'United States "-:hv:J'c:[r:iVuj
-Environmental Prptecticrii^
Public D§ta
1 - dfficef Pollutibtf
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How Can I Learn More about TRI?
1994 PUBLIC DATA RELEASE REPORTS
This booklet summarizes the 1994 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI)
data. More detailed information appears in the 1994 Toxics Release
Inventory Public Data Release and 1994 Toxics Release Inventory
Public Data Release State Fact Sheets. These documents can be
obtained from EPA using the order form on the inside back cover
of this booklet.
EPCRA HOTLINE
EPA operates a toll-free Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act (EPCRA) Hotline to provide information to the public and to
the reporting community about TRI aind other aspects of EPCRA. The
EPCRA Hotline can answer your questions about TRI and help you obtain
TRI-related publications. Call 1-800-535-0202; Monday - Friday,
8:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Eastern Time.
STATE AND EPA REGIONAL TRI CONTACTS
Each of the 10 EPA regional offices has a TRI coordinator who
can help you find out more about TRI programs in your state and
region. Each state has also designated a TRI contact. These state
and EPA Regional TRI contacts are listed at the back of this
booklet.
DATABASE ACCESS
The complete TRI database is available to the public in a variety of electronic
formats. On-line access is available through the National Library of Medicine's
TOXNET system and through the Right-to-Know Network (RTK NET), an on-line
environmental network. TRI data are also available on CD-ROM, diskette, and
magnetic tape. Data tables and text files from, the public data release documents, as
well as simple database search capabilities, are accessible on the Internet. !
EPA operates a TRI User Support Service to help the public obtain, use, anc
understand the TRI data. Specialists are available to answer questions and provide
data search assistance. Call 202-260-1531; Monday - Friday, 8:00 a.m. to
4:30 p.m. Eastern Time.
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
1994 Toxics Release Inventory
Public Data Release
Executive Summary
u mini in
in
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (7408)
Washington, DC 20460
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1994 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION:
WHAT IS THE
TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY?
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a
database which provides information to the
public about releases of toxic chemicals from
manufacturing facilities into the environment.
TRI was established under the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of
1986 and expanded under the Pollution
Prevention Act of 1990. Facilities report their
TRI information annually to EPA and to the
state in which they are located.
Who Must Report to TRI?
A facility must report to TRI if it:
• Conducts manufacturing operations
within Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) codes 20 through 39 (see Box E-5);
• Has 10 or more full-time employees; and
• Manufactures or processes more than
25,000 pounds or uses more than 10,000
pounds of any listed chemical during the
calendar year.
BoxE-1.
What Must Be Reported?
Information reported by facilities includes:
• Amounts of each listed chemical released
to the environment at the facility;
• Amounts of each chemical shipped from
the facility to other locations for
recycling, energy recovery, treatment, or
disposal; •
• Amounts of each chemical recycled,
burned for energy recovery, or treated at
die facility;
• Maximum amount of the chemical
present on-site at the facility during the
year; . '
• Types of activities conducted at the
facility involving the toxic chemical;
• Source reduction activities undertaken to
prevent pollution and waste generation;
• Environmental permits held by the
facility;
• Name and telephone number of a person.
to contact at the facility for more
information.
BoxE-2.
ES-1
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Executive Summary
An Explanation of Releases
Releases. A release is an on-site discharge of a toxic chemical to the environment. This includes emissions to the
air, discharges to bodies of water, releases at the facility to land, as well as contained disposal into underground
injection wells.
Air Releases. Releases to air are reported either as stack or fugitive emissions. Stack emissions are releases to air
that occur through confined air streams, such as stacks, vents, ducts, or pipes. Fugitive emissions are all releases
to air that are not released through a confined air stream. Fugitive emissions include equipment leaks,
evaporative losses from surface impoundments and spills, and releases from building ventilation systems.
Surface Water Releases. Releases to water include discharges to streams, rivers, lakes, oceans, and other bodies
of water. This includes releases from contained sources, such as industrial process outflow pipes or open
trenches. Releases due to runoff, including stormwater runoff, are also reportable to TRI.
Underground Injection. Underground injection is a contained release of a fluid into a subsurface well for the
purpose of waste disposal. Most underground injection reported to TRI involves injection of waste into Class I
or Class V wells. Class I wells are used to inject liquid hazardous wastes or industrial and municipal wastewaters
beneath the lowermost underground source of drinking water. Class V wells are generally used to inject non-1
hazardous fluid into or above an underground source of drinking water. Currently, TRI reporting does not
distinguish between these two types of wells, although there are important differences in environmental impact.
Land Releases. Releases to land occur within the boundaries of the reporting facility. Releases to land include
disposal of toxic chemicals in landfills (in which wastes are buried), land treatment/application farming (in
which a waste containing a listed chemical is applied to or incorporated into soil), surface impoundments (which
are uncovered holding areas used to volatilize and/or settle waste materials), and other land disposal methods
(such as spills, leaks, or waste piles).
Box E-3.
CHAPTER 1:
1994 TRI RELEASES
AND TRANSFERS
\
For 1994, the TRI list included 343 chemicals
and 22 chemical categories. Facilities file a
separate reporting form, called a Form R, for
each listed chemical they manufacture, process,
or use in excess of reporting thresholds.
Facilities report the amount of each listed
chemical they release to the air, water, and land,
as well as the amount they inject into
underground disposal wells. Box E-3 explains
these release types.
TRI data alone cannot indicate the risk that
chemical releases pose to human health and the
environment. Though the TRI data are useful as
a starting point in identifying potential risks,
other information is required to evaluate the risk
in a particular area. A determination of risk
depends on many factors, including: the toxicity
of the chemical, the extent of exposure, the type
of release, and the conditions of the
environment. For example, small releases of
highly toxic chemicals may present a greater
risk than large releases of less toxic chemicals.
Direct releases, such as air emissions, may pose
a greater threat to human health and the
environment than more contained releases, such
as underground injection.
ES-2
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Executive Summary
Air
1,556 million
, pounds
Underground
Injection
349 million
pounds
On-site Releases
1994
Surface Water
66 million
pounds
Land
289 million
pounds
Figure E-1.
On-Site Releases
For 1994,22,744. facilities filed 75,332 Form
Rs. These facilities released 2.26 billion pounds
of listed toxic chemicals into the nation's
environment in 1994. Figure E-1 shows the
quantity of listed chemicals released to the air,
water, and land and injected underground.
Figure E-2 shows the distribution of toxic
chemical releases by type of release. Air
emissions constituted nearly 69% of all toxic
chemical releases in 1994. Surface water .
releases, which include releases to rivers, lakes,
oceans, and other bodies of water, accounted for
less than 3% of all releases. Releases to land,
which include landfills, surface impoundments,
and other types of land disposal, accounted for
nearly 13% of all releases, while underground
injection accounted for more than 15% of all
releases.
Distribution of Releases
1994
Land
12.8%
Underground
Injection
15.4%
Surface
Water
2.9%
Figure E-2.
ES-3-
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Executive Summary
An Explanation of Off-site Transfers
Off-site Transfers. An off-site transfer is a shipment of toxic chemicals in waste to a facility that is
geographically or physically separate from the facility reporting under TRI. Off-site transfers represent a
movement of the chemical away from the reporting facility.
Transfers to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs). A POTW is a wastewater treatment facility (sewage
treatment plant) that is owned by a state or municipality. Wastewaters are transferred through pipes or sewers to
a POTW. Treatment or removal of a chemical from the wastewater depends upon the nature of the chemical, as
well as the treatment methods used by the POTW. Not all TRI chemicals can be treated or removed by a POTW.
