995 Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
1 13,837,246
25,774,634
49,457,276
188,282,788
379,719,273
171,232,564
101,107,844
1,700,656,492
93,827,808
196,702,678
655,978,094
9,850,747
365,421,794
79,734,699
942,522,306
1,082,292
203,689,524
5,278,878,059
17,333,515,380
22,612,393,439
1996 Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
115,335,072
25,511,227
48,812,676
183,439,867
385,080,766
177,480,304
98,868,590
1,661,627,137
57,177,730
169,714,761
659,561,835
10,046,389
374,092,501
78,078,614
868,947,789
1,140,189
217,587,301
5,132,502,748
17,617,205,331
22,749,708,079
© Data for 1991 reported on 1991 Form R; data for all other years reported on 1994 Form R. Does not include delisted chemicals,
chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
298
-------
Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals mtifSs
\%N. !**"*.
Benzene
Carbon
tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Methyl ethyl
ketone
.
Methyl isobutyl
ketone
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
-
1 1 1 -Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
.
Xylenes
Cadmium and
cadmium compounds
Chromium and
chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and
lead compounds
Mercury and
mercury compounds
Nickel and
nickel compounds
(
jpg
gi^ 0 1991
1 B1992
1 a 1993
§•1994
El 1995 Projected
m?sp"
, ' ' '
SpBS^^S
^--.-LiL-,.,---,—-- '
^^^^^^F"8™
""• "" " '
^••d.
1
) 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,8
Millions of Pounds
!00
Figure 4-12. Total Production-related Waste, 33/50 Program Chemicals, Actual and Projected, 1991-1996-3)
(3) Data for 1991 as reported on 1991 forms; data for 1992 as reported on 1992 forms; all other years from 1994 forms.
299
-------
fjgyjj Chapter 4—TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Benzene
Carbon
tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Methyl ethyl
ketone
Methyl isobutyl
ketone
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and
cadmium compounds
Chromium and
chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and
lead compounds
Mercury and
mercury compounds
Nickel and
nickel compounds
C31991-1994
(Actual)
• 1994-1996
(Projected)
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20
Percentage Change
40
60
80
Figure 4-13. Percentage Change In Total Production-related Waste, 33/50 Program Chemicals, Actual and
Projected, 1991-1996.©
© Data for 1991 as reported on 1991 forms; data for 1994 and 1996 from 1994 forms.
300
-------
Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Millions of Pounds
6,000 -
5,000 -
4,000 -
3,000 -
2,000 -
1,000-
0 -
01 991
• 1992
01993
31994
D 1995 Projected
ED 1996 Projected
i
m K.
1
I N
1
I
k
r
1
I
I
I
|
1
t
*
i
Y^l >
_
J
"
,
i & 1
' J J i
. § i i
Recycled Recycled Energy
~
i
1
f
i
i
i
Energy
On-site Off-site Recovery
On-site
••
-
Treated On- Treated Off-
Recovery
site
site
-
i
:
1
i
(
1
—
I
Quantity
Released
Off-site
-
t
^
'
"
'
1
!
!
i
!
1
1
1
!
!
!
!
I
!
i
!
i
I
i
•
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Figure 4-14. Quantities of 33/50 Program Chemicals Managed in Waste, by Management Type, Actual and
Projected, 1991-1996.®
© Data for 1991 as reported on 1991 forms; data for 1992 as reported on 1992 forms; all other years from 1994 forms.
301
-------
-£*,* Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Recycled On-site
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery
On-site
Energy Recovery
Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released
-10 0 10
Percentage Change
Figure 4-15. Percentage Change in Waste Management Practices, 33/50 Program Chemicals, 1991-1996.®
SOURCE REDUCTION
REPORTING FOR
33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS
Facilities are also required to report in Section 8
of Form R any source reduction efforts that
were directed toward TRI chemicals during the
reporting year and the methods they employed
in identifying source reduction opportunities.
Source Reduction Activities
Table 4-9 summarizes facilities' reporting of
source reduction activities for each of the
seventeen 33/50 Program chemicals for 1991-
1994. As a group and individually, 33/50
Program chemicals in 1994 again evidenced
higher rates and levels of source reduction
activity reporting than that reported for other
TRI chemicals. Of the more than 16,000 Form
Rs reporting implementation of a source reduc-
tion activity during 1994,42.9% (6,947) were
for the seventeen 33/50 Program chemicals. The
33/50 chemicals accounted for only 34% of total
TRI Form Rs, but 43% of the source reduction
reports. Thirty percent of 33/50 chemical Form
Rs reported the occurrence of source reduction,
compared to 20% of the forms submitted for
other TRI chemicals.
Data for 1991 as reported on 1991 forms; data for 1994 and 1996 from 1994 forms.
302
-------
Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Individual 33/50 Program chemicals had some
of the highest levels of reporting on source
reduction. Three of the five TRI chemicals with
the greatest number of Form Rs reporting source
reduction activities in 1994 are 33/50 chemicals
[toluene, xylene (mixed isomers), and methyl
ethyl ketone]. The high ranking for 33/50
Program chemicals is partly due to the fact that
they rank among the highest TRI chemicals in
total number of Form Rs submitted. But
chemicals targeted for reduction under the 33/50
Program also evidenced some of the highest
percentages of Form R submissions indicating
source reduction. Among 33/50 Program
chemicals, the highest was 1,1,1-trichloro-
ethane, with 49% of its TRI forms indicating
source reduction activity. The high degree of
attention to applying source reduction tech-
niques to this chemical reflects concerns over
the 1996 ban on its production.
Thirteen 33/50 Program chemicals are among
the top 50 TRI chemicals for numbers of forms
reporting source reduction in 1994. Of these,
organic chemicals generally evidenced higher
percentages of Form Rs reporting source reduc-
tion than did the inorganics. Only one of the 11
organics fell below the 30% rate (carbon tetra-
chloride). None of the inorganics exceeded the
30% source reduction activity rate, with
chromium and nickel (and their compounds)
falling below the 20% mark (17% and 15%
respectively).
For the period 1991-1994, source reduction
activity reporting has declined both in absolute
terms, due mostly to reductions in total Form Rs
submitted to TRI, and in percentage terms,
though only marginally (2.4% for 1991-1994).
Similar patterns are observed for both 33/50 and
non-33/50 Program chemicals. Facilities are
only supposed to report an activity the first year
they implement it, which may contribute to the
decline in reporting.
Facilities described the type of source reduction
activity that they implemented for each
chemical (see Table 4-10). The 33/50 Program
chemicals as a group did not differ significantly
from other TRI chemicals in the types of
activities employed. Improvement in facility
operating practices is the most common
approach, followed by process modifications.
Methods Used to Identify
Source Reduction Opportunities
Table 4-11 summarizes facilities" reporting of
source reduction activity identification methods
for each of the seventeen 33/50 Program
chemicals in 1994. Here again, facilities did not
seem to treat Program chemicals differently than
other TRI chemicals in their search for source
reduction opportunities, although the data do
show a somewhat greater reliance on assistance
from state programs.
LOOKING TO THE FUTURE;
WRAPPING UP 33/50 AND
LOOKING TO A NEXT GENERATION
1995 has come and gone and even though 1995
TRI data won't be available for another year, the
33/50 Program's ultimate 50% pollution reduc-
tion goal has been achieved—a year ahead of
schedule. So what's left to be done in wrapping
up the 33/50 Program, and what's in store for
the future?
Industries' efforts to meet 33/50's challenges
have concluded in many cases, though many
companies set environmental goals that extend
years into the future and others are drawing on
momentum established through their Program
participation to continue their voluntary reduc-
tion efforts on their own. At EPA, the 33/50
303
-------
Chapter 4—TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-9. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, by 33/50 Program Chemical, 1991-1994.©
CAS
Number Chemical
7 1 -43-2 Benzene
56-23-5 Carbon teunchloride
67-66-3 Chloroform
75-09-2 Diehloromethane
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone
1 08- 10- 1 Methyl isobutyl ketone
127-18-4 Telraehlotoethylene
108-88-3 Toluene
71-55-6 l,U-Triehloroethane
79-01-6 Trichloroeihylene
Xylencs
Cadmium and
cadmium compounds
Chromium and
chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and
lead compounds
Mercury and
mercury compounds
Nickel and
nickel compounds
Total for 33/50 Chemicals
Total for All Other TRI Chemicals
Total for AH TRI Chemicals
Number of TRI Forms
1991
486
102
185
1,300
2,594
1,047
578
3,968
3,734
725
3,832
217
3,115
318
1,819
56
2,418
26,494
46,761
73,255
1992
476
90
181
1,140
2,512
1,038
519
3,822
3,210
681
3,698
187
3,134
297
1,712
39
2,448
25,184
46,105
71,289
1993
474
75
175
1,081
2,473
1,021
490
3,643
2,111
790
3,611
178
3,206
297
1,687
35
2,537
23,884
45,601
69,485
1994
491
69
167
1,030
2,389
1,031
459
3,566
1,207
783
3,517
158
3,182
292
1,662
30
2,573
22,606
44,823
67,429
Forms
Reporting Source
Number
1991
155
29
68
525
974
387
216
1,504
1,620
291
1,372
61
604
94
488
12
381
8,781
10,336
19,117
1992
154
27
62
421
918
361
193
1,453
1,504
248
1,325
64
570
85
444
8
356
8,193
9,959
18,152
1993
143
18
54
382
921
341
178
1,387
1,172
288
1,291
64
574
80
431
10
392
7,726
9,698
17,424
1994
139
14
42
344
911
358
169
1,343
592
273
1,257
60
547
75
419
8
396
6,947
9,237
16,184
Reduction Activities
Percent of AH Forms
1991
31.9
28.4
36.8
40.4
37.5
37.0
37.4
37.9
43.4
40.1
35.8
28,1
19.4
29.6
26.8
21.4
15.8
33.1
22.1
26.1
1992
32.4
30.0
34.3
36.9
36.5
34.8
37.2
38.0
46.9
36.4
35.8
34.2
18.2
28.6
25.9
20.5
14.5
32.5
21.6
25.5
1993 1994
30.2 28.3
24.0 20.3
30.9 25.1
35.3 33.4
37.2 38.1
33.4 34.7
36.3 36.8
38.1 37.7
55.5 49.0
36.5 34.9
35.8 35.7
36.0 38.0
17.9 17.2
26.9 25.7
25.5 25.2
28.6 26.7
15.5 15.4
32.3 30.7
21.3 20.6
25.1 24.0
Program staff are putting the finishing touches
on the Agency's flagship partnership experi-
ment. Major activities include:
National Conference
The 33/50 Program is co-sponsoring a National
Conference, in conjunction with the Hampshire
Research Institute, entitled "Putting Pollution
Prevention into Action." This conference will be
held in September 1996 in Washington, DC.
The purpose of this gathering is twofold:
1) provide insight into current pollution preven-
tion activities and challenges for developing
new initiatives and partnerships for the future
and 2) celebrate the successful partnership of the
33/50 Program.
The conference will follow three tracks that will
cover:
» Partnerships and Initiatives for Pollution
Prevention—pushing forward with P2;
• Integrating Pollution Prevention into the
Mainstream—the challenges for P2 in global
environmental concerns and business; and,
• Initiatives for the 21st Century—ideas for
advancing environmental management and
building a sustainable world.
In conjunction with this conference, the 33/50
Program will be thanking all 1,300 participants
for their contributions to the early achievements
of reduction goals.
© Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
304
-------
Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-10. Number of TRI Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, by Category, by 33/50 Program
Chemical, 1994.©
CAS
Number
71-43-2
56-23-5
67-66-3
75-09-2
78-93-3
108-10-1
127-18-4
108-88-3
71-55-6
79-01-6
Chemical
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Tetrachloroethylene
Toiuene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Chromium and chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
Mercury and mercury compounds
Nickel and nickel compounds
Total for 33/50 Chemicals
Total for AH Other TRI Chemicals
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Category of Source Reduction Activity
Good
Operating
Practices
49
6
15
159
459
204
95
636
212
136
586
24
311
33
238
2
240
3,405
5,695
9,100
Inventory
Control
10
0
0
34
175
69
14
204
49
13
174
8
75
8
60
0
62
955
1,377
2,332
Spill
and Leak
Prevention
103
3
7
82
159
71
37
295
77
35
256
14
130
18
85
0
89
1,461
3,460
4,921
Raw
Material
Modifi-
cations
8
1
15
95
233
69
13
342
171
20
280
19
107
10
137
2
48
1,570
1,603
3,173
Process
Modifi-
cations
73
10
23
110
235
124
40
387
94
54
378
20
227
43
159
5
155
2,137
4,030
6,167
Surface
Cleaning Preparation
and and
Degreasing Finishing
3
0
0
89
107
29
72
112
272
152
88
4
31
13
7
0
39
1,018
658
1,676
3
0
0
19
287
116
4
404
49
8
440
1
21
1
9
0
12
1,374
761
2,135
Product
Modifi-
cations
1
0
1
36
98
47
9
162
71
17
137
15
57
1
66
1
38
757
786
1,543
33/50 Program Company Profiles
Over the past two years, the 33/50 Program has
released 23 Company Profiles detailing the
specific projects companies have undertaken to
reduce their emissions of the 17 target chemi-
cals. Nine new studies incorporating 1994 TRI
data will be released this summer. The release of
each new group of Profiles is accompanied by a
new volume of a Reduction Highlights summary
report, which contains short extracts of the new
studies and a table listing all studies completed
at that time.
33/50 Program Success Stories
At the recommendation of an outside 33/50
Program advisory group, EPA issued invitations
to all 1,300 33/50 participating parent compa-
nies to "Tell the World" about their 33/50
pollution reduction activities by submitting their
own Success Stories. A sample story was
modelled on one of EPA's more recent
Company Profiles. More than 200 companies
expressed interest in writing these case studies,
which will be shorter than the Profiles since
they will feature only one reduction project per
story.
A compendium of Success Stories will be
released initially at the September conference.
Success Stories will be distributed in hard copy
and electronic format via the Internet as an
entire compendium and in custom groups based
on readers' interests in chemicals, processes,
sectors, and pollution reduction techniques.
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
305
-------
:*syp Chapter 4 — TRi Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
^
Table 4-11. Methods Used to Identify Source Reduction Activity, by 33/50 Program Chemical, 1994.©
CAS
Number
71-43-2
56-23-5
67-66-3
75-09-2
78-93-3
108-10-1
127-18-4
108-88-3
71-55-6
79-01-6
•
Chemical
Benzene
Carbon tctrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Methyl ethyl k clone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Tctrachloroethylene
Toluene
1 , 1 , 1 -Triehloroethane
Trichloiwethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and
cadmium compounds
Chromium and
chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
Mercury and
mercury compounds
Nickel and
nickel compounds
Total for 33/50 Chemicals
Tola! for AH Other TRI Chemicals
T«al for AH TRI Chemicals
Number of
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
139
14
42
344
911
358
169
1,343
592
273
1,257
60
547
75
419
8
396
6,947
10,610
17,557
Pollution Prevention
Opportunity Audit
Internal
77
5
17
132
360
150
83
520
230
117
492
28
211
33
165
4
136
2,760
4,198
6,958
External
4
0
4
10
52
20
6
68
27
11
56
1
27
4
27
1
22
340
433
773
Materials
Balance
Audit
12
2
4
42
162
55
23
171
80
27
161
10
85
7
67
0
75
983
1,408
2,391
Participative
Team
Management
45
5
22
156
451
188
80
620
263
129
570
30
278
33
214
5
228
3,317
5,099
8,416
Employee
Recommendation
Informal
19
2
5
67
164
65
27
222
72
43
230
9
104
14
76
2
87
1,208
2,048
3,256
Formal
Program
14
2
4
30
96
41
12
137
59 ,
23
120
11
57
5
49
3
43
706
1,160
1,866
306
-------
Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
Table 4-11.
Chemical
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Cadmium and
cadmium compounds
Chromium and
chromium compounds
Cyanide compounds
Lead and lead compounds
Mercury and
mercury compounds
Nickel and
nickel compounds
Total for 33/50 Chemicals
Total for All Other TRI Chemicals
Total for All TRI Chemicals
State
Program
1
0
0
3
9
8
6
28
13
10
21
0
2
I
3
0
1
106
103
209
Federal
Program
3
0
0
1
3
2
0
8
10
1
8
1
1
0
5
0
0
43
51
94
Trade/
Industry
Program
9
0
3
24
56
26
7
89
41
19
90
3
35
6
25
0
20
453
602
1,055
Vendor
Assistance
11
0
1
81
281
109
35
437
195
70
430
14
144
19
93
0
79
1,999
2,113
4,112
Other
57
5
15
76
174
60
21
281
118
48
254
15
95
13
92
0
60
1,384
2,134
3,518
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
307
-------
Chapter 4 — TRI Reporting Profiles for 33/50 Program Chemicals
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Companies' written communications with the
33/50 Program are available to the public along
with a variety of Program information materials,
including computer-generated lists of participat-
ing companies. Anyone interested in obtaining
additional information about the 33/50 Program
can do so by calling EPA's TSCA Assistance
Hotline at (202) 554-1404 Monday through
Friday between 8:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. EST.
US EPA - Region I
(MS: ATR)
1 Congress Street
Boston, MA 02203
PH#: (617) 565-3240
FAX: (617) 565-1141
US EPA - Region II
(MS: 105)
2890 Woodbridge Ave, Bldg. 10
Edison, NJ 08837
PH#: (908) 906-6815
FAX: (908) 321-6788
US EPA - Region HI
(MS: 3AT01)
841 Chestnut Bldg
Philadelphia, PA 19107
PH#: (215) 566-9302
FAX: (215) 566-3156
US EPA - Region IV
345 Courtland Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30365
PH#: (404) 347-3555 x 6977
FAX: (404) 347-1681
US EPA - Region V
(MS: SP-14J)
77 W. Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604
PH#: (312) 886-6219
FAX: (312) 353-4342
Or contact the 33/50 Program staff directly at
EPA headquarters at (202) 260-6907 or by
directing letters to Mail Code 7408, Office of
Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S. EPA, 401
M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460.
Program staff can also be reached via fax at
(202) 401-8142, or via the Internet at
BURNS.MIKE@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV.
Information about the 33/50 Program can also
be obtained from 33/50 Program Coordinators
in EPA's 10 Regional Offices:
US EPA - Region VI
(MS: 6T-PT)
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202
PH#: (214) 665-7582
FAX: (214) 665-2164
US EPA - Region VII
(MS: ARTX)
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
PH#: (913) 551-7315
FAX: (913) 551-7065
US EPA - Region Vm
(MS: 8ART-AP) :
999-18th St., Suite 600
Denver, CO 80202-2405
PH#: (303) 312-6515
FAX: (303) 312-6044
US EPA - Region IX
(MS: A-4-3)
7_ Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
PH#: (415) 744-1121
FAX: (415) 744-1073
US EPA - Region X
(MS: HW-107)
1200 - 6th Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
PH#: (206) 553-4762
FAX: (206) 553-8338
308
-------
Chapter 5
TRI Reporting by
Federal Facilities
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TRI REPORTING BY FEDERAL FACILITIES
INTRODUCTION
On August 3, 1993, President Clinton signed
Executive Order 12856 which required facilities
owned and operated by Federal agencies to
report to TRI, starting with the 1994 reporting
year. Federal facilities, like other industrial
facilities, contribute to the presence of toxic
materials in our environment and in the
communities where they operate. The
President's Executive Order was intended to
ensure that the public has access to the most
comprehensive information possible on releases
and transfers of toxic chemicals, to strengthen
the Federal government's commitment to full
accountability, and to assure that Federal
facilities are good neighbors in the communities
where they operate. The goal also is to realize
the same successes achieved at private facilities,
including reductions in the releases and transfers
of toxic chemicals and the implementation of
pollution prevention activities.
The Executive Order extends all the provisions
of EPCRA to Federal facilities. Federal facilities
must file TRI reports with EPA and the states
(EPCRA section 313) and must submit reports
on hazardous chemicals to local authorities
(EPCRA sections 311-312). E.O. 12856 extends
the reporting requirements of EPCRA 313 to all
Federal facilities, regardless of SIC Code. The
E.O. also directs each Federal agency to
"establish a voluntary goal to reduce total
releases and off-site transfers of toxic chemicals
or toxic pollutants by 50%" using 1994 TRI data
as a baseline. Federal agencies are called upon
to be environmental leaders. Whether by
promoting pollution prevention or by placing
greater priority on environmental issues, Federal
facilities should be proactive on reducing the
releases and transfers of chemicals of concern,
using prevention approaches wherever
practicable.
Various agencies have risen to the challenge,
and gone beyond the basic requirements of this
E.O. For example, the Department of Energy
(DOE), the Federal agency with the second
largest number of TRI reporting facilities,
reported for both 1993 and 1994. The public
now has the opportunity to compare the 1994
releases and transfers of toxic chemicals from
DOE facilities to the 1993 quantities. The Postal
Service has created positions in its regional
offices for environmental managers and has
conducted studies to determine how best to
promote pollution prevention at the Postal
Service facilities. The Department of Defense
(DOD) has directed that all of its facilities
prepare pollution prevention plans. Within
DOD, the Air Force has set specific goals for
eliminating or reducing the use of ozone deplet-
ing chemicals, pesticides, and the seventeen
33/50 Program chemicals.
Interpretation of the reporting requirements for
Federal facilities was made by an Inter-Agency
Task Force composed of all the Federal agencies
subject to E.O. 12856. EPA, in coordination
with this Task Force, developed a guidance
document delineating these responsibilities.
Several issues, however, remained unresolved at
the time of publication of this document, includ-
ing the interpretation of some of the reporting
311
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Chapter S—TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
exemptions. EPA and the other Federal agencies
are continuing to work together to clarify issues
related to the reporting requirements for Federal
facilities.
EPA and the other Federal agencies also are
cooperating to ensure that those Federal facili-
ties which meet the EPCRA 313 reporting
criteria are complying with the Executive Order.
EPA's Federal Facility Enforcement Office
(FFEO), part of EPA's Office of Enforcement
and Compliance Assurance (OECA), is working
with the Federal agencies and with EPA's
regional offices to identify any reporting
deficiencies. As most facilities which are
subject to TRI are expected to have submitted
forms, the thrust of the review is to determine
the accuracy of reporting. EPA will work
closely with all facilities to assure full
compliance with the letter and spirit of the law.
While 1994 is the first year of reporting by the
Federal government, EPA has received data
from some Federally owned sites since 1987.
These reports were submitted by contractors
working for the Federal government at the
Federal facilities. These types of Federal
facilities are known as Government Owned
Contractor Operated (GOCO) facilities. Being
operated by private businesses, GOCOs always
have been subject to reporting under EPCRA
section 313, provided the reporting criteria for
that statute were met.
E.0.12856 requires Federal agencies to file TRI
reports for activities at GOCO sites which they
control. As E.0.12856 did not exempt
contractors at GOCOs from reporting to TRI,
EPA receives TRI reports covering the same
activities from both the private and Federal
entities at the GOCOs. To prevent a duplication
of information, only the data from the Federal
entity is entered into the TRI database; the GOCO
data is not. Interested users can access the GOCO
data, as well as the Federal facility data, on a
diskette available from the Government Printing
Office (GPO).
1994 NATIONAL OVERVIEW
While some Federal facilities have reported
voluntarily in previous years, as a result of E.O.
12856, 191 Federal facilities became subject to
TRI reporting for the first time in 1994. These
facilities were owned and operated by 12
Federal agencies, with DOD leading the way
with 127 reporting facilities. The 1994 data for
Federal facilities showed total releases of 9.8
million pounds. Off-site transfers totalled 10.4
million pounds. These facilities were dispersed
across the country, with 43 states having at least
one Federal facility that reported to TRI. The
types of chemical releases, the ratio of releases
and transfers, plus other characteristics offer an
opportunity to compare the data from Federal
facilities, not only with other Federal facilities,
but also with the private sector.
A point to consider when reviewing the Federal
facility data, however, is that with 191 facilities
and 686 submissions, a few facilities can have a
strong impact on the reporting patterns for the
government as a whole. A single Federal facility
reporting high releases of a particular chemical
can skew data analyses in several ways. The
state in which that facility is located, for
instance, could become one of the states with
the highest release values. The Federal agency
of which the facility is a part could change from
ranking low in terms of releases and transfers to
ranking high.
In terms of releases and transfers, the govern-
ment reporting pattern provides a noticeable
divergence from the statistics for the private
312
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Chapters—TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities |
1994 Releases
Total Releases
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Pounds
9,827,896
4,081,765
4,148,737
243,722
445,537
908,135
Table 5-1. TRI Releases from Federal Facilities,
1994.
sector. As can be seen in Tables 5-1 and 5-2,
total releases and total transfers for Federal
facilities are similar, at approximately 10 mil-
lion pounds each. For the private sector,
however, transfers are almost twice the amount
of releases. One factor contributing to this
difference may be that many of the chemicals
that private industry sends off-site—metals—are
not reported to the same degree by Federal
facilities.
The manner in which the reported chemicals are
discharged provides another anomaly between
Federal facilities and the private sector (see
Figures 5-1 and 5-2). Air releases from Federal
facilities equal about 83.7% of the total releases.
For industry, however, only 68.8% of the total
releases are to air. This difference can be traced,
at least in part, to the higher rate of reporting for
chemicals typically used as solvents and
cleaners by Federal facilities. Federal facilities
in general are not primary manufacturers or
processors of chemicals, but rather users of
them.
Table 5-3 compares releases and transfers from
Federal facilities to releases and transfers from
non-Federal facilities.
1994 Transfers
Total Transfers
Pounds
10,442,903
Transfers to Recycling 5,233,203
Transfers to Energy Recovery 595,382
Transfers to Treatment 1,637,738
Transfers to POTWs 313,453
Transfers to Disposal 2,661,427
Other Off-site Transfers^ 1,700
Table 5-2. TRI Transfers from Federal Facilities,
1994.
REPORTING BY AGENCIES
AND FACILITIES
Tables 5-4 and 5-5 show the releases and
transfers from each Federal agency reporting
to TRI.
The top three agencies, in terms of the number
of facilities reporting, are DOD, DOE, and the
Department of Agriculture (USDA). With 161
of the 191 facilities, these three agencies repre-
sent 84.3% of the total. By itself, DOD
comprises 66.5% of the reporting facilities. As
for the number of forms submitted, the top three
agencies are DOD, DOE, and the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Of the 686 TRI forms from Federal facilities,
621, or 90.5%, come from these three agencies.
The 520 submissions from DOD equal 75.8% of
the total from all Federal facilities.
On average, Federal facilities submitted 3.6
forms per facility. DOD facilities averaged 4.1
forms per facility; DOE facilities averaged 3.7.
With the exception of the U.S. Enrichment
Corporation (USEC), which had 10 submissions
from two reporting facilities, the remaining
agencies averaged 1.8 forms per facility. To put
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
313
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Chapter S — TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Underground
Injection
4.5%
Releases to
Land
9.2%
Surface
Water
Discharges
2,5%
Total Air
Emissions
83.7%
Figure 5-1. Distribution of TRI Releases from Federal
Facilities, 1994.
these numbers into perspective, the average
number of forms filed by private industry
facilities is 3.3 forms.
Comparing the release information between
Federal agencies reveals interesting data. The
7.1 million pounds reported by DOD, for
Transfers to
Disposal
25.5%
Transfers to
POTWs
3.0%
Transfers to
Treatment
15.7%
Transfers to
Recycling
50.1%
Transfers to
Energy
Recovery
5.7%
Less than 0.1%:
Other Off-site
Transfers
Figure 5-2. Distribution of TRI Transfers from Federal
Facilities, 1994.
instance, is more than double the total releases
reported by the other 11 agencies (see Figure 5-
3). Looking at the releases per submission,
however, presents a different picture. DOD's
average releases per form equal 13,741 pounds.
The average for all other Federal agencies is
16,161 pounds per form.
Table 5-3. TRI Releases and Transfers from Federal Facilities Compared to All Other TRI Facilities, 1994.
Category
Facilities
Forms
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water
Underground Injection
On-sitc Land Releases
Total Releases
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Transfers to Disposal
Other Off-site Transfers©
Total Transfers
Total Releases and Transfers
Federal Facilities
Number
I9l
686
Pounds
8,230,502
4,081,765
4,148,737
243,722
445,537
908,135
9,827,896
5,233,203
595,382
1,637,738
313,453
2,661,427
1,700
10,442,903
20,270,799
Percent
40.6
20.1
20.5
1.2
2.2
4.5
48:5
25.8
2.9
8.1
1.5
13.1
0.0
51.5
100.0
All Other TRI
Number
22,553
74,646
Pounds
1,547,777,583
403,433,539
1,144,344,044
65,839,566
348,522,689
288,242,991
2,250,382,829 -
2,450,887,745
463,611,101
317,172,595
254,375,383
294,939,035
3,600,726
3,784,586,585
6,034,969^414
Facilities
Percent
25.6
6.7
19.0
1.1
5.8
4.8
•"'v-37.3. •..''•
40.6
7.7
5.3
4.2
4.9
0.1
62.7,
loo.o
All TRI Facilities
Number
22,744
75,332
Pounds
1,556,008,085
407,515,304
1,148,492,781
66,083,288
348,968,226
289,151,126
..:-2,260,21pr725,\.
2,456,120,948
464,206,483
318,810,333
254,688,836
297,600,462
3,602,426
3,795,029,488
6,055,240,213
Percent
25.7
6.7
19.0
1.1
5.8
4.8
:-37.3. ..';:
40.6
7.7
5.3
4.2
4.9
0.1
,62.7 ^
ioo.o
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
314
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The USEC is the agency at the other end of the
scale, with 75,070 pounds per submission. The
10 reports from the two USEC reporting facili-
ties totaled 750,706 pounds. The primary
function of this agency, created by Congress in
1993, is to enrich uranium. Congress carved the
USEC out of DOE, as part of a general effort to
privatize various Federal operations. The USEC
is still in transition to privatization and therefore
reports to TRI as part of the Federal govern-
ment. When the privatization is complete, the
USEC will cease being a Federal entity and no
longer will be subject to E.O. 12856. By
Chapter 5 — TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
reporting under SIC Code 28, as in the 1994
reporting year, the two USEC facilities will
remain subject to reporting under EPCRA 313.
Transfer data for the government is skewed
more than the release data (see Figure 5-4).
DOD reports 94.5% of the transfers from
Federal facilities. With such high reporting, the
expectation might be that the average transfers
per submission for the government essentially
would match the DOD average. In fact, the
Federal government average of 15,223 pounds is
significantly less than the DOD average of
18,974 pounds. Removing DOD from the
Tabfe 5-4. TRI Releases from Federal Facilities, by Federal Agency, 1994.
Federal Agency
Dept. of Defense
Dept. of Energy
U.S. Enrichment Corporation
Dept. of Agriculture
National Aeronautics and Space Admin,
Dept. of Justice
Tennessee Valley Authority
Dept. of Transportation
Dept. of Treasury
Dept. of Interior
Dept. of Health and Human Services
Environmental Protection Agency
Total
Facilities
Number
127
23
2
11
6
3
6
2
6
2
2
1
191
Forms
Number
520
85
10
11
16
7
12
3
11
3
6
2
686
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
6,848,022
292,223
749,862
0
221,427
79,360
12,100
23,566
2,261
1,161
500
20
8,230,502
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
189,902
3,766
783
0
2,236
23,331
23,704
0
0
0
0
0
243,722
Underground
Injection
Pounds
6
445,531
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
445,537
Releases
to Land
Pounds
107,267
232,273
61
567,993
0
0
21
250
20
250
0
0
908,135
Total
Releases
Pounds
7,145,197
973,793
750,706
567,993
223,663
102,691
35,825
23,816
2,281
1,411
500
20
9,827,896
Table 5-5. TRI Transfers from Federal Facilities, by Federal Agency, 1994.
Federal Agency
Dept. of Defense
Dept. of Energy
U.S. Enrichment Corporation
Dept. of Agriculture
National Aeronautics and Space Admin.
Dept. of Justice
Tennessee Valley Authority
Dept. of Transportation
Dept. of Treasury
Dept. of Interior
Dept. of Health and Human Services
Environmental Protection Agency
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
4,918,572
67,592
0
0
14,362
0
0
0
207,276
0
25,401
0
5,233,203
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
590,070
1,508
0
0
250
0
0
3,554
0
0
0
0
595,382
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
1,544,904
44,785
0
0
525
0
27,066
998
0
0
19,460
0
1,637,738
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
263,182
260
0
0
250
10,331
0
0
515
4,500
34,415
0
313,453
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
2,548,318
11,853
0
0
9,081
0
0
1,541
30,012
0
60,622
0
2,661,427
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
1,450
0
0
0
0 '
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
1,700
Total
Transfers
Pounds
9,866,496
125,998
0
0
24,468
10,331
27,066
6,343
237,803
4,500
139,898
0
10,442,903
0 Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
315
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* Chapter 5— TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Agriculture other
5.8%
4.0%
U.S. Enrich-
ment Corp.
7.6%
Energy
9.9%
Defense
72.7%
Figure 5-3. Top Four Federal Agencies for TRI
Releases, 1994.
calculations reveals average transfers per
submission of 3,472 pounds for the other 11
agencies. Representing only 5% of the total
transfers for the government, the transfers per
submission from these 11 agencies thus are
sufficiently different from DOD, creating a
larger than expected impact on the average for
the government as a whole.
Reporting by Department
of Defense Facilities
The fact that DOD plays such a principal role in
the TRI data, and that it is possible to break
down this data by the different commands,
invites more in-depth analyses (see Tables 5-6
and 5-7). Most of the facilities reporting at DOD
are from the Army, Air Force, and the Navy.
