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How Can I Learn More about TRI?
1993 PUBLIC DATA RELEASE REPORTS
This booklet summarizes the 1993 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI)
data. More detailed information appears in the 7993 Toxics
Release Inventory Public Data Release and 7993 Toxics Release
Inventory Public Data Release State Fact Sheets. These
documents can be obtained from EPA using the order form on
the inside back cover of this booklet.
EPCRA HOTLINE
EPA operates a toll-free Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act (EPCRA) Hotline to provide information to the public and to
the reporting community about TRI and other aspects of EPCRA. The
EPCRA Hotline can answer your questions about TRI and help you obtain
TRI-related publications. Call 1-800-535-0202; Monday - Friday,
8:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Eastern Time.
STATE AND EPA REGIONAL TRI CONTACTS
Each of the 10 EPA regional offices has a TRI coordinator who
can help you find out more about TRI programs in your state and
region. Each state has also designated a TRI contact. These
state and EPA regional TRI contacts are listed at the back of this
booklet.
DATABASE ACCESS
The complete TRI database is available to the public in a variety of electronic
formats. On-line access is available through the National Library of Medicine's
TOXNET system and through the Right-to-Know Network (RTK NET), an on-
line environmental network. TRI data are also available on CD-ROM, diskette,
and magnetic tape. Data tables and text files from the public data release documents
are accessible on the Internet.
EPA operates a TRI User Support Service to help the public obtain, use, and
understand the TRI data. Specialists are available to answer questions and provide
data search assistance. Call 202-260-1531; Monday - Friday, 8:00 a.m. to
4:30 p.m. Eastern Time.
CoverPhotoOSAM KITTNER PHOTOGRAPHER
O Primed on Recycled Paper
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1993 Toxics Release Inventory
Public Data Release
Executive Summary
ii mini in
I
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (7408)
Washington, DC 20460
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1993 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION:
WHAT IS THE TOXICS RELEASE
INVENTORY?
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a
database which provides information to the
public about releases of toxic chemicals from
manufacturing facilities into the environment.
TRI was established under the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of
1986 and expanded under the Pollution
Prevention Act of 1990. Facilities report their
TRI information annually to EPA and to the
state in which they are located.
Who Must Report to TRI?
A facility must report to TRI if it:
Conducts manufacturing operations
within Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) codes 20 through 39 (see Box E-5);
Has 10 or more full-time employees; and
Manufactures or processes more than
25,000 pounds or uses more than 10,000
pounds of any listed chemical during the
calendar year.
What Must Be Reported?
Information reported by facilities includes:
Amounts of each listed chemical released
to the environment at the facility;
Amounts of each chemical shipped from
the facility to other locations for
recycling, energy recovery, treatment, or
disposal;
Amounts of each chemical recycled,
burned for energy recovery, or treated at
the facility;
Maximum amount of the chemical
present on-site at the facility during the
year;
Types of activities conducted at the
facility involving the toxic chemical;
Source reduction activities undertaken to
prevent pollution and waste generation;
Environmental permits held by the
facility;
Name and telephone number of a person
to contact at the facility for more
information.
Box E-1.
Box E-2.
ES-1
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Executive Summary
An Explanation of Releases
Releases. A release is an on-site discharge of a toxic chemical to the environment. This includes emissions to
the air, discharges to bodies of water, releases at the facility to land, as well as contained disposal into
underground injection wells.
Air Releases. Releases to air are reported either as stack or fugitive emissions. Stack emissions are releases to
air that occur through confined air streams, such as stacks, vents, ducts, or pipes. Fugitive emissions are all
releases to air that are not released through a confined air stream. Fugitive emissions include equipment leaks,
evaporative losses from surface impoundments and spills, and releases from building ventilation systems.
Surface Water Releases. Releases to water include discharges to streams, rivers, lakes, oceans, and other bodies
of water. This includes releases from contained sources, such as industrial process outflow pipes or open
trenches. Releases due to runoff, including stormwater runoff, are also reportable to TRI.
Underground Injection. Underground injection is a contained release of a fluid into a subsurface well for the
purpose of waste disposal. Most underground injection reported to TRI involves injection of waste into Class I
or Class V wells. Class I wells are used to inject liquid hazardous wastes or industrial and municipal waste-
waters beneath the lowermost underground source of drinking water. Class V wells are generally used to inject
non-hazardous fluid into or above an underground source of drinking water. Currently, TRI reporting does not
distinguish between these two types of wells, although there are important differences in environmental impact.
Land Releases. Releases to land occur within the boundaries of the reporting facility. Releases to land include
disposal of toxic chemicals in landfills (in which wastes are buried), land treatment/application farming (in
which a waste containing a listed chemical is applied to or incorporated into soil), surface impoundments (which
are uncovered holding areas used to volatilize and/or settle waste materials), and other land disposal methods
(such as spills, leaks, or waste piles).
Box E-3.
CHAPTER 1:
1993 TRI RELEASES AND
TRANSFERS
For 1993, TRI reporting was required for 316
chemicals and 20 chemical categories. Facili-
ties file a separate reporting form, called a
"Form R," for each chemical they manufacture,
process, or use in excess of reporting thresholds.
Facilities report the amount of each listed
chemical they release to the air, water, and land,
as well as the amount they inject into under-
ground disposal wells. Box E-3 explains these
release types.
TRI data alone cannot indicate the risk that
chemical releases pose to human health and the
environment. Though the TRI data are useful as
a starting point in identifying potential risks,
other information is required to evaluate the risk
in a particular area. A determination of risk
depends on many factors, including: the
toxicity of the chemical, the extent of exposure,
the type of release, and the conditions of the
environment. For example, small releases of
highly toxic chemicals may present a greater
risk than large releases of less toxic chemicals.
Direct releases, such as air emissions, may pose
a greater threat to human health and the environ-
ment than more contained releases, such as
underground injection.