Some chemicals are destroyed in treatment. Others may evaporate into the atmosphere. Some chemicals, such as
metals, are removed but are not destroyed by treatment and may be disposed of in landfills. Some chemicals
pass through the POTW and are discharged to receiving waters.
Transfers Off-site for Recycling. Toxic chemicals sent off-site for recycling may be recovered or regenerated by
a variety of methods, including solvent recovery, metals recovery, and acid regeneration. Once recycled, these
chemicals may be returned to the originating facility or sold for further processing or use.
Transfers Off-site for Energy Recovery. Toxic chemicals sent off-site for energy recovery are combusted off-
site in industrial furnaces (including kilns) or boilers that generate heat or energy for use at that off-site location,
Treatment of a chemical by incineration is not considered to be energy recovery.
Transfers Off-site for Treatment. Toxic chemicals sent off-site may be treated through a variety of methods,
including biological treatment, neutralization, incineration, and physical separation. These methods result in
varying degrees of destruction of the toxic chemical. In some cases (such as stabilization or solidification), the
chemical is not destroyed but is prepared for further waste management, such as contained disposal.
Transfers Off-site for Disposal. Toxic chemicals sent off-site to a facility for disposal generally are either :
released to land or injected underground (see Box E-3 above) at the off-site location.
Other Off-site Transfers. In this report, "other off-site transfers" means transfers that were reported without an
appropriate waste management activity code and therefore could not be assigned to a transfer category.
Box E-4.
Off-site Transfers
Facilities also must report the amounts of each
listed chemical they ship to other locations for
recycling, energy recovery, treatment, or
disposal. Except for off-site transfers for
disposal, these quantities do not necessarily
represent entry of the chemical into the
environment. Box E-4 explains each transfer
type.
Transfers for treatment and disposal have been
reported since 1987. Transfers for recycling and
energy recovery have been reported since 1991.
In addition to quantities transferred, facilities
also must provide the name and location of the
site which will receive the shipment.
ES-4
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Executive Summary
Off-site Transfers
1994
Recyc ing
2,456 million
pounds
Treatment
319 million
pounds
POTWs
255 million
pounds
Energy
Recovery
464 million
pounds
Disposal
298 million
pounds
Figure E-3.Q
In 1994, facilities transferred nearly 3.8 billion
pounds of toxic chemicals in waste to off-site
locations for recycling, energy recovery,
treatment, and disposal. Figure E-3 shows the
quantity of toxic chemicals transferred to off-
site locations for each type of waste
management activity.
Figure E-4 shows the distribution of transfers, by
waste management activity. Transfers of toxic
chemicals to off-site locations for recycling
accounted for nearly'65% of all transfers. Less
than 8% of all transfers were sent to off-site
locations for disposal.
Distribution of Transfers
1994
POTWs
6.7%
Disposal
7.8%
Treatment
8.4%
Energy
Recovery
12.2%
Recycling
64.7%
Figure E-4.0
Does not include "other" off-site transfers, i.e., those reported without valid waste management codes (4 million pounds).
ES-5
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Executive Summary
Top Five States for Largest Total TRI Releases, 1994
(Includes Underground Injection)
-2J Tennessee
155,824,043 Ibs
3 I Louisiana
153,041,482 Ibs
4J Mississippi
121,607,444 Ibs.
Figure E-5.
Tex.
Term.
La.
Miss.
Ohio
111.
Ala.
Fla.
N.C.
Mich.
ssr. , .. •.:^.r-*;..E-:2frr.'.1:.^ .1250
E^-._7,,;,, ',;,„ ,,,;,,,,i ISB
f, r, . * , ':,=;::="l 153
k* i * • •«="•! 122
r—-; ' ~' » 1 117
^^n. p^j^p^jj 98
*•.,...:. 195
R -194 Top 1f .QtstPQ
i^"1 • " j gg Total Releases
fy., ., ...-I 83
0 100 200 300
Millions of Pounds
Figure E-6.
ES-6
Total Releases by State, 1994
(Includes Underground Injection)
Figures E-5 and E-6 show the states with the
largest quantities of reported toxic chemical
releases in 1994, including releases to air, water,
and land, as well as underground injection.
The total quantity of releases reported by these
states does not necessarily indicate that risks
from toxic chemicals are highest in these states.
Release totals do not take into account the
geographic size of the state or the size of the
state's population. As discussed above, the risk
from releases of toxic chemicals depends on a
variety of factors, including the type of release,
the toxicity of the chemical, and the proximity
of populations to the releases.
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Executive Summary „„„ ,„
Top Five States for Largest TRI Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994
(Excludes Underground Injection)
Figure E-7.
Air/Water/Land Releases by State,
1994 (Excludes Underground Injection)
Figures E-7 and E-8 show the states with the
largest quantities of reported toxic chemical
releases in 1994, excluding underground
injection. This alternative ranking method is
presented because releases to properly designed
and constructed Class I injection wells have
lower exposure potentials than other, more
direct forms of release. Texas ranks first for
both air/water/land releases and for total
releases (including underground injection). ,
Tennessee, Louisiana, and Ohio remain in the
top five if underground injection is excluded,
although their rankings change. Mississippi,
which ranks fourth for total TRI releases
(including underground injection), drops to 12th
- place- if underground injection is excluded.
Tex.
La.
Ohio
Term.
Ala.
N. C.
III.
Fla.
Mich.
Ind.
144
111
103
100
95
B^pg|||^|3JS^|ilj 89
88 - . .
78 Top 10 states
Releases
74
0 -50 -100 150 200
Millions of Pounds
Figure E-8.
ES-7
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Executive Summary
Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) Codes
20 Food and kindred products
21 Tobacco products
22 Textile mill products
23 Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics
and similar materials
24 Lumber and wood products, except furniture
25 Furniture and fixtures
26 Paper and allied products
27 Printing, publishing, and allied industries
28 Chemicals and allied products
29 Petroleum refining and related industries
30 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
31 Leather and leather products
32 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products
33 Primary metal industries
34 Fabricated metal products, except machinery and
transportation equipment
35 Industrial and commercial machinery and computer
equipment
36 Electronic and other electrical equipment and
components, except computer equipment
37 Transportation equipment
38 Measuring, analyzing, and controlling instruments;
photographic, medical and optical goods; watches
and clocks
39 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Box E-5.
Millions of Pounds
Top 10 Industries
Total Releases
(Includes Underground
Injection)
Figure E-9.0
Releases and Transfers by
Industry, 1994
In the private sector, only manufacturing facili-
ties in SIC codes 20 through 39 were required to
report, to TRI for 1994. Box E-5 lists the
industry groups currently subject to TRI, along
with their corresponding SIC codes, facilities
owned and operated by the Federal government
were required to report for the first time in 1994;
releases from these facilities are discussed in a
separate section of this report. Other industry
groups are currently under consideration for
future addition to the reporting requirements.
Figure E-9 presents the 10 industries With the
largest quantities of reported toxic chemical
releases, including underground injection, in
1994. Figure E-10 presents the 10 industries
with the largest total transfers to off-site
locations.
Millions of Pounds
1,200
1,000- M
800-
600
400
200-
Top 10 Industries
Transfers
Figure E-10.0
Multiple Codes: Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (2(5) and
chemicals (28)]. • ,' '
ES-8
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Executive Summary
Top 10 Facilities for Largest Total TRI Releases, 1994
(Includes Underground Injection)
ASARCO Inc.