The other DOD commands contribute to a lesser
degree. When looking at the number of submis-
sions, however, this pattern shifts slightly. The
Army and Air Force remain the top commands
with 169 and 141 submissions, respectively,
while the Navy and the Defense Logistics
Agency form a second tier with 83 and 86
forms.
A review of the DOD's release data shows the
relative contributions of each command (see
Figure 5-5). The Air Force reported 67.1% of
Energy Other
HHS 1-2% °-7%
~JiTfl;;3T:^-V>»,
Treasury ~
Defense
Figure 5-4. Top Four Federal Agencies for TRI
Transfers, 1994.
the DOD releases, constituting nearly half
(48.8%) of the total releases from the Federal
government. The vast majority of these releases
are air emissions, largely from air craft
maintenance, including corrosion control,
structural maintenance, and the cleaning and
repairing of equipment. The result is that
releases per submission from the Air Force
average 34,012 pounds, more than double the
government average of 14,326 pounds per
submission. The average releases per
submission for the other DOD commands falls
well below the government average, at 6,199
pounds.
For transfer data, the Army is the dominant
department, with 71.2% of the total transfers for
DOD (see Figure 5-6). The Air Force, although
second, is far behind with 14.7% of the total.
The Army's position largely stems from one
location, the Lake City Army facility in
Independence, MO. Over one-third of the DOD
transfer data, and nearly one-third of the transfer
data for the Federal government, are reported by
this facility for two chemicals, copper and zinc
compounds. These chemicals are components of
the material used for small-caliber ammunition.
316
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Chapter 5—TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-6. TRI Releases from Department of Defense Facilities, 1994.
Command
Air Force
Army
Navy
Marines
Defense Logistics Agency
Army Corps of Engineers
National Security Agency
Total
Facilities
Number
34
41
25
8
16
2
1
127
Forms
Number
141
169
83
36
86
3
2
520
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
4,590,422
893,672
760,796
550,530
48,512
3,410
680
6,848,022
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
139,618
27,352
19,813
1,519
0
1,600
0
189,902
Underground
Injection
Pounds
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
6
Releases
to Land
Pounds
65,677
18,610
1,800
3,880
0
17,300
0
107,267
Total
Releases
Pounds
4,795,722
939,635
782,409
555,929
48,512
22,310
680
7,145,197
Table 5-7, TRI Transfers from Department of Defense Facilities, 1994.
Command
Air Force
Army
Navy
Marines
Defense Logistics Agency
Army Corps of Engineers
National Security Agency
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
287,720
4,310,985
293,462
26,405
0
0
0
4,918,572
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
225,789
185,098
72,833
98,500
7,850
0
0
590,070
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
266,702
1,003,701
180,067
83,380
10,415
0
639
1,544,904
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
178,371
2,128
21,144
61,539
0
0
0
263,182
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
488,857
1,521,145
75,222
463,094
0
0
0
2,548,318
Other
Off-site
Transfers©
Pounds
1,450
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,450
Total
Transfers
Pounds
1,448,889
7,023,057
642,728
732,918
18,265
0
639
9,866,496
Reporting by Department
of Energy Facilities
While 1994 was the first year that Federal
facilities were required to file under TRI, year-
to-year comparisons are possible for some
Federal facilities. The Secretary of DOE, under
a 1992 directive, ordered DOE facilities to
report to TRI. As a result, EPA received 1993
TRI reports from 22 DOE facilities. With the
submission of 1994 data, DOE provided the first
opportunity to track TRI data over time at a
Federal agency.
As the data in Table 5-8 show, there was a
significant drop in the total releases at DOE.
Almost the entire change occurred at two DOE
facilities. One of the facilities, the DOE Naval
Petroleum facility in Tupman, CA, reported 3.6
million pounds of releases of methanol in 1993.
0 Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
In 1994, however, this facility reported just over
300,000 pounds for this chemical, a drop of
3.3 million pounds. The reduction results from
the facility determining that the 3.3 million
pounds actually was a component of the
petroleum sold by the facility, while only
300,000 pounds was part of the waste stream.
The methanol in the waste stream, therefore,
was the only portion reportable under TRI.
The second DOE site reporting significant
reductions in releases was the U.S. DOE Ports-
mouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Piketon, OH.
In 1993, this facility reported close to 169,000
pounds of releases, while in 1994, the releases
fell below 2,000 pounds. The reason for this
reduction can be traced to the creation of the
USEC in 1993. One of the USEC facilities is
located at the Piketon site. The 1993 TRI data
from the DOE facility included 167,000 pounds
317
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Chapter 5 — TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Navy
11.0%
Army
Marines
7,8%
Defense
Logistics
Agency
0.7%
Army Corps of
Engineers
0.3%
Air Force
67.1%
Less than 0.1%:
National Security Agency
Defense
Logistics
Agency
0.2%
Air Force
14,7%
Marines
7.4%
Navy
6.5%
Army
71.2%
Less than 0.1%:
Army Corps of Engineers
National Security Agency
Figure 5-5. Distribution of TRI Releases from
Department of Defense Commands, 1994.
Figure 5-6. Distribution of TRI Transfers from
Department of Defense Commands, 1994.
Table 5-8. Total Releases for U.S. Department of Energy Facilities Reporting to TRI, 1993 and 1994.©
Facility Name
U.S. DOE Argonne Natl, Lab
U.S. DOE Brookhaven Natl. Lab
U.S. DOE EG&G Mound Plant
U.S. DOE Fcrmilab
U.S. DOE Femald Envt'l. Mgmt. Project
U,S. DOE Hanford Site
U.S. DOE Idaho National Eng. Lab
U.S. DOE Kansas City Plant
U.S. DOE Lawrence Livermore Nad. Labs
U.S. DOE Los Alamos Natl. Lab
U.S. DOE Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3
U.S. DOE Naval Petrol. Reserves of Calif.
U.S. DOE Nevada Test Site
U.S. DOE Oak Ridge K-25 Site
U.S. DOE Oak Ridge National Lab
U.S. DOE Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant
U.S. DOE Pinellas Plant
U.S. DOE Portsmouth Gaseous Diff. Plant
U.S. DOE Rocky Flats Env. Tech. Site
U.S. DOE Sandia Natl. Lab
U.S. DOE Savannah River Site
U.S. DOE Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr.
U.S. DOE Weldon Spring Site
Total
City
Argonne
Upton
Miamisburg
Batavia
Femald
Richland
Scoville
Kansas City
Livermore
Los Alamos
Casper
Tupman
Mercury
Oak Ridge
Oak Ridge
Oak Ridge
Largo
Piketon
Golden
Albuquerque
Aiken
Menlo Park
St. Charles
State
IL
NY
OH
IL
OH
WA
ID
MO
CA
NM
WY
CA
NV
TN
TN
TN
FL
OH
CO
NM
SC
CA
MO
1993
Forms
Number
6
3
1
5
1
1
2
1
0
2
2
10
1
4
4
4
4
5
3
1
8
1
1
70
1993
Total
Releases
Pounds
1,500
2,905
250
1,800
1,910
14
68,310
1,270
0
4,865
327
3,782,920
0
5,303
7,358
73,750
22,750
168,914
4,122
250
67,096
8,300
255
4,224,169
1994
Forms
Number
6
2
0
5
1
0
6
0
1
1
3
11
0
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
6
1
2
69
1994
Total
Releases
Pounds
529
1,405
0
250
1,710
0
15,089
0
2,700
1,920
24,398
461,093
0
88
612
72,350
6,850
1,841
2,431
1,250
55,569
13,300
11
663,396
Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), or sulfuric acid.
318
-------
of release and transfer data from the USEC
operations. In 1994, however, the DOE facility
reported only for the DOE operations, with
USEC reporting independently.
Top Facilities
Table 5-9 shows the top 50 Federal facilities
based on total TRI releases, with Figure 5-7
showing the locations of the top 25. DOD
facilities number 36 of these 50. Of the 14
facilities not belonging to DOD, DOE owns six,
with the other eight split among NASA, USDA,
the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the USEC.
Table 5-10 shows the top 50 facilities based on
total transfers reported to TRI. These top 50
facilities accounted for 96.8% of the total
transfers reported by Federal facilities. The
largest reporter is the U.S. Army Lake City
Army Ammunition Plant, with 31.6% of the
total transfers reported by Federal facilities. As
seen in Table 5-10, most of the transfers
reported by this facility were sent off-site for
recycling. Six of the top seven Federal facilities
reporting transfer data were Army facilities.
REPORTING BY STATE
Tables 5-11 and 5-12 provide state by state
breakdowns of facilities, releases and transfers.
Figures 5-8 and 5-9 show releases by state, and
transfers by state. As with the private sector, the
states with the most releases and transfers are
not necessarily the states with the greatest
number of facilities. Oklahoma, which has the
largest releases, has only five reporting
facilities. Missouri has transfer totals which are
triple the totals of the next state, but with only
four facilities. California, which is the state with
the largest number of facilities, is third for
releases and second for transfers.
Chapters— TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities ?
REPORTING BY INDUSTRIAL
ACTIVITY
With Federal facilities filing, TRI now collects
data from facilities that are outside the manu-
facturing two-digit SIC code range 20-39.
Box 5-1 provides a description of each of the
SIC Codes reported by Federal facilities. The 28
SIC codes reported by the Federal government
span from 02 to 99 (see Table 5-13), Some of
the Federal facilities identified themselves using
only one of the SIC codes, while others reported
a combination of SIC codes. SIC code 97
(national security and international affairs) is the
most commonly reported classification. This
SIC code was reported on 299 Federal facility
submissions (43.6%), accounting for 56.5% of
all releases from Federal facilities. The next
most common SIC codes for Federal facilities
were SIC code 37 (transportation equipment),
reported on 100 submissions; SIC code 51
(wholesale trade-nondurable goods), reported on
85 submissions; and SIC code 34 (fabricated
metals), reported on 71 submissions.
REPORTING BY CHEMICAL
The chemical forms submitted by Federal
facilities reflect a reporting pattern that is
different from the private sector. Only 16 of the
top 25 chemicals for total releases from Federal
facilities (see Table 5-14) are also in the top 25
for total releases from all facilities. Most of
these 16 chemicals, which typically are used as
solvents and for cleaning equipment, are
released primarily to air. Even hydrochloric
acid, which industry primarily injects
underground, is released mostly to the air by
Federal facilities. The major exceptions are
sulfuric acid, which is released mainly to water
and land; ammonia and. ammonium nitrate
(solution), largely released to land and via
underground injection by two USDA facilities;
and methanol, much of which one DOE facility
disposed of through underground injection.
319
-------
Chapter 5 — TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-9. Top 50 Federal Facilities with the Largest Total TRI Releases, 1994.
Facility Name
U.S. Air Force
VS. Air Force
USDA Agricultural Research Svc.
U.S. DOB Naval Petroleum Reserves
U.S. Enrichment Corp.
U.S. Enrichment Corp.
Cily
Tinker AFB
Robins AFB
Clay Center
Tupman
Piketon
Paducah
U.S. Marine Corps Cherry Pt. Air Sta. Cheny Point
U.S. Air Force Plant 06 GA
U.S. Navy Ntvol Air Station
U.S. Air Force McCtellan AFB
U.S. Army Anniston Army Depot
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force Ogden Air Logistics
U.S. DOE Idaho National Engr. Lab.
U.S. Air Force 138th Fighter Group
U.S. Marine Corps Logistics Base
U J. Air Force Flight Test Center
U.S. Air Force Engr. Devel. Center
U.S. Air Force
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
U.S, Air Force Davis-Monthan AFB
U.S. Air Force Clear Air Station
U.S. Army Red River Army Depot
U.S. Navy Norfolk Naval Base
U.S. Army Holston Ammo. Plant
U.S. Navy Norfolk Naval Shipyard
U.S. Bureau of Prisons
U.S. Air Force Newark AFB
USDA Beltsville Agri. Research Ctr.
U.S. DOE Savannah River Site
U.S. DOE Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant
U.S. Army Lciterkenny Aimy Depot
U.S. DOE Energy Tech. Engr. Ctr.
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Army Fort Hood
U.S. Navy Pugct Sound Naval Ship.
U.S. Air Force Plant 03 OK
U.S. Navy Naval Air Station
U,S. Navy Naval Surf. Warfare Ctr.
U.S. Army Lake City Ammo. Plant
U.S. Air Force Plant 04 TX
U J. Navy Long Beach Naval Ship.
NASA Lewis Research Center
NASA Langley Research Center
U.S. Army Pine Bluff Arsenal
U.S. Navy Pearl Harbor Naval Ship.
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Navy Mayport Naval Station
U.S. Marine Corps Logistics Base
U.S. DOE Naval Petroleum Reserve
Subtotal
Total for All Federal Facilities
Marietta
Jacksonville
Sacramento
Anniston
Kelly AFB
Hill AFB
Scoville
Tulsa
Albany
Edwards AFB
Arnold AFB
Wright-Patterson
Hunts ville
Tucson
Clear
Texarkana
Norfolk
Kingsport
Portsmouth
Florence
Heath
Beltsville
Aiken
Oak Ridge
Chambersburg
Simi Hills
Elmendorf AFB
Fort Hood
Bremerton
Tulsa
Pensacola
Louisville
Independence
Fort Worth
Long Beach
Cleveland
Hampton
Pine Bluff
Peart Harbor
Cannon AFB
Mayport
Barstow
Casper
State
OK
GA
NE
CA
OH
KY
NC
GA
FL
CA
AL
TX
UT
ID
OK
GA
CA
TN
AFB OH
AL
AZ
AK
TX
VA
TN
VA
CO
OH
MD
SC
TN
PA
CA
AK
TX
WA
OK
FL
KY
MO
TX
CA
OH
VA
AR
HI
NM
FL
CA
WY
SIC
Codes
97
97
91 02
13
28
28
97
37
97
37
97
97
97 45 34
87 28 37
37
97
97
97
97
37
37
97
37
97
28
37
9225
97
87
28
34 28 33
97
87
09
97
97
37
97
97
34
37
97
96
96
28
97
97
97
97
13
Forms
Number
22
6
1
13
7
3
14
10
8
9
13
9
16
7
1
8
6
4
2
5
7
1
15
7
7
9
5
I
1
8
4
9
2
4
3
5
5
4
1
13
10
3
3
1
5
2
2
3
7
3
314
686
Total
Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,614,702
696,172
0
18,241
385,102
364,760
313,105
304,647
291,130
282,720
278,301
278,459
272,210
15,991
236,550
215,400
158,400
154,096
148,000
129,629
120,628
0
106,411
91,105
98,737
98,505
79,360
80,528
0
63,197
72,350
65,061
64,720
11.501
56,315
50,935
47,528
44,100
39,503
37,808
37,550
32,600
32,682
32,000
29,179
26,750
26,627
25.380
20,995
23,124
7,672,794
8,230,502
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
417
145
0
0
783
0
1,500
250
253
0
2,634
85
750
0
0
0
0
326
0
2,236
0
120,000
4,173
16,000
4,229
765
10,331
5
0
225
0
46
0
0
0
2,460
0
0
0
196
0
250
0
0
760
0
0
0
0
750
169,569
243,722
Under.
ground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
445,007
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
524
445,536
445,537
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
486,120
0
61
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
4,700
220,600
0
0
12,430
0
0
0
0
0
32
0
0
750
0
0
79,820
11,652
0
0
0
45,000
0
0
0
0
0
1,288
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,575
0
866,033
908.135
Total
Releases
Pounds
1,615,119
696,317
486,120
463,248
385,946
364,760
314,610
304,897
291,383
282,720
280,935
278,544
277,660
236,591
236,550
215,400
170,830
154,422
148,000
131,865
120,628
120,005
110,616
107,105
102,966
100,020
89,691
80,533
79,820
75,074
72,350
65,107
64,720
56,501
56,315
53,395
47,528
44,100
39,503
39,292
37,550
32,850
32,682
32,000
29,939
26,750
26,627
25,380
24,570
24,398
9,153,932
9,827,896
320
-------
U.S. DOE Idaho
National Englnouring Lab.
Scovilie, ID
Au.S.AIrForceOgden
Air Log isticB Cantor
Hill AFB, UT
. Air Force
Wright-Patterson AFB
A U.S. Air Force
McClellan AFB
Sacramento, CA
USDA Agricultural
Research Service A
Clay Center, NE
U.S. DOE Naval
Petroleum Rwervet
Tupman, CA
U.S. Enrichment Corp.
Paducah,
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Army Holston
Ammunltlon Plan
Kingsport, TN
U.S. Air Force
Flight Tssl Center
Edwards AFB, CA
U.S.AirForca
Tinker AFB,
138th Fighter Group
* Tulsa, OK
U.S. Air Force
4 Davis-Monthan AFB
ir Force
Clear Air Station
NUi
U,S,Army*
Red River Army Depot
Tesarkana, TX
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Army * Engr, Oevel, Center^
Anniiton Army Depot ^Arnold AFB, TN
/ Anniston.AL \ . U.S. Air Force Plant 08 OA
/ NASAM,r.hall*\ * Marietta, GA
Space Flight Center
Huntsville, AL
U.S. Navy
Naval Air Station
Jacksonville, FL
U.S. Navy
Norfolk Naval Bate
Norfolk, VA
U.S. Marine Corps
Cherry Point Air Station
Cherry Point, NC
U.S. Marine Corps *
Logistics Bate
Albany, 6A
1.60 Million Pounds
40.80 Million Pounds Legend presents representative
marker sizes; facility markers are
scaled to their individual quantities,
* 0.16 Million Pounds
•8
I
O)
I
i
'
w Figure 5-7. Top 25 Federal Facilities for Total TRI Releases, 1994.
-------
Chapter S—TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-10. Top 50 Federal Facilities with the Largest Total TRI Transfers, 1994.
Facility Name
US. Army Lake City Army Ammo. Plant
U S, Army Pine Bluff Arsenal
U.S. Army Fort McCoy
U S. Army Anniston Depot Center
U.S. Army Field Artillery Center
US. Ah- Force
U.S. Amy Fen Carson
U.S. Marine Corps Logistics Base
U.S. Navy Naval Surface Warfare Center
U.S. Air Force Ogdcn Air Logistics Center
U.S. Army Scramon Army Ammo. Plant
U.S. Marine Corps MCB Camp Pendleton
U.S. Marine Corps Logistics Base
U.S, Army Letterkenny Army Depot
U.S. Army Red River Army Depot
U.S. Air Force MeClcllan AFB
U.S. Army Watcrvlict Arsenal
US, Public Health Service
US. Mint
US. Air Force Boiling AFB
US, Air Force
US. Air Force
US. Navy Norfolk Naval Shipyard
U.S. Bureau of Engraving
US. Marine Corps Cherry PL Air Station
U.S. Air Force
US. Air Force
U,S. Air Force
U.S. Navy North Island Naval Air Station
US. Army Headquarters XVIII Airborne
U.S. Air Force Plant 44 AZ
U.S. DOE Energy Technology Engr. Center
U.S. Navy Norfolk Naval Base
U.S, Air Force
US. Navy Puget Sound Naval Shipyard
U.S. Army Longhorn Ammunition Plant
US. Navy Naval Air Warfare Center
U.S. Army Rock Island Arsenal
US. Navy Naval Air Station
US. Army Tooele Depot
US. Marine Corps Blount Island Command
US. DOE Lawrence Livermore Labs
US. Navy Corpus Chrisli Naval Air Station
NASA
US. TVA Shawnee Fossil Plan*
US. Air Force
U.S. Nnvy Amphibious Base
U.S. DOB Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr.
U.S, Navy Banger Naval Submarine Base
U.S. Army Garrison
Subtotal
Total for All Federal Facilities
City
Independence
Pine Bluff
Camp McCoy
Anniston
Fort Sill
Marietta
Fort Carson
Barstow
Indian Head
Hill AFB
Scranton
Oceanside
Albany
Chambersburg
Texarkana
Sacramento
Watervlict
Bethesda
San Francisco
Washington
Tulsa
Kelly AFB
Portsmouth
Washington
Cherry Point
Robins AFB
Fort Worth
Tinker AFB
San Diego
Fort Bragg
Tucson
Simi Hills
Norfolk
ElmendorfAFB
Bremerton
Kamack
Patuxent River
Rock Island
Jacksonville
Tooele
Jacksonville
Livermore
Corpus Chrisli
Huntsville
West Paducah
Wright-Patterson AFB
San Diego
Menlo Park
Stlvcrdale
Fort Huachuca
State
MO
AR
Wt
AL
OK
GA
CO
CA
MD
UT
PA
CA
GA
PA
TX
CA
NY
MD
CA
DC
OK
TX
VA
DC
NC
GA
TX
OK
CA
NC
AZ
CA
VA
AK
WA
TX
MD
IL
FL
UT
FL
CA
TX
AL
KY
OH
CA
CA
WA
A2
SIC
Codes
34
28
97
97
99
37
97
97
97 45 34 37
9734
97203637
97
97
9737
973738
97
99
34
97
37
97
37
272834
97
97
37
97
97
97
37
87
97
97
97
973428
97
34
97
39
97
879697
97
37
49
97
97
82
97
91
Transfers
to
Recycling
Pounds
3,241,986
0
15,229
302,032
0
17,000
371.588
0
225,710
71,000
208,672
0
9,300
83,565
7,881
88,550
10,000
25,401
123,896
0
1,102
21,675
0
54,111
15,305
0
14,100
41,967
16,000
49,260
27,683
41,892
0
0
5
0
13,265
0
0
0
1,800
21,000
887
9,962
0
0
18,250
4,100
0
11,259
5,165,433
5,233,203
Transfers
to
Energy
Recovery
Pounds
10,620
0
0
20.4S6
0
103340
0
0
0
43,200
7,895
0
98,500
0
118,967
0
0
0
0
0
26,920
5,685
0
0
0
0
32,700
0
32,750
0
8,364
0
11,760
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15,976
0
537,333
595,382
Trans-
fers to
Treat-
ment
Pounds
7,077
0
588,573
183,799
1,100
0
0
0
0
100,980
514
0
63,450
0
32,818
45,900
103,600
12,460
0
0
75,885
275
85,975
0
0
0
7,755
4,357
2,880
0
9,074
5
29,663
250
37,955
36,545
5,280
0
0
24,700
19,930
530
345
10
19,000
770
0
12,600
0
0
1,514,055
1,637,738
Transfers
to
POTWs
Pounds
1,738
0
0
0
0
0
0
60,754
0
1,040
130
0
530
0
0
150
0
33,660
260
113,577
0
0
750
255
0
0
250
0
10
0
0
0
0
37,850
10
0
525
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18,079
0
0
0
0
269,573
313,453
Trans- Other
fers Off-site
to Trans-
Disposal fers©
Pounds Pounds
35,804
696,000
0
60,374
561,100
270,816
0
174,617
0
8,130
1,190
216,157
4,850
79,958
115
11,700
30,800
60,622
0
0
0
67,286
0
30,012
67,470
80,299
25,400
10,746
10
0
1,396
0
112
0
0
569
17,845
36,500
34,265
4.036
0
5
18,865
9,081
0
0
0
0
0
4,337
2,620,467
2,661,427
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,700
Total
Transfers
Pounds
3,297,225
696,000
603,802
566,661
562,200
391,356
371,588
235,371
225,710
224,350
218,401
216,157
176,630
163,523
159,781
146,300
144,400
132,143
124,156
113,577
103,907
94,921
86,725
.84,378
82,775
80,299
80,205
57,070
51,650
49,260
46.517
41,897
41.535
38,100
37,970
37,1 14
36,915
36,505
34,265
28,736
21,730
21,535
20.097
19,053
19,000
18,849
18,250
16,700
15,976
15,5%
10,106,861
10,442,903
© Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
322
-------
Chapters— TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
The top two chemicals reported by the govern-
ment are dichloromethane and methyl ethyl
ketone. Together these two chemicals composed
nearly one-third of the total releases reported by
the government. Both of these chemicals were
reported almost exclusively by DOD, as shown
in Table 5-15. DOD also reported the vast
majority of releases of 1,1,1-triehloroethane, the
chemical with the fourth-largest total releases.
These three chemicals comprised 51.9% of the
releases reported by DOD. Common uses for
these three chemicals are as solvents and paint
strippers.
The chemical with the third largest releases was
dichlorotetrafluoroethane, or CFC-114, a chemi-
cal for which only 18 industrial facilities and
three Federal facilities filed forms in 1994. Of
the three Federal facilities, the two USEC
facilities reported the vast majority of this
chemical, used as a coolant during the
processing of uranium. The releases of CFC-
114, primarily to air, put both USEC facilities in
the top six for Federal facilities, made SIC code
28 the third largest classification, and
constituted more than half of the government
releases in Ohio and most of the government
releases in Kentucky. The third Federal site
which reported for this chemical is a NASA
facility.
Missing from the top 25 chemicals for the
government, in terms of releases, are any
metals. Looking at Table 5-16, however, shows
that seven of the top 25 chemicals in terms of
transfers are metals. With 95% of the total
transfers, DOD reports the majority for 24 of
these top 25 chemicals (see Table 5-17). The
one exception is nickel, for which the Treasury
Department reported the majority. Treasury, the
agency with the second highest amount of
reported transfers, reported for four chemicals in
the top 25, of which three are metals.
RELEASE AND TRANSFER DATA
FROM CONTRACTOR-OPERATED
FACILITIES
As stated in the introduction of this chapter,
some Federal facilities, while owned by the
government, are operated by contractors. With
E.O. 12856, both the contractor and the Federal
entity at these GOCO sites are required to
submit TRI reports. The question then arises
whether, for each of these facilities, the reports
from the government entity match the reports
from the contractor. One reason for a deviation
in the reporting data could be that the
government and contractor both submitted
reports for the same chemical, but there was a
difference in the release and transfer data
between the two reports. Another discrepancy
could occur when reports are filed for different
chemicals. For instance, the contractor might
file a single report for nickel, while the
government entity might submit reports only for
xylene and dichloromethane. A third possibility
is that a contractor operates a sub-unit within a
Federal facility. The contractor would file TRI
reports for that sub-unit only, while the
government entity would be required to report
for the entire facility, including the contractor
activities.
Table 5-18 provides a comparison of the data.
The column on the left shows the data from all
government facilities. The next two columns
provide data only for the GOCO facilities. The
column on the right provides the data from the
government entity. The middle column gives
data from the same facilities, but as reported by
the contractor.
Comparing the TRI data reported by the
contractors vs. the government at these GOCO
sites showed greater discrepancies for the
releases than for the transfers. The total releases
reported by the contractors was more than
780,000 pounds greater than the total reported
323
-------
? Chapters— TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-11. TRI Releases from Federal Facilities, by State, 1994.
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Facilities
Number
8
5
0
5
2
25
6
0
0
5
7
5
2
3
3
2
I
2
7
1
3
9
0
2
0
1
4
1
1
2
0
2
5
5
2
1
8
5
2
5
1
1
4
1
7
12
4
0
0
7
4
0
1
2
191
Forms
Number
35
24
0
12
6
74
24
0
0
8
30
27
4
9
16
5
4
5
13
1
13
26
0
9
0
2
18
1
1
2
0
2
12
19
15
8
26
37
2
19
1
7
19
1
26
50
27
0
0
25
9
0
7
5
686
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
448,777
15,511
0
137,774
51,770
627,714
93,501
0
0
4,891
369,835
1,216,219
26,760
15,991
11,529
1,824
16,448
25,373
409,268
0
7,105
55,467
0
4,820
0
3,042
39,818
0
0
10,559
0
16,276
36,153
3,234
313,110
18,850
660,645
1,926,301
0
94,075
0
2,005
81,599
11,000
325,883
527,817
285,423
0
0
226,300
69,199
0
14,351
24,285
8,230,502
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
7,824
120,000
0
0
760
10,465
10,791
0
0
1,600
253
405
250
0
0
0
0
281
34,000
0
0
85
0
0
0
0
13,457
0
0
0
0
0
1,910
4,341
1,750
0
1,658
417
0
243
0
0
225
3,200
4,555
4,258
750
0
0
17,034
2,460
0
0
750
243,722
Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
5
0
0
0
445,007
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
524
445,537
Releases
to Land
Pounds
500
45,000
0
50
0
19,760
250
0
0
17,300
0
250
250
221,100
0
0
0
4,217
2,380
0
510
80,360
0
0
0
0
1,538
250
486,120
0
0
0
250
0
255
0
82
3,330
500
0
0
0
12,267
0
21
32
4,838
0
0
755
0
0
5,970
0
908,135
Total
Releases
Pounds
457,101
180,516
0
137,824
52,530
1,102,946
104,542
0
0
23,791
370,088
1,216,874
27,260
237,091
11,529
1,824
16,448
29,871
445,648
0
7,615
135,912
0
4,820
0
3,042
54,813
250
486,120
10,559
0
16,276
38,313
7,575
315,115
18,850
662,385
1,930,048
500
94,318
0
2,005
94,091
14,200
330,459
532,107
291,011
0
0
244,089
71,659
0
20,322
25,559
9,827,896
324
-------
03
Alaska
Hawaii
Puerto Rico
* Pounds
More than 1,000,000
200,000 to 1,000,000
50,000 to 200,000
D Less than 50,000
Figure 5-8. TR1 Releases from Federal Facilities, 1994.
-------
* Chapters— TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-12. TRI Transfers from Federal Facilities, by State, 1994.
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
311,994
0
0
38,942
0
331,986
371,593
0
0
66,611
2,640
30,569
6,600
0
0
0
0
270
0
0
0
276,876
0
0
0
0
3,241,986
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,000
64,565
0
6,344
43,319
0
294,881
0
0
0
0
0
47,793
71,000
0
0
0
5
0
15,229
0
5,233,203
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
20,456
0
0
8,364
0
33,750
0
0
0
0
770
214,925
0
0
1,508
0
9,316
17
0
0
10,507
3,559
0
4,350
0
5,380
10,620
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
3,500
26,920
0
7,895
0
0
0
0
0
162,289
43,200
0
0
1 1,830
15,976
0
0
0
595,382
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
192,375
2,280
0
9,074
0
63,150
5,850
0
0
0
35,765
63,450
260
1,435
12,528
489
0
0
33,160
0
2,030
27,127
0
0
0
1,605
7,077
0
0
0
0
0
263
109,706
0
0
15,511
84,672
0
2,599
0
280
12,086
0
0
83,370
125,680
0
0
118,638
38,705
0
588,573
0
1,637,738
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
0
39,100
0
0
0
65,924
10,331
0
0
113,832
10
535
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
34,940
0
0
0
0
1,738
0
0
0
0
15,302
250
6,175
0
0
18,079
0
0
427
0
0
255
0
0
250
1,040
0
0
750
10
0
0
4,500
313,453
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
70,205
0
0
8,833
696,000
409,794
3
0
0
30,012
37,855
356,324
2,600
8,255
36,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
80,008
0
0
0
0
35,804
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,800
67,470
0
0
571,846
0
81,148
0
0
3
0
1,634
1 12,235
12,166
0
0
9,112
2,820
0
0
0
2,661,427
Other
Off-site
Transfers®
Pounds
250
1,450
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,700
Total
Transfers
Pounds
595,280
42,830
0
65,213
696,000
904,604
387,777
0
0
210,455
77,040
665,803
9,460
9,690
50,541
489
9,316
287
33,160
0
12,537
422,510
0
4,350
0
6,985
3,297,225
0
0
0
0
15,302
763
156,681
132,035
0
43,434
726,757
0
386,950
0
280
12,344
0
1,634
405,937
253,086
0
0
140,330
57,516
0
603,802
4,500
10,442,903
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
326
-------
Chapter 5 — TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
(A
-------
• Chapters—TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-13. TRI Releases from Federal Facilities, by Two-Digit SIC Code, 1994 (Ordered by Total Release).
SIC Codes
97
37
28
13
9102
3738
97 45 34 37
87 28 37
87
96
9225
34
34 28 33
49
51
97 34 37
9737
3436
82
99
39
92
3428
9734
36
97 34 28
91
87 96 97
9151
4508
27 28 34
99 49 75
45
8715
8736
27
9508
97 20 36 37
97 28 34
49 16 17
2834
No SIC code
reported
Total
Forms
Number
268
64
46
16
1
9
16
7
31
11
5
30
4
10
81
1
2
2
2
11
2
2
5
6
5
1
11
2
4
9
3
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
4
686
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
4,958,434
1,102,371
942,876
41,365
0
282,720
272,210
15,991
80,636
91,798
79,360
79,804
72,350
4,470
46,080
26,203
23,311
17,929
13,300
13,263
13,000
0
12,686
11,085
6,855
6,800
6,205
2,700
2,432
0
1,481
1,161
255
500
500
250
0
0
121
0
0
0
8,230,502
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
171,007
10,624
6,217
750
0
0
750
0
0
0
10,331
196
0
25,954
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13,000
0
197
4,225
0
460
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
243,722
Underground
Injection
Pounds
6
0
0
445,531
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
445,537
Releases
to Land
Pounds
79,479
782
11,734
0
486,120
0
4,700
220,600
79,820
0
0
4,638
0
17,321
0
0
0
0
0
0
138
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,053
0
0
250
0
0
0
250
250
0
0
0
0
908,135
Total
Releases
Pounds
5,208,926
1,113,777
960,827
487,646
486,120
282,720
277,660
236,591
160,456
91,798
89,691
84,638
72,350
47,745
46,080
26,203
23,311
17,929
13,300
13,263
13,138
13,000
12,686
11,282
11,080
6,800
6,665
2,700
2,432
2,053
1,481
1,161
505
500
500
250
250
250
121
11
0
0
9,827,896
328
-------
Chapters— TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities '.
by the government entities. Total transfers, on
the other hand, were almost equal, with the
government reporting slightly more than the
contractors. The differences occurred at eight
facilities and involved 17 TRI reports.