ES-2
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Executive Summary
Air
1,672 million
pounds
Underground
Injection
576 million
pounds
On-site Releases
1993
Surface Water
271 million
pounds
Land
289 million
pounds
Figure E-1.
On-Site Releases
More than 23,000 facilities filed nearly 80,000
Form Rs for 1993. These facilities released
more than 2.8 billion pounds of listed toxic
chemicals into the nation's environment in
1993. Figure E-1 shows the quantity of listed
chemicals released to the air, water, and land
and injected underground.
Figure E-2 shows the distribution of toxic
chemical releases by type of release. Air
emissions constituted nearly 60% of all toxic
chemical releases in 1993. Surface water
releases, which include releases to rivers, lakes,
oceans, and other bodies of water, accounted for
nearly 10% of all releases. Releases to land,
which include landfills, surface impoundments,
and other types of land disposal, accounted for
about 10% of all releases.
Distribution of Releases
1993
Underground
Injection
20.5%
Surface
Water
9.7%
Land
10.3%
Figure E-2.
ES-3
-------
Executive Summary
An Explanation of Off-site Transfers
Off-site Transfers. An off-site transfer is a shipment of toxic chemicals in waste to a facility that is
geographically or physically separate from the facility reporting under TRI. Off-site transfers represent a
movement of the chemical away from the reporting facility.
Transfers to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs). A POTW is a wastewater treatment facility (sewage
treatment plant) that is owned by a state or municipality. Wastewaters are transferred through pipes or sewers to
a POTW. Treatment or removal of a chemical from the wastewater depends upon the nature of the chemical, as
well as the treatment methods used by the POTW. Not all TRI chemicals can be treated or removed by a
POTW, Some chemicals are destroyed in treatment. Others may evaporate into the atmosphere. Some
chemicals, such as metals, are removed but are not destroyed by treatment and may be disposed of in landfills.
Some chemicals pass through the POTW and are discharged to receiving waters.
Transfers Off-site for Recycling. Toxic chemicals sent off-site for recycling may be recovered or regenerated
by a variety of methods, including solvent recovery, metals recovery, and acid regeneration. Once recycled,
these chemicals may be returned to the originating facility or sold for further processing or use.
Transfers Off-site for Energy Recovery. Toxic chemicals sent off-site for energy recovery are combusted off-
site in industrial furnaces (including kilns) or boilers that generate heat or energy for use at that off-site location.
Treatment of a chemical by incineration is not considered to be energy recovery.
Transfers Off-site for Treatment. Toxic chemicals sent off-site may be treated through a variety of methods,
including biological treatment, neutralization, incineration, and physical separation. These methods result in
varying degrees of destruction of the toxic chemical. In some cases (such as stabilization or solidification), the
chemical is not destroyed but is prepared for further waste management, such as contained disposal.
Transfers Off-site for Disposal. Toxic chemicals sent off-site to a facility for disposal generally are either
released to land or injected underground (see Box E-3 above) at the off-site location.
Other Off-site Transfers. In this report, "other off-site transfers" means transfers that were reported without an
appropriate waste management activity code and therefore could not be assigned to a transfer category.
Box E-4.
Off-site Transfers
Facilities also must report the amounts of each
listed chemical they ship to other locations for
recycling, energy recovery, treatment, or
disposal. Except for off-site transfers for
disposal, these quantities do not necessarily
represent entry of the chemical into the
environment. Box E-4 explains each transfer
type-
Transfers for treatment and disposal have been
reported since 1987. Transfers for recycling and
energy recovery have been reported since 1991.
In addition to quantities transferred, facilities
also must provide the name and location of the
site which will receive the shipment.
ES-4
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Executive Summary
Off-site Transfers
1993
POTWs
314 million
pounds
Recycling
3,252 million
pounds
Treatment
328 million
pounds
Energy
Recovery
487 million
pounds
Disposal
325 million
pounds
Figure E-3.Q
In 1993, facilities transferred more than 4.7
billion pounds of toxic chemicals in waste to
off-site locations for recycling, energy recovery,
treatment, and disposal. Figure E-3 shows the
quantity of toxic chemicals transferred to off-
site locations for each type of waste manage-
ment activity.
Figure E-4 shows the distribution of transfers by
waste management activity. Transfers of toxic
chemicals to off-site locations for recycling
accounted for 69% of all transfers. Less than
7% of all transfers were sent to off-site locations
for disposal.
Distribution of Transfers
1993
POTWs
6.7%
disposal
6.9%
Treatment
7.0%
Energy
Recovery
10.3%
Recycling
69.1%
Figure E-4.0
Does not include "other" off-site transfers, i.e., those reported without valid waste management codes (2 million pounds).
ES-5
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Executive Summary
Top Five States for Largest Total TRI Releases, 1993
(Includes Underground Injection)
SjTennessee
188,307,643 Ibs.
JJ Louisiana
450,680,961 Ibs.
5J Mississippi
118,019,466 Ibs.
Figure E-5.
Top 10 States
Total Releases
100 200 300 400
Millions of Pounds
500
Figure E-6.
ES-6
Total Releases by State, 1993
(Includes Underground Injection)
Figures E-5 and E-6 show the states with the
largest quantities of reported toxic chemical
releases in 1993, including releases to air, water,
and land, as well as underground injection.
The total quantity of releases reported by these
states does not necessarily indicate that risks
from toxic chemicals are highest in these states.
Release totals do not take into account the
geographic size, of the state or the size of the
state's population. As discussed above, the risk
from releases of toxic chemicals depends on a
variety of factors, including the type of release,
the toxicity of the chemical, and the proximity
of populations to the releases. ,
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Executive Summary ,,
Top Five States for Largest TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land, 1993
(Excludes Underground Injection)
SjTennessee
125,982,803 Ibs.
1 I Louisiana
292,589,221 Ibs.
5 I Alabama
105,392,798 Ibs
Figure E-7.