East Helena, MT
43,615,531 Ibs.
DuPont
New Johnsonville, TN
57,022,125 Ibs.
3 I Magnesium Corp.
of America
Rowley, UT
55,776,250 Ibs.
Coastal Chem Inc.
Cheyenne, WY
21,493,491 Ibs.
Lenang Fibers Corp
Lowland, TN
21,420,365 Ibs,
Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Axis, AL
33,438,505 Ibs.
IMC-Agrico Co
Mulberry, FL
25,789,100 Ibs
DuPont
Beaumont, TX
32,869,795 ibs
JJ DuPont
Pass Christian, MS
59,926,147 Ibs.
10| DuPont
Victoria, TX
21,102,730 Ibs.
Figure E-11.
Figure E-11 shows the locations of the 10
facilities which reported the largest quantities of
TRI releases, including underground injection,
in 1994. The label next to each facility on the
map lists the facility name, the city and state in.
which it is located, and the total quantity of TRI
releases in 1994.
All facilities must report the name of their
parent company, if applicable, on their Form Rs.
The parent company is the highest-level
company which owns or controls the reporting
facility. Table E-l lists the top ten parent
companies for total TRI releases, including
underground injection. Together, these 10
companies accounted for only 1.9% of all TRI
reporting facilities and 4.0% of all forms filed,
yet they accounted for 25.7% of total TRI
releases in 1994.
Top 10 Parent
Companies
Total Releases
Company Name
DuPont
ASARCO Inc.
Renco Group Inc.
' IMC Global Inc.
International Paper Company
General Motors Corporation
Courtaulds United States Inc.
Monsanto Company ,
Arcadian Partners LP
Georgia-Pacific Corporation
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Facilities
Total
Facilities
Number
70
11
12
13
71
112
9
27
8
90
. 423 .
Releases
Pounds
203,569,404
69,355,764
66,084,321
47,746,806
43,111,887
36,841,746
34,521,923
27,391,091
26,395,613
26,209,076
581,227,631
. 22,744 2,260,210,725
Table E-1.
ES-9
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Executive Summary
Top 10 Facilities for Largest TRI Air/Water/Land Releases, 1994
(Excludes Underground Injection)
1 | Magnesium Corp.
1 ofAmerica
Rowley, UT ,
53,776,250 !bs.
8 | Northwestern Steel & Wire Co.
Sterling, IL
'14,742,170 Ibs.
Elkem Metals Co.
Marietta, OH
16,458,676 Ibs.
5_\ Lenzing Fibers Corp.
Lowland, TN
21,420,365 Ibs.
j?J ASARCOInc.
East Helena, MT
43,615,531 Ibs.
3 I Courtaulds Fibers Inc.
Axis, AL •
33,438,505 Ibs.
PCS Phosphate Co. Inc.
Aurora, NC
13,738,579 Ibs.
ASARCO Inc.
Hayden,AZ
17,908,955 Ibs.
9 1 International Paper
Redwood, MS
14,268,540 Ibs.
4 IMC-Agrico Co.
Figure E-12.
Top 10 Parent
Companies
Air/Water/Land Releases
Total Air/
Water/Land
Company Name
ASARCO Inc.
Rcnco Group Inc.
IMC Global Inc.
International Paper
General Motors Corporation
Courtaulds United States Inc.
DuPont
Arcadian Partners LP
Georgia-Pacific Corporation
Ford Motor Company
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Facilities
Facilities
Number
11
12
13
71
112
9
70
' 8
90
50
. 446
Releases
Pounds
69,195,894
66,084,321
47,746,806
43,111,887
36,841,746
34,521,923
33,681,715
26,395,613
26,209,076
25,775,275
409,564,256
22,744 1,911,242,499
Table E-2.
Figure E-12 shows the locations of the 10
facilities which reported the largest quantities of
TRI releases to air, water, and land, excluding
underground injection, in 1994. As discussed
above, this alternative ranking method is
presented because releases to properly designed
and constructed Class I injection wells have
lower exposure potential than other, more direct,
forms of release.
Table E-2 lists the top 10 parent companies for
releases to air, water, and land, excluding
underground injection, in 1994. Together, these
10 companies accounted for only 2.0% of
reporting facilities and 4.3% of all forms, but
21.4% of releases to air, water, and land in
1994.
The following page shows the 10 chemicals
released in the greatest quantity for each release
type.
ES-10
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Executive Summary
L
Top Chemicals by Release Media, 1994
Top 10 Chemicals
Air
Methanol
Toluene
Ammonia
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Carbon disulfide
Methyl ethyl ketone
Hydrochloric acid
Dichloromethane
Chlorine
Glycol ethers
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Pounds
217,813,008
168,218,-285
155,986,261
108,333,639
83,317,815
. 78,624,939
72,671,589
-.' 62,710,490
59,778,810
• 48,520,574
1,055,975,410
1,556,008,085
Top 10 Chemicals
Surface Water
Phosphoric acid
Ammonia
Methanol
Ammonium nitrate (solution)
Ammonium sulfate (solution)
Zinc compounds
Ethylene glycol
Manganese compounds
Chlorine
Formaldehyde
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Pounds
20,900,384
14,613,475
11,007,879
6,978,376
4,196,377
1,438,199
784,402
733,537
516,005
388,750
61,557,384
66,083,288
Table E-3.
Table E-4.
Top 10 Chemicals
Underground Injection
Pounds
Hydrochloric acid 141,990,565
Ammonium nitrate (solution) 5.1,190,858"
Ammonia 29,059,299
Methanol 24,343,351
^ Nitric acid 18,269,660
Acetonitrile -• 17,105,679
Formic acid . 10,671,734
Formaldehyde 7,739,510
Acrylic acid , 6,436,000
Acrylamide 5,198,814
Subtotal 312,005,470
Total for All TRI Chemicals . . 348,968,226
Top 10 Chemicals
Land
Zinc compounds
Phosphoric acid
Copper compounds
Manganese compounds
Chromium compounds
Lead compounds
Manganese
Zinc (fume or dust)
Ammonia
Methanol
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Pounds
75,174,770
56,785,731
41,449,920
37,796,986
20,636,107
14,656,876
8,484,764
8,462,944
6,142,040
2,602,696
272,192,834
289,151,126
Table E-5.
Table E-6.
ES-11
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Executive Summary
3 8
Top 10 States
7 Carcinogen
Releases
(Air/Water/Land)
5 10 •
Millions of Pounds
15
20
Figure E-13.
Millions of Pounds
Top 10 Industries
Carcinogen Releases
(Air/Water/Land)
Figure E-14.Q
Carcinogen Releases to
AirAVater/Land, 1994
(Excludes Underground Injection)
For reporting purposes, TRI designates 118 ;
chemicals as carcinogens based on criteria set
forth in the Occupational Safety 'and Health
Administration's Hazard Communication ;
Standards. Some of these chemicals, such as
benzene or asbestos, are known to cause cancer :
in hurnans. Others are suspected to cause cancer
in hurnans because they have been shown to
cause cancer in laboratory animals,! :
More than 177 million pounds of TRUisted
carcinogens were released to the air, water, and-.
land (excluding underground injection) in 1994.:
Figures E-13 and E-14 show the 10 states land !
10 industries with the largest quantities of \
carcinogen releases to air, water, and land in '•
1994. Table E-7 lists the 10 TRI carcinogens
released in the largest quantities to air, water,
and land in 1994.