Many of the discrepancies were minor. For six
chemicals, however, the data submitted by a
contractor exceeded government values by at
least 10,000 pounds and in two cases the
government values exceeded contractor values
by at least 10,000 pounds. The greatest
dissimilarity occurred at an Air Force facility
where the contractor submitted 15 TRI reports,
but the government entity only reported for 10
chemicals. The contractor submitted five reports
more than the government, including one report
for cyclohexane in which the releases equaled
674,177 pounds. EPA plans to review any
discrepancies to determine their cause.
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND
POLLUTION PREVENTION DATA
Federal facilities, like the private sector, must
comply with the Pollution Prevention Act of
1990. As a result, Federal facilities must provide
information on the management of waste, both
on-site and off-site. The Federal facilities also
must identify what actions were taken to reduce
or eliminate the use of the reported chemicals.
EPA's goal is to encourage source reduction,
which is the prevention of the generation of
waste. When it is not feasible to implement
source reduction, the PPA established as a
national policy a hierarchy of waste
management. Under this hierarchy, recycling is
the most preferable method of managing waste,
followed by treatment, and releases (including
disposal). This last method should be considered
a last resort. Although the PPA does not
specifically address combustion for energy
recovery, EPA has recognized that this form of
waste management shares characteristics of both
Two-Digit Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) Codes
Reported by Federal Facilities, 1994
02 Agriculture production livestock and animal specialties
08 Forestry
13 Oil and gas extraction
15 Building construction—general contractors and operative
builders
16 Heavy construction other than building construction—
contractors
17 Construction-—special trade contractors
20 Food and kindred products
25 Furniture and fixtures
27 Printing, publishing, and allied industries
28 Chemicals and allied products
33 Primary metal industries
34 Fabricated metal products, except machinery and
transportation equipment
36 Electronic and other electrical equipment and
components
37 Transportation equipment
38 Measuring, analyzing, and controlling instruments;
photographic, medical and optical goods; watches and
clocks
39 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
45 Transportation by air
49 Electric, gas, and sanitary services
51 Wholesale trade—nondurable goods
75 Automotive repair, services, and parking
82 Educational services
87 Engineering, accounting, research, management, and
related services
91 Executive, legislative, and general government, except
finance
92 Justice, public order, and safety
95 Administration of environmental quality and housing
programs
96 Administration of economic programs
97 National security and international affairs
99 Nonclassiflabie establishments
Box 5-1. Two-Digit Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) Codes Reported by
Federal Facilities, 1994
recycling and treatment. EPA, therefore, has
placed energy recovery between recycling and
treatment on the waste management hierarchy.
As shown in Table 5-19, Federal facilities
reported nearly 30.0 million pounds of chemi-
cals managed in production-related waste for
1994. Federal facilities released or disposed of
38.5% of their toxic chemicals in waste. Federal
facilities managed 21.0% of their toxic chemi-
cals in waste using on-site treatment practices.
Off-site and on-site recycling accounted for the
management of 16.0% and 13,7%, respectively,
329
-------
Chapter 5— TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-14. Top 25 TRI Chemicals with Largest Total Releases from Federal Facilities, 1994.
CAS
Number®
75-09-2
78-93-3
76-14-2
71-55-6
7664-41-7
7647-01-0
127-18-4
67-56-1
7664-93-9
108-95-2
108-88-3
76-13-1
91-20-3
1330-20-7
—
79-01-6
107-21-1
71-36-3
108-10-1
7782-50-5
75-71-8
7697-37-2
6484-52-2
75-45-6
50-00-0
Chemical
Diehloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichlorotetiafluoroethane (CFC-114)
1,1,1 -Trichloroethanc
Ammonia
Hydrochloric acid
Tetrachloroethylene
Mcthanol
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Phenol
Toluene
Freon 113
Naphthalene
Xylcne (mixed isomers)
Clycol ethers
Trichloroethylene
Ethylenc glycol
n-Butyl alcohol
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chlorine
DichlorodifluoromeUiane (CFC-12)
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Chlorodiftuoromcthane (HCFC-22)
Formaldehyde
Subtotal
Total for All Chemicals
Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Forms Emissions
Number Pounds
22
35
3
26
20
20
5
12
40
6
47
13
21
38
18
5
34
10
11
42
7
23
2
7
1
468
686
824,942
275,909
696,960
320,775
95,694
1,223
266,593
69,776
2,669
119,997
158,199
186,439
251,300
105,233
122,732
14,400
147,475
138,095
37,432
20,823
95,143'
3,316
270
44,254
250
3,999,899
4,081,765
Stacker
Poinl Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,194,949
818,818
49,000
329,894
10,751
295,323
146,158
19,485
37,487
251,182
203,549
95,938
4,572
74,725
36,203
169,559
683
26,842
91,432
21,380
0
76,980
0
22,251
51,200
4,028,361
4,148,737
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
285
2,711
0
109
1,198
0
2,237
1,020
134,887
132
15
5
10
10
17,000
0
4,739
310
0
68,827
0
0
21
0
0
233,516
243,722
Under-
ground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
127,214
0
307,916
5
0
1
0
0
6,525
0
0
1,181
0
0
0
0
0 .
0
0
0
442,842
445,537
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
620
0
382
533,423
0
0
0
220,000
0
470
0
260
6,014
12,730
0
14,552
0
180
3,182
0
540
79,820
5
0
872,178
908,135
Total
Releases
Pounds
2,020,176
1,098,058
745,960
651,160
641,066
423,760
414,988
398,197
395,048
371,311
362,234
282,382
256,142
192,507
188,665
183,959
168,630
165,247
129,044
114,212
95,143
80,836
80,111
66,510
51,450
9,576,796
9,827,896
Table 5-15. Top 25 TRI Chemicals with Largest Total Releases from Federal Facilities, by Agency, 1994.
CAS
NumbcrQ
75-09-2
78-93-3
76-14-2
71-55-6
7664-41-7
7647-01-0
127-18-4
67-56-1
7664-93-9
108-95-2
108-88-3
76-13-1
91-20-3
1330-20-7
—
79-01-6
107-21-1
71-36-3
108-10-1
7782-50-5
75-71-8
7697-37-2
6484-52-2
75-45-6
50-00-0
Chemical
Diehloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichlorotetrafluorocthane (CFC-114)
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Ammonia
Hydrochloric acid
Tctrachloroethylene
Mcthanol
Sulfuric acid (ncid aerosols)
Phenol
Toluene
Frcon 113
Naphthalene
Xylenc (mixed isomers)
Glycol ethers
Trichloroethylene
fihylene glycol
n-Butyl alcohol
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chlorine
Dichlorodifluoromcthane (CFC-12)
Nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Chlorodifluoromcthane (HCFC-22)
Formaldehyde
Subtotal
Total for AH Chemicals
Defense
Pounds
2,005,618
1,098,058
0
605,123
73,697
294,008
330,126
41,050
162,311
371,311
327,888
217,551
256,142
152,659
187,184
180,459
164,555
149,990
118,064
74,320
49,721
10,697
291
39,305
51,450
6,961,578
7,145,197
Energy
Pounds
3,100
0
0
13,300
66,846
129,252
0
355,577
222,046
0
8,509
2,700
0
13,621
0
3,500
1,371
0
10,980
2,170
0
69,559
0
21,505
0
924,036
973,793
Enrichment
Corporation
Pounds
0
0
730,000
0
0
0
0
1,570
110
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,722
0
580
0
0
0
735,982
750,706
Agriculture
Pounds
0
0
0
0
488,173
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
79,820
0
0
567,993
567,993
All
Others
Pounds
11,458
0
15.960
32,737
12,350
500
84,862
0
10,581
0
25,837
62,131
0
26,227
1,481
0
2,704
15,257
0
34,000
45,422
0
0
5,700
0
387,207
390,207
Total
Releases
Pounds
2,020,176
1,098,058
745,960
651,160
641,066
423,760
414,988
398,197
395,048
371,311
362,234
282,382
256,142
192,507
188,665
183,959
168,630
165,247
129,044
114,212
95,143
80,836
80,111
66,510
51,450
9,576,796
9,827,896
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
330
-------
Chapters— TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-16. Top 25 TRI Chemicals with Largest Total Transfers from Federal Facilities, 1994.
CAS
Number©
7440-50-8
—
107-21-1
7439-92-1
25321-14-6
1634-04-4
78-93-3
67-72-1
7697-37-2
71-55-6
—
7664-93-9
75-09-2
—
108-88-3
7664-38-2
—
1330-20-7
123-31-9
76-13-1
79-01-6
127-18-4
7440-02-0
—
100-41-4
Chemical
Copper
Zinc compounds
Ethylene glycol
Lead
Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers)
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl ethyl ketone
Hexnchloroethane
Nitric acid
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Chromium compounds
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Dichloromethane
Manganese compounds
Toluene
Phosphoric acid
Copper compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Hydraquinone
Freon 113
Trichloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
Nickel
Glycol ethers
Ethylbenzene
Subtotal
Total for All Chemicals
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
2,401,046
971,481
128,103
696,259
0
10
56,581
0
225,020
68,192
24,801
103,031
2,355
55,819
14,732
0
125,503
8,085
0
43,071
31,100
41,084
73,074
8,167
5,500
5,083,014
5,233,203
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
0
0
53,245
0
0
820
250,576
0
0
46,701
5,850
0
41,005
0
67,173
0
5,200
64,559
0
250
7,895
345
0
4,000
2,255
549,874
595,382
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
255
17,134
177,895
502
0
526,520
65,918
0
66,904
86,720
19,120
22,875
145,987
1,220
50,569
111,019
14,124
39,134
0
30,249
48,164
5,612
15
5,033
56,229
1,491,198
1,637,738
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
5,370
764
54,232
5
0
0
2,828
0
0
40
750
87,913
270
6
2,198
34,410
766
15
1 13,577
0
5
20
15
255 '
5
303,444
313,453
Transfers
to Disposal
Pounds
14,251
385,199
318,662
26,941
561,100
10
121,307
348,000
23,101
50,425
191,049
11,680
15,717
136,516
57,199
28,000
368
27,817
0
33,900
190
37,531
762
50,429
755
2,440,909
2,661,427
Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,700
Total
Transfers
Pounds
2,420,922
1,374,578
732,137
723,707
561,100
527,360
497,210
348,000
315,025
252,078
241,570
225,499
205,334
193,561
191,871
173,429
145,961
139,610
113,577
107,470
87,354
84,592
73,866
67,884
64,744
9,868,439
10,442,903
Table 5-17. Top 25 TRI Chemicals with Largest Total Transfers from Federal Facilities, by Agency, 1994.
CAS
Number© Chemical
7440-50-8 Copper
— Zinc compounds
1 07-21-1 Ethylene glycol
7439-92-1 Lead
25321-14-6 Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers)
1634-04-4 Methyl tert-butyl ether
78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone
67-72-1 Hexachloroethane
7697-37-2 Nitric acid
71-55-6 1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
— Chromium compounds
7664-93-9 Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
75-09-2 Dichloromethane
— Manganese compounds
108-88-3 Toluene
7664-38-2 Phosphoric acid
— Copper compounds
1330-20-7 Xylene (mixed isomers)
123-31-9 Hydroquinone
76-13-1 Freon 113
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene
7440-02-0 Nickel
— Glycol ethers
100-41-4 Ethylbenzene
Subtotal
Total for AH Chemicals
Defense
Pounds
2,353,006
1,374,328
723,001
669,035
561,100
527,360
497,210
348,000
312,402
241,059
241,570
190,486
194,324
193,538
185,883
135,919
145,961
138,700
1 13,577
80,135
87,159
84,094
6,347
37,622
64,744
9,506,560
9,866,496
Treasury
Pounds
67,916
0
0
29,269
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
67,519
30,262
0
194,966
237,803
Health and
Human Services
Pounds
0
0
0
25,401
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,005
0
0
34,410
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
66,816
139,898
Energy
Pounds
0
250
1,070
2
0
0
0
0
2,623
4,100
0
24,682
4,005
23
765
3,100
0
910
0
21,030
195
0
0
0
0
62,755
125,998
All
Others
Pounds
0
0
8,066
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,919
0
10,331
0
0
5,223
0
0
0
0
6,305
0
498
0
0
0
37,342
72,708
Total
Transfers
Pounds
2,420,922
1,374,578
732,137
723,707
561,100
527,360
497,210
348,000
315,025
252,078
241,570
225,499
205,334
193,561
191,871
173,429
145,961
139,610
113,577
107,470
87,354
84,592
73,866
67,884
64,744
9,868,439
10,442,903
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
331
-------
Chapters— TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-18. TRI Releases and Transfers from Federal Facilities, Contractor Reports Compared to Government
Reports, 1994.
Facilities
Forms
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total Releases
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Transfers to Disposal
Other Off-site Transfers®
Total Transfers
All
Government
Reports
Number
191
686
Pounds
4,081,765
4,148,737
243,722
445,537
908,135
9,827,896
5,233,203
595,382
1,637,738
313,453
2,661,427
1,700
10,442,903
All
Contractor
Reports
Number
23
122
Pounds
588,566
1,516,156
7,309
0
223,711
2,335,742
3,551,880
204,983
155,085
2,129
347,350
0
. • ...•'...•;'•' 4,261i427.''..-
Government Reports
from Facilities with
Contractor Reports
Number
23
112
Pounds
332,556
609,378
7,227
0
233,561
1,182,722®
3,559,379
199,355
154,971
2,128
347,023
0
;'"v::;;. ;-.."'•• '• 4,262,856"*^^
management of 16.0% and 13.7%, respectively,
of toxic chemicals in waste. Approximately 7%
of waste managed by Federal facilities was
treated off-site, while only 3.9% of waste was
combusted for energy recovery on- or off-site.
These statistics reveal a reliance on the methods
at the bottom of the waste management hier-
archy. Releases (including disposal) are the least
preferable means of managing waste but repre-
sent the practice used to manage 38.5% of all
toxic chemicals in waste generated at Federal
facilities. On-site and off-site treatment
accounted for 27.9% of the toxic chemicals
managed by Federal facilities.
Federal and non-Federal facilities differ in the
extent to which they employ the various waste
management methods. Non-Federal TRI
facilities released 9.4% of their total production-
related waste, compared to the 38.5% for
Federal facilities (see Table 5-20). Non-Federal
TRI facilities managed 55.8% of their
production-related waste through recycling or
energy recovery practices, with 44.2% released
or treated on-site or off-site. For Federal
facilities, these statistics are reversed, with
66.4% of waste treated or released and 33.6%
managed through recycling or energy recovery.
Projected Quantities of
TRI Chemicals in Waste
While the 1994 data indicate the need for more
efficient management of chemicals in waste,
data for 1993 and projections for 1995 and 1996
Total releases should be greater by 370,642 pounds. Contractor reports in this amount were submitted, but the linked government
entity was not correctly identified until after data for this report were prepared.
Transfers reported without valid waste management codes.
332
-------
Chapter 5—TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-19. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, from Federal Facilities, 1993-1996.®
Management Activity
Recycled On-site
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released/Disposed of
Total Production-related Waste
1993
Pounds Percent
3,806,188 15.6
984,053 4.0
601,222 2.5
359,690 1.5
5,239,824 21.4
561,445 2.3
12,898,842 52.8
24,451,264 100.0
1994
Pounds Percent
4,101,633 13.7
4,802,036 16.0
616.190 2.1
548,127 1.8
6,292,593 21.0
2,072,436 6.9
11,544,939 38.5
29,977,954 100.0
Projected
1995
Pounds Percent
4,413,063 17.7
4,511,566 18.1
169,330 0.7
435,567 1.7
5,877,663 23.6
926,263 3.7
8,590,913 34.5
24,924,365 100.0
1996
Pounds Percent
4,551,769 18.7
4,615,987 18,9
158,770 0.7
413,541 1.7
5.863,912 24.0
824,847 3.4
7,956,278 32.6
24,385,104 100.0
Table 5-20. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste from Federal Facilities Compared to All TRI Facilities, 1994.
Management Activity
Recycled On-site
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released/Disposed of
^i3^i^l<^iliiy^e?^^
A:-5.^v^?:.::r:v<-s'?-'j:-S/:.- -.•••'•. "ii^-J*^.-*.;
Non-Production-related Waste
Federal Facilities
Pounds
4,101,633
4,802,036
616,190
548,127
6,292,593
2,072,436
11,544,939
fSfSj§^y^4i»
^rw. ?"'.".'.--;.?%•:*
150,892
Percent
13.7
16.0
2.1
1.8
21.0
6.9
38.5
^JftxKQ-iJ;,
V-°." *?•?:#•*;.
All Other TRI Facilities
Pounds
8,402,728,070
2,512,191,338
3,421,939,978
468,659,486
8,652,764,728
555,254,744
2,503,037,617
:^'r6,575;96j-i"
;;--f:*t;;;s;V»<.:.v5'.'..
78,551,435
Percent
31.7
9.5
12.9
1.8
32.6
2.1
9.4
^ibo;o:N
All TRI Facilities
Pounds
8,406,829,703
2,516,993,374
3,422,556,168
469,207,613
8,659,057,321
557,327,180
2,514,582,556
32'!i54635l;!iSi
78,702,327
Percent
31.7
9.5
12.9
1.8
32.6
2.1
9.5
i-yio%j|i
••.•:&XiK<*3£
-------
Chapter 5—TRl Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-21. Actual and Projected Quantities of TRl Chemicals in Waste, by Federal Agency, 1993-1996.
Federal Agency
Dept of Agricuhure
DcfX, of Defense
Dept. of Energy
Dcpt. of Health and
Human Services
DcfU. of Interior
DcpL of Justice
DcpJ, of Transportation
Dcpi. of Treasury
Environmental Protection
Agency
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Tennessee Valley Authority
U.S. Enrichment Corporation
Total
Year©
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
859,499
1,223,213
1,427,735
1,372,118
2,891,609
2,521,712
2.647,528
2,905,651
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
55,080
356,708
337,800
274,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,806,188
4,101,633
4,413,063
4,551,769
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
861,313
4,545,737
4,215,988
4,363,928
104,011
67,692
85,200
84,100
0
25,401
25,000
12,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,729
• 148,906
173,978
142,659
0
0
0
0
17,000
14,300
11,400
13,300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
984,053
4,802,036
4,511,566
4,615,987
Energy Recovery
On-si(e
Pounds
0
0
0
0
601,222
616,190
169,330
158,770
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
601,222
616,190
169,330
158,770
Enerjg' Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
357,120
543,206
429,837
408,421
2,570
1,279
1,130
980
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,554
4,600
4,140
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
88
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
359,690
548,127
435,567
413,541
334
-------
Chapter 5— TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-20.
Federal Agency
Dept. of Agriculture
Dept. of Defense
Dept. of Energy
Dept, of Health and
Human Services
Dept. of Interior
Dept. of Justice
Dept. of Transportation
Dept. of Treasury
Environmental Protection
Agency
National Aeronautics and
Space Admin.
Tennessee Valley Authority
U.S. Enrichment Corporation
Total
Yearg)
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
, 96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
93
94
95
96
Treated
Oil-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
1,571,314
2,680,680
2,386.464
2.346,579
2.048,356
1,175,492
1,106,455
1,110,455
13,000
11,000
100
10
0
4,430
4,500
4,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,560,060
2,298,347
2,239,294
2,191,668
0
0
0
0
394
636
850
1,500
0
59,208
65,000
135,000
46,700
62,800
75,000
74,200
5,239,824
6,292,593
5,877,663
5,863,912
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
485,604
1,891,352
791,229
704,582
39,145
57,141
27,386
26,849
3,650
53,320
46,220
34,520
0
70
100
100
0
10,331
10,000
10,000
0
2,539
3.400
3,060
32,745
30,096
28,606
26,415
0
0
0
0
301
521
321
321
0
27,066
19,001
19,000
0
0
0
0
561,445
2,072,436
926,263
824,847
Quantity Released/
Disposed of
Pounds
80,500
566,329
474,758
464,654
7,542,561
8,823,831
6,121,919
5,580,157
4,485,900
991,359
1,009,346
995,197
150
150
140
130
0
1,191
0
0
13,000
102,691
23,000
16,500
0
23,568
25,000
22,500
1,737
8,440
8,333
8,195
0
20
18
16
228,836
232,687
182,705
153,265
4,000
43,891
35,704
26,704
542,158
750,782
709,990
688,960
12,898,842
11,544,939
8,590,913
7,956,278
Total Production-
related Waste
Pounds
80,500
566,329
474,758
464,654
12,278,633
20,324,209
15,542,502
14,934,555
9,571,591
4,814,675
4.877,045
5,123,232
16,800
89,871
71,460
46,660
0
5,691
4,600
4,600
13,000
113,022
33,000
26,500
0
29,661
33,000
29,700
1,596,271
2,485,789
2.450,211
2,368,937
0
20
18
16
301,611
604,940
533,076
442,386
4,000
130,165
1 19,705
180,704
588,858
813,582
784,990
763,160
24,451,264
29,977,954
24,924,365
24,385,104
Non-Production
related Waste
Pounds
84
70,894
19,265
60.422
0
0
220
0
0
5
0
2
150,892
Data for all years taken from the 1994 Form R.
335
-------
• Chapter S—TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
agencies that had one or more facilities
reporting to TRI in 1994. The table shows DOD
and DOE, followed by Treasury, reporting the
greatest amounts of chemicals in waste. Most
agencies reported more production-related waste
in 1994 than in 1993 or than the projections for
1995 and 1996.
Only seven agencies reported non-production
related waste for 1994. Two agencies, DOD and
HHS, together accounted for 87% of the non-
production related waste for the Federal
government.
Looking at the projections for individual agen-
cies, NASA, on a percentage basis, is anticipat-
ing the greatest changes in the management of
chemicals. For 1993 data, NASA reports that
23.9% of waste was recycled (on-site or off-site)
versus 75.9% released. NASA projections for
1996 indicate a reversal, with 64.9% recycled
(on-site or off-site) and 34.6% released. DOD
and DOE also expect shifts from release and
disposal to recycling, although not as dramatic
as NASA.
Source Reduction at Federal Agencies
Tables 5-22 and 5-23 provide information on
source reduction activities at the Federal agen-
cies and their facilities, as reported on the 1994
TRI forms. On a percentage basis, the
Department of Transportation presents the best
record, with source reduction activities reported
by 100% of facilities and on 100% of the TRI
reports. DOD, with 56 facilities reporting source
reduction on 212 forms, dominates the Federal
facility picture based on the number of facilities
and forms. DOE is second, with 14 facilities
reporting source reduction on 17 forms.
The most frequently reported source reduction
activity was good operating practices (89 times),
followed by inventory control (68) and spill and
leak prevention (57). These activities, while
effectively reducing the use of the toxic
chemicals, essentially improve efficiency
through better handling of toxic chemicals.
These activities, therefore, may not be as far-
reaching as other categories of source reduction,
like process modification or raw material
modification.
If Federal facilities are to move up the pollution
prevention hierarchy, there will have to be a
greater reliance on source reduction activities.
Federal facilities will find, as many private
industry facilities discovered, that source
reduction not only minimizes the risk to human
health and the environment, but also can reduce
cost and improve efficiency.
FUTURE EFFORTS
Much of the discussion in this chapter has
focused on the levels of reported releases and
transfers from Federal facilities. The private
sector reported similarly high levels in the first
years of TRI reporting. The private sector
subsequently has achieved significant reductions
in the reported releases and transfers. EPA fully
expects to witness steady reductions by the
Federal facilities in the next several years.
Several of the Federal agencies already are
taking aggressive action to reduce releases and
transfers of toxic chemicals. These and other
actions are being driven, not only by E.O.
12856, but by the recognition at Federal
agencies and facilities that the Federal sector
must be a leader and that environmental
protection must be advanced by the Federal
community.
336
-------
Chapter 5 — TRI Reporting by Federal Facilities
Table 5-22. Number of Federal Facilities and Forms Reporting Source Reduction, by Federal Agency, 1994.
Federal Agency
Dept. of Defense
Dept. of Energy
Dept. of Agriculture
Tennessee Valley Authority
National Aeronautics and Space Admin.
Dept. of Treasury
Dept. of Justice
Dept. of Health and Human Services
Dept. of Transportation
Dept. of Interior
U.S. Enrichment Corporation
Environmental Protection Agency
Total
Facilities Reporting Source
Reduction Activities
TRI
Facilities
Number
127
23
11
6
6
6
3
2
2
2
2
1
191
Number
56
14
9
2
4
1
0
1
2
2
1
0
92
Percentof All
Facilities in
the Agency
Percent
44.1
60.9
81.8
33.3
66.7
16.7
0.0
50.0
100.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
48.2
TRI
Forms
Number
520
85
11
12
16
11
7
6
3
3
10
2
686
Forms Reporting Source
Reduction Activities
Number
212
17
9
2
10
1
0
1
3
2
2
0
259
Percent of All
Forms from
the Agency
Percent
40.8
20.0
81.8
16.7
62.5
9.1
0.0
16.7
100.0
66.7
20.0
0.0
37.8
Table 5-23. Number of Times Source Reduction Activity Reported, by Category, by Federal Agency, 1994.
Federal Agency
Dept. of Defense
Dept. of Energy
Dept. of Agriculture
Tennessee Valley Authority
National Aeronautics and Space Admin.
Dept. of Treasury
Dept. of Justice
Dept. of Health and Human Services
Dept. of Transportation
Dept. of Interior
U.S. Enrichment Corporation
Environmental Protection Agency
Total
Source Reduction Activity Category
Good
Operating
Practices
77
5
0
1
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
89
Inventory
Control
59
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
68
Spill
and Leak
Prevention
40
5
9
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
57
Raw
Material
Modifi-
cations
44
5
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
52
Process
Modifi-
cations
24
7
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
38
Cleaning
and
Decreasing
45
4
0
o
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
Surface
Prepara-
tion and
Finishing
44
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
'0
0
44
Product
Modifi-
cations
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
337
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Appendices
TRI
Data Release
in limn in
Appendices
A, Questions and Answers
B. Public Access
c! Data Quality Program
D, Data Use
E Matrix
R TRI Form R
G. EPA Regional and State
TRI Contacts
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
APPENDIX A
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Page
I. Industry Expansion , , A-l
n. The Federal Facilities Executive Order, A-3
HI. Federal Acquisition and Community Right-to-Know Executive Order A-4
IV. Pollution Prevention A-5
V. Materials Accounting A-9
VI. Alternate Threshold Rule A-10
VII. TRI List of Chemicals A-12
VIII. Air Emissions A-17
DC. Water Discharges A-20
X. Underground Injection A-23
XI Solid and Hazardous Waste A-25
XH. Exposure and Health Effects A-27
Xm. 33/50 Program A-30
XIV. Compliance and Enforcement A-33
For further information about any of these topics, contact the EPCRA Hotline at 1-800-535-0202.
I. INDUSTRY EXPANSION
Ql Do all industrial facilities in the U.S.
that meet reporting thresholds have to report
to TRI?
A No. From 1987 to 1994, only manufac-
turing facilities classified in SIC codes 20-39
were required to report. Federal facilities were
also required to report beginning with the 1994
reporting year. Many other industrial facilities
that may be significant sources of toxic
chemical releases do not have to report. The
Office of Technology Assessment estimated that
manufacturing accounts for only 5% of releases.
Q2 Does EPA plan to expand the reporting
requirements to cover industries that are not
currently required to report?
A Yes. EPA has the statutory authority to
require additional facilities to report under
EPCRA section 313 and is in the process of
determining which industries are most appro-
priate for addition to TRI.
A-1
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TH
Appendix A — Questions and Answers
Q3 How is EPA identifying and selecting
industries for possible addition to TRI?
A EPA is making its determination based
upon such factors as indication of the manage-
ment of TRI chemicals and the relationship
between manufacturing activities and other
facilities engaged in activities which support the
manufacturing process. EPA is also considering
such factors as whether the facilities conduct
activities compatible with TRI reporting
requirements and the burden imposed through
these requirements. EPA has focused on those
industries where reportable releases of TRI
chemicals occur and which support manufac-
turing activities in some direct way.
Q4 What industries have been identified?
A EPA has examined a large number of
industries that are part of sectors previously
identified. The broad sectors identified as being
closely related to manufacturing are energy
production, materials extraction, materials
distribution, and waste management. Several
industries were identified within these sectors—
electric utilities, mining, oil and gas exploration
and production, commercial waste treatment,
POTWs and landfills, materials recycling and
recovery, airports, and some transportation and
warehousing operations.
Q5 What has EPA done in this effort
during the past year?
A As part of this examination, EPA has
continued to refine its analysis regarding the
management of toxic chemicals at facilities
within the industries under consideration. EPA
also held two major public meetings and heard
the diverse viewpoints on the expansion issues
from a wide range of stakeholders. EPA
continues to solicit extensive public input. Once
final determinations are made regarding the
contents of the proposal and it is published in
the Federal Register, a period of public
comment will ensure extensive public input
prior to any revisions.
Q6 What are the issues that will determine
how TRI industry expansion is conducted?
A EPA must consider the costs to industry of
complying with the regulatory burden asso-
ciated with TRI reporting. Concern over
"unfunded mandates" at the state and local level
and small business impacts mean that EPA must
take into account the burden that other levels of
government as well as the regulated community
will bear. Also, the current reporting structure of
TRI, with its reporting definitions, thresholds,
and exemptions, may inhibit valuable reporting
from some facilities under consideration. EPA
must take this structure into account as it
considers the quality and quantity of reporting
possible from the industries under consideration.
Q7 When does EPA expect to apply the
reporting requirements to additional
industries?
A EPA anticipates proposing new sectors for
inclusion in TRI during 1996.
Q8 What impact does the Presidential
Directive from August 8,1995, have on this
effort?
A This directive was issued in conjunction
with Executive Order 12969. It instructs EPA to
move forward with industry expansion and the
consideration of incorporating materials
accounting data into TRI. For industry expan-
sion, this directive provides firm backing from
the Administration for EPA's efforts on this
issue, and calls on the Agency to expedite the
proposed rulemaking.
A-2
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
I
II. THE FEDERAL FACILITIES EXECUTIVE ORDER
Q9 Are Federal facilities required to report
under section 313 of EPCRA?
A On August 3, 1993, the President signed
Executive Order 12856, "Federal Facility
Compliance with Right-to-Know and Pollution
Prevention Laws," requiring government-owned
and government-operated Federal facilities
(GOGOs) to comply with EPCRA. Therefore, as
of reporting year 1994, all Federal facilities
must file TRI reports under EPCRA section 313.
Executive Order 12856 also commits all Federal
agencies to reduce by 50% their toxic chemical
releases and transfers for treatment and disposal
by 1999. A Federal agency may go beyond the
TRI list of toxic chemicals and set a voluntary
reduction goal for other chemicals that are used
at its facilities.
Prior to the 1994 reporting year GOGOs were
not required to report by law, but some reported
voluntarily. The Department of Energy
voluntarily submitted reports for the 1993
reporting year to EPA and the states for 23
facilities. Government-owned and contractor-
operated facilities (GOCOs), however, were
already covered and reported under EPCRA
section 313 prior to E.O. 12856.
QlO Are all Federal agencies required to
develop a pollution prevention strategy and
pollution prevention plans?
A Each Federal agency that has one or more
facilities meeting any of the EPCRA reporting
requirements is responsible for the development
of a written pollution prevention strategy. The
strategies are available from the EPA Pollution
Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIC) at
(202) 260-1023 and from each individual
agency. EPA has published "Meeting the Chal-
lenge: A Summary of Federal Agency Pollution
Prevention Strategies" (EPA300-R-95-014).
This document is also available from the PPIC.
Covered Federal facilities were also required to
prepare pollution prevention plans by December
31, 1995. For a copy of a facility's plan,
interested persons can contact the individual
facility.
Qll Which agencies have submitted pollu-
tion prevention strategies under Executive
Order 12855?
A The following 16 Federal entities
submitted pollution prevention strategies:
Central Intelligence Agency
Department of Agriculture
Department of Defense
Department of Energy
Department of Health and Human Services
Department of Interior
Department of Justice
Department of Transportation
Department of the Treasury
Department of Veterans Affairs
Environmental Protection Agency
General Services Administration
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
Smithsonian Institution
Tennessee Valley Authority
U.S. Enrichment Corporation
U.S. Postal Service
The Department of Veterans Affairs, which does
not currently have facilities covered under the
Executive Order, has chosen to prepare a pollu-
tion prevention strategy. The U.S. Postal Service
and the Smithsonian Institution, which are not
legally covered under the Executive Order, have
also submitted strategies.
A-3
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IB
Appendix A — Questions and Answers
I
Q12 Wffl EPA report to the public on the
Federal agencies' progress toward meeting
their voluntary 50% reduction goals?
A EPA must report annually to the President
on the Federal agencies' progress toward
reducing their releases and transfers of toxic
chemicals. This information will be made
available to the public in an annual progress
report which can be obtained from the Pollution
Prevention Information Clearinghouse at (202)
260-1023.
Ql3 How many facilities are covered under
this Executive Order? How many facilities
were expected to report to TRI?
