v>EPA National Primary Drinking Water Standards United States Environmental Protection Agency ^^^H Contaminants Fluoride Volatile Organics Benzene Carbon Tetrachloride p-Dichlorobenzene 1 ,2-Dichloroethane 1 , 1 -Dichloroethy lene Trichloroethylene 1,1,1 -Trichloroethane Vinyl Chloride 4.0 zero zero 0.075 zero 0.007 zero 0.2 zero IV 1C L (m«/L) 4.0 0.005 0.005 0.075 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.2 0.002 Office of Water EPA 81 0-F-94-001 4601 February 1994 Washington DC 20460 Potential II call h Itftects from In«>estion of Water Skeletal and dental fluorosis Cancer Cancer Cancer Cancer Cancer, liver and kidney effects Cancer Liver, nervous system effects Cancer Sources ot Contaminant in Drinking Water Natural deposits; fertilizer, aluminum indstrs.; H,O additive Some foods; gas, drugs, pesticide, paint, plastic industries Solvents and their degradation products Room and water deodorants, and "mothballs" Leaded gas, fumigants, paints Plastics, dyes, perfumes, paints Textiles, adhesives and metal degreasers Adhesives, aerosols, textiles, paints, inks, metal degreasers May leach from PVC pipe; formed by solvent breakdown Coliform and Surface Water Treatment Giardia lambia zero TT Gastroenteric disease Human and animal fecal waste Legionella zero TT Legionnaire's disease Natural waters; can grow in water heating systems Standard Plate Count N/A TT Indicates water quality, effectiveness of treatment Total Coliform* Turbidity* Viruses Phase II - Inorganics Asbestos (>10um) Barium* Cadmium* Chromium* (total) Mercury* (inorganic) Nitrate* Nitrite Selenium* Phase II - Organics Acrylamide Alachlor Aldicarb* Aldicarb sulfone* Aldicarb sulfoxide* Atrazine Carbofuran Chlordane* Chlorobenzene 2,4-D* o-Dichlorobenzene cis- 1 ,2-Dichloroethylene zero N/A zero 7MFL 2 0.005 0.1 0.002 10 1 0.05 zero zero 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.04 zero 0.1 0.07 0.6 0.07 trans-l,2-Dichloroethylene 0.1 Dibromochloropropane zero 1,2-Dichloropropane zero Epichlorohydrin Ethylbenzene Ethylene dibromide Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide zero 0.7 zero zero zero <5%+ TT TT 7MFL 2 0.005 0.1 0.002 10 1 0.05 TT 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.003 0.04 0.002 0.1 0.07 0.6 0.07 0.1 0.0002 0.005 TT 0.7 0.00005 0.0004 0.0002 Indicates gastroenteric pathogens Interferes w/ disinfection/filtration Gastroenteric disease Cancer Circulatory system effects Kidney effects Liver, kidney, circulatory disorders Kidney, nervous system disorders Methemoglobulinemia Methemoglobulinemia Liver damage Cancer, nervous system effects Cancer Nervous system effects Nervous system effects Nervous system effects Mammary gland tumors Nervous, reproductive system Cancer Nervous system and liver Liver and kidney damage Liver, kidney, blood cell damage Liver, kidney, nervous, circulatory Liver, kidney, nervous, circulatory Cancer Liver, kidney effects; cancer Cancer Liver, kidney, nervous system Cancer Cancer Cancer Human and animal fecal waste Soil runoff Human and animal fecal waste Natural deposits; asbestos cement in water systems Natural deposits; pigments, epoxy sealants, spent coal Galvanized pipe corrosion; natural deposits; batteries, paints Natural deposits; mining, electroplating, pigments Crop runoff; natural deposits; batteries, electrical switches Animal waste, fertilizer, natural deposits, septic tanks, sewage Same as nitrate; rapidly converted to nitrate Natural deposits; mining, smelting, coal/oil combustion Polymers used in sewage/waste water treatment Runoff from herbicide on corn, soybeans, other crops Insecticide on cotton, potatoes, others; widely restricted Biodegradation of aldicarb Biodegradation of aldicarb Runoff from use as herbicide on corn and non-cropland Soil fumigant on corn and cotton; restricted in some areas Leaching from soil treatment for termites Waste solvent from metal degreasing processes Runoff from herbicide on wheat, corn, rangelands, lawns Paints, engine cleaning compounds, dyes, chemical wastes Waste industrial extraction solvents Waste industrial extraction solvents Soil fumigant on soybeans, cotton, pineapple, orchards Soil fumigant; waste industrial solvents Water treatment chemicals; waste epoxy resins, coatings Gasoline; insecticides; chemical manufacturing wastes Leaded gas additives; leaching of soil fumigant Leaching of insecticide for termites, very few crops Biodegradation of heptachlor NOTES: * Indicates original contaminants with interim standards which have been revised. TT=Treatment Technique requirement MFL=Million Fibers per Liter ------- Contaminants MCLC; MCL (nig/L) (nig/D Potential Health Kttects from digestion of Water Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water Phase n -Organics (continued) Lindane 0.0002 Methoxychlor 0.04 Pentachlorophenol PCBs Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Toxaphene 2,4,5-TP Xylenes (total) Lead and Copper Lead* Copper Phase V - Inorganics Antimony Beryllium Cyanide O.OC02 Liver, kidney, nerve, immune, circu. 