v>EPA
National Primary Drinking Water Standards
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
^^^H Contaminants
Fluoride
Volatile Organics
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
p-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1 , 1 -Dichloroethy lene
Trichloroethylene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Vinyl Chloride
4.0
zero
zero
0.075
zero
0.007
zero
0.2
zero
IV 1C L
(m«/L)
4.0
0.005
0.005
0.075
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.2
0.002
Office of Water EPA 81 0-F-94-001
4601 February 1994
Washington DC 20460
Potential II call h Itftects from
In«>estion of Water
Skeletal and dental fluorosis
Cancer
Cancer
Cancer
Cancer
Cancer, liver and kidney effects
Cancer
Liver, nervous system effects
Cancer
Sources ot Contaminant in Drinking Water
Natural deposits; fertilizer, aluminum indstrs.; H,O additive
Some foods; gas, drugs, pesticide, paint, plastic industries
Solvents and their degradation products
Room and water deodorants, and "mothballs"
Leaded gas, fumigants, paints
Plastics, dyes, perfumes, paints
Textiles, adhesives and metal degreasers
Adhesives, aerosols, textiles, paints, inks, metal degreasers
May leach from PVC pipe; formed by solvent breakdown
Coliform and Surface Water Treatment
Giardia lambia zero TT Gastroenteric disease Human and animal fecal waste
Legionella zero TT Legionnaire's disease Natural waters; can grow in water heating systems
Standard Plate Count N/A TT Indicates water quality, effectiveness of treatment
Total Coliform*
Turbidity*
Viruses
Phase II - Inorganics
Asbestos (>10um)
Barium*
Cadmium*
Chromium* (total)
Mercury* (inorganic)
Nitrate*
Nitrite
Selenium*
Phase II - Organics
Acrylamide
Alachlor
Aldicarb*
Aldicarb sulfone*
Aldicarb sulfoxide*
Atrazine
Carbofuran
Chlordane*
Chlorobenzene
2,4-D*
o-Dichlorobenzene
cis- 1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
zero
N/A
zero
7MFL
2
0.005
0.1
0.002
10
1
0.05
zero
zero
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.04
zero
0.1
0.07
0.6
0.07
trans-l,2-Dichloroethylene 0.1
Dibromochloropropane zero
1,2-Dichloropropane zero
Epichlorohydrin
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene dibromide
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
zero
0.7
zero
zero
zero
<5%+
TT
TT
7MFL
2
0.005
0.1
0.002
10
1
0.05
TT
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.004
0.003
0.04
0.002
0.1
0.07
0.6
0.07
0.1
0.0002
0.005
TT
0.7
0.00005
0.0004
0.0002
Indicates gastroenteric pathogens
Interferes w/ disinfection/filtration
Gastroenteric disease
Cancer
Circulatory system effects
Kidney effects
Liver, kidney, circulatory disorders
Kidney, nervous system disorders
Methemoglobulinemia
Methemoglobulinemia
Liver damage
Cancer, nervous system effects
Cancer
Nervous system effects
Nervous system effects
Nervous system effects
Mammary gland tumors
Nervous, reproductive system
Cancer
Nervous system and liver
Liver and kidney damage
Liver, kidney, blood cell damage
Liver, kidney, nervous, circulatory
Liver, kidney, nervous, circulatory
Cancer
Liver, kidney effects; cancer
Cancer
Liver, kidney, nervous system
Cancer
Cancer
Cancer
Human and animal fecal waste
Soil runoff
Human and animal fecal waste
Natural deposits; asbestos cement in water systems
Natural deposits; pigments, epoxy sealants, spent coal
Galvanized pipe corrosion; natural deposits; batteries, paints
Natural deposits; mining, electroplating, pigments
Crop runoff; natural deposits; batteries, electrical switches
Animal waste, fertilizer, natural deposits, septic tanks, sewage
Same as nitrate; rapidly converted to nitrate
Natural deposits; mining, smelting, coal/oil combustion
Polymers used in sewage/waste water treatment
Runoff from herbicide on corn, soybeans, other crops
Insecticide on cotton, potatoes, others; widely restricted
Biodegradation of aldicarb
Biodegradation of aldicarb
Runoff from use as herbicide on corn and non-cropland
Soil fumigant on corn and cotton; restricted in some areas
Leaching from soil treatment for termites
Waste solvent from metal degreasing processes
Runoff from herbicide on wheat, corn, rangelands, lawns
Paints, engine cleaning compounds, dyes, chemical wastes
Waste industrial extraction solvents
Waste industrial extraction solvents
Soil fumigant on soybeans, cotton, pineapple, orchards
Soil fumigant; waste industrial solvents
Water treatment chemicals; waste epoxy resins, coatings
Gasoline; insecticides; chemical manufacturing wastes
Leaded gas additives; leaching of soil fumigant
Leaching of insecticide for termites, very few crops
Biodegradation of heptachlor
NOTES: * Indicates original contaminants with interim standards which have been revised. TT=Treatment Technique requirement MFL=Million Fibers per Liter
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Contaminants
MCLC; MCL
(nig/L) (nig/D
Potential Health Kttects from
digestion of Water
Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water
Phase n -Organics (continued)
Lindane 0.0002
Methoxychlor 0.04
Pentachlorophenol
PCBs
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Toxaphene
2,4,5-TP
Xylenes (total)
Lead and Copper
Lead*
Copper
Phase V - Inorganics
Antimony
Beryllium
Cyanide
O.OC02 Liver, kidney, nerve, immune, circu.