Air/Water/Land Releases by State,
1993 (Excludes Underground Injection)
Figures E-7 and E-8 show the states with the
largest quantities of reported toxic chemical
releases in 1993, excluding underground
injection. This alternative ranking method is
presented because releases to properly designed
and constructed Class I injection wells have
much lower exposure potentials than other,
more direct forms of release.
Excluding underground injection from the
release totals does not change the rankings for
the top four states. However, Mississippi,
which is ranked fifth for total releases, drops to
14th if underground injection is excluded.
Top 10 States
Air/Water/Land
Releases
Mich.
100 200
Millions of Pounds
300
Figure E-8.
ES-7
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Executive Summary
Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) Codes
20 Food and kindred products
21 Tobacco products
22 Textile mill products
23 Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics
and similar materials
24 Lumber and wood products, except furniture
25 Furniture and fixtures
26 Paper and allied products
27 Printing, publishing, and allied industries
28 Chemicals and allied products
29 Petroleum refining and related industries
30 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
31 Leather and leather products
32 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products
33 Primary metal industries
34 Fabricated metal products, except machinery and
transportation equipment
Industrial and commercial machinery and computer
35
36
37
38
39
equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment and
components, except computer equipment
Transportation equipment
Measuring, analyzing, and controlling instruments;
photographic, medical and optical goods; watches
and clocks
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
BoxE-5,
Millions of Pounds
Top 10 Industries
Total Releases
(Includes Underground
I
a.
1 3 1 i 1 E 8
O OJ 2 m i? UJ
O ซ .2 L: OL
as 2 "ง
Releases and Transfers
by Industry, 1993
Only manufacturing facilities in SIC codes 20
through 39 were required to report to TRI for
1993. Box E-5 lists the industry groups
currently subject to TRI, along with their
corresponding SIC codes. Federal facilities will
be required to report to TRI beginning with the
1994 reporting year, and other industry groups
are currently under consideration for future
addition to the reporting requirements.
Figure E-9 presents the 10 industries with the
largest quantities of reported toxic chemical
releases, including underground injection, in
1993. The same industries comprise the top 10
for releases to air, water, and land (excluding
underground injection). Figure E-10 presents
the 10 industries with the largest total transfers
to off-site locations.
Millions of Pounds
1,200
1,000 -||;:-| |ซ
800-
600
400
200
Top 10 Industries
Transfers
Figure E-9.ฉ Figure E-10.
0 Multiple Codes: Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and
chemicals (28)].
ES-8
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Executive Summary
Top 10 Facilities for Largest Total TRI Releases, 1993
(Includes Underground Injection)
61 DuPont
New Johnsonville, TN
51,215,700 Ibs.
7 | Asarco Inc.
East Helena, MT
42,728,498 Ibs.
3 | Magnesium Corp.
of America
Rowley, UT
73,300,250 Ibs.
_งJ Couriaulds Fibers Inc
Axis,AL
42,658,865 Ibs.
Cytec Industries Inc
Westwego, LA
120,149,724 Ibs.
10 DuPont
Beaumont, TX
36,817,348 Ibs.
5 J DuPont
Pass Christian, MS
58,875,734 Ibs.
1 i IMC-Agrico Co.
Saint James, LA
127,912,967 Ibs.
4 I IMC-Agrico Co.
Uncle Sam, LA
B1,807,180 Ibs.
_?J Monsanto Co.
Alvin, TX
40,517,095 Ibs.
Figure E-11.
Figure E-11 shows the 10 facilities which
reported the largest quantities of TRI releases,
including underground injection, in 1993. The
label next to each facility on the map lists the
facility name, the city and state in which it is
located, and the total quantity of TRI releases in
1993.
All facilities must report the name of their
parent company, if applicable, on their Form Rs.
The parent company is the highest-level
company which owns or controls the reporting
facility. Table E-l lists the top ten parent
companies for total TRI releases, including
underground injection. Together, these 10
companies accounted for only 1.6% of all TRI
reporting facilities and 4.0% of all forms filed,
yet they accounted for 31.5% of total TRI
releases in 1993.
Top 10 Parent Companies
Total Releases
Company Name
Total
Facilities Releases
Number Pounds
DuPont
Freeport-McMoran Inc.
American Cyanamid
Renco Holdings Inc.
Asarco Inc.
Monsanto Co.
Eastman Kodak Co. i
BP America !
Courtaulds United States
General Motors Corp.
Subtotal
i
Total for All TRI Facilities
77
4
32
6
13
29
21
56
11
129
206,025,321
193,760,607
124,640,754
74,507,492
57,057,182
55,032,422
49,926,822
44,534,370
43,728,541
36,319,810
378 885,533,321
23,321 2,808,618,413
Table E-1.Q
American Cyanamid no longer exists, but was in existence during 1993. Many of the releases attributed to American Cyanamid
in 1993 will be associated with Cytec Industries in future years. ,
ES-9
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Executive Summary
Top 10 Facilities for Largest TRI Releases to Air, Water, and Land, 1993
(Excludes Underground Injection)
9lElkemMetalsCo.
Marietta, OH
18,604,572 Ibs.
6 \ Eastman Chemical Co.
Kingsport.TN
29,339,677 Ibs.
4 I Asarco Inc.
East Helena, MT
42,728,498 Ibs.
2 Uigncilum Corp.
' ol America
Rowtey.UT
73,300,250 Ibs.
5 Icourtaulds Fibers Ine
Axis,AL
42,658,865 Ibs.
8 I Lenzlng Hbers Corp.
Lowland, TN
22,272,515 Ibs.
lOI Phelps Dodge
Mining Co.
Playas.NM
14.773.759 fes.
3IIMC-AgricoCo.
Uncle Sam, LA
61,807.180 Ibs.
7 I Arcadian Fertilizer L.P.
Geismar, LA
22,672,961 Ibs.
JJlMC-AgrlcoCo.
Saint James, LA
127,912,967 Ibs.
Rgure E-12.
Top 10 Parent Companies
Air/Water/Land Releases
Company Name
Total Air/
Water/Land
Facilities Releases
Number Pounds
Frecport-McMoran Inc.