Carcinogens with Largest
Air/Water/Land Releases
Pounds
Dichloromethane
Styrene
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Chloroform
Tetrachloroethylene
Benzene
1,3-Butadiene
1,2-Dichloroethane
Chromium
Subtotal
Total for All Carcinogens
62,813,624
39,905,987
12,450,001
. 12,016,389
11,297,515
10,210,350
9,540,002
2,711,287
.1,878,367
1,804,579
164,628,101
177,191,192
Table E-7.
Multiple Codes: Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and
chemicals (28)].
ES-12
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Executive Summary [
CHAPTER 2: ;
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
OF TRI CHEMICALS IN WASTE
The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (PPA)
expanded TRI to require reporting about quan-
tities of TRI chemicals managed in waste and
about source reduction activities undertaken to
eliminate or reduce those quantities. Under the
PPA, source reduction is considered the
preferred approach to managing waste. Figure
E-15 illustrates a hierarchy for waste manage-
ment decision-making, with disposal of waste.
the last resort.
Figure E-16 illustrates the quantities of TRI
chemicals undergoing each on-site and off-site
waste management activity (recycling, energy
recovery, treatment, and release/disposal).
Facilities managed more than 26.5 billion
pounds of TRI chemicals in waste in 1994.
A
DISPOSAL
Figure E-15.
Quantities of TRI Chemicals Managed in Waste, 1994
Treated On-site
8,659 million pounds
(32.6%)
Energy Recovery Off-site
469 million pounds
(1.8%)
Treated Off-site
557 million pounds
(2.1%)
Released or Disposed of
2,515 million pounds
(9.5%) •
Recycled On-site
8,407 million pounds
(31.7%)
Energy Recovery On-site
, 3,423 million pounds
(12.9%)
Recycled Off-site
2,517 million pounds
(9.5%)
Figure E-16.
ES-13
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Executive Summary
Millions of Pounds
12.000-
10,000-
8.000-
6,000
4,000
2,000
Top 10 Industries
Production-Related
Waste, 1994
§Q
.10
CM ^
III,
o
O
3
I
Figure E-17 shows the top 10 industries for total
production-related waste in 1994. The chemi-
cals, primary metals, and paper industries
generated the most toxic chemicals in
production-related waste in 1994. These same
three industries also ranked highest for total
releases of TRI chemicals.
Figure E-18 shows the quantities of TRI chemi-
cals managed in waste for 1991 through 1996.
Quantities for 1995 and 1996 are facility
projections, not reports of amounts actually
generated. The quantity of toxic chemicals in
waste increased 5.4% between 1993 and 1994
and was projected to continue to increase.
The following page shows the 10 chemicals
undergoing each waste management activity in
the largest quantities.
Figure E-17.Q
Quantities of TRI Chemicals Managed in Waste, Actual and Projected, 1991-1996
Millions of Pounds
10,000
Percentages above
columns «t change
from 1991 quantities
to (projected) 1996
quantities.
1,000
Recycling
Energy Recovery
Treatment
Release/Disposal
Figure E-18.0
O Multiple Codes: Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and
chemicals (28)].
@ Data for 1991 as reported on 1991 forms; data for 1992 as reported on 1992 forms; data for 1993 as reported on 1993 forms; all
other years from 1994 forms. Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate
(solution), and sulfuric acid. •
ES-14
-------
Executive Summary
Top Chemicals by Waste Management Activity, 1994
Top 10 Chemicals
Recycling
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Copper
Toluene
Lead compounds
Methanol
Copper compounds
Zinc compounds
Ethylerie glycol
Ethylene
Hydrochloric acid
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Pounds
1,506,656,584
1,140,520,833
1,045,374,097
819,488,246
554,601,922
, 418,015,019
408,434,079
341,285,345
336,088,862
320,008,055
6,890,473,042
10,923,823,077
Top 10 Chemicals
Energy Recovery
Pounds
Ethylene 736,501,188
Propylene 689,185,436
Methanol 414,518,724
Mixtures and other trade names 342,857,076
Toluene ; 321,324,131
Xylene (mixed isomers) 246,840,748
Methyl ethyl ketone 141,838,678
tert-Butyl alcohol 64,437,894
Methyl isobutyl ketone , 54,298,695
Ammonia 47,931,235
Subtotal 3,059,733,805
Total for All TRI Chemicals 3,891,763,781
Table E-8.
Table E-9.
Top 10 Chemicals
Treatment
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Methanol
Ammonia ,
Phosphoric acid
Ethylene
Freon 113
Nitric acid •
Propylene
Chlorine
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Pounds.
2,008,282,357
1,746,498,481
1,043,675,020
396,717,577
392,605,150
377,232,742
281,153,961
277,732,809
243,603,980
217,784,441
6,985,286,518
"9,216,384,501
Top 10 Chemicals
Release/Disposal
Methanol
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia, '
Toluene
Zinc compounds
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Carbon disulfide
Methyl ethyl ketone
Dichloromethane
Copper compounds
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
Pounds
264,154,976
226,303,479
206,153,499
164,627,303
150,283,170
109,582,235
84,510,491
80,107,774
69,053,033
, 66,540,264
1,421,316,224
2,514,582,556
Table E-10.
Table E-11.
ES-15
-------
Executive Summary
Source Reduction Activities, 1994
Facilities also must provide information about
source reduction activities they implemented
during the reporting year. Source reduction
activities reduce the amount of a toxic chemical
entering a waste stream and therefore prevent
pollution before it is generated.
Waste management activities such as recycling
are not considered source reduction because
they manage toxic chemicals after they enter
waste streams.
Thirty-two percent of all TRI facilities reported
at least one source reduction activity in 1994.
Table E-12 lists the categories of source reduc-
tion activities and their reporting frequency.
Table E-13 lists the top 10 industries based on
the percentage of forms reporting source reduc-
tion. Table E-14 lists the 10 chemicals for which
source reduction was reported the most often.
Source Reduction
Activity Reporting
Top Industries
By Percentage of Forms
Furniture
Printing
Measuro/Photo.
No codes 20-39Q
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-390
Electrical
Lumber
Petroleum
Transportation Equip.
Subtotal
Total for All Industries
TRI
Forms
Number
1,595
570
812 ,
904
801
5,429
3,641
1,953
3,087
4,498,
23,290
75,332
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
Number
587
198
276
260
216
1,450
948
502
779 '
1,134
6,350
17,557
Percent
36.8
34.7
34.0
28.8
27.0
26.7
26.0
25.7
25.2
25.2
'27.3
23.3
Slource Reduction Activity
Reporting
Category of
Activity
Number of
TRI Forms
Reporting
Good operating practices •
Inventory control
Spill and leak prevention
Raw material modifications
Process modifications
Cleaning and degreasing
Surface preparation/finishing
Product modifications
9,100
2,332
4,921
3,173
6,167.
1,676
2,135;
1,543
Table E-12.
Source Reduction
Activity Reporting
Top Chemicals
By Number of Forms
Toluene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols)
Glycol ethers
Methanol
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonia
Zinc compounds
Subtotal
Total for All TRI Chemicals
TRI
Forms
Number
3,566
3,346
2,389
3,895
2,157
2,439
1,207
3,300
2,978
2,458
27,735
75,332
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
Number
1,343
1,211
911
641
632~
615
592
587
575
481
7,588
17,557
Percent
- 37.7
36,.2
38.1
16.5
29.3
25.2
49.0
17.8
19.3
19.6
27.4
23.3
Table E-13.
Table E-14.