0.04 Growth, liver, kidney, nerve
0.001 Cancer; liver and kidney effects
0.0005 Cancer
0.1 Liver, nervous system damage
0.005 Cancer
~T
Insecticide on cattle, lumber, gardens; restricted 1983
Insecticide for fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock, pets
Wood preservatives, herbicide, cooling tower wastes
Coolant oils from electrical transformers; plasticizers
Plastics, rubber, resin, drug industries; leachate from city landfills
Improper disposal of dry cleaning and other solvents
Nickel
Thallium
Liver, kidney, nervous, circulatory
0.003 Cancer
0.05 Liver and kidney damage
10 Liver, kidney; nervous system
Kidney, nervous system damage
Gastrointestinal irritation
•^^^^••H
Cancer
Bone, lung damage
Thyroid, nervous system damage
Heart, liver damage
0.002 Kidney, liver, brain, intestinal
Gasoline additive; manufacturing and solvent operations
Insecticide on cattle, cotton, soybeans; cancelled 1982
Herbicide on crops, right-of-way, golf courses; cancelled 198
By-product of gasoline refining; paints, inks, detergents
NaturaVindustrial deposits; plumbing, solder, brass alloy faucets
Natural/industrial deposits; wood preservatives, plumbing
Fire retardants, ceramics, electronics, fireworks, solder
Electrical, aerospace, defense industries
Electroplating, steel, plastics, mining, fertilizer
Metal alloys, electroplating, batteries, chemical production
Electronics, drugs, alloys, glass
•rganics
Adipate, (di(2-ethylhexyl)) 0.4
Dalapon 0.2
Dichloromethane zen
0.4 Decreased body weight;
liver and testes damage
0.2 Liver, kidney
0.005 Cancer
Synthetic rubber, food packaging, cosmetics
Herbicide on orchards, beans, coffee, lawns, road/railways
Paint stripper, metal degreascr, propellant, extraction
Dinoseb
Diquat
Dioxin
Endothall
Endrin
Glyphosate
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocy elope ntadiene
0.007 Thyroid, reproductive organ damage
0.02 Liver, kidney, eye effects
0.00000003 Cancer
0.1 Liver, kidney, gastrointestinal
0.002 Liver, kidney, heart damage
Runoff of herbicide from crop and non-crop applications
Runoff of herbicide on land & aquatic weeds
Chemical production by-product; impurity in herbicides
Herbicide on crops, land/aquatic weeds; rapidly degraded
Pesticide on insects, rodents, birds; restricted since 1980
Oxamyl (Vydate)
PAHs (benzo(a)pyrene)
Phthalate, (di(2-ethylhexyl)
0.7 Liver, kidney damage
0.001 Cancer
0.05 Kidney, stomach damage
0.2 Kidney damage
0.0002 Cancer
0.006 Cancer
Herbicide on grasses, weeds, brush
Pesticide production waste by-product
Pesticide production intermediate
Insecticide on apples, potatoes, tomatoes
Coal tar coatings; burning organic matter; volcanoes, fossil fuels
PVC and other plastics
Picloram 0.5 0.5
Simazine 0.004 0.004
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.07 0.07
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.003 0.00-
Other Proposed (P) and Interim (I) Standards
Beta/photon emitters (I) and (P)zero 4 mrem/yr Cancer
Alpha emitters (I) and (P) zero 15 pCi/L Cancer
Combined Radium 226/228 (1) zero 5 pCi/L Bone cancer
Radium 226*(P) zero 20 pCi/L Bone cancer
Radium 228*(P) zero 20 pCi/L Bone cancer
Radon (P) zero 300 pCi/L Cancer
Kidney, liver damage
Cancer
Liver, kidney damage
Kidney, liver, nervous system
Herbicide on broadleaf and woody plants
Herbicide on grass sod, some crops, aquatic algae
Herbicide production; dye carrier
Solvent in rubber, other organic products; chemical production waste
Decay of radionuclides in natural and man-made deposits
Decay of radionuclides in natural deposits
Natural deposits
Natural deposits
Natural deposits
Decay of radionuclides in natural deposits
Uranium (P)
Sulfate (P)
Arsenic*(I)
Total Trihalomethanes (I)
zero 0.02
400/500 400/500
0.05 0.05
zero 0.10
Cancer
Diarrhea
Skin, nervous system toxicity
Cancer
Natural deposits
Natural deposits
Natural deposits; smelters, glass, electronics wastes; orchards
Drinking water chlorination by-products
NOTES: * Indicates original contaminants with interim standards which have been revised.
t Action Level = 0.015 mg/L t Action Level = 1.3m g/L
TT=Treatment Technique requirement
pCi = picocurie - a measure of radioactivity
MFL=Million Fibers per Liter
mrem = millirems - a measure of radiation absorbed by the body
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