A The Executive Order directed each agency
to identify which of their facilities might be
covered by EPCRA. Covered facilities are
defined in the Executive Order to include any
Federal facility which meets one or more of the
threshold requirements for reporting set forth in
sections 302, 303, 304, 311, 312, and 313 of
EPCRA. The agencies identified approximately
1,900 facilities that may be covered under
EPCRA. A list of these facilities is available
from the PPIC.
Out of the estimated 1,900 covered facilities,
EPA estimated that around 400 Federal facilities
would submit TRI reports. TRI is only one
component of EPCRA, and therefore only one
component of the Executive Order. The
remaining Federal facilities were thought to
meet other provisions of the directive, for
example EPCRA's section 304, which deals
with accidental releases of toxic chemicals and
sections 311-312, which relates to emergency
planning.
Ql4 How many Federal facilities reported
under EPCRA section 313 for reporting year
1994? What is the total number of chemical
reports submitted to TRI from these
facilities?
A For reporting year 1994, 191 Federal
facilities submitted 686 chemical reports. The
number of reporting facilities is approximately
half the number which EPA originally expected.
The difference is the result of several factors. A
number of the Federal facilities did not meet the
reporting thresholds. Other facilities took
advantage of reporting exemptions, such as the
motor vehicle maintenance exemption and the
personal use exemption.
Ql5 Are Federal facilities located in foreign
countries required to comply with this
Executive Order?
A This Executive Order does not apply to
Federal facilities outside the customs territory of
the United States, such as U.S. diplomatic and
consular missions abroad.
III. FEDERAL ACQUISITION AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW
EXECUTIVE ORDER
Q16 What is Executive Order 12969 and
how does it affect Federal contractors?
A On August 8, 1995, the President signed
Executive Order 12969, "Federal Acquisition
and Community Right-To-Know" (60 FR
40989; August 10, 1995), mandating that, to the
extent practicable, each Federal agency shall
contract only with those companies that have
committed to continue reporting their releases of
toxic chemicals under EPCRA section 313 and
PPA section 6607. To achieve this goal, E.G.
12969 requires prospective contractors to
include in their bids a certification that, if
A-4
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
iw
awarded the contract, they will continue to
report as required under EPCRA section 313,
unless an exemption provided by the Executive
Order applies. The E.O. applies to all competi-
tive contracts expected to exceed $100,000. This
certification requirement also is required of
first-tier subcontractors.
Ql7 Does this mean that Federal contractors
currently not required to report under
section 313 of EPCRA must now report if
they want to be awarded a government
contract?
A No. E.O. 12969 does not extend the
EPCRA section 313 reporting requirements to
facilities which are not currently subject to
them. E.O. 12969 only mandates that contrac-
tors already required to report under section 313
of EPCRA certify that they will continue to do
so for the life of the contract, or face termination
of their government contracts. Federal
contractors not required to report may simply
indicate in their proposals that they are not
subject to the EPCRA section 313 reporting
requirements.
Ql8 Where can I get more information
about the provisions of E.0.12969?
A On September 29, 1995, EPA published
guidance for implementing E.O. 12969 in the
Federal Register (60 FR 50738). This guidance
provides a section-by-section analysis of the
Executive Order. Also, on October 30, 1995 an
interim final rule amending the Federal Acquisi-
tion Regulations (FAR) was published (60 FR
55306). This interim final rule, which took
effect immediately, provided detailed
instructions for contracting officers to comply
with E.O. 12969. The FAR Council currently is
working to promulgate a final rule. For
additional information, you can call the EPCRA
Hotline at (800) 535-0202.
IV. POLLUTION PREVENTION
Ql9 November 1992 is the expiration date
listed on Form R. Is the Form R valid for
reporting year 1995?
A The Form R was revised in May 1992 to
include the Pollution Prevention Act require-
ments. November 1992 was the expiration date
given by the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) when it approved the Form on May 19,
1992. However, the Pollution Prevention Act
Implementation Provisions of the 1993 Appro-
priations Act allows the Agency to continue to
use this Form R until regulations are
promulgated. Therefore, this Form R is still
valid and should be used for all submissions
until changes are made to the form.
Q20 Why don't the totals reported for
"Source Reduction and Recycling Activities"
in Section 8 of the Form R equal the
quantities reported for "Transfers of the
Toxic Chemical in Wastes to Off-Site
Locations" in Section 6 of Form R? Do these
represent different quantities? Why are the
data reported in two places on the Form R?
A The quantities reported in Sections 6 and 8
may be different if the facility has reported
accidental or one-time releases not related to
production. Quantities reported in Section 8.1
through 8.7 do not include such quantities,
while quantities reported in Section 6 do. If the
facility has not reported any non-production
related releases, the quantities reported in
Section 8 and Section 6 should be the same.
A-5
-------
IB
0*M«,|
Appendix A — Questions and Answers
Differences in the data are also due to different
interpretations made by reporting facilities
when completing Sections 6 and 8. EPA is
building on the experience gained from the
1991 through 1994 reports to develop final
guidance for reporting facilities.
Q21 How does the quantity released,
reported in Section 8 of the Form R, Source
Reduction and Recycling Activities, differ
from the quantities reported in the Section 5,
Releases of the Toxic Chemical to the
Environment On-Site?
A The quantity reported as released in
Section 8.1 can differ from the total of the
releases reported in Section 5 in two basic
ways. First, the quantity reported in Section 8
includes quantities sent off-site for disposal.
This quantity Is not reported in Section 5 but is
reported in Section 6. Second, the quantity
reported in Sections 8.1-8.7 should not include
any quantities released to the environment
because of catastrophic, remedial, or one-time
events that are non-routine (not associated with
production operations). Such quantities would
be included as part of the total releases reported
in Section 5 and Section 8.8.
Q22 Why are the off-site energy recovery,
recycling, and treatment data characterized
differently from these same activities on-site?
A The difference in how the data are charac-
terized is based on the level of knowledge the
facility has. For example, a facility is able to
estimate the amount of the toxic chemical
recovered by on-site recycling processes
because this activity is under its control. The
facility is not likely to know the amount
recovered through a similar activity occurring
off-site because it is not under its control. What
the facility should know, however, is the
quantity of the chemical sent off-site for the
purpose of recycling. This same difference in
knowledge applies to on-site and off-site energy
recovery and treatment. The facility can estimate
amounts combusted for energy and destroyed
through their treatment processes, but they may
only know the amounts sent off-site for the
purpose of energy recovery and treatment.
Q23 Why are the individual quantities
reported in Section 8, Source Reduction and
Recycling Activities, mutually exclusive?
A These quantities are designed to add up to
the total amount of the TRI chemical in waste
streams (exclusive of catastrophic, remedial, or
one-time non-production related releases). To
accomplish this, the individual quantities under-
going each type of waste management activity
must be mutually exclusive because any double
or multiple counting of an amount of the
reported TRI chemical in waste streams will
inflate the actual total. By avoiding multiple
counting, a more accurate picture of how the
toxic chemical in waste streams is managed
within the waste management hierarchy can be
obtained.
Q24 Why are catastrophic releases reported
separately?
A The catastrophic releases are reported
separately because they cannot be predicted and
generally are not amenable to source reduction
efforts.
Q25 Why are the recycling numbers so large?
A The recycling numbers are very large in
comparison with the amounts reported as being
released to the environment because the nature
of recycling is to recover the chemical for further
use. Unlike the quantities released, which leave
the process, the amounts recycled return to the
process again and again.
A-6
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
TO
Q26 How will EPA and others use the
"future years" reported estimates? What if
actual estimates differ from the projected
estimates?
A EPA will use the future estimates data as
indicators of possible future trends in waste
management. The future year estimates are
projections and do not represent a commitment
or a quantity that the facility must meet under
penalty of enforcement. In addition, this data is
useful to city planners in identifying future
pollution loads and opportunities for new
businesses.
Q27 What is the production index?
A The production index is a ratio of produc-
tion during the reporting year and production
during the prior year. It is intended to allow data
users to assess the impact of business changes
on changes in total waste generated.
Q28 How is a chemical that is treated on-site
and then disposed of reported in Section 8 of
the Form R?
A The amount of a chemical destroyed in
on-site treatment is the quantity reported as
treated on-site. Any amount not destroyed (the
balance) is reported as the quantity "released"
(including transferred off-site for disposal).
Q29 Does EPA plan to review the quality of
the data reported in Section 8 of the Form R?
A EPA has instituted a computerized review
of the data, primarily, to check potential data
discrepancies between Section 8 and Sections 5
and 6 of the form.
Q30 What is the difference between energy
recovery and incineration?
A Both incineration and energy recovery
involve combustion of a toxic chemical in a
waste. However, they have different purposes.
Energy recovery is combustion of toxic waste
occurring in a boiler, kiln, or industrial furnace
in which the heat from the combustion is used to
generate steam or to heat other materials in a
manufacturing process. Incineration is the
combustion of toxic waste in order to destroy
the toxic chemical by converting it into one or
more other chemicals.
Q31 Over 1 million pounds of various metals
and metal compounds have been reported as
transferred to energy recovery. Can metal
compounds be used for energy recovery?
A No. These reports were made in error.
They may represent metal compounds in waste
solvents that were sent to an energy recovery
unit. EPA's instructions cite metals as an
example of the type of chemicals that should not
be reported as undergoing energy recovery
because they do not contribute to the heating
value of the waste stream.
Q32 A large quantity of toluene was
reported as burned off-site for energy
recovery in 1994. Does any of the toluene get
released to the environment as a result of
this?
A Energy recovery processes are not 100%
efficient. Therefore, some small amount of the
toluene is likely to be released, either as un-
combusted material or as fugitive releases from
the handling of the toluene-containing material
prior to combustion.
Q33 How are the data elements in Section 8
of Form R different from those stated in the
Pollution Prevention Act?
A Facilities do not report the "quantity
entering any waste stream prior to recycling,
treatment, or disposal" as stated in the PPA. This
number is derived by EPA by adding up the
individual quantities that were reported as
released, used for energy recovery, treated, and
A-7
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
recycled. This total number is available in the
public database for each chemical reported by a
facility. Energy recovery, which is not discussed
in the PPA, has aspects of both recycling and
waste treatment and is reported separately from
the quantities reported as treated or recycled.
Instead of reporting the percent changes of
quantities reported in Sections 8.1-8.7 from the
prior year and for the next two years, the Form
R collects the actual prior year quantity and the
estimated two future years' quantities in pounds
per year. Quantities treated, recycled, or under-
going energy recovery are reported separately
by whether they occur on-site or off-site.
Q34 What is the Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) doing to
reduce environmental releases reportable
under EPCRA section 313?
A OPPT is using TRI data to help target
activities, chemicals, facilities, and industry
categories that are of high concern. The Pollu-
tion Prevention Policy Council's initiative,
"Source Reduction Review Project," is one
example where the TRI data were used as a
screening tool to identify a group of industrial
categories as long-term targets of opportunity.
As a part of this project, OPPT is working with
other program offices to incorporate prevention
into their programs through regulation, where
feasible, and through guidance and voluntary
efforts. OPPT is also working with industry
(usually through trade associations) to raise
awareness of the benefits of pollution preven-
tion. OPPT also conducts training programs that
help orient government and industry toward
pollution prevention and to incorporate preven-
tion into their regular activities. A state grants
program is available to help states develop
pollution prevention programs. OPPT and the
Office of Research and Development have
developed a clearinghouse, the Pollution
Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIC),
that provides information on pollution
prevention for industry, government, and public
interest groups to use in encouraging and imple-
menting prevention.
Q35 The quantity of certain chemicals
released (at a particular facility or
nationwide) is decreasing. What does this
mean?
A Currently, Form R does not allow for
facility- and-chemical specific quantification of
source reduction. Also, the TRI database does
not include specific explanations of the reasons
for changes in quantities reported by facilities.
The new TRI data required under the PPA can
give some indication of whether changes are due
to shifting of chemicals off-site for energy
recovery, treatment, or recycling; decrease in
economic activity or production levels; or
source reduction. Many other factors, however,
may also cause changes in reported release
quantities, for example, substitution of one
chemical for another, changes in accounting or
estimation techniques, changes in the design of
a product, or regulatory requirements. A study
completed by OPPT examined how some of the
above factors contributed to changes in releases
and transfers between 1989 and 1990. The study
found that although source reduction was a
significant factor in explaining some of the
changes, fluctuations in production were more
frequently cited for individual facilities'
increases and decreases. This is an important
consideration because measuring progress in
source reduction must also take into account
production changes.
A-8
-------
Source reduction is too complex to be captured
by only one measure. These data collected on
Form R will help EPA better evaluate release
trends and will also be critical in developing a
comprehensive understanding of the effects of
Appendix A — Questions and Answers
pollution prevention activities. The data provide
EPA with a more comprehensive view of waste
management practices. They shift the focus
from releases to movement up the waste
management hierarchy.
V. MATERIALS ACCOUNTING
Q36 What is materials accounting?
A Materials accounting is a tool that tracks
the use and flow of chemicals through manu-
facturing processes. Data elements that may be
considered part of a materials accounting
program could include: quantity of chemical
brought on-site, quantity of chemical produced
on-site, quantity of chemical consumed in the
manufacturing process, quantity of chemical
contained in product, quantity of chemical
contained in waste.
Q37 Why is EPA interested in expanding
TRI to collect materials accounting
information under EPCRA?
A Communities and public interest groups
have indicated to EPA that there are gaps in
existing Right-to-Know information and that
materials accounting information would be
useful, not only to them, but to the government
and industry itself. These groups believe that
materials accounting data, in the hands of the
public, would provide information that would
aid in studies on a variety of issues including,
but not limited to, trend information on
chemical use patterns, the quantity of toxics in
products, worker health and safety issues, and
promoting and tracking pollution prevention
activities.
Q38 What are the concerns voiced about the
collection of materials accounting
information under EPCRA?
A The most common concerns about the
collection of materials accounting information
voiced to EPA include the potential loss of
confidential business information to competi-
tors, whether EPA has the legislative authority to
collect this type of information, and the public's
ability to interpret and use this type of
information. The basic need for the collection
and public dissemination of chemical use
information has been questioned by some
stakeholders. Some people believe that the
collection of materials accounting data would
cause duplicative reporting because some
industrial facilities may already be required to
report this or similar information under other
environmental statutes. Industry spokespersons
are also concerned that a materials accounting
program would impose an excessive reporting
burden to industry.
Q39 Does EPA plan to expand the reporting
requirements to include the collection of
materials accounting information? Does EPA
expect to come out with a proposed rule for
the implementation of a materials accounting
program?
A EPA is committed to strengthening the
public's Right-to-Know. EPA is presently
examining the issues related to the collection
and dissemination of materials accounting
information to determine if there are data gaps
A-9
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TM
Appendix A — Questions and Answers
I
that could be filled by expansion of TRL Two
public meetings have been held on this topic, in
September 1994 and in October 1995. After
reviewing the comments from these meetings,
EPA has developed steps for further analyses.
For example, EPA will evaluate the two state
programs (New Jersey and Massachusetts) that
already collect materials accounting informa-
tion; existing, internal EPA databases for overlap
of relevant materials accounting information; the
potential to collect occupational health and
safety information; and concerns about potential
loss of confidential business information as a
result of reporting.
EPA is still examining the issues surrounding a
materials accounting program. As the benefits
and concerns are studied and assessed, EPA will
report back to the public with its plans on this
issue.
VI. ALTERNATE THRESHOLD RULE
Q40 What is the Alternate Threshold Rule?
A EPA finalized a reporting modification that
was effective January 1,1995. In the final rule,
59 PR 61488, entitled "TRI Alternate Threshold
for Facilities with Low Annual Reportable
Amounts," EPA established a reporting option
for facilities that meet TRI reporting thresholds
for a listed chemical, but whose total annual
reportable amount (defined below) does not
exceed 500 pounds for that chemical.
For facilities that do not exceed the 500-pound
criterion for a listed chemical, this reporting
modification provides the option of applying an
"alternate manufacture, process or otherwise use
threshold" of 1 million pounds to the chemical.
If a facility does not exceed the 1 million pound
(alternate) threshold, then that facility is eligible
to submit a "certification statement" in place of
a full Form R.
A facility that fits within the category descrip-
tion, and manufactures, processes, or otherwise
uses no more than 1 million pounds of a listed
toxic chemical annually, and whose owner/
operator elects to take advantage of the alternate
threshold is not considered a TRI covered
facility for that chemical for the purpose of
submitting a Form R. This determination may
provide further regulatory relief from other
Federal or state regulations that apply to
facilities on the basis of their TRI reporting
status. A facility will need to refer to other
applicable regulations in order to determine if
other requirements are affected by this reporting
modification.
Q41 What is included in the total annual
reportable amount?
A For the purpose of this reporting modifica-
tion, the annual reportable amount is equal to
the combined total quantities managed on a per-
chemical basis, which are disposed of within the
facility, treated at the facility (as represented by
amounts destroyed or converted by waste
treatment processes), recovered at the facility as
a result of recycling operations, combusted for
the purpose of energy recovery at the facility,
and amounts transferred from the facility to off-
site locations for the purpose of recycling,
energy recovery, treatment, and/or disposal.
These volumes correspond to the sum of
amounts reportable for data elements on EPA
Form R (EPA Form 9350-1; Rev. 12/4/93) as
Part El column B of Section 8, data elements
A-10
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Appendix A •
• Questions and Answers
i
8.1. Quantity Released; 8.2. Quantity Used for
Energy Recovery On-site; 8.3. Quantity Used
for Energy Recovery Off-site; 8.4. Quantity
Recycled On-site; 8.5. Quantity Recycled Off-
site; 8.6. Quantity Treated On-site; and 8.7.
Quantity Treated Off-site.
Q42 Why did EPA establish the Alternate
Threshold reporting option?
A This rulemaking was undertaken in
response to two petitions that requested EPA to
provide some regulatory relief for a subset of
facilities covered under EPCRA section 313.
The certification statement provided by this
rulemaking creates a simplified form of
reporting which is intended to reduce the
compliance burden associated with EPCRA
section 313 reporting without significantly
reducing the amount of release data available to
the public. EPA estimates approximately 20,100
Form Rs can be replaced by certification
statements based on 1992 reporting trends.
Q43 How much money is this expected to
save?
A EPA estimates that this modification will
save industry and EPA an annual total of $17.3
million and $700,000, respectively.
Q44 What information will be collected on
the certification statement and how will that
information be made available to the public?
A The certification statement must be
submitted on an annual basis for each eligible
chemical. The information submitted on the
certification statement includes facility
identification information and the chemical or
chemical category identity. The information
submitted on the certification statement will
appear in the TRI database in the same manner
that information submitted on Form R appears,
excluding the release, transfer, and other waste
management quantities. An approved certifi-
cation statement, including a magnetic media
version, was made available in the 1995 TRI
Form R and Instructions package.
Q45 Aren't there some chemicals for which
500 pounds of releases could be a potentially
serious environmental or health problem?
Why is the 500-pound cut-off the same for all
chemicals, regardless of their toxicity?
A When EPA began evaluating approaches to
a reporting modification that would provide
regulatory burden reduction, it considered
making a distinction among the listed chemicals.
EPA recognizes that there are differences in
toxicities among the chemicals listed under
EPCRA section 313. However, EPA determined
that in order to effectively accomplish burden
reduction, it was also necessary that the
mechanism which provides the burden reduction
not be unduly complicated. Therefore, in order
to ensure that reporting modifications not
jeopardize the public's Right-to-Know, a
quantity for the "annual reportable amount" was
selected that would be acceptable for application
to the complete list of chemicals.
EPA believes the level of 500 pounds selected
for this reporting modification, coupled with the
information collected by the certification
statement, will not appreciably lessen the value
of currently collected information. EPA is
planning a future modification of current
thresholds to more fully capture information on
chemicals that persist in the environment and
bioaccumulate.
A-11
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no
Appendix A — Questions and Answers
I
Q46 What kind of recordkeeping is required
of facilities that submit certification
statements?
A Owners and operators who determine that
they are eligible and wish to apply the alternate
threshold to a particular chemical must retain
records substantiating this determination for a
period of three years from the date of the
submission of the certification statement. These
records must include the calculations made by
the facility that confirm its eligibility for each
chemical for which the alternate threshold was
applied as well as sufficient documentation to
support these calculations.
VII. TRI LIST OF CHEMICALS
Q47 How was the list of chemicals subject to
TRI reporting created?
A A list of chemicals subject to TRI report-
ing was given to EPA by Congress in EPCRA.
The statutory list was derived from separate lists
from the states of New Jersey and Maryland.
The criteria for chemicals on the Maryland and
New Jersey lists differ from the criteria estab-
lished under EPCRA section 313. For instance,
the Maryland list is a survey list and consists of
chemicals that are noted for toxicity and/or
high-volume activities in that state. As a result
of these differences in listing criteria, a number
of chemicals have been added to the TRI list
that were not on the original state lists. Also, a
number of chemicals have been deleted from the
original TRI list of toxic chemicals because EPA
determined that they did not meet any of the
criteria for listing.
Under EPCRA section 313, anyone can petition
EPA to add a chemical(s) to, or delete a chemi-
cal(s) from, the list of chemicals.
EPA has developed criteria and is currently
refining the process for reviewing the TRI list of
chemicals. The result of this exercise will allow
EPA to more effectively add chemicals to and
delete chemicals from the list. This will result in
reporting on chemicals that meet the intent of
section 313,
Q48 What are the criteria for listing a
chemical under section 313 of EPCRA?
A For a chemical or chemical category to
remain on or be added to the TRI list, it must be
known to cause or reasonably be anticipated to
cause one of the following:
• Significant adverse acute health effects at
concentration levels that are reasonably
likely to exist beyond facility boundaries as
a result of continuous, or frequently
recurring, releases;
* In humans—cancer; teratogenic effects; or
serious or irreversible reproductive
dysfunction, neurological disorders,
heritable genetic mutations, or other chronic
health effects;
• A significant adverse effect on the environ-
ment because of its toxicity, its toxicity and
persistence in the environment, or its
toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate in
the environment of sufficient seriousness to
warrant reporting under EPCRA section 313.
Q49 What chemicals have been added to the
TM list?
A EPA added to the list nine chemicals that
were subject to reporting for the 1990 reporting
year. These chemicals were added to the list for
A-12
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
in
PA Mm,
•fjWXfctt
cancer or other chronic toxicity concerns. These
chemicals are:
Allyl alcohol
Creosote
2,3-Dichloropropene
m-Dinitrobenzene
o-Dinitrobenzene
p-Dinitrobenzene
Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers)
Isosafrole
Toluene diisocyanate (mixed isomers)
As a result of a petition submitted by three
governors and the Natural Resources Defense
Council, EPA also added to the list seven
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons that
were subject to reporting beginning with the
1991 reporting year. These chemicals were
added because they are stratospheric ozone
depleters. Depletion of stratospheric ozone can
lead to adverse human health and environmental
effects. These chemicals are:
Bromochlorodifluoromethane (Halon
1211)
Bromotritluoromethane (Halon 1301)
Dibromotetrafluoroethane (Halon 2402)
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114)
Monochloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115)
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11)
In response to another petition, 11 hydrochloro-
fluorocarbons (HCFCs) were also added, subject
to reporting beginning with the 1994 reporting
year (reports due by July 1, 1995). These
chemicals were added because they are listed as
Class II ozone-depleting substances in section
602(b) of the Clean Air Act. These chemicals
are:
Chlorodifhioromethane (HCFC-22)
Dichlorotrifluoroethane (HCFC-123) and
isomers
* Reporting for these chemicals has been suspended.
Chlorotetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124) and
isomers
1,1-DicMoro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b)
and isomers
1 -Chloro-1,1 -difluoroethane (HCFC-142b)
An additional 21 chemicals and two chemical
categories that appear on the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) list of
hazardous wastes were added to the TRI list.
Reporting for these chemicals was required
beginning with the 1994 reporting year (reports
due by July 1, 1995). These chemicals are:
Acetophenone
Amitrole
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Dihydrosafrole
Ethylene bisdithiocarbamic acid, salts and
esters
Ethylidene dichloride
Formic acid
Hexachlorophene
Hydrogen sulfide*
Malononitrile
Methacrylonitrile
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Methyl mercaptan*
2-Methylpyridine
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Paraldehyde
Pentachloroethane
Pronamide
1,1,1,2-Tetraehloroethane
Thiram
Trypan blue
Warfarin and salts
On November 30, 1994, EPA issued a final rule
adding 286 chemicals to the TRI list, including
about 160 pesticides. Many of these chemicals
have been identified as of concern under
sections 112(b) and 602(b) of the Clean Air Act,
section 307(a) of the Clean Water Act, section
1412 of the Safe Drinking Water Act, and under
A-13
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1M
Appendix A — Questions and Answers
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act.
Q50 How were the chemicals added in
November 1994 selected?
A EPA began with a pool of 1,031 chemicals
regulated or identified as of concern under
various environmental statutes. In addition, EPA
considered chemicals designated as possible,
probable, or known carcinogens in the Mono-
graphs of the International Agency for Research
on Cancer (IARC) and the 6th annual Report on
Carcinogens of the National Toxicology
Program (NTP), U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services.
This list was narrowed by excluding those
chemicals already on TRI or proposed for
addition in response to a petition. The remaining
chemicals underwent a toxicity screen using
numerical criteria guidelines arid a production
volume screen. This narrowed the list of
candidates to approximately 400 chemicals.
The remaining candidates underwent a rigorous
hazard assessment, including a detailed review
of the toxicity of each to determine whether the
chemical meets the statutory criteria for listing.
QSl How many of the chemicals proposed to
be added by EPA were not added because
they did not meet the criteria for listing?
A EPA determined that three of the proposed
chemicals did not meet the statutory criteria for
listing and so they were not added. These three
chemicals are:
Clomazone
5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol
Tetrasodiumethylenediaminetetraacetate
Q52 Why did EPA defer the addition of 40
chemicals and one chemical category?
A EPA decided to defer action on 40
chemicals and one chemical category because
more time was needed to address technical and
policy issues that were raised about these
chemicals. EPA did not wish to delay action on
the addition of 286 chemicals that met the
listing criteria, so the public comments on the
deferred chemicals will be addressed in a future
rulemaking.
Q53 If EPA proposed 313 chemicals and
deferred or dropped 44, how is it that 286
chemicals were finalized?
A The discrepancy arises from the addition
of the diisocyanates category. The 313
chemicals in the proposed rule included three
individual diisocyanates. As an alternative, EPA
proposed adding the three diisocyanates and 17
other diisocyanates as a delimited category, but
the additional 17 diisocyanates were not counted
in the 313 proposed chemicals. EPA finalized
the alternative proposal, and the 17 additional
diisocyanates were counted among the 286
chemicals finalized.
Q541 understand that EPA's November 30,
1994, rulemaking that added 286 chemicals
and chemical categories to the TRI chemical
list was challenged in court. Who challenged
the rule, and has the case been settled?
A Four organizations (Chemical
Manufacturers Association, National Oilseed
Processors Association, Troy Corporation, and
NMP Producers Group) challenged several
aspects of the November 30,1994, rulemaking.
Combined, these suits challenged the listing of
the following chemicals and chemical
categories: hexane; 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl
carbamate; 2,6-dimethylphenol; bronopol;
polychlorinated alkanes; methyltrichlorosilane;
dimethyldichlorosilane; trimethylchlorosilane;
A-14
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
isophorone diisocyanate; 2,2,4-trimethyl-
hexamethylene diisocyanate; 2,4,4-trimethyl-
hexamethylene diisocyanate; and N-msthyl-2-
pyrrolidone. CMA's suit also challenged EPA's
decision to not consider exposure for the 152
moderately high to highly toxic chemicals that
were added in this rulemaking based on suffi-
cient evidence of adverse chronic health effects.
On April 30,1996, Judge Gladys Kessler of the
United States District Court for the District of
Columbia ruled in EPA's favor with respect to
all claims. Therefore, all of the challenged
chemicals are reportable beginning with the
1995 reporting year, except for the three chloro-
silanes (methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyl-
dichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane). EPA
voluntarily remanded these chlorosilanes;
therefore, they are not reportable for the 1995
reporting year.
Q55 Where can lists of the added and
deferred chemicals be obtained?
A The lists are in the final rule which was
published in the Federal Register on November
30, 1994 (59 PR 61432). Copies may be
obtained by contacting the EPCRA Hotline
(1-800-535-0202).
Q56 How many additional reports will be
submitted due to the addition of 286
chemicals?
A The first reports for these chemicals will
be required for reporting year 1995 and will be
submitted by August 1,1996. EPA estimates that
about 10,500 additional reports and 3,500
certification statements will be submitted,
assuming facilities use the alternate threshold
reporting option, which is also effective for the
1995 reporting year and beyond. The alternate
threshold reporting option is further discussed in
Section VI of this Appendix.
Q57 What chemicals have been deleted from
the TRI list or had their listings modified?
A The following individually listed
chemicals have been deleted from the TRI list:
Acetone
Ammonium sulfate (solution)*
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Color Index (C.I.) Acid Blue 9
diammonium salt
C.I. Acid Blue 9 disodium salt
Di-n-octyl phthalate (n-dioctyl phthalate)
Melamine
Sodium hydroxide (solution)
Sodium sulfate (solution)
Terephthalic acid
Titanium dioxide
The following chemicals have been deleted
from the categories indicated:
Barium sulfate (barium compounds
category)
Copper phthalocyanine compounds
substituted with only bromine, chlorine,
and/or hydrogen (copper compounds
category)
High molecular weight glycol ethers were
deleted from the glycol ethers category
by redefining the category to exclude
such chemicals.
The following chemicals have had their listings
modified; they now include the modifier shown
in parenthesis:
Aluminum oxide (fibrous forms)
Ammonia (includes anhydrous ammonia
and aqueous ammonia from water,
dissociable ammonium salts, and other
sources; 10% of total aqueous ammonia
is reportable under this listing)
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including
mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other
airborne forms of any particle size)
*The aqueous ammonia from ammonium sulfate solutions is still reportable under the ammonia listing.
A-15
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
Q58 Has EPA taken any other actions on
listed chemicals?
A On August 22, 1994, EPA issued an
administrative stay for hydrogen sulfide and
methyl mercaptan and on October 27, 1995,
EPA issued an administrative stay for 2,2-
dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA). Until
these stays are lifted, hydrogen sulfide, methyl
mercaptan, and DBNPA are not reportable under
EPCRA section 313.
Q59 What is the status of EPCRA section
313 petitions to date?
A EPA has responded to and is currently
working on many petitions to modify the
EPCRA section 313 list of toxic chemicals. The
following is a summary of section 313 petition
activity to date.
EPCRA Section 313 Petitions
Chemical
Acetone
Aluminum oxide (non-fibrous)
Alloys
Ammonium sulfate (solution) (2)
Antimony tris(iso-octyl-mercaptoacetate)
Barium sulfate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Cadmium selenide
Cadmium sulfide
CFC-11 (3)
CFC-114
CFC-115
CFC-12
Chromium (IE) compounds
C.I. Acid Blue 9 disodium and diammonium salts (4)
CJ. Pigment Blue 15
C.I. Pigment Green 36
C.I. Pigment Green 7
Cobalt and compounds
Copper metal
Copper mono-chlorophthalocyanine (5)
Cyclohexane
Chromium antimony titanium buff rutile
Decabromodiphenyl ether
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
Di-n-Octyl phthalate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Disodium and monosodium methane arsenate
Ethylene
Ethylene glycol
Glycol ethers
Halon 1211
Halon 1301
Halon 2402
Hydrochlorofiuorocarbons (6)
Action Requested
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
List
List
List
List
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Modify
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Modify
List
List
List
List
Status
Granted
Granted
Denied (1)
Partially Granted
Denied
Granted
Granted
Denied
Denied
Granted
Granted
Granted
Granted
Denied
Granted
Granted
Granted
Granted
Denied
Pending
Granted
Denied
Denied
Denied
Comment Requested
Granted
Proposed
Pending
Proposed
Denied
Denied
Pending
Granted
Granted
Granted
Granted
Partially Granted
A-16
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
Hydrochloric acid
Inorganic fluorides
Iron chromite
Manganese and compounds
Manganese and compounds in slags
Melamine
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Molybdenum trioxide
Nickel and compounds
ortho-Phenylphenol
Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid
Phthalic anhydride
Polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate
Propylene
Sodium hydroxide (solution)
Sodium sulfate (solution)
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid
Terephthalic acid
Titanium dioxide
Trifluralin
Zinc borate hydrate
Zinc sulfide
82 RCRA Chemicals (6)
Modify
List
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Modify
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
Delist
List
Proposed
Denied
Withdrawn
Denied
Denied
Granted
Withdrawn
Withdrawn
Withdrawn
Denied
Denied
Withdrawn
Pending
Withdrawn
Pending
Denied
Granted
Granted
Denied
Granted
Granted
Granted
Withdrawn
Denied
Denied
Partially Granted
(1) EPA is reviewing whether certain constituent metals of alloys should be reportable.
(2) The ammonium sulfate (solution) deletion will not result in a loss of reporting, but rather in more focused reporting since the
aqueous ammonia from ammonium sulfate solutions is still reportable under the modified ammonia listing.
(3) CFC = Chlorofluorocarbon
(4) C.I. = Color Index
(5) Finalized as copper phthaloeyanine compounds substituted only with bromine, chlorine, and/or hydrogen.
(6) Refer to Question 59 for a complete list of the HCFCs and RCRA chemicals that were added to the list.
VIII. AIR EMISSIONS
Q60 What are the air quality impacts and
toxicity concerns for the TRI chemicals with
the largest air releases?