O Facilities/forms that did not report an SIC code or reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
O Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
ES-16
-------
Executive Summary
CHAPTERS:
YEAR-TO-YEAR COMPARISON
OF RELEASES AND TRANSFERS
Reported toxic chemical releases decreased by
nearly 8.6% between 1993 and 1994. Decreased
surface water discharges from just two facilities
in Louisiana accounted for most of the decline.
Excluding these two facilities, total releases
declined 1.6% since 1993. Transfers increased
by nearly 7.4% since 1993, primarily due to
increased transfers for recycling. Table E-15
compares the 1993 and 1994 release and transfer
quantities. Since 1988, EPA's baseline year for
TRI comparisons, releases have declined by
44.1%. Figure E-19 illustrates the change in
each release type since 1988.
Releases and
Transfers
1993-1994
Total Releases
Air
Surface Water
Underground Injection
Land
Total Transfers
Recycling
Energy Recovery
Treatment
POTWs
Disposal
Other©
1993-1994
Pounds
-186,307,673
-'50,201,287
-156,019,506
11,690,153
8,222,967
237,884,675
174,124,705
15,304,152
35,209,011
. -5,693,678
17,128,278
1,812,207
Change
Percent-
-8.57
-3.58
-76.83
3.96
3.00
7.38
8.45
3.42
13.70
-3.05
6.34
105.66
Table E-15.Q
Change in Total Releases, 1988-1994
Millions of Pounds '
4,000
S Total Air Emissions
H Surface Water
• Underground Injection
H Releases to Land
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Figure £-19.® , ....''...
@ Transfers reported with no waste management codes or invalid codes.
Q Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1594, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.'
© Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
ES-17
-------
Executive Summary
-1 52 BSI, '":' '. : ' .' - •- •-: ' " '4 i '•— 1 , . .. « , »..i.'
-20 P"f
-17 Eli
.n c
-09 E
-08 n
-06 £
Top 10 States ••
1993-1994 Decrease "°6 ™
in Total Releases -os |
-04 |
La.
Utah
Ind.
Kan.
Calif.
Ala.
N.Y.
N. M.
Nev.
Ohio
-175 -150 -125 -100 -75 -50 -25 0
Millions of Pounds
1993-1994 Change in
Total Releases by State
(Includes Underground Injection)
Figure E-20 presents the 10 states with the
largest poundage decrease in total releases
(includingunderground injection) between 1993
and 1994. Figure E-21 illustrates the percentage
change, in total releases between 1993 and 1994
for each state.
Twenty-two states and territories reported
decreases in total releases of more than 10%
since 1993. In contrast, seven states reported
increases in total releases of more than 10%
since 1993.
Figure E-20.®
Percent Change in Total Releases, 1993-1994
(Includes Underground Injection)
Alaska
Hawaii
Percent Change
I More than 10% Increase
0% to 10% Increase
0% to 10% Decrease
D More than 10% Decrease
Figure E-21 .fl) i
(D Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
ES-18 ,
-------
Executive Summary
Top 10 States
1988-1994 Decrease
in Total Releases
-375 -275 . -175
Millions of Pounds
-75
1988-1994 Change in Total
Releases by State
(Includes Underground Injection)
Figure E-22 presents the 10 states with the
largest quantity decrease in total releases
(including underground injection) between 1988
and 1994. Figure E-23 displays the states by
percentage change in total releases between
1988 and 1994.
Twenty-two states have reduced their total
releases by more than 50% since 1988. Five of
these states have reduced their releases by more
than 70% since 1988. Only three states and the
District of Columbia have reported an increase
in total releases since 1988.
Figure E-22.©
Percent Change in Total Releases, 1988-1994
(Includes Underground Injection)
Alaska
Percent Change
• Increase v
0% to 25% Decrease
0 25% to 50% Decrease
More than 50% Decrease
Figure E-23.®
® Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
.ES-19
-------
Executive Summary
Millions of Pounds
0
-100
Top 10 Industries
1993-1994 Decrease
in Total Releases
Figure E-24.®
Millions of Pounds
0
Top 10 Industries
1988-1994 Decrease
in Total Releases
-700
Change in Total Releases
by Industry
Figure E-24 displays the 10 industries with the
largest quantity decrease in total releases
(including underground injection) between 1993
and 1994. Figure E-25 displays' the 10 industries
. with the largest quantity decrease in total
releases between 1988 and 1994.
Although the chemical industry has experienced
the largest decrease in terms of pounds since
1988, several industries have experienced larger
percentage reductions in total releases. For
example, the electrical equipment industry has
reduced its releases by 75.0% since 1988,
compared to 47.0% for the chemical industry.
Table E-16 lists the top 10 industries for
percentage decrease in total releases since 1988.
Top 10 Industries
for 1988-1994
Percentage Decrease 1988-1994
5» T".»Jfc-»l n_l_«K_~*
in i oral rteieases
Pounds
Electrical -86,886,010
Leather -8,333,279
MeasureVPhoto. -34,176,573
Multiple codes 20-39 -303,676,979
Machinery -36,120,232
Stone/Clay -14,711,314
, Textiles -18,379,692
Miscellaneous -14,851,767
; Chemicals -622,181,129
Printing -26,516,429
Total for Top 10 Industries -1,165,833,404
Change
Percent
-75.0
, -69.9
-68.5
-68.0
-60.6
-54.3
-53.6
-52.0
-47.0
-43.7
-54.0
Table E-16.©
Figure E-25.©
© Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid.
No Codes: Forms that did not report an SIC code or reported SIC codes outside the 20-to-39 range.
(D Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991, and 1994, and aluminum oxide, ammonia^ ammonium
sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid. Multiple Codes: Forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20
to 39 [e.g., paper (26) and chemicals (28)].
ES-20
-------
Change in Total Releases
by Chemical
Table E-17 lists the 10 chemicals with the
largest quantity decrease in total releases
(including underground injection) between 1993
1993-1994 Decrease in Total Releases
1993-1994 Change
Chemical
Phosphoric acid1
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Chlorine
Hydrochloric acid
Toluene
Carbon disulfide
Manganese compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Freon 113
Xylene (mixed isorners)
Total for Top 10 Chemicals
Pounds
-133,888,491
-26,767,620
.- -15,722,561
-12,891,897
-12,309,750
-10,511,243
-8,942,517
.-7,435,249
-4,793,599
,4,251,976
-237,514,903
Percent
,63.0
-4L3 .
-20,6
-5.7
-6.8
-11.2
-17.7
-8.6
-48.6
-3.8
-21.3
Table E-17.©
1 988-1 994 Decrease i n Total Releases
Chemical
Hydrochloric acid
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Toluene
Phosphoric acid
Chlorine
Dichloromethane
Freon 113
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methanol
Manganese compounds
Total for Top 10 Chemicals
1988-1994 Change
Pounds
-266,692,993
-142,894,818
.-132,090,116
-98,513,311
-80,994,653
-67,316,352
-65,566,188
-61,903,672
-56,253,556
-52,017,228
-1,024,242,887
Percent
-55.4
-79.0
-43.9
-55.6
-57.3
-51.4
-92.8
-43.8
-18.0
-55.6
-50.4
Table E-18.®
Executive Summary
and 1994. Phosphoric acid releases'declined by
nearly 134 million pounds, or 63.0%, due to
decreased releases from two fertilizer facilities
in Louisiana. Releases of 1,1,1-trichloroethane
declined by nearly 27 million pounds, or41.3%.
Releases of Freon 113 declined by nearly
5 million pounds, or 48.6%, since 1993. Both
l,l,li-trichloroethane and Freon 113 are ozone-
depleting chemicals whose production was
banned as of January 1,1996.