0.04 Growth, liver, kidney, nerve 0.001 Cancer; liver and kidney effects 0.0005 Cancer 0.1 Liver, nervous system damage 0.005 Cancer ~T Insecticide on cattle, lumber, gardens; restricted 1983 Insecticide for fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock, pets Wood preservatives, herbicide, cooling tower wastes Coolant oils from electrical transformers; plasticizers Plastics, rubber, resin, drug industries; leachate from city landfills Improper disposal of dry cleaning and other solvents Nickel Thallium Liver, kidney, nervous, circulatory 0.003 Cancer 0.05 Liver and kidney damage 10 Liver, kidney; nervous system Kidney, nervous system damage Gastrointestinal irritation •^^^^••H Cancer Bone, lung damage Thyroid, nervous system damage Heart, liver damage 0.002 Kidney, liver, brain, intestinal Gasoline additive; manufacturing and solvent operations Insecticide on cattle, cotton, soybeans; cancelled 1982 Herbicide on crops, right-of-way, golf courses; cancelled 198 By-product of gasoline refining; paints, inks, detergents NaturaVindustrial deposits; plumbing, solder, brass alloy faucets Natural/industrial deposits; wood preservatives, plumbing Fire retardants, ceramics, electronics, fireworks, solder Electrical, aerospace, defense industries Electroplating, steel, plastics, mining, fertilizer Metal alloys, electroplating, batteries, chemical production Electronics, drugs, alloys, glass •rganics Adipate, (di(2-ethylhexyl)) 0.4 Dalapon 0.2 Dichloromethane zen 0.4 Decreased body weight; liver and testes damage 0.2 Liver, kidney 0.005 Cancer Synthetic rubber, food packaging, cosmetics Herbicide on orchards, beans, coffee, lawns, road/railways Paint stripper, metal degreascr, propellant, extraction Dinoseb Diquat Dioxin Endothall Endrin Glyphosate Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorocy elope ntadiene 0.007 Thyroid, reproductive organ damage 0.02 Liver, kidney, eye effects 0.00000003 Cancer 0.1 Liver, kidney, gastrointestinal 0.002 Liver, kidney, heart damage Runoff of herbicide from crop and non-crop applications Runoff of herbicide on land & aquatic weeds Chemical production by-product; impurity in herbicides Herbicide on crops, land/aquatic weeds; rapidly degraded Pesticide on insects, rodents, birds; restricted since 1980 Oxamyl (Vydate) PAHs (benzo(a)pyrene) Phthalate, (di(2-ethylhexyl) 0.7 Liver, kidney damage 0.001 Cancer 0.05 Kidney, stomach damage 0.2 Kidney damage 0.0002 Cancer 0.006 Cancer Herbicide on grasses, weeds, brush Pesticide production waste by-product Pesticide production intermediate Insecticide on apples, potatoes, tomatoes Coal tar coatings; burning organic matter; volcanoes, fossil fuels PVC and other plastics Picloram 0.5 0.5 Simazine 0.004 0.004 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.07 0.07 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.003 0.00- Other Proposed (P) and Interim (I) Standards Beta/photon emitters (I) and (P)zero 4 mrem/yr Cancer Alpha emitters (I) and (P) zero 15 pCi/L Cancer Combined Radium 226/228 (1) zero 5 pCi/L Bone cancer Radium 226*(P) zero 20 pCi/L Bone cancer Radium 228*(P) zero 20 pCi/L Bone cancer Radon (P) zero 300 pCi/L Cancer Kidney, liver damage Cancer Liver, kidney damage Kidney, liver, nervous system Herbicide on broadleaf and woody plants Herbicide on grass sod, some crops, aquatic algae Herbicide production; dye carrier Solvent in rubber, other organic products; chemical production waste Decay of radionuclides in natural and man-made deposits Decay of radionuclides in natural deposits Natural deposits Natural deposits Natural deposits Decay of radionuclides in natural deposits Uranium (P) Sulfate (P) Arsenic*(I) Total Trihalomethanes (I) zero 0.02 400/500 400/500 0.05 0.05 zero 0.10 Cancer Diarrhea Skin, nervous system toxicity Cancer Natural deposits Natural deposits Natural deposits; smelters, glass, electronics wastes; orchards Drinking water chlorination by-products NOTES: * Indicates original contaminants with interim standards which have been revised. t Action Level = 0.015 mg/L t Action Level = 1.3m g/L TT=Treatment Technique requirement pCi = picocurie - a measure of radioactivity MFL=Million Fibers per Liter mrem = millirems - a measure of radiation absorbed by the body ------- |