Rcnco Holdings Inc.
Asarco Inc.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Counaulds United States
General Motors Corp.
Arcadian Fertilizer L.P.
DuPont
3MCo.
Phelps Dodge Corp.
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Facilities
4
6
13
21
11
129
8
77
50
18
193,760,607
74,507,492
51,224,547
49,926,822
43,728,541
36,319,810
35,252,458
33,514,790
27,232,882
27,128,900
337 572,596,849
23,321 2,232,333,180
Table E-2.
Figure E-12 shows the 10 facilities which
reported the largest quantities of TRI releases to
air, water, and land, excluding underground
injection, in 1993. As discussed above, this
alternative ranking method is presented because
releases to properly designed and constructed
Class I injection wells have much lower
exposure potential than other, more direct,
forms of release.
Table E-2 lists the top 10 parent companies for
releases to air, water, and land, excluding
underground injection, in 1993. Together, these
10 companies accounted for only 1.4% of
reporting facilities and 3.7% of all forms, but
25.7% of releases to air, water, and land in
1993.
The following page shows the 10 chemicals
released in the greatest quantity for each release
type.
ES-10
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Executive
Top Chemicals by Release Media, 1993
Top 10 Chemicals
Air
Toluene
Methanol
Ammonia
Acetone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Carbon disulfide
Methyl ethyl ketone
Hydrochloric acid
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Pounds
177,301,671
172,292,981
138,057,165
125,152,462
111,189,613
93,307,339
84,814,923
79,073,655
75,410,108
64,313,211
1,120,913,128
1,672,127,735
Table E-3.
Top 10 Chemicals
Surface Water
Phosphoric acid
Ammonia
Sulfuric acid
Methanol
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Ethylene glycol
Zinc compounds
Acetone
Hydrochloric acid
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Pounds
175,861,627
35,938,643
27,542,946
10,011,681
7,386,387
3,872,980
1,170,533
1,046,444
990,315
719,541
264,541,097
271,152,864
Table E-4.
Top 10 Chemicals
Underground Injection
Ammonia
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Methanol
Nitric acid
Acetonitrile
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Ethylene glycol
Formaldehyde
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Table E-5.
Pounds
168,725,501
145,097,099
105,872,094
35,211,208
27,899,963
19,213,898
15,707,895
6,189,894
5,943,528
5,912,425
535,773,505
576,285,233
Top 10 Chemicals
Land
Pounds
Zinc compounds
Manganese compounds
Copper compounds
Phosphoric acid
Chromium compounds
Lead compounds
Zinc (fume or dust)
Ammonia j
Manganese
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Table E-6.
67,413,392
47,671,055
40,082,409
35,491,946
22,675,748
10,950,924
10,449,577
10,144,184
6,650,151
6,457,512
257,986,898
289,052,581
ES-11
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Executive Summary
Top 10 States
Carcinogen
Releases
(Air/Water/Land)
10 15
Millions of Pounds
Figure E-13.
Top 10 Industries
Carcinogen Releases
Carcinogen Releases to
Air/Water/Land, 1993
(Excludes Underground Injection)
For reporting purposes, TRI designates 118
chemicals as carcinogens based on criteria set
forth in the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration's Hazard Communication
Standards. Some of these chemicals, such as
benzene or asbestos, are known to cause cancer
in humans. Others are suspected to cause cancer
in humans because they have been shown to
cause cancer in laboratory animals.
Nearly 180 million pounds of TRI-listed
carcinogens were released to the air, water, and
land (excluding underground injection) in 1993.
Figures E-13 and E-14 show the 10 states and
10 industries with the largest quantities of
carcinogen releases to air, water, and land in
1993. Table E-7 lists the 10 TRI carcinogens
released in the largest quantities to air, water,
and land in 1993.
Carcinogens with Largest
Air/Water/Land Releases
Pounds
Dichloromethane
Styrene
Chloroform
Formaldehyde
Tetrachloroethylene
Benzene
Acetaldehyde
Lead
1,3-Butadiene
Nickel compounds
Subtotal
Total for All Carcinogens
64,454,387
32,776,445
14,292,980
12,207,744
11,570,197
.10,845,433
6,543,215
4,056,624
3,282,261
3,099,677
163,128,963
179,858,444
Table E-7.
Figure E-14.Q
O Multiple Codes: Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and
chemicals (28)].
ES-12
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1
Executive Summary ,,
CHAPTER 2:
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
OF TRI CHEMICALS IN WASTE
The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (PPA)
expanded TRI to require reporting about
quantities of TRI chemicals managed in waste
and about source reduction activities undertaken
to eliminate or reduce those quantities. Under
the PPA, source reduction is considered the
preferred approach to managing waste. Figure
E-15 illustrates a hierarchy for waste manage-
ment decision-making, with disposal of waste
the last resort.
Figure E-16 illustrates the quantities of TRI
chemicals undergoing each on-site and off-site
waste management activity (recycling, energy
recovery, treatment, and release/disposal). A
total of 33.5 billion pounds of TRI chemicals
was managed in waste in 1993.
DISPOSAL
Figure E-15.
Quantities of TRI Chemicals Managed in Waste, 1993
Treated Off-site
658 million pounds
(2.0%)
Released or Disposed of
3,206 million pounds
(9.6%)
Treated On-site
9,768 million pounds
(29.2%)
Energy Recovery Off-site
512 million pounds
(1.5%)
Energy Recovery On-site
2,838 million pounds
(8.5%)
Recycled On-site
13,191 million pounds
(39.4%)
Recycled Off-site
3,325 million pounds
(9.9%)
Figure E-16.
ES-13
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Executive Summary
Millions of Pounds
17,500
15,000 -
12,500 -
10,000
Top 10 Industries
Production-Related
Waste, 1993
Figure E-17 shows the top 10 industries for total
production-related waste in 1993. The chemical
industry reported more than 16 billion pounds of
TRI chemicals in production-related waste,
nearly half of the total quantity reported by all
industries and more than four times the amount
reported by the second-ranked industry.