Table E-18 lists the 10 chemicals with the
largest quantity decrease in total releases
(including underground injection) between 1988
and 1994.
Table E-19 lists the 10 chemicals with the
largest increases in total releases (including
underground injection) between 1988 and 1994.
1988-1994 Increase
*-(i * *
Chemical
Copper compounds
Styrene
Ethylbenzene
Acetaldehyde
1 ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Acrylamide
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
m-Cresol
Methyl tert-butyl ether
o-Cresol
Total for Top 10 Chemicals
In Total Releases
1988-1994
Pounds
13,924,090
5,880,675
4,811,729
3,710,027
' 3,344,085
2,989,726.
740,377 .
648,972
599,369
585,526
'37,234,576
Change
Percent
42.6
17.2
60.2
. 39.7
75.6
•" 134.2
710.4
3,385.4
22.8
637.1
39.5
Table E-19.®
Calculation of top chemicals does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in. 1994, and ammonia, ammonium sulfate
(solution), and sulfuric acid. '
Calculation of top chemicals does not include data for delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991, and 1994, and
aluminum oxide, ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution), and sulfuric acid. .'
ES-21
-------
Executive Summary
CHAPTER 4:
TRI REPORTING PROFILES FOR
33/50 PROGRAM CHEMICALS
The 33/50 Program is an EPA voluntary pollu-
tion reduction initiative that targets 17 high-
priority TRI chemicals (see Box E-6) for reduc-
tions in releases and transfers. The Program
derives its name from its national goals-—an
interim reduction of 33% in 1992 and an ulti-
mate reduction of 50% in 1995, using 1988 TRI
reporting as a baseline. These goals translate to
a reduction of nearly 750 million pounds of
pollution from the nearly 1.5 billion pounds
reported to TRI for 1988 (the program excludes
transfers to recycling and energy recovery,
which were not reported to TRI until 1991). The
33/50 Program is one of a broad group of EPA
activities designed to encourage source
17 Priority Chemicals
Targeted by the 33/50 Program
Benzene
Cadmium and cbmpounds
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Chromium and compounds
Cyanide compounds
Dichloromethane
Lead and compounds ,
Mercury and compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Nickel and compounds
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylenes
Box E-6.
ES-22
reduction, or prevention, as the best means of
reducing pollution.
33/50 Hits the Mark
The 33/50 Program has proven to be remarkably
successful. Spearheaded by the efforts of its .
1,300 corporate participants (which own more
than 6,000 TRI facilities), 33/50 surpassed its
ultimate 50% reduction goal in 1994, a year
ahead of schedule (see Figure E-26). Releases
and transfers of 3 3/50's 17 target chemicals
were reduced by an additional 62 million
pounds (7.8%).in 1994,,bringing total reductions
since 1988 to 757 million pounds and exceeding
the Program's 50% national pollution reduction
goal by more than 10 million pounds. 33/50's
interim 1992 33% reduction goal was also
achieved a year early and ultimately exceeded
by more than 100 million pounds.
33/50 Program Progress: 1988-1994
Millions of Pounds .
1,750 T
1,500
1,250
1,000--
750
500
250-
0
1,494
1,420
-5.0%
1,262
-15.5%
1,011
-32.3%
893
-40.2% 799
-46.5%
737
-50.7%
1992 Goal:
1001 Million
Pounds
1995 Goal:
747 Million
Pounds
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Releases and Transfers
(excluding transfers to energy recovery and recycling)
Figure E--26.
-------
Executive Summary
Reduction in Releases and Transfers:
33/50 Program Chemicals vs.
Other TRI Chemicals
1988-1990
1990-1994
0
-5-
-10-
-15-
-20-
-25-
-30-
-35-
-40-
-45 •
13 33/50 Chemicals
^Other TRI Chemicals
-50
Percentage Change
Figure E-27.®
33/50 Chemicals Outpace
Other TRI Reductions
Reduction of 33/50 chemicals is even more
striking when compared to the reduction pace
for other TRI chemicals. Since the Program's
announcement in 1991, 33/50 chemicals have
been reduced at nearly twice the rate observed
for all other TRI chemicals (41.6% vs. 22.3%;
7.8% vs. 3.5% in 1994). This accelerating trend
represents a complete reversal of the pattern .
prior to 33/50's initiation. Between 1988 and
1,990, emissions of other TRI chemicals were
reduced substantially more than 33/50 Program
chemicals: 20.2% vs. 15.5% (see Figure E-27).
33/50 Participants Account
for Most Reductions
33/50 participants accounted for nearly half
(46%) of the total reduction in Program
chemical releases and transfers in 1994. Since
the Program began in 1991, participants have
accounted for 70% of the reductions and
561 million pounds (74%) of the 757 million
pounds reduced since 1988.
Since 1988, facilities owned by participants
have reduced their releases and transfers of
33/50 Program chemicals by 60%, compared
with a 35% reduction by non-participants.
33/50 Chemicals in Production
Waste Projected to Decline
\
33/50 Program chemicals in production-related
waste increased slightly (1.6%) in 1994, but at a
significantly lower rate than observed for other
TRI chemicals.in waste (5.8%, see Figure E-28).
Since 1991, 33/50 chemicals in product waste
have decreased slightly (0.9%), while other TRI
chemicals in waste have increased significantly
(9.2%). 33/50 chemicals in waste are projected
to decline by 4.5% in 1995 and more than 7%
by 1996, while facilities expect .other TRI
chemical wastes to continue increasing (4.3% in
1995 and 6% by 1996).
33/50 Participants Project
Big Decrease in Waste
Facilities owned by 33/50 Program participating
companies reported a slight increase in
production-related waste (0.2%) while facilities
owned by non-participating parent companies
reported a 3.4% increase. Participating compa-
nies' facilities project a 13.4% decrease in
-------
Executive Summary
Change in Production-Related Waste:
33/50 Program Chemicals vs.
Other TRI Chemicals
1991-
1992
1992-
1993
1993-
1994
1994- 1995-
1995 1996
(Projected)
Figure £-28.©
production-related waste of 33/50 chemicals by
1996, compared to a 1.2% increase projected by
non-participants.
33/50 Chemicals Targeted for
More Source Reduction Activities
33/50 chemicals, as a group and individually,
are being targeted for more source reduction
activities than are other TRI chemicals. 43% of
the Form Rs reporting a source reduction
activity during 1994 were for the Program's 17 ,
target chemicals. Thirty percent of 33/50
chemical Form Rs reported the occurrence of.
source reduction, compared to 20% of the forms
submitted for other TRI chemicals. Individual
33/50 Program chemicals had some of the1
highest levels of reporting on source reduction.
Three of the top five TRI chemicals with the
greatest number of Form Rs reporting source
reduction activities in 1994 are 33/50 chemicals
[toluene, xylene (mixed isomers), and methyl
ethyl ketone]. .
33/50 Program Wrapping Up
1995 has come arid gone the 33/50 Program's
ultimate 50% pollution .reduction goal has;been
achieved—a year ahead of schedule. Industries'
efforts to meet 33/50's challenges have
concluded in many cases, though many
companies set environmental goals that extend
years into the future and others are drawing on
momentum established through their Program
participation to continue their voluntary
reduction efforts on their own. At EPA, the
33/50 Program staff are putting the finishing
touches on the Agency's flagship partnership
experiment. . ,
•\
EPA intends to co-sponsor a national conference
in September 1996 to celebrate the success of
33/50 and to explore ways of building even
more successful partnerships in the future. In
connection with this conference, 33/50 will be
thanking all 1,300 participants for their
contributions to the early achievement of the
Program's pollution reduction goals.