A The 15 chemicals with the largest releases
to the air account for 79% of all air releases.
A number of TRI chemicals (e.g. methanol,
toluene, xylenes, styrene) are volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) that participate in
atmospheric photochemical reactions that
contribute to the secondary formation of
tropospheric (ground-level) ozone, commonly
referred to as smog. Ground-level ozone is a
respiratory tract irritant that reacts rapidly with
the tissues and fluids lining the airways of the
lungs. Ozone is known to exacerbate pre-
existing respiratory conditions such as asthma.
Additionally, a number of the chemicals
reported to TRI that pose direct health effects
are regulated under the Clean Air Act Amend-
ments as Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs). The
A-17
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TH
Appendix A — Questions and Answers
possible health effects are classified into several
categories:
Carcinogenic: Chemicals that have a probability
of resulting in cancer.
Reproductive: Chemicals that have a probability
of causing adverse effects on the reproductive
system.
Developmental: Chemicals that have a
probability of causing detrimental effects during
the embryonic stages of development.
Neurotoxicity: Chemicals that have a probability
of causing adverse effects on the nervous
system.
Q61 What regulatory authority does the
Agency have to reduce toxic air emissions?
A Title I of the Clean Air Act Amendments
(CAAA) covers emission reduction for volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) to meet ambient air
quality standards for ozone. These programs are
controlled to some extent by state and/or local
governments. A number of TRJ chemicals are
regulated under Title I as VOCs that participate
in atmospheric photochemical reactions to
produce ozone, a regulated ambient air
pollutant.
Title HI of the CAAA is the primary regulatory
tool by which EPA controls emissions of air
toxics. Title III (specifically section 112) lists
189 Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), almost
all of which are part of the TRI list. Twelve of
the top 15 TRI chemicals with the largest air
emissions are also HAPs.
Title ffl, section 112(b) of the CAAA, lists
hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that EPA is
required to regulate by categories of HAPs
sources. In accordance with section 112, EPA
published the final list of categories of sources
to be regulated on July 16, 1992 (57 F.R.
31576). Under section 112(d), EPA must issue
regulations requiring listed categories of sources
emitting HAPs to utilize control technologies to
reduce their air emissions, for example, the
maximum achievable control technology
(MACT). After the application of the maximum
achievable control technology (MACT)
standards, section 112(f) states that EPA may
issue additional standards, if necessary, within
eight years to further protect the public.
One of the first standards to be promulgated
under Title III was the Hazardous Organic
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants, or the HON Rule, October 1992. The
HON Rule had far-reaching effects because it
required reductions of 110 of the 189 hazardous
air pollutants. The HON/MACT standard
affected many sources of toxic emissions, such
as process vents, equipment leaks, and storage
tanks at chemical manufacturing plants. The
requirement resulted in substantial reductions in
emissions from the affected facilities.
Title in, Section 112(r) of the CAAA, requires
EPA to develop risk management planning
(RMP) regulations to help prevent accidental
releases of at least 100 substances. In January
1994, EPA promulgated a final list consisting of
140 toxic and flammable substances, as well as
Division 1.1 explosives, which will be subject to
the requirements in the RMP rulemaking.
Facilities producing, handling, or storing thresh-
old quantities of listed substances, including
chlorine and ammonia, will be required to
undertake a risk management program and
develop risk management plans available to the
public. The program must include a hazard
assessment, prevention program, and emergency
response program.
In addition to the other air pollutant regulations,
section 604 of Title VI mandates restrictions of
ozone-depleting chemicals. On December 10,
1993, EPA published a final rule (58 PR 65018)
that phases out the production of ozone-
depleting chemicals, including Freon 113,
dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), and 1,1,1-
trichloroethane (methyl chloroform), by
A-18
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
January 1, 1996, due to their ozone-depleting
potential. The effective date of this rule was
January 1, 1994. (See question 49 for the ozone-
. depleting chemicals added to TRI.)
The EPA's Technology Transfer Network
Bulletin Board System (TTN BBS) is an
excellent resource for information regarding
proposed and promulgated rules pursuant to the
1990 CAAA. The modem number is (919) 541-
5742, and it operates at 8,N,1 (8 databits, No
parity, 1 stopbit). For more information
regarding the TTN BBS, including Internet
access, contact the help desk at (919) 541-5384.
Q62 How are the TM chemicals with large
quantities of air emissions regulated?
A Listed below are the 10 chemicals with the
greatest total reported air emissions in TRI for
1994, and the authority by which they will be
regulated under the Clean Air Act Amendments.
Chemical
Methanol
Toluene
Ammonia
Xylene
Carbon disulfide
Methyl ethyl ketone
Hydrochloric acid
Dichloromethane
Chlorine
Glycol ethers
Styrene
1,1,1-Trichloroe thane
Ethylene
Trichloroethylene
n-Butyl alcohol
Regulated
Provision under
Clean Air Act Amendment
Title I and Title HI
Section 112(b)
Title I and Title m
Section 112(b)
Title 01 Section 112(r)
Title I and Title m
Section 112(b)
Title I and Title HI
Section 112(b)
Title I and Title 03
Section 112(b)
Title ffl Section 112(b)
Title ffl Section 112(b)
Title m Section 112(b)
and 112(r)
Title ffl Section 112(b)
Title HI Section 112(b)
Title I, Title HI
Section 112(b), and
Title VI
Title I
Title ffl Section 112(b)
Title I
Q63 Why are some of the CAAA's 189
hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) not
included in the TRI list of chemicals?
A Nine chemicals listed as HAPs in the
CAAA that were not listed on EPCRA section
313 were proposed for addition as part of the
Agency's expansion of the TRI chemical list.
On November 22, 1994, EPA issued a final rule
that added six of those nine chemicals to the
TRI list. Facilities regulated under EPCRA
section 313 were required to report on the
following HAPs for the first time in reporting
year 1995:
Dimethyl formamide
Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate
Hexane
Phosphine
Polycyclic Organic Matter (polycyclic
aromatic compounds)
Triethylamine
The following three HAPs were proposed for
listing but deferred and as such are still not
listed on EPCRA section 313:
Caprolactam
Isophorone
Mineral fibers
The following six HAPs have not been proposed
for addition to the TRI chemical list:
Coke Oven Emissions
p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
(DDE)
Radionuclides (including radon)
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
There are various reasons why the remaining
hazardous air pollutants have not been proposed
for addition to EPCRA section 313. Two
examples follow: 1) Coke oven emissions is a
process category. It consists of a mixture of
various chemicals that are individually listed on
EPCRA section 313 or are being proposed for
addition to EPCRA section 313, i.e., polycyclic
A-19
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
aromatic compounds. EPA believes that, for the
purposes of the Toxics Release Inventory, coke
oven emissions are more appropriately covered
by listing the constituents rather than the process
category. 2) Other chemicals such as 2,3,7,8-
tetraehlorodibenzo-p-dioxin are not produced in
quantities that will meet or exceed the EPCRA
section 313 reporting thresholds. Listing this
type of chemical would not result in the
submission of TRI reports.
IX. WATER DISCHARGES
Q64 What are the water quality impacts and
toxicity concerns for the TRI chemicals with
the largest surface water releases?
A The six chemicals with the largest releases
to surface waters account for 89.5% of all the
discharges to surface waters reported to the TRI
for 1994. The top six chemicals are:
phosphoric acid
ammonia
methanol
ammonium nitrate (solution)
ammonium sulfate (solution)
zinc compounds
Phosphoric acid affects water quality primarily
by introducing phosphates into the water body.
Phosphates may cause algae blooms which
result in deoxygenation of water and other
effects which may lead ultimately to fish kills.
Ammonia, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium
nitrate primarily affect water quality by
introducing ammonia into the water body. EPA
has issued water quality criteria for ammonia.
EPA also regulates the oxygen demand from
ammonia and the nutrient impact of all three
ammonia chemicals. Methanol is a semi-volatile
chemical that biodegrades readily and is toxic
only at moderately high levels. Zinc compounds
are toxic to fish and other aquatic life.
EPA continues to examine all chemicals
discharged to surface waters to see if their
toxicity or the characteristics of the receiving
waters require short-term or long-term attention.
The environmental impact of these discharges is
much more dependent on the toxicity of the
chemicals and on the physical, chemical, and
biological characteristics of the receiving waters
than simply on the weight of these chemicals.
Q65 The discharge of phosphoric acid to
surface waters decreased by over 150 million
pounds between 1993 and 1994, almost six
times more than any other chemical
discharged to water. What accounts for this
large decrease in the discharge of phosphoric
acid to surface water?
A Previous TRI reports indicated that two
IMC-Agrico facilities in Louisiana reported
discharges of very large quantities of phosphoric
acid (110.7 million pounds in 1988). In
December of 1991, the company set a voluntary
goal of reducing its discharges by 75% (from
1988 levels) by 1994. The 1994 levels were
reported at 13.5 million pounds, a reduction of
88%. A large portion of the decrease in phos-
phoric acid discharges for 1994 is a result of
implementation of the pollution prevention
initiative at IMC-Agrico's Uncle Sam and
Faustina Plants. These reductions were achieved
by preventing rainwater from falling on gypsum
stacks (a byproduct of fertilizer production). The
stacks were covered with an impervious clay
layer and piping was installed to convey any
rainwater runoff to the company's water treat-
ment plant. This best management practice
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
prevented large quantities of contaminated
stormwater from being generated and released
to surface waters,
Q66 How does EPA (or the states) regulate
EPCRA section 313 chemicals discharged to
water?
A Under section 301 of the Clean Water Act
(CWA), the discharge of any pollutant by any
person is unlawful unless it is in compliance
with the provisions of the Act. The provisions
are implemented by EPA and the states through
the development of effluent guidelines, the
adoption of water quality standards, and the
issuance of a National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit. Pursuant
to Congressional directive, these programs have
focused on 126 toxic pollutants of greatest
concern, known as "priority pollutants." How-
ever, regulatory authorities also rely heavily on
measurements of whole effluent toxicity as an
aggregate measure of toxicity and an indication
of the presence of toxic compounds other than
the priority pollutants. The list of priority
pollutants includes 80 of the TRI chemicals.
States are in the process of adopting water
quality standards for those priority pollutants
that could reasonably be expected to interfere
with water quality. The states and EPA then use
standards, together with best available treatment
technology guidelines, to set enforceable permit
limits on the amounts of these and other toxic
pollutants that local governments and industries
are allowed to discharge to waters of the United
States.
While many of the TRI chemicals with the
largest surface water discharges are controlled, a
number of the small-volume chemicals with
high toxicity levels are not fully regulated. EPA
will continue to work with the states to ensure
that all appropriate standards and permits are
adopted. EPA is also preparing to issue Federal
water quality standards if states do not adopt
standards as Congress has directed. In addition,
states and EPA regulate the overall toxicity of
effluents with permit limits that rely upon
biological toxicity tests. These limits serve, in
part, to control the discharge of those TRI
chemicals for which there are no state water
quality standards.
Q67 What are EPA's plans to develop water
quality criteria for chemicals that are on the
EPCEA section 313 list that do not yet have
them?
A EPA has published aquatic life and/or
human health protective ambient water quality
criteria for 134 of the TRI chemicals. There is a
current capability to develop four to six aquatic
life protective water quality criteria a year.
Obviously, at this level of effort, it would take
many years to complete criteria for all of the
chemicals on the TRI list.
Because criteria and advisory development is a
multi-year process, EPA is careful to set
priorities before beginning work. First, EPA
collects a variety of toxicology and exposure
information on chemicals we are considering for
criteria or advisories. Then, EPA ranks the
pollutants. Finally, the Office of Water meets
with other affected offices within EPA to obtain
their views before making a final selection of
chemicals for criteria and advisory develop-
ment. TRI data will play a major role in setting
these priorities.
Once EPA issues a criteria document for a
chemical, the next step is for states to adopt
them as water quality standards under state law.
Those standards are then used to derive enforce-
able NPDES permit limits for specific direct
discharging facilities.
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
i
Q68 What is the process for deciding
whether to revise effluent guidelines or to
develop new effluent guidelines to reflect the
TRI information?
A EPA is required to publish a biennial
effluent guidelines plan under section 304(m) of
the CWA. The purpose of the plan is to identify
those industrial categories for which effluent
limitations and standards should be developed
or revised. Plans were published in 1990, 1992,
and 1994. The 1994 plan did not select any new
industries for development because work still
continued on industries selected in the 1992
plan. The choice of industries to be regulated is
based on a number of factors, including TRI
data. The Office of Prevention, Pesticides and
Toxic Substances has prepared information on
the industrial categories that are responsible for
the majority of the discharges of the TRI
chemicals. A Task Force is currently advising
EPA on how to improve the process for selection
of additional industries, and this may lead to a
greater reliance on TRI data.
Q69 How will EPA use TRI to implement the
Public Water Supply Supervision Program of
the Safe Drinking Water Act?
A The Office of Ground Water and Drinking
Water will use the TRI data in a variety of ways
to identify potential contaminants in specific
geographic areas.
In particular, these data could be source data for
vulnerability assessments to determine fre-
quency of monitoring by public water systems.
The Office of Ground Water and Drinking
Water could review chemicals reported in the
TRI database to identify candidates for future
maximum contaminant level developments.
The Office of Ground Water and Drinking
Water compares hazardous waste injection data
with TRI data to identify and match those
contaminants released.
Q70 How will EPA use the TRI data to
improve the management of the permit
program?
A EPA will investigate the feasibility of EPA
Headquarters and Regions and the states using
TRI data to determine whether permits issued to
some or all of these facilities control the release
of contaminants listed in TRI reports.
The Office of Wastewater Management (OWM)
has used TRI data to begin to identify new
undetected significant industrial users
discharging to POTWs and to identify illegal
unpermitted discharges. The Office of Enforce-
ment and Compliance (OEC) has used data to
identify discharges by industrial users to
POTWs to determine whether additional
NPDES permit limits are needed. OEC, EPA
Regional offices, and states will continue to use
the data for geographic and national planning,
and targeting of activities to high priority areas
(i.e., near coastal areas, wetlands) and to target
inspections to suspected violators that could
lead to permit modification, new or revised
limits when the permit is reissued, or an
enforcement action.
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X. UNDERGROUND INJECTION
Q?l What is an underground injection of
toxic chemicals?
A Underground injection is the release of
toxic chemicals below the surface of the earth.
Such releases may be directed to different types
of wells. Class I wells are technologically
sophisticated wells that inject hazardous and
non-hazardous waste into deep subsurface,
isolated rock formations that are separated from
the lower most underground sources of drinking
water by layers of impermeable clay and rock.
Generally, the largest number of facilities that
practice underground injection inject waste into
Class I wells. When constructed and operated in
compliance with program requirements, these
wells are expressly designed to prevent the
movement of disposed and leachate fluids into
protected aquifers. Other facilities may be
injecting waste into Class V wells, which may
be of concern because they may be directly
discharging into aquifers protected by the
Underground Injection Control program and are
a high priority for inspection and enforcement
follow-up. EPA bans injection of hazardous
waste into or above aquifers used as sources of
drinking water.
Q72 How are the TRI data used by the Safe
Drinking Water Act's Underground Injection
Control (UIC) Program?
A EPA and the implementing states verify
the accuracy of TRI-reported underground
injection operations to determine if these opera-
tions are properly authorized and in compliance
with the program's requirements.
Q73 Why is there such disparity from state
to state in the underground injection data
reported to TRI?
A Underground injection is a practice that
varies widely across geographical areas of the
United States. Underground injection control
reporting to TRI will range from little or no data
to showing millions of pounds injected annually.
This is due to several factors: (1) whether a
particular area's geology and hydrology is
suitable for injection; (2) industry disposal,
injection, and reporting practices; and (3) state
laws and regulations governing underground
injection control practices.
Where an area is geologically suitable for
injection, there is usually a high degree of
subsurface disposal activity and generally a high
degree of reporting for that area. Conversely, in
areas not geologically suitable for injection,
there is little subsurface disposal activity and,
therefore, there will be little or no reporting for
that area. Industrial complexes engaged in
subsurface disposal are generally located in
geographically suitable locations such as the
Gulf Coast, Midwest Region, Midcontinent
Region, etc. The states in these geographic
regions are where one may expect to find the
highest TRI reporting levels. Some states have
either banned underground injection or have
never implemented an underground injection
control program. These states will have little to
no TRI reporting for underground injection.
Q74 How could a release of a toxic chemical
into an underground injection well affect an
area's groundwater resources?
A Underground injection of toxic chemicals
may, depending on the type of well and well
management practices, pose a threat of contami-
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
nation to underground sources of drinking water.
For this reason, each facility in the TRI database
that reports a discharge to an underground
injection well is checked to verify that it is
permitted for such discharges. If it is not
properly authorized, the facility would then be
subject to state or EPA enforcement action. If
the facility is properly permitted, the operation
would be subject to a compliance review on a
prescribed schedule.
Q75 Does EPA have any estimation of what
percentage of the TRI releases to under-
ground injection wells are going to Class I
wells (deep underground injection of
industrial or municipal wastes)?
A The current TRI Form R does not differ-
entiate the underground injection releases by
well type. Other UIC volume data reported by
the states and the Regions indicate that the
majority of TRI releases are to Class I industrial
(non-hazardous) and Class I hazardous injection
wells.
Q?6 How are Class I injection wells moni-
tored to ensure against any toxic releases to
the environment?
A All permitted Class I wells are rigorously
monitored to prevent any loss of fluids injected
in the receiving geologic formations. Class I
wells must be properly sited and adequately
cased and cemented to protect underground
sources of drinking water and isolate the
injection zone; the well casing, tubing, and
annular seal must be tested for mechanical
integrity; a test for any fluid movement along
the borehole must be run at least every five
years; and the operator must identify all wells
within a specified distance from the injection
well bore to assure that all abandoned wells are
properly plugged so that there is no potential for
fluid movement by these paths.
Q77 What is the difference between a
hazardous and nonhazardous Class I
Injection well permit?
A All Class I Injection wells, hazardous and
nonhazardous, must have an approved UIC
permit to operate in the U.S. The basic
difference between the two well permits is the
physical, chemical, and biological makeup of
the waste to be injected. Both well permits
establish the necessary criteria and standards for
the safe operation of these wells, in addition to
protecting underground sources of drinking
water from contamination. Hazardous and
nonhazardous Class I injection well permits
similarly address siting, construction, operation,
reporting, testing, and monitoring requirements.
However, the hazardous UIC well permit
addresses these requirements more stringently
because of the hazardous nature of corrosive and
toxic wastes. There is more frequent well testing
and monitoring. Additionally, since a 1988 UIC
rulemaking, all Class I hazardous waste
injection wells disposing a RCRA-banned
hazardous waste must either complement the
well permit with a rigorous technical demon-
stration referred to as a "No-migration Demon-
stration" or treat the waste to Agency-approved
safe levels before disposal.
It should be noted that some state UIC programs
(Primacy) require the same stringent require-
ments for the granting of nonhazardous UIC
well permits as for hazardous well permits.
Q78 Have any Class I wells released fluids to
underground sources of drinking water
(USDWs), and, if so, were these wells
adequately repaired?
A Instances of contamination of underground
sources of drinking water by Class I wells have
been rare. EPA and the states have identified
only two cases where hazardous injected waste
contaminated underground sources of drinking
water (USDWs) and one case where a Class I
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
i
well was suspected of causing contamination.
All three cases occurred prior to the imple-
mentation of a state or Federal UIC program.
EPA also identified eight cases where leakage
from Class I hazardous wells entered non-
USDW formations. These leaks were minor in
nature and immediately adjacent to the well
bore. All of these cases were addressed by either
repairing the wells or properly plugging and
abandoning operations.
Q79 What happens to abandoned
operations?
A Prior to abandoning a Class I, II, or HI
well, the well owner or operator is required to
plug the well with cement to prevent the
movement of fluids either into or between
underground sources of drinking water. The
regulations concerning the plugging and
abandoning of Class I-III wells can be found at
40CFR 146.10.
In addition, the owner or operator of a Class I
hazardous well must comply with much more
stringent closure plan requirements. These
owners or operators must submit a detailed
closure plan as part of their permit applications
and demonstrate financial responsibility (i.e.,
that they will be able to pay all costs associated
with the closing of the well). The regulations
concerning the closing of a Class I hazardous
well can be found at 40 CFR 146.71.
XI. SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
Q80 What role do TRI data play in chemical
accident prevention?
A TRI data are used to support two activities
related to chemical accident prevention:
TRI data are used to identify chemical handling
facilities that could benefit from information on
chemical process safety for preventing
accidental chemical releases.
TRI data are used as one source of background
material in learning more about facility
activities. For example, these data can assist a
team in preparing for a chemical safety audit at
a particular chemical-handling facility.
Q81 How can a Local Emergency Planning
Committee (LEPC) use the TRI data?
A LEPCs can use the TRI data for
emergency planning for response to chemical
accidents. The LEPCs receive notifications of
accidental releases under EPCRA section 304.
They can compare the data received under
section 304 to the TRI data to help screen the
risks posed by manufacturing facilities in their
community. They also can review TRI
information along with chemical inventory
information submitted by facilities under
sections 311 and 312 of EPCRA to obtain a
"chemical profile" of their community for use in
planning for response to chemical accidents.
Q82 Are the TRI chemicals regulated under
the provisions of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA)?
A Of the 343 individually listed TRI
chemicals reportable for 1994, 322 are also
CERCLA hazardous substances. TRI chemicals
that are also CERCLA hazardous substances are
subject to all of the requirements of CERCLA,
as amended by SARA, such as reporting,
liability, and penalties.
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
Q83 How do the EPCRA section 313
reporting requirements compare to
CERCLA reporting requirements?
A There are few similarities between the
reporting requirements of EPCRA section 313
and those of CERCLA section 103. Section 313
requires the owner or operator of a facility
where a toxic chemical is manufactured,
processed, or otherwise used to submit a toxic
chemical release form to EPA when the quantity
of the toxic chemical exceeds the threshold
quantity established by section 313(f) of
EPCRA.
The reporting requirements of section 103 of
CERCLA require any person in charge of a
vessel or facility to report the release of a
hazardous substance into the environment, in a
quantity equal to or greater than its "reportable
quantity," to the National Response Center. The
purpose of reporting under CERCLA section
103 is to allow the Federal government to assess
each reported release to determine if a response
action is warranted.
Q84 How many TRI chemicals are regulated
under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA)?
A Approximately two-thirds of the 343
individually listed TRI chemicals reportable for
1994 are regulated under RCRA. Forty of the
individually listed TRI chemicals are currently
used to identify a waste as a characteristic
hazardous waste under RCRA. When such
chemicals are found in the waste above
specified levels, the waste is subject to RCRA
regulation. In addition, 153 of the individually
listed TRI chemicals are also listed as hazardous
wastes when they are unused or discarded in
commercial chemical products under RCRA.
Q85 How many facilities are regulated by
the RCRA program and what is the overlap
with facilities that report for TRI?
A Under Subtitle C, RCRA regulates about
5,000 Treatment, Storage, and Disposal facilities
(TSDs). RCRA also regulates more than
200,000 large- and small- quantity generators
(LQGs and SQGs) and about 18,000
transporters.
Of the generators that are regulated under
Subtitle C of RCRA, approximately 17,000
LQGs report RCRA waste generation and
management activities biennially via the
National Hazardous Waste Report (biennial
report). Approximately 7,000 of the LQGs
report to the TRI. These sites and facilities are
listed in the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Information System (RCRIS) and
may be cross-checked with TRI facilities by
EPA ID number.
Q86 How are TRI releases of hazardous
wastes regulated under RCRA?
A Hazardous wastes must be stored, treated,
or disposed of in hazardous waste management
units regulated under the RCRA or under
authorized state laws. Hazardous waste land
disposal units, including landfills, land treat-
ment, surface impoundments, and waste piles,
must meet applicable design and operating
controls, such as liners and leak detection
systems and groundwater monitoring systems to
detect releases out of the unit. All facilities that
store, treat, or dispose of hazardous wastes are
subject to corrective action requirements to
clean up hazardous wastes or hazardous consti-
tuents that migrate from any waste management
unit at the facility.
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
Q87 Are all land releases reported under
TRI regulated under RCRA?
A Some land releases may be accidental
releases of chemicals in wastes that are not
regulated by RCRA. Most of the land releases
reported to TRI fall under one of the following
categories: on-site disposal of hazardous wastes
which are regulated under RCRA or authorized
state hazardous waste programs; and industrial
solid waste or waste from mining and mineral
processing activities that'would be regulated
under state solid waste management programs
insofar as they do exist. Some mineral
processing wastes are regulated as hazardous
wastes.
Under EPCRA section 313, facilities that manu-
factured or processed 25,000 pounds or used
10,000 pounds of a listed chemical must report.
Under RCRA, those facilities that generate more
than 100 kilograms (220 pounds) of hazardous
waste per month must report.
Q88 Can direct comparisons be made
between TRI data and RCRA data for
amounts of toxic waste generated, waste
minimization, etc.?
A It is difficult to make comparisons for
several reasons:
TRI reports individual chemical constituent
data; RCRA requires reporting on a total waste
stream that represents a substantially larger
volume than any single chemical contained in
the waste stream. A RCRA hazardous waste
stream may or may not contain TRI chemicals.
RCRA distinguishes between regulated and
exempt wastes. A particular TRI chemical may
occur in a waste that is exempt and need not be
reported under RCRA. For example, certain
wastewater treatment activities are exempt from
RCRA, as are the activities of small-quantity ,
generators who generate less than 100 kg/month
of hazardous waste.
Currently, only facilities in SIC codes 20-39 are
required to report to TRI; RCRA reporting is not
limited by SIC code.
Under RCRA, hazardous waste generators are
required to report on existing or planned waste
minimization activities at facilities on a biennial
basis. The current reporting forms request
information on reduction of the volume of waste
generated. These data differ from TRI data in
that they represent specific RCRA waste streams
rather than individual chemical constituents.
EPA's Office of Solid Waste is exploring
approaches to refine the utility of the waste
minimization data collected through the biennial
reporting system and to coordinate the results
with TRI data.
XII. EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS
Q89 What amount of toxic chemicals am I
exposed to?
A Estimating exposure based on release
quantities requires an analysis of chemical- and
site-specific characteristics. There is no simple
conversion of release quantity to concentration
in the environment or dose received by
individuals.
Natural environmental processes can transform
the chemical (e.g., sunlight decomposes some
chemicals); transfer it from one medium to
another (e.g., evaporation may transfer some
chemicals from water to air); or concentrate it
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
(e.g., bioaccumulation of the chemical in fish).
Concentration in the environment can depend
on many factors such as the volume of water in
the receiving stream into which the chemical is
released, dispersion of air releases as a function
of local meteorological conditions, the height
from which an air release occurs, integrity of
landfill liners or other containment of disposed
materials, and many other factors. Finally, your
exposure to the chemicals will depend on
factors such as distance from the release, and
the source and treatment of your drinking water
supply, etc.
Q90 What are my chances of getting sick
when I have been exposed to chemicals?
A The likelihood of becoming sick from
chemicals is determined by the length of time
you are exposed, the amount of chemical to
which you are exposed and as well as the
"inherent" toxicity of the chemical. The risk
increases as the amount of exposure increases.
Q91 When are higher exposures more
likely?
A Accidents can expose the facility's
workers and surrounding community to higher
concentrations of the chemicals. Other condi-
tions that increase risk of exposure include
dust-releasing operations (grinding, mixing,
blasting, dumping, etc.), other physical and
mechanical processes (heating, pouring,
spraying, and evaporation from large surface
areas such as open containers), and "confined
space" exposures (working inside vats, reactors,
boilers, small rooms, etc.). During process
start-up and shutdown operations, there also is
a greater likelihood of exposure. The closer one
is to a release, the greater the potential for
exposure.
Q92 Is the risk of getting sick higher for
workers in the facilities than for community
residents?
A Yes. Exposures in the community, except
possibly in cases of fires or spills, are usually
much lower than those found in the workplace.
However, people in the community may be
exposed to contaminated water and chemicals in
the air over long periods. Because of this, and
because of exposure of sensitive populations,
such as children or people who are already ill,
community exposures may cause health
problems.
Q93 If I have acute (short-term) health
effects, will these actually develop into chronic
effects?
A Not always. Most chronic (long-term)
effects result from repeated exposures to a
chemical. Although many acute effects are
reversible, some exposures may also cause
chronic health effects.
Q94 Can I get long-term effects without ever
having short-term effects?
A Yes, because long-term effects can occur
from repeated or continuous exposures to a
chemical at levels not high enough to make you
immediately sick.
Q95 Do all chemicals cause cancer?
A No. Most chemicals tested by scientists do
not cause cancer.
Q96 Should I be concerned if a chemical
causes cancer in animals?
A Yes. Most scientists agree that a chemical
that causes cancer in animals should be treated
as a suspected human carcinogen unless proven
otherwise.
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
i
IN
Q97 Should I be concerned if a chemical is a
teratogen (a substance which causes fetal
malformations) in animals?
A Yes. Although some chemicals may affect
humans differently than they affect animals,
damage to animals suggests that same damage
can occur in humans.
Q98 But don't they test animals using much
higher levels of a chemical than people
usually are exposed to?
A Yes. That's so effects can be seen more
clearly using fewer animals. But high doses
alone don't cause cancer unless the chemical is
a cancer agent. In fact, a chemical that causes
cancer in animals at high doses could cause
cancer in humans exposed to low doses,
especially over long periods of time.
Q99 Can men as well as women be affected
by chemicals that cause reproductive system
damage?
A Yes. Some chemicals reduce potency or
fertility in either men or women. Some damage
sperm and eggs, possibly leading to birth
defects.
QlOO Aren't pregnant women at the
greatest risk from reproductive hazards?
A Not necessarily. Pregnant women are at
greatest risk from chemicals which harm the
developing fetus. However, chemicals may
affect the ability to have children, so both men
and women of child-bearing age are at higher
risk.
QlOl What is the risk to public health
resulting from toxic emissions to the air?
A While the TRI data represent a useful
means of identifying potential sources of toxic
chemicals in the air, these data are not sufficient
to accurately determine the magnitude of the
public health risk posed by the emissions from a
given facility. For example, TRI provides no
information concerning the potential exposure
to these emissions. These data are most useful to
point out the direction for further analyses of
public health risk. In addition to identifying new
regulatory projects, the data can be used to make
priority decisions for the air toxics regulatory
agenda.
Ql02 Is there any difference between
fugitive and stack air emissions when it
comes to my health?
A Dispersion of the chemical and its concen-
tration at various distances from the point of
release are affected by whether, for example, the
chemical is emitted from a tall stack at high
temperatures or a pipe fitting near the ground at
ambient temperature. Thus, your exposure could
vary depending on the manner in which the
release occurs. In general, a ground or near-
ground release, such as through fugitive
emissions, will more likely result in a higher
exposure and, therefore, a greater possible
health hazard for nearby residents than
emissions from tall stacks.
Q103 Can my drinking water be
contaminated by these toxic chemicals?
A Again, this depends on the amount and
concentration released, among other things.
Characteristics at the site—including the
relationship of the release to the water supply;
geology and hydrology of the soil, both at the
surface and below ground; and the distance to
where the drinking water intake/well is
located—will be determinants of drinking water
contamination. Treatment, if any, that the water
receives before it is piped to your house will
also affect the quality of the water you drink.
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
Q104 Are the facilities with the largest toxic
chemical releases always the most important
in terms of public health?
A No. It is not possible to determine risks to
public health strictly from knowing the amount
of a chemical which is released by a facility
over a year. A release total is an important first
step in identifying a facility that may pose a
public health hazard. Other factors that are
necessary to the risk assessment process include
specific information on: the environmental
medium of the release, chemical toxicity and
potency, local meteorological and topographical
characteristics, where people live and work
(potential population exposure), and when and
how releases occur. Because some chemicals are
more toxic than others, knowing only the quan-
tity of chemicals released to the environment is
not sufficient to determine its importance with
respect to risk.
QlOS Is there a risk of getting sick when I
have been exposed to a chemical that is
released in small quantity?
A It depends upon the inherent ability of the
chemical to cause an effect. Chemicals such as
cyanide can make you sick even if you are
exposed to a small quantity.
Q106 Why should I be concerned about
getting ill when I am exposed to pharina-
ceuticals and pesticides which have been
tested for safety?
A Uncontrolled use of such chemicals may
pose the likelihood of an individual becoming
sick depending upon how long that person is
exposed and the amount of exposure. It will also
depend upon the inherent toxicity of the
chemical.
Q107 How does EPA determine the health
and environmental effects of chemicals?
A EPA has developed guidelines to assess
these effects. The available information on each
chemical is evaluated using these guidelines and
a determination is made on a case-by-case-basis.
EPA is currently in the process of revising these
guidelines. For further information call the
EPCRA Hotline, (800) 535-0202.
QlOS Why should I be concerned about
chemicals that accumulate at extremely low
levels?
A These chemicals are persistent and
accumulate in soil, plants, and organisms and,
therefore, pose the chance of causing an adverse
impact on human health and the environment
even when released at low levels. Over a
number of years such chemicals can accumulate
into larger and larger quantities.
XIII. 33/50 PROGRAM
Q109 What is the 33/50 Program?