Figure E-18 shows the actual quantities of TRI
chemicals reported for each waste management
activity for 1991 through 1993, and the
projected quantities for 1994 and 1995.
Although the total quantity of TRI chemicals in
production-related waste is increasing, some
movement up the waste management hierarchy
is seen in increased recycling and decreased
release or disposal.
The following page shows the 10 chemicals
undergoing each waste management activity in
the largest quantities.
Figure E-17.0
Quantities of TRI Chemicals Managed in Waste, Actual and Projected, 1991-1995
Millions of Pounds
1991
O1992
1993
D1994 Projected
01995 Projected
Recycling
Energy Recovery
Treatment
Release/
Disposal
Figure E-18.
0 Multiple Codes: Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and
chemicals (28)].
E&-14
-------
Executive Summary
Top Chemicals by Waste Management Activity, 1993
jfcA Top 10 Chemicals
/^^7 Recycling
v \^
Pounds
Sulfuric acid 7,137,133,908
Toluene 1,191,786,855
Copper 747,555,744
Lead compounds 649,807,005
Methanol 502,912,627
Ethylene 433,212,167
Copper compounds 390,397,586
Ethylene glycol 388,463,915
Zinc compounds 344,633,052
Lead 323,560,206
Subtotal 12,109,463,065
Total for All TRI Chemicals 16,515,920,583
Table E-8.
li^'jp^il Top 10 Chemicals
|rH 3| Treatment
Pounds
Sulfuric acid 3,000,122,562
Hydrochloric acid 1,949,374,303
Methanol 987,336,098
Ammonia 451,633,343
Ethylene 373,572,787
Phosphoric acid 306,416,497
Nitric acid 298,588,152
Chlorine 246,159,502
FreonllS 230,733,955
Propylene 216,423,796
Subtotal 8,060,360,995
Total for All TRI Chemicals 10,426,058,390
K&
^
8fi lib Top 10 Chemicals
Energy Recovery
Pounds
Propylene 491,329,899
Ethylene 419,022,752
Methanol 348,009,065
Toluene 341,738,331
Xylene (mixed isomeis) 259,727,488
Acetone 173,643,561
Mixtures and other trade names 171,436,688
Methyl ethyl ketone 146,085,339
Ammonia 86,567,296
tert-Butyl alcohol 67,079, 13 1
Subtotal 2,504,639,550
Total for All TRI Chemicals 3,350,119,881
Table E-9.
HiHH
|Bp Top 10 Chemicals
Release/Disposal
Pounds
Ammonia 396,799,112
Sulfuric acid , 254,999,222
Hydrochloric acid 241,034,754
Methanol 222,161,442
Phosphoric acid i 214,596,798
Toluene 181,399,292
Zinc compounds 135,266,664
Acetone 128,689,551
Xylene (mixed isomers) 1 1 1 ,7 1 0,327
Carbon disulfide 93,697,475
Subtotal 1,980,354,637
Total for All TRI Chemicals 3,206,362,816
Table E-10.
Table E-11.
ES-15
-------
Executive Summary
Source Reduction Activities, 1993
Facilities also must provide information about
source reduction activities they implemented
during the reporting year. Source reduction
activities reduce the amount of a toxic chemical
entering a waste stream and therefore prevent
pollution before it is generated. Waste
management activities such as recycling are not
considered source reduction because they
manage toxic chemicals after they enter waste
streams.
Thirty-five percent of all TRI facilities reported
at least one source reduction activity in 1993.
Table E-12 lists the categories of source reduc-
tion activities in order of reporting frequency.
Table E-13 lists the top 10 industries based on
the percentage of forms reporting source reduc-
tion. Table E-14 lists the 10 chemicals for
which source reduction was reported the most
often.
Source Reduction Activity
Reporting
Category of
Activity
Number of
TRI Forms
Reporting
Good operating practices 9,576
Process modifications 7,074
Spill and leak prevention 5,601
Raw material modifications 3,838
Inventory control 2,449
Cleaning and degreasing 2,395
Surface preparation and finishing 2,317
Product modifications 1,698
Table E-12.
Source Reduction
Activity Reporting
TRI
Top Industries Forms
By Percentage of Forms Number
Mcasure/Photo. 991
Furniture 1,848
Printing 631
Leather 367
Miscellaneous 955
Multiple Codes 20-39Q 5,914
Transportation Equip. 4,908
Electrical 4,283
Plastics 4,293
Lumber 1,931
Subtotal 26,121
Total for AH Industries 79,987
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
Number Percent
379 38.2
680 36.8
200 31.7
116 31.6
297 31.1
1,683 28.5
1,383 28.2
1,183 27.6
1,174 27.3
500 25.9
7,595 29.1
19,732 24.7
Table E-13.
Source Reduction
Activity Reporting Jorms R,epjorting
* r a Source Reduction
TRI Activities
Top Chemicals
By Number of Forms
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Sulfuric acid
Methyl ethyl ketone
Acetone
Methanol
Ammonia
Glycol ethers
Hydrochloric acid
Subtotal
Total for AH TRI Chemicals
Forms
Number
3,569
3,371
2,073
5,640
2,418
2,511
2,424
3,096
2,162
3,279
30,543
79,987
Number
1,376
1,220
1,154
944
904
852
618
618
591
567
8,844
19,732
Percent
38.6
36.2
55.7
16.7
37.4
33.9
25.5
20.0
27.3
17.3
29.0
24.7
Table E-14.
Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
ES-16
-------
CHAPTER 3:
YEAR-TO-YEAR COMPARISON OF
RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Because TRI data are collected annually, they
can be used to measure progress in reducing
toxic chemical releases and off-site transfers.
Reported toxic chemical releases decreased by
12.6% between 1992 and 1993, more than
double the rate of decline between 1991 and
1992. Reported transfers increased by 4.1 %,
primarily due to increased transfers for
recycling. Table E-15 compares the 1992 and
1993 release and transfer quantities. Since
1988, EPA's baseline year for TRI comparisons,
toxic chemical releases have declined by 42.7%.