EPA is also compiling 33/50 Program Success
Stories, written by participants and featuring
reduction projects they implemented to achieve
33/50 reductions. Success Stories will be
distributed in hard copy and electronic format
via the Internet as an entire compendium and in
custom groups based on readers' interests in
chemicals, processes, sectors, and pollution
reduction techniques.
: . 5 .
Data for 1991 as reported on 1991 forms; data for 1992 as reported on 1992 forms; all other years from 1994 forms. Does not
include data for delisted chemicals! chemicals added in 1994, ammonia, ammonium sulfate (solution).-and sulfuric acid.
ES-24
-------
CHAPTERS:
TRI REPORTING BY
FEDERAL FACILITIES
On-site Releases
As a result of Presidential Executive Order
12856, Federal facilities were required to
report to TRI for the first time in 1994. A
total of 191 Federal facilities filed 686 TRI
reports.
i
Releases reported by Federal facilities totaled
9.-8 million pounds in 1994. Figure E-29 shows
the distribution of Federal facility releases by
release medium. Air emissions constituted
nearly 84% of all releases, from Federal
facilities in 1994, compared to nearly 69% for
all TRI facilities. .
The Department of Defense reported 7.1 million
pounds of releases from 127 facilities. This
represents nearly 73% of all releases from
Federal facilities. Table E-20 shows the number
Executive Summary
Federal Facilities
Distribution of Releases
1994
Underground
Injection
4.5%
Surface
Water
, 2.5%
Land
9.2%
Figure E-29.
of reporting facilities and the total reported
releases for each agency in 1994. Figure E-30
shows the distribution of TRI releases by
agency.
Federal Facilities
Total Releases, 1994
Agency Facilities
Number
. Dept. of Defense 127
Dept. of Energy 23
U.S. Enrichment Corporation 2
Dept. of Agriculture 1 1
Natl. Aeronautics and Space Admin. 6
Dept. of Justice 3
Tennessee Valley Authority , 6
Dept. of Transportation 2
Dept. of Treasury 6
Dept. of Interior ; 2
Dept. of Health and Human Services 2
Environmental Protection Agency .1
Total 191
Total
Releases
Pounds
7,145,197
973,793
750,706
567,993
223,663
102,691
35,825
23,816
2,281
1,411
500
20'
9,827,896
Federal Facilities
Total Releases
1994
Agriculture , other
5.8%
4.0%
Defense
72.7%
U.S. Enrich^
merit Corp.
7.6%
Energy
9.9%
Table E-20.
Figure E-30.
ES-25
-------
Executive Summary
Off-site Transfers
Federal facilities reported transferring off-site
10.4 million pounds of toxic chemicals in
waste in 1994. Figure E-31 shows the distribu-
tion of TRI transfers, by type of transfer.
About 5.2 million pounds (50%) of toxic
chemicals in waste were transferred off-site by
Federal facilities to be recycled. Transfers
off-site for disposal totalled nearly 2.7 million
pounds (nearly 26%). Transfers off-site for
treatment totalled 1.6 million pounds, or
nearly 16%. Transfers for energy recovery
totaled 0.6 million pounds, or nearly 6%.
Table E-21 shows the total transfers reported by
each Federal agency for 1994. Figure E-32
shows the distribution of TRI transfers by
agency.
Department of Defense facilities reported
9.9 million pounds of transfers in 1994,
nearly 95% of all TRI transfers from Federal
Federal Facilities
Distribution of Transfers
1994
Disposal
25.5%
Recycling
POTWs
3.0%
Treatment
15.7%
Energy
Recovery
5.7%
Figure E-31.
.facilities. More than 71% of the transfers from
Department of Defense facilities were reported
by Army facilities.
Federal Facilities
Total Transfers, 1994
Agency
Table E-21.
ES-26
Total
Transfers
Pounds
Dept of Defense 9,866,496
Dept. of Energy 125,998
U.S. Enrichment Corporation 0
Dept. of Agriculture 0
Natl. Aeronautics and Space Admin. 24,468
Dept. of Justice 10,331
Tennessee Valley Authority ,* 27,066
Dept. of Transportation 6,343
Dept of Treasury 237,803
Dept of Interior 4,500
Dept. of Health and Human Services . 139,898
Environmental Protection Agency 0
Total 10,442,903
Federal Facilities
Total Transfers
1994
Energy
HHS 1-2%
1.3%
Other
' 0.7%
Treasury
2.3%
Defense
. 94.5%
Figure E-32.
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Executive Summary
Federal Facilities' Management of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1994
Released or Disposed of
11.5 million pounds
(38.5%)
Treated Off-site
2.1 million pounds
(6.9%)
Recycled On-site
4.1 million pounds
(13.7%)
Recycled Off-site
4.8 million pounds
(16.0%) -
Energy Recovery On-site
0.6 million pounds (2.1%)
Energy Recovery Off-site
0.5 million pounds (1.8%)
Treated On-site
6.3 million pounds
(21.0%)
Figure E-33.
Waste Management and
Pollution Prevention Data
Federal facilities reported managing nearly
30.0 million pounds of toxic chemicals in waste
in 1994. Nearly 39% of that amount was
released to the environment (including
disposal). Nearly 30% was recycled, either on-
.site or off-site. Figure E-33 shows the amount
and percentage of TRI chemicals in waste
undergoing each waste management activity.
Federal facilities projected that the quantity of
TRI chemicals they manage in waste will
decline to about 24.4 million pounds by 1996.
Forty-eight percent of all Federal facilities
reported undertaking at least one source reduc-
tion activity in 1994. Source reduction activities
were reported on nearly 38% of all forms from
Federal facilities. Table E-22 shows source
reduction activity reporting by each agency.
Federal Agencies
Source Reduction
Activity Reporting
TRI
Agency Forms
' . Number
Dept. of Defense 520
Dept. of Energy , '85
Dept. of Agriculture , -1 1
Tennessee Valley Authority 12
Natl. Aeronautics/Space Admin. 16
Dept. of Treasury ,11
Dept of Justice 7
Dept. of Health/Human Svcs. 6
Dept. of Transportation 3
Dept. of Interior 3
U.S. Enrichment Corporation 10
Envtl. Protection Agency 2
Total 686
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
Number Percent
212 40.8
17 20.0
9 '81.8
2 16.7
10 62.5
1 9,1
0 0.0
.!. 1 16.7 -
3 • 100.0
2 - 66.7
2 ' 20.0
0 0.0
259 37.8
Table E-22.