A The 33/50 Program is an EPA voluntary
pollution prevention initiative begun in 1991. It
derives its name from its overall goals—an
interim goal of a 33% reduction in 1992 and an
ultimate goal of a 50% reduction in 1995 in
releases and transfers of 17 high-priority toxic
chemicals, using 1988 TRI reporting as a base-
line. The 33/50 Program emphasized simplicity
and flexibility, allowing companies to set their
own reduction goals and to achieve them in
ways they felt made the most sense for their
specific manufacturing operations. The Program
represents an innovative experiment aimed at
demonstrating whether voluntary programs can
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
i
augment the Agency's traditional command-
and-control approach by achieving targeted
reductions more quickly than would regulations
alone. The 33/50 Program is part of a broad
group of EPA activities designed to encourage
pollution prevention as the best means of
achieving reductions in toxic chemical releases
and transfers.
QUO How is the 33/50 Program related to
the TRI program?
A The 33/50 Program relies on the TRI as its
primary tool in measuring progress toward
achieving the Program's national goals and in
monitoring the progress of individual company
participants and their facilities in meeting their
own pollution reduction targets. The 33/50
Program compliments the TRI program: while
TRI asks industry to monitor and publicly report
on the pollution resulting from its manufac-
turing operations, the 33/50 Program takes the
next step by asking—though not requiring—
industry to do something about these
environmental releases and off-site transfers.
EPA has observed that the public accountability
fostered by TRI and the Pollution Prevention
Act play a vital role in persuading companies to
take voluntary actions to prevent pollution.
Nonetheless, establishment of the 33/50 Pro-
gram appears to have accelerated the reduction
rate for emissions of the 17 target chemicals.
Qlll What chemicals are included in the
33/50 Program?
A The 17 chemicals and chemical categories
targeted for reductions are all listed TRI chemi-
cals: benzene, cadmium and compounds, carbon
tetrachloride, chloroform, chromium and
compounds, cyanide and compounds, dichloro-
methane, lead and compounds, mercury and
compounds, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl
isobutyl ketone, nickel and compounds, tetra-
chloroethylene, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane,
triehloroethylene, and xylenes.
Q112 Has the 33/50 Program met its goals?
A Industry exceeded the 33/50 Program's
national interim 33% reduction goal by more
than 100 million pounds in 1992. National
emissions of Program chemicals were reduced
by an additional 94 million pounds in 1993 and
62 million pounds in 1994, bringing total
reductions since 1988 to more than 756 million
pounds (51%), exceeding the Program's
ultimate 50% reduction goal a full year ahead of
schedule.
Q113 How have companies reduced their
emissions of the 33/50 Program's 17
chemicals?
A EPA encouraged 33/50 Program partici-
pants to employ source reduction as the method
of first choice in reducing their releases and off-
site transfers of Program chemicals. Companies
could also undertake recycling, energy recovery,
and treatment projects to achieve their 33/50
Program reduction goals. EPA has published
twenty-three 33/50 Program Company Profiles
that document some of the specific techniques
employed by large and small companies alike to
reduce their toxics emissions. Another 10
profiles are in development. EPA has also
invited all participants to submit their own
success stories, to be published and distributed
by EPA in the Fall of 1996, highlighting their
experiences and the significant environmental
accomplishments they achieved voluntarily as
members of the 33/50 Program.
Q114 Did the 33/50 Program end at the end
of 1995?
A While the 33/50 Program's ultimate 50%
reduction goal was targeted for 1995, EPA
encouraged companies to set their own reduc-
tion goals and not to be constrained by the
Program's national time frames. Some 33/50
Program companies have set pollution reduction
goals that extend well past 1995, Furthermore,
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8* MUM I
Appendix A — Questions and Answers
while many company reduction projects may be
completed by the end of 1995, EPA must wait
for 1995 TRI data to be reported and assembled
in 1997 to analyze and report on the full extent
of 33/50 Program achievements. Accordingly,
EPA's administration of the 33/50 Program did
not terminate at the close of the 1995 calendar
year.
QllS What is EPA planning to do as a
follow-up to the 33/50 Program?
A EPA solicited input from interested parties
throughout 1995 to help determine whether
there should be a next generation of the 33/50
Program and, if so, how a next generation
voluntary toxics reduction initiative should be
designed and administered. Approximately two-
thirds of the written comments received favored
continuing the 33/50 Program in one form or
another.
EPA and its state, industrial, and environmental
partners are continuing to deliberate over what
kind of program would serve best as a follow-up
to the 33/50 Program's successes. EPA will
announce plans for a next generation of the 33/
50 Program once this open decision-making
process has been completed.
Q116 What company recognition activities
is EPA planning for 33/50 Program
participants throughout the remaining life of
the Program?
A All companies that enrolled in the 33/50
Program received Certificates of Appreciation
signed by the Administrator, and their names
have been listed by EPA in periodic 33/50
Program Progress Reports, at Program
conferences and events, and in various EPA
communications and other environmental
publications. EPA provided special recognition
for approximately 300 participants, when the
Program exceeded its 1992 national interim
goal, for particularly rapid reductions in their
releases and transfers of our target chemicals. In
its November issue of Chemical Engineering
magazine, the McGraw-Hill Corporation saluted
eighteen 33/50 Program participants as Environ-
mental Champions for their voluntary efforts to
reduce their toxics emissions. The publication
included letters of congratulation from both Vice
President Al Gore and EPA Administrator Carol
Browner.
To celebrate this year's early achievement of the
Program's 50% goal, EPA is planning a major
national conference to be held in Washington,
DC, in September 1996. The conference will
bring together decision-makers from industry,
government, aeademia, and public interest
groups in a thought provoking, analytical, and
action-oriented arena to advance the role of
voluntarism and partnership in pursuing the
principles of environmental protection and
pollution prevention. Companies that have been
featured in 33/50 Program Company Profiles
and that submit their own "Success Stories" will
be invited to publicize their pollution reduction
activities throughout the conference.
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Appendix A — Questions and Answers
#)***«
XIV. COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT
Qll7 How many inspections have EPA's
Regional offices conducted in support of the
Office of Compliance (OC) EPCRA section
313 program?
A Since October 1988, EPA field offices
have conducted 5,058 inspections of facilities
subject to EPCRA section 313 reporting
requirements.
FY 1988-153
FY 1989-768
FY 1990-701
FY 1991-666
FY 1992-774
FY 1993 - 839
FY 1994-548
FY 1995-612
Q118 How many civil complaints have been
issued under section 313?
A EPA has issued 1,179 civil complaints
(almost all of which were against non-reporters)
since October 1988.
FY 1989 - 124
FY 1990-206
FY 1991 - 179
FY 1992 - 134
FY 1993-219
FY 1994 - 178
FY 1995-139
Qll9 What is the total amount of proposed
penalties levied against EPCRA section 313
violators?
A EPA's Office of Compliance has levied
proposed penalties in excess of $70,694,411 in
the EPCRA section 313 program from October
1988 to September 1995. In fiscal year 1995
EPA proposed $8,159,791 in civil administrative
penalties.
Q120 How many EPCRA section 313
enforcement cases have been settled? What is
the total of final administrative penalties
assessed?
A FY 1989 - 121 ($2,450,561)
FY 1990-193 ($4,186,428)
FY 1991-160 ($3,038,135)
FY 1992- 129 ($2,608,651)
FY 1993-118 ($2,852,935
FY 1994-121 ($3,017,279)
FY 1995 - 69 ($ 1,032,304)
Q121 What are Supplemental Environ-
mental Projects (SEPs)? How are they
beneficial for environmental enforcement
cases?
A A Supplemental Environmental Project is
an environmentally beneficial project which a
defendant voluntarily agrees to undertake as part
of the settlement of an environmental enforce-
ment action. The defendant, however, is not
otherwise legally required to perform the
project. SEPs go beyond compliance and that
which is required by law (Federal, state, or
local). These projects are aimed at reducing risk
to human health and enhancing the condition of
the environment.
By considering some percentage of the cost of a
SEP as a factor in calculating a penalty, EPA
encourages defendants to conduct such bene-
ficial projects which would otherwise not be •
included as part of the assessed penalty. Further,
the percentage of the mitigation is directly
linked to the environmental benefits of the
Project, which encourages defendants to
conduct more environmentally comprehensive
projects. Since fiscal year 1991 (when EPA
A-33
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TB
Appendix A — Questions and Answers
i
began tracking SEPs), EPA has settled 185
EPCRA section 313 cases containing one or
more SEPs.
Q122 What is the EPCRA section 313
compliance and enforcement program doing
about data quality?
A Data quality has emerged as a second
important focus for the EPCRA section 313
compliance and enforcement programs, both at
Headquarters and in the Regions. Now that the
section 313 non-reporters compliance and
enforcement program has matured, EPA is
beginning to concentrate more on the quality of
the TRI data submitted to EPA and the states.
EPA and its Regions are using a variety of tools,
from compliance assistance to issuing cases, in
order to ensure compliance with the regulations.
Q123 Without a final regulation in place,
how is EPA enforcing the Pollution
Prevention Act reporting requirements?
A Submission to EPA and the state of certain
source reduction, recycling, and other waste
stream management information is required
under the PPA. Because the requirement to
submit these data is mandated by statute, owners
and operators of regulated facilities must
comply, regardless of the presence or absence of
implementing regulations. However, because
EPA has not promulgated definitions and
guidance for complying with the PPA, its
enforcement is focused on ensuring submission
of these data, rather than on the methodology for
calculating the data.
Q124 What is the Sector Notebook Project,
and how does the project relate to TRI?
A In September 1995, the Office of
Compliance published comprehensive profiles
(Sector Notebooks) of 18 industrial sectors. The
Project was designed to raise awareness of
environmental regulations, pollution outputs,
industrial processes, pollution prevention and
compliance history associated with each profile
sector. The reports enhance the ability of
stakeholders to assess sector-wide issues on a
multimedia basis. TRI data contained within the
Sector Notebook provide a detailed breakdown
of chemicals released and transferred by each
industry and give a relative comparison of
pollutant outputs across industrial categories.
EPA plans to release several more Sector
Notebooks at the end of 1996. Existing
notebooks are available electronically on the
Internet at the Enviro$ense World Wide Web site
(http://es.inel.gov/) or via modem Directory 57
of the EnviroSense bulletin board [modem
number: (703) 908-2092]. Hard copies can be
obtained from the Superintendent of Documents
by calling (202) 512-2250. Information on the
Sector Notebook Project can be obtained by
calling (202) 564-2395.
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APPENDIX B
PUBLIC ACCESS TO THE
TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY
According to many, the TRI program is one of
the most effective environmental programs ever
legislated by Congress and administered by
EPA. Its success is due, in large part, to the
right-to-know provisions contained in the
legislation itself. By requiring that the resulting
data be made publicly available "by electronic
and other means," Congress ensured that
citizens, the media, environmental advocates,
researchers, the business community, and others
could influence and evaluate industry's efforts
to reduce toxics emissions.
Every year, EPA expands its outreach activities
to include new potential users of the data.
Through outreach activities, EPA identifies and
engages the assistance of organizations to help
promote TRI awareness, provide access, and
increase data usage. Journalists, national public
interest and environmental groups, and state
governments continue to be key outreach
participants. Libraries in communities all across
the U.S., in particular, members of the Federal
Depository Library Program, are committed to
providing public access to TRI data in a variety
of formats. Because the value of TRI increases
as more people use it, EPA encourages these
organizations to acquaint new users with TRI,
help people who already know about TRI to
better use and understand the data, and, when-
ever possible, pro vide, feedback on how to
improve TRI products and services.
Many options are available for accessing TRI.
EPA offers the data in a variety of common
computer and hard copy formats to ensure that
everyone can easily use the information. TRI is
available on diskette, CD-ROM, and computer
bulletin boards. It is available on an on-line
national computer database. More and more TRI
information is being added to the Internet. TRI
reports are available from state government
offices as well as from EPA. For each reporting
year, many states make their data available
before EPA releases data from the national
database. You can contact your state EPCRA
Coordinator or you can call your EPA Regional
TRI Coordinator for assistance. (See listing of
Regional coordinators and state EPCRA
contacts in Appendix G.) Many other avenues
for accessing TRI are described in the following
pages.
TRI has proven to be a rich source of data for a
broad public audience. For instance, educators
are using the data to conduct studies and courses
on the environment; labor unions are using the
TRI data to improve conditions for workers; and
businesses are using the data in many ways —
as a basis for reducing large stocks of toxic
chemicals, to cut costs, to improve operations,
to reduce the use of toxic chemicals, and for a
variety of other reasons. Concerned citizens are
a growing user group. These individuals, on
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Appendix B—Public Access
their own and through organized groups, are
using TRI to raise and answer questions about
chemical releases in their communities. States
use the national data to compare releases within
industries.
In the future, avenues of public access to TRI
will continue to grow, and TRI will continue to
be an important first step for discovering which
chemicals are being manufactured, released, or
transferred in communities across the country.
The diversity of the groups across the country
who use TRI will increase as will the varied
uses of the data. TRI will increasingly become
the data source used to positively influence the
views of companies, legislators, and the public
regarding the overall conditions of the nation's
environment.
ACCESSING TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY (TRI)
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Accessing TRI data is easy. It is published in a
wide variety of computer and hard copy formats
to ensure that it is readily available. Through
outreach activities, EPA identifies organizations
in the toxics community to help promote
awareness of TRI and use of its data products.
TRI data is available on-line, for purchase from
GPO or NTIS, or for use in Federal Depository
Libraries across the U.S. In addition, state
officials also receive TRI reports from facilities
in their jurisdiction, and many states publish
reports highlighting local trends. For more
information about accessing TRI or obtaining
TRI products, call or write: TRI User Support,
U.S. EPA, 401 M St., SW. (MS-7407),
Washington, DC 20460, (202)260-1531. Or,
visit us at our Web site, http://www.epa.gov.
Assistance Services
The TRI User Support (TRI-US) Service
provides general information about the Toxics
Release Inventory and support for access to any
of the data formats. TRI specialists can help
determine the data product best suited for the
individual user's needs. The service provides
comprehensive search assistance for the TRI on-
line and CD-ROM applications. TRI-US
provides both NLM/TOXNET and CD-ROM
training through short sessions and workshops.
Documentation for all TRI products is available
from TRI-US. This support service provides
referrals to EPA Regional and state TRI contacts
and to the libraries where TRI is available.
Referrals to TRI resources in other localities are
also available.
• TRI User Support Service (TRI-US)
U.S. EPA
401 M St., SW. (MS-7407)
Washington, DC 20460
Call: (202)260-1531
Fax: (202)401-2347
Hours: 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
(Eastern Time)
The Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know (EPCRA) Hotline provides
regulatory, policy, and technical assistance to
Federal agencies, local and state governments,
the public, the regulated community, and other
interested parties in response to questions
related to EPCRA. The Hotline provides
B-2
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Appendix B — Public Access
information on the availability of documents
related to EPCRA and copies of selected
EPCRA documents on a limited basis.
• EPCRA Hotline
Call: (800) 535-0202 (outside Washington
Metropolitan area)
(703) 412-9810 (in Washington
Metropolitan area)
Fax: (703) 412-3333 (to request
documents only)
TDD: (800) 553-7672
Hours: 8:30 a.m.-7:30 p.m.
(Eastern Time)
As a service to TRI data users, computer-
generated facsimiles of TRI reporting forms will
be provided upon request.
* TRI Information Management Branch
Attn: Tonya Richardson
Call: (202)260-3757
Fax: (202)260-4655
Federal Depository Libraries
TRI products are distributed though the Federal
Depository Library Program, a network of 1,400
public and academic libraries located in
communities all across the U.S. While librarians
in these organizations are not specialists in TRI
information, they are often quite knowledgeable
about obtaining and using information resources
in general. Over 700 depository libraries receive
the TRI on CD-ROM. Librarians in these
institutions can assist you in searching the
database and using other features of the discs,
such as printing reports and downloading data
from the CD-ROM. More and more depository
libraries are allowing patrons to access the
Internet using public workstations located in the
library.
For more information or to identify the Federal
Depository Library nearest you, contact your
local library.
Electronic Media
CD-ROMs
This two-disc set contains the complete national
TRI, starting with the first inventory in 1987. It
also contains reference material on the health
and environmental effects of the TRI chemicals.
User-friendly software provides the capability to
search data by facility, location, chemical, SIC,
and many other access points. Other features
allow flexibility in printing standard and custom
reports, data downloading, and calculating
releases for search sets (for example, to calcu-
late average air releases for all pulp and paper
manufacturers). Complete documentation,
outlining the history of TRI, how it is used, and
how to operate the software is included. Discs
available from GPO and NTIS are the same,
although prices may differ.
For more information, contact:
U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO)
Superintendent of Documents
P.O. Box 371954
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
Call: (202)512-1800
Fax: (202)512-2250
Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.
(Eastern Time)
National Technical Information
Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Call: (703)487-4650
Fax: (703)321-8547
Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
(Eastern Time)
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Appendix B—Public Access
Diskettes
Selected TRI information is available on disk-
ettes in dBASE (.dbf) or Lotus 1-2-3 (.wkl)
format. For each state, one or more diskettes
contain the most frequently used TRI data, such
as the names, locations, and contacts for
reporting facilities; chemical names and CAS
numbers; aggregate releases in pounds of
chemicals released to air, water, land, and
underground injection wells; and total chemical
transfers to off-site locations and Publicly
Owned Treatment Works. Diskettes for 1991
and later years also contain selected pollution
prevention data. A diskette containing Federal
facilities nationwide is also available for
reporting year 1994. Diskettes are accompanied
by user instructions. The cost of diskettes for a
single state ranges from $15-$ 17, depending on
the number of disks in the set.
For more information, contact:
U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO)
Superintendent of Documents
P.O. Box 37082
Washington, DC 20013-7082
Call: (202)512-1530
Fax: (202)512-1262
Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.
(Eastern Time)
On-line Services
National Library of Medicine (NLM)
TOXNET System
The National Library of Medicine (NLM)
TOXNET System makes TRI accessible to
concerned citizens and to businesses and
organizations interested in environmental or
public health issues. TOXNET offers state-of-
the-art, user-friendly, on-line searching. The
system features a variety of on-line user
assistance features, a flexible command
language, and "free text" search capability.
Users can print specific portions of the records
either on-line or off-line, and there are a wide
variety of customized text options built into the
system. Cross-file searching allows users to
search multiple years of TRI data simul-
taneously. The menu-driven search package
allows individuals with limited computer skills
to use the TRI on-line database efficiently and
effectively. Information about the health and
environmental effects of TRI chemicals can also
be accessed via the TOXNET system. On-line
costs range from $18-$20 per hour. An NLM
password is necessary to use the file. The
system contains the complete national TRI data
for all reporting years.
The TOXNET is also available on the Internet.
The address for the file is toxnet.nlm.nih.gov.
By December 1996, telecommunications access
to TOXNET (except via Internet) will be limited
to one toll-free telephone number (1 -800-525-
0216). Other value-added networks, such as
Tymenet, Sprintnet, and CompuServe, will no
longer provide access to TOXNET.
For more information, contact:
National Library of Medicine
Specialized Information Services
TRI Representative
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
Call: (301)496-6531
Hours: 7 days/week; 24 hours/day
Right-to-Know Computer Network
(RTK NET)
The Right-to-Know Computer Network
(RTK NET) offers free access to TRI data for
1987-1994, along with health facts for each TRI
chemical, searchable through the World Wide
Web, Telnet, and dial-up. RTK NET is an on-
line telecommunications link to environmental
and other databases. This service promotes
pollution prevention by putting TRI data
together with other related data to facilitate
analyses for prevention strategies. It provides
B-4
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communication among individuals concerned
about toxics use reduction and seeks to increase
use and analysis of TRI and related data. RTK
NET links TRI with other environmental data,
civil cases brought by the U.S. EPA, a portion
of the 1990 Census data, and a mapping
program called Land view.
The TRI data can be accessed through the
World Wide Web (http://www.rtk.net), telnet
(rtk.net), and by modem. [To access by modem,
dial 202-234-8570, set computer parameters to
8, N, 1, and type "public" (no quotes) in lower
case and register for a free account.] Partici-
pants can communicate with one another
through computer-generated mail, in addition to
exchanging and reviewing documents elec-
tronically.
In addition to the TRI data, the following data-
bases on RTK NET may be of interest to TRI
users:
• ARIP - EPA Accidental Release
Information Program.
• BRS - EPA RCRA Biennial Reporting
System.
• NPRI - Canada's TRI-like system, called
the National Pollutant Release Inventory.
• Census Data by Zip Code, linking 1990
U.S. Summary with TRI, FINDS, and BRS.
• CERCLIS - CERCLA "Superfund"
Information System.
• CUS - EPA chemical production database
under TSCA.
• DOCKET - EPA civil litigation and
administrative actions.
• ERNS - EPA Emergency Response
Notification System.
Appendix B — Public Access
• FINDS - Identifying information and
location of all facilities regulated by EPA.
• NPL - EPA Superfund National Priorities
List of Sites.
• PCS - EPA Water Permit Compliance
System contains files on facilities, pipes,
and pollutant limits.
• ROADMAPS - Regulatory levels and
health effects of TRI chemicals.
• RODs - EPA Records of Decision.
• SETS - EPA Superfund Site Enforcement
Tracking System.
• USGS Water Use Database.
Training is available from the computer service
on using telecommunications, using RTK NET,
and searching the database.
For more information, contact:
RTK NET
1742 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20009-1171
Call: (202) 797-7200
Fax: (202)234-8584
EPA Internet Public Server
For TRI, like many other EPA programs, the
Internet is fast becoming one of the best
resources for identifying information that is
available to the public. EPA manages a full-
service Internet site, offering access via the
World Wide Web, FTP, and Gopher (see
addresses given below). The information
available through each of these servers is
identical; the one that you use will depend upon
your preferred method of access. Consult your
system administrator for specific access
procedures. There is no cost for accessing the
EPA public servers or using any of the
information that you find there.
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Appendix B—Public Access
The Gopher server is a menu-driven, user-
friendly Internet utility that allows users to
download information directly to their Internet
accounts. The user starts at a main menu and
follows a series of sub-menus to the desired
item. The address for the EPA gopher server is
gopher://gopher.epa.gov. To get to the TRI
files from the main menu, make the following
choices from the menus displayed on your
screen: EPA Offices, Regions and Laboratories;
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic
Substances; Office of Pollution Prevention and
Toxics; and Toxics Release Inventory, Finally,
choose the name of the file that you would like
to download.
The FTP file server (ftp://ftp.epa.gov) allows
the user to log directly onto EPA's servers by
"anonymous login" and download files directly.
Operation is slightly more complex than that of
the gopher because users are required to know
the specific path name and the names of the files
they would like to download, (For example,
tables from this report in Lotus spreadsheet
format can be found in the directory
\pub\gopher\TRI _Chem.) Because the number
of files related to TRI are expected to grow, TRI
User Support has begun maintaining a list of the
files that are available on the EPA Gopher. For
more information or a copy of this list, contact
TRI User Support (202 260-1531).
The World Wide Web server (http://www.epa.
gov) offers a graphical user interface allowing
access not only to text but to images as well.
Using a WWW program (or "browser," such as
Netscape or Mosaic), users can access both the
gopher and FTP servers in a user-friendly
fashion. A text-based World Wide Web program
called "Lynx" is available on some systems,
which allows downloading capabilities without
graphics.
For more information on the EPA's Internet
servers, contact the Internet support group at the
e-Mail address: internet_support@unixmail.
rtpnc.epa.gov.
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
The Integrated Risk Information System
(IRIS) contains summaries of health risks and
EPA regulatory information on over 500
specific chemicals. It is a key source for
descriptive and quantitative information, such as
oral reference dose and inhalation reference
concentrations for chronic, noncarcinogenic
health effects; oral slope factors and unit risk for
chronic exposure to carcinogens; EPA drinking
water health advisories; and summaries of EPA
regulatory actions. The system is useful in the
risk assessment process.
For on-line access, contact:
National Library of Medicine
Specialized Information Services
TRI Representative
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
Call: (301)496-6531
Hours: 7 days/week; 24 hours/day
For diskettes, contact:
National Technical Information
Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road.
Springfield, VA 22161
Call: (703)487-4650
Fax: (703)321-8547
Hours: 8:30 a.m. 5:00 p.m.
(Eastern Time)
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Appendix B — Public Access
i
Printed Media
TR1 Information Kit
The TRI Information Kit is designed to
acquaint a broad and disparate audience with the
TRI. The information kit is appropriate for those
familiar or unfamiliar with TRI. It contains a
brochure, bookmark, poster, and other explana-
tory materials. It is designed to answer the
"who, what, when, why, where, and how"
questions of TRI in clear, non-jargon language.
The kit provides a broad explanation of TRI, as
well as examples of how various groups have
used TRI, where it can be accessed or obtained,
and organizations that are sources for further
information about TRI and the chemicals
reported. Copies are free while supplies last.
Request document number EPA-749-F(^3jp02.
HH
To request copies, contact:
National Center for Environmental
Publications and Information (NCEPI)
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Call: (513)489-8190
Fax: (513)489-8695
Public Data Release Reports:
* 1994 Toxics Release Inventory: Public
Data Release
* 1994 Toxics Release Inventory: Public
Data Release Executive Summary
* 1994 Toxics Release Inventory: Public
Data Release State Fact Sheets
EPA assembles several detailed annual reports
providing summaries, analyses, and comparison
of TRI data by year. The reports summarize data
on total releases and transfers of TRI chemicals;
geographic distribution of TRI releases and
transfers; industrial patterns of releases and
transfers; the interstate and intrastate transport
of waste; and other kinds of analyses. Copies
are free while supplies last.
To request copies, contact:
EPCRA Hotline
Call: (800) 535-0202 (outside Washington
Metropolitan area)
(703) 412-9810 (in Washington
Metropolitan area)
Fax: (703) 412-3333 (to request
documents only)
TDD: (800) 553-7672
Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 7:30 p.m.
(Eastern Time)
TRI User Support Service (TRI-US)
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW. (MS-7407)
Washington, DC 20460
Call: (202)260-1531
Fax: (202)260-4659
Hours: 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
(Eastern Time)
Risk Screening Guide
"Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk
Screening Guide"—Method for evaluating TRI
data for environmental managers. Vols. 1 and 2,
July 1989. EPA Document No.: 560/2-89-002.
To order, contact:
National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Call: (703) 487-4650
Fax: (703)321-8547
Hours: 8:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m.
(Eastern Time)
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Appendix B—Public Access
Chemical Fact Sheets
In July 1994 OPPT initiated its Chemical Fact
Sheets project, which provides brief (two-page)
information summaries on chemicals of interest
to the Office as part of its effort to provide the
public with information on chemicals. The
initial goal was to provide summaries that
would supplement environmental release
information for TRI chemicals.
During the information collection phase for the
summaries, OPPT staff prepared Support Docu-
ments upon which to base the Fact Sheets.
These Support Documents are more detailed
reviews (10 or more pages long) of technical
information from secondary sources.
While the level of detail varies, these documents
provide information about the following for each
chemical:
• its identity and properties,
• how it is used,
* how one might be exposed,
• what happens to it in the environment,
• how it affects human health and the
environment.
A list of EPA offices and other groups to
contact for more information is also included.
Fact Sheets are now available for 25 high-
production volume TRI chemicals with another
15 to be released during the summer of 1996.
Another 40 are in various stages of review.
Among the chemicals for which Fact Sheets are
available are methylene chloride (dichloro-
methane), toluene, acrylonitrile, and styrene.
The Fact Sheets, their accompanying Support
Documents, and a list of the chemicals can be
found on the Internet at: http://www.epa.gov/
chemfact.
For more information contact:
TSCA Assistance Information
Services Hotline
c/o: Garcia Consulting
401 M St., SW, (Mail Code: 7408)
Washington, DC 20460
Call: (202)554-1404
TDD: (202) 554-0551
Fax: (202)554-5603
Chemicals, the Press, and the Public
This guidebook describes the evolution of the
"right-to-know" concept and then provides key
provisions of the Emergency Planning and
Community Right to Know Act of 1986. A
staple of environmental journalism since it was
published in 1989, this guidebook offers
information on how to use the chemical and
emergency planning and response data available
under this law, and how to understand and
interpret the information responsibly and
effectively.
For more information, contact:
National Safety Council (NSC)
Environmental Health Center
1019 19th St., NW., Suite 401
Washington, DC 20036
Call: (202)293-2270
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APPENDIX C
TRI DATA QUALITY PROGRAM
The goals of EPA's data quality program for
TRI are to: (1) identify and assist facilities that
must report so that data submitted will be of the
highest quality; (2) insure high quality data
entry; (3) correct and normalize as much of the
submitted data as possible in order to maximize
the utility of the data; (4) accurately assess the
relative validity of release estimates and other
data, and (5) ensure completeness of the
database with compliance and enforcement
measures.
IDENTIFICATION AND
ASSISTANCE TO FACILITIES
Through mass mailings to all facilities within
the manufacturing sector of the economy, work
with a wide variety of trade associations, local
and national seminars, training courses, and
enforcement activities, EPA has endeavored to
locate all facilities required to report under
section 313 of EPCRA and inform them of their
obligations. In addition, EPA has prepared
various materials to assist facilities in
complying with EPCRA. These include detailed
reporting instructions, a question-and-answer
document, magnetic media reporting
instructions, general technical guidance, and
sixteen industry-specific guidance documents.
In addition, EPA maintains a toll-free hotline to
answer regulatory and technical questions to
assist facilities.
DATA ENTRY QUALITY ACTIVITIES
EPA continues to place a high emphasis on data
entry accuracy within the Toxics Release
Inventory database. EPA's internal review of
3% of the records showed a data entry accuracy
rate of over 99.9%. This is up from a 1987
reporting year rate of 97.5%. EPA continued the
computerized edit checks at the point of data
entry, including a high percent of verification
and formalization of data reconciliation
activities. EPA mailed copies of the release and
transfer estimates to all reporting facilities to
allow them to verify the entered data. EPA also
received 62% of the 1994 submissions from
facilities reporting on magnetic media, which
ensures against EPA data entry errors. This
compares to 53% magnetic media submissions
for 1993. EPA is continuing to encourage the
use of magnetic media by all submitters.
CORRECTION AND
NORMALIZATION OF DATA
Because Congress has required that EPA make
the TRI data available to the public through
computer telecommunications, EPA has found it
necessary to undertake a variety of activities to
make the data more usable. This is due to the
fact that computers only retrieve data in exactly
the format requested (e.g., if asked for "Los
Angeles," the computer will not identify
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3
Appendix C—Data Quality Program
I
facilities listed under "LA"), and facilities report
their data in a wide variety of ways. As a result,
EPA has taken steps to use a consistent name
for all counties, used a variety of nomenclature
standards for names within the database, added
latitude and longitude representing the center of
the zip code area in which the facility is found,
and has taken other steps to assist in the
utilization of the data.
EPA generates a facility identification number
at the time of data entry. Linkage between all
years of reports has been made to the best of
EPA's ability. This allows easy retrieval of
cross-year data, even when a facility is sold or
changes its name. The identification number has
been sent to all facilities. Facilities are required
to use this number on all future Form R reports
submitted to the Agency. Use of this number
facilitates data quality and cross-year analysis.
In 1995, EPA provided all states with a listing
of facilities that reported for 1994 to verify that
both the state and federal government received
the same data. States that responded found cases
where facilities had not reported to one or the
other government. States provided copies of
forms to the EPA where EPA had not received
copies, and vice-versa. This activity has
provided a critical step to assist EPA in
coordinating the data collection with the states.
Every year EPA issues Notices of
Noncompliance (NONs) to facilities who use
invalid forms or provide incomplete forms,
incomplete facility identification, or incorrect/
missing chemical identification. These facilities
are also notified by telephone to make sure their
follow-up revisions correct these errors. A
facility that does not comply with a NON may
be subject to civil penalties.
For reporting year 1994, EPA has again issued
Notices of Technical Error (NOTEs) for missing
required data or for incorrect information, such
as facility identification numbers or invalid
codes. The response rate to the NONs and
NOTEs has been very good and has prevented
errors from recurring in following years. To
help facilities avoid these types of errors, a list
of common errors was provided in the 1989
through 1994 reporting year instructions. Due to
lack of a final regulation for the pollution
prevention data elements and budget cuts for the
TRI program, EPA did not issue NOTEs for the
1991 and 1992 reporting years.
ACCURACY EVALUATION
The accuracy of the release data can vary. Some
releases can be estimated fairly easily, just by
knowing how much of the chemical was used
during the reporting year or by weighing drums
of solid/liquid waste. Where monitoring of
release streams or wastes has been done, release
estimates may be within 20% of actual amount
released, although infrequent, non-
representative sampling may lead to much less
accuracy. Estimates of fugitive air emissions
and complex wastewaters for which monitoring
data are not available may be off by one or even
two orders of magnitude, particularly when the
release is a small percentage of the amount of
the chemical actually processed.
For the 1987 and 1988 reporting years, EPA
conducted audits at facilities to determine how
well facilities complied with the law and
estimated release quantities. These audits did
not "confirm" estimates through monitoring, but
determined how well facilities used available
data and estimation techniques to calculate
releases.
Overall, based on the audit of 156 facilities,
1987 total annual releases appeared to have been
underestimated by 2%, representing the net
effect of overestimates and underestimates. For
non-zero release estimates, more than three-
O2
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Appendix C — Data Quality Program
quarters were within a factor of two of EPA's
best estimate. About 15% were in error by an
order of magnitude or more.
The survey of the 1988 data focused on facilities
in Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes
28 (chemical manufacturing), 29 (petroleum
refining), and 34 (metal finishing and
fabrication). Ninety facilities were visited. The
aggregate 1988 release estimates in these
industries were more accurate than their 1987
estimates, since their aggregate 1988 estimates
were found to be approximately equal to the
estimates calculated by the EPA contractor.