Figure E-19 illustrates the change in each
release type since 1988.
I
Executive Summary mm
Releases and
Transfers
1992-1993
Total Releases
Air
Surface Water
Underground Injection
Land
Total Transfers
Recycling
Energy Recovery
Treatment :
POTWs
Disposal
Otherฉ
1992-1993 Change
Millions of
Pounds
-406.5
-200.5
-5.0
-149.7
-51.3
186.2
317.6
14.8
-69.0
-122.4
61.4
-16.2
Percent
-12.6
-10.7
-1.8
-20.6
-15.1
4.1
10.8
3.1
-17.4
-28.0
23.3
-89.9
Table E-15.
Change in Total Releases, 1988-1993
Millions of Pounds
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000-
500-
1988
111989
1990
D1991
01992
1993
Surface Water
Underground
Injection
Land
Figure E-19.Q
Q Transfers reported with no waste management codes or invalid codes.
0 Does not include data for aluminum oxide, delisted chemicals, or chemicals added in 1990 and 1991.
ES-17
-------
Executive Summary
-26
-23
-18
Top 10 States
1992-1993 Decrease ~15
in Total Releases -15
-14
-60 -40 -20
Millions of Pounds
1992-1993 Change in Total
Releases by State
(Includes Underground Injection)
Figure E-20 presents the 10 states with the
largest poundage decrease in total releases
(including underground injection) between 1992
and 1993. Figure E-21 illustrates the percentage
change in total releases between 1992 and 1993
for each state.
Fifteen states reported a decrease in total
releases of more than 20% since 1992. Six
states and two territories reported increased
releases between 1992 and 1993.
Figure E-20.
Percent Change In Total Releases, 1992-1993
(Includes Underground Injection)
Alaska
Hawaii
Percent Change
I Increase
i 0% to 10% Decrease
10% to 20% Decrease
More than 20% Decrease
Rgure E-21.
ES-18
-------
-412
Top 10 States
1988-1993 Decrease -60
in Total Releases -59
-59
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100
Millions of Pounds
Executive Summary
1988-1993 Change in Total
Releases by State
(Includes Underground Injection)
Figure E-22 presents the 10 states with the
largest quantity decrease in total releases
(including underground injection) between 1988
and 1993. Figure E--23 displays the states by
percentage change in total releases between
1988 and 1993.
Twenty-two states and the District of Columbia
have reduced their total releases by more than
50% since 1988. Eight states have reduced their
releases by less than, 25% since 1988, compared
to the national decrease of nearly 43%. Three
states have reported an increase in total releases
since 1988.
Figure E-22.
Percent Change in Total Releases, 1988-1993
(Includes Underground Injection)
Alaska
Hawaii
Puerto Rico
Percent Change
Increase
_ 0% to 25% Decrease
D 25% to 50% Decrease
D More than 50% Decrease
Figure E-23.
ES-19
-------
Executive Summary
Millions of Pounds
-50-
-100
-150
-200-
-250
Top 10 industries
1992-1993 Decrease
in Total Releases
Figure E-24.Q
Millions of Pounds
Top 10 Industries
1988-1993 Decrease
in Total Releases
-1,000
-1,200
O O
Change in Total Releases
by Industry
Figure E-24 displays the 10 industries with the
largest quantity decrease in total releases
(including underground injection) between 1992
and 1993. Figure E-25 displays the 10 indus-
tries with the largest quantity decrease in total
releases between 1988 and 1993.
Although the chemical industry has experienced
the largest decrease in terms of pounds since
1988, several industries have experienced larger
percentage reductions in total releases. For
example, the electrical equipment industry has
reduced its releases by 68.5% since 1988,
compared to 43.8% for the chemical industry
and 42.7% for all industries combined. Table
E-16 lists the top 10 industries for percentage
decrease in total releases since 1988.
Top 10 Industries
for 1988-1993
Percentage Decrease 1988-1993
Pounds
Electrical -85,976,191
Multiple Codes 20-390 -343,517,564
Machinery . -33,825,370
Measure./Photo. -30,524,297
Leather -7,555,908
Textiles -17,761,858
Miscellaneous -14,379,030
Chemicals -1,019,874,077
Primary Metals -236,927,540
Printing -24,528,738
Total for Top 10 Industries -1,814,870,573
Change
Percent
-68.5
-68.3
-55.2
-53.4
-47.5
-46.5
-45.5
-43.8
-41.9
-40.2
-47.9
Table E-16.
Rgure E-25.Q
O Multiple Codes: Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and
chemicals (28)].
ES-20
-------
Change in Total Releases
by Chemical
Table E-17 lists the 10 chemicals with the
largest quantity decrease in total releases
(including underground injection) between 1992
1992-1993 Decrease in Total Releases
Chemical
Ammonia
Hydrochloric acid
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Methanol
Toluene
Manganese compounds
Freon 113
Copper
Dichloromethane
Acetone
Total for Top 10 Chemicals
1992-1993
Pounds
-113,011,644
-62,028,328
-53,042,379
-41,931,828
-17,837,961
-16,173,398
-15,065,503
-11,592,214
-10,378,371
-10,188,311
-351,249,937
Change
Percent
-24.3
-21.6
-45.3
-16.5
-9.1
-24.3
-60.5
-80.9
-13.7
-7.3
-21.4
Table E-17.
1988-1993 Decrease in Total Releases
Chemical
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Hydrochloric acid
Toluene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Acetone
Methanol
Dichloromethane
Chlorine
Freon 113
Methyl ethyl ketone
Total for Top 10 Chemicals
1988-1993
Pounds
-593,862,296
-255,372,525
-121,071,663
-115,415,330
-84,373,471
-77,945,453
-65,526,833
-65,000,624
-60,702,551
-55,214,405
-1,494,485,151
Change
Percent
-98.0
-53.1
-40.4
-64.3
-39.4
-26.9
-50.0
-46.0
-86.1
-39.2
-58.5
Executive Summary
and 1993. Two of the chemicals among the top
10 for decrease in total releases (1,1,1-trichloro-
ethane and Freon 113) are ozone-depleting
chemicals whose production will be banned as
of January 1, 1996. The net decrease (decreases
for some chemicals minus increases for others)
for all TRI chemicals between 1992 and 1993
was 406 million pounds, or 12.6%.