ES-27
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Executive Summary
EPA REGIONAL SECTION 313 COORDINATORS
USEPA Region I (Boston, MA)
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
DwightPeavey
(617)565-3230
Fax (617) 565-1141
USEPA Region II (Edison, NJ)
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands
Nora Lopez
(908) 906-6890
Fax (908) 321-6788
USEPA Region HI (Philadelphia, PA)
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
Bill Reilly
(215) 566-2072
Fax (215) 566-2101
USEPA Region IV (Atlanta, GA)
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee
Ezequiel Velez
(404) 347-3555, Ext. 6984
Fax (404) 347-1681
USEPA Region V (Chicago, EL)
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota,
Ohio, Wisconsin
ThelmaCodina
(312) 886-6219
Fax (312) 353-4342
ES-28
USEPA Region VI (Dallas, TX)
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Texas
Warren Layne
(214) 665-8013
Fax (214) 665-7263
USEPA Region VII (Kansas City, KS)
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
Jim Hirtz
(913)551-7020
Fax (913) 551-7065
USEPA Region VIII (Denver, CO)
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
v,
Bruce Cooper
(303) 312-6028
Fax (303) 312-6044
USEPA Region IX (San Francisco, CA)
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada,
American Samoa, Guam, Northern Marianas
Charles Berrey
(415)744-1117
Fax (415) 744-1073
USEPA Region X (Seattle, WA)
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
Christina Colt
(206) 553-4016
Fax (206) 553-8509
-------
STATE TRI PUBLIC CONTACTS
Executive Summary
Alabama
Alaska
American
Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of
Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Ed Poolos
(334) 260-2717
Camille Stephens
(907) 465-5220
Togipa Tausaga
(415)744-1601
Daniel Roe
(602) 231-6346
John Ward
(501)682-0913
Steve Hanna
(916) 324-9924
Tamara Van Horn
(303) 692-3017
Joseph Pulaski
(203) 424-3373
David Fees
(302)739-4791 .
Jacqueline Love
(202) 673-2101
Ext. 3151
Sam Bracket!
(904)413-9970
(800) 635-7179
(in Florida)
KirbyS. Olson
(404) 656-6905
Joseph Cruz
Intl. (671) 472-8863
Marsha Mealey
(808) 586-4249
Lezlie Aller
(208) 334-3263
Joe Goodner
(217) 785-0830 .
Paula Smith
(317)232-8172
Pete Hamlin
(515) 281-8852
Jon Flint
(913)296-1690
Kentucky Alex Barber
(502)564-2150
Louisiana Linda Brown
(504)765-0737
Maine Rayna Leibowitz
(207) 287-4080 ,
Maryland Patricia Williams
(410) 631-3800
Massa- William Panos
chusetts (617) 574-6820
Michigan Robert Jackson
(517) 373-8481
Minnesota John Chikkala
• (612)282-5396
Mississippi John David Burns
(601) 960-9000
Missouri Eugene Nickel
(573) 526-6627
Montana Tom Ellerhoff
(406)444-2544
Navajo Harrilene Begay
Nation (520) 871-7692
Nebraska Dale Busch
(402)471-4230 ..
Nevada AleneCoulson
(702) 687-4670
Ext. 3006
NewHamp- Leland Kimball
shire (603) 271-2231
New Jersey Andrew Opperman*
(609)984-3219
New Mexico Max Johnson
(505)827-9223
New York William Miner
(518)457-4107
North Emily Kilpatrick
Carolina (919)733-3865
North Robert W. -Johnson
Dakota (701)328-2111
Northern John Castro
Marianas (415)744-1601
Ohio Cindy DeWulf
(614)644-3606
Oklahoma Monty Elder
(405) 271-8062
Oregon Bob Albers
(503)378-3473
Ext. 231-
Penn- ' James Tinney
sylvania (717) 783-2071
Puerto Rico Genaro Torres
(809) 766-8056
Rhode Martha Delaney
Island Mulcahey
(401) 277-2808
Ext. 7032
South Michael Juras
Carolina (803)896-4117
South Lee Ann Smith
Dakota (605) 773-3296
Tennessee Betty Eaves
(615)741-2986
Texas Becky Kurka
(512)239-3100
Utah John Jones
(801)536-4100
Vermont. Gary Gulka
(802)241-3626
.Virgin Austin Moorehead
Islands (809)773-0565
(St. Croix)
- (809) 774-4577
(St. Thomas)
Virginia Cathy Harris
(804) 698-4489
Washington Well Haiisen
(206) 407-6727
West Carl L. Bradford
Virginia (304) 558-5380
Wisconsin RussDunst
(608)266-9255
Wyoming Mike Davis
(307)777-7197
ES-29
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Executive Summary
PUBLIC ACCESS TO THE TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY
TRI Reports and Data Products
Product
1994 TRI Executive Summary
1994 TRI Public Data Release
(annual report)
1994 State Fact Sheets
1987-1993 TRI CD-ROM
1994 State Data Files
1994 Federal
Facilities Disk
dBASE
Lotus
dBASE
Lotus
TRI Information Kit
Supplier
U.S. EPA
EPCRA
Hotline
U.S. GPO
NTIS
U.S. GPO
U.S. GPO
NCEPI
Contact Information
(800) 535-0202
Fax Document Requests
Only: (703) 412-3333
(202) 512-1800
(703)487-4650
(202) 512-1530
(202)512-1530 .
(513)489-8180
Fax:(513)489-8190
Order Information
EPA 745/S-96-001 (Free)
EPA 745/R-96-002 (Free)
EPA 745/F-96-001 (Free)
S/N 055-000-00508-7 ($38)
PB 95503793 ($45)
$15-$ 17 /state
Up to 67 disks for all states
$15-17. Call for quote.
EPA 749-F-94-002 (Free)
Note: The 1987-1994 CD-ROM, containing the latest available data, will be published in August 1996.
Accessing TRI Data Online
Data from Online Providers
Internet Address
Special Notes
Right to Know Network (RTKNET) -
Provides public access to TRI and related
environmental data bases to community
groups concerned about toxics. For more
information, call (202) 797-7200.
ftp://ftp.rtknet.org
gopher://gopher.rtknet.org
http://www.rtk.net
Set computer parameters to
8,N,1 and log in as "public."
No charge for Internet access.
Direct access by modem
at (202) 234-8570; phone
charge may apply.
National Library of Medicine (NLM) -
Offers state of the art, user friendly searching
of complete TRI data base. For more
information, call (301)496-6531.
toxnet.nlm.nih.gov
$18420 per hour charge.
Password required.
U.S. EPA Internet Server - Access a variety
of reports, data files, and TRI information
from EPA. For more information, call
TRI-US at (202) 260-1531.
ftp://ftp.epa.gov
gopher://gopher.epa.gov
http://www.epa.gov
\pub\gopher\TRI_Chem
EPA/OPPTS/TS/TRI
ES-30
•&U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: UN - 7154M/M513
-------
1994 Toxics Release Inventory
Public Data Release
Order Form
In addition to this Executive Summary, EPA has prepared two reports summarizing the 1994 TRI
data. To order one or both of these documents, please return this order form to:
U.S. EPA/NCEPI
Attn: Publication Orders
P.O. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Fax:(513)489-8695
http://www.epa.gov/epahome/publication.html
Please type or print clearly, and be sure to indicate which document(s) you would like to receive by
checking the appropriate box(es) below. Allow 2-4 weeks for delivery.
I / 1994 Toxics Release Inventory Public Data Release (EPA 745-R-96-002)
Summarizes the national TRI data for 1994 and provides limited comparison data
for previous years. Included is information on releases and transfers of TRI
chemicals, management of TRI chemicals in waste, achievements of the 33/50
Program of voluntary toxics reduction, and toxic chemical data reported by federal
facilities. Includes national summaries, plus complete data tables by state, by
industry group, and by chemical. (438 pp.)
[~~1 2994 Toxics Release Inventory Public Data Release State Fact Sheets (EPA745-F-96-001)
Provides a two-page summary of 1994 basic TRI data for each state, including
release, transfer, and waste management totals, state rankings, top five chemicals
released in the state, and top 10 facilities for TRI releases in the state. Includes
information about state TRI programs. (115 pp.)
Ship to
Organization
Address
City/State/ZIP
Daytime Phone
(Please include area code)
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