EPA is conducting another data quality survey
of the 1994 data for SIC codes 28 (chemical
manufacturing), SIC code 25 (furniture
manufacturing), and SIC code 30 (Rubber and
plastic products). This survey should be
completed by the end of 1996 with results
available by early 1997.
For the 1987 and 1988 reporting years, in a
different type of survey, EPA also identified
approximately 1,800 forms with suspect release
data and telephoned facilities to discuss how to
improve and correct their estimates. The
information from this survey was also used to
improve the reporting instructions and technical
guidance.
COMPLIANCE ACTIVITIES
EPA has taken steps to make data quality a
priority in its enforcement program. EPA
conducted approximately 70 inspections during
1995 that focused on data quality in addition to
non-reporting violations. EPA has developed a
guidance manual for EPA Regional inspectors
outlining what to look for when auditing an
EPCRA reporting facility. The manual contains
detailed guidance on how to determine if a
facility has identified all reportable chemicals,
made proper threshold determinations, and
provided reasonable release estimates.
In fiscal year 1990, $1 million was awarded to
11 states to develop and implement TRI data
quality assurance programs. These projects
focused on one or more broad data quality
assurance objectives: 1) verification of the
accuracy of the estimates and other data
submitted by the facilities; 2) identification of
facilities that should have reported but did not;
and 3) identification of discrepancies between
TRI data reported to EPA and to the state.
Quality assurance activities included facility site
visits and telephone audits, cross-checking TRI
data against other state data, such as permit data,
using computer algorithms to identify suspect
estimates, and comparing TRI data across
reporting years.
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APPENDIX D
USES OF TRI DATA
INTRODUCTION
The TRI data were first released to the public in
1989. Since then, TRI data use has expanded
rapidly, both in terms of the number of data
users and the variety and complexity of their
projects. This appendix summarizes the major
categories of TRI data use and provides a few
examples of representative uses in each
category.
PUBLIC AWARENESS
Each year, the EPA develops this national
summary report and a state fact sheet compen-
dium to distribute to the public at the time the
complete national TRI database is first released.
These reports help raise public awareness of the
TRI data and provide ready access to aggregate
information that helps track progress in reducing
emissions. Twenty-three states prepare similar
summary reports for their TRI data.
Many public interest groups disseminate TRI
data by analyzing and compiling it in summary
reports. A bibliography prepared by the
Working Group on Community Right-to-Know
in summer 1994 lists well over 100 state and
local reports and more than 30 national TRI
reports compiled by public interest groups.
These reports may focus attention on top
dischargers, identify chemicals or geographic
areas of concern, and highlight perceived needs
for further action.
• "Manufacturing Pollution," a report pro-
duced by Citizen's Fund in August 1992,
aggregated 1990 TRI data from different
facilities by their parent company. The
report summarized releases of all TRI
chemicals, as well as subsets of chemicals
that could cause cancer or birth defects.
• "Poisons in Our Neighborhoods," a report
produced by Citizen's Fund in November
1993, summarized 1991 TRI data nationally
and by state. The report attempted to
measure the progress of manufacturers in
preventing pollution and included report
cards evaluating the pollution prevention
efforts and performance of the top 50 waste-
generating facilities in the chemical
industry.
• "Troubled Waters: Major Sources of Toxic
Water Pollution," a report released by the
U.S. Public Interest Research Group in June
1993, examined TRI releases to surface
waters and to publicly owned sewage treat-
ment plants. Release of the report was timed
to focus public attention on water and sewer
discharges during Congressional attempts to
revise the Clean Water Act. The report made
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,»2M
Appendix D—Data Use
recommendations for amending the Act to
provide the public more information about
toxic releases to waterways and to
strengthen enforcement.
• "Where the Wastes Are," a report released
by OMB Watch and the Unison Institute in
April 1994, examined facilities receiving the
largest quantities of shipments of TRI
chemicals in waste. The report identified the
largest off-site recipients overall and in
particular categories, such as incinerators
and landfills. The report also profiled certain
companies active in the operation of these
toxic waste management facilities.
Because the public now has access to informa-
tion about what potentially harmful substances
are being released into their communities, they
can use this information to begin to understand
potential risks and to work with facilities to
reduce those risks.
• After an analysis of 1987 TRI data revealed
that an IBM plant in the "Silicon Valley"
area discharged the largest quantities of
ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
in California, a public interest group
organized a campaign to reduce those
emissions. Within months, senior manage-
ment at IBM had pledged to completely
eliminate the use of CFCs in their products
and processes at the plant by 1993.
• Following the release of an environmental
group's report identifying a local facility as
the 45th-largest emitter of carcinogens to air
in the nation, community activists in North-
field, MN, worked with the Amalgamated
Clothing and Textile Workers Union to call
for emissions reductions. Contract nego-
tiations between the union and the facility
resulted in an agreement for a 64% reduction
in the use of toxic chemicals by 1992 and a
90% reduction in toxic emissions by 1993.
• In 1993, the Minnesota Citizens for a Better
Environment released a report profiling the
state's "top 40 toxic polluters" based on
emissions of certain priority chemicals. The
report was designed to provide enough
information to support local efforts to
negotiate with facilities for emissions reduc-
tions. Since publication, activists have
worked with 18 of the 40 facilities identified
in the report.
VOLUNTARY EMISSIONS
REDUCTIONS
The public availability of the TRI data has led
many corporations to commit publicly to
voluntary emissions reductions. One well-
known pledge was Monsanto's 1989 commit-
ment to reduce its worldwide air emissions of
toxic chemicals by 90% by 1992. In addition to
providing the impetus for these reduction
pledges, the TRI data also provide the public
with the measurement tool needed to track
companies' progress, as well as providing the
companies a means of demonstrating their
commitment and success.
A number of national, state, and local voluntary
emissions reduction programs have sprung up
since the beginning of TRI reporting. Many of
these programs use TRI data to set toxic
emissions reduction goals and to track progress
in meeting those goals. Most of these programs
provide positive recognition to companies or
facilities that meet their reduction pledges.
• EPA's "33/50 Program" targeted 17 priority
TRI chemicals for emissions reductions of
33% by 1992 and 50% by 1995, from 1988
levels. Chapter 4 of this report discusses the
33/50 program and its early achievement of
the 50% reduction goal.
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Appendix D — Data Use
• Louisiana's Environmental Leadership
Pollution Prevention Program is a statewide
emissions prevention and reduction program
that seeks a 45% reduction in toxic chemical
emissions by 1997, using 1992 data as a
baseline. The program sponsors the
Governor Awards for Environmental
Excellence to promote public recognition of
industry achievements,
» The states of Kentucky, Ohio, and West
Virginia have joined together in a "Tri-State
Initiative" to identify, prevent, and
remediate environmental threats in an area
known for its industrial base and its
susceptibility to air inversions. Program
coordinators are using a risk assessment
process to focus on sources of greatest
concern. The program will use voluntary
industry commitments and cooperative
efforts between industry, the public, and
government to achieve reductions in releases
of TRI chemicals and criteria air pollutants.
POLLUTION PREVENTION
TARGETING
Many government agencies are using TRI data
to identify pollution prevention opportunities
and better target their technical and financial
assistance resources.
• The Pollution Prevention Program of the
Colorado Department of Public Health and
the Environment used TRI data, in combina-
tion with other air and water emissions data
and hazardous waste data, to identify 10
industry sectors which are responsible for
the largest quantities of hazardous waste
generation or toxic emissions in the state.
This study will serve as the basis for estab-
lishing priorities for pollution prevention
activities and for distribution of technical
assistance grants. The report will also be
used to target large companies for partici-
pation in a Governor's Pollution Prevention
Challenge Program to reduce toxic emis-
sions and hazardous waste generation.
• The Pollution Prevention Division of the
state of Georgia's Department of Natural
Resources used TRI data in the process of
identifying the technical assistance needs of
manufacturing sectors that generate chemi-
cals posing the greatest relative risk to
public health and the environment. First, the
Division prioritized chemicals based on
toxicity and regulatory factors. The Division
then examined manufacturing sectors
releasing the highest-priority chemicals and
identified particular subsectors for further
assessment. The program is now conducting
in-depth manufacturing sector assessments,
including focus groups and site visits, to
determine what processes produce the
wastes, what multi-media waste problems
exist, what pollution prevention activities
are currently being undertaken, and what
additional opportunities exist.
LEGISLATION AND REGULATION
The large quantities of toxic emissions reported
under TRI have highlighted the need for
changes in environmental regulations and
legislation. Environmental groups have used
TRI data to lobby for new or stronger national
and state environmental protection laws or
better enforcement of existing regulations.
Government agencies have used TRI data to set
priorities for regulatory development and
implementation.
« TRI data provided the impetus for passage
of pollution prevention laws in many states.
Many of these laws require facility pollution
D-3
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0-XI
Appendix D—Data Use
prevention planning; some laws charge
facilities fees based on quantities of toxic
chemical emissions or waste generated.
« The magnitude of largely unregulated air
toxics releases revealed by the TRI data
identified the need for additional air toxics
legislation and helped create the political
climate necessary to pass such laws. The
release of the first national TRI data in 1989
helped lead to the passage of stringent air
toxics requirements in the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990. TRI data helped spur
the Louisiana state legislature to require the
state Department of Environmental Quality
to issue regulations identifying 100 priority
pollutants, setting emissions standards for
those pollutants, and targeting a 50%
emissions reduction from 1987 levels by
1994. A public interest group report on
unregulated air toxics emissions in North
Carolina led the state's Environmental
Management Commission to set limits for
105 air pollutants.
• TRI data were used by some states in
developing their lists of waters impaired by
toxic pollutants under section 304(1) of the
Clean Water Act. Public interest groups in
10 states used TRI data to petition EPA to
add certain other bodies of water to these
lists. For example, in North Carolina, the
Clean Water Fund used TRI data and stream
flow information to show that toxicity levels
in 15 areas exceeded state and federal criteria
for protecting human health and the
environment.
EDUCATION
The TRI data are being used in many environ-
mental education programs, particularly at the
high school and university levels. Students learn
about toxic chemical releases, the potential
health and environmental effects of those
releases, pollution prevention activities and
opportunities, and the social and political
aspects of environmental protection. Some
organizations are also conducting educational
outreach programs using TRI data.
• Students in the Environmental Studies
Department at Dickinson College (Penn-
sylvania) use TRI data to conduct toxic
waste audits on communities or facilities.
Students identify epidemiological and
environmental health effects, occupational
exposure standards, and other relevant
information. Students arrange plant tours
which focus on toxic chemical use reduction
and "good neighbor" agreements between
facilities and communities. They also meet
with local citizens, environmental organiza-
tions, labor unions and others.
• The John Snow Institute Center for
Environmental Health Studies has devel-
oped a tutorial entitled "Environment and
Health: How to Investigate Community
Environmental Health Problems." This
tutorial introduces the public to TRI and
other resources which can be used to
identify and address local pollution sources.
Audiences include librarians, local officials,
members of the media, environmental
advocates, the general public, and students
from high school to graduate level.
RISK SCREENING
TRI data are used extensively to identify and
prioritize potential risks from toxic chemical
releases. Risk screening processes using TRI
data can help governments and others target
facilities, industries, chemicals, or geographic
areas for further investigation or follow-up
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Appendix D — Data Use
actions, including voluntary reduction efforts,
technical assistance, incentives and disincen-
tives, regulation development, or enforcement.
Simple risk screening techniques may sum TRI
release data or release and transfer data by
facility, geographic area, industry sector, or
chemical. These approaches rely on certain
assumptions, such as equal hazard potential
from all chemicals and equal exposure potential
for each environmental medium.
Other approaches weight the TRI data by the
toxicity of the released chemical. Weights may
be qualitative or quantitative toxicity rankings,
or they may be based on toxicity values, such as
a cancer potency or an acceptable dose level.
More complex systems incorporate exposure
evaluations, including information about
chemical fate, environmental dispersion, and the
size and characterization of receptors.
« New York State* s Department of Health
developed a risk screening protocol which
uses TRI air release data to produce relative
risk rankings for facilities and chemicals
within the state. The procedure combines air
emissions data and toxicity potency data to
give a quantitative risk screening score for
each facility. Three separate rankings were
developed, based on carcinogenicity, non-
cancer endpoints, and a combination of both
factors. The results of these rankings
suggested to the Department of Health that
there is a need for more careful evaluation of
potential health effects resulting from large
releases of noncarcinogenic compounds
such as respiratory irritants and small
releases of very potent inorganic
carcinogens.
• EPA's Office of Water used TRI data and
other water emissions data in its National
Sediment Contaminant Source Inventory, an
evaluation of sources of sediment contami-
nation in the U.S. This project identified
point source pollutant discharges that may
result in sediment contamination and
analyzed these releases based on their
potential sediment hazard. Chemical release
amounts were weighted by the compound's
relative toxicity to aquatic or human health,
as well as relevant fate and transport factors.
The study identified chemicals, geographic
areas, and industrial categories of greatest
concern for sediment contamination.
• Three EPA Regional offices are developing
a screening process that will allow decision-
makers to focus pollution prevention efforts,
exposure and risk assessments, or epidemi-
ological studies on areas of greatest concern.
The first phase of the process produces a
"Chronic Index," which ranks TRI releases
in terms of their relative toxicity. The results
of this Index are aggregated by facility, by
chemical, and by geographic area using a
grid system. The second phase of the
process will produce a "Vulnerability
Index," which describes the susceptibility of
populations by scoring demographic
attributes such as age, economic status, and
minority status.
• EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and
Toxics is nearing completion of its TRI
"Environmental Indicators Model," which
provides year-to-year indicators of the
potential impacts of TRI chemical releases
on human health and the environment. The
indicators consider TRI release and transfer
volumes, chronic toxicity, exposure
potential, and size of receptor populations.
Both generic and site-specific exposure
characteristics can be incorporated. The
model will allow targeting and prioritization
of chemicals, industries, and geographic
areas.
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m
Appendix D — Data Use
_ l
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
ANALYSIS
Public interest groups, academics, and
government researchers are using TRI data to
investigate environmental justice issues. TRI
data can be used to help determine whether
members of racial or ethnic minorities or people
with lower-income levels may experience higher
levels of exposure to or risk from toxic
chemicals released by industrial facilities.
• Researchers from EPA's Office of Health
Research recently published a study of
national and regional differences in county-
level TRI air emissions according to the
ethnicity or race and household income of
the populations. Using a measure known as
a "Population Emissions Index," a
population-weighted average emission for
each county, the study found that all
minority groups except Native Americans
tend to live in counties where TRI air
emissions levels are higher than in counties
where whites live. However, the data also
suggest that household incomes tend to be
higher in counties with higher TRI air
releases.
» Researchers at the University of California,
Santa Barbara's Center for Geographic
Information and Analysis used 1989 TRI
data and 1990 U.S. Census data to examine
and map significant relationships between
the race and income of populations and their
proximity to TRI sites in Los Angeles.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Many organizations are incorporating TRI data
into computerized Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) to analyze and display TRI data
and to examine potential impacts in particular
geographic areas. GIS is particularly useful for
combining data from multiple sources, because
it allows overlays of data for the same
geographic areas for display and analysis. GIS
can show locations of emissions sources (such
as TRI sites) relative to receptors (such as
residential populations or water sources),
environmental characteristics surrounding the
sites, and political boundaries. GIS users can
perform calculations, such as determining the
number of people within a certain distance of a
facility, and can build sophisticated models to
evaluate potential risks.
» The New Jersey Department of Environ-
mental Protection and Energy used TRI data
in a GIS to prioritize facilities and
geographic areas for implementation of
pollution prevention measures. A grid
system of two-mile by two-mile cells was
used for aggregation of air releases and land
releases. Minor watersheds were used to
aggregate and map water releases. In order
to study the cumulative impact of many
releases in the area, chemicals were grouped
based on health and environmental effects.
« EPA's Office of Information Resources
Management sponsored the development of
a Population Estimation and Characteri-
zation Tool, which uses GIS technology and
demographic data for risk-based and
environmental justice applications. The tool
allows users to estimate and characterize
populations within a given radius of a single
TRI facility or multiple facilities and to
identify areas of multiple potential exposure.
ENFORCEMENT AND
COMPLIANCE
Because the TRI data include detailed facility
identification information, as well as releases to
all media and transfers to off-site locations, TRI
is particularly well-suited to multi-media
enforcement and compliance planning, priority-
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Appendix D — Data Use
setting, and targeting, TRI data can be integrated
with other release and waste generation data,
monitoring data, and compliance history
information to provide a more complete picture
of facility or industry compliance with environ-
mental regulations.
« EPA's Office of Research and Development
and Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance are developing a "Multi-Media
Ranking System" to prioritize sites for
enforcement actions and to evaluate the
effectiveness of environmental laws in
reducing risks from sites. The system ranks
sites based on their multi-media releases of
pollutants, their potential risk to human
health and the environment, and the history
of legal violations by the facility. The
system combines TRI data with data from
EPA air and water databases. For each site,
the system develops a Chemical Ranking
Factor based on chemical toxicity and fate
information, a Vulnerability Ranking Factor
based on the climate, soil type, and other
environmental properties surrounding the
site, and a Population Ranking Factor based
on the demographic characteristics sur-
rounding the site.
EPA and many states are also using TRI data to
attempt to identify violations of various environ-
mental statutes, such as the Clean Air Act and
the Clean Water Act.
• Twenty states use TRI data to target permit
compliance inspections of facilities,
» EPA's Office of Air and Radiation has used
the TRI data to aid in identifying potential or
actual violations of the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards for lead,
* EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emer-
gency Response has used TRI data as a
means of establishing potential liability
under the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act
and the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act.
"GREEN INDEXING"
Investment analysts, researchers and others are
using TRI data, along with other environmental
and social data, to rate companies' comparative
environmental performance. Demand for
environmental performance information by
investors, insurance companies, and the public
has led many companies to develop environ-
mental annual reports similar to annual reports
on financial performance traditionally prepared
for investors,
« The Clean Yield Group, an investment
portfolio management group, compares
companies' TRI release data to their indus-
try averages of pounds of toxic chemicals
per dollar of sales. This serves as a rough
yardstick to gauge how a company measures
up against other companies in its industry
and allows the investment firm to track how
the company's release performance is
improving from year to year.
* The Investor Responsibility Research
Center, Inc., a not-for-profit research
organization for institutional investors, uses
TRI data in developing its Corporate
Environmental Profile Directory. This
directory presents quantitative, consistently
derived data that allows investors to evaluate
and compare corporate environmental
performance. The corporate profiles include
TRI release and transfer data, as well as an
"Emissions Efficiency Index" which
compares toxic chemical emissions to the
company's domestic revenue.
D-7
-------
m I
0*M«.I
Appendix D—Data Use
* Fortune magazine used TRI data as a central
element in compiling a "green index" of
America's biggest manufacturers. The
magazine examined companies* environ-
mental records and developed a relative
ranking system that assigned companies
scores from zero to 10 in 20 performance
categories, including the amount of toxic
emissions per dollar value of sales and their
percent reduction in toxic chemical emis-
sions. The article included lists of 10 leading
companies, 10 "laggard" companies, and 10
most improved companies.
The concept of "green indexing" can also be
applied to industry sectors or to geographic
areas. For example, TRI and other environ-
mental data can be used to rank industries based
on their comparative potential for environmental
harm or to rank states based on indicators of
their environmental quality.
* A researcher in Louisiana developed a
method for normalizing the TRI data to
allow comparisons among facilities,
industries, and states to help evaluate the
comparative effectiveness of pollution
control strategies, policies, and programs.
The method calculates an "emissions-to-jobs
ratio," the number of pounds of emissions
per job in a given industry and location. This
ratio is then compared to a national or other
average to determine relative performance. It
can also be tracked over time to evaluate
improvement.
» The Institute for Southern Studies, a public
interest group, used TRI data in producing a
report entitled "The 1991-1992 Green Index:
A State-by-State Guide to the Nation's
Environmental Health." This report ranked
states according to numerous environmental
criteria, including toxic chemical emissions.
TAXES AND FEES
A number of states base fees on the number of
TRI reports filed or the quantity of TRI chemi-
cals released and/or transferred from facilities.
Some states use TRI data to tax facilities or to
modify their taxes. Taxes and fees can serve as
important incentives to prevent waste generation
and pollution.
» The "environment-to-jobs" ratio calculated
in Louisiana was included in an environ-
mental scorecard that was developed and
implemented to modify tax exemptions
granted to facilities to encourage and reward
job creation. If a facility's environmental
score (including its "environment-to-jobs
ratio") was low, the amount of the tax
exemption could be decreased.
* The U.S. Internal Revenue Service used TRI
data to identify companies releasing CFCs in
order to enforce a tax imposed on releases of
CFCs.
D-8
-------
APPENDIX E
REGULATORY MATRIX:
TRI CHEMICALS
IN OTHER FEDERAL PROGRAMS
Many of the chemicals covered under TRI are
also subject to other environmental laws. The
following matrix indicates whether the currently
listed TW chemicals are subject to any of the
following selected environmental laws:
1, EPCRA 302: EPCRA section 302 (codified
at 40 CFR Part 355), facilities with listed
extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) in
quantities greater than their Threshold
Planning Quantities (TPQs) must report to
the State Emergency Response Commission.
TPQs are based on a combination of acute
toxicity and ability of the substance to
become airborne. The list of EHSs and their
TPQs can be found at 40 CFR Part 355
Appendix A. For more information, contact
the EPCRA Information Hotline: 1-800-535-
0202.
2. CAA 112: The Clean Air Act (CAA) section
112(b), National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS;
codified at 40 CFR Part 61), lists the
Hazardous Air Pollutants and includes
emissions standards and monitoring
requirements for plants with listed
chemicals.
3. CERCLA: Under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA; 42
USC 9601 et seq.), releases of listed
substances at or above their Reportable
Quantities (RQs) must be reported to the
National Response Center. RQs are set on
the basis of aquatic toxicity, acute
mammalian toxicity, ignitability, reactivity,
chronic toxicity, and carcinogenicity, with
possible adjustment on the basis of
biodegradation, hydrolysis, and photolysis.
The list of CERCLA hazardous substances
and their RQs can be found at 40 CFR
302.4. For more information, contact the
RCRA/Superfund Hotline: 1-800-424-9346.
4. FIFRA: The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) creates a
statutory framework under which EPA,
through a registration process, regulates the
development, sale, distribution, and use of
pesticides.
5. NPDWR: The National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations (NPDWR) under the Safe
Drinking Water Act, Subparts B and G
(codified at 40 CFR Part 141) list Maximum
E-1
-------
Appendix E—Regulatory Matrix
6.
Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for certain
chemicals. The MCL is the maximum
permissible level of a contaminant in public
drinking water systems, MCLs are based on
health factors, but are also required by law
to reflect the technological and economic
feasibility of removing the contaminant
from the water supply. Further information
is available from the Safe Drinking Water
Hotline: 1-800-424-4791.
PPL: The Clean Water Act (CWA) regulates
the discharge of pollutants into waterways
by industrial sources, municipal sources, and
other sources. These sources of water pollu-
tion are subject to effluent limitations based
on guidelines and water quality standards.
Approximately 125 pollutants make up a
"Priority Pollutants List" (PPL). EPA has
developed water quality criteria for all the
priority pollutants.
7. RCRA (P/U): Under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),
hazardous waste is required to be managed
"cradle to grave" (i.e., from the point of
generation to the point of ultimate disposal).
For a waste to be classified as hazardous, it
can be an F, K, P, or U listed hazardous
waste (40 CFR 261.30 - 261.33) or exhibit
one of the following characteristics:
ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or
toxicity. The chemicals on the P and U list
are commercial chemical products, off-
specification species, container residues, and
spill residues. The chemicals on the P list
have been identified as acute hazardous
waste; those on the U list have been identi-
fied as toxic waste. For more information,
contact the RCRA/Superfund Hotline:
1-800-424-9346.
E-2
-------
fini
Appendix E—Regulatory Matrix
i
m
CAS
NumberO
75-07-0
60-35-5
75-05-8
53-96-3
107-02-8
79-06-1
79-10-7
107-13-1
309-00-2
107-18-6
107-05-1
7429-90-5
1344-28-1
117-79-3
60-09-3
92-67-1
82-28-0
61-82-5
7664-41-7
6484-52-2
7783-20-2
62-53-3
90-04-0
104-94-9
134-29-2
120-12-7
7440-36-0
—
7440-38-2
—
1332-21-4
7440-39-3
—
98-87-3
55-21-0
71-43-2
92-87-5
98-07-7
98-88-4
94-36-0
100-44-7
7440-41-7
—
92-52-4
111-91-1
1 1 1-44-4
542-88-1
108-60-1
103-23-1
353-59-3
75-25-2
74-83-9
Chemical
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetonitrile
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Aldrin
AHyl alcohol . . . . ,
Allyl chloride
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Aluminum oxide (fibrous forms)
2-Aminoanthraquinone
4-Aminoazobenzene
4-AminobiphenyI
l-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone
Amitrole
Ammonia
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Aniline
o-Anisidine
p-Anisidine
o-Anisidine hydrochloride
Anthracene
Antimony
Antimony compounds
Arsenic
Arsenic compounds
Asbestos (friable)
Barium
Barium compounds
Benzal chloride
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzidine
Benzoic trichloride
Benzoyl chloride
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
Beryllium compounds
Bipheny!
Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl)
ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Bromochlorodifluoromethane
(Halon 1211)
Bromoform
Bromomethane
EPCRA CAA
302 112(b)
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
CERCLA FIFRA NPDWR
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
RCRA RCRA
PPL P U
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
E-3
-------
^n
O*MMM|
Appendix E—Regulatory Matrix
CAS
NumberQ
75-63-8
106-99-0
141-32-2
71-36-3
78-92-2
75-65-0
106-88-7
123-72-8
4680-78-8
569-64-2
989-38-8
1937-37-7
2602-46-2
16071-86-6
2832-40-8
3761-53-3
81-88-9
3118-97-6
97-56-3
842-07-9
492-80-8
128-66-5
7440-43-9
—
156-62-7
133-06-2
63-25-2
75-15-0
56-23-5
463-58-1
120-80-9
133-90-4
57-74-9
7782-50-5
10049-04-4
79-11-8
532-27-4
108-90-7
510-15-6
75-68-3
75-45-6
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
107-30-2
—
126-99-8
2837-89-0
354-25-6
63938-10-3
1897-45-6
7440-47.3
— ,
744(M8-4
Chemical
Bromotrifluoromethanc
(Halon 1301)
1,3-Butadiene
Butyl acrylate
n-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl alcohol
1 ,2-Butylene oxide
Butyraldehyde
C.I. Acid Green 3
C.I. Basic Green 4
C.I. Basic Red 1
C.I. Direct Black 38
C.I. Direct Blue 6
C.I. Direct Brown 95
C.I. Disperse Yellow 3
C.I. Food Red 5
C.I. Food Red 15
C.I. Solvent Orange 7
C.I. Solvent Yellow 3
C.L Solvent Yellow 14
C.L Solvent Yellow 34
C.I. Vat Yellow 4
Cadmium
Cadmium compounds
Calcium cyanamide
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbon disulflde
Carbon tetraehloride
Carbonyl sulfide
Catechol
Chloramben
Chlordane
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chloroacetic acid
2-Chloroacetophenone
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzilate
1-Chloro-l ,1-difluoroetliane
Chlorodifluoromethane
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
Chtoromethyl methyl ether
Chlorophenols
Chloroprene
2-Chloro- 1,1,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane
1-Chloro-l ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroe thane
Chlorotetrafluoroethane
Chlorothalonil
Chromium
Chromium compounds
Cobalt
EPCRA CAA
302 112(b)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
CERCLA FIFRA NPDWR
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
XXX
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
RCRA RCRA
PPL P U
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
E4
-------
IS
Appendix E—Regulatory Matrix
TO
CAS
NumberQ
—
7440-50-8
—
8001-58-9
120-71-8
1319-77-3
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
80-15-9
135-20-6
—
110-82-7
94-75-7
1163-19-5
2303-16-4
615-05-4
39156-41-7
101-80-4
25376-45-8
95-80-7
334-88-3
132-64-9
96-12-8
106-93-4
124-73-2
84-74-2
25321-22-6
95-50-1
541-73-1
106-46-7
91-94-1
75-27-4
764-41-0
75-71-8
107-06-2
540-59-0
1717-00-6
75-09-2
120-83-2
78-87-5
78-88-6
542-75-6
76-14-2
34077-87-7
306-83-2
354-23-4
90454-18-5
812-04-4
62-73-7
115-32-2
1464-53-5
Chemical
Cobalt compounds
Copper
Copper compounds
Creosote
p-Cresidine
Cresol (mixed isomers)
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cupferron
Cyanide compounds
Cyclohexane
2,4-D (acetic acid)
Decabromodiphenyl oxide
Diallate
2,4-Diaminoanisole
2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
Diaminotoluene (mixed isomers)
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Diazomethane
Dibenzofuran
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromotetrafluoroethane
(Halon 2402)
Dibutyl phthalate
Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlorobromomethane
4,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
(CFC-12)
1,2-Dichloroethane
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
1 , 1 -Dichloro- 1 -fluoroethane
Dichloromethane
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
2,3-Dichloropropene
1 ,3-Dichloropropylene
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Dichlorotri fluoroethane
1 , 1-Dichloro- 1 ,2,2-tri fluoroethane
1 ,2-Dichloro- 1 , 1 ,2-trifluoroethane
Dichloro- 1 , 1 ,2-tri fluoroethane
1 , 1 -Dichloro- 1 ,2,2-trifluoroethane
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Diepoxybutane
EPCRA CAA
302 112(b)
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
CERCLA FIFRA NPDWR
X
XXX
XXX
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
XXX
X
X
X
X
X
X X
XXX
X
X
X
X X
X
XXX
X
X X
X
X
XXX
X X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X X
X X
X
RCRA RCRA
PPL P U
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
.X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X
E-5
-------
Appendix E—Regulatory Matrix
CAS
NumbcrO
111-42-2
1 17-81-7
84-66-2
64-67-5
94-58-6
119-90-4
60-1 1-7
1 19-93-7
79-44-7
57-14-7
105-67-9
131-11-3
99-65-0
528-29-0
100-25-4
534-52-1
51-28-5
121-14-2
606-20-2
25321-14-6
123-91-1
122-66-7
106-89-8
1 10-80-5
140-88-5
100-41-4
541-41-3
74-85-1
—
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
96-45-7
75-34-3
2164-17-2
50-00-0
64-18-6
76-13-1
—
76-44-8
118-74-1
87-68-3
77-47-4
67-72-1
1335-87-1
70-30-4
680-31-9
302-01-2
10034-93-2
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
123-31-9
78-84-2
Chemical
Diethanolamine
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dicthyl sulfate
Dihydrosafrole
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
Dimethylcarbamyl chloride
1,1 -Dimethyl hydrazine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
m-Dinitrobcnzene
o-Dinitrobeiizene
p-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Dinitrotolucne (mixed isomers)
1 ,4-Dioxane
1 ,2-DiphenyIhydrazine
Epichlorohydrin
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl actylate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl chloroformate
Ethylene
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic
acid, salts and esters
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Ethylidene dichloride
Fluometuron
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
FreonllS
Glycol ethers
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloro-1 ,3-butadiene
Hcxachlorocyclopcntadiene
Hcxachloroe thane
Hcxachloronaphthalene
Hcxachlorophene
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydroquinone
Isobutyraldehyde
EPCRA CAA
302 112(b)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X X
x
X X
X X
CERCLA FIFRA NPDWR
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
XXX
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
RCRA RCRA
PPL P U
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
E6
-------
Appendix £—Regulatory Matrix
CAS
NumberQ
67-63-0
80-05-7
120-58-1
7439-92-1
—
58-89-9
108-31-6
109-77-3
12427-38-2
7439-96-5
—
7439-97-6
—
126-98-7
67-56-1
72-43-5
109-86-4
96-33-3
79-22-1
109-06-8
1634-04-4
101-14-4
101-61-1
101-68-8
74-95-3
101-77-9
78-93-3
60-34-4
74-88-4
108-10-1
624-83-9
80-62-6
90-94-8
1313-27-5
76-15-3
505-60-2
91-20-3
134-32-7
91-59-8
7440-02-0
—
7697-37-2
139-13-9
99-59-2
99-55-8
98-95-3
92-93-3
1836-75-5
51-75-2
55-63-0
88-75-5
100-02-7
Chemical
Isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing)
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol
Isosafrole
Lead
Lead compounds
Lindane
Maleic anhydride
Malononitrilc
Maneb
Manganese
Manganese compounds
Mercury
Mercury compounds
Methacrylonitrile
Methanol
Methoxychlor
2-MethoxyethanoI
Methyl acrylate
Methyl chlorocarbonate
2-Methylpyridine
Methyl tert-butyl ether
4,4'-Methylenebis
(2-chloroaniline)
4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethyl)
benzeneamine
Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate)
Methylene bromide
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl methacrylate
Michler's ketone
Molybdenum trioxide
Monochloropentafluoroethane
(CFC-1 15)
Mustard gas
Naphthalene
alpha-Naphthylamine
beta-Naphthylamine
Nickel
Nickel compounds
Nitric acid
Nitrilotriacetic acid
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Nitrobenzene
4-NitrobiphenyI
Nitrofen
Nitrogen mustard
Nitroglycerin
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
EPCRA CAA
302 112(b)
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
CERCLA FIFRA NPDWR
X
X
X X
X X
XXX
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
XXX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
RCRA RCRA
PPL P U
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
E-7
-------
Appendix E—Regulatory Matrix
CAS
Numbcrf)
79-46-9
156-10-5
121-69-7
924-16-3
55-18-5
62-75-9
86-30-6
621-64-7
4549-40-0
59-89-2
759-73-9
684-93-5
16543-55-8
100-75-4
2234-13-1
20816-12-0
123-63-7
56-38-2
76-01-7
87-86-5
79-21-0
108-95-2
106-50-3
90-43-7
75-44-5
7664-38-2
7723-14-0
85-44-9
88-89-1
—
1336-36-3
23950-58-5
1120-71-4
57-57-8
123-38-6
1 14-26-1
115-07-1
75-55-8
75-56-9
110-86-1
91-22-5
106-51-4
82-68-8
81-07-2
94-59-7
7782-49-2
—
7440-22-4
—
100-42-5
96-09-3
7664-93-9
630-20-6
79-34-5
127-18-4
Chemical
2-Nitropropane
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
N-NitrosomorphoIine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
N-Nitrosonornicotine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
Octochloronaphthalene
Osmium tetroxide
Paraldehyde
Parathion
Pentachloroethane
Pentachlorophenol
Peracetic acid
Phenol
p-Phenylenediamine
2-Phenylphenol
Phosgene
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus (yellow or white)
Phthalic anhydride
Picric acid
Polybrominated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Pronamide
Propane sultone
beta-Propiolactone
Propionaldehyde
Propoxur
Propylene
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
Pyridine
Quinoline
Quinone
Quintozene
Saccharin (manufacturing)
Safrole
Selenium
Selenium compounds
Silver
Silver compounds
Styrene
Styrcne oxide
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
1 ,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 ,1 ,2,2-Tetraehloraethane
Tetrachloroethylene
EPCRA CAA
302 112(b)
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
CERCLA FIFRA NPDWR
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
XXX
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X X
RCRA RCRA
PPL P U
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
E-8
-------
In
Appendix E — Regulatory Matrix
CAS
NumberQ
961-11-5
7440-28-0
62-55-5
139-65-1
62-56-6
137-26-8
1314-20-1
7550-45-0
108-88-3
584-84-9
91-08-7
26471-62-5
95-53-4
636-21-5
8001-35-2
68-76-8
52-68-6
120-82-1
71-55-6
79-00-5
79-01-6
75-69-4
95-95-4
88-06-2
1582-09-8
95-63-6
126-72-7
72-57-1
51-79-6
7440-62-2
108-05-4
593-60-2
75-01-4
75-35-4
—
1330-20-7
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
87-62-7
7440-66-6
—
12122-67-7
Chemical
Tetrachlorvinphos
Thallium
Thioacetamide
4,4'-Thiodi aniline
Thiourea
Thiram
Thorium dioxide
Titanium tetrachloride
Toluene
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
Toluenediisocyanate
(mixed isomers)
o-Toluidine
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
Toxaphene
Triaziquonc
Trichlorfon
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-1 1)
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-TrichlorophenoI
Trifluralin
1 ,2,4-TrimethyIbenzene
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)
phosphate
Trypan blue
Urethane
Vanadium (fume or dust)
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidene chloride
Warfarin and salts
Xylene (mixed isomers)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
2,6-Xylidine
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zinc compounds
Zineb
EPCRA CAA
302 112(b)
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
CERCLA FffRA NPDWR
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
X X
X X
XXX
X X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
XXX
X
X
X
X X
X X
RCRA RCRA
PPL P XJ
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
Compound categories do not have CAS numbers (—).