Table E-18 lists the 10 chemicals with the
largest quantity decrease in total releases
(including underground injection) between 1988
and 1993. The 98% decline in releases of
ammonium sulfate (solution) is largely
attributable to a change in reporting method for
this chemical rather than to actual reductions in
releases. The net decrease for all TRI chemicals
between 1988 and 1993 was nearly 2.1 billion
pounds, or 42.7%.
Table E-19 lists the 10 chemicals with the
largest increases in total releases (including
underground injection) between 1988 and 1993.
Table E-18.ฎ
1988-1993 Increase in Total Releases
i
Chemical
Phosphoric acid ;
Copper compounds
Ethylbenzene
Ammonia
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Acrylamide
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Acetamide(D
Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate)
Decabromodiphenyl oxide
Total for Top 10 Chemicals
1988-1993
Pounds
35,370,949
14,413,640
2,877,323
2,841,897
2,237,166
1,813,597
1,327,068
1,089,016
1,016,774
658,075
63,645,505
Change
Percent
20.0
43.4
36.8
0.8
50.6
81.4
50.6
304.9
1269.3
11.0
Table E-19.ฎ
ฉ Calculation of top chemicals does not include data for aluminum oxide, delisted chemicals, or chemicals added in 1990 and 1991.
Q) No releases were reported for this chemical in 1988, although it was included on the TRI list that year.
ES-21
-------
Executive Summary
CHAPTER 4:
TRI REPORTING PROFILES FOR
33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS
The 33/50 Program is a voluntary pollution
prevention initiative that targets 17 high-priority
TRI chemicals for reductions in releases and
transfers (see Box E-6). The program derives its
name from its reduction goals: an interim goal
of a 33% reduction in the 1992 reporting year
and an ultimate goal of a 50% reduction in the
1995 reporting year, as measured against 1988
TRI data. These goals include all releases, as
well as transfers to off-site locations for
treatment and disposal. Transfers for recycling
and energy recovery are not included because
they were not reportable in 1988.
Releases and transfers of these 17 targeted
chemicals declined by 100 million pounds, or
11%, between 1992 and 1993. Reductions since
1988 total 46% (see Figure E-26). Facilities
17 Priority Chemicals
Targeted by the 33/50 Program
Benzene
Cadmium and compounds
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Chromium and compounds
Cyanide compounds
Dichloromethane
Lead and compounds
Mercury and compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Nickel and compounds
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1.1,1 -Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
owned by companies participating in the 33/50
Program, representing just a third of the total
number of facilities reporting Program
chemicals to TRI, accounted for 98% of the 100
million pound reduction in the last year,
experiencing an average reduction of more than
20% (and 57% since 1988). Non-participating
facilities reported virtually no reductions in
33/50 Program emissions in 1993.
In the first two years after the Program's goals
were announced (1991 and 1992), the rate of
reduction for 33/50 Program chemicals
significantly outpaced the rate for non-Program
chemicals. However, between 1992 and 1993,
releases and transfers of non-Program chemicals
declined by 13%, compared to an 11.0% decline
for 33/50 Program chemicals. Figure E-27
compares the annual reduction rates of the 33/50
Program chemicals to the rates for all other TRI
chemicals.
33/50 Program Progress: 1988-1993 Change
Millions of Pounds
1,750
1992 Goal:
997 Million
Pounds
1995 Goal:
744 Million
Pounds
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Releases and Transfers
Box E-6.
ES-22
Figure E-26.
-------
Executive Summary
Reduction in Releases and Transfers:
33/50 Program Chemicals vs.
Other TRI Chemicals
Percent Reduction
25.0
20.0-
15.0-
10.0-
1988-
1989
1989-
1990
B 33/50 Chemicals
Other TRI Chemicals
Figure E-27.ฎ
Total production-related waste associated with
33/50 Program chemicals increased by 2.9%
between 1992 and 1993. However, facilities are
projecting that total production-related waste
associated with 33/50 Program chemicals will
decline by nearly 6% in 1994, while production-
related waste associated with non-Program
chemicals is projected to rise. Figure E-28
compares the annual changes in total produc-
tion-related waste for 33/50 Program chemicals
and non-Program chemicals.
Facilities owned by companies participating in
the 33/50 Program reported a slight reduction in
33/50 Program chemical production-related
Change in Production-Related Waste:
33/50 Program Chemicals vs.
Other TRI Chemicals
Percent Reduction
7.0
1993- 1994-
1994 1.995
Projected Projected
33/50 Chemicals
Other TRI Chemicals
Figure E-28.(D
waste in 1993 (0.5%) and are projecting
substantial additional reductions by 1995 (15%).
Non-participating faicilities reported a nearly 8%
rise in 33/50 Program production-related waste
in the last year and project an increase of an
additional 7% by 1995.
Facilities report a higher rate of source reduction
activities for 33/50 Program chemicals than for
non-Program chemicals. In 1993, nearly one-
third of all forms for 33/50 Program chemicals
reported one or more source reduction activities
undertaken that yeair for the chemical. This
compares to just over 21% for all other TRI
chemicals.
The amounts for recycling and energy recovery reported for 1991-1993 have not been included in these totals.
1991 as reported on the 1992 Form R for the previous year.
ES-23
-------
-------
Executive Summary
EPA REGIONAL SECTION 313 COORDINATORS
USEPA Region I (Boston, MA)
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Dwight Peavey
Phone: (617)565-4502
Fax: (617) 565-4939
USEPA Region II (Edison, NJ)
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands
Nora Lopez
Phone: (908)906-6890
Fax: (908) 321-6788
USEPA Region III (Philadelphia, PA)
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
Mikal Shabazz
Phone: (215)597-3659
Fax: (215)597-3156
USEPA Region IV (Atlanta, GA)
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee
Pat Steed
Phone: (404) 347-1033 (Ext. 36)
Fax: (404) 347-1681
USEPA Region V (Chicago, IL)
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota,
Ohio, Wisconsin
Thelma Codina
Phone: (312)886-6219
Fax: (312) 353-4342
USEPA Region VI (Dallas, IX)
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Texas
Warren Layne
Phone: (214)665-8013
Fax: (214) 665-2164
USEPA Region VII (Kansas City, KS)
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
JimHirtz
Phone: (913)551-7020
Fax: (913) 551-7065
USEPA Region VIII (Denver, CO)
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Kathie Atencio
Phone: (303)293-1735
Fax: (303) 293-1229
USEPA Region IX (San Francisco, CA)
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada,
American Samoa, Guam, Northern Marianas
Pam Tsai
Phone: (415)744-1116
Fax: (415) 744-1073
USEPA Region X (Seattle, WA)
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
Phil Wong
Phone: (206)553-4016
Fax: (206) 553-8338
ES-25
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Executive Summary
STATE TRI PUBLIC CONTACTS
Alabama Ed Poolos
(205) 260-2717
Alaska Camilla Stephens
(907) 465-5220
American Pati Faiai
Samoa Intl. (684) 633-2304
Arizona Daniel Roe
(602) 231-6346
Arkansas John Ward
(501) 562-7444
California Steve Hanna
(916) 324-9924
Colorado Tamara Vanhorn
(303) 692-3017
Connecticut David Jersey
(203) 424-3373
Delaware Joanne Deramo
(302) 739-4791
District of Leslie B. Nesbitt
Columbia (202)673-2101
Ext. 3161
Florida BretTimmons
(904) 413-9929
(800) 635-7179
(in Florida)
Georgia Burt Langley
(404) 656-6905
Guam Fred M. Castro
Intl. (671) 646-88637
8864
Hawaii Marsha Mealey
(808) 586-4694
Idaho Margaret Ballard
(208) 334-3263
Illinois Joe Goodner
(217) 785-0830
Indiana Paula Smith
(317) 232-8172
Iowa Pete Hamlin
(515) 281-8852
Kansas Jon Flint
(913) 296-1690
Kentucky Alex Barber
(502) 564-2150
Louisiana Linda Brown
(504) 765-0737
Maine Rayna Leibowitz
(207) 287-4080
Maryland Patricia Williams
(410) 631-3800
Massa- Suzi Peck
chusetts (617)292-5870
Michigan Richard Jackson
(517) 373-8481
Minnesota Steven
Tomlyanovich
(612) 282-5396
Mississippi John David Burns
(601) 960-9000
Missouri Jim Penfold
(314) 526-6627
Montana Tom Ellerhoff
(406) 444-2544
Nebraska John Steinauer
(402) 471-4230
Nevada Kelli Hammack
(702) 687-5872
New Hamp- Leland Kimball
shire (603) 271-2231
New Jersey Andrew Opperman
(609) 984-3219
New Mexico Max Johnson
(505) 827-9223
New York William Miner
(518) 457-4107
North Emily Kilpatrick
Carolina (919) 733-3865
North Robert W.
Dakota Johnston
(701)328-2111
Northern F. Russell
Marianas Mecham, III
Intl. (670) 234-6984
Ohio Cindy DeWulf
(614) 644-4830
Oklahoma Monty Elder
(405) 271-8062
Oregon Dennis Walthall
(503) 378-3473
Ext. 231
Penn- James Tinney
sylvania (717) 783-2071
Puerto Rico Genaro Torres
(809) 766-8056
Rhode Martha Delaney
Island Mulcahey
(401) 277-2808
Ext. 7032
South Michael Juras
Carolina (803)896-4117
South Lee Ann Smith
Dakota (605) 773-3296
Tennessee Betty Eaves
(615) 741-2986
Texas Becky Kurka
(512)239-3100
Utah John Jones
(801) 536-4100
Vermont Gary Gulka
(802) 241-3888
Virgin BenNazario
Islands (809) 773-0565
(St. Croix)
(809) 774-3320
(St. Thomas)
Virginia Roland Owens
(804) 762-4482
Washington IdellHansen
(206) 407-6727
West Carl L. Bradford
Virginia (304) 558-5380
Wisconsin Russ Dunst
(608) 266-9255
Wyoming Mike Davis
(307) 777-4900
ES-26
-------
1993 Toxics Release Inventory
Public Data Release
Order Form
In addition to this Executive Summary, EPA has prepared two reports summarizing the TRI data.
To order one or both of these documents, please return this order form to:
NCEPI
Attn: Publication Orders
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Fax: (513)489-8695
Please type or print clearly, and be sure to indicate which document(s) you would like to receive by
checking the appropriate box(es) below. Allow 2-4 weeks for delivery.
/ / 1993 Toxics Release Inventory Public Data Release (EPA 745-11-95-010)
Summarizes the national TRI data for 1993 and provides limited comparison data
for 1988, 1991, and 1992. Included is information on releases and transfers of TRI
chemicals, management of TRI chemicals in waste, and achievements of the 33/50
Program of voluntary toxics reduction. Includes national summaries, plus
complete data tables by state, by industry group, and by chemical. (418 pp.)
/ / 1993 Toxics Release Inventory Public Data Release State Fact Sheets (EPA 745-F-95-002)
Provides a two-page summary of 1993 basic TRI data for each state, including
release, transfer, and waste management totals, state rankings, top five chemicals
released in the state, and top 10 facilities for TRI releases in the state. Includes
information about state TRI programs. (114 pp.)
Ship to
Organization
Address
City/State/ZIP
Daytime Phone
(Please include area code)
-------
II1-
II [.
'II, Jf*
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