E-9
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
APPENDIX F
TRI FORM R FOR 1994
The 1994 Form R (a copy of which follows) is divided into two parts:
• Part I (Facility Identification Information) * Part II (Chemical-Specific Information)
contains information on such matters as contains information such as chemical
name, address, parent company information identity, facility activities and uses of the
and contact names and phone numbers for the chemical, on-site release and transfer
facility. amounts, on-site waste treatment methods
and efficiencies, and data on source
reduction and recycling activities.
Readers who are interested in a more in-depth understanding of who is required to report to TRI and
how to fill out the Form R, should refer to the EPCRA Information Hotline at 1-800-535-0202.
F-1
-------
(IMPORTANT: Type or print; read instructions before completing form)
Form Approved OMB Number: 2070-0093
Approval Expires: 11/92 Page 1 ofJ
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
FORM R
TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE
INVENTORY REPORTING FORM
Section 313 of ihe Emergency Planning and Community Rlght-fo-Know Act of 1986,
also known as Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
TRI FACILITY ID NUMBER
Toxte Chemical, Category, or Generic Name
WHERE TO SEND 1> EPCRA Reporting Center 2. APPROPRIATE STATE OFFICE
rnuot cren rrvniuo. p-°- Box 3348 (See instructions in Appendix F)
UUMHLt 1 tU t-UHMb. Merrifieid, VA 221 16-3348
ATTN: TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE INVENTORY
IMPORTANT: See instructions to determine when "Not
Applicable (NA)" boxes should be checked.
Enter "X" here if
this is a revision
Far EPA use only
PART I. FACILITY IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
SECTION 1.
REPORTING
YEAR
19
SECTION 2. TRADE SECRET INFORMATION
2.1
2.2
Arc
5 you claiming the toxic chemical
Yes (Answer question 2.2;
Attach substantiation forms)
If yes in 2.1 , is this copy:
'den
tified on pag
No (Do nc
Go to Sect
Sanitized
e 3 trade secret?
)t answer 2.2;
ion 3)
Unsanitized
SECTION 3. CERTIFICATION (Important: Read and sign after completing all form sections.)
I hereby certify that I have reviewed the attached documents and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the
submitted information is true and complete and that the amounts and values in this report are accurate based on
reasonable estimates using data available to the preparers of this report.
Name and official title of owner/operator or senior management official
Signature
Date Signed
SECTION 4. FACILITY IDENTIFICATION
TRI Facility ID Number |
Facility or Establishment Name
Street Address
«
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA FORM R
PART I. FACILITY IDENTIFICATION
INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Page 2 of9
TRI FACILITY ID NUMBER
Toxic Chemical, Category, or Generic Name
SECTION 4. FACILITY IDENTIFICATION (Continued)
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
This report contains information for:
(Important: check a or b; check c if applicable)
Technical Com
Public Contact
SIC Code
(4-digit) a
Latitude
**nf\
Longitude
Name
!•->.->+
[act
Name
b.
i— I An entire , r— i Part of a r— j A Federal
a-LJ facility D-LJ facility C'LJ facility
c.
Latitude
Degrees Minutes
Seconds
d.
Telephone Number (include area code)
Telephone Number ( nclude area code)
e. f.
Longitude
Degrees
Dun & Bradstreet Number(s) (9 digits)
EPA Identification Number(s) (RCRA I.D. No.)
(12 characters)
Facility NPDES Permit Number(s)
(9 characters)
Underground Injection Weil Code (UIC) I.D.
Number(s) (12 digits)
Minutes Seconds
V
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.-
a.
b.
SECTION 5. PARENT COMPANY INFORMATION
5.1
Name of Parent Company
5.2
Parent Company's Dun & Bradstreet Number
(9 digits)
DA Form 9350-.1 (Rev. 12/94) - Previous editions are obsolete.
-------
Page 3 of
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA FORM R
PART II. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC
INFORMATION
TRI FACILITY ID NUMBER
Toxic Chemical, Category, or Generic Name
SECTION 1. TOXIC CHEMICAL IDENTITY {important: DO NOT complete this
section if you complete Section 2 below.)
CAS Number (Important: Enter only one number exactly as it appears on
1.1
the Section 313 list. Enter category code if reporting a chemical category.)
Toxic Chemical or Chemical Category Name (Important: Enter only one name exactly as it appears on the Section 313 list.)
1.2
Generic Chemical Name (Important: Complete only If Part I, Section 2.1
1.3
is checked "yes." Generic Name must be structurally descriptive.)
SECTION 2. MIXTURE COMPONENT IDENTITY Sionlf
2.1
Generic Chemical Name Provided by Supplier (Important: Maximum of 70 characters,
it: DO NOT complete this
you complete Section 1 above.)
including numbers,letters, spaces, and punctuation.)
SECTION 3. ACTIVITIES AND USES OF THE TOXIC CHEMICAL AT THE FACILITY
(Important: Check all that apply.)
3.1
3.2
3.3
Manufacture
the toxic
chemical:
Process
the toxic
chemical:
Otherwise use
the toxic
chemical:
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
If produce or import:
Produce c.
Import d.
e.
f.
As a reactant c.
As a formulation component d.
As a chemical processing aid c.
As a manufacturing aid
For on-site use/processinc
For sale/distribution
As a byproduct
As an impurity
As an article component
Repackaging
Ancillary or other use
SECTION 4. MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF THE TOXIC CHEMICAL ON-SITE AT ANY TIME
DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR
4.1
(Enter two-digit code from instruction package.)
:;;-:-!-;:;$;:::;:::::;::':%:::;v:::ri::v;!:;-::::::;;s:-::.::;;:::;::::;;::: v;£:v£-;r;'::;:::::;::: ;;>;:::::::,;:-:;;-v'.:;r;';::-'l'<:'<">-:-'
;:;X;X;:;:/v:v:;::X:X;:v.xXx:xV-:-:::-;-;->x:v*:* ;>>.';;;.:>.:<> •;:!';>>• :7>>*':*:-:':';::;:::::::-:':':-:;;";-::
EPA Form 93SO-1(Rev. 12/94) - Previous editions are obsolete.
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA FORM R
PART II. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC
INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Page 4 of 9
TRl FACILITY ID NUMBER
Toxic Chamteal, Category, or Generic Name
SECTION 5. RELEASES OF THE TOXIC CHEMICAL TO THE ENVIRONMENT ON-SITE
.1
2
3
5.3.1
Fugitive or non-point air
emissions
Stack or point air
emissions
NA
NA
Discharges to receiving
streams or water bodies
(enter one name per box)
Stream or Water Body Name
5.3.2 Stream or Water Body Name
5.3.3 Stream or Water Body Name
.4
.5
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.5.3
5.5.4
Underground injections
on-site
Releases to land on-site
Landfill
Land treatment/
application farming
Surface impoundment
Other disposal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A. Total Release (pounds/
year) (enter range code from
instructions or estimate)
B. Basis of
Estimate
(enter code)
C. % From
Stormwater
v/v,v/v/vv.
^V/VV/V/VV.
*,SSN\\\\\\S
SSSSSSffSS-
S SSSSfSSSSSJJSSSSftfSSSSSSSSSSSSfS.
S *#***.\N\'S.NNNS.\\\\SS\NS.\\SXS.
S SSfSSSSSSSSffSSffSS/SfSSS/S//****,
S.NN.SNSS.S'S.SSNNSSS'S.S
ssssssssss
^NNXS"S.\NSS\
ffSfffttff.
WvWW/W.
>wSS\\N\\SS\
sNVXSXSSSSS
vW\WVs'>.''A
V/VVVWVvV
VVvVVvVVvV'
vvvvvv'vvvv'
V/VVWW^V
w^x/wvwv.
Check here only if additional Section 5.3 information is provided on page 5 of this form.
'A Form i350-1 (Rev. 12/94) - Previous editions are obsolete.
Range Codes: A = 1 -10 pounds; B = 11 - 499 pounds; C = 500 - 999 pounds.
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA FORM R
PART II. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC
INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Page 5 of 9
TRI FACILITY ID NUMBER
Toxic Chemical, Category, or Qanerlo Name
SECTION 5.3 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON RELEASES OF THE TOXIC CHEMICAL TO THE
ENVIRONMENT ON-SITE
5.3
Discharges to receiving
streams or water bodies
(enter one name per box)
A. Total Release (pounds/
year) (enter range code from
instructions or estimate)
B. Basis of
Estimate
(enter code)
C. % From
Stormwater
5.3. Stream or Water Body Name
5.3, Stream or Water Body Name
5.3. Stream or Water Body Name
SECTION 6. TRANSFERS OF THE TOXIC CHEMICAL IN WASTES TO OFF-SITE LOCATIONS
6.1 DISCHARGES TO PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTW)
6.1 .A Total Quantity Transferred to POTWs and Basis of Estimate
6.1 .A.1 Total Transfers (pounds/year)
(enter range code or estimate)
6.1.A.2 Basis of Estimate
(enter code)
6.1.B POTW Name and Location Information
6.1.B._
POTW Name
6.1 .B.
POTW Name
Street Address
Street Address
cJiTT
County
City
County
Slate
Zip Code
State
Zip Code
If additional pages of Part II, Sections 5.3 and/or 6.1 are attached, indicate the total number of
pages in this box and indicate which Part II, Sections 5.3/6.1 page this is, here.
(example: 1, 2,3, etc.)
EPA Form 9350-1 (Rev, 12/94) - Previous editions are obsolete.
Range Codes: A = 1 -10 pounds; B = 11 - 499 pounds; C = 500 - 999 pounc
-------
Page 6 of 9
EPA FORM R
nslales,P,, , n PART II. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC
INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
TRI FACILITY ID NUMBER
Toxic Chemical, Category, or Generic Name
SECTION 6.2 TRANSFERS TO OTHER OFF-SITE LOCATIONS
6.2—
Off-site EPA Identification Number (RCRA ID No.)|
Off-Site Location Name |
Street Address
City
County
State
Zip Code
Is location under control of reporting
facility or parent company?
Yes
No
A. Total Transfers (pounds/year)
(enter range code or estimate)
B. Basis of Estimate
(enter code)
C. Type of Waste Treatment/Disposal/
Recycling/Energy Recovery (enter code)
1.
1.
1. M
2.
2.
2. M
3.
3.
3. M
4.
4. M
SECTION 6.2 TRANSFERS TO OTHER OFF-SITE LOCATIONS
3.2..
Off-site EPA Identification Number (RCRA ID No.)|
Off-Site Location Name
Street Address
City
County
state
Zip Code
Is location under control of reporting
facility or parent company?
Yes
No
A. Total Transfers (pounds/year)
(enter range code or estimate)
B, Basis of Estimate
(enter code)
C. Type of Waste Treatment/Disposal/
Recycling/Energy Recovery (enter code)
1.
1.
1. M_
2.
2. M
3.
3. M
\.
4. M
If additional pages of Part II, Section 6.2 are attached, indicate the total number of pages in this
box I 1 and indicate which Part II, Section 6.2 page this is, here. [ | (example: 1,2,3, etc.)
Raw. 19/*U1 - Previous editions are obsolete. Ranoe Codes: A=1 -10 pounds; B = 11 - 499 pounds; C = 500 - 999 pound
box
PA Form 9350-1 (Rev, 12/94) - Previous editions are obsolete.
-------
Page 7 of S
WEPA EPA FORM R
Protection PART II. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC
Agency INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
TB( FACILITY ID NUM86B
Toxic Chemical, Category, or Generic Name
SECTION 7A. ON-SITE WASTE TREATMENT METHODS AND EFFICIENCY
n
Not Applicable (NA) - Check here if no on-site waste treatment is applied to any
waste stream containing the toxic chemical or chemical category,
a. Genera!
Waste Stream
(enter code)
7A.1a
7A.2a
7A.3a
7A.4a
7A.5a
b. Waste Treatment Method(s) Sequence
[enter 3-character code(s)]
7A.1b
3
6
7A.2b
3
6
7A.3b
3
6
7A.4b
3
6
7A.5b
3
6
1
4
7
1
4
7
1
4
7
1
4
7
1
4
7
2
5
8
2
5
8
2
5
8
2
5
8
2
5
8
c. Range of Influent
Concentration
7A.1c
7A.2c
7A.3C
7A.4C
7A.5c
d. Waste
Treatment
Efficiency
Estimate
7A.1d
%
7A.2d
%
7A.3d
%
7A.4d
%
7A.5d
%
e. Based on
•Operating Data?
7A.
Yes
7A
Yes
7A
Yes
1e
No
,2e
No
.3e
No
7A.4e
Yes
7A
Yes
No
.5e
No
If add
box
itional copies of page 7 are attached, indicate the total number of pages in this
and indicate which page 7 this is, here.
(example: 1 , 2, 3, etc.)
EPA Form 9350-1 (Rev. 12/94) - Previous editions are obsolete.
-------
EPA FORM R
PARTH. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC
Agency INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Page 8 of 9
TO! FACILITY ID NUMBER
Toxic Chemical, Category, or Generic Name
SECTION 7B. ON-SITE ENERGY RECOVERY PROCESSES
f~| Not Applicable (NA) - Check here if no on-site energy recovery is applied to any waste
stream containing the toxic chemical or chemical category.
Energy Recovery Methods [enter 3-character code(s)]
SECTION 7C. ON-SITE RECYCLING PROCESSES
Not Applicable (NA) - Check here if no on-site recycling is applied to any waste
stream containing the toxic chemical or chemical category.
Recycling Methods [enter 3-character code(s)]
Form 9350-1 (Rev. 12/94) - Previous editions are obsolete.
-------
Page 9 of 9
wEPA
United Stales
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA FORM R
PART II. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC
INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
TRt FACILITY ID NUMBER
Chemical, Category, or Generic Nams
SECTION 8. SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING ACTIVITIES
All quantity estimates can be reported
using up to two significant figures.
Column A
Prior Year
(pounds/year)
Column B
Current
Reporting Year
(pounds/year)
Column C
Following Year
(pounds/year)
Column D
Second
Following Year
(pounds/year)
8.1
Quantity released
8.2
Quantity used for energy
recovery on-site
8.3
Quantity used for energy
recovery off-site
8.4
Quantity recycled on-site
8.5
Quantity recycled off-site
8.6
Quantity treated on-site
8.7
Quantity treated off-site
8.8
Quantity released to the environment as a result of
remedial actions, catastrophic events, or one-time events
not associated with production processes (pounds/year)
8.9
Production ratio or activity index
8.10
Did your facility engage in any source reduction activities for this chemical during
the reporting year? If not, enter "NA" in Section 8.10.1 and answer Section 8.11.
Source Reduction Activities
[enter code(s)]
Methods to Identify Activity (enter codes)
8.10.1
b.
c.
8.10.2
a.
b.
c.
8.10.3
a.
b.
c.
8.10.4
a.
b.
8.11
Is additional optional information on source reduction, recycling, or
pollution control activities included with this report? (Check one box)
YES NO
* Report releases pursuant to EPCRA Section 329(8) including "any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging
Injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing into the environment." Do not Include any quantity treated on-site or off-site.
EPA Form 9350 -1 (Rev. 12/94) - Previous editions are obsolete.
-------
APPENDIX G
EPA REGIONAL OFFICE
AND STATE TRI CONTACTS
EPA REGIONAL
SECTION 313 COORDINATORS
USEPA Region I
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Dwight Peavey (SPT)
Assistance and Pollution Prevention Office
One Congress St.
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-3230
Fax (617) 565-1141
USEPA Region II
New Jersey, New York,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Nora Lopez (MS-105)
Pesticides and Toxics Branch
2890 Woodbridge Ave., Bldg. 10
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
(908) 906-6890
Fax (908) 321-6788
USEPA Region III
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
BillReilly(3AT31)
Industrial Domain Section
841 Chestnut Street Bldg.
Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215) 566-2072
Fax (215) 566-2101
USEPA Region IV
Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee
Ezequiel Velez
EPCRA Unit B
345 Courtland St. NE
Atlanta, GA 30365
(404) 347-3555, Ext. 6984
Fax (404) 347-1681
G-1
-------
Appendix G—EPA Regional and State Contacts
l
USEPA Region V
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota,
Ohio, Wisconsin
Thelma Codina (DRT-14J)
Pesticides and Toxics Branch
77 W.Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, EL 60604
(312)886-6219
Fax (312) 353-4342
USEPA Region VI
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Texas
Warren Layne (6PDT)
Toxics Section
1445 Ross Ave., Suite 1200
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
(214) 665-8013
Fax (214) 665-7263
USEPA Region VII
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
Jim Hirtz (ARTD/TSPP)
Toxic Substances Prevention and
Planning Branch
726 Minnesota Ave.
Kansas City, KS 66101
(913)551-7020
Fax (913) 551-7065
USEPA Region VIII
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Bruce Cooper (8P2-TX)
Office of Pollution Prevention,
State and Tribal Assistance
Toxics Program
999 18th St., Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202
(303)312-6028
Fax (303) 312-6044
USEPA Region IX
Arizona, California, Hawaii,
Nevada, American Samoa, Guam,
Northern Marianas
Charles Berrey (A-4-4)
Toxics Management Section
75 Hawthorne St.
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415)744-1117
Fax (415) 744-1073
USEPA Region X
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
Christina Colt (WCM-128)
Office of Waste and Chemicals Management
Solid Waste & Toxics Unit
1200 Sixth Ave.
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 553-4016
Fax (206) 553-8509
G-2
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Appendix G — EPA Regional and State Contacts
I
STATE TRI PUBLIC CONTACTS
Alabama
Ed Poolos
Alabama Emergency Response Commission
Alabama Department of Environmental
Management
P.O. Box 301463
Montgomery, AL 36130-1463
(334)260-2717
Fax (334) 272-8131
Alaska
Camille Stephens
Department of Environmental Conservation
Government Preparedness and Response
Program
410 Willoughby Ave., Suite 105
Juneau, AK 99801-1795
(907) 465-5220
Fax (907) 465-5244
American Samoa
Togipa Tausaga, Director
American Samoa Environmental Protection
Agency
c/o Pat Young (E-4)
U.S. EPA Region DC
75 Hawthorne St.
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415)744-1601
Fax (415) 744-1604
Arizona
Daniel Roe, Executive Director
Arizona Emergency Response Commission
5636 East McDowell Rd.
Phoenix, AZ 85008
(602)231-6346
Fax (602) 231-6313
Arkansas
John Ward
Arkansas Department of Pollution Control
and Ecology
8001 National Dr.
Little Rock, AR 72209
(501) 682-0913
Fax (501) 682-0798
California
Steve Hanna
Office of Environmental Information
Management
Department of Toxic Substances Control
400 P St.
P.O. Box 806
Sacramento, CA 95812-0806
(916) 324-9924
Fax (916) 322-6005
Colorado
Tamara Van Horn
Colorado Emergency Planning Commission
Colorado Department of Public Health and
Environment
4300 Cherry Creek Dr. South
Denver, CO 80222-1530
(303) 692-3017
Fax (303) 759-5355
Connecticut
Joseph Pulaski
SERC Administrator
Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Waste Management
79 Elm St.
Hartford, CT 06106-5127
(203) 424-3373
Fax (203) 566-5255
G-3
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TM
Appendix G—EPA Regional and State Contacts
i
Delaware
David Fees
Division of Air and Waste Management
Department of Natural Resources and
Environmental Control
89 Kings Hwy.
P.O. Box 1401
Dover, DB 19903
(302)739-4791
Fax (302) 739-3106
District of Columbia
Jacqueline Love
SARA Title HI
Office of Emergency Preparedness
Frank Reeves Center for Municipal Affairs
2000 14th St., Northwest, 8th Floor
Washington, DC 20009
(202) 673-2101, Ext. 3151
Fax (202) 673-7054
Florida
Sam Bracket!
Florida Emergency Response Commission
Secretary, Florida Department of
Community Affairs
2740 Centerview Dr.
Tallahassee, FL 32399-2100
(904) 413-9970
(800) 635-7179 (in Florida)
Fax (904) 488-1739
After July 1,1996:
2555 Shumard Oak Blvd.
Tallahassee, FL 33399-2100
Georgia
Kirby S. Olson, Ph.D.
Environmental Protection Division
Department of Natural Resources
7 Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr., Rm. 139
Atlanta, GA 30334
(404) 656-6905
Fax (404) 657-7893
Guam
Joseph Cruz
Guam Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 22439-GMF
Barrigada, Guam 96911
International Number (671) 472-8863
Fax7671)477-9402
Hawaii
Marsha Mealey
Hawaii State Emergency Response
Commission
Hawaii Department of Health
919 Ala Moana Blvd.
3rd Floor, Room 206
Honolulu, HI 96814
(808) 586-4249
Fax (808) 586-7537
Idaho
Lezlie Aller
Gowen Field
Idaho Emergency Response Commission
P.O. Box 83720
Boise, ID 83720-3401
(208) 334-3263
Fax (208) 334-3267
G-4
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Appendix G — EPA Regional and State Contacts
Illinois
Joe Goodner
Office of Chemical Safety
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
2200 Churchill Rd.
P.O. Box 19276
Springfield, IL 62794-9276
(217)785-0830
Fax (217) 782-1431
Indiana
Paula Smith
Indiana Department of Environmental
Management
Office of Pollution Prevention
and Technical Assistance
Indiana Government Center North
100 N. Senate Ave.
P. O. Box 6015
Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015
(317)232-8172
Fax (317) 233-5627
Iowa
Pete Hamlin
Department of Natural Resources
Wallace Office Bldg.
900 East Grand Ave.
DesMoines, IA50319
(515)281-8852
Fax (515) 281-8895
Kansas
Jon Flint
Kansas Emergency Response Commission
Forbes Field Bldg. 283
Topeka, KS 66620
(913)296-1690
Fax (913) 296-1545
Kentucky
Alex Barber
Kentucky Department for Environmental
Protection
14 Reilly Rd.
Frankfort, KY 40601-1132
(502) 564-2150
Fax (502) 564-4245
Louisiana
Linda Brown
Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 82263
Baton Rouge, LA 70884-2263
(504) 765-0737
Fax (504) 765-0742
Maine
Rayna Leibowitz
State Emergency Response Commission
72 State House Station
Augusta, ME 04333-0072
(207) 287-4080
Fax (207) 287-4079
Maryland
Patricia Williams
SARA Title HI Reporting
Maryland Department of the Environment
Technical and Regulatory Services
Administration
Business and Community Assistance Program
25^) Broening Hwy.
Baltimore, MD 21224
(410)631-3800
Fax (410) 631-3321
G-5
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Appendix G—EPA Regional and State Contacts
Massachusetts
William Panos
Massachusetts Department of Environmental
Protection
Bureau of Waste Prevention
Toxics Use Reduction Program
1 Winter St.
Boston, MA 02108
(617) 574-6820
Fax (617) 556-1090
Michigan
Robert Jackson
State Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Coordinator
Michigan Department of Environmental
Quality
Environmental Assistance Division
P.O. Box 30457
Lansing, MI 48909
(517)373-8481
Fax (517) 335-3624
Minnesota
John Chikkala
Minnesota Emergency Response Commission
B5 State Capitol Bldg.
75 Constitution Ave.
St. Paul, MN 55155
(612) 282-5396
Fax (612) 296-0459
Mississippi
John David Burns
Mississippi Emergency Response Commission
Mississippi Emergency Management Agency
P.O. Box 4501
Jackson, MS 39296-4501
(601) 960-9000
Fax (601) 352-8314
Missouri
Eugene Nickel
Technical Assistance Program
Department of Natural Resources
P.O. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
(573) 526-6627
Fax (573) 526-3350
Montana
Tom Ellerhoff
Montana Emergency Response Commission
DEQ
Metcalf Bldg., Room 1520
East 6th Ave.
Helena, MT 59620
(406) 444-2544
Fax (406) 444-4386
Navajo Nation
Harrilene Begay
Multimedia Program
Navajo Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 339
Window Rock, AZ 86515
(520)871-7692
Fax (520) 871-7818
Nebraska
Dale Busch
State of Nebraska Department of
Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 98922
Lincoln, NE 68509-8922
(402) 471-4230
Fax (402) 471-2909
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Appendix G — EPA Regional and State Contacts
Nevada
Alene Coulson
Nevada Division of Environmental Protection
333 West Nye Ln.
Capitol Complex
Carson City, NV 89710
(702) 687-4670, Ext. 3006
Fax (702) 687-6396
New Hampshire
Leland Kimball
New Hampshire Office of Emergency
Management
Title HI Program
State Office Park South
107 Pleasant St.
Concord, NH 03301
(603)271-2231
Fax (603) 225-7341
New Jersey
Andrew Opperman
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Environmental Safety, Health and
Analytical Programs
SARA Title IE Section 313
Bureau of Chemical Release Information &
Prevention
401 East St. Street, CN-405
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609) 984-3219
Fax (609) 633-7031
New Mexico
Max Johnson
New Mexico Emergency Response
Commission
Technological Hazard Bureau
Emergency Management
P.O. Box 1628
Santa Fe, NM 87504-1628
(505) 827-9223
Fax (505) 827-3456
New York
William Miner
New York Emergency Response Commission
State Department of Environmental
Conservation
Bureau of Spill Management
50 Wolf Rd., Room 340
Albany, NY 12233-3510
(518)457-4107
Fax (518) 457-4332
North Carolina
Emily Kilpatrick
North Carolina Emergency Response
Commission
North Carolina Division of Emergency
Management
116 West Jones St.
Raleigh, NC 27603-1335
(919)733-3865
Fax (919) 715-7437 or 733-5336
North Dakota
Robert W. Johnston
North Dakota State Division of Emergency
Management
P.O. Box 5511
Bismarck, ND 58502-5511
(701)328-2111
Fax (701) 328-2119
Northern Marianas
John Castro, Director
Division of Environmental Quality
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands
c/o Jim Branch (E-4)
U.S. EPA Region IX
75 Hawthorne St.
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415)744-1601
Fax (415) 744-1604
G-7
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3
Appendix G — EPA Regional and State Contacts
Ohio
Cindy DeWulf
Division of Air Pollution Control
P. O. Box 1049
Columbus, OH 43216-1049
(614) 644-3606
Fax (614) 644-3681
Oklahoma
Monty Elder
Department of Environmental Quality
Risk Communication
1000 Northeast Tenth St.
Oklahoma City, OK 73117-1212
(405) 271-8062
Fax (405) 271-1152
Oregon
Bob Albers, Manager
Hazardous Materials Section
Oregon Emergency Response Commission
State Fire Marshall
4760 Portland Rd., Northeast
Salem, OR 97305-1760
(503) 378-3473, Ext. 231
Fax (503) 373-1825
Pennsylvania
James Tinney, Director
Bureau of Worker and Community Right-to-
Know
Room 1503, Labor and Industry Bldg.
7th and Forster Sts.
Harrisburg,PA17120
(717)783-2071
Fax (717) 783-5099
Puerto Rico
Genaro Torres
Director of Superfund and Emergencies
Title IE-SARA Section 313
Environmental Quality Board
Fernandez Junco Station
P.O. Box 11488
Santurce,PR00910
(809) 766-8056
Fax (809) 766-2483
Rhode Island
Martha Delaney Mulcahey
Department of Environmental Management
Division of Air Resources
Attention; Toxics Release Inventory
291 Promenade St.
Providence, RI02908-5767
(401) 277-2808, Ext. 7032
Fax (401) 277-2017
South Carolina
Michael Juras
South Carolina SERC - EPCRA
Reporting Point
Department of Health and Environmental
Control
2600 Bull St.
Columbia, SC 29201
(803) 896-4117
Fax (803) 896-4002
South Dakota
Lee Ann Smith
South Dakota Emergency Response
Commission
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources
Joe Foss Bldg.
523 East Capitol
Pierre, SD 57501-3181
(605) 773-3296
Fax (605) 773-6035
G-8
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Appendix G — EPA Regional and State Contacts
Tennessee
Betty Eaves
Tennessee Emergency Response Council
Tennessee Emergency Management Agency
3041 SidcoDr.
Nashville, TN 37204
(615)741-2986
Fax (615) 242-9635
Texas
Becky Kurka, Supervisor
Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling
Natural Resources Conservation Commission
P.O.Box 13087 (MCI 12)
Austin, TX 78711-3087
(512)239-3100
Fax (512) 239-3165
Utah
John Jones
Utah Hazardous Chemical Emergency
Response Commission
Utah Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Environmental Response and
Remediation
P.O. Box 144840
Salt Lake City, UT 84116
(801) 536-4100
Fax (801) 536-4113
Vermont
Gary Gulka
Environmental Assistance Division
103 South Main St.
Waterbury, VT 05671-0411
(802) 241-3626
Fax:(802) 241-3273
Virgin Islands
Austin Moorehead
Department of Planning and Natural Resources
Emergency Response Commission
Wheatly Shopping Center II
St. Thomas, VI00802
(809) 773-0565 (St. Croix)
(809) 773-9310 (St. Croix Fax)
(809) 774-4577 (St. Thomas)
(809) 693-0114 (St. Thomas Fax)
Virginia
Cathy Harris
Virginia Emergency Response Council
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
9th Floor
P.O. Box 10009
Richmond, VA 23240-0009
(804) 698-4489
Fax (804) 698-4346
Washington
Idell Hansen
Department of Ecology
Community Right-to-Know Unit
P.O. Box 47659
Olympia, WA 98504-7659
(206) 407-6727
Fax (206) 407-6715
West Virginia
Carl L. Bradford
West Virginia Emergency Response
Commission
West Virginia Office of Emergency Services
Main Capitol Bldg. 1, Room EB-80
Charleston, WV 25305-0360
(304) 558-5380
Fax (304) 344-4538
G-9
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Appendix G—EPA Regional and State Contacts
Wisconsin
Russ Dunst
Department of Natural Resources
101 South Webster
P.O. Box 7921
Madison, WI53707
(608) 266-9255
Fax (608) 267-5231
Wyoming
Mike Davis
Hazardous Materials Planner
Wyoming Emergency Response Commission
Wyoming Emergency Management Agency
5500 Bishop Blvd.
Cheyenne, WY 82009-3302
(307) 777-7197
Fax (307) 638-7670
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